Skip to main content

Full text of "Annals of Winchester college from its foundation in the year 1382 to the present time, with an appendix containing the charter of foundation, Wykeham's statutes of 1400, and other documents and an index"

See other formats 


//.  sO 


L^ 


^{ignr  fi^m^h. 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2007  witii  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


littp://www.arGliive.org/details/annalsofwincliestOOkirbiala 


ANNALS    OF 
WINCHESTER    COLLEGE 


T.  F.  KIRBV 


PREFACE 


This  compilation  is  a  result  of  the  unrestricted  access 
which  the  compiler  has  enjoyed  to  the  muniment  room  of 
the  College  for  some  years  past.  The  work  is  mainly  of 
an  antiquarian  nature,  and  was  intended  to  stop  at  the 
death  of  Warden  Barter  in  1861  ;  but  it  is  thought  con- 
venient to  add  a  few  pages,  containing  a  summary  of  the 
principal  changes  introduced  by  the  ordinances  of  the 
Oxford  University  Commissioners  and  by  the  Statutes  of 
the  Governing  Body.  There  is  also  a  Table  of  Dates,  a  list 
of  Headmasters,  and  an  Appendix,  containing  the  Charter 
of  Foundation  and  some  othdr  documents  referred  to  in  the 
body  of  the  work,  and  the  Statutes  of  the  Founder,  now 
no  longer  in  force.  The  compiler's  thanks  are  gratefully 
tendered  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sewell,  Warden  of  New  College, 
and  to  the  Rev.  Professor  Bartholomew  Price,  F.R.S.,  for 
perusing  the  proof-sheets,  and  for  many  valuable  hints  and 
corrections  during  the  period  preceding  publication. 

T.  F.  K. 

Winchester,  Dec.  3,  1891. 


as 


ERRATA 

Page  i8,  line  9  from  top, /or  es  read  est 

„     34,  lines     7,  8       „  omit  and  dice 

„     48,  line  4        „         for  1780  read  1770 

„     65,     „  I        „         for  publication  read  promulgation 

„  no,  lines  9,  12       „         for  '  Extrane '  read  '  Extranei ' 
„  280,  line  4  from  bottom, /or  Nicholas  read  Nichols 


CONTENTS 


CHAP. 

I.  The  Foundation 

II.  The  Site 

III.  The  Endowment 

IV.  The  Fabric 

V,    The  Statutes 

VI.     The  Founder's  Kin 

VII.    The  Commoners 

VIII.     Warden  Morys  (1393-1413) 

IX.    John  Fromond      

X.     Cardinal  Beaufort 

XI.  Warden  Thurbern  (1413-50)     .        .         . 

XII.    Wayneflete 

XIII.  Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker  (1450-87) 

XIV.  Wardens  Cleve,  Rede,  Barnake,  and  More  (1487-1541)  . 
XV.     Warden  White  (1541-54) 

XVI.  Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe  (1554-82)    .... 

XVII.     Warden  Bilson  (1582-96) 

XVIII.  Warden  Harmar  (1596-1613)     ...... 

XIX.     Warden  Love  (1613-30) 

XX.     Warden  Harris  (1630-58) 

XXI.     Warden  Burt  (1658-79) 

XXII.     Warden  Nicholas  (1679-1711) 

XXIII.  Wardens      Brathwaite,     Cobb,      Dobson,    and      Bigg 

(1711-57)     

XXIV.  Wardens  Golding  and  Lee  (1757-89)        .... 
XXV.     Warden  Huntingford  (1789-1832) 

XXVI.  Warden  Barter  (1832-61).     The  Governing  Body  . 


7 
14 
28 

65 

93 

109 

137 
163 
171 
183 
198 
209 
224 
246 
279 
29  c 
298 
308 
316 
348 
363 

385 
397 
416 
426 


APPENDICES 


I.  Roger  de  le  Chambre's  commission  . 
II.  Papal  license  to  found  the  College 
III.     Royal  license  to  found  the  College 


435 
436 
439 


viii  Contents. 

CHAP.  PAGB 

IV.    Founder's  Charter 440 

V.     Prior  and  Convent  of  St.  Swithun  to  Wykeham        .        .  444 

VI.    Thomas  Tanner  to  same 445 

VII.    Thomas  Lavyngton  to  same 446 

VIII.     Indenture  between  Prior  and  Convent  of  St.  Swithun 

and  Wykeham 447 

IX.     License  to  acquire  possessions  of  alien  priories        .        .  450 

X.     Charter  of  Privileges 452 

XI.    The  Statutes          ...                 455 

XII.    Warden  Traffles'  Diary 523 

XIII.  Bishop  Cooper's  order  limiting  the  number  of  Founder's 

KIN 526 

XIV.  Bishop  of  Achonry's  commission  to  consecrate  the  Chapel, 

Altars  and  Graveyard 530 

XV.     Case  of  the  Sub-Warden  and   Bursars  of  Winchester 
College  concerning  the  allowance  made  by  them 

TO  the  Warden  pro  victualibus  for  the  year  1710  531 

Index 539 


TABLE    OF    DATES 


1324. 

1367. 

Oct.  10. 

1368-9. 

Jan.  3. 

1373- 

Sept.  I. 

1378. 

June  I. 

1380. 

May  9 

1381. 

»  30. 

138a. 

Oct.  10-13 

„ 

,.  20. 

1386. 

Mar.  26. 

1389. 

June  19. 

1393- 

Mar.  28. 

1395. 

Sept.  28. 

>) 

Dec.  13. 

1395-6- 

Jan. 

1397- 

Nov.  26. 

1400. 

Sf/>/.  ir. 

1404. 

,,  27. 

1437- 

^M^.  26. 

1440. 

/«/_)/  29. 

1443- 

. 

1470. 

1474  80 

1544- 

April  18. 

» 

y^/y  II. 

1548. 

. 

1551- 

1553- 

1562. 

. 

1572- 

1603. 

Nov.  14. 

Birth  of  William  of  Wykeham. 

He  is  consecrated  Bishop  of  Winchester.  1 

First  allusion  to  '  our  scholars.' 

Engagement  of  schoolmaster. 

Bull  of  Urban  VI. 

Papal  license  to  found  a  College. 

Appropriation  of  Downton  Rectory. 

Purchase  of  site. 

Charter  of  Foundation. 

First  stone  laid. 

License  to  acquire  possession  of  alien  priories. 

Opening  day. 

Charter  of  Privileges. 

Altars,  &c.,  consecrated. 

First  allusion  to  commoners. 

Fellows  admitted. 

Statutes  published. 

Death  of  Wykeham. 

Fromond's  chantry  consecrated. 

First  visit  of  Henry  VI. 

Wayneflete  removed  to  Eton. 

Reredos  erected. 

Thurbern's  chantry  and  tower  built. 

Purchase  of  site  of  St.  Elizabeth's  College. 

Exchange  with  Henry  VIII.  Scholars  at  Moundsmere. 

Altar  demolished  and  rebuilt. 

Altar  demolished  again.     First  communion  table. 

Altar  rebuilt. 

Altar  demolished. 

Rood  loft  taken  down  and  pulpit  erected. 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  trial.     Scholars  at  Silkstead. 


Table  of  Dates. 


1636. 

1639. 

1649. 

1662. 

1666. 

1683-87. 

1687-92. 

1727. 

1750. 

1778. 

1834.  . 

1839-42. 

1857.  . 

i860. 

1861.  . 

1871. 

1873.  . 


April  22. 


Second  communion  table  and  rails. 

Choir  screen.     Choir  wainscoted. 

Parliamentary  Visitation. 

Altar  rebuilt. 

The  Plague.     Scholars  at  Crawley. 

'  School '  built. 

Antechapel  wainscoted. 

•  Superannuates'  Fund  '  established. 

'  Commoners '  founded. 

Visit  of  George  III. 

School  Library  founded. 

New  Commoners  built. 

Statutes  of  University  Commissioners. 

First  Boarding  House. 

Death  of  Warden  Barter. 

New  Governing  Body  of  Winchester  School  established. 

Statutes  made  by  Governing  Body. 


HEADMASTERS    OF   WINCHESTER 
COLLEGE 


AD. 


John  Milton  or  Melton  ^ 1393 

Thomas  Romesye 1393 

John  Pole 1407 

Thomas  Romesye  (again) 1414 

Richard  D'Arcey 1418 

Thomas  Alwyn  or  Wallwyn 1424 

William  Waynflete^ 1429 

Thomas  Alwyn  (again) 1442 

William  Ive,  D.D. 1444 

John  Barnarde 1454 

John  Grene 1459 

Clement  Smyth,  M.A.  '' 1464 

Richard  Dene,  M.A 1466 

John  Rede,  B.D.  * 1484 

Robert  Fescam,  M.A 1490 

William  Horeman,  M.A.  ^ 1494 

William  Farlyngton  or  Darlington,  M.A.        .        .  1502 

Edward  More,  B.D.  * 1508 

Thomas  Erlisman^         .......  1517 

John  Twychener,  M.A. 1526 

Richard  TwYCHENER,  M.A.     .        .       '.        .        .        .  1531 

*  Retired  at  Michaelmas,  1393. 

'  Headmaster  of  Eton,  1442 ;  Provost,  1443 ;  Bishop  of  Winchester,  1447. 
'  Headmaster  of  Eton,  1453. 

*  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  1501. 

*  Headmaster  of  Eton,  1485;  Fellow  of  Eton,  1502, 

*  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  1526.  '  Headmaster  of  Eton. 


Xll 


Headmasters  of  Winchester  College 


John  White,  D.D.  * 

Thomas  Baylie,  B.A. 

William  Evered,  M.A.  . 

Thomas  Hyde,  M.A.  ^ 

Christopher  Jonson,  M.D. 

Thomas  Bilson,  D.D.  *  . 

Hugh  Lloyd  or  Floyd,  D.C.L. 

John  Harmar,  D.D.  ® 

Benjamin  Heydon,  D.D. 

Nicholas  Love,  D.D.  *  . 

Hugh  Robinson,  D.D.    . 

Edward  Stanley,  D.D. 

John  Potenger,  D.D. 

William  Burt,  D.D.''    . 

Henry  Beeston,  D.C.L.  ^ 

William  Harris,  D.D.  ^ 

Thomas  Cheyney,  D.D.  *° 

John  Burton,  D.D. 

Joseph  Warton,  D.D." 

William  Stanley  Goddard,  D.D 

Henry  Dison  Gabell,  D.D. 

David  Williams,  D.C.L.  ^* 

George  Moberly,  D.C.L.  ^* 

George  Ridding,  D.D.  ^* 

William  Andrewes  Fearon,  D.D." 


1537 
1542 
1546 
1552 
1560 

1571 

1580 

1588 

1596 
1601 
1613 
1627 
1642 

1654 
1658 
1679 
1700 
1724 
1766 

1793 
1809 

1823 

1836 

1866 

1884 


^  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  1542 ;  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1554 ;  of  Win- 
chester, 1556. 

^  Prebendary  of  Winchester,  1556;  retired  to  Louvain,  1558. 
'  Physician  in  London,  157 1. 

*  Warden   of  Winchester  College,   1580;   Bishop  of  Worcester,  1596;   of 
Winchester,  1597. 

'  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  1596. 

*  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  1613. 

^  Warden  of  Winchester  College,  1658,  *  Warden  of  New  College,  1679. 

'  Prebendary  of  Winchester.  '"  Canon  of  Wells. 

"  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's  and  Winchester. 

"  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's  and  Salisbury. 

'^  Warden  of  New  College,  1840.  "  Bishop  of  Salisbury. 

**  Bishop  of  Southwell.  "  Honorary  Canon  of  Winchester. 


ANNALS    OF 
WINCHESTER    COLLEGE. 


I. 

The  Foundation. 

Its  origin  and  objects. — First  Schoolmaster. — Bull  of  Urban  VI. — Royal  license 
to  found  a  College. — Charter  of  Foundation. — Warden  Cranlegh. — Bulls  of 
Pope  Boniface  IX. — Western  Schism. 

Wykeham  seems  to  have  begun  his  great  work  of  providing 
free  education  for  the  sons  of  people  who  could  not  afford  to  pay 
for  it,  as  a  means  of  supplying  the  exhausted  ranks  of  an  edu- 
cated clergy,  very  soon  after  he  became  Bishop  of  Winchester. 
For  in  a  commission  dated  January  3,  1368-9,  for  facilitating 
the  provision  of  holy  water  for  the  use  of  poor  scholars,  quote4 
by  Moberly  from  Wykeham's  Register  (III.  16),  Wykeham 
mentions  his  own  scholars  (nostri  scolares),  an  expression 
which  cannot  possibly  refer  to  the  boys  of  the  ancient  cathedral 
school,  which,  if  it  still  existed,  which  is  doubtful,  belonged  to 
the  Priory  of  St.  Swithun,  and  not  to  the  See  of  Winchester. 
And  in  a  petition  which  he  addressed  to  Pope  Urban  VI  for 
leave  to  found  a  college,  he  seems  to  have  relied  on  the  fact 
that  he  had  been  maintaining  a  number  of  poor  scholars  at  his 
own  expense  for  several  years  as  a  reason  why  his  prayer 
should  be  granted  \  By  the  autumn  of  the  year  1373,  Wyke- 
ham's own  school  was  so  far  established  as  to  warrant  the  en- 
gaging of  a  permanent  master.     Wykeham's  choice   fell   on 

*  In  the  Bull  granting  leave  to  found  the  college,  Urban  VI  says  that 
Wykeham  '  ut  asserit,  scolaribus  in  gramatica  in  eadem  civitate  studentibus 
pluribus  annis  vitae  ncccssaria  ministravit.' 

7^  B 


3  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Richard  Herton,  a  grammaticus,  or  teacher  by  profession. 
Herton  was  engaged  for  the  term  of  ten  years  from  Michael- 
mas, 1373,  to  teach  grammar,  that  is  to  say,  the  rudiments  of 
Latin,  to  any  poor  boys  whom  Wykeham  had  in  his  school 
then,  or  might  have  in  it  during  the  term.  Herton  was  to  take 
none  but  these.  If  he  fell  sick,  or  went  on  a  pilgrimage  to 
Rome  (which  he  was  at  liberty  to  do  once  during  the  ten  years), 
he  was  to  provide  a  substitute.  Wykeham  on  his  part  agreed 
to  provide  at  his  own  expense  a  competent  assistant  master,  I 
quote  the  contract  from  Wykeham's  Register.  It  is  unfortu- 
nately silent  upon  two  points  on  which  we  should  like  a  little 
information — the  extent  of  the  holidays,  if  any,  and  Herton's 
stipend  \ 

We  hear  no  more  of  Herton,  and  cannot  tell  how  the  school 
throve  under  him,  or  whether  it  was  kept  open  during  the 
period  of  Wykeham's  political  disgrace  in  1376-7  '^     I  imagine 

*  In  Dei  nomine  amen.  Anno  ab  Incarnacione  domini  secundum  cursum  et 
computacionem  Ecclesie  Anglicane  millesimo  trecentesimo  septuagesimo  tercio, 
indiccione  undecima.  mensis  Septembris  die  prima,  pontificatus  sanctissimi  in 
Christo  patris  et  domini  nostri  Gregorii  divina  providencia  Pape  undecimi  anno 
tercio,  constitutus  personaliter  coram  reverendo  patre  domino  Willelmo  Dei 
Gracia  Wynton.  Episcopo  in  aula  manerii  sui  de  Merewell  Wynton.  Dioceseos 
in  mei  notarii  publici  et  testium  subscriptorum  presencia  venerabilis  et  discretus 
vir  magister  Ricardus  de  Herton  gramaticus  certam  convencionem  cum  eodem 
Domino  Wynton.  Episcopo  fecit  iniit  et  firmavit  pro  hac  forma,  videlicet,  quod 
idem  Ricardus  per  decem  annos  incipiendos  in  festo  St.  Michaelis  proximd 
futuro  instruct  et  informabit  sub  hac  forma  pauperes  scolares  quos  dictus 
dominus  Episcopus  suis  sumptibus  exhibet  et  exhibebit  fideliter  et  diligenter  in 
arte  gramatica,  et  nullos  alios  sine  licencia  dicti  patris  ad  doctrinam  huiusmodi 
recipiet  per  tempus  predictum  :  excepit  tamen  tempus  infirmitatis  sue  et  tem- 
pus  quo  curiam  romanam  semel  visitabit  suis  propriis  sumptibus,  et  per  idem 
tempus  alium  virum  suflScientem  et  ydoneum  pro  doctrina  dictorum  scolarium 
substituet  loco  suo.  Ad  hec  convenit  cum  dicto  patre  quod  idem  pater 
inveniet  et  exhibebit  sibi  unum  alium  virum  ydoneum  qui  eum  poterit 
adjuvare  in  labore  discipline  scolarium  predictorum.  Hec  promisit  firmiter 
idem  magister  Ricardus  cum  omni  diligencia  perficere  et  implere ;  et  super 
firmitate  illius  convencionis  tenende  et  servande  idem  Magister  Ricardus  per 
manum  suam  dextram  in  manu  dextra  dicti  patris  expresse  posuit  et  dedit  fidem 
suafcn  ad  premissa  omnia  perficienda  in  forma  supradicta.  Acta  sunt  hec  anno 
indiccione  mense  die  pontificatu  et  loco  prenotatis  presentibus  discretis  viris 
magistris  Johanne  de  Bukyngham  canonico  Ebor.  et  dominis  Joh.  de  Cam- 
peden  Canonico  Ecclesie  Suthwellensis  Ebor.  dioces.  et  Henrico  de  Thorp  ac 
Johanne  de  Keleseye,  notariis  publicis,  testibus  ad  premissa  rogatis  specialiter 
et  vocatis.     Reg.  HI.  a  98. 

*  Probably  not,  for  we  know  from  the  chronicles  that  his  school  at  Oxford 


The  Foundation.  3 

that  Wykeham's  application  to  the  Pope  was  made  as  soon  as 
he  was  restored  to  favour  at  Court.  The  Bull  granting  it  bore 
date  June  i,  1378.  It  reached  Wykeham  when  he  was  intent 
on  his  design  for  New  College,  and  was  put  aside  until  the  first 
stone  was  laid  there  \  He  then  ^  placed  the  Bull  in  the  hands 
of  Roger  de  le  Chambre,  a  confidential  body-servant'',  with  in- 
structions to  deliver  it  forthwith  to  the  Bishop  of  Rochester, 
Thomas  de  Brinton,  who  was  named  the  Pope's  delegate  for 
the  special  purpose  of  granting  the  license.  Away  went  Roger 
de  le  Chambre  from  Southwark,  where  Wykeham  was  at  the 
time,  along  the  road  traversed  by  the  Canterbury  pilgrims,  and 
crossing  the  Straits,  found  the  Bishop  at  Guisnes,  and  obtained 
the  license  on  May  9,  1380  \ 

The  next  step  was  to  obtain  the  concession  from  Richard  II. 
Having,  we  may  be  sure,  obtained  a  promise  of  this,  Wykeham 
saw  no  great  occasion  to  move  further  in  the  matter,  until  he 
had  secured  the  site  on  which  he  meant  to  build.  The  royal 
license  to  found  the  college  bears  date  October  6,  1382.  It 
empowers  Wykeham  to  acquire  the  site  and  build  a  hall  or 
college  to  the  honour  and  glory  of  God  and  Our  Lady;  to  settle 
in  it  a  warden  and  seventy  scholars,  who  should  study  grammar 
within  its  walls ;  to  grant  them  a  charter ;  to  vest  the  site  in 
them  and  their  successors  ;  and  endow  them  with  the  rectory  of 
Downton  in  Wiltshire,  the  Statute  of  Mortmain  notwithstand- 
ing ^  Within  a  fortnight  after  the  date  of  this  license,  Wyke- 
ham completed  the  purchase  of  the  site,  and  published  the 
Charter  of  Foundation,  dated  October  20,  1382  *.  In  an 
eloquent  preamble  Wykeham  affirms  his  belief  in  the  import- 
ance of  free  education  in  Latin  to  the  sons  of  poor  people ;  a 
knowledge  of  Latin  being  (he  says)  the  janua  et  origo  omnium 
liberalium  artium,  which  many  poor  students  have  failed  to  reach 
solely  from  lack  of  means.  He  then  founds  the  College,  nomi- 
nating Thomas   de   Cranle^   first  warden,  admitting  seventy 

was  closed  during  that  period,  and  the  scholars  sent  home.  Introd.  Chron. 
Angl.  App.  B,  p.  Hi,  quoted  by  Moberiy,  p.  137. 

^  March  5,  1379-80.  *  May  6,  1380.  '  Appendix  I. 

*  Appendix  II.  *  Appendix  III.  •  Appendix  IV. 

'  Or  Cranlegh,  a  Fellow  of  New  College.  He  resigned  in  1389,  and  John 
Westcote  succeeded  him.  Cranlegh  became  Warden  of  New  College  in  1397, 
and  Archbishop  of  Dublin  in  the  following  year.  Henry  IV  made  him  Chan- 
cellor, and  Henry  V  made  him  Chief  Justice  of  Ireland.     Returning  home  in 

B  a 


4  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

scholars  \  and  incorporating  the  warden  and  them  by  the  name 
of  'Seinte  Marie  College  of  Wynchestre^/  with  a  common  seal, 
to  live  together  in  collegiate  fashion  (collegialiter),  obeying  the 
statutes  and  holding  the  site  in  frankalmoign  ^  of  Wykeham 
and  his  successors  in  the  See  of  Winchester. 

This  completed  the  work  of  foundation.  With  the  object  of 
strengthening  the  position  of  the  College  and  benefiting  its 
members,  Wykeham  obtained  twelve  Bulls  from  Boniface  IX, 
who  succeeded  Urban  VI  in  1389 : — 

I.  A  Bull  enabling  the  Warden  to  hold  a  benefice  with  cure 
of  souls  in  addition  to  the  Wardenship.  Urban  VI  had  granted 
the  same  privilege  to  the  Warden  of  New  College. 

II.  A  Bull  enabling  the  Warden  and  scholars  to  let  their 
lands  on  lease. 

III.  A  Bull  granting  the  right  of  free  sepulture  within  the 
College.  Boniface  IX  had  granted  the  same  right  to  New 
College. 

IV.  A  Bull  enabling  the  Warden  to  exchange  one  benefice 
for  another. 

V.  A  Bull  allowing  the  Warden  and  scholars  to  have  masses 
performed  cum  notd  et  altd  voce,  and  the  sacraments  administered 
within  the  precincts  of  the  College. 

VI.  A  Bull  declaring  that  all  oblations,  legacies,  &c.,  given  to 
the  Warden  and  scholars  do  and  shall  de  jure  belong  to  them 
and  not  to  the  diocesan. 

ill-health,  he  died  at  Faringdon  in  1417,  and  was  buried  in  New  College 
Chapel. 

*  Whose  names,  he  says,  are  recorded  in  the  archives  of  the  College,  where 
alas,  they  are  not  now  to  be  found.  The  existing  register  commences  with  the 
names  of  the  seventy  scholars  whom  Wykeham  admitted  on  the  morning  of 
the  opening  day  in  1393. 

"  *  The  warden  and  scholars-clerks  of  St.  Mary  College  of  Winchester  near 
Winchester'  is  the  present  corporate  name,  the  words  'near  Winchester* 
being  added  to  distinguish  Wiuchester  College  from  the  other  St.  Mary  College 
of  Winchester  in  Oxford,  which  is  more  commonly  called  New  College  now,  just 
as  Winchester  College  was  called  down  to  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
The  real  corporate  name  was  of  importance  ;  for  an  error  in  it  might  lead  to 
serious  consequences.  In  i  Eliz.  a  lease  by  Eton  College  was  held  to  be  void 
by  all  the  judges  for  no  other  reason  than  that  a  puritanical  generation  had 
purposely  omitted  the  words  '  beatae  Mariae '  from  the  corporate  name  of  the 
college.     See  Eaton  College  Case,  Dyer,  Rep.  150  a. 

^  Or  free  alms,  the  tenure  by  which  the  Church  holds  most  of  its  lands. 


The  Foundation.  5 

VII.  A  Bull  enabling  the  Warden  and  scholars  to  retain  all 
oblations  and  burial  fees  made  and  received  within  the  precincts 
of  the  College. 

VIII.  A  Bull  empowering  the  Warden  and  scholars  to  have 
a  belfry  and  bells. 

IX.  A  Bull  declaring  that  the  chapel  and  graveyard  of  the 
College  may  be  purified  or  *  reconciled '  from  any  manner  of 
canonical  defilement  by  any  clerk  in  holy  orders  without  the 
intervention  of  the  diocesan,  provided  that  the  holy  water  has 
been  blessed  by  him  or  some  other  bishop. 

X.  A  Bull  granting  one  hundred  days  relaxation  of  penances 
and  an  indulgence  and  remission  of  forty  years  to  all  who  should 
visit  the  chapel  or  lend  helping  hands  (manus  ad  fabricam  et 
eius  consecracionem  porrexerint  adjutrices)  to  the  completion 
and  maintenance  of  the  fabric. 

XI.  A  Bull  permitting  the  Warden  and  members  of  the 
foundation  to  receive  holy  orders  at  the  hands  of  any  bishop. 

XII.  A  Bull  granting  to  the  College  in  view  of  its  object,  the 
advancement  of  learning  and  religion,  all  manors,  advowsons, 
lands  and  tenements  in  England  belonging  to  the  monasteries 
of  Tiron  and  Mont  St.  Katherine  near  Rouen,  the  whole  ex- 
ceeding the  yearly  value  of  three  hundred  marks  (£200  per 
annum),  with  a  proviso  that  compensation  should  be  given  if 
and  whenever  the  monasteries  should  return  to  their  alle- 
giance. 

The  great  Western  schism  was  raging  at  the  time.  There 
was  a  pope  (Boniface  IX)  at  Rome,  and  another  (Clement  VII) 
at  Avignon.  Richard  II  sided  with  him  of  Rome\  The 
French  religious  houses,  as  a  rule,  sided  with  him  of  Avignon. 
It  was  to  punish  these  Frenchmen  for  siding  with  one  whom 
Boniface  IX  unamiably  calls  in  this  Bull  '  Robertus  Basilice 
XII  apostolorum  presbyter  cardinalis,  iniquitatis  alumpnus,* 
as  well  as  to  confer  a  benefit  on  Wykeham's  foundation,  that 
Boniface  IX  issued  this  Bull.  Wykeham  accepted  it ;  but  paid 
the  price  asked  for  the  estates  of  the  monasteries  notwithstand- 
ing ^     In  grateful  remembrance,  no  doubt,  of  the  fact  that  they 

*  Cf.  Stat.  2  Ric.  II,  i,  7,  declaring  that  Urban  VI  was  duly  chosen  Pope  and 
ought  to  be  accepted  and  obeyed  as  such,  *  See  Chapter  III. 


6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

owed  the  acquisition  of  the  property  of  these  monasteries  to  the 
Western  schism,  the  Society  made  a  subscription  in  the  year 
1478  to  a  fund  which  was  being  then  raised  with  the  object  of 
promoting  the  union  of  the  churches  of  England  and  France  : — 
*  In  allocat.  bursariis  de  debito  Joh.  Okeborne  xx^  solut.  per 
eosdem  ad  subsidium  cleri  existentis  ultra  mare  pro  unione  ec- 
clesie  facienda,'  is  the  entry  in  the  computus  of  that  year. 

These  Bulls  are  no  longer  to  be  found  in  the  muniment  room, 
where  they  seem  to  have  been  at  the  time  when  Charles  Black- 
stone  compiled  his  MS.  Book  of  Benefactions  rather  more  than 
a  century  ago.  Copies  of  the  first  and  third  Bull,  and  of  nine 
others  granted  to  New  College  by  Urban  VI  and  Boniface  IX, 
are  still  preserved  there. 


CHAPTER    II. 
The  Site. 

Why  chosen. — Its  extent. — Boundaries. — The  Prior's  Garret. — The  Sustern 
Spital. — The  Lockburn. — Former  owners  of  the  site. — The  litigious  tailor. — ■ 
Provision  against  incumbrances. — Contract  with  the  monks  of  St,  Swithun. 

The  site  was  wisely  chosen  in  the  Soke  or  suburb  of  Win- 
chester, without  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation^, 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  as  lord  of 
the  Soke  Liberty,  and  not  more  than  a  bowshot  from  Wolvesey 
Castle,  one  of  Wykeham's  numerous  residences.  The  original 
site  contains  nearly  five  acres.  The  site  of  New  College,  within 
the  ancient  walls  of  Oxford  which  bound  its  north  and  east 
sides,  contains  upwards  of  six  acres.  The  greater  part  of  the 
site  of  Winchester  College  was  bought  of  the  monks  of  St. 
Swithun,  the  great  Benedictine  Priory  environing  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  Winchester.  From  the  monks  of  this  convent 
Wykeham  acquired  a  messuage,  an  acre  and  a  half  of  garden 
ground  (terrae),  and  a  meadow  of  three  acres,  which  was 
divided  at  the  time  by  a  fence  running  east  and  west  into 
two  paddocks  or  closes,  known  as  Dumeres  mede  and  Oter- 
bornes  mede,  after  Dummer  and  Otterborne,  their  occupiers  at 
some  former  period.  The  purchase  deed  or  feoffment  '*,  which 
is  dated  October  lo,  1382,  describes  this  portion  of  the  site  as 
bounded  by  the  precinct  of  the  Sustrene  Spitele  or  Sustern 
Spital  on  the  west,  the  garden  and  closes  of  the  Carmelite 
Friars  inhabiting  King's  Gate  Street  on  the  south,  and  the 
*  Priores  garet  *  and  monks'  private  way  to  Priors  Barton  on 
the  east.  The  highway  from  the  King's  Gate  to  Wolvesey 
bounded  it  on  the  north,  but  the  fact  is  not  stated  in  the  feofF- 

*  Thus  escaping  the  octroi  levied  on  goods  entering  the  city  gates. 
"  Appendix  V. 


8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

ment,  probably  because  it  was  a  matter  of  notoriety.  The 
Sustern  Spital,  or  Sisters'  Hospital,  an  ancient  foundation  of 
Sisters  of  Mercy  dependent  on  the  Priory  of  St.  Swithun,  stood 
where  Commoners  now  stands.  The  division  between  it  and 
the  western  boundary  of  the  land  which  Wykeham  acquired 
from  the  monks  was  (and  still  is)  marked  by  a  drain  or  sewer, 
then  open,  now  covered,  called  the  Lockburn  \  This  historic 
stream  issues  from  the  close  under  the  house  occupied  by  the 
subwarden,  Mr.  Gilbert  Heathcote,  crosses  College  Street,  runs 
under  the  old  slaughter-house  at  the  western  end  of  the  brew- 
house,  and  so  southwards  past  the  principal  buildings  of  Chamber 
Court,  ultimately  joining  the  river  which  it  left  some  way  above 
the  city^ 

The  convent  of  Carmelite  Friars  stood  on  the  site  of  Sick- 
house.  Its  garden  and  closes  form  Sickhouse  mead  and  the 
southern  portion  of  Meads ;  and  its  graveyard  lay  where  the 
racquet  court  and  gymnasium  stand  now.  The  Prior's  Garret — 
le  Garite  it  is  sometimes  called — was  at  the  north-eastern  corner 
of  the  site,  at  the  foot  of  the  bridge  in  College  Street.  It  seems 
to  have  been  a  loft  ^  over  a  doorway  in  a  structure  of  some  kind 

^  Vulgarly  '  Logpond.'  The  word  occurs  in  the  Bursars'  books,  e.  g.  '  pro 
purgando  ly  lokborne  iii'^ '  as  early  as  the  year  1584.  '  Le  Logborne'  occurs 
in  the  accounts  of  1649.  '  Lock'  is  '  lake,'  a  running  stream.  Locally,  '  Lady 
Lake '  is  the  name  of  a  stream  in  the  confines  of  Wolvesey.  The  little  streams 
which  remain  at  low  tide  in  Portsmouth  harbour  are  called  '  lakes.'  Lacus  is 
the  word  used  in  the  computus  rolls.  The  *  lacus  exterior,'  the  open  ditch 
along  the  north  side  of  College  Street,  was  dug  in  1495  for  the  purpose  of 
flushing  the  Lockburn.  '  Sol.  H.  Zilforde  et  Robto.  Awdley  laborant.  in 
rammyng  in  le  flodegate  in  lacu  exteriori  per  ij  dies,  xij^'  is  an  entry  in  that 
year's  computus,  referring  to  the  hatch  nearly  opposite  Commoner  Gate. 
*  Lurteborne,'  the  name  for  the  Lockburn  in  the  agreement  quoted  in  the  next 
note  is  meaningless,  and  must  surely  be  an  error  of  the  scribe. 

^  An  indenture  made  December  3,  1398,  between  Wykeham  and  the  Prior 
(Thomas  Nevyle)  of  St.  Swithun,  in  the  presence  of  Roger,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  and  Legate  of  the  Holy  See,  for  the  purpose  of  adjusting  divers 
matters  in  dispute,  contains  the  following  clause  : — '  Whereas  a  watercourse 
called  Lurteborne  running  from  the  city  of  Winchester  under  the  dormitory, 
cloisters,  cellar,  brewhouse,  kitchen,  and  court  of  the  Priory,  is  often  made  the 
receptacle  of  dung,  carcases,  and  putrid  entrails  which  are  thrown  into  it  in 
the  city  and  offices  of  the  Priory  to  the  great  nuisance  and  danger  of  the 
bishop  as  well  as  of  inhabitants  and  wayfarers,  and  contrary  to  the  laws  of  the 
realm — It  is  agreed  that  the  Prior  and  Convent  shall  place  an  iron  grating  at 
the  point  where  the  stream  issues  from  the  close  sufficient  to  prevent  any  of 
the  aforesaid  nuisances  from  passing  out  of  the  close.' 

^  Resembling,  possibly,  the  loft  over  the  outer  or  entrance  gateway  of  St.  Cross 


The  Site.  9 

or  other,  probably  a  dead  wall,  as  it  is  nowhere  particularly 
described.  In  the  time  of  Edward  I,  the  house  of  Peter  the 
Cobbler  stood  there  ;  but  in  Wykeham's  time  it  was  much  as  I 
have  described  it.  Facing  this  doorway  was  another  in  the  wall 
of  the  Close.  These  doorways  opened  on  a  path  which  ran 
along  the  western  side  of  the  '  riparia '  or  mill-stream  to  the 
manks'  grange  at  Prior's  Barton.  It  was  their  private  way  to 
their  home  farm,  by  means  of  which  they  avoided  passing  under 
the  King's  Gate  with  its  unpleasant  associations \ 

Next  College  Street,  between  it  and  the  ground  acquired  from 
the  monks  of  St.  Swithun,  stood  in  1382  a  row  of  houses 
extending  from  the  precincts  of  the  Sustern  Spital  to  the  Prior's 
Garret.  The  first  of  these  houses,  counting  from  the  Prior's 
Garret  (which  apparently  remained  the  property  of  the  monks), 
Wykeham  bought  of  a  man  named  Thomas  Lucas,  alias  Tanner'^ 
It  belonged  temp.  Edward  I  to  Drogo  (Drew)  the  Cellarer, 
who  had  it  by  descent  or  purchase  from  Isabel  Garlek.  From 
Drew  the  Cellarer  it  went  to  his  son  William,  who  was  hostiarius 
cellarii  et  refectorii  to  the  convent  of  St.  Swithun.  In  15  Edward 
III,  it  belonged  to  John  de  Meones,  a  carpenter  by  trade  ;  whose 
will  devising  it  to  his  widow  is  dated  April  14,  1341.  His  widow 
sold  it  to  Roger  le  Archer,  of  Sparkford  ^  Roger  le  Archer's 
devisees  sold  it  to  William  atte  Hole,  who  parted  with  it  to  Lucas 
in  49  Edward  III.  Wykeham  acquired  this  house,  and  the 
one  next  to  it^,  on  October  13,  1382.  A  man  named 
Lavyngton  was  the  vendor  of  the  last-mentioned  house.  It 
belonged  to  Ralph  de  Antioch — one  who  had  a  crusader  in  his 

Hospital.  I  see  no  reason  to  suppose  that  it  was  a  watch  tower,  as  has  been 
suggested. 

'  A  year  or  so  before  the  battle  of  Evesham,  the  monks  of  St.  Swithuu 
treacherously  let  the  forces  of  young  Simon  de  Montfort  into  the  Close  through 
a  window  in  the  wall,  and  they  sacked  the  city.  After  the  battle  of  Evesham 
(August  4,  1265),  the  citizens'  turn  came,  and  they  forced  the  monks  to  enter 
into  a  solemn  covenant  admitting  'the  treason  they  had  been  guilty  of,  and 
binding  themselves  and  their  successors  in  memory  of  it  to  keep  in  repair  for 
ever  afterwards  the  South  and  King's  gates  of  the  city,  together  with  the 
drawbridge  (pons  versatilis)  at  the  former  gate.  The  indenture  of  covenant, 
dated  on  St.  Edmund's  Day  (November  20),  1266,  and  sealed  by  the  monks  of 
St.  Swithun,  exists  in  the  archives  of  the  city  of  Winchester. 

*  Appendix  VI. 

*  The  real  name  of  the  village  a  mile  south  of  Winchester  commonly  called 
St.  Cross,  after  the  famous  hospital  there  founded  by  Henry  de  Blois. 

*  Appendix  VH. 


10  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

family  perhaps — temp.  Edward  I,  and  afterwards  to  Antony 
de  Saulton,  of  whom  Lavyngton  bought  it.  Next  to  this  house 
stood  a  block  of  three  houses  ^  belonging  to  the  See  of  Win- 
chester, which  Wykeham  was  empowered  by  the  charter  to 
annex  to  the  College.  These  houses  were  held  of  the  bishop  by 
Roger  Halyborne  and  Maud,  his  wife,  for  their  respective  lives 
at  that  time.  The  first  of  them  seems  to  have  been  in  the 
occupation  of  Antony  de  Saulton,  the  others  were  void,  the 
tenants  having  doubtless  had  notice  to  quit.  Last  of  the  row, 
separated  from  the  precinct  of  the  Sustern  Spital  by  the  Lock- 
burn,  stood  the  house  which  Wykeham  acquired  from  the 
monks  of  St.  Swithun.  I  pause  here  to  tell  the  true  story  of 
the  litigious  tailor,  which  Moberly  criticizes  with  justice.  It 
originated  in  a  misapprehension  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Charles 
Blackstone,  who  was  a  painstaking  antiquarian,  but  no  lawyer, 
and  Cockerell  gave  it  currency.  The  facts  are  these.  The 
meadows  which  Wykeham  acquired  from  the  monks  had  been 
granted  by  them  at  some  former  time,  most  likely  for  lives,  to 
Amice,  the  wife  of  Drew  the  Cellarer.  Her  interest,  whatever 
its  nature  may  have  been,  descended  through  her  daughter, 
Parnel  (Petronilla)  Pershore,  to  her  granddaughter  Agnes 
Deverose,  the  wife  of  the  tailor.  She  was  in  possession,  and 
consequently  had  to  be  bought  out  before  Wykeham  could 
build.  The  price  paid  for  her  interest — £20— was  high;  it 
generally  is  under  similar  circumstances.  The  so-called  liti- 
gation was  merely  the  levying  of  the  necessary  fine  —  a 
fictitious  action  commenced  and  then  compromised  by  leave 
of  the  court — which  was  in  use  until  the  fourth  year  of  the 
reign  of  William  IV  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  a  married 
woman  to  alienate  her  interest  in  real  estate  \     The  proceedings 

1  They  are  described  in  the  title-deeds  as  '  near  the  flodestok.'  This  flood- 
stock  was  a  hatch  in  the  river  hard  by  the  present  bridge  in  College  Street,  by 
means  of  which  Dummers  Mede  and  Otterborne's  Mede  were  irrigated  at  the 
time  when  Wykeham  bought  them. 

*  I  cannot  resist  quoting  the  statute  i8  Ed.  I,  c.  4,  modus  levandi  fines  : — 
*  When  the  writ  original  is  delivered  in  presence  of  the  parties  before  the  jus- 
tices, a  pleader  shall  say  this,  '  Sir  Justice  leave  to  agree,'  and  the  Justice  shall 
say  to  him  What  saith  Sir  R.  ?  and  shall  name  one  of  the  parties.  And  when 
they  be  agreed  of  the  sum  of  money  that  must  be  given  to  the  King,  then  the 
Justice  shall  say  "  Cry  the  Peace."  And  after  the  Pleader  shall  say,  "  The 
Peace  licensed  unto  you  is  such  that  William  and  Alice  his  wife  (the  vendors) 
that  here  be  do  acknowledge  the  manor  of  B.  with  the  appurtenances  contained 


The  Site.  it 

were  friendly  throughout,  and  the  fact  of  Deverose's  name 
occurring  in  the  rolls  for  many  years  afterwards  as  the  recipient 
of  small  sums  of  money  out  of  charity  seems  to  show  that  this 
windfall  did  him  no  good,  and  that  the  Society  bore  no  malice 
against  him\  He  was  occasionally  a  guest  in  Hall  before  he 
became  an  object  of  charity,  but  always  at  the  servants'  table. 

Wykeham  at  one  time  owned  the  rest  of  the  south  side  of 
College  Street,  but  it  was  not  wanted  for  the  purposes  of  the 
foundation,  and  passed  into  other  hands  at  his  death  ^ 

The  site  thus  acquired  was  incumbered  to  a  degree  which 
seems  hardly  credible.  Dumeres  mede  rendered  a  quit  rent  of 
one  mark  (13s.  40?.)  yearly  to  the  See  of  Winchester ;  Oter- 
borne  mede  paid  a  modus  in  lieu  of  tithe  to  the  College  of  St. 
Elizabeth,  on  the  other  side  of  the  mill-stream ;  and  the 
Bishop's  three  houses  paid  a  chief  rent  of  13s.  id.  yearly  to  the 
Convent,  which  sum,  however,  was  a  perquisite  by  custom  of 
the  almoner,  infirmarer,  and  head  cook  of  the  Priory  *.     Wyke- 

in  the  writ  to  be  the  right  of  R.  as  that  which  he  hath  of  their  gift,  to  have  and 
to  hold  to  him  and  his  heirs  of  the  said  William  and  Alice,  and  the  heirs  of 
Alice,  as  in  demesne,  with  the  rents,  seigniories,  courts,  pleas,  purchases,  wards, 
marriages,  reliefs,  escheats,  mills,  advowsons  of  churches,  and  all  other  fran- 
chises and  free  customs  to  the  said  manor  belonging,  paying  yearly  to  N.  and  his 
heirs,  chief  Lords  of  the  fee,  the  services  due  and  accustomed  for  all  services. 
And  if  a  woman  covert  be  one  of  the  parties,  then  she  must  first  be  examined  bj' 
the  said  four  justices ;  and  if  she  does  not  assent  to  the  fine,  it  shall  not  be 
levied.  And  the  cause  wherefore  such  solemnity  ought  to  be  done  in  a  fine  is, 
because  a  fine  is  so  high  a  bar,  of  so  great  force  and  of  so  strong  nature,  that 
it  concludeth  not  only  such  as  be  parties  and  privies  to  the  fine,  and  their  heirs, 
but  all  other  people  in  the  world,  being  in  full  age,  out  of  prison,  of  whole 
memory,  and  within  the  four  seas  the  day  of  the  fine  levied ;  if  they  make  not 
the  claim  of  their  action  within  a  year  and  a  day.' 

^  '  In  dato  Thome  Deverose  scissori  Wynton.  nomine  collegii  intuitu  charita- 
tis  hoc  anno  viij"* ...  in  dato  Thome  Deverose  pauperi  ex  clemencia  per  vices 
hoc  anno  viij"','  are  entries  in  the  accounts  for  1414  and  1415  respectively. 

*  He  had  bought  the  corner  house,  now  Mrs.  CotterelFs,  of  William  Asshe- 
welle  and  Alice  his  wife.  Three  messuages  and  a  garden  between  that  house 
and  the  garden  of  the  Sustern  Spital  were  bought  by  his  agents,  Nicholas 
Wykeham,  Thomas  Cranlegh,  and  William  Ryngeborne,  and  transferred  to 
Wykeham  in  1393.  These  three  messuages,  and  this  garden  may  be  identified 
with  Nos.  8  to  15  College  Street. 

'  It  appears  by  the  Chamberlain's  Rolls  in  the  cathedral  archives  that  the 
exact  sum  was  135.  o|rf.,  payable 

5.    d. 

To  the  almoner 9    4 

To  the  infirmarer 36 

To  the  cook o    ^j 

13    o| 


1-2  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

ham  was  determined  that  the  site  of  his  future  college  should 
be  free  from  incumbrances,  and  that  no  act  of  his  should  impair 
the  revenues  of  the  see.  Accordingly  by  an  indenture  dated 
June  15,  1383/  after  a  preamble  expressing  that  determination, 
Wykeham  made  over  to  the  Convent  some  property  in  the 
parish  of  West  Meon/  as  a  consideration  for  the  site  being  for 
ever  discharged  from  and  indemnified  against  incumbrances. 
Two  years  later  the  monks  of  St.  Swithun  carried  out  their 
part  of  the  agreement  by  granting  to  the  Provost  and  Chap- 
lains of  St.  Elizabeth's  College  a  rent  service  of  25.  yearly  in 
lieu  of  the  tithe  on  Oterbornes  mede  ^.  Wykeham  indemnified 
the  see  against  the  loss  of  the  chief  rent  on  Dumeres  mede  by 
annexing  to  it  lands  of  equal  annual  value.  Thus  was  the  site 
made  free  from  incumbrances,  as  Wykeham  intended.  I  am 
sorry  to  have  to  record  that  in  the  year  1622  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Winchester  claimed  a  quit  rent  of  los.  on  the  site, 
on  the  authority  of  an  entry  in  their  register  {in  lihro  dotnus  suae), 
and  the  college  authorities  were  simple  enough  to  pay  it.  This 
chief  rent  is  now  collected  by  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners. 

Another  indenture,  dated  November  10,  1393,  between 
Wykeham  and  the  warden  and  scholars  of  the  one  part,  and 
the  prior  and  convent  of  the  other,  contains — 

(i)  A  release  by  the  latter  body  of  all  claims  on  the  site. 

(2)  A  grant  to  the  warden  and  scholars  of  leave  to  make  and 
use  gutters,  gullies,  and  spouts  (gutteras,  voragines,  et  stillici- 
dia)  in,  under,  and  across  the  path  leading  from  le  Garite  to 
Prior's  Barton,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  away  the  rain  water 
from  the  new  buildings. 

(3)  An  undertaking  on  the  part  of  the  prior  and  convent  not 
to  do  or  sanction  any  damage  to  the  fabric  and  appurtenances 


*  Appendix  VIII. 

'  Two  messuages,  three  tofts,  two  carucates  of  arable  land,  five  acres  of 
meadow,  two  acres  of  pasture,  twenty-eight  acres  of  wood,  a  rent  of  i  is.  yearly, 
another  rent  of  a  rose,  and  one  man's  service  in  autumn,  with  the  reversion  ex- 
pectant on  the  death  of  Elizabeth  Langrysh,  William  atte  Halle's  wddow,  to  two 
other  messuages,  two  tofts,  sixty  acres  of  arable  land,  twelve  acres  of  pasture, 
an  acre  of  meadow,  an  acre  of  wood,  and  a  yearly  rent  of  3s.  4^. 

*  The  deed  by  the  provost  and  chaplains  accepting  this  rent  service  in  sub- 
stitution for  the  tithe  on  Dumeres  mede  is  in  the  possession  of  Winchester  Col- 
lege. It  is  dated  August  2,  7  Ric.  II,  and  has  a  splendid  example  of  the 
common  seal  of  St.  Elizabeth's  College  attached  to  it. 


77!^  Site.  13 

of  the  College  on  that,  the  east,  side  of  it,  and  particularly  not 
to  do  any  injury  to  the  foundations  by  digging  too  near 
them. 

(4)  A  grant  of  leave  to  make  use  of  this  path  for  the  purpose 
of  drawing  water,  and  carting  timber,  stone,  mortar,  and  other 
materials  ;  also  to  erect  scaffolding  there  when  required.  And 
a  grant  of  permission  to  enter  and  be  on  this  path,  and  (except 
after  dark)  in  the  precincts  of  the  Sustern  Spital,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  recovering  any  tools  or  other  things  which  might  fall  or 
be  thrown  there;  with  a  stipulation  that  the  warden  should 
have  a  key  of  the  postern  under  le  Garite,  and  not  be  account- 
able during  the  progress  of  building  operations  for  any  damage 
other  than  wilful  to  the  trees  growing  along  the  path  \ 

(5)  An  undertaking  by  the  prior  and  convent  not  to  plant 
any  trees  along  the  path  which  might  damage  the  foundations  of 
the  building,  and  not  to  allow  any  trees  growing  there  to  obstruct 
the  access  of  light  to  the  windows  or  injure  the  glass. 

(6)  An  undertaking  by  the  warden  and  scholars  to  allow  the 
servants  and  workmen  of  the  convent  free  ingress  by  the  said 
path  ^  for  the  purpose  of  doing  necessary  repairs  to  the  Sustern 
Spital. 

*  This  is  the  last  allusion  to  the  path  to  Prior's  Barton.  It  must  have  been 
stopped  up  soon  after  the  building  was  finished,  as  it  is  treated  as  no  longer 
existing  in  an  acquittance  by  Prior  Thomas  Nevyle  dated  in  the  year  1398, 

*  This  would  enable  them  to  get  round  the  College  buildings  to  the  rear  of 
the  Sustern  Spital. 


CHAPTER  III. 
The    Endowment. 

Down  ton. — Eling. — CoombeBisset. — Durrington. — Fernhamsdean. — Ropley. — 
Meonstoke. — Alien  Priories. — Felons'  goods,  deodands,  &c. — Adequacy  of 
the  provision. — No  surplus  contemplated. 

The  first  step  in  the  direction  of  a  permanent  provision  for 
the  maintenance  of  Wykeham's  poor  scholars  was  taken  more 
than  a  year  before  the  College  was  founded.  By  a  charter 
dated  May  4,  1380,  Wykeham  appropriated  the  Church  of 
Downton  near  Salisbury  to  his  own  table  (mensae  episcopali). 
A  separate  account  was  to  be  kept  of  the  income,  so  that  it 
might  be  applied  in  boarding  the  boys  whom  Wykeham 
educated.  The  Church  of  Downton,  i.e.  the  advowson,  glebe, 
and  tithe,  belonged  to  the  See  of  Winchester.  Kenwald,  King 
of  the  West  Saxons,  gave  it  to  that  see,  and  to  that  see  it 
continued  to  belong  after  the  creation  of  the  See  of  Sarum, 
rendering  however  a  '  pension '  or  yearly  payment  of  3s.  /\.d.  to 
the  bishop  of  the  latter  diocese  in  recognition  of  his  spiritual 
supremacy  \  The  Bishop  of  Winchester  presented  the  in- 
cumbents, and  made  them  Rectors  of  Downton  by  allowing  them 
to  receive  the  tithe  for  their  own  use.  The  last  rector  having 
died  or  resigned  in  the  year  1380,  Wykeham  appropriated  the 
benefice  with  the  sanction  of  the  Crown  and  the  Pope,  in  the 
way  already  stated.  This  appropriation  of  the  profits  of  the 
benefice  to  secular  purposes  rendered  it  necessary  that  a  vicar- 
age or  *  congrua  porcio  '  should  be  secured  to  the  next  incumbent 

*  This  pension  continues  to  be  paid  unto  this  day,  the  Ecclesiastical  Com- 
missioners being  the  recipients. 


The  Endowment.  15 

and  his  successors.  The  law  of  the  land  did  not  render  this 
necessary,  inasmuch  as  the  Statutes  of  Vicarages  (15  Ric.  II,  c. 
6,  and  4  Hen.  IV,  c.  12)  had  not  yet  been  enacted,  but  the  law 
of  the  Church  required  it.  Accordingly  we  find  Wykeham 
appointing  a  prelate  whom  we  have  heard  of  already,  the  Bishop 
of  Rochester,  to  determine  what  the  provision  should  be.  His 
award  (ordinatio)  bears  date  May  18,  1383.  Under  it  the  in- 
cumbent got  his  '  congrua  porcio  '  in  the  shape  of  his  house,  and 
the  small  tithe  of  the  parish,  and  the  right  to  all  oblations  at  the 
altar  of  the  parish  church,  and  was  to  bear  all  burdens  except 
the  repairs  of  the  chancel,  and  the  pension  of  3s.  \d.  to  the 
Bishop  of  Salisbury.  Having  seen  the  spiritual  necessities  of 
the  parish  adequately  provided  for  in  this  manner,  the  Bishop  of 
Salisbury  (Ralph  Ergham,  1375-88)  and  the  respective  Chapters 
of  Salisbury  and  Winchester  gave  their  formal  consent  to 
the  appropriation,  and  Wykeham's  object  was  attained  \ 
Nicholas  de  Alresford,  the  first  vicar,  was  instituted  forthwith, 
and  a  'farmer'  or  resident  agent  was  appointed  to  receive  the 
great  tithe  and  manage  the  demesne  on  behalf  of  Wykeham. 
This  is  how  Downton  became  a  vicarage  ^ 

After  the  above  arrangement  with  regard  to  the  rents  and 
profits  of  the  appropriation  had  lasted  more  than  six  years. 


*  The  consent  of  the  Chapter  of  Winchester  was  necessary,  because  in  law 
the  temporalities  of  the  See  of  Winchester  were  regarded  as  held  of  them,  and 
could  not  be  alienated  without  their  consent. 

^  The  same  thing  occurred  at  Sydling  in  Dorsetshire.  King  Athelstan  gave 
the  church  there  to  Milton  Abbey,  which  he  founded  in  the  year  933,  as  a  pro- 
vision for  the  table  of  the  monks.  The  monks  presented  a  minister,  who 
received  the  tithe  as  rector  and  paid  a  pension  of  30s.  yearly  to  the  abbey. 
This  went  on  till  the  year  1313,  when  the  monks  sought  permission  to  appro- 
priate the  tithe  on  a  plea  of  poverty,  caused,  as  they  alleged,  by  losses  incurred 
through  the  tower  of  their  church  being  struck  by  lightning  and  their  church 
burnt,  circa  1312.  The  Bishop  of  Salisbury  (Simon  of  Ghent,  1292-1315) 
assented,  on  condition  that  a  vicarage  should  be  established.  This  could  not 
be  done  until  1333,  when  Richard  le  English,  the  last  rector,  died.  The  appro- 
priation then  took  place,  the  vicarage  being  endowed  with  the  parsonage 
house,  the  right  to  feed  so  many  cows,  sheep,  and  pigs  on  the  commons  of  the 
manor,  and  a  pension  of  jf  12  a  year  charged  on  the  tithe,  subject  to  the  obliga- 
tion of  keeping  in  repair  the  chancel  (an  unusual  stipulation)  and  the  ornaments 
of  the  church.  If,  however,  the  chancel  needed  to  be  re-built  through  any 
casualty  or  natural  decay,  the  monks  were  to  bear  two-thirds  of  the  cost  of  re- 
building it,  and  if  the  vicar  failed  to  bear  the  remaining  one-third,  they  might 
stop  it  out  of  the  pension. 


i6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Wykeham  put  an  end  to  it,  and  annexed  the  church  and  advow- 
son  to  the  College,  which  was  incorporated  by  this  time,  to  hold 
of  him  and  his  successors  in  pure  and  perpetual  alms.  The 
deed  of  grant  bears  date  September  i,  1385,  and  I  need  scarcely 
add  that  the  sanction  of  the  Crown  and  the  Pope  had  been 
regularly  obtained.  It  was  confirmed  by  the  prior  and  con- 
vent of  St.  Swithun  in  the  chapter  house  assembled  on  the 
fourth  of  the  following  month.  A  few  years  afterwards 
Wykeham  completed  the  transaction  by  annexing  to  his  see 
certain  lands  in  the  vill  of  Farnham,  which  he  had  caused  to 
be  thrown  into  the  park  of  his  castle  there,  as  compensation  for 
the  loss  of  the  income  from  the  church  of  Downton,  and  from 
the  churches  of  Adderbury  and  Steeple  Morden  which  he 
had  annexed  to  New  College.  The  deed  of  grant  bears  date 
June  8,  1392, 

Wykeham's  next  dotation  was  the  manor  of  Eling  near 
Southampton.  The  tenure  is  copyhold  of  inheritance,  with  this 
peculiarity,  that  lands  on  the  north  of  the  little  stream  called 
Bartley  Water,  which  intersects  the  manor  and  runs  into 
Southampton  Water  at  Eling  Mill,  descend  in  cases  of  in- 
testacy to  the  eldest  son,  whereas  lands  on  the  south  side  of 
the  stream  descend  in  like  cases  (with  certain  exceptions)  to  the 
youngest  son.  This  peculiarity  most  likely  arises  from  the  fact 
of  the  manor  being  a  consolidation  of  two  manors,  Eling  and 
Winsor  (Wyndesore),  with  customs  differing  in  this  respect. 
This  manor  is  held  of  the  Crown  in  capite.  Wykeham  acquired 
it  in  46  Edward  III  without  obtaining  letters  patent  authorizing 
the  alienation,  and  had  to  sue  out  a  pardon  under  the  Great 
Seal  for  the  omission  \ 

There  is  a  tradition  that  Wykeham  acquired  this  manor  as  a 
portion  for  his  niece  Alice,  who  became  the  wife  of  William 

^  Where  land  was  held  immediately  of  the  Crown,  an  intending  purchaser 
had  to  sue  out  a  writ  ad  quod  damnum,  as  it  was  called  ;  and  unless  the  sheriff 
made  return  that  the  alienation  would  be  no  loss  to  the  Crown,  a  license  to 
alienate  would  not  be  granted.  All  this  took  time,  and  cost  money ;  and  a 
purchaser  in  Wykeham's  high  position  may  very  likely  have  elected  to  take  the 
property  without  waiting  for  the  sheriff's  return  to  the  writ,  in  confidence  that 
he  would  have  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  a  pardon  at  his  leisure.  It  came  to 
the  same  thing  in  the  long  run.  The  fines  on  these  licenses  to  alienate,  and 
on  pardons  for  the  omission  to  obtain  them,  formed  no  inconsiderable  portion 
of  the  revenues  of  the  Crown  down  to  the  Restoration. 


The  Endowment.  fj 

Perot.  The  Perots  must  at  some  time  or  other  have  had  an 
interest  in  the  manor,  for  they  were  '  vouched  to  warranty '  of 
the  title  in  1407  when  Sir  Hugh  Camoys  laid  claim  to  it. 
Possibly  Wykeham  gave  the  manor  to  the  Perots,  and  took  it 
away  in  order  to  give  it  to  the  College.  If  so,  the  settlement 
which  he  made  on  their  eldest  son  William  Wykeham  and  Alice 
Uvedale  his  wife  ^  may  have  been  intended  as  compensation. 
The  title-deeds  of  the  manor  date  back  to  King  John's  reign. 
That  prince  granted  the  manor  to  Emma  de  Staunton,  widow, 
remainder  to  her  daughter  Cecily  and  her  issue.  Through 
Matthew  Husee  (Hussey),  Cecily's  eldest  son  and  heir,  it 
descended  on  his  great-grandson,  Henry  Husee,  from  whom 
Wykeham  purchased  it.  So  far  the  title  seems  clear.  But 
possession  had  not  gone  along  with  the  title ;  for  Sir  Ralph 
Camoys,  Knt.,  was  de  facto  lord  of  the  manor  in  the  earlier  part 
of  the  fourteenth  century ;  and  when  Henry  Husee  sought  to 
recover  possession  in  1344  he  sued  out  a  writ  of  besaiel,  in- 
dicating that  his  family  had  been  disseised  upwards  of  two  gener- 
ations before.  However,  time  was  no  bar  in  those  days,  and 
Husee  recovered  judgment  on  terms  of  allowing  Sir  Hugh 
Camoys,  his  opponent,  to  remain  in  possession  for  the  rest  of 
his  life.  Wykeham  of  course  knew  all  this;  and  when  he 
completed  the  purchase,  Sir  Hugh  Camoys  attorned  tenant  to 
him,  thereby  admitting  the  validity  of  his  title  to  the  reversion. 
Yet  in  1406,  after  Wykeham's  death,  a  Sir  Thomas  Camoys 
revived  the  litigation,  relying  on  a  deed  bearing  date  in  44 
Henry  HI  (1250)  by  which  a  knight  named  Sir  John  de 
Gatesdene  purported  to  grant  the  manor  to  his  daughter 
Margaret  in  frank  marriage  with  the  son  of  a  former  Sir 
Hugh  Camoys.  The  trial  took  place  at  the  Winchester  Assizes 
in  1406. 

It  had  a  dramatic  termination.  Sir  John  de  Gatesdene's 
deed  was  pronounced  to  be  a  forgery,  and  judgment  was 
entered  for  the  College.  The  forged  deed  is  preserved  in 
the  muniment  room  with  a  number  of  documents  which 
accompanied  counsel's  brief  at  the  trial.  On  the  back 
of  one  of  these  documents  is  a  pedigree  of  the  Perots, 
which  differs  from  the  received   one    in    making   Frye,  not 

^  Post,  Chapter  vi. 
C 


1 8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Champneys,  the  surname  of  the  husband  of  Agnes,  the  sister 
of  the  founder '. 

The  Perots  came  from  Ash  (qy.  in  Hampshire  or  Surrey?) 
and  gave  evidence  at  the  trial.  That  they  were  obliged  to  war- 
rant the  title  is  evidence  that  the  manor  had  once  on  a  time 
belonged  to  them.  Alice  had  a  present  of  a  sapphire  ring  for 
her  coming  :  '  Dat.  pro  uno  annulo  aureo  cum  quodam  zaphyro 
empt.  et  dat.  Alicie  Perot  consanguinee  DiTi  Fundatoris,  que 
vocata  es  ad  warantizandum  contra  Thomam  Camoys,  militem, 
manerium  de  Elynge,  preter  unam  bursam  de  panno  aureo  de 
dono  Dm  custodis,  us.'  is  an  entry  in  the  computus  of  the  year. 

The  Perots  also  had  a  barrel  of  white  herrings  and  a  'frayle  * 
of  figs  costing  13s.  6d.,  besides  fresh  fish  and  wine,  value  23</., 
which  were  sent  to  their  home  at  Ash.  The  trial  therefore 
took  place  at  the  Lent  assizes.  Gratuities  to  their  servants 
came  to  2s.  4</.,  and  provender  for  their  horses  on  the  journey 
to  4s.  The  computus  roll  of  the  year  contains  the  following 
references  to  the  forged  deed  : — *  Sol.  pro  intrusione  falsi  brevis 
Thome  Camoys,  xijrf.  .  .  .  Dat.  Willo  Wakfeld'^  pro  judicio 
intrando  et  copia  eiusdem  habenda  de  dicto  brevi  falsato, 
xxrf.' 

In  the  same  year  (1386),  Wykeham  gave  a  moiety  of  the 
manor  of  Coombe  Bisset,  near  Salisbury,  to  the  College.  He 
had  bought  it  five  years  before  of  a  burgess  of  Salisbury,  named 
James  de  Beel  de  Lake,  on  whose  wife  Amice  it  had  descended 
from  her  uncle,  Hugh  de  Plessy,  in  whose  family  it  had  been 
since  the  reign  of  Henry  H.    The  price  was  275  marks.    And 

•    SiBILLA 

que  fuit  desponsata  Joh.  Longe,  ex  qua  procreavit 


I  I 

Will™"™  de  Wykeham,  Agnetem,  que  fuit  desponsata 

postea  Epum  Wintoniensem  Rob'°  Frye,  ex  qua  procreavit 

Aliciam,  que  jam  est  despon- 
sata   Will™"    Perot,    ex   qua 
procreavit 
I 

I  I  I 

Will"'™  qui  obiit  Johannem  Thomam 

anno  R.  Regis  Rio.  qui  obiit  sine  prole  superstitem 
(a  blank  in  original) 

*  Father  of  Wakfeld  the  Commoner ;  see  Chapter  vii.  He  was  clerk  to  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  helped  the  society  with  loans  of  money  more 
than  once. 


The  Endowment.  19 

in  1399  he  added  the  manor  of  Durrington,  near  Amesbury,  and 
a  moiety  of  the  manor  of  Femhamsdean  (Vernham),  midway 
between  Andover  and  Hungerford,  which  he  had  bought  of  the 
devisees  of  Lord  De  la  Warr  for  the  sum  of  1600  marks — an 
almost  incredible  price,  only  to  be  explained  by  the  prosperity 
of  the  wool  trade  of  the  district  at  that  period  *.  The  annual  value 
of  this  estate  at  the  date  of  the  purchase  was  only  £26  13s.  \d. 
beyond  reprisals,  not  three  per  cent,  on  the  purchase  money. 

Durrington  is  prettily  situated  upon  the  Avon,  between 
Pewsey  and  Amesbury,  and  the  fishery  for  trout  and  eels, 
especially  the  latter,  was  well  worth  preserving.  The  society 
paid  2S.  8fl?.  in  1435  to  Paul  Gyles,  an  attorney  at  Salisbury,  as 
a  fee  for  issuing  four  writs  of  trespass  against  poachers  in  the 
College  waters  there. 

The  other  moiety  of  the  manor  of  Fernhamsdean,  known  as 
Botts',  after  Sir  Henry  de  Botes,  who  held  it  temp.  Hen.  IV, 
was  bought  as  an  investment  of  benefaction  money  in  Queen 
Elizabeth's  time. 

In  1392  Wykeham  made  over  to  the  College  three  messuages, 
one  toft,  three  carucates  of  arable  land,  ten  acres  of  meadow, 
thirty-two  acres  of  pasture,  and  three  acres  of  wood,  situate  in 
the  parishes  of  Ropley,  Bishop's  Sutton,  Byketon  (Bighton), 
and  Drayton,  together  with  the  yearly  rents  of  £  10  sterling  and 
one  pound  of  cummin.  He  had  acquired  this  property  from 
Roger  Gerveys'^  and  Thomas  de  Wandelesworth  in  49  Ed.  Ill, 
(1376).  And  in  1399  he  demised  to  the  Warden  and  scholars 
six  tofts,  three  yard  lands,  eight  acres  of  wood,  three  half-yard 
lands,  fifty-eight  acres  of  arable  land  and  wood,  and  four  pieces 
of  waste,  situate  in  the  parishes  of  Ropley  and  Bishop's  Sutton, 
being  parcel  of  the  ancient  possessions  of  the  See  of  Winchester, 
for  the  term  of  one  hundred  years,  reserving  to  himself  and  his 
successors  the  ancient  yearly  rents  of  assize,  which  amounted 
to  38s.  7  J^.,  and  a  yearly  rent  of  405.  ']\d.,  which  was  then  paid 
in  lieu  of  *  churcheatts  * ',  and  all  other  services  and  payments, 

*  Cobbett,  in  his  Rural  Rides,  comments  on  the  number  and  size  of  the 
churches  and  manor-houses  in  the  valley  of  the  Avon  between  Pewsey  and 
Salisbury,  as  evidence  of  the  former  populousness  of  the  district. 

"  One  of  Wykeham's  benefactors,  for  whom  the  Statutes  direct  that  masses 
shall  be  said  in'  the  College  Chapel,  was  named  Andrew  Gerveys.  See 
Appendix  XI. 

^  Churchscot,  a  species  of  first-fruits. 

C3 


20  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

including  one  of  iSd.  for  '  tithing  pence '  at  the  half-yearly  court 
of  the  manor  of  Bishop's  Sutton.  Bishop  Fox  renewed  this 
lease  in  1505.  His  lease  has  attached  to  it  an  interesting  ex- 
ample of  that  prelate's  episcopal  seal.  A  sum  of  30s.  10^. 
was  paid  to  the  Bishop  'pro  le  knowledge  money,'  i.e.  for  the 
fine  or  acknowledgment  on  the  occasion  of  the  renewal.  Bishop 
Cooper  renewed  it  again  in  1592.  The  renewal  was  taken  in  the 
name  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  consequenee  of  the  opinion  of 
lawyers  that  Stats.  13  Eliz.  c.  10  and  14  Eliz.  c.  11,  rendering 
such  long  leases  of  episcopal  estates  void,  did  not  extend  to  the 
Crown  \  Consequently  the  Queen  took  the  lease  in  her  own 
name,  and  assigned  it  to  the  College.  It  may  be  gathered  from 
Warden  Bilson's  'Certain  Remembrances  to  induce  her  Matie 
to  assign  her  share  of  such  lands  as  the  late  Bishop  demised 
unto  her  Matie,  with  hope  it  may  please  her  Highness  to  assign 
ye  same  unto  ye  Colledg  of  Winchester,'  that  there  was  some 
danger  at  the  time  when  he  wrote  of  her  Majesty's  kind  inten- 
tions being  frustrated  by  some  needy  courtier. 

This  lease  ceased  to  be  renewed,  and  the  lands  comprised  in 
it  passed  away  from  the  College  thirty  years  ago.  It  is  remark- 
able that  as  long  as  the  lease  lasted  the  Warden  and  Fellows 
treated  these  lands  as  parcel  of  their  manor  of  Ropley — the 
freehold  lands  already  mentioned  and  other  freehold  lands 
which  they  purchased — and  granted  all  alike  by  copy  of  court 
roll  for  three  lives,  according,  as  the  court  rolls  have  it,  to  the 
custom  of  the  manor,  with  a  heriot  payable  on  alienation  as  well 
as  on  death.  This  inclusion  of  leaseholds  with  freeholds  in  a 
manor  under  the  same  customs  is  remarkable,  and  more 
remarkable  still  is  the  de  facto  creation  of  a  manor  at  a  date 
long  subsequent  to  the  statute  Quia  Emptores  (18  Ed.  I.  c.  i). 

The  manor  of  Meonstoke  is  a  consolidation  since  Wyke- 
ham's  time  of  the  manors  of  Meonstoke  Ferrand  and  Meon- 
stoke Ferrers.  The  tenure  is  copyhold  of  inheritance,  and  the 
lands  descend  to  the  youngest  son  in  cases  of  intestacy.  There 
never  was,  as  far  as  we  can  tell,  any  demesne.  Wykeham 
purchased  Meonstoke  Ferrand  of  his  predecessor  Bishop 
Edyngdon's  executors  in  1391.  Edyngdon  bought  it  of  Henry 
Husee  in  1353,  and  it  is  an  interesting  circumstance  that  Wyke- 

*  However,  by  Stat,  i  Jac.  I.  c.  3  no  archbishop  or  bishop  shall  alienate  his 
lands  to  the  king. 


The  Endowment.  21 

ham,  then  only  in  his  first  tonsure,  acted  as  proxy  for  the  bishop 
to  receive  seisin  of  his  purchase.  Edyngdon's  letter  of  attorney 
to  Wykeham  to  receive  seisin  on  his  behalf  is  among  the  title- 
deeds  of  the  manor  in  the  muniment  room.  Meonstoke  Fer- 
rand  had  belonged  to  Sir  John  de  Drokenesford  (Droxford), 
who  bought  it  of  Sir  Peter  Ferrandi,  a  Gascon  knight,  in  1305. 

Wykeham  bought  Meonstoke  Ferrers  in  1381  for  £200  of  Sir 
William  de  Wyndesore.  He  had  been  Lieutenant  of  Ireland 
in  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of  Edward  III,  and  on  one  occa- 
sion offered  to  defray  the  entire  charge  of  that  kingdom  for  the 
yearly  sum  of  £  1 1,273  6s.  8rf. ;  but  he  is  better  known  to  fame 
as  the  husband  of  Alice  Ferrers.  Other  lands  in  the  parish  of 
Meonstoke,  known  as  Costard's  and  Weston's^  were  bought  by 
Wykeham's  agents  in  1388  and  thrown  into  the  manor.  A 
pardon  under  the  great  seal  to  his  agents  for  acquiring  these 
lands  without  a  license  (they  being  held  of  the  Crown  in  capite), 
and  a  license  in  mortmain  enabling  Wykeham  to  annex  these 
lands  and  others  in  the  parishes  of  Ropley,  Bishop's  Sutton, 
Bighton,  Drayton,  Winnall,  and  Medstead  to  the  College  at 
Winchester  in;  pure  and  perpetual  alms,  the  statute  of  mort- 
main notwithstanding,  bears  date  May  24,  14  Ric.  II. 

At  the  time  when  Wykeham  was  endowing  the  College  at 
Winchester  most,  in  fact  nearly  all,  of  the  land  around  that  city 
was  already  in  mortmain,  and  he  had  to  seek  investments 
where  the  grasp  of  the  '  dead  hand '  had  not  closed,  or  was  re- 
laxing. The  latter  was  happening  just  at  that  time  in  the  case 
of  the  alien  priories.  These  were  cells  to  monasteries  on  the 
Continent,  chiefly  of  the  Benedictine  order,  which  Rome  had 
been  founding  in  England  ever  since  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Confessor.  Rome  is  pursuing  the  same  course  now,  and  many 
fair  estates  and  historic  sites  are  passing  into  her  grasp,  the  law 
of  mortmain  being  evaded  by  a  system  of  secret  trusts.  Dug- 
dale  enumerates  in  the  Monasttcon  more  than  one  hundred  and 
twenty  of  these  cells,  each  of  which  held  as  much  land  as  it  had 
been  able  to  acquire.  Their  estates,  as  a  general  rule,  appear 
to  have  been  vested,  legally  speaking,  in  the  parent  monasteries 
abroad.  This  circumstance  led  to  their  downfall;  for  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  with  France  in  the  year  1346  Edward 

\  The  name  of  Weston  did  not  cease  among  the  tenants  of  the  manor  until 
the  year  1887. 


%z  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Ill  took  the  constitutional  step*  of  sequestrating  the  posses- 
sions of  the  alien  priories,  under  a  promise,  it  is  said,  that  they 
should  be  restored  if  and  whenever  peace  should  be  made.  In 
taking  this  step  Edward  doubtless  had  public  opinion,  so  far  as 
there  was  such  a  thing,  on  his  side,  for  those  alien  priories  had 
rendered  themselves  odious  through  exporting  specie,^  in  which 
they  could  not  help  themselves,  the  parent  monasteries  being 
entitled  to  any  surplus  income,  and  employing  agents-general 
to  look  after  them  in  this  respect.  What  happened  was  almost 
exactly  what  happens  when  a  living  is  sequestrated  for  the 
debts  of  the  incumbent.  Sequestrators,  or  '  farmers,'  were  put 
in  possession,  who  managed  the  estates  of  the  different  priories, 
and,  after  deducting  the  outgoings  and  expenses  of  manage- 
ment, paid  over  any  balance  to  the  Crown.  The  alien  priories 
remained  in  this  state  of  suspended  animation  during  the  rest 
of  the  long  reign  of  Edward  III,  and  during  the  reigns  of 
Richard  II  and  Henry  IV,  and  were  finally  dissolved,  and 
their  estates  vested  in  the  Crown,  by  an  Act  of  the  Parliament 
of  Leicester  in  2  H.  V.  In  the  meantime,  an  offer  from  a  man 
in  Wykeham's  position  to  purchase  any  of  these  estates  at  a 
fair  price  must  have  seemed  a  godsend  to  the  monks  abroad, 
after  the  Bull  enabling  him  to  acquire  them  without  compensa- 
tion^. They  proved  willing  enough  to  sell,  but  insisted  that 
Wykeham  should  undertake  to  pay  the  costs  of  sale — a  stipu- 
lation which  churchmen  too  often  make  at  the  present  day. 
Having,  as  has  been  said,  the  sanction  of  the  Pope  to  what  he 
was  going  to  do,  Wykeham  sued  out  letters  patent,  enabling 
the  College  to  acquire  and  hold  in  mortmain  lands  of  the  alien 
priories  to  the  yearly  value  of  200  marks  (£133  6s.  Bd.*).  In 
this  charter,  dated  June  16,  12  Ric.  II  (1389),  the  singular 
merits  and  services  of  Wykeham  are  set  forth  as  a  justification 
for  granting  it.  The  King  grants  it  in  consideration  of  the 
advancement  of  God's  glory  and  the  prosperity  of  the  human 
race,  which  is  brought  about  by  the  cultivation  of  learning ;  and 

*  The  Crown  might  at  any  time  assert  its  right  to  land  acquired  by  an  alien, 
unless  he  were  the  subject  of  a  friendly  State,  and  merely  rented  the  land  for 
his  occupation  or  for  purposes  of  trade  for  a  term  not  exceeding  twenty-one 
years.  The  conveyance  to  an  alien  of  any  greater  interest  in  land  was  a  cause 
of  forfeiture. 

'•'  Which  was  made  penal  afterwards  by  Stat,  5  Ric.  II.  c.  ii. 

2  Ante,  p.  5.  *  Appendix  IX. 


77!^  Endowment.  23 

of  Wykeham's  devotion  to  the  Church,  and  to  the  honour  of  the 
name  of  Him  crucified  and  of  the  most  glorious  Virgin  His 
mother  ;  and  for  the  support  and  maintenance  of  the  Christian 
faith  ;  and  for  the  advantage  of  God's  holy  church  ;  and  for  the 
increase  of  divine  worship,  and  of  all  liberal  arts,  sciences,  and 
faculties ;  and  for  the  support  of  the  Church  and  realm  of 
England,  and  the  clergy  thereof;  and  in  consideration  of  the 
masses  and  prayers  which  are  offered  daily,  and  by  God's  per- 
mission will  for  ever  be  offered  within  the  College,  according 
to  the  Founder's  Statutes,  for  the  prosperity  of  the  King  and 
Anne  his  consort,  and  of  their  souls  after  their  death ;  and  for 
the  souls  of  Edward  HI  and  his  consort,  of  Edward  their  first- 
born, and  of  all  their  progenitors. 

Wykeham  then  began  to  negotiate,  employing  John  de 
Campeden  as  an  intermediary.  One  treaty — with  the  Hospital 
on  Mount  St.  Bernard,  in  Savoy — went  off  as  far  as  regards 
Winchester  College  through  the  circumstance  of  the  Prior  in- 
sisting that  room  for  one  or  two  of  his  monks  should  be  found 
in  Chamber  Court  as  part  of  the  bargain  \  But  in  other  cases 
the  monks  were  not  so  unreasonable.  The  following  list  of 
Wykeham's  purchases  of  this  class  of  property  is  verified  by  a 
certificate  dated  February  12,  1393-4,  under  the  seal  of  John 
de  Campeden.  The  estates  of  which  the  names  are  printed  in 
italics  fell  to  the  share  of  New  College.  The  monks  seem  to 
have  estimated  their  expenses  on  a  liberal  scale. 

I. 

Monastery  of  St.  Valery-sur-Mer,  in  Picardy. 

FRANCS  2. 

Manors  of  Takely,  Easihall,  WcUles,  IVodynton,  BirchangeVy 
and  Lyndeshall x-jfiOQ 

Churches  of  Isleworth,  Heston  ^  Twickenham,  and  Hamp- 
ton-on-Thames 750 

Expenses : — The  abbot,  for  the  papal  license  to  alienate   .         aoo 

'  One  may  suppose  that  the  parent  monasteries  were  crowded  with  refugees 
from  the  cells  in  England  at  the  time.  But  the  College  was  full  already,  and  could 
not  easily  have  made  room  for  them,  even  if  the  presence  of  such  persons  had 
been  desirable.  What  Polydore  Vergil  says  of  Winchester  College  {Ang.  Hist. 
lib.  xix),  '  Inde  velut  ex  equo  Trojano  viri  omni  tempore  virtute  excellentes 
prodeunt,'  is  equally  true  of  the  congested  state  of  its  inside  and  of  the  dis- 
tinguished men  who  issued  from  it. 

*  These  were  mis  or  French  crowns,  gold  coins  worth  about  55.  each. 

'  Heston  is  a  parish  between  Harrow  and  West  Draj^on   in  Middlesex. 


24  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


FRANCS. 


Prior  John  de  Journalle's  fee  for  negotiating  the  sale         .         550 


CROWNS. 


Friar  John  Carpenter,  Treasurer  of  the  Abbey,  for  stock 
and  fixtures 200 

The  same,  for  distribution  amongst  the  monks,  10  crowns 
apiece 300 

II. 

Monastery  of  the  Holy  Trinity  on  Mont  St.  Katherine,  Rouen. 

FRANCS. 

The  churches  and  manors  of  Harmondsworth  ^  (Hermonds- 
worth)  in  Middlesex  and  Tingewick"^  in  Buckinghamshire, 
and  the  churches  of  Saham  Tony  and  St.  Leonard's 
Hastings 8600 

Expenses  of  the  Prior  coming  to  England  to  receive  the 
purchase  money £60 

Expenses  of  Friar  John  Fecent,  Prior  of  Biriacum,  on 
the  same  errand ;^  40 

III. 

Monastery  of  Tiron  or  Turon  in  la  Beauce,  a  District  South- 
West  OF  Chartres. 

FRANCS. 

Manors  of  Hamblerice,  St.  Cross  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
Titley,  and  Andwell,  and  churches  of  Hamblerice,  Hound, 
and  West  Worldham 1300 

Fees  of  William  de  Siguenaux,  Prior  of  Tichonderia,  and 
Yterius  Morini,  his  secretary  (domicellus)  for  expediting 
the  sale 100 

The  Prior  of  Tichonderia  and  Giles,  Abbot  of  Gardens^ 
*  pro  feodo  sigilli'  (sealing  money)  and  conveying  the  writings 
to  Rouen  for  confirmation  by  the  High  Court  there,  and  then 
to  Paris 30 

According  to  Fuller,  the  best  wheat  in  England  '  groweth  in  the  vale  lying 
south  of  Harrow-on-the-Hill,  nigh  to  Hessen  '  (sic),  '  so  that  the  King's  bread 
was  formerly  made  of  the  fair  flour  thereof.' 

'  The  subinfeudations  of  Ludyngton,  Barnard's,  and  Padbury's  were  included 
in  the  purchase. 

*  The  original  title-deed  of  Tingewick,  a  grant  by  Hilbert  de  Lacy  to  the 
monks  of  St.  Katherine's,  with  a  nearly  perfect  impression  of  his  seal,  and  the 
mark  '^a  rude  cross)  of  his  patron,  William  the  Conqueror,  at  its  foot,  is  in  the 
muniment  room  at  Winchester.     New  College,  however,  has  the  estate. 

^  Agents-general  of  the  monastery. 


The  Endowment.  25 

IV. 

Hospital  on  Mont  St.  Bernard  in  Savoy. 
Church  of  Homchurch       .       .    4000  gold  nobles  and  500  francs '. 

The  churches  of  Isleworth,  Heston,  Hampton-on-Thames,  and 
Harmondsworth  ceased  to  belong  to  the  College  under  Henry  VHI. 
With  the  Priory  of  Hamblerice  came  the  manor  of  that  name,  the 
churches  of  Hound  and  West  Worldham,  the  tithes  of  Letteley 
(Netley),  Bursledon,  Hound,  Sholing,  and  a  portion  of  Allington 
Great  Mead,  near  Bishopstoke ;  the  manors  of  Huntborne  and  Flex- 
land,  in  the  parish  of  Soberton  ;  Ridelond  (Redlands),  in  the  parish  of 
Kingsclere,  a  gift  of  Herbert  Fitzherbert  in  the  twelfth  century ;  two 
virgates  of  land  at  South  Merston,  in  the  parishes  of  Highworth  and 
Stanton  Fitzwarren,  near  Swindon  ;  and  pensions  issuing  out  of  the 
rectory  of  Bishopstoke,  Chark,  and  Lee  in  the  parish  of  Titchfield, 
and  the  manors  of  Manningford  Bruce,  All  Cannings  ^  and  Stanton 
Fitzherbert,  near  Devizes.  The  priories  of  St.  Cross  and  Titley  had 
property  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  in  Herefordshire.  Andwell 
Priory,  near  Basingstoke,  had  a  few  hundred  acres  of  indifferent  land, 
chiefly  wood  and  pasture  ^  and  the  advowson  of  the  rectory  of  Brad- 
ford Peverel,  in  Dorsetshire,  which  a  Norman  named  Robert  Fitz- 
martin  gave  to  the  priory  in  the  eleventh  century. 

Having  thus  endowed  his  College,  Wykeham  obtained  for  it 
a  Charter  of  Privileges  *.  A  better  testimonial  has  seldom  been 
given  by  the  Crown  to  a  subject.  After  a  preamble  lauding 
Wykeham's  munificence,  and  insisting  on  the  advantage  to  the 
Catholic  faith  of  the  extension  of  sound  learning,  the  King, 
actuated,  as  he  says,  by  affection  for  a  faithful  servant  who  had 
devoted  the  best  years  of  his  life  to  the  service  of  his  king,  not 
without  injury  to  his  health,  grants  to  the  Warden  and  Scholars 
and  their  successors  immunity  from  all  aids,  services,  subsidies, 
tenths,  and  the  like,  as  well  ecclesiastical  as  civil,  theretofore 
levied  ;  the  right  to  quiet  enjoyment  of  the  college  buildings  * ; 
and  exemption  from  the  exactions  of  purveyors '  and  from  pen- 

*  The  costs  are  not  recorded  in  this  instance. 

*  '  Al  Canynges  (Alice  Canynges)  land.' 

*  The  lessee  used  to  send  in  a  boar  to  the  College  yearly,  on  St.  Andrew's 
Day. 

*  Appendix  X. 

*  This  might  have  been  pleaded  (had  it  been  of  the  least  use)  in  answer  to 
James  I  in  1630.     See  Chapter  xviii. 

*  The  clergy  were  exempt  already  from  the  burden  of  purveyance  by  virtue 
of  the  Statute  pro  clero  14  Ed.  III.  cap.  i,  by  which  the  King  declares  that  he 
will  not  take  any  goods  from  people  of  Holy  Church  against  their  free  will :  but 


26  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

sions,  corrodies,  and  other  incumbrances  affecting  the  landed 
interest  at  that  period. 

This  charter  is  tested  at  Westminster  before  most  of  the 
great  officers  of  State,  and  bears  date  September  28,  1395.  It 
was  renewed  in  every  subsequent  reign,  except  under  Edward 
VI  and  Mary,  down  to  Charles  II  inclusive.  There  is  also  a 
charter  of  the  Parliament,  dated  February  12,  1649-50,  running 
in  the  name  of  *  Custodes  Libertatis  Angliae  auctoritate  Parlia- 
menti,'  which  is  attested  by  Attorney-General  Wylde,  and  pro- 
fesses to  confer  similar  privileges. 

There  was  no  occasion  for  this  charter  to  be  renewed  after 
the  Restoration,  thanks  to  Stat.  12  Car.  II.  c.  34,  entitled  *An 
Act  for  taking  away  Courts  of  Wards  and  Liveries,  and  tenure 
in  capite  and  by  knight  service,  and  purveyance,  and  for  settling 
a  revenue  upon  his  Majesty  in  lieu  thereof.' 

On  St.  Cuthbert's  day  (March  20),  1398-9,  Warden  Morys 
rode  to  Farnham  and  received  the  Charter  of  Privileges  there 
at  the  hands  of  Wykeham.  I  know  not  to  what  I  may  attribute 
the  delay  except  to  Wykeham's  state  of  health. 

Under  a  charter  of  Henry  IV  the  College  is  entitled  to  the 
goods  of  felons  within  its  manors;  and  under  a  charter  of 
Arthur  Plantagenet^  Viscount  Lisle,  as  Lieutenant  of  Henry 
Duke  of  Richmond,  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England,  it  has  the 
right  to  all  forfeitures,  deodands  (abolished  by  statute  in  the 
present  reign),  flotsam,  jetsam,  lagsam,  and  wreck  within  its 
manors  of  Hamblerice,  Eling,  Andwell,  St.  Cross,  and  Barton. 

The  income  arising  from  this  endowment  was  barely  sufficient 
to  maintain  the  Society.  Wykeham  no  doubt  intended  that  the 
income  should  be  exhausted  by  the  appropriations  of  it  which 
he  directed ;  for  the  statutes  prescribe  what  is  to  be  done  if  the 
income  shall  fall  short,  and  contain  no  provisions  for  the  con- 

the  College  was  not,  legally  speaking,  an  ecclesiastical  corporation ;  and  the 
purveyors  may  be  supposed  to  have  relied  on  might  as  much  as  on  right.  In  any 
case,  such  a  charter  as  this  was  useful  to  show  to  purveyors.  It  appears, 
indeed,  to  have  been  kept  at  Harmondsworth  with  this  object  :  for  the  society 
had  to  send  a  man  thither  to  fetch  it  in  the  year  1445,  when  it  was  wanted  at 
Andover  to  answer  a  purveyor  who  had  seized  forty  quarters  of  oats  belonging 
to  a  College  tenant  for  the  service  of  the  royal  stable. 

'  A  natural  son  of  Edward  IV.  In  the  year  1542  he  died  in  the  Tower  of 
London  (where  he  lay  under  a  charge  of  conspiracy  to  betray  Calais  to  the 
French),  of  joy,  it  is  said,  at  the  news  of  his  approaching  release. 


The  Endowment.  ay 

trary,  beyond  a  direction  that  any  surplus  is  to  be  put  into  the 
chest.  For  many  years  after  the  opening  day  the  College  was 
the  next  thing  to  insolvent,  and  it  owes  its  liberation  from  pecu- 
niary difficulties  and  ultimate  wealth  to  the  generosity  of  bene- 
factors and  the  progress  of  the  country.  Such  a  result  cannot 
possibly  have  been  contemplated  by  Wykeham. 


CHAPTER    IV. 
The  Fabric. 

Commencement — Materials. — A  disaster. — How  remedied. — More  ground  ac- 
quired.— Opening  ceremony. — Who  took  part  in  it. — Milton  the  school- 
master.— Outer  court. — Warden's  lodgings. — Porter's  lodge. — Steward's 
Room. — Bursary. — Brewhouse. — Screen  across  Outer  court. — '  Paradise.' — 
Middle  gate. — Election  chamber. — Chamber  court — Scholars'  and  Fellows* 
lodgings. — Choristers'  chamber. — Bakehouse. — Fellows'  common  room. — 
Scola  choristarum. — Chaplains'  chamber. — Kitchen. — Trusty  Servant — 
Conduit.  —  Hall.  —  Hatches.  —  Cellar.  —  Treasury.  — Library. — Chaplains' 
chamber. — Chapel. — Roodloft. — Puritan  alterations. — High  altar. — Inferior 
altars.  —  Ornaments.  —  Reredos. —  Stalls.  — '  Sepulchre.' —  Choir  screen. — 
Subsequent  changes.  —  Lecterns.  —  Stained  glass.  —  Organs.  —  Renatus 
Harris. — Organists. — John  Reading. — Author  of  '  Domum.' — John  Bishop. 
James  Kent. — Drs.  Chard  and  Wesley. — Sacristy. — Muniment  rooms. — 
Vestibule. — Crimean  and  Stewart  memorials. — Belfry. — Clock. — Cloisters. 

The  completion  of  the  fabric  at  New  College  in  May,  1386, 
left  Wykeham  free  to  begin  work  at  Winchester.  The  first 
stone  of  the  fabric  there  was  laid,  according  to  Heete^  at  9  a.m. 
on  March  26,  1387.  It  was  six  years  building,  and  the  sum  of 
£1014  8s.  3^/.,  equivalent  perhaps  to  £20,000  in  the  present 
day,  was  spent  on  it  prior  to  the  opening  day.  The  stone  of 
which  the  chapel  and  hall  are  built  came  by  sea,  the  coarser 
sort  from  a  disused  pit  near  Ryde,  which  Wykeham  probably 
rented  of  the  monks  of  Quarr  Abbey  ^  the  finer  sort  for  dress- 
ings from  Beer,  on  the  Devonshire  coast.  The  quarry  at  Beer 
has  been  reopened,  and  much  of  the  stone  used  about  the 
scholars'  chambers  six  or  seven  years  ago  came  from  it.     The 

^  Cuius  quidem  primi  lapidis  posicio  fuerat  facta  xxyj  die  Mensis  Marcii  bora 
autem  iij  ante  meridiem  anno  domini  MCCCLXXXVIJ  regni  vero  regis  Ricardi 
Secundi  xj. 

*  Wykeham  resorted  to  the  Binstcad  quarries  for  stone  when  he  was  re- 
building the  Cathedral. 


The  Fabric.  ap 

cargoes  of  stone,  whether  from  Ryde  or  Beer,  were  beached  at 
St.  Denys,  on  the  river  Itchen,  above  Southampton,  and  then 
carted  over  the  downs  to  Winchester,  a  distance  of  about  ten 
miles.  It  seems  as  if  the  'Old  Barge,'  Bishop  Lucy's  naviga- 
tion between  Southampton  and  Winchester,  was  not  in  working 
order  at  that  time,  or  did  not  convey  building  materials  \  The 
flints,  chalk,  and  *  burres  '  of  which  the  remaining  buildings  are 
composed,  were  close  at  hand.  The  lime  may  have  come  from 
Chilcomb,  and  the  sand,  if  we  may  infer  anything  from  the 
yellow  colour  of  the  mortar,  came  from  Otterborne.  The  stone 
slates  which  covered  the  buildings,  except  the  chapel,  hall  and 
towers,  which  have  leaden  roofs,  came  from  the  Isle  of  Purbeck. 
The  timber,  oak  and  beech,  may  have  come  from  any  of  the 
bishopric  manors. 

The  timber  used  after  the  opening  day  came  from  Ropley, 
near  Alresford,  or  Allington,  near  Bishopstoke.  It  does  not 
appear  that  chesnut  was  used  in  any  part  of  the  fabric  ;  and  fir 
was  unknown. 

*  Building  materials  are  not  mentioned  among  the  articles  on  which  Bishop 
Lucy  and  his  successors  were  authorised  by  King  John's  charter  to  levy  tolls 
when  conveyed  by  the  canal  or  '  Old  Barge  '  between  Winchester  and  South- 
ampton.    (See  Bp,  Pontissara's  Register,  201  v.)     These  articles  were  : — 
Hides  dried  and  salted,  per  last  of  100 .  .....     2</. 

,,  „  per  two  *  dacrae '  of  ten  or  a  less  number  .     \d. 

Wool,  cheese,  lard,  tallow,  yarn,  and  other  articles  weighed  by 

the  last,  per  last zd. 

„   half  last id. 

„   quarter  last ^d. 

Any  less  quantity ^d. 

Woollen,  linen,  or  silken  cloth,  rabbit  and  other  skins,  and  cordage, 

per  truss .id. 

Pepper,  per  cask ^d. 

Cummin,  alum,  dyestuff,  incense,  and  almonds,  per  cask      .        .    |rf. 

Figs,  per  two  frails ^d. 

Wax,  per  thousandweight ad. 

„       „     hundredweight ,     ^d. 

Wine,  beer,  honey,  and  other  liquids,  per  dolium  of  if  quarts      .    \d. 

Any  grain,  per  sextarius  of  2  quarts \d. 

Millstones,  each ^d. 

Herrings,  per  last ...     id. 

Garlic,  onions,  or  nuts,  per  tub \d. 

Nuts,  per  dolium ^d. 

Iron,  per  thousandweight id. 

Any  other  metal,  cast  or  not,  per  thousandweight         .        .        .id. 
Bacon,  per  twenty  flitches |rf. 


3©  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

As  the  fabric  was  approaching  completion,  a  disaster  occurred, 
which  may  have  delayed  the  opening.  A  glance  at  the  Outer 
Gate  will  show  what  it  was.  A  subsidence  of  the  western  jamb 
of  the  gate,  which,  like  the  rest  of  the  original  building,  stands 
on  piles,  took  place.  Work  on  the  superstructure  was  stopped 
at  once.  The  half  finished  chamber  over  the  gateway  was 
covered  in  with  thatch,  and  the  massive  buttresses  on  either  side 
of  the  gateway,  within  and  without,  were  erected.  These 
buttresses  stayed  the  progress  of  the  mischief;  yet  it  was  not 
until  more  than  four  years  had  elapsed  that  the  Society  ventured 
to  complete  the  superstructure,  and  then  on  a  reduced  scale, 
with  one  chamber  instead  of  two. 

Wykeham  had  built  up  to  the  very  edge  of  his  site,  so  that 
the  outside  buttresses  necessarily  encroached  on  the  public 
highway.  Other  subsidences,  too,  might  take  place,  in  which 
case  other  buttresses  would  have  to  be  built.  So  he  enclosed 
a  strip  of  ground,  12  ft.  wide,  along  the  whole  front  of  the  new 
building  in  College  street.  In  a  charter,  dated  March  i,  1392-3, 
which  enabled  him  to  do  this,  the  strip  of  ground  is  described 
as  part  of  the  king's  highway,  extending  from  the  wall  of  the 
Sustern  Spital  to  the  bank  of  the  mill-stream,  200  ft.  long 
and  12  ft.  wide.  The  sidewalk  from  Commoners'  Gate  to  the 
bridge  represents  it  nearly  enough.  Within  living  memory 
it  was  enclosed  with  posts  and  rails,  such  as  are  depicted 
in  Logan's  view  of  the  College,  but  these  have  been  removed, 
and  nothing  remains  to  show  that  it  is  not  part  of  the  public 
highway. 

By  virtue  of  the  same  charter,  Wykeham  acquired  about 
a  quarter  of  an  acre  of  ground  (roda  terrae)  along  the  western 
boundary  of  the  site.  It  was  part  of  the  garden  of  the  Sustern 
Spital.  The  buildings  at  the  western  end  of  Outer  court— the 
slaughter-house,  wood-house  and  stables — stand  upon  it,  and 
Wykeham  by  means  of  it  got  the  way  from  the  Outer  court  to 
the  rear  of  the  buildings  under  the  archway  in  the  south-west 
corner  of  Outer  court,  which  was  not  provided  in  the  original 
design. 

The  opening  ceremony  took  place  on  Saturday,  March  28, 
1393.  Early  in  the  morning  of  that  day,  Wykeham  received 
the  new  Warden  and  seventy  scholars,  whose  names  appear  in 
the  first  leaf  of  the  register,  in  his  presence  chamber  at  Wolvesey 


The  Fabric.  31 

and  admitted  them  to  the  privileges  of  the  foundation '.  The 
procession  then  set  out  with  the  blessing  of  Wykeham  upon  it, 
and  entered  at  9  a.m.  the  future  home  of  the  Society,  preceded 
by  a  cross-bearer  and  chanting  ^ 

It  does  not  appear  that  Wykeham  took  part  in  the  opening 
ceremony.  Very  probably  he  was  out  of  health  at  the  time. 
Heete's  description  of  those  who  took  part  in  the  procession  is 
imaginative,  for  there  were  no  fellows  as  yet.  The  Society 
consisted  on  the  opening  day  of  a  Warden  (Morys),  a  master 
(Milton),  and  usher  (Huet  or  Hewet),  and  seventy  scholars. 
There  was  also  a  lay-clerk  (Hende)  who  became  a  Fellow  after- 
wards. Milton  may  perhaps  be  identified  with  the  Clerk  of 
that  name,  whom  Wykeham,  a  little  later  (May  10,  1393)  made 
Warden  of  Magdalen  Hospital,  near  Winchester^.  He  taught 
the  school  only  half-a-year,  and  then  made  way  for  Thomas 
Romesye.     Christopher  Jonson  assumed  that  he  died  : — 

'Causa  latet,  medio  docuit  non  amplius  anno 
Miltonus,  hunc  vitae  credo  habuisse  modum.' 

But  this  is  not  the  case,  for  he  sold  a  copy  of  the  Lexicon  of 
Papias,  a  grammaticus  non  ineruditus  of  Lombardy  (Fabricius,  v. 
576),  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows  several  years  after  this.  Some 
have  endeavoured  to  identify  him  with  a  John  Milton,  who  had 
a  true  bill  found  against  him  at  the  Assizes  in  the  year  1393,  on 
an  indictment  for  stealing  thirteen  pieces  of  cloth,  value  £7,  at 
Hursley.  This  Milton,  being  a  churchman,  did  not  take  his 
trial,  but  got  off,  as  churchmen  might  in  those  days,  by  declaring 
on  oath  that  he  was  not  guilty,  and  bringing  compurgators  to 

^  Warden  Morys  is  called  *  primus  custos  istius  collegii '  on  his  brass  in  front 
of  the  altar  in  the  College  chapel,  for  the  reason  that  he  was  the  first  Warden 
with  active  duties  to  perform,  his  predecessors  Cranlegh  and  Westcote  having 
been  '  custodes  titulares '  only.  The  heading  of  the  register,  '  Nomina  scolarium 
a  principio  fundacionis  huius  collegii,'  shows  that  the  opening  day  in  1393,  and 
not  the  incorporation  day  in  1382,  was  regarded  as  the  real  foundation  day  of 
the  College. 

*  *  Quorum  quidem  custodis,  sociorum,  scolarium,  ceterorumque  omnium 
predictorum  ingressus  primus  ad  inibi  habitandum  fuit  hora  iij  ante  meridiem 
xxviij  die  Mensis  Marcii  anno  domini  MCCCXCIIJ  regni  vero  Regis  Ricardi 
xvij  (this  is  an  error,  because  the  seventeenth  year  of  King  Richard  II  did  not 
begin  till  June  22,  1393)  cum  cruce  erecta  precedentc  solcmni  cantu  proces- 
sionaliter  gradiendo,'  Heete,  §  12. 

'  Wykeham's  Register,  v.  131. 


32  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

swear  that  they  believed  his  story.  If  Milton  the  schoolmaster 
was  the  Milton  who  stole  the  cloth,  we  have  the  reason  why  he 
retired  when  he  did. 

The  design  of  the  buildings  which  the  procession  entered  on 
this  memorable  occasion — the  birth-day  of  the  public  school 
system  of  England — is  simple  :  an  oblong  outer  court  of  offices 
opening  into  another,  containing  the  chapel,  hall,  kitchen, 
butteries,  sacristy,  muniment-room,  and  chambers  of  the  Society, 
and  having  behind  it  a  cloister  enclosing  the  burying  ground. 
There  is  a  general  resemblance  to  the  plan  of  New  College, 
with  an  important  difference  consisting  in  the  circumstance  of 
the  relative  positions  of  the  chapel  and  hall  being  reversed, 
to  which  Winchester  College  Chapel  owes  its  glorious  east 
window.  In  other  respects  the  buildings  undoubtedly  yield 
the  palm  to  those  at  Oxford,  which  were  built  with  less  re- 
gard to  cost  and  are  altogether  more  commodious.  There 
were  reasons  why  the  buildings  at  Oxford  should  bear  the 
palm  ;  and  Wykeham  may  have  spent  less  on  the  buildings  at 
Winchester  in  view  of  the  outlay  he  was  about  to  make  on  the 
Cathedral. 

The  Outer  court  is  next  to  College  Street,  and  there  is 
*  Outer  gate,'  the  entrance  gateway,  which  is  placed  exactly  in 
the  middle  of  the  original  frontage  of  two  hundred  feet.  This 
gate  is  plain  in  design  and  has  over  it  a  statue  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  in  a  tabernacled  niche  between  the  two  sash  windows 
of  the  bursary,  which  were  formerly  oriels.  The  original  statue 
appears,  from  an  entry  in  the  Computus  of  the  year  1466,  to  have 
been  in  need  of  repair  at  that  early  period.  It  was  replaced  by 
the  present  one  in  the  last  century.  Outer  gate  was  plastered 
and  white-washed  in  the  year  1564,  and  in  1820  it  received  its 
present  coating  of  Roman  cement,  and  was  otherwise  repaired 
at  a  cost  of  £217. 

The  building  to  the  east  of  Outer  gate,  facing  the  street  (as 
far  as  the  buttresses  extend)  was  a  store  for  corn  and  malt.  In 
the  year  1597  it  was  converted  into  rooms  for  the  Warden,  and 
the  '  libraria '  over  Fromond's  chantry  became  the  granary '. 
This  is  the  oldest  portion  of  the  Warden's  lodgings.  It  was 
raised  a  storey  and  extended  further  eastward  over  the  site 
of  the  Prior's  Garret  in  1613-15,  while  Love  was  "V^arden. 
*  See  Chapter  ix. 


The  Fabric.  53 

Warden  Nicholas  built  the  garden  front  in  1692 ;  Repton's 
front,  containing  the  College  picture  gallery,  was  built  in  1832-3. 
Underneath  the  part  facing  the  street,  entered  by  a  door  under 
the  entrance  archway,  is  the  wine-cellar.  This  is  first  alluded 
to  in  the  computus  of  1420,  when  it  was  cleared  of  the  rubbish 
which  Wykeham's  workmen  had  left  in  it,  in  order  to  receive 
a  hogshead  of  Gascony  wine  for  use  at  the  Election  of  that  year. 

On  the  right  hand,  as  you  pass  under  the  archway  of  the 
outer  gate,  is  the  porter's  lodge,  called  '  barbaria '  or  *  domus 
barbitonsoris '  in  the  computus  rolls,  because  the  porter  was 
also  the  barber  \  The  present  efficient  and  intelligent  porter, 
Mr.  Lock,  has  made  the  lodge  a  museum  of  Wykehamical 
curiosities.  The  following  inventory  of  its  contents  was  taken 
in  the  year  1413 : — One  bed  complete  (integer),  three  planks, 
two  forms,  a  press,  a  chair,  a  round  chafer  with  lid,  another 
holding  one  gallon,  a  pottlepot,  three  basins,  six  shaving  cloths, 
four  razors,  a  grapple  pro  aqua  purganda  ^  For  the  first  few 
years,  so  long  in  fact  as  the  outer  gate  was  considered  insecure, 
the  porter  had  a  watch-box  (la  logge)  of  timber  and  thatched 
inside  the  court. 

Over  the  porter's  lodge,  approached  by  a  turret,  is  the  so- 
called  steward's  room,  where  the  clericus  computi  used  to  keep 
the  books.  It  is  now  the  clerks'  office.  Over  the  gateway, 
approached  by  the  same  staircase,  is  the  bursary.  This  was 
originally  the  chamber  of  the  senescallus  terrarum,  or  steward 
of  the  manors,  and,  after  an  interval  of  many  years,  has  come  to 
be  that  again.  The  steward  should  have  had  a  room  over  this, 
but  the  disaster  already  referred  to  prevented  it,  and  he  was 
provided  instead  with  a  second  or  inner  chamber  in  the  grain 
store.  The  following  inventory  of  the  contents  of  the  steward's 
chamber  in  the  year  1413,  when  Fromond  was  steward,  contains 
a  reference  to  this  inner  chamber,  which  was  added  long  ago  to 
the  Warden's  lodgings : — '  Unus  lectus  bonus.  Item  le  costerys 
paled  de  albo  et  viridi  ad  suspendend.  ab  hostio  laterino  ad 
hostium  camere '  (curtains  striped  white  and  green  to  hang  across 

•  Every  scholar  had  to  receive  the  first  tonsure  by  the  end  of  his  first  year 
under  pain  of  expulsion ;  and  wearing  the  hair  long  {nutrire  comas)  was  for- 
bidden by  the  Statutes  ;  consequently  his  was  an  important  office. 

'  For  clearing  the  millstream  of  weeds.  A  grapple  is  still  kept  lor  this  purpose. 
The  purchase  for  4^.  of  an  old  scythe  (zythe)  for  cutting  the  weeds  (pro 
aboriginibus  amputandis)  is  recorded  in  the  computus  of  1453. 

D 


34  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

from  the  side  door  of  the  inner  chamber  to  the  door  of  the  prin- 
cipal chamber).  '  Item  una  pulcra  mensa  depicta  cum  diversis 
coloribus  cum  suis  trescellis  flexibilibus  et  una  capsula  pro 
eisdem  custodiend.  et  continet  scaccos  et  taxillos  et  alia  per- 
tinencia  ad  ludum  scaccorum  et  alearum  de  every  {sic)  et  cristalle ' 
(a  board  on  folding  legs  or  trestles,  with  a  case,  in  it  pieces, 
dice,  and  other  things  appertaining  to  the  game  at  tables,  and 
dice  of  ivory  and  crystal). 

Next  the  porter's  lodge  comes  the  brew-house,  a  long  unorna- 
mented  building  built  of  chalkstones  and  flint,  and  roofed  with 
Purbeck  slates.  Beyond  it  are  the  slaughter-house^  (now  a 
latrine)  and  the  wood-house.  Beyond  these  is  a  range  of 
stabling,  forming  the  western  end  of  Outer  Court. 

Outer  Court  is  sixty  feet  wide,  and  was  about  two  hundred 
feet  long  before  its  fair  proportions  were  curtailed  by  the  erec- 
tion of  the  modern  front  of  the  Warden's  lodgings.  The  two- 
arched  screen  of  masonry  which  crosses  it  was  erected  in  the 
year  1663,  to  screen  certain  edifices  which  stood  over  the  Lock- 
burn,  then  an  open  sewer.  It  serves  no  useful  purpose  now, 
and  might  be  removed  with  advantage. 

The  wages  of  John  and  Thomas  George  and  Richard  Warden, 
who  built  this  screen,  amounted  to  £11  os.  $d.,  but  the  particu- 
lars are  not  given.    Other  items  are : — 

£  5.  d. 
Fifteen  hundred  bricks  from  Otterborne    .       .       .       .    i  10    o 

A  rudder  to  screen  sand 006 

Wickham  for  eleven  trestles  and  two  centers  .  .  .  o  12  o 
Thomas  George,  pointing  the  masonry  .  .  .  '338 
Mayor  of  Winchester  for  twenty-two  loads  of  stone  ^       .880 

Three  dozen  ridge  tiles 076 

Lawrence,  tiling  the  wall  .  .  .  . '  ,  .  .  o  12  8 
Jerome,  carving  and   gilding  the  Founder's  arms,  and 

colouring  the  lion's  head 080 

Farmer  Wells,  carting  flints  and  sand        .        .        .        -330 

Thirty-three  quarters  of  lime 610 

Fifield,  five  loads  of  stone 250 

Pledger,  carting  away  rubbish 020 

;^26  13    4 


*  The  Society  ceased  to  kill  their  own  meat  in  1697. 

'  No  doubt  from  the  foundations  of  some  monastic  building.    There  is  a 
tradition  that  the  lion's  head  in  the  wall  came  from  St.  Elizabeth's  College. 


The  Fabric.  35 

The  clump  of  pollard  limes  in  front  of  the  screen  is  called 
'Paradise,'  possibly  from  a  fancied  resemblance  to  the  fore- 
court of  the  Roman  Basilica,  which  bears  that  name.  The  en- 
trance to  the  inner  or  Chamber  Court  is  by  the  archway  under 
Middle  Gate  Tower.  On  either  face  of  this  will  be  seen  in  three 
tabernacled  niches  the  figure  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  flanked  by 
figures  of  the  archangel  Gabriel  and  the  founder  on  his  knees, 
the  attitude  in  which  he  is  depicted  in  the  east  window  of  the 
Chapel.  The  figures  looking  south  are  dilapidated,  and  were 
mended  with  Roman  cement  in  1813,  Middle  Gate  Tower 
contains  two  chambers,  one  over  the  other,  which  are  ap- 
proached by  a  turret  staircase  similar  to  the  one  in  Outer 
Gate  Tower.  These  chambers  were  assigned  to  the  Warden, 
and  he  occupied  them  until  he  removed  to  his  lodgings  in  the 
Outer  Court.  Warden  Bilson  (1580-96)  was  the  first  married 
warden,  and  the  last  who  lived  in  these  two  chambers.  Peter 
Martyr's  wife  (he  followed  Luther's  example  and  married  a 
nun)  was  the  first  woman  that  lived  in  any  College  or  Hall  at 
Oxford,  and  Mrs.  Bilson  was  the  first  woman  who  lived  in 
Winchester  College.  The  lower  one  of  these  chambers  is 
called  Election  Chamber,  for  the  reason  that  the  ceremony  of 
electing  scholars  was  performed  in  it  until  recent  changes. 
It  is  wainscoted,  and  was  warmed  by  means  of  a  brazier  until 
the  year  1555,  when  a  chimney  was  built  and  a  fireplace  added. 
The  College  tutor  occupies  it  now,  as  well  as  the  chamber 
above  it,  which  was  restored  in  1887. 

Chamber  Court  measures  a  hundred  and  fifteen  feet  from 
east  to  west,  and  a  little  less  from  north  to  south.  It  is  paved 
with  cobble-stones  and  flints,  surrounded  by  a  border  of  flag- 
stones known  as  '  Sands.'  *  Pro  novis  lapidibus  in  ambulachro 
dicto  ly  Sands'  occurs  in  the  accounts  of  the  year  1674. 
There  is  a  tradition  that  the  flints  replace  the  cobble-stones 
which  the  juniors  were  made  to  carry  for  aggressive  pur- 
poses to  the  top  of  Middle  Gate  Tower  during  the  rebellion 
of  1793. 

The  chambers — the  residential  portion  of  the  fabric — sur- 
round three  sides  of  this  court,  and  are  entered  by  plain  pointed 
arches  with  corbels  of  various  designs.  They  were  of  two 
floors  until  the  seventeenth  century,  when  a  third  or  attic  floor 
was  formed   in  the  roof.     The  windows,  of  two  lights,  with 

D  2 


36  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

cinquefoiled  heads  and  transoms,  were  modernised  in  the  year 
1812,  and  are  now  square-headed,  with  hood  moulds  and  corbels 
of  appropriate  design  \ 

Six  of  the  ground-floor  chambers,  known  as  First,  Second, 
&c.,  housed  the  scholars.  These  chambers  were  floored  with 
chalk,  rammed  hard  on  a  bottom  of  flints,  like  the  floor  of  any 
old  Hampshire  barn.  Floors  of  oak  were  laid  over  these  in 
the  year  1540  at  the  expense,  according  to  tradition,  of  Dean 
Fleshmonger,  an  old  Wykehamist.  The  present  oak  floors 
were  laid  early  in  the  present  century.  In  these  six  chambers 
the  seventy  scholars  studied  and  slept.  Quite  recently, 
separate  studies  have  been  provided,  and  nearly  all  the  boys 
sleep  off  the  ground  floor.  The  Statutes  required  that  all 
except  the  youngest  should  have  separate  beds.  Conse- 
quently sixty- four  bedsteads  were  ordered  at  the  opening  of  the 
College.  These  bedsteads  were  of  oak  and  cost  one  shilling 
each.  They  seem  to  have  been  mere  trays  to  hold  the  straw  on 
which  the  scholars  lay.  *  Clean  straw '  is  a  '  notion '  for  clean 
sheets  to  this  day.  Dean  Fleshmonger  replaced  these  bed- 
steads at  his  own  expense  with  others  of  oak,  having  heads  or 
testers.  One  of  this  class  of  bedsteads  is  kept  in  Sixth  Cham- 
ber as  a  curiosity.  In  memory  of  Fleshmonger's  benefactions 
the  Society  ordained  that  a  mass  should  be  sung  for  him  daily 
in  each  chamber  at  the  sound  of  the  second  bell  for  matins. 
Every  other  article  of  chamber-stock  the  scholars  provided  for 
themselves.  Consequently  the  inventories  are  silent  as  to  the 
contents  of  the  scholars'  chambers. 

The  upstairs  chambers  bore  the  same  numbers  as  the  cham- 
bers underneath  which  they  corresponded  to.  First,  Second, 
and  Third  were  designed  for  nine  of  the  Fellows.  Fourth 
was  the  aula  custodis  in  which  he  entertained  visitors  officially 
and  received  the  supervisors  during  Election  week.  Fifth 
Chamber  was  appropriated  to  the  Commoners,  until  it  was 
added  to  the  schoolmaster's  apartments  under   Dr.  Burton  ^ 

^  E.  g.  a  head,  with  hand  moulding  a  youth's  head,  over  the  doorway  leading 
to  Election  chamber :  a  psaltery  and  bagpipe  over  the  staircase  leading  to 
hall :  Excess,  a  head  vomiting,  and  a  manciple  with  his  cash  box  over  the 
kitchen  windows.  The  corbels  of  the  windows  of  Fromond's  chantry  likewise 
repay  examination. 

'  '  Sol.  pro  V  modiis  albedinis  (of  whiting)  ij  modiis  sabuli  at  uno  crinis  (of 


The  Fabric.  37 

All  these  chambers,  and  the  attics  over  them,  are  now  dormi- 
tories. Sixth  was  assigned  to  the  schoolmaster,  usher,  and 
remaining  fellow.  Every  Fellow  had  a  separate  museum  or 
study  in  the  chamber  which  he  lived  in ;  and  when  the  attics 
were  made,  each  chamber  became  a  set  of  chambers  containing 
several  rooms.  The  following  particulars  of  Third  (tertia  camera 
magistrorum)  come  from  an  inventory  of  the  year  1670.  In 
addition  to  the  great  or  common  chamber,  entered  from  the 
staircase,  it  contained  a  gallery  on  that  floor,  and  on  the  second 
or  attic  floor  a  room  over  the  gallery,  which  can  have  been  no 
better  than  a  passage,  and  the  private  studies  of  Chalkhill,  Ken ', 
and  Coles,  the  three  Fellows  who  occupied  the  set  at  that 
time. 

These  galleries  were  a  feature  in  the  original  design.  They 
afforded  a  passage  on  the  first  floor  by  means  of  which  the 
occupant  of  any  chamber  on  that  floor,  or  the  Warden  himself, 
might  pay  a  visit  to  any  other  chamber  on  that  floor  without 
going  downstairs  into  the  court. 

A  ground-floor  chamber  behind  Sixth,  known  as  Seventh 
chamber  **,  was  the  abode  of  the  choristers.  It  was  approached 
by  the  doorway  in  the  north-western  corner  of  Chamber  Court, 
which  now  leads  to  the  Fellows'  common-room,  and  in  the  early 
days  of  Dr.  Burton  gave  access  to  the  quarters  of  his  com- 
moners. References  occur  in  the  books  to  this  chamber  and  to 
the  'scola  choristarum,'  which  was  on  the  ground  floor  next  the 
kitchen,  with  a  window  (now  converted  into  a  door),  looking 
into  Chamber  Court.  I  find  in  the  computus  for  the  year  1543 
the  following  entries: — 'Sol.  Joh.  Clement  pro  clave  ostii 
camerae  choristarum,  m]d.  ....  Sol.  praeposito  domus  Ste. 
Crucis  pro  una  lapidea  fenestra  pro  scola  choristarum  cum 
cariagio  et  comunis,  xjs.'  A  Fellow  named  William  Nyghtyn- 
gale,  who  devised  quit-rents  amounting  to  28s.  /[d.  yearly,  and 
a  tenement  in  Winnall,  as  a  provision  for  his  obit  in  the  year 
1467,  directed  that  each  of  the  six  chambers  should  receive  6d.,  and 


cowhair)  el  clavis  ad  clathros  (laths)  absumptis  in  alligando  et  reparando  cubi- 
culum  commensalium,  iijs.  ixrf.'  is  an  entry  in  the  bursar's  book  of  1664. 

*  Afterwards  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells. 

'  Not  the  present  Seventh  chamber,  which  was  originally  the  schoolroom,  and 
began  to  be  called  '  Seventh '  when  the  '  School '  was  built  under  Warden 
Nicholas. 


38  Annals  0/  Winchester  College. 

the  Seventh  or  choristers'  chamber  /[d.  on  the  anniversary  of  his 
death.  The  will,  dated  in  the  year  1472,  of  Richard  Rede, 
janitor  or  porter  of  Wolvesey  Castle,  who  devised  lands  called 
Gordon's  ^  in  East  Worldham  to  Winchester  College,  contains 
a  similar  provision.  The  situation  of  this  Seventh  chamber  is 
fixed  by  the  bursar's  book  of  the  year  1663,  which  describes  the 
screen  of  masonry^  in  the  Outer  Court  as  'murus  transversus 
a  brasino  ad  cubiculum  choristarum.'  Early  in  the  seventeenth 
century  this  chamber  became  a  store  for  lime,  &c.,  and  the 
choristers  were  allowed  to  live  with  their  friends  in  the  town, 
with  the  result  that  one  would  expect.  The  supervisors  say  in 
the  year  163 1  that  they 

(i)  Run  about  in  hats. 

(2)  Come  not  to  school. 

(3)  Few  if  any  of  them  have  surplices. 

(4)  Only  two  or  three  can  sing. 

This  state  of  things  continued  until  the  year  1810,  when  the 
Warden  and  Fellows  bought  the  lease  of  a  house  in  College 
Street,  and  put  the  choristers  into  it  under  the  superintendence 
of  a  person  appointed  for  the  purpose.  Many  Wykehamists 
remember  the  late  Mr.  William  Whiting,  who  acted  for  so  many 
years  in  that  capacity,  and  is  best  known  as  the  author  of 
Eternal  Father,  strong  to  save,*  the  beautiful  hymn  for  those 
At  sea.  This  house,  which  had  formed  part  of  the  old  Cheyney 
Court,  answered  its  purpose  indifferently  well  until  the  year 
1882,  when  the  choir  school  in  Kingsgate  Street  was  built  on 
the  site  of  the  old  Crown  Inn  '. 

The  chamber  over  the  scola  choristarum  was  appropriated  to 
the  three  chaplains.  It  is  now  the  Second  Master's  drawing- 
room. 

*  One  would  scarcely  expect  to  find  a  name  which  in  Milton's  opinion  '  would 
have  made  Quintilian  stare  and  gasp '  localized  in  East  Hampshire  in  the 
fifteenth  century :  but  in  fact  Gordon  or  Gurdon  was  a  common  name  in  that 
quarter  of  England.  Witness  Adam  de  Gurdon,  the  outlaw,  who  had  the  single 
combat  with  Prince  Edward  in  the  forest  between  Selborne  and  Alton, 

*  Ante,  p.  34, 

'  The  title  to  this  site  can  be  traced  back  to  the  year  1407,  when  Nicholas 
Kerby,  the  owner,  devised  it  to  his  daughter  Alice  by  the  description  of 
his  messuage,  '  Situm  in  occidentali  parte  Kyngatcstrete  inter  venellam  que 
ducit  ad  ecclesiam  beati  Michaelis  ex  parte  australi  et  tenemcntum  Walteri 
Botchere  ex  parte  altera.'    It  was  held  of  the  See  of  Winchester. 


The  Fabric.  39 

The  bakehouse  was  a  building  with  a  skilling  or  lean-to  roof, 
against  the  back  of  the  choristers'  chamber.  It  and  the  gateway 
at  the  south-west  corner  of  Outer  Court  were  built  two  or  three 
years  after  the  opening  day.  Over  the  bakehouse,  abutting  on 
the  west  end  of  the  Sixth  upstairs  or  schoolmaster's  chamber, 
a  benefactor  named  Thomas  Watson,  of  whom  nothing  further 
is  known,  built  in  the  year  1551  a  Fellows'  Common-Room 
(domus  pro  aisiamento  sociorum),  with  flints  and  stone  from 
the  dissolved  house  of  the  Austin  Friars '  without  the  South- 
gate  of  Winchester,  at  a  total  cost  of  £106  3s.  zd. 

The  kitchen  occupies  the  rest  of  the  western  side  of  Chamber 
Court.  It  is  a  lofty  room  reaching  to  the  roof,  with  four 
windows  to  let  out  the  smoke  and  smell  of  cooking.  The 
lower  halves  of  two  of  these  windows  were  blocked  up  in  the 
year  1514.     Brick  was  used  on  this  occasion  for  the  first  time  : 

*In  sol.  Will"*"  Grawnte  laboranti  in  coquina  mense  Junii  circa 
obstructionem  ij  fenestrarum  in  parte  occidentali  coquinae  per  v. 
dies,  capienti  per  diem  iiij<i  cum  xv^  sol.  uni  servienti  sibi,  capienti  p. 
diem  iij<*  et  xx'^  pro  eorum  comunis,  iiij^  vij"^.  Et  sol.  Colswayne 
pro  breke  ad  id  opus  iij'  cum  xij*^  sol.  pro  j  quarteria  calcis  adustae 
et  viij  pro  j  pott  sabuli,  iiij*  viij"*.' 

The  lobby  and  music  room  were  carved  out  of  the  kitchen  in 
the  sixteenth  century. 

In  this  lobby  hangs  the  painting  of  the  Trusty  Servant. 
This  Abraxas  of  the  sixteenth  century  wears  a  serving  man's 
blue  coat  "^^  with  vest  and  bands  ;  and  has  the  head  of  a  swine, 
the  ears  of  an  ass,  and  the  feet  of  a  hart.  A  padlock  is  on  his 
lips.  The  arms  are  upraised,  the  right  hand  is  open,  the  left 
hand  is  closed  on  a  broom,  a  shovel,  and  a  fork ;  a  sword 
hangs  by  his  side,  and  a  buckler  is  on  his  left  arm. 

These  attributes  are  described  in  the  following  lines  on 
the  wall : — 

*  Effigiem  servi  si  vis  spectare  probati 

Quisquis  es  haec  oculos  pascet  imago  tuos. 

*  One  of  the  small  religious  houses  which  came  to  the  College  under  the  ex- 
change with  Henry  VIII  to  be  mentioned  in  Chapter  xv.  It  stood  as  nearly  as 
possible  where  St.  Michael's  Rectory  now  stands. 

'  Originally  buflf  but  paii\ted  blue,  turned  up  with  red,  like  the  Windsor  uni- 
form, when  George  III  visited  the  College  in  1778. 


40  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Porcinum  os,  quocunque  cibo  jejunia  sedat ; 

Haec  sera,  consilium  ne  fluat,  arcta  premit. 
Dat  patientem  asinus  dominis  jurgantibus  aurem, 

Cervus,  habet  celeres  ire,  redire,  pedes. 
Laeva  docet  multum  tot  rebus  onusta  laborem, 

Vestis,  munditiem,  dextera  aperta,  fidem  : 
Accinctus  gladio,  clypeo  munitus,  et  inde 

Vel  se  vel  dominum  quo  tue.atur  habet.' 

'  A  Trusty  servant's  portrait  would  you  see  ? 
This  emblematic  figure  well  survey, 
The  porkers  snout,  not  nice  in  diet  shows, 
The  padlock  shut,  no  secrets  he'll  disclose : 
Patient,  the  ass  his  master's  rage  will  bear, 
Swiftness  in  errand,  the  stag's  feet  declare ; 
Loaded  his  left  hand  apt  to  labour  saith ; 
The  vest,  his  neatness,  open  hand,  his  faith : 
Girt  with  his  sword,  his  shield  upon  his  arm, 
Himself  and  master  he'll  protect  from  harm.' 

It  is  not  known  where  the  figure  came  from.  The  imple- 
ments in  the  left  hand,  and  the  scenery  in  the  background, 
indicate  a  German  or  Flemish  origin,  the  broom  being  exactly 
that  which  the  Flemish  *  Buy  a  Broom  '  girls  used  to  offer  for 
sale  in  the  streets  of  London  seventy  years  ago.  The  first 
allusion  to  the  figure  in  the  bursar's  books  occurs  in  1628. 
'  Hieronymo  pictori  pro  reparanda  effigie  Dni  Fundatoris  in 
aula  et  servi  ante  culinam.'  A  similar  figure  is,  or  was  lately, 
the  sign  of  an  inn  at  Minestead,  in  the  New  Forest. 

The  Rev.  W.  H.  Gunner  thought  that  the  Latin  lines  were 
by  Christopher  Jonson  (Head-master  1560-71)  \  The  writer  is 
indebted  to  Mr.  Horace  Kelway  Pope,  of  Southampton,  for  the 
reference  to  A  Communicant  Instructed,  by  Robert  Hill,  D.D. 
(London,  1613),  which  contains  the  following  dialogue  : — 

Quest.  How  may  a  good  manservant  be  described  ? 

Ans.  You  told  me  that  you  had  seen  him  thus  described  in  print. 
He  must  have — 

1.  The  snout  of  a  swine  to  be  content  with  any  fare. 

2.  A  locke  on  his  mouth  to  keep  his  masters  secrets. 

3.  The  long  ears  of  the  ass,  to  hearken  to  his  master's  command- 
ments. 

4.  Good  apparell  on  his  back,  for  his  master's  tredit. 

'  Notes  and  Queries,  Series  I,  Vol.  vi.  417. 


The  Fabric.  41 

5.  A  sword  and  buckler  on  his  right  arm  for  his  master's  defence. 

6.  On  his  left  arm  a  currycombe  for  his  horse,  a  beesome  for  his 
chamber  and  a  brush  for  his  apparell,  as  one  ready  for  any  service. 

7.  The  eyes  of  an  eagle  to  see  into  that  which  may  be  for  his 
master's  good. 

8.  The  feet  of  a  hinde  to  go  with  speed  about  his  master's  business. 

The  kitchen  had  no  chimney  till  1520,  when  a  chimney  with 
two  flues  (tonnelli)  was  built,  at  the  cost  of  John  Webbe,  one 
of  the  Fellows.  Until  then,  the  cooking  was  done  over  an 
open  hearth,  in  the  middle  of  the  floor.  An  iron  bar  across 
the  kitchen  had  a  number  of  brass  pots  of  all  sizes  hanging 
from  it  by  iron  crooks ;  and  when  the  cook  wanted  to  boil  any- 
thing he  put  it  into  a  pot  of  the  right  size,  and  drew  the  pot 
along  the  iron  bar  to  its  place  over  the  fire.  The  biggest  pot 
of  all  was  called  *  Colman,'  for  what  reason  does  not  appear. 
Any  meat  that  was  roasted  was  turned  over  the  fire  on  a  hori- 
zontal spit  by  the  garcio  coquinae. 

The  scholars  washed  under  a  penthouse  in  Chamber  Court, 
against  the  wall  of  the  kitchen.  Marks  on  the  wall  show  the 
height  and  pitch  of  the  roof  of  this  penthouse.  William  Iken- 
ham,  the  carpenter,  was  paid  47s.  in  1399  for  making  the 
original  penthouse  and  a  windlass  (machina)  to  the  well  in  the 
kitchen,  which  supplied  the  conduit  under  the  penthouse. 
Baths  (lavacra)  of  stone  and  basins  (pelves)  of  lead  under  this 
penthouse  are  frequently  referred  to. 

The  conduit  was  rebuilt  in  1651  of  timber,  with  a  portico 
supported  by  five  wooden  columns  of  the  Ionic  order  \  It  was 
removed  about  fifty  years  ago,  when  the  ordinary  conveniences 
for  washing  were  provided  in  Chambers.  The  penthouse  is 
figured  in  the  view  of  Chamber  Court  in  Ball's  Historical 
Account  of  Winchester,  p.  154. 

There  was  another  conduit  in  the  Cloisters  for  the  use  of  the 
senior  members  of  the  Society.  '  In  reparacione  lavacri  in 
claustro  iij</.'  occurs  in  9  H.  VI. 

A  flight  of  stone  steps,  replacing  the  original  flitches  of  oak, 

'  Cost  of  sawing  nine  hundred  feet  of  timber  for  columns,  &c.,  of  the  new 
conduit,  19s.  6d. ;  Colston,  turning  five  columns,  £i  as.  6rf. ;  Jerome,  carving 
the  capitals  and  the  Founder's  arms,  15  days,  ^\  los. ;  an  elm  board  to  cut  the 
arms  on,  4s.  6d. ;  Bernard,  mason,  pulling  down  the  old  conduit  and  laying 
bases  for  the  columns,  &c.,  25J  days,  (,1  14s. :  painting  and  gilding  the 
Founder's  arms,  columns,  capitals  and  roof,  (^4  ^os. 


43  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

in  the  south-west  corner  of  the  quadrangle,  leads  to  the  Hall. 
As  he  ascends  the  Hall  stairs,  the  visitor  sees  before  him  the 
remains  of  the  lantern,  carved  in  stone,  which  lighted  the  stair- 
case. Here,  too,  was  *  la  Vyse,'  the  parvise,  or  porch,  which 
is  mentioned  in  the  earliest  computus  rolls.  The  valvae,  or 
folding-doors  of  oak,  and  the  sliding  bolt  to  secure  them  against 
force  from  without,  should  also  be  noticed.  The  Hall  is  sixty- 
three  feet  long  by  thirty  wide.  The  dimensions  of  New  College 
Hall  are  eighty  feet  by  forty.  It  is  lighted  by  three  lofty  two- 
light  Perpendicular  windows  on  the  south  side,  and  two  on 
the  north,  divided  by  transoms.  The  ceiling  is  of  oak,  the 
groining  ribs  resting  on  corbels  representing  the  heads  of  kings 
and  prelates  alternately.  The  middle  of  the  roof  was  raised 
higher  than  the  rest,  and  had  apertures  at  the  sides  for  ventila- 
tion, as  in  the  roof  of  the  brewhouse ;  but  this  bit  of  original 
work  was  not  reproduced  when  the  roof  was  renewed  in  1817. 
Mr.  Garbett,  the  architect  who  restored  the  Cathedral,  was 
consulted  at  that  time,  and  found  that  about  one-third  of  the 
massive  oak  rafters  were  decayed  where  they  rested  on  the 
plate,  owing  to  defects  in  the  lead  letting  in  the  wet,  and  he 
advised  that  the  rotten  timbers  should  be  replaced  with  new ; 
describing  the  roof  as  an  admirable  specimen,  in  design  and 
execution,  of  the  work  of  the  Founder's  period.  He  says  at 
the  conclusion  of  his  report : — 

*  Upon  the  Survey  of  such  a  specimen  of  ancient  Carpentry,  the 
Reporter  begs  leave  to  embrace  the  opportunity  it  affords  of  paying 
his  humble  tribute  of  admiration  of  the  simple  elegance  display'd  in 
the  design  of  this  Roof,  the  scientific  principles  of  its  construction, 
the  care  with  which  the  Materials  must  have  been  selected,  and  the 
accuracy  with  which  the  workmanship  was  executed.  To  this  com- 
bination of  excellence  he  attributes  the  preservation  of  the  work 
nearly  intire  through  four  Centuries,  while  works  of  contemporary 
and  of  subsequent  origin  have  ceased  to  exist,  and  have  given  place 
to  others  by  no  means  favourable  to  a  comparison  of  Modern  with 
ancient  Taste,  and  Art.  It  must  not  however  be  concealed  that  the 
Timbers  which  exhibit  such  a  striking  proof  of  the  durability  of  that 
Material  when  properly  selected  and  apply'd,  are  of  such  dimensions 
that  the  expence  of  renewing  the  whole  according  to  the  original 
design  would  be  very  great ;  but  when  it  is  considered  that  one  third 
of  the  principal  Timber,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the  inferior  Timber 
and  ornaments  may  be  preserved  throughout  the  greater  part,  if  not 
the  whole,  of  another  Century,  the  circumstances  appear  favourable 


The  Fabric.  43 

for  perpetuating  so  venerable  an  example  of  Carpentry  according  to 
its  original  design.' 

Local  influence,  however,  prevailed.  A  new  roof  was  put  on, 
and  a  costly  job  it  proved  to  be.  Thirty  oak  trees,  measuring 
forty  loads,  were  bought  for  £440  19s.  7^.  The  carpenter's 
bill  was  £1710,  and  the  bricklayers'  and  plumbers'  bills,  with 
the  cost  of  scaffolding,  brought  up  the  total  to  nearly  £2900. 
The  professional  charges  seem  a  mere  fraction  of  what  they 
would  be  nowadays.  Mr.  Garbett  had  only  £5  5s.  for  his 
elaborate  and  valuable  report,  and  £13  13s.  for  the  drawings 
for  the  new  roof;  and  Mr.  Forder,  the  College  surveyor,  was 
paid  only  £20  for  superintending  the  work,  measuring  it,  and 
checking  the  tradesmen's  bills. 

The  floor  of  the  Hall  was  paved  at  first.  Rushes  to  strew  it 
at  Christmas  and  on  St.  John  the  Baptist's  Day  and  the  Annun- 
ciation cost  6s.  3^.  in  1393.  Similar  entries  occur  frequently. 
A  charge  for  taking  up  and  re-laying  the  pavement  occurs  in 
1412.  Hall  was  repaved  in  1542,  when  a  thousand  feet  of 
paving  at  2,d.,  and  a  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet  of  gutter  stone 
at  4fl?.  were  used.  The  present  oak  floor  was  laid  in  1821,  at  a 
cost  of  £491  55.  ^d. 

Warmth  was  provided  in  cold  weather  by  a  fire  on  an  open 
hearth  in  the  middle  of  the  Hall.  The  Statutes  contain  a 
pleasant  allusion  to  the  scholars  sitting  round  the  charcoal  fire 
after  dinner  on  feast  days  in  winter,  and  spending  the  time  in 
singing  and  telling  stories  until  curfew. 

The  walls  are  of  flint  and  chalk,  under  a  coating  of  plaster. 
In  1399  they  were  hung  with  four  'dorsals'  of  worsted,  con- 
taining four  bolts — a  bolt  measures  twenty-four  ells — at  the  cost 
of  28s.,  including  the  making  and  carriage  from  Staines.  These 
hangings  seem  to  have  been  frequently  renewed.  Dr.  John 
Selott  (admitted  1428)  gave  hangings  of  red  worsted  in  the 
year  1470.  '  Sol.  Ric.  Yordan  pro  vectura  le  rede  worstede  dat. 
Coll.  per  mag.  Joh.  Selott  pro  aula  comuni  xv^.'  About  the 
year  1540  Dean  Fleshmonger  gave  the  oaken  panelling,  which 
was  in  part  renewed  in  1820,  when  the  screen  in  front  of  the 
hatches  was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  £200. 

The  portrait  of  Wykeham  which  hangs  at  the  upper  end  of 
Hall  was  bought  in  1597  for  £4  12s.  6d.  Nothing  is  known 
of  its  previous  history. 


44  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

The  lighting  after  dark  seems  to  have  been  by  means  of  oil 
lamps.  A  reference  occurs  in  1575  to  a  '  navis/  or  pendant 
lamp,  shaped  like  a  boat,  which  was  repaired  in  that  year  by  one 
who  was  a  prisoner  for  debt  in  the  gaol  of  the  Cheyney  Court. 
Candles  were  used  in  the  last  century,  and  until  gas  came  in. 

The  arrangement  of  the  tables  referred  to  in  Rubric  XIV — a 
middle  table  for  the  Warden,  schoolmaster,  and  senior  fellows, 
with  their  guests,  and  side  tables  for  the  junior  fellows,  chap- 
lains, usher,  and  scholars — was  soon  discontinued,  for  the 
reason  that  the  side  tables  did  not  seat  so  many  comfortably. 
Before  the  year  1437  a  high  table  was  introduced,  at  which  the 
former  occupants  of  the  middle  table  sat,  leaving  the  middle  table 
for  the  junior  fellows,  chaplains,  and  usher.  An  item  of  4s.  for 
twelve  ells  of  table  linen  pro  mensis  lateralibus  scholarium  occur- 
ring in  1432  shows  that  the  scholars'  tables  ran  along  the  sides 
of  Hall  then  as  they  do  now. 

The  hatches  or  butteries  are  on  the  right  hand  as  you  enter 
Hall.  The  first,  where  tea  is  now  made,  was  originally  the 
serving  bar,  and  was  approached  by  a  flight  of  steps  in  the 
kitchen  through  an  archway,  now  built  up,  in  the  wall  within 
the  music  room,  a  more  convenient  way  of  serving  dinner  than 
now,  when  the  dishes  are  carried  by  staggering  choristers  up 
the  common  staircase.  The  next,  or  Middle  Hatch,  which  now 
yields  bread,  butter,  and  cheese,  was  the  panetria,  or  pantry  \ 
The  further  hatch  is  the  botellaria,  or  buttery.  A  spiral  stair- 
case in  the  turret  descends  to  the  cellar  underneath.  Up  this 
staircase  the  beer  was  brought  in  'gispins,'  or  leathern  jacks, 
some  of  which  are  preserved  as  curiosities  in  the  porter's  lodge 
and  elsewhere.  The  tin  cans  now  used  for  drawing  beer  are 
called  '  coppers,'  from  the  circumstance  that  cans  of  that  metal 
were  used  for  that  purpose  when  the  leather  'gispins*  went 
out  of  fashion. 

The  cellar  is  a  chamber  on  the  ground  floor  under  the 
hatches,  with  a  vaulted  stone  ceiling  in  which  the  groining  ribs 
spring  from  corbels  and  unite  in  a  central  stone  shaft,  18  ft. 
3  in.  in  height.  The  dimensions  of  the  cellar,  30  ft.  8  in.  by 
24  ft.  3  in.,  show  what  space  was  considered  necessary  for  the 

*  A  window  of  glass  pulverizati  cum  rosis  ei  liliis  continent,  viij  pedes,  at  Bd. 
per  foot  was  put  up  here  in  1453.  The  price  of  plain  glass  in  the  same  year 
was  6d.  per  foot. 


The  Fabric.  45 

storage  of  beer  in  the  days  when  beer  (potus)  was  the  only 
drink. 

A  spiral  staircase  in  the  same  turret,  which  might  be,  but  is 
not,  a  continuation  of  the  cellar  staircase,  leads  to  the  Treasury 
or  audit-room.  This  chamber  is  divided  into  two  by  a  timber 
partition  of  ancient  date,  the  inner  one  being  that  in  which  the 
audit  was  held  until  twenty  years  ago.  The  floor  is  chiefly 
paved  with  Flemish  tiles,  of  the  sort  described  in  Chapter  VIII. 
Hung  on  the  walls  of  the  inner  chamber  are  some  pieces  of 
arras,  two  of  the  fifteenth  century,  comprising  a  portion  of  the 
story  of  David  and  Abigail,  with  the  following  couplets  : — 

*  Jurare  David  tremuit  in  Nabal  vindicare 
Armigeros  admonuit  stultum  extirpare 
Abigail  percipiens  ineptiam  mariti 
Gravi  David  cupiens  benigne  reniti.' 

Nothing  is  certainly  known  about  these  pieces  of  arras  beyond 
the  fact  that  they  hung  in  the  chamber  of  the  Warden  of  New 
College  ^  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  were 
removed  to  the  place  where  they  now  are  about  the  year  1700. 
It  is  not  at  all  unlikely  that  the  pieces  of  arras  containing  the 
story  of  David  and  Abigail  are  the  remains  of  a  '  mappa  de 
aryse,'  or  a  set  of  hangings  which  Archbishop  Warham  gave  on 
the  occasion  of  his  Metropolitical  Visitation  in  1530.  There 
are  also  two  high-backed  settles  and  one  of  the  original  archae 
or  coffers  with  three  locks  and  keys,  which  were  provided  in 
obedience  to  the  Statutes  (Rubric  XXXIII)  for  the  safe  keeping 
of  valuables.  It  stands  on  one  end  in  a  corner  of  the  chamber, 
and  was  used  to  receive  the  takings  of  the  day  as  long  as  the 
audit  continued  to  be  held  there. 

The  same  spiral  staircase  ascends  to  the  chamber  in  the  roof 
above  and  thence  to  the  roof.  This  chamber  was  the  book 
room  or  library  until  Warden  Pinke  fitted  up  Fromond's  chantry 
for  that  purpose.  It  is  known  as  the  cheese  room  from  the 
circumstance  of  the  year's  stock  of  cheese  having  been  stored 
there  in  the  last  century.     It  is  now  used  as  a  lumber  room. 

Seventh  Chamber,  the  study  for  twenty-eight  boys  underneath 

*  Cf.  Inventory  of  1651.  '  In  the  Warden's  lodgings.  Item.  Two  old  pieces 
of  arras  containing  ye  story  of  David,  whereof  one  is  used  for  a  carpet.  Itet». 
One  large  piece  of  arras  wrought  with  roses  and  crowns.  Item.  Five  other 
pieces  of  arras,  and  a  little  piece  over  ye  bedstead.* 


46  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Hall  \  is  what  is  left  of  the  ancient  school-room.  Before  Seventh 
Chamber  passage  was  taken  out  of  it  in  1689,  in  order  to  give 
access  to  '  School '  then  newly  built,  it  was  45  ft.  6  in.  in  length. 
It  is  28  ft.  10  in.  wide  and  15  ft.  3  in.  from  the  present  floor  to 
the  ceiling.  These  dimensions  give  a  space  of  about  250 
cubic  feet  for  each  of  the  80  scholars  and  commoners  who 
pursued  their  studies  in  it'^.  The  floor  space,  however,  was 
only  15  square  feet  per  scholar.  The  room  was  lighted 
— well  lighted — by  three  windows,  one  of  which  has  been  taken 
to  form  the  passage  above  referred  to.  It  was  without  a  fire- 
place until  one  was  built  at  the  time  when  it  was  converted 
into  a  dormitory.  Christopher  Jonson  tells  us  that  the  ceiling, 
i.  e.  the  floor  of  the  Hall  above,  was  supported  on  four  oaken 
posts  ^ ;  that  the  raised  seats  in  the  windows  were  designed 
for  the  prefects,  to  the  intent  that  they  might  overlook  the 
juniors  ;  that  there  was  a  map  of  the  world*  on  the  north  wall, 
and  some  quotations  from  Quintilian  on  the  east  wall ;  and  that 
the  Wykehamical  emblems  now  in  School  were  painted  on  the 
west  wall  \  Beneath  the  emblems  stood  the  rostrum,  from  which 
pieces  were  spoken.  There  were  thrones  or  raised  seats  (desks 
is  the  Eton  word)  for  the  Schoolmaster  and  the  Usher.  A 
throne  for  the  schoolmaster  was  bought  in  1655  to  replace  an 
older  one.  *  Pro  cathedra  in  schola  pro  Mro  informatore  vijs.* 
is  the  entry  in  the  bursar's  book  for  that  year. 

The  chapel  occupies  the  rest  of  the  south  side  of  the  quad- 
rangle. The  reader  should  bear  in  mind  that  it  was  designed 
for  a  foundation  of  105  persons  only®.     It  is  93  ft.  long,  30 

*  Which  is  called  a  seller  Hall  once  or  twice  in  the  computus  rolls  from  the 
circumstance  of  its  being  over  this  chamber. 

*  In  the  case  of  Public  Elementary  Schools  the  Education  Code  requires 
a  space  of  eighty  cubic  feet  per  '  unit  of  average  attendance.' 

*  *  Quatuor  iliceis  fulcris  schola  nostra  quiescit.' 

*  A  nevf  one  was  bought  in  1657  for  jTi  17s.  6d. 

^  '  Murus  ad  occasum  capit  hoc  insigne  decorum  Aut  Disce^  &c. 
•  Warden    . 


Fellows    . 

.     10 

Masters     . 

s 

There  are  sixty-four  seats 

Chaplains . 

•      3 

in  the  present  choir,  which 

Lay  Clerks 

.      3 

is  less  than  the  original  one 

Scholars   . 

.     70 

by  the  breadth  of  one  win- 

Choristers 

.     16 

dow. 

105 


The  Fabric.  47 

wide,  and  57  high  internally.  New  College  chapel,  which 
was  designed  for  a  foundation  of  a  similar  number  of  persons, 
is  150  ft.  long,  and  proportionably  wider  and  higher. 

Of  the  original  design,  little  is  left  beyond  the  four  walls  and 
the  roof.  Even  the  level  of  the  floor  has  been  altered  quite 
recently  by  elevating  the  east  end,  with  the  result  of  dwarfing 
the  reredos  and  doorway  leading  to  the  sacristy.  Fortunately 
the  ceiling  with  its  admirable  fan  tracery,  which  was  imitated  two 
generations  later  in  stone  by  the  architect  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  remains,  and  underwent  merely  necessary  repairs 
when  the  outer  roof  of  timber  covered  with  lead  was  renewed  in 
1817. 

The  stalls  in  the  choir,  the  stained  glass  in  the  windows,  and 
the  paintings  on  the  walls,  are  alluded  to  in  the  Statutes  ^ ;  and 
there  is  no  sufficient  reason  for  doubting  that;  the  structure  was 
roofed  in,  and  so  far  completed  by  the  opening  day  as  to  be  fit 
for  the  performance  of  Divine  service.  It  has  been  doubted 
whether  this  was  the  case,  from  the  circumstance  of  the  altar 
not  being  consecrated  until  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1395 ;  but 
consecration  was  regarded  in  the  fourteenth  century,  more 
perhaps  than  now,  as  an  act  which  might  be  postponed  until 
a  convenient  season  ^  The  work  of  completion  and  improve- 
ment went  on  for  several  years  after  the  opening. 

The  choir  and  sacristy  were  paved  in  1397,  and  the  ante- 
chapel  was  paved  in  1399,  partly  with  *  pavynston  *  and  partly 
with  a  square  red  tile  made  of  clay  from  Farnham,  which  was 
brought  all  the  way  to  Otterborne,  for  the  purpose  of  being 
made  into  tiles  there. 

The  principal  entrance  to  the  chapel  was  by  the  arched  door- 
way between  the  third  and  fourth  buttresses  in  Chamber  Court, 
which  was  built  up  in  1680.  The  arms  carved  on  a  stone  over 
the  arch  are  the  arms  of  the  Uvedale  family.  The  old  manor 
house  belonging  to  that  family  at  Wickham,  in  Hampshire, 

*  Rubr.  xliii. 

'  As  a  general  rule  a  church  is  to  be  consecrated  as  soon  as  may  be.  But  the 
canon  law  supposes  that  with  the  consent  of  the  bishop,  Divine  service  may  be 
performed  and  the  sacraments  administered  in  churches  not  yet  consecrated 
(Gibson's  Codex,  190).  The  Church  of  England,  however,  has  always  looked 
upon  the  rite  of  consecration  as  of  the  highest  necessity.  As  early  as  the  year 
1075  a  canon  of  a  council  at  Winchester  ordered  ut  in  ecclesiis  nisi  ab  episcopis 
consecratis  missae  non  celebrentur  (Wilkins,  Concilia,  i.  365). 


48  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

became  the  property  of  Jonathan  Rashleigh,  Esq.,  who  pulled  it 
down  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago,  and  gave  the  stone  to  Mr. 
Purnell,  a  Fellow  of  the  College,  who  caused  it  to  be  inserted 
where  it  now  is  about  the  year  1780,  and  added  the  inscription 
Uvedallus  Patronus  Wiccami\  The  Statutes  enjoin  that  a 
copy  of  the  '  cedula '  "^  or  notice  of  a  forthcoming  election  of 
scholars  shall  be  posted  on  the  vulvae  or  folding-doors  of  this 
entrance  to  the  chapel.  There  is  another  entrance  through  the 
sacristy,  and  a  third — the  principal  one  now — from  the  vestibule, 
of  which  presently. 

The  interior  of  the  Chapel  was  parted  into  two  unequal  por- 
tions, the  choir  (chorus)  and  ante-chapel  (capella)  by  the  rood- 
loft.  This  was  a  gallery  supported  by  a  transverse  beam  of  oak 
at  a  considerable  height  above  the  ground  \  Access  to  the 
rood-loft  was  obtained  by  means  of  a  spiral  staircase  in  the  turret 
on  the  south  side  of  the  building,  leading  ultimately  to  the  roof. 
The  doorway  in  the  fourth  window  on  that  side  fixes  the  exact 
situation  and  height  of  the  rood-loft.  It  was  wide  enough  to 
hold  one  of  the  two  organs  *.  In  the  gallery  stood  a  lofty  rood 
or  cross  (patibulum),  with  the  image  of  the  Crucified  Saviour 
upon  it,  flanked  by  images  of  our  Lady  and  St.  John.  These 
images  were  set  up  in  1415.  They  were  carved  and  coloured 
in  London,  and  cost  £11  9s.,  including  the  hire  of  a  room 
while  the  paint  was  hardening,  and  the  cost  of  packing  sheets 
and  carriage. 

The  following  references  to  them  occur  in  the  computus  of 
1415  :— 

Sol.  pro  sculptura  ymaginum  B.  Mariae  Crucifixi  et  Sti 
Johannis  una  cum  meremio  (timber)  empt.  pro  eisdem 
Londini  quae  stare  debent  in  Capella Ixviij^  iiij^ 

*  See  as  to  this,  Chapter  vii,  note.  Since  the  above  sentence  was  written,  the 
coat  of  arms  has  been  carved  afresh  at  the  expense  of  G.  W.  G.  Leveson- 
Gower,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  the  author  of  Notices  of  the  Family  of  Uvedale,  ofTitsey, 
Surrey,  and  Wickham,  Hampshire,  which  originally  appeared  in  the  Surrey 
Archaeological  Collections. 

*  This  word  has  come  into  use  again  within  the  last  few  years  to  denote  bonds 
of  the  Argentine  Government. 

^  This  beam  was  renewed  in  1476,  '  Sol.  Will.  Assh,  Lathomo,  laboranti  in 
ecclesia  pro  magno  heme  introducendo  et  locando  le  rodelofte,  viijrf. 

*  '  Sol.  Robto  Joyner  venienti  a  Sarum  pro  reparacione  organorum  in  pulpito 
iiJ5.  iiijc//  occurs  in  the  computus  for  1477. 


The  Fabric.  49 

Et  pro  factura  patibuli  Crucifix!  et  pro  meremio  empt. 
pro  eodem xxij» 

Et  pro  pictura  ymaginum  et  patibuli  sive  crucis  prae- 
dictae iiij'  x"  iiij* 

Et  pro  portatione  praedict.  ymag.  ad  manus  artificum  ad 
diversa  loca  Londin.  un&  cum  expensis  unius  hominis  pro 
dictis  operibus vij' 

Et  pro  domo  conducts  ad  conservandas  ymagines  post 
depictionem x* 

Et  in  III  'Cases'  factis  de  tabulis  ad  imponendas  dictas 
ymagines  cum  clavis  pro  eisdem  empt.  et  pro  panno  lineo 
pro  indempnitate  tempore  cariagii xiv^  ij* 

Et  pro  cariagio  praed.  ymag.  et  crucis  a  Londin.  usque 
Wynton xvj'  iiij* 

Et  sol.  Will.  Ikenham  pro  factura  iij  bases  ligneorum 
pro  dicta  cruce  et  p'dict.  ymagin.  ponend.  una  cum  posi- 
cione  earundem  supra  diet,  bases xx« 

These  were  the  '  ymages '  which,  in  or  about  the  year  1536,  the 
iconoclast  usher  Master  Ford,  if  we  believe  Strype's  story ',  tied 
a  cord  to  and  pulled  down  when  nobody  was  looking ;  leading, 
as  Strype  adds,  a  dog's  life  afterwards  in  consequence.  These 
*  ymages '  were  destroyed  in  or  about  the  second  year  of  King 
Edward  VI  in  consequence  of  Cranmer's  mandate  ad  amo- 
vendas  et  delendas  imagines  of  February  4,  1547-8  ^.  The  rood- 
loft  remained  intact  until  1572,  when  it  was  removed,  and  a 
pulpit  and  choir  screen  were  erected.  This  pulpit  stood  against 
the  north  wall  of  the  choir.  It  had  a  door  with  hinges  and  a 
bolt,  and  was  lined  with  broad-cloth.  The  following  references 
occur  in  the  roll  of  1572  : — 

'Sol.  Prowtinge' junctori  laborant.  per  xij  dies  et  famulum  per  xj  dies 
circa  pulpita  vocat.  rodelofte  capient.  inter  se  per  diem  xiv^— xiv^  vij*. 

*  Eccles.  Mem.  vol.  i.  pt.  iii.  174.  There  is  no  allusion  to  the  incident  in  the 
records  of  the  College,  and  there  is  a  savour  of  improbability  about  it  into  the 
bargain. 

*  Wilkins,  Concilia,  iv.  22.  The  following  was  one  of  the  articles  to  be 
inquired  of  at  the  visitation  of  the  diocese  of  Canterbury  in  2  Ed.  VI : — '  Whether 
they  have  not  removed,  taken  away,  and  utterly  destroyed  in  their  churches, 
chapels,  and  houses,  all  images,  all  shrines  all  tables,  candlesticks,  trindles  or 
rolls  of  wax,  pictures,  paintings,  and  all  other  ornaments  of  feigned  miracles, 
pilgrimages,  idolatry,  and  superstition,  so  that  there  remains  no  memory  of  the 
same  in  walls,  glass  windows,  or  elsewhere.' 

'  Still  a  well-known  surname  in  Winchester. 

E 


50  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Item  apprenticio  suo  per  vj  dies  ij^.  Item  pro  glutino  (glue)  ij^.  Item 
M'°  Burton  pro  meremio  (timber)  ij«  iiij'^.  Item  Thomae  Dowse  pro 
sarratione  eiusdem  iij*^.     Item  Waltero  Powell  pro  ij  les  gymmers 

(hinges)  et  le  bolte  et  ij  pannis  ad  pulpita Item  Joh.  Dawson 

pro  amocione  magnae  trabis  a  muro  ^  et  pro  sarracione  meremii  ad 

particionem  chori  ij* Item  Thomae  Prowtynge  pro  composicione 

particionis  predicte  in   partem  solucionis  ix** item  Radulpho 

junctori  pro  composicione  xij  virgat.  celature  (of  panelling)  in  parti- 
cione  chori,  per  virgat.  xx*! — xx*.' 

The  high  altar  was  built  of  chalk  faced  with  hewn  stone. 
From  the  circumstance  of  twenty-two  ells  of  linen  being  required 
to  make  six  altar-cloths,  each  of  which  would  consequently  be 
3f  ells  or  13  feet  9  inches  long,  one  may  infer  that  this  altar  was 
from  eleven  to  twelve  feet  in  length.  There  were  also  three 
inferior  altars  in  the  ante-chapel.  One  must  have  been  the 
altar  of  Our  Lady.  The  dedication  of  the  other  two  is  un- 
certain. Two  frontals  of  white  fustyan  worked  in  the  centre 
with  a  crucifix,  the  Virgin  Mary,  and  St.  John,  and  powdered 
with  roses,  for  the  high  altar,  and  three  other  frontals  worked 
in  like  manner  for  the  inferior  altars  were  bought  in  1410  for 
655.  of  John  Hall,  a  mercer  in  London.  Upon  the  high  altar 
stood  the  tabernacle  of  gold  given  by  Henry  VI  to  the  College, 
and  an  image  of  Our  Lady  flanked  by  two  latten  (brass)  candle- 
sticks, the  gift  of  Robert  Heete.  Over  it  hung  the  customary 
pendant  oil-lamp.  Two  tall  candlesticks,  also  of  brass,  stood 
in  front  of  the  altar  ^.  Over  it  a  diptych,  or  tablet  of  two  leaves, 
recording  the  names  of  benefactors,  was  placed  in  1408.  It  was 
renewed  on  a  larger  scale  in  1471.  'Sol.  pro  scriptura  trium 
tabularum  stancium  super  altare  in  capella  cum  nominibus 
et  cognominibus  benefactorum  tarn  vivorum  quam  mortuorum 
coUegii,  una  cum  viijd  sol.  pro  lymyng  (limming)  earundem, 
et  vjd  sol.  pro  j  pelle  et  dim.  de  veleme  (vellum)  empt.  pro  eisdem 

Apparently  in    consequence    of  the  visitation  ordered    by 

^  In  the  church  of  St.  Cross  Hospital  the  simpler  course  was  adopted  of  saw- 
ing away  the  beam  which  carried  the  rood-loft.  The  two  ends  of  this  beam 
may  still  be  seen  sticking  out  of  the  jambs  of  the  chancel  arch. 

^  Inventory.  '  Item  ij  magna  candelabra  de  laton  stancia  ante  summum  altare 
ex  ordinacione  D"'  Fundatoris.  Item  ij  alia  candelabra  mediocria  stancia  ex 
utraque  parte  summi  altaris  coram  ymagine  beate  Marie  ex  dono  Rob*'  Heete  . . . 
item  vj  alia  candelabra  ex  ordinacione  D^i  Fundatoris  pro  altaribus  in  Capella.' 


The  Fabric.  51 

Edward  VI  in  September,  1547,  the  high  altar  was  taken  down 
in  1548,  but  was  immediately  rebuilt'.  This  altar  and  the 
inferior  altars  were  demolished  in  1551,  after  Bishop  Gardiner's 
deprivation.  *  Sol.  M^o  Foxe  et  duobus  aliis  laborantibus  per 
ij  dies  circa  altaria  demolienda  vij^.'  They  were  rebuilt  on 
Queen  Mary's  accession  : — '  Sol.  lapidariis  pro  erectione  al- 
tarium  xijs.  vijd.  .  .  .  pro  veste  canabina  ad  tegenda  altaria 
x^'  and  were  demolished  again  in  1562*  by  order  of  Bishop 
Home''.  Six  days'  labour  'in  selyng  loca  altarium  in  nave 
templi ' — in  '  ceiling '  or  rendering  in  plaster  the  places  where 
the  inferior  altars  had  stood,  cost  6s.  Sd.  in  that  year.  In  the 
year  1567,  a  payment  to  Will.  Joyner  occurs  of  £5  12s.  od.  for 
seventy-two  yards  of  wainscot  (operis  tabulati)  at  I'jd.  per  yard, 
and  6s.  8^.  additional  for  labour,  used  at  the  east  end  of  the 
chapel.  The  crucifix  which  had  been  set  up  under  Queen 
Mary  was  demolished  at  the  time  when  the  altars  were  done 
away  with,  Will.  Joyner  receiving  20^.  for  the  job,  which 
occupied  two  days;  and  a  communion  table  was  provided  in 
obedience  to  the  injunctions  of  Edward  VI,  which  Queen 
Elizabeth  renewed  on  her  accession,  'such  a  one  as  might  be 
set  on  sacrament  days  in  some  convenient  place  near  where 
the  altar  formerly  stood.'  This  table  was  replaced  by  another 
in  1636,  and  communion  rails  were  provided,  in  obedience  to 
Laud's  injunctions.  At  the  same  time  the  whole  of  the  east  end 
of  the  chapel,  up  to  the  sill  of  the  east  window,  was  wainscoted 
over  the  reredos.  '  Pro  le  Vindscot  [sic]  rail,  et  mensa  in  capella, 
Ixxijli'  is  an  entry  in  the  bursar's  book  for  1637.  The  rails 
were  taken  down  and  put  away  out  of  sight  before  the  time 
of  the  Parliamentary  Visitation.  In  1662  they  were  replaced, 
and  the  altar  was  rebuilt  of  stone.     '  Sol.  Wiccham  removenti  * 

*  '  Sol.  Radulpho  Smyth  pro  x  bigat.  albae  terrae  pro  summo  altari,  per  bigat. 
v^. — iiij".  ij^.  Et  eidem  pro  cariagio  x  bigat.  lapidum  xx*.  Item.  Alex™  Whyt 
pro  cariagio  x  bigat.  albae  terrae  J5.  Item  Horker  laborant  v  dies  et  dim. 
circa  composicionem  muri  ante  summum  altare  (its  facing  of  stone)  capient. 
per  diem  ix<*.  iiij*.  ij^.  Item  filio  suo  laboranti  v  dies  capient.  per  diem  v^. 
ij».  io." 

'  Strype  says  that  the  altars  in  Westminster  Abbey  were  demolished  April  i6, 
1561. 

'  The  east  end  of  the  Chapel  of  New  College  was  ordered  by  Bishop  Home 
as  visitor  of  that  College  to  be  plastered  over  about  the  same  time.  The  reredos 
remained  hidden  under  its  covering  of  plaster  till  the  Society  discovered  it  in 
1789. 

E2 


5a  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

'  le  wainscot  juxta  sacram  mensam  j^ :  George  erigenti  altare  ij^ 
x^ :  pro  lapidibus  in  eodem  opere  xiv«  iiij<i :  pro  erection e  les 
rayles  juxta  sacram  mensam  iiij''vj<i'  are  entries  in  the  accounts 
for  that  year. 

The  reredos, /rows  summi  altaris,  which  the  late  Sir  William 
Erie  restored  in  the  belief  that  he  was  restoring  Wykeham's 
work,  was  erected  in  1470-1.  The  donor's  name  is  unknown. 
The  workmen  were  allowed  their  commons  in  the  College  hall 
during  the  ninety  weeks  which  it  took  to  erect  it,  and  Messyng- 
ham,  the  artist  who  decorated  it  and  coloured  the  'ymages'  in 
the  niches  mainly  at  the  expense  of  Thomas  Hylleand  Richard 
Rede,  was  paid  £7  13s.  ^d.^ 

Thomas  Hylle  (Sch.  1457-63)  was  a  Fellow  of  New  College 
at  the  time,  and  became  a  Prebendary  of  Lincoln  in  i486; 
Richard  Rede  was  porter  of  Wolvesey  Castle.  Traces  of 
Messyngham's  colours  are  visible  here  and  there  on  the 
reredos.  It  is  not  known  what  the  images  were.  They  had 
a  coat  of  whitewash  in  1560 — 'Sol.  Joh.  Sparkeford  pro  dealba- 
tione  ymaginum  in  templo  yj^' — and  were  removed  in  the 
Parliamentary  Visitation.  The  crucifix  over  the  central  canopy 
was  destroyed  in  1562.  The  reredos  itself  was  fortunately  pre- 
served, owing  to  its  being  concealed  by  the  oaken  panelling 
with  which  it  was  covered  in  1567. 

Of  the  original  fittings,  the  row  of  black  oak  stalls  with 
miserere  seats  ^  along  each  side  of  the  choir,  is  all  that  remains. 
These  had  '  batylments '  or  pinnacled  canopies  originally. 
There  were  benches  for  the  scholars  and  choristers,  and  a 
separate  bench  for  the  commoners  is  referred  to.  The  occu- 
pants of  the  stalls  knelt  on  *  buttes  *  or  hassocks,  the  rest  on 
storeae  or  mats  of  sedge.  There  were  four  rectores  chori  or  rulers 
of  the  choir,  of  whom  the  sacrist  for  the  time  being  was  one, 
who  knelt  on  'rondelets,'  and  bore  wands  tipped  with  silver  and 
painted  with  vermilion. 

In  the  computus  rolls  of  the  fifteenth  century  allusions  occur 
to  the  Sepulchre,  a  wooden  structure  draped  with  cloth,  which 
was  erected  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel  near  the  altar  at 

*  '  In  solut.  Messyngham  in  completa  solucione  pro  pictura  ymaginum  in 
forulis  summi  altaris,  ultra  xx»  dat.  per  Ttiomam  Hylle  et  vj'  dat.  per  Ric.  Rede 
et  solut.  eidem  anno  preterite,  xiij"  iiij^.* 

'  The  various  designs  beneath  the  miserere  seats  are  very  curious  both  for 
the  beauty  of  the  carving  and  the  ludicrous  figures  virhich  some  of  them  exhibit. 


The  Fabric.  53 

Eastertide '  to  represent  the  tomb  wherein  the  body  of  Christ 
was  laid  for  burial.  The  three-branched  candlestick  used  for 
lighting  it  is  referred  to  in  the  computus  of  4  Hen.  VI  : — 'Sol. 
Thome  Smyth  pro  xxiiij  pynnes  ferreis  pro  cruce  triangulari 
ordinat.  pro  candelis  infigend.  tribus  noctibus  ante  pascham, 
xijd.' 

In  1636  the  walls  on  either  side  of  the  choir  were  cased  in 
wainscot  at  a  cost  of  £77  4s.  od.  The  work  was  done  by  a 
joiner  named  John  Harris,  of  Holywell  in  Oxford,  under 
a  contract  which  stipulated  that  the  wainscot  should  be  of  the 
very  best  pollard  oak,  reaching  up  to  the  sills  of  the  windows, 
and  be  similar  to  that  covering  the  reredos  at  the  east  end. 
The  price  was  155.  per  yard.  Harris  and  his  people  had  their 
diet  in  College,  and  20s.  was  allowed  toward  the  cost  of  carriage 
from  Oxford. 

A  choir-screen,  replacing  the  one  which  was  put  up  when  the 
rood-loft  was  demolished,  was  the  work  of  another  Oxford 
joiner,  William  Harris,  in  1639-40.  It  was  wrought  in  pollard 
oak  to  match  the  sides  of  the  choir,  and  had  a  cornice  and 
*  taphrells  '.^  At  the  same  time  a  border  or  skirting  of  oak  26  in. 
high  was  carried  round  the  floor  of  the  ante-chapel,  and  seats 
were  provided  there  for  the  ladies  of  the  College,  who  were 
accommodated  with  matting  for  their  feet.  '  Pro  stored  seu 
mappa  ex  ulva  confecta,  substernenda  pedibus  mulierum  in 
sedili  earum  extra  chorum  in  capella '  occurs  in  the  accounts 
of  1647. 

This  choir  screen  was  removed  in  the  Parliamentary  Visita- 
tion. It  was  replaced  in  1658  by  one  which  cost  £70,  and  in  the 
following  year  the  cornice  round  the  choir  was  renewed  and 
a  new  pulpit  of  wainscot  was  erected  at  a  total  cost  of  £20 
135.  6d. 

In  1687-92  Warden  Nicholas  removed  the  stalls  to  the  ante- 
chapel,  laid  the  floor  with  squares  of  black  and  white  marble, 
wainscoted  the  ante-chapel,  and  erected  a  reredos  of  wainscot 
flanked  by  columns  of  the  Ionic  order ;  in  short,  converted  the 

*  '  For  watching  the  sepulchre,  a  groat '  occurs  in  the  accounts  of  Waltham 
Abbey  for  1542.  There  is  a  beautiful  example  of  a  permanent  one  in  stone  at 
Heckington  in  Lincolnshire. 

*  Dutch  tafd,  '  a  table.'  A  flat  top  or  entablature.  Hence  the  upper  part  of  a 
ship's  stern,  which  is  flat  Ukc  a  table  at  the  top,  is  called  the  taflerel. 


54  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

chapel  into  a  comfortable  seventeenth-century  one.  A  view  of 
it  at  this  stage  will  be  found  in  Ackerman's  History  of  the 
College  of  Winchester.  It  was  dealt  with  again  in  1874-5,  Mr. 
Butterfield  being  the  architect  employed.  The  whole  of  the 
seventeenth-century  carved  work  and  wainscot  was  removed 
on  this  occasion,  and  either  given  or  sold  to  a  gentleman 
who  designed  it  for  a  private  chapel  of  his  own.  It  has 
recently  found  a  resting-place  in  the  private  chapel  of  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester  at  Farnham  Castle.  The  ancient 
miserere  seats  were  replaced  in  the  choir  and  new  sittings  in 
oak  were  provided  throughout,  those  in  the  ante-chapel  facing 
eastwards — an  uncollegiate  arrangement,  and  not  conducive  to 
supervision.  Most  of  the  ancient  brasses  disappeared  at  this 
time.  Those  which  now  lie  on  slabs  of  Florentine  marble  be- 
fore the  altar  are  from  rubbings  of  the  original  brasses,  and 
were  given  by  Dr.  Edwin  Freshfield,  a  member  of  the  Govern- 
ing Body. 

Sir  William  Erie  restored  the  reredos  on  this  occasion.  The 
statues  in  the  niches,  representing  St.  Peter,  St.  John  the  Divine, 
St.  Stephen,  St.  Augustine  of  Hippo,  St.  Benedict,  St.  Paul,  St. 
James,  St.  Alban,  St.  Augustin  of  Canterbury,  and  St.  Boniface, 
Archbishop  of  Maintz,  with  Wykeham  facing  the  altar  on  the 
right,  and  Alfred  the  Great  on  the  left,  by  Eardley  of  Westmin- 
ster, were  given  by  the  assistant  masters  of  Winchester  School 
in  1876-8. 

The  first  lectern  mentioned  in  the  inventories  was  of  brass. 
Another,  of  which  the  stand  is  preserved  in  the  porter's  lodge, 
was  made  in  London  in  1686  by  one  Houseman  for  £6  185.  od. 
The  present  eagle  was  given  by  the  College  prefects  in  1848. 

The  chief  feature  of  the  chapel  at  present  is  the  great  east 
window.  It  is  40  ft.  high  by  24  ft.  wide,  perpendicular  in  style, 
and  of  seven  lights  divided  by  a  transom  across  the  lower  part. 
The  mullions  are  carried  from  top  to  bottom,  and  the  three 
lights  on  each  side  of  the  central  one  are  made  with  an  arch,  the 
tracery  in  which  resembles  that  of  the  other  windows.  The 
upper  part  of  the  central  light  is  bisected,  and  in  the  head  is 
a  very  irregular  quatrefoil '. 

The  figure  of  Jesse  recumbent  occupies  the  lowest  part  of  the 
three  lights.  A  vine  springs  from  his  loins,  in  whose  branches 
1  Woodwards  Hampshire,  i.  182. 


The  Fabric.  55 

are  his  offspring  in  the  faith.  On  the  right  are  Richard  II 
adoring  St.  John,  and  Wykeham  doing  homage  to  the  Virgin 
and  Child ;  and  on  the  left  is  Edward  adoring  the  Holy  Trinity 
and  the  Salutation.  Little  figures  of  Simon  Membury,  Wyke- 
ham's  treasurer,  William  Wynford  the  chief  mason,  the  master 
carpenter,  and  the  master  glazier,  are  introduced  at  the  head 
and  feet  of  Jesse.  In  the  series  above,  the  central  light  con- 
tains David  with  his  harp,  flanked  by  Absalom,  Nathan,  and 
Elisha  on  the  right,  and  Ammon,  Samuel,  and  Elijah  on  the 
left.  In  the  series  next  below  the  transom  are  Solomon  with 
a  model  of  the  temple  in  his  lap  (imitated  in  the  statue  of 
Henry  VI  in  Eton  College  Chapel),  with  Abia,  Jehoshaphat, 
and  Micah  on  the  right,  and  Rehoboam,  Asa,  and  Isaiah  on  the 
left.  The  central  light  above  the  transom  contains  the  Virgin 
Mary  with  the  infant  Jesus,  and  above  them  the  Saviour  cruci- 
fied. On  the  right  in  three  lines  are  Hezekiah,  Joash,  Amon  ; 
Zerubbabel,  Manasseh,  Daniel ;  St.  John,  Jeremiah,  Malachi ; 
and  on  the  left  Joram,  Jotham,  Jeremiah ;  Ahaz,  Josiah,  Eze- 
kiel ;  the  Virgin  Mary,  Zedekiah,  Zachariah.  In  the  tracery 
above  the  Crucifixion  are  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  and  the  Resur- 
rection. 

The  four  windows  on  the  north  side,  beginning  at  the  west 
end,  contain  the  following  figures  : — 

First  window :  above,  St.  Nicholas,  St.  Mary,  St.  Thomas  of 
Canterbury;  below,  St.  Swithun,  St.  Dunstan,  St.  Birinus. 
Second  window :  above,  St.  Christopher,  St.  Edmund,  St. 
George ;  below,  St.  Augustin  of  Hippo,  St.  Wulstan,  St.  Law- 
rence. Third  window:  above,  Joel,  Haggai,  Zephaniah ;  be- 
low, St.  Philip,  St.  Bartholomew,  St.  Matthew.  Fourth  window : 
above,  Ezekiel,  Zachariah,  Obadiah;  below,  St.  Matthias,  St. 
Simon,  St.  Jude. 

South  side,  beginning  at  the  east  end  : — 

First  window :  above,  Isaiah,  David,  Jeremiah ;  below,  St. 
Peter,  St.  Andrew,  St.  James  the  Less.  Second  window :  above, 
Daniel,  Hosea,  Amos ;  below,  St.  John,  St.  Thomas,  St.  James 
the  Great.  Third  window:  above,  St.  Martin  of  Tours,  St. 
Edward  the  Confessor,  St.  Athelwold  ;  below,  St.  Leonard,  St. 
Oswald,  St.  Giles.  Fourth  window:  above,  St.  Stephen,  St. 
Timothy ;  below,  St.  Anne,  St.  Mary  Magdalen.     Under  each 


56  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

figure  is  its  name,  and  along  the  foot  of  each  window  runs  the 
following  inscription  in  medieval  characters : — 

ORATE   PRO   WILLO   DE   WYKEHAM 

EPO   WINTONIENSI 

FFUNDATORE   ISTIUS   COLLEGII. 

The  computus  rolls  and  bursar's  books  are  full  of  items 
relating  to  the  mending  of  these  windows,  which  were  not  pro- 
tected as  now  by  wire  screens  ^ ;  and  by  the  time  of  the  Com- 
monwealth they  were  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  so  much  so  that 
in  1650  an  entry  occurs  of  payments  to  a  mason  and  glazier  for 
mending  them  so  as  to  keep  out  the  starlings  ^  But  they  never 
suffered  from  wilful  violence,  like  the  windows  of  the  Cathedral 
in  Puritan  times. 

The  glass  of  the  east  window  was  taken  out  in  1821,  packed 
in  boxes  and  sent  to  Shrewsbury,  to  be  restored  by  Sir  John 
Betton.  His  firm  of  Betton  and  Evans  renewed  nearly  all  this 
glass  at  a  cost  of  £400,  and  it  was  replaced  in  1823  at  a  cost, 
including  conveyance  from  Shrewsbury,  of  £102  15s.  od?  The 
eight  side  windows  were  renewed  by  the  same  firm  in  1826-8  at 
a  cost  of  £1067.  The  new  glass  is  believed  to  be  a  very  good 
copy  of  the  old ;  but,  if  one  may  judge  from  a  comparison  with 
a  little  of  the  old  glass  that  is  left  in  the  heads  of  the  windows, 
it  is  inferior  to  it  in  richness  of  colour.  One  or  two  lights  of 
the  old  glass  are  preserved  in  the  South  Kensington  Museum. 

The  first  organ  or  '  pair  of  organs '  aspirare  et  adesse  charts 
erat  utilis  .  .  .  and  no  more.  A  notion  of  its  size  may  be  formed 
from  the  fact  of  six  scholars  carrying  it  to  Bishop's  Waltham  in 
1399,  when  Wykeham  borrowed  it  during  a  stay  of  his  there. 

'  It  has  recently  been  found  necessary  to  *  double  glaze '  those  on  the  south 
side  in  order  to  exclude  the  wet. 

*  '  Sol.  vitreatori  pro  opere  circa  fenestras  capellae  excludendis  sturnis  ij'.  vj<*. . , . 
pro  visco  capiendis  iisdem  sturnis  ij*.  .  .  .  Sol.  Sharpe  tegulatori  adjuvanti 
vitreatorem  in  excludend.  sturnis  ij'.  vj"*. 

'  The  glass  which  was  taken  out  of  the  west  window  of  New  College  chapel, 
when  the  window  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  was  inserted,  was  sent  to  Win- 
chester to  be  employed  as  far  as  practicable  in  the  reparation  of  the  chapel 
windows  there.  In  consequence  of  the  decision  of  the  Society  to  renew  instead 
of  repairing  the  chapel  windows,  the  chests  containing  the  glass  from  New  Col- 
lege remained  in  the  cloisters  unopened.  Winston  saw  it  there  in  1845.  It 
was  granted  in  1850  for  the  decoration  of  the  east  window  of  Bradford  Peverel 
church,  where  some  of  it  may  now  be  seen. 


The  Fabric.  57 

It  remained  there  till  1407,  when  William  Wyke  (afterwards 
a  Fellow  of  the  College)  brought  it  back.  In  the  mean  time  the 
Society  had  supplied  its  place  with  one  which  was  bought  in 
London  for  £6  13s.  4^.,  so  that  from  1407  onwards  they  had 
two  organs.  One  stood  in  the  choir,  the  other  in  the  rood-loft. 
Cardinal  Beaufort  borrowed  one  to  go  to  Farnham  Castle  in 
1415,  and  in  1420  one  was  sent  to  Highclere,  another  of  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester's  seats. 

*  In  panno  lineo  empt.  pro  organis  Coll.  c6operiend.  et  cariand.  ad 
Clere  xx*.  In  ij  bacillis  fraxineis  pro  eisdem  organis  portand.  viij''. 
In  rewardo  servientibus  cariant.  diet,  organa  xx*.  In  expensis  Will. 
Wyke  et  aliorum  portant.  diet,  organa  a  Clere  xx^.' 

In  1498  both  organs  were  repaired. 

'  Pro  comunis  Walteri  organorum  fabricatoris  et  servientis  sui 
laborantium  in  emendacione  ij  parium  organorum  cum  iiij  follibus 
per  viij  septimanas,  cum  xx"^  pro  carbonibus  et  focalibus  et  xij"^  pro 
candelis — xviij*  viij^.' 

In  1520  John  Webbe,  a  Fellow  of  the  College,  gave  an  organ 
which  cost  £13  6s.  7^.  It  stood  on  the  ground  on  the  north 
side  of  the  choir.     There  was  a  large  outlay  upon  it  in  1542  : — 

*Sol.  Edmundo  Popingay  pro  diversis  operibus  pro  organis  et 
follibus  eorundem  xvij^  viij^.  Et  pro  xiij  pellibus  ovinis  pro  organis 
ij^  viij*.  Et  pro  duobus  serratoribus,  cum  iij*  dim.  pro  j  lb  brasyll 
et  auripigmenti  (stain  and  gold  paint)  pro  organis  xj<i  dim.  Et  pro 
vj  lb  glutini  xvj"*.  Item  pro  j  boxe  pro  le  stoppe  organorum  iiij^ 
In  solut.  Nicolao  junctori  et  famulo  laborantibus  v  dies  circa  organa 
ij8  xj"i  et  pro  eorum  comunis  xx<i.  Et  in  solut.  Will.  Dore,  organiste, 
pro  renovacionibus  organorum  v^.  Et  pro  eius  comunis  a  x  die 
Februarii  usque  ad  xvi  diem  Julii  xxxi^  x^.  Et  pro  comunis  famuli 
sui  per  xx  septimanas  xxiij*  iiij**.' 

In  1567  this  organ  had  to  be  mended,  in  consequence  of 
damage  done  by  the  lay  clerks  and  choristers. 

*  Sol.  Gualtero  Powell  pro  quibusdam  ferramentis  (clamps)  ad 
preservacionem  organorum  in  choro  damnificatorum  per  clericos  et 
choristas  ix^.' 

Repairs  to  the  amount  of  £3  65.  8^.  were  done  in  the  following 
year,  and  in  1637  it  was  repaired  by  Mr.  Barrow,  at  a  cost  of 
£80  I2S.  6d.,  and  beautified  externally  at  a  cost  of  £32.  This, 
the  great  organ,  as  well  as  the  choir  organ,  disappeared  from  the 
inventory  in  1647,  and  remained  concealed  until  the  Restora- 


58  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

tion.  In  1661  there  is  an  entry  of  £26  paid  to  one  (name  not 
given)  who  put  the  organ  in  order.  Three  years  later  it  was 
rebuilt  by  Thomas  Harris,  of  Salisbury,  at  a  cost  of  £154  ^s.  f^d. 
The  new  pipes  were  cast  on  the  floor  of  the  upper  muniment 
room : — 

^   5.  d. 

Mason  and  labourer,  two  days  erecting  furnace,  and  for 
three  loads  of  sand  to  place  it  on 068 

Hayward,  carpenter,  making  moulds  for  the  pipes  (fistulae 
organicae) 080 

The  same,  mending  the  organ  case 2  10    o 

It  was  again  rebuilt  by  Renatufe  Harris  in  1684-5,  in  its 
present  position  in  the  second  window  on  the  north  side  of  the 
choir,  at  a  cost  of  £225.  His  autograph  receipt  for  £75,  the 
balance  of  this  sum,  is  preserved  in  the  muniment  room. 
Further  repairs  were  done  by  Green,  of  London,  in  1804. 
The  present  organ  was  built  by  Bishop  and  Son  in  1875,  and 
has  been  enlarged  and  improved  by  Hill  and  Son  since. 

The  Statutes  make  no  provision  for  an  organist.  At  first, 
one  of  the  lay  clerks  seems  to  have  played  the  organ  ^.  The 
first  regular  organist,  Robert  Mose,  whose  name  occurs  in  the 
bursar's  book  of  1542,  had  a  salary  of  £5  per  annum ;  and  a 
sum  of  £4  or  £5  a  year  continued  to  be  the  salary  of  the 
organist  for  more  than  a  hundred  years.  The  name  of  Haw- 
kyns  occurs  in  the  computus  roll  of  1548.  The  next  organist 
whose  name  is  recorded,  Thomas  Weelkes,  published  a  volume 
of  madrigals  in  1600.  His  successor,  William  Emes,  died  in 
1637.  It  is  needless  to  add  that  there  was  no  organist  under 
the  Commonwealth,  when  the  organ  itself  was  put  out  of  sight. 
George  King,  who  became  organist  on  the  Restoration,  died  in 
1665,  and  is  buried  in  the  Cloisters.  Pickaver,  his  successor,  re- 
ceived £4  9s.  6d.  in  1665  in  payment  for  an  instrument  of 
music  called  *  le  harpselen,'  in  the  bursar's  book  for  that  year ; 
probably  a  harpsichord,  or  some  form  of  the  instrument  referred 
to  by  Evelyn  ^  thirty  years  later  as  a  newly-invented  instru- 
ment which  was  exhibited  to  the  Royal  Society,  '  being  a  harp- 
sichord with  gut  strings,  sounding  like  a  concert  of  viols  with 

*  According    to   Christopher    Jonson,   'Vindicat  et   trinum   numerum  sibi 
clericus  unus  organa  qui  facili  percurrit  dissona  dextra.* 

*  Diary,  Oct.  5,  1694. 


The  Fabric.  59 

an  organ,  made  vocal  with  a  wheel  and  a  zone  of  parchment 
that  rubbed  horizontally  against  the  strings.'  Mr.  Pickaver 
died  in  1678.  His  successor,  Geffrys,  died  or  retired  in  i68i. 
John  Reading,  who  had  been  organist  of  the  Cathedral,  vice 
Randolph  Jewett,  since  1675,  gave  up  that  appointment  in 
order  to  succeed  Geffrys,  and  Daniel  Rosingrave  filled  the 
vacancy  at  the  Cathedral.  In  Reading's  time  the  organist's 
salary  was  raised  from  £5  to  £50  per  annum.  Reading  com- 
posed the  music  of  Domum\  the  Election  Grace,  and  Jam  lucis 
orto  sidere.  He  died  in  1692,  and  is  believed  to  have  been  buried 
in  the  Cloisters.  His  successor,  Jeremiah  Clarke,  resigned, 
and  was  followed  by  John  Bishop  in  1695.  He  composed  the 
music  of  the  every  day  Grace,  and  the  hymn  Te  de  profundis, 
summe  Rex.  In  1729  he  succeeded  Vaughan  Richardson  as 
organist  of  the  Cathedral,  and  held  both  appointments  till  1737, 
when  *  ad  caelestem  chorum  placide  migravit,'  in  the  language 
of  his  epitaph  in  the  Cloisters.  Bishop's  successor,  James  Kent, 
whose  portrait  hangs  in  the  Hall,  was  born  in  Winchester  about 
the  year  1700,  and  died  in  1776.  Some  of  his  anthems  are  still 
performed.  He  retired  shortly  before  his  death  in  favour  of  his 
pupil,  James  Fussell,  a  native  of  Winchester,  who  composed 
variations  to  Domum,  which  are  printed  in  Harmonia  Wykchamica. 
His  successor  was  that  eminent  composer,  Dr.  Chard,  who  died 
May  23,  1849,  aged  84,  and  is  buried  in  the  Cloisters.  After  a  short 
interval  filled  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Long,  who  died  November  20, 
1850,  and  is  also  buried  in  the  Cloisters,  came  that  great  musician, 
Samuel  Sabastian  Wesley,  whom  a  salary  of  £80  per  annum 
did  not  tempt  to  remain  in  Winchester  when  a  vacancy  for  an 
organist  occurred  at  Gloucester  in  1865.  All  Wykehamists  of 
the  present  generation  appreciate  the  merits  of  his  successor, 
Mr.  William  Hutt. 

1  '  Domum '  was  written,  according  to  an  old  tradition,  by  a  boy  of  the  name  of 
Turner,  when  for  some  offence  he  was  confined  to  the  College  during  the 
holidays.  According  to  some  he  was  chained  to  a  pillar  in  the  Cloisters  (where 
there  happen  to  be  no  pillars)  or  to  a  post  which  formerly  stood  on  the  spot 
where  Domum  tree  was  afterwards  planted.  Archdeacon  Heathcote  {Harmonia 
Wykehamica,  1811)  says  that  the  authenticity  of  the  tradition  may  perhaps  be 
doubted,  for  that  a  boy  should  write  a  song  expressive  of  his  joy  at  going  home 
when  he  was  confined  for  the  holidays  appears  highly  improbable.  He  thinks 
it  more  likely  that,  having  been  confined  to  the  College  during  the  whole  of  one 
vacation,  the  boy  was  so  overjoyed  at  the  approach  of  the  next  vacation  that 
he  wrote  this  song. 


6o  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

An  arched  doorway,  now  dwarfed  by  the  raising  of  the 
east  end  of  the  choir,  leads  into  the  Sacristy.  Over  it,  ap- 
proached by  a  turret  staircase  leading  ultimately  to  the  roof, 
is  the  muniment  room,  a  fireproof  chamber,  containing  in  oaken 
presses,  ornamented  with  the  linen  pattern,  the  charters  of  the 
College  and  title-deeds  of  its  landed  estates.  Ancient  coffers 
round  the  walls  contain  the  computus  rolls  and  other  records, 
some  of  them  dating  back  to  the  opening  of  the  College.  The 
ceiling  is  vaulted,  and  springs  from  supporters  representing  an 
archbishop,  a  bishop,  and  a  king,  the  fourth  figure  over  the 
door  being  that  of  a  guardian  angel.  The  floor  is  of  square 
tiles  of  the  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century.  Over  this 
chamber  is  another,  known  to  the  boys  as  '  Bogey  hole,'  the 
upper  muniment  room,  in  which  the  organ  pipes  were  cast  in 
1664,  containing  a  quantity  of  steward's  accounts,  old  counter- 
part leases,  &c.,  and  recent  title-deeds. 

The  present  entrance  to  the  Chapel  is  through  the  vestibule  ^ 
or  porch  (la  vyse)  which  leads  to  the  Cloisters.  Here  the 
vestments  in  every-day  use  were  kept  prior  to  the  Reformation. 
Aumries  or  coffers  for  holding  these  vestments  were  provided 
in  the  year  1399,  William  Ikenham,  the  carpenter,  receiving 
£2  for  wages  and  materials,  and  2S.  iid.  more  for  'zoundys* 
(fish  sounds)  '  pro  glutino  inde  faciendo  pro  almariis '  to  make 
glue  for  these  coffers. 

The  Crimean  Memorial  on  the  west  side  of  the  vestibule  was 
designed  by  Mr.  Butterfield  in  1858.  It  consists  of  a  plinth 
with  an  arcade  of  five  Early  English  arches.  The  shafts  of 
the  columns  are  of  polished  marble  and  the  capitals  are 
angels.  I  print  the  inscription,  which  is  by  Warden  Barter,  on 
the  opposite  page. 

The  way  to  the  cloisters  lies  through  the  vestibule,  past  the 
base  of  the  tower  and  the  Stewart  Memorial,  which  was  erected 
in  1885  in  memory  of  General  Sir  Herbert  Stewart,  one  who  had 
been  a  scholar  and  a  commoner,  and  died  of  a  wound  received 
at  the  battle  of  Metammeh  in  that  year. 

It  is  in  form  a  gateway  from  a  design  by  Messrs.  Bodley  and 

Garner.     The  inscriptions  on  it  are  :  *  In  memoriam  Herbert! 

Stewart,  anno  domini  mdccclxxxv  '  and  '  Laetare  juvenis  ado- 

lescentia  tua  et  in    bono  sit   cor  tuum   in   diebus  juventutis 

*  Vcstibulum,  vestiarium,  sacristia.     Ducange. 


i-s  a. 


1 

1 

J3 

CO 

3 

V 

a 
? 

o 

Si 

i2 

e 

c 

J= 

^ 

< 

* 

a 

c 

J= 

3 

1j 

73 

o 

J3 

■s 

fit 

Bfi    ?. 


C      r-      «      t.      }) 


•a 


o.S 


aw 
<  < 


o 

5 


■;      "      0 


n       •  o 

^•3  "30-   «"•«     § 

c  rt  E  .5  3 -o  £ 
J      ~  -2      2 


.S  -a 


J3   S     .  «   K 


J3   ^  _  ' 


J5I 

•S  •« 


bl) 


«  t»  J3  .0 

vs  o  u  ,;;  ;». 

V-    -J    C  in 

3     TX     V  CO     f 

u  Si  "  2 

O    w  "5  5    ^ 

•-»  piS  '^   o 

^  J=  -  c    S 

3  t2  i? 


5 


en 
•a 
'"  J. 


3 
O 


bo 


X  5 

•=0 


u 


:-l   if 

o   s*  .2   __  o 

.s3|-|«3 

1:    ^     u?   e 


bC 


rt 


Ui 


o  ■5-c 
.20 


«w  «  S  "  «  3 


W      _: 


w 


O  .2  mi? 


fed         0 

4J     3             u 

,T^ 

S's*     a 

^      >t 

• 

rt 

PS  1   c-S 

Si. 

■5  So  a 

c 

*^ 

•a 

tS-    2 

-^ 

,<«  o 


o 

A 


o 


.     O     o 


I4 


05  00  s: 

■a  :="  >» 


^   bO  -^ 


•00  -ct'  s 

S  -a  -2      •£  - 

3  s^ 


3    3 


«  o  o  ^  g 

«    a    3 

•S  .6  I  S  X  S 

T3    «    y  tfl 


62  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

tuae ;  et  scito,  quod  pro  omnibus  his  adducet  te  Deus   in  ju- 
dicium ^* 

The  chapel  tower  will  be  described  in  Chapter  XIII.  At  the 
time  when  the  College  was  opened,  a  clochier  or  belfry  was  in 
course  of  erection  on  its  site.  This  clochier  is  a  conspicuous 
object  in  the  quaint  birds-eye  view  of  Winchester  College  circa 
1465,  that  appears  in  the  right  hand  top  corner  of  the  picture 
of  Wykeham  in  the  College  Hall,  and  in  Chandler's  MS.  Life  of 
Wykeham,  which  is  preserved  in  the  Library  of  New  College.  It 
was  a  circular  structure  of  stone  or  flint,  apparently  surmounted 
by  a  spire  with  a  weather-cock,  not  unlike  the  spire  of  Old  St. 
Paul's,  which  was  erected  in  1222.  The  substructure  appears 
to  have  been  finished  and  the  timbers  of  the  spire  in  their 
places  on  the  opening  day.  It  was  leaded  in  1397-8.  Wykeham 
supplied  the  lead  from  his  stores  at  Wolvesey.  The  plumber's 
wages  for  casting'^  and  laying  it,  185.  ^d.,  were  paid  by  the 
College;  and  four  thousand  'led  nayles,'  three  hundred  'bord 
nayles,'  and  thirty-four  pounds  of  pewter  (solder)  were  used. 
There  were  four  bells  at  first  in  this  belfry.  A  fifth,  the  great 
bell,  was  given  by  Warden  Cleve.  A  sixth  was  added  by  Mr. 
J.  D.  Walford  after  the  tower  was  rebuilt.  All  of  them,  except 
the  last,  have  been  recast,  some  more  than  once.  The  inscrip- 
tions on  the  present  six  bells  are  as  follows  : — 

I.    DEO    DANTE    DEDIT.     J.    D.    WALFORD,    M.A.         1866.         MEARS 
AND    STAINBANK,    FOUNDERS,    LONDON. 
II.    IF  WITH    MY   FELLOWS   I   AGREE   THEN    LISTEN   TO   :  FRANCES 
FOSTER.       1659  :      MY    HARMONIE. 

III.  I.   W.    1593.    CELESTES    AUDITE   SONOS    MORTALES. 

IV.  R.    PHILLIPS.       FECIT.       1 737. 
V.    A.    U.    E.    G.    R.    A.    C.    I.    A. 

VI.    THE  WARDEN.  OF  THE  COLLEDGE .  NEARE.  WINCHESTER.  JOHN 
HARIS   [sic\. 

References  also  occur  to  the  'kettle-bell/  which  appears  to 

^  Rejoice,  O  young  man,  in  thy  youth,  and  let  thy  heart  cheer  thee  in  the 
days  of  thy  youth ;  but  know  thou  that  for  all  these  things  God  will  bring  thee 
into  judgment.' — Ecc.  xi.  9. 

^  Milled  lead  is  a  modern  invention.  Roofing  lead  used  to  be  cast,  that  is  to 
say,  melted  and  poured  on  a  flat  surface,  then  '  w^iped '  to  the  required  thinness. 
Organ  pipes  are  still  made  in  this  way.  Cast  lead  for  roofing  purposes  is 
preferred  by  many  as  more  durable. 


The  Fabric.  6^ 

have  hung  over  against  the  Hall  staircase,  and  was  used  to  call 
the  Society  to  meals. 

The  original  clock  was  fixed  in  this  belfry.  The  first  reference 
to  it  occurs  in  the  year  1404.  No  doubt  Wykeham  gave  it  in 
that  year : — '  In  cordulis  empt.  pro  clocca  iiij<^.  Sol.  cuidam  clerico 
pro  gubernacione  cloccae  vj^  viij'i.'  Quarterly  charges  for 
oiling  and  regulating  it  occur  regularly  from  this  date.  It 
exhausted  the  patience  of  the  Society,  and  in  the  year  1660  *  was 
replaced  by  the  present  clock,  which,  like  its  predecessor,  has 
no  face,  and  is  wound  daily.  The  belief  of  the  juniors  that  it  is 
made  of  wood  is  unfounded. 

We  now  reach  the  cloisters.  Their  walls,  like  the  rest  of  the 
original  fabric,  are  founded  on  piles  in  consequence  of  the 
treacherous  nature  of  the  subsoil.  They  form  a  square,  the 
length  of  each  side  being  about  one  hundred  feet,  and  the  length 
of  each  side  of  the  included  area,  or  graveyard,  being  about 
eighty  feet.  The  tracing  in  the  open  three-light  windows  round 
this  area  (nine  on  each  side)  is  very  good  perpendicular  ^  The 
roofs,  which  are  covered  with  Purbeck  stone-slates,  are  of 
plain  segmental  arched  timber,  ingenious  in  design,  but  needing 
to  be  kept  from  spreading  by  transverse  iron  ties.  It  is  stated 
in  Messrs.  Warren  and  Sons*  excellent  Handbook  to  Winchester, 
that  the  absence  of  cob-webs  (which  is  a  fact)  has  been  attributed 
to  the  circumstance  of  the  timbers  being  Irish  oak ;  but  the  spiders 
are  kept  down  by  the  bats  and  swallows  which  haunt  the  place, 
and  there  seems  to  be  no  great  occasion  to  ascribe  to  Irish  oak  a 
virtue  which  the  oak  of  the  sister  island  is  not  known  to  possess '. 
Beneath  the  windows  on  the  four  sides  of  the  square  are  the  stone 
seats  on  which  the  boys  sat  when  school  was  held  there  during  the 
summer  months.  The  summer  term  is  called  '  cloister  time '  for 
this  reason.  Holes  for  a  game  resembling  nine  men's  morris, 
or  fox  and  geese,  will  be  found  here  and  there  on  the  seats  where 

^  '  Sol.  M™  Davies  automatario  (clockmaker)  pro  novo  confecto  borologio  et 
pro  concentu  campanili  (the  chiming  apparatus)  xxxiiij^'.' 

*  Woodward,  i.  185. 

'  Ribadaneira  affirms  that  St.  Patrick  did  so  free  Ireland  of  all  venomous 
beasts  that  none  could  ever  since  breed  or  live  there ;  and  that  even  the  very 
wood  has  a  virtue  against  poison,  '  so  that  it  is  reported  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  that  being  built  of  Irish  wood  no  spider  doth  ever  come  near  it.' 
Fuller  says  that  Westminster  Hall  is  built  '  of  cobwebless  beams,  because  con- 
ceived of  Irish  oak.' 


64  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

the  scholars  sat.  The  stone-work  bears  many  carved  names  of 
former  scholars,  but  none  of  a  very  early  date.  '  Thos.  Ken, 
1656,'  occurs  twice ;  *  Francis  Turner^  1655/  was  cut  on  another 
stone  close  by,  which  has  been  taken  out.  These  cloisters  have 
been  the  burial-place  of  those  connected  with  the  College  for 
nearly  five  centuries.  They  are  full  of  brasses  and  mural  tablets, 
the  oldest  brass  being  one  to  the  memory  of  William  Clyff,  first 
chaplain  of  Fromond's  Chantry  Chapel,  who  died  March  24, 
1433-4.  This  chapel,  which  stands  in  the  green  of  the  cloisters, 
will  be  described  in  Chapter  IX.  It  was  planted  round  with  fir 
trees  in  1674.  A  doorway  (now  walled  up)  in  the  south-west 
corner  led  into  Meads  by  a  descent  of  two  or  three  steps,  show- 
ing how  much  the  level  of  the  ground  within  has  been  raised 
artificially.  In  the  year  1450  nine  tons  [doh'a)  of  ragstone  for 
these  steps  were  bought  of  one  Henry  Philpotts.  They  cost 
23d.  including  boatage  from  the  Isle  of  Wight  to  Wood  MilP. 

^  Bishop  of  Rochester,  1683  ;  of  Ely,  1684  ;  deprived,  1689. 
^  On  the  river  Itchen  above  St.  Denys.    The  point  at  which  the  river  ceases 
to  be  tidal. 


CHAPTER    V. 

The     Statutes. 

Publication  in  1400. — Extant  copies. — Members  of  the  Foundation. — The 
scholars. — How  elected. — Annual  supervision. — King's  letters. — The 
Warden. — The  Fellows. — The  Choristers. — The  Vicewarden  and  Sacrists. 
— The  Bursars. — The  Schoolmaster  and  Usher. — Commons. — Hall. — 
Strangers  excluded. — Sumptuary  Regulations. — Stipends. — Liveries. — 
Prayers  and  Services. — Regulations  touching  Estates — Common  Seal  and 
Chest. — Distribution  of  Chambers. — AnQual  Progress  and  Audit. — Boy* 
bishop. — Conclusion. 

The  Statutes  have  not  hitherto  been  published ',  probably 
because  of  the  injunction  to  secrecy  which  they  contain.  This, 
the  best-obeyed  perhaps  of  all  Wykeham's  injunctions,  used  to 
afford  a  convenient  answer  to  the  class  of  people  who  scire  vo- 
lunt  secreta  domus,  and  baffled  the  interrogatories  of  Brougham's 
Education  Committee  in  1818. 

The  fact  of  Henry  VI  transcribing  Wykeham's  Statutes — 
Bishop  Lowth  says  without  any  material  alteration — for  his 
new  foundation  at  Eton,  is  at  once  evidence  of  their  merit  and 
of  the  high  estimation  in  which  they  were  held  at  the  time. 
Wykeham  spared  no  pains  to  make  them  complete,  keeping  the 
original  draft  at  hand,  and  making  such  emendations  and 
additions  as  seemed  desirable  from  time  to  time.  '  This  is 
evident,'  says  Lowth,  'in  the  case  of  New  College,  from  an 
ancient  draft  of  those  Statutes,  in  which  the  many  alterations, 
corrections,  and  additions  made  in  the  margin  show  clearly  how 
much  pains  the  Founder  bestowed  upon  this  important  work.' 
No  such  draft  as  this  is  extant  at  Winchester,  but  some  of  the 
additions  to  Wykeham's  original  draft,  e.g.  the  exception  to  the 
rule  against  harbouring  strangers  in  College,  which  is  tacked 
on  at  the  end  of  Rubric  XVI,  are  easily  distinguishable.  It  was 
not  until  the  College  had  been  open  more  than  six  years,  and 

'  Appendix  XI. 
F 


66  Annals  of  IVinchester  College. 

Wykeham's  health  was  becoming  precarious  ',  that  he  made  up 
his  mind  to  promulgate  the  Statutes  in  their  final  form,  the  form 
in  which  we  have  them  now,  reserving,  however,  power  to  alter 
them  as  long  as  he  lived.  On  September  ii,  1400,  his  com- 
missioners, John  de  Campeden^,  Robert  Keton',  and  Walter 
Awde*,  read  them  before  the  Society  assembled  in  the  Chapel 
of  the  College,  and  then  administered  the  oath  of  fidelity  and 
secrecy  to  all  those  who  were  of  age  to  take  it  ®. 

The  names  of  those  who  took  the  oath  on  this  memorable 
occasion  are  recorded.  Only  thirty-six  scholars  were  sworn ; 
the  remainder  were  under  fifteen  years  of  age  (Rubric  V). 

^  He  survived  the  publication  of  his  Statutes  four  years.  But  it  may  have 
been  hurried  on  for  that  reason  ;  for  there  are  signs  here  and  there  of  the  want 
of  a  final  revision.  For  instance,  Richard  II  is  mentioned  as  King  in  Rubric 
XXIX,  though  he  had  been  dead  some  months  at  the  time  when  the  publication 
of  the  Statutes  took  place. 

*  Archdeacon  of  Surrey  and  Master  of  St.  Cross  Hospital.  One  of  Wyke- 
ham's most  trusted  agents,  and  one  of  the  executors  of  his  will.  In  the  year 
1384  he  rebuilt  the  tower  of  the  church  of  St.  Cross  Hospital,  and  renewed  the 
roof  of  the  chancel  and  aisle  at  a  vast  expense.  His  brass  within  the  com- 
munion rails  in  the  church  is  perhaps  the  finest  monumental  brass  in 
Hampshire. 

'  Chancellor  of  the  diocese  of  Winchester.  Wykeham  bequeathed  to  him  a 
legacy  of  plate  to  the  value  oi  ^26  13s.  <^d.  He  bequeathed  to  the  College  his 
law  library,  consisting  of : — 


Liber  Decretorum 

Liber  Decretalium 

Casuarius  Bernardus  super  Decretal. 

Henricus  de  Segusio  super  Decretal. 

Alius  doctor  super  Decretal.  . 

Liber  sextus  Decretalium  cum  glosa 

Liber  Clementinus  cum  glosa  et  Tractai 

Electione  ..... 
Alius  Liber  de  Institut.  Clement.  . 
Speculum  Judiciale 


value 


s. 

d. 

26 

8 

23 

4 

6 

0 

us  de 


£ig  16  o 
'  In  solut.  Joh.  Colman  cobperienti  et  reparanti  diversos  libros  legatos  Collegio 
per  M"""  Rob*"™  Keton,  cum  vij*  vj  pro  j  duodena  et  di.  cathenarum  pro  eisdem 
libris  et  aliis  cathenandis,  xij'  iiij'' '  occurs  in  9  H.  VI.  Keton's  brother  John 
was  precentor  of  St.  Mary's,  Southampton,  and  had  a  legacy  of  ;£^20  under 
Wykeham's  will. 

*  Rector  of  Calbourne.     A  legatee  of  ^20  under  Wykeham's  will. 

*  *  In  exp.  M^J  Joh.  de  Campeden,  Rob*'  Keton  et  M'''  Walt.  Awde  existen- 
cium  ibidem  cum  eorum  familia  et  equis  quorundam  eorum  per  ij  dies  pro  novis 
statutis  legendiset  promulgandis,  necnonjuramentis  custodis  sociorum  scolarium 
te  serviencium  eiusdem  Coll.  recipiendis,  xxviij'.' 


The 

Statutes 

• 

67 

John  Morys,  custos. 

Thomas   Romesye*,   Mag. 

Thomas  Turke,  vice  custos. 

Scolarium. 

John  More 

John  Huet,  Hostiarius. 

John  Dyrley 

John  Hende 

Capellani 

John  Brom    . 

Richard  Stanstede 

Conduc- 

John  Assh 

Socii 

Nicholas  Newbury 

titii. 

Richard  Brakkele     >  Capel- 

Richard  Mathon,  in  loco.  Dia- 

John  Clere                     lani. 

coni 

Adam  Walkelayn 

John  Porter               ^  Clerici 
Nicholas  North         )  Capellae. 

Stephen  Anstyswell 

John  Frenssch          / 

Scholars.                                                                    Diocese  or  Place. 

John  Preston Sarum. 

Thomas  Warenner  . 

Winchester. 

Reginald  Warenner 

» 

Thomas  Halle  . 

» 

Walter  Colswayn    . 

Hensting. 

William  Towker 

Bishopstoke. 

William  Langrede  . 

Basingstoke. 

William  Kygyl 

Southampton. 

John  Kyppyng 

Ringwood. 

John  Mone 

Havant. 

Robert  Maydekyn   . 

Liddington. 

Robert  Dorking 

Surrey. 

Richard  Kempsey  . 

Bodicote. 

William  Busshe 

Newbury. 

William  Bradewell  . 

Abingdon. 

Richard  Archer 

East  Hendred. 

Thomas  Moordon     . 

Ludgershall. 

Thomas  Baylemond 

Grafton,  Wilts. 

Walter  Hykendon   . 

Wilton. 

Robert  Gouche 

Lye,  Wilts. 

William  Postebury  . 

Wells. 

Laurence  Martin 

Frome. 

John  Kyng 

Hounslow. 

*  Who  had  succeeded  the  unfortunate  Milton  about  six  months  after  the 
opening  day.  In  the  Library  Catalogue  in  the  Vetus  Registrum  a  book  on 
grammar,  called  'Ferrum,'  from  that  being  its  first  word,  like  the  'as  in 
praesenti,'  is  said  to  be  his  gift  Perhaps  he  was  the  author.  It  appears  from 
the  computus  of  1399  that  the  College  was  at  the  expense  of  transcribing  it  :— 
'  In  pergameno  empt.  pro  quodam  libro  vocat.  Ferrum,  continenti  xij  quaternos, 
iij»  viij**.  In  solut.  Petro  scriptori  (Peter  de  Cheeshill)  pro  scriptura  dicti  libri 
in  partem  solucionis  xiii"  iiij"^ — vj»  viij^.' 

F  2 


68  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Scholars.  Diocese  or  Place. 

William  Dacombe Sherston. 

William  Norton,  major    ....        Kenton,  Devon. 

Henry  Adam Southam. 

Roger  Ffaryngdon  ,        .        .        .        .        Faringtt»n,  Lancashire. 

Robert  Quyntyn Hull. 

Edward  Overdon Staifordshire. 

John  Clerk Hyde,  Winchester. 

Ralph  de  Broghton  ....        Hants. 

John  Cugge Buriton. 

William  Kyngham Kingham. 

John  Morgan Blandford. 

John  Baylyf Whitchurch,  Glouc. 

John  Hanyngton Hannington. 

This,  the  final  edition  of  Wykeham's  Statutes,  consists  of 
forty-six  clauses,  called  rubrics,  from  the  circumstance  of  their 
titles  being  in  red  ink.  The  sealed  copy  which  was  delivered 
to  the  Society  on  this  occasion  is  preserved  in  the  muniment 
room.  It  is  bound  in  doeskin.  The  leaves  are  155  by  ii|- 
inches,  and  they  are  twenty-six  in  number,  besides  blank  or  fly- 
leaves. The  writing  is  very  clear,  in  black,  with  blue  and  red 
capitals,  and  illuminated  headings.  The  Founder's  seal,  im- 
pressed in  brown  wax,  and  further  protected  by  a  wrapper  of 
silk  cloth,  is  appended  by  green  and  red  strings  to  the  volume^. 
With  it  is  a  similar  copy  of  the  Statutes  of  New  College. 
Another  copy,  known  as  Heete's  copy,  was  made  in  the  year 
1424,  at  the  expense  of  Robert  Heete,  a  Fellow  of  the  College, 
for  the  purpose  of  being  kept  in  the  vestry,  or  antechapel,  in 
obedience  to  Rubric  XIII,  and  Archbishop  Arundel's  injunc- 
tion ^.  After  the  Reformation  it  was  kept  in  First  Chamber, 
but  was  taken  away  about  the  year  1788,  in  consequence  of  the 
boys  writing  in  it.  The  volume,  which  was  repaired  and  bound 
by  Zaehnsdorf  in  1890,  contains  a  copy  of  the  Statutes  of  both 
Colleges,  and  the  '  Tractatus  de  prosapia,  vita,  et  gestis  reve- 
rendi  patris  et  domini  Domini  Willelmi  de  Wykeham  ^'  The 
leaves,  13J  by  9  inches,  are  ninety-nine  in  number.  A  list  of 
subscribers  to  the  building  of  the  '  School '  is  entered  in  the  fly- 
leaves at  the  end  of  the  volume.    The  writing  and  binding,  with 

*  The  vellum  for  this  copy  cost  ids.,  and  the  writing  and  binding,  6s.  8</.  '  In 
sol.  pro  libro  statutorum  scribendo  x>.  .  .  .  Sol.  scriptori  pro  statutis  p'dict. 
scribendis,  una  cum  ligacione  eiusdem  vj«  viij '  (computus  of  1400). 

'  Chapter  viii.  '  Moberly,  Appendix  E. 


The  Statutes. 


69 


the  parchment,  cost  Heete  the  sum  of  265.  %d}  There  is  a 
third  copy  on  vellum,  belonging  to  the  library,  which  is  in  per- 
fect preservation,  and  a  fourth  on  paper,  which  a  Fellow  of  the 

*  Heete  also  gave  to  the  College  a  quantity  of  church  plate  and  vestments ; 
also  his  library,  and  a  cross  of  copper  gilt  and  a  pastoral  staff  for  the  boy-bishop 
on  Innocents  Day.  His  deed  of  gift,  dated  on  Michaelmas  Day,  2  Hen.  VI,  is 
preserved  in  the  muniment  room.     His  library  comprised  : — 

An  Ordinal valued  at 

A  Portiforium  parvum,  ad  usum  sociorum 

missorum  in  negotiis  Coll. 
A  Manual 
Another 


A  Gradual    . 
An  Epistolary 

A  Missal  for  use  in  Third  Chamber 
A  Bible  for  the  use  of  one  of  the  Fellows 
A  Glossary  of  St.  Mark 
Peter  Tarentinus  on  the  Holy  Eucharist 
A  Psalter,  with  notes 
Another,   with   the   '  De   Cura '  from    the 

'  Summa  Godefridi ' 
Innocentius  super  Decretal. 
Liber  Decretal.  Antiquus 
Causarium  Bemardi  super  Decret.  et  Decretal. 
Simon  Gratianus  super  Decret.,  cum  tractatu 

Valerini  de  auctoritate  biblie     . 
'  Parisienses  per  totum  annum,'  &c. 
Bonaventura  de  vita  et  passione  Christi 
Pastorals  of  Gregory  the  Great    . 
Albertanus  of  Brescia  de  dilectione  Dei 
The  Revelation  of  St.  Bridget      . 
Pupilla  Oculi,  for  the  use  of  one  of  the  Fellows 
Inventorium  juris  Canonici,  &c.    . 
Ricardus  de   Rosis  de  Epistolis  secundum 

consuetudinem  curie  Romane 
Summa  Confessorum    .         .         •         .         . 
Summa  Raymundi  Canoniste 
Summa  Godfridi  de  Fontanis 
Isidore  de  Summo  Bono      .... 

Miracula  B.  Virginis 

'Januenses  per  totum  annum ' 

Fasciculus  Morum 

Sermones  Dominicales         .... 
Liber  continens  diversas  materias  morales 

et  liber  vocat.  '  Binnell '   . 
Liber  Sermonum  ..... 

Repertorium 

Another  copy 

Ditto 


5. 

d. 

0  26 

8 

0  20 

0 

0  13 

4 

0  16 

8 

0  26 

8 

0  53 

4 

0  20 

0 

4  0 

0 

0  ID 

0 

0  13 

4 

0  30 

0 

0  30 

0 

0  23 

4 

0  15 

0 

0  20 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  30 

0 

0  13 

4 

0  53 

4 

0  10 

0 

0  33 

4 

0  40 

0 

0  20 

0 

0  13 

4 

0  40 

0 

0  13 

4 

0  13 

4 

0  13 

4 

0  10 

0 

0  26 

8 

0  6 

8 

0  3 

4 

6     8 


20 
10 
13 


70  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

College  named  Larke'  bequeathed  for  the  use  of  those  who 
should  occupy  after  him  his  study  over  First  Chamber.  Yet 
another  copy  exists,  which  Warden  Nicholas  transcribed  for  the 
use  of  his  successors  in  the  Wardenship. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Statutes  are  printed  verbatim  in  the  Ap- 
pendix, no  more  than  a  summary  of  them  is  attempted  in  this 
chapter. 

Rubric  I. — Of  the  total  number  of  scholars — clerks,  and  other 
persons.  A  warden,  seventy  scholars,  ten  fellows,  three  chap- 
lains, and  three  lay  clerks.  The  warden  and  fellows  are  to  be 
freeholders  [perpetui) ;  the  chaplains  and  lay  clerks  are  to  be 
condnctitii^  ac  eciam  remotivi, — without  vested  interests,  and 
liable  to  removal.  There  is  also  to  be  a  schoolmaster  {infor- 
mator)  and  an  usher  (hosfiarius),  who  are  likewise  remotivi. 

Rubric  II. —  Who  may  be  chosen  scholars,  and  of  the  qualifica- 
tion. Founder's  kin  first ;  then  natives  of  parishes  or  places  in 
which  one  of  the  two  St.  Mary  Winton  Colleges  has  property ; 
then  natives  of  the  diocese  of  Winchester  ;  then  natives  of  the 
counties  of  Oxon,  Berks,  Wilts,  Somerset,  Bucks,  Essex, 
Middlesex,  Dorset,  Kent,  Sussex,  or  Cambridge,  in  order; 
lastly,  natives  of  any  other  part  of  the  realm  of  England'. 
Candidates  must  be  pauperes  et  indigentes  *,  towardly  and  well- 

*  He  died  May  i6,  1582.     The  epitaph  on  his  brass  in  Cloisters  is  : — 

'  Qui  premor  hoc  tumulo  dicor  praenomine  Thomas 
Cognomen  fecit  dulcis  alauda  mihi. 
Bis  septem  menses,  ter  septem  presbyter  annos 
Hie  colui,  cujus  nunc  fruor  ore,  Deum.' 

*  The  Chaplains  of  Eton  College  are  called  '  conducts '  for  this  reason. 
Horace  Walpole,  writing  in  1737  froni  the  Christopher  Inn,  Eton,  to  George 
Montagu,  speaks  of  their  Eton  friend  Ashton,  as  *  standing  up  funking  over 
against  a  conduit  {sic)  to  be  catechised.' 

^  The  preference  here  given  to  the  diocese  of  Winchester  is  said  never  to 
have  been  observed,  and  little  if  any  regard  was  paid  to  the  order  of  counties. 
Two  scholars — Adyson  in  1536  and  Ruckwood  in  1548 — came  from  Calais  while 
it  counted  in  the  diocese  of  Canterbury ;  Mabson  from  Flushing  on  Long  Island 
was  admitted  in  1774,  after  a  year  in  Commoners,  and  Eustace  and  Moore  from 
New  York  were  admitted  in  1771  and  1781.  The  nomination  system  of  course 
superseded  these  preferences. 

*  I  will  not  attempt  to  translate  these  words,  about  the  precise  meaning  of 
which,  and  Wykeham's  intention  in  using  them,  there  has  been  so  much  con- 
troversy. See  Brougham's  letter  to  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  in  1818  on  the  abuses 
of  charities.  It  is  not  likely  that  Wykeham  intended  the  scholars  to  be  of  the 
humblest  and  lowest  class  in  society.  He  does  not  say  that  they  are  to  be  ad- 
mitted intuitu  cfiaritatis,  as  the  choristers  are.  Whatever  may  be  the  meaning 
of  the  word  indigetis,  it  is  certain  that  '  pauper '  often  means  '  neither  poor  nor 


The  Statutes.  ji 

mannered  ( '  manners  makyth  man ') ;  quick  to  study,  well  be- 
haved, and  grounded  in  Latin  grammar  \  reading,  and  plain 
song.  No  candidate  as  a  general  rule  is  to  be  under  eight  or 
over  twelve  years  of  age.  But  a  youth  of  unusual  merit  may 
be  admitted  at  any  age  under  seventeen  years,  if,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  electors,  he  is  certain  to  be  qualified  for  promotion  to 
New  College  at  the  regular  age.  A  scholar  who  has  not 
received  the  first  tonsure,  must  receive  it  during  his  first  year, 
under  pain  of  expulsion.  No  boy  suffering  from  incurable 
disease,  or  having  any  bodily  imperfection  which  might  operate 
as  a  disqualification  for  Holy  Orders,  is  to  be  elected,  nor  any 
boy  who  has  an  income  from  hereditaments  of  any  tenure  ex- 
ceeding five  marks  (66s.  8^.)  per  annum.  Founder's  kin,  however, 
may  be  maintained  within  the  College  from  their  seventh  to 
their  twenty-fifth  year,  though  they  be  worth  twenty  marks  a 
year.  If  a  consanguineus  is  not  qualified  in  grammar,  reading, 
and  plain  song  at  the  time  of  his  admission,  the  Warden  may 
employ  a  chaplain,  lay  clerk,  or  scholar  to  teach  him  :  and 
after  he  is  qualified  the  Warden  may  pay  six  and  eightpence 
yearly  to  one  of  the  discreeter  and  more  advanced  scholars  to 
superintend  his  studies.  YLwovy  consanguineus  viho  is  not  worth 
loos.  yearly  is  to  be  provided  with  linen  and  woollen  clothing, 
bedding,  shoes,  and  other  necessaries  at  the  Warden's  discre- 
tion. Every  scholar  not  Founder's  kin  is  to  leave  on  com- 
pleting his  eighteenth  year,  unless  he  be  then  on  the  roll  for 
New  College,  in  which  case  he  may  stay  on  until  he  succeed  to 
New  College,  or  complete  his  nineteenth  year,  and  no  longer. 

Rubric  III. — Of  the  election  of  Scholars  in  the  annual  super- 
vision.    The  Warden  and  two  Fellows  of  New  College  ^,  one  of 

rich.'  Wykeham  cannot  have  regarded  sheer  poverty  as  the  qualification  of  a 
scholar,  for  a  scholar  might  possess  an  income  approaching,  but  not  exceeding, 
five  marks  per  annum,  equivalent  to;^66  a  year  at  least  at  the  present  day,  and 
might  inherit  property  worth  anything  under  jf  5  a  year  without  forfeiting  his 
place  in  the  foundation.  Of  Wykeham's  general  intention  that  scholarships 
should  be  held  by  boys  whose  parents  were  too  poor  to  educate  them  w^ithout 
assistance,  there  can,  I  think,  be  no  doubt. 

'  In  antiquo  Donato ;  the  grammar  of  Aelius  Donatus,  a  '  grammaticus  '  of  the 
fourth  century.  There  is  no  evidence  that  the  grammar  of  Donatus  was  ever  in 
use  in  the  school.  There  was  no  copy  of  Donatus  in  the  original  library,  but 
there  were  five  copies  of  Priscian,  one  of  which,  given  by  the  Founder  himself, 
was  valued  at  6s.  Bd. 

*  Called  supervisors,  or  scrutineers,  and  latterly  '  Posers.'  The  Electors 
collectively  were  called  '  The  Chamber.' 


72  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

whom  is  to  be  a  Master  of  Theology  or  Philosophy,  and  the 
other  a  Bachelor  or  Doctor  of  Canon  or  Civil  Law,  are  to  visit 
Winchester  College  on  a  day  between  July  7  and  October  i  to  be 
fixed  by  the  Warden  of  New  College.  They  are  to  travel  there 
and  back  at  the  expense  of  New  College,  but  not  with  more  than 
six  horses  ^.  As  time  went  on,  it  became  the  practice  to  set  out 
from  Oxford  on  the  Monday,  sleep  at  Newbury,  and  reach  Win- 
chester on  the  Tuesday  afternoon.  Oxford  to  Winchester  is 
fifty-three  miles,  and  Newbury  is  halfway.  An  ancient  hostelry  on 
the  north  side  of  Bartholomew  Street,  Newbury  (now  Nos.  25  and 
26)  was  acquired  by  Winchester  College  in  the  year  1444,  probably 
for  the  use  of  members  of  the  two  Societies  passing  through  the 
town.  On  reaching  their  journey's  end,  the  electors  were  met 
at  the  Middle  Gate  {ad portas)  with  a  Latin  speech  by  one  of  the 
scholars.  After  the  delivery  of  this  speech  came  the  scrutiny, 
when  the  Chamber  sat  to  hear  and  investigate  complaints, 
correct  abuses,  and  enforce  obedience  to  the  Statutes.  A 
notable  instance  of  the  extent  of  their  power  occurred  in  the  year 
1 713.  There  was  a  vacancy  among  the  Fellows,  and  a  majority 
of  the  remaining  nine  could  not  be  got  to  vote  for  Henry 
Downes,  who  was  the  only  candidate.  Nobody  else  would  come 
forward ;  and  the  Electors,  Warden  Cobb,  Samuel  Greenway, 
and  Henshaw  Halsey,  nominated  Richard  Fiennes  to  fill  the 
vacancy,  and  admitted  him  a  Fellow.  However,  the  chief  duty 
of  the  Chamber  was  to  elect  scholars  ad  Oxen,  and  ad  IVynton. 
Rubric  HI  enjoins  the  Electors  to  examine  the  candidates  for 
both  places.  The  candidates  for  Winchester  are  to  be  examined 
in  Latin  grammar,  reading,  and  plain  song  ^  with  the  assistance 
of  the  master  and  usher,  and  the  fittest  are  to  be  chosen. 

'  No  doubt  with  the  object  of  limiting  the  number  of  the  party,  and  thus 
saving  expense  at  Winchester.  The  cost  of  entertaining  Warden  Malford  and 
his  party  at  the  election  of  1396  (they  arrived  on  the  Sunday  before  Michaelmas 
Day  and  stayed  four  days)  was  21s.  'jd.,  a  sum  which  would  have  paid  for  the 
Warden  and  FeUows'  commons  for  nearly  a  fortnight.  The  cost  of  the  election 
of  1436,  which  lasted  a  week,  was  465.  Bd.  In  the  year  1417  the  Society  pre- 
sented the  Warden  of  New  College,  on  his  coming,  with  a  cope  of  scarlet  {una 
cappa  de  scarleto)  costing  3s.  4^.,  and  gave  a  '  hurys '  or  caps,  value  8«/.,  to 
each  of  the  Posers,  William  Fryth  and  Thomas  Bekenton,  afterwards  Bishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells.     But  gifts  like  these  were  exceptional. 

*  '  Plain  song,'  Fuller  says  {Church  History,  II.  vii.  §  87),  'is  much  senior  to 
all  descanting  and  running  of  divisions.'  A  brass  in  the  chancel  at  Headbourne 
Worthy,  near  Winchester,  to  the  memory  of  John  Kent,  a  scholar  who  died 


The  Statutes.  73 

Wykeham's  system  of  intelligent  selection  from  a  wide  area 
with  a  due  regard  to  the  pecuniary  circumstances  of  the  candi- 
dates was  scarcely  adhered  to  in  his  own  day\  and  soon 
after  his  death  yielded  to  the  system  of  nominations,  which 
lasted  until  open  competition  was  introduced  in  1857.  The 
Chamber  by  no  means  enjoyed  a  monopoly  of  the  patron- 
age. From  the  time  of  Henry  IV  downwards  the  Crown 
claimed  a  right  to  nominate  a  scholar  occasionally,  Elizabeth 
exercised  it  in  the  cases  of  Stephen  Norreys,  a  son  of  one  of  her 
gentleman  pensioners  (June  24,  1568),  Gawen  Frye  (March  22, 
1569-70),  Thomas  Gregory  (May  8,  1574),  'for  that  Valentine 
Gregory,  of  Harleston,  being  charged  with  many  children  for 
whom  neverless  he  is  careful  to  see  them  well  brought  up  in  the 
feare  of  God,  vertue  and  learning,  as  farre  as  his  habilities  will 
allow,  hath  one  sonne  at  schoole  with  you  at  Winchester  to  his 
great  charges  and  burden,'  &c.  ^ ;  and  Constantine  Turton  (adm. 
1590).  Charles  I  did  a  little  in  this  way.  One  of  his  letters 
recommending  (unsuccessfully)  a  scholar  named  William  Miles, 
for  election  to  New  College,  is  dated  'from  Our  Court  at  Newport 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  the  18  dale  of  November,  1648.'  Charles  II 
made  a  practice  of  nominating  two  or  three  boys  annually.  They 
were,  generally  speaking,  sons  of  persons  who  had  suffered  in 
the  royal  cause.  One  of  his  letters  may  be  quoted  here  as  a 
sample  ^ 

August  30,  1434,  represents  him  in  the  toga  talaris  of  his  order;  and  a  scroll 
issuing  from  his  mouth  bears  the  legend  misericordias  dni  in  eternum  cantabo, 
'I  will  sing  of  the  mercies  of  the  Lord  for  ever'  (Ps.  Ixxxix.  i) — an  allusion, 
doubtless,  to  the  plain  song  in  which  he  was  proficient. 

*■  See  his  '  Littera  ut  ydonei  scolares  eligantur  in  Coll.  Oxon.  etWynton.  sine 
partialitate  aliqua,'  printed  in  Lowth,  Appendix  X. 

*  Extract  from  the  Queen's  recommendatory  letter.  The  father,  it  seems,  found 
expenses  in  Commoners  heavy,  and  so  made  interest  to  get  the  boy  into  College. 

»  'Charles  R. 

'  Trusty  and  well-beloved  wee  greet  you  well.  Understanding  that  Thomas 
Middleton,  an  orphan,  hath  spent  three  years  in  ye  Colledge  as  a  commoner  at 
the  sole  charge  of  Ann  Jordan,  his  aunt,  a  Sadler's  widow  of  London  ;  and  that 
by  her  inability  to  continue  him  there,  the  poore  friendless  and  helpless  ladd 
will  receave  a  check  in  the  fair  progress  hee  hath  already  made  in  ye  study  of 
learning :  Wee  have,  therefore,  at  her  humble  suit  and  in  a  sense  of  his  con- 
dicon,  thought  good  to  recommend  him  to  you  as  an  object  fit  for  favour,  and 
that  at  yor  next  Election  which  is  now  at  hand  you  will  choose  and  admit  him 
into  a  child's  place  in  that  Foundacon.  Which  being  an  act  of  charity  in  itself 
wee  will  esteem  noe  less  than  a  respect  to  Us,  and  bee  ready  to  remember  upon 


74  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

He  could,  however,  write  sharply  when  his  recommendations 
were  disregarded,  as  they  sometimes  were\ 

James  II  was  more  urgent  and  less  polite,  and  his  recom- 
mendations were  not  quite  so  often  obeyed.  Two  or  three  re- 
commendatory letters  by  Lord  Clarendon  are  preserved ;  one 
(Mundy  to  New  College  in  1664)  is  countersigned  by  the  Arch- 
bishop of  York,  and  the  Bishops  of  London,  Durham,  Ely,  Lin- 
coln, Norwich,  Sarum,  Lichfield,  and  Coventry,  Carlisle, Chester, 
Peterborough,  and  Oxford.  The  Privy  Council  asserted  the 
like  privilege  ^.  The  following  letter  in  favour  of  a  boy  named 
Maidwell  Eden,  may  serve  as  a  sample  of  their  letters  : — 

'  Reverend  Gentlemen  : — Doo  us  the  favour  to  elect  the  son  of 
the  bearer,  William  Eden,  into  the  Colledge  of  Winton  this  election, 
this  being  the  fourth  time  of  appearance  ;  he  having  by  certificate 
proved  himself  near  of  kin  to  the  Danverses,  and  thereby  near  of 
Kinn  to  the  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Viscount  Saye  and  Sele, 
who  was  the  chief  founder's  kinsman. 

'To  the  Wardens  of  New  Colledge  and  Winton  and  ye  other  Electors. 

'Ap.  ye2i,  1711.  'Leeds, 

*JON.   OSSORY, 
'J.   ISHAM, 

*  Tho.  Cartwright, 

*  G.    DOLBEN.' 

any  good  concernment  for  ye  Colledge.    And  soe  Wee  bid  you  farewell.    Given 
at  our  Court  at  Whitehall  ye  loth  of  August,  1660. 

'  By  his  Matie's  comand, 

'  Edw.  Nicholas.' 
^  I  quote  part  of  a  letter  of  his  to  the  two  Wardens,  dated  Jan  9,  1673-4  '• — 
'  Wee  are  informed  that  the  election  of  scholars  is  made  every  year  by  the 
Warden  and  two  of  the  Fellows  of  New  Colledge  in  Oxford,  together  with  the 
Warden,  subwarden,  and  schoolmaster  of  the  sayde  Colledge  of  Winchester, 
at  which  ceremony  it  hath  been  the  constant  custom  time  out  of  mind  that  the 
first  place  be  bestowed  upon  such  person  as  the  King  shall  write  for  or  recom- 
mend, the  second  upon  one  recommended  or  written  for  by  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, and  then  such  to  be  chosen  as  the  foresayd  Electors  shall  every  one  in 
his  order  think  fit  to  nominate.  And  this  method  hath  always  been  observed 
without  interruption  until  the  three  years  last  past,  wherein  (as  wee  are  given 
to  understand)  the  Electors  have  postponed  both  Our  nomination  and  the 
bishop's  to  their  owne.  Wee  are  not  willing  to  entertaine  a  conceit  that  this 
preposterous  way  of  proceeding  hath  been  introduced  with  any  sinister  inten- 
tion, yet  wee  cannot  but  be  sensible  of  the  disrespect  you  have  thereby 
showed,  as  well  to  Ourselfe  as  to  your  bishop,  who  is  your  Visitor  and  suc- 
cessor to  your  Founder.    Wee  do  therefore  require  that  you  presume  no  longer 

to  practice  the  sayd  innovation ' 

■^  E.  g.  John  Langley,  a  nephew  of  Sir  Antony  Ashley,  Clerk  of  the  Council, 
whom  they  got  into  College  in  1604. 


The  Statutes.  75 

In  the  year  1703  Warden  Traffles  got  the  system  of  King's 
Letters  abolished  as  regards  New  College  by  his  own  personal 
exertions,  of  which  he  left  a  journal  \  But  it  continued  in 
force  at  Winchester  until  1726,  when  Secretary  Holies'^  was 
induced  to  recall  a  letter  which  had  been  given  to  a  boy  named 
John  Trenchard  Bromfield,  upon  the  faith  of  a  representation 
by  the  Electors  that  their  oath  obliged  them  to  elect  the  most 
worthy  candidates  ^ 

'  Appendix,  XII. 

*  Afterwards  Duke  of  Newcastle,  and  Prime  Minister. 

*  This  is  the  King's  letter : — 

'  G.  R. 

'  Trusty  and  well  beloved  we  greet  you  well.  Having  been  informed  of  the 
hopeful  parts  of  John  Trenchard  Bromfield,  and  humble  suit  having  been 
made  unto  Us  on  his  behalf, 

*We  have  thought  fit  hereby  to  recommend  him  to  you  in  a  most  effectual 
manner,  telling  and  requiring  you  to  elect  and  admit  the  said  John  Trenchard 
Bromfield  a  child  of  that  our  College  of  Winchester  at  the  next  election.  So 
not  doubting  of  your  compliance  herein,  we  bid  you  heartily  farewell. 

'  Given  at  our  Court  at  St.  James'  the  twenty-ninth  day  of  April,  in  the 
twelfth  year  of  our  reign,  a.  d.  1726. 

'  By  His  Majesty's  Command, 

'  HoLLES  Newcastle.' 

Wardens  Bigg  and  Dobson  on  receiving  the  above  letter  waited  on  the  King 
at  St.  James'  with  the  following  remonstrance : — 
'  May  it  please  your  Majesty — 

'  We,  your  Majesty's  most  dutiful  and  loyal  subjects  the  Wardens  of  New 
College  in  the  University  of  Oxford  and  of  the  College  near  Winchester,  on 
behalf  of  ourselves  and  others  the  electors  of  those  your  Majesty's  College, 
beg  leave  to  acknowledge  with  great  humility  the  receipt  of  your  Majesty's 
most  gracious  letter  willing  and  requiring  us  to  choose  at  the  election  now  de- 
pending John  Trenchard  Bromfield  into  a  child's  place  in  your  Majesty's  said 
College  of  Winchester. 

'  We  beg  leave  most  humbly  to  assure  your  Majesty  that  this  signification  of 
your  royal  pleasure  was  received  with  a  respect  becoming  the  most  dutiful  of 
your  Majesty's  subjects :  and  at  the  same  time,  do  most  humbly  and  most 
earnestly  beseech  your  Majesty  to  take  into  your  princely  consideration  the 
case  of  your  petitioners,  who  by  the  Statute  of  our  Founder,  William  of  Wyke- 
ham  (confirmed  to  us  by  so  many  grants  and  charters  of  your  Majesty's  royal 
progenitors)  are  constituted  sole  electors  of  the  two  Colleges;  and  that  we 
are  bound  by  a  solemn  oath,  yearly  taken  before  we  enter  upon  the  duty  of 
Electors,  not  to  be  swayed  by  fear  or  favour,  interest  or  reward. 

'  We  do  confess  that  in  the  reign  of  King  Charles  the  Second  and  King 
James  letters  mandatory  have  from  time  to  time  taken  place  in  our  elections,  to 
the  great  grief  of  our  predecessors ;  but  that  at  length  upon  a  humble  represen- 
tation made  to  King  William,  his  Majesty  was  pleased  to  return  this  most 
gracious  answer  "  God  forbid  that  I  should  hinder  any  of  my  Colleges  from 


76  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

The  Bishop  of  Winchester  (Willis)  withdrew  his  pretensions 
in  1731,  owing  to  a  letter  from  the  Warden^;  and  it  maybe 
assumed  that  from  the  date  of  that  letter  the  Electors  had  all 
the  vacancies  at  their  disposal.  Writing  in  the  year  1773 
Wilkes  says  : — 

'The  Election  consists  of  a  nomination  determined  by  votes. 
Those  invested  with  this  power  are  the  Warden  of  New  College ; 

observing  their  statutes."  It  pleased  God  soon  afterwards  to  take  to  himself 
his  late  Majesty  King  William  of  gracious  memory ;  but  the  representation 
above  mentioned  meeting  with  like  favour  and  success  at  the  hands  of  his 
successor,  her  late  Majesty  Queen  Anne,  we  have  hitherto  enjoyed  the  freedom 
of  elections  agreeably  to  the  trust  reposed  in  us  by  our  Founder,  to  the  unspeak- 
able comfort  and  satisfaction  of  your  Majesty's  two  Colleges,  and  all  that  bear 
relation  to  them. 

'  We  presume  therefore  to  approach  your  Sacred  Majesty  upon  this  occasion 
with  equal  humility  and  confidence,  persuading  ourselves,  that  as  your  Majesty's 
reign  stands  most  illustriously  distinguished  by  acts  of  grace  and  favour  to  your 
people — as  all  your  subjects  of  all  ranks  and  degrees  sit  down  in  the  full  and 
secure  enjoyment  of  their  respective  rights — so  your  Majesty  v^rill  be  graciously 
pleased  to  extend  your  goodness  to  us  also :  that  we  may  not  be  made  the 
single  exception  to  this  most  general  rule  of  your  Majesty's  government,  but 
may  still  continue  to  enjoy  a  free  choice  in  our  elections— a  privilege  of  all 
others  the  most  dear  and  valuable  to  us. 

'And  we  are  the  rather  inclined  to  these  assurances  from  a  consciousness 
that  as  we  offer  up  to  Almighty  God  our  daily  prayers  for  the  welfare  and 
prosperity  of  your  Majesty's  person,  family  and  government,  so  we  are,  and 
shall  be,  careful  to  instil  the  same  principles  of  duty  and  loyalty  unto  the 
youth  committed  to  our  charge. 

'  Signed,  Henry  Bigg,  W.N.C. 

John  Dobson,  W.W.C 

His  Majesty  replied,  'As  you  seem  rather  to  distrust  my  right  than  to  ask  any 
favour  I  will  leave  the  matter  to  my  Attorney  General.' 

The  Wardens  returned  to  Winchester  to  finish  the  roll,  and  under  advice 
added  Bromfield's  name  at  the  foot,  'quem  nominamus  sub  hac  conditione,  ut 
admittatur  in  primum  successionis  locum  postquam  regiae  litterae  confirmatae 
fuerint.'     It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  Bromfield  was  not  admitted. 

1  *  Winchester  College, 

'My  Lord,  '3  Sept.,  1731. 

'  I  have  communicated  to  ye  Electors  your  Lordship's  letter  in  favour  of  Mr. 
Southby's  son.  They  have  desired  me  to  assure  your  Lordship  that  they  will 
always  receive  your  pleasure  with  the  greatest  duty.  But  reflecting  upon  the 
great  inconveniences  that  have  arisen  to  both  Colleges  from  the  influence  of 
Royal  and  Episcopal  letters,  and  fearing  that  compliance  herein  may  be  a 
means  of  introducing  them  again,  to  the  great  prejudice  of  that  freedom  of 
Election  which  they  now  happily  enjoy  and  think  it  their  duty  to  maintain, 
they  persuade  themselves  from  your  Lordship's  goodness  and  regard  for  the 
privileges  of  both  Societies  that  you  will  not  be  offended  with  them  for 
finishing  their  election  without  preferring  Mr.  Southby's  son.' 


The  Statutes.  77 

the  Warden  of  Winchester  College ;  the  senior  supervisor ;  the 
junior  supervisor ;  the  sub- Warden  of  Winchester  College  ;  the  Head 
Master.  Such  therefore  as  intend  their  children  for  this  College  are 
to  procure  a  nomination  from  some  one  of  the  above  gentlemen.' 

The  names  of  the  elect  'ad  Oxon.*  and  'ad  Winton./  accord- 
ing to  Rubric  III,  are  to  be  entered  in  order  of  merit  on  a  roll 
or  indenture.  Existing  vacancies  are  to  be  filled  up  from  this 
roll  then  and  there ;  and  subsequent  ones  within  eight  days 
after  they  happen,  to  the  intent  that  the  College  may  always  be 
full.  The  practice  of  making  provision  for  prospective  vacan- 
cies has  never  been  departed  from,  except  for  a  short  time 
under  the  Statutes  of  the  present  Governing  Body ;  and  it  was 
soon  found  necessary  to  recur  in  substance  to  the  old  practice. 

Rubric  IV. — What  is  to  happen  when  the  Electors  cannot  agree. 
The  voice  of  the  majority  is  to  prevail,  after  deliberation. 

Rubric  V. — Of  the  oath  of  scholars  completing  their  fourteenth 
year.  On  attaining  that  age  the  scholars  are  to  be  sworn  to 
maintain  the  rights  of  the  College,  to  obey  the  Statutes  in  their 
plain,  natural,  and  grammatical  sense,  and  not  to  divulge  the 
secrets  of  the  House.     The  form  of  oath  is  set  forth. 

Rubric  VI. — Of  the  election  of  Warden,  and  his  oath.  He  is 
to  be  elected  by  the  Fellows  of  New  College,  and  must  be,  or 
have  been,  a  Fellow  of  one  of  the  two  St.  Mary  Winton 
Colleges,  a  graduate  in  Canon  or  Civil  Law  or  Master  of  Arts,  in 
priest's  orders,  and  at  least  thirty  years  of  age. 

Rubric  VII. — Of  the  office  of  Warden.  He  is  to  have  the 
general  control  of  affairs,  which  his  name  {custos)  denotes,  but 
must  consult  the  Fellows  in  matters  of  importance. 

Rubric  VIII. — Of  the  election  of  Fellows.  There  are  to  be 
ten  Fellows  and  three  Chaplains  (the  latter  nominated  by  the 
Warden,  and  removeable  at  his  pleasure).  They  must  possess  a 
sufficient  knowledge  of  Latin  and  plain  song  to  be  able  to 
celebrate  mass.  A  Fellow  is  to  be  elected  by  the  Warden  and 
remaining  Fellows,  who,  on  notice  of  a  vacancy,  are  to  meet  in 
Chapel  and  elect  on  oath  the  candidate  whom  '  prae  honore  utili- 
tate  et  comodo  coUegio  magis  profuturum  crediderint.'  Fellows 
must  be  graduates,  and  in  priest's  orders.  Preference  is  to  be 
given  to  past  or  present  Fellows  of  New  College  first  of  all ;  then 
to  past  or  present  Chaplains ;  and  failing  such,  to  priests  from 

1 


78  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

the  diocese  of  Winchester,  and  then  to  priests  from  the  counties 
of  Oxon,  Berks,  Wilts,  Bucks,  Essex,  Middlesex,  Dorset,  Kent, 
Sussex,  or  Cambridge,  in  order.  Fellows  elect  are  to  be  sworn 
in  a  prescribed  form  to  obey  the  Statutes  in  their  plain,  natural, 
and  grammatical  sense,  to  defend  the  rights  of  the  College,  to 
avoid  quarrels,  eschew  tale-bearing  and  backbiting,  obey  their 
elders,  and  not  to  reveal  the  secrets  of  the  House.  The  name 
and  surname  of  every  Fellow  and  Scholar  is  to  be  entered  in  a 
register.  Sixteen  choristers,  pauperes  et  indigentes  like  the 
Scholars,  are  to  be  chosen  as  objects  of  charity  {intuitu  charita- 
tis).  They  are  to  sing  in  the  choir,  make  the  beds  of  the 
Fellows  and  Chaplains  \  and  help  the  servants  who  wait  at 
table '^.  They  are  to  be  fed  on  the  broken  victuals,  on  the 
*  fragmenta  et  reliquiae  quae  superfuerunt  de  mensis  presby- 
terorum  et  scolarium,'  but  if  this  provision  is  not  enough  it  may 
be  increased.  We  find  these  boys  as  early  as  the  year  1397  in 
receipt  of  an  allowance  of  6d.  each  weekly,  which,  if  we  put  the 
value  of  the  broken  victuals  at  2,d.  each  weekly,  makes  the  pro- 
vision for  them  equal  to  the  provision  for  the  scholars.  The 
whole  clause  seems  out  of  place  here,  and  may  be  one  of  those 
which  Wykeham  added  to  the  original  draft  of  the  Statutes. 
There  is  some  reason  to  suppose  that  the  Choristers  did  not 
appear  in  Wykeham's  original  scheme.  They  are  not  mentioned 
in  the  Charter  of  Foundation,  and  do  not  appear  in  the  com- 
putus rolls  for  more  than  a  year  after  the  opening  day.  Proba- 
bly their  chamber  was  not  ready  till  then.  It  appears  from 
various  entries  in  the  rolls  that  Wykeham  was  in  the  habit  of 
lending  his  own  choir  at  Wolvesey  on  special  occasions  during 
the  first  year  or  two  after  the  opening. 

Rubric  IX. — In  what  things  the  Fellows,  Scholars,  and  other 
persons  must  obey  the  Warden.  Obedience  to  him  in  lawful 
matters  is  here  enjoined  under  pain  of  expulsion. 

Rubric  X. — Of  the  Vicewarden  and  Sacrist,  their  duties  and 

*  The  scholars  made  their  own  beds  during  the  interval  between  rising  and 
matins  until  the  year  1 708,  when  bed-makers  were  employed  for  the  first  time 
at  the  desire  of  Bishop  Trelawney,  who  suggested  in  a  letter  to  the  Warden 
that  the  scholars  might  be  relieved  from  that  '  servile  and  foul  office  '  and  gain 
an  hour  longer  in  bed,  i.  e,  till  six  a.  m. 

*  '  Hi  resonant  sacros  argutis  vocibus  hymnos 

In  Templo  :  ex  Templo  sociis  puerisque  ministrant ' ; 
says  Christopher  Jonson. 


The  Statutes.  79 

oaths.  A  Vicewarden  and  a  Sacrist  are  to  be  chosen  out  of 
the  Fellows  annually.  The  vicewarden  is  to  have  a  stipend 
of  26s.  Sd. ;  the  sacrist  is  to  have  charge  of  the  crosses,  vessels, 
ornaments,  and  vestments,  and  to  be  precentor,  with  a  stipend 
of  13s.  4flf.  It  was  his  duty  as  precentor  to  arrange  who  should 
officiate  at  each  service.  A  diptych,  or  tablet,  was  provided  in 
1398  for  his  use.  'In  j  tabula  ceranda  cum  viridi  cera  pro  intitu- 
lacione  capellanorum  et  clericorum  capelle  ad  missas  et  alia 
psallenda,  viij^^ '  is  an  item  in  the  computus  of  that  year.  The 
statutes^  of  the  oratory  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Barton,  circa 
1295,  say,  'qui  precentor  habeat  tabulam  in  oratorio  super 
appensam  in  qua  scribat  die  Sabbati  post  prandium  et  ordinet 
quales  missas  quis  eorum  celebrare  debeat.' 

Rubric  XI. — Of  the  Bursars  ^  and  their  duties.  Two  are  to  be 
elected  out  of  the  Fellows  annually.  They  are  to  receive  the 
income  of  the  Society  and  pay  the  outgoings.  All  moneys  are 
to  be  put  into  a  common  chest  under  the  eyes  of  the  Warden 
and  three  senior  Fellows.  Any  surplus  is  to  be  dealt  with  as 
the  Warden  and  major  part  of  the  Fellows  direct,  '  pro  comodo 
utilitate  et  honore  collegii.'  Each  Bursar  is  to  keep  a  separate 
account  as  a  check  on  the  other,  and  to  receive  a  stipend  of 
13s.  \d. 

Rubric  XII. — Of  the  Schoolmaster  and  Usher  under  him,  and 
their  oaths.  The  Schoolmaster  is  to  possess  a  competent  know- 
ledge of  Latin  ('sit  in  gramatica  sufficienter  eruditus'),  have  had 
experience  in  teaching,  and  be  a  man  of  good  fame  and  conver- 
sation. It  is  not  stated  that  he  shall  be  in  Holy  Orders.  He 
is  to  be  appointed  by  the  Warden  and  Fellows,  and  to  hold 
office  during  their  pleasure.  His  duties  are,  to  teach  or  super- 
vise the  teaching  of  the  scholars,  and  to  chide,  punish,  and 
chastise  the  idle  and  delinquent,  taking  care  that  the  chastise- 
ment be  not  excessive  ^  He  is  to  report  to  the  Warden  the 
case  of  any  scholar  who  will  not  take  a  flogging,  or  whom  he 
cannot  flog  \     The  Usher  is  also  to  possess  a  competent  know- 

^  Archaeologia,  LI  I.  297.  *  Called  'bowsers  '  in  the  last  century. 

3  Corporal  punishment  was  to  be  inflicted  by  the  head-master  only.  After 
Warden  Baker's  time  the  vimen  quadripartitutn  of  four  apple-twigs  lashed  to 
a  handle  was  the  tool  which  they  used. 

*  There  were  always  boys  of  eighteen  and  upwards  in  the  school,  and  a 
consangtiifieus  might  be  any  age  under  twenty  five. 


8o  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

ledge  of  Latin,  but  need  not  necessarily  have  had  experience  in 
teaching. 

Rubric  XIII. — Of  the  weekly  allowance  for  commons.  This  is 
to  be  12^.,  rising  to  \\d.  or  even  i6d.  in  time  of  dearth,  for 
every  fellow  and  chaplain,  and  for  the  schoolmaster  and  usher; 
lod.  for  every  lay  clerk ;  and  8rf.  for  every  scholar.  Scholars 
under  sixteen  years  of  age  may  have  breakfast  {jantaculum). 
Other  members  of  the  Society  are  to  have  two  meals  only, 
prandium  and  cena.  The  bursars  are  to  keep  a  weekly  account 
of  the  commons,  and  balance  it  at  the  end  of  the  quarter.  If 
the  amount  spent  on  commons  exceeds  the  sums  allowed  as 
above  at  the  end  of  the  quarter,  the  deficiency  is  to  be  made 
good  in  the  next  quarter ;  if  the  balance  is  the  other  way,  the 
surplus  {excrescentia  comunarum)  is  to  be  put  into  the  chest. 
An  extra  allowance  may  be  made  for  guests  whom  the  Warden 
entertains  ex  curialitate  or  ex  necessitate ;  and  the  bursars  may 
allow  five  shillings  extra  in  Hall  when  they  think  fit  ut  lautius 
epulentur  ^ 

Rubric  XIV. — Of  the  order  of  sitting  in  Hall;  of  reading  aloud 
the  Bible  ;  and  of  the  Seneschal  of  Hall.  Every  member  of  the 
Society  is  to  dine  and  sup  in  Hall  daily,  unless  let  by  sickness 
or  other  sufficient  cause.  The  Warden  is  to  sit  at  the  head  of 
the  middle  table,  with  the  schoolmaster  and  senior  fellows,  and 
they  are  not  to  have  more  than  five  dishes.  The  rest  of  the 
Society  are  to  sit  at  the  side  tables ;  the  junior  fellows  and 
chaplains  at  the  top,  below  them  the  usher,  and  next  to  him 
the  scholars,  each  as  he  happens  to  come  into  Hall,  without 
affectation  of  seniority  or  scrambling  for  places.  The  lay-clerks 
and  choristers  are  to  wait  upon  the  rest,  and  dine  and  sup  with 
the  servants.  The  fellows  are  to  hold  the  office  of  Seneschal 
of  Hall  in  turn,  week  and  week  about.  The  Seneschal's  duty 
is  to  see  that  the  manciple's  accounts  are  correct,  and  he  is  not 
to  make  his  duty  an  excuse  for  going  into  the  town,  or  absent- 
ing himself  from  chapel  '^.     During  dinner  and  supper  a  scholar 

^  I  transpose  this  clause  from  Rubric  XXVI,  where  it  seems  out  of  place. 

*  The  oflBce  of  Seneschal  of  Hall  seems  to  have  dropped  about  the  year 
1520.  Many  of  his  books  are  preserved  in  the  muniment  room,  the  series 
commencing  with  a  fragment  of  the  book  for  1395.  These  books  record  the 
name  of  everybody  who  was  in  commons  from  week  to  week,  and  the  names 
of  guests  at  dinner  and  supper  whether  at  the  fellows'   or  servants'  table. 


The  Statutes.  8i 

chosen  by  the  schoolmaster  is  to  read  aloud  passages  from  the 
*  Lives  of  the  Saints,*  the  '  Dicta  Doctorum,'  or  Holy  Writ,  the 
others  keeping  silence  \ 

Rubric  XV. — No  tarrying  in  hall  after  meals.     Forasmuch  as 
men  when  they  have  eaten  and  drunk  often  indulge  in  scurrili- 
ties, and  saying  of  things  which  are  not  convenient,  or,  which 
is  worse,  in  backbiting  and  quarrels,  it  is  required  that  every- 
one shall  leave  hall  after  dinner  or  supper  is  over,  so  soon  as 
the   loving  cup  (poculum  charitatis)  shall  have  passed  round 
once  among  the  Fellows.   Nevertheless  after  supper  on  festivals  ^-jj^^-t-     ,^ 
when  the  drinking  is  done  (post  potacionem  in  aula)'^,  they  need  ffi^  ^>wi^ 
not  retire  till  curfew:  and  on  festivals  in  winter,  when  a  fire  is;^(^4blAK  / 
on  the  hearth,  the  company  present  may,  for  recreation's  sake,  I  ^ih  ^ 
spend  a  moderate  time  in  singing  or  other  honest  amusements, 
such   as   reciting   lays,    reading   chronicles,  or   talking  of  the 
wonders  of  the  universe,  and  other  subjects  befitting  the  gravity 
of  churchmen. 

Rubric  XVI. — Strangers  not  to  be  introduced  so  as  to  be  a 
burden  to  the  Society.  No  Fellow  or  scholar  may  bring  a  parent, 
brother,  kinsman,  or  friend  into  College  so  as  to  interrupt  the 
scholars*  studies.  Any  Fellow  or  scholar  may  entertain  friends 
in  his  chamber  or  in  Hall  at  his  own  expense,  but  not  for  more 
than  two  days  at  a  time.  No  stranger,  of  whatever  rank,  shall 
be  allowed  to  pass  the  night  within  the  College,  unless  he  be 
there  on  business,  or  for  some  special  reason,  with  the 
Warden's  leave.  A  plea  that  a  visitor  is  paying  for  his 
commons  shall  not  be  admitted.     A  member  of  the  Society  who 

Similar  books  were  kept  at  New  College  ;  a  facsimile  copy  of  four  pages  from 
the  Seneschal's  book  there,  for  the  year  ending  Michaelmas,  1387,  was  privately 
printed  for  the  Warden  of  New  College  in  1886. 

*  May  not  the  custom  of  the  prefect  of  hall  reading  aloud  the  gospel  for  the 
day  at  a  certain  stage  of  the  dinner  in  hall  on  Domum  day,  be  traceable  to  this, 
which  was  a  common  discipline  in  religious  houses  ?  I  find  in  the  Computus  of 
1491,  an  entry  of  135.  ^d. '  pro  reparacione  ligacione  et  co6pertura  unius  biblie  pro 
pucris  ad  bibliam  in  aula  legendam  ; '  and  in  1575  there  is  an  item  of  gd.  *  pro 
uno  testamento  Anglico  pro  lectura  biblie  in  aula.'  The  ninth  injunction  of 
Edward  VI  requires  of  religious  bodies  '  that  they  shall  have  every  day  some 
part  of  the  scripture  read  in  English  at  their  table  in  the  time  of  their  meals, 
to  the  intent,  that  they  having  communication  thereof  may  utterly  avoid 
slanderous  and  unsenseful  talking.' 

*  It  seems  as  if  on  festivals  the  loving  cup  went  round  oftcncr  than  once 
and  all  partook  of  it. 

G 


82  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

harbours  a  guest  for  the  night  without  leave  shall  have  his 
commons  stopped  for  a  week.  Here  an  exception  is  introduced 
in  favour  of  the  sons  of  people  of  station  and  influence  (nobilium 
ac  valencium  personarum  et  collegio  specialiter  amicorum). 
-Ten  of  this  class ^  may  be  lodged  and  boarded  within  the 
College,  but  on  condition  that  they  be  no  burden.  Here  comes 
in  a  prohibition  of  prayer  meetings  (conventiculae)  "^  and 
sermons  (tractatus)  by  unauthorized  persons ",  which  must  have 
been  introduced  on  revision. 

Rubric  XVH. — Scholars  and  Fellows  not  to  absent  themselves 
from  College,  or  keep  dogs,  or  use  arms.  No  Fellow,  Chaplain, 
master,  or  scholar  may  be  away  from  College  for  periods  ex- 
ceeding a  month  in  any  year  without  sufficient  reason.  No 
scholar  may  go  into  the  town  or  Soke  without  leave.  No 
Fellow,  scholar,  or  servant  may  keep  dogs,  hawks,  or  ferrets, 
or  have  nets,  or  perform  military  exercises,  or  play  any  game, 
or  shoot  or  throw  anything  within  or  near  the  buildings,  lest 
the  cloisters  or  other  parts  of  the  fabric  should  suffer  damage. 
No  Fellow  may  pass  the  night  in  the  town,  or  Soke,  or  else- 
where within  four  miles  distance,  without  sufficient  reason. 
Nor  may  any  Fellow  or  scholar  grow  long  hair  or  a  beard,  or 
wear  shoes  with  peaks  or  hoods  with  frogs  (neque  sotularibus  * 
rostratis  aut  capuciis  nodulatis  utantur),  or  wear  a  sword  or 
dagger,  or  frequent  taverns,  shows  (spectacula),  or  other  im- 
proper places.  And  the  wearing  of  red  or  green  shoes  {a 
fashion  of  the  day)  is  utterly  forbidden  in  the  case  of  the 
Fellows. 

Rubric  XVH  I. — Fellows  sent  out  on  business  to  be  allowed  their 
expenses.  These  are  to  be  allowed  out  of  the  Chest  on  produc- 
tion of  the  vouchers.  The  commons  of  Fellows  absent  on  their 
own  business  are  to  be  stopped  during  their  absence. 

*  See  Chapter  vii,  The  Commoners. 

*  Cf.  Canon  LXXIII  '  Ministers  not  to  hold  private  conventicles'  and  Canon 
XI  against  maintainers  of  such,  to  which  John  Bunyan  owed  his  twelve 
years'  imprisonment  in  Bedford  Gaol. 

'  Aimed,  perhaps,  at  itinerant  preachers  of  Wycliffe's  doctrines. 

*  Sotulares,  i.  e.  or  =  subtalares,  a  kind  of  shoe  or  buskin.  In  the  visitation  of 
Selborne  Priory,  held  by  Wykeham  in  person  in  the  year  1387,  he  censures 
the  brethren  for  the  wearing  of  boots  '  caligarum  de  burncto  ac  sotularium 
ocrearum  loco.' 


The  Statutes.  83 

Rubric  XIX. — Backbiters,  plotters,  and  sowers  of  discord  not 
to  be  tolerated.  Offenders  in  this  behalf  are  to  be  punished 
by  stoppage  of  commons,  and  after  four  warnings  by  ex- 
pulsion. 

Rubric  XX. — Of  the  correction  of  venial  offences.  Such  offences 
as  disobedience  to  the  Warden  in  small  matters,  incivility,  mis- 
behaviour in  Chapel,  and  slovenly  dress,  are  to  be  reprimanded 
by  the  Warden  and  Bursars. 

Rubric  XXI. — Of  relief  to  scholars  and  Founder's  kin  when  sick. 
A  scholar  who  is  sick  is  to  be  allowed  his  commons  for  one 
month.  If  at  the  end  of  the  month  he  is  not  mending  and  has 
no  visible  means  of  support,  he  is  to  be  boarded  out  and  receive 
the  money  value  of  his  commons^  for  the  space  of  three  months 
if  need  be.  If  at  the  end  of  three  months  there  be  no  appearance 
of  convalescence  he  is  then  and  there  to  cease  to  be  a  scholar, 
and  his  place  is  to  be  filled  up.  A  Founder's  kin  when  sick,  may 
remain  within  the  buildings,  and  is  to  be  supplied  with  food, 
drink,  &c.  If  the  sickness  be  chronic  or  infectious  he  is  to 
be  boarded  out,  and  to  receive  (unless  he  has  property  worth 
1 005.  a  year)  an  allowance  of  2s.  a  week  as  long  as  the  sickness 
lasts  ^. 

Rubric  XXII. — Causes  for  which  the  Warden  may  be  removed, 
the  manner  of  his  removal,  and  his  Retiring  Pension.  If  the  War- 
den be  convicted  of  any  offence  against  morals,  or  of  wasting  the 
goods,  or  alienating  the  possessions  of  the  College,  he  may  be 
removed  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  at  the  instance  of  the 
Warden  and  Fellows  of  New  College.  If  he  retire  through 
infirmity,  and  be  not  possessed  of  a  benefice  worth  twenty  marks 
a  year,  at  least,  the  Society  may  award  him  a  pension  of 
twenty  marks. 

Rubric  XXIII. — Causes  which  vacate  a  Fellowship.  A  Fellow 
is  to  be  removed  if  he  enter  any  religious  order,  or  absent  him- 
self from  College  for  more  than  a  month  in  any  year,  absence  on 

^  Instances  occur  of  this  in  the  Computus  of  1397,  and  subsequently. 

'  No  allowance  is  provided  for  the  Fellows  in  case  of  sickness,  which  seems 
an  omission.  One  of  them,  however,  Edward  Tacton  by  name,  drew  is.  a 
week  during  the  eight  weeks  that  his  illness  continued,  and  had  a  chorister  to 
wait  on  him  when  he  went  to  Southampton  for  change  of  air  afterwards. 
This  was  in  the  year  1449. 

G  2 


84  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

College  business  not  counting  \  The  acceptance  of  a  living 
also  vacated  a  fellowship  ^. 

Rubric  XXIV. — On  what  grounds  scholars  may  be  removed. 
A  scholar  may  be  removed  if  convicted  of  any  crime  or  im- 
morality, or  if  he  enter  any  religious  order,'  or  marry,  or  absent 
himself  from  College  more  than  a  month  in  any  year. 

Rubric  XXV. — On  what  grounds  Fellows  may  be  removed. 
A  Fellow  may  be  removed  for  heresy,  simony,  perjury,  or  im- 
morality, or  for  attending  prayer  meetings  *. 

Rubric  XXVI. — Of  the  Stipends.  The  yearly  stipends  are  to 
be: — Warden,  £20;  each  Fellow,  £5;  Schoolmaster,  £10; 
Usher,  £3  6s.  Qd.  * ;  each  Chaplain,  405. ;   each  Lay  Clerk,  20s. 

*  Wykeham  does  not  add  here,  *  or  marry '  as  he  does  in  the  corresponding 
Statute  for  New  College,  probably  because  the  Fellows  of  Winchester  College 
were  to  be  priests,  and  he  did  not  contemplate  the  possibility  of  any  of  them 
marrying.  Consequently  when  priests  became  free  to  marry,  as  they  did  at  the 
Reformation,  the  Fellows  of  Winchester  College  conceived  themselves  to  be  at 
liberty  to  marry  and  retain  their  fellowships.  One  of  these  fellowships,  there- 
fore, was  a  provision  for  life ;  and  a  valuable  one,  as  it  carried  with  it  the  right 
to  hold  one  or  two  College  livings,  an  occasional  nomination  to  a  scholarship, 
a  joint  right  of  presenting  to  several  benefices,  and  now  and  then  a  beneficial 
lease  of  some  lay  rectory. 

"  Necessarily  ;  because  a  Fellow  accepting  a  living  could  not  reside  on  it  and  at 
Winchester  eleven  months  in  the  year.  In  Wykeham's  time,  the  Fellows  seem 
to  have  resigned  their  fellowships  on  obtaining  preferment,  as  a  matter  of 
course.  After  his  death  it  was  otherwise.  In  the  year  1406,  Cardinal  Beaufort 
enjoined  the  Warden  (who  appears  to  have  been  beneficed)  and  such  of  the 
Fellows  as  also  held  livings,  to  reside  upon  them  like  other  parish  clergymen. 
This  injunction  created  quite  a  panic  in  the  upstairs  chambers.  Brakkelegh, 
one  of  the  Fellows,  waited  on  the  Cardinal  at  Farnham  with  no  loss  of  time 
'  ad  excusandum  custodem  et  socios  erga  Dum  Epum  de  non  residencia  benefi- 
ciorum  per  buUas  suas,' — that  is  to  say,  to  plead  the  privileges  of  the  Society  as 
an  excuse  for  non-residence.  Brakkelegh's  mission  appears  to  have  been 
successful.  Perhaps  the  six  shillings  and  eight  pence  which  it  appears  by  the 
Computus  that  he  bestowed  on  the  bishop's  registrar  on  his  arrival  at  the 
Castle  went  further  than  his  arguments.  One  would  like  very  much  to  know  what 
Bulls  the  Society  relied  on.  The  only  known  one  at  all  bearing  on  the  point, 
that  of  Boniface  IX,  alluded  to  in  Chapter  i,  dispenses  the  Warden  only  from 
the  obligation  of  residence.  Mr.  Charles  Blackstone,  himself  a  Fellow,  says  on 
this  subject  '  It  is  not  impossible  that  the  Fellows  may  have  strained  a  point, 
and  with  the  help  of  the  registrar,  (who  had  a  sum  of  money  pro  amicitid  sua)  may 
have  been  able  to  persuade  the  bishop  that  they  were  all,  jointly  with  the  Warden, 
included  in  this  Bull.'  Be  this  as  it  may,  the  Fellows  appear  from  a  very  early 
period  to  have  insisted  on  their  right  to  hold  livings  with  their  fellowships. 

'  As  a  great  many  did  during  the  fifteenth  century.  *  See  Rubric  XVI. 

'  These  stipends  were  raised  in  1560  as  follows : — Warden,  ^23  45.  8t/. ; 
Fellows  (each),  j(^6ds. ;  Schoolmaster,  ^ii  los. ;  Usher,  ^^4  3s,  4^. 


The  Statutes.  85 

If  a  Chaplain  could  not  be  got  for  40s.,  as  much  as  £2  13s.  ^d. 
might  be  paid  \  Two  horses  are  to  be  kept  for  the  Warden's 
use,  and  three  servants,  namely  :  a  clerk  (domicellus),  a  groom 
(valettus),  and  a  boy  (garcio).  These  are  to  have  their  meals 
with  the  College  servants,  and  their  respective  wages  are  not 
to  exceed  20s.,  13s.  ^d.,  and  6s.  ^d.  per  annum. 

Rubric  XXVII. — Of  the  yearly  allowance  of  cloth.  Every 
Christmas  the  Warden  is  to  receive  twelve  yards,  the  School- 
master and  Fellows  eight  yards  each,  and  the  Usher  five  yards 
of  broad-cloth  'sufficienter  aquati  siccati  et  tonsi,'  costing  425. 
the  piece  of  twenty-four  yards  ^  The  Warden's  gown  is  to  be 
in  accordance  with  his  academical  degree;  the  gowns  of  the 
others  are  to  be  gowns  reaching  to  the  feet  (robae  talares  ^.) 
Every  Fellow,  as  well  as  the  schoolmaster,  is  to  receive  3s.  4^. 
yearly  to  buy  fur  to  trim  his  gown.  The  scholars  and  lay 
clerks  are  to  receive  a  different  sort  of  cloth  costing  no  more 
than  33s.  4^.  per  piece.  No  colour  is  specified.  But  the 
cloth  is  not  to  be  white,  black,  russet,  or  butcher's  blue 
(glauceus*.)  Every  scholar  and  lay  clerk  is  to  have  enough 
cloth  to  make  a  long  gown  with  a  hood  or  cowl  (toga  talaris 
cum  capucio).  No  scholar  may  wear  a  new  gown  unless  on 
Sundays  or  festivals,  or  in  processions,  without  leave,  or  dress 
unclerically ;  nor  may  the  Warden,  or  any  Fellow,  Chaplain, 
or  Master  sell,  pledge,  or  part  with  a  gown  that  he  has  not 
had  for  three  years.  But  he  may  give  one  of  his  gowns  (not 
being  his  best)  to  a  poor  scholar  or  chorister  out  of  charity. 

*  This  was  in  fact  the  stipend  of  a  chaplain  from  the  first. 

"  By  Stat.  47  Ed.  Ill  cloth  of  ray  (i.e.  striped)  was  to  be  sold  in  pieces  of  twenty- 
eight  yards  and  be  five  quarters  wide.  Cloth  of  colour  (i.e.  self-coloured) 
was  to  be  sold  in  pieces  of  twenty-six  yards  and  be  six  quarters  wide  at  least* 
Possibly  the  customary  length  of  a  piece  of  cloth  at  Winchester,  then  one  of  the 
chief  seats  of  the  woollen  trade,  had  not  been  afi"ected  by  this  piece  of  legislation. 

'  Like  that  of  the  youth  in  the  vision  of  Tibullus — Ima  videbatur  talisilludere  palla. 

*  Either  because  these  colours  were  costlier,  or  were  worn  by  religious 
orders.  The  scholars'  cloth  is  once  or  twice  called  '  coloratus  *  in  the  early 
Rolls,  and  was  most  likely  sub-fusk  or  rusty  black.  It  has  been  black  for 
many  years.     Christopher  Jonson  says  of  the  scholars  of  his  day  : — 

'Non  caput  obtegitur  pileo  crassove  galero 
Cimmeriisque  togis  vestiti  inceditis  omnes.' 
The  notion  *  goraer '  (go  home-er)  for  a  Sunday  hat  is  said  to  arise  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  hats  being  worn  when  the  boys  were  going  home.    But  it  most 
likely  comes  from  '  gomer,'  the  name  in  the  inventories  for  a  pewter  bowl.    Wc 
say  '  a  pot  hat '  for  the  same  reason. 


86  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Rubric  XXVIII. — Of  the  Prayers  and  Invocations  to  be  used 
by  the  Wardens,  Fellows,  Chaplains,  and  Lay  Clerks.  Minute 
directions  are  given  as  to  these  on  rising  from  bed,  during  the 
day,  and  on  retiring  to  rest. 

Rubric  XXIX. — Of  the  Order  of  singing  Matins  and  other 
canonical  hours  in  the  College  Chapel,  and  of  the  Order  of  stand- 
ing in  the  Choir.  Minute  directions  are  given  as  to  conducting 
these  according  to  the  use  of  Sarum.  Matins  to  be  sung  daily 
between  four  and  six  o'clock  a.m.  Any  Fellow  or  Chaplain 
absenting  himself  from  matins  or  vespers  is  to  be  fined  2.d., 
or  from  prime  terce  sext  nones  or  compline,  i</.  The  whole 
society  are  to  attend  matins  and  first  and  second  vespers  on  Sun- 
days and  festivals.  The  Warden,  Vice- Warden,  Fellows,  Chap- 
lains, and  Masters,  Founder's  kin  over  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  the 
older  scholars,  are  to  sit  in  the  stalls ;  the  Warden  wearing  a  sur- 
plice and  gray  amice  (amicia  de  griseo)  and  the  Fellows  and  Chap- 
lains wearing  decent  surplices,  and  amices  cloaked  or  furred.  The 
Masters  and  the  scholars  are  to  wear  surplices  and  amices. 

Rubric  XXX. — Silence  to  be  kept  in  the  Chapel  during  Divine 
Service.     The  Warden  is  to  prevent  breaches  of  this  Statute. 

Rubric  XXXI. —  Warden  to  seek  the  consent  of  the  Fellows  in 
important  matters.  He  is  to  call  them  together  in  the  Chapel  for 
this  purpose,  and  any  act  not  sanctioned  by  the  major  part  of 
them  is  to  be  void. 

Rubric  XXXII. — Manors,  possessions,  and  advowsons  not  to 
be  alienated.  Manors  and  farms  are  not  to  be  let  on  lease 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  or  parsonages  for  more  than  ten 
years  at  a  time,  and  then  only  by  deed  under  the  common 
seal '.  Leases  of  house  property  may  be  longer ;  but  in  no 
case  is  the  term  to  exceed  sixty  years  ^. 

^  At  this  time,  and  during  the  next  half  century,  the  College  farms  as  a 
general  rule  were  let  by  word  of  mouth,  the  tenant  entering  into  a  bond  to  pay 
the  rent  and  commit  no  waste.  A  great  many  of  such  bonds  of  the  time  of 
Wardens  Morys  and  Thurbern  are  extant. 

*  Wykeham  anticipates  here  the  action  of  the  Legislature  more  than  150 
years  after  his  time: — 'And  for  that  long  and  unreasonable  leases  made  by 
Colleges  ....  be  the  chiefest  cause  of  the  dilapidation  and  the  decay  of  all 
spiritual  livings  and  of  the  utter  impoverishing  of  the  incumbents  ....  in  the 
same  be  it  enacted  that  henceforth  all  leases  to  be  made  by  any  Master  and 
Fellows  of  any  College  ....  of  any  lands,  tithes,  tenements  or  hereditaments 
to  any  person  ....  other  than  for  the  term  of  twenty-one  years  or  three  lives 
form  the  time  as  any  such  lease  shall  be  made,  shall  be  void.'  Stat.  13  Eliz. 
c.  II.     See  18  Eliz.  c.  11  and  43  Eliz.  c.  29. 


The  Statutes.  87 

Rubric  XXXIII. — Of  the  common  seal  and  the  chest  and  the 
annual  inventory.  The  Warden  and  Fellows  are  to  have  a 
common  seal  \  and  a  chest  in  which  the  seal  and  the  charters, 
vestments,  and  other  valuables,  are  to  be  put.  The  chest  is  to 
have  three  different  locks,  and  the  Warden,  Vice-warden,  and 
one  of  the  Fellows,  are  to  keep  the  keys.  Nothing  is  to  be 
sealed,  except  in  the  presence  of  the  Warden  and  all  the  Fel- 
lows ^  The  Warden  is  to  make  an  inventory  once  a  year,  and 
lay  it  before  the  supervisors.  It  must  show  the  increase  or 
decrease  of  stock  during  the  year  to  which  it  relates.  Any 
surplus  of  the  year's  rents  and  profits  is  to  be  laid  up  in  the 
chest  for  the  benefit  of  the  College '. 

Rubric  XXXIV. — Touching  the  distribution  of  chambers. 
Three  of  the  upstairs  chambers,  and  the  studies  in  them,  are 
assigned  to  nine  of  the  Fellows,  and  the  six  ground-floor  cham- 
bers to  the  scholars.  Every  boy  over  fourteen  years  of  age  is 
to  have  a  separate  bed  ;  those  under  that  age  may  lie  two  in  a 
bed.  Each  of  the  six  chambers  is  to  have  in  it  three  of  the 
elder  and  discreeter  scholars,  who  are  to  superintend  the 
tasks,  look  after  the  behaviour  of  the  juniors,  and  make 
reports  to  the  schoolmaster*.      Wykeham  has  no   name  for 

The  College  property  was  always  let  in  obedience  to  this  rubric,  farms  for 
twenty  years,  and  houses  for  thirty  or  forty  years,  the  leases,  which  were 
always  at  the  old  accustomed  rent,  being  renewed  every  seven,  ten  or  fourteen 
years,  as  the  case  might  be,  in  consideration  of  a  fine  or  premium,  which  was 
divided  amongst  the  Warden  and  Fellows. 

*  The  ancient  seal  of  the  College  is  a  pointed  oval,  measuring  2-8  by  i-8 
inches.  In  the  centre  is  a  double  canopy,  having  a  shield  with  Wykeham's 
arms  on  either  side,  and  seated  figures  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul  under  the 
canopies.  Above,  under  another  double  canopy,  the  Salutation;  the  Virgin 
Mary  standing,  and  a  label  with  the  words  Ave  Maria  issuing  from  the  angel's 
mouth.  In  base  is  the  Founder,  a  half-length  figure  full  faced,  in  pontificalibus, 
praying  beneath  an  arch  ;  and  in  a  niche  on  each  side  is  the  figure  of  a  saint. 
Across  the  seal,  between  the  two  compartments  of  the  device,  is  '  willelm  eps 
FUDATOR.     Legend  : — sig.  coe  collegii  vocati  sf  e  marie  college  of  winches- 

TRE  PPE  WINTO. 

*  The  quarterly  festivals  now  obsolete,  known  as  *  sealing  days,'  owed  their 
name  to  this  injunction. 

'  If  Wykeham  had  intended  any  surplus  to  be  divided  amongst  the  Warden 
and  Fellows  he  would  surely  have  said  so  here. 

*  '  Praefecti  octodecim  seniores  rite  vocantur,' 
says  Jonson.    Again  : — 

*  Sex  camerae  pueris  signantur  et  una  choristis : 
Ut  magis  hie  mores  serventur,  et  ordo  decorus 
Praefecti  camera  tres  preponuntur  in  una. 


88 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


these  eighteen  senior  boys.  They  are  called  prefects  now,  as 
they  were  in  Jonson's  time,  but  were  sometimes  called  prae- 
positors,  as  at  Eton.  '  One  of  the  praepositors  of  this  College,' 
is  inscribed  on  Robinson's  tablet  in  cloisters,  date  October  29, 
1687.  No  occupant  of  an  upstairs  chamber  is  to  wash  his 
face,  hands,  or  feet  in  it,  or  spill  wine,  beer,  or  water  on  the 
floor,  to  the  inconvenience  of  the  scholars  underneath. 

Rubric  XXXV. — Of  the  maintenance  of  the  fabric.  The 
Warden  and  Fellows  are  to  keep  the  chapel,  hall,  and  other 
buildings,  in  repair  ;  and  if  (which  God  avert)  the  income  shall 
sink  so  low — through  bad  harvests,  murrain,  or  negligence — as 
to  yield  only  a  bare  subsistence  for  the  Society,  the  sum  of 
twopence  weekly  is  to  be  deducted  from  every  Fellow's  com- 
mons towards  a  fund  for  repairs.  Work  on  the  buildings  is 
not  to  begin  before  March  i,  or  continue  after  the  Festival  of 
St.  Simon  and  St.  Jude  (Oct.  28). 

Rubric  XXXVI. — Of  servants'  accounts.  All  persons  employed 
by  the  College  are  to  render  an  account  in  the  treasury  ^  Once 
a  year,  at  the  end  of  October,  the  Warden,  accompanied  by 
a  Fellow  of  discretion,  is  to  go  on  progress  in  order  to  see  the 
state  of  the  farms  and  take  an  account  of  the  live  and  dead 
stock  belonging  to  the  Society  ^  As  soon  as  this  progress  is 
over  the  audit  is  to  be  held. 


*  '  In  altera  camera  ad  finem  aulae ' ;  the  room  over  the  hatches,  now  called 
the  audit-room. 

'  Some  of  the  farms  at  this  period  were  let  on  what  are  known  as  land  and 
stock  leases,  in  which  the  live  stock  as  well  as  the  land  is  found  by  the  landlord. 
I  subjoin  inventories  of  live  stock  at  Ropley,  at  Michaelmas,  1398,  and  at 
Harmondsworth,  at  Michaelmas  1398  and  1399.  Ploughs  and  other  dead  stock 
were  probably  found  by  the  tenant,  as  they  do  not  appear  in  the  inventories. 


Manor  of  Ropley,  1398. 


Wheat 
Barley 
Pulse 
Oats 
Horses 
Oxen  . 
Bulls  . 
Cows  . 


43qrs.  4  bus. 
1 18  qrs. 

15  qrs. 

84  qrs. 


6 

23 

3 

22 


Steers 

Yearlings    . 

Calves 

Tegs  (Muttones) 

Ewes 

Lambs 

Sows  . 


8 

5 
8 

412 

275 
181 

I 


Store  pigs 14 


The  Statutes. 


89 


Rubric  XXXVII. — How  the  auditors  are  to  announce  the 
result.     Sundry  formalities  are  here  prescribed. 

Rubric  XXXVIII. — Bursars  to  hand  over  their  keys.  On 
passing  their  accounts,  the  Bursars  are  to  hand  over  the 
keys  to  the  Warden,  and  their  successors  are  to  be  elected 
then  and  there. 

Rubric  XXXIX. — Computus  Rolls  to  remain  in  custody  of  Vice- 
warden,  Rolls  of  each  year's  accounts  are  to  be  copied  in 
duplicate ;  one  copy  to  remain  in  custody  of  the  Vice-warden, 
the  other  to  be  put  away  with  the  bailiffs'  and  collectors'  ac- 
counts for  the  year.  Any  scholar  who  writes  well  may  be 
employed  in  writing  the  rolls  and  entering  evidences  of  title. 

Rubric  XL. — Scrutinies  to  be  held  thrice  a  year.  Scrutinies, 
or  chapters,  are  to  be  held  on  Christmas  Day,  Easter  Day,  and 
July  7,  at  each  of  which  inquiry  is  to  be  made  into  the  charac- 
ters and  behaviour  of  the  scholars,  and  the  Statutes  are  to  be 
read  aloud. 

Rubric  XLI. — Books  not  to  be  parted  with.  Service  and 
other  books  are  to  be  produced  at  every  scrutiny.     No  book 


Harmondsworth,  1398. 


Wheat 

192  qrs. 

BuUs   . 

a 

Barley 

208  qrs. 

Cows  . 

a6 

Oats 

17  qrs. 

Calves 

a 

Tithe.— Wheat 

112  qrs. 

Yearlings  (annales) 

I 

Barley     . 

100  qrs. 

Sheep 

188 

Oats 

3  qrs. 

Lambs 

a 

Pulse 

18  qrs. 

Rams . 

3 

Horses 

•      5 

Boars . 

a 

Plough  horses  (affri; 

.     14 

Store  pigs  . 

la 

Oxen    . 

•     13 

Porkers  (porcelli) 

45 

Harmondsworth,  1399. 

Wheat     .         .         .     140  qrs. 

Oxen la 

Barley     . 

180  qrs. 

Bulls  . 

I 

Pulse 

40  qrs. 

Cows  . 

37 

Oats 

9  qrs. 

Heifers  (bovettae) 

la 

Tithe.— Wheat 

56  qrs. 

Calves  (boviculae) 

I 

Barley 

44  qrs. 

Boars . 

a 

Pulse 

10  qrs. 

Sows  . 

3 

Oats 

3  qrs. 

Store  Pigs  . 

8 

Horses 

•       5 

Porkers 

41 

Plough  Horses 

•       3 

9©  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

is  to  be  sold,  given  away,  or  removed.      If  borrowed  in  order 
to  be  copied,  it  must  be  returned  the  same  day. 

Rubric  XLII. — Of  the  custody  of  the  Statutes.  The  sealed 
copy  of  the  Statutes  of  both  Colleges  is  to  be  kept  in  the 
treasury,  and  another  copy  in  the  vestibule  for  the  use  of  the 
Fellows  and  scholars  ^.  For  the  avoiding  of  controversies,  no 
transcript  is  to  be  made  of  any  Statute  unless  for  defensive 
purposes  or  other  good  reasons,  with  the  consent  of  a  majority 
of  the  Fellows. 

Rubric  XLII  I. — No  dancing,  wrestling,  or  sports,  in  chapel 
or  hall.  Forasmuch  as  uproarious  sports  in  Chapel,  Hall,  or  clois- 
ters, may  do  damage  to  the  walls,  stalls,  paintings,  or  windows, 
the  slinging  of  stones  and  throwing  of  balls  ('lapidum 
et  pilarum  jactus ')  are  forbidden  everywhere,  and  all  wrestling, 
dancing,  chorus-singing,  cheering,  disorder,  upsetting  of  beer  and 
other  liquids,  and  riotous  games,  are  forbidden  in  Hall,  if  only  for 
the  reason  that  it  is  over  the  room  in  which  the  scholars  pursue 
their  studies.  This  rubric  covers  part  of  the  same  ground  as 
Rubric  XVII,  and  may  have  been  added  at  the  final  revision,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of  some  scene  of  disorder  that 
had  recently  occurred,  possibly  at  a  festival  of  the  boy-bishop. 

It  appears  by  a  note  in  Winchester  Cathedral  Records,  Vol.  i  ^, 
that  the  custom  of  electing  a  boy-bishop  existed  in  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  Winchester,  and  was  not  peculiar  to  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  Salisbury,  where  a  diminutive  effigy  in  stone  is 
reputed  to  be  that  of  a  choir  boy  who  departed  this  life  during 
his  brief  term  of  episcopacy.  The  usage  of  electing  a  boy- 
bishop  is  believed  to  have  prevailed  in  most  monastic  houses 
where  choristers  were  kept.  One  of  these  lads  was  elected  boy- 
bishop  on  St.  Nicholas'  Day  (December  6),  or  later  ^  and  held 
office  until  the  night  of  Innocents'  Day  (December  28),  when 
his  reign  ended.  The  curious  on  this  subject  are  referred  to 
Hone's  Every  Day  Book,  p.  1558,  for  further  information.  The 
boy-bishop  in  Winchester  College  seems  to  have  been  chosen 
from  among  the  junior  scholars,  on  the  eve,  probably,  of  Inno- 

*  Ante,  p.  68. 

"  Published  by  Winchester  Record  Society, 

'  The  Eton  College  Statutes,  according  to  Maxwell  Lyte,  enjoin  that  the  boy- 
bishop  shall  be  chosen  on  St.  Nicholas'  Day,  and  not  on  the  festival  of  the 
Holy  Innocents. 


The  Statutes.  91 

cents'  Day.  So  that  his  episcopacy  lasted  only  twenty-four 
hours  ;  but  his  state  was  great  while  it  lasted.  He  wore  a  mitre 
made  of  a  piece  of  cloth  of  gold,  given  by  Wykeham  himself, 
mounted  on  a  shape  of  silver-gilt,  given  by  one  of  the  Fellows ; 
and  the  crosier,  of  copper-gilt,  given  by  Robert  Heete,  was 
borne  before  him '.  The  first  allusion  to  him  occurs  in  the 
year  1406 — a  present  of  "zod.  to  a  party  of  mummers  from 
Ropley  who  danced  in  Hall  before  him.  There  is  a  similar 
allusion  in  the  following  year — a  payment  of  2s.  ^d.  to 
three  minstrels  out  of  the  City  of  Winchester  for  a  per- 
formance in  Hall,  over  and  above  8^.  which  the  boy-bishop 
gave  to  them  ^  Whence  did  the  boy-bishop  get  such  a 
sum  of  money  ?  It  is  likely  that  a  collection  was  made  for  him. 
In  his  Statutes  for  St.  Paul's  School,  circa  1512,  Colet  ordains 
that  his  foundationers  shall  every  Childermas  come  to  Paul's 
Church  and  hear  the  child-bishop's  sermon,  and  afterwards 
attend  mass,  and  each  of  them  offer  a  penny  to  the  child-bishop. 
Colet  had  studied  the  usages  at  Winchester ;  and  it  is  possible 
that  something  like  what  he  ordains  at  St.  Paul's  School  was  in 
vogue  at  Winchester — that  the  boy-bishop  preached  a  sermon 
before  the  school,  celebrated  mass ',  received  the  offerings  of  the 
company,  and  then  adjourned  the  proceedings  to  hall,  where 
the  rest  of  the  day  was  spent  in  festivity.  I  do  not  know 
whether  the  custom  of  levying  '  salt '  for  the  captain  of  collegers 
at  the  Eton  Montem  can  be  traced  back  to  a  similar  source. 
The  following  entry  in  the  Computus  of  1412 — *  In  dat.  Ricardo 
Kent,  bochier,  tempore  regni  sui  vocat.  Somerkyng  xii^i.' — has 
been  thought  to  refer  to  a  supposed  custom  of  the  butchers  of 
Winchester  to  choose  a  mock  monarch  to  preside  over  their 
summer  revels. 

Rubric  XLIV. — No  acceptation  of  persons.  There  shall  be 
no  undue  preference  of  any  person  within  the  College  :  all  shall 
be  treated  alike,  having  regard  to  their  respective  stations. 

*  '  Baculus  pastoralis  de  cupro  deaurato  pro  EpO  puerorum  in  die  Innocen- 
cium  ....  mitra  de  panno  aureo  ex  dono  Dm  Fundatoris  hernesiat.  (mounted) 
cum  argento  deaurato  ex  dono  unius  socii  Coll.  pro  EpO  puerorum.' 

*  '  Dat.  certis  hominibus  de  Roppele  die  Sanct.  Innocent,  tripudiantibus  in. 
aula  coram  EpO  Scolarium  xx<*.  .  .  .  Dat.  iij  ministrall.  civitat.  Wynton.  venient 
ad  Coll.  die  Sanct.  Innocent,  ultra  vW)^  dat.  per  Epum  puerorum,  ij'  viij"*.' 

*  A  clause  in  Rubric  XXIX  permits  the  scholars  to  say  or  sing  vespers, 
matins,  &c.  in  chapel  on  Innocents'  Day. 


92  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Rubric  XLV. — Hour  of  closing  the  gates.  Male  servants. 
Females  not  admitted.  The  gates  are  to  be  shut  at  sunset,  and 
the  keys  left  with  the  Warden  till  daybreak.  No  female  servant 
is  to  be  employed  except  a  laundress,  and  that  only  if  a  man 
cannot  be  got  to  wash  the  vestments  and  table-linen. 

Rubric  XLVI. — The  conclusion.  In  conclusion,  Wykeham 
confesses  that  when  he  looks  around  him  and  sees  the  Statutes 
of  pious  founders  everywhere  disregarded,  the  thought  occurs 
that  it  were  better  to  distribute  his  goods  among  the  poor  than 
to  devote  them  to  founding  a  college.  In  his  mind's  eye,  how- 
ever, he  keeps  in  view  his  design  to  endow  a  college,  in  the 
conviction  that  learned  men  will  be  found  in  times  to  come, 
who,  having  the  fear  of  God  before  their  eyes,  will  observe  the 
Statutes  which  are  framed  for  the  government  of  the  College. 
This  being  his  conviction,  he  invokes  anathema  upon  any  who 
shall  wrest  the  interpretation  of  any  of  his  Statutes.  Any  Fellow 
or  scholar  who,  instigated  by  the  old  serpent,  shall  attempt  to  do 
this  shall  incur  the  penalty  of  expulsion.  Reserving  to  himself 
the  power  of  altering  the  Statutes  as  long  as  he  lives,  Wykeham 
declares  that  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  successor  of  his  in 
the  See  of  Winchester,  or  for  the  Warden  and  Fellows,  to 
repeal,  alter,  or  make  anew  any  Statutes,  or  to  construe  any 
Statute  otherwise  than  in  the  plain,  natural,  and  grammatical 
sense,  or  to  make  other  Statutes  repugnant  to  them.  If  for  any 
cause  whatever  the  income  of  the  College  shall  be  so  reduced  as 
not  to  admit  of  the  Warden,  Fellows,  Chaplains,  and  Lay- 
clerks  receiving  their  full  allowance  for  commons,  that  allow- 
ance shall  be  limited,  and  if  need  be,  the  livery  of  cloth  shall  be 
stopped.  After  that,  if  need  be,  the  number  of  Fellows  and 
scholars  may  be  reduced. 


CHAPTER  VI. 
The  Founder's  Kin. 

Their  privileges. — Clothing  and  private  tuition. — Few  at  first. — Their  names. 
— Revival  of  the  order. — Families  of  Bolney  and  Fiennes. — TheWykhams 
of  Swalcliffe. — Their  claim  disallowed. — How  the  Bathursts  got  in. — Limi- 
tation of  number  of  Founder's  kin. — The  privilege  now  abolished. — Names 
of  some. 

The  privileges  of  Founder's  kin  are  declared  by  Rubric  II  of 
the  Statutes.  Founder's  kin  may  be  admitted  at  any  age  ;  they 
need  not  leave  till  twenty-five,  and  they  are  not  disqualified  by 
the  possession  of  property  unless  it  exceeds  twenty  marks 
(£13  6s.  8d.)  in  yearly  value.  If  a  consanguineus  has  less  than 
loos.  a  year,  the  College  is  obliged  to  supply  him  with  clothes, 
shoes,  and  other  necessaries  ^,  and  if  he  is  backward,  he  is  to  be 
put  in  charge  of  a  chaplain,  a  lay-clerk,  or  one  of  the  elder 
scholars,  who  is  to  be  paid  6s.  B>d.  a  year  for  private  instruction. 
Few  were  admitted  in  Wykeham's  lifetime.  If  we  had  a  list  of 
the  scholars  of  Winchester  College  prior  to  the  opening  day, 
we  should  doubtless  find  in  it  the  names  of  the  following 
Jcinsmen  of  Wykeham,  who  appear  by  the  Register  of  New 
College  to  have  been  admitted  as  undergraduate-fellows  there, 
namely : — 

John  Wykeham  "^^  adm.  1387,  left  1389. 
William  Wykeham,  adm.  1387,  left  same  year. 
John  Dele,  adm.  1389. 
Thomas  Wykeham  (Sir  Thomas  Wykeham,  Knt.)  adm.  1390,  left  1394. 

^  This  obligation  was  compounded  for  after  the  year  1644,  by  a  payment  of 
^5  quarterly  to  the  schoolmaster  for  the  use  of  the  consanguine!  who  were 
under  him  for  the  time  being. 

*  He  was  rector  of  Bishop's  Waltham,  a  living  in  Wykeham's  gift,  and  ex- 
changed it  for  Weston  Turvillc,  with  John  Marshall,  in  1409;  Reg.  Bcauf.  50. 


94  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Another  John  Wykeham,  alias  Fyvyan,  who  was  admitted  in 
1386  as  a  probationer,  and  was  afterwards  D.D.  and  Rector  of 
Crondall,  must  have  been  a  kinsman  of  Wykeham,  inasmuch  as 
he  had  a  legacy  of  £50  under  Wykeham's  will.  The  fact  of  his 
not  being  entered  as  Founder's  kin  seems  to  show  that  Wyke- 
ham regarded  the  privilege  as  one  to  be  granted  in  moderation; 
and  it  is  certain  that  the  endowment  did  not  in  his  time  yield 
enough  income  for  the  maintenance  of  many  of  the  class. 
William  and  Thomas  Wykeham  were  sons  of  Alice  Perot,  the 
Founder's  niece.  William,  the  eldest,  married  Alice  Uvedale 
in  1396  and  died  early  without  issue  ^.  Three  more  kinsmen  of 
the  Founder,  namely,  John  Wykeham,  the  third  son  of  Alice 
Perot,  and  Thomas  and  Reginald  Warenner,  two  sons  of  Sir 
Thomas  Warenner,  Knt.,  who  was  High  Sheriff  of  Hampshire 
in  1394,  by  Joan,  a  granddaughter  of  Agnes,  the  Founder's 
aunt,  were  admitted  on  the  opening  day  in  1393 ;  Philip  Bryan  "^ 
was  admitted  in  1396 ;  William  Aas,  perhaps  a  grandson  of 
Henry  Aas,  the  Founder's  uncle,  was  admitted  in  1398  ;  Richard 

'  By  a  fine  levied  as  of  the  Octave  of  Trinity  Term,  1400,  before  William 
Thurnyng,  William  Rikhill  and  John  Markham,  Justices  of  the  King's  Bench, 
William  of  Wykeham  assured  the  Manor  of  Otterborne,  near  Winchester,  after  the 
death  of  Hugh  Craan,  and  Isabel  his  wife,  to  this  William  Wykeham,  and  Alice 
his  wife,  in  tail  male ;  remainder  to  Thomas  Wykeham,  the  second  son,  in  tail 
male ;  remainder  to  John  Wykeham,  the  third  son,  who  had  been  admitted  as 
an  undergraduate  fellow  of  New  College,  in  1395,  in  tail  male ;  remainder  to 
the  said  William  Wykeham,  in  tail  general ;  remainder  to  the  said  Thomas  Wyke- 
ham, in  tail  general ;  remainder  to  the  said  John  Wykeham,  in  tail  general ; 
remainder  to  Thomas  Warenner  and  Joan  his  wife,  in  tail  male ;  remainder  to 
William  Ryngeborne  and  Edith  his  wife,  in  tail  male ;  remainder  to  Agnes,  the 
widow  of  Guy  Aynho,  in  tail  male  ;  remainder  to  William  Maviell  and  Isabel 
his  wife,  in  tail  male  ;  remainder  to  John  Beneyt,  of  Botley,  in  tail  male ;  re- 
mainder to  the  said  Joan  Warenner,  in  tail  general;  remainder  to  the  said 
Edith  Ryngeborne,  in  tail  general ;  remainder  to  the  said  Agnes  Aynho,  in  tail 
general ;  remainder  to  the  said  Isabel  Maviell,  in  tail  general ;  remainder  to 
the  said  John  Beneyt,  in  tail  general ;  remainder  to  the  right  heirs  of  the  settlor. 

A  settlement  by  Wykeham  of  the  Manors  of  Burnham  and  Bream  in  Somerset- 
shire, dated  July  i,  22  Ric.  II,  contains  the  same  limitations.  According  to 
CoUinson,  {History  0/  Somersetshire,  vol.  i,  p.  177)  one  third  of  these  manors 
belonged  to  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Sir  Richard  Montacute,  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
in  a  Hen.  V.  She  must  have  been  one  of  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham's  daughters. 
A  similar  settlement,  dated  Jul3-  8,  16  Ric.  II,  of  property  in  Oxfordshire  is 
mentioned  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Second  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  on 
Historical  MSS.,  p.  93. 

'  Of  uncertain  relationship.  His  mother,  Christina  Bryan,  was  a  widow  in  1406, 
and  received  a  gratuity  of  4^.  from  the  Bursars,  '  intuitu  charitatis '  in  that  year. 


The  Founder's  Kin.  95 

Wykeham  was  admitted  in  1401,  and  William  Benet  of  Botley, 
a  relation,  it  is  said,  of  Wykeham's  mother,  was  admitted  in 
1404. 

Those  early  consanguinei  were  expensive.  A  sum  of 
495.  \\d.  was  charged  for  clothing,  &c.,  for  John  Wykeham  in 
1393.  The  Computus  Roll  for  1394  is  missing,  but  we  may 
assume  that  the  same  sum  was  allowed  in  that  year,  as  we  find 
it  allowed  again  in  1395.  I  suppose  that  as  no  particulars  are 
given,  it  was  paid  to  John  Wykeham's  friends,  and  they  applied 
it  for  his  benefit.  In  the  Roll  of  1395  the  following  entries 
relate  to  the  two  Warenners  : — 

*  Straw  for  their  beds,  2d. ;  oblations  for  them  on  Innocents'  and 
St.  Nicholas'  Days,  Afd. ;  sixteen  pairs  of  the  peaked  shoes  (soculares), 
then  in  fashion  (which  the  Scholars  were  not  allowed  to  wear),  6s.  &/. ; 
eight  pairs  of  walking  shoes  (caligae),  75.  dd. ;  five  and  three-quarter 
yards  of  russet  cloth  for  summer  wear,  85.  •^d. ;  cost  of  making  four 
gowns,  four  hoods,  two  pairs  of  "  puynettes,"  and  two  subtunicles, 
23^. ;  two  sets  of  fur  for  winter  wear,  45. ;  eleven  ells  of  linen  for 
shirts  and  drawers,  including  the  cost  of  making,  7s.  wd. ;  four  and 
a  half  yards  of  blanket  for  their  beds,  4s.  dd. ;  five  ells  of  "  canvas  " 
(unbleached  linen  for  sheets),  including  the  cost  of  making,  7s.  \\d. ; 
a  quilt  and  a  tester,  8s. ;  paper  and  ink  (incaustum),  \^d. :  money  for 
offertories  at  Christmas  and  Easter,  and  for  a  lamp  on  St.  John's 
Eve,  3</.'  It  is  evident  that  these  boys  were  turned  out  as  became 
gentlemen's  sons.  Philip  Bryan  had  in  the  same  year,  '  Four  yards 
of  green  cloth,  for  a  gown  and  hood  on  St.  John  Baptists'  Day,  4s, ; 
making  it,  8</. ;  four  ells  of  linen  for  a  surplice,  3s. ;  making  it,  12^. ; 
a  ready  made  shirt,  ']d. ;  a  pair  of  walking  shoes,  5^. ;  a  pair  of  shoes 
with  peaks,  \'zd. ;  a  knife,  4^/.'  ^  Candles  and  rushes  for  the  chamber 
of  the  three  boys  were  charged  2d. 

Similar  entries  occur  in  1397  and  1398,  and  Richard  Brakke- 
legh  whom  we  have  heard  of  before  (ante  p.  84)  had  6s.^d.  as 
tutor  to  all  three.  In  1400  73s.  6d.  was  allowed  for  clothing 
Bryan,  the  Warenners,  and  Aas,  and  one  of  the  chaplains 
earned  6s.  8^.  as  their  tutor.  In  1402  five  yards  of  frieze  (panni 
de  friez)  for  Bryan  and  Aas,  the  Warenners  having  left  "^j  cost 
28s.  9^. 

*  A  knife  or  a  pair  of  knives  seems  to  have  been  a  favourite  present  at  that 
period  :  e.g.  '  In  ij  paribus  cultellorum  harnessiatorum  (hafted)  cum  argento 
deaurat.  unde  j  dabatur  custodi  Oxon.  tempore  visitacionis  sue  et  alt.  pro  Joh. 
Tanfeld  registrario  Dni  Epi.  v* '  is  an  entry  in  a  Computus,  temp.  Hen.  V. 

*  Reginald  Warenner  entered  New  College  in  1402, 


g6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

The  allowance  for  clothing,  &c.,  was  by  no  means  so  liberal 
after  Wykeham's  death.  The  two  Bolneys,  Bartholomew  and 
his  brother  John,  a  commoner,  had  i6s.  lo^.  spent  upon  them  in 
1425,  and  Manyle  and  Spore  were  allowed  95.  "zd.  in  1427 — a 
contrast  to  the  sums  formerly  allowed  ^  Either  Founder's  kin 
were  not  numerous  in  the  early  days  of  the  College,  or  their 
privileges  were  not  appreciated.  There  were  none  in  1409  '^,  or 
for  two  years  afterwards,  and  only  twenty-six  were  admitted 
during  the  seventy-two  years  ensuing  Wykeham's  death '. 

Between  the  last  of  these  and  the  next,  John  Bolney,  there  is 
a  gap  of  seventy-two  years.  Whether  anybody  presented  him- 
self during  this  long  period  and  was  rejected  we  have  no  means 
of  knowing.  Probably  the  electors  were  unwilling  to  refuse  a 
Bolney  when  he  presented  himself  in  1548,  or  they  might  have 

^  The  sum  of  135.  ^d.,  however,  was  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  a  flock  bed 
and  bolster  for  Bartholomew  Bolney  (adm.  1562)  and  6s.  Zd.  was  paid  to  a 
scholar  named  Myllor  (adm.  1559)  for  teaching  him.  A  further  sum  ol£,^  i  is.  i  \d. 
was  allowed  for  his  outfit  to  New  College  in  1565. 

^  The  entry  under  custus  consanguineorum  is  '  Nihil  hoc  anno,  quia  nuUi 
sunt  hie' 

'  That  is  to  say  :  — 

Sandes,  John,  1412.  A  son  of  Sir  Walter  Sandes,  Knt.,  and  first  cousin  to 
the  Warenners. 

Bale,  Richard,  1412. 

Aas,  John,  1413.  Fell.  N.  C,  1422-31.  Vicar  of  Heckfield,  1431-42,  then  of 
Chigwell,  Essex.  In  1432  he  got  into  hot  water  with  some  of  his  parishioners, 
and  bringing  the  story  of  his  grievances  before  the  society  received  the  sum  of 
6s.  8rf.  as  a  solatium.  '  In  solut.  Joh.  Aas,  consang.  Dm  Fundatoris,  Vicario  de 
Hekfeld  aggravate  per  quosdam  de  parochianis  suis  ex  curialitate  vj'  vijj<*.' 

Bolney,  Bartholomew,  1415,  Son  of  John  Bolney  by  Joan,  a  great  grand- 
daughter of  Alice,  the  Founder's  aunt.     Fell.  N.  C,  1421. 

Spore,Thomas,  1424.  Fell.  N.C.  1432.  Bolney,  John,  1461. 

Manyle,  John,  1427.  Gilbert,  Thomas,  1462.     Fell.  N.  C, 

Wykeham,  Percival,  1437,  of  Swal-  1468. 

cliffe.  Wulstroppe,  John,  1464.    Said  to  be 

Haynow,  Thomas,  1439.  a  descendant  of  Henry  Aas. 

Berwe  or  Borow,  John,  1440.     Fell.  Fiennes,  Richard,  1465. 

N.  C,  1448.  Bolney,  Robert,  1466. 

Haynow,  Richard,  1449.  Haynow,  John,  1467. 

Ryngeborne,  William,  1449.  Wode,  Richard,  1467. 

Arney,  John,  1450.  Persevale,  Thomas,  1471.    Fell.N.C. 

Ryngeborne,  William,  1454.  1478. 

Middleton,  Leonard,  1461.  Reson,  William,  1471. 

Reson,  Walter,  1461.     Fell.  N.  C,  Reson,  Robert,  1476. 

1469.  Gerard,  John,  1476. 


The  Founder's  Kin.  97 

done  so  on  the  principle  of  the  canon  law,  which  is  followed  in 
our  Statutes  of  Distribution — that  kinship  after  four  descents 
ceases  to  be  kinship.  At  any  rate,  they  admitted  him,  and  con- 
sequently, could  not  say  nay  to  the  claim  of  Richard  Fiennes  in 
1569.  This  boy  certainly  had  as  strong  a  claim  as  possible.  A 
namesake  of  his  had  enjoyed  the  privileges  of  the  Order  one 
hundred  and  four  years  previously.  Another  had  been  a  Fellow 
commoner  in  1467.  Richard  Fiennes  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir 
Richard  Fiennes,  Knt.,  of  Broughton,  Oxon,  by  Ursula,  daughter 
of  Richard  Fermor,  of  Easton  Neston,  and  heir  expectant  of  the 
ancient  barony  of  Say.  In  a  marginal  note  to  his  name  in  the 
Register  of  Scholars  he  is  said  to  be  a  great -great-grandson  of 
Margaret,  wife  of  Lord  Say  and  daughter  of  William  Wykeham 
of  Broughton,  the  said  William  Wykeham  being  son  and  heir 
of  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham,  Knt.,  who  was  the  son  of  William 
Perot  by  Alice,  daughter  of  William  Champneys,  whose  wife  was 
Agnes,  the  sister  of  the  Founder.  And  this  note  is  conceived 
to  be  accurate.  However,  in  1586,  when  the  Society  was 
writhing  under  the  claims  of  so  many  Founder's  kin  \  whom 
they  were  compelled  to  prefer  to  their  own  kin.  Bishop  Cooper, 
the  Visitor  (who  was  no  friend  of  the  class,  and  three  years 
later  limited  the  number  to  eighteen  at  a  time,  in  both  Colleges), 
pronounced  the  marginal  note  'utterly  void  and  of  no  effect,' on 
the  ground  that  it  differed  in  material  points  from  the  original 
indenture.  The  fact  is,  that  the  entry  in  the  original  in- 
denture, *  Ric.  Fenys  de  Broghton  cons.  Dm  Fundatoris,'  was 
right  as  far  as  it  went.  Richard  Fiennes  in  1569  contented 
himself  with  tracing  his  pedigree  back  to  the  father  of  the 
Richard  Fiennes  of  1465,  instead  of  all  the  way  to  Wykeham's 
sister,  and  this  circumstance  was  laid  hold  of  by  the  Bishop 
in  order  to  throw  a  doubt  on  the  accuracy  of  the  marginal 
note. 

The  success  of  Sir  Richard  Fiennes  led  to  a  similar  claim  by 
his  neighbour  in  the  country,  Humphrey  Wykham  of  Swalcliffe  ,'^ 
who  filed  a  bill  against  the  two  Wardens  in  1572  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  it '.     Lord  Burghley  referred  the  cause  for  in- 

^  *  We  swarm  with  them,'  sajrs  Warden  Bigg,  in  173a. 
*  He  had  taken  admission  as  an  ordinary  scholar  in  1544. 
'  See  Thomas  White  to  Lord  Burghley,  Domestic  State  Papers,  vol.  Ixxxix, 
Sept.  I,  1572,  and  Sir  R.  Fiennes  to  the  same,  ib,  vol.  xc,  Nov.  25,  1572. 

H 


g8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

quiry  to  two  civilians,  Doctors  Lewis  and  Awbrey,  and  Glover, 
Somerset  Herald.     Lord  Burghley  writes  to  the  latter  : — 

'Whereas  I  have  directed  my  letter  unto  Mr.  Doctor  Lewis 
and  others  to  pray  y™  to  hear  and  consider  a  certain  controversy 
between  S'^  Richard  Fiennes  and  one  Humphrey  Wickham, 
wherein  there  is  like  to  fall  out  some  matter  p'taining  to  Armoury 
and  so  properly  belonging  to  ye  Faculty,  I  have  thought  good  to 
pray  and  require  you  as  one  y*  that  hath  a  good  report  to  be  skilful 
in  ye  same,  according  to  y'  profession,  to  attend  upon  ye  said 
Dr.  Lewis  and  ye  residue  at  such  time  and  place  as  they  shall  name 
unto  you,  to  ye  end  you  may  be  there  to  resolve  y™  in  such  doubts 
and  questions  as  they  shall  have  in  the  hearing  of  ye  said  contro- 
versie  p'taining  to  y'  profession  and  skill,  wherein  I  doubt  not  but 
ye  will  shew  yrself  ready,  both  for  ye  increase  of  y""  own  knowledge 
and  for  my  sake ;  and  so  fare  you  well.  From  my  house  ye  6th  of 
Decemb.  1572. 

'  Yr.  loving  friend, 

'  W.  Burghley.' 

Somerset  answers  learnedly,  after  this  manner  ^ : — 

*  It  may  please  y'  Lordship  to  understand  y*  according  unto  y'" 
Lordship's  appointment  I  have  given  mine  attendance  on  Mr.  Dr. 
Lewis  and  Mr.  Dr.  Awbrey  at  ye  sundry  times  of  hearing  ye  contro- 
versie  between  S^  Richard  Fiennes,  Knight,  and  Humfrey  Wickham 
of  Swacliffe,  Esq.,  for  ye  cause  of  consanguinity  and  kindred  to 
William  Wyckham  sometime  Bp.  of  Winchester,  and  have  scene  ye 
Evidences  and  Pedegrees  and  all  other  their  allegations  and  Exhibits 
on  either  side  :  of  ye  sum  whereof  ye  same  learned  men  no  doubt 
do  make  pithy  and  learned  relations  unto  y'  Lordship.  Yet  because 
every  small  appointment  from  y""  Lordship  is  with  me  of  no  less 
force  than  ye  greatest  comandment  of  others,  I  was  not  pleased 
with  myself,  nor  would  think  I  had  fully  done  my  duty,  until  I  had 
hkewise  made  relation  unto  y'  Lordship  of  so  much  of  mine  obser- 
vacon  in  ye  hearing  of  ye  controversie  as  did  concern  my  p'fession 
and  faculty.  And  first,  whereas  Humfrey  Wickham  ye  plaintiff 
for  ye  proof  of  his  consanguinity  to  the  Bp.  of  Winchester  was  to 
derive  himself  ab  uno  stipite  with  ye  said  Bp.,  that  was  he  not  able 
to  do  upon  shew  of  his  Pedegree.  The  which  notwithstanding 
S'  Richard  Fiennes  did,  proving  himself  lineally  descended  from  ye 
body  of  Agnes,  sister  to  ye  said  Bp.,  whereby  his  consanguinity  to  the 
said  Bp.  is  found  to  be  in  confesso  and  undoubted.  And  therefore  the 
principal  help  faiUng,  the  si^  Humfrey  for  ye  proof  of  his  kindred  did 

*  His  report  is  printed  in  the  Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genealogica. 


The  Founder's  Kin.  99 

ground  his  allegations  and  reasons  chiefly  upon  these  two  arguments 
Ab  Idenlitate  notninis  et  ab  Identitate  Armorutn.  Ab  Identitate  riomims, 
because  y*  he  was  called  Wycham,  by  which  name  he  and  all  his 
ancestors  have  been  called  since  ye  time  of  K.  H.  3.  For  disproof 
whereof  S'  Rich.  Fiennes  shewed  a  chapiter  of  ye  life  of  ye  said  Bp. 
written  in  ye  Statute  Book  of  Winchester  College  * ,  entitled  "  De  Pro- 
sapid  eiusdem  Patris,  et  ubi  et  ex  quibus  originem  duxit"  wherein 
ye  said  Bp.  is  said  to  be  borne  in  ye  towne  of  Wyckam  in  ye  County 
of  Southampton,  and  to  have  had  his  name  Wyckam  from  ye  place. 
As  also  he  shewed  ye  genealogie  of  one  Agnes  ye  sister  to  ye  said  Bp., 
written  in  ye  same  Statute  Book  '^,  wherein  it  is  said  y*  his  father's 
name  was  John  Longe.  The  validity  of  which  argument  is  sufficientlie 
exprest  (I  doubt  not)  by  these  learned  men.  The  second  argument, 
Ab  Identitate  Annorum,  if  it  were  as  well  proved  as  it  was  by  the 
said  Humfrey  Wickam  aptlie  arrayed,  it  would  help  much  to  ye  proof 
of  his  intent,  because  ye  Text  saieth  sicut  identitas  cognominis  inducit 
presumptionem  agnationis  aut  cognationis ;  which  is  fortified  by  this 
reason  : — Quoniam  sicut  nomina  imponuntur  aut  reperiuntur  ad  co- 
gnoscendos  homines,  ita  etiam  arma  seu  insignia  adinventa  sunt  ad 
cognoscendas  familias  et  cognationes.  The  said  Humfrey  did  alledge 
y*  these  arms  wch  ye  Bp.  bore  were  ye  arms  of  his  family,  and  y* 
they  do  stand  and  are  seene  to  be  such  in  the  glass  windows  of  ye 
parish  church  of  Swalcliffe,  where  he  now  dwelleth,  and  y*  his 
ancestors  having  borne  arms  by  prerogative  of  their  race  (whereof 
two  in  descent  have  been  knights)  he  knew  (he  said)  no  other  arms 
for  his  name  but  these. 

*  Whereunto  Sir  Richard  Fiennes  did  reply,  and  say  y*  there  were 
also  in  ye  parish  church  of  Swacliffe  other  arms  for  ye  name  of 
Wickam,  viz.  Ermyn,  a  bordure  gules,  replenished  with  mullets  of 
gold— which  ye  said  Humphrey  would  in  no  wise  graunt  to  be  ye 
proper  coate  for  his  name,  but  say  that  those  were  ye  arms  of  ye 
Count  de  Tanquerville  of  which  house  (as  he  sayth)  he  is  descended. 
....  Touching  this  argument,  this  I  note  ;  That  ye  said  Bp.  bare 
his  arms  diversly  at  two  sundry  times,  as  the  seales  thereof  showed 
by  S""  Richard  Fiennes  do  testify.  Before  he  was  Bp.,  when  as  yet  he 
was  but  Archdeacon  of  Lincoln,  he  sealed  but  with  one  chevron  in 
his  arms  between  three  roses  '.  But  after,  when  he  was  advanced  to 
ye  Bprick,  he  sealed  with  two  chevrons  between  three  roses  :  and  so 
are  generally  known  to  this  day  to  have  been  his  without  contradic- 
tion.   The  sayd  Humfrey  Wickam  hath  not  yet  made  proof  y'  any 

'  i.  e.  in  Heete's  Life  of  Wykeham,  which  is  bound  up  with  the  copy  of  the 
Statutes  which  he  gave  to  the  Society. 

*  This  is  a  mistake.  The  genealogy  in  question  is  written  in  the  Vetus 
Rcgistrum. 

^  These  were  the  arms  of  the  family  of  Perots  also. 

H  2 


loo  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

of  his  ancestors  did  use  either  one  or  the  other  of  those  two  coats. 
But  the  other  coat  with  ye  field  Ermyn  which  S'  Richard  Fiennes 
did  put  him  in  mynd  of,  and  which  he  refuseth  for  his  own,  is  to  be 
scene  in  divers  books  in  ye  office  of  Arms  with  ye  onely  inscription 
of  ye  name  Wyckam,  without  any  addition  of  place,  and  are  there 
found  to  be  of  as  great  or  greater  antiquity  than  those  of  ye  Bp.'s 
arms.  Moreover  ye  said  Humfrey  Wyckam  claymeth  those  arms 
which  ye  said  Bp.  used,  as  confirmed  and  allowed  unto  him  by 
Mr.  Hervy,  the  late  Clarencieux,  and  by  Mr.  Clarencieux  that  now 
is\  under  their  hands.  And  it  may  be,  because  ye  said  Humfrey 
is  an  ancient  gentleman,  and  descended  of  knights  y*  were  of  his 
house  and  lords  of  ye  manor  of  SwaclifFe  before  K.  Ed.  3'^  time,  and 
before  ye  said  Bp.  was  born,  that  Mr.  Hervy  and  Mr.  Clarencieux 
did  think  ye  said  Bishop  to  have  been  descended  out  of  ye  house 
of  Swacliffe,  and  y*  ye  arms  y*  he  used  had  been  ye  arms  of  ye 
Wyckam  of  SwaclifFe.  What  other  cause  might  move  y"*  to 
allow  those  ye  said  Bp.'s  arms  unto  ye  said  Humfrey  is  to  me  un- 
known. 

'  It  hath  been  demanded  of  me  by  ye  same  learned  men  whether 
ye  arms  which  ye  said  Bp.  used  were  given  unto  him  in  respect  of 
his  Dignity  Episcopall,  or  were  borne  by  him  before,  as  receauved 
from  his  Ancestors  and  Rank.  Whereunto  I  could  not  answer 
affirmatively  because  I  had  never  seen  matter  of  ye  first  allowance 
of  them.  But  having  read  certen  learned  writers'  opinions  of  ye  said 
Bp.  which  do  agree  in  this,  that  he  was  humilis  conditionis,  and  y* 
he  was  called  Wyckam  a  loco  unde  natus  est  et  non  a  parentibus 
(as  is  also  affirmed  in  ye  chapiter  of  his  Life  before  alledged)  wherein 
also  his  father  called  John  is  said  to  be  Progenitorum  libertate  dotatus, 
and  he  himself,  by  Ranulph,  Monk  of  Chester,  being  noted  to  be 
libertinus  vel  a  patre  libertino  natus,  I  was  moved  to  think  (as  I  told 
them)  that  those  arms  came  not  to  him  by  descent.  And  again, 
beholding  the  arms  sometime  with  one  and  afterward  with  two 
chevrons  {quae  quidem  insignia  per  carpentarios  et  domorum  factores 
portabantur,  as  Nicholas  Upton  writeth),  and  comparing  y™  to  ye 
quality  of  ye  bearer,  who  is  said  to  have  had  his  chief  preferment 
for  his  skill  in  architecture  {erat  enim  Regi  Edvardo  Tertio  in  principio 
a  fabricis,  ed  quod  ingeniosus  et  architecturd  delectatus,  as  Doctor  Caius 
maketh  mention  in  his  book  De  antiquitate  Cantabrigiensis  Academiae) 
I  was  induced  to  think  per  conjeduram  heraldicam  that  ye  Bp.  was 
ye  first  bearer  of  them. 

*  I  have  for  y""  L'ship's  understanding  made  a  draught  of  ye  several 
Pedegrees  exhibited  by  either  of  ye  parties  in  ye  hearing  of  this 
cause;  which  together  with  ye  arms  which  I  found  in  ye  office  of 

*  Robert  Cooke. 


The  Founder's  Kin,  loi 

Arms  y'  L'ship  shall  receauve  herewith.  And  thus  I  beseech  God 
to  p'serve  y'  L'ship  in  health  honour  and  prosperitie  to  ye  great 
comfort  of  ye  Princess,  Country,  Friends,  and  Wellwishers. 

*  Y'  L'ship's  as  y'  servant  most  bound, 

*  SOMERSETT.' 

'The  originalls  hereof  are  in  my  Lord's  hands  at  Broughton, 
together  with  this  draught  of  a  pedegree  (as  it  seems)  then  exhibited 
by  Humfrey. 

PEDIGREE. 

*Rob.  Wyckam,  Lord  of  SwaclifFe,  whose  sonne  and  heir  was 
Sir  Robert  Wykham,  Lord  of  Swacliffe,  whose  sonne  and  heir  was 
Thomas  Wyckham,  whose  sonne  and  heir  was  : — 

Sir  Thomas  Wyckam,  Knight,  heir  and  kinsman  of  ye  Bp.  of 
Winchester,  who  had  three  sonnes  : — 
(i)  William  Wyckam,  heir  to  S'  Thomas  Wykham  whose  only 
dau.  and  heir  Margaret,  S'  William  Fiennes,  L.  Say  and 
Scale,  marryed,  and  had  by  her : — 
Henry  Fiennes,  L^  Say  and  Scale. 

(2)  Thomas  Wyckam,  second  brother  to  William  Wyckam, 

of  whom  ye  Wyckams  living  at  this  time  at  Swacliffe  say 
they  descended,  as  foUoweth :  John,  Thomas,  Edward, 
Humfrey,  etc. 

(3)  Percivall  Wyckam,  who  dyed  a  child,  and  is  supposed  to 
be  ye  Percival  Wykam  who  was  admitted  child  of  Win- 
chester College  ^ :  as  appeareth  by  the  ProthocoUum  Book 
of  ye  Colledge. 

*  (i)  Here  S""  Tho.  Wykam,  Knt.,  and  heir  to  William  of  Wykam, 
Bp.  of  Winchester,  sonne  of  Thomas  Wyckam  of  Swachflfe  and 
grandchild  of  S'  Robert :  whereas  S"^  Thomas  of  Wykham*  truly  was 
sonne  to  Alice  and  William  Perot,  which  Alice  was  dau.  and  heir 
to  Agnes,  onely  sister  of  ye  said  Bp.  As  is  to  be  seen  in  express 
terms  in  ten  deeds  my  Lord  hath  in  his  hands,  some  from  ye  Bp. 
himself,  others  from  S'  Thomas  Wykeham  and  others. 

*  (2)  It  is  clear  from  many  evidences  y*  Thomas  de  Wykeham, 
sonne  to  S'  Thomas  de  Wykeham  (from  whom  they  derive  them- 
selves) left  no  issue  male.  Among  other  proofs  thereof,  that  is  most 
clear,  which  is  a  confession  of  Richard  Fiennes  to  be  the  lineall  heir 
of  Margaret,  ye  daughter  of  William  Wykeham,  made  by  Robert 
Strange  and  John  Strange,  when  Richard  Fiennes  recovered  ye 
mannor  of  Gerbston  of  them,  saying  y*  it  belonged  to  him  "  eo  quod 
p'dictus  Thomas  de  Wykeham  obiit  sine  herede  masculo  de  corpore  suo 

'  In  1437. 


I02  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

exeitnte,  prout  per  recordum  et  processum  in  curia  fdid.  apud  West- 
monast.  residente  plane  liquet." 

*  (3)  There  was  indeed  one  Thomas  Wykeham  of  Swacliife  who 
lived  about  ye  time  of  S'  Thomas  de  Wykeham  and  of  William  de 
Wykeham,  Bp.  of  Winchester :  but  y*  he  was  no  kinne  to  y™  (much 
less  father  or  son  to  S'  Thomas  de  Wykeham)  appears  by  a  letter 
of  attorney  amongst  my  Lord's  deeds  by  Thomas  Couke  and  Joh.  de 
Keton  to  this  effect : — 

*  "Omnibus  Christi  fidelibus  etc.  Sciatis  nos  constituisse  attornasse 
et  loco  nostro  posuisse  dilectos  nobis  in  Christo  Henricum  Somerton, 
Thomam  Wykham  de  Swaclive,  Joh.  Carswode,  etc.  ad  liberand. 
pro  nobis  et  nomine  nostro  venerabili  in  Christo  patri  et  domino 
Domino  Willelmo  de  Wykeham,  Epo  Winton,  plenam  et  pacificam 
seisinam,  etc.  ita  quod  post  mortem  dicti  Epi  omnia  p'dicta  tene- 
menta,  etc.  remaneant  Thomae  de  Wykeham,  filio  Willmi  Perot  et 
Aliciae  uxoris  ejus  et  consanguineo  dicti  Epi  et  aliis  diversis  personis 
in  feodo  talliato,  etc.  Dat.  octavo  die  Julii  ann.  regni  Regis  Ricardi 
secundi  sexto  decimo." 

*  (i)  Herein  he  is  called  simply  Thomas  Wykham  of  Swaclive, 
distinguished  from  S^'  Thomas  Wykeham  thus— £"/  Thomae  de 
Wykeham  filio  Willi  et  Aliciae  Perot  (qu.  the  Pedegree  false)  con- 
sanguineo dicti  Epi  etc.  Nay,  if  their  Pedegree  were  true  this 
Thomas  must  needs  be  either  Father  or  Sonne  to  S'  Thomas 
Wykeham.  And  then  (besides  the  incongruity  y*  either  father  or 
son  should  be  employed  as  Attorney  in  this  kind)  there  would  be 
no  distinction  between  Thomas  Wykham  that  was  ye  attorney  and 
Thomas  Wykeham  to  whom  ye  manor  was  to  remain  after  ye  Bp.'s 
death.  For  the  former  would  have  been  consanguineus  dicti  Epi,  but 
the  other  .would  have  been  also  Thomas  Wykeham  of  Swaclive,  as 
being  sonne  or  father  to  ye  Lord  of  Swacliffe. 

'  (2)  In  this  deed  his  name  of  Swaclive  is  allwayes  written  thus, — 
"  Wykham."  The  Bp.'s  and  S'  Thomas  his  thus,  "  de  Wykeham." 
So  there  is  a  D  and  an  E  more  in  ye  latter  than  in  ye  former.  The 
difference  of  y*  is  but  small  ;  yet  constantlie  observed  in  ye  deeds. 
The  other  is  also  generally  used  in  ye  deeds  in  ye  name  of  ye  Bp., 
of  S"^  Thomas  de  Wykeham,  and  of  his  two  brothers,  William  and 
John  de  Wykeham,  who  were  Perot's  sons,  and  took  ye  name  of 
Wykeham  from  ye  Place  where  the  Bp.  was  born. 

*  (3)  Were  their  draught  true  yet  they  show  not  what  kin  they  are 
the  Bp. :  because  they  show  not  what  kin  Sir  Thomas  was  to  him, 
as  indeed  he  would  be  none,  if  he  were  descended  from  Thomas  and 
Robert,  Lords  of  Swacliffe,  as  they  would  have  it.    But  the  Fiennes 


The  Founder's  Kin.  103 

on  the  contrary  doe  not  onely  show  how  they  are  descended  of  S' 
Thomas  Wykeham  by  his  grandchild  Margaret,  but  allso  how  he 
was  descended  of  Agnes,  onely  sister  to  ye  Bp.,  namely  his  mother 
Alice  Perot  being  the  onely  daughter  and  heir  of  ye  said  Agnes. 

*Qu.  Whether  there  are  at  this  time  any  Wickham  Founder's 
kin; 

'  Ans.  Probably  no.  For  they  are  either  descended  from  ye  chil- 
dren of  William  and  Alice  Perot  (who  indeed  took  on  y"™  the  name 
of  Wykeham)  or  else  from  some  other  of  ye  Founder's  kindred  who 
in  hke  manner  took  upon  y""  ye  name  of  Wykeham.  Not  from  the 
sons  of  Perot,  for  they  left  no  heirs  male  of  their  bodyes,  whereupon 
divers  mannors  returned  to  Margaret  the  right  heir  of  ye  Founder, 
as  appeareth  by  the  evidences.  Nor  probably  did  any  other  of  ye 
Bp.'s  kindred  take  y*  name  upon  y™  (if  they  did  let  them  prove  it). 
If  any, 'tis  likely  the  Ryngbornes  would  have  done  it,  who  come  next 
to  the  children  of  William  and  Alice  Perot  in  all  successions. 

*Qu.  But  there  have  been  of  that  name  admitted  into  Winton 
College  as  Founder's  kinsmen  ? 

*  Ans.  Some  years  after  ye  Founder's  time  there  were  of  Perot's 
race  y*  bare  ye  name  (as  is  said  before)  but  either  they  dyed  children, 
clergiemen,  or  otherwise  without  issue  male.  So  that  ye  name  is 
extinct  in  y*  race.  But  as  there  have  been  Wykehams  admitted  as 
Founder's  kin  into  Winton,  so  there  have  been  Wyckams  of  Swacliffe 
admitted  as  probationers  in  New  College,  as  I  have  heard.^ 

The  cause  was  heard  before  Lord  Keeper  Bromley,  when  "  for  the 
dyffycultye  of  the  judgment  to  be  given  upon  the  process  and  for  the 
generall  endynge  of  all  further  controversye  and  strief  touching  the 
same,"  it  was  by  consent  decreed  that  Humphry  Wykham  should 
renounce  his  claim  of  kinship,  and  that  his  sons  Thomas  and  Fer- 
dinando  should  be  "admytted  scholars  into  the  said  Colledge  by 
Winchester,  where  they  shall  have  such  allowance  and  education, 
and  be  from  thence  preferred  unto  the  said  Colledge  in  Oxford  .... 
as  if  they  were  the  blood  of  the  Founder  ....  without  allowing  or 
confessing  that  they  are  of  the  same  blood  or  kin,  and  .  .  .  that 
every  heire  apparent  of  the  plaintiff  and  his  heires  for  four  descents 
which  shall  next  happen  from  the  nowe  heire  apparent  of  the 
plaintiff  ^  or  in  the  stead  of  heire  apparent,  one  of  the  brethren  of 
every  of  the  said  heires  apparent  shall  be  admitted,"  etc' 

It  was  part  of  the  decree,  as  we  have  seen,  that  Humphry 
Wykham  should  renounce  his  claim  of  kinship  to  the  Founder. 

*  i.  e.  Not  as  Founder's  kin,  for  that  class  were  entitled  to  be  admitted  with- 
out a  period  of  probation. 

*  See  Blackstone's  Essay  on  Collateral  Consanguinity,  p.  76 ;  Report  of  Ox- 
ford University  Commissioners,  1853,  p.  159. 


104  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

This  he  did  for  himself  and  his  heirs,  by  a  solemn  act  of  re- 
nunciation in  1580.  His  son  Ferdinando  was  admitted  in  the 
election  of  the  same  year  as  an  ordinary  scholar. 

Their  success  against  the  Wykhams  of  Swalcliffe  moved  the 
Society  to  dispute  the  claim  of  the  Fiennes  and  Bolney  families. 
A  suit  in  Chancery  followed.  Sir  Christopher  Hatton  referred 
the  matter  to  Bishop  Cooper  as  Visitor.  He  made  an  order  in 
1589  limiting  the  number  of  Founder's  kin  to  ten  at  Winchester 
and  eight  at  Oxford  at  any  one  time ',  including  any  members 
of  either  of  those  families  who  might  present  themselves. 

This  order  continued  in  force  until  the  privileges  of  Founder's 
kin  were  abolished  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Oxford 
University  Commissioners  in  the  year  1858.  Ellis  Ashton 
Robinson  and  Edward  Payne,  the  last  of  the  class,  were  admitted 
in  1857. 

In  1633  Humphry  Wykham's  eldest  son,  Richard  Wykham 
of  Swalcliffe,  revived  the  family  pretensions  on  behalf  of  a  kins- 
man of  his,  William  Wykham  of  Abingdon,  but  unsuccessfully. 

In  1635-6  Humphry  Wykham's  second  son,  Edward  Wyk- 
ham of  Swalcliffe,  joined  William  Wykham  of  Abingdon  in  a 
petition  to  Charles  I.  The  petitioners  complained  that  they 
had  tendered  one  William  Deane,  a  poor  scholar  of  their  blood, 
at  the  last  election,  but  without  success,  owing  to  the  interposi- 
tion of  the  Viscount  Saye  and  Sele.  The  petition  was  referred 
to  Archbishop  Laud,  the  Earl  Marshal,  and  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester ^.  They  granted  an  order  for  inspection  of  documents, 
and  cited  Lord  Saye  to  appear  before  them  in  the  Star  Chamber 
on  January  31,  1637-8.  The  result  of  the  inquiry  was  fatal  to 
the  claim  ^  I  subjoin  the  pedigree  of  the  Swalcliffe  family  which 
was  supplied  by  the  Herald's  College  on  that  occasion,  and  is  the 
s.'m2  as  that  which  Somerset  Herald  criticised  : — 

*  Appendix  XIII.         *  Domestic  State  Papers,  cccxiv,  i8  Feb.  1635-6. 

^  The  Archbishop  and  his  colleagues  made  a  decree,  dated  '  at  y®  Inner  Star 
Chamber,  the  last  of  January,  1637,'  that  'however  the  parties  petitioning  doe 
make  sundry  specious  arguments  for  their  clayme  of  kindred  upon  the  name  of 
the  founder,  and  that  the  same  armes  with  his  (or  verie  near  the  same)  are 
assumed  by  the  plaintiffs,  and  some  of  their  predecessors  of  later  times,  and 
observacons  are  made  by  the  petitioners  out  of  Entryes  in  the  Colledge  books, 
and  there  hath  been  exhibition  of  sundry  pedegrees  observed  and  entertained, 
yet  Wee,  taking  into  consideration  the  particular  answers  of  the  defendants  to 
the  severall  objections  of  the  plaintiffs,  doe  find  noe  sufficient  ground  of  the 
plaintiffs'  kindred  to  the  founder.' 


The  Founder's  Kin.  105 

Robert  Wickham,  Lord  of  Swalcliff =p  Maud,  dau.  of  Reginald  Watervill 


Sir  Robert  Wickham,  Lord  of  SwalcliflP=i=Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Sir  John  le  Sore,  KnL 

\ 

I 


Wi 


Ralph  Wickham       Thomas  Wickham      John  Wickham       Richard  Wickham' 
d.  s.  p.  I 

Thomas  Wickham 
\ 

i  ^  ^  i  Ty  . 

Guy  Edward  Thomas  John  Percival 

Wickham  Wickham  Wickham,  Wickham'  Wickham' 

of  Swalcliff 
\ 

i  I 

John  Wickham^Alice  Lydeard,  of  Gljrmpton  Robert  Wickham 

Thomas  Wickham=j=Jocosa  Hanbury 

Edward  Wykham=plsabel  Poulson 


T 


Humphry  Wykham,  of  Swalcliff — A  dau.  of  Edward  Underbill 

The  above  pedigree  was  made  out  in  1571  by  Robert  Coake, 
Clarencieux,  King  of  Arms,  *  according  to  the  truth  of  his  evidences 
and  other  proofs  whereby  it  is  apparent,  and  myne  own  opinion  is, 
that  he  (Humphry  Wykham)  is  of  the  blood  of  the  Bishop  William 
Wickham  your  founder,  and  ought  to  have  the  prerogative  he 
claymeth  amongst  you  as  others  of  the  blood  of  the  bishop  have 
had  heretofore.  And  him  I  doe  permit  to  bear  and  use  these 
armes '  (the  Founder's)  '  for  anything  that  may  be  said  to  the 
contrarie.' 

This  was  all  very  well  for  Clarencieux  in  the  character  of  an 
expert  witness  for  the  plaintiff;  but  his  pedigree  does  not  seem 
to  me  to  establish  the  kinship  which  he  declares  to  exist  by 
showing  the  identity  of  any  ancestor  of  the  Swalcliflfe  family 
with  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham,  Alice  Perot's  son.  Nor  does  Mr. 
Wykeham  Martin's  able  pamphlet  claim  to  do  more  than  set 
out  the  presumptions  in  favour  of  the  claim.  The  strong  point 
in  its  favour  is  the  admission  of  Percival  Wykham  as  Founder's 
kin  in  1437  ;  but  was  the  evidence  on  which  he  was  admitted  in 

'  Clarencieux  says,  '  This  Richard  was  of  the  blood  of  the  Bysshop  of  Win- 
chester, as  appeareth  by  a  Court  roll.' 

*  Clarencieux  says,  '  In  the  fifth  year  of  H.  IV  (1403)  John  Wickham  brother 
to  Percival  and  cosen  to  the  Founder  was  named  in  election  to  bee  Warden  of 
the  New  College  in  Oxford,  as  appeareth  by  the  Prothocall  booke,  fol  47.' 

^  Clarencieux  says,  '  This  Percivall  was  sworn  Child  of  Winchester  in  the 
i8th  yeare  of  H.  6.  as  is  to  be  proved  by  the  Prothocall  booke  of  Wynchestre.* 


ic6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

that  year  any  better  than,  or  different  from,  the  evidence  which 
was  held  to  be  insufficient  in  1572  ^  ?  Upon  the  whole,  the 
Wykhams  of  Swalcliff  must  be  regarded  as  a  most  ancient  and 
respectable  family,  far  more  so,  perhaps,  than  the  Founder's  was, 
but  not  of  kin  to  it  ^ 

I  quote  opposite  the  pedigree  of  Richard  Fiennes  from  an 
original  which  was  made  out  in  1572  and  continued  down  to  1637 
for  the  purposes  of  Humphry  Wykham's  suit  in  Chancery. 

Among  the  numerous  Founder's  kin  of  the  revival,  headed 
by  Richard  Fiennes,  may  be  mentioned  the  first '  and  sixth  Vis- 
counts and  thirteenth  Baron  Saye  and  Sele(i596,  1731,  1811)*: 
Nathaniel  Fiennes,  the  Parliamentary  Colonel,  and  Speaker  of 
the  other  House,  (1623) :  Thomas  Lydiat,  the  unfortunate 
astronomer  and  chronologer  (1584) :  Thomas  Grent,  physician 
to  the  College  (1595) :  Henry  Stringer,  Regius  Professor  of 
Greek  and  Warden  of  New  College,  ejected  in  the  Rebellion 
(1605) :  Sir  John  Franklin,  Knt.,  a  Six  Clerk  in  Chancery 
(1656) :  Thomas  Oldys,  Archdeacon  of  Bucks  (1657)  :  Walter 
Harris,  physician  to  William  HI  (1660) :  Sir  John  Trenchard, 
Knt,  Chief  Justice  of  Chester,  and  Principal  Secretary  of  State 
to  William  HI  (1661) :  Henry  Sacheverell,  not  the  polemic 
Rector  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  but  a  kinsman  of  the  same 

^  The  electors'  judgment  on  these  questions  of  pedigree  was  not  infallible.  For 
example,  the  family  of  Bathurst  was  regarded  as  of  kin  to  the  Founder  owing  to 
a  mistaken  assumption  about  the  year  1729  that  Sir  Benjamin  Bathurst  was 
descended  through  his  mother  Elizabeth  Villiers  from  Sir  William  Turpin,  of 
Knaptoft,  and  Elizabeth  Fiennes ;  and  the  error  was  not  discovered  until  the 
year  1836,  when  Warden  Shuttleworth  made  the  following  note  in  the  New 
College  Register  : — '  Hoc  anno  certius  factum  est  collegium  a  Fecialibus  Regiis 
stirpem  Bathurstorum  falso  et  errore  inveterato  inter  Fundatoris  consanguineos 
fuisse  adnumeratos.' 

■•'  Everything  that  can  be  said  in  support  of  the  contrary  opinion  is  said  in  an 
able  pamphlet  by  C.  Wykeham  Martin,  F.S.A.,  published  in  1852,  entitled : — 
An  attempt  to  establish  the  descent  of  William  of  Wykeham,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
from  the  family  of  Wykeham  of  Swalcliff e. 

'  Of  the  first  Viscount  Clarendon  says  {History  of  the  Rebellion,  Book  VI)  : — 
'The  Lord  Say  was  of  a  proud,  morose,  and  sullen  nature,  conversed  much 
with  books,  having  been  bred  a  scholar,  and  (though  nobly  born)  a  fellow  of 
New  College,  in  Oxford;  to  which  he  claimed  a  right  by  the  alliance  he  pre- 
tended' (i.e.  claimed)  'to  have  from  William  of  Wickham,  the  Founder,  which 
he  made  good  by  a  far  fetched  pedigree  through  so  many  years,  half  whereof 
extinguishes  all  relations  of  kindred.' 

♦  The  dates  following  the  names  in  this  clause  denote  the  year  of  admission 
to  Winchester  College. 


The  Founders  Kin. 


107 


Dnus  de  Stratton  neere  Selbome 


Amy^William  Stratton 


Julian 


Alice=pWilliam  Bowde 

I 


I 
Eleanor 


John  Longe=pSibilla 


I  ,  I 

William,  Bishop  of  Winchester        William  Champneys=pAgnes 


T 

Alice=ipWilliam  Perot 


Thomas    Perot,    who  J        (    dau.  of 
was  called  Sir  Thomas  \^\  William 
Wykeham,  Knt        )    I    (  Wylkesey 


William  Perot         John  Perot 


Sir  William  Fenys=T=Elizabeth  Battisford 

"I 


William  Wykeham 


Sir  Roger  Fenys 


Sir  Richard  Fenys 
Lord  Dacre. 


Sir  James  Fenys,  Knt, 
ist  Lord  Saye  and  Sele 

Sir  William  Fenys,  Knt  ,=pMargaret  Wykeham 
and  Lord  Saye  and  Sele  I 


Richard  Fenys 
d.  s.  p. 


Henry  Fenys,  =p  Dau.  of  Sir  Richard 


3rd  Lord 
Saye  and  Sele 


Harcourt,  Knt 


John  Fenys 


Richard  Fenys^Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Richard 
Crofte 


Anne  Fenys  Edward  Fenys=f:Margaret,  dau.  of       Elizabeth-pWilliam 


Sir  John  Danvers 


Sir  Richard  Fenys=pUrsula,  dau.  of  Richard  Fermor, 
living  in  anno  of  Eston  (Easton)  Neston 

1573 


Richard  Fenys 


Elizabeth  Fenys 


Danvers  of 
Culworth 


John  Danvers  Mary,  m.  to  Dorothy,  m.  to  Anne,  m.  to 

Robert  Barker        Henry  Sacheverell         George  Blount 
of  Sulgrave  of  Kibworth  of  Wigginton. 


io8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

name,  who  died  early  (167 1) :  George  Verney,  Baron  Wil- 
loughby  de  Broke  (1674) :  Sir  George  Beaumont,  Bart.,  a  Lord 
of  the  Admiralty  (1677) :  Philip  Bisse,  Bishop  of  Hereford 
(1682) :  William  Somervile,  author  of  *  The  Chase '  (1690) : 
Lewis  Gibber,  son  of  Caius  Gabriel  Gibber,  and  brother  of 
Colley  Gibber  (1697) :  Walter  Gary,  Glerk  of  the  Gouncil 
(1701):  John  Burton,  Headmaster  (1705):  John  Goker,  High 
Sheriff  of  Oxon  (1712):  Sir  Villiers  Gharnock,  Bart.  (1718) : 
Benjamin  Pye,  Archdeacon  of  Durham  (1740) :  Benjamin 
Wheeler,  Professor  successively  of  poetry,  philosophy,  and 
divinity  in  the  University  of  Oxford  (1747) :  Henry  Bathurst, 
Bishop  of  Norwich  (1756) :  Martin  Wall,  physician  and  clinical 
Professor  in  the  University  of  Oxford  (1760) :  John  Goker, 
Golonel  of  Oxford  Volunteers  (1764) :  William  Beaumont 
Busby,  Dean  of  Rochester  (1768):  John  Barton,  Ghaplain  to 
House  of  Gommons  (1773) :  Sir  Francis  Buller,  Bart.  (1779) : 
Henry  Bathurst,  Archdeacon  of  Norwich  (1793) :  Benjamin 
Bathurst,  envoy  to  Vienna  (1797) :  David  Williams,  Head- 
master, afterwards  Warden  of  New  Gollege  (1799) :  John  Goker, 
Canon  of  Lincoln  (1806) :  Canon  Bingham  (1824) :  Canon 
Payne  (1825) :  Edward  Wingfield,  G.B.,  Assistant  Under- 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies  (1846). 


CHAPTER  VII. 
The    Commoners. 

None  in  scheme  of  foundation. — How  introduced. — Fellow  commoners  and 
pensioners. — Various  sources  of  information. — Day  boys  recognised  by 
Wykeham. — Cardinal  Beaufort's  Injunction. — Purchase  of  St.  Elizabeth's 
College. — Imber's  Case. — Guy  Dobbins. — School  Rolls. — Number  at 
different  times. — Dr.  Burton's  alterations  in  College. — He  founds  Com- 
moners.— New  Commoners. — Recent  improvements. 

It  is  almost  certain  that  there  were  no  commoners  in  Wyke- 
ham's  original  scheme  of  foundation.  The  only  allusion  to  them 
in  the  Statutes  is  contained  in  a  single  clause  tacked  on  at  the  end 
of  Rubric  XVI  :  De  Extraneis  non  introducendis  ad  onus  Col- 
legit.  Notwithstanding  the  general  rule  against  harbouring 
strangers  within  the  walls  of  the  College,  a  few  sons  of  gentle- 
men of  influence  who  are  particular  friends  of  the  Society  {nobi- 
lium  et  valentium  personarum  et  Collegio  specialiter  amicorum), 
may  be  received  and  educated  there,  so  that  they  be  no 
burden  to  the  College.  Their  number  is  not  to  exceed  ten  at  a 
time,  probably  because  there  was  just  one  spare  room  in  College 
— the  chamber  over  Fifth — which  would  hold  that  number  con- 
veniently. The  reason  why  Wykeham  made  this  concession  is, 
I  think,  obvious.  Wykeham's  foundation — an  educational  one, 
unconnected  with  any  religious  house — was  a  novelty.  We 
may  imagine  the  country  gentlemen  of  Hampshire  watching 
the  experiment  with  interest,  and  asking  to  be  allowed  to  have 
the  same  education  for  their  sons,  by  paying  for  it,  as  Wyke- 
ham's poor  scholars  were  getting  gratis.  Compare  the  demand 
at  the  present  day  for  '  paying  hospitals,'  that  is  to  say,  for  the 
admission  of  paying  patients  to  hospitals  intended  for  the  sick 
poor  only.     I  imagine  that  the  exception  in  favour  of  the  ten 


no  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

extranet  was  added  to  the  original  Statute  about  two  years  after 
the  College  was  opened,  as  soon  as  Wykeham,  in  deference  to 
the  wishes  of  the  country  gentlemen  of  his  acquaintance,  decided 
on  admitting  a  limited  number  of  commoners.  In  the  earliest 
extant  fragment  that  we  possess  of  the  Libri  Commensalium,  or 
Books  of  the  Seneschal  of  hall,  in  which  the  names  of  all  who 
dined  and  supped  in  hall,  from  day  to  day,  are  recorded ;  that 
for  the  first  week  of  the  second  quarter  of  the  year  beginning  at 
Michaelmas,  1395,  the  heading  '  Extrane '  (outsiders)  occurs, 
and  underneath  it  the  name  of  John  Ramsey,  struck  through 
with  a  pen.  And  if  we  look  on  to  the  third  week  of  the  same 
quarter  we  shall  find  under  *  Extrane  '  the  name  of  John  Ram- 
sey, struck  through  as  before,  and  '  Richard  Stanstede,'  inserted 
underneath  it.  Why  John  Ramsey's  name  is  struck  out  we 
have  no  means  of  knowing  ;  but  if  he  is  to  be  ignored  on  that 
ground,  then  Richard  Stanstede  was  the  first  of  the  class  of 
commoners  \  In  the  next  Seneschal's  book  that  is  extant,  that 
for  the  year  ending  at  Michaelmas  1402,  the  names  of  Lucays, 
Sy,  and  Perys  appear  under  the  same  heading.  One  of  the 
Ryngebornes  joins  them  in  the  second  week,  and  a  boy  named 
Chelray  (Childrey)  appears  in  the  third  week.  In  the  last  week 
of  the  last  quarter  of  the  year  there  were  eight  of  these  com- 
moners in  residence,  namely,  Ryngeborne,  Sy,  Delemare, 
Harryes,  Hussey,  Whitby,  Wakfeld,  and  Langryssh.  Per- 
haps this  Ryngeborne  was  an  elder  brother  of  Nicholas  Rynge- 
borne, who  was  admitted  to  College  in  the  year  1404.  The 
Ryngebornes  were  Founder's  kin,  but  were  not  admitted  in  that 
character  in  this  generation.  Harryes  is  called  '  alienigena  '  * 
in  the  Computus  of  the  year  1399,  where  mention  is  made  of  a 
sum  of  20S.  lod.,  which  had  been  spent  on  new  clothes  for 
him  and  horse-hire  on  a  journey  which  he  took  to  visit  Wyke- 
ham at  Southwark.  Harryes  is  mentioned  along  with  Sy, 
Wakfeld,  Henry  Popham,  Askham,  and  the  two  sons  of  John 


^  I  do  not  know  whether  to  identify  him  with  a  Richard  Stanstede  who  sold 
a  service  book  to  the  College  in  6  H.  IV.  : — '  In  sol.  Ric".  Stanstede  pro  j  novo 
processionali  empt.  ab  eodem  hoc  anno,  xiij»  iiij"* '  is  an  item  in  the  Computus  of 
that  year. 

*  This  word  was  probably  used  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  Harryes  as 
a  stranger  in  blood  was  not  entitled  as  of  right  to  the  allowances  which  he  had 
by  Wykeham's  order. 


The  Commoners. 


Ill 


Uvedale\  in  the  memorandum  accompanying  the  remarkable 
Remonstrance  which  the  Society  addressed  to  Wykeham  in 
1402  ^ 

In  October,  1407,  there  were  eleven  of  these  boys — namely, 
Clyfton  and  Langeforde,  who  p^id  i^d.  each,  and  Basset,  Salus- 
bury,  Hende,  Thomas,  Ryngeborne,  Bedmestre,  Schoppe, 
Wolphe,  and  Halle,  who  paid  8af.  or  gd.  each  per  week.  The 
first  two  no  doubt  messed  with  the  Fellows,  who  were  allowed 
i2d.  each  per  week  for  their  commons ;  the  rest  evidently 
messed  with  the  scholars,  whose  weekly  allowance  was  %d. 
The  gd.  paid  by  some  probably  covered  the  cost  of  breakfast,  or 
extras  of  some  kind.  Thus  early  do  we  discover  the  existence 
of  two  classes  of  commoners,  namely,  gentlemen  or  fellow  com- 
moners, and  pensioners^,  as  they  are  called  at  Cambridge.  In 
the  Seneschal's  book  for  March  1412-3  the  names  are  tabulated 
thus : — 

Fitzrychard xij"*. 

Spaldyngton 
Bare 

Skydmore 
Waltham. 

Corydon > viij" 

Stawnton 
Waplod  . 
Rio.  Wakfeld 
Joh.  Wakfeld 

^  These  boys  were  sons  of  John  de  Uvedale,  of  Wickham  in  Hampshire,  by 
Sibella  his  wife,  who  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  John  de  Scures,  and  brought  the 
Wickham  property  into  the  Uvedale  family  (Notices  of  the  family  of  Uvedale, 
by  G.  W.  G.  Leveson  Gower,  in  Surrey  Archaeological  Colleciions,  vol.  iii.  p.  74). 
This  Sir  John  de  Scures  was  one  of  Wykeham 's  patrons  in  early  life,  for  whom, 
in  company  with  Sir  Ralph  de  Sutton,  Knt.,  Thomas  de  Foxle,  Andrew  Ger- 
veys  and  John  Wodelok,  Wykeham  directed  (Statutes,  Rub.  xxix)  that  masses 
should  be  sung  in  the  College  chapel  daily.  John  de  Uvedale,  the  father  of 
those  two  bo3rs,  must  have  had  some  claim  upon  the  gratitude  of  Wykeham. 
He  was  a  nephew  of  Sir  Peter  de  Uvedale,  who  however  can  scarcely  have 
been  the  '  Maister  Wodall  of  Wickham '  who  '  brought  up  William  of  Wickham 
at  Schoole '  as  Stow  says  in  his  Chronicles,  inasmuch  as  the  Uvedales,  as  Mr. 
Leveson  Gower  has  pointed  out,  were  not  in  existence  at  Wickham  in  Wyke- 
ham's  school  days.  Who  the  '  Uvedallus  patronus  Wiccami '  was  must  remain 
unknown. 

"  See  next  chapter. 

'  A  pensioner,  strictly  speaking,  is  one  who  pays  a  '  pensio '  or  rent  for  his 
room,  as  distinguished  from  a  scholar,  who  has  them  rent  free. 


1 12  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

A  year  later  we  find 

} 


Martyn    . 
Fawkener,  major  ^ 


Spaldyngton 
Skydmore 
Stawnton 
Waplod  . 
Haulton  . 
Bradewell 
Thorp 
Fawkener,  minor 


xij* 


VllJ 


iid. 


In  the  last  week  of  October  1420,  the  two  classes  are  distin- 
guished : — 

COMMENSALES  CUM  SOCIIS: 
Uvedale  ^. 
Knoyle. 


COMMENSALES    CUM   SCOLARIBUS. 


Dyngley. 
Banke. 
Walton. 
Neuge. 


Canterbery. 
Dyer. 
Coventre  ^. 


In  1424  the  period  of  residence  is  recorded  : — 
COMMENSALES   CUM   SOCIIS. 

WEEKS. 

Thomas  Uvedale 26J 

William  Uvedale 24J 

Knoyle 30 

Hamdene 22 


^  Note  this  use  of  major  and  'minor,'  as  at  Eton,  to  distinguish  elder  and 
younger  brothers.  The  father  of  Hampton  (adm.  1420)  is  described  as  '  the 
father  of  Hampton,  ma.'  in  the  book  of  the  Seneschal  of  hall  for  1422. 

^  Qu.  one  of  the  members  for  Hampshire  in  1445.  'Et  in  exp.  Hen.  Uvedale 
et  Rob"  Wickham  burgensium  ad  Parliamentum.  Dm  Regis,  prout  consuevit  in 
annis  preteritis,  iij'  iiij"*'  is  an  entry  in  the  Computus  for  the  Manor  of  Stubbing- 
ton  in  1445,  indicating  that  35.  ^d.  was  the  yearly  contribution  of  that  manor 
towards  the  payment  of  the  two  knights  of  the  shire  in  the  first  half  of  the 
fifteenth  century, 

^  Qu.  son  of  William  Coventre,  the  specialis  amicus  referred  to  in  Chapter  xi. 


The  Commoners. 
COMMENSALES  CUM   SCOLARIBUS 


"3 


Dynley 
Canterbery 
Sprygges 
H  any  ton 
Sayer . 
Golde  . 
Wykeham 
Kyngescote 


In  1441  the  names  are 

Whyte. 
Dabridgecourt. 


Scarborow. 

Gryll. 

Pavy. 


19 
49J 
41 
48i 
4i 
32 
44 
32 


Worsley. 

Elyaut  (Eliot). 

Holmyche  or  Holmege. 

Boteler. 

Hastyngs. 

Avenelle. 


In  1447  the  number  of  pensioners  had  increased  to  twelve  : — 


Haydok. 
Gayner. 


Asshelegh. 

Holmyche. 

Gawter. 

Savage. 

Palmer. 


In  1448 ; — 

Haydok. 
Lysle. 


Savage. 

Phylypps. 

Mychelgrove. 

In  1454  :— 
Wallar. 


Wynne. 
Theyle. 
Mychelgrove. 


Kent. 

Upham. 

Kenett. 

Yne  or  Yve. 

Phylypps. 

Alwyn. 

Robyns. 


Axbrygge. 
Longe. 
San  dry  s. 
Robyns. 
Yne  or  Yve. 
Wynne. 


Vale. 
Jamys. 

Saymour  {sic). 
Fyscher. 


114 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


In  1460: — 


Atherley  al.  Hatherley. 

Doo. 

Taylour. 

Shoveler  or  Sholer. 

Uvedale. 

Yong. 

Pympe. 

Vance. 

Blankeham. 

Vance. 

In  1467 : — 

Ffinis  or  Ffynys  \ 

Halle. 

Berkeley. 

Hervy. 

Uvedale. 

Donne. 

Ffylot. 

Laurance. 

Wilby. 

Levote. 

Charleton. 

In  1471 : — 

Catysby. 

Lenthorp. 

Darell. 

George. 

Tyberd. 

Pakenham. 

Galley. 

Neuport. 

Wulff. 

Wynterfylle. 

Gyan. 

In  1474  :— 

Barantyn. 

Gylbart. 

Erlye. 

Latham. 

Darell. 

Pawlett. 

Gyan. 

Catysby'. 

Coke  or  Cooke. 

Champyon. 

In  1480  :— 

Denham. 

Peers. 

Carow. 

Harnys. 

Catysby. 

Cort. 

Torre. 

Coke  or  Cooke. 

Mendaper. 

Hylle. 

Babyngton. 

Hulse. 

^  The  old  spelling  of  Fiennes. 

^  The  elder  brother  seems  to  have  been  sent  as  a  fellow  commoner,   the 
younger  as  a  pensioner. 


The  Commoners. 


"5 


In  1483 


Tylney,  sen. 

'  (John). 

Gybbons. 

Tylney,  jun. 

(Richard). 

Gybbrysh. 

Pawlett. 

Bermysley. 

Odam. 

1  \Jl  1  \Z» 

Wykar. 

In  i486 :— 

Tylney,  sen. 

Odam. 

Tylney,  jun. 

Gybbons. 

Pawlett. 

Powton. 

Pownde. 

Bermysley. 

Fyscher. 

Torre. 

In  1490 : — 

Moreys. 

Bartilmew. 

Pownde. 

Clere. 

Hylle. 

Mapull. 

Caylewey  (Cayley) 

Barrett. 

Frye. 

Charyte. 

In  1493  :— 

Wallar. 

Clavyl. 

Unyon. 

Warham. 

Wayte. 

Whytehedde 

Boureman. 

Purwyck 

Bulkeley. 

Statham. 

Crowe. 

Aylyng. 
Grafton. 

Rede. 


In  1500  : — 

Servyngton. 

More. 

Knoyle. 

Mordaunt. 

Esterfeld. 

Eland. 

Doune. 


Fawkener. 

CoUey. 

Belchamber. 

London. 

Mapull. 

Clavyll. 


*  Major,'  '  minor,'  and  '  minimus,'  however,  occur  among  the  scholars  of  this 


year. 


I  2 


ii6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


In  1511  :— 

Warham. 

Purdew. 

Goodman. 

Sopar. 

Hartewelle. 

In  1520 : — 

Purdew. 
Bolney. 
Awdley. 
Bryges. 


Alyn. 

Barton. 

Hussey. 

Bolney. 

Awdley. 


More. 

Hussey,  sen. 
Hussey,  jun. 
Rowland. 


The  Seneschal's  books  end  in  this  year,  and  we  must  refer  to 
the  Book  of  Benefactions  to  the  College  Library  for  further  in- 
formation respecting  the  commoners  for  the  next  hundred  years. 
Such  information  respecting  them  as  we  get  in  this  way  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  their  entrance  fees  were  laid  out  in  the  purchase 
of  books,  or  that  they  presented  books  on  entrance  or  on  leav- 
ing, or  in  after  life,  to  the  College  library.  The  following 
names  have  been  ascertained  in  that  way.  Many  of  them  are 
the  names  of  boys  who,  like  Bishop  Ken,  afterwards  entered 
College.  Boys  were  often  sent  as  commoners  until  they  found 
vacancies  in  College.  Some  of  these  boys  are  merely  called 
'  alumni ' :  others  are  said  to  be  *  ad  mensam  sociorum '  or  '  ad 
mensam  puerorum  ; '  and  a  few  are  called  '  commensales  extra 
collegium ' — boys  who  boarded  and  lodged  outside  the  walls. 

DATE. 

1543-    John  Moryn. 
No  date.    Nicholas  Martyn,  qy.  sch.  1566. 

1601.  William  Stafforde,  gent.    He  gave  to  the  Society  in  1609 

a  copy  of  Cranmer's  Bible  (folio  1541)  which  his 
mother,  Lady  Dorothie  Stafford,  bequeathed  to  him 
upon  condition  that  he  should  present  it  to  the  College 
in  which  he  was  educated. 

1602.  John  Sharrock   ....        Ad  m.  soc. 

1604.  Thomas  Booth    ....  „     puer. 
Robert  Hayes    ....             »        j» 

John  and  William  Spencer,  sons  of  Lord  Robert  Spencer. 

1605.  Andrew  Pawlett        .       .        .        Ad  m.  puer. 
John  Warner. 

Isaac  Allen. 
Robert  Urry. 


The  Commoners. 


117 


1606. 

1607. 
i6o8. 
1609. 

i6io. 

1611. 

1612. 
1613. 

1614. 

1615. 


1616. 


1617. 
1618. 
1619. 
1620. 
1621. 
1622. 
1623. 

1624. 


Sch.  1607. 
Sch.  1606. 
Ad  m.  puer.  Sch.  1608. 


John  Harmar. 

John  Pope. 

Worsley  Batten . 

William  Wither 

James  Yelding   . 

George  Hardinge 

Thomas  and  Arthur  Lake 

John  Foscet. 

Mountjoy  Blount,  eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Devon.* 

Benjamin  Tichborne.        .        .        Ad  m.  soc. 

Andrew  Turpyn        .        .        .        Sch.  1607. 

Simon  Harcourt,  qy.  Sir  Simon  Harcourt,  Knt. 


John  George 
Thomas  Symmes. 
Samwell  George. 
Adrian  Stoughton 
Thomas  Chandler. 
Thomas  James. 
Roger  Pilson. 
Thomas  Locke. 
William  Flinte. 
William  Loveinge. 
George  Rives     . 
William  Singleton 
Thomas  Hussey 
Nicholas  Venables 
Thomas  Brooks. 
Henry  Tymberlake 
Thomas  Harvey 
John  Oxenbridge 
Roger  Hackett  . 
John  Oviatt 
Francis  Smith. 
James  Kinge 
Richard  Masters 
Henry  Whithead 
Walter  Rowte    . 
John  Hungerford 
James  Rives 
Thomas  Barlow 
John  Barlow 
Robert  Napper. 
Richard  Goddard. 


Ad  m.  soc. 


Ad  m.  soc. 


Ad  m.  soc. 

Sch. 

1615. 

Ad  m.  soc. 

» 

» 

» 

>j 

j> 

puer. 

Sch. 

1615 

» 

j> 

» 

» 

Sch. 

1615 

» 

soc. 

Sch. 

1608. 

Ad  m.  soc. 

» 

» 

» 

» 

» 

puer. 
soc. 

puer.  Sch.  1623. 


^  The  Earldom  of  Devon  was  really  dormant  at  this  time. 


ii8 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


1626. 

1628. 
1629. 


1630. 

1633- 
1634. 


1635- 


1637. 


1638. 


1639. 


1640-1. 


John  Gressam  (Gresham) 
Antony  Yalden  . 
William  Leslie  . 
John  Cooper       . 
John  Swaine. 
Thomas  Stempe. 
Henry  Moore,  S.  T.  B. 
Robert  Neile. 
Edmund  Verney 
Compton  Tichborne 
Henry  AUanson 
Richard  RowHson^ 
Edward  Rowlison^ 
George  Windham 
John  Harbin 
Thomas  Robus  . 
Robert  Barber   . 
Richard  Pigeon 
Abel  Makepeace 

Robert  Baynham 

Francis  Young  . 

John  Betts  . 

Michael  Beresford 

Richard  Beresford 
John  Boles 

Robert  Pearce   . 

Henry  Alworth 

Thomas  Beard  . 

Peregrine  Wilcox 

Thomas  Wilcox 

William  Swanton 

John  Worlidge  . 

Richard  Chillingham 

John  Price . 

Owen  Phillips 

James  Wyan 

Lawrence  Cole 

Richard  James 

John  Barton 

John  Willis 

Thomas  Wale 

Thomas  Cole 

Robert  Toop 


Ad  m.  soc. 


Ad  m.  soc. 
„     puer. 


Sch.  1634. 
Sch.  1634. 
Sch.  1635. 


puer.   Sch.  1635. 


» 

Sch.  1635. 

5J 

Sch.  1636. 

» 

Sch.  1636. 

J> 

Sch.  1637. 

» 

>» 

soc. 

puer. 

» 

Sch.  1636. 

>j 

Sch.  1637. 

j> 

Sch.  1637. 

soc. 

puer. 

Sch.  1638. 

j> 

5J 

Sch.  1638. 

» 

Sch.  1638. 

soc. 

puer. 

Sch.  1639. 

)> 

Sch.  1639. 

Sch.  1640. 


*  '  Rowlauson  '  in  Reg.  Sch. 


The  Commoners. 


119 


1640-1    John  Davenant 
John  Selby 
John  Jones 
John  George 
Richard  Jones 
Charles  CHiford 
John  Danvers 
John  Dantsey 
Humphrey  Hyde 
John  Rives 
William  Hyde 
John  Ryves 
John  Swaine 
Edmund  Ryves 
Joseph  Thorowgood 

1642.  Thomas  Ralegh 
Nicholas  Westbrooke 
Charles  Trimnell 
Richard  Lawrence 
Charles  Lawrence 

1643.  Edmund  Clerk  . 
Thomas  Hanbury 
lichard  Glidd    . 
john  Hutton 
Ihomas  Aldridge 

1644.  Eenry   Beeston,  ad 

1658-79. 

Varner  South   . 

Liuncelot  Harwood  . 

Matthew  Ryves 
1646.    Tiomas  Ken,  ad  m.  puer. ; 
Wells. 

^^lliam  Terry  . 

Rchard  GiiTord 

Fancis  Ashley  . 

R:hard  Stanley 

Ctistopher  Minshull 

E<ward  Allanson 
1651.    Coel  Wiseman  ^ 


m.  puer, 


Ad  m 

soc. 

}> 

puer. 

» 

j> 

j> 

» 

Sch. 1642 
Sch. 1641 
Sch. 1640 

„       Sch.  1641. 

» 

„        Sch.  1642. 

„        Sch.  1641. 

j> 
soc. 
puer.   Sch.  1642. 

„        Sch.  1642. 


Sch.  1642. 


soc. 


sch. 


„     puer. 
Sch.  1643. 
Sch.  1644. 
sch.    1644 ;    headmaster, 

Ad.  m.  puer.  Sch.  1644. 

„        „       Sch.  1644. 

„        „       Sch.  1644. 

165 1 ;    Bp.  of  Bath  and 

Ad.  m.  puer.  Sch.  1652. 


Sch.  1653. 
Sch.  1652. 


Sch. 1652. 


'  Fellow  ofCorpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  and  Bishop  of  Dromore.  He 
was  a  son  of  ir  William  Wiseman,  Bart.,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry 
Capel,  Knt.  lis  cousins,  Charles  and  Henry  Capel,  sons  of  Lord  Capcl  of 
Hadeham,  whi  was  beheaded  with  the  Duke  of  Hamilton  and  the  Earl  of 
Holland  in  164-9,  entered  Commoners  with  Capel  Wiseman,  and  left  in  1652, 


120  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

1652.  Thomas  May     .        .        .       .        Ad  m.  puer.   Sch.  1652. 
John  May,  son  of  Thomas  May,  of  Rawmere',  armig. 

Commensalis  extra  Collegium. 

1653.  Christopher  May. 

John  Morley,  son  of  Sir  John  Morley,  K.G.,  Commensalis 

extra  Collegium. 
Thomas  Willbore      .        .        .        Ad  m.  puer. 

1654.  Thomas  Hussey         ...  „     soc.    Gave  305. 
William  Harrison     ...             „     puer.    Gave  105. 

1655.  John  Richards  ...  »        »        Sch.  1655. 
John  Stewkeley,  of  Preshaw,  Hants,  armig. 

No  date.    Francis  Dare      ....        Ad.  m.  puer. 

William  Prater  ....        Sch.  1665.  / 

Samuel  Woodford.  / 

Charles  Luke      ....        qy.  Sch.  1642. 

1669.  Richard  Chandler,  armig.  ad  m.  soc. 

1670.  Francis  Thistlethwayte,  eldest  son  of  Alexander  Thistle- 

thwayte  of  Winterslow,  Wilts,  armig.  ad  m.  soc. 
Robert  Pierrepont,  eldest  son  of  the  Right  Hoi.  Robert 
Pierrepont,  son  and  heir  of  the  Earl  of  Kingston- 
upon-HuU.  / 

No  date.    Edward  Nicholas.  ' 

George  Wither  ....        Ad.  m.  soc. 
George  Vernon ....  »        »    j 

Francis  Stephens      ...  »        »    1  * 

Hugh  Wyndham       ...  »        » 

Thomas  Edmonds  of  Bossington,  armig.  ' 

Francis  Swanton,  qy.  sch.  1715. 
William  Buckeridge,  M.A.,  Fell.  C.  C.  Coll.,  Orford. 

The  last  recorded  instance  of  a  commoner's  entrance  fee 
being  spent  in  books  for  the  College  library  is  thct  of  James 
Harris,  the  diplomatist,  afterwards  Baron  Malmsbury,  who 
left  Commoners  in  September,  1762. 

A  few  more  names  of  early  commoners  are  presrved  in  the 
Bursars'  accounts.  The  'nobiles  et  valentes  peronae,'  who 
sent  their  sons  into  Commoners  did  not  pay  their  sons' 
battels  with  the  same  regularity  as  now.     Arrearsof  this  sort 

giving  *  studii  in  hoc  Collegio  gratissimi  monumentum,'  in  tie  shape  of  a 
donation  ofjC^o,  which  was  spent  in  the  purchase  of  a  silver  cO  now  used  in 
the  Warden's  lodgings,  and  the  works  of  Albertus  Magnus,in  twenty-one 
volumes,  folio. 

'  '  H.M.  natus  Rawmeriae  in  agro  Sussex '  who  is  buried  ^  cloisters  was 
probably  a  commoner  of  this  family. 


The  Commoners.  121 

are  carried  over  from  year  to  year  in  the  Bursars'  accounts, 
often  long  after  they  might  have  been  written  off  as  bad  debts. 
The  following  unpaid    scores    appear    in    the   Computus  of 

1457 : 

5.    a. 

John  Smyth,  42  weeks  in  1404 34    o 

Thomas  Lawrance,  42  weeks  in  1404 28    3 

Henry  Husee,  16  weeks  in  1404 16    o 

John  Asshe,  10  weeks  in  1404 6    8 

John  Bonner  of  Isleworth,  7  weeks  in  1412        .        .        .50 

Henry  Langeforde,  39  weeks  in  1412          .        .        .        .  39    o 

Thomas  Byflete,  40  weeks  in  1413 50    6 

Thomas  Weston,  of  Guildford,  9  weeks  in  1413  .        .        .90 

John  Faukener,  42  weeks 28    o 

Martin  Predyaux  (Prideaux),  24  weeks      .        .        .        .  24    o 

William  Faukener,  16  weeks 16    o 

Thomas  Sandres,  for  the  scholar  who  waited  on  him ', 

59  weeks  at  2</. 9  10 

Thomas  Goldsmyth,  2  weeks 14 

John  Ryngewode,  40  weeks 98 

WiUiam  Dankastell,  9  weeks 80 

John  Pauncefote,  16  weeks no 

Geoffry  Wasyn,  2  weeks 14 

The  following  names  occur  in  a  list  of  bad  debts,  amounting 
to  ;^6i4  17s.  lod.,  which  were  written  off  in  1611. 

1593.  Baron  Chandos,  for  son's  commons,  215, :    Bethell,  for  Paw- 

let's  commons,  275. :  James  Crooke,  for  son's  commons, 
^4  55. :  Edward  Betts,  his  commons,  46s. ;  "Wickham, 
his  commons,  ;^3  25.  6d. 

1594.  Foster,  his  commons,  39s. ;  his  bedstraw,  Qd. 

1598.  Ciampanti,  for  son's  commons,  12s.  6d. :  Heydon  (the  school- 
master), for  the  entrance  fee  of  Thomas  (pro  ingressu 
Thome),  ^^3  \ 

1601.    Heydon,  for  a  commoner  (no  name)  ^  ;^29  85. 

i6io.  *  In  the  hands  of  Dobbins,  late  usher,  for  his  son's  commons, 
235. :  sundries,  3s.  ^\d. :  Harding's  commons,  £^  35.' 

*  The  only  recorded  instance  of  this  species  of  service. 

*  The  Bursars  seem  to  have  thought  that  the  schoolmaster's  son  ought  to 
pay  the  entrance  fee,  and  accordingly  debited  his  father  with  it.  Note,  that 
until  Dr.  Burton  opened  Commoners,  the  College,  and  not  the  schoolmaster, 
got  the  commoners'  entrance  fees. 

'  Heydon's  son,  no  doubt.  Heydon  probably  thought  that  the  schoolmaster's 
son  ought  to  be  boarded  gratis,  and  refused  to  pay  for  his  commons  on  that 
ground. 


122  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

There  was  another  class  of  commoners,  town  boys  or  day- 
boys, as  we  should  call  them  now,  from  the  very  first.  For 
obvious  reasons,  they  are  not  mentioned  in  the  College  accounts, 
and  we  know  very  little  about  them  in  consequence.  The  Sta- 
tutes contain  no  reference  to  day-boys;  but  Wykeham  does 
not  repeat  the  injunction  against  taking  private  pupils,  which  is 
contained  in  his  contract  with  Herton*,  and  it  is  quite  as  likely 
as  not  that  he  intended  to  leave  the  schoolmaster  free  to  take 
day-boys  if  he  pleased.  The  ancient  Cathedral  Grammar 
School,  in  which  Wykeham  is  said  to  have  received  his  early 
education,  had  either  come  to  an  end  by  this  time  or  dwindled 
down  to  a  choir  school.  There  was  evidently  a  local  demand 
for  a  good  day  school  at  the  time  when  Wykeham  became 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  which  he  endeavoured  to  meet,  as  an 
early  biographer  tells  us,  by  admitting  a  number  of  boys  from 
the  city  and  suburbs  to  the  privilege  of  being  educated  along 
with  the  scholars  on  his  new  foundation  ^.  Some  of  these  boys 
may  have  occupied  the  lodgings  which  Wykeham's  scholars  left 
when  they  moved  into  College.  Others  may  have  been  home- 
boarders.  At  any  rate,  their  number  in  the  year  1412,  only 
eight  years  after  Wykeham's  death,  seems  to  have  reached 
eighty  or  a  hundred.  Cardinal  Beaufort  thought  this  number 
too  great,  with  the  addition  of  seventy  scholars  and  ten  extranet, 
for  one  master  to  teach  properly,  and  issued  an  injunction, 
which  I  translate  as  follows : — 

*  Henry,  by  Divine  Permission  Bishop  of  Winchester,  to  our 
beloved  son  John  Morys,  Warden  of  our  College  of  Winchester, 
health,  grace,  and  benediction.  Whereas,  as  we  conceive,  the  Statutes 
of  our  said  College  contain  a  direction  that  seventy  scholars  on  the 
foundation  thereof  and  ten  extranet,  being  sons  of  friends  of  the 
College  (the  latter  at  their  own  expense),  shall  be  maintained  within 
it  for  the  purpose  of  being  instructed  in  grammar  by  a  master  ap- 
pointed from  year  to  year  for  that  purpose :  yet  nevertheless  a  single 
master  (as  we  are  informed)  is  continually  instructing  and  educating 
in  grammar  eighty  or  a  hundred  extranei  in  our  College,  contrary  to 
the  pious  intention  of  the  Founder ;  and  whereas  one  master  is  not 
suflicient  to  instruct  so  large  a  number  of  boys :  We  therefore  com- 

1  P.  2. 

*  Preterea  pueros  eciam  complures  extra  eos  qui  in  Collegium  fuerant  adscripti 
in  urbe  atquc  in  suburbiis  Wintonie,  qui  una  cum  alumnis  suis  in  Collegium  in- 
stituerentur,  suis  sumptibus  aluit.'     Martin's  Life  of  Wykeham,  ii.  3. 


The  Commoners.  123 

mand  you,  under  peril  of  the  canonical  penalties  of  disobedience,  that 
after  the  Feast  of  St.  Michael  next  ensuing,  ye  neither  admit  nor 
allow  to  be  admitted  any  extranet  beyond  the  number  limited  by  the 
Statutes  to  study  (ad  audiendum  ^)  grammar  within  the  College. 

'  Given  at  our  Castle  of  Wolvesey,  the  tenth  day  of  April,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1412,  and  of  our  translation  the  8th.' 

It  is  remarkable  that  the  Cardinal  ignores  the  usher,  and 
regards  the  schoolmaster's  appointment  as  a  yearly  one.  If 
the  schoolmaster  was  really  reappointed  annually  at  that  period, 
of  which  there  is  no  other  evidence,  it  was  no  doubt  in  order 
that  he  might  not  claim  the  vested  interest  which  the  Statutes 
denied  him. 

What  was  the  practical  result  of  the  Cardinal's  fulmination  ? 
The  gist  of  it  was  that,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Cardinal,  one  master 
ought  not  to  attempt  to  teach  so  many  boys.  Pole,  the  school- 
master (1407-14),  may  have  met  the  difficulty  by  dismissing  most 
of  his  day  boys,  or  (which  is  far  more  likely)  by  giving  a  class  to 
the  usher,  or  even  engaging  an  assistant-master.  Whatever  may 
have  been  the  result,  it  is  certain  that  the  day-boys  survived  the 
Cardinal's  manifesto,  whether  in  reduced  numbers  or  not  can 
never  be  known,  and  continued  to  exist  as  a  class  until  Dr. 
Burton  was  able  to  dispense  with  them.  The  two  or  three 
boys  alluded  to  above  as  '  Commensales  extra  Collegium '  were 
not  of  this  class,  but  were  members  of  the  privileged  class  of 
extranet,  who  were  sent,  as  Peregrine  Pickle  was  '^,  with  or  with- 
out a  private  tutor,  to  reside  in  lodgings  near  and  attend  the 
school.  These  eighty  day-boys,  making  with  the  scholars  and 
commoners  a  school  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  boys,  were  doubt- 
less taught  in  cloisters  during  the  summer.  The  old  school-room 
was  just  large  enough  to  hold  them  all  during  the  rest  of  the  year. 

^  The  process  of  teaching  consisted  in  the  master  reading  aloud  the  book 
sentence  by  sentence,  and  the  scholars  repeating  it  after  him,  until  they  all 
knew  it  by  heart.  The  size  of  a  class,  therefore,  given  room  enough,  was  only 
limited  by  the  teacher's  capacity  to  make  himself  heard  and  maintain  order. 

*  See  Smollett's  novel,  and  Adams'  Wykehamica,  p.  113.  Writing  May  8, 
1637,  to  Sir  Edward  Nicholas  touching  his  proposal  to  send  his  son  John  to 
Winchester  School,  Dr.  Matthew  Nicholas  recommends  the  schoolmaster's 
house  as  the  best  place.  *  The  rate  he  takes  of  his  boarders  is  ^20  a  year  .... 
Near  the  College  the  rates  of  tabling  are  very  high,  unless  it  be  in  mean  houses. 
.  .  .  The  master  hath  promised  that  whenever  he  goes  he  shall  be  in  the  Fifth 
Book,  so  that  he  may  be  altogether  under  him  in  teaching '  {Domestic  Stale 
Papers,  ccciv). 


124  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

The  fifteenth  of  Bishop  Home's  injunctions,  issued  in  1571, 
refers  to  the  town  boy,  or  oppidan  class,  by  name  \ 

The  conditions  upon  which  the  site  of  St.  Elizabeth's  College 
was  purchased  in  1544  ^  seem  to  me  to  point  to  the  probability 
of  the  Warden  and  Fellows  having  been  inclined  at  that  period 
to  establish  a  subordinate  school,  so  as  to  fill  the  gap  which 
Henry  VHI  left  by  his  omission  to  found  a  grammar  school  in 
connection  with  the  Cathedral  of  Winchester,  such  as  he 
founded  in  most  other  cathedral  cities.  It  will  appear  pre- 
sently that  Henry  VHI  did  not  establish  such  a  school  at 
Winchester  for  the  reason  that  the  College  was  considered  to 
supply  the  want  of  such  a  school ;  a  reason  which  would 
scarcely  have  commended  itself  to  his  advisers  if  the  College  had 
really  been  doing  no  more  at  that  period  than  educating  seventy 
foundationers  from  all  parts  of  England,  and  ten  extranei. 

An  incident  which  occurred  in  1629  shows  the  importance 
of  the  oppidan  class  at  that  period  in  the  eyes  of  the  school- 
master, Dr.  Stanley. 

The  usher,  John  Imber,  a  young  Fellow  of  New  College, 
aged  twenty-five  or  thereabouts ',  fell  in  love  with  the  widow  of 
a  deceased  citizen  of  Winchester,  threw  up  his  situation, 
married  the  widow,  and  commenced  schoolmaster  on  his  own 
account  in  the  disused  chapel  *  of  St.  John's  Hospital. 

Imber  must  have  taken  most  of  the  day-boys  with  him,  or 
Stanley  would  never  have  done  what  I  proceed  to  describe. 
He  applied  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (Abbot)  to  inhibit 
Imber  from  teaching  Latin.  Imber  was  in  the  wrong,  for  he 
merely  held  a  general  license  to  teach — a  certificate  of  pro- 
ficiency— from  the  Court  of  Faculties,  and  not  the  special 
license  from  the  ordinary  which  the  77th  Canon,  '  None  to  teach 
school  without  license,'  requires.  Stanley's  petition  to  the 
Archbishop  must  be  quoted  here  : — 

*  '  That  every  Fellow,  schoolmaster,  usher,  conduct,  or  servant  of  the  House, 
and  every  oppidan  or  commensal  (as  they  term  them)  '  shall  refrain  from  the 
company  of  excommunicated  persons '  &c. 

^  Post,  ch.  XV. 

'  He  was  admitted  to  College  in  1617,  at  the  age  of  thirteen.  A  letter  of 
James  I,  recommending  him  for  promotion  to  New  College,  bears  date  June  25, 
1 62 1  {Domestic  State  Papers,  cxxxi). 

*  In  1710  this  chapel  began  to  be  used  as  a  free  school,  and  answered  that 
purpose  until  sixty  years  ago,  when  it  was  restored,  and  now  serves  as  a 
chapel  for  the  inmates  of  the  alms-houses  of  the  charity. 


The  Commoners.  125 

*To  the  Most  Reverend  Father  in  God,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
his  Grace,  Primate  of  all  England. 

*  The  Humble  Petition  of  Edward  Stanley,  Schoolmaster  in  the 
College  neare  Winchester  :  Showinge  that  whereas  the  said  Schoole 
of  that  College,  well  knowne  unto  your  Grace,  doth  admitt  for  in- 
struction the  youth  of  all  sorts  in  the  Citie  of  Winton  and  places 
adjoining. 

'  So  it  is,  that  one  John  Imber  (sometime  Usher  of  ye  said  Schoole) 
hath  of  late  upon  a  general  license  granted  out  of  yo'  Grace's  Court 
of  Faculties,  or  from  yo'  Vicar  Generall,  sett  up  and  still  doth 
continue  the  teachinge  of  Grammar  and  Latin  Bookes  within  ye  said 
Citie  to  the  greate  prejudice  and  discouragement  of  the  said  CoUegiat 
Schoole. 

*  May  it  please  yor  Grace  in  yo'  favour  to  ye  said  Schoole  to  grante 
a  revocation  or  restriction  of  the  said  License,  as  also  to  admitt  a 
Caveat  to  be  entered  in  those  yo'  Grace's  Courts,  that  hereafter  in 
all  Licenses  to  be  granted  for  teachinge  of  Grammar  within  the  said 
Diocess  a  limitation  may  be  inserted  y*  they  shall  not  teach  within 
seaven  miles  distant  from  y®  same  College. 

'And  we  shall  (as  otherwise)  be  bound  to  pray  for  yo'  Grace's 
prosperitie.' 

The  Archbishop  made  the  following  order : — 

*I  hold  it  fitt  that  the  faculty  formerly  granted  to  Mr.  Imber  be 
so  interpreted  and  restrayned  that  the  said  Imber  shall  not  teach 
within  five  miles  of  Winchester  ^.' 

The  townspeople  were  not  Hkely  to  submit  without  protest  to 
this  action  of  the  Archbishop  against  a  man  who  had  married 
into  their  community,  and  they  presented  the  following  re- 
monstrance to  his  Grace : — 

'These  are  to  certifye  your  Grace  that  John  Imber,  Master  of 
Arts,  and  somtyme  fellow  of  new  College  in  Oxford,  and  last 
Usher  of  the  College  nere  Winchester,  immediately  on  his  departure 
from  the  College  seated  himself  (being  destitute  of  other  means) 
in  the  Cyty  of  Winchester,  having  married  a  widow  of  one  of  our 
company,  and  hath  for  this  year  and  half  used  great  pains  and 
diligence  in  the  education  and  teaching  of  our  children  both  in 
Learning  and  the  fear  of  God ;  teaching  all  poor  men's  sons  for 
God's  sake  only. 

'Moreover  he  having  allowed  him  for  his  scholehouse  by  the 

*  Cf.  '  Inhibitio  contra  quosdam  ludi  magistros  facta  per  archiepiscopum 
Cantuar,'  who  in  1607  had  set  up  a  school  in  opposition  to  the  curate  of  Great 
Torrington.     Wilkins,  Concilia,  vol.  iv,  p.  430. 


126  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

maior  and  the  aldermen  his  brethren  the  chappell  of  St.  John's 
Hospitall,  which  for  these  many  yeres  tyme  out  of  mind  hath 
ben  voyde  of  the  service  of  God  till  now,  he  hath  at  his  owne  much 
charge  repayred  and  restored  to  its  former  use  being  for  the  glory 
of  God ;  and  dayly  ever  hath  and  doth  at  Seaven  and  F3rve  of  the 
clock  respectively  every  day  duely  and  religiously  read  Common 
Prayer  not  only  to  the  benefit  of  his  schollers  but  also  to  the  much 
advantage  of  many  of  the  neighbours,  especially  to  the  great  comfort 
of  the  poor  old  people,  the  Brethren  and  Sisters  of  the  aforesaid 
Hospitall. 

'  Moreover  these  are  to  certifye  your  Grace  that  ever  from  tyme 
to  tyme  without  all  contradiction  we  have  ben  allowed  Schoolmasters 
that  instructed  our  children  in  Grammar  learning  within  this  City, 
it  being  very  populous  and  full  of  youth,  especially  poor.  And 
therefore  we  humbly  petition  your  Grace  that  of  this  great  benefit, 
to  the  great  prejudice  of  the  education  of  our  youth,  we  may  not 
be  deprived,  which  never  yet  till  now  was  questioned. 

'  Furthermore  these  are  to  certifie  your  Grace  that  the  aforesaid 
John  Imber  hath  allwayes  from  tyme  to  tyme  ever  demeaned  himself 
soe  honestly  and  fayrly  to  all  men  that  for  ought  we  know  or  ever 
heard  he  is  a  man  without  all  exceptions,  eyther  for  his  learning 
or  conditions  of  lyfe.  Which  we  thought  good  to  certifie  your  Grace, 
most  humbly  craving  your  gracious  favour  towards  this  poor  Cyty 
in  allowing  and  licensing  the  said  Mr.  Imber  to  teach  our  children ; 
for  which  your  gracious  clemency  towards  us  both  ourselves  and 
our  children  shall  ever  be  bounde  to  pray  for  your  Grace. 

Lancelot  Thorpe,  deputie  to  Ralph  Riggs,  maior  of  the 

Citie  of  Winchester. 
Thomas  Hodson,  \ 

Richard  Adderley,  ,     ,.         ^  ,  ., , 

Chr  Hussev  I     Justices  of  peace  and  Aldermen 

John  Trussell,  |  ^^  ^he  Citty  of  Winchester. 

Martin  Yalden, 

William  Burte,  Bencher  in  the  Corporation  of  Winchester. 
John  Hayes,  i       Baylyes  of  the  Citty  of  Win- 

Nicholas  Faukener,        /  Chester. 

Thomas  Solter, 


1  homas  bolter,  )       „ 

William  Luke,  I      Benchers. 

William  Hancock,         \ 


Joseph  Butler, 
WiUiam  Flete, 
Matthew  Lidford, 
William  Westcomb, 
Thomas  Finkley, 


Gentlemen  of  the  order  of  the 
24,  and  freemen  of  the  Citty 
of  Winchester.' 


The  Commoners.  127 

The  Archbishop  then  addressed  the  following  letter  to  '  my 
loving  friends  the  Dean  of  the  Cathedral  Church  in  Winton, 
the  Warden  of  the  College  neere  adjoyning,  and  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Diocese  there.* 

*It  is  not  long  since  that  I  was  by  a  petition  moved  from  Mr. 
Stanley  schoolmaster  of  the  CoUedge  neere  Winton  to  take  into 
my  consideration  a  grievance,  offered  unto  him,  as  he  said,  by 
one  Mr.  Imber,  who  teaches  Grammar  SchoUers  in  that  Cittie, 
which  is  supposed  to  be  a  prejudice  unto  the  free  schoole  in 
the  Colledge.  I  gave  an  answer  unto  the  petition,  as  you  may 
see  by  this  inclosed.  For  albeit  that  the  Maister  of  the  Faculties 
under  me,  not  well  advising  what  he  did,  had  granted  a  license 
to  the  said  Imber  to  teach,  and  that  in  my  name,  according  to  the 
stile  of  that  court,  yet  it  was  wholly  without  my  privitie,  and  for 
more  diocesses  than  I  do  use  to  grant,  and  especially  for  Citties 
of  that  note  as  they  be  which  are  comprehended  therein,  and  that 
to  him,  who  was  then  but  a  Batchelor  of  Arts.  And  now  seeing  the 
inconvenience  thereof,  and  what  faction  it  may  raise  in  that  place, 
I  did  think  fitt  to  make  some  stopp  of  the  former  proceeding  till  I 
was  better  satisfied  in  divers  things.  And  I  do  now  remember,  that, 
such  was  the  respect  that  heretofore  was  borne  unto  the  Colledge 
and  Schoole  neere  Winchester,  that  whereas  King  Henry  VIII, 
in  the  new  founding  of  his  cathedral  churches,  did  erect  particular 
Schooles  and  SchoUers  in  other  places,  as  at  Canterbury,  Worcester, 
and  elsewhere,  in  contemplation  of  that  famous  Schoole  at  Win- 
chester, he  did  erect  none  there,  but  left  the  education  of  the  youth 
unto  that  which  was  founded  by  that  worthie  and  Reverend  man. 
Bishop  Wickham.  Yet  since  my  answer  to  the  petition  Mr.  Imber 
hath  been  with  me,  and  besides  his  owne  humble  request,  he  hath 
brought  me  a  certificate  from  many  persons  of  worth  there  inhabiting, 
testifying  that  he  is  an  honest  able  man,  and  that  formerly  there 
have  been  diverse  permitted  to  teach  Grammar  Schooles  in  that 
Cittie.  Wherefore,  for  the  better  settling  of  this  controversie,  I  have 
held  it  reasonable  to  direct  this  my  letter  unto  you,  that  you  should 
call  both  the  Schoolemaister  of  the  Colledge  and  Mr.  Imber  before 
you,  and  hearing  their  reasons  on  both  sides,  you  should  order  the 
matter  as  may  stand  best  with  the  dignity,  worth  and  conveniency 
of  that  place.  When,  notwithstanding,  my  intreatie  unto  you  is, 
that  you  will  privately  advise  with  the  Maior  of  that  Cittie  before  you 
finally  conclude  anything,  that  he  and  the  other  of  that  Corporation 
may  not  only  know  the  course  of  the  proceedings,  but  the  reason 
of  that  which  shalbe  resolved  upon  by  you.  And  if  you  be  not  able 
to  compose  things  quietly  and  fairly,  then  I  pray  you  to  advertise 
me  what  your  opinion  is;    that  by  me  that  may  be  don  which  is 


128  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

fittest  for  the  good  government  of  that  place.  And  so,  praying  God 
to  blesse  you  in  this  and  all  other  your  good  endeavoiirs,  I  leave  you 
to  the  Almighty,  and  remain, 

*  Your  very  loving  frend, 

'  W.  Abbot. 

*  Croydon,  the  19th  August,  1630.' 

It  does  not  appear  how  the  Dean  and  his  colleagues  handled 
the  matter,  but  I  suppose  that  Imber  was  left  alone,  and  con- 
tinued to  teach  his  school  till  1640  \ 

Guy  Dobbins  deserves  to  be  had  in  remembrance,  as  the 
author  of  the  first  step  which  was  taken  towards  improving  the 
commoners'  quarters  within  the  College.  Guy  Dobbins  was 
usher  eleven  years  (1574-85),  under  Bilson  and  Lloyd,  and 
seems  to  have  reduced  himself  to  insolvency  by  building  three 
upstairs  chambers  behind  the  schoolmaster's  chamber  to  lodge 
commoners  in.  These  chambers  may  be  identified  at  a  glance 
as  the  ricketty-looking  erections  of  red  brick  and  tiled  behind 
the  second  master's  lodgings  looking  westwards.  Poor  Dob- 
bins' speculation  proved  a  losing  one.  He  was  unable  to 
pay  back  a  sum  of  ;^40  which  he  had  borrowed  of  the  Warden 
and  Fellows  for  the  purpose  of  his  venture ;  and  in  1596,  or 
shortly  afterwards,  he  gave  up  the  three  rooms  to  Heydon,  the 
schoolmaster,  who  undertook  to  repay  by  yearly  instalments 
what  remained  owing  of  the  £^0,  and  had  the  use  of  the 
rooms  for  his  own  boarders  on  that  condition. 

The  earliest  long  roll  known  to  be  in  existence  is  for  the  year 
1653  '^,  The  earliest  in  the  possession  of  the  College  was  issued 
after  the  election  of  1690,  when  Harris  was  head  master.  It  is 
on  parchment,  headed  as  usual  with  the  College  arms  and 
motto,  and  differs  in  two  or  three  respects  from  long  rolls  of  a 
later  date.  It  gives  the  names  of  the  scholars  first  of  all;  then 
the  names  of  the  choristers,  who  are  divided  into  four  classes,  and 
then  the  names  of  the  commoners,  who  number  seventy,  two  of 
whom  only  were  commensals,  the  rest  being  either  head-master's 
boarders  or  day  boys.     '  Dominus,*  like  *  Mr.*  at  Eton,  denotes 

^  The  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Winchester  presented  Imber  to  the  important 
living  of  Christchurch,  Hants,  in  1640.  He  was  plundered  and  imprisoned 
under  the  Long  Parliament,  and  his  living  was  sequestrated.  But  he  recovered 
it  at  the  Restoration,  and  died  Vicar  of  Christchurch  in  1673. 

*  Holgate,  Winchester  Commoners,  Preface,  p.  ix. 


The  Commoners. 


129 


the  younger  son  of  a  peer.     The  numbers  before  the  names  of 
the  scholars  refer  to  their  respective  chambers. 

'NOMINA  MAG.  PUER.  CHO.  ET  COM.  COLL.  B'«  MAR. 
WINT.  AN.  DO.  1690. 

2  Awbrey,  jun.,  C.  F.  2  Kenn. 

3  Fox,  C.  F  *.  6  Chapman. 
I  Hilman.  2  Christmas. 

4  Tempest.  2  Newlin. 

5  Beeston  *. 

1  Glasse. 

2  Dingley. 

3  Bruges. 

6  Bradshaw '. 

4  Ridge. 

5  Hockett 


NOM.  MAGISTRO- 
RUM. 
Nicholas,  Custos. 

Harris,  Informator. 

Osgood,  Vice  custos. 

Emmes. 

Fiennes,  C.  F. 

Thistlethwaite. 

Cheyney  *,  Burs. 

Young ^ 

Peachman. 

Eyre. 

Thistlethwaite,  Burs. 

Palmer. 

NOM.  CAPELLAN. 
Frampton. 
Carman '. 
Grey. 


Horn,  Paedagogus. 
Reading,  Organista. 

NOM.  PUERO- 
RUM. 

Sexta  Classis. 

1  Woodford,  sen. 

2  Awbrey,  sen.,  C.  F. 
6  Phillips,  sen. 

5  Stanyan. 

3  Sandys,  C.  F. 

4  Garway. 

6  Rawlinson. 


3  Dummer. 
6  Filks 

2  Wootton. 

3  Neell. 

4  Thomas. 

Quinta  Classis. 

2  Cawley,  C.  F. 
I  Frampton. 

I  Beaumont,  C.  F. 
I  Trimnell. 
I  Floyer. 

5  Wentworth. 
5  Parker. 

5  Welham. 

I  Phillips,  medius. 

3  Cobb,  sen. 

6  Edwards,  sen. 
3  Woodford. 

I  Harrison,  jun. 
5  Cheyney. 


Quarta  Classis. 
6  Palmer. 

4  Lee. 

2  Pink. 

5  Sharrock- 
I  Phillips. 
5  Fiennes,  jun. 

4  Stone,  sen. 

5  Lydall. 

3  Cross,  sen. 

5  Bowles. 

4  Stone,  jun. 

3  Dewes. 

4  Kingston. 

6  Eyre. 

1  Somervile,  C.  F '. 
6  Alcock. 

3  Colman. 

5  Beaumont,  C.  F. 

6  AyliflF. 

6  Wallace,  jun. 

2  Walker. 
5  Mill. 

5  Ange. 

3  Jones. 

2  Cuthbert. 

2  Smith, 

3  Cobb,  jun. 


*  Headmaster,  1700-34. 

*  Father  of  author  of  Night  Thoughts. 

'  The  chaplain,  whose  death  young  Needs  predicted. 

*  Joint  Founder  with  Dr.  Burton  of  Fox  and  Burton  Exhibitions. 

*  Son  of  Henry  Beeston,  the  headmaster.  •  Bishop  of  Bristol. 

^  Author  of  The  Chace. 


130 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Secunda  et  Quarta 
Classis. 

I  Edwards,  jun. 


NOM.  CHORIST. 
Sexla  Classis. 
Sone. 
Bernards. 
Gosney. 

Quinta  Classis. 
St.  Barb. 
Horlock. 


Quarta  Classis. 
Ecton  ^ 
Selby. 
Brandis. 
Kingsman. 
Nicholas. 

Secunda  et  Quarta 
Classis. 
Colston. 
Arnold. 
Harris. 
Foster. 
Shorthose. 
Pinkney. 

NOM.  COMMENS 

Sexta  Classis. 
Harris.     ) 
Garee.      J 
Henley. 

Quinta  Classis. 
Bowdler. 
Bray. 
Hale. 

Burscough. 
Battson. 
Pitt. 
Carter. 


Legg 
Pull. 

Acland. 
Crook. 

Harrison,    Commen- 
sal. 
Dowling. 
Long. 

Du  Paizy,  sen. 
Dickins. 
Orchard. 
Perks. 
Chishull. 


Quarta  Classis. 
Barrington. 
Cooper. 

Trimnell,    Commen- 
sal. 
Penton. 
Harcourt,  sen. 
Harcourt,  jun. 
Urrey,  sen. 
Merchant. 
Turner. 
Pescod. 
Urrey,  jun. 
Jackson. 
D^^  Fiennes. 
Burrard. 
Brown. 
White. 
Skinner. 
Du  Paizy,  jun. 
Bilson. 
Campion. 
Carew. 
Acland,  jun. 
Conant. 
Smyth,  sen. 
Garway. 
Garway. 
Rolle,  sen. 

*  John   Ecton,   receiver  of  the  tenths 
Valorutn,  &c.     He  began  as  a  chorister. 


Rolle,  medius. 

Goddard. 

Rowshout. 

Gunter. 

Kerby. 

Green. 

Secunda  et  Quarta 
Classis. 
Pole,  sen. 
Wallace,  jun. 
Pole,  jun. 
Roper. 
Haley. 
Woodford. 
Hyate. 
Pollen. 
Sheldon. 
Hawkins. 
Bridges. 
Fulham. 
Glover. 
Rolle,  jun. 

NOM.  SERVIENT. 
Clarke, 

ClericL 


I    Coqui. 


Promi. 


Box, 
Fitter, 
Pew, 
Soden, 
Seward, 
Clark, 

Slatford,  Piston 
Frost,  Molitor. 
Appleford,  Janitor. 
Cradock,     Dispensa- 
tor. 

HocWey,  jPotifices. 
Gurney,  Hortulanus. 
Lanson,  i  Stabili- 
Howard.    /      arii. 

of  the   clergy  and   author  of  Liber 
See  the  autograph  inscription  in  the 


first  page  of  a  presentation  copy  of  the  Liber  Valorutn,  in  the  College  Library. 


The  Commoners. 


J3' 


AD  OXON. 

Bradshaw. 

Adams. 

Awbrey,  sen. 
Sandys. 
Stanyan. 
Woodford. 

Ridge. 
Hockett. 
Dummer. 
Wootton. 

Cooper. 
P.  Mews. 
Hawkins. 
Hale. 

Beeston. 

Scott 

Harris. 

Phillips. 
Hicks. 

AD  WINTON. 

Penton. 
Perks. 

Rawlinson. 

Somervile. 

Coffin. 

Garway. 
Hilman. 

Smyth. 
Welham. 

Samber. 
Nicholas. 

Dingley. 
Tempest 

Wiseman. 
Dickins. 

Beam. 

Woodford. 

Glasse. 
Filks. 

Hippisley. 
Sparkes. 

Acland. 

FINIS.' 

In  1702,  Cheyney's  second  year  of  office,  there  were  forty- 
nine  commoners. 

In  1725,  Burton's  second  year  of  office,  there  were  fifty-four 
commoners,  and  the  whole  school  was  divided  thus  : — 

Sexta  Classis : — Fifteen  scholars. 

Quintae  Classis  senior  pars : — Fifteen  scholars,  two  commoners. 

„  media  pars  : — Eight  scholars,  five  commoners. 

„  junior  pars : — Nine  scholars,  five  commoners. 

Quartae  Classis  senior  pars : — Four  scholars,  seven  commoners. 

„  media  pars :— Seven  scholars,  eleven  commoners. 

„  junior  pars : — Seven  scholars,  eight  commoners. 

Secunda  et  Quarta  Classis  : — Two  scholars,  sixteen  commoners. 

In  1766,  the  first  year  of  Dr.  Warton,  the  same  classes  and 
divisions  continue,  but  there  were  only  fifty-two  commoners  : — 

Sexta  Classis  : — Eighteen  scholars,  one  commoner. 

Quintae  Classis  senior  pars :— Sixteen  scholars,  seven  commoners. 

„  media  pars : — Nine  scholars,  eleven  commoners. 

Quartae  Classis  senior  pars : — Eight  scholars,  eleven  commoners, 

„  media  pars :— Two  scholars,  six  commoners. 

„  junior  pars  : — Three  scholars,  seven  commoners. 

Secunda  et  Quarta  Classis  : — Nine  commoners. 

In  1793,  Dr.  Warton's  last  year,  the  number  was  fifty- 
seven  : — 

Sexta  Classis : — Twelve  scholars,  two  commoners. 

Quintae  Classis  senior  pars  :— Fourteen  scholars,  six  commoners. 

K  2 


132  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Quintae  Classis  media    pars  : — Thirteen    scholars,    eleven    com- 
moners. 

„  junior  pars : — Eight  scholars,  eight  commoners. 

Quartae  Classis  senior  pars :— Seven  scholars,  four  commoners. 

„  media  pars : — Six  scholars,  seven  commoners. 

„  junior  pars : — Eight  scholars,  three  commoners. 

Secunda  et  Quarta  Classis : — Sixteen  commoners. 

Dr.  Goddard,  coming  after  Dr.  Warton,  soon  raised  the 
numbers.     In  1810,  the  first  year  of  Dr.  Gabell,  they  were : — 

Sexta  Classis  : — Eighteen  scholars,  ten  commoners. 
Quintae  Classis  senior  pars : — Ten  scholars,  twenty-six  commoners. 
„  media  pars : — Nine  scholars,  eighteen  commoners. 

„  junior  pars:— Eleven  scholars,  thirty-three  com- 

moners. 
Quartae  Classis  senior  pars : — Eighteen  scholars,  thirty-one  com- 
moners. 
„  media  pars  :— Three  scholars,  thirteen  commoners. 

„  junior  pars : — One  scholar,  five  commoners. 

Total,  seventy  scholars,  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  com- 
moners. The  number  of  commoners  varied  little  under  Dr. 
Gabell.  There  were  137  in  1824,  the  first  year  of  Dr.  Williams. 
At  Election,  1836,  Dr.  Moberly's  first  year,  there  were  124.  At 
Election,  1867,  his  last  year,  there  were  173.  At  Easter  1884, 
Dr.  Ridding  left  behind  him  337  commoners.  The  number  has 
slightly  increased  since  then. 

Dr.  Burton  (1724-66),  who  did  so  much  for  the  commoners 
as  to  entitle  him  to  the  fame  of  their  second  founder,  began 
his  great  work  in  1727  by  converting  Watson's  domus  pro 
aisiamento  sociorum  into  a  dormitory,  and  removing  to  it  the 
Commensales  from  the  chamber  over  Fifth,  which  was 
appropriated  thenceforth  to  the  use  of  the  Headmaster  and  his 
young  gentlemen.  He  then  induced  the  usher,  Dr.  Eyre,  to 
remove  to  the  house  into  which  the  old  Susten  Chapel  had  been 
converted,  *  Wickham's,'  as  it  was  afterwards  called,  and  open  it 
as  a  sort  of  auxiliary  boarding-house  \ — a  purpose  which  it  had  in 
all  probability  served  more  or  less  ever  since  the  dissolution — so 
that  after  the  end  of  1727  Dr.  Burton  had  the  chambers  over 

*  The  usher  returned  to  College  after  old  Commoners  was  built,  and  resided 
where  the  second  master  resides  now.  The  *  domus  pro  aisiamento  sociorum  * 
was  restored  to  its  original  use  in  1785. 


The  Commoners.  133 

Fifth,  Sixth,  and  Seventh  (the  choristers'  chamber  behind  Sixth), 
Dobbins'  three  rooms,  and  the  present  Fellows'  Common-Room, 
for  the  use  of  himself  and  his  boarders.  The  Warden  and 
Fellows  seem  to  have  acquiesced  in  these  arrangements ; 
taking,  however,  the  precaution  of  ascertaining  that  the  beer 
which  was  brewed  in  College  would  not  be  taxed  if  it  was 
supplied  to  Dr.  Burton's  young  gentlemen  \ 

Dr.  Burton  did  not  long  remain  content  with  his  boarding- 
house    in    College.       He    proceeded  to   found    Commoners. 

*  Commoners'  College '  his  contemporaries  styled  it.  The 
Sustern  Spital  has  been  alluded  to".  The  chapel  of  that 
ancient  foundation  stood  on  the  eastern  portion  of  the  site 
of  the  Headmaster's  house  in  College  Street,  abutting  on  the 
north-western  corner  of  the  outer  Court  of  the  College.     The 

*  House  of  the  Sisters '  stood  nearly  on  the  site  of  the  Moberly 
Library.  The  Sisters  were  turned  out  of  doors  under  Henry 
VHI,  and  in  1539  the  site  and  precincts  of  their  former  abode 
became  a  part  of  the  endowment  of  the  new  Capitular  Body. 
The  Dean  and  Chapter  let  the  hospital  and  the  chapel  on 
separate  leases  for  terms  of  thirty  years,  renewable  every  tenth 
year  on  payment  of  a  fine  or  premium.  Adams  {Wykehamica, 
page  465),  gives  a  list  of  the  lessees,  some  of  the  first  of  whom 
were  evidently  connected  with  the  College.  Burton  bought 
both  leases,  and  sunk  much  money  of  his  own  in  permanent 
improvements,  erecting  a  house  of  red  brick  for  his  own  occu- 
pation at  the  west  end  of  the  chapel '  with  a  front  to  College 
Street,  and  connecting  it  with  the  Cistern  House  by  a  gallery 

'  This  is  the  case  which  they  submitted  to  Philip  Yorke,  afterwards  Lord 
Chancellor  Hardwicke,  and  his  opinion : — 

Case. 

'The  Warden,  schoolmaster,  fellows  and  children  of  Winchester  College 
have  their  small  beer  from  one  common  brewhouse.  The  schoolmaster  proposes 
to  receive  some  young  gentlemen  into  his  lodgings  as  boarders. 

'Q.  Whether  the  admission  of  these  young  gentlemen  into  the  College  to 
reside  and  diet  there  will  subject  the  College  brewhouse  to  the  excise  I 

'  Answer.  "  I  conceive  that  the  schoolmaster's  receiving  young  gentlemen  into 
his  lodgings  as  boarders  in  order  to  their  education  will  not  subject  the  College 
brewhouse  to  the  duties  of  excise." 

'  Sept.  27,  1727.'  •  P.  Yorke.' 

•  Chapter  II. 

'  Which  was  called  the  Cistern  Chapel  in  his  time,  the  meaning  of  the  word 
Sustern  having  been  forgotten. 


134  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

called  afterwards  Cloister  Gallery.  He  also  built  a  dining- 
hall  at  the  back  of  the  Cistern  House.  The  space  enclosed  by 
the  Cistern  Chapel,  or  '  Wickham's,'  and  Dr.  Burton's  house  on 
the  north,  the  back  of  the  College  stables  on  the  east,  the 
Cistern  House  on  the  south,  and  Cloister  Gallery  on  the  west 
was  termed  Commoners'  Court,  and  the  whole  concern  was  known 
as  '  Commoners.'  There  is  a  full  description  of '  Old  Com- 
moners '  as  it  was  in  1838,  in  Adams'  Wykehamica,  Chapter 
Xn.  Day-boys  ceased  to  be  received  after  Dr.  Burton 
completed  his  great  work.  Yet  he  never  got,  and  probably 
never  expected  to  get,  boarders  enough  to  compensate  him  for 
his  outlay.  He  was  content  to  lay  the  foundation  of  that  success 
which  the  school  has  attained  in  consequence  of  his  operations, 
without  looking  to  pecuniary  reward.  Having  created  Old 
Commoners,  he  gave  it  to  the  College  by  will  in  1774.  The 
bequest  proved  void,  but  had  effect  given  to  it  by  Mr.  John 
Smyth,  the  residuary  legatee.  Dr.  Burton  also  bequeathed  to 
the  College  a  valuable  collection  of  books  and  a  number  of 
portraits  of  his  gentlemen  commoners,  with  a  direction  that 
their  portraits  should  hang  in  the  schoolmaster's  great  room — 
the  room  now  used  by  the  Second  Master  as  a  dining  room,  in 
which  they  now  hang\  The  Warden  and  Fellows  regarded 
themselves  as  trustees  of  Old  Commoners  for  successive  Head- 
masters, they  having  the  beneficial  interest.  Dr.  Burton's  red 
brick  house,  and  the  rest  of  the  site  of  Old  Commoners,  descended 
in  this  way  from  Dr.  Burton  to  Dr.  Warton,  and  from  Dr.  Warton 
to  Dr.  Goddard.  In  the  year  1808  Dr.  Goddard  renewed  the  lease 
of  Wickham's  and  enfranchised  it, — that  is  to  say,  bought  the 
reversion  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  and  made  it  his  own  free- 
hold. A  year  afterwards,  on  resigning  the  Headmastership, 
he  sold  the  whole  property,  Wickham's  and  the  lease  of  the 
Sustern  Spital,  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows  for  the  sum  of 
£963  16s.  lod.  After  spending  £208  in  repairs,  the  Warden 
and  Fellows  let  the  premises  to  Dr.  Gabell  on  a  repairing  lease 
at  the  rent  of  £60  per  annum. 

*  It  was  Dr.  Burton's  practice  to  accept  the  portraits  of  his  more  distinguished 
pupils  when  they  quitted  school,  in  lieu  of  leaving  money.  If  his  successors 
had  followed  the  same  course,  the  Headmaster  would  have  an  interesting  portrait 
gallery  now.  Many  old  Etonians  remember  the  Rev.  Edward  Coleridge  s 
collection  of  portraits  of  his  old  pupils,  chiefly  by  Richmond,  which  he  acquired 
in  this  manner. 


The  Commoners.  135 

In  the  year  1838  Warden  Barter  obtained  the  freehold  of 
the  Sustern  Spital  portion  of  Old  Commoners  from  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  through  the  medium  of  an  exchange.  A 
quantity  of  valuable  property  was  made  over  to  that  body, 
and  £613  95.  lid.  was  spent  out  of  the  College  chest  in  obtain- 
ing the  private  Act  of  Parliament  which  was  necessary  to 
confirm  the  exchange,  and  in  paying  the  lawyers  and  surveyors 
employed  on  both  sides.  Such  a  sacrifice  never  would  have 
been  made  but  in  view  of  an  important  step  which  was  then  in 
contemplation.  This  was  the  rebuilding  of  Commoners,  Dr. 
Moberly's  object.  Repton,  the  architect,  was  consulted.  Old 
Commoners  was  pulled  down,  and  between  the  years  1839  and 
1843  New  Commoners  was  built,  partly  by  subscriptions  on  the 
part  of  Dr.  Moberly  and  others  ^,  but  chiefly  at  the  cost  of  the 
Warden  and  Fellows,  who  contributed  as  a  body  no  less  a 
sum  than  £17,739  os.  ^d.  to  the  building  fund  during  the  pro- 
gress of  the  work.  Thus  went  the  greater  part  of  the  *  timber 
money,*  a  fund  arising  from  Warden  Huntingford's  policy 
of  investing  the  produce  of  the  large  falls  of  timber  which  took 
place  on  the  College  estates  during  the  French  war. 

It  must  be  confessed  that  New  Commoners  did  not  give 
satisfaction.  Cases  of  typhoid  fever  sometimes  occurred  in  it ; 
and  it  was  a  great  day  for  the  school  when  the  Rev.  Henry 
John  Wickham  opened  the  first  boarding-house  in  September 
i860.  The  Rev.  H.  E.  Moberly  opened  a  second  early  in  1861. 
Other  houses  followed ;  and  in  1868-9  I^^.  Ridding  removed 
the  boys  from  New  Commoners  to  the  four  Commoner 
houses  (as  they  are  called)  which  had  been  built  in  Culver's 
Close  on  land  acquired  by  Dr.  Ridding  at  his  own  expense 
with  that  object.  There  are  now  nine  boarding-houses — the 
statutes  of  the  Governing  Body  provide  that  there  may  be  ten 
— kept  by  the  Rev.  J.  T.  H.  Du  Boulay,  F.  Morshead,  Esq., 
the  Rev.  C.  H.  Hawkins,  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Bramston,  E.  J.  Turner, 
Esq.,  A.  J.  Toye,  Esq.,  Theodore  Kensington,  E^q.,  C.  B. 
Phillips,  Esq.,  and  the  Rev.  W.  P.  Smith  *.  The  dormitories 
vacated  by  the  boys  were  turned  into  class-rooms,  Mr.  Butter- 

*  Amongst  whom  were  Dr.  Williams,  Bishop  Wordsworth,  Lord  Eldon,  and 
Sir  William  Hcathcote.    The  total  cost  is  believed  to  have  exceeded  ;^as,ooOk 
'  These  names  are  in  order  of  appointment. 


13^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

field  being  the  architect  employed.  The  North  Gallery  became 
the  school  library,  and  was  called  the  Moberly  Library,  as  a 
memorial  of  Bishop  Moberly's  headmastership,  during  which 
the  change  to  the  present  boarding-house  system  began. 
Underneath  it  is  a  Common  Room  for  the  assistant  masters, 
and  another  for  the  prefects.  More  than  £4400  was  expended 
on  these  alterations  of  the  fabric  of  New  Commoners.  Within 
the  last  few  years  more  class-rooms  have  been  built  on  the  site 
of  Commoners'  brewhouse,  and  departments  have  been  pro- 
vided for  the  instructors  in  natural  science  and  chemistry. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Warden  Morys  (a.d.  1393-1413). 

Computus  Rolls. — School  Holidays. — Accounts  for  1395-6. — Chapel  and 
cloisters  consecrated. — Simon  Bishop  of  Achonry. — Servants  in  1394. — First 
Fellows. — Service  books. — Prices  in  1398. — Flanders  Tiles. — Boundary  walL — 
First  Progress. — Bishopstoke  Pension. — Visit  of  Henry  IV. — Completion  of 
Outer  Court. — Non  Licet  Gate. — A  crisis. — Appeal  to  Wykeham. — Cost  of 
Fabric. — Bishop  Beckington. — Chancel  at  Harmondsworth. — Wykeham's  gifts 
of  books,  vestments,  and  plate. — His  will,  death,  and  obit. — Archbishop  Arundel's 
Injunctions. — Expected  French  Invasion. — Andrew  Hulse. — His  chantry. — 
Hospitality  in  1410. — Servants  in  1411. — Hamble  Corrody. — Prices  in  1413. 
— Inventory  of  that  year. — Death  of  Morys. 

From  the  opening  day  in  1393  (March  28)  \  we  have  a  nearly 
unbroken  series  of  computus  rolls  on  which  to  rely  for  infor- 
mation about  the  domestic  concerns  of  the  College.  These 
rolls  continue,  with  a  gap  here  and  there,  down  to  the  year  1560, 
when  the  accounts  began  to  be  kept  in  paper  books.  Latin  was 
the  language  used  until  the  year  1776.  Morys  kept  the 
accounts  until  Christmas,  1398,  when  Bosham'^  and  Lechlade, 
the  first  Bursars,  relieved  him  of  the  task.  The  first  roll  covers 
the  space  of  twenty-six  weeks,  ending  at  Michaelmas,  1393. 
Every  roll  after  that,  with  the  exception  of  one  at  the  close  of 
Warden  Morys'  book-keeping,  covers  the  space  of  fifty-two 
weeks,  ending  at  Michaelmas,  the  season  at  which  the  rents 
came  in  and  the  accounts  were  made  up  and  audited.  The  rolls 

'  This  on  the  authority  of  Heete :  '  Cujus  quidem  custodis  .  .  .  ingressus 
primus  ad  inibi  habitandum  fuit,'  &c.,  ante  p.  31. 

'  Bosham  was  one  of  the  stuerdotes  mentioned  below,  and  not  a  foundation 
fellow.  I  am  inclined  to  identify  Lechlade  with  Lemmanesworth,  one  of  the 
first  batch  of  fellows. 


138  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

are  about  twelve  inches  wide,  and  from  ten  to  twenty  feet 
in  length.  They  are  written  within  and  without  in  a  clerkly 
hand,  well  worth  the  65.  %d.  which  the  writer  had  for  his 
reward.  The  language  may  be  called  Bursar's  Latin,  with  a 
free  admixture  of  English  nouns  substantive,  generally  intro- 
duced by  the  Norman  article  le  or  ly  \  The  title  of  each  roll 
gives  the  period  which  it  covers  and  the  names  of  the  Bursars 
for  the  time  being.  A  '  staurus,'  or  column  of  estates,  follows, 
with  the  amount  received  from  each  estate  opposite  to  its  name. 
Other  sources  of  income  follow,  such  as  legacies,  excrescentia 
comunarum,  or  savings  from  the  sums  allowed  for  commons 
when  the  price  of  provisions  was  lower  than  usual ;  exitus 
hospitii,  or  profits  in  the  kitchen,  pantry,  and  brewhouse ;  and 
oblations.  The  sumtna  omnium  receptorum  for  the  first  half 
year  was  £441  los.  id.,  but  this  included  a  sum  of  £110  advanced 
by  Wykeham  through  Simon  Membury,  his  treasurer,  on 
account  of  buildings  in  progress.  Below  is  a  weekly  account, 
totalled  quarterly,  of  the  allowance  for  commons,  which  varied, 
of  course,  from  week  to  week  according  to  the  number  in 
commons,  which  was  vouched  by  the  weekly  book  of  the 
Seneschal  of  the  Hall.  The  number  of  scholars  in  commons 
during  the  half  year  ending  at  Michaelmas,  1393,  varies 
from  seventy  to  sixty-five,  except  in  the  week  beginning  on 
Saturday,  July  7,  which  was  probably  a  'leave-out'  week,  inas- 
much as  only  forty-seven  boys  were  in  commons  during  it  ^, 

^  Thus,  *  Sol.  pro  emendando  ly  tinderbox/  is  '  paid  for  mending  the  tinder- 
box.* 

*  The  present  system  of  holidays,  under  which  most  public  schools  are  closed 
thrice  a  year,  for  periods  amounting  altogether  to  about  a  quarter  of  the  year, 
cannot  be  traced  far  back.  At  Winchester,  duiing  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries,  there  seems  to  have  been  no  more  than  an  optional  exeat  or  leave-out 
of  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks'  duration  twice  a  year,  one  about  Whitsuntide,  the 
other  after  the  annual  supervision,  which  might  take  place  any  time  between 
July  7  and  October  i,and  usually  took  place  in  August  or  September,  according 
to  the  discretion  of  the  Warden  of  New  College.  During  these  intervals  of 
relaxation  some  boys  remained  behind,  having  no  place  to  go  to,  we  may 
suppose,  or  means  of  living  elsewhere  ;  and  the  schoolmaster  and  usher  absented 
themselves,  turn  and  turn  about.  In  1509  the  last  two  weeks  of  August  and 
the  whole  of  September  was  a  leave-out  period — an  unusually  long  one,  due 
perhaps  to  some  epidemic  or  sickness.  Only  one  scholar  was  in  commons 
during  the  last  week  of  August,  and  only  six  or  seven  during  the  last  fortnight 
of  September.  On  the  other  hand,  in  1517,  when  Erlisman  was  schoolmaster, 
and  Simon  Rawlyns  was  usher,  there  was  no  exeat  at  all.     In  the  following 


Warden  Morys.  139 

Below  this  is  a  summary  of  the  expenses  (custus)  under 
different  heads,  such  as  custus  capellae,  custus  aulae,  &c. ; 
then  the  stipendia  et  porciones  of  the  Warden,  schoolmaster,  and 
others ;  and  lastly,  the  servants'  wages.  I  subjoin  a  summary 
of  the  'computus  of  Master  John  Morys,  Warden  of  St.  Mary 
College  of  Winchester,  from  the  Saturday  next  before  St. 
Michael's  Day,  in  the  19th  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Richard 
II.  (1395-6)  to  the  same  day  in  the  following  year  ' — by  way  of 
illustration : — 

Receipts.  £    s.    d. 

Arrears^ 192  13    2 

Downton  Rectory,  by  Robert  Buset,  farmer  .  .  96  6  11 
Coombe  Bisset,  by  Nicholas  Aas,  provost  .  .  .  23  14  o 
Wyndesore  (Eling),  by  Richard  Hase,  Serjeant  ,  .  21  o  o 
Hamele  (Hamble),  by  John  Courtney,  farmer      .        .        13    6    8 

Ditto,  by  John  Wayte 068 

Wordelham  (WestWorldham)  chapel,  byjohn  Romesye, 

farmer 100 

Meonstoke  Ferraunt,  by  John  Freman,  provost  .  .  12  14  o 
Meonstoke  Ferrers,  by  Thomas  Colyng,  provost  .        19  10    9 

Roppeley  (Ropley),  by  Thomas  Knyght,  serjeant.  .  23  o  7 
Andwell,  by  John  Meneslyn,  farmer  .  .  .  .  8  6  8 
Harmondsworth,  by  John  Laner,  serjeant    .        .        .        44  13  10 

Hampton-on-Thames nil    .    . 

Isleworth,   by  Thomas    Harlton,    executor  of  John 

Kyng,  late  provost 12    o    o 

Heston  Rectory,  by  Richard  Sevenes,  farmer  .  .  30  10  o 
Seyntecros    (St.    Cross,    Carisbrooke),    by    Thomas 

Tredynton,  farmer 6  13    4 

Mersshton  (South  Merston,  Wilts),  by  Robert  Grandon, 

farmer,  three  years 3  10    o 

Manyngford  Breose,  by  John  Mershmull,  two  years    .  i  18    o 

Allington,  by  Thomas  Hoggebyn 060 

Tyttelye  (Titley),  by  Prior  of  Lantony,  for  pension  out 

of  Kington  Rectory,  two  years        .        .        .        .         300 
Bradford  Peverel  Rectory,  by  William  Mede,  farmer  i  10    o 

Exitus  hospitii,  by  the  cook     ......         2  10    8 

;^5i8  II    3 

year  the  exeat  occurred  in  the  first  three  weeks  of  September,  and  during  the 
first  of  those  weeks,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  College,  no  scholar 
was  in  residence. 

^  It  is  obvious  that  when  a  rent  account  closes  at  Michaelmas,  as  this  did,  the 
amount  of  arrears  must  be  considerable. 


I40  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Expenses.  £  s.  d. 
Weekly  commons :  warden,  zs. ;  magister  scolae, 
fellows  and  chaplains,  i3</.  each  ;  hostiarius,  izd. ; 
lay  clerks,  lo^.  each ;  scholars,  Qd.  each ;  eight 
valetti,  lod.  each ;  five  garciones,  8d.  each ;  six- 
teen choristers,  6d.  each 204  13    6 

Extra  commons 2  14    4 

Pantry  :  Linen  and  mats 7  13    4 

Brewhouse  and  bakehouse 020 

Kitchen  :    Pair  of  bellows,  stone  mortar,  apron  cloth, 

pots  and  pans  mended,  &c 092 

Stable :   Oats,  sod.  per  quarter,  new  hay,  saddle  and 

bridle  for  the  summoner^,  &c.  .        .        .        .        11  12    3 

Garden:    Onion  seed,  garlic,  &c o    2  11 

Chapel :    Bread,  wine,  oil,  wax,  vestments,  and  books 

mended 907 

Stipends :  Warden 20    o    o 

Fellows,  Thomas  Turke  ^ 5  13    4 

Schoolmaster  and  usher 13    6    8 

Chaplains  and  lay  clerks 32    5    o 

Mats  for  school  room 028 

Seneschal  of  the  manors .  400 

Servants 920 

Founder's  kin  :  Clothes,  &c.,  for  Thomas  and  Reginald 

Warenner 200 

Necessaria :  Parchment,  paper,  &c 074 

Election  of  scholars :  Vice-Warden  of  New  College, 
Sept.  25-29,  1394,  and  Warden  of  New  College 
(Malford),  with  John  Wykeham  and  Philip  Hullyn 

the  Posers,  Sept.  25-29, 1395 2  17    7 

Livery 38  11  11 

Warden  riding  to  London  by  way  of  Harmondsworth, 
and  other  journeys  on  College  business  with  the 
Seneschal ;  and  a  chaplain  and  lay  clerk  to  Salis- 
bury and  back  to  collate  a  gradual  (book  containing 
the  musical  portions  of  the  mass)     .        .        .        .  838 

Commons  of  sick  scholars  :  John  Cricklade,  sixteen 
weeks ;  John  Alton ',  three  weeks,  John  Wylthorp, 

eight  weeks .  o  19    8 

Buildings  in  progress       .        .        .        .        .        .        .        24  11    2 

Total ^398    9    I 

^  One  who  rode  round  to  '  warn  '  or  give  notice  of  the  days  of  holding  the 
manorial  courts. 

*  The  only  Fellow  at  this  time.  The  13s.  ^d.  is  added  for  his  stipend  as  Vice- 
Warden. 

^  This  name  does  not  occur  in  the  Register.  I  identify  him  with  John 
Monter  of  Alton,  who  died  May  23,  1399. 


Warden  Morys.  141 

I   s.  d. 

In  hand : — Provisions 58  19    o 

Cash  (denarii) 121    8    o 

;^i8o    7    o 

It  has  been  already  stated  that  on  the  opening  day  the 
Society  consisted  of  a  Warden,  two  masters,  seventy  scholars, 
and  a  lay  clerk,  named  Hende.  A  second  lay  clerk,  named 
Twyforde,  joined  him  in  the  fifth  week.  Four  priests  (sacer- 
dotes),  whose  position  is  not  defined,  but  may  have  been  defined 
in  a  former  draft  of  the  Statutes,  made  their  appearance  in  the 
fifth  week,  and  another  joined  them  in  the  sixth  week.  Three 
of  these  priests  received  stipends  of  75s.  each  for  the  six 
months,  the  other  two  were  non-stipendiary.  All  had  their 
commons  after  the  rate  subsequently  allowed  for  the  Fellows, 
whose  precursors  they  undoubtedly  were.  By  the  year  1397 
there  were  nine  or  ten  of  them  with  stipends  of  53s.  \d.  each. 
Soon  after  the  admission  of  foundation  Fellows,  they  disappear 
from  the  scene. 

Further  down  the  first  roll  for  1393  are  entries,  importing  that 
Hall  and  pantry  were  stocked  with  napery  for  50s.,  and  235.  6d. 
was  laid  out  on  kitchen  utensils.  The  Warden  gave  46s.  yi.  for 
a  horse  at  Reading,  and  John  Kyng,  the  porter,  was  allowed  \6d. 
for  bringing  it  home.  A  gray  horse  for  the  Warden's  man  was 
bought  of  William  Wygge,  for  25s.  Two  years  later  a  pad  nag 
(equus  ambulatorius)  for  the  Warden  cost  50s.,  and  a  black 
horse  for  his  man  cost  46s.  8rf.  Oats  were  3</,  per  bushel,  and 
old  hay  was  45.  dd.  per  load. 

The  roll  for  1394  is  missing.  The  chief  event  of  the  follow- 
ing year  was  the  consecration  of  the  chapel,  graveyard,  and 
cloisters.  Wykeham  issued  a  commission,  dated  July  7,  1395  ^, 
to  Simon,  Bishop  of  Achonry,  in  Ireland ',  empowering  him  to 

*  A  namesake  (possibly  the  same  man)  supplied  the  Warden's  and  Chap- 
lains' livery  in  1393  and  was  Mayor  of  Winchester  in  1399-1400.  Richard 
Wygge  (adm.  1393)  may  have  been  a  son  of  his. 

*  Appendix  XIV. 

'  This  prelate  was  a  native  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  His  will,  which  was  proved 
March  27,  1398,  is  in  the  following  words : — '  In  Dei  nomine  amen,  xiiij"  die 
mens.  Feb.  a.d.  mcccxcvij.  Ego  Simon  Accadensis  Episcopus  condo  testa- 
mentum  meum  in  hunc  modum.  Imprimis  lego  animam  mcam  deo  et  corpus 
mcum  ad  sepeliendum  in  capella  B.  Mariac  infra  monasterium  de  Quarrera. 


142  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

consecrate  them.  The  Bishop  discharged  his  office  on  Satur- 
day, December  13,  1395,  being  St.  Kenelm's  day.  His  visit  to 
the  College  lasted  five  days,  during  which  open  house  seems  to 
have  been  kept\  The  Scotch  and  Irish  Bishops  appear  to 
have  acted  as  suffragans  to  home  Bishops  at  that  period  as 
much  as  colonial  Bishops  do  now.  A  Scotch  Bishop  (Dunkeld) 
consecrated  the  graveyard  and  cloisters  of  New  College,  an 
Irish  Bishop  (John,  Bishop  of  Ardfert)  consecrated  the  chapel 
of  Andwell  Priory  under  a  commission  from  Peter  de  Rupibus 
(Bishop  of  Winchester,  a.  d.  1204-1238) ;  and  another  Irish 
Bishop  (Henry,  Bishop  of  Annadown)  consecrated  the  chancel 
of  Farnham  and  a  new  altar  there  on  June  24,  1399. 

The  following  list  of  servants,  with  their  yearly  wages,  is 
taken  from  the  roll  of  1395  : —  £  5.   d. 

John  Kyng,  porter i  13    4 

Walter  Cok,  cook  and  caterer 168 

William  Boteler,  butler 100 

John  GryfFyth,  warden's  man 100 

John  Baker,  warden's  groom o  13    4 

William  Cok,  under-cook o  13    4 

Laundress o  13    4 

Barber o  13    4 

Garcio  coquinae  (cook  boy) 068 

In  1396  a  gardener  (ortolanus),  and   a  carter  (carectarius) 

Item  lego  Stephano  Monacho  dicti  monasterii  vj'  viij"!.  Item  lego  ad  distribuen- 
dum  inter  monachos  eiusdem  monasterii  ad  orandum  pro  anima  mea  liij»  iiij''. 
Item  lego  M"""  Nicolas  unam  zonam  de  serico  stipatam  cum  argento  deaurato. 
Item  lego  DnO  Roberto,  Rectori  de  Arreton  xl».  Item  lego  Michaeli  famulo 
meo  x'.  Item  lego  Nicolao  cognato  meo  xx'.  Et  quicquid  residuum  fuerit  de 
bonis  meis  non  legatis  do  etiam  et  lego  executoribus  meis  ut  ipsi  ordinent  et 
disponant  pro  anima  mea.  Et  ad  istud  testamentum  expediendum  et  in 
omnibus  fideliter  exequendum  meos  ordine  et  constituo  executores  Dnm  Rober- 
tum  Wantyngge  rectorem  ecclesiae  de  Arreton  et  magistrum  Nicolaum  Burgh, 
rectorem  ecclesiae  de  Nyton.' 

'  '  In  exp.  suffraganei  Dni  EpT  Wynton,  existentis  in  Collegio  cum  familia  et 
equis  suis  per  v  dies  tempore  consecracionis  capelle  et  cimeterii  et  claustri  die 
Sabbati  in  festo  Sti  Kenelmi,  una  cum  expensis  aliorum  superveniencium  per 
vices,  et  pro  die  principali  confeccionis  specialiter  invitatorum,  una  cum  donis 
datis  diversis  de  familia  p'dicti  suffraganei,  xlix*  v^  ...  in  candelis  empt. 
de  candelario  pro  consecracione  altarium  continentibus  j  lib.  viij"^  .  .  .  et  in 
oleo  empto  pro  consecracione  altarium,  et  vino  filo  et  stipula  pro  eodem  negocio, 
viij*.' 


Warden  Morys.  143 

make  their  appearance  with  wages  of  13s.  4^.  each.  And  from 
and  after  Lady  Day  1397,  when  the  bakehouse  was  ready  for 
use,  there  is  a  baker  with  his  man  on  the  list,  drawing  33s.  ^d. 
yearly.  About  this  time  a  steward  of  the  manors  (senescallus 
terrarum)  begins  to  be  borne  on  the  books,  with  a  stipend  at 
first  of  £4,  and  then  of  £5  per  ann.  William  Pole,  the  first 
steward  of  the  manors,  was  perhaps  the  father  of  John  Pole,  the 
schoolmaster  who  succeeded  Romesye  in  1407. 

The  first  socii  perpetui,  or  foundation  fellows,  were  admitted 
26  November,  1397.  The  Register  of  Fellows'  admissions  in 
the  Vetus  Registrum  commences  with  their  names: — John 
Crudeshale,  John  Dyrley,  John  More,  John  Hende,  and  Robert 
Lemmanesworth.  It  has  been  surmised  ^  that  there  were 
Fellows  from  the  first,  because  Heete  mentions  them^  But 
Heete  was  thinking  of  the  corporate  body  and  not  of  the 
individuals  who  composed  it  on  the  opening  day.  Similarly 
Morys,  in  his  computus  for  the  first  half  year,  after  setting  down 
the  sum  total  of  the  receipts,  says  : — '  Inde  in  comunis  custodis, 
sociorum,  et  scolarium,  ac  aliorum  omnium  in  Collegio  existen- 
cium,'  when,  in  point  of  fact,  not  a  single  Fellow  had  been  in 
commons  or  drawn  his  stipend  during  that  half  year.  Moberly, 
p.  201,  refers  to  a  record  in  the  Bishop's  Register  of  Wykeham's 
admitting  five  Fellows  on  December  20,  1394 ;  but  these  were 
the  sacerdotes  referred  to  above,  and  not  foundation  Fellows. 
Only  one  of  them,  Thomas  Knyght,  had  commons  and  a  stipend, 
and  he  is  replaced  in  the  roll  of  1395  by  Thomas  Turke,  who 
was  also  Vice-Warden.  Two  others  of  the  five,  namely  More 
and  Lemmanesworth,  were  admitted  foundation  Fellows  in  the 
batch  of  26th  November,  1397. 

In  1397,  the  two  lay  clerks  became  three,  the  statutory  num- 
ber, with  stipends  of  20s.  each.  Their  names  were  Mayhew, 
Kenton,  and  Stanstede.  Stanstede,  by  the  way,  is  the  name  of 
the  first  commoner  who  lodged  and  boarded  in  College. 

Provision  was  now  made  for  the  services  which  so  nu- 
merous a  body  of  clerks  was  equal  to  performing,  by  the 
purchase  of  twenty-eight  dozen  and  seven  skins  of  vellum  at  5s. 
per  dozen,    for    making  service  books,  which  when  written 

'  Moberly,  p.  aoi. 

'  '  Quorum  quidem  custodis,  soctorum,  scolarium,  ceterorumque  omnium  pre« 
dictorum  ingressus  fuit  ad  inibi  habitandum  hora  iij  ante  meridiem,'  &c. 


144  Annals  oj  Winchester  College. 

were  bound  in  doeskin  like  the  sealed  copy  of  Wykeham's 
Statutes  \ 

Altogether  thirty-three  dozen  skins  of  vellum  were  purchased 
at  from  5s.  to  3s.  6d.  per  dozen. 

The  computus  of  Bosham  and  Lechlade  runs  from  Christmas, 
1398,  to  Michaelmas,  1399,  and  exhibits  at  its  foot  a  receipt  of 
£442  los.  \\d.,  including  14s.  10^.  from  the  sacrist  for  oblations, 
50S.  for  exUus  hospitit,  and  12s.  2.(1.  for  excrescentia  comunarum, 
and  a  present  of  £40  from  Wykeham.  The  number  of  Fellows 
rises  to  eight,  namely,  Crudeshale,  Turke,  Bosham,  Bekenton, 
More,  Lechlade,  Dyrley,  and  Hende^  and  the  number  of  sacer- 
dotes  drops  to  four. 

Under  custus  capellae,  in  1397-98,  I  find  the  following  items : — 

'  Twelve  hundred  wafers  {panes),  as. :  five  flagons  of  wine,  zs.  rod. : 
two  flagons  of  oil  for  lamp  over  high  altar,  25.  ^d. :  four  dozen  wax 
candles  for  choir,  65.  Qd :  Edmund  Chandler,  making  44  lbs.  wax  into 
candles,  at  id.  per  lb.,  3s.  Qd.^ 

Under  custus  aulae  : — 

*  Thirty-seven  ells  of  linen  for  napkins  at  /^d.,  125.  /^d.' 
Under  custus  coquinae  : — 

*  A  dresser  knife  for  slicing  bread,  and  a  mincing  knife,  35. 7c?'. ;  and 
a  scarce  or  sieve,  pro  specibus  purgandis  (for  dressing  spices),  2od. 

Under  custus  stabuli : — ■ 

*  Two  pairs  of  hames,  4^/. :   two  collars,  zd. :  twenty-five  quarters, 
'  *  Pro  iiij  doseyn  vij  pellibus  de  velym  empt.  pro  j  gradali  inde 

fact,  quod  incipit  '  Et  Dicatur '  continente  xxvij  quaternos  cum 

custodiis  (flyleaves),  per  doseyn  de  velym  v*  et  per  pellem  v^          .  xxij*  xj'' 

Et  in  notacione  eiusdem     ......  xiij'  iiij"* 

Et  in  illuminacione  et  ligatura  eiusdem     ....  xiij>  iiij* 

Item  in  iiij  doseyn  iiij  pell,  de  velym  empt.  pro  j  gradali  quod 
incipit   'Quatuor   Temporum,'    continent,    xxvj    quaternos,    per 

doseyn  v'  et  per  pellem  v*    .             .             .             .             .             .  xxjs  viij* 

Et  in  scriptura  eiusdem      ......  xvj"  iiij"* 

£t  in  notacione,  illuminacione,  et  ligacione  eiusdem        .            .  xxiiij^ 

Item  in  vj  doseyn  de  vel3rm  empt.  pro  factura  vj  processionalium 
quorum  quodlibet  sustinet  xv  quaternos,  per  doseyn  iiij'  vj*  .  xxvij' 

Et  in  scriptura  notacione  et  ligacione  eorundem  .  .  .  xxxiij' 

Item  in  vj  doseyn  de  velym  empt.  in  staurum  (in  stock)  pro  aliis 
libris  inde  faciendis  ad  diversa  precia  ....  xxiij'  xi* 

Item  in  vij  pell,  cervinis  empt.  pro  libris  p'dictis  cooperiendis     .  xiij»  iiij* 

*  Turke,  Bosham,  and  Bekenton  are  treated  here  as  fellows,  but  must  have 
been  really  sacerdotes  with  brevet  rank.  For  their  names  do  not  appear  in  the 
Register  of  Foundation  Fellows — except  Turke's,  and  he  was  not  admitted  until 
April  22,  1400. 


Warden  Morys.  145 

three  bushels  of  barley,  585.  90?. :  six  quarters,  one  bushel  of  pulse, 
335.  Qd. :  one  bushel  of  beans,  gd. :  a  load  of  straw,  22</. :  new  hay 
for  use  next  year  (quantity  not  given),  ^6  13s.  2d. :  bran,  165.  lodJ 

Under  custus  barbariae : — 

*A  basin  (of  brass  probably),  3s.  ^d. :  two  ells  of  linen  for  "  shavyng- 
clothys,"  and  the  making,  i6d.:  a  chain,  i6d.:  a  kettle  of  latten,  as.  6</.' 

A  horse  bought  at  'la  Wee' — Weyhill  Fair — (without  a 
warranty,  to  judge  by  the  price),  cost  27s.  ^d.,  including  the 
expense  of  bringing  him  home  (18  miles). 

Work  on  the  buildings  went  on  steadily,  Simon  Membury 
finding  the  money  and  Morys  vouching  the  items  of  outlay.  The 
ante-chapel,  vestibule,  cloisters,  treasury,  and  pantry  were  paved 
with  tiles  imported  from  Flanders  in  this  year  \  The  treasury 
is  still  paved  with  these  tiles,  and  a  few  may  be  seen  in  the 
cloisters  near  the  entrance,  and  built  into  the  wall  near  the  gate 
of  Lavender  Mead.  They  are  about  5  inches  square,  of  a  dull 
red  colour,  and  stamped  with  a  pattern  which  is  filled  with  clay 
of  a  different  colour,  usually  white  or  yellow  ^  Similar  but 
larger  tiles  abound  at  St.  Cross.  Before  this  paving  was  done, 
a  vast  quantity  of  '  burres,' '  robus '  (rubbish),  *  flyntes,'  and  sand 
was  carted  in  in  order  to  raise  the  level  of  Cloisters  and  build  a 
boundary  wall.  Total  cost  £20  15.  This  wall  ran  from  the 
gateway  in  the  south-western  corner  of  Outer  Court,  along  the 
western  edge  of  the  site  until  it  reached  the  wall  of  the  Carmelite 
Friary,  and  then  turned  eastwards,  thus  enclosing  the  College 
precinct  on  its  western  and  southern  sides.  No  trace  of  this 
wall  remains  above  ground.  It  was  built  on  piles  of  oak  from 
Ropley,  which  cost  76s.  8d.,  including  cartage.  The  wages  of 
the  masons  and  labourers  employed  about  this  wall  came  to 
£8  17s.  6d.  About  the  same  time,  a  door  of  oak,  with  a  wicket, 
was  hung  at  the  end  of  the  vestibule,  and  another  at  the  entrance 

*  '  Flandrestiel,'  however,  in  the  early  accounts  is  the  name  for  a  sort  of  Bath 

brick  used  for  scouring  brass  and  pewter. 

'  In  solut  pro  xlvmccc  pavyngtiel  empt.  de  Flandre,  per  h  vj* 

viij*     .........        xv'  V  iiij'' 

Et  in  solut.  pro  m  pavyngtiel  maioris  quantitatis  (size)     .  .  xvij*  iiij* 

Et  in   solut.   pro   portacione  earundem  de   navi   in    quandam 

domum  ........  iiij»  x* 

Et  in  solut.  pro  p'dictis  pavyngtiel  cariandis  (from  St.  Denys)    .  lx»  vj* 

Et  in  solut.  pro  xxviij  m  pavyngtiel  ponend.  in  claustro  ;  iij  m  in 

introitu  versus  capellam  et  claustrum  ponend. ;  et  mmccclxxx  in  ij 

cameris  thesaurarii ;  et  mcxx  in  panetria  ponendis,  per  m  ij'  .  Ixix*  xj* 


146  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

to  the  cloisters.  The  staples  on  which  the  latter  door  was  hung 
remain  in  situ,  but  the  door  has  been  done  away  with,  and  a  pair 
of  open  iron  gates  have  been  substituted  for  the  first-mentioned 
door '. 

The  first  recorded  '  progress '  or  visitation  of  the  College 
manors  took  place  at  Hock  tide  (quindena  paschae)  this  year. 
The  Warden  and  Seneschal  were  out  from  April  25  to  May  12. 
Their  travelling  expenses  came  to  54s.  10^.  They  seem  to  have 
depended  on  the  tenants  for  their  diet.  Hospitality  in  after 
times  was  secured  by  covenants  in  the  leases  of  the  principal 
manor  farms  ^ 

The  Duke  of  Bretagne  and  Flanders,  whose  wife  was  Lady 
Jane  Holonde,  half  sister  of  Richard  H,  came  to  see  the  Col- 
lege this  winter,  and  was  entertained  by  the  Warden  on  behalf 
of  the  College.  Wine,  spices,  and  '  panis  Francisci '  cost  135.  9^. 
on  this  occasion. 

In  1399  I  find  under  custus  aulae  an  item  of  i^A.  for  one  and  a 
half  yards  of 'stamyn'  to  embroider  Wykeham's  arms  on  the  arras 
in  Hall ;  \\d.  for  a  sheet  of  paper  for  the  sketch  ;  3^/.  for  one 
and  a  half  yards  of  pasteboard  as  a  back  for  the  work  ;  "zd.  for 
silk  thread,  and  '2.d.  for  a  pair  of  scissors.  Under  custus  capellae 
it  appears  that  one  of  the  chaplains  received  6s.  8d.  for  reading 
the  Gospel  daily,  and  another  received  the  same  sum  for  teach- 
ing the  choristers.  One  of  the  lay  clerks  had  6s.  8d.  for 
entering  evidences  of  title  in  the  Register,  and  another  had 

^  '  In  solut.  in  repagulis  hostii  australis  juxta  capellam  versus  claustrum  una 
cum  ij  seruris  positis  cum  vectibus  ferreis  pro  hostio  inter  capellam  et  claustrum, 
et  pro  j  stoklok  et  j  wygetlok  pro  le  wyget,  cum  iij  clickettis  &c.  Computus, 
1398. 

*  The  lease  of  Salperton  Manor,  for  instance,  contained  the  following 
covenant  : — '  That  the  lease  shall  and  wrill  from  time  to  time  and  at  all  times 
during  the  said  term  maintain  and  keep  a  competent  and  sufiGcient  family  or 
household  in  and  upon  the  scite  of  the  said  manor  and  premises  there  to  be 
resident,  dwelling,  and  abiding  during  the  said  term,  and  also  shall  and  will  at 
his  own  proper  costs  and  charges  provide  find  and  give  unto  the  said  Warden 
and  scholars-clerks  and  their  successors  and  assigns,  and  to  his  or  their  steward, 
ofiBcers,  and  servants,  good,  suitable,  and  sufficient  meat,  drink,  lodging,  and 
house-room  within  the  farm  house  in  the  said  premises,  and  also  good  and 
sufficient  hay,  litter,  and  provender  and  stable  room  to  and  for  his  and  their 
horses,  mares,  and  geldings  in  and  upon  the  said  demised  premises  by  the  space 
of  two  days  and  two  nights  in  the  year  yearly  during  the  said  term  when  they 
shall  come  to  keep  Court  there  or  to  view  or  survey  the  state  and  condition  of 
the  said  premises.' 


Warden  Morys.  147 

the  same  sum  for  ringing  the  bell  ^  and  keeping  the  key  of  the 
chapel. 

Law  costs  (custus  litium  et  sectarum)  make  their  first  appear- 
ance in  1399.  Proceedings  had  been  taken  against  the  Rector 
of  Bishopstoke,  who  refused  to  pay  the  yearly  pension  of  40s. 
issuing  out  of  the  rectory,  which  came  to  the  College  with  the 
rest  of  the  possessions  of  the  Priory  of  Hamble,  and  had  not  (I 
suspect)  been  collected  during  the  sequestration ;  and  expense 
had  been  incurred  about  an  intended  purchase  of  the  Manor  of 
Padworth,  in  Berkshire,  which  went  off  because  the  return 
to  the  writ  ad  quod  damnum  was  that  the  alienation  would  be 
of  no  advantage  to  the  Crown. 

Towards  the  end  of  this  year  (1399)  the  new  King,  Henry  IV, 
paid  a  visit  to  the  College.  If  eight  gallons  of  red  wine  had 
not  been  ordered,  and  if  Wykeham's  own  confectioner  had  not 
been  got  in  on  the  occasion,  we  should  not  know  of  this  visit. 
Only  a  few  weeks  before  the  Society  had  paid  35.  ^d.  to  be  ex- 
cused from  sending  a  man  at  arms  and  an  archer  to  the  aid  of 
Richard  II  on  the  landing  of  the  Duke  {sic)  whom  they  were 
now  welcoming  as  King  ^ 

About  this  time  the  remaining  portion  of  the  Outer  Court, 
comprising  the  woodhouse,  slaughterhouse,  and  stabling  at  its 
western  end,  was  erected  on  the  slip  off  the  precinct  of  the 
Sustern  Spital  which  Wykeham  acquired  just  before  the  opening 
of  the  College  ^  The  wages  of  the  'positor'  who  built  the 
walls  amounted  to  £12  145.,  and  those  of  the  'lathomus'  who 
hewed  the  stone  for  the  doorways  (4),  windows  (16),  and  chim- 
neys (2),  and  for  the  archway  in  the  south-western  angle  of  the 
Court,  amounted  to  £7  15s.  ^d.     Other  items  are : — 

I   s.  d. 
Purbeck  slates 934 

Labourers  assisting  masons,    digging  *  burres '  and 

driving  piles 11    3    7 

*  The  bell,  perhaps,  for  early  mass.  It  rang  at  five  o'clock  A.M.,  in  Jonson's 
time  : — 

'  Purpureas  Aurora  fores  ubi  pandit  ab  ortu 
Eoo  et  quinta  dum  linea  tangitur  umbra 
Stridula  spirantes  campana  reverberat  auras.' 
'  In  dono  Joh.  Launce  ad  excusand.  Collegium  de  homine  armato  et  sagittario 
mittendo  ad  regem  in  adventum  Ducis  in  Angliam,  iij'  iiij"*,'  is  an  entry  in  the 
computus  for  aa  Ric.  II.  '  See  Chapter  iv. 

L  2 


148  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£  s.  d. 

One  thousand  piles  and  cartage 4  14  2 

Flyntes 4    3  11 

Sand 7  15  4 

Two  hundred  and  twenty  yards  of  lime  at  i2(/.     .        .        11    o  o 

Cartage  of '  burres '  and  chalk 3  15  9 

The  following  references  to  the  woodhouse  and  slaughter- 
house occur  in  the  computus  of  this  year : — 

*  Sol.  pro  fabricacione  ij  serarum  de  le  wodeyarde  et  slawt'hous, 
xviijd :  et  in  sol.  pro  le  poly  (block  or  pulley)  pro  le  slawt.  hous,  viij*^.' 

The  next  thing  was  to  erect  a  wall  twenty-three  poles  in 
length  from  the  south-eastern  corner  of  the  Cloisters  along  the 
eastern  edge  of  the  grounds,  which  until  then  lay  open  to  the 
monks'  path  to  Barton.  This  wall  joined  that  which  had  been 
erected  along  the  southern  edge  of  the  precinct,  and  made  the 
enclosure  complete.  The  nature  of  the  foundation,  alongside  a 
watercourse,  rendered  it  a  costly  piece  of  work  : — 

I  s.  d. 
Four  hundred  and  seventy-eight  beeches  for  piles, 

bought  of  the  chamberlain  of  St.  Swithun's,  at 

135.  \d.  per  hundred 3    3  4 

Carpenter  felling  same,  and  making  1200  piles     .        .  5    5  10 

Henry  White,  cartage 10  16  8 

William    Syvell  and    his    mates,  driving   piles    and 

making  a  dam  or  weir  alongside  the  stream  .  .  700 
John  Barret,  twenty-two  dozen  poles  for  the  weir  (les 

wares)  and  scaffold o  16  8 

Henry  Wodehay,   three    hundred  and    twenty    feet 

ashlar o  19  3 

Sand  (quantity  not  stated) 9    7  7 

Two  hundred  and  eighty-eight  quarters  lime        .        .  14  18  3 

Flyntes 963 

Cartage  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  loads  of  flyntes, 

given  by  Treasurer  of  Wolvesey  .  .  .  .  o  12  6 
Cartage  of  two  hundred  and  eighteen  loads  of '  burres ' 

and  stone,  given  by  same o  15  8 

Chalk 7  14  10 

Workmen  laying  the  foundation o  15  8 

Workmen  carrying  sand  and  *  burres,'  and  filling  up 

with  rubbish  to  water  level 3  13  7 

John  Barry,  laying  rest  of  wall  at  14^.  per  rod      .        .  12  15    o 


Warden  Morys.  149 

Cost  of  the  Gateway*. 

£  s.d 

Planks  for  scaffold  and  withes  for  tying  it     .        .        .  o  12    3 

Man  riding  in  quest  of  materials o  14    8 

Adam  Smyth,  for  irons  in  culvert  of  three  arches 

under  wall 122 

Brooms,  sieves,  barrows,  &c 069 

Water  carriage  (batillagium)ofthirty  loads  of 'bereston'  600 

Cartage  from  St.  Denys 3  13    7 

Straw  to  thatch  wall 046 

Paid  the  thatcher 063 

John  Barry,  mason,  for  extras o  15    o 

Oak  plank  for  gates o  10    o 

The  receipts  from  all  sources  during  the  year  ending  at 
Michaelmas  1401,  were  £565  35.  5^.,  and  the  expenditure 
during  the  same  period  was  £530  i6s.  lod.,  leaving  a  balance  of 
£34  6s.  70?.  only  to  keep  the  Society  going  till  another  year's 
rents  came  in.  This  balance  was  not  enough ;  and,  moreover, 
the  Bursars  had  been  obliged  to  dip  into  it  for  the  maintenance 
of  two  Commoners,  Popham  and  Tytelside,  whose  battels  were 
in  arrear,  and  for  entertaining  the  country  gentlemen  who  used 
to  come  about  the  College,  and  were  not  always  welcome  guests  ^. 
In  short,  a  crisis  in  the  affairs  of  the  Society  arose.  They 
addressed  a  petition  or  remonstrance  to  Wykeham  praying  for 
relief,  and  another  to  the  Society  of  New  College  with  a  similar 
object.  Drafts  of  both  petitions  are  extant.  The  first  is 
addressed  'dominacioni  vestre,'  'to  your  Lordship,'  meaning 
Wykeham  beyond  a  doubt,  who  is  generally  styled  '  dominus  * 
in  the  rolls  of  the  period. 

A  paper  containing  a  list  of  extraordinary  expenses  since 
the  opening  day  accompanies  it,  and  is  worth  abstracting 
here : — 

'  *  Non  licet '  gate  (porta  illicita).  This  name  for  the  eastern  gate  occurs  in 
the  accounts  for  1623  :  'Sol.  pr  emendanda  sera  et  conficienda  clave  portae 
vocat.  non  licet,  vj'iiij^.'  This  gate  was  not  finished  until  1411,  when  John  Say, 
the  smith,  was  paid  43s.  zd.  for  six  '  vertemelli '  or  hinges  weighing  260  lbs  for 
the  pair  of  gates.  A  lock,  key,  and  chain  supplied  in  that  year  cost  2s.  6d. 
Eighty-seven  gross  of  nails  at  z\d.  per  lb.  were  used  in  building  the  bridge  out- 
side Non  licet  gate  in  141 1. 

■•*  Part  of  the  balance,  the  Bursars  say  pathetically,  almost  in  Wykeham's  own 
words,  had  been  spent '  in  expensis  diversorum  valencium  extrinsecorum  super- 
veniencium  ad  Collegium,  aliquando  ex  curiahtate,  aliquando  ex  necessitate.' 


150  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£    s.  d. 
I.    Service  books  for  chapel  and  commons  of  clerks 

employed  in  transcribing  other  books       .        .        42    3    5 

II.    Three  books  on  philosophy,  bought  of  Nicholas 

de  Alresford,  late  Vicar  of  Downton.        .        .  2  16    6 

III.  Commons  of  the    sons  of  John   Uvedale    and 

Henry  Popham,  consanguinei,  and  of  the  sons 
of  William  Askham ',  citizen  of  London,  of 
John  Wakfeld,  clerk  at  the  Common  Pleas, 
and  of  John  Harryes,  John  Sy,  and  other  gen- 
tlemen, whose  sons  had  been  maintained  by 
direction  of  Wykeham  '^j  and  commons  of  his 
private  choir  when  employed  at  the  College    .        33    3    8 

IV.  Utensils  for  brewhouse,  bakehouse,  cellar,  hall, 

and  pantry ;  vessels  for  chapel ;  felling  and 
carriage  of  timber,  plastering  walls  of  new 
chamber  at  lower  end  of  Hall  ^,  double  doors 
to  hall  and  vestibule,  *  machina '  or  windlass 
to  well  in  kitchen,  shed  over  conduit  in 
chamber  court,  and  '  le  skelyng '  *    .        .        .        81  15    2 

V.  Manors  and  rectories,  viz.  Chancel  at  Harmonds- 
worth,  and  a  new  chamber  there ;  granges 
and  chancels  at  Isleworth  and  Heston  ;  grange 
and  chamber  at  Andwell ;  chancel  at  Downton 
and  other  repairs  there ;  grange  at  Coombe 
Bisset ;  new  water  wheel  at  Durrington ; 
new  hall  at  Femhamsdean;  repairs  of  hall, 

*  His  executors  advanced  ^34  to  the  Society  in  1415. 

Wykeham,  it  seems,  sent  these  boys  to  the  school  as  Commoners,  and  it  was 
a  grievance  with  the  Society  that  he  did  not  pay  for  their  board. 

*  Apparently  the  hatch  in  which  tea  is  now  made.     It  was  originally  the 
serving  bar,  being  approached  by  a  staircase  from  the  kitchen  underneath. 

The  first  reference  to  the  '  domus  porcorum '  or  pigstye,  which  existed 
somewhere  in  the  grounds  behind  the  College.  'Skilling,'  Scottice  '  shealing, 
means  any  building  with  a  lean-to  roof.  Perhaps  it  was  built  against  the  out- 
side wall.  It  was  renewed  in  1406.  The  carpenter,  William  Ikenham,  and 
his  man  put  it  up.  Their  joint  wages  at  4s.  iirf.  weekly  came  to  25s.  iid. 
Timber  (meremium)  cost  135.  44/.  Six  loads  of  straw  to  thatch  it  came  to  65.  &/., 
and  500  'spryes'  (spars)  cost  5^.  The  pigs  came  from  Harmondsworth,  where 
the  Uve  stock  belonged  to  the  Society.  In  1424  a  tub  was  bought  for  the  pigs' 
food  and  the  troughs  were  plated  with  iron,  the  device  of  ringing  pigs  not 
having  been,  I  suppose,  invented : — '  In  uno  magno  vat  pro  pablo  porcorum  et 
boum  imponendo,  cum  xj"*  pro  platys  et  ligaturis  ferreis  pro  les  trowes 
coram  porcis  conservandis  a  morsibus  eorundem,  j"  iij^.* 


Warden  Morys.  151 

chamber  and  chapel  at  St.  Cross,  and  new 
water  wheel  there  ;  chancels  at  Twickenham 
and  Hamble 538    4    o^ 


Total £6^    2    9 


The  paper  goes  on  to  say  that  these  large  sums  had  been 
spent  out  of  income,  and  were  not  included  in  the  following 
sums  which  had  been  expended  on  the  fabric : — 

£    5.  d. 
By  Wykeham 793  18    5 

By  Warden  Morys,  advanced  by  Simon  Membury       .      220    9  10 

;^ioi4    8    3 

It  is  interesting  to  find  out  in  this  way  the  ciiginal  cost  of  the 
fabric. 

'  Responsum  est,  et  expediti  sunt '  is  written  in  a  contem- 
poraneous hand  on  the  draft  of  the  remonstrance  addressed  to 
Wykeham.  What  the  size  of  his  response  was  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained, inasmuch  as  the  rolls  for  the  years  1402  and  1403  have 
disappeared ;  but  it  was  enough  to  tide  the  Society  over  their 
difficulties.  The  other  remonstrance  begins  '  Reverendi  Patres 
et  Domini,'  and  was  doubtless  addressed  to  the  Warden  and 
Fellows  of  the  sister  College.  It  does  not  appear  what  re- 
ception it  met  with. 

Forty-five  scholars  were  admitted  at  the  election  of  the  year 
1403  (September  30).  The  cause  of  so  many  vacancies  is  not  ap- 
parent. Among  those  who  were  admitted  were  Nicholas  Osel- 
bury,  afterwards  Warden  of  New  College;  John  Wykham,  of 
Swalcliffe,  who,  if  he  were  founder's  kin,  was  not  admitted  as 
such;  and  Thomas  Bekenton  (Beckington).  This  eminent  Wyke- 
hamist became  Dean  of  the  Court  of  Arches,  and  was  tutor  to 
Henry  VI.  A  book  which  he  wrote  against  the  Salique  law  in 
support  of  the  claim  of  Henry  VI  to  the  throne  of  France 
brought  him  into  notice,  and  he  became  Secretary  of  State, 
Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal,  and  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  He 
obtained  for  New  College  the  churches  of  Newnton  Longville, 

*  The  fact  of  the  estates  of  the  alien  Priories  having  been  for  so  many  years 
in  the  hands  of  sequestrators  prior  to  Wykeham's  purchasing  them  may  serve 
to  explain  the  magnitude  of  this  sum. 


152  Aitnals  of  Winchester  College. 

Great  Horwood,  Akely,  Whaddon,  Witchingham,  and  West 
Hanney.  In  1451  John  Edmond,  one  of  the  Fellows,  rode  to 
Dogmersfield  *  ad  loquendum  cum  D'^'^.  Epo.  Bathon.  et  Wellen. 
pro  certis  bonis  recipiendis  et  providendis  nomine  Collegii 
datis  per  eundem  dominum  Collegio ' — to  talk  to  the  Bishop 
about  certain  articles  of  value,  among  other  things  a  silver 
bowl,  weighing  10  lbs.  9  oz.,  which  he  was  about  to  give  to 
the  Society.  His  obit  was  kept  on  January  15th,  as  long  as 
obits  were  lawful. 

For  the  year  ending  at  Michaelmas  1404,  the  receipts  were 
£609  13s.  id.,  including  under  '  exitus  hospicii '  sales  of  garden 
stuff,  24s. ;  kitchen,  245.  2.d. ;  brewhouse  and  bakehouse,  43s.  ^d. 
A  loan  of  £50  from  Wykeham*  is  also  brought  into  account 
The  outgoings  were  £484  165.  ^d.,  including  a  sum  of  £68  3s, 
spent  on  a  new  chancel  at  Harmondsworth,  'una  cum  vitria 
clone  iij  fenestrarum  et  cum  expensis  dedicacionis  eiusdem  Can 
celli.' 

In  the  month  of  January  before  his  death  (on  September  27, 
1404^),  Wykeham  placed  a  sum  of  £100  in  the  chest  at  New 
College,  and  stipulated  that  it  should  remain  there  untouched 
(except  for  the  defence  of  the  possessions  of  that  College), 
during  twenty  years,  and  then  belong  to  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham, 
his  heir-at-law^  He  made  no  such  donation  in  the  case  of 
Winchester  College,  possibly  because  he  had  advanced  so 
much  money  to  keep  it  going;  but  he  gave  to  it  the  following 
books  in  his  lifetime : — 


I  Antiphonarium  (book  of  anthems)       .... 

VI  alia  antiphonaria 55 

I  Portiforium  notatum,  cum  clapsulis  argent. 

I  „  aliud  antiquum 

*  »>  j>  

II  antiquae  legendae 

Liber  de  cantu  organico  ....... 

^  Heete  says  on  September  20,  but  the  day  of  St.  Cosmo  and  St.  Damian 
on  which  his  death  took  place  is  September  27th. 

'  Similarly  Wayneflete  left  over  twelve  hundred  double  pistolets  of  gold  in  a 
chest  at  Magdalen  College,  which  was  not  to  be  opened  except  in  some  great 
necessity.  However,  while  Dr.  John  Wilkinson  was  President,  the  chest  was 
opened,  and  the  gold  was  shared  between  him  and  the  Fellows.  Fuller's 
Church  History,  ix.  16. 


£ 

5. 

d. 

9 

10 

0 

55 

5 

0 

10 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

I 

10 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

6 

8 

Warden  Morys.  153 

I  s.d. 
I  Pontificale  cum  clapsulis  argenteis  cum  coSpercuIo 

de  nigro  serico  et  rubro 200 

I  Missale  pulcrum  et  magnum  cum  clapsulis  de  ar- 

gento  deaurat 20    o    o 

I  Aliud  missale  pulcrum  cum  claps,  de  argent.     .        .  10    o    o 
I  Aliud  missale   parvum   cum  claps,  de  argento  et 

registro  deaurato 500 

I  Aliud  missale  cum  registro 10  marks 

s.   d. 

I  Florarium  Bartholomaei  * 30    o 

Vita  S.  Thome  Martyris 20    o 

Rationale  Divinorum  et  legenda  sanctorum  .        .        .  100    o 

Liber  Penitentialis,  vocat.  *  Pars  Oculi '  (Sacerdotis)    .  10    o 

Polycronicon  Will.  Cestren  ?• 40    o 

Liber  in  quo  continentur  Taxationes  omnium  Eccle- 

siarum  in  singulis  Dioces.  p.  totam  Angliam  ^        .  nil 
Liber  continens  Constitutiones  Provinciales  et  Syno- 

dales ID    o 

Priscian* 68 

Total  value ;^i39    i    8 


From  an  indenture  dated  at  Bishop's  Waltham,  Jan.  4,  1400- 
I,  under  the  Founder's  secretum  (a  splendid  example),  it  appears 
that  Wykeham  delivered  on  that  day  to  Warden  Morys  the 
following  vestments : — 

*  A  chasuble,  two  tunicles,  sixteen  copes  of  cloth  of  gold,  three 
amices  of  cloth  of  gold,  and  copper  and  white  and  red  cloth  worked 
with  patines  of  gold,  and  orphreys  of  cloth  of  gold  and  copper  and 
purple  (blodio)  and  green  cloth  :  three  albs  and  three  amices  with 
pavures:   two  stoles  and  three  maniples,  with  three  girdles,  and 

*  '  Bartholomaeus  Anglus,  dicitur  Florarius  ab  opere  quod  Florarium  inscripsit.' 
Fabric,  i.  478. 

'  '  Monachus  Cestrensis  in  Anglia  anno  1109.'     Fabric,  iii.  420. 

'  This  MS.,  in  small  quarto,  consists  of  two  parts.  One  of  them  contains 
chiefly  a  taxation  of  Bishoprics  and  other  Ecclesiastical  benefices,  particularly 
those  of  the  Diocese  of  Winchester.  It  was  compiled  in  the  time  of  Adam  de 
Orleton  (as  appears  from  pages  21  and  23),  who  was  Bishop  of  Winchester  irom 
A.D .  1333  to  1345.  It  belonged  to  Wykeham  and  was  given  by  him  to  his 
College  at  Winchester  (Lowth,  Life  of  Wykeham,  preface,  p.  xvi) ;  Nicholas 
North,  one  of  the  Fellows,  received  3s.  i,d.  in  1400  for  copying  it. 

*  '  Episcopus  Ferrarensis,  primus  glossator  Decretorum  Pontificalium  anno 
1312.'     Fabric  iii,  895. 


1 54  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

a  corporal :  a  chasuble  and  two  tunicles  '  cum  stola  manipulata,' 
and  parures  of  white  silk  ornamented  with  orphreys  of  imperial  cloth 
of  gold  worked  with  the  Crucifix  :  fifteen  '  moses '  ^  of  green  cloth 
with  gold  letters  on  grey  (cum  litteris  aureis  de  griseo)  in  a  circle.' 

In  the  following  month  of  October,  1401,  Wykeham  delivered 
to  Morys — 

*  Three  copes,  three  chasubles,  two  tunicles,  four  stoles,  five  mani- 
ples, five  altar  cloths,  and  three  frontals  of  purple  silk,  worked  with 
stars  and  crescents  in  white.  Also  five  albs  and  five  amices  of  linen. 
Also  three  pairs  of  curtains  of  purple  silk  (ridellae  de  tartaryn 
blodio).  Also  twenty-two  ells  of  fine  linen  to  make  six  altar-cloths 
(pro  vj  tuellis  inde  conficiendis),  and  eleven  ells  of  unbleached  linen 
for  the  inferior  altars.' 

The  following  list  of  jocalia  et  vasa  argentea  given  to  the 
Chapel  by  Wykeham,  is  extracted  from  the  Vetus  Registrum  : — 
I  Crismatorium  de  argento  deaurato. 

I  Cupa  de  argent,  deaurat.  habens  pedem  longum  et  gracilem. 
I  Cupa  de  berillo  (of  beryl)  cum  co-operculo  harnessiat.  (mounted) 

cum  argento  deaurat.  cum  pede,  pro  Eucharistia  portanda  in 

festo  Corporis  Christi. 
I  Pixis  parva  rotunda  de  argento  deaurat.  pro  Sacramento  Altaris 

conservando. 

I  Thuribulum  de  argento  deaurat.  ponderanL  iiijii^.  iiij'i'»<'.  dimid. 

I  Aliud  Thuribulum  de  argento  deaurat. 

I  Navis  (the  pan  for  incense  in  the  thurible)  cum  cochliari  argenteo 
pro  incens.  ix"^".  xij^^t^, 

ij  Candelabra  de  argento  in  parte  deaurata  pond.  v^''.  x'**^°. 
ij  Phiolae  de  argento  deaurato  ponderant  i'l^.  ij""<'. 
I  Parva  campana  de  argento  deaurat.  pond.  vj""^". 
I  Osculatorium  Pacis  (pax)  de  argento  deaurat.  et  anelat.  (enamelled) 
cum  Crucifixo  pond.  i'^''.  vj""^".  dimid. 

I  Situla  de  argento  cum  swages  (*  swaged '  or  embossed)  deaurat. 
pond,  iiijiii".  ij"''*'. 

1  Aspersorium  de  argento  pond.  iiij'»»<'.  x'^^*^. 

ij  Pelves  de  argento  cum  armis  DiTi  Fundatoris  in  fundo  et  swages 

deaurat.,  quarum  una  habet  j  pipam  ^  et  pond.  vij^^''.  ix  ^^'^. 
I  Annulus  Pontificalis  cum  quodam  lapide  precioso. 

'  Or  Moyces,  the  clasp  of  a  cope.     Here  it  signifies  the  cope  itself. 
^  Through  which  the  sacramental  wine  was  drawn. 


Warden  Morys.  155 

Another  inventory  of  plate,  &c.,  given  by  Wykeham  and 
other  benefactors  prior  to  the  year  1405  is  too  long  to  quote 
here.  The  articles  in  silver  are  estimated  to  weigh  3892  ounces, 
which  at  2s.  id.  per  ounce,  exclusive  of  enamel  and  workman- 
ship, comes  to  £485  8s.  /^d.  The  articles  of  gold  are  estimated 
to  weigh  91 1  ounces,  which  at  £1  5s.  per  ounce,  exclusive  of 
enamel,  stones,  and  workmanship,  comes  to  £114  165.  lod.] 
total,  £600  55.  zd. 

By  his  will,  which  is  printed  in  the  appendix  to  the  Life  by 
Bishop  Lowth,  Wykeham  gave  to  Winchester  College  a  plain 
mitre \  with  a  border  of  gold  (aurifregiata),  his  favourite 
bible  (bibliam  meam  usualem),  and  the  following  books : — 
'  Catholicon,*  '  Rationale  Divinorum,'  '  Florarium  Bartholomei,* 
'Vita  Sti  Thome  Martyris,'  and  'Pars  Oculi.' 

To  Morys  and  to  his  successors  he  bequeathed  ten  marks, 
and  a  silver-gilt  cup  with  lid,  and  an  ewer  worth  twenty 
marks.  To  each  Fellow  65.  B>d. ;  to  each  Chaplain,  205. ;  to 
Romesye,  the  schoolmaster,  loos. ;  to  the  Usher,  205. ;  to 
every  Scholar,  6s.  Qd. ;  and  ten  marks  to  be  distributed  amongst 
the  lay  clerks,  servants,  and  choristers.  And  he  directed  that 
the  Office  of  the  Dead  and  Requiem  should  be  sung  in  the 
Chapel  daily  from  the  day  of  his  death  to  his  funeral,  and  for 
forty  days  afterwards.  The  executors  seem  to  have  thought 
this  provision  insufficient ;  and  one  of  them,  Thomas  Ayleward  ^ 
in  the  year  1406  gave  £10  to  found  a  perpetual  obit  at  the 
College,  and  £35  13s.  4^.  to  the  common  chest.  Wykeham's 
obit  was  celebrated  on  September  26,  the  eve  of  the  anniversary 
of  his  death.     Founder's  Day  is  now  kept  in  December. 

While  the  See  of  Winchester  was  vacant  after  Wykeham's 
death.  Archbishop  Arundel  held  a  Metropolitical  Visitation  of 
both  Colleges.  The  Abbot  of  Abingdon  was  the  visitor  at  New 
College,  where  several  Fellows  were  deprived.  The  visitor  at 
Winchester  was  Dr.  John  Maydenheath.  No  particulars  of  this 
visitation  exist  in  the  archives  of  the  College.  But  in  the 
following  year  a  monitory  letter  came  from  Archbishop  Arundel, 
in  which,  after  asking  for  a  nomination  to  a  scholarship,  he  en- 


*  His  best  mitre  was  bequeathed  to  New  College. 

'  Rector  of  Havant.     He  died  April  6,  14 13,  and  is  buried  at  Havant,  where 
a  brass  exists  to  his  memory. 


156  Annals  of  Wmchester  College. 

joined  the  Warden  and  Fellows  to  provide,  in  obedience  to  the 
Statutes  : — 

a.  A  register  for  the  names  of  fellows  and  scholars. 

b.  An  inventory  of  goods  and  valuables  (jocalia)  in  the  Treasury. 

c.  A  register  of  charters  and  evidences  of  title. 

d.  Covers  of  cloth  to  the  seals  of  documents. 

e.  Receptacles  (cophini)  for  the  title-deeds  of  each  estate. 

/  An  Indenture  or  list  under  seal  by  the  Warden  of  the  moveables 

in  his  custody. 
g.  An  Indenture  by  the  Sacrists  of  ornaments  in  use  in  the  chapel. 
h.  Indentures  by  the  head  servants  of  utensils  in  the  pantry,  kitchen, 
brewhouse,  bakehouse,  stable,  garden,  and  barber's  shop. 

He  also  enjoined  the  Society  to  repair  the  lead  on  the  roof  of 
the  chapel  and  hall,  to  mend  their  windows,  and  rehang  their 
bells. 

The  French,  although  a  truce  existed,  were  making  descents 
upon  our  coast  at  this  time;  and  it  appears  under  the  novel 
heading  of  custus  pro  defensione  patriae  in  the  computus  of 
1404,  that  the  Society  mounted  a  party  of  men  at  a  cost  of 
£6  9s.,  and  sent  them  down  to  Hamble,  where  the  French  were 
expected,  but  did  not  come.  Two  years  later,  after  war  had 
been  declared,  the  Society  were  politic  or  patriotic  enough  to 
pay  their  quota  towards  the  tenth  granted  by  the  clergy  towards 
prosecuting  the  war,  instead  of  claiming  exemption  under  their 
Charter  of  Privileges. 

The  name  of  Andrew  Huls,  or  Hulse,  appears  at  the  head  of 
the  roll  for  1407.  This  eminent  churchman  rose  to  be  Chan- 
cellor of  Sarum,  Canon  of  Southwell,  York,  Lichfield,  and 
Hereford,  Archdeacon  of  Wells,  and  Keeper  of  the  Privy 
Seal.  He  devised  forty  marks  to  be  expended  by  the  Society  in 
founding  a  chantry  to  his  memory  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of 
Sarum.  By  the  Charter  of  Foundation,  which  is  dated  March 
28,  1447,  Warden  Baker  settled  a  yearly  rentcharge  of 
£9  6s.  8rf.  upon  the  chantry.  The  priest  was  to  receive  a 
yearly  stipend  of  £7  6s.  8^.,  and  Hulse's  obit  was  to  be  cele- 
brated on  April  ist  annually,  that  being  the  anniversary  of  his 
death.  It  was  provided  that  the  Canon  who  celebrated  high 
mass  on  that  day  should  receive  i2,d. ;  every  residentiary  who 
should  assist,  120^. ;   the  sub-dean  6d. ;    each  priest  vicar  6d. ; 


Warden  Morys.  157 

each  lay  vicar  4^. ;  each  chaplain  6d. ;  the  choristers  2s.  ^d. ;  the 
sacrists  8</.,  and  their  servants  8^. ;  the  beadle  ^d. ;  the  porter  ^.d., 
and  his  servant  2d. ;  the  nine  altarists,  for  a  knell,  i8d. ;  wax, 
8d.  The  Warden  (Baker)  and  some  of  the  Fellows  spent  nine- 
teen days  in  London  in  the  spring  of  1480  on  the  business  of 
obtaining  a  license  to  amortize  the  land  which  was  intended  as  a 
provision  for  the  obit.  Their  bill  at  the  inn  was  49s.  zld., 
horse  hire  there  and  back,  12s.  lod.  John  Young,  the  ostler, 
had  2s.,  horseshoes  cost  8d.,  provender,  &c.,  26s.  6d.  The  ex- 
penses of  putting  the  land  in  mortmain  were  : — Writ  addressed 
to  Treasurer  and  Barons  of  Exchequer,  2s.  2d. ;  enrolling  same, 
25. ;  Nayler  of  the  Chancery  drawing  petition  for  license,  6s.  8d.; 
engrossing  same,  is. ;  Privy  Seal,  los. ;  Master  William  Mor- 
land,  pro  composicione  charte  (for  drawing  the  license),  6s.  8d. ; 
engrossing  same,  3s.  ^d. ;  pro  feodo  sigilli  in  hanaperio, 
£8  9s. 

Upon  the  suppression  of  chantries  under  Edward  VI,  the 
endowment  of  Hulse's  Chantry  was  granted  to  one  Robert 
Whyte,  of  Christchurch,  Hants,  and  he  released  it  to  the 
College  by  deed  dated  August  20,  1551,  in  consideration  of 
£180;  about  nineteen  years'  purchase. 

In  1408  the  receipts  were  £515  2s.,  including  a  loan  of  £50* 
from  the  executors  of  Wykeham,  and  a  present  of  40s.  from 
Aylward.     The  expenses  amounted  to  £421  19s.  gd. 

Under  custus  stabuli  the  following  items  occur : — 

Twenty-four  loads  of  hay,  and  cartage,  104s.  ^d.:  horsebread, 
4s.  lid.''  :  seventy-four  quarters,  two  bushels  of  oats  bought  in  open 
market,  whereof  sixty-seven  quarters,  five  bushels  at  2od.,  and  six 
quarters,  five  bushels  at  220?!. — £6  4s.  lod.  Two  quarters  of  bran  to 
mix  with  the  oats,  zs.  8d.  Straw  for  forage  and  litter  (quantity  not 
given),  gs.  8d.  Horse  bought  at  Shaw  (near  Newbury),  29s.  8d. 
Paid  Baldwin,  pro  diversis  medicamentis  equorum,  2s.  8d. 

In  the  year  1408  the  College  authorities  were  prepared  to 
defend  their  possessions  with  the  following  array  of  legal  talent. 
Yet  it  does  not  appear  that  any  litigation  took  place. 

John  Fromond,  of  whom  hereafter,  steward  of  the  manors  in 
Hants  and  Wilts,  without   stipend :   William    Stokes,  steward  of 

*  A  further  loan  of  £ss  55.  3</.  was  received  in  1413. 

"  See  Stats.  32  H.  VIII.  c.  41  and  21  Jac.  I.  c.  21  for  regulating  the  sale  of 
this  article. 


158  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

the  manors  in  Berks  and  Middlesex,  26s.  8</. :  John  Champflower, 
counsel,  20s. :  Thomas  Troney,  clericus  terrarum  (steward's  clerk), 
2as. :  William  Byngham,  attorney  in  King's  bench,  retainer,  6s.  8^?., 
fee,  35. :  Thomas  Holmes,  attorney  there,  retainer,  65.  %d.,  fee,  3s. : 
Thomas  Banks,  attorney  in  Chancery,  retainer,  65.  8^.;  Thomas 
Hurseley,  notary,  13s.  4</. :  Master  John  Penkeston,  advocate  in 
Consistory  Court  of  Winchester,  135.  40?'.:  John  Huls,  standing 
counsel,  retainer,  13s.  4^. 

At  Epiphanytide  in  1409-10,  the  Warden  kept  open  house 
during  two  whole  days  to  a  number  of  country  gentlemen 
(generosi  de  patria).  Among  those  who  were  present  were 
William  Bremshete,  the  High  Sheriff;  John  Lawrence,  the 
Under-Sheriff;  John  Veer,  William  Weston,  William  Fawcener, 
Thomas  Colyngton,  Nicholas  Payn,  John  Pistor  (Baker),  John 
Newton,  Edward  Cowdray,  John  Ferle,  and  Fromond's  party 
from  Sparsholt.  The  Society,  like  some  of  the  City  Companies, 
gave  presents  to  the  guests,  which  cost  £6  25.  ^d.  A  man  who 
brought  a  heronshaw  from  Andwell,  in  time  for  the  dinner,  had 
IS.  for  his  pains.  The  distance  is  about  twenty-two  miles. 
In  141 1  the  following  servants  were  kept : — 

s.   cL 

William  Neweman,  manciple 26    8 

William  Kenne,  cook 26    8 

John  Baker,  brewer 26    8 

John  Losynge,  porter  and  barber 33    4 

William  Tettebury  (office  not  stated,  probably  butler)  .  20  o 
William  Pokulchyrche,  Warden's  clerk  .  .  .  .  13  4 
Henry  Russel,  Warden's  valet,  three  terms  only       .        .  84 

Thomas  Hawkesbury,  do.  one  term,  2od.,  and  gratuity,  izd.  2  8 
Nicholas  Clayden,  butler's  boy  (garcio),  ids.,  and  gratuity, 

iQd. II    6 

John  Nowell,  garcio  coquinae 13    4 

Thomas  Cowdray,  garcio  coquinae 13    4 

Philip  Gardener 18 

Janyn,  baker's  and  brewer's  boy,  13s.  40?.,  and  gratuity 

for  looking  after  Warden's  horses,  5s 18    4 

Richard  Romesye,  care  of  Warden's  horses  one  term, 

2S.  6d.,  gratuity,  6a?'. 30 

John  Springold,  laundryman  (lotor) 40    o 

A  present  of  a  flagon  of  red  wine  and  a  pottle  of  bastard,  with 
apples  and  pears,  to  the  judges  during  the  Assizes,  cost  izd. 
One  Nicholas  Diford,  a  copyholder  at  Meonstoke,  came  to 


Warden  Morys.  159 

the  audit  in  141 1  with  100  oysters  in  payment  of  his  quit  rent. 
These  oysters  doubtless  came  from  Hamble,  which  was  as  famous 
for  oysters  then  as  it  is  for  crabs  now.  The  Prior  of  Hamble 
used  to  render  20,000  oysters  at  mid-Lent  to  the  monks  of  St. 
Swithun  as  an  acknowledgment  for  a  corrody  of  six  gowns,  six 
pairs  of  shoes,  six  pairs  of  boots,  with  twenty-one  loaves  and 
forty-two  flagons  of  ale  weekly,  which  he  and  his  brethren 
received  from  the  monastery.  After  the  property  of  the  priory 
became  vested  in  Winchester  College,  this  corrody  was  made 
the  endowment  of  Wykeham's  Chantry  in  Winchester  Cathedral. 
In  1417,  when  the  prior  and  convent  of  St.  Swithun  accepted  it, 
the  estimated  yearly  value  of  this  corrody  was  £10. 

In  1413  only  four  vacancies  occurred  in  College,  the  smallest 
number  on  record.  One  of  the  vacancies  was  filled  by  Richard 
Androes,  afterwards  Dean  of  York  and  Secretary  of  State,  and 
first  Warden  of  All  Souls,  Oxford. 

Custus  capellae  in  1412 : — 

A  thousand  and  fifteen  wafers,  75.  rod. :  twenty-five  flagons  and 
one  pottle  of  red  Mrine,  at  ^d.  or  6d.  the  flagon,  13s.  5*^. :  nine 
flagons  and  one  pottle  of  oil  for  the  lamp  over  the  High  Altar  at 
x6d.  and  xzd.  the  flagon,  115.  zd.  :  two  hundred  and  fifty  lbs.  wax, 
£6  OS.  ^d.  (very  dear) :  Edward  Chandler,  making  it  into  candles, 
155.  2\d. :  four  dozen  wax  candles  for  the  choir,  55.  ^d. :  twenty-four 
ells  of  linen,  at  2>d.  or  ']d.  to  make  napkins,  albs,  and  amices,  195. : 
three  pieces  of  *  bokeram,'  gd.  :  *  buttes '  (hassocks)  for  the  stalls 
in  the  choir,  3(/. :  glazier  mending  windows,  12a?'. :  eleven  lbs.  of 
rope  for  the  great  bell,  i6d. :  making  and  binding  an  anthem  book, 
25.  6d. :  Agnes  Lambert,  hemming  four  albs  and  six  amices,  2s. : 
John  Overton,  making  two  copies  of  '  The  History  of  our  Lord's 
Body,'  and  '  The  life  of  St.  Anne,'  3s.  4^/. 

Pavyngtiel,  bought  at  Newbury,  probably  from  Shaw,  for  the 
floor  of  the  library,  and  the  wages  and  expenses  of  the  paviour, 
who  lodged  five  nights  at  a  hostelry  in  the  Soke,  came  to 
255.  50?. ;  cartage  from  Newbury,  i^d. ;  tiler,  six  days  tiling  the 
wall  by  the  Carmelites'  church,  2s.  6d. ;  William  Ikenham, 
making  stillions  for  the  cellar,  and  a  windlass  to  raise  and  lower 
the  cradle  used  in  mending  the  east  window  of  the  chapel, 
6s.  8^. 

Under  custus  forinsecus  is  an  item  of  2qs.  for  a  feast  to  the 
Carmelite  brethren  on  the  day  of  SS.  Philip  and  James,  to  cele- 


i6o  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

brate  the  sealing  of  articles  of  agreement  relating  to  the 
maintenance  of  the  boundary  wall  between  the  garden  of  the 
College  and  the  precinct  of  the  Carmelites  referred  to  in 
the  last  section.  The  counterpart  agreement  in  the  muniment 
room  has  attached  to  it  perfect  specimens  of  the  seals  of  the  friary 
and  of  the  Provincial  of  the  Order. 

An  Oxford  scholar  (name  not  recorded)  came  to  be  examined 
for  the  place  of  usher  vacated  by  Huet,  and  received  3s.  4^/.  for 
his  expenses  \ 

The  Society  had  a  case  coming  on  at  the  Winchester  Assizes 
at  this  time.  Four  local  lawyers  (jurisperiti),  namely  Wynard, 
Alisaunder,  and  John  and  William  Westbury,  had  retainers  of 
6s.  Sd.  each.  Sir  John  Colepeper,  the  judge  of  assize,  had  a 
douceur  of  40s.  The  associate  had  20s.  John  Wakfeld,  whom 
we  have  heard  of  already  {ante,  p.  150),  also  had  20s.  William 
Wawayn  and  Thomas  Brown,  two  attornies  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  had  6s.  8a?.  each,  and  the  beadle  had  12^. 

The  following  inventory  of  household  stuff,  made  in  com- 
pliance with  Archbishop  Arundel's  injunction,  is  written  on  the 
back  of  the  roll  for  1412  : — 

*  In  the  Chapel :  A  new  curtain  (aularis)  with  a  linen  back.  Two 
palls  of  white  and  green  worsted  (bought  same  year  for  £^  6s.  8d.). 
Twenty  crockettes  for  hanging  same.  A  curtain  of  two  "  costeres  "  of 
embroidered  worsted  with  two  "  aralines."  An  old  curtain  of  blue 
and  red  worsted,  worked  with  the  arms  of  the  Founder  in  the 
middle.  A  plain  red  "banker"  of  woollen  with  same  arms  at 
each  end. 

'  In  the  Hall :  Two  table-tops  for  High  table,  and  three  trestles, 
a  long  table  down  the  middle  of  Hall  and  three  long  forms  on 
either  side  ^  Two  planks  in  front  of  the  pantry  door.  A  chafer  of 
copper. 

'  In  the  Pantry :  Four  latten  salts,  with  covers.  Six  pewter  salts, 
with  covers.  Twenty-four  latten  candlesticks.  Twenty-four  silver 
spoons.  Two  trencher  knives.  One  paring  knife.  Two  table  cloths 
of  Flemish  linen,  each  six  yards  long.  Four  "  tuells  "  of  same,  each 
ten  yards  long,  One  table  cloth  of  "drapery"  (diaper),  ten  yards 
long.  One  "  tuell "  of  same,  ten  yards  long.  One  table  cloth  of 
Flemish  linen,  six  yards  long.    Two  servants'  table  cloths  of  "  crest " 

^  '  In  dato  cuidam  scolari  Oxon.  venienti  Wynton.  pro  examinacione  sua  facta 
pro  officio  ostiarii  Coll.  ad  missionem  custodis  mense  august.,  et,  pro  expensis 
suis  et  rewardo  ac  pro  conductione  equi  sui,  praetor  dat.  per  Dnm  custodem, 
iij»  iiij''.* 

'  The  side  tables,  being  fixtures,  are  not  enumerated. 


Warden  Morys.  i6i 

(crash)  six  yards  long.  Two  thin  "  sauenapes "  of  Flemish  linen, 
one  seven  yards,  the  other  six  yards  long.  One  "  sauenape  "  of  the 
same  and  one  of  "  crest,"  each  five  yards  long.  Two  crest  cloths, 
each  ten  yards  long.  Six  short  "  tuells  "  of  "  Bredewelle."  One 
cupboard  cloth  of  Flemish  linen. 

'  In  the  kitchen :  Twelve  pewter  plates,  twelve  potegers  (soup 
plates  or  saucers),  fourteen  salts ;  all  with  Founder's  arms.  Eighteen 
pewter  plates,  eighteen  potegers,  eighteen  salts,  all  marked  "  III.  M. 
an.  X."  Twelve  pewter  plates,  twelve  potegers,  twelve  salts  of 
another  pattern,  marked  "V.  M.  an.  X."  One  pewter  "char" 
(charger),  five  plates,  five  potegers,  four  salts,  all  marked  "  D.  P. 
an.  X."  Eight  old  pewter  plates  and  ten  others,  and  fifteen  potegers 
of  another  pattern,  not  marked.  Three  brass  pots  (oUae),  two  of 
them  marked  with  three  branches  on  their  sides.  A  great  brass 
pot  "  Colman,"  with  ears  and  feet. 

*  In  the  bakehouse :  Five  sacks,  four  canvasses  for  covering  the 
paste',  four  tubs  for  flour,  two  "byvers"  or  dressers,  a  knife,  two 
sieves,  three  candlesticks,  three  "  graves  "  (scrapers)  pro  knedyng- 
trowes  purgandis  ^,  an  iron  prong,  a  balance  and  two  leaden  weights, 
a  tankard. 

*  In  the  brewhouse  :  Two  coppers  :  two  "  meshyngvattes  "  :  three 
malt  shovels  :  a  cistern  ;  four  cowches  (coolers) :  three  pails  :  three 
keves  with  straw  covers :  thirty  keevers  (shallow  tubs)  for  the  wort : 
a  "  clausyngfyne  "  :  two  "  altronges  "  :  a  "  berryngk3rve  "  :  an  iron 
rake  :  an  axe  :  a  wedge  :  a  vat :  three  buckets,  hooped  :  a  "  lathe  "  : 
two  brooms  :  two  shovels  :  three  baskets :  a  lanthorn  :  two  candle- 
sticks :  a  "  somerhous  " :  a  coal-rake  :  a  fire-pick :  a  "  bararde  "  :  a 
tenon  saw :  two  handsaws  :  a  trunk  for  filling  the  copper. 

'  In  the  stable  :  Three  horses  :  four  hakeney  saddles  with  "  hues  " 
of  black  leather :  another  set  of  "  hues  "  :  a  mal  (mail)  saddle,  with 
crupper,  reins,  &c.,  complete  :  three  "  wadyngsadels  "  :  a  "  somer- 
sadel "  complete :  five  girths :  three  leather  collars :  a  pair  of 
"  stirupyrons "  :  a  currycomb  :  a  shovel :  a  three-tined  fork  :  a 
prong :  two  iron  hooks  for  hay  :  a  wheelbarrow. 

*  In  the  Barbaria :  A  round  latten  chafer  with  lid  and  handle :  a 
chafer  of  copper :  a  round  latten  basin  :  three  shaving  cloths :  a 
chest :  a  round  stool.' 

Morys  died  October  23,  1413.  William  Hajoie,  one  of  the 
Fellows,  rode  to  Oxford  with  the  news,  and  returned  by  way 
of  London,  where  he  sued  out  a  renewal  of  the  Charter  of 

*  Dough  is  so  called  in  the  trade. 

*  The  kneading  troughs,  as  being  fixtures,  are  not  included  in  this  list. 

M 


1 63  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Privileges  from  the  new  King  (Henry  V).     Haynes'  expedition 
occupied  seven  days,  and  his  expenses  were  ids.  6d.  only. 

The  brass  to  the  memory  of  Warden  Morys  in  front  of  the 
altar  in  the  chapel  is  inscribed  as  follows : — 

'  Hie  iacet  magister  Johes  Morys  primus  custos  istius  Collegii  qui 
obiit  die  undecim  millia  virginum  anno  Dm  m°cccc°  xiij°  et  anno 
regni  Regis  Henrici  Quinti  primo  littera  diiicali  A  cul  ale  propicietur 
deus  amen.' 


CHAPTER    IX. 

JOHN    FROMOND. 

His  home  and  family. — Steward  of  the  manors. — His  will. — Provision  for 
choristers'  gowns. — Founds  Chantry. — Chaplains. — Description  of  the 
fabric. — Its  fate  at  the  Reformation. — Converted  into  library. — Now  a 
chapel. — The  Scriptorium. 

John  Fromond,  in  the  year  1407,  when  we  first  hear  of  him, 
was  a  country  gentleman  residing  at  Sparsholt,  near  Win- 
chester, where  his  father  John  and  his  grandfather  Richard 
resided  before  him.  He  was  probably  of  a  Winchester  family, 
for  a  Stephen  Fromond  was  mayor  of  that  city  in  1275^;  and 
John  Fromond  himself  owned  property  in  and  near  the  city.  His 
wife's  name  was  Matilda  or  Maud.  They  were  childless,  and 
had  adopted  a  little  girl  named  Lucy,  who  was  a  god-daughter 
of  Fromond",  and  sometimes  came  with  her  maid  Alice  to  see 
him  in  his  chamber  over  the  Outer  Gate.  She  probably  died 
young,  inasmuch  as  she  is  not  mentioned  in  Fromond's  will. 
His  name  occurs  in  the  computus  of  1407,  where  there  is  an 
entry  of  twelvepence  given  to  a  servant  of  his  for  bringing  a 
'chyne'  of  pork  and  a  collar  of  brawn  from  Sparsholt  as  a 
present  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows.  In  1408  he  succeeded 
Pole  as  steward  of  the  manors  in  Hants  and  Wilts.  A  year  or 
more  later  the  remaining  manors  in  Berks  and  Middlesex  were 

^  His  name  does  not  occur  in  the  Guildhall  list  of  mayors,  but  he  attested  as 
mayor  in  that  year  a  grant  by  Sir  Henry  Heose,  Knl.,  to  the  Black  or  Domini- 
can Friars  in  Winchester,  of  some  property  within  the  East  Gate  adjoining 
their  house. 

*  '  In  dato  cuidam  nutrici  lactanti  quandam  filiam  adoptivam  Joh.  Fromond  et 
uxoris  eius '  xx^  ^computus  4  H.  IV)  '  In  dato  filie  spirituali  Johis  Fromond  xx** ' 
(»*.  6  H.  v.). 

M  2 


164  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

entrusted  to  his  care,  and  he  continued  steward  until  his 
death  in  1420.  The  College  was  very  short  of  money  during 
this  period  ;  and  Fromond,  who,  judging  by  the  quantity  of 
landed  property  which  he  disposed  of  by  his  will,  must  have 
been  a  rich  man,  never  drew  his  stipend  of  £5  after  the  first 
year,  and  was  content  to  act  for  the  bare  fees  of  office.  During 
all  this  time  he  appears  to  have  been  on  intimate  terms  with 
the  Warden  and  Fellows,  and  a  continual  exchange  of  presents 
went  on  between  them.  He  was  one  of  the  guests  at  the  great 
dinner  which  the  Society  gave  on  Twelfth  Day,  1409-10,  to  the 
High  Sheriff  and  gentry,  which  was  alluded  to  in  the  last 
chapter.  In  December  1416,  as  he  lay  sick  in  his  inner  cham- 
ber next  the  one  over  the  Outer  Gate,  the  Fellows  tempted  his 
appetite  with  dishes  of  fish,  eels,  and  birds  of  several  sorts,  and 
sent  in  a  cup  of  sweet  wine  for  his  wife  when  she  came  to  see 
him,  besides  making  a  present  of  2.od.  to  Alice,  the  little  girl's 
maid.  In  Passion  Week  141 7,  he  received  a  present  of  eels 
and  lampreys  from  the  Society,  and  on  the  13th  of  August 
following  they  divided  "zod.  among  the  labourers  in  his  harvest 
at  Sparsholt.  Not  long  afterwards  Fromond  and  his  wife  were 
guests  in  Hall  at  one  of  the  large  dinners  which  the  Warden 
was  then  in  the  habit  of  giving.  Two  extra  cooks  were  em- 
ployed on  that  occasion,  and  there  was  music  afterwards \ 

Fromond  died  in  November  1420,  a  few  days  after  making 
his  wilP,  which  was  proved  on  the  29th  of  that  month  at  King's 
Somborne  before  John  Langhorne,  Commissary  General  to 
the  Bishop  of  Winchester.  After  giving  a  number  of  charitable 
legacies  and  endowing  a  chantry  in  the  parish  church  at  Spars- 
holt,  Fromond  devised  ^  a  tenement  in  the  parish  of  St.  John  in 

*  '  In  dato  Ricardo  de  Hida  ministrallo  venienti  ad  Coll.  tempore  quo  dnus 
Joh.  Forest  et  dna  de  Fromond  et  alii  generosi  invitati  fuere  ad  prandium  vj"*. 
In  dat.  Ada  Chandler  adiuvanti  in  coquina  eodem  tempore  viij*.  In  dato 
Rogero  coco  Ste  Elizabethe  pro  simili  causa  eodem  tempore  xij"*.  In  exp.  Hen. 
Russel  equitantis  ad  diversas  partes  pro  volatilibus  et  aliis  providendis  erga 
dictum  diem,  cum  uno  equo  conducto  ad  idem  per  vj  dies  iij"^.' 

*  Printed  ill  the  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  xvi.  pp.  166-73. 

'  This  deserves  explanation,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  alienation  of  land  by 
will  was  not  allowed  in  this  country  (except  here  and  there  by  special  custom) 
previously  to  Stats.  32  H.  VIII,  c.  i  and  33  H.  VIII,  c.  5.  Although  the  feudal 
law  prohibited  devises  of  land,  people  got  over  the  diflSculty  (as  they  always 
do  when  the  law  interferes  with  freedom  of  disposition)  by  the  device  of 
enfeoffing  their  executors  and  then  directing  them  verbally  or  otherwise  how 


John  Fromond.  165 

the  Soke,  another  in  the  parish  of  Winnal,  and  a  third  without 
the  north  gate  of  Winchester  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of 
Winchester  College  for  the  purpose  of  buying  clothes  {pro  in- 
dumentis  emendis)  for  the  choristers  of  the  College.  Each  of 
these  boys  was  to  receive  three  yards  of  cloth  yearly,  of  a 
different  colour  from  that  worn  by  the  scholars \  If,  the  tes- 
tator continued,  the  income  should  not  suffice  (as  proved  to  be 
the  case)  to  provide  so  much  cloth,  the  deficiency  was  to  be 
made  up  out  of  the  profits  of  the  manor  of  Allington  and  a 
moiety  of  the  manor  of  Fernhill,  which  he  had  already  devised 
to  the  College  as  a  provision  for  keeping  the  anniversary  of  his 
death.  The  officiating  chaplain  was  to  receive  3s.  on  this  occa- 
sion ;  the  Warden,  if  he  officiated,  40s. ;  every  clerk  and  scholar 
who  attended,  2d. ;  and  13s.  j\d.  was  to  be  laid  out  on  a  pittance 
throughout  hall.  Provision  was  also  made  for  a  chaplain  who 
should  sing  mass  daily  for  the  souls  of  the  Fromonds,  in  the 
chapel  which  the  testator  had  built  in  Cloisters,  now  known  as 
the  Chantry.  The  chaplain's  stipend  was  to  be  ten  marks,  or 
£6  13s.  4</.  per  annum.  William  Clyff,  the  first  chaplain,  died 
on  March  14,  1433-4,  ^^id  was  buried  in  the  Chantry  under  a 
brass,  since  removed  to  Cloisters,  which  bears  the  following  in- 
scription : — 

ORATE  P  AIA  DNI  WILO  CLYFF  p'mI  CAPELLANI  ISTI  .  CAPELLAE  QUI 
OBIIT  xiiij<*  DIE  MENS.  MARCH  ANO  DNI  MCCCC"*  XXXiij°  GUI  .  AXE 
P'PICIET   DE.      AMEN. 

Fromond's  will  was  that  the  Warden  and  Fellows  should 
nominate  Clyff^s  successors.  Consequently  every  one  of  his 
successors  was  a  fellow  of  the  College.     They  were : — 

to  dispose  of  the  land  after  their  death,  in  confidence  that  the  church  would 
see  the  direction  carried  into  effect.  It  is  true  that  this  practice  was  forbidden 
by  Stat.  27  H.  VIII,  c.  lo,  so  that  there  is  a  period  of  five  years  in  our  history 
during  which  lands  could  not  be  alienated,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  will.  But 
in  Fromond's  time  it  was  possible.  However,  in  the  case  of  copyholds,  to 
which  Stats.  32  H.  VIII,  c.  i  and  33  H.  VIII,  c.  5  did  not  extend,  the  tenant 
was  obliged  to  surrender  to  the  use  of  his  will  until  the  year  1815,  when  a 
Statute  was  passed  (55  Geo.  Ill,  c.  192")  rendering  devises  of  copyholds  valid 
without  a  surrender  to  the  use  of  the  will. 

*  In  the  year  1450  the  choristers  received '  blewe  maydekyn ',  costing  37s.  the 
piece  of  twenty-four  yards,  and  in  the  following  year  '  blewe  medley '  and 
'grene  medley,'  costing  365.  the  piece.  At  this  time  the  price  of  a  like  quantity 
of  scholar's  cloth  was  34  s. 


1 66  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


William  Wyke 
John  Gynnore . 
John  Hajrward 
John  Dogoode . 
John  Curteys  . 
John  Clere 
Richard  Dunstall 
Richard  Phyllypps 


1433 
1466 
1492 
1502 
1509 
1514 
1524 
1529 


Phyllypps  remained  chaplain  until  the  first  year  of  Edward 
VI,  when  all  such  endowments  were  abolished.  Fromond's 
obit  was  kept  on  November  9,  the  anniversary  of  his  death. 

Fromond  bequeathed  to  his  widow  his  two  best  silver-gilt 
cups  with  covers,  his  two  second-best  silver-gilt  cups  with 
covers,  a  silver-gilt  pyx  for  pepper  (pro  pulvere),  six  plain  silver 
cups,  two  silver  salts,  two  silver  bowls,  twenty-three  silver 
spoons,  one  text^  (codex)  mounted  in  silver  gilt,  one  Note'' 
ornamented  with  silver,  all  utensils  and  linen  and  woollen 
articles  in  his  chamber  and  pantry,  a  set  of  vestments  with  a 
chalice,  and  another  set  for  use  on  week-days,  with  cruets, 
portable  altar,  and  bell.  Also  all  his  live  and  dead  stock  at 
Sparsholt  and  Mapledurham,  and  her  wearing  apparel  ^  And 
after  giving  numerous  other  legacies,  including  one  to  the 
College  of  a  goblet  of  silver,  parcel  gilt,  a  new  antiphonary, 
unbound,  and  a  new  chalice,  Fromond  disposed  the  residue  of 
his  property  to  pious  uses.  The  executors,  besides  his  wife, 
were  Warden  Thurbern,  Richard  Seman,  and  Richard 
Wallop,  who  succeeded  Fromond  as  College  steward.  Each 
of  them  had  a  legacy  of  40s.  contingent  on  acting.  Fromond's 
remains  were  interred  in  his  chantry. 

This  is  a  structure  of  Bere  stone,  thirty-six  feet  long  by 
eighteen  wide.  There  are  two  three-light  windows  on  either 
side,  and  one  of  five  lights  at  each  end.  The  stained  glass 
over  the  entrance  doorway  was  inserted  by  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Erie,  at  a  cost  of  £200.  That  in  the  east  window  comes  from 
Thurbem's  chantry  (Chapter  XIII).  It  contains  the  oldest 
extant  likeness  of  Wykeham  (for  that  in  the  east  window  of  the 

*  A  copy  of  the  Gospels  or  gospel  book. 
'  A  music  book. 

'  So  completely  did  marriage  denude  a  woman  of  everything  that  could  be 
called  her  own,  that  even  her  wearing  apparel  belonged  to  her  husband. 


John  Fromond.  167 

College  chapel  has  been  renewed),  also  the  Holy  Trinity,  the 
Archangel  Gabriel,  and  a  number  of  female  saints,  St.  Apol- 
lonia,  St.  Margaret,  St.  Ursula,  St.  Agnes,  St.  Elizabeth, 
St.  Barbara,  St.  Cecilia,  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  St.  Helena, 
St.  Anne,  and  the  Virgin  Mary.  The  groined  ceiling  has  on 
the  bosses  the  following  coats  of  arms : — 

Fromond. — Arg.  a  chevron  or  between  three  fleurs-de-lis  argent. 

John  of  Gaunt,  King  of  Leon  and  Castile. — Argent.  A  lion 
rampant  sable,  quartering  gules  for  Leon,  a  castle  or  for  Castile. 

Cardinal  Beaufort. — Quarterly,  France  and  England,  a  border 
gobony  argent  and  azure,  over  all  a  cap. 

Henry  VL — Quarterly,  France  and  England,  Arg.  three  fleurs- 
de-lis  or:  second,  gules,  three  lions  passant,  gardant  of  the 
second.    The  third  as  the  second,  the  fourth  as  the  first. 

Baron  de  Grey. — Barry  of  six  argent  and  azure,  a  bend  quar- 
tering azure,  three  lioncels  passant,  gardant  in  pale  argent. 

HusEE  OR  Hussey. — Or,  a  cross  vert.  Crest ;  A  stag  lodged  under 
a  tree. 

Beauchamp,  E.  of  Warwick. — Quarterly,  first  and  fourth  gules 
a  fess  between  six  crosses,  corslets  or.  Second  and  third, 
cheeky  or  and  arg.  a  chevron  ermine. 

Palmer  of  Winthorp. — Argent,  three  palmers'  staves  sable, 
the  rests  head  sand  ends  or. 

Nicholas  Bubwith,  Bp.  of  Bath  and  Wells,  1408-25. — Argent, 
a  fess  engrailed  between  three  chaplets  of  holly  leaves  sable. 

John  Berkeley,  Sheriff  of  Hants,  3  Hen.  IV. — Gules,  a  chevron 
between  ten  crosses  fermee  argent,  4,  2,  i,  2,  i. 

Woolnoth  and  Legh. — Quarterly,  first  and  fourth  a  cross  voided 
couped  sable ;  second  and  third  argent,  three  lozenges  azure. 

PoPHAM. — Argent  on  a  chief  gules :  two  buck's  heads  caboched  or. 

Archbishop  Stafford. — Or,  a  chevron  gules. 

Courtenay. — Or,  three  torteauxes  in  chief,  a  file  with  three 
labels  azure. 

Uvedale. — Argent,  a  cross  moline  gules. 

Prior  Nevill  ? — A  lion  rampant  in  chief,  four  keys,  two  and  two, 
addossed. 

Fitzalan,  E.  of  Arundel. — Gules,  a  lion  rampant  or,  quartering 
sable,  a  fret  or. 


1 68  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Sir  John  Holonde. — Quarterly,  France  and  England,  a  bordure 
azure,  charged  with  verdoy  of  fleur-de-lis  or. 

Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberland. — Or,  a  lion  rampant  azure; 
quartering  gules,  three  luces  haurient  argent. 

Richard  Neville,  Earl  of  Salisbury. — Gules,  a  saltier  argent, 
quartering  argent,  three  lozenges  gules. 

Thomas,  Duke  of  Gloucester. — Quarterly,  France  and  England, 
a  border  argent. 

This  chantry  was  not  consecrated  until  the  year  1437.  An 
Irish  Bishop  had  consecrated  the  College  chapel,  and  another, 
the  Bishop  of  Annadown,  consecrated  the  chantry  as  Beaufort's 
suffragan  on  August  26  in  that  year  : — 

*  In  una  cena  dat.  Epo  Enagdunensi  consecranti  altare  in  capella 
Fromond,  cum  ij*  viij"*  dat.  duobus   famulis  eiusdem,  v^  viij'^  .  .  . 
In  exp.  fact,  circa  suffragan.  DnI  Cardinalis   consecrant.  altare  in 
capella  Fromond  xxvj  die  Augusti  et  alios  prandentes  in  camera 
custodis— ix^  x^.' 

Fromond's  widow  was  of  the  party.  She  probably  lived  in 
Winchester,  The  establishment  at  Sparsholt  must  have  been 
broken  up  afler  Fromond's  death,  for  before  the  year  of  her 
mourning  was  over  she  presented  the  Society  with  the  stones 
and  gear  of  the  mill  there.  This  mill  was  worked  by  horse 
power,  and  serv^ed  to  grind  wheat  and  malt  for  the  College 
until  the  water  mill  was  built  more  than  a  hundred  years  after- 
wards. It  is  likely  that  she  survived  her  husband  more  than 
twenty  years,  for  it  was  not  until  the  year  1442  that  the  Society 
got  possession  of  the  property  devised  for  clothing  the  choris- 
ters, which  was  of  course  subject  to  her  dower  as  long  as  she 
lived  ^  The  Warden  spent  fifteen  days  in  London  in  the  month 
of  November  1442,  on  the  business  of  obtaining  a  license  to 
hold  the  manors  of  Allington'^  and  Fernhill  in  mortmain;  and 
obtained  it  on  condition  of  paying  a  relief  of  £6  13s.  \d. — one 
year's  value  probably — to  Alice  Neville,  Countess  of  Salisbury, 
of  whom  the  manors  were  held,  and  to  her  eldest  male  lineal 

^  She  bequeathed  to  the  Society  a  cup  mounted  in  silver  gilt  inscribed  : — 
*  He  schal  have  Crystes  blessying  to  his  dele 
Whoso  of  me  drinketh  wele.' 
'  The  other  moiety  of  this  manor  was  made  over  to  the  College  by  Bishop 
Beckington. 


John  Fromond.  ■  169 

descendant,  as  often  as  there  should  be  a  change  of  Warden. 
The  Society  formally  accepted  Fromond's  benefaction  by  deed, 
dated  June  20,  1446,  and  thereby  bound  themselves  and  their 
successors  to  perform  the  conditions  attached  to  it,  under  pain 
of  forfeiting  the  sum  of  loos.  for  every  breach  to  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester  and  the  Society  of  New  College  in  equal  moieties. 

The  Society  undertook  the  care  of  the  fabric.  They  pro- 
vided new  doors  in  the  year  1439  for  the  chantry  and  the  room 
over  it,  as  well  as  at  the  entrance  to  cloisters  and  the  exit  from 
their  south-west  corner  leading  to  meads  ^  —  *  Sol.  Joh. 
Carpenter,  Londiniensi,  circa  facturam  valvarum  hostii  capelle 
Fromond,  hostii  librarie  in  etdem  capella  et  valvarum  hostii 
claustri  et  gardini  hoc  anno  p.  xviij  dies,  capienti  p.  diem  v^. — 
vijs.  vjV.,'  is  the  entry  in  the  computus  relating  to  it — and  in 
the  year  1455  they  put  in  a  brazier  to  warm  it  in  the  winter. 
'  Sol.  pro  j  novo  Vyrepanne,  cum  j  novo  pair  ly  tongs  viij«^.' — 
The  writer  of  this  sentence  evidently  spoke  broad  Hampshire 
and  wrote  as  he  spoke. 

The  chantry  was  of  course  disused  under  Edward,  and  save 
during  Mary's  reign,  when  a  chantry  priest  officiated  as  of  old, 
was  shut  up  until  a  fresh  benefactor  appeared  on  the  scene. 
Robert  Pinke  (adm.  1588),  who  was  Warden  of  New  College  from 
161 7  to  1642,  in  the  year  1629  converted  the  chantry  into  a  library 
for  the  use  of  the  Society  at  his  own  expense.  '  Huius  biblio- 
thecae  aream  fundavit,  eamque  stallis,  subselliis,  scriniis,  catenis, 
ferramentisque  omnibus  impensa  sua  ornavit,'  is  the  tribute  to 
his  memory  in  the  Book  of  Benefactions  to  the  Library.  The 
importance  of  this  benefaction  to  a  body  of  resident  fellows, 
such  as  then  existed,  cannot  be  exaggerated.  The  old  library 
over  the  treasury  had  indeed  been  restored  at  some  expense 
(£32  i8s.  5</.)  in  the  year  1562 ;  but  it  was  an  inconvenient 
room  for  the  purpose,  ill-lighted,  at  the  very  top  of  everything, 
and  not  nearly  large  enough  for  the  purpose  after  the  invention 
of  printing.  The  chantry  made  an  admirable  library.  There 
is  a  view  of  the  interior  in  Ackerman's  History  of  the  College  of 
Winchester.  The  books — a  valuable  collection — were  catalogued 
by  W.  T.  Alchin  ''■  in  1840,  and  afterwards  arranged  by  Bohn. 
The  Society  were  indebted  to  Dr.  Hodges  (Fellow  1851-80)  for 

*  See  ante,  p.  64. 

*  Librarian  to  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London. 


170  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

many  improvements  in  this  department.  In  the  year  1875  most 
of  the  books  were  removed  to  a  chamber  in  College,  and  the 
chantry  became  a  chapel  again,  holding  about  one  hundred 
juniors.  The  room  overhead  was  designed  for  a  scriptorium,  or 
room  to  copy  MSS.  in.  Such  a  room  was  wanted  before 
printing  came  in,  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  up  the  stock  of 
service  books  required  for  use  in  the  College  chapel.  This 
room — libraria  it  is  called  in  the  rolls,  never  scriptorium — is 
admirably  suited  for  its  purpose.  The  roof  is  of  plain  timber, 
supported  by  beams  springing  from  corbels  carved  with  angels 
bearing  shields,  and  has  a  modern  coved  ceiling.  It  is  well 
lighted,  having  four  windows  on  each  side,  and  one  at  each  end. 
It  was  used  as  a  granary  in  1562  \  but  was  restored  by  Warden 
Pinke  and  used  to  receive  some  of  the  books  —  a  purpose 
which  it  still  serves. 

The  exterior  of  the  Chantry  was  repaired  in  1889-90,  and 
most  of  the  carved  work  was  restored  by  Mr.  R.  L.  Boulton, 
of  Cheltenham,  the  sculptor  who  carved  most  of  the  statues 
in  the  screen  of  Winchester  Cathedral,  and  the  Uvedale  coat 
of  arms  referred  to  on  page  48. 

^  I  find  in  the  computus  of  this  year  '  Sol.  Rob'"  Longe  laboranti  in  compon- 
endo  ly  gyn  (the  gin  or  windlass)  in  novo  granario  supra  capellam  Fromond, 
cum  ij  famulis  pro  ij  diebus,  et  pro  sibi  pro  iij  diebus,  iij' .  .  .  item  Rogero  Longe 
pro  j  novo  fune  pro  grano  sublevando  in  solarium,  ij»  vj"*.' 


CHAPTER  X. 

CARDINAL     BEAUFORT. 

Succeeds  Wykeham. — Gives  image  of  Our  Lady  to  the  College. — The  appro- 
priation of  Andover  Priory. — Its  history. — Angel  Inn. — News  of  Agin- 
court. — Tithes  of  silva  caedua. — Dispute  with  Chapter  of  Sarum. — The 
Cardinal's  munificence. — His  obit. — Simon  Kent,  of  Reading. 

Henry  Beaufort,  half-brother  of  Henry  IV  and  Cardinal  of 
England,  succeeded  Wykeham  as  Bishop  of  Winchester.  He 
is  called  Henry  Bewford  in  the  computus  rolls,  because  that 
was  the  Hampshire  pronunciation  of  his  surname,  just  as 
Beaulieu  is  called  Bewley\  A  dinner  given  in  the  College 
Hall  on  the  occasion  of  his  installation  in  Winchester 
Cathedral  appears  to  have  cost  the  large  sum  of  £4  45.  8^., 
including  the  charges  'diversorum  hominum  equitant.  et 
peditant.  pro  diversis  victualibus  pro  eodem.' 

In  March  1411-12  the  Cardinal  sent  a  silver-gilt  'ymage'  of 
Our  Lady  '  sedentis  cum  filio  in  cathedra '  as  a  present  to  the 
Society  against  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  in  that  month  '^. 
Two  or  three  days  afterwards,  while  it  was  yet   Lent,   the 

Cardinal  dined  in  Hall.     The  bill  of  fare  was  as  follows  : — 

» 

*  Two  gross  of  pickled  salmon,  5s.  8//. ;  five  pads  of  lampreys  from 
Gloucester,  335.  %d. ;  messenger  to  order  them,  and  carriage,  6s.  o\d. ; 
a  sturgeon  from  London,  3s.  2d. ;  salted  lampreys,  35. ;  fifty  lamperns 
and  six  gross  of  eels,  7s.  &/. ;   a  quarter  of  porpoise,  ds.  2>d. ;   twelve 

*  Beaufort,  a  character  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  play  The  Noble  Gentleman 
is  named  '  Bewford  '  in  the  old  editions. 

*  '  In  dato  Joh.  Famham  camerario  Diii  EpI  Wynton  in  festo  Annunciacionis 
Beate  Marie  deferenti  usque  Collegium  ymaginem  Beate  Marie  argent,  et  de- 
aurat.  de  dono  dicti  Dni  Epl.'  This  image  remained  on  the  High  Altar  from 
that  time  until  i  Ed.  VI. 


172  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

salted  congers,  55. ;  four  crabs  from  Salisbury,  65. ' ;  the  tail  end  of 
a  turbot,  35.  i,d.  Dessert :  A  pot  of  "grenegyngyver,"  weighing  one 
pound,  25.  %d. ;  three  pounds  of  dates  "id. ;  four  chardeguynes  (Char- 
doons  or  artichokes),  a  pottle  of  Romney  and  a  pottle  of  bastard,  141^  V 

John  Rymay,  the  Cardinal's  own  cook,  had  a  fee  of  3s.  for 
advice  and  assistance  on  this  occasion.  The  good  manners  of 
the  scholars  must  have  impressed  the  Cardinal  favourably, 
for  in  Easter  week  he  sent  his  company  of  minstrels  to  give  a 
performance  in  Hall. 

About  a  year  afterwards  the  Cardinal  was  instrumental  in 
procuring  for  the  College  a  grant  of  the  possessions  of  St.  Mary's 
Priory  at  Andover.  It  was  one  of  the  alien  priories,  endowed 
by  William  the  Conqueror,  who  gave  the  church  of  Andover  to 
the  monks  of  St.  Florence  in  Anjou.  King  William's  charter  is 
preserved  in  an  inspeximus  dated  June  i,  8  Ed.  Ill  (1325). 

*  Noverint  qui  sunt  et  qui  venturi  sunt  quod  Willfhus  Rex  qui 
armis  Anglicam  terram  sibi  subjugavit  dedit  Sto  Florencio  ecclesiam 
de  Andever,  et  ea  que  ad  ecclesiam  pertinent,  videlicet  j  hidam  terre 
et  xiij  acres  et  decimas  de  omni  dominio  suo  quod  est  in  ipsa  parochia ; 
hoc  est  de  annona  de  porcellis  de  agnis  de  caseis  et  de  proprio 
passuagio  ^  unum  porcum  in  festo  Sti  Martini  et  pascua  xij  bourn  et 
equorum  et  omnium  ovium  falde  *  monachorum  cum  suis  pecudibus 
et  silvam  ad  calefaciendum  monachos,  ad  panem  coquendum,  ad 
cervisiam,  ad  sepes,  ad  domos  claudendas,  et  x  porcos  in  silva  sua 
sive  passuagio,  etc' 

The  Priory  was  sequestrated,  like  the  rest  of  the  alien 
priories,  under  Edward  III.  A  copy  of  the  inventory  of  the 
goods  and  chattels  of  the  Priory  at  the  time  of  the  sequestration 
is  in  the  possession  of  Winchester  College.  It  was  made  by 
Peter  de  Brugge"*  and  Nicholas  Bray.  The  Priory,  however, 
died  hard.  The  Prior,  Denys  Chanoun,  had  interest  enough  at 
Court  to  obtain  a  warrant  to  stay  the  sequestration ;    and  the 

1  Why  from  Salisbury  ?  The  price  and  number  forbid  us  to  assume  that  river 
cray-fish  are  meant. 

*  The  cost  of  bread  and  beer  is  not  given,  probably  because  it  was  charged  to 
the  account  of  commons.  Dessert  and  wine,  to  judge  from  the  small  quantity 
of  each,  must  have  been  served  at  the  High  Table  only. 

*  Pannage,  or  feed  for  swine. 

*  Fold. 

*  High  Sheriff  of  Hampshire,  1366-9,  He  founded  a  chantry  to  the  Virgin 
Mary  in  the  parish  church  of  Andover  circa  a.d.  1374.  The  deed  of  foundation 
is  said  to  exist  among  the  archives  of  the  Corporation  of  Andover. 


Cardinal  Beaufort.  173 

next  (and  last)  Prior,  Nicholas  Gwyn,  who  was  instituted 
October  29,  1399,  was  able  to  procure  a  re-grant  of  the  Priory  in 
his  own  favour,  subject,  however,  to  a  condition  that  the  Priory 
should  pay  to  the  King  (Henry  IV)  and  his  heirs  during  the 
remainder  of  the  war  with  France  the  same  annual  sums  as  it 
paid  to  the  parent  monastery  previously  to  the  war,  and  should 
in  addition  maintain  sundry  English  monks,  chaplains,  and 
officials,  and  bear  other  burdens  set  forth  in  the  charter  of 
restitution.  There  had  been  already  some  negotiations 
between  the  College  and  the  monks  of  St.  Florence  touching  the 
purchase  of  the  Priory,  and  Richard  II  had  granted  letters 
patent  sanctioning  the  alienation ;  but  Gwyn's  stroke  of  policy 
put  an  end  to  these  negotiations.  On  the  general  dissolution  of 
the  alien  priories,  decreed  by  the  Parliament  held  at  Leicester 
in  the  first  year  of  Henry  V,  the  custody  of  the  Priory  was 
given  to  Gwyn,  charged  with  the  payment  of  a  pension  of  twenty 
marks  (£13  6s.  8ci.)  yearly  to  Queen  Joan,  the  widow  of  Henry 
IV,  and  of  forty  marks  (£26  13s.  ^d.)  to  the  Crown.  Gwyn 
then  saw  his  interest  in  renewing  the  negotiations  with  the 
College,  and  finally  made  over  the  Priory  to  the  Warden  and 
Fellows,  Subject  to  the  above-mentioned  charges,  and  reserving 
to^himself  a  pension  for  life  of  fifty-two  marks  (£34  13s.  ^d.). 
This  sum  was  probably  all  that  the  Priory  was  worth  at  this 
time,  for  its  annual  value  in  i  Hen.  VI  appears  by  the  charter  of 
that  King  confirming  the  transfer  to  the  College  to  have  been 
only  one  hundred  and  ten  marks,  which  leaves  a  surplus  of  but 
fifty  marks  after  satisfying  the  demands  of  Queen  Joan  and  the 
Crown.  The  deed  of  transfer  to  the  College  bears  date 
September  1,1  H.  V  (1413).  The  common  seal  of  the  Priory 
could  not  be  found,  and  a  new  one  (costing  i6d.)  had  to  be  cut 
before  the  deed  could  be  sealed  by  Prior  Gwyn.  Richard 
Bedunay,  Prior  of  Cogges,  who  seems  to  have  been  agent- 
general  for  the  house  of  St.  Florence  at  this  time,  had  a  fee 
of  65.  8d.  for  his  share  in  the  transaction ;  and  a  man  of 
Andover  named  William  Payn,  whose  name  will  occur  again, 
received  the  same  sum  for  his  friendly  offices.  A  charter  of 
Henry  V,  dated  at  Westminster,  December  10,  2  H.  V,  confirm- 
ing the  Warden  and  Scholars  in  the  possession  of  the  Priory,  is 
in  the  muniment  room  at  Winchester.  This  charter  recites  the 
license  granted  by  Richard  II  to  the  Warden  and  Scholars  to 


174  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

acquire  alien  priories  to  the  value  of  200  marks  per  annum.  It 
alludes  to  the  seizure  of  the  Priory  by  Edward  III,  and  its  restitu- 
tion by  Henry  IV  to  Nicholas  Gwyn  ;  and  goes  on  to  recite  that 
the  King  having  heard  that  Thurbern  had  acquired  possession 
of  the  Priory  by  virtue  of  the  license  granted  by  Richard  II, 
was  graciously  pleased  out  of  respect  for  the  pious  and  laudable 
intentions  of  the  Founder  and  Richard  II,  and  out  of  considera- 
tion for  the  acceptable,  praiseworthy,  and  beneficial  services 
of  his  dearest  uncle  Henry  (Beaufort),  Bishop  of  Winchester 
and  Patron  of  the  College,  and  at  the  earnest  and  special 
request  of  the  said  Bishop,  to  confirm  the  Warden  and  Scholars 
in  the  possession  of  the  Priory  and  its  appurtenances. 

There  is  also  an  inspeximus  of  the  Charter  of  Privileges,  dated 
at  Westminster,  July  26,  i  Ed.  IV,  which  contains  a  special  con- 
firmation to  the  Warden  and  Scholars  of  the  Priory  and  its 
appurtenances.  In  this  inspeximus  no  notice  is  taken  of  the 
Charters  of  the  Kings  of  the  House  of  Lancaster,  and  when  the 
name  of  Henry  V  occurs  he  is  styled  'de  facto  rion  de  jure  rex.' 

There  is  also  an  inspeximus  z^ddvessed  to  the  Keeper  of  Chute 
Forest  by  Humphrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  in  his  capacity  of 
Lord  High  Keeper  of  the  King's  Forests  within  Trent,  of  a 
Charter  of  Henry  V,  heir  and  regent  of  France,  and  Lord  of 
Ireland,  which  confirms  the  Conqueror's  gift  to  the  monks  of 
St.  Florence  in  favour  of  Winchester  College. 

It  was  a  long  time  before  the  College  derived  any  benefit 
from  the  Priory.  The  Warden  and  Fellows  actually  petitioned 
Humphrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  to  get  them  discharged  from 
the  pension  to  Queen  Joan,  but  without  success^ ;  and  she  did 
not  die   till  the  year    1437.      Gwyn  enjoyed   his  pension   for 

'  '  To  the  ryght  myghty  and  dowted  {sic)  Prince  the  Due  of  Gloucester : — 
'  Plese  hit  to  youre  myghty  princehode  to  consider  how  that  late  the  right 
noble  and  myghty  princesse  Quene  Johanna  graunted  to  Rob*.  Thurberne 
Wardeyn  of  the  College  called  Seynt  Marye  College  besyde  Wynchestre  to 
pardone  the  sayd  Wardeyn  and  scolers  ther  of  xx  mark  yerly  to  her  dewe  of  the 
same  College  in  parcell  of  her  dowery.  Which  pardon  was  granted  in  way  of 
Almes  by  cause  of  the  greate  loss  of  the  sayd  Wardeyn  and  Scoleres  by  the 
destructyon  as  by  brennyng  of  this  toun  of  Andover,  by  which  toun  in  fore 
tyme  stood  the  most  substance  of  hir  lyflode.  There  upon  of  your  gracious 
and  myghty  princehode  so  to  ordeyne  that  the  forsayd  quene  of  her  good  grace 
wold  make  acquytaunce  of  the  forsayd  xx  mark  yerely  to  be  paid  for  tyme  that  is 
passed :  and  also  of  her  grace  to  grant  a  discharge  to  the  sayd  Wardeyn  and 
Scolers  for  tyme  that  is  to  come,  for  the  love  of  God  and  in  work  of  Charyte.' 


Cardinal  Beaufort.  175 

twenty  years,  and  any  chance  of  surplus  income  while  he  lived 
was  swept  away  by  a  dreadful  fire  which  occurred  in  the  year 
1435,  being  the  one  referred  to  in  the  petition  in  the  note.  It 
destroyed  the  College  Inn  in  the  High  Street,  the  inn  now 
called  the  AngeP.  The  Society  were  not  able  to  rebuild  it 
until  the  spring  of  1445.  The  contract  for  the  carpenter's 
work  bears  date  March  4,  1444-5  : — 

*  This  endenture  mad  bytwene  Mr.  Robert  Thurbem,  Wardeyn  of 
the  college  y called  Seynt  Marie  College  of  Wynchester  byside 
Wynchester,  felows  and  scolers  of  the  same  college  of  that  one 
parte,  and  John  Hardyng  and  Richard  Holnest,  carpenters,  of  that 
other  parte,  witnesse  that  the  said  John  and  Richard  shal  wel  and 
connably  make  in  so  moch  as  to  carpentre  bilongeth,  that  is  for  to 
say  A  inne  with  inne  the  toune  of  Andever,  the  which  shal  be  sette 
in  a  voide  ground  in  the  North  parte  of  the  land  y  called  Niggesland,'' 

X       X 

conteynyng  in  circuyte  xvij '  fete,  in  the  Counte  of  Suth*,  cont.  in 
widenesse  xxiiij  fete  north  and  south  in  length  xx  fete  with  a  sety 
utward  of  ij  fete  est  and  west.    Al  so  fro  the  suthchambr  inward  al 

X    X 

to  be  billed  cont.  iiij  fete  in  the  which  shal  be  stables  in  widnesse 
by  grond  xx  fete,  with  chambers  above  xxij  fete  in  widnesse  and  v 
fete  ytak  owte  of  the  same  chambers  in  widnesse  for  oriell,  and 
every  oriel  the  pryncipal  hamsill  (?)  and  ymouellid  aboute,  and 
ij  fete  by  twyne  every  mouel.    Al  so  fro  the  north  chambr  inwards 

X    X 

iiij  fete  and  billid  with  kechyn  and  stables  in  like  wyse.  Also  in  the 
ende  of  the  said  Inne  ;  that  is  for  to  say,  in  the  west  party  of  the 

X    X 

same  inne  al  billyd  cont.  iiij  fete  and  x  like  to  the  north  and  south 
parte,  savyng  a  chamber  over  a  gate  in  the  said  parte  with  a  wyndowe 
cordyng  to  the  portratur*.  Also  the  groundsill  of  the  same  inne  a 
fote  brode  and  ix  inches  thikk.  The  postes  of  the  same  j  fote  brode 
and  X  inches  thikk.  The  (illegible)  ....  accordyng  to  the  same  with 
the  joistes  aforstret  viij  inches  brode  vj  thikk  and  bytwene  every 
poste  vij  inches.  The  joistes  inwards  vij  inches  of  brode  vj  thikk  and 
by  twene  every  joiste  viij  inches.  The  walplates  viij  inches  squar 
thorow  al  the  bildyng.    The  rafters  vj  inches  brode  iiij  thikk  thorow 

*  Speaking  of  this  Inn,  the  late  Rev.  C.  Collier  in  Andover  and  its  Neigh- 
bourhood says,  '  In  that  part  of  the  house  inhabited  by  Mr.  Reynolds  we  have 
some  stone  shields  of  arms  of  very  early  date.  In  one  of  Mr.  Reynolds'  rooms, 
too,  was  found  a  wooden  panel  containing  the  arms  of  Wykeham  .  .  .  Tradition 
points  out  to  you  the  room  in  this  house  where  King  John  slept.' 

*  It  belonged  in  29  Ed.  Ill  to  Godfrey  de  Nugge, 
'  i.  e.  340  feet. 

*  Portraiture  or  elevation 


iy6  Annals  of  IVnichester  College. 

all  the  bildyng  and  by  twene  every  rafter  ix  inches  space.  Al  so 
the  said  John  and  Richard  shal  make  al  manner  of  speris,  bynches, 
dores,  wyndowes,  in  bildyng  of  beddes,  and  saw  al  manner  hordes 
and  plankes  to  the  said  inne  longing,  after  a  portratur  ther  of  mad 
or  better,  according  to  the  Covenantis  in  this  endenture  rehersed. 

XX  XX 

Of  the  which  xvij  fete  iiij  x  to  be  billed  north  and  south  a  forestrete, 
upon  the  same  ground  :  Where  on  shal  be  sette  in  the  Suth  parte 
of  the  forsaid  ground  a  chamb""  xxiiij  fete  widnesse  and  brede,  and 
the  same  chambr  the  forsaid  John  and  Richard  at  here  own  coste 
shal  poste  heme  and  flore.  Also  northward  fro  the  same  chambr 
a  gate,  conteynyng  xij  fete  bi  grounde  in  widnesse,  over  the  which 
gate  shal  be  a  chambr  cont.  in  length  xxij  fete,  of  the  which  x  fete 
to  be  trussed  over  into  the  halle.  Also  a  halle  north  fro  the  same 
gate  cont.  in  length  xxx  fete  and  xx  fete  in  widnesse,  with  a  coupel 
trussel  for  the  groundsile.  Al  so  a  chamb'  in  the  north  parte  of 
the  same  halle,  savyng  bord  longyng  to  dores  and  wyndows  and 
racks  and  mangers.  Als  so  the  same  John  and  Richard  shal  mak 
al  manner  dores  and  wyndows  a  cordyng  to  the  portratur  above 
rehersed  or  better.  Furthermore  to  be  vounde  ^  to  the  same  John 
and  Richard  tymber  with  the  carriage  so  much  as  hit  ned3^h  to 
the  said  work,  so  that  the  said  John  and  Richard  with  their  workmen 
be  not  let  in  defaute  of  cariage  in  dew  tyme  so  that  weder  fail.  Al 
so  the  tymber  to  be  felled  at  the  cost  of  the  said  John  and  Richard, 
and  they  to  have  the  offel  of  the  said  tymber  for  their  labour.  Al  so 
of  the  makyng  of  this  said  work  the  forsaid  John  and  Richard  hath 
day  from  the  feste  of  the  Annunciation  of  our  lade  nexte  foUowyng 
after  the  makyng  of  this  present  wrytyng  endentid  in  to  the  same 

X   X 

feste  seuyng  by  tweyne  hole  yere.  Takyng  for  theyr  labour  iiij 
pounds  and  x,  that  is  for  to  sey,  x  pounds  at  bigynning  and  so  further 
to  be  paid  as  the  work  encreseith.  In  witnesse  of  the  which 

thyngs  to  one  part  of  this  script  endented  toward  the  forsaid  John 
and  Richard  remeynyng  We  the  said  Rob*  Thurbern  Wardeyn  of 
said  College  felowes  and  scolers  of  the  same  oure  common  seal  have 
putte :  to  that  other  parte  of  this  script  endented  towards  us  re- 
meynyng the  forsaid  John  Hardyng  and  Richard  Holnest  ther 
sealls  ther  have  putte.  Given  the  fourth  day  of  March  in  the  yere 
of  the  reynyng  of  Kyng  Harry  the  sexte  after  the  Conquest  thre 
and  twentieth.' 

In  the  summer  of  1415,  while  Henry  V  was  at  Winchester, 
on  his  way  to  Southampton,  where  the  expedition  against 
France  was  fitting  out.  Cardinal  Beaufort  paid  a  flying  visit  to 

'  Hampshire  for  '  found.' 


Cardinal  Beaufort.  177 

the  College.  He  and  his  suite  were  entertained  with  a  refec- 
tion of  trout,  cherries,  and  wine,  costing  2s.  lod.,  and  a  present 
was  made  to  him  of  bows  and  arrows  for  his  use  when  he  went 
a-hunting  in  any  of  his  parks  in  the  county. 

'  In  xij  arcubus  empt.  apud  Londin.  mense  mail  pro  Dno  Epo 
Wynton.  et  familia  sua  ad  dandum  inter  eosdem  tempore  venacionis 
in  diversis  parcis  suis  in  comitatu  Southton.  xxij^  viij''.  Et  in  vj 
duoden.  sagittar.  pennis  pavonum  et  aliarum  volucrum  pennat.  empt. 
ibidem  eod.  tempore  pro  dicto  Epo  xviij*  ij'*.  Et  in  vj  duoden.  capitum 
barbillat.  emptis  pro  diet,  sagitt.  viij*  viij*.  ...  in  exp.  Willmi  Tygale 
et  NichI  Cranmer  existencium  Londin.  ad  dictas  sagittas  et  arcus  et 
alia  dona  supra  dicta  emenda,  per  xj  dies  et  j  noctem  viij^  ...  In 
dat.  servienti  Willmi  Tygale  deferenti  de  Londin.  usque  Collegium 
supradictos  arcus  et  sagittas  que  dabantur  Dno  Epo  iij«  iiij*. 

On  another  occasion  a  dish  of  pears  was  provided  for  his 
refection,  and  a  dish  of  pears  of  another  sort  for  visitors  who 
came  at  the  same  time  : 

'  In  Wardenperis  empt.  et  dat.  Dno  Epo  in  festo  St.  Luce  Evan- 
geliste  x^.    Item  in  kychenperis  empt.  pro  extraneis  supervenient,  v"^.' 

is  the  entry  in  the  computus. 

It  was  a  son  of  one  of  the  Cardinal's  gentlemen-at-arms  who 
brought  to  the  College  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Agincourt : — 

'  In  dato  Job.  Coudray,  filio  Edvardi  Coudray  armigeri  Dni  Epi 
Wynton.,  deferenti  novos  rumores  ad  collegium  de  ultra  mare  de 
ducibus  comitibus  baronibus  militibus  et  aliis  generosis  de  Francia 
captis  per  Dnm  Regem  nostrum  nunc  Angliae  in  quodam  bello  facto 
apud  Agyncourt  in  Pecardia  in  festo  Sanctorum  Crispini  et  Crispi- 
niani  anno  regni  sui  iij*'"  et  usque  in  Angliam  postea  cum  dicto  Dno 
Rege  ductis,  vj"  viij'i.' 

One  of  these  prisoners  of  war,  Lewis  by  name,  was  bought  of 
his  captors  by  the  College,  and  found  a  place  as  a  cook  in  the 
College  kitchen. 

'  In  soluto  pro  quodam  Francigena  noie  Lodeuico  servient,  in 
coquina  hoc  anno  (141 5)  xx*  iiiji^.' 

The  Society  may  well  have  had  a  French  cook\  for  it  was  a 

^  However,  Lewis  did  not  possess  the  culinary  skill  which  the  Society  too 
hastily  assumed  that  one  of  his  nation  must  possess,  for  he  appears  shortly  after- 
wards in  the  character  of  groom,  and  used  to  ride  progress  in  attendance  on  the 
Warden. 

N 


178  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

year  of  unusual  festivity;  no  less  than  37s.  9^</.  being  expended 
in  dessert  at  different  times  : 

*  In  vino  dulci  rub.  et  alb.,  piris,  serviciis  (serbs  or  service  berries) 
et  aliis  delectabilibus  empt.  per  vices  per  tot.  hunc  annum,  non  tarn 
pro  Epo  Wynton.  quam  pro  aliis  generosis  alienigenis  secum 
venientibus,  et  quam  plurimis  generosis  et  dominabus  supervenient, 
ad  Coll.,  ultra  expens.  fact  et  levat.  in  comunis,  prout  patet  in  Jurnali 
hospicii  (the  book  of  the  Seneschal  of  Hall)  xxxvij*  ix<^  ob,' 

The  Queen  Dowager  (Joan,  widow  of  Henry  IV)  came  on 
one  occasion  in  the  following  year. 

'  In  vino  dulci  alb.  et  rxib.  empt.  per  vices  per  tot.  ann.  pro  Epo  et 
dna  regina  Anglic,  dominis  et  dominabus  et  quam  pluribus  aliis 
generosis  supervenient,  ad  Collegium,  ultra  expens.  et  levata  in 
comunis  xxiij'  viij'*.' 

Still  it  was  not  all  rejoicing  at  this  period.  The  Society  used 
the  influence  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (Chichele)  to 
get  off  paying  the  tenth  which  Convocation  had  granted  towards 
the  expenses  of  the  war  with  France^  but  they  were  harassed  by 
the  exactions  of  the  King's  Purveyors,  who  regarded  not  the 
Charter  of  Privileges,  and  were  not  always  to  be  bought  off,  as 
they  were  in  the  instances  quoted  in  the  note-  from  the  records 
of  1415  and  1419. 

An  intended  visit  of  the  Duke  of  Exeter  in  1418,  when  on  his 
way  to  join  Henry  V  in  Normandy,  seems  to  have  been  put 
off.  I  suppose  that  the  Society  counted  the  cost  of  entertaining 
the  King's  uncle  all  too  dear*,  although  he  was  a  younger  brother 
of  the  Cardinal,  and  one  of  the  heroes  of  Agincourt.  However, 
he  was  a  guest  in  1442,  and  a  juggler  was  had  in  for  his  amuse- 
ment.     *  In  dato  Glocest.  joculatori  ludenti  coram  custode  et 

*  In  quodam  dono  dat.  ArchiepO  Cantuar.  pro  bona  adiuvacione  sua  habend. 
de  exoneracione  decime  concesse.  Dno  Regi  per  clerum  in  convocacione 
celebrata  Londin.  xviij™"  die  Nov.  una  cum  x»  dat.  cuidam  clerico  dicti  Dm 
Archiepi  pro  sollicitacione  sua  habend.  ad  p'  diet.  Dnin  Archiepum  ex'.' 

*  '  In  dato  J  oh.  Brykeforde  eaptori  avenarum  pro  hospicio  diii  Regis  laborant. 
ultra  mare  pro  favore  suo  de  non  capiendis  avenis  apud  Roppele  et  in  aliis 
maneriis  Collegii  iij'  iiij<*.  In  dato  John  Bursetre  eaptori  frumenti  capiendi  pro 
diTo  rege  ut  in  precio  ij  virgarum  panni  radiati  et  in  dat.  inter  servientes  suos 
pro  amicitia  sua  habenda  in  maneriis  et  rectoriis  Collegii  iiij'  viij"!.' 

^  In  dato  Johi  Bolton  valetto  de  Camera  ducis  Exon.  venient.  ad  Collegium 
cum  littera  directa  ad  custodem  ad  hospitand.  dictum  ducem  in  Collegio  tempore 
quo  venturus  erat  Wynton.  ad  regem  ultra  mare  existentem  vj*  \\\]^  :  In  exp. 
Thome  Baylemond  (a  Fellow)  equitant.  Londin.  mens.  Feb.  ad  ducem  Exon. 
ferent.  eidem  litteram  pro  eo  quod  non  hospitaretur  in  Collegio  x'  viij''. 


Cardinal  Beaufort.  179 

sociis  penultimo  die  Julii  ob  reverenciam  ducis  Exon.  fratris 
Dni  Epi  Wynton.  xij5.' 

Another  visit  of  Beaufort  in  1419  is  only  known  to  us  through 
an  entry  of  6d.  paid  *  diversis  hominibus  emundantibus  at 
purgantibus  aulam  et  cameras  erga  adventum  domini^'  A 
present  to  him  of  six  capons,  two  '  fessauntes,'  and  four  par- 
tridges, while  at  Merewell  (Marwell)  about  this  time,  cost  7s.  ^d. 

A  little  later  the  Cardinal  was  in  Normandy,  and  one  of  his 
people  who  called  at  the  College  to  say  that  his  master's  health 
was  good  ^  received  a  gratuity  of  8^.,  and  a  pair  of  gloves  which 
cost  i6d. 

Beaufort's  great  work  in  connection  with  the  Hospital  of  St. 
Cross,  which  he  nearly  rebuilt,  is  described  in  Milner's  History 
of  Winchester.  The  church  was  dedicated  on  the  Saturday  in 
the  second  week  of  the  first  term  of  the  College  year,  i.  e.  about 
the  middle  of  October  1420.  After  the  ceremony,  the  Warden 
and  Fellows  gave  a  dinner  in  the  College  Hall  to  some  friends, 
including  Boreway,  Keswyk,  Kyngesmylle,  Pyes,  Smythford, 
Welman,  and  three  people  from  the  village  of  St.  Cross. 
Four  singing  men  from  St.  Cross,  and  Deverose,  'the  litigious 
tailor,'  dined  with  the  servants  on  this  occasion.  Fromond, 
the  steward,  Keswyk,  and  Tychfeld  were  guests  at  supper. 

In  1423,  three  years  later,  the  Cardinal  mediated  with 
success  in  a  dispute  which  had  arisen  between  the  College 
and  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Sarum  about  the  right  to  tithe  of 
silva  caedua  in  the  Forest  of  Finkley,  which  is  a  purlieu  of 
Chute  Forest,  and  lies  about  two  miles  north-east  of  the  town  of 
Andover  on  the  Roman  Road  known  as  Portway.  As  successors 
in  title  of  the  Priory,  the  Society  were  appropriators  of  the 
great  tithe  of  the  parish  of  Andover  ;  and  the  real  question  in 
dispute  was,  whether  the  purlieu  of  Finkley  was  included  in 
the  parish  of  Andover,  or  not.  Under  the  advice  of  Chief 
Justice  Haukford',  given  apparently  while  on  circuit  at  Win- 

*  The  Cardinal,  like  Wykeham,  is  generally  called  dominus  in  the  computus 
rolls. 

'  In  dat  Williiio  Thomes,  sen.  valetto  Dni  nostri  Patroni  venienti  ad  Coll. 
a  dicto  DiTo  de  partibus  transmarinis  nuncianti  prosperum  statum  eiusdem  dni 
patroni,  una  cum  xvj<*  ut  de  precio  j  paris  cirotecarum  empt.  et  dat.  eidem  viij''.' 

'  Sir  William  Haukford,  made  a  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  May  6,  1398, 
vice  Thirnyng.  He  became  Chief  Justice  of  the  Kings  Bench  under  Henry  V, 
March  29,  14 13,  (Foss,  Lives  0/  the  Judges,  temp.  H.  VI). 

N  2 


i8o  Annals  of  Winehester  College. 

Chester,  the  Society  sued  out  a  writ  of  prohibition  in  order 
to  stay  certain  proceedings  which  the  Dean  and  Chapter  had 
taken  in  the  Court  of  Arches  against  the  College  in  a  cause  of 
subtraction  of  tithe '.  Cardinal  Beaufort  intervened  at  this 
stage  of  the  dispute,  and  induced  the  two  bodies  to  refer  it 
to  Master  James  Cole,  the  Proctor-General.  Cole  made  an 
award  in  favour  of  the  College.  The  Warden  at  once  employed 
his  allies,  Richard  Wallopp  '^,  William  Payn,  and  Richard  Sott- 
well,  to  cut  an  acre  of  underwood  which  had  been  set  out  by 
the  owner  to  answer  the  year's  tithe ;  and  this  they  did  with 
the  help  of  a  number  of  men  of  Andover,  in  defiance  of  a 
prohibition  from  the  Court  of  Arches,  which  the  Cardinal 
advised  them  not  to  obey.  In  the  following  Easter  week  (April 
i6,  1422),  a  Forest  Court  was  held  at  the  '  Wodehows '  ^  in 
Finkley,  for  the  purpose  of  laying  down  the  boundaries  of  the 
parish.  There  were  present  John  Lysle%  Warden  of  the 
Forest ;  John  Harryes,  his  deputy ;  Roger  Merewell,  verderer  ; 
Ralph  Greyshanks,  William  Cleve,  John  Wardayn,  and  Richard 
Douce,  regarders ;  and  William  Parke,  forester  of  Finkley. 
There  were  present  also  Sir  Walter  Sandes,  Knt. ;  Richard 
Wallop,  justice  of  the  peace ;  Robert  Hampton,  vicar  of 
Hurstborne ;  Thomas  Theobald,  rector  of  Wee  (Weyhill) ; 
Thomas  Saye,  rector  of  Penyton  (Penton)  Mewsey;  Nicholas 
North,  rector  of  St.  Lawrence,  Winchester ;  Roger  Stonham, 
chaplain  of  the  chantry  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  Andover ;  John 
Holborn,  chaplain  of  the  chantry  of  St.  John  the  Baptist, 
Andover ;  Richard  Stodewell,  William  Payn,  Thomas  Benne- 
bury,  John  Frylond,  John  Norton,  John  Raymond,  Walter 
Gierke  of  Andover,  William  Wythge,  Walter  Thorne,  Thomas 
Penyton,  and   many  other  neighbours  and  parishioners  who 

*  Tithe  was  payable  by  common  right  oi  silva  caedua,  which  is  not  great  wood 
or  timber.  A  Canon  of  16  Ed.  Ill  declared  that  all  wood  was  silva  caedua  and 
titheable ;  but  by  Stat.  45  Ed.  Ill,  prohibition  shall  be  granted  whenever 
a  writ  is  issued  in  a  Spiritual  Court  for  tithe  of  silva  caedua.  Hence,  probably. 
Sir  William  Haukford's  advice,  which  Warden  Thurbern  acknowledged  by 
sending  to  him  a  jack  from  the  river  Itchen. 

'  One  of  the  verderers  of  Chute  Forest  and  regarder  of  the  purlieu  of  Finkley. 
'  Now  Woodhouse  Farm,  situate  about  3|  miles  N.  N.  E.  of  the  town  of  An- 
dover. 

*  Qy.  the  John  Lysle  who  was  a  Commissioner  to  take  the  names  of  the 
gentry  of  Hampshire  in  12  H.  VI  (1433).  Perhaps  the  boy  Lysle  who  was  in 
Commoners  in  1448  (see  p.  113)  was  a  son  of  his. 


Cardinal  Beaufort.  i8i 

came  at  the  request  of  the  vicar  of  Andover  (John  Canon),  on 
the  ground  that  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the  parish  of  Andover 
were  being  called  in  question.  Nobody  since  this  remarkable 
day  has  ventured  to  deny  that  Finkley  is  a  purlieu  of  the 
parish  of  Andover. 

Shortly  afterwards,  Cardinal  Beaufort  made  an  award,  de- 
claring the  tithe  of  silva  caedua  in  the  vill  of  Finkley  to  be  the 
property  of  the  Warden  and  Scholars,  who  were  to  pay  a  relief  of 
55.  every  seven  years  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Salisbury  \  It 
was  a  victory  for  the  Society,  but  a  costly  one.  The  expenses 
of  the  Court  fell  wholly  on  the  College  ^,  an  d  they  had  already 
spent  605.  in  having  the  cut  underwood  watched  by  night  and 
day,  lest  the  people  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  should  carry 
it  away  as  they  seem  to  have  threatened  to  do.  At  the  ensuing 
Christmas,  I  find  an  account  of  the  Society  sending  presents  to 
Sir  Walter  Sandes  and  Richard  Wallopp  as  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  part  they  had  taken  in  the  affair ;  to  the  former,  six 
capons,  six  couple  of  rabbits,  and  a  six-lb.  pot  of  that  costly 
luxury  *  grenegyngyver,'  which  cost  14s.  6d.,  and  to  the  latter 
six  couple  of  rabbits  and  a  gallon  of  wine,  which  cost  3s. 

In  the  year  1430  the  Cardinal  held  a  visitation  of  the  Col- 
lege :— 

'  In  vino  empt.  pro  Epo  Roffens.  venienti  ad  vidend.  Coll.  tempore 
visitacionis  Dm  Cardinalis  et  aliorum  generosorum  tempore  assisarum 
sessionum  et  aliis  diversis  temporibus  hoc  anno,  iiij^  iii  j^.' 

In  the  following  year  they  made  him  a  present  of  a  pair 
of  horses,  which  cost  £13  65.  Qd. 

A  birthday  present  to  him  in  the  year  1440  is  recorded 
thus : — 

*  In  X  caponibus  presentat.  diio  cardinali  erga  suum  natalem,  cum 
iiij'  solut.  pro  xviij  perdicibus  et  expensis  Ricardi  Baret  ^  et  aliorum 
laborancium  pro  acquisicione  earundem,  xl^  x**.' 

The  Cardinal  died  April  11, 1447,  and  was  buried  in  the  mag- 
nificent chantry  in  the  cathedral  church  of  Winchester  which 
bears  his  name.      He  had  given  shortly  before  his  death  a  sum 

^  Henry  II  had  granted  (21  Dec.  1258;  the  forest  of  Andover  to  the 
church  of  Sarum  (Sarum  charters  and  documents,  ccxx,  Rolls  Scries,  vol.  I). 

^  It  is  quite  likely  that  the  Dean  and  Chapter  did  not  appear.  The  Court 
was  composed,  as  far  as  we  know,  of  friends  of  the  College. 

*  The  Warden's  man. 


1 82  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

of  £ioo  to  the  Society  for  the  purchase  of  the  manor  of  Buttes, 
in  the  parish  of  Barkham,  Berks.  The  manor  was  purchased, 
and  by  an  instrument  under  their  corporate  seal,  dated  Novem- 
ber 6,  1447,  the  Society  obliged  themselves  to  celebrate  the 
Cardinal's  obit  on  the  anniversary  of  his  death.  A  perfect 
example  of  the  College  seal  is  attached  to  the  instrument.  It 
provides  that  '  Requiem '  and  *  Exsequiis  mortuorum '  shall  be 
sung  on  the  vigil  of  the  anniversary.  On  the  day  itself,  a  distri- 
bution of  28s.  8(/.  is  to  be  made.  To  the  Warden,  2s ;  to  each 
fellow  and  chaplain,  izd. ;  to  the  schoolmaster,  if  he  be  a 
priest,  i2d.;  if  he  be  not  a  priest,  provided  he  can  read  the  psalter, 
lid)  to  the  usher  if  he  can  do  the  same,  Qd.  ;  to  every  lay  clerk, 
4^. ;  for  wax,  i-zd. ;  for  a  pittance  throughout  Hall,  105. 

In  1450  the  Society  employed  Simon  Kent,  of  Reading,  the 
father  of  the  Scholar  John  Kent  \  to  sell  the  manor  of  Buttes, 
and  buy  in  lieu  of  it  the  manor  of  Halland,  in  the  parish  of  Tile- 
hurst,  near  Reading.  Why  they  made  this  exchange  is  not 
apparent.  They  treated  Kent  with  a  degree  of  confidence 
which  he  doubtless  deserved,  not  only  allowing  him  to  buy  on  his 
own  account  several  of  the  lots  into  which  the  manor  of  Buttes 
appears  to  have  been  divided,  but  also  giving  him  credit  for  a 
portion  of  the  purchase  money.  We  find  him  in  1453  paying 
£4  6s.  Bid.  on  account  of  £15  due,  'pro  diversis  empcionibus  per 
eundem  in  vendicione  manerii  de  Buttes,'  and  several  more 
years  elapsed  before  the  balance  was  paid.  Tilehurst  is  only 
five  miles  from  Reading,  where  Kent  lived,  and  it  is  possible 
that  he  recommended  the  Society  to  sell  one  manor  and  buy 
the  other  for  the  improvement  of  their  income.  If  so,  he  was 
probably  a  land  agent.  It  appears  from  the  following  entry  of 
1450  that  he  was  a  man  of  the  rank  of  a  gentleman,  and  that 
the  Society  were  satisfied  with  the  way  in  which  he  carried  out 
the  sale  : — 

*  In  ij  virgis  panni  coloris  de  secta  generosorum  (of  the  sort  which 
gentlemen  wear)  dat.  Simoni  Kent  ....  pro  laboribus  suis  habitis 
in  vendicione  manerii  de  Buttys  ij*  viij^.' 

'  Whose  brass  is  in  Headbourne  Worthy  Church.  He  died  14  August, 
1434.  There  are  tombstones  of  the  Kent  family  at  Headbourne  Worthy,  and 
a  tenement  in  that  parish  is  known  as  Kent's  alley  house. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


Warden  Thurbern  (1413-50). 

Thurbem's  character. — His  chantry. — Fate  of  his  chasuble. — Shaw  manor. — 
Rosamond's  Bower. — Eling  causeway. — Ladies  in  College  Hall. — Wives  of 
parish  clergy. — Alwyn  schoolmaster. — Whyte  the  Lollard. — Provost 
Westbury. — Dean  Say. — Wages  in  1431. — John  Bedell. — Dispute  with 
citizens  of  Winchester. — Visits  of  Henry  VL — His  gifts. — Bishops  Russel 
and  Janyn. — Ive  the  schoolmaster. — Case  of  mortuaries  at  Andover. — 
Isabel  de  Foxcote. 

Robert  Thurbern  was  a  native  of  Winchester,  and  doubtless 
one  of  the  poor  scholars  who  fed  at  Wykeham's  table  prior  to 
the  opening  of  the  College,  as  he  was  admitted  to  a  fellowship 
of  New  College  in  the  year  1388.  He  was  given  to  hospitality, 
and  managed  the  affairs  of  the  Society  with  ability,  never  fear- 
ing to  engage  in  litigation  when  the  rights  of  the  College 
were  at  stake.  During  the  financial  difficulties  of  his  headship, 
he  refrained  from  drawing  his  stipend,  which  was  upwards  of 
ten  years  in  arrear  at  the  time  of  his  death.  A  little  while  before 
that  event  happened,  he  made  over  to  the  College  twenty-one 
messuages,  forty  acres  of  arable  land,  five  of  meadow,  forty  of 
pasture,  and  two  of  wood,  with  their  appurtenances,  situate  in 
Romsey,  Stanbrygge,  Maydenstone  (Mainstone),  Welles,  and 
Ashford,  as  a  provision  for  keeping  his  obit  '  in  quadam  capella 
per  nos  sumptuose  construenda  capelle  B.  Marie  Wynton  prope 
limites  eiusdem  ex  parte  australi  contignanda  et  construenda  ' — 
in  a  chantry  which  he  designed  to  erect,  and  which  was  erected 
thirty  years  after  his  death,  on  the  site  of  the  belfry.  Thurbern 
had  bought  these  lands  of  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham,  Knt.,  the 
founder's  grandnephew  and  heir.     The  following  entries  in 


184  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

the  computus  of  the  year  1444  may  perhaps  fix  the  date  of  the 
purchase. 

*  In  exp.  factis  circa  abbatem  de  Hyda,  dnrn  Thomam  Wykeham, 
militem,  consanguineum  dm  fundatoris,  et  alios  prandentes  in  camera 
custodis  xxix™"  die  lulii  et  in  victualibus  et  vino  xiij'  viij"*  ....  in 
vino  empt.  et  miss,  ad  Oterbome  eodem  tempore  ix^.* 

The  estate  at  Otterborne,  where  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham  was 
residing  at  this  time,  was  one  of  the  estates  which  the  Founder 
entailed  on  the  marriage  of  his  grandnephew,  William  Wyke- 
ham, with  Alice  Uvedale,  and  came  to  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham 
on  the  death  of  that  couple  without  issue.  The  estate  recently 
belonged  to  the  Heathcote  family.  About  the  same  time  Thur- 
bern  presented  the  Society  with  a  chasuble  of  crimson  velvet, 
powdered  with  archangels  and  flaming  clouds,  inscribed  R.  T. 
with  a  Jesse  border ;  also  a  cope  and  set  of  vestments  for  deacon 
and  sub-deacon  to  match.  The  velvet  escaped  the  fate  of  such 
things  under  the  Reformation,  and  being  found  stowed  away  in 
a  garret  in  the  year  1770,  was  given  to  the  churchwardens  of 
Wyke,  near  Winchester,  by  the  desire  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Blackstone,  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  College,  who  was  Rector 
of  that  parish,  in  order  that  it  might  be  used  as  an  altar-cloth. 
What  became  of  it  afterwards  I  have  been  unable  to  ascertain. 

Thurbern  died  October  30,  1450,  and  is  buried  under  the 
Chapel.  His  brass,  one  of  the  renewed  ones,  gives  the  full- 
length  figure  of  a  vested  priest,  with  the  following  inscriptions  : — 

'  Cum  non  possitis  fratres  evadere  mortem  memento  mei  in  precibus 

vestris.' 

'Custos  Robertas  Thurbern  cognomine  dictus 
En  morior  certus  cui  non  parcit  necis  ictus. 
Spes  mea  vera  quies,  bone  JKu  suscipe  gratum 
Quern  tricena  dies  rapit  Octobris  febre  stratum, 
Anno  milleno  Domini  C  quater  sociato 
Et  quinquageno  morior.     Bone  Xte  juvato. 
Deprecor,  oretis  pro  me  custode  secundo, 
Discas  lege  pari,  custos,  non  credere  mundo.' 

One  of  Thurbern's  first  acts  was  to  rebuild  the  water  corn-mill 
at  Shaw,  near  Newbury.  A  *  specialis  amicus,'  named  John 
Dan  caster,  or  Dancastel,  gave  the  timber.  The  manor,  with 
the  Rectory  of  Shaw,  had  been  granted  to  the  College  by  letters 


Warden  Thurbern.  185 

patent  in  the  year  1384  (8  Ric.  II),  but  the  Warden  and  Scholars 
— Clerks  were  unable  to  obtain  possession  of  it  until  the  year 
1407,  when  a  benefactor  named  William  Coventre  saw  them 
righted.  He  had  endeavoured,  but  without  success,  to  acquire 
for  the  College  in  the  previous  year  the  manor  of  Great  Wen- 
den,  in  Essex,  and  paid  the  expenses  which  they  had  incurred 
in  the  negotiations,  amounting  to  £10.  The  manor  of  Shaw 
was  held  of  the  Crown  in  capite,  and  Coventre  had  to  pay  a 
fine  of  £25  in  the  year  1425  for  omitting  to  obtain  the  necessary 
license  to  alienate. 

*  Rosamondes  bowre,'  a  place  in  the  College  grounds  con- 
taining a  maze  or  labyrinth,  which  may  have  been  the  original 
of  the  famous  maze  which  the  traditional  scholar  cut  in  the  turf 
on  Hills  before  he  wrote  *  Domum '  and  died,  is  mentioned  for 
the  first  time  in  the  computus  of  1415.  Ninepence  was  spent 
in  that  year  for  stakes  and  *  ryse  '  (brushwood)  to  fence  it,  and 
similar  allusions  occur  for  several  years  afterwards. 

In  the  computus  of  1416  will  be  found  : — 

*  Custus  aulae: — In  cirpis  (rushes)  empt.  pro  sternendo  in  aula 
viij'  vij*.' 

*  Custus  coquinae: — Six  plates,  six  potegers,  and  six  salts  of  Somer- 
set pewter  with  the  Founder's  arms,  weighing  29  lbs.,  at  ^d.  ;—gs.  Bd. 
Ten  dozen  trenchers  {disci  lignei,  the  first  mention  of  them),  25.  ']d' 

In  the  computus  of  141 7  I  find  under  custus  gardini  lod.  for 
two  lbs.  of  onion  seed,  iid.  for  three  'bounches'  of  garlic,  and 
2id.  for  leeks  (quantity  not  stated),  with  6d.  paid  to  a  man  named 
Warren  for  planting  the  latter.  No  other  vegetables  are  men- 
tioned, and  we  know  from  other  sources  that  the  art  of  garden- 
ing did  not  extend  at  that  time  much  beyond  the  onion  tribe. 
Under  custus  domorum  I  find  that  Robert  Moryng  and  his  men 
were  employed  in  repairing  the  roof  of  cloisters  between 
February  i  and  October  25,  Moryng  at  the  rate  of  2s.  Qd.  per 
week,  and  the  men  at  the  rate  of  2s.  6d.  or  2s.  5^.  per  week 
each.  Thomas  Gweyn,  of  Wareham,  had  13s.  4^.  for  100  skalt 
(Purbeck  slate)  delivered  at  Hamble.  The  carriage  from 
H  amble  to  St.  Denys,  by  barge  apparently,  came  to  2s.  8^.,  and 
from  St.  Denys  to  St.  Cross  the  charge  was  20^. 

Under  custus  librariae  appear  charges  in  respect  of  an 
abridged  copy  of  St.  Gregory's  Moralia  : — 


i86  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

*  Seven  quires  of  parchment,  35.  dd. ;  four  prisoners  in  Wolvesey 
Castle  writing  the  abridgement,  4s.  xod. ;  Peter  de  Cheeshill,  illumi- 
nating the  initial  letters  and  binding  the  volume,  65.  loa?.'  ^ 

The  causeway  and  tidal  corn-mill  at  Eling,  up  Southampton 
Water,  were  constructed  in  the  year  1418  by  one  Thomas 
Middleton  on  the  security  of  a  lease  from  the  College.  This 
causeway  shortens  by  more  than  a  mile  the  distance  round  the 
head  of  Southampton  Water,  and  is  maintained  at  the  expense 
of  the  Society  and  their  lessees,  a  small  toll  being  charged  for 
vehicles  passing  over  it.  The  Warden  and  Fromond  rode 
down  to  Southampton  early  in  the  year  141 5  in  order  to  see 
Middleton  about  the  conditions  of  the  lease;  and  a  little  later  I 
find  Keswyk,  North,  and  other  College  people,  riding  to  Hamble 
with  Middleton's  lease,  and  stopping  at  Southampton  on  the  way 
for  the  purpose  of  getting  the  mayor's  seal  affixed,  for  which 
they  paid  a  fee  of  2s.^  This  causeway  may  be  of  public  utility, 
but  it  is  a  damnosa  hereditas  to  the  College.  It  was  ruined  by 
a  flood  in  1741,  and  the  cost  of  repairing  it  fell  on  the  College  : — 

£    s.  d. 

John  Abbot,  of  Eling,  rebuilding  the  bridge          .        .  96    o    o 

Two  wings  to  it  facing  the  sea,  i.  e.  rising  tide      .        .  880 

Work  at  the  tumbling  bay  and  main  hatches        .        .  220 

Kent,  145  tons  of  stone 14  10    o 

Felling,  sawing,  and  carting  timber  allowed  out  of  the 

College  woods 11  14    o 

Blacksmith's  bill 6  18    o 

Hire  of  lighter  twelve  days i  16    o 

Bricks,  lime,  and  labour  to  mill-house  .        .        .        .  16    o    o 

Only  fifteen  years  later  another  flood  necessitated  the  fol- 
lowing outlay : 

New  bridge 29    o  10 

Repairing  causeway 19  14  10 

Felling  and  carting  timber 398 

/52    5    4 

*  This  seems  to  have  been  a  favourite  work.  Thurbern  gave  a  copy  to  the 
Society  on  the  eve  of  his  death.  He  had  bought  it  of  Pye,  of  Pye  Corner,  the 
King's  Stationer.  The  College  paid  Pye's  bill  after  Thurbern's  death,  and  de- 
ducted the  amount  from  the  arrears  of  stipend  which  they  owed  his  estate. 

*  Middleton  being  a  Southampton  man  probably  insisted  on  this  guarantee  of 


Warden  Tlmrbern.  187 

And  one  stormy  night,  in  January  1887,  a  sudden  flood 
carried  away  part  of  the  causeway,  doing  damage  to  the  extent 
of  £1400. 

In  1422  I  find  an  item  of  6d.  spent  on  green  candles  {in 
candelis  viridibus,  rush  lights?)  for  the  eve  of  St.  John  Baptist's, 
or  Midsummer  Day^  Similar  entries  occur  down  to  the 
time  of  the  Reformation.  The  practice  of  lighting  candle-ends 
in  niches  cut  in  Meads'  wall,  which  is  indulged  in  by  the 
Scholars  on  the  eve  of  the  summer  holidays,  may  be  traceable 
to  this  ancient  practice. 

It  is  noticeable  that  women  were  frequently  guests  in  the 
College  Hall  while  Thurbern  was  warden.  For  instance,  on 
a  certain  Thursday  in  the  year  1420  the  party  at  the  fellows' 
table  included  Thomas  Garnesye  and  his  wife,  Henry  Russel's 
wife,  W.  Kenne's  wife  and  her  maid,  the  wives  of  John 
Lussyng  and  Sir  Nicholas  Clyvedon,  and  two  laundresses 
(both  married  women).  A  conjuror  (quidam  joculator)  and 
Thomas  Deverose  the  'litigious  tailor'  mentioned  in  Chapter 
II,  dined  with  the  servants  on  the  same  day.  On  a  Tuesday 
four  months  later  a  nurse  named  Margery  Dale  who  had 
been  engaged  to  sit  up  all  night  with  a  Fellow  named  Crymok, 
who  was  dangerously  ill,  had  her  dinner  and  supper  with  the 
servants.  The  names  of  the  guests  at  breakfast  at  the  High 
Table  on  June  4, 1420,  are  mentioned  below.  One  of  them  was 
the  wife  of  a  parish  clergyman,  who  would  scarcely  have  been 
of  the  party,  although  her  husband  was  an  Uvedale,  if  the 
wives  of  parish  clergymen  had  not  been  generally  received 
in  society  at  this  period  : — 

*  In  jantaclo  fact.  Job.  Uvedale,  vicario  de  Hampton  ''j  uxori  eiusdem, 
Ric.  Wallop,  Will.  Harryes,  et  aliis  cum  suis  famulis  quarto  die  Junii 
XX"  ...  In  cena  facta  Job.  Lysle  armig.  et  uxori  Chamberlyn,  et 
aliis  venient.  cum  iisdem  vij  die  August!  iij*.  ij*^.' 

Nor  was  the  Warden  individually  less  gallant  than  the  society 
over  which  he  presided.     On  November  6,   1433,  he  gave  a 

the  lease  being  properly  executed  by  the  College.  The  same  practice  prevailed 
at  Winchester  and  in  other  corporate  towns  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries. 

'  For  an  account  of  various  particulars  and  superstitions  relating  to  lights  and 
fires  on  this  day,  see  Hone's  Eveiy  Day  Book,  p.  523. 

'  Hampton-on-Thames,  then  in  the  gift  of  the  College.  Was  he  the  father  of 
the  two  Uvedale  boys  who  were  in  commoners  in  1434  ? 


i88  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

dinner  in  his  own  hall  to  the  Treasurer  of  Wolvesey  and  his 
wife,  John  Arnold  and  his  wife,  the  mothers  of  three  of  the 
scholars,  and  a  number  of  other  people :  and  the  following 
entry  occurs  in  the  computus  for  1434  : — 

*  In  expensis  factis  die  lune  in  ebdoma  Pentecostes  circa  matrem 
abbatis  de  Hyda,  uxorem  Job.  Arnold,  Job.  Shapwyk,  uxorem 
eiusdem,  et  alios  prandentes  in  camera  custodis  x^  vj'^.' 

The  last  entry  of  the  kind  is  one  in  1471,  recording  the  fact 
of  the  Abbess  of  Romsey  and  two  of  her  nuns,  a  fourth  lady, 
and  a  prioress  dining  and  supping  in  Hall  on  the  last  Monday  in 
the  last  quarter  of  that  year. 

At  the  end  of  their  year  of  office  the  Bursars  of  1423  wrote  off 
23s.  for  losses  on  light  money  and  variations  in  the  king's 
coinage. 

Under  *  custus  stabuli '  in  1424  will  be  found  the  following 
items  : — 

'  Seventeen  loads  of  hay,  695.  6d. ;  four  loads  of  barley-straw  to 
eat  with  the  hay,  85. ;  sixty-two  quarters  of  oats,  at  ^od.,  £^  3s.  ^. ; 
horse  bread  (quantity  not  mentioned),  6d.;  Robert  Ferrour,  for  fifty- 
four  fore  shoes  at  2d.,  sixty-three  hind  shoes  at  i\d.,  and  eighty 
removes  at  \d.,  20s.  zhd.  ;  physic  (diversa  medicamenta  facta  et 
data  equis  Collegii),  ^d. ;  sixteen  quarters  of  beans,  215.  ^d. ;  four 
pairs  of  "  wateryng  cheynes,"  x6d. ;  a  pair  of  "  styrup  letheris," 
lod. ;  a  new  headstall,  e^d.' 

In  the  same  year  Richard  d'Arcey,  the  schoolmaster  who 
succeeded  Romesye  in  1418,  having  resigned  owing  to  sickness, 
during  which  the  Society  unkindly  stopped  his  stipend,  Richard 
Wallingford,  one  of  the  Fellows,  was  sent  to  Maidstone  to  offer 
the  Mastership  to  Master  John  Baddeston.  Upon  Baddeston's 
refusal  of  the  Mastership,  Wallingford  rode  to  Buckingham,  in 
order  to  see  whether  Master  Thomas  Alwyn  would  accept  it. 
While  Alwyn  was  making  up  his  mind,  Richard  Crymok, 
another  Fellow,  was  on  his  way  to  Salisbury  with  a  conditional 
offer  of  the  post  to  Richard  Martyn.  Another  candidate, 
Richard  Davy,  master  of  the  scolae  guidiacales  at  Gloucester, 
was  invited  to  attend  at  Winchester,  and  was  allowed  65.  Qd.  for 
his  own  expenses,  and  i2.d.  for  his  man's.  Ultimately  Alwyn 
took  the  appointment,  and  remained  schoolmaster  until  Wayne- 
flete  succeeded  him  in  1429. 


i 

Warden  Thurbern.  189 

Among  the  scholars  of  1425-30  were  William  Say,  of 
Aldgate,  who  became  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  in  1447,  and  was 
Prolocutor  of  the  Synod  of  London  in  1463,  and  a  Privy 
Councillor :  he  died  Nov.  23,  1468  ;  William  Whyte  of 
Adderbury,  who  was  burned  for  a  Lollard  at  Norwich  under 
Henry  VI  ;  William  Westbury,  who  became  third  Provost 
of  Eton  in  1463  ;  William  Grene,  Master  of  St.  Cross  Hospital ; 
and  Richard  Uvedale  of  Wickham,  a  great-grandson,  probably, 
of  Wykeham's  patron,  who  died  in  1431  of  an  epidemic 
which  carried  off  seventeen  scholars. 

In  1431  Richard  Wallop  the  steward  of  the  manors  found  his 
health  failing  and  resigned,  returning  his  fee  of  loos.  Francis 
Haydok  succeeded  him.  The  rest  of  the  legal  array  in  that 
year  were  Robert  Colpays,  attorney  in  the  King's  Bench,  with 
a  retainer  of  105. ;  Thomas  Worff,  attorney  in  the  Exchequer, 
65.  d>d. ;  William  Chamberleyn,  standing  counsel,  135.  ^d. ; 
Robert  Heete,  notary,  6s.  8d.  The  notary's  chief  business  was 
to  attest  the  yearly  indenture  of  scholars  ad  Winton  and  ad 
Oxon. 

The  receipts  of  1432  include  a  sum  of  60s.  from  John  Mareys, 
Vicar  of  Andover,  ' de  firmd  altaris  ibidem.*  He  farmed  the 
oblations  of  the  altar  in  the  parish  church  of  Andover,  and  this 
sum  of  60s.  was  the  rent  which  he  paid  to  the  College. 

Servants'  wages  in  143 1  : — 

'John  Langeport, book-keeper  fc/mcwscow/w/i),  405.;  JohnGodewyn, 
warden's  clerk,  205. ;  Richard  Baret,  warden's  valet,  13s.  ^d. ;  Walter 
Husee,  manciple  {dispensator  viciualium),  265.  Qd. ;  John  Wygmore, 
brewer  and  baker,  265.  Qd. ;  Richard  Bole,  porter  and  barber,  26s.  Qd. ; 
Thomas  Caleys  {garcio  panetriae  et  botellariae),  135.  ^d. ;  John  Petyt, 
{garcio  pistrini  et  brasini)  (two  quarters  and  four  weeks  only),  75.  Qd. ; 
John  Baret,  gardener  and  pigman,  205. ;  Lewis  {garcio  stabuli), 
13s.  4.d. ;  Janyn  {garcio  coquinae),  135.  ^d. ;  John  Curtays  {pagettus 
coquinae),  6s.  8d. ;  laundress,  405.'' 

Custus  brasini  in  the  same  year  records  that  the  furnace 
under  one  of  the  coppers  in  the  brewhouse  was  renewed.  The 
name  of  one  of  the  workmen  employed  being  John  PoUiwegge, 
shows  that  '  polliwog  '  for  tadpole  is  not  an  Americanism,  but  an 
old  English  word.     Expenses  of  John  Park  the  junior  fellow 

'  High  wages,  comparatively  ;  but  she  had  to  find  washing  materials,  and  bad 
no  commons. 


190  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

riding  to  Oxford  with  Lewis  the  stable-boy  in  October  after 
a  new  usher,  3s.  ^d. ;  wine  to  Sir  Thomas  Wykeham,  Knt.,  in 
the  Warden's  hall  on  July  29,  13s.  %d} 

The  eastern  wall  of  cloisters  gave  way,  and  had  to  be  rebuilt 
in  1431.  Beech  piles  were  driven  in  the  foundation,  and  thirty- 
six  loads  of  '  burres '  at  ^d.  per  load  were  used  in  the  footing  of 
the  wall.  Staples  (gomphi)  and  hinges  (vertemelH)  for  the  door 
in  the  wall  (King  Henry's  door)  cost  4^/.  And  John  Sherborne, 
mason,  was  at  work  three  weeks,  making  good  defects  in  the 
spiral  staircase  of  Outer  Gate,  and  stopping  cracks  in  the 
chimneys  of  the  porter's  Lodge  and  Fourth  Chamber,  an 
allusion  which  proves  that  the  chimneys  in  the  scholars* 
chambers  are  part  of  the  Founder's  design,  and  were  not  added 
afterwards. 

John  Bedell  was  a  scholar  of  the  year  1440.  He  was  a 
native  of  Meonstoke,  probably  the  son  of  John  Bedell  the 
bailiff  of  the  College  manor  there.  He  missed  New  College, 
and  we  hear  no  more  of  him  till  1457.  In  that  year  a  fleet 
of  ships  from  Liibeck  appeared  off  Calais.  The  Earl  of 
Warwick,  who  commanded  there,  attacked  them  and  was 
repulsed.  The  cry  of  invasion  ensued,  and  Bedell  with  a  party 
of  men-at-arms  was  sent  down  to  Southampton  to  aid  in  the 
defence  of  that  town. 

*  In  expensis  Robti  V5rport  (a  fellow)  equitant.  ad  Hamyll  pro  veris 
rumoribus  habendis  utrum  amici  an  inimici  sint ;  et  in  exp.  Joh. 
Bedell  cum  aliis  armatis  missis  Hampton  in  subsidium  dicte  villa, 
quod  dictum  erat  quod  Francigenae  cum  magna  classe  venissent  ad 
spoliandam  dictam  villam,  xiiij^i  ^' 

Bedell  became  dispensator  or  manciple  in  1462,  and  held 
that  place  of  trust  until  1491.  He  was  mayor  of  Winchester  in 
1496,  and  died  in  1498.  There  is  a  brass  to  his  memory  in 
front  of  the  altar  in  the  College  Chapel,  representing  him  in  the 

*  Possibly  when  the  Warden  was  negotiating  the  purchase  of  the  Romsey 
property. 

*  There  had  been  a  similar  scare  in  1415  : — In  expensis  diu  Willim  Hayne 
(a  Fellow)  Walteri  Harley,  Mri  Willmi  Grover  (another  Fellow,  just  admitted) 
et  aliorum  de  Collegio  equitant.  et  peditant.  ad  Hamele  in  le  Rys  et  ibidem  exis- 
tent, per  iij  dies  pro  defensione  patriae  contra  inimicos  dni  Regis  et  regni  sui  et 
totius  patrie,  una  cum  expens.  Willmi  Walyngford  (a  Fellow)  et  aliorum 
hominum  secum  peditantium  ad  Hamele  pro  simili  causa  alia  vice  et  ultra  ex- 
pens,  fact,  et  solut.  per  Robertum  Tichfeld,  firmario  ibidem,  x^  ix''  ob.' 


Warden  Thiirbern.  191 

citizen's  dress  of  the  time.  His  obit  was  kept  with  Thomas 
Asheborne's  (a  Fellow)  on  January  9,  and  differed  from  other 
obits  in  there  being  provision  for  faggots  in  hall,  and  the 
pittance  being  limited  to  the  scholars.  He  bequeathed  to  the 
College  £20  pro  lihro  dispensatoris,  as  a  fund  to  be  drawn  upon 
whenever  the  dearth  of  provisions  rendered  it  necessary.  His 
example  in  this  respect  was  followed  by  White,  afterwards 
Warden,  Russell,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  other 
Wykehamists,  who  subscribed  £79  13s.  \d.  with  this  laudable 
object. 

About  the  same  time  a  little  friction  arose  between  the 
College  and  the  citizens  of  Winchester,  in  this  wise.  A 
purveyor  had  seized  a  quantity  of  oats,  probably  for  the  service 
of  the  army  in  France,  and  had  given  to  the  owner  a  tally 
or  order  for  £29  165.  4^.,  the  value  of  the  oats,  upon  the 
bailiffs  of  the  City,  who  were  in  arrear  with  the  fee  farm  rent  by 
which  the  City  was  held  of  the  Crown.  The  tally  was  endorsed 
to  the  College,  and  Thurbern  had  to  issue  a  writ  against  the 
bailiffs,  Thomas  Silvester  and  Richard  Rowland,  which  brought 
about  a  settlement.  The  affair  left  no  ill-feeling  behind  it ;  for 
in  1448  Richard  Rowland  in  the  capacity  of  mayor  for  that 
year  was  a  guest  in  the  Warden's  hall.  The  party  included 
the  Provost  of  St.  Elizabeth's  College  and  the  wife  of  the 
Treasurer  of  Wolvesey,  and  must  have  been  a  numerous  one, 
for  the  bread  and  beer  alone  cost  14s.  ^d.  The  other  viands 
were  provided  at  Thurbern's  expense,  so  that  the  cost  of  them 
does  not  appear  in  the  computus  roll.  The  names  of  Richard 
Rowland  and  his  predecessor,  Stephen  Ede,  do  not  appear  in 
the  Guildhall  list  of  mayors  of  Winchester,  a  fact  which  bears 
out  Dr.  Milner's  strictures  on  the  accuracy  of  that  list.  Stephen 
Ede  bequeathed  40s.  to  the  fabric  of  the  Chapel,  and  had 
an  obit  jointly  with  his  son,  a  scholar  of  the  year  1443. 

The  price  of  a  '  bayard  '  or  bay  horse  purchased  in  1440  was 
40s.,  the  seller  taking  an  old  bay  horse  at  6s.  Sd.  as  part  of 
the  price.  Two  horses  bought  at  Amesbury  in  1430 — a  gray 
and  a  bay — cost  53s,  4</.  and  33s.  30?.  respectively.  A  black 
horse  bought  of  the  Rector  of  Newton  Tony  in  the  same  year 
cost  405.  *  In  ij  equis  empt.  apud  Amysbury  in  festo  St.  Joh. 
ante  Port.  Lat.  j  gray  precio  liij'.  iiij<^.  et  alt.  baye  precio 
xxxiij«.  iij*!.  in  j  alio  equo  nigro  empt.  per  Willm.  Smyth  de 


igi  Annals  of  IVinchester  College. 

Lecforde   de   Rectore  de    Newton    Tony   xls in    exp. 

T.  Baylemonde  equitantis  ad  Amysbury  ad  nundinas  ibid,  in 
festo  Sd.  Joh.  ante  Port.  Lat.  pro  equis  providend.  et  emend. 

XV8.' 

Henry  VI  paid  the  first  of  his  visits  to  the  College  in  the 
summer  of  1440,  with  the  object  of  studying  the  working  of 
Wykeham's  foundation  previously  to  founding  his  own  two  royal 
colleges.  A  full  account  of  most  of  his  visits  is  preserved  in 
the  Vetus  Registrum. 

'  Primus  adventus  serenissimi  Principis  H.  VI  fuit  penultimo  die 
mensis  Julii  videlicet  die  Sabbati,  anno  eiusdem  dm  regis  xix™°  quo 
die  interfuit  primis  vesperis  et  in  crastino  misse  et  secundis  vesperis, 
et  obtulit  xiij^  iiij**.' 

His  next  visit  was  in  1442  : — 

*  Item  in  festo  S.  Cecilie  Virginis  (Nov.  22)  idem  christianissimus 
rex  Henricus  VI.  interfuit  in  hoc  CoUegio  utrisque  vesperis  atque 
misse,  in  qua  praeter  oblationem  suam  cotidianam  obtulit  c  nobilia 
ad  ornamentum  summi  altaris  ibidem,  contulitque  notabilem  auri 
summam  scolaribus  et  choristis  in  eodem,  viz.  vi^i  xiij*  iiij<i.  Qui 
insuper  ex  abundantia  affluentissime  gracie  sue  privilegia,  libertates, 
et  franchesias  eiusdem  Collegii  confirmavit  et  ampliavit ;  quare 
dignum  est  ut  eius  in  eodem  perennis  memoria  jugiter  habeatur.  Et 
obtulit  xiij*  iiij^.' 

He  came  again  twice  in  1445,  just  before  the  complete  body 
of  Statutes  for  Eton  College  was  published. 

*  Item  idem  christianissimus  rex  anno  regni  eiusdem  regis  xxiiij 
interfuit  die  dominica,;  videlicet  in  festa  S.  Cuthberti '  (Sept.  4)  '  in 
hoc  Collegio  utrisque  vesperis  atque  misse ;  quo  die  ex  gracia  sua 
dedit  Coll.  optimam  robam  suam  una  excepta  (his  second-best  robe) 
furratam  cum  furrura  de  Sables  ad  Dei  laudem  et  honorem  Be. 
Virginis  ;  et  obtulit  xiij^  iiij^.' 

He  visited  the  College  again  on  May  2,  1445,  with  his  bride, 
Margaret  of  Anjou,  ten  days  after  their  marriage.  Wine,  and 
beer  for  their  suite,  cost  2s.  4^.  The  'rumours'  which  John 
Say  brought  from  foreign  parts  some  months  previously  no 
doubt  related  to  the  treaty  for  this  marriage  and  the  prospect  of 
a  truce  with  France  : — 

'  In  dat.  Joh.  Say,  valett.  camere  Dm  Regis  venient.  xviij  die 
Junii  cum  rumoribus  a  partibus  transmarinis,  vj»  viij^.' 


Warden  Thiirbern.  193 

He  came  again  in  November  the  same  year,  and  was  enter- 
tained with  a  recital  on  the  organ  by  a  clerk  from  the  convent 
of  St.  Swithun  : — 

'  In  expensis  circa  famulos  DnI  Regis  venient.  ad  Coll.  xxj  et  xxij 
diebus  Nov.  v".  Dat.  Rob.  Derby  clerico  Prioris  S.  Swithuni  ludent. 
in  organis  in  choro  in  presentia  DnI  Regis  diebus  supradict.  ij"  iiij<^. 
In  ix  lagenis  et  dim.  vin.  rub.  empt.  erga  advent.  DnI  Regis 
iiij«  iiijd.  Dat.  Blakeney  clerico  Secretarii  DnI  Regis  pro  scriptura 
in  missali  summi  altaris  Coll.  memoranda  sive  notam  de  largissimis 
donatis  et  beneficiis  per  Dnnl  Regem  Coll.  factis  et  ostensis  diebus 
p'dictis  et  aliis  diebus  p'cedentibus,  xx^.' 

He  came  again  on  St.  John  of  Beverley's  Day  (May  7,  1446) 
and  gave  £6  13s.  \d.  to  the  scholars  and  choristers,  as  he  had 
done  in  1442. 

Two  years  afterwards  he  sent  to  the  College  for  information 
about  the  subsoil  of  the  site,  and  had  samples  of  the  earth  sent 
to  him,  for  guidance,  apparently,  in  drawing  up  the  specifica- 
tion known  as  the  '  King's  will,'  respecting  the  building  of 
Eton  College : — 

*  In  dat.  Joh.  Hayne  Valett.  Camere  DnI  Regis  miss,  ad  Coll.  per 
Dnm  regem  pro  noticiis  terrae  fundamenti  Coll.  habendis  xvj"^.  Sol. 
v  laborant.  et  fodient.  pro  terra  ejusdem  fundamenti  mittenda  Dno 
Regi  iij8  viij^.  Et  dat  clerico  M''  Joh.  Cranborne  pro  scriptura  j 
littere  miss,  ad  Dnm  Regem  de  eadem  noticia  fundamenti  habenda 
xyjV 

His  next  visit  was  on  the  occasion  of  the  enthronization  of 
Wayneflete : — 

'Item  idem  illustrissimus  princeps  anno  regni  eiusdem  regis 
xxvii  in  fest.  S.  Wulstani  Episcopi  (Jan.  19)  interfuit  in  hoc  Collegio 
utrisque  vesperis  die  dominica  sed  non  Misse,  quia  exhibuit  pre- 
senciam  suam  in  ecclesia  S.  Swithuni  in  missa  propter  introniza- 
tionem  reverend!  patris  et  domini  DnI  Willelmi  Wayneflete  Episcopi 
Wynton.  nuper  magistri  informatoris  scolarium  huius  Collegii.  In 
crastino  vero  in  die  lune  in  festo  SS.  Fabiani  et  Sebastian!  (Jan.  20) 
idem  metuendissimus  dominus  interfuit  alte  misse  predictorum 
Sanctorum  in  hoc  Collegio  quo  die  dedit  huic  Coll.  unum  Calicem 
de  auro  et  x  libras  in  auro  pro  uno  pari  fiolarum  (cruets)  ordinan- 
darum  de  eodem  auro  ^ ;  et  ultra  ex  sua  magna  gracia  dedit  vij'  iiij**. 
pro  una  pietancia  habenda  inter  socios  et  scolares  in  festo  B.  Marie 
extunc  proxime  sequent! ;  et  obtulit  xiij^  !iij<*.' 

*  Thomas  Fawkes  rode  to  London  to  order  these  cruets  and  again  to  fetch 
them,  at  an  expense  for  both  journeys  of  3s.  ^\d. 

O 


194  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

In  the  summer  of  the  same  year  (1449)  Henry  VI.  resided  at 
Wolvesey  while  Padiament  was  sitting  at  Winchester  (June  16 
— July  16),  and  visited  the  College  six  times.  A  private  en- 
trance was  made  for  his  use  by  throwing  a  bridge  over  the 
Warden's  stream,  so  that  the  King  came  from  Wolvesey  down 
the  lane  leading  to  St.  Elizabeth's  College  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Warden's  stream,  and  crossing  it  by  this  bridge,  entered 
the  College  by  way  of  the  cloisters,  and  so  reached  the  chapel 
without  passing  through  Chamber  Court. 

On  St.  Thomas  a  Becket's  Day  (July  7)  Wayneflete  officiated 
at  matins  and  vespers,  and  Archbishop  Strajford  celebrated  ^ 
high  mass,  assisted  by  the  Bishops  of  Winchester,  Salisbury, 
and  Chichester.  The  King  was  present  at  all  three  services. 
The  Election  was  put  off,  at  the  King's  wish,  in  consequence  of 
Parliament  sitting  at  Winchester — 

*In  expensis  DnI  Fawkes  equitant.  ad  Coll.  Oxon.  pro  alio  die 
eleccionis  limitando  per  Dnm  custodem  ibidem  ex  mandato  Dni 
Regis  existentis  Wynton.  tempore  Parliamenti,  xvj"!.' 

Next  day  (July  8)  the  courtiers  dined  in  Hall,  and  drank,  or 
had  the  chance  of  drinking,  a  pipe  of  Gascony  wine  : — 

*  Sol.  pro  una  pipa  vin.  rub.  empt.  pro  Job.  Fawkes  clerico  Par- 
liamenti at  aliis  de  societate  dnI  regis  prandentibus  in  aula  viij  die 
Julii  tempore  Parliamenti — viiji.' 

On  July  16  Parliament  was  prorogued.  The  King  attended 
high  mass  on  that  day,  and  made  an  offering  of  6s.  ^d.  Also  he 
gave  a  tabernacle  of  gold,  adorned  with  precious  stones  and 
with  the  images  of  the  Holy  Trinity  and  Virgin  Mary  in  crys- 
tal, to  the  High  Altar,  and  a  pair  of  bowls  of  silver-gilt,  with 
the  arms  of  England  and  France  inside,  and  the  following 
verses  engraved  round  their  circumference.  Dr.  Chandler,  the 
classical  antiquary  (adm.  1753),  restored  the  true  reading  of  these 
verses.  It  is  almost  needless  to  add  that  the  bowls  are  no 
longer  in  existence  : — 

'  Principis  Henrici  dedit  aurum  gracia  sexti. 

En  formata  suo  munere  vasa  duo. 
C  junctis  mille  quater,  X  tot,  V,  I  quater,  ille 

Annus  erit  domini ' :   X  bis,  ter  II,  I  ^ 
Lux  fuit  undena  tunc  dupla  Novembria  plena.' 

'  I.  e.  M.  cccc  xxxx  V.  mi.  *  I.  e.  xx  ii  ii  ii  i. 

1449  a  7 


Warden   Thurbern.  195 

These  bowls  weighed  9  lbs.  8f  oz.  troy,  and  cost,  including 
60s.  for  making,  £29  3s.  gd. 

The  last  visit  of  the  King  occurred  in  the  spring  of  1452  : — 
*  Dat.  famulo  de  Say  venient.  ad  Coll.  ad  monendum  custodem 
(Chandler)  de  adventu  dm  regis  erga  dominicam  in  ramis  palmarum 
(Palm  Sunday)  xx^  ...  Et  in  exp.  Fyscher  equitant.  ad  Suthwyk  ' 
et  Portesmuth  pro  piscibus  habendis  et  emendis  pro  dno  rege  xij"*. 
Et  in  exp.  fact,  circa  diversos  generosos  de  familia  dnl  regis  venientes 
ad  Coll.  dominica  in  ramis  palmarum,  ut  in  pane,  cerevisia  et  aliis 
victualibus  x^  viij^.' 

John  Russel  (adm.  1443)  was  born  in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter 
Cheeshill,  Winchester.  He  rose  to  be  bishop  of  Rochester  in 
1476.  Edward  IV  translated  him  to  Lincoln,  and  Richard  III 
made  him  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal.  The  office  of  Chancellor 
of  the  University  of  Oxford,  annual  before,  was  first  conferred 
on  him  for  life  in  1483.  He  died  at  Nettleham,  January  30, 
1490-1,  and  is  buried  in  a  chantry  in  Lincoln  Cathedral.  He 
bequeathed  £40  to  the  College.  Thomas  Janyn  (adm.  1449) 
became  Dean  of  St  Paul's  and  then  Bishop  of  Norwich  (1499- 
1500).  Alwyn  the  schoolmaster  retired  in  1444.  William  Ive, 
a  graduate  of  Oxford,  but  not  a  Wykehamist,  at  any  rate  not 
a  scholar,  succeeded  him  at  Midsummer^. 

A  mortuary  was  a  customary  gift  to  the  parson  of  the  parish 
on  the  death  of  any  person.  It  was,  generally  speaking,  his  best 
chattel,  unless  the  lord  claimed  it  for  a  heriot,  in  which  case 
the  parson  got  the  second-best  chattel.  In  the  parish  of  An- 
doverthe  mortuaries  belonged  to  the  College  as  lay-rectors,  and 
were  farmed  by  the  Vicar  in  the  fifteenth  century.  In  the  year 
1444  a  reference  to  the  subject  occurs  in  the  computus,  owing 
to  the  College  purchasing,  at  the  price  of  5s.,  a  horse  belonging 
to  a  stranger  who  died  at  one  of  the  inns  in  the  town,  which 
the  Vicar's  bailiff"  had  seized  for  the  mortuary.  A  generation 
later  a  dispute  arose  between  the  College  and  sundry  men  of 
Andover  who  had  lost  their  wives — 'Contra  diversos  de  Andever 
subtrahentes  mortuaria  uxorum  suarum — and  refused  to  pay 

*  Southwick  Priory,  where  there  were  fishponds. 

'  '  Sol.  Joh.  Maydeman  equitant.  ad  Oxon,  pro  magistro  informatore  provi- 
dend.  ibidem  viij  dies,  viij<>.  Et  in  dato  M™  W.  Ive,  informatori  p'dicto,  et  W. 
Selby  venienti  cum  eodem  ex  curialitate  pro  eorum  expensis,  cum  xix"*  sol. 
pro  expensis  eorundem  apud  hospicium  angulare  in  Kyngate  SL  (now  the 
Wykeham  Arms),  ix»  ix"*.' 

O  2 


ig6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

mortuaries.  Inasmuch  as  everything  of  the  wife's,  even  her 
wearing  apparel,  belonged  in  law  to  her  husband  at  this  period 
of  our  history,  it  may  be  almost  taken  for  granted  that  the  re- 
calcitrants won  the  day,  on  the  ground  that  their  wives  left  no 
property  which  could  be  the  subject  of  a  mortuary.  It  was  not, 
however,  till  the  year  151 1  that  the  abuse  of  mortuaries  was 
regulated  by  law,  Stat.  2  Henry  VIII.  c  6,  which  enacts  that 
no  parson  or  other  spiritual  person,  or  the  bailiff  of  such,  shall 
take  of  any  person  more  for  a  mortuary  than  is  limited  in  the 
Act ;  and  that  no  mortuary  shall  be  demanded  for  any  woman 
being  covert  baron  (married),  nor  child,  nor  for  any  person 
keeping  no  house. 

The  payment  of  mortuaries  was  enforced  by  excommunica- 
tion, and  not  by  distress.  In  the  year  1294  an  obstinate  parish- 
ioner, Isabel  de  Foxcote,  refused  to  pay  the  mortuary  due  on 
the  death  of  her  husband,  Henry  de  Foxcote.  The  Prior  of 
Andover,  to  whom  the  mortuary  was  due  in  the  capacity  of 
rector  of  the  parish  church,  sued  her  in  the  Consistory  Court 
of  Winchester,  but  the  judgment  of  that  court  had  no  terrors 
for  her;  and  he  then  directed  a  writ  to  the  Dean  of  Andover 
and  the  Rector  of  Faccombe,  a  neighbouring  parish,  enjoining 
them,  after  due  monition,  to  excommunicate  Isabel  de  Foxcote. 
I  subjoin  their  return  to  the  writ,  by  which  it  appears  that  she 
was  excommunicated ;  but  whether  this  brought  her  to  her 
senses  I  have  no  means  of  ascertaining : — 

*  Reverende  discreccionis  viro  dno  officiario  Wynton.  et  eius  com- 
missario  decanus  de  Andever  et  rector  ecclesiede  Faccombe  salutem 
cum  omni  obediencia  reverencia  et  honore.  Mandatum  vestrum 
recepimus  in  hec  verba  :  "  Officiarius  Wynton.  discretis  viris  decano 
de  Andever,  rectori  ecclesie  de  Faccombe,  et  eorum  alteri,  salutem 
in  Domino.  Cum  in  causa  aliquamdiu  in  consistorio  Wynton.  agitata 
inter  Priorem  de  Andever  Rectorem  ecclesie  loci  eiusdem  ex  parte 
una  et  Isabellam  de  Foxcote  relictam  et  executricem  Henrici  de 
Foxcote  ream  ex  (parte)  altera,  per  quod  sacristam  ecclesie  Sti 
Swithuni  Wynton.  comissiarium  nostrum  specialem  in  hac  parte 
invenimus  rite  et  legitime  sentenciatum  exstitisse,  attendentesque 
quod  frustra  fertur  sentencia  que  debite  executioni  non  demandatur. 
Hinc  est  quod  vobis  mandamus  quatenus  canonica  monitione  pre- 
cedente  dictam  Isabellam  ad  prestationem  mortuarii  dicto  rectori 
faciendam  sine  more  dispendio,  prout  rite  et  legitime  condempnatur 
per  interdicti  suspensionis  et  excomunicationis  sententias  de  die 


Warden  Thurburn.  197 

in  diem  compellatur  publice  et  solempniter  locis  omnibus  quibus  per, 
dictum  rectorem  fuerit  legitime  requisita,  et  alter  vestrum  compellat. 
Testificantes  nos  per  vestras  litteras  patentes  harum  speciem  con- 
tinentes  congru^  requisites.  Dat.  Wynton.  ij  idus  Julii  Anno  Domini 
MCC  nonagesimo  quarto."  Huius  scilicet  auctoritate  mandati  dictam 
Isabellam  adivimus  eamque  legitime  monuimus,  et  quod  monitionibus 
nostris  parere  contempsit,  et  dicto  rectori  de  mortuario  non  satisfecit, 
eandem  ab  ingressu  ecclesiae  suspendimus,  et  publice  et  solemp- 
niter excomunicavimus,  et  sic  mandatum  vestrum  diligenter  sumus 
executi.  In  cuius  rei  testimonium  sigillum  decanatus  debitum  una 
cum  sigillo  rectoris  ecclesie  de  Faccombe  presentibus  est  appositum. 
Dat.  apud  Andever  die  Sabbati  proximo  post  Festum  Ste  Marie 
Magdalene  anno  Domini  supradicto.' 


CHAPTER    XII. 

Wayneflete. 

His  schooling. — Headmaster  of  Winchester,  then  of  Eton. — The  Amicabilis 
Concordia. — Barton  Oratory. — Wayneflete  Bishop  of  Winchester. — His 
visits  to  the  College. — Grant  of  water  from  Segryme's  well. — Hugh  Sugar's 
conduit. 

Chandler  says  that  Wayneflete  was  educated  at  New  College^ 
and  it  is  an  article  of  faith  with  Wykehamists  that  he  was  hke- 
wise  at  Winchester.  If  so,  he  was  a  day  boy,  for  his  name 
does  not  appear  in  the  Register  of  Scholars,  or  among  the 
names  of  the  Commensals  in  the  book  of  the  Seneschal  of  Hall. 
Like  Wykeham,  he  carried  the  register  of  his  birthplace, 
Wainfleet  in  Lincolnshire,  in  his  surname.  He  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Richard  Patten,  alias  Barbour,  an  esquire  of  that  county. 
Two  Barbours,  William  (adm.  1427)  and  Nicholas  (adm.  1428) 
were  in  College  under  him  ;  and  there  was  a  William  Barbour, 
possibly  the  one  just  mentioned,  who  conveyed  lands  in  the 
north  and  west  common  fields  of  Basingstoke  to  the  College  in 
1450.  But  there  is  no  evidence  that  these  men  were  of  kin  to 
Wayneflete.  He  succeeded  Alwyn  as  schoolmaster  in  1429. 
After  thirteen  years  Henry  VI  made  him  schoolmaster,  and 
then  provost  of  Eton  College,  the  '  Kynge's  College  of  oure 
Ladye  of  Eton  beside  Wyndesore,'  which  he  had  just  founded 
in  connection  with  King's  College,  Cambridge  '^.  The  vacancy 
at  Winchester  caused  by  Wayneflete's  removal  to  Eton  was 
filled  by  Alwyn,  who  was  persuaded  to  quit  his  parsonage  at 

*  Life  of  Wayneflete,  p.  7. 

'  The  Charter  is  dated  \i  October,  1440. 


Wayne/lefe.  199 

Leighton  Buzzard',  and  take  a  second  plunge  into  the  eddy  of 
active  life  alluded  to  by  Christopher  Jonson^ 

There  is  a  tradition  that  Wayneflete  took  with  him  to  Eton 
five  Fellows  and  thirty-five  scholars  from  Winchester ;  exactly 
half  the  establishment'.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  the  gaps  in 
the  Register  which  such  a  migration  would  make.  Only  six 
scholars  are  recorded  in  the  margin  of  the  Register  to  have 
quitted  Winchester  for  Eton  *.  It  is  possible  that  the  number  of 
thirty-five  may  have  been  made  up  from  the  ranks  of  the  com- 
moners and  day  boys,  but  no  evidence  exists  as  to  this.  Nor 
is  it  recorded  of  any  Fellow  of  Winchester  College  that  he 
quitted  it  for  Eton.  Two  old  scholars,  Foster  (adm.  1434)  and 
Morer  (adm.  1441)  exchanged  fellowships  of  New  College  for 
fellowships  of  Eton  College.  Three  of  the  Eton  headmasters, 
Clement  Smith,  William  Horeman,  and  Thomas  Erlisman, 
became  headmasters  of  Winchester,  but  no  headmaster  of 
Winchester  has  been  promoted  to  the  corresponding  office  at 
Eton. 

That  the  two  Colleges  considered  themselves  closely  related 
to  each  other  in  the  early  days  of  the  existence  of  King  Henry's 
foundation  is  proved  by  the  Amicabilis  Concordia,  or  deed  of 
mutual  alliance,  which  was  drawn  up  in  the  year  1464,  the  con- 
tracting parties  being  Nicholas  Osulbery,  Warden  of  New 
College ;  Robert  Thurbern,  Warden  of  Winchester  College  ; 
William  Millington,  Provost  of  King's  College ;  and  William 
Wayneflete,  Provost  of  Eton.  A  precedent  for  such  a  treaty 
will  be  found  in  the  '  Eirenicon '  of  Trinity  Hall  and  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Cambridge,  in  1353'.     The  parties  declare  that 

'Although  the  foundations  over  which  they  respectively  preside 
are  situate  in  different  localities,  yet  they  have  one  and  the  same 

'  *  In  exp.  Ric.  Boureman  (one  of  the  Fellows)  et  Ludovici  equitancium  ad 
Lython  Biyssard  in  com.  Bedeforde  ad  loquendum  cum  M™  Thoma  Alwyn  et 
intimandum  eidem  consensum  custodis  et  sociorum  pro  informatore  scolarium 
Coll.  in  festo  Michaelis  proximo  future,  et  de  voluntate  sua  habend.  in  eadem 
materia  ;  in  eundo  et  redeundo  per  v.  dies  v*  vij<'.' 

*  '  Ergo  resorberis  tam  dira,  Alwine,  Charybdi, 

Nee  poteras  fracto  liber  abire  jugo.' 
'  Adams,  Wykehantica,  p.  66. 

*  Their  names  are  :  Langeporte  (adm.  1435);  Dommetge  (adm.  1435^ ;  Cove 
adm.  1436) ;  Payn  and  Mustard  (adm.  1438  ;  and  Roche    adm.  1439  . 

^  Strype,  Life  0/  Archbishop  Parker,  iv.  7. 


200  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

object  in  view,  and  pursue  it  by  the  same  means.  It  is  therefore 
for  the  honour  and  advantage  of  both  that  they  should  support  and 
defend  each  other  in  all  causes,  as  well  ecclesiastical  as  civil,  in  which 
either  of  them  may  be  threatened  \' 

Wayneflete  was  able,  even  before  his  promotion  to  Eton,  to 
add  his  own  name  to  the  long  list  of  benefactors  of  Winchester 
College.  Through  his  interest  with  Cardinal  Beaufort  he  was 
able  to  acquire  for  the  College  the  possessions  of  the  oratory  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  at  Barton,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight^  The 
oratory  of  Barton,  in  the  parish  of  Whippingham,  was  founded 
in  the  year  1275  by  two  parish  clergymen,  Thomas  de  Winton, 
Rector  of  Godshill,  and  John  de  ITsle,  Rector  of  Shalfleet. 
Their  object  seems  to  have  been  to  found  a  religious  house 
whose  members  should  be  under  the  control  of  the  Diocesan 
(who  was  nominated  Visitor),  and,  as  far  as  possible,  indepen- 
dent of  the  Pope.  The  idea  took  with  the  people  of  the  island, 
who  endowed  the  house  amply  enough  ;  but  after  a  time  it 
grew  corrupt,  and  in  the  year  1439,  at  Wayneflete's  suggestion, 
Thurbern  petitioned  Cardinal  Beaufort,  as  Visitor,  to  allow  the 
oratory  to  be  appropriated  to  the  College,  on  the  sole  ground 
that  the  income  of  the  College  had  been  reduced  by  the  late 
calamitous  fire  at  Andover,  and  wanted  augmenting.  Thurbern's 
petition  is  in  English  : — 

*  To  my  Right  gracious  lord  my  lord  the  Cardinal  of  England. 
'Besecheth  mekely  yowre  poevere  and  humble  Chapellain  the 
Wardein  of  youre  newe  College  of  Winchestre  in  name  of  hym  self 
and  of  the  Remenant  of  youre  poevere  Chapellains  and  scoliers  of 
the  same.  That  where  as  youre  moost  worshipful  faderhood  con- 
sidering hereafore  the  exihtie  of  thaire  dotacon  the  falling  and  dekay 
of  lyflode  by  empeyring  of  the  World,  which  euery  Day  is  in  Wers 
caas  thenne  othre,  appred  ^  unto  hem  of  youre  greet  goodnesse  the 
Chirche  of  Andeuer,  Which  hath  bee  to  hem  greet  Refresshing,  god 
thanke  yow  in  heuen.  Now  is  it  soo  that  the  same  chirche  that  hath 
be  to  them  soo  prouffitable  afore  this  tyme,  is  att  this  Day  of  noo 
value  for  fortune  of  fyr  that  late  hath  happed  there.  Soo  that  thay 
cannat  Wite  how  to  bringe  the  World  aboute*  for  to  maintiegne 
thastat  of  youre  said  college  Withoute  youre  gracyoux  help  and 
socour,  Whom  god  hath  ordenned  to  Relieue  many  a  man,  for  yif 

*  Adams,  IVykeharnica,  p.  67. 

'  Cf.  Archaeologia,  Hi,  p.  290,  where  the  statutes  are  printed. 

*  I.  e.  appropriated.  *  I.  e.  to  make  both  ends  meet. 


Wayneflete.  loi 

the  nede  that  youre  saide  college  hadde  for  to  be  encressed  of  lyfloode 
for  the  sustentacon  of  soo  man}'^  parsones  as  bee  nourrisshed  and 
brought  up  thereyn  to  the  worship  and  service  of  god  with  his 
grace  and  mercy  was  greet  atte  tyme  of  the  saide  appriacon  the 
necessite  is  now  miche  more,  as  youre  high  prudence  by  that  is 
a  bouesaid  may  wel  considere.  Hit  like  yow  therfore  of  youre 
habundant  grace  in  sustentacon  of  youre  sayd  college  to  grante  hem 
the  app'acon  of  the  archpreestshipp  of  Barton  in  the  He  of  Wyght 
which  youre  Clerk  maist*  Wault*  Trengof  occupieth.  To  which 
a|)p'acon,  soo  hit  bee  plesyng  untoo  youre  good  grace,  the  same 
maist*  Wault"  wol  assente.  And  youre  lordship  shal  hereyn  doo 
a  deede  of  charite  and  deserve  greet  thank  of  god.  Hit  mighte  like 
also  youre  noble  grace  the  rath'  encline  and  condescende  to  the 
doyng  herof  seyng  that  the  said  Barton  though  hit  bee  a  spuel  thyng 
hit  is  nought  actually  charged  with  cure  of  soule.' 

The  Cardinal  readily  gave  his  consent,  and  the  return  to  the 
writ  ad  quod  damnum  was  favourable.  Moreover,  the  arch- 
priest,  a  Cornishman  named  Walter  Trengof,  had  just  been 
made  Archdeacon  of  his  native  county,  and  was  willing  to  con- 
cur in  the  appropriation,  provided  a  pension  for  life  of  twenty 
marks  was  secured  to  him.  This  was  done  by  a  rent-charge  on 
the  College  manor  of  Durrington,  in  Wiltshire.  No  reference 
is  made  to  any  provision  for  the  brethren.  It  is  quite  possible 
that  there  had  ceased  to  be  any  by  that  time,  for  the  house  had 
become  dilapidated,  and  was  probably  uninhabitable.  Hum- 
phrey, Duke  of  Gloucester,  as  Lord  of  the  Castle  of  Carisbrooke, 
gave  his  sanction  to  the  alienation  by  letters  patent,  dated  at 
Caversham,  near  Reading,  Feb.  3rd,  18  Hen.  VI,  and  Cardinal 
Beaufort  confirmed  it,  but  with  a  stipulation  that  the  Society  at 
Winchester  should  maintain  a  priest  at  their  own  expense  to 
sing  masses  in  the  chapel  of  the  Oratory.  This  they  did  until 
Edward  VI  relieved  them  of  the  obligation.  He  also  insisted 
that  the  Society  should  pay  one  mark  yearly  to  the  Convent  of 
St.  Swithun  '  pro  indempnitate  ecclesie  sue  propter  appropri- 
acionem  archipresbyterii,'  as  an  indemnity  against  the  conse- 
quences, if  any,  of  confirming  the  alienation,  and  should  deliver 
one  pound  of  wax  yearly  to  the  Warden  of  St.  Mary's  altar 
in  the  Cathedral  church,  and  enrol  Trengof  s  name  in  the  list 
of  benefactors  whom  they  commemorated.  Thus  fell  the 
Oratory  of  Barton,  after  an  existence  of  nearly  two  centuries. 
It   is   likely   that  it  had   lasted  long  enough,  in   everybody's 


2oa  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

opinion,  or  it  would  not  have  fallen  so  easily — yet  one  cannot 
help  regarding  it  as  a  remarkable  fact  that,  at  that  period  of  our 
history,  so  many  high  authorities  should  have  concurred  in 
suppressing  a  religious  house  for  no  other  reason  than  that  an 
educational  body  wanted  its  possessions. 

The  Society  approached  the  book-loving  monarch  with  a 
suitable  present  \  when  they  applied  to  him  for  leave  to  appro- 
priate the  possessions  of  the  Oratory. 

Six  years  afterwards,  Wayneflete  and  others  whom  Trengof 
had  enfeoffed  transferred  the  manor  of  Barton  and  other  pos- 
sessions of  the  Oratory  to  the  College,  pursuant  to  a  license  in 
mortmain.  The  manor  of  Barton  became  an  important  con- 
tributory to  the  revenue  of  the  Society  after  Trengof  s  death, 
which  happened  February  27,  1445-6.  The  demesne  of  Barton 
with  its  beautiful  wood,  facing  Spithead,  was  purchased  under 
the  powers  of  a  private  Act  of  Parliament  by  the  late  Prince 
Consort,  and  forms  part  of  Her  Majesty's  Osborne  estate. 

The  following  entry  in  the  computus  of  the  year  1443  ap- 
parently refers  to  an  effort  on  the  part  of  the  Society  to  make 
Wayneflete  instrumental  in  obtaining  other  property : — 

'  Pro  uno  jantaclo  (a  breakfast)  fact.  M'"  W.  Wanflet  p'posito  de 
Eton,  M"^"  W.  Say  ^  et  aliis  pro  amicitiis  suis  habendis  pro  scriptura 
bille  porrigende  Dno  Regi  pro  amplioribus  possessionibus  Coll. 
adquirend.  ad  valorem  c  marcarum  ...  in  exp.  fact,  circa  mag. 
W.  Wanflet  mag.  Estcort  ^  et  alios  prudentes  cenantes  in  Coll.  xxviij 
die  Nov.  :  iiij^  iiiji^.  Distributio  inter  servientes  mag.  W.  Wanflet : 
iij8  iiijd.  Sol.  pro  vino  eodem  die  et  diversis  noctibus  pro  eodem 
hospitato  infra  Coll. :  xiv^  iij^.' 

It  appears  by  the  undermentioned  entry  in  the  computus  of 
the  year  1449  that  the  Society  at  that  time  entertained  hopes  of 
acquiring  the  possessions  of  the  dissolved  priories  of  Sele  in 
Sussex,  and  Sherborne  St.  John  in  Hampshire  : — 

'  In  exp.  Edvardi  Tacton  et  Ric.  Baret  equitant.  in  Southsex  ad 
inquirendum  de  vero  valore  prioratfis  de  Sele  juxta  Shoreham  et  de 
patronatu  eiusdem,  iiij^  iiijd  ;  et  Mag.  Joh  Parke  et  Thome  Fawkes 
equitant.  Londin.  xix  die  Julii  pro  billa  corripienda  et  Dno   Regi 

'  *  In  Ij  voluminibus  (prima  pars  et  secunda)  Redactoiii  Moralium  Bercavii 
monachi  empt.  de  custode,  dat.  et  presentat.  DnO  Regi  pro  licencia  sua  con- 
cessa  Collegio  pro  amplioribus  possessionibus  ad  valorem  c  marcarum.' 

*  Ante,  pp.  189,  195.  '  Warden  N.  C.  1429  35. 


Waynejlete.  205 

porrigenda  ad  appropriacionem  prioratOs  de  Shyrbome  Seynt  John 
alias  vocat.  Shyrborne  Monachoruni,  vij*  j^.' 

These  hopes  were  frustrated.  The  Priory  of  Sele  was  ac- 
quired by  Wyneflete,  but  he  annexed  it  to  Magdalen  College  : 
the  Priory  of  Sherborne  St.  John,  or  Monk  Sherborne,  was 
annexed  to  St.  Julian's,  Southampton,  and,  on  the  dissolution  of 
that  house,  fell  to  the  share  of  Queen's  College,  Oxford. 

In  the  summer  of  the  year  1443,  Thurbern  visited  Eton 
College  with  the  object,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  of  getting  out  of  the 
payment  of  Trengof's  pension  ('de  exoneracione  pensionis  sol- 
vende  M^^Trengof'),  which  the  Society  were  impatient  of,  though 
it  had  not  existed  more  than  four  years.  Thurbern  took  with 
him  six  ells  of  black  kerseymere  as  a  present  to  the  Provost  ^ ; 
and  distributed  6s.  8(/.  among  the  Eton  boys.  The  attempt  to 
get  rid  of  Trengof's  pension  failed.  A  few  months  later,  in 
February,  1443-4,  the  Society  presented  Wayneflete  with  a  cask 
of  bastard  ^  the  price  of  which  was  13s.  \d.,  and  two  years  later, 
on  receiving  news  of  Trengof  s  death  (which  was  duly  proved  by 
a  certificate  under  the  seal  of  the  officiary  of  the  diocese  of  Exeter) 
they  gave  a  dinner  in  the  College  Hall,  at  which  Wayneflete  was 
present : — *  Dat.  eidem  pro  beneficiis  suis  ostensis  Collegio  xs. ; 
Distribut.  inter  famulos  eiusdem  cxij^'  The  reason  why  so 
large  a  sum  was  distributed  among  Wayneflete's  attendants 
baffles  conjecture.  Cardinal  Beaufort's  death  was  not  unex- 
pected :  and  on  April  14,  1447,  only  three  days  after  it 
happened,  the  Chapter  of  Winchester  elected  Wayneflete  to 
succeed  him.  The  Society  invited  a  large  party  to  meet  the 
Bishop  elect  at  dinner  in  May : — 

*  In  exp.  M"  W.  Wanflet,  electum  Wynton.,  M"  W.  Say,  tres 
alios  generosos  de  familia  Dni  Regis,  vicecustodem  Oxon.,  Radulph. 
Lye,  Blackburn  precentorem  de  Cicestr.,  Barton  precentorem  de 
Coll.  Regal.  Cantab.,  Digleys,  Crosby,  et  alios  generosos  venientes 
ad  Collegium  raense  Maio  ad  varias  refecciones,  xxxj^  ij^.' 

The  Consecration  took  place  in  the  chapel  of  Eton  College  on 
the  13th  of  July  following.    Thurbern  and  some  other  members 

'  '  In  vj  ulnis  de  nigro  kersey  empt.  et  dat.  M"""  W.  Wanflet  ad  xviij<*  per 
ulnam,  plus  in  toto  ij'*-ix»  ij<*.' 

•  'Your  brown  bastard  is  your  only  drink,'  Shakspeare,  i  King  Hen.  IV,  Act  ii, 
Sc.  4. 


204  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

of  the  Society  attended  it,  and  made  a  present  of  a  saddle  horse 
to  the  new  bishop.  The  Eton  boys  were  not  forgotten  on  this 
occasion : — 

*In  uno  equo  dat.  Epo  Wyntoii  erga  diem  consecracionis  sue, 
vj^  xiij*  iiij'i.  ,  .  .  Et  in  exp.  dni  custodis,  Joh.  Parke,  et  aliorum 
equitant.  ad  Eton,  ad  consecracionem  M^i  W.  Wanflet  in  Epum 
Wynton.  in  mense  Julii,  xiij*  v'*.  .  .  .  dat.  pueris  Etonae  eodem 
tempore  xiii»  iiij  ^' 

Wayneflete  was  not  installed  until  January  19,  1447-8.  The 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (Stafford)  visited  the  Diocese  of  Win- 
chester during  the  interregnum.  His  delegates,  Richard  Rose, 
Bishop  of  Rochester,  and  Dr.  Langbere,  made  Hyde  Abbey 
their  headquarters,  and  visited  the  College  May  2,  1447. 

King  Henry  VI  was  present  at  the  installation  of  Wayneflete, 
and  perhaps  dined  at  the  dinner  which  the  Bishop  gave  after- 
wards,  according  to   ancient  custom  ^      It  will    be    seen    in 

*  This  appears  by  the  instructions  for  the  installation  of  a  Bishop  of  Winches- 
ter, contained  in  the  Register  of  Adam  de  Orlton  (Bishop  1333-45),  which  are 
curious  enough  to  be  worth  quoting  here : — 

*  The  Archdeacon  of  Canterbury ywre  dignitatis  suae  has  the  duty  of  enthroning 
bishops  of  the  province  of  Canterbury.  He  must  be  invited  to  do  this  by  a 
letter  from  the  bishop  who  is  to  be  installed.  The  archdeacon  or  his  deputy  is 
to  wait  on  the  bishop  on  the  day  before,  and  the  bishop's  marshal  is  to  conduct 
him  and  his  suite  to  the  cathedral  city  and  assign  them  lodgings  there,  with 
provender  for  ten  men's  horses,  bread,  wine,  beer  and  other  provisions  suitable 
to  the  day  (J)roui  dieta  diei  exposcit)  and  fuel  if  it  be  winter  ;  also  six  dozen  wax 
candles.  On  the  morrow,  the  archdeacon  and  his  suite  are  to  meet  the  bishop 
and  escort  him  to  the  city.  On  his  arrival  there,  as  the  bishop  dismounts,  one 
of  the  archdeacon's  gentlemen  is  to  seize  the  bishop's  horse,  which  becomes 
the  archdeacon's  perquisite,  and  to  lead  it  away  to  the  archdeacon's  lodgings. 
The  archdeacon  is  to  show  the  bishop  the  way  to  a  church  or  building  near  the 
Cathedral.  There  the  bishop  is  to  put  off  his  shoes,  and  after  making  his 
secret  prayer  he  is  to  enter  the  vestry.  His  cope,  hood,  cap  (bireitus^,  and 
gloves  are  to  be  taken  off  there,  and  become  the  archdeacon's  perquisites, 
together  with  his  travelling  hat  {capellwn)  and  boots.  The  bishop  is  then  to  be 
vested,  and  the  archdeacon  is  to  lead  him  to  the  throne  or  chair  in  which  he  is 
to  be  enthroned,  and  to  say,  "  By  the  authority  of  Christ's  Church  of  Canterbury 
I  induct  and  enthrone  thee.  Lord  Adam,  duly  elected,  confirmed,  and  conse- 
crated, in  the  bishoprick  of  this  church,  with  all  and  singular  the  rights  and 
appurtenances  thereof.  And  the  Lord  preserve  thy  coming  in  and  going  out 
from  this  time  forth  for  evermore."  He  is  then  to  seat  the  bishop  in  the  chair, 
and  the  precentor  begins  Te  Deum  Laudamus.  This  sung,  the  bishop  is  to 
make  ready  to  celebrate  high  mass.  After  the  celebration  post  sccretum 
illius  misse)  the  bishop's  marshal  is  to  assign  to  the  archdeacon  a  table  on  the 
right  hand  of  the  ball  in  which  the  bishop  is  going  to  give  the  dinner.     At  the 


Waynejlete.  205 

the  following  entries  that  the  Society  provided  some  of  the 
victuals  for  the  dinner,  and  kept  open  house  during  the  installa- 
tion — 

'  In  dat.  dno  Epo  Wynton.  tempore  installacionis  sue  xix  die 
Januarii  x  agnell.  xj  duoden.  caponum  et  x  cople  cuniculorum 
viij*.  vj"*.  Et  in  dat.  dno  regi  tempore  eiusdem  installacionis  xj 
edos  (kids)  xj  pheasaunt.  xj  "  pterychis  "  ^  et  xvij  pullos,  ix^  vij*.  .  . 
In  jantaclo  dat.  p'positis  Coll.  Eton,  et  Cantabrig.,  Job.  Say,  Haydok 
(tbe  Steward  of  tbe  manors)  et  aliis  venient.  cum  eis  de  Coll.  Eton, 
et  Cantabrig.  prandent.  in  aula  custodis  cum  exp.  fact,  circa  dnm 
Epuiri  Bathon.  et  Wellen.  et  M""™  Say  pernoctant.  et  expectant,  per 
iij  dies  et  noctes  in  Coll.,  et  alios  venient.  cum  eis,  in  frumento, 
brasio,  et  aliis  victualibus  et  focalibus  pro  cameris  eorundem,  et  per 
expens.  fact,  circa  diversos  generosos  de  domo  regis,  scilicet  Ovedale 
{sic),  Worbelyngton,  jantacl.  in  Coll.  eodem  tempore :  iiij^  o^  xiiij^.' 

It  does  not  appear  that  Wayneflete  was  a  guest  at  the  College 
table  after  his  friend  Thurbern's  death  in  the  autumn  of  1450. 
Probably  his  duties  as  Chancellor,  and  the  work  he  had  under- 
taken of  founding  Magdalen  College  and  completing  the 
buildings  at  Eton,  sufficiently  accounted  for  his  spare  time. 
His  last  official  visitation  of  the  College — on  April  24,  1480 — 
was  performed  by  proxy,  Howard,  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese, 
Doctors  Mayhew,  Gyfford,  Underwode,  and  Clyffe,  and  Masters 
Evyn,  Horden,  Davy  the  Diocesan  Registrar,  and  others 
unnamed  taking  part  in  the  function,  and  accepting  refresh- 
ments in  Hall  before  and  after  it.  The  proctors''^  fees  on  this 
occasion  amounted  to  66s.  %d. 

Wayneflete  never  ceased  to  take  an  interest  in  the  College. 
His  grant  in  the  year  1483  of  the  right  to  bring  water  to  the 
College  from  Segryme's  well,  a  spring  at  the  foot  of  St.  Giles' 
Hill,  was  a  boon  of  which  the  importance  cannot  be  exaggera- 
ted.    Until  then  the  College  drew  its  supply  of  water  from  a 

close  of  the  dinner  the  bishop  is  to  drink  to  the  archdeacon,  and  the  cup  is  to 
be  the  archdeacons  perquisite.  On  the  morrow,  after  mass  sung  by  the  bishop 
in  his  private  chapel,  the  archdeacon  is  to  take  leave,  and  shall  receive  for  his 
expenses  ten  marks  from  the  bishop.  If  the  bishop's  groom  likes  to  give  a  cloth, 
surcingle,  and  bridle  with  the  horse  which  belonged  to  the  bishop,  the  arch- 
deacon shall  give  in  return  25.  or  more.' 

*  Partridges.  I  should  like  to  translate  this  word  '  turkeys,'  which  it  so 
nearly  resembles  in  sound.  But  the  received  opinion  is  that  turkeys  were  not 
introduced  until  the  year  1523. 

"  '  Procreatores '  the  writer  of  the  roll  ignorantly  or  flippantly  calls  them. 


2o6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

well  in  the  kitchen.  This  well,  sunk  in  a  porous  soil,  not 
twenty  yards  from  the  Lockburn,  may  have  been  the  cause 
of  some  of  the  many  deaths  which  happened  in  College  while 
Wayneflete  was  schoolmaster.  Four  scholars  died  in  the  year 
1429,  seventeen  in  the  year  1430,  four  in  the  year  1431,  and 
eight  in  the  year  1434.  The  fellows  too  suffered ;  and  in  the 
accounts  of  the  year  1434  I  find  a  reference  to  a  visit  by  two 
friends  of  the  Society,  probably  medical  men,  who  came  to  see 
whether  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  place  could  be  improved. 
They  were  wise  enough  to  put  up  at  an  inn  in  the  town, 
instead  of  sleeping  within  the  College  walls. 

*  In  exp.  M''  Henrici  Barbour  et  Hergreve  ^  venient.  ad  Coll.  causa 
recreandi  socios  tempore  pestilencie  ex  curialitate,  et  in  exp.  fact, 
in  hospicio  eorundem  infra  civitatem  Wynton.  vj^  vj*^.' 

The  months  of  June,  July,  and  August,  1472,  cover  another 
sickly  period.  Eight  deaths  of  scholars  are  noted  in  the  margin 
of  the  Register  as  having  occurred  in  the  course  of  this  year 
and  the  next. 

One  cannot  help  inferring  that  Wayneflete's  sagacity  at- 
tributed the  sickness  to  the  bad  water,  and  resolved  to  deal 
with  it.  The  licencia  de  Aqueductu  bears  date  September  5, 
1482.  It  empowers  the  Warden  and  Fellows  to  take  water 
from  Segryme's  well,  and  bring  it  to  the  College 

*  By  means  of  two  wheels,  one  of  which  being  turned  by  the  force 
of  the  water  running  in  the  river  may  set  in  motion  the  other  wheel, 
by  the  revolution  of  which  the  water  flowing  from  the  said  spring 
into  a  certain  cistern  placed  below  the  wheel  may  be  raised  to 
another  cistern  above,  and  be  brought  thence  by  leaden  pipes  or 
hollowed  trunks  of  trees  into  the  site  of  the  college.' 

The  water  is  still  delivered  at  the  College  by  mechanism  of  this 
kind — a  sort  of  Persian  wheel  with  buckets  on  its  circumference 
being  employed  to  lift  the  water  from  the  lower  cistern  to  the 
higher.  The  water  is  no  longer  used  for  domestic  purposes, 
although  an  analysis  made  a  few  years  ago  pronounced  it  to  be 
'a  typical  Hampshire  chalk  water  of  exceptional  purity,  some- 
what less  hard   than  the   Company's  water.'      Its  source   is 

*  Qu.  Henry  Barbour,  adm.  1418,  and  John  Herdegreve  or  Herdgreve,  adm. 
1422. 


Wayneflete.  207 

arched  over  now,  but  was  open  as  late  as  the  year  1666,  when 
the  Society  took  steps  to  protect  it  from  contamination.  *  Dat. 
vidue  Sharrock  peste  laboranti  et  ulceratae  ne  aqueductura 
nostrum  impuris  lotionibus  inquinaret,  j*.' 

It  is  believed  that  the  machine  mentioned  above  and  the 
conduit  were  made  at  the  expense  of  Hugh  Sugar  (adm.  1428). 
'  Qui  condidit  aqueductum '  is  written  against  his  name  in  the 
Register  of  scholars.  He  rose  to  be  Chancellor  of  Wells,  and 
dying,  endowed  the  College  with  a  capital  messuage  and  curtil- 
age, twenty  acres  of  arable  land  and  one  of  meadow,  situate  in 
Worthy  Mortimer,  and  four  messuages,  three  curtilages,  and 
twenty  acres  in  Worthy  Pauncefote;  also  a  toft  with  one 
hundred  acres  of  arable  land  in  Weeke  and  Fulflode,  near 
Winchester.  He  likewise  gave  to  the  College  a  tenement 
adjoining  Segryme's  mill,  as  a  site  for  the  machine  mentioned 
above. 

Dr.  Woodward  has  recorded  in  the  bursars'  book  for  the  year 
1641  the  course  which  he  pursued  when  the  miller  at  Segryme's 
mill^  interrupted  the  supply  of  water  which  made  this  machine 
go:— 

'Sol.  M"""  Singleton  (a  lawyer)  for  inquiring  of  Mr.  Phillips  of 
Wolvesey  his  reason  for  putting  down  the  hatch  at  his  mill  for 
debarring  the  college  of  water,  and  putting  our  servants  out  from 
opening  the  flood-gate,  105.' 

The  inquiry  did  not  have  the  desired  effect ;  and  ultimately 
the  College  filed  a  bill  in  Chancery  against  Mr.  Phillips  and  the 
miller,  praying  that  they  might 

*  By  the  order  and  injunction  of  that  Court  be  compelled  no 
further  to  interrupt,  but  quietly  to  permit  and  suffer  your  orators 
and  their  servants  to  have  and  take  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  water.' 

The  defendants  submitted  to  this  injunction. 

Wayneflete  died,  full  of  years  and  honours,  in  the  year  i486. 
There  is  a  tradition  that  when  on  his  deathbed  he  offered  to- 
double  the  endowment  of  New  College  if  that  Society  would 
agree  to  keep  his  anniversary  jointly  with  Wykeham's ;  but 
their  veneration  (it  is  said)  for  the  memory  of  their  Founder 
was  so  great  that  they  judged   that  the  complying  with  the 

*  Now  known  as  the  Wharf  mill. 


2o8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

proposal  would  be  derogatory  to  his  honour,  and  therefore 
declined  the  offer  \  The  story  may  originate  in  some  question 
about  the  date  of  Wayneflete's  anniversary,  which  he  (or  more 
likely  somebody  else  after  his  death)  may  have  wished  to  be 
kept  on  Wykeham's  anniversary.  Wayneflete's  anniversary 
was  never  kept  at  Winchester  College. 

*  Wilkes,  History  of  Winchester. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 
Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker,  1450-87. 

State  of  finances. — Pittleworth's  benefactions. — Warden  Chaundler. — Baker 
succeeds  him.  —  His  investments.  —  Barnarde  the  schoolmaster.  —  The 
Chamell. — Bill  to  restore  Andover  Priory. — Strike  of  tenants  at  Har- 
mondsworth. — Prosecution  of  Colmer. — Grocyn. — Bishop  Shyrborne's 
Prebends. — Clement  Smyth. — First  purchase  of  firearms. — Visit  of  Edward 
IV. — Archbishop  Warham. — The  Falcon  at  Kingsclere. — Trumper's  Inn. — 
Thurbem's  Chantry. — Chapel  Tower. — Goddards. — The  Yongs. — Clergy 
resignation  pensions. — Commons  in  1482. — The  Harpysfields. 

The  finances  of  the  Society  were  at  their  lowest  ebb  at  the 
time  when  Thurbern  died.  They  managed  to  support  the 
proper  number  of  scholars,  and  the  weekly  allowance  for  com- 
mons was  not  reduced  ;  but  the  stipends  were  terribly  in 
arrear.  No  less  a  sum  than  £218  i6s.  8d.,  over  ten  years* 
stipend,  was  due  to  Warden  Thurbern  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
and  was  never  paid\  and  sums  varying  from  £5  to  £40  were 
due  to  the  schoolmaster,  steward,  and  most  of  the  Fellows. 
What  with  these  arrears,  and  moneys  which  had  been  taken 
out  of  the  chest  in  order  to  meet  current  expenses,  there  was  a 
deficit  of  £468  at  the  foot  of  the  roll  for  the  year  1450.  Three 
years  previously  a  '  specialis  amicus '  named  Pittleworth  had 
lent  them  a  hundred  marks  in  order  to  pay  the  costs  incidental 
to  the  acquisition  of  Barton  Oratory,  and  he  now  came  forward 
and  gave  £100  to  the  chests 

Thomas  Chaundler  (adm.  1430),  a  native  of  Colerne,  in  Wilt- 
shire, where  New  College  has  property,  succeeded  Thurbern. 

^  It  was  carried  over  in  the  accounts  until  the  year  1466,  and  then  ceases  to 
appear,  being  probably  forgiven  by  the  executors. 

*  Pittleworth  was  secretary  to  Cardinal  Beaufort  and  attended  in  that  capa- 
city during  the  Cardinal's  visitation  in  the  year  1434.  He  was  a  friend,  possibly 
a  kinsman,  of  Thurbern.  He  is  mentioned  once  more,  in  the  year  1457,  when 
he  appears  to  have  turned  a  loan  of  £1 1  95.  4^.  into  a  gift  to  the  Society. 

P 


aio  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

He  was  a  Fellow  of  New  College  at  the  time  of  his  election. 
John  Bekenton,  one  of  the  Fellows  of  Winchester,  and  his 
senior  by  about  four  years,  met  him  half-way  at  Newbury,  and 
escorted  him  to  Winchester.  Chaundler's  promotion,  after  four 
years,  to  the  headship  of  New  College,  left  him  little  time  to 
make  any  mark  at  Winchester.  He  was  a  man  of  singular 
enlightenment,  and  invited  Cornelius  Viletti,  an  Italian  scholar, 
to  Oxford  to  act  as  praelector  of  New  College  about  the  year 
1475  \  He  was  Secretary  of  State  under  Henry  VI  and  Edward 
IV,  also  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford  and  the  Diocese 
of  Wells,  Dean  of  Hereford  and  the  Chapel  Royal,  and  Master 
of  St.  Cross  Hospital,  near  Winchester.  He  died  in  the  year 
1490.  The  Brevis  Chronica  de  ortu  vita  et  gestis  nobilibus 
reverendi  viri  Wilhelmi  de  Wykeham,  which  is  preserved  in  MS. 
at  New  College,  is  attributed  to  him. 

John  Baker  (adm.  1431),  a  native  of  Aldermaston,  in  Berk- 
shire, succeeded  Chaundler  in  1454.  Baker  was  a  great  buyer 
of  land,  investing  in  that  way  most  of  the  unappropriated  bene- 
faction money  that  was  left  in  the  chest,  and  thus  increasing  the 
income  of  the  Society,  In  the  year  1463  he  bought  a  little 
manor  called  White's  in  Flexland,  otherwise  Russel's,  in  the 
parish  of  Soberton^  In  1471  he  bought  lands  in  the  parishes  of 
Hawkley,  Newton  Valence,  and  Imbershete  (Empshot)  for 
£40.  Nine  years  afterwards  he  bought  lands  lying  in  the  com- 
mon fields  of  Basingstoke,  known  as  Norden  field,  North  or 
Holy  Ghost  field  ^,  Salisbury  or  West  field,  Winchester  field, 
Hatch  field,  Hackewode  field,  and  Wyldemore ;  ten  mes- 
suages, one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  meadow,  and  one  hun- 
dred acres  of  pasture  at  Merstone,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight ;  Holt- 
ham  and  Herde's,  in  the  parish  of  East  Tisted  ;  and  Goleigh, 
in  the  parish  of  Colmer.     In   1482  Baker  acquired  a  farm  at 

*  Dictionary  of  National  Biography  ,'  Grocyn.' 

*  '  In  exp.  dm  custodis  et  W.  Combe  in  Londin.  in  mense  Junio  et  Julio 
jtxviij  dies  ad  laborandum  pro  quieta  possessione  terrarum  et  tenementorum 
nuper  Willml  Dni  de  Botreaux  in  Flexland  et  Russel's  pro  via  judicii  habenda : 
que  quidem  terras  et  tenementa  custos  nuper  perquisivit  de  Margareta  Dna  de 
Hungerford,  filia  et  herede  dicti  Dnl  de  Botreaux,  xlviij".' 

'  So  called  after  the  ancient  guild  chapel  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  for  which  Sir 
Walter  Sandes  and  Bishop  Fox  obtained  a  charter  in  1518.  The  ruins  of  the 
chapel  which  they  founded  are  on  an  eminence  close  to  the  railway  stations  at 
Basingstoke. 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  an 

East  Worldham,  the  manors  of  Will  Hall  and  Wyard's,  close  to 
Alton,  and  lands  lying  dispersedly  in  the  common  fields  ad- 
joining that  town,  a  messuage  called  Stonehouse,  in  the  High 
Street,  and  a  tenement  in  Turk  Street ;  also  a  holding  called 
Fayrethorne,  in  the  parish  of  Botley. 

John  Barnarde  (adm.  1435)  succeeded  Ive  as  headmaster  in 
1454.  There  is  nothing  to  record  of  Ive  beyond  the  fact  that 
under  '  oblations '  in  the  computus  of  the  year  1452  there  is  an 
entry  of  i2d.  received  of  him  '  pro  celebracione  missarum  apud  le 
Charnell  hoc  anno.'  This  was,  I  presume,  the  chapel  referred 
to  by  Leland\  who,  after  describing  the  ruins  of  St.  Mary's 
Abbey  at  Winchester,  says,  '  There  is  a  fair  chapelle  on  the 
north  side  of  St.  Mary  Abbay  Church,  in  an  area  therby,  to 
the  wich  men  entre  by  a  certen  steppes.  Under  it  is  a  vault 
for  a  carnarie.'  I  hazard  the  conjecture  that  Ive  acted  as  the 
officiating  priest  of  the  'fair  chapelle,'  and  paid  a  price  to  the 
College  for  the  elements  required  for  the  celebration  of  mass 
in  the  year  to  which  the  entry  relates.  This  chapel,  with  the 
charnel  or  bonehouse  underneath  it,  was  founded  in  the  thir- 
teenth century  by  John  Ingepenne,  a  citizen  of  Winchester. 
Another  John  Ingepenne  in  the  year  1363  devised  sundry 
tenements  to  the  Warden  and  Chaplains  of  this"  chapel,  which 
is  described  in  his  will  as  '  founded  in  the  cemetery  of  the  nuns 
of  St.  Mary's  Abbey.'  It  stood  in  what  is  now  the  Broadway, 
facing  the  site  of  the  Abbey,  which  was  converted  into  a  public 
recreation  ground  in  the  year  1890. 

In  the  months  of  November  and  December  1461,  Warden 
Baker  and  his  favourite  Fellow,  Combe,  spent  forty-four  days  in 
London  during  the  sitting  of  Parliament, 

*Ad  perquirendam  provisionem  pro  prioratu  de  Andever  contra 
actum  restauraclonis  in  eodem  Parliamento  habitum  at  de  rebellione 
tenendum  de  Harmondsworth  pro  operibus  custumariis  per  eos 
retractis.' 

I.e.  on  the  business  of  opposing  a  bill  which  had  been  intro- 
duced in  the  Parliament  of  1461  to  refound  the  Priory  of 
Andover  and  restore  its  possessions,  and  of  quelling  a  strike  of 
the  tenants  at  Harmondsworth  against  their  customary  works, 
burthens,  and  services.  No  other  allusion  occurs  to  this  bill, 
which  must  have  dropped  or  been  thrown  out.     The  Society 

^  Jtin.  vol.  iii.  pp.  99,  100. 
P  2 


313  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

were  not  Yorkists ;  and  the  bill,  if  it  had  passed,  would  have 
fined  them  heavily  for  their  adherence  to  Henry  VI.  The 
strike  at  Harmondsworth  probably  ended  in  the  substitution  of 
a  money  payment  for  the  liability  to  do  so  many  days'  work  in 
harvest  for  the  lords'  farmer — a  liability  which  is  compounded 
for  to  this  day  in  a  similar  manner  in  the  College  manors  of 
Durrington  and  Sydling. 

In  the  year  1463  one  Colmer,  the  College  tenant  at  Hamble, 
was  indicted  at  the  Winchester  Assizes.  Whatever  the  charge 
was,  the  Warden  took  the  course  which  the  morality  of  the  age 
justified  in  order  to  facilitate  his  client's  acquittal.  He  gave  a 
breakfast  to  the  jury,  and  to  a  number  of  country  gentlemen  of 
the  grand  inquest  before  the  trial  took  place  : — 

*  In  jantaclo  dat.  in  festo  S.  Georgii '  (April  23rd)  'dno  Job.  Lysse\ 
equiti,  Dno  Galfrido  Gate,  equiti,  Tho.  Welle,  Tychborne,  Tho. 
Uvedale,  Will.  Uvedale,  et  xij  juratis  pro  favoribus  suis  habend. 
contra  injustam  indiccionem  Rob**  Colmer  firmarii  Coll.  apud  Hamyll, 

yJB  yd^' 

There  is  evidence  of  an  improvement  in  the  finances  of  the 
Society  in  a  purchase  which  they  made  in  the  same  year  of  six 
copes  of  white  bawdekin,  which  cost  £13  6s.  ^d.,  and  were 
supplied  by  a  London  vestimentarius,  or  church  furnisher,  named 
Nicholas  Edmede.  About  the  same  time  a  number  of  frontals 
and  copes  of  damask  were  given  by  John  Pere  ^,  Hugh  Sugar, 
and  the  representatives  of  Sir  John  Popham,  Knt. 

At  the  top  of  the  roll  for  the  year  1463  will  be  found  the  name 
of  William  Grocyn,  the  brilliant  Fellow  of  New  College,  who 
was  one  of  the  first  who  taught  Greek  in  England,  and  unluckily 
(some  think)  made  it  easier  to  his  classes  by  ignoring  the 
accents  and  pronouncing  it  like  English.  He  had  studied  it 
under  Demetrius  Chalcondyles  in  Italy,  most  likely  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  Warden  Chaundler. 

An  image  of  St.  Katherine,  which  a  man  named  William  Gef- 
frey and  the  '  garcio  stabuli,'  or  groom,  took  to  Southampton  in 
the  course  of  this  year  *  for  the  chapel  of  St.  Katherine,'  was 
probably  a  present  to  the  shrine  of  that  saint  on  the  summit  of 
Chale  Down,  at  the  back  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.      The  tenant  of 

'  Qu.  Lysle.    See  p.  180,  note. 

*  A  scholar  of  that  name  was  admitted  in  the  year  1393. 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  213 

Walpan,  a  farm  lying  near,  which  had  belonged  to  the  oratory 
of  Barton,  enjoyed  the  right  to  feed  his  sheep  on  Chale  Down. 
Hence,  probably,  the  interest  apparently  felt  by  the  Society  in 
the  chapel  on  its  summit.  Another  customary  right,  that  of 
working  the  alum  shale  in  the  cliffs  in  front  of  the  farm 
('colligendi  alum  ad  littus  maris'),  may  be  referred  to  here.  It 
seems  as  if  the  cliff  here  yielded  alum,  like  the  cliffs  at  Alum 
Bay  and  between  Whitby  and  Redcar  on  the  Yorkshire  coast. 

Robert  Shyrborne  (Sherborne)  (adm.  1465)  became  Bishop  of 
St.  David's  in  1505,  and  was  translated  to  Chichester  in  1508. 
He  founded  the  four  Wykehamical  Prebends  of  Wyndham, 
Exeit,  Bursalis,  and  Bargham  in  Chichester  Cathedral.  The 
Charter  of  Foundation,  dated  in  1526,  is  preserved  in  the  muni- 
ment room  of  Winchester  College. 

At  Midsummer  1464,  Clement  Smyth  (adm.  1439)  resigned 
the  headmastership  of  Eton  in  order  to  succeed  Grene.  Grene 
had  succeeded  Barnarde  in  1459.  After  two  years  Clement 
Smyth  made  way  for  Richard  Dene  (adm.  1450),  who  died 
in  harness,  May  i8th,  1484,  and  is  buried  in  Cloisters,  where 
there  used  to  be  a  brass  to  his  memory. 

In  the  accounts  of  1468  there  is  an  item  of  65.  6d.  '  pro  ij 
arcubus  et  xxiiij  sagittis  empt.  pro  duobus  custodibus  equitan. 
cum  Dno  custode  in  progressu  et  aliis  negociis  Collegii.'  A 
similar  entry  occurs  in  the  accounts  of  1457,  '  Sol.  pro  xiiij 
sagittis  pennatis  cum  pennis  de  cygno,  et  ij  arcubus  empt. 
Londini  quia  periculum  erat  de  latronibus  in  via,  iij^  vj.'  It 
does  not  appear  that  the  Warden  was  ever  bidden  to  stand 
and  deliver,  although  when  on  his  way  back  from  progress 
he  must  have  been  worth  robbing.  It  may  have  been  the 
fear  of  highwaymen  which  led  to  a  purchase  of  *  gonnes '  in 
1458 : — '  Pro  iij  novis  gonnis  ferreis  empt.  Londini,  altera 
habente  tres  cameras  (chambers)  vj^  vii**.'  This  may  have  been 
a  kind  of  repeating  gun  or  revolver.  '  Pro  j  staffe  gonne  de 
latyn,  cum  ij  cameris,  xx^  iiij"^.  Pro  xx  lb.  de  gonne  powder 
empt.  Londini,  xx^.  Pro  factura  le  bandis  et  stapelis  ponderant. 
j  lb.  pro  magna  gonna,  iiij*^.*  These  bands  and  staples  served 
to  attach  the  '  staffe  gonne  '  to  its  rest  or  prop.  *  Sol.  laboranti 
viij  dies  circa  cameracionem  (the  boring  or  chambering)  p'dict. 
magne  gonne  ii^  viij<^.'  The  Society  were  naturally  attached  to 
Henry  VI ;  and  the  year  of  his  brief  restoration  to  the  throne  is 


214  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

styled  'annus  ab  inchoacione  regni  Regis  H.  vj.  xlix  et  readep- 
cione  sue  regie  potestatis  i/  in  the  computus  roll  and  register  of 
scholars,  as  it  is  styled  in  the  public  documents  of  the  period  \ 
In  May  1471,  after  the  battle  of  Tewkesbury,  the  Society  gave 
a  breakfast  to  Sir  Thomas  Uvedale,  Margaret  of  Anjou's  cham- 
berlain, and  others  of  her  suite,  when  they  passed  through 
Winchester,  probably  on  the  way  to  Southampton  to  seek 
safety  in  foreign  parts  ^.  They  appear  to  have  been  in  no  great 
hurry  to  do  homage  to  Edward  IV  after  the  death  of  Henry. 
In  November  1473,  the  Warden  and  one  of  the  Fellows, 
named  Whyte,  spent  three  weeks  in  London  '  tempore  Parlia- 
menti  pro  homagio  Dno  Principi  ^  solvendo  et  aliis  negociis.* 
Their  expenses  came  to  £5  65.  gd.*^  It  is  a  pity  that  no 
items  are  given.  The  'alia  negotia'  included  the  renewal  of 
the  Charter  of  Privileges.  This  was  almost  a  matter  of  course. 
The  '  Camerarii  Principis,'  or  Lord  Chamberlain's  fee  was 
20S. ;  the  usher  had  6s.  8</. ;  the  keeper  of  the  Great  Seal  had 
los. ;  and  the  keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal  had  6s.  8af. 

In  the  course  of  the  following  year  Edward  IV  sent  a  lion  to 
the  College  for  the  boys  to  see.  On  this  occasion  the  Bursars 
gave  to  the  King  his  proper  title  : — '  Dat.  uni  famulo  Dni  Regis 
Anglie  venienti  ad  Coll.  cum  leone  mense  Januarii,  xx^.' 

The  only  recorded  visit  of  Edward  IV  to  Winchester  College 
occurred  in  January,  1468-9  : — *  In  expensis  fact,  circa  diversos 
generosos  in  mense  Januarii  venientes  cum  rege  ad  Coll.  et 
diversas  refecciones  in  camera  dni  custodis  xiij^  viij'^.,'  is  the 
entry  in  the  computus. 

Archbishop  Warham  (adm.  1469)  was  a  native  of  Church 

*  Henry  was  deposed  on  March  4,  i46o-i,and  in  October  1470  recovered  the 
throne  and  held  it  till  April  1471. 

'  '  In  diversis  refeccionibus  factis  cancellario  Regine,  DnO  Thome  Uvedale,  et 
aliis  generosis  de  familia  regine  venientibus  ad  Coll.  mense  Mali  iij'  vij^.'  A 
breakfast  given  three  years  later  to  the  Ambassador  from  the  Court  of  Bretagne 
and  Burgundy  (he  was  at  Winchester  to  negotiate  the  treaty  between  Edward 
IV  and  Charles  of  Burgundy,  which  led  to  the  invasion  of  France  in  1475)  cost 
75.  ixd. 

'  If  the  Bursars  had  been  Yorkists,  the  word  here  would  have  been  '  regi.' 

*  The  expenses  of  an  eight  weeks'  trip  to  London  to  attend  Parliament  in 
February  153 1-2,  were  £g  zs.  sd.  But  the  number  of  the  party  is  not  men- 
tioned. In  1535  the  expenses  of  a  three  week's  trip  were — '  Food,  drink  and 
horse  keep,  5^3  14s.  lod. ;  boat  hire  to  Westminster  at  divers  times,  4s.  id. ; 
servants  at  lodgings  and  barber,  25.  6d. ;  keep  and  physic  for  a  horse  left  behind 
at  Hounslow,  3s.  3^. ;  gratuity  to  cook,  is. ;  boy,  sd.  j  washing  table  linen,  i6d.' 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  215 

Oakley,  in  Hampshire.  After  living  fifteen  years  on  a  Fellow- 
ship of  New  College,  he  entered  public  life,  and,  owing  to  his 
own  merits  and  the  favour  of  Henry  VH,  rose  rapidly.  In 
1501,  while  Keeper  or  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Warham  acquired 
the  Falcon  Inn  at  Kingsclere,  and  made  it  over  to  the  College 
in  1510.  It  is  not  certain  whether  it  was  an  inn  at  that  date,  the 
description  in  the  feoffment  being  merely  '  a  tenement  with 
a  curtilage,' — but  in  the  first  extant  lease,  dated  November  2, 
1638,  it  is  described  as  'all  that  messuage  or  common  inn, 
called  or  known  by  the  name  of  the  Golden  Falcon,  situate, 
lying,  and  being  in  Kingscleere,  between  the  vicaridge  there 
on  the  south  parte,  a  tenement  sometime  Mr.  Earnley's  on  the 
west  parte,  and  the  high  road  that  leadeth  to  Newberie  on  the 
north  parte.'  About  the  same  time  Warham  gave  another  tene- 
ment in  Kingsclere  to  New  College,  and  wainscoted  the  Hall 
there  at  his  own  expense.  On  becoming  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury he  gave  a  Bible,  which  has  not  been  preserved,  to 
Winchester  College.  There  is  a  likeness  of  him  in  an  ancient 
stained  glass  window  in  the  Malshanger  aisle  at  Church  Oakley. 
At  his  death  he  bequeathed  to  the  College  sixteen  antiphonaries 
and  eight  graduals,  valued  at  £64  los.,  upon  condition  that  they 
should  be  returned  to  his  executors  if  his  estate  should  prove 
insolvent.  This  he  knew  would  be  the  case  if  his  successor 
should  press  for  dilapidations.  He  appealed  to  him  to  show 
consideration  in  this  respect,  on  the  ground  that  he  had  laid  out 
£30,000  on  the  buildings  of  the  Archiepiscopal  See  during 
his  tenure  of  them.  Fuller  thinks  that  Cranmer  was  the  sort 
of  man  who  would  listen  to  such  an  appeal.  The  books  were 
sent  down  to  Winchester,  but  the  Warden  had  to  give  a  bond 
for  £100  to  restore  them  if  required  to  do  so.  They  weighed 
six  cwt.,  thirty-four  lbs.  and  the  carriage  from  Lambeth  came 
to  7s. 

The  best  bedroom  and  parlour  at  Trumper's  Inn  were 
furnished  about  this  time.  Trumper's  Inn  was  an  ancient 
hostelry  in  Little  Trinity  Lane,  Queenhithe,  which  was 
purchased  in  1469  for  the  use  of  the  Society  when  they  visited 
London  \     The  situation  was  a  convenient  one,  as  the  Warden 

*  The  inn  was  converted  into  several  houses  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
A  few  years  ago  it  was  taken  by  the  Metropolitan  District  Railway  Company 
and  pulled  down. 


ai6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

and  Fellows  used  to  ride  to  Brentford  and  drop  down  with  the 
tide  to  Queenhithe,  five  minutes  walk  from  the  Inn\  The 
following  items  are  from  the  computus  : — 

'Sol.  pro  uno  lecto  de  worstede  empt.  cum  toto  apparatu  at  iij 
curteyns  de  eodem,  una  cum  iij  peciis  integris  de  worstede  empt. 
pro  le  hangynge  placee  magne  Londin.  cum  factura  et  toto  apparatu, 
una  eciam  cum  diversis  instrumentis  (utensils)  emptis  pro  stauro 
ibidem,  iiij^  v^  iij*^.' 

The  following  valuation  of  the  contents  of  this  hostelry  was 
made  in  1544 : — 

'  Stuffe  bought  of  John  Sawnders,  citizen  of  London,  at  Trumpers 
Inn  in  Trinity  parish  "^^  a.  d.  1544,  to  the  use  of  ye  CoUedge  besyde 
Winton.' 

In  the  Hall—  £   s.   d.      £    s.  d. 

A  cupboard  with  lock  and  key ;    a  chest  with 

two  locks  and  two  keys  under  the  window    500 

Two  tressels 020 

A  form  and  three  joint  stools    .        .        .        .050 
A  standard  in  the  entry 034 


5  10    4 


In  the  Parlour — 

The  hangings  of  pointed  fustian  with  border  .200 
Carved  bedstead,  with  seller  and  tester  of 

wainscot  carved 200 

A  footpiece  to  the  same  of  wainscot  .  .008 
Five  curtains  of  red  and  yellow  and  a  fringe 

of  silk,  and  another  of  crewel  .  .  .250 
A  cupboard  with  two  locks  and  two  keys  .168 
A  portall   with  three   doors  and  all  things 

belonging 100 

A  settle  under  the  window  .  .  .  .  o  10  o 
Another  settle  with  a  lock  and  key  .  .  .068 
A  press  behind  the  bed  with  lock  and  key  .  o  10  o 
A  long  table  with  two  tressels  .        .        .        .076 

*  Their  usual  route  was  that  talcen  by  Taylor  the  water-poet,  who  sajrs  : — *  On 
Friday  I  gallop'd  a  foot  pace  one-and-twenty  miles  from  Winchester  to  Famhant, 
where  I  and  one  of  my  company  hired  a  couple  of  Hampshire  Jenets  with 
seven  legges  and  three  eyes  betwixt  them,  upon  whom  we  hobbled  seventeen 
miles  to  Stones,  whence  on  Saturday  the  23  of  August  we  footed  to  Brenford 
and  boated  to  London.' 

^  United  with  St.  Michael,  Queenhithe. 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  217 

£  s.  d.    £   s.  d. 
Six  joint  stools  of  wainscot       .        .        .       .060 

A  round  table 050 

A  turned  chair 010 

A  pair  of  brandirons  weighing  50  lbs.,  at  zd. 
the  lb.,  given  in  recompense  of  a  portall 
standing  in  the  parlour  of  the  httle  house    o    8 


In  the  Chamber  beneath — 

The  hangyng  of  the  same o  13    4 

A  carved  bedstead  of  wainscot .        .        .        .    o  13    4 
A  seller  and  tester  and  curtains  of  red  and 

green  saye o  15    o 

A  truckle  bed  under  the  same  .        .        .        .010 

A  table  with  two  tressels 076 

A  carved  chair  of  wainscot       .        .        .        .034 

A  form 030 

An  old  cupboard  with  a  hall  pace,  two  locks 

and  two  keys 034 

An  yron  barre  in  the  chymney         .        .        .010 


In  the  Chamber  over  the  Parlour — 
The  hanging  of  the  same  of  red  and  green 

buckram,  with  a  border  of  Antycke  .  .168 
A  bedstead  with  settles  about  it  .  .  .100 
A  tester,  seller,  and  curtains  of  pointed  fustian  o  15  o 
A  carved  press  of  wainscot,  with  four  locks 

and  four  keys 168 

A  jointed  table 050 

The  mats  on  the  floor o  10    o 

Three  locks  and  three  keys  of  plate         .        .050 
A  nest  of  boxes  under  the  shelves  in  the 

counting  house o  10    o 

In  the  Kychen — 

A  cistern  of  lead  with  a  cock  for  water   .        .  o  16    8 

Three  brass  pots o  16    2 

A  great  panne  weighing  30  lbs.        .        .        .  o  15    o 

Two  trowyes  (troughs)  oflead,  weighing  36^  lbs.  018 
A  pair  of  cupboards,  two  hangers,  two  spittes 

and  a  strayner,  weighing  80  lb.,  at  x\d.  .  o  10  o 
An  oven  lid,  tongs,  f3Te  rake,  and  fyre  shovel, 

weighing  20  lbs.,  at  20^.        .       .        .        .026 

'  Sic.    Should  be  £,ii  ts.  lod. 


10  18  6' 


3    o  10 


5  18    4 


320 


ai8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£  s.  d.     £ 
In  the  Buttery — 

A  cupboard  and  shelves o  lo    4 

A  charger,  12  platters,  12  dysshes,  12  sawcers, 

6  potyngers,  weighing  89  lbs.,  at  <^\d.         .     i  13    4 
A  pottle,  a  quart,  a  pint  wine  pot,  a  quart,  a 
pint  ale  pot,  a  chamber  pot,  and  two  pots 
for  horses,  weighing  22  lbs.,  at  5</.    .        .092 

Four  great  candlesticks 046 

One  chafing  dish 028 


In  the  Maydens'  Chamber — 
The  hangings  of  the  same         .        .        .        .076 

A  joyned  bedstead  with  the  seller    .        .        .  o  10    o 

Four  curtaynes  of  sylke i  16    8 

A  table  cloth,  a  '  tuell,'  and  6  napkins  of  dyaper  134 

A  fetherbed  with  bolster  of  down     .        .        .  2  16    8 
A  fetherbed,  a  bolster  of  fethers,  a  pillow  of 
down,  6  curtains  and  a  coverlet  of  *  yder ' 

(eider) 368 

A  fetherbed,  bolster,  and  pillow  of  down         .  i  15    4 

Two  payre  of  shete 100 


300 


II  18    8» 


Hawkbroke,  who  had  been  usher  many  years,  died  or  retired 
at  Midsummer  1470,  and  there  seems  to  have  been  a  little 
difficulty  in  filling  his  place  : — 

*  In  exp.  Hen.  Crocker  (a  fellow)  laboranti  pro  novo  hostiario  per 
vj  dies  Oxon.  mense  Julii,  cum  iij^  iij^  dat.  eidem  hostiario'-'  venienti 
Coll.  pro  expensis  suis  redeundo  ad  Oxon. — viij*  v*.' 

The  number  of  scholars  in  commons  during  the  months  of 
June,  July,  and  August,  1474,  was  so  low  as  to  suggest  the 
prevalence  of  an  epidemic,  probably  the  plague,  during  that 
summer.  There  had  been  a  deadly  outbreak  in  Oxford  in  1471, 
and  it  raged  throughout  England  in  1478. 

Warden  Baker's  great  work  was  Thurbern's  chantry.  This 
building  was  begun  on  the  site  of  Wykeham's  belfry  in  the  year 
1474,  and  was  finished,  with  the  tower  above  it,  in  1480.  The 
total  cost  of  chantry  and  tower  was  £370  14s.  iid.  '  Le 
Vawte,'  the  vaulted  stone  roof  of  the  chantry,  cost  £19  14s.  s\^' 
The  greater  part  of  the  cost  was  defrayed  out  of  the  rents  and 

'  Should  be  ^la  ids.  ad. 

'  John  Davy,  of  Pewsey,  adm.  1450.  He  retired  on  a  fellowship  of  Win- 
chester College  in  1478. 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  319 

profits  of  the  property  at  Romsey,  which  Thurbern  had  devised 
to  the  College  with  that  object.  The  rest  was  made  up  by 
subscription.  The  Earl  of  ArundeP  gave,  first  and  last,  the 
sum  of  £  10  6s.  8d.  Other  subscribers  were,  John  Kent,  citizen 
of  London,  35.  40?. ;  Margery  Rede,  widow  of  Richard  Rede, 
porter  of  Wolvesey  Castle,  33s.  40?. ;  John  Davy  the  usher, 
66s.  8d.  ;  Thomas  Newman,  the  lessee  of  Andover  Parsonage 
(who  owed  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  Society  for  opposing  the 
bill  touching  the  Priory),  lOos. ;  and  Joan  Jolyffe,  mother  of 
William  Jolyffe",  a  commoner  from  the  Isle  of  Wight,  13s.  ^d. 
It  is  inferred  from  the  first  references  in  the  computus  rolls 
to  the  erection  of  the  structure  that  the  architect,  whoever  he 
was,  thought  it  sufficient  to  clear  away  the  materials  of 
Wykeham's  belfry  down  to  the  piles  on  which  it  rested,  without 
strengthening  the  foundation  in  any  way.  He  also  removed 
one  of  the  buttresses  on  the  south  side  of  the  Chapel,  which  was 
in  the  way.  All  this  was  unfortunate.  The  structure  seems  to 
have  borne  witness  to  its  instability  from  the  very  first.  Only 
five  years  after  it  was  finished  a  buttress  had  to  be  built  against 
its  south  face  : — '  Sol.  pro  le  Botresse  in  exteriore  parte  nove 
capelle  hoc  anno  Ixv^  vjd '  is  an  item  in  the  accounts  for  1485. 
This  buttress  answered  its  purpose  for  many  years.  In  the 
first  year  of  King  Edward  VI  the  services  in  Thurbern's 
chantry  ceased,  and  it  served  for  some  years  afterwards  as  a 
music  school  for  the  choristers.  The  two  large  arches  in  the 
south  wall  of  the  chapel  were  pierced  at  a  later  date,  with  the 
object  of  throwing  Thurbern's  chantry  into  the  antechapel. 
The  shaft  left  between  these  two  arches,  deprived  of  the  support 
which  the  buttress  at  that  point  used  to  afford  prior  to  the 
erection  of  the  chantry,  began  to  give  way,  and  had  to  be 
rebuilt  in  1671.  *  Sol.  M^o  Byrde  pro  reparatione  columnae  ad 
australem  situm  capellae  sub  campanili,  xl^'  is  an  entry  in  the 
Bursars'  book  of  that  year.     In  1740  iron  ties  were  introduced  ; 

*  It  does  not  appear  how  this  nobleman's  interest  in  the  College  arose  ;  but 
he  was  a  steady  patron.  His  company  of  minstrels  gave  an  entertainment  in 
Hall  at  Christmas-tide  during  many  years ;  e.  g.  in  the  computus  of  1501  : — 
'  Sol.  ministrall.  dni  de  Arundel  venient.  ad  Coll.  xv  die  Januarii  ad  mandatum 
custodis  xx"*,  cum  viij'*  solut.  uni  joculatori  dm  regis,  ij*  iiij** ;  et  in  sol.  minis- 
trail,  dne  reginae  venient.  ad  Coll.  xiv  die  Julii  ad  mandat.  DnI  custodis  xx**.' 

*  The  Jolliffe  family  were  lessees  and  copyholders  under  the  College  for  many 
generations. 


220  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

and  in  1772-3  Mr.  James  Essex,  of  Cambridge,  the  restorer  of 
King's  College  Chapel,  struck  a  foundation  on  the  stump  of  the 
buttress  which  was  removed  at  the  time  when  the  Chantry  was 
built,  and  carried  up  from  it  a  solid  prop  of  masonry  at  a  cost  of 
£605.  This  expedient,  in  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Charles  Black- 
stone,  writing  in  1782,  was  likely  to  secure  the  Chantry  and 
tower  from  further  failure.  However,  signs  of  mischief 
reappeared.  The  tower  became  so  insecure  that  the  bells 
could  not  be  rung ;  and  in  1863  the  entire  structure  was  taken 
down  and  rebuilt  by  subscription  to  the  memory  of  the  two 
Wardens,  Williams  and  Barter,  then  lately  deceased. 
The  following  inscription  is  beneath  the  tower : — 

D.W.  ob :  die  Martis  22*°  a.d.  i860  aetatis  suae  74. 

R.  S.  B.  ob :  die  Februarii  8^°  a.d.  1861  aetatis  suae  71. 

In  memoriam 

David  Williams  I.  C.  D. 

Hujus  Collegii 

xrv  annos  Hostiarii     xii  Informatoris 

Coll.  B.  M.  Wint.  in  Oxon. 

XX  annos  Custodis 

Viri  consilio  dignitate  doctrina 

Humanitate  munificentia 

Candore  morum  et  integritate  vitae 

Si  quis  alius  insignis. 

In  memoriam 

Robert:  Speckott  Barter 

I.  C.  B. 

Hujus  Collegii 

XXIX  annos  Custodis 

Viri 

Ob  benevolentiam  cordis  et  largitatem 

Constantiam  animi  et  fidem 

Suavitatem  liberalitatem  pietatem 

Nemini  non  dilecti. 

Utriusque  geminorum  horum  collegiorum  decoris  tutelae  columnae 

Utriusque  intra  unius  anni  spatium  ad  immortalia  avocati 

Hanc   turrim    vetustate    diu  labantem  denuo  exaedificandam  et 

nomine  duorum  custodum 
Perpetuo  appellandam  censuerunt  Wiccamici  sui  a.s.  mdccclxiii 

posterorum  causa 
Id  scilicet  in  animo  habentes  ut  in  ipsa  acerbissimi  desiderii  sui 

recordatione  manifestum  facerent 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  aai 

Non  in  quibuslibet  viris  magnis  nee  in  brevem  aliquam  hominum 

aetatem 
Sed  in   omne  tempus  et  in  perpetua  serie  virorum  ad  horum 

exemplar 
Sub  his  penetralibus  ad  omnia  bona  fortia  fidelia  enutriendorum 
Stare  rem  wiccamicam. 

The  following  coats  of  arms  and  emblems  existed  in  the  roof 
of  Thurbern's  Chantry  prior  to  1772,  when  they  were  for  the 
most  part  unavoidably  defaced  in  the  course  of  erecting  the 
pier  which  strengthened  the  tower : — 

Wykeham. — Argent,  two  chevronels  sable,  between  three  roses 
gules,  barbed  and  seeded  proper,  within  a  garter. 

Wayneflete. — Lozengy  ermine  and  sable  within  a  garter,  quar- 
tered with  the  arms  of  the  See  of  Winchester,  viz.  gules, 
two  bays  addorsed  the  bows  interlaced  in  bend,  the  uppermost 
argent,  the  other  or  ;  a  sword  interposed  between  them  in 
bend  sinister  of  the  second,  pommel  and  hilt  of  the  third. 

FiTZALAN,  E.  OF  Arundel. — Ante,  p.  167. 

Bassingborne. — Gyronny  of  twelve  pieces  or,  a  rose  in  fess  gules. 

Hugh  Sugar. — Three  sugar  loaves. 

Prior  Nevill? — Ante,  p.  167. 

Bekyngton,  Bp.  of  Bath  and  Wells. — Argent,  on  a  fess  azure 
between  three  bucks'  heads  caboched  or  and  three  phaons 
sable,  a  mitre  or. 

Warden  Chaundler. — A  capital  C  charged  with  tapers  or  candles 
in  saltire. 

Warden  Thurbern. — R.  T.  and  a  burning  thurible. 

The  first  allusion  to  Caen  stone  occurs  in  connection  with 
Thurbern's  Chantry.  But  Isle  of  Wight  and  Beer  stone  were 
the  materials  chiefly  employed. 

The  prices  of  some  of  the  materials  may  be  quoted  here  : — 

2000  vi  penynayle,  at  4s.  2</. 084 

4000  V  penynayle,  at  35.  4^^. o  13    4 

4000  iv  penynayle,  at  25.  6d. o  10    o 

2000  X  penynayle,  at  7s.  6d. o  15    o 

10,000  lathenayle  (large),  at  izd. o  10    o 

9000  „  (small),  at  lod. 076 

5  loads  of  sand 037 

2  qrs.  3  bus.  i  peck  *  tylepynnys ' o    6    3J 

7  dozen  quarterbordes,  at  40^. 024 


222  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

I    5.    d. 
2  dozen  plankeborde        ...  .        .        .        o    o    8 

Six  loads  '  blew  slate,'  at  6s.  9</ 206 

Four  hundred  *  rede  tyle,'  at  25.  6</,  per  1000         .        .        013 

The  glazier's  wages  were  fourpence  a  day  : — 

'Sol.  Robto  Robynson,  vitreatori,  laboranti  per  xxxiij  dies  mense 

Septembri  et  Octob.  circa   fenestras  nove  turris  etc.,  ad  iiij*  per 

diem,  xj*.' 

Thurbern's  Chantry  was  consecrated  August  20,  1488  : — 

*In  dat,  sufFraganeo  Dnl  Epi  Wynton.  xx"*"  die  Augusti  pro 
consecracione  novi  altaris  in  capella  M"^  Thurbern  una  cum  expensis 
eiusdem  in  tribus  refeccionibus,  et  in  expensis  v  equorum  in  Waltham 
ad  vices  xiij*  ix**.' 

The  glass  in  the  south  window  was  removed  to  the  east  window 
of  Fromond's  Chantry  (which  it  does  not  fit),  in  the  year  1772.  It 
is  much  patched  and  damaged,  but  would  repay  careful  restoration. 
With  the  exception  of  portions  of  the  Chapel  windows,  it  is  the 
oldest  stained  glass  about  the  College.  The  bill  for  it  was  paid 
in  1483 :— 

XX 

*  Sol.  pro  factura  iij  pedum  vitri  antiqui  pro  magna  fenestra  in 
nova  capella,  ad  ij"^  iiii  per  pedem,  ad  minus  in  toto  iij<i  .  .  .  xviij* ' 

is  the  entry  in  the  computus  of  that  year.  Twopence  three 
farthings  per  foot  seems  a  low  price,  which  may  be  explained 
by  the  circumstance  of  the  glass  being  second-hand.  As  nearly 
all  the  figures  are  those  of  female  saints,  it  was  probably  designed 
for,  or  bought  out  of,  some  nunnery:  The  glass  which  now  fills 
the  south  window  was  put  there  in  the  year  1848,  as  a  testi- 
monial to  Dr.  Charles  Wordsworth,  now  Bishop  of  St.  Andrews, 
on  his  retiring  from  the  office  of  Hostiarius. 

Provisions  were  cheap  in  1476,  for  the  '  excrescentia  cotnuna- 
rum,'  or  excess  of  the  allowance  for  provisions  over  their  actual 
cost,  amounted  to  £32  35;  '  Goddards,'  a  sort  of  earthenware 
beer  jug,  so  called  probably  after  the  maker,  are  mentioned 
under  'custus  panetriae'  in  this  year.  They  cost  ^d.  each. 
Throwys  (troughs,  a  truly  Hampshire  version  of  the  word)  'pro 
piscibus  adaquandis,'  for  soaking  salt  fish,  are  also  mentioned. 

John  Yong,  of  Heyford  Warren  (adm.  1478),  became  Dean  of 
York.  Another  John  Yong,  of  Newnton  Longville  (adm.  1474), 
became  Dean  of  Chichester  and  titular  Bishop  of  Gallipoli,  and 
was  elected  Warden  of  New  College  in  1521.  He  was  made 
Keeper  of  the  Rolls  on  the  accession  of  Henry  VHI.    A  con- 


Wardens  Chaundler  and  Baker.  223 

temporary,  Thomas  Wellys,  a  native  of  Alresford,  rose  to  be 
titular  Bishop  of  Sidon,  and  might  have  been  Warden  of  New 
College,  but  declined  the  distinction.  Hugh  Yng,  of  Wells 
(adm.  1480),  became  Archbishop  of  Dublin  and  Chancellor  of 
Ireland. 

John  Fysher,  of  Taunton  (adm.  1481),  became  Rector  of 
Headley,  and  retired  in  his  old  age  upon  a  pension  of  eleven 
marks  per  annum  out  of  the  benefice'. 

Only  nine  scholars  were  admitted  in  1482.    As  the  College 

was  full  throughout  that  year,  and  there  were,  for  some  reason 

not  disclosed,  no  holidays,  even  the  usual  fortnight's  'exeat '  at 

Whitsuntide  not  being  given  either  in  this  or  the  following 

year,  I  extract  the  cost  of  commons,  which  continued  to  be 

provided  at  the  rate  allowed  by  Wykeham's  statutes  : — 

£,  s.d. 
Warden,  fellows,  schoolmaster,  chaplains,  usher,  and 

lay  clerks 48    8    o 

Scholars,  averaging  sixty-eight  in  commons  throughout 

the  year 117  19  10 

Choristers  and  servants 44    9    4 

Jurnelli  (journeymen  employed  about  the  place)  and 

strangers .  9  18    o 

Pittances  on  festivals 6  13    4 

£221    8    6 


Nicholas  Harpysfield,  of  Wishford  in  Wiltshire  (adm.  i486), 
became  Rector  of  Havant,  and  Commissary  to  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester ^  He  was  probably  uncle  to  the  eminent  brothers, 
John  Harpysfield  (adm.  1528),  Dean  of  Norwich,  and  Nicholas 
Harpysfield  (adm.  1529),  Archdeacon  of  Canterbury,  and 
Principal  of  Alban  Hall.  William  Knyghte  (adm.  1487) 
became  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  and  Secretary  of  State 
under  Henry  VH  and  Henry  VH I.  He  left  a  legacy  of  £20  to 
the  Society. 

*  Before  Stat.  31  Eliz.  c.  6,  bishops  often  assigned  pensions  to  retiring  incum- 
bents out  of  the  income  of  their  benefices  (Gibson,  8aa).  They  ceased  to  do  so 
after  this  Statute,  which  imposes  a  penalty  on  clerks  corruptly  taking  resigna- 
tion pensions.  The  Incumbents'  Resignation  Act,  187 1,  restored,  with  certain 
limitations,  the  ancient  practice. 

^  His  name  appears  in  the  computus  of  1599  in  connection  with  an  early  case 
of  conscience  money,  '  De  quodam  ad  exoneracionem  consciencie  sue  per  manus 
Doctoris  Harpysfyld,  iij»  iiij**.* 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

Wardens  Cleve,  Rede,  Barnake,  and  More 
(1487-1541.) 

Cleve's  obit. — The  Great  Bell. — Sundry  prices. — Visitation  of  1494. — William 
Horeman. — Leather  Jacks. — Dr.  John  London. — President  Mayo. — Warden 
Rede. — Battle  of  the  Spurs. — Nicholas  Udall. — Warden  Barnake. — 
Edward  More,  Schoolmaster  and  Warden. — Election  Cup. — School  holi- 
days.— Rede's  bequest. — Vestments  and  Plate  in  1525. — Confiscation  under 
Edward  VL — Fate  of  Winchester  Church  plate. — The  Twycheners. — 
Archdeacon  Philpot. — Wolsey's  Visitation. — Bishop  Gardiner. — College 
Mill. — Cranmer's  and  Cromwell's  Visitations. — Servants  in  1536. — Sanders 
the  Jesuit. 

Warden  Baker  died  in  February  1486-7.  His  successor, 
Michael  Cleve  (adm.  1454),  was  a  native  of  St.  Ebbe's,  in  Ox- 
ford, and  a  Fellow  of  New  College.  As  soon  as  he  was  made 
Warden,  he,  prudent  man,  placed  a  sum  of  £146  13s.  4^.  in  the 
College  chest  as  a  provision  for  his  obit,  which  was  celebrated 
thenceforth  on  October  9  annually,  the  Warden  attending  it, 
as  Charles  V  did  the  rehearsal  of  his  own  funeral,  and  receiving 
the  Warden's  allowance  of  zod.  for  being  present  \  Cleve  died 
in  1501,  and  was  buried  in  the  College  chapel,  where  there 
used  to  be  a  brass  to  his  memory.  He  bequeathed  to  the 
Society  a  great  quantity  of  plate,  and  the  great  bell,  which  cost 
£13  65*^.     This  appears  by  an  acquittance  to  Cleve's  executors 


*  The  other  allowances  at  this  obit  were  : — 

Schoolmaster,  Fellows  and  Chaplains  izrf.  each 
Usher  and  lay  clerks  6rf.  each 
Scholars  arf.  each 
Choristers  id.  each     . 
Sacrist  for  wax  . 
Pittance  throughout  Hall 
'  It  was  hung   in  1503.     *  Pro 


14 


comunis  ij  laborancium  in  locacione  magna 
campane  per  ij  dies  viij<*,  cum  ij'  viij '  solut.  Joh.  Emery  pro  le  gogyn  (gudgeons) 


Warden  Cleve.  225 

under  the  seals  of  Warden  Rede  and  seven  of  the  Fellows, 
which  is  preserved  in  the  muniment  room. 

Under  custus  capellae  in  1487  will  be  found  an  account  of  the 
cost  of  some  new  frontals  for  the  inferior  altars  : — 

'  In  solut.  Edvardo  Broderer  pro  iij  frengis  pro  iij  altaribus, 
iijJ  iij«  vj'* :  pro  viridi  filo,  bladio,  rubro  et  serico  empt.  ad  idem  opus 
iij"  ....  et  in  solut.  Job.  Smyth  Londini  pro  iij  ymaginibus  crucifixi 
cum  aliis  ymagin.  beate  Marie  et  Johannis,  xxvj^  Et  in  solut. 
Edvardo  Broderer  pro  ymposicione  predictarum  ymaginum  in  le 
dictis  auterclothes  de  mottley  per  vij  dies  mense  Augusti,  et  pro 
emendacione  divers,  vestimentorum,  cum  iiij'^  pro  filo  serico  ij'  vj**.' 

Under  the  same  head  in  1491 : — 

*  Thirteen  thousand  wafers  (panes)  at  Qd.,  Qs.  8d. :  nine  flagons  of 
red  wine  at  lod.,  8s.  6d. :  three  and  a  half  flagons  of  Malmsey,  115, : 
twenty-one  flagons  of  the  same  wine  bought  at  Southampton,  215. ' : 
Simon  Taylor  for  nineteen  flagons  of  red  wine  at  different  times,  15s. : 
sixteen  flagons  of  oil  for  the  lamps  in  the  choir,  205. :  seventeen 
skins  of  vellum  for  mass  books,  with  i^d.  for  "mowthe  glew," 
I2»  4*.' 

Under  custus  aulae  in  1490  I  find: — 

*  Forty-one  ells  of  bockeram,  at  ^^d.  "  pro  mappis  generosorum  " 
— napkins  for  the  gentlemen  commoners — 14s.  6d. :  forty-eight  ells 
of  "  streyte "  canvas  "  pro  duplicatura  le  dorsers  " — to  back  the 
worsted  hangings  ^  65.:  Thirty-nine  ells  of  canvas  (unbleached 
linen)  at  ^.,  to  make  napkins  for  the  scholars,  with  lod.  for  making, 
13s.  lod.' 

Doglas  cloth  (dowlas)  for  napkins  cost  ^\d.  per  ell  in  1494. 

Custos  aulae  in  1494 : — A  '  Garnysshe  de  pewter  veshell 
ponderant.  xlix  lib.'  at  4^.,  cost  165.  /^d.,  less  35.  B^d.  allowed 
for  28  lbs.  of  old  pewter  at  2d.     Eight  pence  for  eight  hoops 

pro  eadem  campana,  iiij*,'  occurs  in  the  computus  of  that  year.  It  had  to  be 
cast  anew  in  1525,  and  again  in  1573.  These  are  the  items  of  cost  on  the  last 
occasion  : — '  Sol.  M™  Dove  pro  iij  c  et  amplius  ly  bell  mettell  xj>  v*  viij"*.  Item 
Joh.  Burton  coUectori  vasium  (old  brass  and  copper  pots)  xvj*.  Item  pro  viij  lib. 
et  dim.  pewter  p.  lib.  v^,  et  pro  ij  lib.  brasse  p.  lib  iiij'',  in  toto,  iiij'  ij<*.  Item  Joh. 
Lake  pro  cxxj  lib.  stanni  xx».  Item  Joh.  Cole  pro  fusione  magne  campane 
iij'  xij»  iijd.  Item  Edmundo  Warton,  fabro  ferrario,  pro  diversis  ferramentis  ad 
magnam  campanam,  ij".  ij"*.  Item  pro  rota  ad  eandem  campanam,  v».  Item 
Rogero  Lyme  pro  iij  funibus  ponderant.  xxviij  lib.  viij».  vj"*.  Item  Will"  Strode 
pro  ly  bawdryke  ad  magnam  campanam,  iij'  iiij**.' 

'  The  difference  in  price  between  Winchester  and  Southampton  is  remarkable. 

'  Probably  the  hangings  of  red  worsted  give  by  Dr.  John  Selott  (adm.  1428) 
in  the  year  1470. 

Q 


226  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

to  Me  vargis  barell'  will  remind  the  reader  of  a  condiment 
now  superseded  by  vinegar.  From  Joinville's  description  of 
the  Greek  fire  used  at  the  siege  of  Acre,  which  he  says 
is  *  as  large  as  a  barrel  of  verjuice,'  it  would  seem  that 
such  a  barrel  was  a  sort  of  standard  of  capacity.  An  item 
of  305.  8^.  for  24I  flagons  of  oil  pro  cameris  puerorum  shows 
that  oil  was  burnt  after  dark  in  the  scholars'  chambers  at 
that  period. 

Under  custus  hrasini  in  1493  I  find  a  reference  to  a  pump 
costing  Zd.  in  '■fonte  hrasini,^  superseding  the  windlass  and 
bucket  there.  A  new  '  meshyngvatte,'  or  mash  tub,  bought  at 
la  Wee  (Weyhill  Fair),  cost  los.  8^.,  including  i2</.  for  carriage 
to  Winchester. 

Custus  stahuli  in  1493  and  1495: — 

*  Five  surcyngyll,  oad.  :  six  gyrthys,  4s. :  bridill  raynys,  i6</. : 
twelve  ledyng  raynys  for  sumpter  or  packhorses,  (>d. :  chaynys  and 
bokels,  iifl?. :  a  saddle,  55.:  tw^o  bittes,  16^. :  nine  Cardinal  Hattes 
(rosettes  ?)  ^d. :  three  hedstalles,  \2.d. :  a  drench,  d^d.  Hay  was  45. 
per  load  :  straw,  eight  quarters,  105.  ^d. :  oats,  forty  quarters  at  25. — 
;^4 :  beans,  eleven  quarters  "  ad  miscendum  cum  avenis,"  85. :  horse- 
shoes, fore,  2</.,  hind,  ^\d.  each :  two  new  sets  of  harness,  55. : 
vernesshyng  (burnishing)  le  styroppes,  2S. :  a  stable  barrow,  i6</.' 

The  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Thomas  de  Langton^  personally 
visited  the  College  April  14,  1494.  He  was  attended  by  the 
Abbot  of  Hyde,  the  Prior  of  St.  Swithun,  Dr.  Fylde,  and  other 
civilians.  The  proceedings  appear  to  have  been  formal.  The 
cost  was  £6  13s.  4^/.,  in  addition  to  a  procuration  fee  of  135.  40?.; 
and  3s.  \d.  was  distributed  among  the  Bishop's  officials,  'ex 
curialitate  pro  eorum  laboribus.' 

William  Horeman,  otherwise  Herman  or  Harman,  adm.  1468, 
Fell.  N.  C.  1477-85,  succeeded  Fescam  as  schoolmaster  in  1495. 
Like  his  predecessor,  Clement  Smyth,  he  came  from  Eton, 
where  he  had  been  schoolmaster  from  1485  to  1495. 

Jonson  says  of  him  : — 

*  lUe  hie,  Etonae  postmodo  terror  erat,' 
reversing  the  order  of  his   two    masterships.      He  retired  in 
1502,  being  made  a  Fellow  of  Eton,  and  ended  his  days  there  as 

^  His  chantry  at  the  east  end  of  Winchester  Cathedral,  on  the  south  side,  is 
fitted  up,  according  to  Milner,  in  a  pecuHar  style  of  richness  and  elegance,  the 
ornaments  with  which  it  is  covered  being  car\'ed  in  oak.  He  died  Archbishop 
elect  of  Canterbury  in  the  year  1500. 


Warden  Cleve.  o.q.'j 

Vice- Provost,  April  12th,  1535,  aged  nearly  one  hundred  years. 
He  is  buried  in  the  chapel  of  Eton  College,  where  there  is  a  brass 
to  his  memory. 

The  word  Pandoxatorium  (n-ai/Soxeioi'),  a  medieval  name  for  a 
brew-house,  occurs  in  the  computus  for  1495  : — '  Sol.  uni  labor- 
anti  in  pandoxatorio  vice  Rob*'  Awdley  equitantis  in  progressu 
autumnal!  ij^  \\]^*  Awdley  was  the  College  brewer;  and  when 
he  rode  in  the  Warden's  escort  on  the  autumn  progress,  a  sub- 
stitute was  paid  to  brew. 

The  first  allusion  to  leather  beer  jacks,  two  or  three  of  which 
still  exist  about  the  College,  occurs  in  the  computus  for  1433  : — 
*  Sol.  pro  olla  de  corio  empt.  Londini  pro  generosis.'  I  find  in 
the  year  1495  *  In  sol.  pro  xix  ledyr  gallyn  pottes  ad  viij^,  cum 
xij*^  pro  carriagio,  pro  mensa  puerorum,  xiij^  viij<i.'  These  jacks 
varied  in  size,  but  a  jack  regarded  as  a  measure  contained  two 
gallons.  These  jacks  were  called  gispins  in  the  sixteenth 
century: — 'Sol.  pro  iij  lagenis  de  corio  vocat.  ly  gyspyns  ad 
usum  scholarium  et  servientium,  iij^  iij<^,*  occurs  in  the  accounts 
for  1569,  and  'Pro  iij  lagenis  de  corio  empt.  in  nundinis  de 
Magdalene  viij» '  in  the  account  for  the  next  year.  The  word  is 
obsolete,  and  I  have  not  met  with  it  elsewhere. 

The  prices  of  iron  nails  supplied  by  William  Forest,  of  Dud- 
ley, in  the  year  1509,  were  as  follows.  It  is  noticeable  that  at 
this  early  period  such  terms  as  '  tenpenny,'  connoting  the  price 
per  hundred,  had  come  to  mean  a  nail  of  a  particular  size  with- 
out reference  to  the  price  : — 

5.  d. 
Two  thousand  tenpenny  nails,  at  6s.  8</.  .  .  .  .  13  4 
Four  thousand  sixpenny  nails,  at  45.  2^.  .  .  .  .  16  8 
Four  thousand  fivepenny  nails,  at  3s.  40^..  .  .  .  13  4 
Two  thousand  threepenny  nails,  at  is.  8</.  .        .        .        .         34 

Dr.  John  London  (adm.  1497)  was  Warden  of  New  College 
from  1516  to  1541,  when  he  resigned  and  became  Dean  of 
Wallingford  and  Oseney.  He  died  in  the  Fleet  in  1543  under 
a  charge  of  conspiracy  and  forgery.  Bishop  Lowth  devotes 
several  pages  of  his  Life  of  Wykeham  to  refuting  a  scandal 
floated  by  Dr.  London,  attributing  Wykeham's  success  in  the 
political  world  to  the  favour  of  Alice  Perrers. 

The  following  entry  in  the  accounts  of  the  year  1500,  *  Rec. 
de  doct.  presidenti  Coll.  beate  M.  Magd.  pro  veteri  victu  ac- 

Q2 


228  Annals  of  Winchester  College, 

quirendo  vjl  xiij^  iiij^,*  seems  to  me  to  mean  that  Dr.  Mayhew  or 
Mayo  (adm.  1455),  the  President  of  Magdalen,  returned  to  the 
College  the  sum  which  his  commons  had  cost  while  he  was  a 
scholar  at  Winchester.  If  so,  it  is  the  only  recorded  case  of  the 
sort.  The  sum  refunded  represents  200  weeks'  commons  at  8flf. 
Dr.  Mayhew  was  a  native  of  Kingsclere,  and  in  1504  became 
Bishop  of  Hereford. 

Warden  Cleve's  successor  was  Rede  the  schoolmaster.  Rede 
was  also  Master  of  St.  Cross  and  Magdalen  Hospitals  \ 

The  following  entry  in  the  computus  of  the  year  1512  refers  to 
a  contingent  from  the  College  to  a  camp  of  reserve  in  the  Isle 
of  Wight  during  the  operations  in  France  which  ended  in  the 
battle  of  the  Spurs: — 'In  armis  sumptis  pro  iij  hominibus 
mittendis  ad  Insulam  Vectam  tempore  belli  ij^  iijd.' 

Nicholas  Owdall  (Udall)  (adm.  1517),  missing  election  to  New 
College,  became  a  scholar  and  then  a  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  Oxford.  In  1534  he  became  headmaster  of  Eton, 
and  wrote  '  Ralph  Roister  Doister '  for  performance  in  Hall  or 
Long  Chamber.  In  1541  he  lost  his  situation  under  circum- 
stances alluded  to  by  Lyte  {History  of  Eton  College,  p.  115),  but 
afterwards  became  headmaster  of  Westminster  School.  An- 
other Wykehamist,  Richard  Davis  (adm.  1518),  succeeded  him 
at  Eton. 

Henry  Cole  (adm.  1519)  became  Warden  of  New  College  in 
1540  and  Provost  of  Eton  in  1554.  He  was  Dean  of  St.  Paul's 
and  Judge  of  the  Arches  Court  under  Queen  Mary,  but  lost  all 
his  preferment  as  well  as  his  liberty  under  Queen  Elizabeth. 

In  1520  Warden  Rede  was  chosen  head  of  New  College. 
That  Society  failed  to  elect  a  new  Warden  in  due  time,  and  Bishop 
Fox  collated  Ralph  Barnake  (adm.  1495)  to  the  vacant  head- 
ship. Barnake  had  been  University  Registrar,  and  was  living 
in  retirement  as  Vicar  of  Adderbury  at  the  time  when  the  mantle 
of  Rede  was  so  unexpectedly  cast  upon  him.  Barnake  was 
scarcely  equal  to  the  position,  owing  to  ill-health.  He  re- 
tired in  October,  1526,  and  died  very  soon  afterwards.    He  left  a 

^  An  ancient  Hospital  for  leprous  persons  on  Morn  (Magdalen)  Hill  east  of 
Winchester.  Fromond  left  a  legacy  of  20s.  to  its  inmates.  I  find  the  following 
in  a  computus  of  John  Foxholes,  who  was  treasurer  of  Wolvesey  in  1421  : — 
*  In  solut  M™  hospitalis  B.  M.  Magd.  juxta  Wynton.  et  leprosis  ibidem  de  ele- 
mosina  xxv'  xvj»  iiij<*.' 


Warden  Rede.  229 

legacy  of  £7  to  the  Society,  which  was  laid  out  in  the  purchase 
of  a  tenement  in  Kingsgate  Street,  on  the  site  of  which  the  choir- 
school  stands.  Edward  More  succeeded  him.  More  had  been 
schoolmaster  from  1508,  when  he  succeeded  Farlyngton,  Hore- 
man's  successor,  till  1517,  when  he  made  way  for  Erlisman,  and 
was  probably  living  in  retirement  when  promotion  overtook 
him.  Regular  school  holidays,  a  week  or  more  about  Whit- 
suntide, and  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks  in  August  or  September, 
after  Election,  may  be  said  to  commence  with  More.  In  the  first 
week  of  September,  1518,  not  a  single  scholar  was  in  commons ; 
a  thing  which  had  never  occurred  before.  It  occurred  again 
in  1522  \ 

More  was  the  giver  of  'Election  Cup,*  a  large  embossed 
silver  gilt  bowl  on  a  stem  highly  finished  and  ornamented  with 
twenty-four  false  jewels,  which  appears  on  the  High  Table  at 
the  Domum  dinner. 

Sir  Richard  Rede,  Knt.  (adm.  1524),  practised  as  a  Proctor  in 
the  Arches  Court,  and  became  Chancellor  of  Ireland.  His  will, 
made  in  1559,  contains  the  following  bequest : — 

'  I  gyve  to  the  fellows  and  schollers  of  Winchester  CoIIedge  to  be 
delivered  ymediatlie  after  my  decease  fourtie  shillings,  to  be  bestowed 
for  the  betteringe  of  their  commons  for  one  or  two  meals,  as  may 
to  them  seem  best,  as  a  poore  token  of  rembrance  that  my  firste 
educacion  was  in  that  Colledge,  when  their  commons  were  righte 
slender  and  small.' 

After  this  joke  at  the  expense  of  the  Warden  and  Fellows,  the 
testator  gave  his  two  gold  chains,  worth  £190,  to  be  sold,  and 
the  produce  applied  in  purchasing  two  perpetual  annuities  of 
£5  and  £3  respectively  for  the  improvement  of  the  commons  of 
either  Society.  Sir  Richard  Rede's  will  was  proved  in  the 
year  1576.  The  Society  of  New  College  received  the  money 
and  secured  the  annuity  of  £3  to  Winchester  College,  under 
the  name  of  '  Petty  Wales.' 

The  following  summary  of  the  contents  of  the  Vestiary  in  the 
year  1525  from  the  inventory  of  that  year  (being  the  last  extant 
inventory  prior  to  the  Reformation),  will  show  what  a  quantity 
of  vestments  the  Society  possessed  at  that  period  : — 

'  The  reader  may,  if  he  pleases,  attribute  More's  generosity  in  respect  of 
hohdays  to  the  circumstance  of  his  having  been  in  the  school  under  Dene, 
who  gave  no  leave  out  at  all  during  two  of  the  years  while  More  was  in 
College. 


230  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Imprimis,  A  set  of  vestments  of  red  tissue,  made  out  of  the 
robe  which  the  most  christian  Prince  King  Henry  VI  gave;  a 
chasuble,  a  cope  and  panares  for  three  albs ;  two  amices  and  stoles 
and  three  fanons  (fanellae) ;  also  two  tunicles  bought  to  match.  The 
chasuble  has  a  Crucifix  on  the  back  and  the  Trinity  on  its  upper  part. 

Item.  A  set  of  white  tissue,  the  cope  of  the  same  stuff  worked 
with  a  Crucifix ;  the  chasuble  with  Angels  on  its  back  and  the 
Trinity  above. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  velvet  powdered  with  angels  and  flaming 
clouds  and  the  letters  R.  T.  The  subject  of  the  orphrey  is  Jesse  \ 
The  gift  of  Thurbern. 

Item.  A  set  of  blue  velvet  worked  with  golden  stars  and  crowns. 
Five  copes  of  the  same  stuff,  two  frontals  for  the  high  altar  and  one 
frontlet  to  match.  A  small  reading  desk  (lectorium  pro  lectione 
evangeliorum)  covered  blue  tartaryn,  with  a  stole  worked  with 
golden  crowns. 

Item.  A  set  of  blue  velvet,  the  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold  worked 
with  a  Crucifix,  Mary  and  St.  John.  The  chasuble  has  three  angels 
on  its  back  and  the  Trinity  over  them.  The  Cope  damasked  with 
golden  flowers,  and  two  frontals  to  match  for  the  high  altar.  The 
gift  of  Andrew  Hulse. 

Item.  A  set  of  white  damask,  the  orphrey  of  red  velvet,  chasuble 
worked  in  the  back  with  a  lily,  golden  roses  and  damask  flowers  in 
the  field ;  and  an  alb. 

Item.  Another  set  of  white  damask,  the  orphrey  of  crimson 
velvet.  Chasuble  worked  in  the  back  with  golden  flowers  and  golden 
flowers  in  the  field ;  cope  to  match  with  two  silver  gilt  buttons. 
The  gift  of  Andrew  Hulse. 

Item.  A  set  of  green  velvet,  the  orphrey  of  purple  velvet.  Chasuble 
worked  on  the  back  with  golden  flowers  and  '  Laus  Deo '  in  letters 
of  gold.  Two  copes  of  green  velvet  and  two  frontals  for  the  High 
Altar  of  green  and  blue  velvet.    The  gift  of  Bishop  Bekenton. 

Item.  A  set  of  black  satin,  the  ground  of  green  velvet;  the 
orphrey  of  red  satin  worked  with  golden  vine  branches.  The  chasuble 
has  no  cross  on  the  back.  Four  Copes  worked  with  oak  leaves  and 
strawberries.    The  gift  of  Robert  Thurbern. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  velvet,  the  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold,  the 
chasuble  worked  on  the  back  with  a  Crucifix,  and  two  angels  and 
the  Holy  Ghost  in  white  silk  on  the  upper  part  and  golden  flowers 

'  See  'An  Inventory  of  the  Vestry  of  Westminster  Abbey  taken  in  1388,'  by 
Dr.  J.  Wickham  Legg,  F.S.A.,  Archaeologia,  vol.  lii.  p.  195. 


Warden  Rede.  231 

in  the  field.  The  gift  of  Warden  Cleve  for  the  mass  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin. 

Item.  A  set  of  blue  velvet,  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold,  with  a  Crucifix 
and  angels,  and  the  Holy  Ghost  in  white  silk  on  the  upper  part 
of  the  chasuble,  the  field  worked  with  golden  damask  flowers.  The 
gift  of  Warden  Cleve  for  Requiem  on  high  days. 

Item.  A  set  of  black  velvet,  orphrey  of  purple  velvet,  for  Requiem 
or  double  festivals. 

Item.  A  set  of  black  velvet,  orphrey  of  blue  velvet  with  cords. 
The  gift  of  Warden  Chaundler. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  damask,  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold,  with  a 
Crucifix,  two  angels  and  St.  Peter  at  the  foot  in  cloth  of  gold.  A 
cope  to  match.    The  gift  of  Andrew  Hulse- 

Item.  A  set  of  green  silk,  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold,  chasuble  worked 
on  the  back  with  the  Three  Kings  of  Cologne,  the  Virgin  and  Child, 
and  the  Virgin  and  Joseph.  In  the  ground  a  golden  cokyntrys 
(cockatrice)  and  golden  roses.  The  back  of  silk  '  thekewarke.'  Two 
copes  with  the  Founder's  Arms  on  the  breast  and  two  frontals.  The 
gift  of  Wayneflete. 

Item.  A  vestment  of  ancient  damask,  orphrey  of  red  velvet, 
chasuble  worked  at  back  with  the  Virgin,  St.  Anne,  and  Saint 
Bartholomew. 

Item.  Two  frontals  of  white  damask,  worked  \nth.  golden  roses 
and  green  and  yellow  green  (glaucus)  branches  in  silk  having  a 
Crucifix  in  the  middle,  the  Virgin  Mary,  St.  John,  and  the  Nativity 
on  the  north,  and  the  Resurrection  on  the  south  side,  and  two 
frontlets  to  match  with  the  Salutation  in  the  centre.  The  gift  of 
Sir  Robert  Popham,  Knt.  Two  copes  to  match ;  given  by  Warden 
Baker.  Three  frontals  of  white  damask  for  the  inferior  altars. 
Three  others  of  damask,  given  by  Roger  Phylpott.  A  frontal  of 
red  velvet,  worked  with  flowers  and  angels  for  the  high  altar,  and 
four  copes  to  match  ;  given  by  Warden  Cleve.  A  pall  of  blue  velvet 
worked  with  damask  flowers  and  the  Crucified ;  given  by  Roger 
Phylpott.  Two  frontals  for  the  High  Altar  and  a  cloth  of  gold. 
Also  two  frontals  of  red  and  green  damask  and  two  cloths  of  green 
damask ;  given  by  Warden  Cleve.  A  frontal  and  three  frontlets  to 
match  for  the  inferior  altars.  Three  frontals  of  blue  and  red  damask 
worked  with  flowers  for  the  inferior  altars.  Also  a  cope  ot  white 
damask  with  golden  roses  and  green  branches ;  given  by  John 
Grene,  who  was  Schoolmaster.  Also  eleven  copes  of  damask  worked 
with  flowers  ;  given  by  divers  fellows.  Also  a  cope  of  white  damask 
worked  with  the  letter  S,  the  gift  of  John  Selwode,  Abbot  of  Glaston- 
bury. Also  a  cope  of  white  damask  and  green  velvet,  the  gift  of 
Master  Champneys. 


232  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  bawdekyn ',  orphrey  of  blue  satin,  chasuble 
embroidered  with  St.  Luke  and  birds,  on  the  back  a  lion,  and  blue 
and  white  flowers  in  the  field.  A  cope  to  match,  and  a  frontal  and 
a  frontlet  for  the  High  Altar.    '  Dene  Say '  on  the  latter. 

Item.  A  set  of  white  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold,  worked 
with  golden  pheasants  and  roses  ;  cope  worked  with  golden  stars 
and  red  and  blue  flowers  in  silk.    Six  other  copes  to  match. 

Item.  Another  set  of  white  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  red  bawdekyn, 
worked  with  golden  flowers  and  green  and  red  damask  flowers  and 
golden  branches,  also  a  cope  to  match. 

Item.  A  set  of  blue  bawdekyn,  chasuble  worked  on  back  with  a 
Crucifix,  the  Virgin  Mary,  St.  John,  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  and  St. 
Stephen  tabernacled,  the  field  with  golden  pheasants  and  swans 
with  two  necks  ^  and  red  and  white  roses.  The  gift  of  Walter 
Trengof '  upon  condition  that  his  obit  should  be  celebrated  on  the 
Vigil  of  St.  George  the  Martyr  (April  22),  and  this  vestment  used 
at  Requiem.    Also  a  cope  bought  to  match. 

Item.  Another  set  of  blue  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  red  satin,  with 
a  '  trayle  '  of  gold,  worked  with  lions,  hares,  red  and  white  flowers, 
and  green  boughs ;  also  seven  copes  bought  to  match. 

Item.  Another  set  of  blue  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  red  bawdekyn, 
worked  with  golden  pheasants  and  hounds  ;  a  cope  to  match. 

Item.  A  set  of  green  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  red  silk  worked  with 
white  silk  flowers,  golden  '  cockys '  and  white  roses,  with  a  cope. 

Item.  A  set  of  green  bawdekyn  with  blue  ground.  Orphrey  of 
red  and  white  silk  worked  with  golden  hinds  and  green  stars,  also 
three  copes  to  match.  Two  frontals  for  the  high  altar  and  two  for 
the  inferior  ones. 

Item.  Two  other  vestments  of  the  same  sort  for  the  inferior 
altars. 

Item.  Two  sets  of  brown  bawdekyn  ;  orphreys  of  green  and  red 
silk,  worked  with  golden  lions,  birds  and  animals,  for  the  inferior 
altars. 

Item.  A  vestment  of  red  bawdekyn  mixed  with  white  silk,  orphrey 
of  blue  silk  worsted  with  golden  lions  and  white  silk  chains. 

Item.  Two  vestments  of  red  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold, 
worked  with  golden  birds  and  beasts  and  boughs  of  blue  silk. 

'  A  cloth  of  silk,  originally  from  Bagdad. 

'  '  Cigni  duplices.'     The  tavern  sign  is  therefore  not  necessarily  a  corruption 
of  the  swan  with  two  nicks  on  its  beak  for  the  purpose  of  identification. 
'  Probably  from  the  vestry  at  Barton. 


Warden  Rede.  233 

Item.  Two  others  of  red  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  green  silk,  worked 
with  golden  birds  and  boughs  of  white  silk  and  gold  thread  in  the 
ground. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  bawdekyn,  orphrey  of  blue  silk,  chasuble 
worked  on  the  back  with  golden  lions,  birds  and  hinds,  with  green 
boughs  and  flowers,  and  golden  hinds  in  the  ground. 

Item.  A  set  of  white  silk,  orphrey  of  cloth  of  gold,  golden  boughs 
and  flowers  in  the  ground. 

Item.  A  set  of  white  silk,  orphrey  of  red  satin.  The  chasuble 
figured  with  a  Crucifix,  the  Virgin  Mary  and  damask  flowers  on  the 
back.    Given  by  Master  Raynys. 

Item.  A  set  of  black  silk,  orphrey  of  blue  velvet,  with  gold  stars 
and  a  silver  lion,  and  boughs  and  flowers  of  green  silk  in  the  ground  ; 
a  cope  to  match. 

Item.  A  set  of  blue  silk,  orphrey  of  *  redesay  '  worked  with  stars 
of '  coop  gold  ^,'  and  six  copes  to  match. 

Item.  Two  vestments  of  purple  satin,  orphrey  of  green  silk 
worked  with  lions,  peacocks  and  blue  garters.    The  gift  of  Dean  Say. 

Item.  A  set  of  white  silk,  orphrey  of  red  silk,  chasuble  with  a 
Crucifix,  the  Virgin  and  Saint  John  in  white  silk ;  nine  copes  to 
match. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  silk;  orphrey  of  blue  silk,  with  flowers  in 
white  silk.    For  the  inferior  altars. 

Item.  A  set  of  red  silk ;  orphrey  of  blue  silk,  worked  with  golden 
hounds  and  hinds  and  roses  and  pheasants  in  white  silk  in  the 
ground. 

Item.    Another  vestment  of  the  same. 

Item.  A  frontal  for  the  high  altar,  two  for  the  inferior  altars ;  eight 
copes  and  two  desk  cloths  to  match. 

Item.    A  vestment  of  red  silk  for  Advent  and  Septuagesima. 

Item.  One  of  black  and  green  satin,  orphrey  of  red  satin  worked 
with  grey  velvet  for  Requiem  or  double  festivals. 

Item.  One  of  blue  silk,  orphrey  of  red  satin  embroidered  with 
gold,  and  roses  and  animals  in  the  field,  for  one  of  the  inferior  altars. 

Item.  Three  copes  of  red  and  white  damask  paled ',  given  by 
Warden  Cleve,  also  two  frontals  of  the  same  for  the  high  altar  and 
three  for  the  inferior  altars. 

*  Qy.  Copper  or  red  gold.  '  Striped  horizontally. 


234  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Item.  Ten  copes  of  red  silk,  orphreys  of  blue  silk  worked  with 
lions  in  gold,  and  scrolls  under  their  feet,  lettered  pur  amour. 

Item.    Four  palls  of  red  bawdekyn. 

Item.    In  the  Chest.    A  piece  of  red  and  a  piece  of  white  damask. 

Item.    Four  girdles  of  red  silk. 

Item.  A  set  of  vestments  of  white  fustian,  orphrey  of  red  silk, 
with  damask  flowers  for  the  inferior  altars.  The  gift  of  Master  John 
Hamond. 

Item.  Another  set  of  green  bordalisandre,  with  the  Name  of  Jesus 
on  the  back  of  the  chasuble.    For  the  inferior  altars. 

Item.    A  set  of  white  fustian  with  three  copes  to  match. 

Item.    Another  set,  with  orphrey  of  red  tartaryn. 

Item.  Two  frontals  for  the  High  Altar  of  white  fustian,  powdered 
with  red  roses  and  green  boughs,  and  the  Salutation  in  the  middle  ; 
also  two  frontals  for  inferior  altars. 

Item.  A  set  of  vestments  of  white  fustian  for  High  Altar,  the 
orphrey  of  red  silk  ;  for  Quadragesima. 

Item.  Two  white  vestments  of  the  same  for  inferior  altars,  and 
three  desk  cloths. 

Item.  A  white  vestment  of  fustian,  orphrey  of  green  silk  with 
damask  flowers. 

Item,  A  vestment  of  black  *  say '  for  Requiem,  with  orphrey  of 
red  say,  the  Sepulchre  on  the  back. 

Item.    A  set  of  checker,  the  orphrey  of  checker  velvet. 

Item.  Two  other  sets  of  the  same  sort,  and  five  copes  for  inferior 
altars. 

Item.  Two  sets  of  white  bordalisandre,  the  orphrey  of  red 
bordalisandre,  the  field  worked  with  leaves  and  red  roses,  for 
inferior  altars. 

Item.  A  vestment  of  red  bordalisandre  ;  two  cloaks  for  Advent 
and  Septuagesima,  and  three  copes  to  match. 

Item.  Another  of  white  fustian,  the  orphrey  of  green  satin  worked 
with  gold ;  for  the  mass  of  the  Virgin. 

Item.    Another  of  worsted,  orphrey  of  the  same ;  for  Requiem. 
Item.    Two  frontals  of  worsted,  Norwich  work,  for  daily  use  ;  and 
four  frontals  to  match,  for  inferior  altars.    The  gift  of  Dr.  Selott '. 
Item.    Five  banner  cloths  of  linen  stayned. 
'  Ante,  p.  225. 


Warden  Rede.  335 

Church  and  other  plate  in  the  same  year : — 

Jocalia  donata  Collegio  beate  Marie  Wynton.  ppe  civitatem 
Wynton.  per  Dmrl  Willmum  de  Wykeham  Wynton.  Epum  fundatorem 
dicti  CoUegii    et    alios  benefactores  successive  ad  laudem  Dei  ad 

honorem  dicti  CoUegii  et  eorundem  benefactorum  memoriam  per- 
petuam. 

OUNCES. 

Imprimis.    Six  silver  goblets,  one  silver  gilt  cover ;  the  gift 

of  Dr.  Yong 82 

Item.    Three  silver  gilt  cups  (ciphi),  with  one  silver  gilt 

cover ;  the  gift  of  Mr.  Ashborne 84 

Item.    A  silver  standing  cup  with  gilt  lid ;  the  gift  of  Roger 

Mapull 29f 

Item.    Do.    The  gift  of  Dr.  Lavander 26J 

Item.    Do.    The  gift  of  Dr.  Mayhew 2i\ 

Item.    Do.    The  gift  of  Clyff,  Fromond's  Chaplain       .        .  18J 
Item.    Two  silver  gilt  cups  and  covers,  called  the  Rose 

pieces 36J 

Item.    A  great  silver  cup  with  gilt  cover,  the  gift  of  Andrew 

Hulse 66 

Item.    Two  silver  standing  cups,  with  gilt  covers,  the  gift 

of  Mr.  Ashborne 46J 

Item.    A  silver  standing  cup  with  gilt  cover,  three  hounds 

at  its  foot 21^ 

Item.    A  silver  standing  cup  with  cover  and  an  eagle  on  it  26^ 

Item.    A  silver  gilt  cup  called  '  le  spice  dyssh,'  enamelled  .  12 
Item.    Three   silver   cups    with    one   cover ;    the  gift   of 

Warden  Cleve 118 

Item.    A  silver  cup  and  cover i6| 

Item.    Three  silver  cups  and  one  cover,  marked  *  T '  and 

*  A '  on  the  bottom 23  J 

Item.    A  silver  basin  with  the  Founder's  Arms    ...  52 

Item.    A  silver  ewer  (lavatorium)  v^rith  a  hare  on  its  top     .  16 
Item.    A  silver  basin  and  ewer  with  the  Founder's  Arms ; 

the  gift  of  Warden  Cleve 115^ 

Item.    A  silver  basin  and  ewer  with  the  Founder's  Arms  ; 

the  gift  of  Warden  Cleve 113 

Item.    A  silver  basin  ;  the  gift  of  Hugh  Sugar      ...  43 

Item.    A  silver  basin  and  ewer 53 

Item.    Two  silver  pots  (ollae) 44^ 

Item.    Two  silver  salts  and  one  silver  cover.        ...  36 


236 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


OUNCES. 

64 


Item.  Four  silver  salts  and  one  silver  cover 

Item.  Three  silver  gilt  spoons       .... 

Item.  Twelve  silver  spoons  With  *  pinnacles ' 

Item.  Twelve  silver  spoons,  six  marked  'Margarett 

marked  *  Batt ' 

Item.  Twelve  silver  spoons  with  a  mayden's  hedde 

Item.  Eleven  silver  spoons  marked  with  a  lion  . 

Item.  Fourteen  silver  spoons  with  a  diamond     . 

Item.  Twenty-four  silver  spoons,  eighteen  with  an  acorn 

and  six  with  '  pinnacles  ' 

Item.  Three  silver  spoons  with  a  diamond  . 

Item.  Twelve  silver  spoons  with  round 

Item.  Twelve  silver  spoons  with  a  diamond 

Item.  Fifteen  silver  spoons 

Item.  A  nutt  with  a  blue  knoppe  and  cover. 

Item.  A  nutt  and  cover  with  three  stags  at  its  foot. 

Item.  A  nutt  and  cover  with  silver  knoppe. 

Item.  A  nutt  with  a  cover  and  a  round  knoppe. 

Item.  A  nutt  and  cover  marked  *  b.' 

Item.  Six  nutts  and  five  covers. 

Jocalia  donata  capellae  CoUegii  supra  dicti  p.  prefatum  Willelmum 
de  Wykeham  et  alios  benefactores. 

Imprimis.    Two  silver  basins  with  the  Founder's  Arms 

Item.    Two  silver  basins  with  the  Arms  of  England  and 

France 114 

Item.    Two  silver  gilt  basins  with  three  white  lions  under- 
neath   113 


5i 
14 

16 

15 

II 

8 

25 

i8i 

9 
i3i 


OUNCES. 
92 


Item.    A  silver  gilt  basin  with  two  blue  lions  inside    . 

Item.    A  silver  gilt  ewer  embossed 

Item.  A  pix  of  crystal  (berillum)  mounted  in  silver  gilt, 
with  a  cover  and  foot,  and  ymages  of  Jesus  Christ,  the 
Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  John  on  the  top,  and  three 
precious  stones 

Item.  A  silver  cup  with  gilt  lid,  and  figures  of  divers 
animals  inside 

Item.  Another  silver  cup  with  gilt  cover  and  enamelled 
bosses         

Item.    A  jewel  with  a  crystal  on  its  top  or  cover  . 

Item.    Three  silver  gilt  pixes 


16 

18 


71 


40 
i3'| 


Warden  Rede.  237 

OUNCES. 

Item.  A  silver  gilt  chrismatory  set  with  stones  ...  24 

Item.    A  great  silver  gilt  thurible 72 

Item.    Another  silver  gilt  thurible 49 

Item.    Two  other  silver  gilt  thuribles 63 

Item.    Two  other  silver  thuribles 76 

Item.  Another  silver  thurible  with  dragons.        ...  28 

Item.    Two  silver  candlesticks 97 

Item.  Two  other  silver  candlesticks  wreathed     ...  5a 

Item.  Two  other  silver  gilt  candlesticks       ....  62 

Item.  Two  other  candlesticks  swaged  ^,  with  two  silver 

phials. 31 

Item.    A  silver  incense  boat  (navis)  with  spoon  .        .        .        17J 

Item.    A  small  bell,  silver  gilt 5 

Item.    Two  phials,  silver  gilt I3f 

Item.    Four  other  silver  phials 14I 

Item.    A  silver  holy  water  pot  and  sprinkler        ...        50 

Item.    Another 32 

Item.    Another,  silver  gilt 29 

Item.  A  tabernacle  of  gold,  with  precious  stones  and  pearls, 
and  ymages  of  the  Holy  Trinity  and  the  Blessed  Virgin 

in  crystal  ^ 36 

Item.    Two  gold  phials  with  the  arms  of  England  and  France        i3f 
Item.    A  silver  ymage  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  child, 

seated  * 154 

Item.  Two  ymages  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  the  Arch- 
angel Gabriel  supporting  a  silver  gilt  bowl,  with  a  lily 

and  a  Crucifix 152 

Item.  A  great  tabernacle  with  ymages  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin  and  Child,  and  an  Angel  on  either  side  holding 
a  candlestick  in  his  hands,  with  an  ymage  of  St.  Paul 

above 142 

Item.    A  silver  gilt  ymage  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  Child 

standing 28| 

Item.    An  ymage  of  St.  Swithun,  silver  gilt  ....        29I 
Item.    A  great  collar  of  silver  gilt,  set  with  precious  stones. 
Item.    Another  great  collar  set  vdth  stones,  an  Agnus  Dei 

and  Blessed  Virgin  engraved  on  the  back       ...        12 

*  Embossed.  *  Given  by  Henry  VI. 

'  Probably  the  one  given  by  Cardinal  Beaufort 


23^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


OUNCES. 


Item.  A  pax  (osculatorium  pacis)  of  silver  gilt,  enamelled, 
with  ymages  of  the  Crucifix  the  Blessed  Virgin  and 
St.  John i8 

Item.  Another  pax  of  silver  gilt,  engraved  with  ymages  of 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin,  and  St.  John  and 
twenty-four  white  roses 12 

Item.    A  small  pax,  silver  gilt,  engraved  with  an  ymage  of 

the  Crucifix 2£ 

Another  pax  of  silver,  engraved  with  the  ymage  of  Jesus 

Christ,  and  gilt 2 

Item.    Another  pax  of  silver  gilt,  with  ymages  of  the 

Virgin  and  Child,  and  white  and  red  roses     ...  5 

Item.    Another  pax  of  silver  gilt,  with  an  ymage  of  the 

Crucifix  set  with  stones  and  inscribed  with  the  Gospels  5 

Another  pax  of  silver  gilt,  with  an  ymage  of  the  Saviour 

inscribed  with  the  Epistles 3 

Item.    Another  pax,  with  ymages  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul, 

inscribed  with  the  Epistles  and  Gospels  ...  5 

Item.    A  jewel  of  silver  with  a  relique 2 

Item.    A   cross   of  silver  gilt   and   a  Crucifix,  with    the 

Founder's  Arms 212J 

Item.    Another  cross  of  silver  gilt 113 

Item.    Another  cross  of  silver  gilt 53 

Item.    A  chalice  of  gold,  holding  two  quarts,  and  a  paten, 

with  the  sign  of  the  Cross  on  its  foot       ....        lof 

Item.    A  chalice  of  gold  and  a  paten  with  the  Crucifix  on  it        22^ 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice  has 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin,  and  St.  John  on  it,  and 
a  paten  is  enamelled  with  an  ymage  of  the  Holy  Trinity        26 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  paten  has 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  John,  and  is 
inscribed  'Jesus  Christe.'  The  paten  has  the  ymage 
of  God  seated  with  outstretched  hands,  is  inscribed 
'  Miserere  mei  Deus.' 22J 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice  has 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  John,  and  is  in- 
scribed '  John  Bedell ' ;  the  paten  has  a  vernacle  . 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt  The  paten  has 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  John  in  enamel, 
and  the  words  '  Jesu  Christe.'  The  paten  has  the 
passion  of  St.  Thomas  the  HiBXtyv 26| 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice  has 
the  Crucifix  with  flowers;  the  paten  has  a  vernacle 
and  the  word  *  Jesu ' 21 


Warden  Rede.  239 

OUNCES. 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice  has 
the  Crucifix  between  two  trees,  the  paten  has  an  ymage 
of  the  Holy  Trinity 15J 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice  has 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  John  in  enamel, 
the  paten  has  the  ymage  of  the  Saviour  seated  with 
outstretched  hands,  in  enamel 27 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice  has 
the  Crucifix,  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  John  in  enamel, 
the  paten  has  the  ymage  of  the  Saviour  in  enamel,  with 
three  flowers  de  luce 24 

Item.    A  chalice  and  paten.    The  chalice  has  the  Crucifix, 

the  paten  an  Agnus  Dei 16 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten.  The  chalice  has  the  Crucifix, 
the  Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  John  in  enamel,  the  paten 
has  the  Holy  Trinity  and  the  words  *  Benedicamus 
Patrem '  and  *  Jesu ' 24 

Item.  A  chalice  of  silver  gilt  with  the  Virgin  and  Child, 
and  the  words  '  Jesu  Christe  fill  Dei,'  and  a  paten  with 
*  Dominus  protector  vite  mee ' 19 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt.  The  chalice 
enamelled  with  the  Crucifix  in  white,  and  the  paten  with 
an  ymage  of  God  seated  in  blue 26 

Item.  A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt,  with  'Jesu 
Christe '  on  the  chalice,  and  *  Benedicamus  Patrem  et 
Filium '  on  the  paten 18 

Total  :— 

Silver 3892    oz. 

Gold 91I  „ 

Most  of  this  plate  was  seized  in  the  sixth  year  of  Edward  VI 
by  the  Commissioners  who  were  appointed  in  that  year  to 
survey  church  ornaments.  The  plate  belonging  to  the  Cathedral 
and  other  churches  of  Winchester  appears  by  the  following 
inventory  to  have  been  seized  only  five  weeks  before  the 
King's  death.  The  original  is  in  the  muniment  room  at  the 
College : — 

*  This  Indenture  made  the  first  of  June  in  the  seventh  yere  of  or 
sovereigne  Lorde  Edwarde  the  sixt  &c  witnessethe  that  S'  Francis 
Jobson  Knt,  Treasurer  of  the  Kinge's  Matie's  Juels  and  Plate  hath 
received    three    parcels   of  plate   hereafter  ensuyng  of  the  right 


24©  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

reverend  father  in  God  John,  Busshop  of  Winchester  \  S'  John 
Kingsmyll,  Knt.  and  Richard  Bythell,  Mayor  of  the  Cytie  of  Win- 
chester, Commissioners  autorysed  and  deputed  by  the  King's  Matie 
for  surveying,  collecting,  and  gathering  of  all  the  plate  and  other 
ornaments  belonging  to  the  Cathedrall  Churche  and  other  parishes 
and  chapels  within  the  said  Cytie  of  Winchester.  That  is  to  say  : 
Two  candyllstickes  of  silver  guilte,  oone  monstrance  of  silver  guilte, 
oone  pyxe  of  silver  guilte  and  thre  chalices  of  silver  guilte  with  their 
patens  of  silver  guilte  ;  the  same  parcel  being  now  sealed,  the  clere 
silver  guilte  thereof  weighing  six  hundred  twenty  and  nine  ounces. 
Item  two  basons  of  silver  parcel  guilte,  two  censers  parcel  guilte, 
three  crewetts  parcel  guilte,  oone  holy  water  pot  with  ye  sprinkell 
parcel  guilte,  two  plates  of  a  Gospell  booke  parcel  guilte,  and  the 
plate  of  oone  side  of  an  epistell  booke  parcel  guilte,  one  crucifix 
parcel  guilte,  oone  chrismatory  parcel  guilte,  oone  crosier  staffe 
with  plates  of  silver  parcel  guilte,  oone  pontyficall  ringe,  oone  crosse 
parcel  guilte,  six  chalices  parcel  guilte,  foure  panells  of  a  chaire 
parcel  guilte,  the  same  panels  being  now  defaced,  the  clear  silver 
parcel  guilte  therof  weighing  foure  hundred  and  one  ounces.  Item 
two  crosses  of  silver  white,  two  crewetes  of  silver,  oone  belle  of 
silver,  oone  small  stave  of  silver,  foure  litell  plates  of  a  crosse  of 
burrall  (beryl  or  crystal),  two  plates  more  of  two  staves  of  silver,  and 
foure  litell  baulles  of  silver,  the  same  parcel  being  now  defaced, 
the  clere  silver  therof  weighing  two  hundred  and  twelve  ounces. 
So  the  whole  sum  of  the  clere  silver  guilte,  parcel  guilte  and  white 
delivered  into  the  handes  of  the  sayd  Sir  Francis  by  the  sayd  Comis- 
sioners  appertayning  to  the  above  sayd  Cytie  of  Winchester 
amounteth  together  in  all  to  oone  thousand,  two  hundred  and  forty- 
two  ounces.  And  oone  myter  garnysshed  with  silver  and  guilte 
sett  with  counterfeit  stones  and  seede  peerle  undefaced.  And  oone 
ring  of  silver  and  guilte  sett  with  counterfeit  stones  and  undefaced  : 
which  myter  with  the  sayd  ringe  and  the  other  thynges  upon  the 
myter  weigheth  together  three  score  and  eight  ounces,  the  myter 
lacking  many  stones  and  pearles.  In  witnesse  wherof  the  sayde 
S'  Frauncis  and  the  Commissioners  aforesaide  hath  enterchangeably 
to  this  indenture  sette  their  handes  and  seales  the  daye  and  yere 
above  written.' 

'  Memorandum,  that  there  was  brought  into  the  Juelhouse  at  the 
delivery  all  the  sayd  parcels  a  crosse  of  burrall  broken  garnysshed 
wyth  silver  aboue  expressed  in  the  name  of  iiij  litell  plates  of  a 
crosse  of  burrall,  being  as  expressed  broken  and  of  small  value, 
was  by  the  sayde  Commissioners  left  in  the  sayd  Juelhouse  as  a 
thynge  of  no  charge  ne  value.' 

*  Poynet. 


Warden  Rede,  241 

The  plate  belonging  to  the  College  was  most  likely  seized  a 
little  earlier.  There  is  extant  a  copy  of  a  letter  dated  May  29 
1553,  from  the  Council  to  the  Commissioners,  enjoining  them  to 
spare  the  plate  of  Winchester  College  \  which  came  too  late. 
Warden  White  seems  to  have  had  hopes  of  getting  the  money 
which  it  fetched;  for  there  is  a  draft  in  his  handwriting  of  an 
intended  acquittance  for  a  (blank)  sum  of  money  realized  by 
the  sale  of  *  certayn  church  stuffe  out  of  the  sayd  Colledge  * ; 
but  I  cannot  find  that  any  money  was  ever  received  under  this 
head. 

In  the  year  1526,  John  Twychener  or  Towchener  (adm.  1515) 
succeeded  Erlisman  as  schoolmaster,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four 
years.  Twychener  retired  after  less  than  five  years*  service  to 
a  stall  in  Chichester  Cathedral,  and  his  brother  Richard  (adm. 
1518)  succeeded  to  the  vacant  throne. 

John  Philpot  (adm.  1526)  became  Archdeacon  of  Winchester. 
It  is  matter  of  history  that  he  was  tried  by  the  Southwark 
Commission,  and,  after  lying  a  year  and  a  half  in  jail,  suffered 
death  at  the  stake  in  Smithfield,  on  December  18,  1557.  He  is 
the  first  Wykehamist,  that  is  to  say,  the  first  man  styled  so  in 
the  records  of  the  College,  and  that  in  a  way  which  shows  that 
the  term  was  a  familiar  one  in  his  day.  As  Archdeacon  he  had 
taken  proceedings  in  the  Arches  Court  against  the  College.  I 
suppose  that  his  views  and  those  of  White  on  the  subject  of 
ritual  were  divergent.  The  Bursars  paid  6s.  8</.  for  a  copy  of 
the  process,  and  enter  the  items  in  a  way  which  implies  regret 
that  a  Wykehamist  should  put  his  old  College  into  the  spiritual 
Court : — *  Sol.  pro  copia  processus  Joh.  Phylpot,  olim  Wyke- 
hamiste  alumni  nunc  Archidiaconi  Wynton.  adv.  Coll.  in  curia 
de  arcubus  vj^  viij^.'  Luckily  for  the  Society,  Edward's  death 
happened,  and  a  few  lines  later  we  find  '  Sol.  M^o  Aleyn  procura- 
tori  xvs  et  pro  inhibitione  pro  Phylpot  iij^  iiij'^.'     'Of  all  the 

*  '  Whereas  ye  were  lately  appointed  by  the  King's  Majesty  Commissioners 
to  survey  and  make  sale  of  certayne  of  the  Churche  goodes  within  that  countye 
of  Southampton.  Forasmuch  as  it  is  fyt  that  New  Colledge  of  Wynchester 
within  the  same  countye  being  a  member  of  th'  universitye  of  Oxon  should  have 
and  enjoy  such  libertyes  as  the  saide  Universitye  doth,  His  Matie  is  pleased 
that  the  said  Colledge  shall  have  and  enjoy  all  their  plate  and  other  ornaments 
belonging  to  their  church,  so  as  they  convert  the  same  from  monuments  of 
superstition  to  necessarye  and  godlye  uses  for  the  better  maintenance  of  the 
same  Colledge.* 

R 


242  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Marian  martyrs,*  says  Fuller  {Church  Hist,  viii,  xvi), '  he  was  the 
best  born  gentleman.' 

In  the  year  1528  a  question  between  the  College  and  one 
Master  Wayte,  of  what  nature  does  not  appear,  was  left  to 
Master  Coke,  the  'towne  clerke,'  to  arbitrate  upon.  His 
modest  fee  was  3s.  ^d.  He  received  a  similar  fee  in  1529  'in 
causa  Collegii  contra  ducem  de  Suffolke '  touching  the  right  to 
trees  standing  on  Shaw  Heath,  within  the  College  Manor.  The 
action  was  tried  in  the  summer  of  1530.  The  College  won 
it.  Regards  to  the  judges  of  assize  and  to  some  of  the  jury- 
men 'pro  lite  determinanda '  appear  in  the  accounts  of  the 
year.  Holmys,  the  Duke's  secretary,  was  paid  3s.  ^d.  for 
writing  letters  to  the  Judges.  Mr.  Pheteplace,  who  led  for  the 
College,  had  fees  amounting  to  335.  gd.  A  Mr.  Carter  was 
paid  225.  6d.  'pro  diploide  de  Satyn,'  probably  a  copy  of  the 
depositions  on  satin  for  the  use  of  the  judge  who  tried  the 
action.  Fish  sent  to  the  Judges'  lodgings  afterwards  cost  the 
Society  5s. 

In  order,  I  suppose,  to  assert  his  prerogative  as  legate  a 
latere  Cardinal  Wolsey  directed  an  extraordinary  visitation  of 
the  College  towards  the  close  of  the  year  1528.  His  commis- 
sary. Dr.  Aleyn,  had  no  reason  to  complain  of  his  reception. 
He  received  a  gratuity  of  305.,  and  the  Warden  escorted  him  to 
Southampton  when  he  had  finished  the  business.  The  ordinary 
visitation  took  place  soon  afterwards,  on  March  12 ;  Dr. 
Incent,  the  Vicar-General,  left  his  Commission  behind  him,  and 
it  is  preserved  in  the  muniment  room.  In  the  following  year 
Wolsey  pleaded  guilty  to  the  charge  oipremunire  which  he  had 
incurred  by  accepting  the  commission  of  legate  a  latere  from  the 
Pope.  The  plea  of  guilty  vacated  ipso  facto  the  See  of 
Winchester  which  he  then  held ;  and  Dr.  Bryten,  whom  he 
had  just  empowered  to  hold  a  fresh  visitation  of  the  College, 
was  obliged  to  get  his  commission  endorsed  by  Archbishop 
Warham  before  he  could  proceed.  This  circumstance  made 
the  visitation  of  1529  a  metropolitical  one.  The  next  visitation, 
in  1532,  was  also  metropolitical,  the  See  of  Winchester  being 
still  vacant  through  the  king  keeping  it,  as  is  said,  for  his 
cousin  Cardinal  Pole. 

The  computus  roll  of  1531  has  for  a  frontispiece  a  skilful 
pen  and  ink  drawing  of  the  instruments  of  our  Lord's  Passion 


Warden  Rede.  243 

such  as  is  usually  called  a  vernacle.  The  Bursars  of  the  year 
were  Robert  Roberts  and  Thomas  Beche. 

Some  table  linen  mentioned  in  the  roll  of  1532,  'Sol  M'o 
Gressame  {sic)  pro  xv  virgat.  ly  dyaper  per  virgat.  i^  cum  viij** 
pro  carriagio  xxx^  viij*^,'  must  have  been  bought  of  a  member 
of  the  Gresham  family,  possibly  Sir  John  Gresham,  the  uncle 
to  whom  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  was  apprenticed,  inasmuch  as 
Sir  John  was  a  member  of  the  Mercer's  Company. 

The  Warden  and  some  of  the  Fellows  spent  February  and 
March,  1531-2,  in  London,  on  the  business  of  a  small  farm  at 
Head  bourne  Worthy,  near  Winchester,  known  as  Worthy 
Pauncefote  then,  and  as  Pudding  House  now.  In  the  result  it 
appeared  that  the  farm  in  question  belonged  to  the  Corporation 
of  Winchester  as  trustees  or  keepers  for  St.  John's  Hospital, 
and  it  was  given  up  to  them  under  an  award  of  Gardiner,  the 
new  Bishop  of  Winchester,  with  a  sum  of  66s.  Sa?.  for  mesne 
profits.  Gardiner  paid  a  visit  of  ceremony  to  the  College  early 
in  the  year  1533,  and  accepted  a  present  of  an  ox  and  six  sheep 
for  his  household.  He  came  again  in  1534,  and  dined  in  Hall. 
A  hogshead  of  claret  was  ordered,  so  that  it  must  have  been  a 
large  party ;  and  the  Bishop's  cooks  received  a  fee  of  7s.  '  pro 
preparacione  prandii  eiusdem.'  Gardiner  was  a  '  specialis 
amicus '  of  the  Society,  who  owed  to  him  the  concession  for  the 
College  mill,  which  was  built  in  1539  outside  Non  licet  gate. 
A  license  granted  by  him  to  the  College,  under  date  of  April  6, 
1542,  to  erect  certain  structures  on  the  bank  of  the  mill-stream, 
has  attached  to  it  a  perfect  example  of  his  episcopal  seal.  He 
came  again  in  Lent,  1536,  and  did  not  stay  to  dinner,  but 
accepted  a  present  of  two  salted  salmon  and  eight  eels,  *  pro 
favore  suo  habendo,'  as  the  computus  tells  us.  He  dined  in 
Hall  on  Midsummer  Day  in  the  same  year,  with  the  Abbot  of 
Hyde  ^  and  a  number  of  country  gentlemen  and  clergy. 

Under  custus  capellae  in  the  year  1534  I  find  the  following 
items : — 

*  Sol.  Giles  Rouse  carpentario  laboranti  xij  dies  pro  refeccione  de 
le  brassis,  cum  iiij*  pro  expensis  Hen.  Meynell  equitant.  ad 
Hampton  pro  brassis  emendandis,  vij*  iiij<*.  ...    Et  Sol.  per  nian- 

*  Dr.  John  Salcot  or  Capon,  the  last  abbot,  who  had  just  been  promoted  to 
the  See  of  Bangor  for  his  services  in  educating  public  opinion  at  the  University 
of  Cambridge  in  favour  of  the  divorce  from  Catherine  of  Aragon. 

R  2 


244  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

datum  custodis  pro  le  sylke  ryband  et  pro  j  uncia  auri  venetie 
(gold  leaf)  pro  vestimentis  et  capis  emendandis,  cum  vij*  vj^  pro  v 
virgat.  de  fustyan  pro  reparacione  vestimentorum  de  nigro  velveto 
ex  dono  Doctoris  Chandler  (the  Warden)  et  ij^  pro  vectura  eorundem 
ex  Londin.,  ut  patet  per  billam,  xvij^  ix^,' 

Fourteen  gallons  *  vini  cretici '  at  i6^,,  and  thirteen  gallons  of 
red  wine  were  bought  for  mass,  and  Sd.  was  paid  '  pro  vino 
clareto  '  (quantity  not  stated)  *  empt.  pro  M^o  Keyt '  (the  sacrist) 
'  prq  celebracione  missarum,  quia  non  potuit  alio  vino  celebrare.* 
The  reason  for  this  peculiarity  is  not  recorded.  A  similar 
entry  occurs  in  the  roll  for  the  year  1535.  The  following  entry, 
'  Sol.  Ric.  Cossam,  vitriatori,  pro  reparacione  fenestrarum  in 
ecclesia  cum  iijd  pro  communis  suis  xj^,'  affords  the  first 
instance  of  the  use  of  the  word  '  ecclesia '  for  '  capella,'  which 
became  universal  under  the  Reformation.  In  the  roll  for  the 
following  year  a  sum  of  7s.  6d.  is  entered  as  paid  '  pro  ruptura 
pavimenti  in  nave  ecclesiae ' — for  breaking  the  ground  on  the 
occasion  of  the  interment  of  Henry  Gambon,  one  of  the 
Fellows,  following  a  mysterious  entry  of  '  Sol.  pro  browne  week, 
xx^,  whyt  week,  ijs  vij*^,  torch  week,  xx^.'  '  Whyt  week '  may 
have  been  Whitsuntide,  and  '  torch  week '  the  week  of  St.  John 
Baptist's  day  and  its  torchlight  celebration ;  but  what  was 
'  browne  week '  ?  Was  it  the  week  including  Ash  Wednesday  ? 
and  for  what  were  these  payments  made,  and  to  whom  ?  These 
entries  occur  this  once  only. 

*  Sol.  fabro  ferrario  pro  emissione  sanguinis  yj  equorum  vn]^  * 
reminds  us  of  a  practice  which  prevailed  at  the  time,  and  for  a 
century  or  more  afterwards.  The  Sangrados  satisfied  them- 
selves that  periodical  blood-letting  was  good  for  man,  and  the 
farriers  followed  suit. 

There  were  two  visitations  of  the  College  in  the  year  1536. 
The  first,  on  June  16,  was  by  Dr.  Cook,  a  delegate  of  Cranmer, 
who  seems  to  have  ignored  the  fact  that  the  See  of  Winchester 
was  full.  The  next,  a  few  weeks  later,  was  by  Cromwell 
as  Vicegerent  of  the  King  in  ecclesiastical  matters.  Crom- 
well appears  to  have  conducted  the  visitation  in  person,  and 
accepted  a  present  of  a  salt  from  the  College  plate  chest: — 
'  Sol.  pro  reparacione  unius  salsarii  dat.  M^o  Cromwell  secre- 
tario  Dni  Regis  pro  favore  suo  habendo  in  causis  Collegii, 
v^xd.' 


Warden  Rede.  245 

The  King  himself  was  at  Wolvesey  on  Sept.  21,  and  deigned 
to  accept  a  present  of  two  oxen,  ten  sheep,  and  twelve  capons 
which  the  Society  sent,  as  the  computus  says,  *  pro  favore  suo 
habendo  in  causis  tangentibus  Collegium.' 

Of  the  scholars  who  were  elected  in  1537,  it  maybe  remarked 
that  four  became  schoolmasters, — Evered  and  Hyde  at 
Winchester,  Grene  at  Bedford,  and  Fuller  I  know  not  where. 
Nicholas  Sanders,  spelled  Sawnder  in  the  Register,  (adm. 
1540),  was  Sanders  the  Jesuit.  After  graduating  at  New 
College,  and  holding  the  professorship  of  Canon  Law  in  the 
Universityof  Oxford,  he  became  Queen  Mary's  Latin  secretary. 
Retiring  to  Louvain  on  the  accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  he 
took  priest's  orders,  and  graduated  D.D.  In  an  evil  hour  he 
accepted  a  mission  to  Ireland,  in  connection  with  the  Earl  of 
Desmond's  movement,  and,  being  deserted  by  his  followers, 
died  of  cold  and  hunger  about  the  year  1580.  Readers  of 
Kingsley's  Westward  Ho!  are  familiar  with  the  story  of  his 
fate. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

Warden  White  (1541-54). 

White's  career. — Becomes  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  then  of  Winchester. — His  mis- 
fortune under  Queen  EHzabeth. — His  benefaction  to  New  College. — City  of 
Winchester  fee  farm  rent. — Hops  in  Sickhouse  Mead. — Brewhouse  statis- 
tics.— Exchange  with  Henry  VIH. — The  College  evicted  from  Enford. — 
Compensation  by  Edward  VI. — St.  Elizabeth's  College. — Why  pulled  down. 
— Moundsmere,  a  refuge  in  time  of  plague. — Richard  Bethell. — Provisions 
in  1546. — Lease  of  Stoke  Park. — Obits  abolished. — Dame  Elizabeth  Shelley. 
— Changes  of  ritual. — Progress  expenses. — Schoolmasters  Baylie,  Evered, 
Hyde. — Romanizing  Wykehamists  under  Queen  Elizabeth. — Swans  kept. 
— Queen  Mary's  visit. — Waterwork. 

John  White  became  Warden  in  January,  1541.  He  was 
schoolmaster  at  the  date  of  his  election,  having  succeeded  the 
younger  Twychener  in  1537  at  the  age  of  twentyseven.  Perhaps 
his  ambition  was  satisfied  with  the  Wardenship  ;  at  any  rate, 
judging  from  the  inscription  on  his  brass,  he  was  content  to 
die  Warden  ^     But  his  chief  object  in  writing  his  own  epitaph 

'  *Hic  tegor,  hie  post  fata  Whitus  propono  jacere 

Scriptor  loannes  carminis  ipse  mei. 
Sin  alibi  sors  est  putrescere,  qui  meus  esset 

Tunc  patior  tumulus  fiat  ut  alterius. 
Ne  sine  honore  tenax  sine  nomine  linqueret  heres 

Id  timui  exemplis  turbor  et  inde  novis. 
Ingrati  heredes:  phas  nil  sperare  sepulto 

Ore  tenus;  putei  spes  in  amicitia. 
Nee  mihi  fama  tamen  de  marmore  quaeritur — (sic) 

Sed  spes  magna  piis  ponitur  in  precibus. 
Hoc  custode  avet  hie,  hoc  preceptore  avet  ille, 

Hocque  puer  puero  (dixerit  alter)  eram. 
Farce  Deus  socio,  custodi,  parce  magistro, 

Hoc  avet,  ille  avet  hoc,  hoc  etiam  alter  avet. 
Scptem  annos  docui ;  quae  lux  postrema  docendi 

Ista  preessendi  munere  prima  fuit. 
Mutavit  mihi  non  minuit  fortuna  labores, 

Curaque  non  modicis  rebus  adaucta  mihi. 
Nunc  subeat  lector,  quia  sancta  est  atque  salubris 

Res  pro  defuncto  fratre  rogare  Deum.' 


Warden  White.  247 

was  to  put  on  record  his  conviction  of  the  efficacy  of  prayers 
for  the  dead.  If  he  really  thought  that  he  should  die  Warden, 
he  was  wrong,  for  Queen  Mary  made  him  Bishop  of  Lincoln  in 
1554,  and  on  Gardiner's  death  translated  him  to  Winchester, 
July  6,  i556\  He  was  a  staunch  Romanist,  and  on  the  accession 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  refused  the  oath  of  supremacy;  in  other 
words,  refused  to  declare  that  'the  Queen's  Highness  is  the 
only  supreme  governor  of  this  realm,  as  well  as  in  all  spiritual 
and  ecclesiastical  things  or  causes,  as  temporal,*  and  was 
declared  to  have  forfeited  his  bishopric  in  consequence.  He 
had  already  been  committed  prisoner  to  the  Tower  for  offence 
given  to  the  Queen  in  his  funeral  sermon  upon  Queen  Mary. 
Sir  John  Harrington  says  of  him  : — 

'  He  was  born  of  a  worshipful  house  in  the  diocese  of  Winchester  ^, 
and  became  after  Warden  of  Winchester :  thence  for  his  great 
learning  and  virtuous  life  preferred  to  the  Bishopric  of  Lincoln,  after 
upon  the  death  of  Stephen  Gardiner  made  Bishop  of  Winchester : 
wherefore  of  him  I  may  say  that  his  fame  did  well  outrun  his  name, 
and  so  all  men  would  say  (how  contrary  soever  to  him  in  religion) 
but  for  one  black  sermon  that  he  made :  yet  for  the  colour  it  may 
be  said  he  kept  decorum,  because  that  was  a  funeral  sermon  of  a 
great  Queen  both  by  birth  and  marriage,  I  mean  Queen  Mary.  But 
the  offence  taken  against  him  was  this.  His  text  was  out  of  Eccles. 
iv.  2,  **  Laudari  mortuos  magis  quam  viventes,  et  feliciorem  utroque 
judicari  qui  necdum  natus  est  *,"  and  speaking  of  Queen  Mary,  her 
high  parentage,  her  bountiful  disposition,  her  great  gravity,  her  rare 
devotion  (praying  so  much,  as  he  affirmed,  that  her  knees  were  hard 
with  kneeling),  her  justice  and  clemency  in  restoring  noble  houses 
to  her  own  loss  and  hindrance,  and  lastly  her  grievous  yet  patient 
death,  he  fell  into  such  an  unfeigned  weeping  that  for  a  long  space 
he  could  not  speak.  Then  recovering  himself,  he  said,  "She  had 
left  a  sister  to  succeed  her,  a  lady  of  great  worth  also,  whom  they 
were  bound  to  obey :  for  (saith  he)  melior  est  cams  vivus  leone  mortuo, 
and  I  hope  she  shall  reign  long  and  prosperously  over  us ;  but  I 
must  say  still  with  my  text  Laudari  mortuos  magis  quam  viventes : 

'  The  story  goes  that  Cardinal  Pole,  who  had  the  sequestration  of  the  tempor- 
alities of  the  See  after  Gardiner's  death,  was  unwilling  to  part  with  it ;  and  that 
White  had  to  agree  to  pay  £1000  a  year  to  Pole,  in  order  to  secure  his  transla- 
tion to  Winchester. 

'  Son  of  Robert  White  of  Farnham,  and  a  younger  brother  of  Sir  John 
White,  citizen  and  grocer  of  London,  who  was  Lord  Mayor  in  1563  and  M.P. 
for  London  in  1566  and  1571. 

'  Mj)  (pvvai  rov  diravra  vm^  \6yov,  Soph.  Oed,  Col.  1225. 


248  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

for  certain  it  is,  Maria  optimam  partem  elegit!  Thus  he,  at  which 
Queen  Elizabeth  taking  just  indignation  put  him  in  prison^,  yet 
would  proceed  no  further  to  his  deterioration,  though  some  would 
have  made  that  a  more  heinous  matter.' 

Strype  says  that  White,  *  although  he  had  liberty  to  walk 
abroad,  would  not  be  quiet,  but  would  needs  preach,  which  he 
did  seditiously  in  his  Romish  Pontifical  vestments.  For  which 
he  was  committed  to  prison.  But  upon  his  acknowledgment  of 
his  errors'^  he  was  set  free,  and  died  at  liberty  at  Sir  Thomas 
White's'  place  in  Hants.'  He  died  at  South  Warnborough, 
Jan.  II,  1559-60,  and  is  buried  in  Winchester  Cathedral  with- 
out a  monument  to  his  memory.  His  arms,  '  party  per  chevron 
crenelle,  or  and  gules,  three  roses  counterchanged  slipped 
proper,  on  a  chief  of  the  second,  three  hour  glasses  of  the  first,' 
used  to  be  in  one  of  the  windows  of  Fromond's  Chantry,  and 
are  now  in  a  window  at  St.  Cross  Hospital.  These  arms  corre- 
spond with  the  arms  of  Bishop  White  in  New  College  Hall,  and 
are  blazoned  thus  by  Wood*.  His  arms  on  the  brass  in  the 
College  Chapel  are,  'Three  plates  charged  with  three  bars 
wavy  az.  a  mullet  (3rd  son)  for  a  difference.'  The  following 
arms,  'Azure,  on  a  cross  quarterly  ermine  and  or  between  four 
falcons,  argent,  billed  of  the  third,  a  fish  between  as  many 
lozenges  of  the  field,'  on  stained  glass  with  other  Bishops'  arms 
in  an  old  window  in  No.  10,  The  Close,  are  given  by  Burke  as 
belonging  to  Bishop  White,  and  are  borne  by  Mr.  Francis 
White- Popham,  who  is  of  the  Bishop's  family. 

Before  his  death,  White  conveyed  to  the  two  Societies  his 
manor  of  Hall  place,  in  the  parish  of  Mitchelmersh,  and  all  his 
lands  in  that  parish  and  in  the  parish  of  Romsey,  of  the  yearly 
value  of  £10,  to  the  intent  that  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of 
New  College  and  their  successors  for  ever  should  pay  13s.  \d. 
to  every  scholar  who  should  be  admitted  a  Fellow  of  New 
College,  on  the  day  of  his  admission.  Provided  that  in  time  of 
extreme  want  and  scarcity  of  food  within  the  city  of  Oxford  the 
whole  profits  of  the  estate  might  be  employed,  with  the  consent 

*  Compare  what  happened  to  Bishop  Rudd  for  touching  on  the  infirmities  of 
age  in  a  sermon  preached  before  the  Queen  in  1596,  when  she  was  quite  an  old 
woman,  Fuller,  Church  History,  x,  xvii. 

*  This  I  doubt.     White  never  would  have  acknowledged  them  to  be  errors. 
^  Whose  daughter  was  wife  to  Sir  John  White,  the  Warden's  brother. 

*  Antiquities  of  Oxford,  p.  196. 


Warden  White.  249 

of  the  Visitor,  to  the  common  support  of  the  College  *  until  yt 
shal  please  Almighty  God  to  send  better  plentie  or  better  chepe 
vytall  wythin  the  said  Cytie  of  Oxford.'  This  interesting  deed 
is  dated  i  Nov.  i  Eliz.,  and  has  attached  to  it  impressions  of 
the  common  seals  of  the  two  Colleges  and  of  the  Bishop,  and 
is  signed  'J oh  Whit'  at  the  foot.  There  is  extant  in  the 
muniment  room  a  copy  of  a  receipt  given  by  Warden  Stempe 
(date  December  18,  3  Eliz.)  to  White's  executors,  John  White, 
a  London  merchant,  afterwards  Lord  Mayor,  and  the  Lady 
Ann  White,  the  late  Warden's  brother  and  sister,  for  his 
crosier  staff,  some  plate,  and  a  'table  carpet,'  which  he  had 
bequeathed  to  the  College. 

Custus  forinsecus  in  1541  : — *  Sol.  M^o  Hervy  vicario  de  Ysel- 
worth  ij  die  Nov.  pro  dimidia  parte  biblie  pro  ecclesia  de  Ysel- 
worth  ix8  vi<^.*  Under  Cranmer's  Injunction  of  1536  a  Bible  in 
English  as  well  as  in  Latin  had  to  be  placed  in  every  parish 
church  ;  and  in  this  instance  the  Society,  as  lay  rectors,  seem  to 
have  divided  the  cost  with  the  Churchwardens.  An  item  of  12s. 
'pro  magna  biblia'  appears  under  custus  capellae  next  year.  Also 
4s.  ^d.  for  eight  lbs.  of  incense,  and  7s.  6d.  for  forty-five  images 
for  vestments,  bought  in  London  by  the  Warden — an  odd  mix- 
ture of  things  new  and  old. 

Here  may  be  noticed  a  long  pending  question  between  the 
College  and  the  citizens  of  Winchester  touching  the  amount  of 
*  tarrage '  or  chief  rent  payable  in  respect  of  house  property 
belonging  to  the  College  within  the  city  walls.  The  question 
was  adjusted  in  1537,  when  John  Hall  was  Mayor  and  John 
Godfrey  and  Edmond  Forster  were  bailiffs,  *  through  the  media- 
tion of  friends,'  the  College  agreeing  to  pay  2s.  8</.  per  annum 
in  future.  This  agreement  was  renewed  in  1542,  when  John 
Skillicorne  was  Mayor,  and  John  Rychards  and  William  Law- 
rence were  bailiffs.  This  2s.  ^d.  continues  to  be  paid  to  the 
Corporation.  The  following  entry  in  the  computus  roll  of  1542 
has  reference  to  it : — 

*  Sol.  ballivis  Wynton.  xxij  die  Nov.  in  presentia  praetoris  et  omnium 
fratrum  suorum  tempore  curie  (the  Boroughmote)  tente  in  comuni 
aula  ut  decretum  fuit  inter  ipsos  et  diim  custodem  pro  quieto  redditu 
pro  terris  et  tenementis  infra  civitatem  Wynton.,  ij'  viij«*.' 


25©  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

There  is  an  old  adage,  of  which  one  form  is  : — 

*  Hops  and  Turkeys,  Carps  and  Beer 
Came  into  England  in  one  year.' 

The  first  reference  to  hops  occurs  in  the  computus  roll  of 
1542 :  *  Sol.  Will.  Robyns  pro  cxxxvij  lb  luporum  cum  viij*  pro 
cariagio,  xviij^  ix'^,'  which  is  at  the  rate  of  not  quite  a  penny 
the  pound.  These  were  foreign  hops,  which  were  brought  from 
the  Thames  up  the  Old  Bourne  to  a  wharf  at  the  foot  of  Hol- 
born  Hill,  where  the  carrier  to  Winchester  loaded  them  on 
pack-horses.  Hops  are  mentioned  in  the  brewhouse  accounts 
every  year  from  1542,  except  between  the  years  1548-60,  when 
the  Society,  for  no  known  reason,  ceased  to  brew.  These 
foreign  hops  were  expensive ;  the  cost  of  carriage,  too,  was 
7s.  30?.  per  cwt. ;  and  in  1564  the  Society  began  to  grow  their 
own  hops,  planting  the  sets  in  part  of  Sickhouse  Mead  :  '  Item 
Edmundo  Bulbycke  fodienti  hortum  pro  lupis  salictariis  ^  plan- 
tandis  xxxij^'  occurs  in  the  Bursars'  book  for  1564;  and  it 
appears  by  an  entry  in  the  book  for  the  next  year  that  the  sets 
cost  los.  per  thousand.  When  the  hop  garden  was  in  full 
bearing  it  yielded  from  a  cwt.  and  a  half  to  two  cwt.  of  hops.  It 
was  therefore  probably  not  more  than  a  quarter  of  an  acre  in 
extent.  This  quantity  of  hops  was  not  nearly  enough,  and  in 
1573  the  Society  planted  the  rest  of  Sickhouse  Mead  :  *  Item 
Rob*°  Wallis  laboranti  cum  famulo  xj  dies  et  dim.  in  fodiendo  et 
preparando  reliquam  partem  horti  luporum  salictariorum  infra 
precinctum  fratrum  Carmelitarum,  capient.  per  diem  viijd  preter 
victum,  vijs  viij<i.'  The  planting  and  sets  cost  42s.  8rf.,  a  plant- 
ing tool  cost  dd.,  and  a  spade  6d,  Ten  years  later  this  garden 
grew  four  and  a  half  cwt.,  which  was  lucky  ;  for  the  three  and  a 
half  cwt.  which  they  had  to  buy  in  that  year  cost  £5  is.  ^d.  The 
usual  price  at  this  time  was  about  20s.  per  cwt.,  and  the  average 
yearly  consumption  rather  over  than  under  eight  cwt.  In  1578 
this  quantity  of  hops  was  used  to  396  quarters  of  malt,  which 
works  out  a  little  more  than  2  lb.  to  the  quarter.  At  the  present 
time  the  average  consumption  of  hops  for  all  classes  of  beer  is 
said  to  be  about  a  pound  and  a  half  to  the  quarter  of  malt. 

Mr.  Bowles  in  1738  arrived  at  the  following  estimate  of  the 
cost  of  a  *  brewlock  '  of  twenty  hhds.,  or  thirty  barrels : — 

'  Plin.  21.  15.  50. 


Warden  White.  251 

£  s.  d. 

Fifty  bus.  malt,  at  35. 6</. 8  17  10 

Thirteen  lbs.  hops,  at  15.  4</. o  17    4 

Wear  and  tear,  is.  2d.  per  hhd 134 

Brewer  for  labour,  coals  and  faggots       .        .        .        .  i  10    o 

„         for  grains  and  barm ' 052 

Miller  grinding  the  malt 048 

Bread,  beer  and  candles,  id.  per  hhd 018 

/13    o    o 


Which  is  equivalent  to  13s.  per  hhd.,  or  8s.  8(/.  per  *  humber ' 
of  36  gallons,  a  little  over  2d.  per  gallon. 

Some  of  these  items,  especially  the  price  of  the  hops,  are 
stated  a  little  high,  and  one  may  perhaps  put  the  actual  cost  of 
the  beer  at  12s.  per  hhd.  of  54  gallons,  which  is  the  price  which 
the  Fellows  were  and  still  are  charged. 

As  already  stated,  the  Society  brewed  no  beer  between  1548 
and  1560,  but  bought  it  of  common  brewers,  chiefly  of  one  John 
Poly  or  Pully  (whose  wife  supplied  the  College  with  milk), 
at  16s.  per  tun  of  72  gallons.  In  1553,  to  take  that  year  as  an 
example,  ninety-six  tuns  at  this  price  were  drunk,  besides  two 
tuns  of  double  beer^  at  36s.,  which  were  drawn  at  Election.  Sixty- 
eight  tuns  of  small  or  single  beer  {simplicis  biriae)  as  well  as 
twenty-one  mediae  biriae  and  one  of  *  dubble  beer '  were  drawn 
in  1554.  The  sum  of  nine  shillings  was  paid  to  the  Queen's 
butler  in  1559  for  a  hogshead  of  royal  ale. 

In  1544  King  Henry  VIII  made  an  exchange  of  lands  with 
the  College.  He  had  made  one  with  Eton  College  in  1531.  In 
fact  he  was  always  making  exchanges.  See  the  Private  Acts  of 
his  reign.  The  object  of  this  exchange  was  to  enlarge  the 
King's  hunting  ground  at  Hampton  Court,  which  had  been 
created  an  honour  and  called  Hampton  Court  Chase  five  years 
previously  by  Stat.  31  H.  VIII.  c.  5.  Apart  from  the  question 
of  prospective  value,  which  the  College  probably  did  not  take 

'  Perquisites  of  the  brewer,  which  the  Society  seem  to  have  bought  of  him, 
the  grain  for  the  pigs,  the  barm  for  the  bread.  One  result  of  not  brewing  at 
home  in  1548-60  was  that  barm  had  to  be  bought.  It  cost  no  less  than  ^^4  35.  Bd. 
in  1551. 

*  '  Here's  a  pot  of  good  double  beer,  neighbour,  drink.'  Shakespeare,  2  Hen. 
VI.  Act  ii.  Sc.  3. 


252  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

into  account,  or  were  not  free  to  consider,  the  exchange  was 
one  of  absolute  equality ;  and  it  must  be  admitted  that  some  of 
the  land  which  the  Society  received,  e.  g.  the  site  of  the  Car- 
melite Friary,  possessed  an  accommodation  value  for  them 
which  was  of  importance. 

The  Society  gave  up  : —  ann.  value. 

£    s.  d. 

The    manor    and    rectory    of  Harmondsworth,    the 

rectories  of  Isleworth,  Twickenham,  Heston  and 

Hampton-on-Thames,  and  the  manors  of  Shaw^ 

and  Colthrop  in  Berks,  of  the  annual  value  of       .      221  19  10 

Together   with    timber    and    underwood    valued    at 

;^8i9  195,,  annual  value  g'tjth 40  19  10 

Total        ....    ;^262  19    8 


The  King  gave  up  properties  which  had  belonged  to  the 

following  dissolved  religious  houses  : — 

£    s.    d. 
Mdton  Abbey,  Dorset. 

Manor  and  rectory  of  Sydling 121  12    9f 

Southwick  Priory,  Hants. 

Manor  of  Moundsmere  ^,  Hants 1480 

Rectories  of  Portsea  and  Portsmouth,  and  manor  of 

Stubbington,  Hants 40    6    8 

Hyde  Abbey,  Winchester. 

Manor  of  Woodmancote,  Hants 11  12    8 

Manor  of  Piddletrenthide,  Dorset  .  .  .  .  43  11  5J 
St.  Mary's  Abbey,  Winchester. 

Doggers  close o  13    4 

Quarr  Abbey,  Isle  of  Wight. 

Two  acres  called  Walpan,  in  the  parish  of  Chale  o  10    o 

Priory  of  St.  Swithun,  Winchester. 

Manor  and  rectory  of  Enford,  Wilts  .  .  .  .  72  13  2^ 
Abbey  of  Cirencester,  Gloucester. 

Rectory  of  Milborne  Port,  Wilts 18  13    o 

Timber  valued  at  ;^39  15s.,  annual  value  ^th     .        .  i  19    8 

»  Given  by  Edward  VI  in  155a  to  Edward  Fynes,  K.G.,  Lord  Clinton  and 
Saye,  and  Great  Admiral  of  England,  Pat.  R.  6  Ed.  VI.  p.  7. 

^  The  Manors  of  Moundsmere  and  Stubbington  were  subject  time  out  of  mind 
to  a  *  modus '  or  composition  for  tithes  payable  to  the  Crown,  and  the  College 
had  to  pay  it  after  the  exchange  took  place.  In  1587  the  lay  rectors  of  the 
parish  of  Preston  Candover,  in  which  the  Manor  of  Moundsmere  is  situate, 
claimed  the  tithes  of  the  lands  comprised  in  the  manor.     The  advisers  of  the 


Warden  White-.  253 

Also  sites  of  the  following  religious  houses  in  or  near  Win- 
chester : — 

The  Blackfriars,  called  'The  Prior's  Lodgings,'  in  £   s.  d. 

Eastgate  Street 100 

The  Carmelites,  in  Sickhouse  Mead     ....  068 

The  Grey  Friars  in  the  Brooks o  13    4 

The  Austin  Friars,  without  Southgate,  on  the  site  of 

St.  Michael's  Rectory o  13    4 

{sic)  ^328  14  3^ 

Annual  value  of  land  given  by  King ....  ;^328  14    3^ 
„  „  College      .        .        .  £262  19    8 

Balance  in  favour  of  College       ....     ^65  14    7^ 

The  College  paid  to  the  King  the  sum  of  £1314  12s.  id., 
being  twenty  years'  purchase  of  this  balance,  for  equality  of 
exchange. 

The  exchange  was  carried  into  effect  by  royal  letters  patent, 
dated  July  11,  1544. 

A  roll  of  estates  received  under  this  exchange  has  a  note  on 
it  stating  that  '  in  the  fyfte  year  of  the  raigne  of  our  Soveraing 
Lord  and  Kynge  Edward  the  Sixte,  in  the  month  of  Marche, 
the  manor  and  p'sonage  of  Endeforde  before  wrytten  was  at 
the  suyt  of  Thomas  Culpeper,  Esquire,  evinced  and  by  decre 
in  the  Chauncerye  adjudged  to  be  exchaunged  again  with  the 
sayde  Kinge.  For  recompense  whereof  these  six  manors  fol- 
lowing were  ynder  the  Kinge's  letters  patentes  geven  to  the 
Colledge,  videlicet,  Ashe,  Langlade,  Seuenhampton  Denis, 
Northbradley,  Mintern,  and  Salperton.' 

These  manors  are  stated  to  be  of  the  yearly  value  of 
£77  65.  gd.  The  difference  of  £5  3s.  6\d.  between  that  sum  and 
the  yearly  value  of  Enford  was  charged  upon  the  manor  of 
North  Bradley  as  a  fee  farm  rent  payable  to  the  Crown.  The 
history  of  this  affair  is  as  follows.  King  Henry  VIII  had 
granted  the  manor,  rectory  and  church  of  Enford  to  Thomas 

College  were  not  aware  of  the  nature  of  the  modus ;  and  instead  of  setting  it  up 
as  a  defence  to  the  claim,  relied  on  the  absence  of  evidence  that  tithes  had  ever 
been  paid,  and  were  successful.  The  modus  was  sold  by  the  Crown  after  the 
Restoration,  and  now  forms  part  of  the  endowment  of  a  Charity  School  at  East 
Tytherley. 


254  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Culpeper,  the  younger,  one  of  the  sons  of  Sir  Alexander 
Culpeper,  Knt.,  and  his  heirs  male,  remainder  to  Thomas  Cul- 
peper, the  elder,  and  his  heirs  male  \  Culpeper  the  younger 
was  attainted  and  executed  in  1542  on  a  charge  of  criminal  con- 
versation with  Queen  Katherine  Howard,  which  was  high 
treason  by  Stat,  28  Ed.  Ill,  and  the  King  seized  the  property 
and  gave  it  to  the  College,  as  we  have  seen.  Thomas  Cul- 
peper, the  elder,  conceived  that  his  title  as  heir  of  entail  was 
unaffected  by  the  attainder,  and  took  proceedings  in  Chancery 
to  establish  his  claim.  Sir  Francis  Gawdie,  afterwards  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  advised  the  Society  to  defend 
the  suit,  and  they  did  so;  but  after  spending  £100  in  litigation 
they  were  decreed  to  give  up  the  property  ^. 

The  six  manors  given  by  Edward  VI  in  lieu  of  Enford  had 
also  belonged  to  religious  houses.     They  were : — 

Ann.  Value, 

Abbey  of  Chertsey.  £    s.   d. 

Manor  of  Ashe,  Surrey,  with  advowson  of  rectory 

worth  ;^i5  IIS.  ix\d.  by  the  year    .        .        .        .        11     i    o 
Preceptory  of  Templecotnbe,  a  cell  to  tfie  Hospital  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem,  Clerkenwell. 
Manor  of  Langlode  (Longload)  Somerset     .        .       .        17    9    o 
Abbey  of  Glastonbury. 
Manor  of  Sevenhampton  Denis  (Seavington),  Somerset. 

Ann.  value 11    9    o 

Monastery  of  Edington,  Wilts. 

Manor  of  Northbradley,  and  rectories  of  North  Bradley 

and  Southwick.    Ann.  value 12  18    2 

Abbey  of  Cerne,  Dorset. 

Manor  of  Mintern.    Ann.  value 13    5    9 

Monastery  of  Cirencester. 

Manor  of  Salperton,  Gloucester.    Ann.  value       .        .        12    2    i 

The  roll  quoted  above  continues  as  follows  : — 
*vi  Die  Februarii  anno  v  Regis  Edwardi  Sexti   pro  gardiano  et 
scholar.  Coll.  prope  Wynton. — 

*  Stat.  31  Hen,  VIII.  c.  14  (private). 

*  '  Sol.  M"  Bacon  (Nicholas  Bacon  was  attorney  of  the  Court  of  Wards  at 
this  time)  pro  examinacione  rotulorum  Din  regis  pro  custode,  v*  .  . .  Sol.  M'* 
Knyghth  scribenti  copiam  attincture  Thome  Culpeper  viij» .  . .  Sol.  M™  Gawde 
et  Mfo  Cavell  (a  Chancery  barrister)  pro  litibus  defendendis  in  causa  de  Enford 
XX*  ,  .  .  in  regardis  dat.  M™  Gawde  pro  consilio  suo  xx»,  eciam  M™  Cavell 
pro  consilio  suo  pro  una  injunctione  concessa  in  Cancellario  xx*,' 


Warden  White.  255 

*The  Kynges  Maiesties  pleasure  is,  whereas  the  manour  of  End- 
forde  in  the  Countie  of  Wilts  w.  the  p'sonage  and  vowson  of  the 
same  being  of  the  clere  yerely  value  of  Ixxii^  xiii^  iij^,  late  graunted 
to  the  warden  and  scholars  beside  Winchester  by  the  late  Kinge 
of  famous  memorye  King  Henry  the  eight  in  exchaunge  of  the 
manours  of  Harmondsworth  Colthrop  and  others  unto  whiche  sayd 
manour  p'sonage  and  vowson  one  Thomas  Culpeper  Esquire  pre- 
tendeth  right  and  hath  impleaded  the  sayd  warden  and  scholars 
in  the  Kinges  Maiesties  Court  of  Chauncerye  where  they  are  en- 
joined by  the  Lorde  Chauncellour  no  further  to  medle  with  the  sayd 
Manour  parsonage  and  vowson  nor  with  the  profitte  of  the  same : 
That  there  shal  be  apointed  unto  the  sayd  Warden  and  Scholars 
as  recopense  of  the  sayd  Manour  p'sonage  and  vowson  of  End- 
forde  other  lande  and  hereditaments  to  the  like  value  of  Ixxii^  xiii*  \\^ 
Therefore  make  a  graunt  unto  ye  sayd  Warden  and  Scholars  of 
the  Manors  of  Asshe  in  the  Countie  of  Surrey  with  the  p'tronage  of 
the  vowson  of  the  same  the  Manors  of  Langlode  and  Seuenhampton 
in  the  Countie  of  Somersette  the  Manor  and  personage  of  North- 
bradlie  in  the  Countie  of  Wiltes  the  Manor  of  Minterne  in  the 
Countie  of  Dorsett  and  the  Manor  of  Salperton  in  the  Countie  of 
Glouc.  amounting  in  the  hole  to  ye  clere  yerlye  value  of  Ixxvii^  xvi^  ix* 
which  doth  excedethe  value  of  the  sayd  Manor  ofEndeforde  with  the 
p'sonage  and  advowson  of  the  same  the  some  of  ciii*  vi"*  ^  which  is 
to  be  repayd  unto  the  Kinges  Maiestie  in  an  yerely  rent '  out  of  the 
Manor  of  Northbradley.  The  Warden  and  scholars  to  have  th'issues 
from  Michaelmas  last  paste.  The  sayd  Warden  and  Scholars  to  be 
bonde  to  answer  the  valewe  of  the  woddes  after  such  valewe  as  they 
shall  prevayle  unto. 

*  Sakevile.' 

The  'value  of  the  woddes,'  i.  e.  of  the  timber  and  underwood 
in  the  foregoing  estates,  exclusive  of  some  timber  at  Mounds- 
mere,  which  had  been  felled  by  Roger  Tichborne  under  a 
royal  warrant,  and  was  therefore  not  valued,  was : — 

£    s.   d. 

Moundsmere 13  15    o 

Walpan None. 

Stubbington Not  valued. 

Woodmancote 21  14    4 

Eriford Not  valued. 

Sydling Not  valued. 

'  This  fee  farm  rent  of;^5  3s.  (i\d.  was  redeemed  by  the  College  in  1794. 


2^6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Pydeltrenthide :  £    s.  d. 

King  Grove Not  valued. 

Lifeholds 368 

Ashe 17  10    o 

Mintern 600 

Seavington Not  valued. 

Longload         .        , 800 

Salperton Not  valued. 

Southwick  (North  Bradley)  ....  Not  valued. 

It  is  noticeable  that  the  timber  was  not  valued  in  cases  where 
there  was  not  more  than  enough  for  repairs. 

The  College  still  holds  most  of  these  estates.  Salperton  and 
Mintern  were  sold  off  thirty  years  ago,  and  the  manor  of 
Milborne  Port  was  given  to  the  Marquis  of  Anglesey  in  ex- 
change for  a  farm  near  Sherborne  only  two  or  three  years 
before  the  Reform  Bill  of  1832  deprived  the  ancient  little 
borough  of  Milborne  Port  of  its  representatives  in  Parliament. 

The  acquisition  of  the  site  of  St.  Elizabeth's  College  in  the 
same  year  was  a  piece  of  good  fortune.  The  College  of  St. 
Elizabeth  of  Hungary  had  been  founded  by  John  de  Pontissara, 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  the  year  1301,  for  a  provost,  six 
priests,  three  deacons,  and  certain  young  students,  who  were  to 
wait  upon  the  priests.  It  stood  in  what  is  now  the  Warden's 
kitchen  garden,  facing  the  cloisters  of  the  College,  and  was 
approached  from  College  Street  by  a  lane  or  passage  along  the 
eastern  bank  of  the  Warden's  stream  : — 

'The  College  of  St.  Elizabeth  of  Hungarie,  made  by  Pontissara, 
Bisshop  of  Winchester,  lieth  strait  est  upon  the  new  Colledge,  and 
there  is  but  a  litle  narrow  causey  betwixt  them '.  The  Mayne  arm 
and  streame  of  Alsford  water,  dividid  a  litle  above  the  Colledge  into 
2  armes,  rennith  on  each  side  of  the  Colledge.  .  .  .  Within  these 
2  arms  not  far  from  the  very  Colledge  chirch  of  St.  Elizabeth  is  a 
chapel  of  St.  Stephen  ^' 

The  foundation  of  an  oblong  building  in  the  meadow  where 
the  school  bathing-place  now  is,  marked  '  Site  of  St.  Elizabeth 
College '  on  the  Ordnance  map,  is  really  the  site  of  St.  Stephen's 
chapel.     It  was  founded  by  Pontissara ',  and  was  one  of  the 

'  The  path  taken  by  Henry  VI,  ante  p.  194. 

"  Leland,  Itin.  vol.  iii.  p.  100. 

*  *  Ad  peticionem  executorum  testamenti  Episcopi  Wynton.  defuncti  petencium, 
quod  cum  dictus  episcopus  in  vita  sua  incepisset  quandam  capellam  de  assensu 
at  voluntate  Prioris  Wynton.  et  conventus  ejusdem  loci,  in   uno  prato  extra 


Warden  White.  257 

eight  churches  of  which  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  is  stated  to 
be  patron.  (Reg.  Pontiss.  214,)  Its  site,  however,  belonged 
to  St.  Elizabeth's  College.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  the  smaller 
religious  houses  in  1536,  St.  Elizabeth's  College  fell  to  the 
share  of  Sir  Thomas  Wriothesley,  afterwards  Earl  of  South- 
ampton. He  forthwith  sold  it  to  the  College  for  the  sum  of 
£360,  but  imposed  a  condition  that  the  Society  should  either 
pull  down  the  building  or  convert  it  into  a  grammar  school  before 
the  Pentecost  of  1547,  '  for  as  many  children  as  were  then  com- 
monly taught  in  the  new  College  of  Winchester.'  The  necessary 
license  in  mortmain  having  been  obtained,  Sir  Thomas 
Wriothesley  conveyed  the  site  and  precinct  to  the  College 
by  deed  dated  April  18,  1544.  St.  Elizabeth's  College  is 
described  in  the  deed  of  sale  as  '  situate  in  St.  Stephen's  mead, 
which  is  before  the  gate  of  the  castle  or  palace  of  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester  of  Wolvesey  nigh  the  City  of  Winchester,  with  its 
church,  belfry,  and  cemetery,  containing  four  and  a  half  acres, 
with  the  appurtenances,' — namely,  the  tithes  of  Bishop's  mead. 
Painter's  field,  Rackclose,  and  Bishop's  field  under  St. 
Katherine's  Hill. 

Milner'  considers  that  the  stipulation  that  the  building  should 
be  pulled  down  if  not  converted  into  a  grammar  school  '  was 
calculated  to  prevent  the  church  from  being  claimed  back  for 
its  proper  use  in  any  possible  change  of  public  affairs.'  True. 
But  the  stipulation  was  not  of  Warden  White's  making,  and  it 
would  have  been  foolish  of  the  Society  to  decline  so  eligible  an 
offer  because  of  it.  It  is  more  likely  that  the  Society  did  really 
think  of  turning  St.  Elizabeth's  College  into  a  boarding  house 
for  Commoners,  as  Dr.  Burton  did  with  the  Sustern  Spital 
many  years  later ;  and  that  Wriothesley  doubted  the  stability 
of  their  purpose,  and  said  to  them  in  effect,  '  Well,  as  you  say 
you  want  St.  Elizabeth's  College  in  order  to  turn  it  into  a 
boarding  house,  you  shall  have  it :  but  if  you  do  not  devote  it  to 
that  purpose  within  so  many  years  you  shall  not  put   it  to 

manerium  de  Wolveseye,  et  assignavit  pratum  illud  et  appropriavit  capellam 
sancti  Stephani  contiguam  dicto  prato  ad  sustentacionem  cuiusdem  certi  numeri 
capellanorum  ibidem  divina  celebrancium,  &c.  Quod  Rex  velit  dictam  elimosy- 
nam  confirmare,  &c.  Ita  responsum,  &c.  Rex  concedit  quantum  in  Rege  est 
appropriacionem  prati  et  situs  nove  capelle  et  eciam  appropriacionem  Ecclesie 
Sancti  Stephani,'  Petitions  to  Parliament,  33  Ed.  I,  (a.d.  1304),  No.  57. 
'  History  of  Winchester,  Ed.  Ill,  vol.  ii.  p.  175. 

S 


258  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

any  other  use,  but  you  shall  pull  it  down.'  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
they  began  the  work  of  demolition  a  year  after  completion  of  the 
purchase,  by  taking  down  the  pinnacles  of  the  buttresses  of  the 
chapel,  and  stripping  the  house  roof  of  its  tiles.  *  Sol.  Georgio 
carpentario  laboranti  circa  detectionem  piramidum  Ste.  Eliza- 
bethe  per  iiij  dies,  ij^  viij<^.  .  .  .  Sol.  John  Harslett  pro  cariagio 
tegularum  a  domo  Ste.  Elizabethe  ad  Coll.  per  unum  diem  xij^^.' 
In  the  following  year  the  Warden  and  Fellows  stripped  the  lead 
off  the  roof  of  the  church  and  pulled  down  the  house,  except  a 
portion  which  they  made  a  storehouse  or  grange.  '  Sol.  Joh. 
Holyday,  Georgio  carpentario,  et  famulo  suo  laborant.  circa 
liquationem  plumbi  domus  Ste.  Elizabethe  xxij^  Sol.  Joh. 
Holyday  pro  detectione  et  prostratione  tecti  ecclesie  Ste.  Eliza- 
bethe xxvjs  viij^.  Sol  Geo.  carpentario  et  famulo  suo  laborant. 
circa  composicionem  ly  storhous  apud  domum  Ste.  Elizabethe 
xliiijs  v<i.'  This  storehouse  or  '  grange '  is  referred  to  in  the 
computus  rolls  for  a  number  of  years  afterwards.  The  wall 
which  bounds  the  south  side  of  Meads,  and  included  the  site  and 
precinct  of  the  Carmelite  Friary,  was  built  with  the  stones  of  the 
church,  a  fact  which  accounts  for  the  fragments  of  carved  and 
hewn  stone  of  which  it  is  chiefly  composed.  The  carved 
bears'  heads  within  the  entrance  gateway  of  the  sanatorium  came 
out  of  a  portion  of  this  wall,  which  had  to  be  pulled  down  when 
the  sanatorium  was  built. 

St.  Stephen's  mead  seems  to  have  been  used  by  the  Society 
before  the  dissolution  of  Pontissara's  foundation,  if  we  may 
judge  from  the  following  entry  in  the  computus  roll  of  1532 : 
'  Sol.  Ric.  Blanchard  facienti  sepem  prati  S.  Stephani  p.  vi  dies 
capient.  per  diem  ij^  cum  xij^  pro  suis  comunis  ij'.  .  .  .  Sol. 
Joh.  Whyte  pro  eradicacione  herbarum  noxiarum  in  le  orcharde, 
et  iij<^  pro  comunis  suis  xjd  dim.  .  .  .  Sol.  pro  spinis  et  ryse 
(brushwood)  pro  prato  S.  Stephani  xj^  x<J.'  In  1547  this 
meadow  was  enclosed  with  a  paling  to  keep  out  trespassers  and 
protect  the  cattle  and  sheep  which  grazed  there  until  they 
were  wanted  for  the  butcher.  '  Sol.  pro  composicione  ly  pale 
circa  pratum  Sti.  Stephani  xviji  xiv^  xj*^ '  occurs  in  the  computus 
roll  for  1547. 

St.  Stephen's  chapel  was  pulled  down  in  1548.  Its  materials 
helped  to  build  the  wall  above  referred  to.  Its  foundations,  of 
flint  bedded   in   mortar,   proved   to   be  of  the  most  durable 


Warden  White.  259 

character  when  the  city  sewer  was  carried  through  them  in 
1878,  requiring  to  be  blasted  with  gunpowder  before  the  sewer 
could  be  laid. 

The  manor  of  Moundsmere,  which  was  acquired  under  the 
exchange,  lies  on  the  downs  about  thirteen  miles  north-east  of 
Winchester.  The  homestead  is  in  an  open  airy  spot;  and 
when  the  plague  visited  Winchester,  as  it  appears  to  have  done 
in  the  year  1544,  the  Society  ran  up  some  new  buildings,  and 
removed  a  number  of  the  scholars  to  them  during  the  autumn 
and  winter  quarters  of  that  year^  'Sol.  Joh.  Hanyngton  et 
Nich.  Jakes  pro  expensis  circa  nova  edificia  apud  Moundsmere 
ut  patet  per  billas  xyj'  viij^  ix<i.' 

Baylie,  the  schoolmaster,  had  charge  of  these  boys,  and  was 
allowed  the  sum  of  £4  'pro  comunis  scolarium  in  rure.'  A 
slender  allowance,  probably  supplemented  in  some  way  which  is 
not  recorded. 

Ten  years  afterwards  the  Scholars  were  sent  to  Moundsmere 
again,  on  the  occasion  of  another  outbreak  of  the  plague. 
What  remained  of  a  largess  by  Queen  Mary  on  the  occasion 
of  her  bridal  visit  to  the  College,  amounting  to  £12  14s.  /^d. 
was  given  'to  Mr.  Crane  and  to  Mr.  Langrage,  overseers,  to 
repare  the  chyldren's  hows  at  Mousberie  {sic)  for  their  comfort 
in  tyme  of  siknes.'  It  appears  from  the  computus  roll  for  1554 
that  the  barn  there  was  fitted  with  bed-places  and  windows  for 
their  reception.  They  were  supplied  with  butcher's  meat,  &c., 
from  Winchester : — 

*  Item  carpentariis  component,  lectos  et  fenestras  apud  Moundsmere 
pro  pueris  commorantibus  ibidem  tempore  pestis  xl''  iij"^.  Item  pro 
clitellis  empt.  pro  carnibus  portandis  ad  Moundsmere  iij^  viij*!.  .  . 
Item  Joh.  Tilborowe  et  aliis  quibusdam  laborantibus  tarn  in  pro- 
strando  quam  in  portando  et  findendo  ligna  ad  usum  scolarium 
commorantium  apud  Moundsmere  tempore  pestis  a  ix™°  die  Novemb. 
ad  xvj™  diem  Dec.  et  pro  aliis  necessariis  expensis  ibidem  factis 
eodem  tempore  viij*.' 


The  number  of  scholars  in  College  during 

this  ' 

rusticatio  ' 

was  as 

follows :— 

First  week,  September  24-30 

, 

3 

September  30  to  end  of  quarter 

I 

First  week  of  Christmas  quarter 

I 

Second  week 

3 

Third,  fourth  and  fifth  weeks 

a 

Sixth  week     .... 

.        69 

S  2 


26o  Annals  of  IVinchesfer  College. 

The  memory  of  this  visit  to  Moundsmere  was  preserved 
in  successive  leases  of  the  demesne  down  to  the  last,  which  ex- 
pired at  Michaelmas,  1887,  by  the  following  clause  : — 

*  Except  nevertheless  and  reserving  the  new  buildings  adjoining  to 
the  said  manor  house,  with  all  and  singular  the  chambers  and  rooms 
whatsoever  within  the  same  contained,  or  at  any  time  hereafter 
of  new  to  be  built  there,  for  such  time  only  as  the  said  Warden  and 
Scholars,  Clerks,  or  their  successors,  or  the  schoolmaster,  scholars, 
and  servants  of  the  said  College  for  the  time  being  shall  resort,  come, 
and  remain  there  for  the  avoiding  the  plague,  or  any  such  pestilential 
sickness.' 

Under  custus  necessariorum  in  1544  is  a  reference  to  Richard 
Bethell,  of  whom  the  Society  appear  to  have  purchased  a 
quantity  of  unbleached  linen  for  servants'  aprons.  This  Richard 
Bethell  purchased  the  fabric  of  Hyde  Abbey  at  the  dissolution. 
He  seems  to  have  been  a  citizen  of  consequence,  inasmuch 
as  he  was  permitted  to  stipulate  upon  entering  the  Corpora- 
tion that  he  should  not  be  obliged  to  serve  the  minor  offices  of 
bailiff,  constable,  or  chamberlain,  before  accepting  the  Mayoralty 
of  Winchester  \  In  his  declining  years  he  had  a  lease  of  the 
College  manor  of  Woodmancot,  and  resided  there. 

While  Henry  VHI  was  amusing  himself  with  the  siege  of 
Boulogne  in  1544,  a  camp  was  formed  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  to 
the  expenses  of  which  the  College  contributed  £3  85.  ']d. 

Custus  stabuli  in  1545  includes  eight  quarters,  three  bushels  of 
beans  at  75.  Qd.  per  quarter,  bought  at  Weyhill  Fair ;  thirty- 
eight  horseshoes  (hind),  6s.  /^d. ;  thirty-four  ditto  (fore),  3s.  ^d. 
Two  drenches,  and  a  fee  of  2od.  for  doctoring  the  white  horse, 
with  id.  for  mending  the  stable  shovel,  came  to  25.  gd.  Three 
horses  at  grass  thirteen  weeks,  13s.  Eight  loads  of  straw, 
135.  4</. 

The  rise  in  the  price  of  all  kinds  of  provisions  rendered  it  im- 
practicable to  keep  within  the  statutory  allowance  for  commons 
any  longer,  and  it  was  discontinued  in  1544.  We  get  in  lieu  of 
the  quarterly  account  of  commons  a  staurus  expensarum,  or  table 
of  provisions  consumed,  and  are  gainers  by  the  change.  This 
is  the  staurus  expensarum  for  1544-5  • — 

'  He  is  called  'Robert'  Bethell  in  the  Guildhall  list  of  Mayors.  In  1553  he 
was  one  of  Edward's  Commissioners  for  the  survey  of  Church  goods  within  the 
City  of  Winchester.     See  ante,  p.  240. 


Warden  White.  261 

£    s.    d. 

Wheat,  195  qrs.  4  bus 143  10    8 

Malt ',  390  qrs.,  7  bus 142  13    i\ 

Beer,  John  Poly,  173  hhds.  at  I4</.,  and  Widow  Cor- 

nelis,  2  hhds.  used  at  Election,  35.  \d.        .        .        .  10    5    2 

Oxen,  65 iio    6  11 

Sheep,  455 63    9  10 

Rabbits,  12  dozen  and  3  couples 1165 

Milk  and  Cheese 7    8    4J 

Victualia  quadragesimae  "^ 51  15    o 

Sugar  and  Spices 5    8    9I 

Bay  and  Lymington  Salt 465 

Talwood ',  40,000  logs 20    o    o 

Fasciculi  (faggots),  8725 8  14    6 

Charcoal 10  15    o 

Total 590    o    8J 

Add  Manciple's  book 75    7    4 


Total  cost  of  provisions  for  the  year   .        .        .  ^665    8    o.} 


In  1546  the  Society  were  fortunate  enough  to  get  a  lease  of 
Stoke  Park  in  the  parish   of  Bishopstoke,   near  Winchester. 

'  Hops  do  not  appear  here,  but  under  custus  brasini. 

*  Lenten  victuals.     These  are  particularized  in  the  computus  roll  of  1548  as 

under : —  s,     d. 

I  cade  of  herrings  {alleciuni) 98 

a  cwt  of  dry  lynge 55     4 

6  barrels  salted  salmon     .......  56    8 

J  barrel  salted  eels  ........  46    8 

32  salted  congers 36    8 

Greyne  fysshe  (quantity  not  mentioned)  ....  74     7 

Figs  and  raisins  (quantity  not  mentioned)         ...  34    o 

yCi5  13    7 


In  reference  to  the  last  item  it  may  be  said  that  Lenten  diet  was  food  that  was 
dry,  rather  than  food  which  was  salt.  '  Xerophagiam,'  says  TertuUian  (De 
Jejuniis,  c.  i.  p.  544),  *  observamus,  siccantes  cibum  ab  omni  came  et  omni  juru- 
lentia  et  uvidioribus  quibusque  pomis,  ne  quid  vinositatis  vel  edamus  vel  pote- 
mus.' 

*  '  Pro  lignis  focariis  ad  certam  mensuram  fissis  et  precisis,  Angl.  "  cordwood." ' 
Spelman  sub  voc.  The  assize  of  talwood  was  regulated  by  Stats.  7  Ed.  VI,  c.  7, 
and  43  Eliz.  c.  14. 


%6%  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

It  was  one  of  the  ancient  possessions  of  the  See  of  Win- 
chester. Gardiner  disparked  it,  and  let  it  on  lease  to  one 
Nicholas  Lentall  for  forty-one  years,  from  Lady  Day,  1545. 
Lentall  sold  the  lease  to  the  Society,  who  wanted  the  land 
for  grazing  purposes.  The  license  to  assign  the  lease  to  the 
College  bears  Gardiner's  autograph  signatured  In  1549 
Gardiner  renewed  the  lease  for  a  term  of  ninety  years,  and 
in  1589  Bishop  Cooper  granted  a  fresh  lease  at  the  old  rent  for 
the  same  term,  to  commence  at  the  expiration  of  Gardiner's 
lease  in  1639.  Inasmuch  as  by  this  time  such  improvident 
alienations  of  the  estates  of  the  See  were  forbidden  by  Stat.  13 
Eliz.  c.  10,  the  same  device  was  resorted  to  as  had  been  em- 
ployed in  the  case  of  the  Ropley  property  {ante,  p.  20),  viz.  of 
taking  the  lease  in  the  name  of  the  Queen,  and  then  assign- 
ing it  to  the  Warden  and  Scholars-Clerks.  This  lease  was 
renewed  from  time  to  time  for  terms  of  twenty-one  years,  the 
maximum  length  allowed  by  the  statute,  and  did  not  expire  till 
Lady  Day,  1888,  when  the  property  reverted  to  the  Ecclesias- 
tical Commission.  Custus  pasturae  de  Stoke  became  a  new 
heading  in  the  computus  rolls  and  Bursars'  books  after  1546. 
The  Society  kept  their  sheep  and  oxen  at  Stoke  Park  and 
in  some  meadows  at  Otterborne,  which  one  Robert  Colpays 
bequeathed  in  1448  as  a  provision  for  his  obit,  and  brought  them 
up  to  Winchester  when  wanted  for  food. 

The  death  of  Henry  VIII  in  January,  1546-7,  relieved  the 
College  from  the  danger  of  dissolution,  which  it  had  been 
exposed  to  since  the  passing  of  the  Act  37  H.  VIII,  c.  4,  for 
dissolving  all  colleges,  chantries,  and  free  (i.  e.  endowed) 
chapels  at  the  King's  pleasure.  In  the  course  of  the  visita- 
tion of  the  whole  kingdom  which  the  Council  determined 
on  soon  after  the  accession  of  Edward  VI,  the  College  was 
visited  by  Sir  James  Hales,  Knt.,  Francis  Cave,  D.C.L.,  and 
Simon  Briggs,  D.D.,  as  Royal  Commissioners.  They  issued 
the  following  injunctions^  in  September,  1547  : — 

*i.  First,  that  from  henceforth  the  Bible  shall  be  daily  read  in 

'  This  is  an  early  instance  of  a  deed  being  signed  as  well  as  sealed.  The 
practice  of  signing  deeds  came  in  slowly  and  was  not  made  essential  till  the 
Statute  of  Frauds,  9  Car.  II. 

'*  Wilkins'  Concilia,  iv.  8. 


Warden  White.  263 

English  distinctly  and  apertly  in  the  midst  of  the  Hall  above 
the  hearth  where  the  fire  is  made,  both  at  dinner  and  supper. 

'2.  Item,  that  as  well  all  the  scholars  of  the  said  College  and 
foundation,  as  other  coming  to  the  same  school,  being  able  to  buy  the 
New  Testament  in  English  or  Latin,  shall  provide  for  the  same 
betwixt  this  and  Christmas  coming,  to  the  intent  that  they  may 
every  Sunday,  and  other  holy-days,  exercise  themselves  holie  in  read- 
ing thereof,  setting  apart  all  other  exercises  of  prophane  authors  ;  and 
that  the  Warden  and  schoolmaster,  or  such  as  the  Warden  in  his 
absence  shall  appoint,  shall  diligently  from  time  to  time  examine 
them  of  their  exercise  in  that  behalf. 

'3.  Item,  that  the  Warden,  and  in  his  absence  such  one  as  he 
shall  appoint,  shall  from  henceforth  every  Sunday  and  holy-day,  not 
being  principal  or  octave  of  principal,  read  unto  the  scholars  of  this 
school  some  part  of  the  Proverbs  of  Solomon,  for  the  space  of  one 
hour ;  which  book  ended,  he,  or  his  sufficient  deputy,  shall  begin  the 
book  of  Ecclesiastes  ;  which  also  ended,  they  shall  begin  then  again 
the  said  Proverbs,  and  so  continue.  The  said  lecture  to  begin  on  this 
side  Christmas  next,  viz.  anno  domini  1547. 

'  4.  Item,  that  from  henceforth  the  said  scholars  shall  use  no 
other  primer  than  that  which  is  set  forth  by  the  King's  authority,  the 
Latin  primer  for  them  that  understand  Latin,  and  the  English  primer 
for  them  that  understand  not  Latin.  And  yet  notwithstanding  for 
him  that  understandeth  the  Latin  to  use  which  of  them  he  liketh  best 
for  his  edifying. 

*  5.  Item,  the  Warden  and  schoolmaster  in  all  lectures  and  lessons 
of  prophane  authors  shall  refute  and  refel  by  allegation  of  Scriptures 
all  such  sentences  and  opinions  as  seem  contrary  to  the  Word  of 
God  and  Christian  Religion. 

*  6.  Item,  that  every  scholar  of  the  foundation  and  other  coming  to 
the  said  school  shall  provide  with  all  convenient  expedition  for 
Erasmus'  Catechism,  wherein  the  Warden  or  his  sufficient  deputy 
every  Sunday  and  holiday  shall  read  some  part  thereof,  proving 
every  article  thereof  by  the  Scripture,  and  exercise  the  scholars  at 
such  times  therein. 

'  7.  Item,  that  all  grace  to  be  said  or  sung  at  meals  within  the  said 
College,  and  other  prayers  which  the  said  scholars  and  children  are 
bound  to  use,  shall  be  henceforth  said  or  sung  evermore  in  English. 
And  that  they  shall  henceforth  omit  to  sing  or  say  'Stella  caeli,* 
*  Salve  Regina,'  or  any  such  like  untrue  and  superstitious  anthems. 

*8.  Item,  as  well  every  minister  and  ecclesiastical  person  in  this 
College,  as  other  laymen  and  servants,  shall  abstain  from  all  manner 
of  riberd  words  and  filthy  communication  and  other  uncomely  and 
light  demeanour,  lest  the  tender  youth  hearing  and  conceiving  the 
same,  may  thereby  be  infected  and  provoked  to  vice. 


264  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

'9.  Item,  whereas  four  Bibles  be  appointed  by  the  King's  High- 
ness' injunctions  to  lie  in  the  quire  and  body  of  the  church,  it  shall  be 
lawful  for  the  scholars  to  carry  and  occupy  one  of  the  said  Bibles  to 
and  in  the  Hall,  and  another  of  them  in  the  school,  so  that  they 
read  them  again  to  the  church  and  quire  afterwards. 

'  ID.  Item,  that  as  well  the  s*  Warden  as  every  Fellow  and  con- 
duct teaching  the  children,  shall  have  for  his  and  their  pains  one 
yearly  stipend  of  the  common  goods  of  the  College,  taxed  by  the 
Warden  with  the  assent  of  the  more  part  of  the  Fellows  :  and  the 
schoolmaster  and  usher  to  have  the  old  accustomed  stipend  of  Com- 
mensals, and  the  Warden,  Fellow,  or  conduct  to  require  no  part 
thereof. 

'  II.  Item.  That  no  person  in  the  said  College  have  the  correction  of 
the  grammarians  beside  the  Warden,  schoolmaster,  usher,  and  such 
Fellow  or  conduct  as  shall  watch  them  in  the  Warden's  absence ; 
and  that  there  be  no  excess  correction,  but  that  the  same  may  be 
mitigated  by  the  Warden's  direction.' 

The  Act  37  H.  VIII,  c.  4  was  re-enacted  by  Stat,  i  Ed.  VI, 
c.  14,  with  a  saving  clause  in  favour  of  the  two  Universities,  the 
Colleges  of  Winchester  and  Eton,  and  all  cathedral  churches 
and  chapels  of  ease.  All  obits  and  anniversaries  were  done 
away  with,  and  all  foundations  for  priests  who  should  pray  for 
the  souls  of  the  dead  were  abolished,  and  their  goods,  jewels, 
plate,  ornaments  and  other  moveables  were  confiscated  in  cases 
to  which  the  saving  clause  did  not  apply. 

The  computus  roll  of  1546  contains  the  following  list  of  obits 
which  were  celebrated  in  that  year  for  the  last  time  in  con- 
sequence of  the  Act  of  Edward  VI  abolishing  -such  in  the 
following  year  : — 

I  s.d. 
Wykeham's  anniversary.    Distributed  among  the  poor 
on  the  three  commemoration  days,  and  on  the  anni- 
versary of  Wykeham's  death,  Sept.  27  ^,  1404   .        .456 
Distributed   among  the  poor  in  the  Cathedral   on   the 

anniversary  of  Wykeham's  death  .  .  .  .200 
Dec.  3.  John  Whyte,  Fellow,  1464-94  .  .  .  .118 
Jan.  9.        Thomas  Asheborne,  Fellow,  1479-1516,  and 

John  Bedell  the  manciple      .        .        .        .      o  13    4 
„    14.      ThomasBekenton,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  ^.      188 

'  Under  Wykeham's  will,  masses  were  to  be  sung  for  the  repose  of  his  soul 
for  forty  days  after  his  death  and  no  longer. 

^  Warden  Baker  "s  acquittance  to  the  Bishop's  executors  for  his  legacies  to  the 
College  is  dated  Feb.  23,  1464  5. 


Warden  While.  265 

£  s.  d. 
Jan.  19.  Sir  William  Danvers,  Knt.,  Dame  Joan,  his 

widow,  and  Maud,  Countess  of  Oxford  ^  .  090 

„    31.          Robert  Colpays  and  Alice  his  wife       .        .  o  16    6 

Feb.  21.        John  Gynnore  or  Chynnore  (Fell.  1452-63) .  o  lo    o 

March  30.      Henry    Keswyke   and  Master  John   Far- 

lington.  Schoolmaster         .        .        .        .068 

April  I.         Andrew  Huls  and  Warden  Baker  *     .        .  10    6    8 

„    II.         Cardinal  Bewford  {sic) 188 

„     22.         William  Laus  or  Laws  ^  (Fell.  1413-17)       .  i  11  10 

August  8.      Stephen   Ede,  Mayor  of  Winchester,  and 

John  his  son  (scholar  1443)        .        .        .  o  12    o 

Tempore  Electionis.    Warden  Chaundler        .        .        .170 

August  31.    Richard  Rede,  Janitor  of  Wolvesey  Castle  o  15    4 

Oct.  9.           Warden  Cleve 3  12  11 

The  same,  for  a  mass  called  *  septima  missa '  i  10    4 

„    21.          Warden  Morys o  18    6 

„    29.          Warden  Thurbern  and  Richard  Pittleworth  414 

„    32.  William  Tystede  of  Ropley,  and   Bennet 

his  wife 076 

Nov.  9  John  Fromond  and  Maud  his  wife,  with  the 

chaplain's  stipend 13  12    2 

„    20.          Hugh  Sugar o  18  11 

The  Society  were  gainers  in  point  of  income  by  the  abolition 
of  so  many  obits  *,  and   began   to  live  more  comfortably  in 

^  In  31  Hen.  VI  Lady  Danvers  enfeoffed  Wayneflete,  Westbury  the  Provost 
of  Eton,  Sir  Robert  Danvers,  Knt.,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  King's  Bench, 
and  others,  of  the  manor  of  Wyke  or  Staneswyke  in  Berks,  with  the  advowson 
of  the  free  chapel  of  Chapelwyke,  and  her  lands  in  Shrivenham,  Bourton, 
Wackyngfeld,  Langote,  and  Farnham  in  the  same  County  upon  condition  that 
they  should  regrant  the  same  to  the  Warden  and  Scholars-Clerks  to  endow 
her  obit  The  benefaction  did  not  take  effect,  owing  apparently  to  the  necessary 
license  in  mortmain  not  being  obtainable. 

^  The  Warden  stipulated  that  his  obit  should  be  kept  for  twenty  years  after 
his  death  ;  but  the  Society  perpetuated  it  Obits  were  usually  perpetual.  I  only 
find  one  like  Warden  Baker's,  that  of  John  Poly,  the  brewer  (a«fe,  pp.  251,  261) 
who  purchased  an  obit  for  the  same  term  of  years. 

*  The  following  inscription  will  be  found  on  a  renewed  brass  in  front  of  the 
altar.     The  original  was  in  the  Western  cloister : — 

'  Orate  pro  aia  Wilnl  Laus  quondam  socii  istius  Colli  qui  obiit  die  iovis  in 
vigilia  S.  Georgii  An.  dnl  mccccxvij  cuius  ale  p'picietur  deus  amen.' 

*  The  power  conferred  on  the  Royal  Commissioners  by  section  37  of  the  Act 
I  Ed.  VI,  c.  14  to  alter  the  nature  and  condition  of  obits  to  a  better  use  or  to  the 
relief  of  some  poor  men  being  students  or  otherwise,  was  not  exercised  in  the 
case  of  the  College.  So  that  the  Society  had  the  spending  of  the  money  as 
they  pleased. 


266  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

consequence.  In  1547,  for  instance,  it  appears  that  £3  i6s.  /^\d. 
was  spent  on  spices  and  preserves  (in  speciebus  et  marmelado) 
and  4000  extra  logs  of  cordwood  were  ordered.  And  in  1560 
they  raised  the  principal  stipends,  as  already  stated  \ 

The  prices  of  wheat  and  malt  fell  remarkably  in  1547  in  con- 
sequence of  an  abundant  harvest.  Wheat  from  20s.  to  6s.  2>d., 
and  malt  from  los.  to  6s.  per  quarter. 

Dame  Elizabeth  Shelley  died  at  the  end  of  1548.  She  was 
the  last  Abbess  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  one  of  the  oldest  religious 
houses  in  Winchester.  It  was  founded  by  Ethelswitha,  King 
Alfred's  consort,  in  the  ninth  century.  It  was  suppressed  in 
1536  among  the  376  religious  houses  that  were  under  the  yearly 
value  of  £200  :  for  St.  Mary's  was  never  a  wealthy  abbey. 
Dame  Elizabeth  Shelley  was  a  woman  of  spirit,  and  had  friends 
at  Court.  She  persuaded  Henry  VIII  to  found  the  abbey  anew 
with  its  former  possessions,  except  the  valuable  manors  of 
Alcannings  and  Urchfont  in  Wilts,  which  remained  with  Lord 
Edward  Seymour,  to  whom  the  king  had  given  them.  A  ground 
for  this  singular  concession  may  perhaps  be  sought  in  the  fact 
that  under  Dame  Shelley  the  abbey  was  a  high  class  girls' 
boarding  school  in  which  twenty-six  girls  were  educating  at  the 
time  of  the  final  dissolution  of  the  abbey  in  1539.  When  this 
event  happened  the  abbess  retired  on  a  pension,  and  appears  to 
have  dwelt  in  Winchester  till  her  death.  When  her  end  was 
approaching,  she  gave  a  carpet  valued  at  £3  to  the  Society  to 
be  laid  before  the  altar  on  High  days',  and  a  chalice  of  silver, 
which  she  must  have  bought  or  been  allowed  to  keep  when  the 
plate  of  the  Abbey  was  seized,  upon  condition  that  it  should 
be  restored  in  the  event  of  the  Abbey  being  re-established. 
She  was  buried  in  the  College,  and  appears  by  the  computus 
roll  of  1548  to  have  had  a  handsome  funeral.  '  In  pecuniis 
expens.  pro  funeralibus  Elizabethae  Shelley  xxv^,  pro  obitu 
eiusdem  v^.' 

Under  custus  capellae  in  the  same  roll  is  an  entry  of  3s.  ^d.  for 
three  copies  of  the  volume  of  twelve  Homilies  which  Cramner 
had  put  forth ;    and  entries  of  40s.  for  a  vestment  of  white 


•  Ante^  p.  84. 

'  This  carpet  was  in  use  for  many  years  afterwards.      It  was  backed  with 
canvas  in  the  year  1562  in  order  to  preserve  it  as  long  as  possible. 


Waraen  White.  367 

damask  with  an  alb ',  and  £8  for  two  altar  cloths  of  red  velvet 
worked  with  gold,  and  a  vestment  of  the  same.  The  purchase 
of  other  books  is  thus  referred  to  :  *  Item,  Dno  Godewyn  (the 
master  of  the  choristers)  eunti  Sarum  pro  cantilenis  "^  v^  iiij<^.' 
'  Item,  pro  uno  missali  (the  First  Book  ?)  iij^.'  '  Item,  pro  iij 
psalteriis  v^  iiijd :  pro  vij  psalteriis  et  missalibus  cxvj* :  pro  cxvj 
diversis  cantilenis  empt.  pro  choro  cv^.* 

The  office  of  the  Communion  which  was  put  forth  in  1548 
seems  to  have  been  adopted  in  College  on  All  Saints'  Day,  1552, 
on  which  day,  by  Stat.  5  and  6  Ed.  VI,  c.  i,  it  was  to  come  into 
use  throughout  the  realm.  '  Sol.  pro  ij  libris  de  Communione 
x8 '  occurs  in  the  roll  for  1553. 

The  following  entry  in  the  roll  of  1551  relates  to  an  attempt 
on  the  part  of  the  advisers  of  Edward  VI  to  '  cry  down,'  or 
reduce  from  its  nominal  to  its  actual  value,  the  coin  which  had 
been  debased  under  Henry  VHP.  Elizabeth  took  the  opposite 
course,  and  coined  money  of  the  value  which  it  bore  on  its 
face.  '  In  denariis  diminutis  per  edictum  regis  divulgat.  in 
civitate  Wynton.  ix  Julii,  iiij^  xiij^  ix<i ...  in  denariis  diminutis 
secunda  vice  per  regis  edictum  p'clamat.  in  civit.  Wynton.  viij 
Augusti,  v^  iij»  vjd  q.' 

The  following  account  of  expenses  on  progress  is  extracted 
from  a  book  which  began  to  be  kept  in  1551  : — 

Expenses  of  the  Warden  and  others  in  London,  11-22  Feb.,  1551-2, 
and  of  the  journey  home  by  way  of  Bagshot  and  Alton. 

12  Feb.    Ash  Wednesday  : — 

Salt  fish,  i2flf. ;   oysters,  dd. ;   smelts,  6rf'. ;    whitings, 

*  This  purchase  was  in  obedience  to  the  rubric  in  the  First  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,  which  is  omitted  from  the  Book  of  1552  :  '  Upon  the  daie,  and  at  the 
time  appointed  for  the  ministracon  of  the  holy  Communion  the  priest  that  shall 
execute  the  holy  ministry  shall  put  upon  hym  the  vesture  appointed  for  that 
ministracon,  that  is  to  saye,  a  white  alb  plain  with  a  vestment  or  cope.'  The 
fact  of  such  a  vestment  having  to  be  bought  at  this  time  shows  how  complete 
the  spoliation  of  the  society's  stock  of  vestments  had  been. 

*  Possibly  Introits,  as  this  part  of  the  Communion  Service  was  not  rejected 
until  the  Second  Book.  But  more  likely  Sternhold's  version  of  thirty-seven 
Psalms,  which  he  dedicated  to  the  King  and  '  were  put  forth  and  allowed  to  be 
sung  in  all  churches  before  and  after  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer,  and  also 
before  and  after  Sermons.' 

'  Henry  VIII  debased  the  coin  in  1524  by  alloying  it  with  brass  (Strype,  ch. 
aa).  Queen  Elizabeth  restored  the  standard  of  fineness  to  what  it  had  been 
under  Edward  IV. 


268  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£   5.   d. 

8d. ;  a  haddock,  lod. ;  a  ray,  izd. ;  herrings,  6d. ; 
oil,  6d. ;  mustard,  id. ;  charcoal,  i8rf. ;  salt,  2d. ; 
wine,  4^(3^. ;  figs,  ^d. ;  apples,  3</.       .        .        .        .082^ 

12  Feb. : — 

Oysters,  6d.  ;  herrings,  6d. ;  pickle,  200^. ;  whitings, 
i2d. ;  haddock,  120^. ;  pepper,  id. ;  wine,  8d. ;  figs, 
4«/, ;  apples,  2^. o    5  11 

13  Feb, : — 

Oysters,  6d. ;  pickles,  14a?. ;  whitings,  120^. ;  a  ray, 
i2d. ;  flounders,  iid. ;  smelts,  6d. ;  salt  eels,  14a?. ; 
herrings,  6d. ;  wine,  31^. ;  apples,  6d.        .        .        .076 

14  Feb. : — 

Oysters,  6d. ;  salt  fish,  i6d. ;  herrings,  8d. ;  whiting, 
18^. ;  smelts,  6d. ;  roach,  6d. ;  oil,  6d. ;  sugar,  ^^d. ; 
pepper,  k/.  ;  mustard,  id. ;  flour,  id. ;  wine,  I2fi^. ; 
figs,  8d. o    7    8^ 

Boat  hire  from  Queenhive  to  (London)  Bridge        2d. 

Boat  hire  from  Queenhive  to  Clynke  ^  and  back  2d. 
.  Boat  hire  from  Queenhive  to  Westminster .        .    ^d. —  008 

15  Feb.  :— 

Oysters,  6d. ;  herrings,  8^. ;  pickles,  i2d. ;  eels,  i6d. ; 
whitings,  12^?. ;  2  haddocks,  i6d. ;  mussels,  ^d. ; 
vinegar,  id. ;  figs,  2d. ;    *  biskats,'  30?. ;  wine,  8^d.    .      o    7    4J 

16  Feb.  :— 

Oysters,  6d. ;  pickles,  i6d. ;  herrings,  8d. ;  whitings, 
i6d. ;  eel,  7</. ;  smelts,  6d. ;  almonds,  6d. ;  lentils, 
^d. ;  sugar,  ']d. ;  cloves  and  mace,  id. ;  herbs,  i<^. ; 
Cretan  wine,  ^d. o    6  10 

17  Feb. : — 

Oysters,  6d. ;  herrings,  gd. ;  salt  fish,  2s. ;  eels,  25. 2d. ; 
pike,  55. ;  smelts,  i6d. ;  salmon,  2s.  2d. ;  lampreys, 
I2d. ;  almonds,  7|</. ;  lentils,  ^d. ;  sugar,  'jd. ;  cloves 
and  mace,  id. ;  pepper,  id. ;  yeast,  ifl?. ;  salt,  id. ; 
vinegar,  id. ;  oil,  5«f. ;  figs,  ^d. ;  wine,  16^.      .        .      o  18  lo^ 

Boat  hire  from  Queenhive  to  Westminster  5.    d. 

and  back,  15  Feb 07 

Paper 03 

Boat  hire,  17  Feb i    a 

Lights 40 


i  ( 


The  Clink '  in  Southwark. 


Warden  White. 

s.  d. 

Beer 26  o 

Bread 38  o 


c 


269 
.   d. 


Mr.  Boxe  for  spices /3    5 

Mrs.  Gardnar  for  fish  and  oil        .        .        .  19    o 


3  10    o 


22    5    9 


o    7 


7    3i 


074 


18  Feb.  :— 

Oysters,  td. ;  salt  fish,  (yd. ;  herrings,  ^d. ;  lampreys, 
dd. ;  smelts,  fid. ;  salt  eel,  7^/. ;  haddock,  \od. ;  mus- 
tard, \d. ;  charcoal,  25. ;  figs,  2^. ;  wine,  \\d.  , 

19  Feb. : — 

Oysters,  9^/. ;  pickle,  \^d. ;  whitings,  14^. ;  roach,  td. ; 
lampreys,  (>d. ;  eel,  i2</. ;  herrings,  2>d. ;  onions, 
2</. ;  vinegar,  la?. ;  sugar,  3^. ;  raisins,  2flf. ;  pepper, 
\d. ;  figs,  8</. o 

ao  Feb. : — 

Oysters,  td. ;  salt  fish,  i2<f. ;  herrings,  ^d. ;  eels,  14^/. ; 
haddock,  \'2d. ;  smelts,  6rf. ;  lampreys,  dd. ;  roach, 
e^d. ;  oil,  5«/. ;  mustard,  \d. ;  apples,  8fl?l ;  wine,  9^/.  . 

21  Feb. : — 

Oysters,  \od. ;  pickle,  140?. ;  herrings,  dd. ;  haddock, 
i2</. ;  smelts,  dd. ;  eels,  i6rf. ;  salmon,  ?>d. ;  vinegar, 
2^. ;  raisins,  i</. ;  eggs,  2.d. ;  water,  2s.  2>d. ;  figs,  8fl?. ; 
wine,  ^d.      .       . o  10 

5.    d. 
Wood 32    2 

Carriage  of  the  trunk   (cista)  from    our 

house  (Trumper's  Inn)  to  Holborn 
Boat  hire,  20  and  21  Feb.   . 
Washing  our  clothes 
Woman  working  in  kitchen 
Wife  of  Gervys  for  washing  clo 
Henry  Alway'^  for  boat  hire 
Parker  for  boat  hire    . 


Horse  keep  at  London 
Girl  cleaning  the  house 
Bread  .... 


hes 


4 
6 

4 
4 
4 
8 

0  10 
18    o 

1  o 
o    4 


22  Feb. : —  

Oysters,  ']d. ;  a  ray,  \6d. ;  pickle,  ^ad. ;  salt  salmon, 
20</. ;  eels,  ']d. ;  a  haddock,  ^2od. ;  roach,  5</. ;  her- 
rings, \od. ;  mustard.  \d. ;  wine,  3</. ;  figs,  8^. 

'  Bought  for  use  at  Winchester. 

'  He  was  collector  of  quit  rents  at  Piddletrenthide. 


3     2  10 


o     9  II 


270  Amia/s  of  Winchester  College. 

23  Feb. :—  £   s.   d. 

Wood,  Qd. ;  oysters,  6d. ;  pickle,  \2d. ;  herrings,  4<f. ; 

smelts,  6d. ;   roach,  6d. ;   eels,  i6d. ;  oil,  ^d. ;  wine, 

SflT. ;  lights,  /i^d. 059 

Thomas  Fishwick,  returning  home,  24  Feb.,  for  horse 

keep,  food,  and  drink,  stuffing  saddle,  and  horseshoes  038 
Thomas    Fishwick,   returning  to    London  with  the 

horses,  for  horse  keep,  food  and  drink     .        .        .064 

At  Bagshot,  23  Feb. : —  5.  d. 

Horse  keep  for  night  there  .        .        .        .        10    o 
Food,  drink,  and  faggots       ....  67 

o  16    7 

Breakfast  at  Alton,  24  Feb. : — 

Food  and  drink 98 

Provender 36 

David's  ^  breakfast  at  Odiham       ...  04 

Provender 04 

o  13  10 

Expenses  of  William  Atkins,    Nicholas   Smith   and   others 
riding  to  London,  4  July,  1551 : — 

Andwell : —  £  s.   d. 

Money  given  to  daughters  and  servants  of  Mr.  Jakes  .010 
Hartley  Row : — 

Beer        .        .        .        . 002 

Bagshot : — 

Bread  and  beer,  lod. ;  provender,  i2d.  .  .  .  o  i  10 
Staines : — 

Supper,  45.  8</. ;  provender  the  night  there,  4s.  .  .  088 
London,  Sunday : — 

Dinner,  4s. ;  bread  and  beer,  i^d.  .  .  ,  .052 
Monday  : — 

Dinner,  35.  4</. ;  supper  and  beer,  2s.  ^d.  .  .  ,058 
Tuesday : — 

Breakfast,  6d. ;  supper,  4s. ;  bread  and  beer,  8d.  .052 
Wednesday : — 

Dinner,  3s.  ^d. ;  supper,  25.  8d. ;  bread  and  beer,  i2d.  070 
Thursday : — 

Provender,  19s. ;   breakfast,  6d. ;   dinner,  i8d. ;  pro- 

•  David  was  a  Welsh  serving  man  who  continued  about  the  College  till  his 
death  in  1584,  when  the  Society  paid  for  his  burial : — 

'  Davidi  Wallico  ex  consensu  25.  6d. ;  pro  custodia  et  sepultura  ejusdem 
Davidis  6s.  4*/.' 


Warden  White.  aji 

£  s.  d. 
vender,  ^od. ;  supper  at  Staines,  Tod. ;  bread  and 
beer,  isk/. 154 

Friday : — 

Dinner,  35.  ^d. ;  bread  and  beer,  6d. ;  provender,  25.  ']d.      065 
Saturday : — 

Breakfast  at  Bagshot,  t)d. ;  provender,  2s.  yi.      .        .030 
Dinner  at  Andwell,  3s.  4^/. ;  horse  shoes,  lod. ;  mend- 
ing a  saddle,  lod. 050 

Paid  Master  Leke's  clerk  transcribing  an  Indenture  .      068 
Paid  Randall  Bethell,  Master  Jobson's  clerk       .        .368 
Paid  him  for  writing  an  account  of  all  the  timber  and 
underwood  growing  on  the  farms  and  tenements 
recently  granted  to  us  by  the  King  in  the  name 
of  an  exchange 068 

Expenses  of  the  Warden,  William  White,  and  others  riding 

to  London,  15  October,  1555  : — 

£   s.  d 
Willhall,  15  Oct.  :— 

Rewards 004 

Bagshot,  16  Oct. : — Dinner. 

Bread,  3^. ;  beer,  ^d. ;  beef  and  mutton,  i^^d. ;  eggs, 

id. ;  provender,  i6d. 032 

Hounslow,  16  Oct.,  Supper : — 

Bread,  30?. ;  beer,  6d. ;  mutton,  8d. ;  fowls,  25. ;  fire- 
wood, 8d. ;  horse  keep  the  night,  45.  4</.   .        ,        .      085 

London,  18  to  22  Oct. : — 

Billets,  3s.  zd. ;  salt  fish,  /[^d. ;  whiting,  4</. ;  butter, 
4d. ;  parsnips  and  oysters,  2^d. ;  pepper,  salt,  and 
mustard,  3^rf. ;  water,  ^d. ;  vinegar,  id. ;  2  lbs. 
candles,  ^d. ;  horsebread,  i2d. ;  charcoal,  5^. ;  bread, 
2S. ;  faggots,  6d. ;  butter,  'jd. ;  herbs,  2d. ;  '  whiting '  ^ 
and  flour,  'jd. ;  beer,  lod. ;  salt  fish  and  eggs,  is.  6d. ; 
a  hogshead  of  beer,  35.  ^d. ;  hay  and  straw  for 
horses,  19  to  21  Oct.,  5s.  8d. ;  beef,  mutton,  veal,  and 
pork,  los.  4</,;  boat  hire,4</.;  rabbits, 8fl?.;  radishes,  id.; 
wine,  3^. ;  biscuits,  2d. ;  cheese,  apples  and  pears, 
4</.;  sugar,3|</.;  currants,  cinnamon,  and  ginger,  4|</. ; 
vinegar  and  herbs,  beer  and  water,  2d. ;  butter,  'jd. ; 
candles,  2d. ;  boat  hire,  ^d. ;  links,  ^d. ;  bread,  i^d. ; 
coals  and  candles,  65.  2d. ;  hay  and  straw,  4s. ; 
ditto  for  Warden's  horse  at  the  inn  5  days,  45.  6d.  .      2    8    6i 

*  Qy.  '  whites '  or  pastrj'  flour. 


272  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£  s.  d. 
Woman  and  girl  working  in  kitchen  5  days,  izzd. ; 
cleaning  gaiters,  6d. ;  exportatio  fimi,  Qd. ;  washing 
clothes,  i2</. ;  man  working  in  stable  with  Matson, 
4flf. ;  woman  cleaning  candlesticks  and  other  things, 
and  sweeping  the  floors,  6d. o    4  lo 

Bagshot,  23  Oct. : — 

Bread  and  beer,  Qd. ;  pork,  50?. ;  mutton,  6d. ;  wine 
and  fire,  ^\d. ;  hay  and  provender,  2od. ;  Master 
Jakes'  men  servants  and  maid  servants,  6d.     .        .040^ 

Warden,  Mr.  Smith,  and  others  riding  on  Autumn  progress, 

10  September,  1552  : — 

£    s.  d. 
Meonstoke,  14  Sept. : — 

Bread  and  beer ,002 

Eling,  16  Sept. : — 

Provender  for  four  horses  one  night  at  the  inn  .        .020 

Lepe,  17  Sept. : — 

Food  and  smith 028 

Provender  for  the  horses  one  night      .        .        .        .014 
Boat  hire  between  Lepe  ^  and  the  Isle  of  Wight         .018 

Saint  Cross,  20  Sept. : — 

Shaving  our  beards  at  Newport 002 

Paper  and  a  purse o    o  10 

Yarmouth  and  Hurst,  20  Sept.  :— 

Boat  hire  between  Yarmouth  and  Hurst,  and  from 

Hurst  to  Key  Haven 054 

Halters  for  Hugh  New  at  Yarmouth    .        .        .        .002 
Rewards  to  the  soldiers  at  Hurst  Castle      .        .        .034 

Hay  at  Hurst 002 

Beer  at  Yarmouth 002 

The   miller  for  boat  hire  between    Lepe  and   the 

Island,  and  for  washing  the  miller's  shirt        .        .      o    o  12 

Christchurch,  22  Sept. : — 

Horse  keep  that  night 030 

Bere,  23  Sept. : — 

Dinner 038 

Provender 032 

*  Lepe  or  Leap  is  a  place  on  the  main  land  near  Stone  Point,  the  distance 
from  which  to  West  Cowes  is  under  three  miles,  about  the  shortest  passage. 


Warden  IVhite.  273 

Sydling,  26  Sept. : —  £    s.    d. 

Provender 034 

Men  and  one  woman  in  kitchen 018 

A  purse  bought  at  Cerne 002 

Gave  Stempe  for  his  journey  home      .        .        .        .020 
Washing  clothes  at   Piddletrenthide,  and   cleaning 

gaiters  (ocreae) 010 

Paid  Fishwyke  for  mending  saddles  at  Crokehorne 

(Crewkerne) 005 

Paid  Robert  Evered  for  oxen  supplied  to  College      .  64  13    4 

Cerne  : — 

Meat  and  drink 028 

Crewkerne ; — 

Breakfast 014 

Longload : — 

Fee  to  Mr.  Symbarbe  (St.  Barbe)         ,        .        .        .100 

Hindon  : — 

Bread  and  beer 028 

Provisions 050 

Provender 042 

Vails  to  Mr.  Evered's  servants 006 

Paid  Thomas  Fishwyke  for  two   horse  shoes   and 
removes  at  Milborne  Port          .        .        .        .        .013 

Sarum : — 

Paid  vicars  of  cathedral  church  of  Sarum  for  a  half- 
year's  pension  out  of  Piddletrenthide       .        .        .     10    o    o 

Downton : — 

Money  given  to  poor 068 

Washing  clothes  at  Combe 004 

Expenses  of  Mr.  Jakes  returning  home       .        .        .      o    i  10 
Helper  in  stable  at  Durrington  while  Fishwyke  was 

away 006 

Gave  the  clerk  at  Downton 004 

Andover : — 

For  stuffing  our  saddles 008 

Cleaning  our  gaiters  and  shaving  our  beards      .        .006 

Tilehurst : — 

Paid  one  who  measured  our  timber  at  Halland  .        .008 
Moundsmere : — 

Cleaning  gaiters  and  drying  clothes  at  Moundsmere  .      006 

Ashe : — 

Removes  and  horse  shoes 010 

Cleaning  gaiters,  and  present  to  helper  in  stable       .      006 

T 


274  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Willhall:—  I   s.    d. 

Alms  and  cleaning  gaiters     .      ' 006 

Washing  the  shirts  of  Fishwyke,  the  miller,  and 

David  at  different  places 004 


Total ;^79    2    8 


The  rate  of  this  progress  seems  to  have  been  as  follows  : — 

MILES. 

Winchester  to  Meonstoke  and  back,  Sept.  14      .        .  24 

Winchester  to  Eling  and  back,  Sept.  16       ...  15 

Eling  to  Lepe,  Sept.  17 6 

Cowes  to  St.  Cross,  near  Newport,  Sept.  20        .        .  4 

St.  Cross  to  Yarmouth,  Sept.  20 8 

Yarmouth  to  Hurst  and  Key  Haven  by  boat       .        .  6 

Key  Haven  to  Christchurch,  Sept.  22  .        .        .        .  10 

Christchurch  to  Bere  Regis,  Sept.  23    .        .        .        .  20 

Bere  Regis  by  Piddletrenthide  and  Cerne  to  Sydling  16 

Sydling  to  Crewkerne 16 

Crewkerne  through  Seavington  to  Longload       .        .  9 

Longload  to  Hindon 38 

Hindon  to  Salisbury 21 

Salisbury  to  Downton  and  back 14 

Salisbury  to  Durrington 8 

Durrington  to  Andover 17 

Andover  to  Winchester 12 


Expenses  of  Warden  on  Autumn  progress,  1555  :— 

Downton  : —  5.    d. 

The  poor  there 6    8 

The  clerk 04 

At  Blandford,  Sept.  4,  our  dinner  : — 

Bread 06^ 

Beer 09 

Beef 08 

Eggs o    2i 

Rabbits o  10 

Pears  and  sugar 04 

A  payre  of  double  white  girthes  ...12 

A  fore  petell  ? 10 

Mending  two  saddles 08 

Two  halters 01 

Provender 24 


I   s.  d. 


o  15    7 


Warden  White.  275 

Dorchester,  Sept.  6 :—  s.  d.        £  s.   d. 

Bread 16 

Beer 20 

Pickles  (salsamenta) 08 

Salt  conger i    6 

Buchorne  (hartshorn) 04 

Trout 10 

Eggs 09 

Sugar  and  currants 12 

Cinnamon,  pepper,  and  spices      .        ..08 

Wine 06 

Prunes 04 

Pears  and  other  fruit 04 

Cakes  (placentae) 08 

Firewood 04 

Forage 16 

A  poor  man  who  helped  Fishwick  in  the  stable     o    2 o  13    5 

Fishwick  for  keep  of  three  horses  left  at  Wilton        .        014 
Same  another  time 006 

Piddletrenthide,  Sept-  10 : — 

Washing  linen  and  cleaning  gaiters     .        .        .        .        010 
A  halter 004 

Milborne  Port,  Sept.  12  :. — 

Fishwick  for  removes  of  horse  shoes  .        .        .        .        016 

Cleaning  gaiters 004 

Gave  helper  in  stable 002 

Sydling,  Sept.  13 : — 

Bread  at  dinner 04 

Beer 09 

Veal ID 

A  rabbit 05 

Horse  keep i  10 

Paper o    2 o    4    6 

Paid  John  Dyer  and  John  Gentell  for  oxen  supplied 
to  College 2868 

Coombe  Bisset : — 

Vicars  of  cathedral  church  of  Sarum  (a  half  year's 

fee  farm  rent  out  of  Piddletrenthide)  .  .  .  10  o  o 
Two  who  cleaned  our  gaiters  and  helped  in  stable  .  006 
Henry  Wright,  riding  on  College  business         .        .        050 

Mr.  Morton's  shepherd 004 

Drawing  bond  between  the  College  and  Mr.  Strowde        024 

Durrington : — 

Helper  in  stable 002 

Sum  Total       ....  ;^40  13    8 

T  a  "^"'~'~" 


27<5  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

In  1546  Thomas  Baylie,  who  had  succeeded  White  as  school- 
master at  the  age  of  26,  made  way  for  Evered,  who  was  not  a 
Wykehamist,  at  any  rate  not  a  scholar  of  the  College.  Thomas 
Hyde  (adm.  1537)  succeeded  Evered  in  1552  at  the  age  of  28. 
Hyde  came  from  Newbury.  He  was  a  staunch  Romanist,  and 
on  the  accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth  retired  to  Douai,  where  he 
died  May  9,  1597,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  St.  Jacques. 
He  was  a  Prebendary  of  Winchester  Cathedral,  and  wrote 
several  theological  treatises.  Among  other  Wykehamists  who 
quitted  England  about  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  reason 
are,  Thomas  Hardyng  (adm.  1528),  Treasurer  of  Salisbury 
Cathedral,  and  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew ;  John  Rastell 
(adm.  1543),  the  writer  against  Bishop  Jewell ;  John  Marshall 
(adm.  1545),  who  was  usher  under  Hyde,  and  became  a 
Canon  of  Lisle ;  John  Fen  (adm.  1547),  Master  of  Bury  St. 
Edmund's  school;  Owen  Lewse  (adm.  1547),  Archdeacon  of 
Cambrai,  Vicar-General  to  Cardinal  Borromeo,  and  Bishop  of 
Cassano,  1588-94 ;  Thomas  Stapleton  (adm.  1550),  poet  and 
translator ;  and  Richard  Whyte  (adm.  1553),  who  was  more 
than  thirty  years  Regius  Professor  at  Douai,  and  after  he  had 
successively  married  two  wives,  was  made  a  priest  by  the 
special  dispensation  of  Pope  Clement  VHI. 

In  1553  the  Society  began  to  keep  swans,  and  continued  to  do 
so  for  many  years,  until,  in  fact,  the  turkey  superseded  the  swan 
at  table. 

The  following  entries  occur  in  the  roll  of  this  year  : — 

*  Sol.  Will.  Arthyr  pro  compositione  stagnarii  (for  making  a  pond) 
pro  cignis  ij^  i]^ :  item  pro  cigno  et  captura  et  cariagio  cignorum 
ij**  ijd  :  item  ballivo  aquarum  (the  bishop's  water  bailiff)  pro  signa- 
tione  (for  nicking)  j  cigni  dat.  Collegio  hoc  anno  a  M"""  Watton,  25. : 
item  pro  hamo  ad  capiend.  cignos  xiij'^.' 

By  1556  the  stock  was  increased  to  '  thirteen  white  olde 
swannes,  and  four  of  the  present  yeare,'  and  a  few  years  later 
there  were  thirty-three,  '  some  white,  some  "ydyr  "V  i*  e.  cygnets. 
One  of  these  was  eaten  at  the  election  of  1574.  '  Sol.  ballivo 
aquarum  pro  j  cigno  vocat.  "  a  nestbyrde  "  iiij<^,  pro  contribu- 
tione  '^  ad   rete  compositum   pro   cignis  capiendis   iij^  et  pro 

^  Eider  or  downy. 

^  Showing  that  others  as  well  as  the  Warden  and  Fellows  kept  swans  at  this 
time. 


Warden  White.  277 

expensis  in  capiendis  cignis  viij^.'  Geese  appear  for  the  first 
time  (in  company  with  swans)  in  the  staurus  expensarum  of 
1600.     Forty  geese  cost  515. 

The  marriage  of  Queen  Mary  to  Philip  of  Spain  was  solem- 
nized in  Winchester  Cathedral,  July  25,  1554.  The  Queen 
awaited  Phihp  at  Wolvesey.  Philip,  on  his  arrival  from  South- 
ampton, where  he  landed,  was  lodged  at  the  Deanery.  After 
the  wedding,  the  bride  and  bridegroom  visited  the  College,  and 
were  received  according  to  precedent  with  copies  of  gratulatory 
Latin  Elegiacs.  Warden  White,  who  had  been  consecrated 
Bishop  of  Lincoln  on  the  ist  of  April  previously',  was  there, 
and  presented  a  copy  of  verses  of  his  own  making.  The  roll 
for  1554  has  been  borrowed  and  not  returned,  but  it  appears 
from  another  source  that  the  royal  couple  were  liberal : — 

£   s.   d. 

The  Kinge's  almes lo  16    8 

The  Queen's  almes  .        .        .        .        .        .        .        .        6  13    4 

My  lord  of  Chychester 100 

;^i8  10    o 

This  sum  of  money  was  disposed  of  as  follows  : — 

£  s.   d. 

To  the  schoolmaster  (Hyde) 200 

To  the  usher 100 

To  the  seventy  children i  15    o 

To  the  thirty  elder  children  for  makyng  verses   .        .  o  15    o 

To  the  sixteen  Queresters,  by  the  hands  of  Mr.  Crane  028 

Purdie,  writing  the  verses 020 

Joh.  Shellye  for  delyveryng  the  verses  to  the  Kynges 

and  Quenes  Highness o    i    o 

/5  15    8 

So  remayneth ;^i2  14    4' 

The  '  waterwork '  found  in  the  chamber  of  the  Warden  of 
New  College  in  1885,  when  the  same  was  being  converted  into 

*  An  entry  in  the  computus  roll  of  1555  of  i6s,  xo\d.  paid  for  aj  yards  of 
scarlet  cloth  '  ad  conficiendam  togam  talarem  pro  Episcopo  '  contains  a  reference 
to  him  in  this  character. 

'  Which  was  applied  in  fitting  up  the  '  Children's  hows '  at  Moundsmere  as 
stated,  ante,  p.  259. 


378  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

a  dormitory,  must  be  mentioned  in  this  place.  It  is  executed 
on  wainscot,  a  quantity  of  which  had  been  nailed  up  without 
regard  to  design,  in  order  to  form  a  partition,  and  then  hung 
with  canvas  which  was  covered  with  paper,  so  that  its  existence 
was  unknown  until  the  partition  was  taken  down.  The  panels 
as  a  rule  are  six  or  seven  feet  long,  by  eight  or  nine  inches  wide, 
though  some  are  shorter  and  broader.  The  design  on  each  of  the 
larger  panels  consists  of  a  pair  of  medallions  with  scroll  work 
on  either  side,  one  medallion  charged  with  the  letters  I  W, 
the  other  with  a  female  Tudor  head  coifed,  or  a  male  Spanish 
head  helmeted.  The  broader  panels  display  subjects  of  a  more 
ambitious  character,  generally  speaking  heraldic,  with  supports 
stencilled  in  a  free  and  flowing  outline,  and  various  mottoes, 
such  as  VIVE  LE  Roi,  spelled  roi,  roy,  and  roe,  and  others  of  a 
moral  nature,  such  as  tempus  quaerendi  est  tempus  amittendi 
and  VANiTAS  vanitatum  et  omnia  vanitas,  an  appropriate  motto 
for  a  wedding  if  we  remember  the  text,  '  Live  joyfully  with  the 
wife  whom  thou  lovest  all  the  days  of  the  life  of  thy  vanity,  which 
he  hath  given  thee  under  the  sun,  all  the  days  of  thy  vanity  ;  for 
that  is  thy  portion  in  this  life  and  in  thy  labour  which  thou 
takest  under  the  sun '  (Eccl.  ix.  9).  It  has  in  fact  been  surmised  \ 
having  regard  to  the  letters  I  W,  which  occur  on  nearly  every 
panel,  that  this  waterwork  was  executed  for  White  when  his 
lodgings  were  decorated  in  view  of  the  approaching  royal  visit  to 
Winchester.  It  is  true  that  White  was  Bishop  of  Lincoln  at 
the  time  of  the  wedding  (July  25),  but  his  successor  (Boxall) 
was  not  elected  until  October  29,  so  it  is  probable  that  he  was 
still  Warden  at  the  time.  There  is  no  reference  to  this  water- 
work  in  the  accounts  of  the  period,  that  I  have  been  able  to 
discover.  But  the  computus  for  1554,  the  year  of  the  royal 
visit,  is  missing. 

*  Proceedings  of  the  Socuty  of  Antiquaries,  and  series,  vol.  xi.  p.  196. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe  (1554-1582). 

Boxall,  Secretary  of  State. — George  TurbervyL — John  Munden. — Bishop  Under- 
bill.— Edmund  Hodson's  Epitaph. — His  legacy  for  poor  scholars. — Stempe's 
investments  in  land. — Queen  Elizabeth's  visit. — Dispensation  to  eat  flesh  on 
Wednesdays. — How  she  squeezed  the  Society. — Lord  Burghley's  steward- 
ship.— Com  rents. — Christopher  Jonson. — Watchlights. — Prestmoney. — 
Purchases  of  plate. — Theatricals  in  Hall. — Garnet,  the  Jesuit — Household 
expenses  in  1567. — Pitseus. — Deans  Tucker  and  Merydith. — Sir  Henry 
Martyn. — Owen  and  Heath  the  epigrammatists. — Serjeant  Hoskyns. — 
Richard  Heydocke. 

John  Boxall  (adm.  1538)  was  a  native  of  Bramshott  in  Hamp- 
shire. He  stood  high  in  the  favour  of  Queen  Mary,  who  made 
him  one  of  her  Secretaries  of  State,  and  Dean  of  Ely;  adding 
the  deaneries  of  Peterborough,  Norwich,  and  Windsor  when 
he  resigned  the  Wardenship  in  1556.  Queen  Ehzabeth,  on 
her  accession,  took  away  the  secretaryship  and  gave  it  to  Cecil, 
and  shortly  afterwards  Archbishop  Parker  sent  Boxall  to  the 
Tower,  where  he  remained  a  prisoner  till  a  little  before  his 
death  in  1571. 

George  Turbervyl  (adm.  1554),  of  Whitchurch  (Filton)  near 
Bristol,  left  early  and  read  for  the  Bar.  Becoming  Secretary 
of  Embassy  when  Sir  Thomas  Randolphs  was  ambassador  to 
the  Court  of  Muscovy,  he  occupied  his  spare  time  in  writing 
Songs  and  Sonnets,  and  in  1567  published  The  Heroy call  Epistles 
of  Publius  Ovidius  Naso  in  Englishe  Verse,  which  was  followed 
by  a  translation  of  the  Eclogues  of  Mantuanus  and  a  collection 
of  Tragical  Tales  from  the  Italian.  John  Munden  (adm.  1555) 
lost  his  fellowship  of  New  College  through  recusancy,  and 
suffered  at  Tyburn,  Feb.  12,  1581-2.  John  Underbill  (adm. 
1556)  became  Rector  of  Lincoln  College  and  Chaplain  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  was  made  Bishop  of  Oxford  in  1589,  after  the 
See  had  been  twenty-two  years  vacant. 


28o  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Edmund  Hodson  was  never  a  scholar  on  the  foundation,  but 
obtained  a  chaplaincy,  and  held  a  fellowship  of  Winchester  Col- 
lege from  1551  to  1580.    The  legend  on  his  brass  in  Cloisters  is : — 
*  Whoso  thou  art,  with  loving  harte 

Stonde,  reade,  and  thincke  on  me ; 
For  as  I  was,  so  now  thou  arte, 
And  as  I  am,  so  shalt  thou  be.' 

He  devised  to  the  College  a  rent-charge  of  £20  per  annum, 
issuing  out  of  a  farm  at  Marsworth,  Bucks,  for  the  benefit  of 
his  poor  kindred,  who  have  long  been  extinct,  and  then  of  poor 
scholars  of  Winchester  College.  *  Hodson's  legacy/  producing 
nearly  £40  a  year,  continues  to  be  applied  in  conformity  with 
the  will  of  the  donor. 

Thomas  Stempe  (adm.  1536)  succeeded  Boxall  in  1556.  He 
followed  Warden  Baker's  wise  policy,  buying  the  Callice  pro- 
perty at  Andover  in  1564,  and  two  years  later  a  house  and 
land,  known  as  Mangers,  in  the  same  parish,  which  had  for- 
merly been  the  endowment  of  the  Chantry  of  the  Virgin  Mary 
in  the  parish  church.  He  also  bought  Hawkley  mill  near  Liss 
in  Hampshire,  and  a  tenement  at  Alresford.  Later  still  he  in- 
vested £317  i8s.  gd.  in  the  purchase  of  the  tithe  and  advow- 
sons  of  the  impropriate  rectories  of  Slattenford  (now  Slaughter- 
ford),  Hartham,  and  Biddestone  St.  Nicholas  in  North  Wilts, 
which  had  belonged  to  Farleigh  Abbey.  Stempe  was  an  ac- 
complished scholar.  The  inscription  upon  his  brass  in  Cloisters* 
ran  thus : — 

*  Qui  jacet  hie  custos  viginti  quattuor  annos 

Praefuit,  at  qui  sit,  si  legis  ista,  scies. 
Voce  manuque  modos  didicit  formare  canoros: 

Addidit  huic  linguas  rhetoricamque  puer. 
Grandior,  ad  leges  civiles  ibat ;  in  illis 

Doctor  et  hinc  judex  non  sine  laude  fuit. 
Presbyter  in  sacris  scripturis  plurimus  haesit, 

Quas  populo  acceptas  plausibilesque  dedit 
Quid  memorem,  vita  quam  se  constanter  in  omni 
Praestitit,  et  fluxas  quam  prope  sprevit  opes? 
Obiit  nono  die  Feb.  1581.' 
According  to  Nicholas  ^  Queen  Elizabeth  visited  Winchester 
on  several  occasions.     In  the  first  considerable  progress  which 

'  It  has  disappeared,  but  was  there  in  1773,  when  Wilkes  wrote. 
'  Progresses  of  Queen  Elisabeth,  vol.  i. 


Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe.  a8i 

she  made  after  coming  to  the  crown,  she  visited  Winchester, 
but  without  coming  to  the  College.  Her  only  recorded  visit  to 
the  College  was  paid  ten  years  later,  in  1570.  She  was  greeted 
with  speeches  and  copies  of  Greek  and  Latin  verse  in  the 
customary  manner,  and  wine  and  money  were  distributed  to 
her  minstrels,  who  probably  gave  a  concert  in  the  College  hall : 
'  In  regardis  datis  tibicinibus  dnae  Reginae  cum  vino  ad  man- 
datum  vice  custodis  vij<i  iiij'i '  is  the  entry  in  the  bursars'  book. 
If  one  may  safely  infer  from  the  fact  of  the  Vicewarden  giving 
the  order  that  the  Warden  was  not  at  home  when  the  Queen 
came  to  the  College,  it  is  possible  that  this  uncourtier-like 
conduct  on  his  part,  unavoidable  as  it  doubtless  was,  may  have 
given  offence  and  led  to  the  Queen  avoiding  the  College  ever 
afterwards.  The  story  how  the  Queen  pointed  to  the  rod 
depicted  on  the  wall  of  the  old  schoolroom,  and  asked  the 
junior  whether  it  hurt  ?  and  how  the  junior  replied  in  the  words 
of  Aeneas  to  Dido,  '  Infandum,  regina,  jubes  renovare  dolorem,* 
is  told  in  connection  with  this  visit.  The  same  story  is  told  at 
Eton,  and  for  aught  I  know  at  other  schools.  The  story  how 
the  Eton  boys  were  known  as  King's  scholars  only,  till  Queen 
Elizabeth,  on  entering  the  hall  while  they  were  at  dinner, 
exclaimed  as  they  all  stood  up,  'Eat  on,  boys,'  is  no  doubt 
equally  apocryphal.  However,  though  she  displayed  no  great 
partiality  for  Winchester  College,  Elizabeth  paid  it  the  com- 
pliment of  permitting  the  services  in  chapel  to  be  in  Latin  for 
the  sake  of  making  the  scholars  better  acquainted  with  that 
tongue'.  A  few  years  later,  in  1563,  she  showed  her  tenderness 
for  the  health  of  the  Society  by  her  approval  of  a  dispensation 
granted  to  them  by  Archbishop  Parker  in  that  year  to  eat  flesh 
on  Wednesdays,  in  consideration  of  the  scarcity  and  high  price 
of  fresh  fish  and  the  unwholesomeness  of  salt ;  with  a  proviso 
that  all  should  dine  and  sup  in  Hall  on  that  day,  without 
guests,  and  bestow  13s.  ^d.  on  the  poor  every  Easter  Eve'. 

'  Strype,  I.  xviii.  The  Letters  patent,  dated  April  6,  1560,  under  which 
Elizabeth's  Latin  Prayer  Book  was  issued,  declared  it  to  be  intended  for  the 
universities  and  public  schools.  It  appears  that  in  1561  three  copies  of  the 
Communion  Service  in  Latin,  besides  the  Ten  Commandments,  a  Kalendar,  and 
three  copies  of  '  the  form  of  the  Litany  amended  and  corrected  '  as  authorised 
prifHo  Elizabethae  were  purchased  for  use  in  the  College  Chapel. 

*  The  dispensation  has  the  Archbishop's  broad  seal  attached  to  it,  and  is  signed 
'  Mattheus  Parker.'     Parliament  had  just  enacted  (Stat.  5  Eliz.  c.  5)  that  for  the 


282  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

And  about  the  same  time,  or  a  little  later,  she  was  induced  to 
issue  a  circular  to  her  officers  enjoining  them  to  spare  the 
College  trees  when  making  inquisition  for  navy  timber. 
Favours  such  as  these  were  purchased  at  a  dear  rate.  In  1581 
she  made  the  Society  grant  a  lease  to  her  of  the  rectory  of 
Downton,  as  a  provision  for  Thomas  Wilkes,  the  clerk  of  the 
Council,  to  whom  she  assigned  it.  We  do  not  possess  her 
letter  to  the  College — somebody  no  doubt  kept  it  for  the  sake 
of  the  autograph — but  we  possess  a  draft  of  the  reply  of  the 
Society,  protesting  and  excusing  themselves  from  compliance  ; 
and  a  packet  of  letters  from  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  Leicester, 
Walsingham  ^,  and  others  of  the  Council  (who  must  have  been 
anxious  to  get  Wilkes  provided  for)  counselling  the  Society  in 
plainer  and  plainer  language  to  be  compliant ;  and  lastly,  there 
is  the  counterpart  of  the  lease  granted  to  Her  Majesty  ^.  The 
same  sort  of  thing  happened  in  the  manor  of  Piddletrenthide. 
There  is  a  letter  from  the  Queen  to  the  Society  (July  i,  1579) 
asking  for  a  lease  of  Freelands  for  thirty-one  years.  Then 
there  is  a  letter  from  Leicester  (July  8,  1579)  to  say  that  the 
lease  is  wanted  for  a  Mr.  George  Young;  and  a  letter  from 
Walsingham,  who  says  that  neglect  to  satisfy  her  Majesty's 
desire  hath  procured  in  like  matters  her  heavy  displeasure 
against  sundry  Colleges  and  Fellowships ;  and  advises  the 
Society  to  yield  to  Mr.  Young  'some  such  liberall  gratuitie  as 
is  fitt  to  bee  offered  to  a  gentleman  of  his  qualitie  and  creditt, 
attending  dailie  about  her  Matie's  person.*  And  lastly,  there  is 
Young's  acquittance  for  £500  paid  to  him  by  Nicholas  Venables 
and  other  College  tenants  to  forbear  pressing  his  suit  ^  Young 
was  content  with  this  '  liberall  gratuitie ' :  but  her  insatiable 
Majesty  afterwards  insisted  upon  having  a  reversionary  lease 

increase  of  the  provision  of  sea  fish,  every  Wednesday  should  be  a  fish  day, 
as  well  as  Saturday.  The  bishop  or  curate,  however,  might  grant  a  dis- 
pensation. Parker  granted  a  similar  indulgence  to  resident  students  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge  in  1563. 

'  He  was  Lord  High  Steward  of  Winchester,  and  procured  a  charter  for  that 
city  in  1587. 

*  The  Warden  sealed  the  lease  (which  was  for  forty  years)  and  sent  it  up  to 
the  Council  with  a  request  that  it  might  not  be  taken  as  a  precedent.  (Domestic 
State  Papers,  vol.  clii,  March  13,  1581-2.) 

'  Venables  was  lessee  of  the  Manor  Farm ;  and  what  he  and  the  other 
tenants  did  was  to  club  together  and  advance  £500  to  Young  out  of  the  money 
which  should  have  gone  to  pay  the  fines  on  the  next  renewal  of  their  leases. 


Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe.  283 

for  twenty  years,  from  i  June,  1603,  of  the  same  property,  and 
assigned  it  to  Ferdinando  Leybourne,  another  gentleman  about 
the  Court,  in  June,  1597.  Leybourne  must  have  been  satisfied 
in  the  same  way  as  Young  was;  for  both  this  lease  and  the 
assignment  to  Leybourne  are  in  the  muniment  room  cancelled. 
Upon  the  latter  instrument  is  a  note  by  Chief  Justice  Flemyng 
for  the  Queen's  information  : — 

*  This  conteyneth  an  assignment  to  be  made  by  yor  Matie  to  yof 
servant  Ferdinando  Leybourne  of  ye  farm  of  Piddletrenthide  and 
other  lands  in  ye  Countie  of  Dorset,  demised  to  yor  Matie  by  ye 
Colledge  of  Winchester,  ...  to  ye  intent  that  yor  matie  might 
assign  it  to  ye  said  Ferdinando.' 

Yet  the  Society  had  a  friend  at  Court  in  the  person  of  Secre- 
tary Cecil,  afterwards  Lord  Burghley.  This  statesman  may 
have  had  some  family  connection  with  the  College^  At  any 
rate  he  took  interest  enough  in  its  affairs  to  accept  the  office  of 
Steward  of  its  manors,  an  office  which  he  accepted  in  1566  and 
held  until  his  death  in  1598,  drawing  the  customary  fee  of  £5 
and  performing  the  duties  by  deputy.  '  Willmo  Seycill  militi, 
secretario  Dnae  Reginae  et  senescallo  terrarum  Coll.  primario, 
pro  feodo  suo  debito  in  festi  S.  Mychls  ArchI  v^ '  occurs  in  the 
bursars'  book  of  1567,  and  is  the  first  of  a  long  series  of  similar 
entries.  In  1587  he  had  a  special  fee  of  £20  '  in  regardo  favoris 
et  auxilii  in  negocio  Collegii,'  and  in  1595  he  had  another  fee 
of  the  same  amount  '  in  causa  pro  Stoke  Park,*  and  £5  *  pro 
relaxandis  quindecimis' — for  getting  the  College  exempted 
from  a  fifteenth  that  was  then  about  to  be  levied  by  pleading 
the  Charter  of  Privileges. 

It  may  well  be  the  case  that  Burghley's  interest  in  the 
College  led  him  to  give  the  support  which  he  gave  to  Sir 
Thomas  Smith's''  Act  (18  Eliz.  c.  6)  that  a  third  part  of  the 
rent  upon  leases  made  by  Colleges  should  be  reserved  in  corn, 
paying  after  the  rate  of  6s.  8</.  per  quarter  for  wheat  and  55.  per 
quarter  for  malt.  This  corn  the  tenants  were  to  deliver  yearly, 
or  to  pay  the  value  thereof  after  the  rate  of  the  best  wheat  and 
malt  in  the   markets  of  Oxford,   Cambridge,    Winchester,   or 

*  A  Thomas  Sissild  (sic),  bom  at  Calne  in  1518,  and  consequently  two  years 
his  senior,  was  nominated  to  College  in  1531. 

"  Provost  of  Eton  1547-54,  a"d  Secretary  of  State  under  Queen  Mary. 


284  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Windsor,  as  the  case  might  be,  on  the  market  day  next  before 
the  day  on  which  the  rent  was  payable  \  The  measure  was  most 
beneficial  to  Colleges,  for  as  Fuller  says  '^,  '  though  their  rents 
stand  still,  their  revenues  do  increase,  and  when  corn  is  dearest, 
rents  are  highest.'  It  was  a  way  of  making  the  rent  vary  with 
the  price  of  corn,  without  abolishing  the  old  rent,  which  seems 
to  have  been  regarded  as  too  sacred  a  thing  to  be  disturbed  at 
the  time  when  the  Statute  passed,  although  old  leases  are  not 
renewable  by  law  or  custom,  as  many  a  lessee  in  recent  times 
has  found  to  his  cost  ^ 

After  Burghley's  death  the  Steward's  fee  of  £5  was  regarded 
by  successive  Lord  Treasurers  as  a  perquisite  of  office  *,  and 
continued  to  be  paid  to  them  until  the  great  Rebellion.  We 
shall  see  anon  how  Clarendon  received  it  after  the  Restoration. 

Christopher  Jonson,  or  Johnson  (adm.  1549),  succeeded 
Hyde  as  schoolmaster  in  1560.      He  owed  his  nomination  to 

*  A  similar  provision  touching  seed  corn  occurs  in  a  lease  of  the  Manor  of 
Colthrop,  Berks,  granted  in  9  Hen.  V  by  the  College  to  John  Godfather  for 
a  term  of  ten  years.  '  Et  ulterius  quod  predictus  Johannes  in  principio  firme 
sue  recipiet  de  prefatis  custode  etc.  viij  quarterias  frumenti  precio  cuiuslibet 
quarterie  v' :  v  quart,  ordei  precio  cuiuslibet  quart,  iiij' :  et  v  quart  avenarum 
precio  cuiuslibet  quart,  ij' ;  et  omnia  predicta  grana  in  fine  termini  sui  predicti 
reliberabit  predict,  custodi  vel  successoribus  vel  precium  eorundem  ad  discre- 
cionem  dicti  custodis  vel  successorum  suorum.' 

*  History  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  §  viii. 

^  The  Act  operated  thus  : — Suppose  a  case  in  which  the  '  ancient  accustomed 
rent '  as  the  Act  calls  it,  was  jTio  a  year.  Then  one-third  is  yds  6s.  8rf.  equiva- 
lent to  (say) ; — 

£  ^.    d. 
Seven  qrs.  wheat,  at  6s.  Qd.  .  .  .  a    6    8 

Four  qrs.  of  malt,  at  5s.         .  .  .  .  100 


This  at  the  prices  of  1890  would  be  : — 
Seven  qrs.  of  wheat,  at  34s. 


/:3    6    8 


Four  qrs.  malt,  at  40s. 


So  that  a  College  would  receive  : — 
Two-thirds  of  old  rent 
In  lieu  of  remaining  third 

Or  instead  of  (^10 

*  Warden  Harmar,  writing  to  Salisbury  with  an  offer  of  the  oflSce  of  High 
Steward  of  the  College,  describes  it  as  always  offered  to  the  High  Treasurer  of 
England;  Domestic  State  Papers,  vol.  xxxii,  May,  24  1608. 


II 

18 

0 

8 

0 

0 

O9 

18 

0 

6 

13 

4 

19 

18 

0 

£u6 

II 

4 

Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe.  285 

Thomas  Bassett,  a  Fellow,  who  died  August  23,  1555,  to  whom 
he  put  up  a  brass  in  Cloisters  (which  has  disappeared),  with  the 
following  inscription : — 

*Hic,  Bassete,  jaces  nullo  memorandus  in  aevo 

Si  tua  in  heredes  gratia  sola  foret. 
Nunc,  quia  me  gratis  Vicecustos  esse  scolarem 

Jusseris,  hoc  gratis  praesto  tibi  officium. 
Teque  legent  alii,  ut  tua  quanquam  O !  facta  sequantur, 

Et  moniti  dicant,  Optima,  viva  Deo.' 

According  to  Antony  Wood,  Johnson  was  '  an  excellent  poet, 
philosopher,  and  physician.'  He  dabbled  in  physic  while 
schoolmaster;  and  after  his  resignation  in  1571  he  practised 
medicine  in  London  with  good  success,  according  to  Wood, 
until  his  death  in  1597.  He  wrote  in  Latin  elegiac  verse  dis- 
tichs  on  the  Wardens  and  schoolmasters  from  the  beginning  to 
his  own  time,  which  seem  inspired  by  the  Tetrastichs  of  Auso- 
nius ;  a  poem  on  the  Founder,  and  *  De  Scola  Collegiata  Wic- 
camica,'  in  Latin  hexameters,  which  is  often  quoted  in  this 
work. 

Under  custus  dotnorum,  in  1561,  occur  the  following  items  : — 

*  Pro  cylindro  (a  garden  roller),  xij*  :  in  ix  modiis  calcis  adustae 
consumpt.  in  dealbacione  claustri  iij* :  pro  composicione  ly  whele- 
barrow  xij"! :  pro  x  duodenis  candelanim  pro  cubiculis  puerorum  et 
choristarum  xxv* :  pro  xxiiij  duodenis  ly  watchlyghts  ^  xlviij*.' 

Custus  coquinae  in  1562  : — 

*A  garnysse  of  pewter,  comprising  twenty-four  plates  (disci),  twelve 
dishes  (paropsides),  and  twelve  cruets  (acetabula)  for  the  scholars' 
tables,  weighing  83J  lbs,,  at  gd.  per  lb.,  ;^3  2s.  qd.  A  copper  pot 
weighing 65  lbs.,  at  iid.  per  lb.,  59s.  'jd. ;  a  brass  ladle,  2od. ;  a  marble 
mortar,  25. ;  two  firkins  for  vinegar  or  milk,  2.od.  John  Page,  the 
London  carrier,  had  115.  for  the  carriage  of  fish,  hops,  spices,  and  a 
piaca '  of  raisins,  weighing  5I  cwt.^ ' 

•  A  sort  of  rush-light.  Gilbert  White,  in  his  Natural  History  ofSelbome,  says 
of  watch-lights : — '  The  wicks  of  these  have  two  ribs  of  the  rind  or  peel  to 
support  the  pith,  while  the  wick  of  the  dipped  rush  has  but  one.  The  two  ribs 
are  intended  to  impede  the  progress  of  the  flame  and  make  the  candle  last.' 
This  sort  of  rush-light  is  still  burnt  in  a  functior  over  the  fire-places  in  the 
scholars'  chambers  during  the  night 

'  This  word  is  still  used  in  the  trade  in  a  similar  sense. 

'  Compare  this  rate  of  as.  per  cwL  with  the  rate  of  75.  ^d.  per  cwL  for  hops 
in  1645 ;  ante,  p.  250. 


a86  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Custus  armorum  in  1562  : — 

*  Prest-money '  for  three  soldiers,  7s.  dd. ;  seven  and  a  quarter 
yards  of  scarlet  cloth,  at  6s.  9^. — 49s.;  three  swords  and  three 
daggers  (pugiones),  315.  &/. ;  "  reduct  money,"  205. ;  expenses  of 
Walter  Stempe  and  our  three  soldiers  at  Portsmouth  during  two 
days,  los.' 

Four  corslets  had  been  bought  in  1560  for  £6  8s. 

The  horse  which  the  Society  swopped  for  another  in  1564 
must  surely  have  been  called  '  Bacchus  *  by  the  more  learned 
portion  of  the  Society  : — *  Item  pro  excambio  unius  equi  vocati 
"bakehowse"  xxxjs  iiij<^.*  The  horse  which  was  acquired  by 
the  exchange  was  worth  £8.  In  1565  they  took  another  horse 
off  the  hands  of  Christopher  Jonson  for  £3.  But  the  cheapest 
horse  was  one  which  they  bought  at  Andover  of  a  poor  man 
who  was  in  jail  there.  The  amount  of  the  innkeeper's  lien  for 
the  keep  of  the  horse  had  to  be  discharged  before  the  horse 
could  be  removed  : — 

'Sol,  cuidam  incarcerato  in  plena  solucione  pro  equo  empt.  ab 
eodem  cum  sella  et  freno  xxxiij^  iiij^.  Item  pro  pabulo  eiusdem  equi 
apud  Andover  a  tempore  quo  idem  incarceratus  attachiatus  est,  v^.' 

That  the  Society's  affairs  were  prosperous  at  that  period 
may  be  gathered  from  the  frequent  references  to  purchases  of 
silver.  Four  silver  cups  and  a  'bolle,'  together  with  a  new 
'sigillum  manuale,'  or  common  seaP,  were  bought  in  1565  for 
£  14  9s.  2A'  over  and  above  the  value  of  old  plate  given  in  ex- 
change. It  is  this  practice  of  giving  old  plate  in  exchange  for 
new  that  has  robbed  Colleges  of  more  plate  than  the  confisca- 
tions of  Edward  VI  or  the  requisitions  of  Charles  I.  As 
often  as  new  spoons  and  forks  are  wanted,  away  go  the  old 
spoons  and  forks  to  the  melting  pot,  with  a  tankard  or  a  salt  or 
two  thrown  in  to  pay  for  the  workmanship.  And  these  the 
silversmith  knows  better  than  to  melt  in  the  present  demand  for 
old  silver.  In  1583  the  Society  bought  three  silver  '  beere 
cuppes,' parcel  gilt,  with  lids,  a  'pousshe  pot'  for  wine,  and 

'  Money  paid  in  advance  as  earnest,  liice  the  recruit's  shilling  now-a-days,  or 
for  the  soldier  to  be  ready  to  march  at  command.  '  There's  your  press-money,' 
King  Lear,  Act  iv.  Sc.  6,  where  the  reading  should  be  'prest-money.'  '  Prest ' 
means  'ready,'  hsit.  paraius.  'He  maketh  His  angels  as  heralds  to  go,  and 
lightnings  to  serve,  we  see  also  prest.' — Psalm  civ.  O.  V. 

'  In  the  custody  of  the  Warden,  but  no  longer  used. 


Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe.  287 

twelve  spoons,  weighing  in  all  96  oz.,  at  55.  per  oz. ;  a  silver- 
gilt  salt,  with  lid,  for  the  Warden's  table,  weighing  19^^  oz.,  at 
7s.  per  oz. ;  twelve  silver-gilt  spoons,  engraved  *  W.  E.,'  weigh- 
ing igi\  oz.,  at  5s.  8i/.  ;  four  tankards,  engraved  with  the 
founder's  arms,  weighing  82^  oz.,  at  55.  6d.  per  oz.,  for  the 
Fellows'  table;  and  five  'stoupes/  weighing  loi^  oz. ;  six 
*  holies,'  weighing  55  oz. ;  five  tankards,  weighing  77  oz. ;  and 
one  *  beere  cuppe,'  weighing  15J  oz.  :  all  at  5s.  6d.  per  oz. 

An  allusion  to  theatricals  at  Christmas  occurs  in  the  accounts 
of  the  year  1565,  through  the  accident  of  some  part  of  the 
expense  of  the  performance  having  been  borne  by  the  College 
in  that  year : — '  In  exp.  fact,  circa  ludos  in  feriis  nataliciis  xj^ 
vj<^.'  These  theatricals  had  taken  the  place  of  the  festival  of 
the  boy-bishop.  In  the  following  year  there  was  a  riot,  and  no 
performance,  but  whether  there  was  no  performance  in  con- 
sequence of  the  riot,  or  a  riot  in  consequence  of  there  being  no 
performance,  is  not  recorded.  The  scholars  broke  the  lantern 
looking  down  the  staircase  of  Hall,  and  the  locks  and  keys  and 
hinges  of  the  doors,  and,  which  is  scarcely  credible,  smashed 
to  pieces  three  of  the  scholars'  tables. 

*  Sol.  Will'*  vitreatori  pro  reparacione  lanternae  infixae  muro 
ad  ingressum  aulae  super  gradus  iiij*^  .  .  .  item  Job.  Chitte  pro 
emendatione  clavium,  serarum  et  aliorum  ferramentorum  circa  fores 
aulae  fractorum  per  scholares  in  Xti  natalitiis  xiji^.  .  .  .  item  Nicholao 
Carpentario  laboranti  p.  ix  dies  capient.  per  diem  vij*  et  Radulpho 
Joyner  laborant.  p.  iij  dies  cum  apprenticio  suo,  capient.  per  diem  pro 
se  x^  et  pro  apprenticio  suo  iiiji^  in  componend.  tribus  novis  mensis 
pro  scholaribus  et  pro  emendand.  soleis  subter  easdem  viij^  iij*  .  .  . 
Pro  glutino  (glue)  occupat.  in  opere  supradict.  vj"*.' 

Another  reference  to  theatricals,  which  lasted  three  days, 
occurs  in  the  books  of  1574  : — 

'  Pro  diversis  expensis  circa  scaffoldam  (stage)  erigendam  et 
deponendam,  et  pro  domunculis  (scenery  ?)  de  novo  compositis  cum 
carriagio  et  recarriagio  ly  joysts  et  aliorum  mutuatorum  ad  eandem 
scaffoldam  ;  cum  vij'^  pro  ly  links  et  j  duoden.  candelarum  pro 
lumine  exp.  iij  noctibus  in  ludis  comoediarum  et  tragoediarum 
xxv^  viijd.' 

It  would  be  in  vain  to  inquire  what  plays  the  scholars  acted 
on  these  three  nights.    A  list  of  plays  acted  by  the  children  of 


288  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

St.  Paul's  School  at  that  period  is  given  in  Dr.  Simpson's 
Gleanings  from  Old  St.  PaiiFs,  p,  113. 

The  organ  was  removed  from  Chapel  to  Hall  during  these 
theatricals. 

The  stones  of  St.  Elizabeth's  College  having  been  by  this 
time  used  in  building  Meads  Wall  and  repairs  about  the  Col- 
lege, the  Society  after  the  year  1565  had  recourse  to  the  ruins 
of  Hyde  Abbey  and  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  paying  Richard  Bethell, 
the  owner  of  Hyde  Abbey,  for  what  stone  they  got  there,  and 
obtaining  leave  to  dig  in  the  foundations  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey. 
The  following  entries  in  the  accounts  of  the  year  1566  have 
reference  to  this  subject : — 

'  Sol.  M'"  Bethell  pro  ij  ly  tunnes  magnorum  lapidum  in  stauro 
habendo  (to  keep  in  stock)  pro  reparacione  caminorum  in  coquina  et 
aliorum  operum  xx*  .  .  .  Item  Ric.  Lydford  pro  aggregacione 
predict,  lapidum  apud  Hyde  viij'^  ....  Item  Thome  Borman  pro 
effodiendo  ij  bigat.  lapidum  in  monasterio  de  Maria  xxj<^.' 

All  that  was  above  ground  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey  had,  it  seems, 
disappeared  by  this  time. 

The  cost  of  a  grindstone,  described  as  '  aquatica  rota  rotunda 
ad  acuenda  instrumenta  carpentarii '  in  the  Bursars'  book  of 
1574,  was  35. 

Henry  Garnet,  the  Jesuit,  who  suffered  at  Tyburn,  in  1606, 
for  complicity  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  which  is  said  to  have 
been  revealed  to  him  under  the  seal  of  confession  ^,  entered 
College  in  the  year  1567.  A  note  in  the  margin  of  the  Register 
asserts  that  he  left  the  School  in  disgrace,  but  gives  no  par- 
ticulars. Fuller^  alleges  that  Garnet  was  guilty  (amongst  other 
things)  of  conspiring  to  cut  off  Bilson  the  schoolmaster's  right 
hand.  Evidently  Bilson  did  not  flog  left-handed.  A  silly 
story,  perhaps,  but  evidence  that  Garnet  was  one  of  the  senior 
boys  when  he  was  expelled,  inasmuch  as  Bilson  did  not  become 
schoolmaster  till  the  year  1571. 

Some  of  the  items  in  the  staurus  expensarum  for  1567  may 
be  quoted  here  : — 

Oxen  and  heifers,  forty-two,  value,  ;^i27  ids.  lod. ;  besides  one  ox 
from  Eling,  (a  heriot)  a  heifer  from  the  tenant  at  Huntborne,  and 
three  old  cows  from  Stoke  Park. 

•  Bishop  Challenor's  Missiotiary  Priests,  Martyrs  to  the  Catholic  Faith,  p.  303. 
'  Church  History,  X.  xvii. 


Wardens  Boxall  and  Stempe. 


289 


Sheep,  7CX3,  value  ^157  19s.  id. ;  whereof  thirty-nine  were  resold, 

two  were  given  to  the  prisoners  in  gaol,  one  was  cooked  and  eaten 
at  Stoke  Park  when  the  new  granary  was  built '  and  one  died. 

Calves,  forty-two,  and  three  from  Thomas  Smith,  the  lessee  of 
Allington,  in  part  of  rent. 

£  s.   d. 

Brawn  and  pork 144 

Salt  fish  and  Lenten  victuals 26  12    4 

Hops,  7I  cwt 7  10    8 

Rabbits,  38  dozen  and  four  couple 13  lo    9 

Cheese,  9I  cwt -.        .        .  738 

Sugar,  52  lb.  2  oz 2    6    9^ 

Raisins,  prunes  and  figs 6    5    o| 

Spices 3  18    7 

Beans,  i  qr.  6  bus 142 

Mustard,  i  bushel 068 

Vinegar  and  verjuice i  11    9 

Olive  oil I  15    o 

Bay  and  table  salt  ^ i  14    o 

Charcoal,  28  loads 798 

Talwood,  7600  logs 5  13    4 

Besides  7200  logs  from  Stoke  Park,  and  iioo  from 
Allington. 

Faggots,  8000 10  18    4 

Candles,  20  doz.  lbs.  in  Hall 2  10    o 

„          8        „           Chapel o  16    o 

„        10        „            Chambers.         .        .        .        .  100 

„        23^      „        watchlights 270 

Wax  candles  for  Warden's  table  at  Christmas,  4  lbs.   .  018 

The  carriage  from  Holborn  Bridge  of  the  following  groceries, 
weighing  in  all  8  cwt.  i  qr.,  cost  i6s.  6d.  in  1568  :  Two  pieces  of 
raisins,  29  lbs.  sugar,  4  lbs.  almonds,  2  lbs.  rice,  3  drums 
(capnelli)  of  figs,  20  lbs.  prunes,  i  cask  of  eels. 

John  Pits  (Pitseus),  the  author  oi  De  Illustribus  Angliae  Scrip- 
toribus,  a  native  of  Alton  in  Hampshire,  was  a  scholar  of  the 
year  1571.  His  mother  was  a  sister  of  Nicholas  Sanders,  the 
Jesuit.  William  Tucker,  of  Exeter,  and  Richard  Merydith,  of 
Bath,  were  scholars  of  the  year  1573,  and  became  Deans  of 

*  This  was  a  building  of  timber  ssjft.  long,  which  had  cost  £3  115.  ^d.  to 
erect,  and  155.  lod.  for  felling  and  tarring  the  timber. 

■■'  From  the  salterns  at  Lymington,  where  the  brine  was  evaporated  in 
pans.  The  inside  of  a  saltern  at  Lymington  with  the  manner  of  making  salt  is 
depicted  in  Rowlandson's  Tour  in  a  Post-Chaise,  1782. 

U 


290  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Lichfield  and  Wells  respectively.  Henry  Mart}^!,  a  scholar  of 
the  year  1577,  became  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court  and  Dean 
of  Arches,  and  finally  Judge  of  the  Prerogative  Court.  John 
Owen,  of  Bettws  Garmon,  a  scholar  of  the  same  year,  was  the 
epigrammatist.  After  graduating  at  New  College,  he  became 
master  of  a  free  grammar  school  near  Monmouth,  and  in  1594 
obtained  the  mastership  of  a  similar  school  at  Warwick.  He 
died  poor  in  1622,  having  been,  according  to  the  story,  struck 
out  of  the  will  of  a  rich  uncle  who  disapproved  of  his  epigrams, 
especially  this  one  : — 

'  An  Petrus  fuerat  Romae  sub  judice  lis  est : 
Simonem  Romae  nemo  fuisse  negat^.' 

John  Heath,  his  senior  by  a  few  years  (he  was  admitted  in 
1569),  published  Two  Centuries  of  Epigrammes  in  1610,  with  a 
dedication  to  Bishop  Bilson. 

John  Hoskyns,  a  scholar  of  1579,  was  expelled  from  New 
College  in  the  year  1593,  for  insolence  in  the  character  of 
Terrae  Filius  or  University  Buffoon  ^,  but  marrying  a  rich  wife, 
went  to  the  Bar,  and  became  a  serjeant-at-law  and  justice 
itinerant  of  Wales,  dying  in  1628.  The  verses  on  the  Trusty 
Servant  have  been  attributed  to  him  (Rev.  J.  E.  Jackson,  Notes 
and  Queries,  ist  sen  vi.  495). 

Richard  Heydocke  (adm.  1580),  of  Greywell  in  Hampshire, 
gained  notoriety  by  pretending  to  preach  in  his  sleep,  inveighing 
against  the  Pope,  the  hierarchy,  and  the  use  of  the  cross  in 
baptism.  James  I,  in  his  princely  wisdom,  discerned  the  fraud. 
Heydocke  lived  to  a  great  age  in  Salisbury,  practising  physic 
there,  and  was  moreover  an  excellent  poet,  limner,  and 
surgeon '. 

^  He  was  also  author  of  the  following : — 

*  Plurimus  in  caelis  amor  est,  connubia  nulla : 
Conjugia  in  terris  plurima,  nullus  amor.' 
'  See  Diary  of  John  Evelyn,  July  lo,  1669,  for  his  opinion  of  this  part  of  the 
Encaenia. 
^  Stow,  Annals,  1605. 


CHAPTER    XVII. 
Warden  Bilson  (1582-1596). 

Bilson's  career. — Schoolmaster,  Warden,  Bishop. — He  detects  a  forgery. — 
Truant  Scholars. — Bishop  Lake. — Thomas  Bastarde. — Ralph  Bayley. — 
Bath  waters. — Lydiat — The  Whytes. — Twisse  of  Newbury. — Sir  Thomas 
Ryves. — The  Coryats. — Use  of  forks  at  table. — Price  of  pewter. — Plague  in 
1594. — Dr.  Grent — Greek  mendicants. 

Thomas  Bilson  (adm.  1559)  was,  like  Stempe,  a  native  of 
Winchester.  He  was  schoolmaster  at  the  date  of  his  appoint- 
ment, having  succeeded  Christopher  Jonson  in  1571  at  the 
early  age  of  23  \  He  was  the  first  Protestant  Warden,  and  the 
first  married  one.  Having  distinguished  himself  in  1593  by  a 
work  entitled  The  Perpetual  Government  of  Christ's  Church,  he 
was  raised  to  the  See  of  Worcester  in  1596,  and  translated  to 
Winchester  in  the  following  year.  Under  James  I  he  was  a 
Privy  Councillor.  He  died  June  18,  1616,  and  was  buried  in 
Westminster  Abbey.  According  to  the  Biographia  Britannica^ 
he  '  did  a  very  important  service  to  the  College  by  preserving 
the  revenues  of  it  when  they  were  like  to  be  swallowed  up  by  a 
notorious  forgery.'  An  account  of  this  forgery  which  im- 
perilled the  title  to  some  College  property  at  Downton,  and  of 
its  detection  by  Bilson,  will  be  found  in  the  preface  to  his  work, 
entitled  The  True  Difference  between  Christian  Subjection  and 
Unchristian  Rebellion.  A  bag  of  writings  labelled  '  Fanstone's 
Forgeries '  is  preserved  in  the  muniment  room.  The  documents 
in  it  were  given  up  when  the  author  of  the  fraud  was  restrained 
by  the  injunction  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  from  prosecuting  his 
claim  to  the  property  in  dispute. 

Nothing  that  occurred  during  Bilson's  mastership  is  recorded, 

*  He  had  testimonials  from  Archbishop  Parker  and  the  Bishops  of  London 
(Sandys)  ;  Ely  (Cox) ;  Rochester  (Gheast) ;  and  Chichester  (Curtis\ 

U  2 


2^2  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

beyond  the  fact  that  in  the  year  1579  some  of  the  scholars  ran 
away  and  were  brought  back  by  one  of  the  Fellows  who  rode 
after  the  truants.  The  tale  of  their  grievance,  whatever  it  was, 
reached  the  Court  either  of  the  Queen  or  the  bishop,  and  two 
of  the  Fellows  went  up  to  London  about  it : — 

*  Pro  exp.  M**  Bolles  et  Job.  Budde  equitantium  ad  reducendos 
scolares  aufugientes,  x*  x*  .  .  .  .  Item  pro  exp.  MP^  Chaundler  et 
M"  Bolles  equitant.  cum  duobus  famulis  ad  curiam  circa  querelas 
scolarium,  xxxv^  j*.' 

What  the  result  of  their  journey  was  is  not  recorded. 

Custus  armorum  in  1581 : — '  Pro  bombardo  xj*  vj<J :  ijlb.  pul- 
veris  sulfurei  ij^  viij<i:  pro  coruscando  (burnishing)  ly  head- 
piece, vjd.  Item  Loricke,  militi  conducto,  pro  ly  prest-money  ^ 
et  pro  regardo  in  progressu  suo  xj^  viij^.'  Loricke  was  the 
College  contingent  to  the  royal  train  band,  and  his  retaining  fee 
and  allowance  for  the  annual  muster  came  to  this  sum.  Five 
years  later  there  were  two  of  these  men,  Bufforde  and  Carleton  ; 
and  they  had  between  them  8d.  for  prest-money  and  8s.  '  pro 
diebus  servitii.' 

Arthur  Lake  (or  Lakes),  a  scholar  of  1581,  became  Warden 
of  New  College,  and  rose  to  be  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells 
(1618-24).  He  founded  a  library  in  the  vestry  of  Bath  Abbey 
Church,  which  Bishop  Ken  endowed  with  160  volumes,  chiefly 
of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  authors,  and  added  a  large  number 
of  books,  to  the  library  of  New  College.  The  portrait  of  Lake 
in  the  hall  there  was  painted  in  1627  by  Greenbury,  from  the 
original  by  Cornelius  Jansen. 

Thomas  Bastarde  (adm.  1582)  was  an  epigrammatist  only 
second  to  Owen.     His  epigram  on  his  three  wives  runs  thus : — 

*Terna  mihi  variis  juncta  est  aetatibus  uxor, 
Haec  juveni,  ilia  viro,  tertia  nupta  seni. 
Prima  est  propter  opus  teneris  mihi  juncta  sub  annis, 
Altera  propter  opes,  tertia  propter  opem.' 

Custus  stabult  in  1582  : — 

'John  Lyon,  saddler,  for  a  new  saddle,  with  bridle,  &c.  (harnessiae), 
13s.  ^d. ;  three  headstalls,  4s.  6d. ;  physic  for  Warden's  horse  and  one 
of  the  College  horses,  i6d. ;  eleven  dozen  cakes  of  horsebread,  115.; 
forty-five  shoes,  115.  ^d.;  forty-seven  removes,  3s.  iid.;  a  load  of 
straw,  5s. ;  a  horse  at  grass  fourteen  weeks,  145. ;  four  horsecloths, 
85.' 

»  Ante,  p.  286. 


Warden  Bilson.  293 

Ralph  Bayley  (adm.  1583)  practised  medicine  at  Bath,  and  is 
described  in  the  local  guide  as  a  profound  judge  of  wine,  an 
epicure,  and  a  lover  of  sport.  He  is  buried  in  Widcombe  old 
churchyard.  The  first  reference  to  the  Bath  waters  occurs  in 
the  Bursars'  book  of  1584,  in  the  shape  of  a  grant  to  a  poor 
man  named  Haycrofte  from  the  parish  of  St.  Faith,  who  seems 
to  have  been  sent  to  Bath  by  subscription.  The  Society  sent  a 
kitchen  lad  to  Bath  in  1601,  for  the  cure  of  his  malady,  which 
was  probably  rheumatism.  The  place  is  elegantly  called  'Baiae' 
in  the  Bursars'  books  of  the  last  century  ^ 

A  visit  from  the  Earl  of  Leicester  in  1583  is  thus  noticed  : — 

*  Sol.  Joh.  Hinckes  laboranti  iij  dies  et  dim.  in  purgandis  diversis 
locis  in  adventu  DnI  Comitis  Lecester  xj'^.' 

Thomas  Lydiat,  of  Allington,  the  unfortunate  scholar  im- 
mortalized by  Dr.  Johnson  in  his  Vanity  of  Human  Wishes,  was 
admitted  in  1584,  and  succeeded  to  New  College  as  a  matter 
of  course,  being  a  founder's  kinsman.  Poetry  apart,  Lydiat 
was  a  man  to  be  envied  of  other  poor  scholars,  with  his  pro- 
vision for  life  in  New  College.  However,  he  got  into  difficulties 
through  being  surety  for  a  friend,  and  lay  in  Bocardo  till 
Warden  Pinke  and  others  laid  down  the  money  and  released 
him.  Then  he  threw  up  his  Fellowship,  and  when  he  published 
his  great  unmarketable  work  on  chronology,  Emendaiio  Tent- 
porum  ab  initio  mundihuc  usque  compendio  facta  contra  Scaligerum 
et  alios,  he  was  nearly  or  quite  destitute.  Archbishop  Usher, 
who  had  subscribed  to  get  him  out  of  Bocardo,  obtained  for 
him  a  small  appointment  in  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  but  he 
threw  it  up,  and  returning  to  England,  existed  on  the  living  of 
Alkerton,  Oxon,  until  his  death  in  1646. 

Josiah  Whyte  (adm.  1584)  and  his  brother  John  (adm.  1587) 
were  Puritan  divines  of  eminence.  Josiah  held  the  New  College 
living  of  Hornchurch,  and  John  was  Chaplain  of  the  Savoy 
and  Rector  of  Holy  Trinity,  Dorchester.  The  latter  was 
known  as  the  Patriarch  of  Dorchester;  and,  as  we  shall  see 
later  on,  might  have  been  intruded  as  Warden  at  Winchester, 
if  Harris  had  possessed  less  tact  and  judgment. 


'  Another  Wykehamist,  Dr.  John  Peirce  (adm.  1750},  was  a  leading  physician 
here  for  many  years. 


294  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Thomas  James  (adm.  1586)  was  appointed  first  Bodley's 
librarian  in  1612. 

In  the  Bursars'  book  of  1587,  arrows  and  quivers,  muskets 
and  gunpowder,  are  jumbled  together  under  custus  armorum: — 

'  Sol.  Ragget  et  Tarleton,  militibus  conductis,  pro  ly  prest  money 
ij';  pro  ly  muskett,  viij";  pro  j  lb.  match,  viij'i;  pro  spiculis  et 
emendacione  sagittarum  xij^ ;  pro  ly  calyver  cum  pertinentiis,  xiv'  ; 
pro  pharetra,  viij^  ;  pro  j  lb.  pulveris  sulfurei,  xyj* ;  pro  yj  calyvers, 
yj  westcotes,  ij  musketts,  xxxvj'.' 

At  this  time  Belchamber,  the  College  armourer,  was  paid  25.  6d. 
quarterly  for  looking  after  the  arms  and  armour. 

A  sad  accident  in  the  brewhouse  is  noticed  in  the  Bursars* 
book  of  1588  :— 

'  Dat.  ad  sepulturam  cuiusdam  incidentis  in  ly  vat  in  brasino,  vij*  : 
uxori  eiusde'm  intuitu  charitatis  iij^  iiij"^.' 

Under  custus  panetriae  in  1589  is  an  item  oiSd.  for  hemming 
three  table  cloths  and  four  oyster  cloths.  The  latter  item 
occurs  again  and  again.  Twelve  ells  of  'Osenbrygge'  for 
table  cloths  cost  85.  6d.  in  this  year. 

Thomas  Ryves,  of  Blandford  (adm.  1590),  became  Judge  of 
the  Prerogative  Court,  Dublin,  and  died  in  1652.  He  was 
author  of  the  Vicar's  Plea,  a  book  advocating  the  case  of  pooF 
vicars  against  impropriators. 

William  Twisse,  a  scholar  of  the  same  year,  was  the  son  of  a 
clothier  at  Newbury.  He  exchanged  the  New  College  living 
of  Newnton  Longville  for  Newbury  in  1620.  In  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Civil  War  he  sided  with  the  Parliament,  and 
was  chosen  Prolocutor  of  the  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines 
in  1641.  He  died  in  London  in  1646,  and  was  buried  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  the  House  of  Commons  and  the  Assembly 
attending  the  funeral.  His  portrait,  painted  in  1644,  hangs  in 
the  vestry  of  the  parish  church  of  Newbury  ^ 

Thomas  Coryat,  another  scholar  of  1590,  seems  to  have  been 
a  son  of  George  Coryat  (adm.  1557),  who  was  Rector  of  Od- 
combe  and  a  Prebendary  of  York,  and  wrote  poems.  Thomas 
Coryat  was  removed  to  Westminster  School  at  an  early  age, 
and  then  entered  Gloucester  Hall  in  the  University  of  Oxford, 
after  which  he  served  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales.    In  1608  he  set 

*  Money's  History  0/ Newbury,  p.  583. 


Warden  Bilson.  295 

out  on  his  travels,  an  account  of  which  he  published  on  his 
return  under  the  title  of  Coryai's  Crudities.  In  1612  he  set  out 
for  the  East,  and  died  at  Surat  in  161 7.  He  has  the  fame  of 
mtroducing  the  use  of  table  forks  into  England.  On  this  he 
says : — 

*  I  observed  a  custom  in  all  those  Italian  cities  and  townes  through 
which  I  passed  that  is  not  used  in  any  other  country  that  I  saw  in  my 
travels,  neither  do  I  thinke  that  any  other  nation  of  Christendom  use 
it,  but  only  Italy.  The  Italians,  and  also  most  strangers  that  are 
commorant  in  Italy,  doe  always  at  their  meals  use  a  little  forke  when 
they  eat  their  meate  :  for  while  with  their  knife,  which  they  hold  in 
one  hand,  they  cut  the  meate  out  of  the  dish,  they  fasten  the  forke, 
which  they  hold  in  the  other  hand,  upon  the  same  dish ;  so  that 
whatsoever  he  be  that  sitting  in  the  company  of  any  others  at 
meale,  should  inadvisedly  touch  the  dish  of  meat  with  his  fingers, 
from  which  all  the  table  doe  cut,  he  will  give  occasion  of  offence  unto 
the  company,  as  having  transgressed  the  laws  of  good  manners,  inso- 
much that  for  his  error  he  shall  be  at  least  browbeaten,  if  not 
reprehended  in  wordes.  This  form  of  feeding,  I  understand,  is 
generally  used  in  all  parts  of  Italy,  their  forkes  for  the  most  part 
being  made  of  yron  or  Steele,  and  some  of  silver,  but  these  are  used 
only  by  gentlemen.  The  cause  of  this  curiosity  is  because  the 
Italian  cannot  by  any  means  indure  to  have  his  dish  touched  with 
fingers,  seeing  all  men's  fingers  are  not  alike  cleane.  Hereupon  I 
myself  thought  it  good  to  imitate  the  Italian  fashion  by  this  forked 
cutting  of  meate,  not  only  while  I  was  in  Italy,  but  also  m  Germany, 
and  often  times  in  England  since  I  came  home  ;  being  once  quipped 
for  that  frequently  using  my  forke  by  a  certain  learned  gentleman,  a 
friend  of  mine,  Mr.  Lawrence  Whitaker,  who,  in  his  merry  humour, 
doubted  not  to  call  me  at  table,  Furcifer,  only  for  using  a  forke  at 
feeding,  but  for  no  other  cause.' 

It  is  impossible  to  say  when  'the  use  of  forks  at  feeding* 
began  in  College,  In  Coryat's  time,  and  indeed  until  the  end 
of  the  last  century,  the  boys  provided  their  own  knives,  which 
were  made  broad  and  round  at  the  end,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
veying food  to  the  mouth.  The  knife  which  was  bought  for 
Philip  Bryan  in  the  year  1395^  was  bought  for  him  because  he 
was  Founder's  kin.  Ordinary  boys  provided  their  own  knives, 
and  forks  too,  when  forks  came  into  use ;  a  fact  which  makes 
it  impossible  to  say  when  forks  did  come  into  use  at  the 
scholars'  tables.  In  his  letter  to  Sir  Samuel  Romilly,  Brougham 

'  Ante,  p.  95. 


296  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

twits  the  Society  with  neglect  to  provide  forks  for  the  use  of 
the  scholars ;  and  all  that  Mr.  Liscombe  Clarke,  the  apologist 
of  the  Society,  had  to  say  in  reply  was  that  he  expected  that 
the  Warden  and  Fellows  would  take  the  subject  into  consider- 
ation.    This  was  in  the  year  1818. 

Under  custus  panetriae  in  the  year  1594  there  are  entries 
relating  to  a  set  or  garnish  of  pewter,  comprising  twelve  large 
platters,  twelve  small  platters,  twelve  large  potegers  (soup- 
plates),  twelve  small  potegers,  twelve  sallet  dishes  (first  men- 
tioned here),  and  twelve  saucers,  weighing  nearly  126  lbs., 
which  cost,  at  8flf.  per  lb.,  £4  3s.  ^d.  ^  The  price  of  pewter  had 
therefore  doubled  within  the  space  of  a  century.  In  the  next 
year  it  rose  to  i2d.  per  lb.,  and  in  another  thirty  years  to  14a?. 
per  lb. 

We  learn  from  the  following  entries  in  the  accounts  of  1594 
that  the  city  and  neighbourhood  of  the  College  was  visited  by 
the  plague,  during  which  a  species  of  quarantine  was  imposed 
on  the  inhabitants  to  prevent  the  disorder  spreading  to  the 
surrounding  country.  It  does  not  appear  that  any  cases  oc- 
curred within  the  College  walls : — 

'  Dat.  pauperibus  Winton.  inclusis  tempore  infectionis,  v" ;  pauperi- 
bus  de  Kingsgate  St.  inclusis  ob  contagium,  v^.' 

Thomas  Grent  (adm.  1595)  became  a  physician  at  Winches- 
ter, and  in  his  old  age  (1657-9)  had  a  quarterly  allowance  of 
£1  5s.  from  the  College.  Shall  we  say  for  medical  attend- 
ance on  the  scholars  ?  If  so,  this  is  an  exceptional  case. 
Medical  attendance  is  not  mentioned  in  the  statutes,  and  was 
an  extra  until  recent  changes. 

Custus  stabuli  in  1595  : — 

*  Seventy-seven  horse  shoes,  195.  ^d. ;  fifty-seven  removes,  4s.  gd. ; 
nine  drenches,  6s. ;  a  currycomb  (strigil),  Bd. ;  three  loads  of  straw, 
215. ;  pro  curando  pede  equino,  25.  6d. ;  pro  curanda  gangrena  in  ore 
equi  (a  case  of  lampas),  6d. ;  three  new  saddles,  &c.  ad  progressum 
vemalem  (for  the  Spring  Progress)  £,^  9s.  5^. ;  bleeding  the  horses, 
lod: 

'  A  garnish  of  pewter,  according  to  Harrison,  who  wrote  his  Desctiption  of 
England  in  1530,  '  usually  doth  contain  twelve  platters,  twelve  dishes  and 
twelve  saucers.'  He  adds, '  In  some  places  beyond  the  sea  a  garnish  of  good 
flat  English  pewter  is  esteemed  almost  as  pretious  as  the  like  number  of  vessels 
made  of  fine  silver.'  This  circumstance  may  account  for  the  rise  in  the  price  of 
pewter  referred  to  in  the  text. 


Warden  Bilson.  zgj 

Distributio  pauperibus,  same  year  : — 

*  A  poor  Greek,  35.  ^d. ;  a  Greek  archbishop,  for  redeeming 
Christians  from  captivity,  6s. ;  sundry  Greeks,  6s. ;  maimed  soldiers, 
i2d: 

Under  custus  pasturae  de  Stoke  the  following  items  occur : — 

£  s.  d 
Half-a-quarter  of  peas  to  fat  a  boar  (pro  impinguendo 

apro) 068 

Grubbing  roots  of  trees 082 

Forty-four  horse  shoes o    7    3 

Twenty- six  removes o    i     i 

Twenty-two  rods  of  paling  (pro  compositione  22  perti- 

carum  ly  pale) one 

One  yeare  reserved  rent  to  Bishop  of  Winchester  .  700 
Haymaking  (pro  falcando  et  componendo  feno  hoc 

anno) 0320 

Under  custus  ntolendini: — 

Pro  emendatione  ly  millpecke  (the  tool  used  to  dress 

the  millstone) 010 

A  new  millstone  bought  of  Bowen  of  Alresford    .        .  600 

Under  custus  gardini  etpratorum : — 

Boles,  labouring  fourteen  days 036 

Robert  Scott,  thirty-six  days  work  in  meads        .        .  090 

One  lb.  of  onion  seed  and  other  seeds    .        .        .        .  031 

Mole  catcher 004 

Pitman,  cleansing  the  Lockburn  (ly  lokborne)      .        .  009 


CHAPTER    XVIII. 
Warden  HarmaR  (1596- 1613). 

Harmar  a  Greek  scholar. — One  of  the  translators  of  the  New  Testament. — 
Richard  Zouch. — Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  Trial. — Mandate  of  James  I. — 
Scholars  at  Silkstead. — Archbishop  Bancroft's  Injunctions. — Bishop  Hyde. 
— Benefices  of  Wymering  and  Widley. 

John  Harmar  (adm.  1569)  was  a  native  of  Newbury.  He 
was  Professor  of  Greek  at  Oxford  in  1588,  when  he  was  chosen 
to  succeed  Hugh  Lloyd,  Bilson's  successor,  as  schoolmaster. 
He  was  one  of  the  translators  of  the  Bible  in  1607-11,  the  part 
assigned  to  him  being  the  four  Gospels,  the  Acts,  and  the 
Revelation,  in  company  with  seven  other  Oxford  men,  namely, 
Dr.  Ravis,  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don ;  Dr.  Abbott,  Master  of  University  College,  afterwards 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  Dr.  Eedes  ;  Mr.  Tomson,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Gloucester ;  Sir  Henry  Savile,  Provost  of  Eton,  1596- 
1622  ;  Dr.  Perin,  afterwards  Canon  of  Christ  Church ;  and  Dr. 
Ravens  \  He  was,  according  to  Wood,  a  subtle  Aristotelian, 
and,  besides  being  well  read  in  Patristic  theology,  was  a  most 
noted  Latinist  and  Grecian.  He  was  a  benefactor  to  the  libraries 
of  both  Colleges,  and  edited  the  Homilies  of  St.  Chrysostom. 
His  nephew,  John  Harmar  (adm.  1608),  was  also  Professor  of 
Greek  at  Oxford,  and,  according  to  Wood,  a  tolerable  Latin 
poet.  Harmar  was  not  elected  Warden  without  a  contest,  his  op- 
ponents being  Henry  Cotton,  who  was  backed  by  Queen  Elizabeth, 
and  George  Ryves,  who  Antony  Beely  and  five  other  Fellows,  in 
a  letter  to  Sir  Robert  Cecil,  say  is  well  born,  bred,  and  quali- 
fied, and  also  unmarried — a  circumstance  which  should  have 

'  A  copy  of  the  Authorised  Version  cost  the  Society  42s.  in  1614.  Another 
copy  cost  50s.  in  1615. 


Warden  Harmar,  299 

availed  with  the  Virgin  Queen*.     The  Warden  and  thirty-four 
Fellows  of  New  College  also  petitioned  the  Queen,  in.  favour  of 
Ryves. 
Distributio  pauperibus  in  1597-8  : — 

*  Five  soldiers,  35.  a^d. ;  a  poor  man  in  holy  orders,  25.  td. ;  to 
Deane,  formerly  a  scholar  (adm.  1578),  35.  4^. ;  an  Irish  lady 
(generosa  Hibemica),  25.  td. ;   pro  redimendo  captivo  in   Flandria, 

Custus  coquinae  in  1599 : — 

'  Two  powdering  tubbes  *  (for  salting  meat),  55. ;  colouring  the  walls 
of  the  kitchen,  45. ;  two  lbs.  glue  to  make  size  for  the  colour,  Bd. ;  a 
mincing  knife,  i&/. ;  paid  the  ratcatcher,  Qd. 

At  the  election  of  the  same  year  a  hogshead  of  claret  cost 
£7  los.,  and  another  £6  105.  '  Caecubum,'  often  mentioned, 
and  here  only  defined  as  '  Spanish  wine/  quantity  not  stated, 
cost  36s. 

John  Pocock,  the  College  militia  man,  was  paid  50s.  for 
attending  a  muster  in  London,  and  had  105.  after  his  return 
home,  while  he  was  sick.  His  coat  {tunica)  cost  255. ;  mending 
his  carbine,  i8rf. ;  a  bullet  pouch,  6d.  ;  twenty-six  lbs.  gun- 
powder, 27s.  4^. ;  twelve  pikes,  95. 

Richard  Zouch,  of  Anstey,  Wilts  (adm.  1601),  wasan  advocate 
of  Doctor's  Commons,  and  in  1620  became  Professor  of  Civil 
Law  in  the  University  of  Oxford.  Charles  I  made  him  Judge 
of  the  Admiralty  Court.  Oliver  Cromwell  put  him  on  the 
Commission  for  the  trial  of  Don  Pantaleon  Sa,  the  Portuguese 
Ambassador's  brother,  who  was  executed  for  killing  a  gentle- 
man in  an  affray  at  Westminster.  After  the  Restoration  Zouch 
was  reinstated  at  the  Admiralty  Court,  and  died  March  i, 
1660-1. 

In  the  autumn  of  1603  the  Courts  of  Law,  which  usually  sat 
at  Westminster,  were  transferred  to  Winchester,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  plague  which  was  raging  in  London  at  that  time. 
The  County  Hall  was  at  the  same  time  made  ready  for  holding 
a  Special  Commission  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  for  the  trial  of 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  his  companions,  on  November  14',  and 

•  Domestic  State  Papers,  vol.  cclix,  June  4,  1596. 
'  Shakespeare,  Hen.  V.  Act  ii.  Sc.  i. 

^  See  Sir  Thomas  Overbury's  Arraignment  and  Conviction  of  Sir  Waller 
Raleigh  at  the  King's  Bench  Bane  at  Winchester. 


300  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

precepts  were  directed  to  the  Sheriff  of  Hants  to  bring  up  the 
body  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  into  the  great  hall  of  Winchester 
Castle  on  Thursday,  Nov.  17,  and  for  the  return  of  a  common 
jury  for  the  trial  on  that  day.  The  Commissioners  were  Henry 
Howard,  Earl  of  Suffolk,  the  Lord  Chamberlain ;  Charles 
Blunt,  Earl  of  Devon ;  Lord  Henry  Howard,  afterwards  Earl 
of  Northampton ;  Robert  Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury ;  Edward 
Lord  Wootton  of  Morley  ;  Sir  John  Stanhope,  Vice-Chamber- 
lain ;  Lord  Chief  Justice  Popham ;  Anderson,  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas ;  Justices  Gawdy  and  Warburton  ; 
and  Sir  William  Wade.  There  is  no  foundation  for  the  belief 
that  the  trial  took  place  at  Wolvesey.  The  ordinary  jail 
delivery  probably  took  place  there.  King  James  seems,  as  was 
his  wont,  to  have  given  attention  to  the  details  of  this  memor- 
able trial,  and  required  the  College,  arbitrarily  enough,  to  find 
lodgings  for  the  judges.  He  addressed  the  following  letter  to 
the  Warden  with  this  object : — 

*  James  R. 

*  Trustie  and  well  beloved,  we  greet  you  well.  Whereas  we,  by 
the  advice  of  our  Privy  Council,  have  appointed  the  terme  to  be 
holden  at  our  Citty  of  Winchester,  and  our  Courts  of  Justice  to 
be  kept  in  the  Bishop's  Pallace  there  called  Wolvesy.  We  let  you 
know  that  we  have  made  choice  of  your  Colledge,  being  nere  adjoin- 
ing to  the  said  Pallace,  for  the  lodging  of  our  Judges  and  Sergeants, 
that  they  may  better  attend  our  service  and  the  administration  of 
common  justice  to  our  subjects.  Wherefore  our  pleasure  is,  and 
hereby  we  require  and  straightly  command  you,  the  Warden  and 
Fellowes  of  the  same  Colledge,  that  you  remove  yourselves  and 
your  Fellowes  from  the  said  Colledge  unto  some  place  appointed 
by  your  Founder  in  like  case  of  necessitie  or  speciall  occasion, 
and  forthwith  to  yield  your  house  and  lodgings  to  the  said  judges  and 
sergeants  for  their  aboad  so  long  as  the  said  term  shall  condnue.  For 
which  we  are  well  pleased  to  dispense  with  any  your  private 
statute  or  ordinance  to  the  contrary. 

*  Given  under  our  signet  at  Wilton,  the  first  dale  of  November 
in  the  first  yere  of  our  raigne.' 

The  Society  obeyed  this  injunction  to  the  extent  of  turning 
out  the  scholars,  who  were  sent  to  Silkstead,  the  farm  on  the 
downs,  four  miles  or  thereabouts  to  the  south-west  of  Win- 
chester, which  gave  a  surname  to  the  Prior  of  St.  Swithun's, 
who  lengthened  the  Lady  Chapel  of  the  Cathedral  a  century 


Warden  Harmar.  301 

earlier.  The  Society  borrowed'  the  farm-house  there  and 
fitted  it  up  for  the  reception  of  the  scholars,  much  as  they  had 
fitted  up  the  farm  buildings  at  Moundsmere  fifty  years  earlier. 
The  following  entries  occur  in  the  Bursars'  book  for  this 
year:-- 

*  Carriage  of  timber  to  Silkstead,  3s.  ^d. ;  nails,  25.  lod. ;  two 
carpenters  twenty  days,  40s.;  a  labourer  ten  days,  6s.  Qd.;  smith, 
sundry  jobs,  6s.  Qd. ;  fern  to  roof  the  latrines,  3s.  lod. ;  cleansing  the 
rooms,  &c.,  25.  iid.;  a  new  well  bucket,  25. ;  bedsteads,  £z  i?^- » 
given  to  the  poor  on  leaving,  4^.' 

Twenty-two  years  later  a  few  scholars,  for  what  reason  does 
not  appear,  were  boarded  out  at  Silkstead  (rusticabantur)  from 
the  end  of  October,  1625,  to  the  middle  of  May,  1626. 

The  fees  on  the  renewal  of  the  Charter  of  Privileges  on  the 
accession  of  James  I  were  as  follows : — Signet,  £4  6s.  8d. ; 
privy  seal,  465.  8d.  ;  expedition  fee,  i8s.  8d.  ;  Attorney- 
General's  fiat,  £4 ;  Great  Seal  and  other  fees,  £13  4s.  6d. ;  fine 
on  renewal,  £19  i8s.  lod. ;  so  that  the  officials  got  more  than 
the  King  by  £4  17s.  8d. 

Distributio  pauperibus  in  1603-7 : — 

*A  shipwrecked  Scotchman  (Scoto  naufrago),  55.;  Ashborne,  an 
inhabitant  of  Kingsgate  St.  on  enlisting  (militaturo),  izd. ;  villagers  of 
Chilcomb,  whose  houses  had  been  burned,  205. ;  a  traveller  of 
Greece,  65. ;  three  Cornish  soldiers,  4s.  6d. ;  an  Irish  minister  with 
wife  and  children,  i2d. ;  other  poor  Irish  folk,  4^/. ;  a  poor  German, 
xzd. ;  a  poor  minister  named  Bonde,  who  had  been  a  scholar  ^,  25. 6d. ; 
a  poor  Scotchman,  12^/.' 

Archbishop  Bancroft's  injunctions  of  1608'  are  printed  here 
for  the  sake  of  the  light  which  they  throw  on  the  domestic 
affairs  of  the  Society  at  this  period.  The  Commissioners  were 
Bishop  Bilson,  Dr.  Thomas  Ridley,  and  Dr.  Lake,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells;  and  they  visited  the  College  on 
January  11,  1607-8.  The  Warden  and  Fellows  protested  at 
first,  but  ultimately  submitted  to  the  Archbishop's  jurisdiction. 
The  occasion  of  this  visitation  was  the  case  of  Richard  Borne, 

■  I  say  this,  because  nothing  is  said  about  any  rent.  Perhaps  the  owner  lent 
the  place  in  consideration  of  the  money  which  the  College  authorities  were 
going  to  spend  upon  it 

*  Qy-  John,  adm.  1569,  or  Richard,  adm.  1560. 

*  Wilkins'  Cona'lia,  iv.  434. 


302  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

a  Fellow,  in  whose  election  in  the  preceding  year  there  had 
been  an  irregularity ;  and  the  Archbishop  removed  him. 

'i.  Imprimis.  That  noe  timber  trees  growing  in  the  woods  or 
upon  the  lands  of  the  College  be  given  to  any  whosoever  upon  any 
Occasion,  nor  that  any  of  the  said  timber  trees  be  sold  but  upon 
very  extraordinary  and  urgent  occasions,  and  then  not  without  the 
consent  of  the  more  part  of  the  Fellows,  unlesse  it  be  for  the  ne- 
cessary reparations  of  the  Colledge  houses  to  be  allowed  by  the 
Warden  att  the  motion  of  the  Rider  or  one  of  the  Bursars. 

*2.  Item.  That  the  Fellow  which  rideth  the  Progress  with  the 
Warden  be  not  only  made  privy  to  all  the  fines  raised  upon  the 
grants  of  copyholds,  but  give  his  consent  for  the  time  that  he  is 
Rider  to  the  pitching  of  the  fines  assessed  either  by  the  Warden 
or  the  Steward :  And  that  neither  the  Steward  nor  he  who  occu- 
pieth  that  place  shall  by  any  meanes,  without  the  Warden  and 
Rider  of  the  Progresse,  rate  or  appoint  any  fines  for  copyhold  lands 
to  the  use  of  the  Colledge,  or  any  other.  Also  that  an  extract  of  the 
grants  of  copyholds,  and  of  fines  raised  thereon,  shall  yearly  be 
made,  that  at  the  time  of  supervision  they  may  be  presented  to  the 
Warden  and  Supervisors  of  Newe  Colledge  in  Oxford,  if  they  shall 
think  good  to  call  for  them,  that  soe  it  maye  appear  what  sincere 
dealing  there  is  for  the  profitt  of  the  Colledge. 

'3.  Item.  That  the  Warden's  Allowance  for  his  dyett  be  con- 
tinued according  to  the  rate  lately  agreed  upon  in  writing,  by  the 
Warden,  Subwarden  and  Fellows  :  And  this  to  be  allowed  to  the 
Warden  as  well  in  his  absence  as  in  his  presence,  because  he  is 
contented  with  a  lesser  rate  than  formerly  he  hath  had,  and  now 
requireth  no  allowance  for  festival  and  gaudy  dayes ;  saving  that, 
when  he  lyeth  abroad  upon  the  Charge  and  Expense  of  the  College, 
the  proportion  and  allowance  made  unto  him  at  home  shall  be  but 
according  to  the  rate  and  number  of  those  who  remain  att  home 
upon  the  Colledge  allowance. 

'4.  Item.  That  the  Dyet  and  Allowance  for  the  Fellows  be 
according  to  the  proportion  lately  agreed  upon  in  writing  by  the 
Warden,  Subwarden  and  Fellows,  and  soe  to  continue,  unless  it 
shall  appeare  that  the  house  is  not  able  to  bear  the  charge  thereof, 
and  then  to  be  ordered  by  the  consent  of  the  Warden,  Subwarden, 
and  major  part  of  the  Fellows ;  and  that  this  dyett  of  the  Fellows 
shall  not  be  taken  but  only  in  the  Colledge  Hall  except  it  be  in  time 
of  sicknesse  to  be  taken  in  their  chambers  by  the  allowance  of  the 
Warden,  or  in  his  absence  of  the  Subwarden  :  And  that  noe  bread 
and  beer  be  carried  out  of  the  Colledge,  either  into  any  of  the 
Fellows'  private  houses  or  to  any  other  place. 


Warden  Harmar.  303 

*5.  Item.  That  no  three  of  consanguinity  of  affinity  with  the 
Warden  or  any  other  of  the  Fellows  shall  hereafter  be  permitted 
to  be  Fellows  of  that  House  together :  and  that  noe  two  of  any  such 
consanguinity  or  affinity  be  chosen  or  suifered  to  be  officers  in  any 
one  year.  In  this  place  consanguinity  is  not  meant  to  be  farther 
extended  than  to  cousin-germans,  nor  affinity  further  than  to  the 
same  proportion  of  degree. 

*6.  Item.  That  the  store  of  the  CoUedge  in  lead,  glass,  stone, 
timber,  and  such  like  necessaries  be  not  taken  or  employed  by  the 
Warden  or  any  other  member  of  that  house  without  consent  of  the 
three  officers,  or  the  most  part  of  the  Fellows,  and  that  by  noe  means 
they  be  employed  to  any  private  use  out  of  the  said  Colledge,  except 
they  be  first  bought  and  paid  for  by  the  party  that  will  soe  use 
them. 

*  7.  Item.  That  neither  the  Warden  nor  any  Fellow  of  that  House 
make  any  new  additions,  alterations  or  buildings  at  the  Colledge 
charge  to  those  that  are  already  sett  upp  in  the  Colledge,  without 
consent  of  the  most  part  of  the  Fellows. 

'8.  Item.  That  the  Parke  called  Stoke  Parke  be  not  alienated, 
leased,  or  applyed  to  any  private  man's  use  :  but  that  the  wood  and  all 
other  the  profitts  rising  from  the  same  be  converted  to  the  publick 
good  of  the  House :  and  that  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  occupyer 
of  that  parke  to  till  or  convert  any  part  of  that  parke  to  his  private 
use,  but  such  as  shall  be  allotted  by  the  Warden  and  more  part  of 
the  Fellows,  to  be  continued  and  altered  as  they  shall  find  cause  : 
And  at  every  auditt  it  shall  be  straightly  examined  by  those  who 
take  the  accompts,  whether  the  best  profitt  be  made  for  the  Colledge 
or  not :  and  that  the  said  accompts  so  examined  shall  be  ready  to  be 
shewed  to  the  supervisors,  if  they  will  call  for  them. 

*  9.  Item.  That  the  College  horses  maintained  in  the  said  parke, 
and  likewise  kept  in  the  College  stable,  be  not  employed  to  any 
private  man's  use :  neither  shall  the  Warden  putt  any  other  horse 
of  his  own  or  his  friends  into  the  said  parke,  saving  such  as  are 
allowed  unto  him  by  the  Colledge  ;  neither  shall  any  Fellow  or 
other  person  belonging  to  that  Colledge  putt  any  horse  of  his  own 
or  of  any  other  into  the  said  parke  upon  any  pretence  whatsoever. 

'  10.  Item.  That  the  Wardens  of  both  Colledges  and  other  Electors 
doe  not  singly  and  for  themselves  name  any  schollar  to  be  chosen 
into  that  Colledge,  or  to  be  spedd  from  thence  unto  Newe  Colledge  in 
Oxford,  but  that  they  jointly  concurr  for  the  electing  of  those  which 
are  most  worthy  :  and  that  noe  man  shall  reporte,  or  as  far  as  in  him 
lyeth,  give  cause  that  other  men  reporte  this  or  that  place  which  is  to 
be  filled  to  be  the  private  place,  nomination,  or  election  or  design- 


304  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

ment  of  any  one  elector,  but  to  be  the  joynt  and  publick  choice  and 
election  of  the  whole  number,  or  at  least  of  the  greatest  part  of  them. 

*ii.  Item.  That  no  schoolmaster,  usher,  chaplain,  clerk,  chorister 
or  servant  of  that  Colledge  be  elected  or  accepted  into  the  same 
for  any  money  or  reward,  directly,  or  indirectly  :  And  that  neither 
Usher  nor  Schoolmaster  be  admitted  into  that  Colledge  before  they 
have  subscribed  to  the  Articles  mentioned  in  the  77th  Canon  :  And 
that  neither  the  Schoolmaster,  Usher,  nor  any  Fellow  of  that  House 
at  any  time,  extort,  challenge,  or  insert  into  his  accompts,  or  any 
ways  take  or  receive  any  summe  of  money  for  chamber  rent,  or 
for  being  tutor  to  any  of  the  schoUars  within  or  without  the  said 
Colledge. 

*  12.  Item.  That  neither  the  Warden  nor  any  Officer  or  Fellow 
of  that  House  obtrude  on  the  Colledge  their  badde  and  uncleane 
wheat  and  barley  made  into  malt,  growing  att  their  parsonages,  for 
such  prices  as  pleaseth  themselves  to  the  hurt  of  the  rest  of  the 
Fellows  and  Scholars  there  as  well  in  their  dyet  as  in  their 
expenses :  And  that  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  servant  of  that 
House,  be  he  baker  or  brewer,  or  any  other,  to  accept  and  receive, 
to  the  Colledge  use  any  such  come  without  the  oversight  and  allow- 
ance of  the  Warden,  Subwarden,  and  Bursers  for  the  time  being, 
and  the  price  first  agreed  upon  by  them. 

*  13.  Item.  That  in  the  Warden's  journeying  to  London  and 
abiding  there  about  the  business  of  the  Colledge  as  well  the  causes 
of  his  going  as  his  expenses  for  the  time  be  duly  considered  by 
those  with  whom  by  statute  it  apperteineth,  who  are  carefully  to 
look  that  no  superfluous  burthen  be  laid  upon  the  College. 

'  14.  Item.  That  no  grant  of  land,  house,  or  other  inheritance  of 
the  said  Colledge,  nor  any  weighty  cause,  which  may  prejudice  or 
endanger  that  House,  be  concluded  without  the  deliberate  and 
expresse  consent  of  the  greater  part  of  all  the  Fellows  of  the  said 
Colledge,  collegiately  assembled,  and  that  nothing  be  sealed  with 
the  Common  Seal  of  that  Colledge  but  in  the  presence  of  all  such 
as  are  att  that  time  Fellows  of  the  Colledge. 

*  15.  Item.  That  noe  man  shall  receive  any  part  of  the  College 
rents  but  such  as  are  appointed  thereto  by  the  statute  of  that 
Colledge  :  And  that  the  rents  so  received  shall  presently  be  lockt 
upp  in  the  common  chest,  and  not  taken  thence,  butt  by  the  consent 
of  those  whom  the  Founder  hath  appointed  for  the  purpose :  And 
that  no  bargain  for  wheat,  malt,  or  any  other  victuals  or  provisions 
shall  be  taken  upon  trust  to  the  use  of  the  Colledge,  att  any  other 
prices  than  shall  be  first  agreed  upon  by  the  Warden,  Subwarden, 
and  Bursers  :  and  that  whoesoever  shall  be  sent  or  trusted  to  make 


Warden  Hannar.  305 

provisions  in  gross  for  the  Colledge  (other  than  for  the  week's 
expences),  upon  his  return  or  within  two  dayes  after  any  such  bar- 
gaine  made  shall  yeild  a  true  accompt  thereof  unto  the  said  Warden, 
Sub-Warden,  and  Bursers  or  to  soe  many  of  them  as  be  then  att 
home. 

*  16.  Item,  that  before  all  elections  of  Fellows  and  Officers  suffi- 
cient time  and  publick  or  personall  warning  be  given  to  all  the 
Fellows,  that  they  may  assemble  to  the  said  election  ^ :  and  that  noe 
man  be  accompted  or  admitted  as  lawfully  elected  to  any  fellowship 
or  office  in  that  Colledge  without  the  consent  of  the  Warden  and  the 
greater  part  of  those  who  att  that  time  are  Fellows  of  that  Colledge. 

*  17.  Item,  that  the  common  servants  of  the  Colledge,  as  the 
baker,  brewer,  and  butlers,  be  not  entertained  with  the  Warden's 
liveries  or  wages,  but  that  they  be  obedient  and  subject  to  the 
Sub- Warden  and  Bursers'  check  and  correction  when  they  doe 
amiss,  as  other  the  Colledge  servants  should  be  and  are. 

*i8.  Item,  that  the  Supervisors  doe  yearly  come  to  the  Election 
the  Monday  night  and  depart  on  the  Friday  morning  next  following : 
and  that  no  Fellow  of  that  Colledge  att  the  Election  time  doe  bring 
in  any  strangers  to  meales . 

'19.  Item,  that  the  Fellows  when  they  goe  out  of  town  shall 
signify  the  same  unto  the  Warden,  as  for  other  reasons,  so  also 
that  in  the  meane  time  commons  may  be  spared  to  the  behoofe 
of  the  Colledge. 

*2o.  Item,  that  for  soe  much  as  the  Commoners  ought  not  by 
the  Statute  to  be  burthensome  to  the  Colledge,  they  shall  every  one 
of  them  hereafter  pay  for  their  commons  four  shillings  by  the  weeke 
in  the  same  manner  that  the  former  weekly  summes  for  their  com- 
mons were  paid. 

*2i.  Item,  that  the  accompts  for  every  quarter  be  duly  cast  upp, 
and  especially  that  the  accompts  for  Michaelmas  quarter  be  ended 
and  perfected  before  the  beginning  of  the  auditt. 

'22.  Item,  that  the  Bursers  upon  the  ending  of  their  accompts 
shall  pay  and  satisfy  all  things  due  to  the  Colledge,  or  putt  in  suffi- 
cient caution  within  one  month  to  doe  the  same,  or  to  lose  all  benefitt 
which  they  should  reape  in  and  of  the  Colledge  till  all  things  be 
satisfyed. 

'  23.  Item,  that  the  Cooke  doe  monthly  yeild  an  accompt  of  his 
vessell,  and  the  Bursers  yearly  bring  in  their  inventory  :  and  soe 
also  the  Wai-den  to  do  for  those  things  that  be  within  his  charge. 

»  See  Chapter  XXII. 
X 


3o6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

'24.  Item,  that  each  Fellow  while  it  is  their  course  to  celebrate 
divine  service  shall  be  within  the  CoUedge,  and  for  the  weeke  of 
their  course  be  every  day  present  at  morning  prayer  at  six  of  the 
clock,  soe  to  give  good  example  and  encouragement  unto  others  for 
frequenting  the  same.' 

Warden  Pinke  had  occasion  to  reiterate  some  of  the  above 
injunctions  at  the  scrutiny  of  1617,  and  in  subsequent  years. 
The  Society  seems  to  have  wanted  a  tonic  at  that  period. 
He  required  the  Fellows,  chaplains,  and  lay-clerks  to  attend 
morning  and  evening  prayer.  The  Fellows  were  to  dine  in 
Hall  daily,  and,  if  they  supped,  they  were  to  sup  there,  and  not 
in  their  chambers.  The  Sub- Warden  and  four  senior  Fellows 
were  to  eat  at  the  high  table,  the  rest  at  the  Mensa  Collateralis. 
Fellow  Commoners  were  to  pay  the  full  value  of  their  diet.  The 
Warden  was  to  keep  the  key  of  the  beer-cellar,  and  the  meat 
served  at  the  scholars'  tables  was  to  be  of  full  weight,  so  that 
they  might  not  be  driven  to  buy  food  out  of  doors  \ 

Distrihutio  pauperibus,  1609-13  : — 

'  Two  Greek  travellers,  is. ;  two  poor  Greeks,  25. ;  collector  for 
village  of  Bulford  ^,  consumed  by  fire,  2s. ;  one  who  had  been 
wrecked  at  sea,  and  lost  his  goods  by  fire,  xzd. ;  a  Greek  who  was 
collecting  money  (object  not  stated),  ids.  ;  a  Greek  archbishop,  25. 6d. ; 
a  kinsman  of  Archbishop  Cranmer,  25.  6d. ;  two  Chaldeans,  izdJ 

Alexander  Hyde,  of  St.  Mary's,  Southampton  (adm.  1610), 
became  Dean  of  Winchester  and  Bishop  of  Salisbury  (1665-7). 
His  predecessor  in  the  See,  Earles,  had  been  a  Commoner. 

The  following  books  were  bought  in  London  in  1610 : — 

£    s.d. 

Stephani  Concordantia 076 

Lorinus  in  Actis,  Sapientia,  Epistolis  Catholicis  et 

Ecclesiasta 260 

Zanchii  Miscell.  et  Epistolae o  19    o 

Gregory  of  Valence 160 

The  carriage  of  these  books  from  London  cost  3s.  ^d. 

^  It  does  not  appear  what  weight  of  meat  per  head  was  considered  sufficient. 
Whatever  quantity  was  supplied,  the  cooks  seem  to  have  claimed  portions  of  it 
as  their  perquisite,  just  as  the  nurses  at  Christ's  Hospital  did  in  Charles  Lamb's 
day  (Essays  of  Elia,  Chris fs  Hospital  Jive- and-thirty  years  ago).  The  Society 
did  not  dare  to  do  more  than  limit  and  define  these  perquisites  on  this  occasion. 

*  Adjoining  the  College  Manor  of  Durrington,  Wilts. 


Warden  Harmar.  307 

The  Society  became  temporarily  patrons  of  the  benefices  of 
Wymering  and  Widley,  near  Portsmouth,  about  the  year  1612, 
under  the  following  circumstances : — Warden  Harmar  having 
filed  a  bill  on  the  equity  side  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer 
against  Sir  Daniel  Norton,  Knt.  and  others  of  his  family,  claim- 
ing for  the  College  the  tithe  of  corn  and  grain  in  Hilsea,  a 
detached  portion  of  the  parish  of  Wymering,  lying  within  Port- 
sea  Island,  the  Court  nominated  Sir  Hampden  Pawlet,  Sir 
Francis  Palmer,  and  Sir  Richard  Tichborne,  arbitrators,  to  end 
the  dispute  in  a  friendly  way.  The  dispute  was,  whether  the 
tithe  of  Hilsea  was  parcel  of  the  Rectory  of  Portsea,  and  so 
belonged  to  the  College  under  the  exchange  with  Henry  VHI, 
or  was  parcel  of  the  Rectory  of  Wymering,  and  so  belonged 
to  the  Norton  family  under  a  Crown  grant  in  36  H.  VHI. 
The  three  Hampshire  worthies  were  unable  to  solve  this  knotty 
question,  on  which,  in  Lord  Eldon's  time,  an  issue  would 
have  been  directed  ;  and  the  parties  agreed  on  a  compromise, 
which  was  confirmed  by  a  consent  decree  of  the  Court  of 
Exchequer  in  1612.  Sir  Daniel  Norton  had  a  beneficial  lease 
of  the  Rectory  of  Portsea,  which  he  desired  to  retain,  and  the 
Society  had  an  eye  to  the  benefices  of  Wymering  and  Widley, 
of  which  Sir  Daniel  Norton  was  patron.  The  decree  accord- 
ingly went  by  consent,  that  the  tithe  of  Hilsea  should  be 
divided  \  and  that  the  Society  should  continue  to  renew  the 
lease  upon  payment  of  a  fine  of  £400  only,  and  Sir  Daniel 
Norton  and  his  successors  should  present  a  Fellow  of 
Winchester  College  to  the  benefices.  This  bargain,  which  a 
purist  might  describe  as  simoniacal,  was  acted  on  until  1806, 
when  the  Society  became  restive,  owing  to  the  great  increase  in 
the  value  of  the  Rectory  of  Portsea  through  war  prices  and 
terminated  it,  on  the  authority  of  an  opinion  given  by  Mr. 
Richards,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  afterwards  Chief  Baron,  to  the 
effect  that  the  bargain  of  1612  was  ultra  vires. 

*  The  Society  bought  Sir  Daniel  Norton's  moiety  of  Mr.  Thistlethwayte,  his 
descendant,  in  1835. 


X  a 


CHAPTER  XIX. 
Warden  Love  (1613-1630). 

The  family  of  Love. — His  son  the  Regicide. — Michael  Woodward. — Hay  crop 
in  Meads. — Lettice  Williams'  legacy. — Sir  Thomas  Bro^vne. — Dean  Groves. 
— Provisions  in  1620. — The  annual  Hunt — William  Bevis. — Cheyney  Court, 
— Earthenware,  pewter,  &c.  purchased. 

Nicholas  Love,  of  Froxfield,  Hants  (adm.  1583),  succeeded 
Benjamin  Hayden  as  schoolmaster  in  1601,  and  became  Warden 
in  October,  1613.  Love  was  a  family  man.  The  mending  of  a 
broken  window  in  his  nursery  is  referred  to  in  the  Bursars' 
book  for  1625  : — '  Sol.  vitriatori  pro  emendatione  fenestrae  in 
cubiculo  ly  nursery  in  hospitio  Dm  custodis  j"  iiij**.'  The 
culprit  may  have  been  either  John,  then  aged  twelve,  Barnaby, 
then  aged  seven,  Robert,  then  aged  six,  or  Joseph,  then 
aged  three,  all  of  whom  were  nominated  to  scholarships  in  due 
course.  The  eldest  son,  Nicholas  Love  the  Regicide,  was  not 
on  the  foundation,  but  he  may  have  been  a  Commoner.  He  was 
bred  a  barrister,  and  became  a  Six  Clerk  in  Chancery,  and 
had  the  sequestration  of  the  Winchester  bishopric  estates — a 
lucrative  office — under  CromwelP.  He  had  a  beneficial  lease 
of  some  College  property  near  Aldershot,  which  was  forfeited  by 
his  attainder.  Among  the  Domestic  State  Papers  (vol.  XLI.) 
there  is  a  petition  by  Francis  Tichborne,  of  Aldershot,  dated  Sept. 
13,  1661,  for  a  grant  of  this  lease,  which  Love  is  alleged  to 
have  got  through  taking  advantage  of  Benjamin  Tichborne's 
leaving  England  in  1642  in  horror  of  the  rebellion.  During 
the  Civil  War  he  spent  his  vacations  at  Wolvesey,  and  proved 
a  valuable  friend  to  the  Society  which  his  father  had  presided 

*  '  Sol.  Diio  Muspratt  collectori  redituum  Episcopi  Winton.  ad  usum  Magistri 
Nicholai  Love,  pro  tenementis  in  Kingsgate  St.,  65.  9</.'  is  an  entry  in  the 
Bursars'  book  for  1649-50. 


Warden  Love.  309 

over,  protecting  it,  according  to  tradition,  when  menaced  by 
Oliver  Cromwell's  troops.  He  was  the  author  of  the  following 
inscription  on  a  brass  to  the  memory  of  his  father  the  Warden, 
which  was  formerly  on  the  floor  of  Thurbern's  Chantry,  but  has 
disappeared : — 

'  Hie  positus  est  Nicholaus  Love,  S.T.D.  CoUegii  ad  Ventam 
Wiccamici  prim6  informator  postea  custos.  Docuit  annos  xi,  prae- 
fuit  xvii,  ita  ut  aedibus  hisce  providentia  sua  statum  optumum, 
dignitatem,  honorem,  conciliaret.  Eruditionis  magnum  testimonium 
accepit,  quod  Jacobo  regum  doctissimo  a  sacris  fuerit  \  Mira  res 
potuisse  in  unum  hominem  coire  modestiam  cum  faelicitate,  gravitatem 
cum  comitate,  cum  judicio  ingenium,  prudentiam  cum  eloquentia  ; 
ita  ut  omnia  sum  mo  essent.  Haec,  qui  citra  invidiam  legis,  abi  faelix, 
et  collegio  optuma  quaeque  precare ;  hoc  est,  custodes  similes.' 

*At  tu,  jam  faelix  et  Diis  conjunctior  umbra 

Hunc  tumulum  hos  titulos  et  breve  carmen  habe. 

At  pudet,  ut  quae  homines  virtuti  reddimus,  haec  sunt 
Praemia :   nil  ultra  Wiccamus  ipse  tulit. 

Nic.  Love  heres  patris  B.  M.  maerens  posuit.' 

Happy  the  father  of  a  son  who  could  write  such  an  epitaph 
on  him ! 

In  Warden  Love's  time  the  Holy  Communion  was  adminis- 
tered in  chapel  four  or  five  times  a  year,  as  a  general  rule 
on  the  following  days  :  All  Saints,  Christmas,  the  Purification, 
St.  James  the  Apostle,  Easter  Day.  The  following  list  of  books 
bought  for  the  library  in  1613  shows  what  the  tendencies  of  the 

Society  were  at  that  period  : — 

£  s.d. 

Bucer.  Script.  Angl 070 

„       in  Rom.  et  Philipp o  15    6 

„       in  Epist.  et  Act,  Apost o  11    o 

„       Moralia  Catholica 080 

Opus  Chronographicum  et  Cornelii  Taciti  Annales    .  260 

Budei  Commentarii,  2  v o  13    6 

Wolf  on  the  Parables,  and  Osiander  on  the  Apoca- 
lypse      086 

Michael  Woodward  (adm.  1613)  became  a  Fellow  of  the 
College,  and  was  chosen  Warden  of  New  College  in  1658.  This 
*  dull  heavy  man,'  as  Mackenzie  Walcott  unjustly  calls  him,  was 

'  He  was  one  of  the  King's  chaplains,  and  a  Prcbendarj-  of  Winchcstcc 
CathcdraL 


310  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

one  of  the  Bursars  in  1641,  1645,  1647  and  1658,  and  kept  the 
books  in  a  beautiful  court  hand,  entering  all  sorts  of  details  in  a 
way  which  renders  the  books  of  those  years  a  mine  of  interesting 
and  legible  information.  And  when  he  became  Warden  of  New 
College  he  performed  the  duty  of  supervisor  fearlessly,  giving 
ear  to  complaints  and  endeavouring  to  remedy  abuses.  He  was 
one  of  the  shrewdest,  most  industrious,  and  valuable  men  who 
ever  filled  the  office  of  Warden  at  New  College. 

In  the  year  1614  Mrs.  Lettice  Williams  endowed  New 
College  with  a  rent-charge  of  £12  a  year,  part  of  which  was  to 
be  applied  in  paying  £  i  65.  %d.  to  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  Col- 
lege for  a  sermon  in  chapel  on  November  5,  and  13s.  \d.  apiece 
to  three  Scholars  for  making  speeches,  one  '  ad  Portas '  on  the 
arrival  of  the  Warden  and  Posers  from  Oxford,  another  '  in 
honorem  Fundatoris '  on  December  21st,  and  a  third,  '  Eliza- 
bethae  et  Jacobi '  on  March  24th,  being  the  accession  of  James  I. 
In  later  years,  'Fundator'  and  'Elizabeth  and  Jacob'  were 
delivered  by  the  senior  Founder's  kinsman  and  Prefect  of  Hall 
respectively  in  school  after  the  arrival  of  the  Warden  and  Posers 
on  the  Tuesday  in  Election  week. 

Sir  Thomas  Browne,  the  author  of  Religio  Medici^  and 
Nicholas  Groves,  Dean  of  Dromore,  were  scholars  of  1616. 
Neither  succeeded  to  New  College.  Browne  went  to  Broadgates 
Hall  in  Oxford,  now  merged  in  Pembroke  College ;  Groves  was 
a  Fellow  of  All  Souls. 

The  following  entry  in  the  Bursars'  book  of  1616,  '  Sol.  duci 
Gosnell  pro  opere  in  instruendis  cohortibus  in  re  militari  ad 
festum  Baptistae  vj^.,'  may  refer  to  a  cadet  corps  in  the  school, 
but  more  likely  to  some  pageant  resembling  the  marching  watch 
in  the  City  of  London,  described  by  Hone  {Every  Day  Book, 
June  23),  which  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  revived  in  1548. 

Distributio  pauperibus,  1616-25  • — 

*  A  shipwrecked  Pole,  izd. ;  Graeco  cuidam  captivo  a  Turcis,  2s. ; 
caeco  cuidam  suaviter  modulanti  (like  Homer),  as. ;  two  ship- 
wrecked Scotchmen,  iQd. ;  a  poor  Oxford  scholar  from  Poole,  whose 
father  had  been  plundered  by  pirates,  25. ;  a  Greek  who  was  gather- 
ing money  to  redeem  captives  from  the  Turks,  6s.  &/. ;  one  who 
came  with  a  brief  for  Sidmouth,  oppido  piscatorio  in  Devonia,  45. ; 
the  rector  of  Bosham  towards  the  rebuilding  of  his  church,  6s.  Bd. ; 
one  who  came  with  a  brief  from  Edinburgh,  2s.6d.\  a  soldier  who 


Warden  Love. 


3" 


was  on  his  way  back  to  Bohemia,  izd. ;  sundry  destitute  Irish,  i2d. ; 
Eleanor  Brown,  daughter  of  the  Bishop  of  Cork,  25.  td. ;  one  who 
had  been  a  clergyman  (qui  sacerdos  olim  fuerat),  2s.' 

By  this  time  the  hop  garden  had  been  laid  down  to  grass,  and 
what  with  Meads,  the  Carmelite  or  Sickhouse  Mead,  Dogger's 
Close,  and  St.  Stephen's  and  St.  Elizabeth's  Meads,  the  Society 
mowed  nearly  eleven  acres  in  1619.  This  extent  of  land  they 
took  the  hay  off  for  many  years,  maintaining  the  fertility  of  the 
soil  by  copious  dressings  of  night  soil  after  every  cut.  Mowing 
cost  IS.  per  acre.  The  hay  was  made,  carried,  and  stacked  by 
the  College  servants.  Items  of  gratuities  to  them,  and  for 
cheese  eaten  in  the  hayfield  occur  often.  In  1619  the  under- 
groom  was  sick,  and  his  place  in  the  hayfield  was  taken  by 
others: — 'Sol.  Bernarde,  Edwards,  et  Blind  Dick  calcantibus 
ly  haymowe  aegrotante  subequisone  is.' 

The  staurus  expensarum  for  1620  is  as  follows  : — 


Wheat 


QRS.     BUS.  PKS. 

144    3    o    in  128  batches. 
5    6    o '  in  46  brewlocks. 
2    o^  in  stronge  beere. 
4    5    o    in  kitchen. 
4    6    I    at  Election. 
040    waste. 


d. 


Malt 


160 

2 

I 

Cost 

321 

6 

0 

in  46  brewlocks. 

3 

0 

0 

in  Warden's  stronge 
beere. 

I 

4 

0 

in  Election  beere. 

I 

0 

0 

in  Audit  beere. 

2 

3 

0 

waste. 

329 

5 

0 

Cost 

70  14    6 


120  14    5 


Oats 


Cost 


41     7     O  i^OSt         .  .        ID     3 

'  This  does  not  mean  that  so  much  wheat  was  used  along  with  the  malt,  but 
that  so  much  wheat  was  allowed  to  make  bread  for  the  brewer  while  engaged 
in  brewing.  Wheat,  however,  was  used  in  the  sixteenth  century  by  brewers. 
The  following  recipe  for  making  beer  occurs  in  Arnold's  ChronicU,  circa  1533  :— 
'  Ten  quarters  of  malte,  two  quarters  of  wheete,  two  quarters  of  oates  and  eleven 
pounds  of  hoppys  to  make  eleven  barrels  of  sengyll  beere. '  These  barrels  must 
have  been  '  dolia '  or  butts  of  is6  gallons. 


312 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


£     s.    d. 
Oxen,  44,  weighing  24,848  lbs.,  averaging  565  lbs. 

each 258  16    8 

Oxheads  and  tripe  (capita  et  exta  bourn)        .        .  f  6  12    o 

Sheep,  737f ,  weighing  26,939  lbs.,  averaging  36  lbs.  ( i  16    8 

each 271    4    g\ 

Sheep's  hearts,  &c.,  178 246 

Tallow,  1600  lbs 16  13    4 

Suet,  558  lbs 5  16    3 

Rabbits,  42  dozen  and  8  couples       .        .        .        .  29  10    o 

Hops,  776  lbs 23  18    8 

Cheese  and  butter 3  12  11 

Salt  fish 58    2    8 

Mustard  and  vinegar 9    2  11 

Rice,  20  lbs 08  iij 

Salt,  ID  qrs.  2  bus.  2  pks 5  12    4f 

Spices 18    9    9i 

Sugar 7    4  10 

Raisins,  figs,  and  prunes 10    9  11 

Oatmeal,  7  qrs.  3  bus 10    6    6 

Charcoal,  39  loads 29    5    o 

Cordwood,  45,000  logs      ..;...  41  16    5 

Faggots,  24,000 27    2    6 

Candles,  133  dozen  and  four  lbs 6  13    4 

Peas o  i6    3 


1047    9    4i 


Where  the  quantities  are  given  the  above  prices  work  out 
approximately  thus :- 


£ 

s. 

d. 

Wheat      .       .        .       .        0 

8 

9    per  quarter. 

Malt 

0 

7 

6 

Oats 

0 

4 

9 

Beef 

0 

0 

2.\  per  lb. 

Mutton 
Tallow 

0 
0 

0 
0 

2i        » 
2^        » 

Suet 

0 

0 

24        „ 

Rabbits    . 

0 

I 

6    per  couple. 

Hops 

3 

8 

4    per  cwt.^ 

Rice 

0 

0 

5\      » 

Salt 

0 

0 

4    per  peck. 

Oatmeal  . 

I 

9 

0    per  quarter. 

'  Hops  were  ^7  per  cwt,  in  the  following  year. 


Warden  Love.  313 

Hugh  Robinson,  Love's  successor  in  the  schoolmaster's 
chair,  retired  on  a  Canonry  of  St.  Paul's  in  1627.  Edward 
Stanley  succeeded  him.  Stanley's  portrait  in  Hall  depicts  him 
with  the  Puritan  collar  of  his  day,  which  was  just  beginning 
to  sprout  into  bands. 

In  the  Bursars'  book  for  1625  will  be  found  the  first  allusion 
to  the  pubh'ca  venatio, — a  sort  of  Epping  Hunt,  which  took  place 
at  this  period  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Winchester  every  year, 
as  in  other  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  was  intended  perhaps  by 
the  Stuarts  as  a  sort  of  compensation  to  the  public  for  the  se- 
verity with  which  that  dynasty  enforced  the  ancient  forest  laws. 
This  hunt,  when  the  stag  was  turned  out  near  Winchester,  was 
the  occasion  of  an  outing  or  picnic  for  the  School,  e.g. : — 
*  Willes  cum  ij  famulis  euntibus  cum  plaustro  ad  forestam  (Bere 
forest  ?)  pro  scolaribus  die  venationis  v^  item  pro  plaustro 
conducto  iiijs;  pro  vino  in  foresta  die  venationis  publicae 
ij3  viijd ;  pro  caecubo  post  reditum  ad  cenam  xij^.'  This  was  in 
1620.     In  1628  the  hounds  met  at  Longwood  : — 

*  Sol.  Henr.  Hardyng  pro  portando  prandio  die  venationis  publicae 
iiij'.    Wells  pro  plaustris  in  die  venationis  ad  Longwood  iiij*.' 

It  seems  that  the  scholars  were  taken  to  the  meets  in  waggons  ; 
lunched ;  followed  the  hounds  on  foot,  and  came  back  in  the 
waggons  to  supper. 

Custus  armorum  in  1628 : — 

*  A  horseman's  outfit  {armatura  equestris),  £,-1  3s.  9</. ;  Clement,  the 
armourer,  making  swordhilt,  pommel,  and  scabbard,  4s. ;  mending 
the  carbine  {equestre  bombardum),  3s.' 

A  charge  of  los.  for  browning  the  armour  with  aquafortis 
occurs  in  1609. 

Distributio  pauperibus,  1628  : — 

*  Thomas  Coldwell ',  a  son  of  the  late  Rector  of  Newbury,  35. ;  a  poor 
gentleman  of  Hungary,  25.  6d. ;  one  with  a  license  to  beg,  who 
haunted  the  College  during  two  whole  days^  X2d. ;  two  Irishwomen  of 

*  A  scholar  of  i6og.  His  father,  Thomas  Coldwell,  was  Rector  of  Newbury 
i592-i6i8,also  Rector  of  Shaw  cum  Donnington,  and  from  1595-1598  Sub-dean 
of  Salisbury.     He  died  in  i6i8. 

*  There  are  many  references  in  the  Bursars'  books  to  beggars  who  even 
haunted  the  foot  of  Hall  steps.  Beggars  at  the  outer  gate  were  a  matter  of 
course,  and  were  not  disallowed  until  Warden  Barter  instituted  the  order 
of  '  Wccders.'    A  copy  of  '  The  Plea  of  the  Fellows  of  Winchester  College 


314  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

the  upper  class  (superioris  gradils)  with  four  children,  i-zd.  ;  two 
Irishmen,  9</. ;  Philip  Berry,  of  Limbrick  (sic)  whose  goods  had  been 
seized  by  the  Spaniards,  dd. ;  an  Irish  trader  (mercator),  cum  testi- 
monio  quod  in  expeditione  modo  ad  insulam  Rhe  ^  amiserat  ad 
valorem  dcccc^  12'^ ;  three  more  Irishmen,  9^/. ;  two  soldiers  who 
had  served  under  Morgan  "^^  6d.' 

The  career  of  William  Bevis  (adm.  1629)  was  a  remarkable 
one.  He  was  a  Royalist,  and  being  deprived  of  his  fellowship 
of  New  College  in  consequence,  served  as  major  in  a  regiment 
of  Royal  Horse  till  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  and  subsequently 
in  the  army  of  Charles  X,  King  of  Sweden.  At  the  Restoration 
he  was  recalled  to  New  College,  and  became  Vicar  of  Adder- 
bury.  In  1679  he  became  Bishop  of  Llandaff.  He  died  in  1705, 
aged  ninety  years. 

The  following  additions  to  the  College  Library  are  recorded 
in  1630 : — 

Philo  Judaeus,  175. ;  Eusebius,  20s. ;  Mendoza  on  Kings,  165. ; 
Berth  Theatrum  Geographiae  Veteris,  155. ;  Picus  Mirandula,  i6s.  6d. ; 
Cassandri  Opera,  32s, 

An  allusion  to  the  old  Cheyney  Court  is  found  in  an  item  of 
6s.  for  a  writ  '  in  curia  de  Cheyney '  against  Earle,  the  College 
tenant  at  Stoke  Park.  It  was,  properly  speaking,  the  Court  of 
the  Bishop  as  Lord  of  the  Soke  Manor,  in  which  the  steward 
presided,  but,  like  the  Pie  Powder  Courts,  had  extended  its 
jurisdiction.  It  was  held  in  the  old  house  inside  the  gateway 
leading  from  the  Close  to  Kingsgate  Street.  There  are  frequent 
references  to  it  in  the  Bursars'  books  of  the  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  centuries.  It  was  a  Court  of  Record,  held  every 
Thursday,  not  being  a  red  letter  saint's  day ;  and  owing  to  its 
speedy  process,  together  with  the  costs  being  very  much  more 
reasonable  than  in  the  Superior  Courts,  it  was  frequently  re- 
sorted to  for  the  recovery  of  debts,  of  which  it  had  cognisance  to 
any  extent  if  the  parties  were  in  the  liberty,  which  was  deemed 

against  the  Bishop  of  Winchester's  local  and  final  visitatorial  power  over  the 
said  College'  (Lond.  171 1)  was  presented  to  the  College  Library  in  1842  by  a 
Mr.  Henry  Edwards,  who  describes  himself  on  the  flyleaf  as  formerly  a  recipient 
of  alms  at  the  College  Gate. 

*  The  Duke  of  Buckingham's  unsuccessful  attempt  on  the  Isle  of  Rhe  in 
October  1627. 

'  Sir  Charles  Morgan,  who  commanded  the  expedition  of  1628  in  aid  of 
Christian  II  of  Denmark. 


Warden  Love.  315 

to  extend  over  the  greater  part  of  Hampshire.  It  was  abolished 
when  the  County  Courts  were  estabHshed.  Frequent  references 
occur  in  the  accounts  to  a  debtors'  prison  which  was  attached  to 
this  Court,  e.  g. :  *  Incarceratis  in  ly  Cheyney  prison  pro  pane 
etc.,  i8s.  6d.;*  in  1768:  *  Esuriem  passis  in  Cheyneo  ergastulo, 
qs.6d: 

The  following  purchases  are  recorded  in  the  Bursars'  Book 
of  1630 : — 

*  Eighty-two  earthenware  cups,  aos.6d. ;  thirty-six  ells  of"  huswives' 
cloth  "  at  22d.,  to  make  six  dozen  napkins,  ^3  65. ;  thirty-seven  ells  of 
canvas  (unbleached  linen),  at  14^?.,  for  the  scholars'  tables,  £2  3s.  2d. ; 
five  ells  of  the  same  for  the  servants'  tables,  55.  lod. ;  twelve  large 
pewter  dishes,  42^  lbs. ;  twelve  small  ditto,  33!  lbs. ;  twelve  broth 
bowls,  24J  lbs. ;  three  dozen  mutton  plates  (patinae  pro  came  ovina  *), 
70  lbs. ;  thirteen  porridge  bowls  (patinae  polentariae),  for  the  chil- 
dren, 15J  lbs. ;  twelve  sallet  dishes,  7  lbs.  Total,  192  lbs.  pewter,  at 
i2^d.,   less  43  lbs.  of  old  pewter  allowed  for  at  lo^d. ;    net  cash, 

£Q  25.  5^.' 

*  These,  it  may  be  conjectured,  were  for  the  Fellows'  table.  The  scholars  eat 
their  mutton  off  wooden  trenchers  until  a  time  within  living  memory. 


CHAPTER   XX. 

Warden  Harris  (1630-1658). 

His  character, — Warden's  power  over  schoolmaster. — Gift  of  sugar  loaves  to 
Judges  of  Assize. — Tenants'  right  to  timber. — Trainbands. — Arms  and 
armour. — Laud's  Injunctions. — Warden's  and  Fellows'  allowances. — Orna- 
ments of  Chapel. — Sir  Samuel  Morland. — Ship  Money. — Scholars'  vow  to 
talk  Latin. — Roger  Heigham's  Case. — Sickhouse. — Mr.  Justice  Holloway. 
— Dr.  More. — Case  of  felon's  goods. — Serjeant  Newdegate's  opinion. — The 
Parliamentarian  officer  who  protected  the  College. — Visit  of  Nathaniel 
Fiennes. — Waller  occupies  Winchester. — Burden  of  billeting  troops. — 
Cromwell  occupies  Winchester. — The  College  spared. — Dr.  Fell. — Excise 
on  beer  resisted. — Parliamentary  visitation  of  1647. — The  Warden's  course 
of  action. — Articles  against  him. — Plate  given  to  Charles  I.  Ornaments  of 
Chapel  in  1649. — Interference  with  election  of  Scholars. — Flatman. — 
Bishops  Turner  and  Ken. — John  Potenger. — Cromwell's  gift  of  books  to 
the  Library. — The  Cibbers. — A  Fox  in  College. — Use  of  fir  timber. 

James  Yelding,  one  of  the  Fellows  (who  died  himself  the 
next  year),  rode  to  Oxford  with  the  news  of  Love's  death,  and 
was  allowed  on  his  return  175.  iid.  for  his  own  and  servant's 
expenses,  and  8s.  for  horse  hire.  Dr.  John  Harris  (adm. 
1599)  was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy,  after  a  contest  with  Stan- 
ley, the  schoolmaster  \  Harris  was  a  resident  Fellow  of  New 
College,  and  held  the  Professorship  of  Greek  at  the  time  of 
his  election.  He  was  an  admirable  Grecian,  and  so  noted  a 
preacher  that  Sir  Henry  Savile,  according  to  Wood'^,  used  to 
say  that  he  was  second  only  to  St.  Chrysostom.  He  was  a 
Puritan  of  the  discreeter  sort ;  and  his  tact,  aided  by  the  regard 
in  which  he  was  held  by  Nathaniel  Fiennes  and  other  leaders 
of  the  Parliamentarian  party,  enabled  him  to  steer  the  College 

'  The  Vice- warden  and  six  of  the  Fellows  made  interest  with  the  Bishop  of 
London  in  Stanley's  favour,  and  Stanley,  who  was  one  of  the  King's  Chaplains, 
got  a  recommendatory  letter  from  the  King.  But  it  would  not  do,  (^Domestic 
State  Papers,  vol.  clxxiii,  Sept.  la,  1630). 

'  Fasti  Oxonienses, 


Warden  Harris.  317 

bark  safely  through  the  troubled  waters  of  that  period  \  He 
died  August  ii,  1658,  thus  just  missing  the  Restoration,  which 
he  no  doubt  would  have  welcomed,  and  leaving  a  reputation 
for  sagacity  excelled  by  no  other  Warden.  Discipline  in  the 
School  must  have  been  lax  at  the  time  when  he  succeeded 
Love,  if  we  are  not  to  regard  as  exaggerated  any  of  the  state- 
ments in  a  letter  which  the  Fellows  of  New  College — or  some 
of  them — addressed  to  a  Mr.  Hacket  on  his  election  to  a 
fellowship  of  Winchester,  only  a  few  weeks  after  the  new 
Warden  came  into  residence.  The  object  of  the  writers  appar- 
ently was  to  egg  on  Harris  to  assert  his  authority  over  Stanley, 
who  was  not  popular.  They  tell  Mr.  Hacket  that  the  Warden 
may  (a  polite  way  of  saying  '  ought ')  require  the  schoolmaster 

'  (i)  To  lie  within  the  College. 

*  (2)  To  attend  prayers  in  chapel  every  morning. 

'  (3)  He  may  (they  say)  hold  the  schoolmaster  to  his  school  hours, 
viz.,  from  7  to  9  a.m.,  and  2  to  4  p.m.,  or  3  to  5  p.m. ;  8  to  9.30  a.m. 
being  too  short. 

'(4)  It  is  in  his  (the  Warden's)  power  to  give  "remedies"  and 
to  reserve  the  gift  of  them  to  himself.  The  Dean  of  Westminster  and 
the  Provost  of  Eton  have  kept  that  power  in  their  own  hands,  by  a 
good  token  that  Dean  Mountain  denied  Bishop  Bilson  a  play  day 
after  he  was  a  privy  councillor. 

'  (5)  The  Warden  only  to  give  leave  into  the  town,  and  in  the 
Warden's  absence  the  sub-warden  and  schoolmaster  ;  though  to  avoid 
the  continual  trouble  thereof,  and  presuming  upon  the  schoolmaster's 
care  (he  being  a  man  commonly  of  the  Warden's  own  choyce), 
the  Warden  hath  commonly  referred  that  part  of  his  prerogative  to 
the  schoolmaster  only. 

*  (6)  The  Warden  hath  power  to  appoint  scholars'  tutors  (the 
Warden  of  New  College  holdeth  it  a  part  of  his  prerogative)  or  at 
least  to  scatter  pupils  and  diminish  the  charge,  which  is  grown  (they 
say)  too  heavie  for  poor  scholars.  And  the  number  and  cumber 
of  so  many  pupils  doth  hinder  the  schoolmaster  in  his  main  duty. 

'  (7)  To  avoid  severity  (according  to  my  Lo.  of  Winchester's  desire), 
the  Warden  may  order  that  any  great  and  enormous  fault,  which  may 
seem  to  deserve  above  five  stripes,  be  brought  to  himself,  that 
he,  with  the  other  officers,  may  consider  and  appoint  a  fitt  punish- 
ment.   Diligent  attendance  of  the  scholars  at  school,  church,  hall, 

*  The  inscriptions  on  his  brass  in  Cloisters  sums  up  his  merits  by  stating  that 
'  in  difficili  saeculi  illius  aestuario  per  varias  tempestates  navim  cui  praeficiebatur 
cum  Deo  rexit  et  sospitavit' 


31 8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

chambers,  and  Hills  will  prevent  faults,  and  save  much  of  that 
severity  which  hath  been  used,  and  otherwise  must  be  used  still,  or 
else  the  school  will  continue  as  disorderly  as  now  they  are.  And 
such  partial  kind  of  lenities  as  of  late  hath  been  used  only  for  private 
advantage  without  such  attendance,  hath  wronged  the  school  much 
more  than  the  old  severity. 

*  (8)  The  Warden  may  at  his  pleasure  come  into  the  schoole 
or  cloysters,  or  otherwise  send  for  the  scholars  to  examine  them, 
which  were  very  little  to  be  done  once  a  quarter,  or  about  every 
scrutiny  at  least;  that  so  partly  by  publick  examination,  partly 
by  private  information  at  scrutiny  or  otherwise,  the  Warden  may 
take  notice  how  the  scholars  are  applyed,  how  they  profit,  especially 
in  Greek,  (Dr.  Lake  being  but  Sub-Warden  was  wont  to  do  it),  and 
what  dunces  are  preferred  for  favour  and  reward,  what  good 
scholars  discountenanced  or  discouraged,  and  both  of  them  righted. 
This  will  make  the  schoolmaster  much  more  careful  both  in  teaching 
and  removing  scholars. 

*  These  things  and  the  like  it  is  very  fitt  the  schoolmaster 
should  know  them  to  be  in  the  Warden's  power,  however  he 
may  make  use  of  them  with  what  moderation  he  shall  think  fitt 
himself.  But  if  there  be  not  more  attendance  and  teaching,  lesse 
charges  and  whipping  than  is  reported,  the  school  will  never 
thrive,  nor  the  College  recover  its  power  againe.  For  ;^36o 
(which  the  schoolmaster,  they  say,  earneth  of  his  place),  cannot 
be  raised  from  seventy  children  and  about  twelve  commensals  ^ 
without  great  exactions.  So  wishing  the  Warden  hopefull 
government,  happy  successe,  not  doubting  but  that  you'll  give 
him  a  view  of  these  particulars,  we  rest, 

Your  assured  loving  friends, 

The  Fellows  of  New  College.' 

Notwithstanding  this  indictment  Stanley  remained  school- 
master till  1642,  when  he  retired  with  honour  on  a  prebendal 
stall  in  Winchester  Cathedral.  John  Potenger  (adm.  161 1),  a 
native  of  Burghfield,  in  Berkshire,  succeeded  him. 

The  custom  of  presenting  sugar  loaves  to  the  Judges  of 
Assize  and  the  Mayor  of  Winchester,  which  continued  into  the 
eighteenth  century,  is  mentioned  in  the  Bursars' book  of  1631  : — 

*  Pro  ly  sugarloafe  ponderant.  lof  lbs.  miss,  ad  dom.  maiorem 
nomine  Collegii,  i8s. ;  pro  ij  sugarloaves  ponderant.  22  lbs.  4  oz.  miss, 
ad  Dom.  Nich.  Hyde,  summum  justiciarium  Angliae,  £i  75.  xxd! 

'  Stanley  had  lost  his  day  boys  through  Imber's  secession.  See  Chapter 
VII. 


Warden  Harris.  319 

The  following  entry  in  1631 : — '  Paid  Mr.  Mason  for  making 
a  motion  in  Chauncerie  for  an  injunction  to  restrain  our 
tenants  at  Allington  from  cutting  of  wood,  £1  05.  od.,'  contains 
an  allusion  to  a  question  which  was  for  ever  arising  between 
the  College  and  their  tenants  as  to  the  right  of  the  latter  to  fell 
timber  for  repairs  at  their  discretion.  The  right  of  the  tenants 
to  such  timber,  either  at  common  law  or  by  virtue  of  the 
custom  of  their  respective  manors,  was  not  disputed.  What 
the  College  always  insisted  upon  was  that  timber  should  not  be 
cut  which  had  not  been  assigned  or  marked  by  the  woodman. 
The  fees  for  assigning  timber  formed  the  chief  emolument  of 
his  office.  The  tenants  at  Allington  were  cutting  timber  for 
sale,  and  were  restrained  by  injunction  from  cutting  it  unless 
it  had  been  assigned  for  repairs.  It  is  only  by  insisting  on  the 
observance  of  this  rule  that  a  sufficient  stock  of  timber  to  ensure 
future  repairs  can  be  kept  up. 

A  flying  visit  of  the  Lord  High  Treasurer  in  163 1  (in  the 
character  of  High  Steward  of  the  College  manors,  probably) 
led  to  the  consumption  of  a  gallon  of  brewed^  white  wine,  55. 6d.', 
a  pottle  of  white  wine  and  sugar,  2s.  ^d.  ;  cakes,  25. 

The  train  bands  were  mustered  four  times  in  the  summer  of 
1632,  viz.  on  June  i  and  28,  July  4,  and  August  6.  The  College 
doubled  their  contingent  in  this  year,  sending  two  men  instead 
of  one.  Those  two  men  received  2s.  apiece  from  the  Bursars 
every  time  they  attended  a  muster,  and  a  gratuity  of  is.  6d.  was 
given  to  '  ly  muster  master '  at  the  end  of  the  campaign.  The 
following  stock  of  arms  and  armour  was  kept  from  this  time  to 
the  end  of  the  Civil  War : — 

*  Imprimis.  One  blacke  demi-launce  with  demi  pauldrons ' :  another 
demi-launce  lent  to  Bishop  Bilson  '. 

Item.  One  white  demi-launce  with  custres  and  pauldrons :  four 
blacke  corseletts  with  murreons. 

Item.    Four  white  almond  rivetts  with  sculls. 

*  '  Go  brew  me  a  pottle  of  sack  finely,'  Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor, 
Act  iii.  Sc.  5. 

*  Pauldron  in  heraldry  is  '  that  part  of  a  man's  armour  which  covereth  the 
shoulder.*     Its  meaning  here  is  not  clear  to  me. 

'  Who  had  been  dead  since  1616. 


320  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Item.  Three  sheaves  of  arrowes,  two  paire  of  plate  sleeves,  and 
eighteen  other  arrowes. 

Item.    Six  calivers  with  eight  flaskes  and  three  touch  boxes. 

Item.  Seven  flaske  leathers  and  three  hangers,  one  hand  weapon 
with  pikes  and  a  gunne  at  ye  ende. 

Item.  One  poleax,  one  sprinkle,  one  blacke  bill,  five  pikes,  two 
demi-launce  stands,  and  two  light  horse  standes. 

Item.    One  red  horseman's  coate  and  horseman's  armour.' 

Books  purchased  in  1634-7  • — 

Cornelius  a  Lapide  on  Acts  and  Apocal3^se  :  Bibliotheca  Pa- 
trum  :  Eusebius  :  Cyril :  Synesius  :  Gregory  Neocesarensis  :  Basil : 
Macarius :  Harpysfield's  Ecclesiastical  History :  in  all,  £/)  6s. 
Concordance  to  English  Bible,  19s. :  Catalogus  interpretum  Scripturae 
in  the  Bodleian,  td. :  Mercator's  Atlas  :  Ruperti  Opera  :  Byzantine 
History  of  Nicephorus,  in  all  ;^i2.  Pro  ligandis  libris  DiTo  Regi  et 
Principi  Palatine  ^  datis,  is.  \d. 

Archbishop  Laud  held  a  Metropolitical  visitation  at  the 
College  in  1635.  He  had  held  one  at  Eton  in  the  previous 
year.  The  Commissioners,  John  Young,  Dean  of  Winchester; 
William  Lewis,  Master  of  St.  Cross  Hospital,  and  Prebendaries 
Kercher  and  Alexander,  held  a  sitting  in  Chapel  on  August  13, 
the  Warden  and  Fellows  protesting*,  with  the  object,  ap- 
parently, of  saving  the  right  of  appeal,  if  they  found  themselves 
aggrieved,  to  the  Court  of  Delegates.  Upon  receiving  the 
answer  of  the  Warden  and  Fellows  to  the  articles  of  inquiry, 
the  Archbishop  issued  his  Injunctions '',  which  are  quoted 
below  for  the  sake  of  the  light  which  they  throw  on  the  internal 
condition  of  the  Society  at  this  time  : — 

'  Imprimis.  That  none  who  is  incorporated  a  member  of  your 
College,  of  what  quality  soever,  do  at  any  time,  without  a  just  impe- 
diment or  constraining  necessity,  neglect  his  coming  in  due  time 
unto  morning  and  evening  prayer  in  your  chapel ;  and  that  George 
Jonson  *  one  of  your  fellows,  be  more  diligent  to  perform  his  duty 
therein  than  formerly  he  hath  done. 

*  II.   Item,  that  the  whole  divine  service,  according  to  the  form 

^  Charles  the  Elector  Palatine,  a  cousin  of  the  King,  and  pretender  to  the 
throne  of  Bohemia. 

*  See  Domestic  State  Papers,  vol.  ccxcvi,  Aug.  28,  1635.  Laud  resented  their 
interference  in  a  letter  addressed  to  Warden  Pinke  in  the  following  month. 

'  Wilkins,  Concilia,  iv.  517. 

*  Sch.  1583;  Fellow  1605-42;  Rector  of  Ashe,  Surrey. 


Warden  Harris.  321 

of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  be  always  read  on  Sundays  and 
other  solemn  days,  without  omission  of  the  Nicene  Creed  or  any 
other  part  thereof. 

'III.  Item,  that  your  chapel  be  from  time  to  time  kept  in  good 
repair,  the  ornaments  therein  made  seemly,  your  Communion  table 
comely,  and  decently  adorned,  and  also  placed  close  to  the  East  wall 
of  your  chancel,  having  the  ends  standing  North  and  South,  with  a 
rail  enclosing  the  same  ^ 

*  IV.  Item,  that  your  Fellows'  and  Scholars'  commons  be  aug- 
mented according  to  the  Statute  of  provision  ;  and  fire  allowed  in 
your  hall  in  the  winter  time  on  such  days  as  your  Statute  doth 
require. 

*V.  Item,  that  your  Warden  for  time  being  from  henceforth 
have  no  allowance  for  diet  when  he  is  absent  from  your  College, 
unless  your  Statutes  do  allow  it  unto  him  ^ 

*  This  injunction  was  obeyed.  At  the  time  of  the  Visitation  the  table  was 
kept  in  the  sacristy,  and  brought  out  in  Puritan  fashion  whenever  the  Holy 
Communion  was  going  to  be  administered. 

^  The  following  allowances  to  the  Warden  had  been  ratified  by  the  Chamber 
in  the  year  1629  : — 

'  Beef  (weekly^ — Three  double  pieces  of  the  first  choice  for  himself  and  four 
single  pieces  after  the  Fellows  have  chosen. 

'  Mutton  (weekly). — Two  sheep  weighing  8olbs,  and  if  they  are  above  in 
weight  Mr.  Warden  is  to  pay  the  butcher  for  the  overplus. 

'Veale  and  Pork  (weekly)  for  his  third  dish,  i8s.  40?. 

'  Fish  days. — Fridays  and  Saturdays  for  himself  and  his  servants  two  such 
lings  as  the  Fellows  have,  and  of  that  price.  In  fresh  fish,  butter  and  eggs, 
weekly  8s.  In  other  extraordinary  fish  days  the  former  allowance  of  fish  to  be 
disposed  of  at  his  own  pleasure,  instead  of  all  provision  of  fish  and  other  cates 
for  those  days. 

'Visitors. — For  visitors  to  Mr.  Warden,  (yearly)  ;^io. 

'  Vinegar  (yearly). — One  barrel. 

*  Sugar,  spice,  fruit. — As  much  in  equal  proportion  to  be  allowed  quarterly  as 
the  schoolmaster,  fellows,  chaplains,  usher  and  commensales  do  spend,  except  in 
election  week. 

'  Salt  (yearly). — White  4  bushels,  bay  4  bushels. 

'  Bread  (weekly). — 100  casts. 

'  Flour. — As  much  as  two  Fellows  and  children  spend,  the  election  week 
excepted. 

'  Beer  (3-early). — 25  tuns  or  100  hhds.*  and  a  tun  of  strong  beer. 

'  Wood. — 4000  tallwood,  4000  faggots,  Mr.  Warden  paying  for  making  and 
half  the  carriage. 

'  Coles  (charcoal)  yearly. — £'^  6s.  Bd. 

'  Oysters. — Every  Friday  100,  and  every  fast  day,  100.' 


*  About  fifteen  gallons  daily. 
Y 


322  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

*VI.  Item,  that  your  Warden,  Fellows,  and  Chaplains  and  others 
the  Officers  of  your  College  do  usually  frequent  your  College  hall 
at  meal  times  and  take  their  diet  there  as  your  Statutes  do  enjoin  ; 
and  that  none  be  suffered  to  carry  their  commons  to  private  houses. 

'VII.  Item,  that  your  College  gates  be  every  day  shut  up  at  due 
and  appointed  times,  and  that  none  be  permitted  to  come  in  or  go 
out  in  the  night  season,  without  consent  of  the  governors  of  your 
College,  and  upon  special  and  urgent  occasion. 

'VIII.  Item,  that  the  Fellow  of  your  College  that  is  Rider 
for  the  keeping  of  the  Courts  be  from  time  to  time  made  acquainted 
with  all  fines  and  grants  of  copyholds  belonging  to  your  College ; 
and  the  true  accounts  be  thereupon  duly  given  up  unto  those  that 
are  appointed  by  your  Statutes  to  receive  them, 

'  IX.  Item,  that  your  Warden  make  satisfaction  for  the  un- 
necessary charge  he  hath  put  your  College  to  in  building  himself 
lodgings,  a  staircase,  and  balcony  window,  and  for  the  College  money 
he  expended  in  furniture  for  those  his  lodgings  and  buildings, 
amounting  (as  we  are  informed)  to  ccxx^  ^ 

'X.  Item,  that  the  allowances  agreed  as  in  the  lord  Archbishop 

A  paper  supposed  to  be  Pew's,  who  was  cook  about  this  time,  describes  the 
Fellows'  allowances  in  his  day  : — 

'  Sunday  dinner. — To  every  Commons  of  Roste  Beef  a  6d.  Commons  in 
second  course  ;  at  supper,  roste  breasts  of  mutton,  and  a6rf.  Commons  in  second 
(i.e.  to  follow)  every  half  breast. 

'  Monday  dinner. — Boiled  beef,  and  to  every  3  commons  of  boiled  beef  i  com- 
mons of  boiled  mutton. 

'  Wednesday  and  Thursday  dinners  the  same. 

'  Monday  supper. — Loyns  of  mutton  rosted  and  to  every  mess  of  mutton  a  6d. 
second.  Wednesday  supper  the  same  as  Monday  supper.  Thursday  supper ; 
shoulders  of  mutton  rosted,  and  a  6d.  commons  in  second  to  every  commons  of 
mutton. 

'  Tuesday's  Dinner. — Leggs  of  mutton  boyled,  and  to  every  commons  of 
mutton  a  6d.  commons  to  second. 

'  Friday's  dinner. — Stucklings  (a  kind  of  apple  turnover  seasoned  with  carra- 
ways  and  allspice,  not  nice,  which  is  still  served  at  Domum  dinner)  and  fish. 
A  6d.  commons  to  every  master's  commons. 

*  Saturday's  dinner. — The  same  as  Friday's.' 

•  This  appears  to  be  a  calumny.  It  was  met  by  a  respectful  protest  on  the 
part  of  the  Sub-warden  and  six  of  the  Fellows,  who  say  '  The  new  buildings  con- 
tained within  our  Warden's  lodgings  were  erected  above  twenty  years  since. 
Nothing  added  since  this  Warden's  coming,  but  only  a  balcony  window  and  a 
staircase  leading  to  a  private  walk  of  his  on  the  backside  of  the  College  ;  charge 
£»%  zs.  gd,  and  no  more,  disbursed  by  Bursars  with  general  approbation  of  the 
Fellows  .  .  .  only  rooms  he  hath  furnished  are  two,  those  of  the  Warden  of 
New  College  and  the  Posers.'  Compare  the  charges  levelled  against  Bentley  by 
the  Fellows  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  in  1710. 


Warden  Harris.  323 

Bancroft's  time,  our  worthy  predecessor,  be  observed  by  your 
Warden  and  others  the  Members  and  Officers  of  your  College  ; 
being  very  favourable  on  the  Warden's  behalf:  and  that  the  ten 
pounds,  which  your  Warden  takes  yearly  for  wine,  be  bestowed 
as  is  appointed  by  your  College  Statutes.  ' 

'  XI.  Item,  that  such  reverence  be  used  in  your  chapel,  both  in 
your  access  thereto,  and  recess  therefrom,  and  also  in  service  time, 
as  is  practised  in  Cathedral  churches,  and  is  not  dissonant  to  the 
Canons  and  Constitutions  of  the  Church  of  England :  and  that  no 
Fellow  or  other  belonging  to  your  College,  of  what  degree  soever, 
presume  to  come  thither  without  his  cap  and  hood. 

'  XII.  Item,  we  require  that  these  our  injunctions  be  carefully 
registered  and  observed. 

*  Dated  May  28,  1636.' 

The  following  inventory  of  the  contents  of  the  Chapel  was 
taken  at  this  visitation : — 

*  One  fayre  payre  of  organs,  in  reparing  and  beautifying  whereof 
has  lately  been  spent pounds '  and  upwards  on  account. 

Two  silver  flaggons,  double  gilt,  for  the  use  of  the  Holy  Eucharist. 

Two  silver  chalices,  with  covers,  for  the  same  use. 

One  fayre  pall  of  tissue,  white  and  blue,  lined  with  canvas. 

One  other  pall  of  green  bawdekin  silk,  with  flowers  of  gold,  lined. 

Three  Communion  Table  cloths,  one  of  diaper,  the  other  two 
of  holland. 

One  cushion  of  purple  velvet  for  the  pulpit.  Three  long  cushions 
of  green  velvet,  one  branched,  the  others  plain.  Two  old  cushions  of 
purple  velvet.  Three  old  cushions  of  tapestry,  and  one  of  Turkey 
work  with  the  Founder's  arms. 

Four  silk  cushions  of  needlework. 

An  old  carpet  of  tapestry  with  the  Founder's  arms. 

Two  deskcloths  of  red  damask,  and  one  other  of  "  pannel  stuflfe  " 
with  a  fringe. 

Four  stall  cloths  of  red  bawdekin  silk,  with  a  long  cushion  made  of 
an  old  pall.' 

Distributio  pauperihus  in  1636-8  : — 

*  Pauperi  erudito  Germanico,  6</. ;  paralytico  seni  a  balneis  redeunti 
(returning  from  Bath)  qui  et  ludimagister  et  sacerdos  fuerat,  is. ;  tres 
mulierculae  de  Hibemia,  xs. ;  an  Irishman  from  Cambridge,  25. ;  a 
poor  Greek  scholar,  is. ;  prisoners  of  war  from  Dunkirk  {sic)  is. ; 

'  The  blank  is  in  the  originaL 
Y  2 


324  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Newbolt,  a  chorister  who  was  sick,  ids.  ;  a  barrister  named  Early, 
in  prison  for  debt,  is. ;  Patrick  Poines,  whose  goods  had  been 
plundered  by  the  French,  2s. ;  the  people  of  Kilrush  in  Ireland, 
whose  town  had  been  consumed  by  fire  and  plundered  by  Turks  {sic), 

I06-.' 

Sir  Samuel  Morland  (adm.  1638)  was  the  son  of  the  Rector 
of  Sulhamstead  Abbots  in  Berkshire,  and  graduated  at 
Magdalene  College,  Cambridge.  He  went  to  Sweden  in  1653 
with  Bulstrode  and  Whitlocke's  embassy,  and  was  afterwards 
sent  by  Cromwell  with  a  diplomatic  protest  against  the  persecu- 
tion of  the  Piedmontese  Protestants  by  the  Duke  of  Savoy. 
He  was  created  a  baronet  at  the  Restoration,  and  died  in  1696. 
Evelyn '  alludes  repeatedly  to  his  ingenuity  and  inventions. 

Books  bought  in  1639  : — 

Cluverii  Opera,  4  vols. :  Spanhemii  Evangelia,  2  vols. :  Campan- 
ella,  4  vols. :  Suavi  Concordia  :  Pitsaeus  de  rebus  Anglicis  :  Apostolii 
Paroimia :  Cluserii  Epitomiae  :  Juliani  Opera  Graecolatina :  Capel 
de  Cena  Christi :  Ffolliott  in  Cantica  :  Apologia  Francisci  de  Sancta 
Clara :  Spelmanni  Concilia  et  Glossaria,  2  vols. : — £g. 

Under  custus  pasturae  appears  an  item  of  £2  8s.  '  pro 
ly  Shipp  money  *  on  Stoke  Park,  the  famous  impost  for 
the  support  of  the  Navy,  of  which  Hampden  had  disputed  the 
legality  two  years  before.  The  Order  of  Council,  dated  August 
12,  1635,  imposed  £6000  ship  money  on  the  County  of  South- 
ampton in  the  following  proportions  : — 

i) 

Winchester 200 

Southampton 200 

Portsmouth 70 

Andover 50 

Romsey 30 

Basingstoke 60 

Rest  of  county 5390 

/6000 

The  Warden  and  Fellows  were  exempted  from  the  assess- 
ment to  ship  money,  except  for  Stoke  Park,  which  they  farmed 
themselves,  on  the  ground  that  their  lands  were  contributing  in 

'  Diary,  lo  Oct.  1687;  16  Oct.  1671;  10  Sept.  1677;  16  May  1683;  25  Oct. 
1696. 


Warden  Harris.  325 

the  places  where  they  lie.  In  other  words,  their  lessees  were 
assessed. 

The  example  of  the  eighteen  scholars  who  bound  themselves 
in  the  autumn  of  1639  to  talk  Latin  till  the  ensuing  Pentecost, 
will  not  be  followed  now  that  Latin  has  ceased  to  be  the 
spoken  language  of  diplomacy.  To  be  able  to  talk  Latin  then 
went  as  far  as  being  able  to  talk  French,  Italian,  and  German 
now.  The  agreement  is  quoted  here  for  the  sake  of  the  com- 
pliment to  Warden  Harris,  himself  an  elegant  Latin  scholar ', 
which  it  contains  : — 

'  Nos,  quorum  nomina  subscripta  sunt,  Collegii  Beatae  Mariae 
Winton  prope  Winton.  scholares,  memores  antiqui  moris  et  disciplinae 
hujusloci,memores  Legum  Paedagogicarum,  memores  denique  officii  et 
obsequii  quod  Reverendo  D°o  Custodi  nostro  haec  a  nobis  jam  saepius 
postulanti  debemus  :  tandem  sancte  promittimus  nos  ab  eo  tempore 
quo  praesenti  huic  chartae  subscripsimus  ad  festum  Pentecostes 
proxime  futurum  in  schola  hujus  Collegii,  in  aula,  in  cubiculis,  in 
omni  denique  loco  quo  convenire  una  et  conversari  solemus,  Latino 
usuros  sermone  et  non  alio,  nisi  forte  ad  aliquem  habendus  sit  sermo, 
qui  illius  linguae  sit  penitus  ignarus.  Quod  si  qui  nostrum  aliter 
sciens  volensque  fecerit,  hunc  peccati  apud  Deum,  infamiae  apud 
homines  reum  esse  volumus  et  haberi. 

Ego  Gulielmus  Ailife  libens  subscripsi  decimo  quarto  die  Octobris 
Anno  Dm  1639 


Gulielmus  Wither 
Abel  Makepeace 
Henricus  Allanson 
Ricardus  Rowlandson 
Thomas  Pyle 
Edward  Stanley 
Johannes  Harris 
Johannes  Nubery 
Thomas  Hollo  way 
Georgius  Hussey,  eodem  die 


Ricardus  Croke 

Franciscus  Younge 

Jermanus  Richards 

Robertus  Baynham 

Henricus  Compton 

Henricus  AUworth,  decimo 
nono  die  Decembris  sub- 
scripsi 

Thomas  Rivers,  eodem  die.' 


Roger  Heigham,  a  scholar  of  1639,  succeeded  to  New  College 
in  1648,  and  was  ejected  at  the  end  of  that  year  by  the 
Parliamentary  Commissioners.  He  was  a  nominee  of  Warden 
Harris,  who  writes  to  his  son  (Jan.  31,  1649-50) : — 

'  I  understand  by  your  brother  in  Oxford  that  there  is  great  talk  of 
putting  out  more  of  the  Fellows  at  New  College,  but  he  cannot 

*  Drafts  of  several  of  his  Latin  speeches  and  letters  are  preserved  in  the  muni- 
ment room. 


$26  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

tell  me  the  particulars.  ...  I  pray  you  write  me  word  what  is  done 
there,  that  if  occasion  be,  I  may  send  Roger  Heigham  to  Oxford,  to 
see  if  in  a  general  scramble  he  can  get  something.' 

It  appears  from  another  letter  to  young  Harris  what  course 
the  Commissioners  pursued.  They  called  the  Fellows  in,  and 
asked  each  of  them  whether  he  submitted  to  their  visitation. 
Those  who  like  Heigham  denied  the  competency  of  the  Com- 
missioners were  ejected  then  and  there.  The  Warden  advised 
Heigham  to  appeal  for  mercy,  on  the  ground  that  he  was  only 
a  probationer,  and  had  answered  like  the  rest,  without  intend- 
ing to  question  the  competency  of  the  Commissioners  to  visit 
the  University,  but  only  to  question  their  competency  to  visit 
New  College,  having  regard  to  the  Statute  '  De  Visitatione,* 
which  declares  that  the  College  shall  only  be  visited  by  actual 
members  of  the  University,  which  a  few  members  of  the  Com- 
mission were  not.  However,  this  plea,  ingenious  as  it  was, 
did  not  prevail  with  the  Commissioners,  and  poor  Heigham 
remained  without  a  fellowship  until  August  30,  1660. 

In  the  year  1640  Warden  Harris  founded  'Sickhouse,'  build- 
ing at  his  own  expense  in  the  Carmelite's  Mead  the  front 
and  older  portion  of  the  present  building.  The  back  and  more 
commodious  portion  of  Sickhouse  was  built  at  the  expense  of 
the  Rev.  John  Taylor,  in  1775.  Harris,  who  was  a  Hebrew 
scholar  (he  had  been  Hebrew  reader  at  New  College)  called  it 
Bethesda',  the  house  of  mercy,  and  inscribed  that  word  in 
Hebrew  letters  over  the  doorway.  Over  the  window  on  the 
east  side  of  the  door  is  the  following  legend  : — 

'Votum  Authoris  pro  pueris. 
Jehovah  qui  sanitatis  author  est  unicus,  noxia,  precor, 
Omnia  a  vestris  capitibus  arceat  ac  repellat.' 

And  over  the  window  on  the  west  side  of  the  door : — 

'Votum  puerorum  pro  authore. 
Cubantis  in  lecto  languoris  extremo  cor  eius 
Et  artus  Jehovah  caret  foveat  ac  sustentet.' 

It  is  remarkable  that  '  Sickhouse '  was  not  furnished  till  the 
year  1668,  and  then  inadequately  enough  with  the  proceeds  of 
a  legacy  by  Warden  Harris  for  that  purpose.     This  is  the 

'  '  Sumptibus  Harrisii  fuit  aediiicata  Bethesda.' 


Warden  Harris.  327 

inventory  of  articles  purchased  'juxta  legatum  Dm  Harris ' :  *  A 
pair  of  bellows,  is.  8d;  four  chairs,  55. ;  a  table,  3s. ;  a  bedstead 
with  a  bottom  of  sacking  (cubile  ad  funem),  14s. ;  tin  utensils, 
3s.  6d. ;  duae  matulae,  4s. ;  twelve  spoons,  2s. ;  two  candlesticks, 
IS.  id. ;  earthenware,  6rf. ;  duo  lasana,  £1  'js.6d.'  The  scholars 
evidently  brought  their  bedding,  &c.,  with  them  from  chambers 
when  they  'went  continent,'  and  the  nurse  found  her  own 
bedding  and  furniture.  Four  bedsteads  with  'cheney '  (chintz  ?), 
furniture  at  £5  125.  ^d.  each  were  purchased  in  1777  for  the 
Sickhouse ;  but  the  scholars  continued  to  bring  their  own 
bedding  with  them  until  recently. 

Richard  Holloway  (adm.  1640)  rose  to  be  a  puisne  justice  of 
the  King's  Bench.  He  was  one  of  the  four  judges  who  tried 
the  Seven  Bishops  in  1688  upon  their  refusal  to  read  the 
Declaration  for  giving  Liberty  of  Conscience  (as  it  was  styled) 
pursuant  to  the  injunction  of  James  H.  Evelyn  says^,  'The 
Chief  Justice,  Wright,  behaved  with  great  moderation  and 
civility  to  the  Bishops.  Alibone,  a  Papist,  was  strongly  against 
them ;  but  Holloway  and  Powell  being  of  opinion  in  their 
favour,  they  were  acquitted.'  Three  days  later  he  says,  *  The 
two  Judges,  Holloway  and  Powell,  were  displaced.' 

Venditio  bosci,  or  timber  money,  appears  for  the  first  time  in 
1641.  Hitherto  College  timber  had  been  felled  for  repairs 
only,  in  obedience  to  the  Statutes,  and  not  for  sale.  This 
new  source  of  income  was  not  neglected  ;  and  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  last  and  beginning  of  the  present  century,  was  a  valuable 
source  of  revenue  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows. 

Dr.  More  (adm.  1579),  who  was  a  Prebendary  of  Winchester 
and  Chichester  Cathedrals,  left  the  pick  of  his  library  to  the 
Society  in  1641.  'Sol.  in  regardis  in  domo  More  per  socium 
evolventem  libros  Doctoris  More  nuper  defuncti  ijs.'  Under 
'custuslibrarie  '  in  1641  we  find  'thirteen  dozen  chains,  £3  i8s.; 
chaining  57  books,  3s.'  This  was  not  so  much  to  prevent  the 
books  being  removed,  as  to  ensure  their  being  kept  in  their 
places. 

An  item  of  7s.  6d.  for  7I  days'  labour  in  eradicating  bindweed 
or  '  lily '  (pro  eradicanda  colubrina  sive  bistorta)  in  the  Fellows' 
garden  occurs  in  the  Bursars'  book  of  1641. 

•  Diary,  ag  June  and  2  July,  1688. 


328  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

In  the  same  year  a  legal  question  as  to  the  right  of  the 
College  to  the  goods  of  felons  within  their  manors  was  decided 
in  favour  of  the  College.  A  tenant  of  the  manor  of  Sydling 
died  by  his  own  hand,  and  the  coroner's  jury  found  a  verdict  of 
felo  de  se,  whereupon  the  bailiff  of  the  manor  seized  his  goods. 
The  representatives  of  the  deceased  challenged  his  right  to  do 
so,  and  brought  an  action.  Two  instances  were  produced  in 
which  the  right  had  been  exercised,  one  in  the  manor  of  Eling, 
the  other  in  the  manor  of  Ropley^  but  the  charter  con- 
ferring the  right  had  to  be  produced  ;  which  being  mislaid,  an 
exemplification  of  it  had  to  be  obtained.  This  is  the  bill  of  costs 
from  the  Bursars'  book  of  1641 : — 

£  s.   d. 

The  Master  of  the  Crown  Office,  for  searches        .        .  o  10    o 

The  Clerks  there 050 

Boat  hire  four  times,  going  and  returning  "^     .        .        .  050 

Mr.  Offley  the  Attorney's  fee  in  Michaelmas  Term         .  034 

Counsel's  hand  to  the  plea o  10    o 

Search  at  the  Rolls 010 

„      in  the  Exchequer,  on  Mr.  Gundry's  side    .        .  020 

»          „               „          on  Sir  —  Fanshawe's  side     .  010 

Mr.  Eliott  an  Attorney's  fee 034 

A  copy  of  the  Patent  of  K.  Henry  VI o  18    o 

„  „  the  inquisition  and  plea,  with 

the  Attorney's  fee  in  Hilary  Term    .        .        .        .  o  13    8 

Drawing  confession  of  Mr.  Attorney-General  .  .  028 
A  copy  of  the  certificate  for  Meonstoke  ^  35.  ^d. ;   the 

Six  Clerks'  fee,  35.  4^. ;  Mr.  Kelway's  fee,  35.  ^d.    .  o  10    o 

Mr.  Twisden,  of  counsel o  10    o 

Mr.  Offley  the  Attorney's  fee  in  Easter  Term         .        .  034 

,,                                   „           Trinity  Term       .        .  034 

An  ulterius  lilo  * 048 

Copying  the  plea 054 

Entering  the  same o  13    4 

The  Attorney-General's  Clerk's  fee  in  the  plea  touching 

the  Charter 200 

i:8    5    o 


•  *  Sol.  M"  Kelynge  de  ly  croune  office  pro  copia  duarum  inquisitionum  de 
felonibus  de  se  apud  Elynge  et  Ropley  vj'  viij'*.' 

'  From  Queenhithe  to  Westminster  and  back. 

*  For  use  in  the  manor  of  that  name.  *  Meaning  unknown. 


Warden  Harris.  329 

Another  case  occurred  in  the  manor  of  Sydling  in  the  year 
1674.  One  Robert  Arnold  of  Broad  Sydling,  a  tenant  under 
the  College,  committed  suicide  Nov.  24,  1673.  The  College 
seized  his  goods,  and  granted  them  by  deed  to  Nicholas 
Hussey  and  others  upon  trust  to  raise  the  arrears  of  rent  due 
by  Arnold  to  the  College,  and  £20  as  an  acknowledgment  of 
their  title,  and  to  stand  possessed  of  the  residue  for  the  benefit 
of  Arnold's  sisters,  he  having  left  no  wife  or  child.  The  title 
of  the  College  to  the  goods  being  questioned,  for  the  reason 
that  Sydling  did  not  belong  to  the  College  at  the  date  of  the 
charter,  the  opinions  of  Sir  John  Maynard  and  Serjeant  Newde- 
gate  were  taken  upon  the  point.  That  of  Sir  John  Maynard 
is  lost.     I  subjoin  the  Serjeant's  opinion  : — 

Case. 

*  King  Henry  VI  by  his  letters  patent,  dated  July  4,  22  H.  VI, 
grants  to  ye  Warden,  Scholars,  and  Chaplains  of  Saint  Mary 
College  of  Winchester  near  Winchester  omnia  bona  et  catalla  quae 
vocantur  "  waifes  "  de  et  in  diversis  maneriis  terris  et  tenementis  et 
feodis  suis  quae  nunc  habeant  et  extunc  sint  habituri.  Et  quod 
habeant  catalla  felonum  de  se,  tarn  omnium  hominum  suorum,  quam 
omnium  tenentium  suorum,  integre  tenentium  et  non  integre  tenen- 
tium,  resident,  et  non  resident,  quorumcunque,  tam  infra  dominia 
terras  et  possessiones  quam  feoda  praedicta. 

*  H.  VIII  grants  to  the  aforesaid  College  the  manor  of  S  in 
exchange  for  other  lands,  and  the  College  have  since  enjoyed  felons' 
goods  under  the  said  manor. 

*A  having  a  house  and  family  within  the  manor  of  S  where 
he  usually  resided,  travailing  thence  towards  London  became  /eh 
de  se,  having  divers  goods  in  ye  manor  of  S  and  other  goods  in 
other  places.' 

*  Q.  I.  Whether  the  Charter  of  H.  VI  be  sufficient  to  grant  ye 
College  ye  goods  oi  felo  de  se  in  the  manor  of  S  which  came  to  the 
College  after  ye  Charter  ? 

*  A.    I  doe  conceive  it  is. 

'  Q.  2.  Whether  if  it  be,  ye  goods  of  A  shall  be  forfeited  to  ye 
Colledge  though  he  killed  himself  out  of  ye  manor  ? 

*  A.    I  take  it  they  shall. 

*  Q-  3-  Whether  ye  Colledge  shall  not  have  the  goods  of  A  which 
were  in  other  manors  as  well  as  those  which  were  in  ye  manor  of 
S  at  the  time  of  ye  death  ? 

*  A.  I  am  of  opinion  that  wheresoever  he  was  possessed  of  goods 
the  Colledge  is  well  entitled  to  them. 

'  July  4,  /74.'  '  Ric.  Newdegate. 


33°  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Serjeant  Newdegate's  fee  was  £2.  Sir  John  Maynard's  fee 
was  £1  ;  clerk,  2s.     The  attorney's  bill  was  £2  95.  iid. 

Distributio  pauperibus  in  1641  : — Sailors  who  had  been  plun- 
dered by  pirates  from  Dunkirk,  is. ;  a  captive  redeemed  from 
the  Turks,  'qui  quinquies  sub  hasta  venierat,'  is.;  pauperi 
generoso  a  gyrgatho  (the  Cheyney  prison,  I  think)  nuper 
dimisso,  6d. ;  one  from  Ireland  who  had  been  robbed  by  the 
Turks,  and  was  going  with  his  family  to  Belgium,  is. 

Adams  {Wykehamica,  p.  89)  relates  a  romantic  story  of  the 
traditional  Parliamentarian  officer,  who  had  been  a  scholar  on 
the  foundation,  and  mindful  of  the  oath  which  he  had  sworn, 
defended  the  College  against  the  violence  of  a  fanatic  soldiery. 
Something  of  the  kind  may  have  occurred  at  the  Cathedral, 
where  the  tomb  of  Wykeham  suffered  comparatively  little 
damage  \  but  there  is  no  great  occasion  to  believe  it  to  have 
occurred  at  the  College.  The  Roundheads  were  not  enemies 
of  education ;  and  there  is  really  no  reason  to  imagine  that  any 
officer  of  the  rebel  forces  ever  stood  with  sword  unsheathed  in 
front  of  Outer  Gate,  and  defended  his  old  school  in  her  hour  of 
need.  The  story  most  likely  grows  out  of  the  memory  of  a 
visit  which  Nathaniel  Fiennes  (adm.  1623)  paid  to  the  College 
in  the  winter  of  the  year  1642.  It  was  on  the  afternoon  of 
December  12  that  Fiennes,  not  a  Colonel  as  yet,  arrived  at  the 
College  in  command  of  a  small  party  of  horse,  on  his  way  to 
join  the  force  with  which  Waller  routed  Lord  Grandison  on  the 
morrow  and  took  the  Castle  of  Winchester. 

Rushworth  says  ^ : — • 

'  The  Lord  Grandison  and  others  took  up  their  quarters  at  Win- 
chester. Sir  William  Waller,  Colonel  Brown  and  Colonel  Harvey 
came  before  that  city,  against  whom  there  sallied  out  two  regiments 
of  foot  and  afterwards  a  party  of  horse  :  but  being  both  beaten  back 
with  loss,  those  within  retreated  to  the  Castle,  and  the  assailants 
beginning  to  scale  the  walls,  they  desired  quarter,  which  was. granted  ; 
only  detaining  prisoners  the  commanders  and  officers  ;  and  the 
common  soldiers,  being  near  800,  were  stripped  and  dismissed  ;  but 
the  Lord  Grandison  and  Major  Willis  made  their  escape  as  they 
were  carrying  them  to  Portsmouth,  having,  as  was  supposed, 
charmed  their  keepers  with  a  good  sum  of  money,  and  so  got  to 
Oxford.* 

'  Chapter  XXI.  »  Part  III,  Book  II. 


Warden  Harris.  331 

It  was  natural  that  Fiennes  should  stop  at  the  College  and 
billet  his  party  there.  He  was  a  Founder's  kinsman  himself; 
he  had  a  nephew  (Christopher  Turpin)  on  the  foundation  at  the 
time,  and  he  was  a  friend  and  correspondent  of  the  Warden. 
Besides  these  inducements,  the  outer  Court  (inasmuch  as  the 
beer  was  not  kept  in  the  brewhouse,  but  in  the  cellar,  under 
lock  and  key),  was  the  best  place  in  the  world  for  his  men  to 
pass  the  night  in.  Fiennes  himself  slept  in  the  Warden's 
lodgings  with  a  sentinel  at  the  door.  No  damage  whatever  is 
recorded,  and  the  stock  was  only  diminished  to  the  extent  of 
sixty  one-pound  loaves  for  the  men's  supper  and  breakfast,  and 
twelve  bushels  of  malt  for  their  horses.  It  must  be  admitted 
that  Fiennes  allowed  his  men  to  levy  a  contribution  before  they 
went  away ;  but  they  resorted  to  no  acts  of  violence.  The 
following  references  to  the  incident  occur  in  the  Bursars'  book 
for  1642 : — 

£   s.   d. 

Militibus  M'^  Fines 20    o    o 

Quibusd.  militibus  relictis  ^ 500 

Sex  aliis  militibus 200'' 

Pro  modio  frumenti  expens.  in  militibus.      .        .        .        050 
Militibus  quibusdam  per  M™°*  Racket  et  M'""»  infor- 

matorem 050 

Ric®  Frampton  (the  brewer)  pro  xij  modiis  brasii  pro 

equis  famulorum  M"  Fines  tempore  guerrae         .        156 
Pro  le  watch  in  hospitio  Dm  Custodis  .        .        .        .        006 

£di  16    o 


Under  distributio  pauperibus  in  1643  some  entries  occur  of 
relief  given  to  wounded  soldiers.  But  no  more  visits  of  troops 
on  the  march  disturbed  the  tranquillity  of  the  Society.  The 
spring  and  autumn  progresses  took  place  as  usual.  Owing  to 
the  high  price  of  corn,  rents  were  up,  and  there  was  money 
to  spare  for  improvements.  The  schoolmaster's  chamber 
was  wainscoted  for  £4  15.,  and  then  painted  at  a  cost  of 
£4  IS.  lid.  Six  chairs  in  Russia  leather  were  bought  for 
£2  5s.  8</.,  and  put  into  the  chamber  of  Mr.  Wither,  one  of  the 
Fellows.     Gravel  walks  were  made  in  the  Fellows'  garden, 

*  For  the  defence  of  the  College,  I  suppose. 

'  If  the  other  soldiers  were  paid  at  the  same  rate  the  total  number  of  soldiers 
'  was  eighty-one. 


332  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

where  a  bowling  green  had  existed  since  1632,  and  the  old 
hop  garden  was  planted  with  apple  trees. 

The  surprise  of  Colonel  Boles  at  Alton,  near  the  end  of  1643, 
was  followed  by  the  battle  of  Cheriton  Down  on  March  29, 
1644.  Waller  pushed  on  after  the  retiring  Royalists  to 
Winchester.  The  Mayor,  prudent  man,  offered  him  the  keys  of 
the  city ;  but  he,  declining  them,  moved  on  to  Bishop's  Wal- 
tham  and  Christchurch,  which  he  took,  and  then  returning  to 
Winchester,  found  the  gates  shut  against  him,  and  his  entrance 
into  the  city  refused  ;  whereupon,  battering  the  gates,  he 
entered  by  force,  which  occasioned  great  damage  to  the  in- 
habitants by  the  unruly  soldiers,  who  could  not  be  restrained 
from  plundering  \  Thanks  to  Wykeham's  prescience  in  found- 
ing the  College  without  the  city  wall,  the  Society  sustained  no 
harm  or  loss  on  this  occasion.  The  only  reference  to  passing 
events  on  the  part  of  the  Bursars  for  the  year  will  be  found 
under  distrihutio  pauperibus : — 

'  Dat.  iij  militibus  yulneratis  ad  Alton  vj* ;  duobus  militibus  vul- 
neratis  ad  Tichborne  in  Kingsgate  St,  j^ ;  militi  cuidam  generoso  (a 
cavalier)  qui  eruperat  de  carcere  ij*  vj^.' 

It  is  noticeable  that  Harris  about  this  time,  or  perhaps  a  little 
before,  sent  Mr.  Jones,  the  steward,  to  the  King  at  Oxford,  to 
solicit  his  protection  for  the  College : — 

'  In  expensis  M"  Jones  euntis  et  redeuntis  inter  Winton.  et  Oxon. 
et  in  regardis  datis  per  eundem  in  perquirendo  regiam  protectionem 
pro  CoUegio,  iiij^  xvj^  iiij^.* 

Where  the  College  suffered  most  during  the  Civil  War  was 
in  the  billeting  of  troops  ;  a  burden  which  they  had  to  endure  in 
common  with  other  owners  of  landed  property.  Harris  brought 
in  an  account  in  1644  of  £24  9s.  ^d.  expended  '  pro  le  billett 
diversorum  hominum,*  who  cannot  have  been  billeted  within 
the  College  walls,  or  we  should  hear  of  it  through  the  baker's 
and  brewer's  accounts,  as  when  Fiennes  paid  his  visit.  The 
account  of  the  bailiff  at  Stoke  Park  for  quartering  soldiers 
between  December,  1642,  and  March,  1645-6,  amounts  to  no 
less  a  sum  than  £99  9s.  (>d.  The  allowance  for  a  day  and 
night's  billet  was  eightpence  for  a  man  and  eighteenpence  for  a 

1  Rushworth,  Pt.  Ill,  Bk.  III. 


Warden  Harris.  333 

man  and  horse  at  this  time.  In  1646  the  Society  had  to  find 
£1  for  a  week's  maintenance  of  two  troopers  belonging  to 
Colonel  Sheffield's  '  legion,'  which  is  at  nearly  the  same  rate. 

In  1645  the  Royalists  held  Winchester  Castle  under  Sir 
William  Ogle,  and  martial  law  superseded  the  local  Pie-powder 
Court',  to  which  Frampton,  the  College  brewer,  would  have 
addressed  his  complaint  at  any  other  time  : — 

'Sol.  M'°  Bye  promoventi  causam  Collegii  in  petitione  tradita 
gubernatori  per  Rio.  Frampton  x^.  .  .  .  Sol.  famulo  Drii  Gul. 
Ogle  Vicecomitis  Barrington,  gubernatoris  castri  et  civitatis  tempore 
guerrae,  j*.' 

What  Frampton's  complaint  was  about  we  do  not  know. 
This  state  of  things  in  Winchester  continued  until  the  battle  of 
Naseby  had  been  fought.  On  September  28  Oliver  Cromwell 
appeared  before  the  city  and  summoned  the  garrison.  They 
surrendered,  according  to  Lord  Clarendon,  on  easy  conditions. 
The  College  escaped  injury ;  the  Cathedral  was  wrecked,  and 
the  Castle  was  mined  and  blown  up.  Wolvesey  Castle,  too, 
was  ruined.  The  citizens  did  not  suffer  so  much  loss  as  they 
did  when  Waller  entered  their  gates.  One  of  them,  Peter 
Chamber] in,  was  burnt  out ;  but  this  Ucalegon  lived  next  door 
to  the  Castle,  and  suffered  in  consequence.  The  Society  sub- 
scribed to  reinstate  him.  They  could  well  afford  to  do  so.  It 
does  not  appear  that  they  suffered  a  halfpennyworth  of  damage, 
or  even  had  troops  billeted  on  them  during  these  operations. 
Harris  had  friends  on  both  sides. 

Philip  Fell  (adm.  1645)  became  usher  at  Eton  College.  He 
was  a  son  of  Dr.  Samuel  Fell,  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  and 
brother  of  Dr.  John  Fell,  also  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  and 
Bishop  of  Oxford  (1676-86).  Dr.  Samuel  Fell  was  a  friend  of 
Warden  Harris,  and  wrote  to  him  from  his  parsonage  at 
Freshwater  on  August  20,  161 7,  declining  an  invitation  to  Win- 
chester for  the  Election  of  that  year,  when  Harris  was  one  of 
the  Posers. 

*  I  had,'  he  writes,  *  an  earnest  desire  to  come  and  see  you  at 
Winton,  but  your  Election  fell  out  in  the  middle  of  August,  and 
at  that  time  I  was  unprovided   of  a  curate ;  and  lastly,  you  may 

•  See  Stats.  17  Ed.  IV,  c.  2,  and  i  Ric.  Ill,  c,  6,  defining  the  jurisdiction  of 
these  Courts. 


334  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

imagine  how  little  pleasure  I  can  take  in  that  place,  where  I  and  my 
poor  brother  have  found  so  little  favour  and  grace.' 

I  suppose  they  failed  to  get  nominations.  Dr.  Samuel  Fell 
was  educated  at  Westminster.  Philip,  his  son,  probably  owed 
his  nomination  to  Harris. 

Robert  Grove  (adm.  1645)  rose  to  be  Bishop  of  Chichester 
(1691-6). 

In  1646  Parliament  imposed  an  excise  on  beer.  The  Society 
sent  in  a  petition  to  be  exempted.  Writing  from  the  Six  Clerks* 
office  to  his  '  most  honoured  friend  Dr.  Harris/  Nicholas  Love 
says : — 

'  I  received  y'  commands  concerning  ye  excise  of  ye  College,  with 
y'  petition  to  be  exempted  from  the  same ;  but  (by  reason  ye  House 
in  this  conjunction  of  afFayres  is  at  no  leazure),  nothing  yet  hath 
been  done.  Cambridge  is  not  exempted  from  ye  charge,  as  was 
supposed,  nor  Eaton  College,  which  hath  a  Parliament  man  (Rouse') 
for  its  head.  The  burgesses  of  Cambridge,  the  master  of  Eaton 
College,  and  wee  for  Winchester,  have  conferred  about  it,  and 
intend  upon  ye  first  opportunitye,  when  ye  House  is  in  a  fit  temper 
for  it,  to  putt  in  totis  viribus  for  ye  exemption ;  in  which  you  shall 
perceive  ye  readiness  of  y'  servants  to  do  all  faythful  service  for  that 
foundation.' 

Again  in  March,  1647  : — 

*  I  received  both  y'  commands  concerning  ye  excise  of  y'  College, 
and  till  we  come  to  handle  ye  matter  of  ye  University  of  Oxford  little 
will  be  done  in  ye  House ;  which  time  will  not  be  long  now,  for  ye 
Committee  is  going  down  to  visit  ye  Colleges,  and  upon  their  report 
advice  will  be  taken  by  all  scholars  and  scholars'  friends  to  exempt 
them  from  publique  impositions.  For  ye  mean  time  I  have  pre- 
vayled  with  ye  Commissioners  of  ye  Excise  to  intimate  a  connivency 
of  the  Excise  for  a  time.' 

In  view  of  this  *  connivency,'  the  Bursars  appear  to  have 
made  a  return  of  so  much  beer  only  as  was  consumed  by  the 
Commoners.  It  appears  by  the  Bursars'  book  of  1647  that  the 
exciseman  collected  £4  19s.  in  that  year  : — *  Sol.  Benjamin 
Smith,  Collectori  excisae  pro  biria  batillata  ab  extraneis,  viz. 
pro  198  humbertons  (barrels)  ad  vi^ ;  iv'  xix^.'  It  does  not  appear 
what  period  this  covered  ;  but  in  1650  the  same  exciseman 
received  iis.  30?.  for  beer  supplied  to  the  Commoners  (pro  biria 

•  Provost  of  Eton  1643-1658,  and  Speaker  of  Barebones'  Parliament  in  1653. 


Warden  Harris.  335 

batillat^l  ab  extraneis)  between  June  24,  1649,  and  July  27, 
1650.  These  *  extranei  *  therefore  got  through  forty-five  barrels 
in  the  thirteen  months,  about  five  gallons  daily  if  allowance  be 
made  for  the  holidays,  or  two  quarts  apiece,  assuming  that 
there  were  ten  of  them  at  this  time,  which  seems  probable.  The 
Society,  acting  under  advice,  no  doubt,  had  returned  only  the 
beer  which  they  supplied  to  the  Commoners  at  a  price.  This 
did  not  satisfy  the  Commissioners  of  Excise ;  and  in  1652  I 
find  a  sum  of  £10  los.  entered  as  paid  to  the  exciseman.  This 
sum,  at  3^/.  per  barrel,  represents  a  consumption  of  840  barrels 
in  the  twelve  months,  about  three-fourths  of  the  actual  con- 
sumption. 

Distributio  pauperibus  (1647-58) : — 

'  Mulieri  pauperi  de  Hibernia  quae  in  bellis  nuperis  maritum 
amiserat,  et  possessionem  annuam  ad  valorem  cV,  j» :  Rob*°  Moun- 
taine  de  Andever,  qui  amiserat  per  ignem  ad  valorem  dccc^,  j^ :  aliis 
pauperibus,  viz.  Ixxxij  familiis  qui  bona  ibidem  amiserant  per  eundem 
ignem,  v^ :  pauperi  qui  venerat  ab  Irelandia  et  eo  revertebatur,  j' : 
quatuor  captivis  qui  pugnarant  apud  Naseby  ij* :  sex  militibus 
generosis  (cavaliers),  vj* :  pauperi  scholari  de  Oxonia,  j^ :  generoso 
incarcerato,  vj^:  duobus  pueris  mendicant,  pro  matre  ex  Hibernia 
puerperio  laboranti,  'f  :  pauperibus  in  Basingstoke  igne  spoliatis,  v^ : 
pauperi  nautae  ab  Ostendensibus  capto,  j^ :  pauperi  generoso  qui 
fuerat  regi  Carolo  a  speciebus  (a  poor  cavalier  who  had  been 
grocer  to  King  Charles),  j* :  tribus  nautis  de  Gallia  expositis  in 
Cornwall  et  venientibus  Hampton  ^  x^ :  generoso  cuidam  incarcerato, 
ij^ :  pauperi  olim  a  campanis  Eccl.  Cathedralis  (a  poor  man  who  had 
been  a  ringer  at  the  cathedral  church),  j^ :  ad  redimend.  captos  a 
Turcis,  ij« :  duobus  militibus  mancis,  vj<* :  Paulo  Isaiah  a  Judaismo 
converso,  ij' :  duodecim  nautis  de  BristoUia  a  captivitate  liberatis 
(twelve  sailors  of  Bristol  city  who  had  been  liberated  from  captivity), 
ij* :  pauperi  mendicant!  ad  aulae  gradus,  vj<^ :  sex  Gallis  captis  a 
Flandris,  j' :  M*^  Goughagno  (Geoghegan  ?)  ad  instantiam  ministrorum 
Londinensium  (at  the  instance  of  the  Assembly  of  Divines  ?),  ji : 
mercatori  a  Dunkerkis  capto,  nomine  Read,  j*  vj<i  :  tribus  pueris  et 
eorum  patri  cujus  crura  erant  abscissa,  ij^ :  Germano  nobili  exulanti 
religionis  causa,  v' :  M™  Hagger '  incarcerato  propter  debita,  ij*  vj'* : 
M'°  Davis,  filio  ministri  Novae  Angliae,  ij*  vj^.' 

*  The  road  from  the  West  country  to  Southampton  lay  through  Salisbury  and 
Winchester,  there  being  no  road  through  the  New  Forest  which  could  be 
followed  without  a  guide. 

'  The  ejected  Rector  of  Chilcomb. 


33<5  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Custus  aulae  in  1648  : — 

*  Pro  ignitabulo  ex  thorace  confecto  calefaciendis  cibis  (a  chafing 
dish  for  keeping  victuals  hot,  made  out  of  a  corslet  ^),  j*  iij''.' 

Books  purchased  in  1648 : — 

Hooker's  Works,  65. :  Salazar  on  Proverbs,  155. :  Grotius  on  the 
Old  and  New  Testament,  ;^3  i6s. :  Petavius  de  Theologicis  Dogmatibus, 
3  vols. :  Salmasius  in  Solinum,  2  vols. :  Cornelius  a  Lapide  on  the 
Books  of  Kings,  on  the  Gospels,  and  his  Ecclesiastical  History,  4 
vols. :  Gerhard's  Harmony  :  Loisii  Opuscula,  3  vols. :  Neirenburg 
de  Origine  Scripturae :  Azarii  Institutiones,  3  vols. :  Ruderus  in 
Martialem  et  Q.  Curtium,  2  vols. :  Prideaux'  Praelectiones  :  Passeratii 
Catullus  et  Tibullus  :  Catena  Graeca  Patrum  :  John  Knox's  History  : 
Dextri  Chronicon  :  Laeti  America  :  Tacitus  :  Gomari  opera,  3  vols. : 
Fisher's  Works,  3  vols. :  Featlay's  Sermons  :  Gualdi  Historia  : 
Biendi  Historia  de  Bellis  Civilibus  Angliae  :  Gazari  Historia  Indiae 
Occidentalis  :  Bishop  Montagu's  Acta  et  Monumenta  :  History  of  the 
Earldom  of  Angus : — altogether  £28  6s.  ^d. 

We  come  to  the  Parliamentary  visitation  of  1649.  The 
Committee  for  regulating  the  Universities  had  ousted  the 
'malignant  members'  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and  now 
turned  to  the  reformation  of  Winchester  and  Eton  ^  In  view 
of  what  was  impending,  Nicholas  Love  wrote  in  June  to 
Harris : — 

*  And  that  you  may  be  y*  more  secured  for  the  future,  I  advise  3'ou 
at  the  Assizes  to  apply  to  one  Mr.  Hill,  a  Parliament  man  and  a 
lawyer,  and  entertain  him  to  be  of  counsel  for  the  College,  when  need 
shall  be.  My  meaning  is,  to  give  him  some  small  thing  annually  pro 
consiliis  impendendis.  I  speak  not  this  out  of  any  respect  to  him,  but 
wholly  for  the  service,'  &c. 

It  does  not  appear  that  this  advice  was  followed.  On  August 
30  the  Committee  appointed  Sir  Henry  Mildmay,  Colonel 
Fielder,    Lord    Commissioner    Lisle,    M.P.   for   Winchester, 

*  *  And  of  course  you  turn  every  accoutrement  now 

To  its  separate  use,  that  your  wants  may  be  well  met ; 
You  toss  in  your  breastplate  your  pancakes,  and  grow 
A  salad  of  mustard  and  cress  in  your  helmet' 
T.  Hood,  '  Address  to  Mr.  Dymoke,  the  Champion  of  England.' 
'  '  Die  Martis  29°  Maii,  1649  : — "  Ordered  by  the  Commons  assembled  in  Par- 
liament that  it  be  referred  to  the  Committee  for  Regulating  the  Universities  of 
Oxon  and  Cambridge  to  nominate  Visitors  for  the  regulating  of  the  Colleges  of 
Winchester  and  Eaton." — Hen.  Scobell,  Clericus  Parliamenti.' 


Warden  Harris.  337 

Nicholas  Love,  Robert  Reynolds,  Francis  Allen,  Richard 
Major,  John  Hildersley  (M.P.  for  Winchester  in  the  Parlia- 
ments of  1654  and  1656),  Sir  Robert  Wallop,  Sir  Thomas  Ger- 
vase,  Henry  Bromfield,  and  George  Marshall,  the  intruded 
Warden  of  New  College',  to  visit  Winchester  College,  with 
instructions  to  report  '  what  present  statutes  should  be  taken 
away,  and  what  persons  removed.'  Thomas  Hussey,  sen., 
Edward  Hooper,  Francis  Rivett,  and  Richard  Norton,  Esq., 
were  afterwards  added  to  the  Commission.  The  Commissioners 
visited  the  College  in  the  week  of  the  Epiphany  Quarter 
Sessions,  1649-50  Harris  had  notice  to  attend  and  produce 
the  statutes  and  records  of  the  College,  which  he  did,  submit- 
ting at  the  same  time  the  following  statement : — 

'  The  foundation  of  the  College  by  Winchester  consisteth  of  these 
persons  : — 

One  Warden,  Dr.  Harris. 

One  Schoolmaster,  Mr.  Pottenger. 

Ten  Fellows,  viz.  Mr.  Wither,  Mr.  Colenett,  Mr.  Hackett,  Mr. 
Chalkhill,  Mr.  Woodward,  Mr.  Bold,  Mr.  Richards,  Mr.  Trussell, 
Mr.  Terry,  Mr.  May. 

Their  employment  is  : — 

1.  To  perform  divine  service  in  the  Chappell,  which  they  do  now 

according  to  the  directorie,  preaching  by  turn  every  Lord's 
day  in  the  forenoon,  and  in  the  afternoon  expounding  some 
part  of  the  Cathecisme, 

2.  To  joyne   with  the  Warden  in   managing  the  estate  of  the 

College,  in  letting  leases  and  other  collegiate  Acts  for  which 
the  consent  of  a  major  part  of  them  is  necessarily  required. 

3.  To  beare  Office  in  the  College  as  they  shall  be  yearly  chosen 

hereunto. 

'  Warden  Pinke  having  died,  Nov.  a,  1647,  of  a  fall  downstairs  in  his  own 
lodgings,  the  Parliamentary  Committee  sent  down  an  order,  forbidding  the 
Fellows  to  proceed  to  elect  his  successor.  The  Fellows  sent  a  deputation  to 
Lord  Say  and  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  whom  they  asked  to  befriend  them  for  the 
election  of  a  Warden.  The  answer  which  they  got  from  Lord  Say  was  that 
they  were  free  to  elect  the  '  Patriarch  of  Dorchester,  Mr.  John  White*.'  He 
was  nominated,  and  had  a  few  votes ;  but  Henry  Stringer  was  elected  Warden. 
In  August,  1648,  the  Committee  of  Lords  and  Commons  removed  Stringer, 
and  imposed  George  Marshall  on  the  Society. 


*  Ante,  p.  293. 
Z 


338  Annals  0}  Winchester  College. 

Our  Ofificers  are  six  in  all,  viz. : — 
One  Subwarden,  who  governs  all  in  the  Warden's  absence,  is 

one  of  the  electors  of  scholars  into  and  out  of  the  College 

and  a  necessarie  man  in  all  accounts. 
Two  Bursars,  who  have  the  receiving  and  expending  of  all  the 

College  rents,  as  well  as  in  grain  as  money. 
One  Sacrist,  who  hath  the  custodie  of  the  Communion  plate  and 

other  utensils  of  the  Chappell,  and  is  appointed  together  with 

the  Warden    and   Subwarden   to  take  the  accounts   of   the 

Bursars,  as  well  quarterly  as  yearly. 
One  Outrider,  who  is  to  accompanie  the  Warden  in  viewing  the 

College  lands  once  or  twice  in  the  year,  and  letting  estates 

in  customarie  holds  where  we  have  anie. 
One  Claviger,  who  is  intrusted  with  a  key  of  the  common  chest ; 

there  being  three  in  all,  the  other  two  in  the  custodie  of  the 

Warden  and  Subwarden. 

Three  Chaplains,  viz. : — 

Mr.  HoUoway,  Mr.  Cheese,  Mr.  Taylour. 
Their  employment,  together  with  the  Fellows,  has  been  to  read 
praiers  twice  every  day,  at  lo  and  4  of  the  clock  ;  and  also  to 
the  children  every  morning,  which  they  do  now  not  according 
to  the  common  praier  book  but  in  a  generall  forme,  such  as 
is  usual  in  families. 

One  Usher  of  the  School,  Mr.  Christopher  Taylour. 

One  Singing  Master,  Mr.  King. 

Three  Clerks,  Philip  Taylour,  John  Shepheard,  and  (vacant). 
Their  office  is,  to  attend  in  the  Chappell,  to  see  it  swept  and  kept 
cleane,  to  keepe  the  bells  and  the  clock  and  to  wait  upon  the 
Fellows  at  the  table. 
Seventy  children  of  the  bodie  of  the  house : — 

These  are  instructed  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  tongue  by  the 
Schoolmaster  and  Usher,  according  to  the  severall  forms 
wherein  they  are  placed. 

For  their  instruction  in  religion  they  have  a  Cathecism  Lecture^ 
every  Lord's  day,  in  the  afternoon  ;  and  before  it  begins,  the 
Usher  is  appointed  to  spend  half  an  hour  in  particular  ex- 
amination of  them,  what  they  remember  of  the  former  lecture. 
They  are  also  appointed  to  take  notes  of  the  forenoon  sermon, 
and  to  give  account  thereof  to  the  Schoolmaster  in  writing. 
Besides  they  learn  every  Saturday  some  part  of  Nowell's 

*  Many  still  living  can  remember  the  time  when  the  Collegers  at  Eton 
were  catechised  during  Lent  at  the  Sunday  afternoon  service  in  the  College 
chapel. 


Warden  Harris.  339 

Cathecism  in  the  school.  They  have  praiers  every  morning 
before  they  go  to  school  performed  in  the  Chappell  by  one  of 
the  Fellows  or  Chaplains,  and  so  likewise  at  night  before  they 
go  to  bed.  And  after  they  are  in  bed  a  chapter  of  the  Bible 
read  by  the  Prepositor  in  every  chamber. 
Besides  these  we  have  sixteen  poor  children  whom  we  call 
Quiristers  who  are  by  Statute  to  make  the  Fellows'  beds,  and 
to  wait  upon  the  Scholars  in  the  Hall. 

And  fourteen  Servants  in  Ordinarie,  viz. : — 
One  manciple,  two  butlers,  three  cooks,  one  baker,  two  brewers, 
one  miller,  two  horse-keepers,  one  gardener,  one  porter.    All 
these  have  diet  wages  and  liverye  from  the  College. 

We  have  a  Steward  of  our  lands  and  an  Auditor,  who  do  not 
constantly  reside  heere  ;  but  when  they  do,  they  have  their 
■  diet  with  the  Warden,  and  each  of  them  a  fee  and  liverie  from 
the  College.' 

So  full  and  frank  a  statement  as  this  deserved  the  considera- 
tion which  it  apparently  received.  No  action  whatever  was 
taken  against  the  Warden  or  the  College.  We  have  not  got 
the  Warden's  answer  to  the  following  charges  which  were 
brought  against  him  personally  on  this  occasion,  but  they  must 
have  seemed,  on  the  whole,  undeserving  of  serious  considera- 
tion to  a  Commission  composed  chiefly  of  his  friends  : — 

'  The  Warden  there  hath  often  preached  for  and  practised  super- 
stition, viz. : — 

(i)  In  a  sermon  at  the  College  he  hath  maintained  corporall  bowing 
at  the  name  Jesus. 

(2)  In  a  sermon  at  the  cathedral  he  hath  justified  the  ceremonies 
imposed  by  the  bishops  in  their  convocation  ;  affirming  them  to  be 
but  few,  and  those  very  significant  {sic),  and  never  rigorously  im- 
posed ;  and  durst  affirm  that  never  any  were  punished  unduly  for 
refusing  them. 

(3)  In  another  sermon  there  he  hath  maintained  the  lawfulness 
and  antiquity  of  organicall  music  in  the  Quire ;  and  that  it  is  of 
excellent  use  in  God's  service,  and  greatly  approved  of  that  which 
they  call  ye  Songs  of  St.  Ambrose. 

(4)  Shortly  after  execution  of  that  unjust  censure  in  the  Starre 
Chamber  upon  Mr.  Burton,  Mr.  Prynne,  and  Mr.  Bastwick,  he  used 
(in  his  sermon)  many  expressions  reflecting  on  them,  to  ye  grief  of 
all  honest  Christians  present. 

(5)  He  hath  preached  against  such  as  have  taken  away  the  sur- 
plice and  the  church  beautifyings  (as  he  called  them),  saying,  they 

z  2 


340  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

have  taken  away  the  canonicall  coat,  and  he  thought  they  would  take 
away  the  gown  also,  and  leave  the  poor  priest  stark  naked  at  ye  last ; 
and  that  new  laws  were  made  never  before  heard  of. 

(6)  He  hath  only  served  ye  times ;  for,  at  his  first  coming  to 
ye  College  he  used  no  adoration  to  ye  high  altar,  but  afterwards 
(with  other  superstitions)  fell  to  that.  At  the  first  convening  of  this 
Parliament  he  left  it  againe,  used  it  since,  and  now  forbears  it. 

(7)  He  relinquishes  that  form  of  prayer  before  his  sermon  which 
at  his  first  coming  he  used,  and  betook  himself  to  that  bidding  form 
used  by  none  but  prelaticall  superstitious  persons. 

(8)  He  hath  prayed  for  the  Lord  Ogle^  and  the  King's  kinne, 
desiring  the  destruction  of  those  who  were  risen  up  against  the  King, 
comparing  his  condition  to  that  of  King  David  (who  was  hunted  as  a 
partridge),  and  did  inform  the  enemies'  souldiers  of  His  Majestie's 
descent,  and  that  the  kingdoms  by  birthright  are  his,  although  Scott 
born,  and  therefore  their  duties  to  yield  obedience  to  his  commands. 
He  hath  also  maintained  the  justness  of  the  enemies'  cause,  affirming 
it  to  be  good,  altho'  (by  reason  of  their  sins)  it  might  miscarry. 

(9)  He  hath  usually  sent  to  the  Shopps  for  wares  on  the  Sab- 
bath Days. 

(10)  It  hath  been  credibly  reported  that  he  would  not  suffer  the 
good  gentlewoman  his  wife  to  keep  a  good  book,  but  would  take  it 
from  her,  who  was  much  troubled  at  his  inconstancy  in  religion,  and 
reasoning  with  him  why  he  did  now  use  superstitious  bendings 
which  he  formerly  preached  against. 

(11)  He  did  refuse  to  appear  in  the  Assembly  of  Divines  altho' 
chosen  and  summoned  thereto. 

(12)  In  his  time  the  Communion  table  was  turned  altarwise^, 
whereto  himself  and  others  did  obeisance. 

(13)  That  he  did  send  voluntarily  with  the  rest  of  the  Prebends 
{sic)  his  part  of  ;^ioo  to  the  King. 

(14)  He  with  the  rest  of  the  College  hath  sent  to  the  King  money, 
horsemen,  and  plate '.' 

The  following  inventory  of  the  contents  of  the  chapel  was 

*  Sir  W.  Ogle,  Governor  of  Winchester  Castle. 

'  In  obedience  to  Laud's  injunction. 

'  It  appears,  by  an  inventory  made  August  12,  1648,  that  the  reserve  of  plate 
in  the  muniment  room  had  been  reduced  by  the  removal  of  the  following  articles, 
which  no  doubt  found  their  way  to  King  Charles  : — 

oz.  dr.  gr. 
Two  basons  and  ewers  with  Bishop  White's  arms,  weighing  .  122  a  o 
Two  little  trencher  salts     ........  710 

Two  plain  silver  tankards  . 39     i     o 

One  ditto  given  by  Mr.  Robert  Barker 14    o  12 

182      4    12 


Warden  Harris.  341 

taken  in  August,  1649.  The  reader  will  notice  the  absence  of 
the  organs,  which  are  described  in  the  inventory  of  1646  as 
'  Two  paire  of  organs,  the  one  great,  th'  other  a  choire  organ.' 
The  Warden's  love  for  'organicall  music*  led  him  to  keep  them 
as  long  as  he  prudently  could,  but  they  were  now  bestowed 
out  of  sight,  to  wait  for  better  times. 

'  In  the  Chappell  and  Vestrie. 
Imprimis.    Two  silver  flaggons,  double  gilt,  with  a  double  case 

of  leather ;  weight  76  oz.,  o  dwt.,  21  grs. 
Item.    Two  communion  cupps  with  covers  and  a  box;   weight, 

30  oz.,  o  dwt.,  24  grs. 
Item.    A  faire  pall  of  white  and  redd  with  Starrs  and  crownes 

of  gold,  lined. 
Item.    One  other  pall  of  tisshowe  (tissue),  white  and  blew,  lined 

with  canvas. 
Item.    One  little  cushion  of  purple  velvet  for  ye  pullpitt. 
Item.    One  pall  of  greene  baudkin  ^  silke  with  flowers  of  gold,  lined. 
Item.    A  new  pullpitt  cloth  of  purple  vellvett  with  ye  Founder's 

Armes  in  ye  midst  and  one  cushion  of  ye  same. 
Item.    Two  hoUand  communion  table  clothes. 
Item.    Two  long  cushions  of  grene  vellvett  th'  one  branched  and 

th'  other  plaine. 
Item.    Two  olde  cushions  of  tawney  vellvett. 
Item.    Three  old  cushions  of  tapestry,  and  one  of  Turkic  worke 

with  ye  Founder's  Armes. 
Item.    Four  silke  cushions  of  needleworke. 

Item.    A  new  cushion  of  tawney  satyn  for  the  Communion  Table. 
Item.    One  old  carpet  of  bustean,  streaked. 
Item.    Two  deske  clothes  of  redd   damaske  ;    one  other  deske 

cloth  paved  with  fringe. 
Item.    Four  stall  clothes  of  redd  baudkin  silke,  with  long  cushions 

made  of  an  olde  pall. 
Item.    Three  old  English  Bibles,  ye  bible  of  ye  last  translation 

in  2  volumes,  4to.,  embossed,  old,  and  ye  same  in  3 

volumes,  new. 
Item.    De  Lyra*  in  five  libris :   Moyses,  Joshua,  Judges,  Ruth, 

and  four  books  of  Kings. 
Item.     Idem  in  Novum  Testamentum. 
Item.    One  reading  deske  of  brasse,  the  head  of  woode  in  ye 

midst  of  ye  Quire. 

'  Ante,  p.  323. 

A  converted  Jew  of  the  fourteenth  century.    '  If  this  Lyra  never  had  played 
Luther  would  never  have  danced  '  was  a  saying  of  the  Catholic  writers. 


34*  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Item.    One  Communion  Table. 

Item.    One  joyned  forme  and  one  other  forme  in  the  Quire. 

Item.     Four  great  Pewes  in  ye  lower  part  (the  ante  chapel)  with 

doores  ;  two  long  seats  with  backes. 
Item.    Two  kneeling  deskes  th'  one  fastened  to  ye  Pewe,  th'  other 

loose. 
Item.    One  wainscott  seate  for  the  Commonsals. 
Item.    Two  long  wainscott  seates  with  backe  and  benches  behinde 

them. 
Item.    One  joyned  forme  broken  ;  four  plaine  formes. 
Item.    One  little  Pew  and  seate  of  boorde  by  the  south  wall :  four 

setled  benches  in  the  Quire. 
Item.    Two  joyned  Seates  with  doores  in  the  lower  parte. 
Item.    A  long  table  with  a  frame  seate  on  either  side,  and  one 

other  at  ye  end,  in  the  Vestrie. 
Item.    A  Portall  in  the  Vestrie  with  locke  and  keye,  latch  and 

catch  ;  a  chist  for  the  candles. 
Item.    One  brasse  candlestick  for  the  Subwarden. 
Item.    Three  pewter  candlesticks,  two  of  tinne,  twelve  wooden, 

four  of  yron  for  ye  Masters :   and  two  yron  and  six 

wooden  for  ye  children. 
Item.    Five  bells,  a  clock  and  a  watch  bell :  two  peeces  of  brass, 

the  epitaph  of  a  Warden  of  Oxon'. 
Item.    One    bearer   (bier),  and  a  long  forme  with  wainscot  in 

ye  cloisters.' 

In  January,  1651-2,  the  Parliamentary  Committee  did  a 
thing  which  caused  no  small  stir  in  both  Colleges.  A  Fellow  of 
New  College,  named  Hiscocks — (an  intruded  one,  whose  name 
does  not  appear  in  the  lists  of  Winchester  Scholars)  made 
a  vacancy,  whereupon  the  Committee  put  in  one  Stoughton, 
alleging  in  their  ordinance  of  January  22  that  the  College  was 

*  not  at  present  in  a  capacity  to  make  their  election  in  a  statutable 
way,  in  regard  that  divers  of  the  Fellows  who  were  at  the  last 
Election  at  Winchester  College  were  under  deprivation  for  certain 
misdemeanours  of  which  complaynt  hath  been  made  to  this 
committee.' 

*  Probably  of  John  Bouke,  who  died  March  a,  1442-3.  This  brass  in  two  pieces 
is  carried  on  in  the  inventories  for  more  than  twenty  years  after  it  became  de- 
tached from  the  wall  without  anybody  taking  the  trouble  to  refix  it,  and  ulti- 
mately disappeared.  An  item  in  the  Bursars'  book  for  1670  of  arf.  'pro  vase  ad 
recipienda  ahenea  monumentorum  fragmenta' — a  vessel  to  receive  broken  brasses, 
shows  the  state  to  which  these  memorials  of  the  dead  were  reduced  through 
neglect. 


Warden  Harris.  343 

James  Sacheverell  (adm,  1645),  the  scholar  who  would  in  the 
ordinary  course  have  succeeded  to  this  vacancy  (and  did  succeed 
to  one  a  few  weeks  later),  petitioned  the  committee  against  this 
act  of  interference  with  his  vested  interest,  and  so  did  the 
scholars  generally  on  the  ground  that  they  ought  not  to  suffer, 
when  their  time  came,  for  any  disorders  at  Oxford.  The  Com- 
mittee seem  to  have  acknowledged  the  force  of  the  arguments 
of  the  petitioners,  and  did  not  interfere  again.  One  good 
ordinance  the  Committee  made  a  month  later  (Feb.  19),  that 
resigning  Fellows  should  place  their  resignations  in  the  hands 
of  the  Warden  of  New  College.  The  object  was  to  check  a 
practice  of  placing  resignations  in  the  hands  of  a  friend  to 
be  used  at  the  right  time  to  secure  the  election  of  a  relative 
at  Winchester. 

Thomas  Flatman,  a  scholar  of  1649,  was  called  to  the  Bar 
and  published  a  volume  of  poems  in  1682.  His  friend,  Oldys, 
praises  him  all  round  : — 

'  Should  Flatman  for  his  client  strain  the  Laws, 
The  painter  gives  some  colour  to  the  cause ; 
Should  criticks  censure  what  the  poet  writ, 
The  Pleader  quits  him  at  the  Bar  of  Wit ! ' 

'This  obscure  and  forgotten  rhymer,'  as  Warton  calls  him, 
forgetting  that  Flatman  was  a  Wykehamist,  has  the  merit  of 
writing  a  stanza  which  Pope  thought  worth  copying,  The 
Dying  Christian  to  his  $oul: — 

'When  on  my  sick  bed  I  languish, 
Full  of  sorrows,  full  of  anguish, 
Fainting,  gasping,  trembling,  crying. 
Panting,  groaning,  speechless,  dying, 
Methinks  I  hear  some  gentle  spirit  say, 
Be  not  fearful,  come  away ! ' 

Flatman  was  the  speaker  ad  portas  in  1654 :  '  Flatman 
orationem  habenti  in  ingressu  oppositorum  xiij^  iv*^,'  is  the 
entry  in  the  accounts  of  that  year. 

Francis  Turner  (adm.  i65o)was  ason  of  the  Dean  of  Canterbury. 
After  holding  the  Mastership  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge, 
and  the  Deanery  of  Windsor,  he  was  elevated  to  the  See  of 
Rochester  in  1683,  and  a  few  months  afterwards  to  the  See  of 
Ely.  He  was  one  of  the  seven  Bishops  under  James  H,  and 
was  displaced  in  1691,  in  company  with  Archbishop  Sancroft  and 


344  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

other  Bishops  who  would  not  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
William  III.  His  schoolfellow,  Thomas  Ken  (adm.  1651),  was 
the  son  of  a  Wykehamist,  Thomas  Ken,  or  Kenn,  of  Essendon, 
Herts  (adm.  1627),  who  practised  as  an  attorney  at  Great  Berk- 
hamstead.  Ken  entered  Commoners  in  1646,  and  left  for  New 
College  in  1656,  having  recorded  the  fact  by  cutting  his  name 
and  the  date  in  two  places  in  the  Cloisters,  where  it  may  yet 
be  seen.  He  returned  to  Winchester  as  a  Fellow  in  1666,  upon 
the  death  of  Stephen  Cooke.  He  was  Vice-Warden  in  1673 
and  Bursar  in  1677  and  1678.  In  1679  he  went  to  Holland  as 
chaplain  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  and  then  to  Tangier,  as 
chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth.  On  his  return  to  Winches- 
ter in  1692  he  served  the  office  of  Sacrist.  During  his  year  of 
office,  the  lighting  of  the  chapel  was  improved  by  the  purchase 
of  twenty-four  new  sconces,  costing  £2  lis.  Two  copies  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer  and  repairs  of  the  old  ones  cost 
£3  IIS.,  and  five  ells  of  holland  for  the  Holy  Table  cost 
£1  7s.  Btd.  It  is  noticeable  that  there  were  four  celebrations  of 
the  Holy  Communion  during  his  year  of  office,  instead  of  three, 
which  was  the  usual  number  at  that  time.  There  were  only 
two  celebrations  in  the  year  when  he  was  admitted.  It  may 
have  been  owing  to  his  voice  at  College  meetings  that  sub- 
scriptions were  given  of  £5  to  the  Protestant  Churches  of 
Bohemia,  £5  to  the  exiled  French  Protestants,  and  £50  to 
the  rebuilding  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  during  his  year  of  office. 
He  was  Vice- Warden  again  in  1683.  An  organ,  bought  of 
Renatus  Harris  in  that  year  for  £55,  was  long  known  as  Ken's 
organ.  It  stood  in  one  of  the  Fellow's  chambers.  *  Sol. 
Harris  emendanti  organa  in  camera  Mri  Thistlethwayte, 
jl  is  yjd^'  is  an  entry  in  the  Bursars'  book  of  1701.  In  a  similar 
entry  in  the  book  of  1735  it  is  called  Bishop  Ken's  organ.  We 
have  already  shown  [ante,  Ch.  IV)  that  Ken's  chamber  before  he 
went  to  Holland  was  the  one  over  Third  (lately  added  to  the 
Warden's  lodgings),  which  he  shared  with  two  other  Fellows, 
Chalkhill  and  Coles.  Whether  he  was  in  the  same  chamber 
after  his  return  from  Tangier  I  am  unable  to  say.  Ken  resigned 
his  Fellowship  on  being  made  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells.  His 
autograph  resignation,  dated  Feb.  10,  1684-5,  is  preserved  in 
the  muniment  room.  He  '  more  especially,'  says  Evelyn  \ 
•    »  Diary,  Feb  4,  1685  6. 


Warden  Harris.  345 

'assisted  the  devotions  of  Charles  II  in  his  last  sickness.' 
With  his  schoolfellow  Turner  he  was  tried  and  acquitted,  with 
the  rest  of  the  seven  bishops,  in  1688,  for  refusing  to  read  the 
'  Declaration  of  Liberty  of  Conscience,'  and  was  displaced  after 
the  Revolution  for  refusing  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  William 
III.  His  Manual  of  Prayers  vidiS  published  in  1674.  There  is  a 
portrait  of  Ken  in  the  Warden's  Gallery. 

John  Potenger,  who  was  schoolmaster  after  Stanley,  resigned 
in  1652,  in  consequence,  according  to  tradition,  of  Puritanical 
innovations,  and  was  succeeded  by  William  Burt  (adm.  1618),  a 
native  of  Winchester.  Potenger's  son  (adm.  1658)  was  a 
scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxon,  and  went  to  the  Bar, 
becoming  a  poet  and  miscellaneous  writer,  and  ending  his  days 
in  the  enjoyment  of  the  little  patent  place  of  Comptroller  of  the 
Pipe,  which  Horace  Walpole  afterwards  held. 

The  Register  of  Donations  to  the  College  Library  was  begun 
in  1652,  at  a  cost  of  £3  2s.  for  the  vellum,  los.  for  binding,  and 
£2  for  making  the  original  entries.  It  was  kept  up  until 
the  death  of  Warden  Barter.  The  following  will  be  found  in  it 
under  date  1652  : — 

'  Honoratissimus  Olivarius  Dominus  Protector  Reipublicae  Angliae 
ad  instantiam  clarissimi  viri  Nicolai  Love  ^  armigeri,  hos  libros  olim 
ad  bibliothecam  Ecclesiae  Cathedralis  Stae.  Trinitatis  Winton.  per- 
tinentes  huic  Collegio  done  dedit.' 

Then  follow  four  and  a  half  pages  of  MSS.  and  printed  books. 
The  first  half  of  this  entry  has  been  nearly  smudged  out  with 
ink,  probably  by  some  officious  Royalist  after  the  Restoration, 
who  did  not  want  it  to  appear  that  the  Society  was  indebted  to 
Cromwell  for  a  present  of  such  value.  These  books,  however, 
were  not  exactly  given  to  the  Society.  They  had  been  removed 
to  London  after  the  suppression  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  in 
October,  1646,  and  remained  there  until  Cromwell,  at  the 
instance  of  Love,  allowed  the  Society  to  buy  them  at  a  low 
price.     This  appears  from  the  Bursars'  book  of  1653  : — 

*  Sol.  pro  libris  deportatis  a  Winton.  ad  Londin.  vj^  viij^ :  por- 
tantibus  libros  emptos  a  civitate  Wynton.  ad  Collegium,  iij^ :  pro 
libris  deportatis  a  civitate  Winton.  ad  Collegium,  iijl' 

'  The  Society  acknowledged  Love's  courtesy  in  1653  by  a  present  of  a  sugar- 
loaf  costing  £1  2s.  6d. 


34^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

The  following  books  had  been  bought  three  years  pre- 
viously : — 

*  Ravanelli  Thesaurus,  2  vols.,  £1  85. :  Paraei  Opera,  Pt.  Ill,  i6s. : 
Paraeus  in  Epistolam  ad  Romanos,  £i  25. :  Brockman's  Systema 
Theologiae,  2  vols.,  £1  ^s}  Samuel  Desmaret's  Elenchus  Theologiae, 
£1 :  Hollinger's  Thesaurus,  9s. :  Laurentius  in  DifSciliora  Loca 
Epist.  Pauli,  85. :  Vossius  de  Baptismo,  4s. :  Grotius  de  Jure  Belli  et 
Pacis,  85. :  Brockmanni  Speculum,  25. :  Corderius  in  Job,  i6s. : 
Faber's  Historical  and  Theological  Institutes,  ^i  25. :  Cartwright's 
Harmony,  i6s.' 

Also  the  following  lot  for  £3  2s. : — 

'  Simplicius  in  Epictetum ;  Manilii  Astronomicon,  ed.  Scaliger ; 
Maioli's  Dies  Caniculares ;  Pancirolus de  rebus  inventiset  deperditis  ; 
Plautus,  ed.  Taubmann ;  Gavanti  de  litibus  sacris  ;  Pevesii  disputa- 
tiones,  vols,  i,  4, 5  :  Vidat  et  Alvarez  de  auxiliis  divinae  gratiae  ;  Del 
Rio's  Disquisitiones  magicae  ;  and  Godfrey's  Opuscula. ' 

Edward  Colley,  C.F.,  of  Glaston,  Rutland  (adm.  1654),  was 
brother-in-law  to  Caius  Gabriel  Gibber,  whose  elder  son,  Golley, 
the  dramatist  and  poet  laureat,  sought  admission  in  vain.  The 
younger  son,  Lewis  (adm.  1697),  was  more  fortunate,  and  died  a 
Fellow  of  New  College  in  1711.  Colley  Gibber's  unlucky  son 
Theophilus  (see  Goldsmith's  Essays)  was  a  Commoner.  Colley 
Gibber  tells  us  in  his  autobiography  how  Lewis  Gibber  got 
into  College  and  he  did  not : — 

'  Being,'  he  says,  *  by  my  mother's  side  a  descendant  of  Wyke- 
ham,  my  father,  who  knew  little  how  the  world  was  to  be  dealt  with 
imagined  my  having  this  advantage  would  be  security  enough  for  my 
success,  and  so  sent  me  simply  down  thither  without  the  least 
favourable  recommendation  or  interest,  but  that  of  my  unaided 
merit,  and  a  pompous  pedigree  in  my  pocket. .  .  .  The  experience 
which  my  father  thus  bought  at  my  cost  taught  him,  some  years 
after,  to  take  a  more  judicious  care  of  my  younger  brother,  Lewis 
Gibber,  whom,  with  a  present  of  a  statue  of  the  fouader,  of  his  own 
making  '\  he  recommended  to  the  same  College.' 

It  appears  from  the  Bursars'  book  of  1655  that  a  fox  was  kept 
in  the  College  in  that  year :  '  Pro  emendanda  catena  vulpis  j^  * 

'  Published  in  161 7,  Doctrines  contained  in  this  famous  commentary  mili- 
tated against  the  right  divine  of  kings ;  so  that  James  I  had  it  burned  publicly 
by  the  hangman. 

*  The  bronze  statue  which  stands  in  a  niche  over  the  door  of  School.' 


Warden  Harris.  347 

is  the  entry.  The  chain  was  often  mended,  and  captivity  did  not 
agree  with  the  fox,  which  was  replaced  frequently.  One  Roger 
Oades  was  paid  35.  for  one  which  he  brought  from  Chamber- 
house  in  1658,  and  85.  for  bringing  another  from  Upham  in 
1659.  A  cub  was  bought  for  3s.  in  1662.  The  kennel 
(domus  vulpina)  was  whitewashed  in  1663.  Sheep's  paunches 
were  bought  to  feed  these  foxes :  '  Pro  xx  ly  henges  pro  vul- 
pecula  v8'  occurs  in  1673.     An  earthen   vessel,   by  its  name 

*  a  panch  * 

'  No  sickly  noggin,  but  a  jolly  jug,' 

was  bought  in  1655 :  *  Pro  fictili  majori  Anglice  a  "  panch"  15.' 
The  word  does  not  occur  again. 

The  first  allusion  to  deal  or  timber  occurs  in  the  Bursars* 
book  for  1655,  through  the  circumstance  of  a  hundred  deals 
having  been  bought  at  Southampton  for  the  purpose  of  making  a 
new  cooler  in  the  brewhouse.  It  was  the  great  demand  for 
timber  after  the  fire  of  London  eleven  years  later  which  brought 
deal  into  general  use  in  this  kingdom.  The  protectionist  Evelyn 
says  ^ : — 

*  I  will  not  complain  what  an  incredible  mass  of  ready  money  is 
yearly  exported  into  the  northern  countries  for  this  sole  commodity, 
which  might  be  saved  were  we  industrious  at  home,  or  could  have  it 
out  of  Virginia.' 

The  entry  in  the  Bursars*  book  is — 

*  Sol.  Hodson  brasiatori  profisciscenti  Hampton  duabus  vicibus  pro 
eligendo  et  emendo  ly  deale  hordes  pro  ly  cooler  de  novo  faciendo, 
\ya  Yjd  .  pi-Q  c  deale  hordes  (120  to  the  100),  v^.' 

The  labour  in  making  the  cooler  cost  £1  12s  4^. 
'  SUva,  Bk.  i.  ch.  23. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 


Warden  Burt  (1658- 1679.) 

Burt  schoolmaster. — Succeeds  Warden  Harris. — Henry  Beeston, — Builder's 
prices  in  1658. — Accession  of  Charles  II. — Loyalty  of  the  Society. — 
Scholars  of  1661. — Cost  of  provisions. — Supervisor's  remarks  in  1662. — 
Renewal  of  Charter  of  Privileges. — Restoration  of  Wykeham's  chantry. — 
The  plague  in  1666. — Scholars  removed  to  Crawley. — Election  held  at 
Newbury.— Chute ;  Welstead;  Sacheverell;  Norris. — Hambledon  Camoys. 
— Receipts  and  expenses  on  Progress. 

Burt  the  schoolmaster  succeeded  Harris.  A  petition  by  the 
intruded  Warden  (Marshall)  and  Fellows  of  New  College 
'  Illustrissimo  Potentissimoque  Domino,  Domino  Olivario,  Dei 
Gratia  Angliae,  Scotiae,  et  Hiberniae  Protectori,'  for  Oliver's 
sanction  to  the  appointment,  is  preserved  at  Winchester,  never 
having  been  presented  owing  to  Oliver's  death  on  September  3. 
Henry  Beeston  (adm.  1644)  succeeded  Burt  as  schoolmaster, 
and  held  that  office  until  he  was  chosen  Warden  of  New  College 
in  1679.  The  epitaph  on  the  south  wall  of  St.  Michael's  Church, 
Winchester,  to  his  seven  children,  six  of  whom  died  under  two, 
and  one  at  eight  years  of  age,  runs  thus  over  a  row  of  seven 
tiny  skulls : — 

'M.S. 
Septem  liberorum,  Elizabethae,  Francisci,  Gulielmi,  Mariae,  Georgii, 
Annae,    Caroli,    qui  omnes    sesquiennes,  praeter    Gulielmum   qui 
octoennis,  decessere. 

Henricus 


.  Beeston 
Anna 

P  P  moesti  posuerunt 

CID   10    CLXXV 

"Talium  est  regnum  coelorum." 
Matt.  xix.  14.' 


Warden  Burt.  349 

The  following  builder's  prices  in  1658  may  be  quoted  : — 

'  Bricks,  25.  2d.  per  hundred  ;  lime,  45.  per  quarter  ;  sand,  55.  per 
load  ;  tiles,  25.  per  hundred ;  ridge  ditto,  3s.  per  dozen  ;  flints,  \s.  6d. 
per  load ;  hair,  &/.  per  bushel.  Daily  wages  :  bricklayer,  is.  6d. ; 
labourer,  i^d. ;  ordinary  ditto,  &/. ;  sawing  planks,  4s.  6d.  per 
hundred  feet  run.' 

The  College  bells  rang  merrily  on  the  news  of  the  Restoration, 
and  loyal  Dr.  Burt  with  Richards  and  Coles,  two  of  the  Fellows, 
went  up  to  London  with  an  address.  Chaise  hire  (conductio 
rhedae)  to  London  and  back  cost  £3  15s.  It  is  the  first  recorded 
instance  of  a  Warden  of  Winchester  College  travelling  other- 
wise than  on  horseback.  Hyde  (Lord  Clarendon)  presented 
the  deputation  at  Court,  and  deigned  to  accept  a  pair  of  gloves 
and  some  pieces  of  gold  (chirothecae  cum  auro)  value  £4  2s. 
The  deputation  spent  £11  165.  8^.  on  the  journey,  and  sank 
£17  9s.  on  exchanging  Commonwealth  money  for  new  coins  of 
Charles  II  \  They  should  have  waited  for  the  proclamation 
which  shortly  came  out,  giving  currency  to  the  Commonwealth 
money  at  its  full  value — a  politic  course  which  saved  a  good 
deal  of  discontent. 

Distributio  pauperibus  in  1660-70 : — 

'  Anastasio  Comneno,  Archiepo  Laodiceae  in  Ecclesia  Graeca,  £j  : 
generoso  militi  depauperato,  25. :  mendicantibus  in  Collegio,  is. ; 
ministro  seni  a  sequestratoribus  depauperato,  2s.  6d. :  Middleton  de 
Barystickin  Lane  ^,  2S.  Leigh,  quern  Olivarius  venumdavit  et  depor- 
tatum  voluit  ad  insulam  Barbadoes  (whom  Oliver  had  sold  for  a  slave 
to  Barbadoes),  2s. :  Lumes,  quern  in  fodina  mutilavit  impetus 
ruentium  carbonum  (injured  by  a  colliery  accident),  6d.  :  pauperi 
cuidam  pedagogo  de  Basingstoke,  cui  laesum  erat  cerebellum,  is. : 
cuidam  generoso  de  Lusitania,  exulanti  religionis  ergo,  5s. :  clerico 
de  Southampton  dum  oppidum  peste  laborabat  (while  the  plague 
raged  in  that  town),  los. :  militi  regio  ulceribus  scatenti,  6</.  :  quatuor 
captivis  de  Algiers,  is. :  Clement  quondam  choristae,  morbo  et 
pauperie  laboranti,  2s.  6d.' 

Among  the  scholars  of  the  year  1661  appear  a  Bishop  (Man- 
ningham),  a  Chief  Justice  (Herbert),  a  Secretary  of  State  (Tren- 

*  Thus  I  find  that  ;^6495  of  the  usurper's  coin  was  taken  in  May  1664  by 
Viner,  Backhouse  and  Meynell  at  a  discount  of  jCs  105.  per  ;^ioo  and  re- 
coined  {Domestic  State  Papers,  vol.  xcviii). 

'  The  old  name,  according  to  Milner,  of  Canon  Street  The  lane  in  which 
pigs  were  stuck ;  *  barrow  *  in  Hampshire  meaning  a  young  male  pig. 


35(> 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


chard),  a  Prebendary  (Houghton),  a  Public  Orator  (Cradock), 
and  a  Head  Master  (Harris).  Another  (Peachman)  was  a 
Fellow  of  both  Colleges  successively,  and  left  a  legacy  to  the 
College  Library.  Two,  Saint  Loe  and  Taylour,  died  of  small 
pox,  the  one  in  the  prime  of  life,  the  other  while  yet  a  scholar. 
The  staurus  expensarum  for  1661 : — 


Wheat,  126  batches 
45  brewlocks 
Audit  bread 
Election  bread   , 
Flour  at  election 

„     for  Warden 
Waste 


QRS.  BUS.  FKS. 

141    6    o 


2 

O 


151 

6 

3 

Malt,  45  brewlocks 

315 

0 

0 

„     Beer  at  Election   . 

I 

2 

0 

„          „      Audit 

I 

0 

0 

317      2      O 

Oats,  13  qrs 

Oatmeal,  4  qrs.  6  bus 

Oxen,  45^,  26,918  lbs 

Oxheads,  &c. 

Sheep,  632,  24,888  lbs 

Sheep's  heads,  &c.,  460  lbs 

Suet,  496  lbs 

Hops,  676  lbs 

Brawn 

Cheese  and  butter  (quantity  not  mentioned) 

Bay  and  table  salt 

Salt  fish 

Mustard  and  vinegar 

Spices 

Sugar      

Raisins  and  currants 

Olive  oil 

Rice 

Charcoal  (69  quarters) 

Tallwood,  33,700  logs 

Faggots,  37,950       .■ 

Candles 


380  10  iii 


435  15    Si 


17  17 
14    5 


336 
9 

311 

5 

6 

18 

2 


28  13 

7 
24 

6 

7 
6 


II 
o 
o 


33  12 

28    4 

39  13 

9  15 


o 
o 
6 
o 

3 
o 
o 

3 
o 

4i 

4 

o 

5 
3 
3 

4 
o 

9 

4 
II 


^1744  19 


Warden  Burt.  351 

The  supervisors  say  at  the  Election  of  1662  : — 

*  Mr.  Marshall  (one  of  the  Fellowes)  hardly  ever  attends  common 
prayer  in  Chapel,  and  never  wears  a  surplice.  A  scholar  named 
Hunt  (adm.  1658)  has  not  obeyed  the  Warden's  order  that  he  shall 
wear  a  surplice,  and  the  Warden  hath  not  punished  him  for  con- 
tumacy. The  Warden  takes  a  vessel  primae  infusionis  (of  the  first 
and  strongest  wort)  of  every  brewing  for  his  own  use,  and  never  dines 
or  sups  in  Hall  except  at  Election.  The  Chaplains  take  their  bread, 
beer,  and  commons  out  of  College.' 

And  in  1668  they  complain 

'  That  the  Rolls  *  of  persons  accused  are  many  times  not  so  much 
taken  notice  of  as  they  ought  to  be,  punishment  being  oft  times  not 
inflicted  upon  peccant  persons.  Clark  (one  of  the  chaplains)  enter- 
tains townsmen  in  his  chamber,  drinking  and  singing  of  rude  songs, 
to  the  great  disturbance  of  the  greater  part  of  the  College.  The 
choristers,  who  ought  to  be  waiting  in  Hall,  are  so  far  exempted 
from  this  duty,  that  they  become  appropriated  to  Mr.  Warden,  and 
consequently  the  children  are  forced  to  fetch  their  own  beer,  and 
there  are  seldom  more  than  three  choristers  to  wait  upon  them 
at  meals.  The  children  are  served  with  dead  and  stoop't  beer,  which 
they  cannot  well  drink.  The  meat  is  over  roasted  and  boiled  by 
the  cook  *,  and  the  best  of  the  wort  is  taken  from  the  brewhouse, 
so  that  the  rest  becomes  smaller.' 

However,  the  supervisors  of  the  following  year  say,  under 
the  hand  of  Warden  Woodward  : — 

*  In  this  scrutiny  there  was  nothing  but  ye  beere  complained  of ; 
and  Mr.  Warden  hath  taken  care  yt  it  be  mended.' 

In  1662  the  Society  bought  for  £20  the   following  books, 

which  were  priced  as  under : — 

Is.   d. 

Calvish  Chronologia i  10    o 

Concilia  Novissima  Gallica o  18    o 

Monasticon,  Part  II. i  10    o 

Bp.  Brumbrigg's  Sermons o  15    o 

Faber's  Opus  Concionum 2  10    o 

Lotichii  res  Germanica 2  10    o 

Meisneri  opera 200 

Placaei  Disputationes o  12    o 

Placaeus  de  Imputatione  Peccati o  10    o 

*  Lists  of  names  for  punishment.    '  The  Bill '  at  Eton  means  the  same  thing. 
'  The  dripping  and  grease  were  his  perquisites. 


35^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£  s.  d. 

Rampii  Bibliotheca  Portabilis,  ii  vols 500 

Vossii  Thesaurus 060 

Cornelius  a  Lapide  in  Proverbia  et  Solomon  .        .        .        100 
Bochart,  Geographia  Sacra 170 

Also  four  Books  of  Common  Prayer,  £1  85.;  two  Litur- 
gies, in  gilt  bindings,  £2 ;  two  smaller  Liturgies,  in  gilt 
bindings,  for  the  Holy  Table,  i8s. ;  six  other  copies,  plain 
bound,  £2.  In  1665  twelve  more  Books  of  Common  Prayer 
for  the  Commoners,  two  in  large  folio,  for  the  Warden 
and  Sub-Warden,  and  10  plain  bound,  for  the  stalls,  were 
bought. 

The  Charter  of  Privileges  was  renewed  for  the  last  time 
under  Charles  IL     The  fees  on  the  renewal  were  as  follows  : — 

£    s.  d. 

Attorney-General  in  gold 5  17    6^ 

Drawing  the  Report o  10    o 

Drawing  and  engrossing  the  bill 600 

Doorkeeper 026 

Mr.  Nicholas  in  the  Secretary's  office'^    .        .        .        .  12    o    o 

Doorkeepers 036 

Fee  at  Signet  Office 7  17    o 

„      Privy  Seal  Office 7  16    8 

At  the  Patent  Office  :— 

Paid  for  a  skin  of  vellum,  with  a  follower  and  silk 

strings i  16    o 

The  clerk  there .        .  2  13    4 

Drawing  and  entering  the  docket 030 

The  Lord  Chancellor's  gentlemen 2  16    8 

Sealbearer's  fee 030 

The  clerk 100 

At  the  Hanaper  Office  : — 

Enrolment 200 

Counter  enrolment 890 

Fees   of  the  officers  of  the  Chancellor  and  Master 

of  the  Rolls I  II    o 

*  Gold  being  at  a  premium.  In  1662  the  sum  of  ^5  65.  8</.  and  in  1665  the 
sum  of  yfs  IIS.  3rf.  was  disbursed  for  five  gold  Jacobuses  to  be  given  to  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  who  had  revived  the  fee  given  to  Lord  Burghley  and  his  suc- 
cessors prior  to  the  Commonwealth. 

*  Quaere,  son  of  Sir  Edward  Nicholas,  Secretary  of  State  under  Charles  I 
and  H. 


Warden  Burt.  353 

£   s.    d. 
Paid  for  box  to  hold  the  patent 050 

„      the  solicitor  for  his  paines  .        .        .        .500 

„      carriage  of  the  charter  to  Winchester  .      026 


;^I05      o      6 


The  tomb  of  Wykeham  and  his  chantry  or  mortuary  chapel 
in  the  nave  of  Winchester  Cathedral  underwent  in  1664  certain 
repairs,  at  the  time  when  the  Cathedral  was  being  restored,  as 
far  as  was  possible,  to  its  former  state  and  appearance,  after 
the  devastation  committed  during  the  Civil  War  and  Common- 
wealth. The  chantry  Wykeham  built  in  his  lifetime ;  and  his 
body  was  interred  within  it,  pursuant  to  a  direction  contained 
in  his  will : — 

*  Item  lego  corpus  meum,  cum  ab  hac  luce  migravero,  tradendum 
ecclesiastice  sepulture  in  medio  cuiusdam  capelle  in  navi  dicte 
ecclesie  ex  parte  australi  eiusdem  per  me  de  novo  constructe.' 

The  tomb,  if  I  may  quote  Lowth's  description  of  it, 

*  is  of  white  marble,  of  very  elegant  workmanship,  considering  the 
time,  with  his  effigies  in  his  pontifical  robes  lying  along  upon  it.' 

Milner^  gives  a  full  description  both  of  chantry  and  tomb. 
The  following  entries  in  the  Bursars'  book  of  1664  refer  to 
what  was  done  in  that  year : — 

£  s.  d. 
Sol.  M™  Bird  pro  reparando  monumento  fundatoris  11  70 
M'°    Hawkins    pingenti    et    deauranti    monumentum 

fundatoris  ex  nostra  parte 6  13    8  '^ 

Fabro    ferrario    conficienti    ferreum   le   hearse^   pro 

statua  fundatoris         .        .        .        .        .        .        .      o  17    6 

Eidem  conficienti  novam  serram  cum  clave  et  duplici 

vecte  ad  capellam  monumenti o  17    o 

Pro  xij  ulnis  canabi  pro  tegumento  ad  statuam  ad  xx* 

per  ulnam ;  et  pro  conficiendo  eodem      .        .        .      i    i  10 

»  History  of  Winchester,  Pt  II,  Ch.  ii. 
'  New  College  paid  the  other  half  of  the  bill. 

'  Used  here,  I  think,  in  its  primary  sense  of  '  Candelabrum  ecclesiasticum  quod 
ad  caput  cenotaphii  erigi  solet '  (Ducange,  sub  voc. '  hersia').  At  this  period  it 
was  more  often  used  to  denote  the  tomb  itself  : — 

'  In  place  of  scutcheons  that  should  deck  thy  hearse 
Take  better  ornaments,  my  tears  and  verse.' 

Ben  Jonson,  Epig.  xxvii 

A  a 


354  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

£  s.  d. 

Joh.  Lockett  pro  xxxiiij  tridentibus  acuminatis  ferreis 

pro  eodem  et  pro  les  spikes 380 

Eidem  emendanti  ferream  vectem  ibidem  et  pro  le 

rivett 016 

George  et  operario  per  tres  dies  et  dim.  faciendo  fora- 
mina et  cum  plumbo  figent.  les  spikes  circa  summi- 
tates  tumuli  fundatoris 094 


£24  15  10 


These  repairs  were  rendered  necessary  by  the  damage  which 
the  monument  had  sustained  during  the  Civil  War.  The 
fact  of  the  epitaph^  in  brass  letters  inlaid  round  the  slab,  on 
which  the  marble  figure  of  Wykeham  reposes,  having  escaped 
injury,  gives  credit  to  the  tradition  that  some  pious  Wykehamist 
afforded  protection  to  it.  The  Founder's  monument  was 
repaired  again  in  1797,  at  a  cost  of  £48  45.  8d.,  and  is  now  in 
good  order. 

Under  custus  capellae  et  lihrariae  in  1665  I  find  a  reference  to 
a  present  from  Margaret  Cavendish,  afterwards  Duchess  of 
Newcastle,  of  two  of  her  works.  Burt's  letter  acknowledging 
them  is  not  preserved.  The  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge  acknowledged  a  presentation  copy  of  one  of  her 
works  in  the  following  language  : — 

'  Most  excellent  Princess,  you  have  unspeakably  obliged  us  all,  but 
not  in  one  respect  alone.  Whensoever  we  find  ourselves  non- 
plussed in  our  studies,  we  repair  to  you  as  our  oracle  :  if  we  knock  at 
the  door,  you  open  it  to  us ;  if  we  compose  an  history,  you  are  the 
remembrancer;  if  we  be  confounded  and  puzzled  among  the 
philosophers,  you  disentangle  and  assort  all  our  difficulties,'  &c. 

Custus  armorum  in  1665 : — 

*Mr.  Richards,  for  a  buflfe  coat  and  vest,  £2  85.;  Vander  (the 
London  carrier),  taking  the  vest  up  to  be  altered,  is.  6d. ;  the  tailor, 
making  it  looser  and  larger,  25.  6d. ;    changing  the  buffe  coat  for 

*  *  Willelmus  dictus  Wykeham  jacet  hie  neee  victus, 

Istius  eeclesie  presul,  reparavit  eamque. 
Largus  erat  dapifer;  probat  hoc  cum  divite  pauper. 
Consiliis  pariter  regni  fuerat  bene  dexter. 
Hunc  docet  esse  pium  fundacio  collegiorum, 
Oxonie  primum  Wintonieque  secundum. 
Jugiter  oretis  tumulum  quicunque  videtis 
Pro  tantis  mcritis  ut  sit  sibi  vita  perennis.' 


Warden  Burt.  355 

another  one,  105. ;  leather  for  sleeves  for  the  vest,  15, ;  tailor  makin 
the  sleeves,  and  for  buttons,  galloon  and  dimity  for  lining,  zs.  6d.  A 
pair  of  holsters,  a  breastplate,  crupper,  bit  and  bridle,  15s. ;  cleaning 
the  carbine  and  pistols,  35. ;  Webb  (the  College  trooper),  carrying 
arms  two  days,  5s. :  gunpowder,  6</.' 

Walter  Harris,  a  scholar  admitted  to  New  College  in  1666,  was 
physician  to  William  III,  and  attended  Queen  Mary  on  her 
death  bed. 

At  Whitsuntide,  1666,  the  plague  made  its  appearance  at 
Winchester.  It  had  visited  Southampton  in  the  preceding 
autumn,  while  it  was  raging  in  London,  and  the],Society  seem 
to  have  subscribed  to  a  fund  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers : — 
*  Dat.  ex  gratia  miserime  afflictis  peste  et  fame  in  villa  South- 
ampton xV  is  an  entry  in  the  Bursars'  books  of  1665.  The 
memory  of  its  ravages  in  Winchester  on  this  occasion  is  kept 
up  by  the  annual  festival  of  the  Natives'  Society,  which  was 
founded  for  the  succour  of  the  orphans  and  widows  of  the 
victims.  Upon  the  sickness  appearing  in  the  Soke  the  School 
broke  up.  Some  of  the  scholars  were  sent  home,  one  of  them, 
who  had  nowhere  to  go  for  a  fortnight,  receiving  a  small  sum 
for  his  subsistence  meanwhile : — '  Dat.  Houghton  puero,  cum 
jussus  esset  excedere  e  collegio  per  duas  septimanas  et  non 
haberet  ubi  comode  viveret,  vj*.'  The  rest  were  removed  to 
Crawley,  a  village  five  miles  west  of  Winchester,  and  lived  in 
a  farmhouse  there  for  a  month.  Why  they  were  not  sent  to 
Moundsmere,  where  the  tenant  was  obliged  to  receive  them 
under  the  circumstances,  does  not  appear.  No  reason  is  re- 
corded, but  Moundsmere  is  further  off,  and  possibly  the  build- 
ings were  out  of  repair,  or  the  tenant  was  recalcitrant.  The 
College  was  closed  while  the  sickness  lasted,  the  servants  being 
dismissed  on  board  wages,  and  Roger  Oades,  the  old  servant 
who  fetched  the  fox  in  1658,  minding  the  outer  gate  and  bring- 
ing over  victuals  to  Crawley  in  panniers  on  the  College  horses. 
These  are  the  entries  in  the  Bursars' book  relating  to  the  affair: — 

£   s.  d. 
Pro  domo  conducts,  ad  Crawley  a  quodam  Henrico 

Talmage 11    o  o 

Operariis  ibidem 10  19  i 

Rogero  Oades  attendenti  portas  et  portanti  victualia  ad 

Crawley o  10  o 

Pro  carriagiis 17    4  4 

Pro  impedito  prati  foeno  per  lusus  puerorum       .        .  200 

A  a  2 


S5^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

It  does  not  appear  certain  that  any  scholar  died  of  the 
plague  ;  but  there  was  a  falling  off  in  the  consumption  of  bread 
and  beer  to  the  extent,  as  compared  with  the  previous  year,  of 
15,360  lbs.  of  bread,  and  200  hhds.  of  beer,  which  shows  how 
many  absentees  there  must  have  been^  The  plague  broke  out 
again  in  the  summer  of  1667.  While  it  was  raging,  the  two 
Wardens  met  at  Hursley  (as  near  as  the  Warden  from  Oxford 
dared  to  venture),  and  decided  that  the  election  for  1667  should 
be  held  at  Newbury.  The  election  was  held  there  accordingly, 
Burt  meeting  the  other  Warden  at  Speenhamland,  a  mile  out  of 
Newbury,  on  the  road  to  Oxford,  and  Bampton,  the  senior 
scholar,  speaking  the  oration  '  ad  Portas '  there.  The  election 
of  1667  continued  to  be  the  only  instance  of  an  election  held 
without  the  walls  of  the  College  until  the  new  governing  body 
came  into  office.  It  is  their  practice  to  hold  elections  at  the 
Westminster  Palace  Hotel,  London. 

College  seems  to  have  been  closed  from  the  latter  part  of 
August  until  the  end  of  December.  No  deaths  are  recorded ; 
but  there  is  an  allusion  to  the  cost  of  covering  the  graves  of 
those  who  died  of  the  plague  (not  necessarily  College  people) 
which  may  be  seen  in  'Long  Hills,'  the  winding  valley  which 
divides  '  Hills '  from  Twyford  Down.  The  Bursars'  book  for 
1667  contains  the  following  entries  : — 

Pro  conventu  apud  Hursley  at  aliis  expensis 
Pro  expensis  electionis  apud  Newbury 
Bampton  pro  oratione  apud   conventum  in   Speen- 
hamland      

Silver  scolari  pro  comunis  per  xiij  septimanas 

Servis  absentibus  pro  comunis 50 

Vice  custodi  pro  pane  et  potu  tempore  pestilentiae  per 

xvi  septimanas 

Septem  aliis  sociis  pro  simili,  item  M'°  informator 

et  uni  capellano 

Ixiv  scolaribus  pro  defectu  comunarum 

Choristis  pro  simili 

Pro  le  tar  et  pitch  ad  purgand.  cameras  scolarium 
Pro  sepeliendis  sepulcris  pestilentibus  ad  Long  Hills 

^  The  year's  consumption  was  only  ii8  quarters  of  wheat,  say  74,640  lbs.  of 
bread  at  60  lbs.  to  the  bushel,  and  720  hhds.  or  38,880  gallons  of  beer,  whereas 
150  quarters  of  wheat  and  920  hhds.  of  beer  were  used  in  1665. 


£s. 

d. 

I   5 

6 

51    5 

9 

0  13 

4 

2    0 

0 

50    4 

6 

I  17 

4 

16  16 

0 

112  14 

0 

10  10 

0 

0    0 

9 

I     0 

0 

Warden  Burt.  357 

The  Society  appear  to  have  behaved  very  liberally  to  the 
sufferers  in  the  parishes  of  St.  John  and  St.  Peter  Cheeshill. 
An  item  in  the  Bursars'  book  of  1668  of  ^d.  for  incense  to  burn 
in  chapel,  perhaps  as  a  disinfectant,  recalls  Evelyn's  observa- 
tion ^  that  perfume  was  burnt  in  the  Chapel  Royal  before  the 
service  began  on  Easter  Day,  1684. 

Ten  years  later  Widow  Tipper,  the  relict  of  the  College 
chandler,  obtained  a  gratuity  of  £6  13s.  ^d.  '  causa  damni 
circa  ly  tallow  tempore  pestis  anno  mdclxvi.'  The  rule  was 
that  the  butcher  should  supply  the  chandler  with  a  stated 
quantity  of  tallow  to  be  made  into  candles  for  use  in  College. 
While  the  plague  was  raging,  the  consumption  of  meat,  and 
consequently  the  supply  of  tallow,  fell  off,  so  that  Tipper  had  to 
buy  tallow  elsewhere.  Hence  his  widow's  application.  The 
following  memorandum  by  one  of  the  Bursars  of  1731  will 
explain  the  arrangement  with  the  chandler : — 

'The  butcher  is  to  deliver  1600 lbs  of  tallow ^a//s  to  the  chandler, 
out  of  which  the  chandler  is  to  deliver  133  dozen  and  4  lbs.  of 
candles  at  i8d.  per  dozen  lbs.  for  the  exchange  and  x8d.  per  dozen 
lbs.  for  the  duty  and  cotton. 

DOZEN   LBS. 

To  the  Warden 28 

Ten  Fellows ao 

Schoolmaster i 

Usher i 

Cook 6 

Chaplains 6 

Clerks i    6  lbs. 

Butler 22    8  „ 

Brewer a 

Porter 3 

The  children 42 

133    2  lbs. 

*  The  overplus,  if  any,  belongs  to  the  Bursars.  Usually  there  is  an 
overplus  of  a  dozen  and  a  few  pounds  by  the  absence  of  the  children 
at  Christmas.' 

Edward  Chute,  the  last  scholar  admitted  in  1669-70,  was  a 
grandson  of  Challoner  Chute,  of  the  Vyne,  Esq.,  who  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons  in   Richard   Cromwell's 

*  Diary,  March  30,  1684. 


35^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Parliament,   and   grandfather  of  John   Chute    of  the    Vyne, 
Horace  Walpole's  correspondent. 

Thomas  Welstead  (adm.  1670)  died  Jan.  13,  1676-7,  of  a  blow 
from  a  stone;  as  his  epitaph  in  Cloisters  tells  us  : — 

*  Hoc  sub  marmore  sepultus  est 
Thomas  Welstead 
Quern  calculi  ictu  mors 
Prostravit :  in  hac  scola 
Primus  erat,  nee, 
Ut  speramus,  in  caelo  ultimus  est. 
Quod  pro  Oxonia  adiit 
130  die  Januarii 
(  domini  1676 
^^"°   I  aetatis  suae  i8.' 

Henry  Sacheverell  (adm.  1671)  was  not  the  notorious  Dr. 
Sacheverell,  but  '  a  very  ingenious  gentleman  of  the  same 
name  who  died  young,  to  whom  Addison  dedicated  an  early 
paper  of  verses^'  John  Norris,  another  scholar  of  1671,  was 
nominated  by  Bishop  Morley.  He  matriculated  at  Exeter 
College,  and  became  a  Fellow  of  All  Souls'  in  1680.  He  was 
author  oi  An  Essay  towards  the  Theory  of  the  Ideal  or  Intelli- 
gible World.  John  Packer,  who  was  nominated  by  Charles  H 
in  1672,  was  a  son  of  John  Packer  of  Groombridge,  Evelyn's 
friend. 

Custus  capellae  in  1672  contains  an  item  of  2s.  '  pro  veneno 
ad  conservationem  organorum,'  to  save  the  bellows  from  being 
eaten  by  the  rats. 

Under  custus  aulae — 'Seven  ells  holland  for  Fellows'  table, 
19s.  10^. ;  thirty-three  ells  lockeram  for  napkins,  39s.  \o\d. ; 
sixty-seven  ells  unbleached  linen  for  scholars'  and  servants' 
tables,  725.  ']d. ;  trenchers,  7s.  per  gross.'  In  1673  there  occurs 
an  entry  of  6s.  6d.  for  mending  and  regilding  the  '  Founder's 
spoone,'  a  piece  of  plate  which  has  not  come  down  to  us. 

There  was  a  law-suit  in  1673  with  a  Mr.  Bettesworth  about 
the  Camoys  Hill  property,  which  he  appears  to  have  regarded 
as  his  own  freehold,  but  which  was  really  parcel  of  Hambledon 
Camoys,  a  small  manor  which  Wykeham's  executors  annexed 
to  the  College  in  2  Hen.  V.  Commissioners  sat  at  the  White 
Hart  Inn,  Hambledon,  to  take  the  depositions  of  sundry  aged 

^  Johnson,  Lives  0/ the  Poets. 


Warden  Burt.  359 

witnesses  who  were  unable  to  travel.  The  expenses  of  other 
witnesses  at  the  King's  Head  in  Winchester  during  the  assizes 
amounted  to  £1  iis.  6d.  And  John  Pratt  and  his  son,  John 
Littlefield,  William  Newman,  and  Edward  Abennath  had 
15s.  6d.  among  them  for  coming  from  the  locality  to  give 
evidence  if  required.  Counsel  for  the  College  were  Serjeant 
Maynard,  fee,  40s. ;  Dr.  Strowde,  fee,  405. ;  and  Mr.  Powlett, 
fee,  205.  The  Serjeant's  clerk  had  5s.,  and  6s.  was  spent  in 
'regards*  at  the  house  of  Attorney  Coward.  Harris,  the 
Steward  of  the  College  manors,  had  £5  for  his  services,  and 
Oswald  Fryer,  his  clerk,  had  £1.  The  College  won  the  day. 
Distributio  pauperibus,  1673-6  : — 

'  Two  prisoners  of  war  from  Holland,  is. ;  Gray  and  Carew,  two 
Irish  cavaliers,  who  had  suffered  by  a  fire  (comburium  passis),  15. ; 
towards  redeeming  Vibart  of  Southampton  from  captivity  amongst 
the  Turks,  5s.;  the  minister  of  the  French  Protestant  church  at 
Southampton,  105. ;  to  redeem  a  Southampton  man  in  prison  at 
Sallee,  105.  ;  a  priest  of  the  Eastern  Church  who  had  been  in  prison 
in  Crete,  65. ;  a  soldier  who  had  been  wounded  at  Tangier,  15. ;  a 
poor  Chaldean  priest  who  had  been  robbed  by  the  Turks,  £2 ; 
Walter  Tichborne,  £2  ;  a  labourer  at  the  College  "  a  pulvere  pyrio 
lethaliter  sauciatus," '  ids. 

The  expenses  and  receipts  on  the  autumn  Progress,  Sept.  1-18, 
1674,  appear  by  the  outrider's  book  to  have  been  as  follows : — 

Eling:—  £    s.    d. 

Dinner  and  provender i  17  10 

The  servants 010 

Beer  at  the  Court  house 004 

Gratuity  to  Abraham  Wing 050 

Fernhill : — 

Gratuities 070 

Blandford : — 

Supper  and  breakfast i    9  10 

Provender o  15  10 

The  servants 020 

The  blacksmith  for  shoes 030 

A  poor  man  on  the  road 002 

Sydling  :— 

Valuing  a  suicide's  goods 020 

Gratuities o  12    o 

Mr.  Floyd,  playing  on  the  harp 050 

The  poor 030 


360  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Piddletrenthide : —  £,    s.    d. 

Gratuities .  o- 12    o 

At  the  house  of  Dr.  White,  the  Vicar    ....  010 

The  poor 040 

A  peck  of  malt  for  a  mash  for  a  horse  ....  006 

Blandford  ^  :— 

Supper  and  breakfast i    7  10 

Provender o  13    o 

The  ostler 010 

Coombe  Bisset : — 

Gratuities .        .        .  070 

The  smith 010 

Moundsmere : — 

Gratuities 040 

A  blind  man 002 

One  who  showed  us  the  way 006 

Manydown  and  Andwell : — 

Gratuities o  12    o 

Ashe  (Surrey) : — 

The  clerk  showing  the  church 006 

Gratuities 050 

The  smith 008 

Mending  the  chaise 010 

Farnham  Castle : — 

Gratuities 026 

Alton  :— 

A  sick  person o  10    o 

Ropley : — 

Gratuities 050 

Meonstoke : — 

Gratuities  at  Dr.  Matthews'  house  .        .        ,        .        .  076 

At  the  Court  House o    i    o 

Huntbourne : — 

Gratuities 046 

Hire  of  a  horse  eighteen  days 0180 

;^i3    3    8 


'  The  College  had  no  property  here.  It  was  the  place  at  which  they  broke 
their  journey,  as  on  this  occasion,  from  Piddletrenthide  near  Dorchester,  to 
Combe  Bisset,  near  Salisbury.  In  1714  the  Society  subscribed  ;^3  4s.  6d.  to  a 
fund  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers  from  the  late  dreadful  fire  there. 


Warden  Burt.  361 

Receipts  on  same  Progress. 

Eling : —  £  s.    d. 

Fine,  Richard  Winkworth o  15    o 

Fine,  John  Olding o  15    o 

Fine,  Will.  Shepheard 150 

Two  fines  and  the  heriot  of  John  and  Sarah  Durrant .  2  10    o 

Two  heriots  of  James  Lord,  out  of  Court       .        .        .  4  10    o 

Fine,  James  Lord iioo 

Fine,  Patience  Pointer  and  sisters          .        .        .        .  6  10    o 

Another  fine.  Patience  Pointer 100 

Fine,  Michael  Powell 600 

Fine,  Walter  Hammond o  15    o 

License  to  let,  Mrs.  Ford o  10    o 

Fernhill : — 

Fine  on  exchange  of  one  life,  John  Burrard,  gent.       .  100 

Sydling  :— 

Amerciament,  John  Northover 026 

Amerciament,  John  Hopkins 006 

Heriot,  Mrs.  Dorothy  Webb 200 

Fine,  Mrs.  Honora  Hollway 18    o    o 

Fine,  on  exchange  of  one  life,  Mrs.  Honora  Hollway 

(in  error) o  10    o 

Jane  Foy,  license  to  let o  18    o 

Exchange  of  one  life,  John  Kiddle 200 

Do.  Matthew  Devenish 200 

Three  new  lives  in  the  Barn,  and  one  in  the  twelve 

acres,  Mrs.  Lydia  Hussey 800 

Piddletrenthide : — 

Heriot,  John  Crocker 050 

Fine,  John  Vincent,  and  heriot,  John  Brine          .        .  350 

Three  new  lives,  Jasper  Stickland         .        .        .        .  12    o    o 
Exchange  of  three  lives,  Robert  Oxenbridge,  Esq.  and 

heriot,  John  Randall,  gent 14    o    o 

Coombe  Bisset : — 

Fine,  John  Hebart 7  10    o 

Two  new  lives,  license  to  let,  John  Sellwood        .        .  28    o    o 

Moundsmere : — 

Relief,  John  Lock o  10    o 

Andwell : — 

Relief,  John  Rogers,  clerk 070 

Relief,  Thomas  Browne 010 

Fine,  Edmund  Penton 300 

Ashe  : — 

Cert,  money ' 050 

*  A  chief  rent,  or  rent  of  assize. 


3<52  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Ropley  : —  £  s.   d. 

Fine,  James  Gilbert 0160 

Two  heriots,  Richard  Ween,  out  of  Court     .        .        .  100 

Fine,  James  Ween 400 

Exchange  of  one  hfe,  John  White .        .        .        .        .  600 

Exchange  of  three  hves,  Will  Godden   .        .        .        .  o  13    o 

Heriot,  Anne  Budd,  out  of  Court 2  10    o 

Meonstoke : — 

Fine  and  heriot,  Owen  Crane 100 

Fine  and  heriot,  John  Earwicker 180 

H  amble  Rice  (out  of  Court) : — 

Two  fines  and  heriots  on  White's  surrender         .        .  200 

Itchenstoke  (out  of  Court) : — 

Heriot,  Thome  ^ 2  10    o 

AUington  (out  of  Court)  : — 
Clement  Westcombe,  fine  on  putting  in  one  new  life  in 

lieu  of  three  old  lives 2  10    o 

Total        .        .        .        .  £163  II    o 
Deduct : — 

I   s.    d. 

Expenses 12  19    8 

Allocation  to  those  who  rode  on 

this  Progress     .        .        .        .868        21    6    4 

Balance    ....  £142    4    8 


Pit-coals  (carbones  fossiles)  are  mentioned  for  the  first  time 
in  the  Bursars'  book  of  1675.  They  were  dear,  fourteen  chal- 
drons eight  bushels  costing  £34  iis.  8«?.,  about  is.  6d.  per 
bushel,  the  measure  by  which  coals  were  sold  in  Winchester  as 
long  as  they  came  by  canal  from  Southampton. 

'  This  lifehold  continued  in  the  family  of  Thome  till  i8a8,  when  it  passed 
into  the  family  of  the  present  Lord  Ashburton. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 


Warden  Nicholas  (1679-1711). 

William  Harris. — Alterations  of  Chapel. — '  School' built. — Subscribers. — Why 
Bishop  Morley  gave  the  timber. — Dupaizy,  a  French  refugee. — Attempt  of 
Charles  H  to  nominate  the  Steward. — Small-pox  in  1684. — Eliot's  Indian 
bible. — Trees  in  Meads. — A  'leave-out'  letter. — John  Philips. — Young's 
'Night  Thoughts.' — Dr.  Cobden's  legacy.  —  William  Harrison. — Dr. 
Cheyney. — Needs  the  Prophet. — College  Bells. — Warden's  allowances. — 
Waste  of  beer. — Bishop  of  Winchester's  visitatorial  power. — Scholars' 
Commons. — Fees  in  College  and  Commoners. 

Dr.  John  Nicholas  ^  (adm.  1653),  the  Warden  of  New  College, 
succeeded  Dr.  Burt  in  1679.  Beeston  became  Warden  of  New 
College,  and  Dr.  William  Harris  (adm.  1661)  took  charge  of 
the  School.  He  was  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  College  at  the 
time,  and  had  been  Regius  Professor  of  Greek  at  Oxford,  and 
hostiarius  for  a  short  time  under  Beeston.  Harris  reigned 
twenty-one  years,  and  was  a  benefactor,  giving  £100  to  the 
fund  for  building  *  School,'  and  £200  to  improve  the  Scholars* 
commons,  by  substituting  veal  for  salt  fish  once  a  week  in  Lent 
— a  reform  of  which  Dr.  Taylor's  widow,  the  old  lady  whose 
portrait  hangs  in  Hall,  usually  has  the  credit.  Dying  in  1700, 
he  bequeathed  a  large  sum — Adams  says  £800 — for  the  im- 
provement and  decoration  of  the  choir  of  Winchester  Cathedral, 
of  which  he  was  latterly  a  prebendary.  Dr.  Nicholas  was  also 
a  benefactor.  In  1681  he  gave  a  large  silver-gilt  bowl  and  two 
silver-gilt  salvers  as  an  instalment  towards  replacing  the  plate 
which  went  to  Charles  I,  and  shortly  afterwards  the  two  Books 

'  He  was  a  son  of  Matthew  Nicholas  (adm.  1607)  who  became  Dean  of 
Bristol  in  1629  and  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  at  the  Restoration.  Matthew  Nicholas 
was  a  younger  son  of  John  Nicholas,  Esq.,  of  Winterboume  Earls,  whose 
eldest  son,  Sir  Edward  Nicholas,  Secretary  of  State  under  Charles  I  and  II,  was 
born  in  1593. 


364  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

of  Common  Prayer,  bound  in  crimson  velvet  with  silver-gilt 
clasps,  which  lie  on  the  Communion  Table  in  the  College 
chapel.  He  spent  £1373  on  building  the  garden  front  and 
other  improvements  of  the  Warden's  lodgings,  and  superin- 
tended the  alteration  of  the  interior  of  the  chapel  in  1687-92, 
which  cost  altogether  £1547  17s.  6d}  In  his  leisure  time  he 
indexed  the  first  volume  of  the  Register  of  Scholars,  and  made 
a  copy  of  the  Statutes — no  light  undertaking — for  the  use  of 
his  successors.  *  School,' however,  was  his  chief  work.  Few 
buildings  are  uglier,  or  better  suited  to  their  purpose.  The 
interior  is  lofty  and  well  proportioned,  being  ninety  feet  long, 
thirty-six  feet  wide,  and  about  thirty  feet  high.  Round  the 
cornice  of  the  ceiling,  which  is  divided  into  compartments  and 
ornamented  with  garlands  in  relief^,  are  the  arms  of  Bishops 
Morley,  Ken,  and  Turner ;  William  Pierpoint,  Earl  of  Kings- 
ston-upon-Hull ;  Charles  Pawlett,  Earl  of  Wiltshire  ;  Wri- 
othesley  Baptist  Noel,  Viscount  Campden ;  Wardens  Beeston 
and  Nicholas,  and  Harris  the  Schoolmaster.  The  walls  are 
covered  to  half  their  height  with  dark  wainscot,  carved  with 
names,  like  the  panelling  of  Upper  School  at  Eton,  but  to 
nothing  like  the  same  extent ;  and  a  bookcase,  having  the  stove 
in  front  of  it,  is  let  into  the  south  wall  opposite  the  doorway '. 

School  is  now  used  on  speech-days  and  for  concerts  and 
lectures.  A  fine  organ  by  Hill  and  Son  has  been  erected  at 
the  east  end  of  it,  on  a  raised  platform.  The  masters'  desks, 
the  benches  on  which  the  boys  sat  and  wrote,  and  the  '  scobs  * 
or  boxes  in  which  they  kept  their  books,  &c.,  have  disappeared. 
The  Tabula  Legum  Paedagogicarum,  which  used  to  be  at  the 
east  end,  is  now  over  the  doorway  *. 

*  This  appears  from  the  Bursars'  books.  The  belief  that  Warden  Nicholas 
found  the  money  for  these  alterations  is  erroneous. 

*  A  ceiling  in  No.  3  the  Close,  which  was  the  prebendal  house  of  Dr. 
Nicholas,  is  decorated  in  a  similar  manner,  and  so  are  the  ceilings  of  the 
principal  rooms  of  an  old  Manor  house  at  Eye  in  Herefordshire,  which  is  now 
the  parsonage. 

^  School  was  built  without  a  fireplace  or  chimney,  probably  because  there 
was  no  fireplace  or  chimney  in  the  old  school-room  under  the  Hall.  The  present 
fireplace  and  chimney  were  provided  in  1784,  at  a  cost  of  (^84,  which  was  taken  out 
of  money  bequeathed  by  Dr.  Taylor  for  the  improvement  of  the  scholars'  com- 
mons. The  present  stove  replaces  a  '  patent  air  stove  '  which  cost  £38  io5.  dd.  in 
1784. 

*  These  quaint  old  byelaws,  which  Adams  {Wykehamica,  p.  93)  regards  as 


Warden  Nicholas.  365 

On  another  board  at  the  west  end  of  School  the  Wykeham- 
ical  emblems  are  painted.  A  mitre  and  pastoral  staff,  beneath 
them  AUT  DiscE.  Still  lower  a  sword,  a  pen  and  an  inkhorn  \ 
beneath  them  aut  discede.  Lower  still  Warden  Baker's 
vinten  quadripartitum  and  manet  sors  tertia,  caedi,  completing 
the  verse.  Christopher  Jonson  (adm.  1549)  quotes  this  verse 
from  the  wall  of  the  old  schoolroom,  where  it  was  painted 
in  his  day.  The  meaning  of  the  emblems  is  easy  to  see.  The 
mitre  and  pastoral  staff  denote  the  highest  reward  of  diligence ; 
to  others  the  law  and  the  army  are  open ;  mere  dunces  a 
flogging  awaits. 

The  first  stone  of '  School '  was  laid  in  September,  1683.     It 

coeval  with  the  school,  are  subjoined  in  their  present  form  as  revised  by  Warden 

Huntingford : — 

'  In  Templo, — Deus  colitor.    Preces  cum  pio  animi  effectu  peraguntor.    Oculi  ne 

vagantor.     Silentium  esto.    Nihil  profanum  legitor. 
In  ScholA. — DiHgentia  quisque  utitor.  Submisse  loquitor  secum,  clare  ad  pre- 

ceptorem.    Nemini  molestus  esto.    Orthographice  scribito. — Arma  scholas- 

tica  in  promptu  semper  habeto. 
In   Aula. — Qui   mensas   consecrat,    clare   pronunciato.     Caeteri  respondento. 

Recti  interim  omnes  stanto.    Recitationes  intelligenter  et  apte  distinguuntor. 

Ad  mensas  sedentibus  omnia  decora  sunto. 
In  Atrio. — Ne  quis  fenestras  saxis  pilisve  petito.   Aedificium  neve  inscribendo 

neve  insculpendo  deformato.     Neve  operto  capite,  neve  sine  socio,  coram 

magistris  incedito. 
In  Cubiculo. — Munda  omnia  sunto.    Vespere  studetor.  Noctu  quies  esto.    The 

words  before  Huntingford's  time  were  : — Noctu  dormitor.     Interdiu  stude- 
tor.   Solum  cubiculorum  verritor.    Stemuntor  lectuli.     Munda  omnia  sunto. 

Per  fenestras  nemo  in  atrium  prospicito.    Contra  qui  faxit  piaculum  esto. 
In  Oppido,  ad  Montem. — Sociati  omnes  incedunto.     Modestiam  prae  se  ferato. 

Magistris  ac  obviis  honestioribus  capita  aperiuntor.  Vultus,  gestus,  inces- 

sus  componuntor.      Intra  terminos  ad  Montem  praescriptos  quisque  se  con- 

tineto. 
In  OMNI  lOco  et  tempore. — Qui  plebeius  est  praefectis  obtemperato.     Is  ordo 

vitio  careto,  caeteris  specimen  esto  ;  uterque  a  pravis  omnibus  verbis  factis- 

que  abstineto.     Haec  et  his  similia  qui  contra  faxit  si  quando  referantur 

judicium  damus.' 

Feriis  exactis  nemo  domi  impune  moratur.   Extra  Collegium  absque  venia 

exeuntes  tertia  vice  expellimus  *. 
'  In  a  coloured  sketch  of  the  original  painting,  preserved  in  a  MS.  copy  of 
Christopher  Jonson's  poem,  which  Dr.  Philip  Barton  bequeathed  to  the  College 
in  1765,  a  reed  pen  case  and  inkhorn  of  a  different  shape  are  represented  as 
hanging  by  strings  from  something,  apparently  a  girdle. 


*  This  last  clause  was  added  by  Huntingford. 


366  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

was  finished  June  11,  1687  \  The  subscriptions  ran  short,  and 
Warden  Nicholas  made  up  the  deficiency.  The  following  list 
of  subscribers  is  taken  from  the  fly-leaves  at  the  end  of  Heete's 
copy  of  the  Statutes. 

The  New  School  at  Winchester  College. 

The  Foundation  was  laid  Sept.  1683,  finish*  June  the  nth,  1687. 

The  Benefactors'  names. 

L   s.   d. 

George  Morley,  Bp.  of  Winchester,  gave  ;^io  and 

forty  oaks,  measuring  thirty  loads  .        .        .        .  80    o    o 
Francis  Turner,  Bp.  of  Ely,  formerly  Fellow  of  New 

College 2000 

Thomas  Kenn  {sic),  Bp.  of  Bath  and  Wells,  formerly 

Fellow  of  this  College 30    o    o 

William  Pierpoint,  Earl  of  Kingston,  formerly  Com- 
moner          loo    o    o 

Charles  Pawlett,  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  eldest  son  to  the 

Marquis  of  Winchester,  formerly  Commoner        .  50    o    o 
Wriothesley  Baptist  Noel,  Visct.  Campden,  only  son 

to  the  Earl  of  Gainsborough,  formerly  Commoner  30    o    o 

Sir  John  Nicholas,  Knt.  of  the  Bath       .        .        .        .  346 

Henry  Beeston,  LLD.,  Warden  of  New  College  .        .  50    o    o 

Richd.  Traffics,  Fell.  N.  C,  and  Charles  his  brother     .  50    o    o 

Edwin  Sandys,  Fell.  N.  C 500 

Thomas  Lee,  Fell.  N.  C. 346 

Rob.  Sewster,  Fell.  N.  C 230 

Tho.  Munday,  Fell.  N.  C.        .        ...        .        .        .  230 

Wm.  Hughes,  Fell.  N.  C. 230 

Thos.  Roberts,  Fell.  N.  C 220 

Dav.  Wickham,  Fell.  N.  C 230 

Ch.  Ford,  Fell.  N.  C 230 

Geo,  Thomas,  Fell.  N.  C. 460 

John  Ballard,  Fell.  N.  C 2  10    o 

Wm.  Musgrave,  Fell.  N.  C 230 

Saml.  Palmer,  Fell.  N.  C 346 

Rob.  Woodard,  Chancellor  of  Sarum     .        .        .        .  20    o    o 

Edwd.  Spencer,  Steward  of  N.  C 500 

Sir  Edwd.  Law,  Knt.,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C.    .        .        .  20    o    o 
Edward  Masters,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C,  Chancellor  of 

Exeter 10  15    o 

*■  Upper  School  at  Eton  was  built  by  Provost  Allestree  (1605-81)  and  rebuilt 
1689-94  by  means  of  a  fund  raised  under  Provost  Cradock.  It  cost  yC^Soo 
(Maxwell  Lyte,  Eton  College,  ch.  xiv). 


Warden  Nicholas. 


367 


Rob.  Sharrock,  formerly  Fell.  N.C.,Preb.  of  Winchester 
Dr.  Bourchier,  LLD.,  Regius  Prof,  of  Oxon,  formerly 

child  of  this  College 

Wm.  Oldys,  LLD.,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C. 

Nics.  Stanley,  M.D.,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C. 

Stephen  Penton,  Principal  of   Hart  Hall,  formerly 

Fellow  N.C 

Thos.  Harris,  Esq.,  of  Colerne,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C.    . 

John  Hersent,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C 

Ric.  Clyde,  formerly  Fell.  N.  C 

Tho.  Penruddocke,  formerly  child  of  this  College 
Tho.  Oxenbridge,  Esq.,  formerly  child  of  this  College 
John  Bloodworth,  formerly  Commoner  of  this  College 
John  Franklyn,  Master  in  Chancery,  formerly  child  of 

this  College 

Geo.  Reynell,  S.T.P.,  formerly  child  of  this  College 
Ric.  Porch,  formerly  child  of  this  College     . 
Ambrose  Philips,  Esq.,  Serjt.  at  Law,  formerly  Fell 

N.  C 

Henry  Wallop  .        Commensales 

John  Wallop    .        .  „  .        . 

Thomas  Brown        .  „  .        . 

James  Batter   .        .  „  .        . 

Rob.  Hyde       .        .  „  .        . 

Brian  Turner    .        .  „  .        . 

Ric.  Harris       .        .  „  .        . 

Wm.  Beach      .        .  „  .        . 

Ric.  Browne     .        .  „  .        . 

Rog.  Jones,  Steward  of  the  College,  formerly  a  child 

Allen  Garway 

Hen.  Parker 

Matt.  Hutton 

Charles  Cutts 

Godson  Penton,  of  Winchester  City 

Maria  Brideoake,  widow  of  the  Bishop  of  Chichester 

Eliz.  Mompesson,  the  Warden's  sister  . 

Susan  Daniel,  the  Warden's  sister 

Jane  Harris,  the  schoolmaster's  mother 

Eleanora  Rowlinson 

Ric.  Osgood     .        .        .        Fell.  W.  C. 

Wm.  Emmes   . 

Seth  Ward 

Pharamus  Fiennes  . 

Peregrine  Thistlethwaite 


£ 

s. 

d. 

ID 

0 

0 

5 

7 

6 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

5 

7 

6 

10 

0 

0 

ID 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

5 

7 

6 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

10 

15 

0 

2 

3 

0 

I 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

10 

15 

0 

5 

7 

6 

10 

0 

0 

5 

7 

6 

10 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

I 

I 

6 

lOO 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

5 

7 

6 

20 

0 

0 

5 

7 

6 

5 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

3^8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Edw.  Young,  Dean  of  Sarum,  Fell.  W.  C. 
Thos.  Cheyney         •        .  „ 

Geo.  Beaumont        .        .  „ 

Tho.  Peachman        .        .  „ 

Rob.  Eyre         ...  „ 

Wm.  Harris,  schoolmaster 
John  Nicholas,  Collegii  Beatae  Mariae  Winton.  custos, 
quibus  instituta  sua  perfecit 

Dedit        ....  1477  II    9* 


£ 

S. 

d. 

10 

0 

0 

ID 

0 

0 

ID 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

00 

0 

0 

Summa  totius  operis,  Cui  det  Deus 

Aeternitatem,  Amen        ....        £^S99  18    9 

Bishop  Morleys  warrant  for  the  forty  oaks  is  quoted  below, 
for  the  sake  of  the  reasons  which  he  gives  for  granting  them  ^ 

*  Ball  Court '  in  the  rear  of  School  was  made  in  1688.  Some- 
thing of  the  same  kind  existed  before.  References  to  an  '  area 
pilaris'  somewhere  behind  the  old  buildings  occur  at  a  very 
early  date. 

Custus  armorum  in  1679  : — 

'  Seven  muskets,  £^  12s. :  a  carbine,  12s. :  five  brace  of  pistols,  two 
pairs  of  holsters,  and  bags,  £2  17s. :  five  sets  of  bandoleers,  125.  6d. : 

*  This  should  be  ^1477  7s.  30^.  if  the  total  is  correct. 

'  'Whereas  the  Reverend  the  Warden  of  Winchester  College  and  the  Fellows 
for  the  better  accommodation  of  the  children  of  the  said  College  and  others  that 
are  permitted  to  come  to  school  thither  and  to  rescue  them  from  the  many 
and  great  inconveniences  which  the  closeness  and  straitness  of  their  present 
school  in  proportion  to  their  number  must  necessarily  subject  them  to  have 
agreed  and  do  design  to  build  a  new  one,  which  shall  be  not  only  more 
capacious  and  in  all  particulars  more  convenient,  but  built  in  a  more  open  and 
airy  place  :  And  to  that  end  have  made  application  for  me  to  grant  them  some 
timber  out  of  Stoke  Park  towards  it,  and  thereby  become  a  benefactor  to  it,  with 
which  motion  of  their's  I  thought  fit  to  comply,  being  as  an  inducement  there- 
unto informed  by  them  that  their  predecessors  were  in  the  late  ill  times  very 
industrious  and  successfully  instrumental  in  preserving  the  timber  in  the  s"* 
park,  which  probably  would  otherwise,  as  much  of  the  timber  belonging  to  my 
bishoprick  then  was,  have  been  also  cut  down  and  destroyed.  These  are  there- 
fore to  command  and  require  you  to  assign  and  mark  out  to  the  said  Warden 
and  Fellows,  or  to  such  person  or  persons  as  they  shall  think  fit  to  authorise 
and  appoint  on  this  behalf,  in  such  places  of  Stoke  Park  where  the  trees  are 
thickest,  and  may  consequently  be  best  and  most  conveniently  spared,  thirty 
loads  of  good  timber.  And  for  so  doing  this  shall  be  your  warrant.  Given 
under  my  hand  and  seal  the  first  day  of  March,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  six 
hundred  and  eighty-two. 

'  George  Winton. 

'  To  Mr.  John  Ridley  my  general  Woodward,  these.* 


Warden  Nicholas.  369 

fixing '  and  cleaning  the  muskets,  gs.  ^d. :  twelve  lbs.  powder, 
los.  6ci. :  twenty-seven  lbs.  bullets,  and  a  crupper  and  breastplate,  3s. : 
new  stocks  and  locks  to  two  calivers,  ^i.' 

Distributio  pauperibus  in  1679-88  : — 

'  Militibus  ad  portam  Coll.  mendicantibus,  is. :  duabus  mulierculis 
ad  redimend.  maritum  et  filium  captivos,  5s. :  pauperi  Lincolniensi 
inundato,  6d. :  Salgado,  presbytero  Hispano  converse  (a  convert 
from  Popery),  105. :  ad  redimendum  Robinson  (one  of  the  servants), 
a  carcere,  9s.  ^d. :  subscription  to  aid  the  Protestant  churches  of 
Bohemia,  ^5  :  French  Protestant  exiles,  ;^5 :  rebuilding  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral  (in  four  years),  £,$0"^:  a  poor  Wykehamist  (name  not 
mentioned),  £1  is.  6d. :  a  Jew  (converted  ?),  £1 :  one  whose  surname 
was  Digby,  is. :  sufferers  from  the  king's  evil,  is.  6d. :  M.  Dupaizy,  a 
French  Protestant  minister,  ;^io'',  others,  ;^5 :  a  soldier  who  had 
been  in  College,  ids.  :  Crake,  a  Wykehamist  (qy.  Francis  Crake, 
adm.  1648),  £2 :  divers  Irish  tramps  (itinerantibus),  2s.  6d. :  to  the 
fund  for  the  relief  of  indigent  scholars  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford, 
£40*:       - 

Custus  culinae  in  1680 : — '  Pro  retibus  ad  cramben  (cabbage 
nets),  6f/.'  The  first  reference  to  cabbages  occurs  twelve  years 
previously.  Cauliflowers  are  mentioned  for  the  first  time  in 
1674,  when  100  plants  were  bought  for  3s. 

Custus  gardini  same  year  : — '  Pro  unirota  (a  wheelbarrow)  in 
usum  hortolani,  iij^  vj^ :  pro  xxiij  perticis  et  dim.  viviradicum 
(twenty-three  and  a  half  rods  of  quickset)  for  the  hedge  divid- 
ing the  Fellows'  garden  from  the  paddock,  £1  3s.  6d.' 

Charles  II  was  a  good  deal  at  Winchester.  He  was  there 
in  1661,  for  there  is  an  entry  of  7s.  6d.  for  ringing  the  College 
bells  when  he  came.  He  was  there  again  in  1665,  in  order 
to  avoid  the  plague  in  London  ;  and  in  1682  he  determined 
to    make  Winchester    his    principal    country    residence,  and 

'  Making  fit  for  use,  in  the  American  sense  of  the  word. 

'  Charles  II  promised  (^5°°  i"  four  years  and  undertook  the  entire  charge  of 
restoring  the  west  end. 

'  Dupaizy  was  one  of  a  number  of  French  Protestant  refugees  who  settled 
in  Winchester  after  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nantes  in  1685.  The  College 
made  him  an  allowance  of  (^5  a  year  until  his  death  in  1699,  and  continued  it  to 
his  widow  till  her  death  in  1702.     He  had  two  sonsin  Commoners  in  1690-4. 

*  Victims  of  James  II,  who  ejected  the  President  and  twenty-five  Fellows 
arbitrarily  enough.  He  restored  tliem,  however,  when  he  heard  that  the  Prince 
of  Orange  was  coming. 

Bb 


370  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

began  the  '  King's  House '  (now  the  barracks),  which  he  did  not 
live  to  finish.  There  is  no  certainty  that  he  ever  visited  the 
College,  or  took  any  interest  in  it,  except  in  the  vacancies  for 
scholars.  These  he  had  an  eye  to  as  we  have  already  seen 
{ante,  p,  73).  And  when  the  stewardship  was  vacant  by  the 
death  of  John  Harris  (a  son  of  Warden  Harris,  who  suc- 
ceeded Roger  Jones,  the  steward  who  went  to  Charles  I  at 
Oxford  to  solicit  his  protection  for  the  College),  the  King 
claimed  the  appointment  for  a  nominee  of  his  own  in  the 
following  letter  to  Warden  Nicholas : — 

'  Charles  R. 
'  Trusty  and  well  beloved,  wee  greet  you  well.  Having  received 
good  information  of  the  sufferings  and  loyalty  of  Edward  Appleford, 
Esq.,  and  of  his  abilities  in  the  Law,  wee  have  thought  fit  by  these 
presents  to  recommend  him  unto  you  to  bee  chosen  into  the  steward's 
place  of  the  College  of  Winchester,  which  wee  are  given  to  under- 
stand is  now  void  by  the  death  of  John  Harris,  Esq.,  not  doubting  but 
he  will  discharge  the  same  wi***  care  and  fidelity.  And  so  wee 
bid  you  farewell.  Given  at  our  Court  at  Whitehall,  the  19***  day 
of  August  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  our  reign.' 

'By  His  Matie's  command, 

Will.  Morice.' 

Upon  receiving  this  letter  Dr.  Nicholas  gave  the  vacant 
stewardship  to  Richard  Harris,  a  son  of  the  late  steward,  and 
then  communicated  the  contents  of  the  King's  letter  to  the  rest 
of  the  Society.  The  King  wrote  again,  somewhat  peremptorily, 
and  on  the  Society  respectfully  declining  compliance,  (indeed 
they  had  no  alternative,  the  office  being  full),  wrote  a  third 
letter  (May  7,  1682),  in  which  he  says  that  finding  that  Richard 
Harris  was  in  possession  and  duly  qualified  for  the  post,  he 
(the  King)  would  leave  it  to  their  discretion  to  confirm  it  to 
him,  'with  assurance  that  what  you  shall  doe  in  order  to  it 
shall  not  lessen  that  good  opinion  wee  have  of  your  readiness 
to  comply  with  Our  reasonable  demands  upon  all  occasions'; 
thus  yielding  the  point  gracefully.  The  independence  of 
Dr.  Nicholas  on  this  occasion  deserves  to  be  remembered. 

But  for  the  following  entry  in  the  accounts,  '  Allocat.  lanioni 
pro  sevo  ob  puerorum  absentiam  tempore  exanthematum  vji. 
xiij*.  iiij'*./  we  should  have  no  means  of  knowing  that  the  school 
broke  up  in  1684,  owing  to  an  outbreak  of  small-pox.  A  pay- 
ment in  the  same  year  of  12s.  to  widow  Austin  '  pro  purgandis 


Warden  Nicholas.  371 

puerorum  cameris '  may  contain  a  similar  allusion.  The  first 
reference  to  the  small-pox  occurs  a  few  years  earlier  in  the 
shape  of  a  charge  for  boarding  out  three  commoners  '  morbo 
contagioso  laborantibus.'  Numerous  marginal  references  in 
the  Register  of  Scholars,  such  as  *  variolis  obiit,'  'obiit  exanthe- 
matum  lue,'  from  this  period  until  the  introduction  of 
inoculation,  show  how  this  disorder  affected  the  death  rate. 
Number  127  of  the  World,  issued  in  1755,  says  ironically: — 

'The  world  is  certainly  much  over  peopled.  .  .  .  This  in- 
convenience has  in  a  great  measure  been  hitherto  removed  in  a 
natural  way ;  one  at  least  in  seven  dying,  to  the  great  ease  and  con- 
venience of  the  survivors  ;  whereas  since  inoculation  has  prevailed,  all 
hopes  of  thinning  our  people  that  way  are  entirely  at  an  end,  not 
one  in  three  hundred  being  taken  off,  to  the  great  incumbrance  of  . 
Society.' 

No  reference,  however,  to  inoculation  occurs  in  the  accounts, 
till  the  year  1774,  when  it  appears  that  a  fee  of  a  guinea  was 
paid  for  inoculating  a  chorister  named  Marsh. 

In  the  year  1689  twelve  horse-chesnuts  and  twelve  Dutch 
elms  were  bought  for  £3  and  planted  in  Meads.  Two  years 
later,  sixty  limes,  twenty-five  firs  (kind  not  stated),  and  four 
cypresses,  were  bought  for  £5  6s.  with  the  like  object.  All 
these  trees  have  had  their  day.  The  limes  and  planes  which 
now  adorn  Meads  and  the  Warden's  garden  were  planted  by 
Warden  Lee  about  the  year  1780. 

Under  custus  gardini  et  pratorum  in  the  Bursars'  book  of  the 
preceding  year  I  find  items  of  £1  i8s.  for  dressing  the 
meadow  with  potash  (ly  pot  ashes),  and  of  5s.  for  dressing  the 
Warden's  paddock  with  malt  dust  (pulvis  brasii) :  also  items  of 
£1  for  mowing  the  meadows;  185.  for  carting  the  hay,  2s.  for 
treading  it ;  and  3s.  \d.  for  cheese  eaten  tempore  foenificii. 

Samuel  Sewall,  a  native  of  New  England,  who  visited  the 
old  country  at  this  period,  notes  in  his  diary  for  Feb.  25, 
1688-9,  '  View'd  Winchester  College.  The  chapel.  Library 
built  in  the  midst  of  the  Green  within  the  Cloisters.  Left  my 
Indian  Bible  and  Mr.  Mather's  letter  there  \* 

'  1  am  indebted  for  this  piece  of  information  to  Mr.  Beedham,  of  Newtown, 
North  Wales.  The  bible  was  a  copy  of  John  Eliot's  Indian  Bible,  of  the  edition 
(the  and)  of  1685.  It  has  disappeared  from  the  library  since  Alchin  catalogued  it 
in  1840.  'Mr.  Mather'  must  be  Increase  Mather,  the  President  of  Harvard 
College. 

B  b  2 


372  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

William  Somervile,  of  Wootton  in  Warwickshire,  author  of 
The  Chace  and  other  poems,  was  elected  into  College  in  1690. 

An  early  instance  of  a  '  leave  out  letter '  may  be  inserted  here. 
The  writer  was  the  third  Earl  of  Castlehaven.  *  My  cousin 
Billson '  was  Thomas  Bilson,  of  Petersfield,  who  was  on  the 
foundation  at  Winchester  from  1691  to  1696.  It  was  apparently 
addressed  to  Warden  Nicholas  : — 

'  Sir — 
'  If  you  would  please  to  grant  to  my  cousin  Billson  leave  to  be 
wi^ii  me  this  day,  I  will  not  only  be  answerable  for  him,  but  take  itt 
as  a  most  particular  obligation  done  to  me. 

Sir,  y""  very  humble  servant, 
'  Sept.  ye  21.'  Castlehaven. 

John  Philips,  of  Bampton,  Oxon,  who  heads  the  roll  of  1691, 
was  a  son  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Salop.  According  to  Johnson 
{Lives  of  the  Poets) — 

'he  seldom  mingled  in  play  with  the  other  boys,  but  retired  to 
his  chamber,  where  his  sovereign  pleasure  was  to  sit,  hour  after  hour, 
while  his  hair  was  combed  by  somebody  whose  service  he  found 
means  to  procure.' 

In  1694,  while  a  freshman  at  Christ  Church,  not  more  than 
fifteen  years  of  age,  he  published  The  Splendid  Shilling,  which, 
in  Dr.  Johnson's  opinion,  has  the  uncommon  merit  of  an 
original  poem.  He  afterwards  wrote  Cider  in  imitation  of  the 
Georgics,  and  was  at  work  on  a  poem  called  The  Last  Day 
when  he  died,  February  15,  1708-9. 

Edward  Young,  the  author  of  Night  Thoughts  (adm.  1694), 
no  doubt  owed  his  nomination  to  the  circumstance  of  his 
father  (adm.  1657),  who  was  Dean  of  Salisbury,  and  Chaplain  to 
William  and  Mary,  being  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  College. 

Edward  Cobden  (adm.  1697)  owed  his  nomination  to  William 
III.  He  was  rector  of  Acton  in  Middlesex,  Canon  of  Lincoln 
and  St.  Paul's,  Archdeacon  of  London,  and  Chaplain  to  George 
II.  Having  in  1748  preached  a  sermon  at  St.  James's  which 
gave  offence  in  a  high  quarter,  he  was  removed  from  the  list  of 
chaplains.  He  bequeathed  a  legacy  for  the  benefit  of  the 
choristers,  and  a  sum  of  £400  to  found  an  exhibition  from 
Winchester  to  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  with  a  preference  to  a 
native  of  Surrey.     The  proceeds  of  this  fund  are  now  applicable, 


Warden  Nicholas.  373 

under  a  statute  made  by  the  Governing  Body,  towards  an 
exhibition  to  be  given  to  a  boy  quitting  the  school  for  Oxford 
or  Cambridge. 

Dr.  Cheyney,  whose  portrait  by  an  artist  of  the  school  of  Sir 
Peter  Leiy  hangs  in  the  College  Hall,  succeeded  Dr.  Harris  as 
schoolmaster  in  1700,  and  held  the  post  till  the  time  came  for 
Dr.  Burton  to  succeed  him.  Cheyney  was  admitted  in  1665, 
and  had  been  a  Fellow  of  the  College  since  1681.  He  was  also 
Treasurer  of  Wells  Cathedral,  in  the  close  of  which  his  son 
Thomas  (adm.  1708),  also  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  College,  and 
successively  Dean  of  Lincoln  and  Winchester,  was  born  in 
1695. 

The  following  story  is  told  in  the  Gentleman' s  Magazine  of 
John  Needs,  a  scholar  of  the  year  1700,  on  the  authority  of  a 
bishop,  namely  George  Lavington,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  who  was 
with  him  in  College,  and  only  two  years  his  senior.  Needs 
seems  to  have  had  a  habit  of  talking  about  events  to  come,  and 
was  nicknamed  Prophet  Needs  in  consequence.  One  day  he 
foretold  the  deaths  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  (Peter  Mews), 
Mr.  Carman,  the  senior  chaplain  at  the  College,  and  himself. 
Mr.  Carman  died  at  the  predicted  time ;  but  he  was  a  very  old 
man,  and  his  death  surprised  nobody.  The  Bishop  also  died 
about  the  predicted  time,  and  that  in  a  singular  manner ;  for 
being  subject  to  fainting  fits,  and  falling  into  one  in  his  study 
while  a  friend  was  by,  the  friend  caught  up  a  bottle  of  hartshorn 
which  was  kept  for  such  emergencies,  and  in  his  flurry  poured 
the  contents  down  the  Bishop's  throat,  which  caused  his  death. 
As  to  the  day  and  hour  of  his  own  death  Needs  was  exactly 
right ;  for  he  died  at  the  predicted  moment,  although  his 
friends,  in  order  to  deceive  him  (as  thinking  his  illness  the 
effect  of  imagination),  had  put  the  house  clock  forward  an  hour. 

It  was  the  practice  at  this  period  to  ring  the  College  bells  on 
the  news  of  any  event  of  importance.  The  tower  was  still 
sound  enough  to  admit  of  this  being  done.  And  as  every  pay- 
ment to  the  bellringers  was  put  down  in  the  College  accounts, 
we  get  a  series  of  events  in  chronological  order  which  the 
Society  thought  it  necessary  to  celebrate,  e.  g. : — 

*  Bells  on  October  14, 1686,  the  Coronation  day  of  James  II,  2s.6d. : 
in  honorem  Principis  nuper  nati  (1688),  the  infant  known  in  after  life 
as  the  Pretender,  25.  6d.  :  on  the  coronation  of  William  and  Mary 


374  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

(1690),  25.  6d. :  on  the  King's  return  from  Ireland  (after  the  siege 
of  Limerick  in  1690),  25.  6d. :  for  the  victory  over  the  French  (off 
Cape  la  Hogue  in  1692),  25.  6d.  :  on  the  King's  coming  to  Winchester  ' 
(1693),  25.  6d.  :  tolling  for  Queen  Mary's  funeral  (1695),  15.  :  bells  on 
the  news  of  the  Act  of  Settlement  (1701),  25.  6d. :  in  expeditionem 
Ormondisianam  (the  capture  of  Spanish  galleons  in  Vigo  Bay  in 
1703),  25.  6d. :  for  the  victory  over  the  Elector  at  Blenheim  (1704), 
2S.  6d. :  for  Oudenarde  (1708),  25.  6d. :  ob  victoriam  imaginariam 
(1709),  25.  6d. :  reduction  of  Mons  (Sept.  6,  1709),  25.  6d. :  victory  of 
Blaregnies  or  Malplaquet  (Sept.  ii,  1709),  25.  6d.' 

Charles  Jenkinson  (adm.  1707),  of  Charlbury,  was  third  son 
of  Sir  Robert  Jenkinson,  the  second  Baronet.  He  left  school 
for  Christ  Church  in  1760,  and  after  graduating  there  entered 
the  army,  and  fought  as  Major  of  the  Blues  at  Fontenoy.  He 
married  Amantha,  daughter  of  Captain  Wolfram  Cornewall, 
R.N.,  of  Winchester  (grandfather  of  Speaker  Cornewall),  and 
had  by  her  Charles,  afterwards  first  Earl  of  Liverpool,  Prime 
Minister  1812-27. 

In  1 710  four  Indian  chiefs,  Hennick  Te  je  nen  ho  ga  zow, 
Brant  Sa  ge  ja  qua  zaugh  ton,  John  One  jeh  ta  no  zong,  and 
Nicholas  Eta  wa  com,  visited  the  College,  and  were  no  doubt 
shown  the  Indian  Bible  mentioned  above.  They  gave  a  piece 
of  gold  on  leaving,  which  was  spent  in  buying  a  copy  of 
Basnage's  History  of  the  fews  '^. 

The  relations  between  Dr.  Nicholas  and  the  Fellows  became 
strained  towards  the  close  of  his  life.  In  1708  he  was  guilty  of 
the  blunder  of  filling  up  a  fellowship  at  twenty-four  hours' 
notice,  with  only  two  of  the  nine  Fellows  present.  The  re- 
maining seven  remonstrated ;  but  the  Bishop  of  Winchester 
expressed  a  wish  that  the  election  should  be  suffered  to 
stand,  and  they  acquiesced.  The  Warden,  however,  had 
to  give  a  written  undertaking  to  Bishop  Trelawney  that 
fourteen  days'  notice  of  election  should  always  be  given  in 
future.  His  perquisites,  too,  were  excessive ;  and  from  De- 
cember, 1709,  to  the  election  of  1711,  the  Society  was  all  in  a 
foam,  in  consequence  of  efforts  on  the  part  of  the  Sub- Warden 
and  Bursars  to  cut  them  down  and  reduce  the  expenditure  in 

*  It  does  not  appear  that  he  visited  the  College. 

'  Who  discusses  Bk.  vii.  ch.  33)  the  question  whether  the  Lost  Tribes  people 
a  certain  portion  of  America. 


Warden  Nicholas.  375 

other  quarters.  It  must  be  confessed  that  there  was  a  great  deal 
of  waste  and  extravagance  at  this  period,  especially  in  the  article 
of  beer,  while  the  scholars  were  neglected.  The  following 
'  Table  of  the  beer  brewed  yearly  in  Winchester  College,  with 
the  cost  thereof,  and  how  the  same  is  spent,'  is  taken  from  the 
Liber  Actorutn  for  1709 : — 

*  There  are  brewed  yearly  in  Winchester  College  about  820  hhds. ' 
of  small  beer,  the  value  whereof  at  the  rate  of  125.  3^/.  each  hhd. 
doth  amount  contmunibus  annis  to  about  ;^500. 

'  The  820  hhds.  brewed  yearly  are  consumed  after  the  following 
manner : — 


HOGSHEADS. 


By  Mr.  Warden 70 

By  the  Schoolmaster  and  Fellows  who  may  be  reckoned 
constantly  resident  (the  absent  Fellows  having  no 
beer  allowed),  and  the  usher,  what  they  call  for, 
which  in  the  largest  demand  cannot  be  reckoned  at 
more  than  9  hhds.  yearly  each,  which  is  in  all  about         63 

By   the    chaplains,    each   70  quarts  weekly,  which  is 

yearly  about  15  hhds.,  and  is  in  all      .        .        .        .  45 

By  the  70  children  and  16  choristers  at  the  rate  of  3  pints 
per  diem  each  (which  is  more  than  they  are  ob- 
served to  drink),  2  hhds.  6  gals,  yearly,  and  is  in  all .        180 

By  the  15  servants,  each  21  quarts  weekly,  which  is 

4^  hhds.  yearly  each,  and  in  all 68 

By  the  poor  and  prisoners  who  are  allowed  5  gallons 

every  day,  about  half  a  hhd.  weekly,  and  yearly       .  26 

By  strangers,  tenants,  carters,  workmen,  and  others,  an 
uncertain  quantity,  but  what  cannot  be  thought  to 
exceed  yearly 20 

Total        ....        472 

'Wherefore  the  remainder  of  the  820  hhds.  brewed  yearly,  viz.  348 
hhds.  are  consumed  in  away  not  to  be  accounted  for. 

*  To  remedy  which  abuse  it  is  proposed  to  allow  each  person  the 
following  proportion  of  beer,  the  value  of  all  which,  or  of  any  part  if 
not  spent,  he  may  receive  of  the  Bursars  in  money  after  the  rate  of 
ad.  per  gallon,  or  los.  the  hhd. 

*  The  proportions  of  beer  to  be  allowed,  with  the  weekly  and  yearly 
amount  of  them  : — 

'  To  Mr.  Warden  for  himself,  1  hhd.  weekly,  which  doth 
amount  yearly  to  52  hhds.,  and  for  his  three  statut- 

'  Of  sixty  gallons  each. 


37^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


HOGSHEADS. 


able  servants,  6  gals,  each  weekly,  which  doth 
amount  yearly 67 

To  the  schoolmaster,  10  Fellows,  and  3  chaplains  and 
usher,  15  gals,  weekly  to  each,  which  doth  amount 
to  13  hhds.  yearly 195 

To  the  children  and  choristers  what  they  shall  call  for 
within  a  fitting  quantity,  and  may  be  computed  at 
about 180 

To  the  15  College  servants  6  gals,  to  each  weekly, 
which  is  yearly  5  hhds.  and  12  gals,  to  each,  and  is 
in  all 78 

To  the  Almoner  and  3  scullions,  each  14  qts.  weekly, 
which  is  3  hhds.  and  16  gals,  yearly  to  each,  and  is 
in  all 13 

To  the  poor  and  prisoners  as  formerly     ....         26 

To  strangers,  tenants,  workmen,  &c.         ....         ao 

Total    ....        579 

Wherefore  besides  the  particular  advantage  arising  to  the  Fellows  and 
other  persons,  there  will  be  yearly  saved  to  the  House  240  hhds.  of 
beer,  which  at  125.  ^.  per  hhd.  doth  amount  to  ;^  147  yearly.' 

This  scheme  was  adopted  after  a  little  opposition  on  the 
part  of  Dr.  Nicholas,  who  was  perhaps  too  old  to  approve 
of  changes  \  The  Sub- Warden  (Archdeacon  Brideoake)  and 
Bursars  having  thus  reduced  the  consumption  of  beer,  at- 
tacked the  Warden's  allowances  for  diet,  which  they  resolved 
should  for  the  future  be  after  the  proportion  of  four  Fellows, 
and  no  more^  Nicholas  appealed  to  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester (Trelawney).  He  cited  Brideoake  to  appear  at  Chelsea 
upon    the   2nd  of  July,    171 1.      The   archdeacon    appeared, 

*  The  following  agreement  with  the  College  brewer  made  in  1752  may  be  in- 
serted here : — 

'  The  College  to  find  malt,  bops,  vessels,  cooperage  and  repairs. 

The  brewer  to  find  fuel  and  labour  and  have  all  yeast,  grains,  grounds  of 
beer,  and  30s.  in  money  for  every  brewlock  of  20  hhds. 

Price  of  coal  rising  above  io\d.  per  bushel  to  be  considered  in  the  wages. 

If  the  wheel  supplying  water  be  out  of  order,  the  College  to  pay  for  carry- 
ing water  to  the  brewhouse. 

If  the  College  mill  should  cease  to  work,  a  malt  mill  to  be  set  up  in  the 
brewhouse,  or  8rf.  per  quarter  to  be  allowed  for  grinding  the  malt.' 

*  Case  of  the  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars,  Appendix  XV. 


Warden  Nicholas.  377 

and  submitted  to  the  Bishop  as  ordinary,  but  protested  against 
him  as  Visitor.  The  Bishop  was  of  opinion  that  he  possessed 
the  requisite  visitatorial  power.  Brideoake  appealed  to  the 
Court  of  Arches,  but  could  not  get  his  appeal  received  for 
want  of  evidence  that  any  appeals  had  been  brought  by  the 
College  against  the  Bishop,  owing  to  the  records  of  the  Court 
of  Arches  before  the  year  1666  having  been  consumed  in  the 
fire  of  London.  The  Lord  Keeper  would  give  him  no  relief, 
and  he  could  not  move  for  a  prohibition  in  a  court  of  law  to 
stay  the  Bishop's  proceedings,  owing  to  the  time  being  the 
long  vacation  ;  so  that  upon  the  25th  of  August,  171 1,  the  arch- 
deacon was  suspended,  and  two  days  later  expelled  from  his 
Fellowship,  which  was  given  to  Dr.  Fletcher,  the  usher.  In 
Michaelmas  Term  the  archdeacon  brought  an  action  in  the 
Queen's  Bench  against  Dr.  Fletcher  for  the  profits  of  his  Fel- 
lowship, in  which  the  question  to  be  decided  was,  whether  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester  possessed  any  local  and  final  visitatorial 
power  over  the  Society  such  as  would  justify  him  in  expelling  a 
member  for  the  offence  of  denying  his  jurisdiction.  Owing 
perhaps  to  the  death  of  Warden  Nicholas,  an  event  which 
happened  in  February,  171 1-2,  a  compromise  was  arrived  at, 
Dr.  Fletcher  surrendering  the  Fellowship,  and  the  College 
paying  some  costs  which  had  been  incurred  in  the  Arches 
Court  and  in  Chancery,  where  Sir  Nathan  Lloyd,  Dr.  Penfold, 
Serjeant  Hooper,  and  Serjeant  Pratt,  afterwards  Chief  Justice, 
were  the  Counsel  engaged  ^  The  question  is  no  longer  of  any 
importance,  inasmuch  as  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  is  appointed 
Visitor  of  Winchester  College  by  the  statutes  now  in  force. 
Wykeham,  however,  did  not  appoint  the  Bishop  of  Winchester 
to  visit  the  College  at  Winchester,  because  he  had  conferred 
ample  visitatorial  powers  upon  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of 
New  College.  But  that  he  expected  the  Bishop  of  Winchester 
to  exercise  the  ordinary  visitatorial  power  which  the  diocesan 
has  over  all  spiritual  persons  within  his  diocese  seems  clear 
from  Rubric  III,  which  enjoins  that  any  disorder  which  the 
electors  may  discover  within  the  College  shall  be  reported  to 
the  diocesan  forthwith.     See,  too,  Rubrics  VI  and  XXII  as  to 

*  Their  fees  amounted  to  (,^6   iis.  6d.     The   Proctors'  bill  in   the  Arches 
Court  was  £6-}  55. 


378  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

presenting  a  new  Warden  to  the  Bishop,  and  the  power  of  the 
latter  to  remove  offending  members  of  the  Society.  On  the 
other  hand,  at  New  College,  Wykeham  not  only  appointed  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester  sole  and  final  Visitor,  but  also  obtained 
a  bull,  exempting  it  from  the  jurisdiction  of  legates,  arch- 
bishops, &c.  But  for  this  bull,  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  in  whose 
diocese  Oxford  then  was,  might  have  visited  New  College  as 
diocesan.  In  opposition  to  Bishop  Trelawne^s  claim  to  be 
final  visitor  of  Winchester  College,  the  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars 
produced  evidence  of  ten  episcopal  visitations  held  in  Win- 
chester College  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  as  ordinary  ^,  and 
of  seven  archiepiscopal  visitations  ^  three  whereof  (namely,  by 
Cranmer  in  1535,  Bancroft  in  1607,  and  Laud  in  1635)  were 
held  when  the  See  of  Winchester  was  full,  which  would  not 
have  been  possible  if  the  Bishops  of  Winchester  had  been  sole 
Visitors  of  Winchester  College.  Upon  the  whole,  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  Bishop  Trelawney  attempted  to  exercise  a  power 
which  he  did  not  possess.  A  similar  attempt  on  the  part  of 
Bishop  Home  in  1568  seems  'to  have  failed,  but  the  facts  are 
not  recorded.  The  following  entry  in  the  accounts  of  that  year 
contains  the  only  allusion  to  it : — 

*  Item  in  expensis  in  quadam  causa  controversiae  pendente  a 
xxix«"o  die  mensis  Aprilis  usque  ad  xxvii™'^'"  diem  mensis  Mali,  1568, 
inter  Coll.  et  dm  Epum  Wynton.  extendentem  jurisdictionem  suam 
Episcopalem  ultra  limites  statutorum  et  immunitates  antiquitus 
donatas  CoUegio,  ut  patet  per  billas  particulares,  inde  xiji  iij'  iij"*.' 

The  agitation  had  one  good  result.  It  secured  a  permanent 
improvement  of  the  Scholars' Commons,  which  is  explained  in  the 
following  paper  which  the  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars  issued  : — 


1433  Beaufort. 
1449  Wayneflete. 

1479 

1487  Courtenay. 

1497  Langton. 

1405  Arundel. 

1500  Prior   and    Chapter    of 

Canterbury. 
1528  Warham. 


1517  Fox. 
1526    „ 
1531  Gardiner. 
1561  Home. 

1570       » 
1 53 1  Warham. 
1535  Cranmer. 
1607  Bancroft. 
1635  Laud. 


Warden  Nicholas.  379 

AN    ACCOUNT 

Of  such  Alterations  as  have  been  lately  made  in  the  Commons 
of  the  Scholars  of  Winchester  College. 

The  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars  of  Winchester  College  having,  out  of 
their  tender  Care  for  the  Scholars  there,  with  the  free  Consent  of  the 
Fellows,  lately  amended  and  enlarged  the  Commons  of  the  Scholars  ; 
and  there  having  been  some  Arts  used  to  make  it  believed,  that  the 
Scholars  receive  no  Benefit  by  those  Amendments  and  Additions  : 
It  is  therefore  thought  proper,  in  Vindication  of  the  Honour  of  that 
Society,  to  give  this  Account  of  them. 

(for  table,  see  next  page.) 

It  is  manifest  from  this  Table,  that  the  Commons  of  the  Scholars  are 
not  only  better  ordered,  but  enlarg'd  to  the  value  of  2.%d.  to  each 
Scholar,  the  Cost  whereof  to  the  College  for  86  Scholars  and 
Choristers  doth  amount  Weekly  to  about  205.  besides  the  additional 
Charge  of  Fuel. 

It  is  moreover  manifest,  that  the  Commons  of  the  Scholars  are 
much  better  than  those  allowed  to  the  Fellows  at  New  College,  under 
the  Degree  of  Masters,  where  therd  are  no  Breakfasts,  and  the  Com- 
mons less  in  value  by  i\d.  each  Week. 

There  is  a  farther  Amendment  and  Enlargement  of  the  Scholars' 
Commons,  by  making  the  same  Provision  for  them  upon  Vigils, 
Rogation  Days,  Ember  Days,  and  the  Eves  of  Gaudies  (when  they 
were  used  to  have  nothing  allowed  for  Supper)  as  at  other  times. 
The  Cost  of  which  Amendment,  tho'  in  some  measure  born  by  what 
is  sav'd  from  the  Commons  upon  Gaudies  (which  are  now  made  equal 
only  to  those  on  Sundays)  doth  however  amount  to  a  Considerable 
Sum. 

There  is  also  a  farther  Improvement  made  of  the  Scholars 
Commons,  by  allowing  them  the  same  sort  of  Diet  in  Lent  as  at  other 
times  ;  by  which  Alteration,  tho'  there  is  little  or  no  Charge  added  to 
the  College,  the  Cost  of  the  Lent  Diet  (with  those  Additions  which  were 
lately  made  to  it  by  Dr.  Harris,  who  gave  200/.  for  that  Use)  being 
nearly  equal  to  the  present  Cost  in  Flesh  ;  yet  there  is  great  Benefit 
arising  to  the  Scholars  thereby  :  For,  a  certain  Officer  among  them, 
nominated  by  the  Warden,  is  known  to  have  made  a  very  undue 
Advantage  to  himself  of  10/.  or  15/.  yearly,  by  Buying  of  the 
Scholars  such  sorts  ofLent  Diet  as  they  did  not  like,  at  an  Under-rate, 
by  which  abuse  the  Scholars'  Commons  were  found  to  be  much  worse 
in  Lent  than  at  other  times. 

The  Bread  allowed  the  Scholars  is  the  same  as  formerly,  vis.  the 
Quantity  of  near  half  a  Pound  of  good  Wheaten  Bread  at  every  Meal. 


38o 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


u 

es 

c  m 

^     (U 


•0  5 


s 

I 


CO  a 
o  o 


o  o 


ns 


cnoi 


3     . 


P3S 


no^ 


o  o 


CQS 


CQCti 


MS 


CQPi 


a 


«3  ii 
&=! 

O    5» 
-  .^ 

V  G 
CO  ^ 

C    to 

£  S 
E  "o 

u 


OS 


o  o 


■Sv 


e 

I 

to 


«  2 

B    C 


■S3  3 
V  o  o 


4)  "< 
«^ 
^   e 

o  5 

•t:  o 
•vo  -, 

V-   I-  -'^ 
O   O^ 

eS    O    H 
E^    O 

gCQS 
4J   o   o 

mmm 


o  o 


4)  -S 

c  o  o 

c   <n   ^ 

V     r-  a 

—  2  =* 


M     CI 

o  o 


<u  ■:: 

CQ   g     • 

5  ,9  P 


X  <u  ti        -f-  «  t! 


"2    5    3 

ems 

V  o  o 


353 

Ems 

woo 


CQ     g 

C     "!     U 


■3 

•  a. 


S  -a 


n 


S-.  ti  J-    « 


000 


*:  4) 

O  J2 


3   ilO 

a.s 

.^   tn-a 

J=    1)    4) 


en 


J3 


I-.        C/) 


&       :S 


u  %-  S  C 


5  2 
^  c 

J3    O 


g^P      * 

■O'S  J3 
C8    ^    C 

^  o  e 


I2 


•^cqI 


oa  "Kc^ 


5|| 

m22 


^2^      ^^^-S 


gi       iiSi 


>S    O    O 

5s:z: 


>^■s  be  c  2 


)>    O 
Kg 


£52 


"00 

~  ij  .O 
'^■^•§ 

^    CO 


^  2 

^    3-S 


o  <»i  *^ 

U    4)   -3 

cms 

4)  T3  -O 

mh:'- 


|iif 

5S22: 


2  fe  §.y 


"^f^-m  0 

rt        S   5 

^  .5  S  3~ 
i  3^  3 

m^£'- 

.  -  rt     -  O 
bO^  -O  ^ 

3  cs      , 

3    S"  Ji  ^ 


-^m  u 


.^  TJ  2 

3-2-3 
2o:s 


2    J= 


bc^  ^ 
i    O   0.5P 

■2S22 


Warden  Nicholas. 


381 


The  Beer  allowed  the  Scholars  is  such  a  certain  quantity  to  each 
Table,  at  every  Meal ;  which  is  after  the  rate  of  something  more  than 
a  Pint  to  each  Scholar  at  Dinner,  and  at  Supper,  and  something  less 
than  a  Pint  to  him  at  Breakfast,  besides  Beavor-Beer  after  Dinners 
and  Suppers  in  Summer-time.  The  College  found  it  necessary,  in 
order  to  hinder  the  great  waste  which  the  Scholars  made  of  Beer  (even 
to  the  value  of  some  Hogsheads  Weekly,  above  what  was  needful  for 
them)  to  order  them  a  fixt  quantity.  And  the  House  did  kindly  intend 
to  have  it  divided  equally  among  the  Scholars,  by  giving  each  of  them 
a  separate  quantity  in  a  Copper  Pot  *  by  itself,  which  was  provided  for 
that  Purpose ;  but  the  Scholars  shewing  an  unbecoming  dislike  of 
this  Provision,  they  have  a  certain  quantity  set  down  at  every  Meal, 
which  they  are  to  share  among  themselves,  as  they  can  agree. 

These  Alterations,  so  much  for  the  real  Benefit  and  Comfort  of  the 
Scholars,  and  for  the  Ease  of  their  Relations,  had  been  some  time 
since  made,  and  would  not  be  now  so  industriously  Misrepresented  as 
they  are,  if  the  Warden  had  not,  for  some  private  Reasons,  constantly 
opposed  these,  as  well  as  all  other  Alterations,  and  did  not  now 
endeavour,  for  the  same  Reasons,  to  make  them  be  thought  of  less 
Advantage  to  the  Scholars  than  they  really  are. 


These    commons    were    further    improved    in    1765. 
*  course  of  beef  after  that  year  was : — 

Monday  ....        40  lbs.  boiled. 

Tuesday . 


The 


Wednesday 
Thursday 
Friday     . 
Saturday 
Sunday   . 


None. 


30  lbs.  roast. 


When  Wednesday  was  a  fast  or  vigil,  and  on  Wednesdays  in 
Ember  Weeks,  the  beef  was  stopped,  and  the  following  pudding, 


lod. 


,  was  substituted  : — 

Flour       .... 

I  peck. 

Bread      .... 

8  loaves. 

Raisins  .... 

2  lbs.  ) 
albs.  ) 

Currants         .        .        .        . 

Eggs  (15) 

2a. 

Spice       .... 

i  oz. 

Milk        .... 

6  quarts. 

Suet        .... 

.        6  lbs. 

'  Seventy  '  pocula  de  cupro  fabricata  in  usum  puerorum '  cost  ^Z  155. 


382  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Of  mutton,  twenty-four  messes,  equal  to  seventy-two  commons 
or  dispers'  were  provided  daily.  The  average  weight  of  a 
sheep  at  that  period  was  fifty  pounds — it  had  increased  to  that 
from  forty  pounds  a  century  earlier — and  it  was  supposed  to  cut 
up  into  fifty  dispers,  thus : — 

8  dispers. 


Each  leg 

8 

„     loin 

4 

„     shoulder 

6 

„     breast    . 

4 

„    neck 

3 

At  this  rate,  about  a  sheep  and  a  half  daily  was  the  scholars* 
allowance ;  but  this  was  exceeded  in  practice,  for  it  appears 
that  as  many  as  630  sheep  yearly — nearly  two  daily  if  we  allow 
for  holidays — were  served  to  the  scholars  yearly.  The  bread 
was  reckoned  by  loaves  of  ten  ounces.  A  '  cast '  of  two  loaves 
weighed  twenty  ounces,  and  fifty-five  cast  went  to  the  bushel. 
The  weekly  allowance  in  1765  was  as  follows  : — 

LOAVES. 

Seventy  children 735  ^ 

Sixteen  choristers 148 

Children's  second  bread 60 

Prefect  of  Hall 7 

„      of  tub 7 

Bible  Clerk 7 

Prefect  of  school 3 

Brewer .        .        .  6 

Kitchen ;        .  35 

Almoner 14 

Schoolmaster  and  usher 58 

1080 


Returning  to  the  year  171 1,  I  find  the  following  account 
of  fees  in  College  and  Commoners  in  a  MS.  of  Warden 
Nicholas : — 


'  Either  from  dispertio,  '  I  divide,'  or  dispar,  *  unequal.' 

*  Nearly  a  pound  daily.    Rather  more,  if  absentees  and  '  second  bread,'  &c.  be 
taken  into  account. 


Warden  Nicholas.  383 

■*  Fees  from  a  child  at  his  first  entrance : — 

5.    d. 

Ye  Prepostor  of  Hall 26 

Ye  Prepostor  of  School 26 

Chamberstock  ^ 26 

Ye  two  Cooks 20 

Ye  two  Butlers  (bread  and  beer)  .        .        .20 

Ye  Porter 10 

Ye  Barber 16 

Ye  Superannuates 26 


16    6 


Quarterly. 

Ye  bedmaker         . 10 

Ye  almoner 10 

School  and  foricus 02 

2    2 


After  Christmas : — 

Cause  money  ^ 06 

Church  money ' 02 

After  Whitsuntide : — 

Rod  money 10 

Nutting  money  * 09 

Window  money 06 

N.B. — New  children  pay  double  fees. 

Fees  from  a  new  Praepostor  : — 

Ye  two  butlers 36 


*  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  College  found  no  furniture  except  bedsteads. 

*  For  mending  the  causeway  from  Blackbridge  towards  Hills.  Dr.  Burton 
spent  (^60  in  making  the  one  from  College  Street  to  Non  licet  gate  in  1730. 

'  To  the  Cathedral  Clerks  for  keeping  the  boys'  places  for  them  when  they 
attended  service  there. 

*  Perhaps  for  a  picnic  in  nutting  time.  '  It  appears,'  says  Hone  {Every  Day 
Book,  p.  1293),  '  from  a  curious  manuscript  relating  to  Eton  School,  that  in  the 
month  of  September  on  a  certain  day,  most  probably  the  fourteenth,  the  scholars 
there  used  to  have  a  play-day  in  order  to  go  out  and  gather  nuts,  a  portion  ofwhich 
when  they  returned  they  were  to  make  presents  of  to  the  different  masters ; 
but  before  leave  was  granted  for  this  excursion,  they  were  required  to  write 
verses  on  the  fruitfulness  of  autumn  and  the  deadly  cold  of  the  coming 
winter.' 


384  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Fees  from  a  new  Officer  : — 

s.   d. 

Ye  Warden's  man 26 

Ye  manciple 26 

Ye  two  cooks »  5    o 

Ye  two  butlers 50 

Ye  three  scullions 30 

Ye  almoner 10 

Ye  table  chorister  ^ 10 

Fees  from  a  Commoner  at  his  first  entrance : — 

Ye  Praepostor  of  Hall 26 

Ye  Praepostor  of  School 26 

Chamberstock 10 

6    o 

Quarterly. 

Quarterage 16 

School  and  foricus 02 

I    8 

Upon  changing  chambers 10 

After  Michaelmas : — 

Fire  money 10 

Chamberstock 10 

Candle  money 10 

3    o 

After  Christmas : — 

Cause  money ..10 

Fire  money 10 

Church  money 02 

Candle  money 10 

3_2 
After  Whitsuntide  : —  ~"~ 

Rod  money 10 

Nutting  money 16 

Window  money 06 


3    o 


New  commoners  and  noblemen  pay  double  fees.' 

*  The  chorister  who  waited  on  the  new  officer. 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 

Wardens  Brathwaite  (1711-1720):    Cobb  (1720-1724): 

DoBsoN  (1724-1729) :   Bigg  (1729-1740) : 

Coxed  (1740-1757). 

Free  school  charity. — Bishop  Fletcher. — Christopher  Pitt. — Joseph  Spence. — 
Richard  Lydiat. — Warden  and  Fellows  presented  for  disaffection. — Com- 
plaint by  Secretary  Craggs. — The  Warden's  answer. — Attendance  at 
Cathedral. — Dr.  John  Taylor. — His  benefactions. — Cathedral  choristers. — 
Charles  Dibdin. — Bishop  Lowth. — William  Sclater. — Dr.  Burton. — Fox 
and  Burton  Exhibitions. — Superannuates'  Fund. — Eyre  the  Usher. — Peter 
Leigh. — William  Whitehead. — Sir  Richard  Aston. — Doctor  Addington. — 
Charles  Blackstone. — James  Hampton. — The  poet  Collins. — Fire  in  Third 
Chamber. — Insurance  in  Sun  Office. — Hanover  Rats. — Chandler  the  anti- 
quary.— Bishop  Bathurst. — Warden  Gauntlett. 

Dr.  Thomas  Brathwaite,  the  Warden  of  New  College,  suc- 
ceeded Nicholas.  His  merits  are  recorded  on  a  tablet  in 
Cloisters  which  his  sister,  Warden  Dobson's  mother,  erected  to 
his  memory  after  his  death  in  1720. 

Under  distributio  pauperibus  in  the  accounts  of  1712,  I  find  a 
gift  of  £5  '  scholae  eleemosynariae.'  This  is  the  first  of  a  long 
series  of  similar  gifts  to  the  Free  School  Charity,  a  trust 
for  clothing  and  educating  poor  boys  and  girls  of  Winchester. 
The  fund  originally  raised  for  this  purpose,  chiefly  in  the 
College,  was  invested  in  South  Sea  bonds,  which  were  placed 
in  the  Treasury  for  the  sake  of  safety.  And  so  it  came  to  pass 
that  when  South  Sea  bonds  were  converted  into  consols,  the 
stock  was  registered  in  the  name  of  the  College.  The  fund  now 
exceeds  £4000  consols,  the  interest  on  which,  under  a  recent 
scheme  of  the  Charity  Commissioners,  was  applied  in  paying  the 
school  fees  for  a  number  of  poor  children  of  both  sexes  at  the 
Central  schools  until  school  fees  were  abolished  by  the  Act  of 
1891,  and  in  providing  the  most  deserving  with  clothes,  boots,  &c. 

c  c 


3^6  Aimals  of  IVinchester  College. 

Thomas  Fletcher  (adm,  1713),  a  native  of  Winchester,  rose  to 
be  Bishop  of'Dromore  (1744)  and  Kildare  (1748);  Christopher 
Pitt  (adm.  1713),  of  Blandford,  was  the  translator  of  ihcAeneid, 
and  ranks  among  the  minor  poets  of  the  last  century.  Joseph 
Spence  (adm.  1715)  was  Professor  of  Modern  History  in  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  is  known  to  fame  as  the  friend  of 
Pope  and  Thomson.  Richard  Lydiat  (adm.  17 16)  was  vicar 
of  SwalclifFe  and  rector  of  Berwick  St.  John,  and  died,  as 
Monk  Lewis  did  according  to  the  authors  of  the  '  Rejected 
Addresses,   of  James's  powder  taken  in  a  fit  of  the  gout. 

After  the  rebellion  of  1715,  the  generosi  de  patrid  of  Hamp- 
shire seem  to  have  got  a  notion  into  their  heads  that  the 
Society  were  Jacobites  ;  and  at  the  assizes  on  March  6, 
1716-7,  the  grand  jury  actually  presented  the  College  for 
disaffection,  I  suppose  with  the  object  of  evincing  their  own 
loyalty : — 

'  It  being  notorious  that  the  late  Unnatural!  Rebellion  and  p'sent 
threatened  [Invasion  are  the  Effects  of  P'judice  and  bad  Educacon, 
and  that  not  so  much  as  the  least  Shaddow  of  grievance  or  ground 
of  Complaint  was  ever  alledged  against  our  most  Gracious  Sovereign 
or  his  Administracon  by  the  first  Contrivers  and  Promoters  of  either. 

'  We  therefore,  considering  that  it  is  the  duty  as  well  as  Interest 
of  all  such  who  p'fer  the  mild  Government  of  his  Majesty  before 
Arbitrary  power  and  Slavery  to  check  as  much  as  in  them  lyes  those 
Principles  in  the  bud  which  are  found  by  experience  to  grow  up 
into  such  open  Violence,  and  which  cunning  and  designing  Men 
do  industriously  propagate  among  our  Youth  to  the  great  Corruption 
of  their  Manners,  and  the  manifest  disturbance  of  the  public  peace  : 
and  being  credibly  informed  that  the  Scollars  of  that  noble  Founda- 
tion commonly  called  Winchester  Colledge  are  now  taught  to  emulate 
each  other  in  factious  and  party  Principles  by  being  told  they  are 
to  be  distinguished  and  preferred  according  to  their  severall  degrees 
of  Zeall,  and  they  do  frequently  treat  most  as  are  known  to  be 
well  affected  to  the  King's  Government  with  opprobrious  language 
and  illusage  (particularly  several  Justices  of  the  Peace),  with  impunity 
from  their  Masters  and  Governours. 

'  From  whence  it  is  naturall  to  inferr  that  their  said  Masters 
and  Governours  are  also  inclined  to  Faction  and  disaffection :  —We 
therefore  do  p'sent  the  Warden,  Fellows,  Master,  Usher  and  Children 
of  the  said  College  for  their  known  disaffection  and  corruption  of 
Manners,  tending  to  the  disturbance  of  the  public  peace,  and  against 
the  honour  and  dignity  of  the  Crown. 


Wardett  Brathwaite.  387 


(Sir)  John  St.  Barbe 
(Sir)  D.  Bulkley 
(Sir)  Chas.  Norton 

Hen.  Grey 
(Sir)  Thomas  Davies 

Christopher  Wither 

Roger  Clutterbuck 

W.  Cornwall 


Chidiock  Kent 
Button  Gifford 
J.  Bromfield 
Edward  Hooker 
Will.  Moss 
Tho,  Smith 
Gil.  Wavell 
Edw.  Rookes.' 


Nothing  came  of  this  presentment.  The  Society  had  suffi- 
ciently established  their  character  for  loyalty  in  1711  by  sub- 
scribing £500  towards  a  loan  of  £1,500,000  to  enable  the 
Ministers  to  carry  on  the  war.  The  sympathies  of  the  school, 
however,  were  with  the  Chevalier ;  and  Secretary  Craggs 
appears  to  have  attached  so  much  importance  to  an  idle  tale 
of  something  that  happened  at  the  Cathedral  one  Sunday,  as  to 
write  the  following  letter  to  Warden  Brathwaite : — 

'  Whitehall,  12th  August,  1718. 
'Sir, 
'  Having  received  an  account  from  persons  of  undoubted  credit, 
that  on  the  last  anniversary  day  of  His  Majesty's  accession  to  the 
Crown  ^,  many  of  the  youths  at  Winchester  School,  and  particu- 
larly those  upon  the  Foundation,  came  into  the  Church  in  the  middle 
of  Divine  Service  in  a  very  extraordinary  and  indecent  manner  with 
Rue  and  Time  {sic)  in  their  Breasts,  and  some  with  mourning  hat- 
bands on  their  hats,  by  which  it  appears  that  these  poor  children, 
instead  of  being  taught  their  Book,  and  instructed  in  the  principles  of 
the  Church  of  England,  have  learnt  somewhere  to  concern  them- 
selves in  disloyal  party  divisions  and  distinctions.  I  give  you  this 
notice  of  it,  that  you  may  direct  them  to  be  whipt,  and  take  care  that 
no  Enormity  of  this  kind  may  be  committed  there  for  the  future.  I 
make  no  doubt  of  your  diligence  in  this,  as  being  a  matter  that  nearly 
concerns  the  Honour  of  your  College,  and  in  which  you  will  have  an 
opportunity  of  shewing  your  zeal  for  His  Majesty's  Government. ' 

In  his  reply  the  Warden  says  : — 

'  I  beg  leave  to  relate  the  story  as  far  as  I  can  learn  it.  On  the 
first  of  August  we  had  the  full  form  of  prayer  in  our  chapel ;  and 
when  we  have,  the  boys  do  not  go  to  the  Cathedral  till  towards 
sermon  time :  which  they  did  then,  but  in  no  extraordinary  or 
indecent  manner.  There  were  seven  or  eight  of  them,  little  boys, 
had  rue  and  time  {sic)  in  their  hats,  for  which  they  were  punished 
by  the  master,  according  to  the  method  in  the  school  ^    None  of  the 

'  August  I.  '  The  *vimen  quadripartitum '  doubtless. 

C  C  2 


388  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

upper  boys,  or  praepositors,  as  we  call  them,  had  any.  I  cannot 
find  that  above  three  or  four  had  mourning  hatbands,  and  that 
occasioned  by  the  late  death  of  relations;  and  besides  them,  I 
beheve  that  there  is  not  a  mourning  hatband  in  the  College.  I  am 
very  well  informed  they  that  were  whipt  knew  it  not  to  be  a  party 
badge.' 

It  is  clear  from  the  Warden's  letter  that  at  the  time  at  which 
he  wrote  the  school  was  in  the  habit  of  attending  morning 
service  at  the  Cathedral  on  Sundays,  coming  in,  however,  for 
the  sermon  only  on  days  when  they  had  had  the  '  full  form 
of  prayer,'  i.  e.  Morning  Prayer,  Litany,  and  Communion,  in 
their  own  chapel.  At  what  period  in  its  history  the  school  began 
to  attend  divine  worship  in  the  Cathedral,  which  owes  so  much 
of  its  stability  and  grandeur  to  William  of  Wykeham,  is  uncer- 
tain. It  is  not  at  all  likely  that  the  habit  began  before  the 
Reformation ;  it  is  far  more  probable  that  it  commenced  after- 
wards, perhaps  in  consequence  of  the  Fourth  Injunction  of 
Edward  VI,  touching  the  hearing  of  sermons.  There  is 
nothing  in  the  Statutes  requiring  the  Fellows  to  preach  sermons, 
and  the  Fellows  may  have  thought  it  more  convenient  to  send 
the  school  to  hear  sermons  in  the  Cathedral  than  to  preach 
sermons  in  chapel  themselves.  In  Jonson's  time  there  was 
occasionally  a  sermon  on  Sundays  in  the  College  chapel, 
and  the  scholars  were  expected  to  take  notes  of  it : — 

*  Si  lux  Solis  adest,  et  Templum  concio  sacrat, 
Scribe  notas,  scriptasque  tuo  committe  libello.' 

The  Fellows  had  a  pew  of  their  own,  with  a  lock  and  key  to 
the  door  of  it,  in  the  Cathedral  at  one  time.  *  Pro  sera  ad 
subsellium  sociorum  in  eccl.  Cath.  Wynton.  iij^  iiij<i '  occurs  in 
the  accounts  of  1607.  The  scholars,  we  may  be  sure,  had  sittings 
there  too  at  that  period.  The  afternoon  attendance  at  the 
Cathedral  was  abolished  by  Warden  Barter,  who  introduced 
a  sermon,  frequently  preached  by  himself,  before  Evensong  in 
Chapel.  In  the  last  quarter  of  1890  the  Sunday  morning 
attendance  at  the  Cathedral  was  abolished,  and  a  special 
afternoon  service  there  on  the  second  Sunday  in  the  month  was 
established  by  permission  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter. 

The  Rev.  John  Taylor  (adm.  1717)  was  a  Fellow  of  Win- 
chester College.     There  is  a  portrait  of  him,  and  another  of  his 


Warden  Cobb.  389 

widow,  in  the  College  Hall.  His  enlarging  Sickhouse  has 
been  referred  to '.  He  made  his  will  in  1753,  which,  with 
twenty-three  codicils,  was  proved  in  1777.  Sir  William  Black- 
stone  drew  it  from  the  testator's  own  instructions  without  the 
intervention  of  a  solicitor.  Writing  to  him  from  All  Souls', 
October  27,  1752,  for  the  necessary  particulars,  Sir  William 
says : — 

*  If  you  favour  me  with  an  answer  by  return  of  post  I  will  contrive 
to  have  all  matters  ready  by  Dr.  Shipman's  return  to  Winchester ; 
but  must  beg  to  be  excused  from  complying  with  your  request  in 
one  particular,  as  we  of  the  long  robe  have  a  kind  of  professional 
delicacy  that  prevents  us  from  setting  a  price  upon  our  labours.' 

Dr.  Taylor's  benefactions  were  numerous,  and  his  will  was 
not  litigated.  He  endowed  the  parish  school  at  his  native 
place,  Petworth  in  Sussex,  and  bequeathed  £400  to  the  Super- 
annuates' Fund.  The  residue  of  his  property  he  left  to  the 
College  for  the  improvement  of  the  scholars'  commons.  The 
Society  accepted  the  trust,  and  spent  the  income  in  various 
ways  for  the  benefit  of  the  scholars,  enlarging  their  diet,  paying 
their  bedmakers,  providing  faggots  extraordinary  in  chambers, 
and  coals  for  warming  'School,'  which  hitherto  had  been  fireless. 

The  'superannuates'  books,'  for  scholars  on  leaving,  are 
bought  out  of  the  income  of  Dr.  Taylor's  residue.  A  monu- 
ment was  erected  in  Cloisters  to  Dr.  Taylor  in  the  year  1836. 

Dr.  John  Cobb,  Brathwaite's  successor,  was  a  younger  son 
of  Sir  Thomas  Cobb,  the  first  baronet,  and  brother  of  Sir 
Edward  Cobb  (adm.  1687)  of  Adderbury. 

Under  custus  capellae  in  1720  I  find  a  fee  of  3s.  to  cathedral' 
choristers.  This  is  the  first  reference  to  a  practice  which  began 
then  and  continued  until  a  period  which  many  remember,  of  re- 
inforcing the  College  choir  in  this  way  on  Commemoration  Day 
and  other  occasions.  From  the  year  1778  to  1840  a  fixed 
yearly  payment  of  £8  85.  was  made  for  these  services.  There 
is  a  tradition  that  Dibdin  sang  as  a  boy  in  the  College  choir. 
He  never  was  a  chorister  on  the  foundation  ;  but  he  tells  us  in 
his  autobiography  that  he  was  a  choir  boy  at  the  Cathedral  ; 
and  as  he  possessed  a  fine  voice,  he  may  very  well  have  formed 
one  of  the  contingent  to  the  College. 

•  Ante,  p.  326. 


39°  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Robert  Lowth  (adm.  1722)  was  son  of  William  Lowth,  a  divine 
and  Prebendary  of  Winchester  Cathedral.  After  graduating  at 
New  College,  he  became,  in  1740,  Professor  of  Poetry  in  the 
University  of  Oxford.  In  1753  he  published  a  Life  of  Wykeham, 
which  was  evidently  a  labour  of  love.  A  small  bust  of  Wyke- 
ham which  he  gave  to  the  College  is  preserved  in  the  Bursary. 
In  1766  he  was  raised  to  the  See  of  St.  David's,  and  a  few 
months  later  was  translated  to  Norwich.  In  1767  he  became 
Bishop  of  London,  and  filled  that  see  till  his  death  in  1777. 

William  Sclater  (adm.  1722),  of  Leigh  ton  in  Essex,  became 
Vicar  of  St.  Mary-le-Bow,  and  met  his  death  in  a  remarkable 
manner,  being  killed  on  the  spot,  on  February  11,  1775,  by  the 
fall  of  a  sack  of  carraway  seeds,  which  was  being  hoisted  up  to 
a  warehouse  in  Thames  Street  as  he  was  passing  underneath. 

Under  custus  aulae  in  1723  I  find  an  entry  of  3s.  ^d.  paid 
'pro  ly  decanter' — the  first  allusion  to  the  article  which  Dr. 
Johnson  defines  as  '  a  glass  vessel  made  for  pouring  off  liquor 
clear  from  the  lees.' 

Dr.  Dobson  succeeded  Warden  Cobb  about  the  same  time 
that  Dr.  Burton  succeeded  Cheyney  the  schoolmaster,  who  died 
in  harness  on  October  4,  1724,  aged  72.  Dr.  Burton  was  a  son 
of  Humphrey  Burton,  a  country  gentleman  settled  at  Keresley 
in  Warwickshire,  and  entered  College  in  1705  as  Founder's  kin 
through  his  mother,  who  was  a  Bohun.  He  reigned  forty-two 
years,  and  retired  in  1766,  when  he  was  in  his  seventy-sixth 
year.  He  has  been  spoken  of  already  as  the  founder  of  '  Old 
Commoners  V  and  must  be  referred  to  here  as  the  founder, 
jointly  with  his  kinsman,  Bohun  Fox,  of  the  Fox  and  Burton 
exhibitions,  tenable  each  for  four  years  after  leaving  the  school, 
and  of  the  yearly  value  of  £30. 

The  Superannuates'  Fund  was  instituted  in  the  year  1729  by 
Warden  Dobson  and  Christopher  Eyre,  the  usher,  with  an 
object  which  is  disclosed  by  the  first  few  sentences  of  the  sub- 
joined circular  and  subscription  list.  By  the  statutes  of  the 
Governing  Body  of  Winchester  School  this  fund  and  the 
Bedminster  Fund,  which  was  established  in  the  year  1742,  have 
been  consolidated  into  one  Exhibition  Fund,  which  is  to  be 
applied  (i)  to  the  creation  of  exhibitions  to  be  given  to  boys 
quitting  the  school,  under  such  conditions  as  the  Governing 

*  Ante,  p.  132. 


Warden  Dobson.  391 

Body  may  from  time  to  time  determine.  These  exhibitions  are 
at  present  four  in  number,  of  the  yearly  value  of  £50  each,  and 
tenable  for  four  years.  These  exhibitions  are  limited  to  pur- 
poses of  preparation  for  a  profession,  but  it  is  not  to  be  a 
necessary  condition  that  the  holder  shall  proceed  to  an 
University. 

(2)  To  the  grant  of  such  exhibitions,  not  exceeding  two  to 
be  holden  together  at  one  time,  and  of  such  value  not  exceeding 
£70  per  annum,  as  the  Governing  Body  may  from  time  to  time 
determine,  to  boys  who  may  be  recommended  for  admission 
into  the  school  as  exhibitioners  by  the  delegates  or  syndics 
appointed  for  local  examinations  by  the  Universities  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  respectively,  subject  to  certain  conditions  as  to 
age,  coming  into  residence,  and  so  forth. 

The  following  is  the  circular  and  subscription  list  already 
referred  to,  with  the  addition  of  names  of  subscribers  of  a  later 
date : — 

'Whereas  the  benefit  of  succession  to  New  College  (ample  as  it  is) 
cannot  in  its  own  nature  be  sufficient  to  provide  for  all  the  scholars 
who  have  been  educated  in  the  College  of  Winchester,  and  have 
spent  the  whole  time  prescribed  by  the  statutes  for  their  continuance 
therein ;  and  as  it  may  be  reasonably  hoped  that  a  greater  number 
of  deserving  boys  will  be  always  found  in  Winchester  College  than 
can  be  received  into  New  College  :  therefore,  as  well  for  the  farther 
encouragement  of  the  studies  and  good  behaviour  of  the  children, 
as  for  the  better  support  and  maintenance  in  the  University  of  such 
in  particular  who  shall  be  thought  most  to  need  and  best  to  deserve 
assistance ;  we,  whose  names  are  underwritten  do  subscribe  and 
promise  to  contribute  yearly  the  sums  §et  against  our  respective 
names : — 

£    s.  d. 

John  Dobson,  Warden 10    o    o 

John  Burton,  Informator 10    o    o 

Samuel  Palmer,  Fellow 2  10    o 

John  Harris  „ 2  10    o 

William  Thomas  , 2  10    o 

Charles  Scott  „ 2  10    o 

Thomas  Cheyney  „ 2  10    o 

John  Backshell  „ 2  10    o 

Philip  Barton  „ 2  10    o 

William  Langbaine  „ 2  10    o 

William  Bowles  „ 2  10    o 

Thomas  Palmer  ,, 2  10    o 


392 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Christopher  Eyre    . 

George  Cooper,  M.D.  (sch.  1709) 

Dr.  Adams  (sch.  1690)     . 

Two  gentlemen  unknown 

W.  Pescod,  Steward  (sch.  1703) 

Dr.  W.  Bradshaw,  Bp.  of  Bristol  (sch.  1689),  a  donation 

Francis  Hay^wood,  do. 

Samuel  Palmer  (sch.  1708),  do, 

1730     Christopher  Eyre,  do. 

Thomas  Beach  ^  Esq.  do.    . 

Thomas  Greenby,  Esq.  do.  . 

Thomas  Coker  (sch.  1720).  do. 

Henshaw  Halsey  (sch.  1692),  do 

Richard  Lydiat,  C.  F.  (sch.  1716),  do. 

Edward  Trotman,  do. 

Henry  Bigg,  Warden,  do. 

Henry  Coker,  C.  F.  (sch.  1726),  ( 

Richard  Goddard  (sch.  1741),  do 

Charles  Scott,  2nd  don. 

W.  Bouchier 

W.  Langbaine,  2nd  don. 

John  Cary  (sch.  1712)  . 

Dr.  John  Taylor   . 

Joseph  Spence  (sch.  1715) 

Dr.  John  Taylor,  2nd  don. 

W.  Browne,  Rector  of  Hinton  Ampner 

Cadwallader  Coker  (sch.  1772) 

Harry  Lee,  Warden    . 

George  Cooper,  M.D,  (sch.  1709) 

Philip  Baxter        .... 


1731- 


1734- 
1735- 
1737- 
1740. 
1749. 

1759- 
1762. 
1763. 

>» 
1764. 

1769. 
1772. 
1776. 
1781. 
1789. 


£ 

s. 

d. 

5 

0 

0 

3 

3 

0 

2 

10 

0 

3 

3 

0 

2 

ID 

0 

52 

10 

0 

52 

ID 

0 

52 

10 

0 

100 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

21 

0 

0 

200 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

200 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

300 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  Society  after  Dr.  Burton's  appoint- 
ment was  to  pass  a  resolution  : — 

'That  either  Dr.  Burton  or  Mr.  Eyre  shall  constantly  reside  in 
the  College,  dividing  the  time  equally  between  them,  so  long  as 
Mr.  Eyre  continues  usher  ;  and  upon  choice  of  a  new  usher  the 
residence  shall  be  apportioned  between  them  in  such  manner  as  the 
Warden  and  Society  shall  appoint.  And  that  they  frequently  attend 
the  children  at  meals.' 

Eyre  had  been  usher  a  great  many  years,  when  he  retired, 
Dec,  18,  1739,  under  the  following  circumstances.  One  of  the 
class  of  talebearers  deprecated  in  Wykeham's  statutes  told  him 

*  Qy,  father  of  James  Beach,  a  commoner,  who  has  a  tablet  in  Cloisters. 


Warden  Dobson.  393 

that  Dr.  Burton  had  said  '  that  the  scholars  at  the  usher's  end 
of  the  School  do  not  make  due  progress  in  their  learning.' 
This  tale  moved  Ejtc  to  address  a  written  gravamen  to 
the  Warden  and  Fellows.  Dr.  Burton,  it  seems,  had  put  on 
an  assistant-master  (a  Mr.  Ashley),  which  act  of  Dr.  Burton,  as 
well  as  his  unlucky  criticism  on  Eyre's  class,  led  to  what 
followed.  It  had  been  mutually  agreed  (Eyre  says)  that  on 
Thursday,  October  4,  the  usher  should  ride  out  and  return  to 
dinner,  and  that  the  schoolmaster  should  stay  indoors,  give  a 
'  remedy '  and  look  after  the  boys.  Eyre  had  his  ride,  and  on 
returning  to  dinner  found  (he  says)  that  no  remedy  had  been 
given,  and  that  a  Mr.  Ashley  had  been  introduced  to  a  '  sect ' 
newly  erected  in  the  school,  without  the  usher's  consent  or 
knowledge.  On  the  Saturday  following,  Eyre  adds,  'two  more 
commoners,  Saul  and  Smith,  were  taken  from  the  usher's  end 
of  the  School  and  sent  to  Ashley's,'  and  when,  after  'calling  of 
names,'  the  usher  missed  them  in  the  School,  and  went  to  Mr. 
Ashley's  to  fetch  them,  on  his  return  he  was  insulted  by  the 
boys  stamping  downstairs  ^  in  Mr.  Ashley's  hearing.  Again,  in 
3rd  and  4th  chambers,  when,  as  was  usual  on  remedy  days,  he 
was  'requiring  the  business,'  he  was  by  some  disturbed,  crying 
out  *  Preces  Finitae '  before  they  were.  Add  to  these  other 
affronts  and  evasions  of  business^  the  boys  pretending  to  be 
answerable  to  Ashley,  not  to  the  Usher.  This  unhandsome 
treatment,  together  with  the  above-mentioned  aspersion,  made 
it  necessary  for  the  usher  to  complain  of  the  schoolmaster : — 

'  Therefore,  Gentlemen,  I  must  complain,  and  beg  leave  to  address 
you  in  the  following  queries.  First,  Have  I  not  a  right  to  the 
chambers  in  the  College,  assigned  to  me  by  the  Founder,  but 
possessed  by  Dr.  Burton  without  any  leave  ever  asked?  .... 
Secondly,  Did  I  receive  my  usher's  authority  from  the  Warden 
and  Fellows,  or  from  the  schoolmaster.-'  If,  as  I  conceive,  I  did 
from  the  former,  is  not  the  instruction  of  the  commoners  belonging 
to  the  lower  side  of  the  school  as  much  the  right  of  the  usher,  as  of 
the  upper  end  is  of  the  schoolmaster  ?  And  is  not  the  schoolmaster 
injurious  to  the  usher,  when  he  takes  from  him  his  proportion  of 
commoners,  whom  he  hopes  he  is  as  able  to  teach,  as  he  is  the 
children  and  choristers  ? ' 

'  Mr.  Ashley's  class-room,  therefore,  must  have  been  upstairs,  probably  over 
Fifth  Chamber.  • 

'  The  day's  work,  as  at  Eton,  where  'Monday's  business'  means  the  work 
appropriate  to  that  day. 


394  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Dr.  Burton's  reply  was  short  and  temperate,  and  need  not 
be  quoted  here.  Eyre  resigned.  Let  us  not  forget  the  part 
which  he  took,  in  generous  rivalry  with  the  co-founders  of  the 
Fox  and  Burton  exhibitions,  in  establishing  the  Superannuates' 
Fund. 

Peter  Leigh  (adm.  1727),  of  Winstanley  in  Lancashire,  was 
High  Bailiff  of  Westminster,  and  then  Chief  Justice  of  South 
Carolina.  His  contemporary,  William  Whitehead,  succeeded 
Cibber  in  1757  as  Poet  Laureate.  Sir  Richard  Aston,  Knt.,  a 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench  (1765-78),  was  a  scholar  of  the  year 
1728.  Antony  Addington,  a  contemporary  of  his,  graduated 
M.D.  at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  in  1744,  and  practised 
medicine.  His  son.  Viscount  Sidmouth,  the  '  Doctor '  of  Can- 
ning and  Frere,  Bishop  Huntingford's  patron,  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  and  Prime  Minister  of  the  stopgap 
administration  of  1801-4.  Charles  Blackstone  (adm.  1730)  was 
brother  to  Sir  William  Blackstone,  and  nephew  of  Warden 
Bigg,  and  held  a  fellowship  at  Winchester,  which  he  resigned  in 
favour  of  his  son  Charles  in  1783,  but  was  elected  again  in  1788 
as  a  recognition  of  his  services  to  the  Society  in  compiling  his 
MS.  Book  of  Benefactions.  James  Hampton,  the  translator 
of  Polybius,  was  admitted  in  1733.  Collins  the  poet  was 
head  of  the  roll  'ad  Oxon.'  in  1740,  but  there  was  no  vacancy  at 
New  College,  a  fact  which,  according  to  Dr.  Johnson  in  \\\^  Lives 
of  the  Poets,  was  the  original  misfortune  of  his  unhappy  life. 

A  fire  began  in  Third  Chamber  and  spread  to  Fourth  on 
March  24, 1735-6.  Its  origin  is  unknown.  The  cost  of  putting 
it  out  seems  to  have  exceeded  the  cost  of  making  good  the 
damage\  The  College  was  invaded  by  a  horde  of  hungry 
citizens  on  this  occasion,  as  it  was  on  November  10,  1816,  when 
the  fire  broke  out  in  First  Chamber.  No  fewer  than  two 
hundred  and  fifty-seven  people  received  small  sums,  amounting 
to  £42  6s.,  on  the  latter  occasion,  on  the  plea  of  having  helped  to 
put  out  the  fire.     The  fire  of  1735-6  had  two  results.     The  build- 

C  s.   d. 

•  Laborantibus  in  extinguendo  incendio         .         .         .       44  12     i 


Beer,  brandy,  bread  and  cheese  . 
Mending  7a  leathern  buckets 
Laurence,  mason         .... 
Mayle,  carpenter,  repairing  the  ceilings 
Broadway,  painting  Third  and  Fourth  Chambers 


7     2 

3  13 

10     4 

14     9 

I    16 


Wardens  Bigg  and  Coxed.  395 

ings  were  insured  in  the  Sun  Fire  Office,  and  Dr.  Burton  made 
the  Society  a  present  of  a  fire  engine.  It  cost  £40.  One 
Elcock  had  the  care  of  it  for  many  years,  and  received  a  small 
fee  yearly  'pro  incuria  machinae,'  as  the  Bursars  of  1737  face- 
tiously say.  The  premium  paid  to  the  Sun — 'societas  a  sole 
dicta  ad  levamen  incendium  passorum  instituta  ' — in  1 716  was 
£1  i6s.  What  sum  was  thereby  covered  does  not  appear. 
For  many  years  after  the  first  the  premium  was  £2  3s.  In 
1783  a  new  policy  covering  £5000  (as  we  know  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  the  Government  duty  at  is.  6d.  per  cent,  amount- 
ing to  £3  15s.)  was  taken  out.  The  premium  was  £7,  about 
2s.  gd.  per  cent.,  and  the  office  charge  for  the  policy  and  carriage 
was  14s.  6d.  A  similar  insurance  could  now  be  effected  at 
IS.  6d.  per  cent,  free  of  office  charges. 

Warden  Dobson's  successor,  Dr.  Henry  Bigg,  of  Chilton 
Foliat  in  Wiltshire,  died  in  1740,  after  a  career  of  eleven  years, 
in  which  he  attempted,  but  without  success,  to  induce  the 
Fellows,  then  mainly  non-resident,  to  join  with  him  in  various 
reforms  on  the  broad  ground  that  he  and  they  were  dividing  a 
larger  share  of  the  income  of  the  foundation  than  the  statutes 
permitted.  Warden  Nicholas  had  taken  the  same  ground  in  a 
'  querela '  which  he  addressed  to  the  supervisors  at  the  election 
of  1711,  while  the  dispute  with  the  Sub-Warden  and  Bursars 
was  pending.  The  career  of  Dr.  Coxed,  Bigg's  successor,  was 
even  more  uneventful.  The  Bursars'  books  become  uninterest- 
ing about  this  period  through  giving  totals  only  without 
particulars,  and  seldom  contain  an  entry  worth  quoting.  I  find 
in  the  accounts  of  1740  an  item  of  poison  bought '  pro  intoxican- 
dis  soricibus  Hanoverianis,'  illustrating  the  popular  belief  that 
the  brown  rat  ousted  the  English  black  rat  at  the  time  when  the 
Hanoverian  superseded  the  Stuart  dynasty.  The  Society  were 
loyal  enough  to  subscribe  £25  to  the  fund  '  pro  rege  et  repub- 
lica,'  or  Patriotic  Fund,  during  the  '  Forty-five,'  and  rang  the 
bells  for  the  success  of  Admiral  Vernon  at  Porto  Bello  in  1740, 
and  for  Carthagena  in  1741. 

Richard  Chandler  (adm.  1753)  was  the  learned  antiquary 
whose  travels  in  Asia  Minor  and  Greece  were  published  after 
his  tour  in  1764.  He  died  vicar  of  Tilehurst,  in  Berkshire,  in 
1810. 

Henry  Bathurst  (adm.  1756)  became  Bishop  of  Norwich,     He 


39^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

was  a  nephew  of  the  first  Baron  Bathurst  (created  an  Earl  in 
1775),  whose  eldest  son,  Henry,  became  Lord  Chancellor,  and 
was  elevated  to  the  peerage,  by  the  title  of  Baron  Apsley,  in 
1771. 

Samuel  Gauntlett  (adm.  1757)  was  a  son  of  the  landlord  of  the 
'  George '  at  Winchester.  Being  fortunate  enough  to  obtain  a 
nomination,  he  held  a  fellowship  of  New  and  Winchester 
Colleges  successively,  and  in  1794  became  Warden  of  New 
College. 

The  staurus  expensarum  for  the  year  ending  December  6, 
1757,  may  be  set  forth  here.  The  quantity  of  each  article  is 
not  recorded  : — 

£    s.   d. 

Wheat 199  13    I 

Malt 228  12    o 

Hops 15    4    o 

Oxen 

Oxheads  and  Tripe 

Sheep 

Sheep's  Heads,  Slc 

Butchers'  Meat  at  Election  and  Audit 

Suet 

Salt 

Spices 

Oatmeal 

Pickles  

Coal       ........ 

Charcoal 

Vinegar         

Candles 

Firewood 


153 

5 

9 

5 

15 

0 

360 

3 

4^ 

2 

6 

0 

6 

19 

7i 

II 

6 

6 

12 

14 

4 

13 

6 

8 

15 

4 

0 

18 

8 

0 

36 

15 

9 

9 

7 

6 

I 

4 

0 

22 

17 

9 

96 

3 

0 

/1209 

6 

4 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 
Wardens  Golding  and  Lee  (1757-1789). 

Coxed's  successor. — Bishop  Hoadley  rejects  Purnell. — Dr.  Golding. — Arch 
deacon  Daubeny. — Combe  Miller. — Warden  Lee's  Election. — Masters' 
gratuities. — How  Dr.  Goddard  abolished  them. — Goddard  Scholarship. — 
George  Huddesford. —  Dr.  Warton. — Rebellion  of  1774. —  Moody's  case. 
— Bishop  Burgess. — Sir  Richard  Goodwin  Keats. — French  Lawrence. 
— Alexander  Crowcher  Schomberg. — Charles  Abbot. — Admiral  Raper. — 
Bowles  the  poet. — Archdeacon  Heathcote. — Regulations  of  1778. — Visit 
of  George  IIL — Prices  in  1778. — Archbishop  Howley. — Sir  George  Rose. 
— The  Duncans. — The  Trollope  family. 

Warden  Coxed  having  died  in  June,  1737,  the  Fellows  ot 
New  College  chose  Dr.  Purnell  their  warden  to  succeed  him,  in 
spite  of  a  protest  on  the  part  of  some.  An  unsigned  letter  from 
Oxford  which  reached  Dr.  Burton  about  this  time  no  doubt 
expresses  the  opinion  of  the  minority  on  the  subject.  It  is 
headed  '  A  serious  and  friendly  admonition  to  the  Fellows  ot 
New  College  touching  the  custom,  whenever  the  headship  is 
vacant,  of  electing  previous  wardens  into  that  office  V  ^nd  argues 
that  the  custom  is  objectionable,  '  first,  because  the  Warden  of 
New  College,  depending  for  a  very  beneficial  promotion  -  upon 
a  number  of  junior  Fellows,  is  not  likely  to  hold  the  reins  of 
government  as  tightly  as  he  ought ;  and  secondl}^,  because  it  is 

'  Wardens  Nicholas,  Brathwaite,  Cobb,  Dobson,  Bigg,  and  Coxed,  had  all 
been  heads  of  New  College. 

*  It  does  not  appear  what  the  headship  of  Winchester  College  was  worth  at 
this  time,  for  the  reason  that  the  Bursars'  books  only  record  his  statutory 
income  and  allowances,  as  in  the  case  of  the  rest  of  the  members  of  the  Society. 
What  made  the  place  so  valuable  was  the  Warden's  share  of  the  fines  on 
renewal  of  leases,  which  does  not  appear  in  the  Bursars'  books. 


39^  Annals  of  PVinchester  College. 

unlikely  that  the  visitatorial  power  over  the  Warden  of  Win- 
chester College  will  be  effectually  exercised  by  one  who  looks 
upon  himself  as  his  heir  apparent.'  For  these  or  other  reasons 
Bishop  Hoadley  declined  to  admit  Dr.  Purnell ;  and  the  pre- 
sentation lapsing  in  consequence,  he  appointed  Christopher 
Golding  (adm.  1723)  to  fill  the  vacancy.  This  act  of  the  Bishop 
caused  no  small  stir  at  New  College.  It  is  noticeable,  however, 
that  Dr.  Purnell's  friends  complained  less  of  the  rejection  of 
their  man,  than  of  the  Bishop's  omission  to  give  them  notice  of 
his  intention  to  reject  him ;  and  it  is  probable  that,  apart  from 
any  personal  feeling  in  favour  of  Dr.  Purnell,  most  of  the 
Fellows  of  New  College  would  have  admitted  that  the  practice 
of  promoting  their  Warden  to  Winchester  was  not  one  to  be 
commended. 

Charles  Daubeny  (adm.  1758)  was  a  Fellow  of  Winchester 
College  (1775-1827),  Vicar  of  North  Bradley  (1778-1827),  and 
Archdeacon  of  Sarum  (1804-27).  He  was  the  second  son  of 
Charles  Daubeny,  a  Bristol  merchant,  and  claimed  descent  from 
the  ancient  Norman  family  of  D'Albini,  one  of  whom,  Giles 
D'Albini,  was  summoned  to  Parliament  in  1275  as  Baron 
Daubeny.  During  his  incumbency  of  fifty-four  years,  and 
chiefly  by  his  exertions,  the  parish  church  of  North  Bradley 
was  restored,  the  parsonage  house  was  enlarged,  the  old 
parsonage  house  was  nearly  rebuilt  for  the  curate,  the  vicarage 
was  endowed  with  a  field  called  Gibbons'  Close,  and  Christ 
Church,  Bath,  was  built.  He  also  built  and  endowed  the  asylum 
and  school  at  North  Bradley,  and  contributed  more  than  £4000 
towards  the  building  and  endowment  of  Christ  Church,  Road, 
which  was  consecrated  in  1824.  He  died  in  July,  1827,  and  was 
buried  in  the  chancel  of  Road  Church,  where  there  is  a 
monument  to  his  memory,  erected  by  his  daughter  and  her 
husband,  Colonel  Daubeny.  JHis  Guide  to  the  Church  (1798)  and 
Protestant  Companion  (1824)  had  a  considerable  circulation. 

Combe  Miller,  of  St.  Peter's,  Chichester,  rose  to  be  Dean 
of  Chichester.  William  Crowe,  of  Midgham  in  Berkshire, 
became  Public  Orator  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  was 
reputed  a  poet.  A  tradition  that  he  began  life  as  a  chorister 
can  have  no  foundation,  unless  perchance,  like  Dibdin,  he  was 
a  boy  in  the  Cathedral  choir,  and  so  sang  in  the  College 
chapel. 


Warden  Lee.  399 

Warden  Golding  dropped  down  dead  in  Chamber  Court  on 
November  25,  1763,  and  there  were  three  candidates  for  the 
vacancy,  Sale  (adm.  1738),  Hayward  (adm.  1745),  and  Lee  (adm. 
1733)'  On  December  10  the  Sub -Warden  of  New  College  (the 
Warden  being  ill)  and  fifty-four  of  the  Fellows  met  in  chapel, 
and  after  receiving  the  Holy  Communion,  and  hearing  the 
statute  of  Elizabeth  ^  read,  proceeded  to  the  choice  of  a 
successor.  At  the  first  scrutiny  Sale  had  twenty  votes, 
Hayward  nineteen,  and  Lee  fifteen  ;  wherefore,  inasmuch  as  no 
candidate  had  an  absolute  majority  of  votes,  and  the  hour  was 
2  p.m.,  an  adjournment  took  place.  When  they  met  again  after 
dinner  Hayward  retired,  and  three  fellows  who  declined  to  vote 
for  anybody  but  him  were  absent,  for  which  offence  the  Sub- 
Warden  put  them  out  of  commons  for  a  calendar  month.  In  the 
result,  Sale  got  twenty-four  votes  and  Lee  twenty-seven,  and 
Lee  was  consequently  elected.  One  of  the  minority,  Richard 
Phelps  (adm.  1731),  took  several  objections  to  the  validity  of 
Lee's  election,  and  had  them  argued  by  counsel  before  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester.  One  was  that  the  Holy  Communion 
was  not  administered  again  before  the  opening  of  the  afternoon 
sitting,  which  was  alleged  to  be  a  beginning  de  novo,  and  not  an 
adjournment;  but  the  Bishop  overruled  this  and  other  objec- 
tions, and  Lee  read  himself  in  on  January  22nd,  1764.  Hayward 
shortly  afterwards  was  elected  Warden  of  New  College^,  and 
Sale  gained  a  Fellowship  at  Winchester  in  1765.  Lee  came  of 
a  good  family  at  Coton,  Salop,  and  reigned  twenty-six  years. 
His  son,  the  Rev.  Harry  Lee  (adm.  1779),  who  obtained  a 
Fellowship  at  Winchester  just  before  his  father's  death,  married 
Philippa,  the  youngest  daughter  of  Sir  William  Blackstone,  by 
whom  he  had  a  son,  the  third  Harry  Lee  (adm.  1805),  who  held 
a  Fellowship  of  Winchester  College  from  1827  until  his  death 
in  1880,  and  was  Vicar  of  North  Bradley  during  nearly  the 
whole  of  that  period. 

A  really  serious  attempt  was  made  in  the  year  1763  to  put  an 
end  to  the  practice  of  the  masters  receiving  money  from  boys  on 

•  Stat.  31  Eliz.  c.  6,  against  abuses  in  elections  of  scholars  and  presentations 
to  benefices,  which,  by  section  7,  must  be  read  whenever  Fellows  of  a  College 
assemble  to  choose  a  Head. 

'  He  died  at  Hardwicke,  Bucks,  only  four  years  afterwards,  of  a  fall  from  his 
horse  while  on  Progress. 


400  Ammls  of  Whicliesfer  College. 

the  foundation.  No  one  can  say  how  soon  the  practice 
originated  ;  but  it  was  anticipated  by  Wykeham,  who  (Ruhr. 
XII)  forbids  the  schoolmaster  to  receive  money  from  the 
parents  or  friends  of  the  scholars  on  any  pretence  whatsoever. 
The  practice  must  have  come  in  by  degrees,  as  the  decrease  in 
the  exchangeable  value  of  money  rendered  the  masters'  places 
not  worth  having  without  augmentation  of  some  kind.  The 
blame  must  rest  on  the  Warden  and  Fellows,  who,  instead  of 
making  up  the  salaries  to  a  proper  amount  out  of  any  surplus  of 
the  corporate  revenues,  divided  that  surplus  amongst  themselves, 
and  left  the  schoolmaster  and  usher  to  get  their  living  in  a  way 
which  everybody  concerned  knew  to  be  not  in  accordance  with 
the  statutes.  Warden  Bigg  must  have  felt  this  strongly  when  in 
December,  1739,  he  addressed  a  monitory  letter  to  the  Fellows, 
telling  them  that  they  and  he  were  converting  to  their  own  use 
a  larger  share  of  the  income  of  the  College  than  they  were 
morally  entitled  to,  and  averring  that  they  and  he  came  near  to 
be  thought  guilty  of  perjury,  breach  of  trust,  and  injustice  to 
their  wards  in  so  doing.  This  conscientious,  if  injudicious, 
language  elicited  a  reply  from  one  of  the  Fellows,  Mr.  Harris 
(F.  W.  C.  1704-48),  to  the  effect  that  other  colleges  set  the 
example.  This  was  the  case ;  but  the  practice  of  colleges  in 
this  respect  will  not  bear  examination.  Most  colleges,  if  not  all, 
were  endowed  with  estates  for  the  maintenance  of  a  head  and  a 
number  of  fellows  and  scholars,  with  a  margin  for  contingencies. 
This  is  the  scheme,  in  its  simplest  form,  of  such  endowments. 
In  Warden  Bigg's  time  the  progress  of  the  country  had 
rendered  the  estates  so  valuable  that  people  were  found  to  pay 
large  sums  of  money  for  the  privilege  of  renewing  their  leases 
at  the  ancient  accustomed  rents.  What  right  had  the  Warden 
and  Fellows  to  divide  these  large  sums  of  money  among  them- 
selves ?  This  was  the  gist  of  Bigg's  argument.  However,  Bigg 
died,  and  nothing  came  of  his  good  intentions  beyond  a  slight 
improvement  in  the  scholars'  allowances  and  a  moderate 
increase  of  the  stipends  of  the  schoolmaster  and  usher,  which 
was  really  covered  by  a  gift  of  £500  from  Dean  Cheyney's 
devisees '  and  legacies  of  £  100  from  Bigg  and  Bowles,  one  of  the 
Fellows. 

'  The  Dean  left  /Csoo  to  buy  an  advowson  for  New  College ;  but  the  bequest 
proving  void,  his  residuary  legatees  handsomely  gave  the  same  sum  to  augment 
the  two  masters"  stipends. 


Warden  Lee.  401 

There  appears  to  be  no  record  of  the  actual  incomes  of 
the  schoolmaster  and  usher  at  this  period.  But  there  is  a 
paper  extant  in  Bigg's  handwriting  giving  the  incomes  of  the 
Eton  masters  at  the  time  when  he  wrote  f^circa  1732) : — 

'  The  Master  of  Eaton  school  has  one  allocation  of  ;^50  per  ann,, 
and  another  of  ;^i2;  in  all  ^62  per  ann.  Besides  this,  he  has 
commons  of  all  kinds,  bread,  beer,  and  easements  of  all  sorts 
without  paying  a  single  farthing.  This  cannot  easily  be  computed 
at  less  than  ids.  per  week.  Besides  his  own  lodgings  which  he 
inhabits  he  has  spare  room  enough,  which  he  lets  to  the  boys  for 
studies,  and  which  brings  him  in  usually  £J&  per  ann.  The  master 
receives  a  guinea  entrance  of  all  the  boys  both  in  the  upper  and 
lower  school ;  but  as  for  annual  gratuities,  he  receives  only  from 
those  who  are  under  him  in  the  upper  school.  When  any  money 
is  given  the  known  sum  is  Four  guineas  per  ann.  and  hardly  ever 
varies  by  being  more  or  less. 

N.B. — No  money  is  ever  demanded  ;  and  it  is  supposed  that  one 
time  with  another  about  one  third  of  the  boys  pay  nothing. 

I    s.  d. 

Allocation  to  the  Master *       62    o    o 

Commons  and  his  own  lodgings 30    o    o 

Chamber  rent  from  the  boys 800 

In  all  about ;^ioo    o    o 


The  Usher  of  Eaton  School  has  only  an  allocation  of  j£ig  p.  ann. 
He  has  no  right  to  any  commons  at  all,  but  is  generally,  I  think 
always,  invited  to  the  Fellows'  table,  and  pays  nothing.  He  has 
lodgings  for  himself  and  as  much  more  as  he  lets  to  the  boys  for 
studies  for  about  £6  p.  ann.  The  usher  receives  a  guinea  entrance 
from  those  only  who  are  under  him.  He  receives  likewise  annual 
gratuities  from  the  lower  school  only.  These  gratuities  are  always 
the  same  as  in  the  upper  school,  viz.  four  guineas. 

N.B. — The  hostiarius,  or  usher,  is  not  considered  as  of  much  rank 

in  the  statutes.    He  is  expressly  directed  not  to  be  in  orders,  and  the 

care  of  the  School  in  a  great  measure  entrusted  to  the  Informator  or 

Master. 

£    s.  d. 
Allocation  to  the  Usher 19    o    o 

Chamber  rent  from  the  boys 600 

His  own  lodgings,  perhaps 500 

In  all,  about        ...        .        .        .     ;^3o    o    o ' 

D  d 


4oa  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

In  1763  the  Rev.  Charles  Scott  (adm.  1688),  a  Fellow  of  Win- 
chester College,  devised  his  Essex  property,  producing  about 
£  100  per  annum  at  that  time,  upon  trust  for  the  better  support 
and  maintenance  of  the  scholars  upon  the  foundation.  Upon 
the  devise  taking  effect  the  Warden  and  Fellows  resolved, 
instead  of  spending  the  income  of  the  Essex  property  on 
bettering  the  scholars'  allowances,  '  to  augment  the  salaries  of 
the  schoolmaster  and  usher  so  far  beyond  what  was  appointed 
to  them  by  the  statutes,  that  neither  of  them  shall  hereafter 
receive  any  gratuity  from  any  scholar,  or  from  the  parents  and 
friends  of  any  scholar  * ;  and  to  accumulate  the  income  from  the 
Essex  property  as  a  fund  for  that  purpose.  Sir  William  Black- 
stone's  opinion  was  taken  as  to  the  propriety  of  this  resolution. 
He  was  SoHcitor-General  at  this  time,  and  was  preparing  for 
the  press  the  first  volume  of  his  Commentaries  on  the  Laws  of 
England.     His  opinion  on  the  case  submitted  to  him  was — 

'That  Mr,  Scott  intended  an  immediate  benefit  to  the  existing 
scholars,  so  that  the  contemplated  accumulation  was  not  strictly 
justifiable  ;  yet  they  might  postpone  the  expenditure  of  the  income 
for  a  short  and  reasonable  time  in  order  to  create  a  fund,  without 
any  very  great  hazard  of  being  called  to  account ;  and  in  any  case, 
might  properly  apply  the  income  towards  lessening  the  expenses  of 
education,  instead  of  in  food  and  raiment.' 

While  the  Society  were  pondering  the  matter,  the  Electors  of 
1776  passed  the  following  resolutions  : — 

'  I.  That  the  practice  which  has  for  some  time  generally  prevailed 
of  presenting  ten  guineas  per  annum  as  a  gratuity  from  the  parents 
or  friends  of  each  child  to  the  Master  and  Usher  of  the  school  is 
contrary  to  the  obvious  intention  of  the  Founder,  a  grievous  imposi- 
tion upon  the  "pauperes  et  indigentes  scholares''  and  grave  scandalum 
to  the  College  itself. 

2.  That  the  children  be  therefore  admonished  by  the  said  Warden 
and  Supervisors  to  inform  their  parents  or  friends  that  they  should 
not  present  gratuities  to  the  Master  and  Usher  for  the  future  ;  as  the 
said  Master  and  Usher  ought  to  be  paid  out  of  the  revenues  of  the 
College  for  their  labour  and  trouble  in  the  discharge  of  their  offices. 

3.  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of  the 
College  near  Winchester,  to  prevent,  as  far  as  in  them  lies,  the  offer 
of  any  future  gratuities  to  the  Master  and  Usher  from  the  children, 


Warden  Lee.  403 

their  parents,  or  their  friends ;  and  even  to  remove  the  said  Master 
and  Usher  from  their  respective  offices  if  they  presume  hereafter  to 
accept  any  such  gratuities  —  since  any  members  of  the  College 
per  quos  grave  scandalum  Collegio  generetur  are  removeable  ;  those 
especially,  who  are  expressly  conductitii  and  remotivi.  And  they  do 
hereby  recommend  the  same. 

4.  That  it  be  also  recommended  to  the  Warden  and  Fellows  to 
allow  butter  and  cheese  to  the  children  for  their  breakfasts,  and 
garden  stuff  with  their  meat ;  which  allowances,  it  is  presumed, 
might  be  made  without  much  further  expense  to  the  College  than 
what  might  probably  be  saved  from  the  better  management  of  the 
beer.    And  they  do  hereby  recommend  the  same. 

And  the  Warden  and  Supervisors  of  New  College  do  beg  leave  to 
take  this  opportunity  of  expressing  their  sense  of  the  generous 
intentions  of  the  Warden  and  Fellows  of  the  College  near  Win- 
chester in  their  late  voluntary  offer  of  enlarging  the  stipends  of  the 
Master  and  Usher. 

Thomas  Hayward,  Warden  of  New  College. 

I  Supervis 


Edward  Whitmore,  ,  c„„^„,;o,^^o  ^ 
^         ,^  >  supervisors. 

John  Hook, 


The  custom  of  receiving  these  gratuities  was  not  to  be  upset 
by  a  mere  resolution  of  the  Electors.  It  prevailed  for  some- 
thing like  seventy  years  longer.  In  Dr.  Goddard's  time  the 
custom  was  for  every  scholar  on  admission,  and  likewise  after 
each  vacation,  to  pay  three  guineas  to  the  head-master  and  two 
guineas  to  the  usher.  These  sums  were  entered  in  the  school 
bills  as  'gratuities  if  allowed,'  and  most  parents  paid  them. 
Dr.  Goddard  estimated  his  annual  income  from  this  source  at 
£430,  and  the  usher's  at  £320.  Being  desirous  of  putting  an 
end  to  this  practice,  and  of  substituting  at  his  own  expense  a 
fund  which  would  render  it  unnecessary,  Dr.  Goddard,  in  the 
year  1834,  transferred  a  sum  of  £25,000  consols  to  trustees,  who 
were  to  divide  the  income  (£750  per  annum)  between  the  two 
masters  in  the  proportions  of  43  and  32  *  for  each  and  every 
half  year  during  which  he  shall  absolutely  abstain  from  receiv- 
ing any  fee  or  gratuity  from  or  on  account  of  any  scholar.' 
The  new  statutes  provide  that  this  fund  shall  continue  to  be 
administered  in  accordance  with  the  deed  creating  the  trust. 
The  Goddard  Scholarship  was  founded  in  1845,  the  year 
in  which    Dr.   Goddard   died,  in   order  to  commemorate  this 

D  d  2 


404  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

great  act  of  liberality.  Dr.  Ridding  (now  Bishop  of  South- 
well) was  the  first  Goddard  scholar. 

George  Huddesford  (adm.  1764)  was  in  early  life  a  pupil 
of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  who  painted  the  portrait  of  him 
which  hangs  in  the  National  Gallery.  He  was  a  respectable 
poet,  the  best  known  of  his  works  being  The  Wykehamical 
Chaplet. 

Dr.  Burton  retired  in  the  year  1766,  after  forty-two  years' 
service,  and  led  a  life  of  honoured  ease  until  his  death  in  1773. 
His  successor,  Dr.  Joseph  Warton,  was  born  in  1722  at  Duns- 
fold  in  Surrey,  being  the  eldest  son  of  the  Reverend  Thomas 
Warton,  Vicar  of  Basingstoke,  and  sometime  Professor  of 
Poetry  in  the  University  of  Oxford.  Missing  New  College  he 
matriculated  at  Oriel,  and  took  his  B.A.  degree  in  1744.  The 
Duke  of  Bolton  gave  him  the  living  of  Winslade  near  Basing- 
stoke in  1748,  upon  which  he  married  a  Miss  Daman,  whose 
nephew,  Powlett  Francis  Daman,  obtained  a  nomination  to 
College  in  1786.  After  his  marriage  he  wrote  poems,  and 
translated  the  Eclogues  and  Georgics  of  Virgil  into  English 
verse  in  a  style  which  won  him  an  honorary  M.A.  degree  at 
Oxford.  He  succeeded  Samuel  Speed  as  usher  in  1755,  and 
played  that  junior  part  so  well  as  to  qualify  himself  for  the  head- 
mastership  when  Dr.  Burton  resigned  eleven  years  afterwards. 
As  head  master  he  won  golden  opinions  from  his  pupils,  and 
was  generally  loved  ^ ;  yet  it  must  be  admitted  that  he  was  not 
strong  enough  for  the  situation.  The  laxity  of  discipline  under 
him  rendered  the  rebellion  of  1793  possible.  Something  like  a 
rebellion  occurred  in  Commoners  in  November,  1774.  I  quote 
the  following  account  of  it  from  a  letter  of  T.  Wood  Knollys  to 
Lady  Wallingford,  his  aunt,  dated  November  28  ^ : — 

'The  rebellion  at  our  College  is  quelled.  Most  of  the  young 
gentlemen  were  sent  back  by  their  friends,  and  the  ringleaders 
expelled ;  but  'tis  imagined  some  few  will  in  consequence  of  it  not 
return  after  the  holidays.  The  first  cause  of  it  was,  that  they  had 
had  two  masquerades  among  themselves  in  the  Common  Hall,  which 
the  Master  hearing  of  went  in,  and  seeing  a  mask  and  wig  hang  up 
made  the  boy  whom  he  supposed  they  belonged  to  take  them  down 
and  burn  them,  saying  he  would  have  no  masquerades.    Upon  Dr. 

'  Wooll's  Life  and  Adams'  Wykehamica,  pp.  134-153. 
^  Communicated  by  W.  H.  Jacob,  Esq. 


Warden  Lee.  405 

Warton  leaving  the  hall  all  the  boys  hissed  him.  Upon  that  he 
returned  and  said,  "  So,  gentlemen ;  what,  are  you  metamorphosed 
into  serpents  ! "  and  then  a  second  time  they  hissed  him  out ;  and 
a  third  time  he  came  in  and  attempted  to  speak  ;  but  they  reiterated 
their  hisses  and  would  not  give  him  the  hearing ;  upon  which  he 
was  obliged  to  leave  them.  This  was  of  a  Saturday,  and  he  went 
immediately  to  Mr.  Stanley's,  where  he  stayed  throughout  the  next 
day.  The  boys'  pretended  grievance  was  that  a  Mr.  Huntingford  ^, 
who  is  appointed  by  the  doctor  as  his  assistant,  should  not  call  names 
on  the  Commoners'  hall  (this  is  like  calling  the  roll  in  the  army), 
and  that  out  of  school  they  would  be  subject  to  no  one  but  the 
Master.  And  as  he  (Mr.  Huntingford)  had  otherwise  disgusted 
them,  they  insisted  on  his  being  dismissed  or  they  would  leave  the 
school.  This  was  signified  in  writing  to  the  Master  and  not  complied 
with  on  Sunday  eve.  The  next  day  the  boys  all  dressed  in  their 
best  cloathes  and  went  into  school,  insisting  on  the  dismission  of  the 
Assistant  Master,  which  was  refused ;  but  otherwise  they  behaved 
as  usual,  came  out  of  school  at  the  proper  time,  and  went  and  took 
their  breakfast ;  after  which  one  and  all  left  the  College,  and  soon 
after  proceeded  on  their  march  to  their  several  homes,  for  carriages 
or  horses  they  could  not  get,  and  money  very  few  had  any,  and  they 
that  had,  very  little,  so  that  the  first  day  they  suffered  much  hunger 
and  fatigue,  and  at  night  going  to  inns  they  by  leaving  tkeir  watches 
or  by  other  means  got  credit  sufficient  to  forward  them  to  their 
several  homes  ^  Thus  much  I  give  your  Ladyship  an  account  of  the 
College  rebellion,  which  every  body  here  condemns  the  boys  for. 
Though  at  the  same  time  we  think  that  if  the  Master  was  a  good 
discipUnarian  and  of  resolution  he  might  have  prevented  (it) ;  for  in 
all  societies  order  and  discipline  must  be  kept  up,  and  the  Master 
should  not  let  the  boys  see  the  blind  side  of  him  or  be  afraid  of  them. 
But  Dr.  Warton  has  entered  on  a  new  scene  in  life.  When  he  first 
came  to  Winchester  he  was  greatly  in  debt,  but  by  having  a  good 
wife  they  in  their  several  departments  increased  the  school  greatly, — 
she  as  to  the  domestic  business  of  providing  for  the  boarders,  in 
which  she  excelled  and  was  a  downright  slave.  In  short,  she  was 
the  admiration  of  every  one,  and  none  could  equal  her,  as  she  left 
nothing  to  servants.    But,  alas,  this  good  woman  died  .  .  .' 

The  disorderly  state  of  the  College  in  1778,  four  years  later, 
may  be  gathered  from  Moody's  case.     Moody  (adm.  1773)  was 

*  Afterwards  Warden. 

'  The  Eton  boys — 168  in  number — who  took  part  in  the  rebellion  of  Novem- 
ber a,  3,  1768,  were  wiser,  and  seceded  to  Maidenhead.  The  bill  which  they 
incurred  at  the  inn  there,  amounting  to  over  ^55,  was  exhibited  in  the  Loan 
Collection  at  Eton,  July,  1891. 


4o6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

a  junior  in  Fourth  Chamber  in  March,  1778.     He  shall  tell  his 
story  in  his  own  way : — 

'WiNTON  Coll., 

April  3d,  1778. 
Hon**  Sir : — 

I  received  your  kind  Letter  last  night  and  am  sorry  to  have 
occasioned  so  much  trouble  to  you,  but  as  I  was  compelled  by 
necessity  to  write  what  I  did  to  you,  I  hope  you  will  excuse  it ;  but 
as  I  have  not  yet  informed  you  how  I  was  and  am  used  ill,  I  will  now 
without  any  Exaggerations  speak  the  Truth.  The  First  Week  after 
the  Holydays,  I  believe  the  day  after  you  sent  me  the  money,  a 
certain  Praeposter,  whom  I  will  name  to  you  some  time  hence,  if 
you  desire  it,  asked  me  to  cut  at  Cards,  a  shilling  a  Game.  I  who 
never  was  used  to  Cards  told  him  I  could  not  play  for  money,  which 
then  satisfyed  him.  But  a  few  days  after,  some  little  boys  being 
playing  at  Commerce  for  nothing,  I  being  in  the  room  was  asked 
to  make  one  ;  but  just  as  I  had  played  one  deal  they  said,  "  Person 
coming  into  the  room  " ;  and  seeing  me  at  play,  told  me  to  pull  off 
my  gown ;  and  he  beat  me  with  a  great  whip,  I  believe  as  big  as 
my  wrist,  as  long  as  he  was  able.  He  then  kicked  me  out  of  the 
Chamber.  Another  time,  as  I  was  going  to  Hills  in  that  sloppy 
weather  my  shoe  came  down ;  and  as  I  was  putting  it  up  he  with 
some  others  came  by  and  drove  me  to  Hills  before  them,  which 
I  believe  is  farther  round  than  any  field  at  Bathampton,  I  run  as 
long  as  I  was  able  and  then  fell  down,  not  being  able  to  stand.  He 
and  the  others  trod  upon  me  and  wiped  their  shoes  in  my  gown, 
so  that  I  was  compelled  by  necessity  to  have  my  new  gown,  my  old 
gown  not  being  quite  wore  out.  I  could  enumerate  many  other 
things,  but  as  I  have  not  time,  and  fearing  that  this  letter  may  not 
reach  you  before  you  get  to  London,  I  am  willing  to  make  it  as 
concise  as  possible.  I  have  now  only  to  beg  you  to  remove  me; 
as  I  assure  you  I  can  never  be  happy  here  ;  but  if  it  is  not  agreeable 
to  you,  I  will  try  to  bear  it  longer  and  will  not  run  away  .  .  .  The 
half  guinea  came  safe,  and  I  have  only  time  to  add  duty  to  yourself 
and  Aunt  and  love  to  my  Brother,  and 

I  am  your  dutiful  son, 

'  Wm.  Moody.' 

Upon  the  receipt  of  this  letter  Mr.  Moody  came  up,  and  after 
seeing  Dr.  Warton,  took  away  his  son.  Writing  on  April  1 1  to 
Dr.  Warton,  Mr.  Moody  says  : — 

*  Yesternight  I  catechised  my  son  pretty  closely  and  find  that  Innes 
and  Weston  took  great  umbrage  at  my  knowledge  of  the  transaction 
in  January,  1777,  viz.  Innes'  and  Erie's  steaHng  and  burning  my  son's 


Warden  Lee.  407 

books.  I  am  happy  however  in  being  able  to  exculpate  Mr.  Erie 
from  any  consequential  ill-treatment  of  my  son;  but  with  respect 
to  Innes  and  Weston  I  can  with  Truth  affirm  they  were  his  perse- 
cutors, Innes  (tho'  his  tutor)  by  a  continual  wanton  and  malevolent 
treatment  of  him,  and  Western  by  his  brutal  treatment.  They  were 
the  boys  who  signalized  themselves  in  chasing  him  towards  the 
Hills  till  he  fell,  and  then  trampled  him  under  their  feet.  I  left  with 
you  a  letter  of  my  son's  mentioning  this,  and  likewise  the  horse- 
whipping. It  was  Western  who  was  guilty  of  that  piece  of  enormity 
with  a  very  large  whip.  He  may  perhaps  deny  it ;  however  I  say 
it  was  done  on  a  Holiday  in  the  4th  chamber  in  the  afternoon, 
when  some  of  the  boys  were  with  him  to  learn  (as  my  son  calls  it) 
his  books-chambers  .  .  .  Thus  has  my  son  been  sacrificed  to 
their  wantonness  and  brutality.  My  wish  is  to  have  it  exposed  to 
the  Warden  and  Society,  that  they  may  have  their  Demerits.  If  the 
truth  of  this  is  doubtful,  my  son  shall  wait  on  the  Society  and  evidence 
it  .  .  .  My  son's  things  are  left  in  the  care  of  Mary  Shackleford 
his  laundress,  and  Elizabeth  Williams  ^  at  the  Sickhouse.  You  was 
so  kind  as  to  undertake  the  conveyance'  (by  Leach  the  Salisbury 
carrier)  *  of  the  money  to  me.' 

Dr.  Warton  saw  the  Warden,  and  he  sent  for  the  praepositors. 
They  denied  Mr.  Moody's  allegations,  and  he  had  to  come  up 
with  his  son  to  justify  them.  Nothing  can  throw  a  clearer  light 
on  the  unruly  condition  of  the  school  at  this  time  than  the 
following  account  of  what  happened  as  Mr.  Moody  and  his  son 
were  leaving  College.  It  is  taken  from  an  affidavit  made  by  the 
son  before  the  Mayor  of  Salisbury  on  April  24.  The  reader 
will  make  due  allowance  for  the  fact  of  its  being  ex  parte. 
Moody  avers  that, 

'  as  he  was  walking  with  his  father  through  the  Close  on  April 
23rd,  he  saw  thirty  or  forty  College  boys  following  him.  The 
said  boys,  after  pursuing  them  into  the  churchyard,  violently 
assaulted  the  deponent  and  his  father  with  stones,  one  of  which 
struck  the  deponent  on  the  leg.  His  father's  head  was  broken, 
and  just  within  the  churchyard  he  took  up  his  father's  wig  from 
off  the  ground,  which  wig  he  saith  he  saw  just  before  in  the 
hand  of  a  certain  boy  named  Sandby  .  .  .  Being,  as  he  believes, 
in  imminent  danger  of  their  lives,  he  and  his  father  made  their 

*  Elizabeth  Williams  was  matron  there  more  than  fifty  years.  Her  wages 
during  that  period  were  £5  a  year,  with  an  allowance  of  coals  as  well  during 
the  last  few  years  of  her  life.  However,  when  she  died,  the  Society  buried  her, 
and  bought  of  her  next  of  kin  the  kitchen  grate  and  a  few  other  fixtures  for  the 
sum  of  (Ts  as.  6d. 


4o8  Ajtnals  of  Winchester  College. 

escape  into  the  house  of  Mr.  Waller,  where  they  stayed  a  considerable 
time,  and  until  the  boys  were  dispersed.* 

After  due  allowance  made  for  exaggeration  on  the  part  of 
the  Moodys,  it  must  be  admitted  that  a  scene  like  this  justifies 
Adams'  observation  ^  that  *  Dr.  Warton  seems  to  have  been 
unable  to  preserve  anything  like  discipline  among  the  boys.* 
Weston  and  Innes  indeed  were  sent  away,  as  was  another 
boy  named  Wrighte. 

Thomas  Burgess  (adm.  1768),  of  Odiham,  was  a  scholar  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  and  became  Bishop  of  St. 
David's  in  1803,  whence  he  was  translated  to  Salisbury  in  1825. 

Richard  Goodwin  Keats  (adm.  same  year)  was  Admiral  Sir 
Richard  Goodwin  Keats,  G.C.B.  He  entered  the  navy 
November  25,  i^jo^,  and  served  at  the  capture  of  New  York 
and  Rhode  Island.  Attaining  post  rank  in  1789,  he  commanded 
the  Galatea,  36  guns,  during  the  expedition  to  Quiberon,  and  in 
the  Superb,  74  guns,  he  won  fame  in  Sir  James  Saumarez's 
action  with  the  Franco-Spanish  squadron  off  Gibraltar,  July  12, 
1801.  He  accompanied  Lord  Nelson  to  the  West  Indies  in 
chase  of  the  combined  fleets,  and  fought  as  Flag  Captain  in  the 
action  off  St.  Domingo,  February  6,  1806,  after  which  he  was 
presented  with  a  sword  valued  at  100  guineas  by  the  merchants 
and  underwriters  of  London.  In  181 1  he  was  second  in 
command  of  the  Mediterranean  fleet,  and  from  1813  to  1816 
Governor  of  Newfoundland.  From  1821  till  his  death,  in  1834, 
he  was  Governor  of  Greenwich  Hospital. 

French  Lawrence  (adm.  1769),  of  Bath,  graduated  at  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Oxford,  where  he  got  a  Fellowship,  and  then 
went  to  the  bar,  soon  rising  to  eminence  as  a  civilian.  In  1796, 
through  the  influence  of  Burke  and  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  he  became 
M.P.  for  Peterborough.  In  1796  he  was  appointed  Regius 
Professor  of  Civil  Law  in  the  University  of  Oxford.  He  was 
one  of  the  executors  of  Burke  and  joint  editor  of  his  Works ; 
also  a  contributor  to  the  Rolliad. 

Alexander  Crowcher  Schomberg  (adm.  1770),  of  Great  Yar- 
mouth, matriculated  at  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  was 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Magdalen.  He  wrote  An  Historical  and 
Chronological  View  of  the  Roman  Empire,  A  Treatise  on  the 
Maritime  Law  of  Rhodes,  A  Sea  Manual  recommended  to  the 

*   Wykthamica,  p.  139.  ^  O'Byrne's  Naval  Biography . 


Warden  Lee.  409 

Young  Officers  of  the  British  Navy,  and  other  works  of  repute 
at  the  time.  Charles  Abbot  (adm.  1772),  of  Blandford,  was  a 
botanist  and  author  oi  Flora  Bedfordiensis. 

Henry  Raper  (adm.  1774),  of  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  entered 
the  navy  in  February,  1780,  on  board  the  Berwick  74  \  He  was 
signal  lieutenant  of  the  Queen  Charlotte  in  Lord  Howe's  action  of 
June  I,  1793,  and  was  made  post  captain  in  1796.  He  became 
a  rear  admiral  in  1819,  and  a  full  admiral  in  1841.  He 
published  in  1828  a  work  entitled  *  A  New  System  of  Signals, 
by  which  Colours  may  be  wholly  dispensed  with ;  illustrated  by 
figures  and  a  series  of  Evolutions,'  in  which  he  displayed  a 
mastery  of  the  subject. 

William  Lisle  Bowles  (adm.  1775),  was  Bowles  the  poet,  a 
son  of  William  Bowles,  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  College  (adm. 
171 1).  Bowles  the  poet  was  vicar  of  Bremhill,  in  Wiltshire, 
and  a  canon  of  Salisbury.  He  wrote  History  of  Bremhill,  Life 
of  Bishop  Ken,  and  Annals  and  Antiquities  of  Lacock  Abbey, 
besides  editing  Pope's  poetical  works  in  a  tone  which  drew 
down  on  him  the  wrath  of  Lord  Byron.  There  is  a  mural 
tablet  to  Bowles  in  Salisbury  Cathedral. 

Under  custus  aulae  in  1776 :  '  Page  for  four  dozen  salts,  i6s.' 
These  were  blocks  of  beech  wood,  about  five  inches  square  and 
two  inches  thick,  with  a  circular  hole  in  the  middle  to  hold  the 
salt,  which  were  in  use  within  living  memory. 

Distributio  pauperibus: — To  the  fund  for  the  relief  of  the 
suffering  clergy  in  America  (in  levamen  ecclesiae  Anglicanae 
clericorum,  qui  religionis  causa  in  America  vexantur)  during 
the  War  of  Independence,  £21.  In  1792  the  Society,  follow- 
ing this  precedent,  sent  twenty-five  guineas  t;o  the  Committee 
at  Freemason's  Tavern  for  the  relief  of  the  suffering  French 
clergy  during  the  Revolution. 

Thomas  Lavie  (adm.  1777),  of  Putney,  was  Sir  Thomas 
Lavie,  K.C.B.,  who  was  knighted  in  1806  for  having,  when  in 
command  of  the  Blanche  frigate  of  46  guns  and  265  men,  captured 
the  Guerriere  of  50  guns  and  317  men  after  a  spirited  action,  of 
which  the  particulars  are  recorded  in  James*  Naval  History. 

Gilbert  Heathcote  (1778)  was  a  younger  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Heathcote,    Bart.,   of   Hursley,   near  Winchester.      He   was 
elected  Fellow  of  Winchester  College  in  1804,  and  was  Vicar  of 
*  O' Byrne's  Naval  Biography. 


41  o  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Hursley  and  Andover,  also  Treasurer  of  Wells  Cathedral,  and 
latterly  Archdeacon  of  Winchester.  He  married  a  daughter  of 
Martin  Wall  (adm.  1760),  who  was  over  fifty  years  Clinical  Pro- 
fessor at  Oxford.  His  eldest  son,  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Wall  Heath- 
cote,  is  the  present  Sub-warden  of  Winchester  College. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Warden  and  Fellows  held  September  9, 
1778,  the  following  Regulations  were  made.  I  quote  them  as 
evidence  of  the  state  of  the  College  at  the  time.  Some  of  them, 
however,  had  been  in  existence  since  December  i,  1756  : — 

'Ordered. — That  the  Praepositor  in  course  in  each  Chamber 
shall  every  morning  enquire  of  the  Inferiors  whether  they  have 
between  Peals  gone  circum,  as  it  is  usually  called ;  and  that  they 
produce  a  witness  of  the  same,  otherwise  their  names  shall  be 
carried  to  one  of  the  Masters. 

That  at  Eight,  Eleven,  and  Five  o'clock  Prayers  the  boys  shall  all 
be  seated  in  chapel  at  the  tolling  of  a  single  bell,  which  will  continue 
for  five  minutes  after  the  ceasing  of  the  two  bells. 

That  they  behave  themselves  there  decently  and  quietly  both 
before  and  during  the  Service ;  and  that  the  Praepositors  in  general 
shall  be  answerable  for  any  noise  or  outrage  which  may  happen 
before  Service  shall  begin. 

That  the  name  of  every  boy  who  shall  appear  in  the  Chapel 
without  a  surplice  at  the  appointed  times  of  wearing  them  shall  be 
carried  to  the  Masters  by  one  of  the  Praepositors  of  the  Chapel ;  and 
that  the  Praepositor  in  course  in  each  chamber  shall  be  likewise 
accountable  for  such  neglect ;  and  that  the  surplices,  when  not  in 
use,  shall  be  deposited  in  their  respective  chests. 

That  no  boy  shall  go  into  the  belfry  tower,  clock  room,  or  upon 
any  of  the  Leads  about  the  College. 

That  none  shall  go  into  the  kitchen  on  any  pretence  whatsoever, 
except  the  Praepositor  of  the  Tub,  whose  presence  at  meal  times  is 
sometimes  necessary  to  regulate  the  commons  of  the  absentees. 

That  the  praepositor  of  the  Hall  do  take  care  that  the  floor  be  not 
strewed  with  saw  dust,  but  be  kept  clean  without  it.  In  default  of 
which  he  is  to  complain  to  the  Warden  of  the  Almoner. 

That  the  praepositor  of  the  Hall  be  very  attentive  to  the  attendance 
of  the  boys  during  their  meals,  and  accuse  those  who  shall  be  absent 
from,  or  loiter  in  the  Hall  after  singing  of  grace  ;  and  that  no  boy  be 
suffered  to  carry  his  commons  out  of  the  Hall. 

That  no  attempt  be  made  to  get  into  either  of  the  butteries  on  any 


Warden  Lee.  411 

pretence  whatsoever ;   the  Butlers  having  received  orders  to  supply 
the  Hall  with  Bread,  Beer,  Butter,  Cheese,  and  Salt. 

That  the  silver  pots  be  placed  and  suffered  to  remain  at  the 
respective  Ends  for  the  use  of  the  inferiors ;  and  that  immediately 
after  each  meal  the  pots  be  locked  up  in  the  buttery  and  never  on 
any  pretence  whatsoever  be  carried  down  stairs.  As  the  Praepositors 
are  indulged  with  their  separate  messes,  they  are  also  allowed  the 
use  of  any  cup  of  their  own,  which  the  butler  has  orders  to  fill.  The 
Gispins  of  beer  are  to  be  placed  in  the  Hall,  as  formerly,  viz.  three 
gispins  to  supply  the  six  Ends,  by  placing  one  on  the  middle  of  each 
of  the  three  forms,  so  as  conveniently  to  serve  two  Ends.  And  the 
junior  boy  at  each  End  is  to  pour  the  beer  for  the  rest. 

The  beer  that  may  be  wanted  in  the  chambers  at  proper  times  is  to 
be  carried  down  by  the  bedmakers,  and  not  by  any  of  the  boys  on  any 
pretence  whatsoever. 

That  the  boys  are  not  to  return  to  their  Chambers  after  early 
prayers  (except  on  remedy  days),  but  to  go  immediately  into  School. 

That  at  proper  times,  and  out  of  school  hours,  they  be  kept  close 
to  their  chambers,  and  not  suffered  to  stand  between  Doors,  or  to 
loiter  in  the  Courts,  or  to  walk  on  the  Sands,  or  sit  on  the  Bench 
under  the  chapel  wall.  And  that  the  Praepositors  in  course  take 
care  that  no  boy  be  absent  from  his  chamber  without  leave. 

The  hours  for  books-chambers  are  from  Ten  to  three  quarters  past 
Eleven  in  the  forenoon  and  from  half  past  Three  to  three  quarters  past 
Five  in  the  afternoon,  bever  time  excepted,  when  studying  hours  begin 
at  Four. 

That  the  Praepositor  in  course  take  care  that  the  chamber  doors 
be  always  left  open,  when  the  boys  are  in  them,  till  Bed  time,  which 
is  half  past  eight  for  the  inferiors  (when  a  chapter  in  the  bible  is  to 
be  read  by  the  praepositor  in  course),  and  Nine  for  the  praepositors  ; 
and  that  the  doors  be  constantly  locked  at  half-past  eight. 

That  no  boy  be  seen  with  a  hat,  except  when  going  to  Hills,  or 
to  Meads  at  the  season,  or  when  he  has  leave  to  go  out  of  College  ; 
and  that  no  one  appear  without  a  socius  in  the  Court. 

That  no  names  or  initials  of  names  be  cut,  or  otherwise  rendered 
conspicuous,  on  the  walls  of  the  Chapel  or  Hall,  or  on  the  buttresses 
of  the  same,  or  in  other  parts  of  the  College. 

That  the  Bible  clerk  and  ostiarius  shall  be  answerable  for  all 
offences  committed  in  the  School  Court  on  school  days.  The  prae- 
positors in  general  are  by  the  statutes  answerable  for  all  damage 
accruing  from  breaking  the  Hall  windows. 

The  Bible  clerk  and  ostiarius  are  likewise  to  see  that  the  boys  con- 


412  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

stantly  return  to  school  at  one  o'clock,  which  is  the  stated  hour  in  the 
afternoon  on  a  school  day  ;  and  that  they  do  not  loiter  elsewhere. 

That  no  boy  presume  to  go  into  the  College  garden.  For  any 
oflfence  of  this  kind  committed  on  school  days,  and  within  school 
hours,  the  Bible  clerk  and  ostiarius  are  responsible.  If  committed 
whilst  the  boys  are  at  Meads  or  elsewhere,  and  out  of  the  school 
hours,  the  praepositors  in  general  are  answerable  for  it.  And  if  the 
offence  be  repeated,  it  will  be  deemed  equal  to  going  out  of  College, 
and  punished  accordingly. 

That  if  any  boy  shall  be  convicted  of  having  a  false  key,  or  of 
breaking  open  any  lock  or  other  fastening  of  any  of  the  doors  in  and 
about  the  College,  he  shall  be  instantly  expelled. 

That  all  letters  be  carried  up  into  the  Hall  before  Eleven  o'clock 
in  the  forenoon,  and  be  put  into  a  letter  box  which  will  be  fixed 
there  for  that  purpose. 

That  no  boy  on  any  pretence  whatsoever  do  presume  to  go  out  of 
the  College  without  the  leave  of  the  Warden,  Schoolmaster,  and 
Usher.  By  "  going  out  of  College  "  is  meant  not  only  going  out  of  the 
walls  of  it,  but  likewise  going  behind  the  stables,  or  back  buildings, 
and  even  beyond  the  middle  gate,  unless  sent  for  by  the  Warden  or 
Schoolmaster.  Under  the  same  notion  is  comprehended  all  going 
from  the  Hills,  or  to  a  neighbouring  village,  during  the  time  that 
should  be  spent  at  Hills. 

Not  returning  to  eight  o'clock  Prayers  at  night  after  leave  obtained 
to  go  out  of  College  in  the  day  time  comes  likewise  under  the  same 
notion.  The  Punishment  for  the  first  offence  of  going  out  of  College 
will  be  whipping  ;  for  the  second,  if  the  offender  be  a  praepositor, 
exofficiating ;  if  an  inferior,  turning  down  to  the  bottom  of  his 
class ;  for  the  third  offence,  registering  in  the  Black  Book ;  and  for 
the  fourth  offence.  Expulsion. 

That  the  praepositor  of  the  Hall  do  on  school  days,  and  in  school 
hours,  keep  the  Court  clear  of  the  boys,  and  send  them  into  school ; 
as  he  is  placed  in  Sixth  Chamber  for  that  purpose.' 

The  chief  event  of  the  year  1778  was  the  visit  of  George  III 
and  Queen  Charlotte.  Their  Majesties  arrived  at  Winchester 
at  5.30  p.m.  on  September  28,  having  come  from  Windsor 
(about  50  miles)  in  four  and  a  half  hours.  They  alighted  at 
Eastgate  House,  which  Mr.  Henry  Penton,  M.P.  for  Win- 
chester, rented  of  the  College,  and  held  a  levee  which  was 
attended  by  the  Mayor  and  Corporation,  the  Warden  and 
Fellows,  the  Dean  and  Chapter,  and  principal  gentry  of  the 
neighbourhood,  all  of  whom  kissed  hands.  Next  morning  the 
King  reviewed   the  West  Kent,  Gloucestershire,  Lancashire, 


Warden  Lee.  413 

Staffordshire,  Yorkshire  and  Wiltshire  regiments  of  militia 
which  were  encamped  on  Morn  Hill,  a  mile  N.E.  of  the  city, 
and  then  held  a  levee  in  the  royal  marquee  on  the  ground  for  the 
officers.  Captain  Davies,  of  the  West  Kent,  was  knighted, 
according  to  custom,  being  by  rotation  the  captain  on  guard  for 
the  day.  Next  morning  (Sept.  30)  the  King  and  Queen  came 
in  their  respective  carriages  to  the  Cathedral,  and  thence  on 
foot  to  the  College  gate,  where  a  guard  was  mounted,  and  they 
were  received  by  the  Warden,  Fellows,  and  Masters.  They 
proceeded  to  the  chapel  and  library  (Chantry),  where  his 
Majesty  asked  many  questions  \  and  made  pertinent  observa- 
tions (not  recorded)  on  the  style  of  architecture.  After  visiting 
Seventh  Chamber  the  King  entered  School,  where  the  Scholars 
and  Commoners  intermixed  were  arranged  at  either  end.  After 
admiring  the  just  proportions  and  elegance  of  the  roof  of  that 
building,  he  proceeded  into  Meads,  and  was  struck  with  the 
view  of  the  plantation  on  St.  Catherine's  Hill,  being  pleased 
when  he  was  told  that  Lord  Botetourt  ^  the  Colonel  of  the 
Gloucestershire  militia,  and  his  men  completed  it  in  one  day 
during  the  last  camp.  The  King  then  went  up  into  Hall,  and 
thence  into  the  Warden's  lodgings.  Passing  through  the 
Gallery  (just  completed  at  a  cost  of  £329)  the  King  took  notice 
of  the  best  of  the  portraits,  and  in  the  Election  Chamber  was 
attentive  to  an  account  given  by  the  Warden  of  King  Henry 
VI  dining  in  that  room  during  his  visits  to  the  College  for  the 
purpose  of  copying  the  statutes  when  he  was  founding  Eton 
College.  From  the  Warden's  lodgings  the  King  returned  on 
foot  byway  of  College  Street,  the  Close,  and  the  High  Street,  to 
Eastgate  house,  all  the  way  being  lined  with  a  guard  of  honour, 
and  then  departed  for  Salisbury. 

I  subjoin  the  speeches  of  Chamberlayne ',  the  senior  scholar, 
and  Lord  Shaftesbury,  on  behalf  of  the  Commoners. 

Chamberlayne's  speech : — 

*  Regum  antiquorum  (rex  augustissime)  morem  revocas,  qui  litera- 
torum  sodalitiis  interesse,  oculisque  et  aspectu  doctrinarum  studia 

*  Read  Peter  Pindar's  Birthday  Ode,  describing  the  king's  visit  to  Whitbread's 
brewery,  and  you  will  have  this  scene  before  you. 

'  Norborne  Berkeley,  Groom  of  the  Chamber  to  George  III,  had  his  claim 
to  the  ancient  barony  of  Botetourt  allowed  in  1765.  In  1768  he  went  out  as 
Governor  of  Virginia.     The  World,  No.  103,  has  a  character  of  him  as  Boncceur. 

^  Afterwards  of  Weston  Grove  and  Cranbury  Park,  Hants,  M.P.  for  South- 
ampton.    His  father  was  William  Chamberlayne,  solicitor  to  the  Treasury. 


4i4  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

comprobare  non  indignum  putabant  amplitudine  sua.  Et  profecto 
plures  regios  hospites,  Henricos,  Edvardos,  Carolos,  olim  excepit 
vetus  hoc  inclytumque  Musarum  domicilium  :  nullum  qui  bonas 
literas  te  (Pater  illustrissime)  vel  magis  amaverit,  vel  auxerit,  vel 
ornaverit.  Quin  et  animum  tuum  propensamque  in  literas  volun- 
tatem  vel  hoc  abunde  testari  possit,  quod  vicina  castra  tot  tantisque 
procerum  Britannicorum  pro  patria  militantium  praesidiis  instruct- 
issima  bellicis  spectaculis  te  non  penitus  occupatum  tenuere,  quo 
minus  et  togatam  juventutem  respiceres  et  ex  armorum  strepitu 
remissionem  quandam  literati  hujus  otii  captares.  Ut  diu  vivas  et 
valeas  in  utriusque  Minervae  perennem  gloriam  tibi  fausta  et  felicia 
comprecantur  omnia,  voventque  Wiccamici  tui.' 

Lord  Shaftesbury's  verses  : — 

*  Forgive  th'  officious  Muse,  that  with  weak  voice 
And  trembling  accents  rude,  attempts  to  hail 
Her  Royal  Guest !  who  from  yon  tented  field, 
Britain's  defence  and  boast,  has  deigned  to  smile 
On  Wykeham's  sons :  the  gentler  arts  of  peace 
And  science,  ever  prompt  to  praise,  and  Mars 
To  join  with  Pallas  !    'Tis  the  Muses'  task 
And  office  but  to  consecrate  to  Fame 
Heroes  and  virtuous  kings :  the  generous  youths, 
My  loved  compeers,  hence  with  redoubled  toils 
Shall  strive  to  merit  such  auspicious  smiles: 
And  through  life's  various  walks,  in  arts  or  arms, 
Or  tuneful  numbers,  with  their  country's  love, 
And  with  true  loyalty  enflamed,  t'  adorn 
This  happy  realm ;  while  thy  paternal  care 
To  time  remote,  and  distant  lands,  shall  spread 
Peace,  justice,  riches,  science,  freedom,  fame.' 

In  1778  Dr.  Burney  took  his  youngest  son  to  Winchester  to 
enter  him  as  a  Commoner,  and  Johnson,  who  was  a  friend  of 
Dr.  Warton,  volunteered  to  accompany  him  \  No  particulars 
are  recorded  of  the  visit. 

Prices  in  1778,  after  the  commencement  of  the  war  with 
France  (declared  February  8,  1 778) : — Beef  and  mutton,  30?.  per 
lb. ;  sheep's  heads,  ^d.  each ;  ox  heads,  4s.  each ;  oatmeal, 
los.  per  bushel ;  wheat,  64s.  to  66s.  ^d.  per  quarter ;  malt,  4s.  ^d. 
to  4s.  8fl?.  per  bushel ;  oats,  22s.  per  quarter ;  sea  coal,  i8.J</.  per 
bushel ;  charcoal,  2s.  6d.  per  quarter. 

*  Seeley,  Fanny  Burney  and  her  Friends,  p.  50. 


Warden  Lee.  415 

William  Howley  (adm.  1779)  became  a  Fellow  of  Wincbester 
College,  and  Vicar  of  Andover  in  1794.  In  1813  he  was  raised 
to  the  See  of  London,  and  in  1828  became  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  \  John  Wooll  (adm.  1779)  was  headmaster  of  Rugby 
School  1807-28,  and  wrote  a  life  of  Dr.  Warton. 

In  1780  nine  silver  tankards  for  the  children,  costing  £37  ids., 
were  purchased.  They  disappeared  long  ago,  being  most  likely 
converted  into  spoons  and  forks  for  the  Fellows*  table.  The 
two  silver  tankards  now  used  by  the  Prefects  were  given  to  the 
Society  in  1680  by  Joseph  Coxe  (adm.  1653),  a  Fellow  of  Win- 
chester College. 

George  Henry  Rose  (adm.  1781)  was  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
George  Henry  Rose,  G.C.H.,  of  Sandlands,  in  Hampshire, 
formerly  M.P.  for  Christchurch.  He  was  eldest  son  of  the 
Right  Hon.  George  Rose,  a  well-known  statesman  and  political 
writer,  who  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  Treasurer 
of  the  Navy  in  Mr.  Pitt's  second  administration. 

John  Shute  Duncan  (adm.  1782,  Fell.  N.  C.  1787-1838)  was  a 
barrister  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  His  brother,  Philip  Bury  Duncan, 
D.C.L  (adm.  1783),  also  a  Fellow  of  New  College,  was  Keeper 
of  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  and  founded  in  1841  and  1850  the 
Duncan  Prizes  in  Winchester  School  for  proficiency  in  mathe- 
matics. There  are  portraits  of  the  two  Duncans  in  the  College 
Hall. 

Anthony  Trollope,  of  Cottered,  Herts  (adm.  1785),  was 
husband  of  Mrs.  Trollope  the  novelist,  and  father  of  Thomas 
Adolphus  Trollope  (adm.  1820)  and  Anthony  Trollope  (adm. 
1827). 

John  Colborne  (adm.  1789)  was  Field-Marshal  Lord  Seaton, 
G.C.B.,  G.C.H.,  &c. 

^  His  portrait  was  painted  by  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  for  the  Society  in  1817 
and  hangs  in  the  Warden's  Gallery. 


CHAPTER   XXV. 
Warden  Huntingford  (1789-1832). 

Rebellion  of  1793. — Dr.  Goddard  schoolmaster. — Philip  Williams. — Chandler. — 
Bandinel. — Bishops  Lipscomb  and  Shuttleworth. — Dean  Buckland. — His 
son  Frank. — Timber  stealers  at  Eling. — Order  of  Commander  in  Chief 
touching  Hills. — Sir  W.  G.  Hajrter. — Sir  William  Erie  and  his  brother. — 
Arnold  of  Rugby.— Dr.  Gabell. — Rebellion  of  1818. — Dr.  Williams. — Fire 
in  Chambers. — Subscriptions. — Lord  Justice  Giffard. 

Dr.  George  Isaac  Huntingford  (adm.  1762)  succeeded  War- 
den Lee  in  December,  1789.  He  had  been  Commoner  Tutor ^  and 
Master  of  Warminster  School,  and  was  a  Fellow  of  Winchester 
College  at  the  date  of  his  election.  Huntingford  owed  his 
elevation  to  the  See  of  Gloucester  in  1802  to  the  favour  of 
Addington  (Lord  Sidmouth),  who  had  been  one  of  the  Commoner 
prefects  when  Huntingford  was  Commoner  Tutor.  Hunting- 
ford was  translated  to  Hereford  in  1815.  Like  his  contem- 
porary Mansel,  who  was  Master  of  Trinity  and  Bishop  of 
Bristol,  he  preferred  the  Warden's  lodgings  in  College  to  the 
bishop's  palace.  During  a  career  of  forty-two  years  he  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  Warden  assiduously,  presiding  at  the 
Courts  for  the  manors,  setting  the  fines  on  renewals  of  leases, 
and  leaving  details  only  to  subordinates. 

*  All  who  remember  him,'  says  Adams  ^,  '  will  agree  in  the  appre- 
ciation of  his  learning  and  integrity,  the  excellence  of  his  character, 
and  the  goodness  of  his  heart.  The  part  he  had  in  the  unfortunate 
events  described  later'  (the  rebellions  of  1793  and  1818)  'must  be 
attributed  to  an  incapacity,  not  uncommon  in  good  and  able  men,  to 
understand  and  deal  with  boys.' 

*  Ante,  p.  405.  '  IVykehamica,  p.  141. 


Warden  Huntmgford. 


4'7 


The  rebellion  of  1793  has  been  described  by  Collins  in  his 
Public  Schools  and  other  writers.  I  take  the  following  account 
of  it  from  the  preface  to  a  MS.  long  roll  which  the  late  Mr. 
Peter  Hall  (adm.  1815)  bequeathed  to  Winchester  College  ' : — 

'  The  great  days  of  the  insurrection  were  Wednesday  the  3rd,  and 
Thursday  the  4th  of  April,  1793.  The  4th  was  the  day  on  which  the 
gentlemen  of  the  county  met  to  address  the  king  on  account  of  the 
war  with  France  after  the  beheading  of  the  French  King  ^  .  .  .  All 
the  gentlemen  from  the  County  Hall  came  down  to  the  College  to 
make  peace  between  the  young  gentlemen  and  the  Warden,  Masters, 
and  others.  The  young  gentlemen  resigned  on  Friday,  April  12,  and 
went  away  the  next  day.  Thirty-three  of  them  returned  and  were 
taken  into  College  again,  after  being  absent  about  fifteen  days,  and 
six  that  were  left  on  the  roll  at  the  last  election.  Twenty-nine  were 
expelled,  and  eight  were  not  suffered  to  return.  In  all,  thirty-seven 
dismissed  ^    The  cause  of  the  sixty  boys  giving  in  their  resignations 

*  The  Rev.  Peter  Hall  (adm.  1815)  was  incumbent  of  Walcot,  Bath,  and  left 
a  valuable  collection  of  books  and  pamphlets  to  the  Society. 

*  Jan.  21,  1793. 

^  The  Register  of  scholars,  however,  accounts  for  thirty-six  only : — 


White,  adm.  1787. 

Bishop,  adm.  1787. 

Turner,  adm.  1785. 

Baker,  sen.,  adm.  1787. 

Mant,  adm.  1788.  Fellow  of  Oriel 
and  Bishop  of  Down  and  Connor. 

Budd,  adm.  1786.    To  St.  Mary  Hall. 

Kinneir,  adm.  1784.  To  Exeter  Col- 
lege. 

Sealy,  adm.  1785. 

Elwall,  adm.  1786. 

Carpenter,  adm.  1784.  To  Hertford 
College,  M.A. 

Johnson,  adm.  1788. 

Downes.  sen.,  adm.  1788. 

Turner,  adm.  1785. 

Silver,  adm.  1787.  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  College,  Oxford,  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Anglo-Saxon.  Son  of 
Nicholas  Silver,  eight  times  Mayor 
of  Winchester. 

Moody,  adm.  1786. 

Beevor,  adm.  1789.  To  Caius  Col- 
lege, Cambridge. 

Dalbiac,  adm.  1789.  General  Sir 
James  Charles  Dalbiac. 

Daubeny,  adm.  1789. 


Lee,  adm.  1787.    Captain  69th  Regt. 

Bristed,  adm.  1789. 

Wall,  sen.,  adm.  1787.     To  Merton 

College,  M.A.,   Rector  of  Quatt- 

Malvern. 
Blackstone,  adm.  1788;  d.  early. 
Gibbs,  sen.,  adm.  1788. 
Oglander,   adm.    1791.      Fellow   of 

Merton. 
Wykham,  adm.  1786.     To  All  Souls' 

College,  B.C.L. 
Goodlake,  adm.  1787.  J. P.  for  Berks. 
Gunning,  sen.,  adm.  1788. 
Carnac,  adm.  1790.     Major-General. 
MoncriefTe,  adm.  1788. 
Smith,  adm.  1788.  Sir  Lionel  Smith, 

K.C.B.,  Governor  of  Jamaica. 
Faithfull,  adm.  1792.    Entered  army, 

and  d.  in  India. 
Sherson,  adm.  1792. 
Lockley,  adm.  1792. 
Devereux,  adm.  1790. 
Roby,  adm.  1790. 

Coxe,  adm.  1790.     To  Merton  Col- 
lege,  M.A.,   Rector    of   Shefibrd 

and  Avington,  Berks. 


£e 


41 8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

was  the  expulsion  of  Budd,  an  agreement  to  that  effect  having  been 
made  beforehand.' 

Budd  was  a  prefect,  whom  Dr.  Goddard  espied  in  the  Cathedral 
Close  when  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham's  regiment  of  Militia 
was  parading  there.  The  Close  was  out  of  bounds,  and  the 
Warden  had  given  out  that  if  any  boy  were  caught  there  while 
the  regiment  was  parading  the  whole  school  would  be  punished. 
The  Warden  sent  for  Budd  and  ordered  him  to  get  the  Electra 
of  Sophocles  by  heart  and  say  fifty  lines  every  morning  until  the 
whole  fifteen  hundred  and  ten  lines  were  said.  He  also  gave 
orders  that  no  boy  should  be  suffered  to  go  out  to  dinner  in  the 
town  on  the  ensuing  Sunday.  This  led  to  the  rebellion  so 
graphically  described  by  Adams  \  The  ringleaders  must  have 
meant  mischief,  for  they  unpaved  part  of  Chamber  Court  and 
made  the  juniors  carry  the  cobblestones  to  the  top  of  Middle 
Gate  Tower,  for  the  purpose  of  defending  that  stronghold. 
Budd's  foolishness  was  the  immediate  occasion  of  the  out- 
break, but  the  cause  of  it  was  the  discontent  of  the  scholars 
with  ill-cooked  food  and  other  petty  miseries,  and  the  '  do  as 
you  please  '  policy  of  Dr.  Warton.  Sydney  Smith  (adm.  1782), 
even  in  his  old  age,  according  to  his  daughter,  Lady  Holland'^, 
used  to  shudder  at  his  recollections  of  Winchester :  and  I  see 
no  reason  for  assuming  with  Adams  ^  that  his  recollections  on 
this  subject  need  to  be  taken  cum  grano. 

In  a  review  of  '  Paris  and  its  Historical  Scenes,'  in  the 
British  Critic  for  April,  1832,  is  a  skit  at  this  affair  in  the  follow- 
ing imaginary  title  of  a  book  supposed  to  be  Vol.  H.  of  a 
History  of  Winchester : — An  account  of  Winchester  College ;  with 
historical  scenes  of  the  Great  Rebellion  of  the  Scholars  in  the  year 
1 7 — ,  when  they  bolted  out  of  school,  '  booked '  Dr.  .  .  .  .  ,  broke 
all  his  windows,  burned  all  his  wigs,  barricaded  their  dormitory, 
procured  firearms,  maintained  a  siege,  &c.  See  also  Miss  Edge- 
worth's  tale.  The  Barring  Out,  published  in  1806,  and  The  Nar- 
rative in  The  Advertiser  or  The  Moral  and  Literary  Tribunal, 
vol.  i.  ed.  2,  Lond.  1803. 

Dr.  Warton  retired  at  the  election  of  1793.  The  extent  to 
which  the  College  was  thrown  out  of  gear  on  this  occasion  may 
be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  fifty-nine  boys  were  put  on  the 

*  Wykehamica,  p.  143.  *  Memoirs,  p.  6.  *  P.  158. 


Warden  Hunting  ford.  419 

roll  of  that  year,  of  whom  forty-one  were  admitted  ;  and  that  at 
the  election  of  1794  not  a  single  scholar  was  elected  to  New 
College '. 

Dr.  Goddard  (adm.  1771)  was  the  next  Head  Master.  There  is 
a  tradition  that  he  began  life  at  Winchester  as  a  chorister.  His 
contemporary,  Henry  Sissmore  (adm.  1770,  Fell.  W.  C.  1801-51), 
used  to  relate  how  he  saw  young  Goddard  in  the  leather  breeches 
and  stockings  which  the  choristers  then  wore  helping  to  carry 
the  dishes  up  the  staircase  to  Hall ;  but  there  is  no  demonstrat- 
ing the  truth  of  the  story,  as  the  choristers'  names  do  not  appear 
in  the  school  rolls  of  that  period.  At  the  election  of  1769  he 
was  placed  thirteenth  on  the  roll  for  Winchester,  but  renounced. 
Why,  I  do  not  know ;  but  it  was  not  an  uncommon  thing  a  hun- 
dred and  twenty  years  ago.  It  was  at  this  time,  perhaps,  that 
he  became  a  chorister.  His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  roll 
for  1770  ;  but  he  was  fifth  on  the  roll  for  1771,  and  got  in.  Fail- 
ing election  to  New  College  he  entered  at  Merton,  where  he 
took  his  B.A.  degree,  and  then  became  Commoner  Tutor. 
Three  years'  service  in  that  capacity  qualified  him  for  the  post 
of  usher  under  Dr.  Warton,  whom  he  succeeded  nine  years 
later.  He  retired  in  1809,  and  passed  the  remaining  thirty-six 
years  of  his  life  in  retirement,  living  chiefly  at  Andover  with  his 
wife's  family.  At  his  death  he  gave  his  house  there  to  be  the 
parsonage.  His  munificent  gift  of  £25,000  consols  to  free  the 
boys  on  the  foundation  from  the  burden  of  certain  payments  to 
the  masters,  has  been  referred  to  ^  He  was  a  great  benefactor 
to  the  parish  of  Andover.  He  rebuilt  the  Church  of  St.  Mary 
there  with  its  beautiful  Winchester  tower,  at  a  supposed  cost 
of  £30,000,  gave  £10,000  to  endow  the  schools,  £1000  to  aug- 
ment the  vicarage,  and  £  1000  to  endow  local  charities,  besides 
rebuilding  the  chapel  at  Foxcote  at  his  own  expense.  His  por. 
trait  by  Lucas  hangs  in  the  College  Hall.  Another  by  Pickers- 
gill,  painted  in  the  year  1830,  may  be  seen  in  the  Warden's 
gallery. 

William  Pickwick  (adm.    1791),  of  Lyncombe,    Bath,  was  a 

*  Register  1794,  note.  '  Post  supervisionem  et  scrutinium  hoc  tempore  habitum 
sufEcientia  litteraturae,  conditionibus,  moribus,  ac  qualitatibus  scholarium  hujusce 
Collegii  per  communem  consensum  examinantium  non  approbatis,  ne  unus  qui- 
dem  ad  Collegium  novum  nominatus  est.' 

*  See  last  Chapter. 

£62 


420  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

member  of  the  family  of  the  coach  proprietor  immortaHzed  in 
the  Posthumous  Papers  of  the  Pickwick  Club,  ch.  xxxv. 

Philip  Williams  (adm.  1792),  of  St.  Michael's  parish,  Win- 
chester, was  Vinerian  Professor  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  and 
for  many  years  a  leading  citizen  of  Winchester,  being  Steward 
to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  and  Recorder  of  the  City.  George 
Chandler,  of  Guildford,  and  John  Giffard  Ward,  of  Southampton, 
his  contemporaries,  became  respectively  Deans  of  Chichester  and 
Lincoln.  Bulkeley  Bandinel  (adm.  1794)  was  Bodley's  Librarian 
from  1813  to  1861.  Christopher  Lipscomb  (adm.  1794)  was 
consecrated  first  Bishop  of  Jamaica  in  1824.  Philip  Nicholas 
Shuttleworth  (adm.  1796)  became  Warden  of  New  College  in 
1822,  and  was  preferred  to  the  See  of  Chichester  in  1840. 
William  Buckland  (adm.  1798)  was  a  Scholar  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  Oxford,  and  became  Reader  in  Geology,  then  Dean 
of  Westminster.  His  son,  Francis  Trevelyan  (Frank)  Buckland 
(adm.  1839),  the  popular  writer  on  Natural  History,  was  a  student 
of  Christ  Church,  and,  after  holding  the  appointment  of  assistant 
Surgeon  in  the  2nd  Life  Guards,  was  Inspector  of  Salmon  Fish- 
eries.    His  bureau  or  'toys'  is  preserved  in  the  Porter's  Lodge. 

In  the  accounts  of  the  year  1793  I  find  a  bill  of  Kernot's  for 
replastering  the  walls  of  Hall,  486  yards  at  loa?.,  £20  5s. :  and 
an  item  of  £20  i6s.  3^/.  for  underpinning  with  brick  a  settlement 
at  the  east  end  of  this  part  of  the  building.  Similar  settlements 
of  a  later  date  at  the  west  end  of  Hall,  implicating  the  hatches, 
audit  room,  and  old  library  above  it,  have  been  attributed  to  the 
fatuity  of  pumping  out  the  water  at  the  time  when  the  foundations 
of  New  Commoners  were  laid  so  close  to  the  west  end  of  the 
ancient  fabric,  which,  being  built  on  piles,  depends  for  its  stability 
on  the  level  of  the  water  in  the  subsoil  remaining  unaltered.  It 
was  a  fortunate  thing,  perhaps,  that  when  the  Warden  and 
Fellows  bought  the  South  Mill,  as  it  was  called,  on  the  site  of 
the  City  sewage  pumping  station,  less  than  a  generation  ago,  with 
the  object  of  lowering  the  level  of  the  mill  stream,  they  were 
prevented  from  attaining  their  object  by  the  existence  of  certain 
water  rights.  These  settlements,  to  whatever  cause  they  may 
have  been  due,  caused  great  cracks  to  open,  which  eight  or  ten 
years  ago  needed  to  be  dealt  with,  and  have,  it  is  hoped,  been 
now  repaired  in  a  permanently  satisfactory  way. 

Among  the  subscriptions  of  1 794-1804  I  find — 


Warden  Hunting  ford.  421 

*  Fund  for  clothing  the  army  on  the  Continent  (probably  the  40,000 
German  troops  whom  we  subsidized  in  1794),  ^21 ;  county  subscrip- 
tion for  the  internal  defence  of  the  kingdom  (1794-8),  ^600  :  Mr. 
Deane ',  for  thirty  gallons  of  strong  beer  to  celebrate  Lord  Howe's 
victory  on  the  First  of  June,  ;i^5  ;  bounty  for  three  landsmen  to  serve 
on  board  his  Majesty's  fleet,  ^i  25.  ^d. ;  fund  for  widows  and  orphans 
of  seamen  who  fell  in  Lord  Duncan's  victory  off  Camperdown  (Oct. 
II,  1794),  ^10  I05. ;  volunteers  from  the  suburbs  of  Winchester 
(1804),  ^50.' 

At  the  Easter  Quarter  Sessions  of  1798,  William  and  Edward 
Gould,  Thomas  Woolfe,  and  Stephen  Hatch,  were  convicted 
and  sentenced  to  seven  years'  transportation  for  the  offence  of 
cutting  trees  in  Paulsham  Bushes,  a  wood  within  the  College 
manor  of  Eling.  It  was  proved  that  upwards  of  three  thousand 
trees  had  been  cut  by  these  and  other  lawless  copyholders. 
These  depredations  had  been  going  on  for  years,  but  it  had  not 
been  possible  before  to  obtain  convictive  evidence. 

In  1799,  Dr.  Huntingford  asserted  an  ancient  privilege  of  the 
School  in  a  letter  to  the  Duke  of  York,  the  Commander-in- 
Chief,  for  an  order  to  the  soldiers  quartered  at  Winchester  to 
avoid  *  Hills,'  the  river,  and  the  adjacent  fields,  which,  says  the 
writer,  *  from  time  immemorial  have  been  appropriated  to  the 
young  men  educating  at  this  College  for  the  purposes  of  exer- 
cise, bathing,  and  recreation.'  The  Commander-in-Chief  in- 
stantly gave  directions  for  the  issue  of  such  an  order.  It  was 
repeated  by  Sir  David  Dundas  as  Commander-in-Chief  in  1811. 
The  prescriptive  right  of  the  School  to  Hills  has  always  been 
an  article  of  faith  with  Wykehamists ;  and,  indeed,  it  seems 
probable  that  the  school  has  exercised  the  right  from  a  very 
early  period.  Hills  may  in  fact  have  been  the  School  play- 
ground from  the  very  first,  for  none  is  provided  by  the  Statutes, 
and  it  is  not  likely  that  Wykeham  intended  his  poor  scholars  to 
be  confined  to  Chamber  Court  altogether.  In  Jonson's  time 
the  School  went  to  Hills  on  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays,  which 
were  holidays  then  as  now  : — 

*  Si  modo  lux  aderit  Martisve  Jovisve  serena 
Grata  Catharinae  visemus  culmina  montis.' 

'  A  local  brewer,  of  a  well-known  Winchester  family.  The  College  got  their 
majt  at  this  time  either  from  him  or  from  a  Mrs.  Roman,  who  kept  an  inn  in 
Kingsgatc  Street  at  the  corner  of  Roman's  Road,  which  is  called  after  her. 


422  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

They  went  there  in  the  morning,  and  played  quoits,  handball, 
and  a  sort  of  cricket : — 

'  Ad  juga  sublimis  viridantia  Montis  eundum  est. 
Incedat  sociata  cohors,  sociata  recedat, 
Atque  ita,  donee  apex  Montis  tangatur,  eamus. 
Hunc  humilis  Montem  vallis  quasi  cingulus  artat, 
Haec  meta  est  pedibus  non  transilienda,  nee  aude, 
Ne  tibi  sint  tremulae  febres,  discumbere  terrae. 
Hie  tamen  ejeeto  diseas  bene  ludere  disco, 
Seu  pila  deleetat  palmaria^  sive  per  auras 
Saepe  repercusso  pila  te  juvat  icta  bacillo.' 

The  reader  will  notice  the  absence  of  any  reference  to  the 
maze,  which  probably  did  not  exist  in  Jonson's  time.  After 
dinner,  which  in  Jonson's  time  was  at  noon,  the  School  went  up 
Hills  again  : — 

'  Ac,  veluti  glomerantur  apes  aestate  serena 
Atque  ieta  repetunt  alvearia  prisea  patella, 
Wiccamicae  volitamus  apes  post  prandia  rursus 
Ad  virides  Montes.' 

William  Goodenough  Hayter,  of  Winterbourne  Stoke  (adm. 
1804),  was  Sir  W.  G.  Hayter,  Judge  Advocate  General 
(1850-8). 

William  Erie  (adm.  1804),  was  Sir  William  Erie,  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas.  His  brother,  the  Right  Hon. 
Peter  Erie,  Q.C.  (adm.  1804),  was  Chief  Commissioner  of  the 
Charity  Commission. 

Thomas  Arnold  (adm.  1807),  of  West  Cowes,  came  from 
Warminster  School,  and  may  therefore  be  supposed  to  have 
owed  his  nomination  to  Dr.  Gabell,  or  to  Warden  Huntingford. 
He  won  a  scholarship  at  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,  in  1816, 
and  was  Head  Master  of  Rugby  School  from  1828  till  his  death 
in  1842.  In  his  system  of  governing  by  reliance  on  the  boys' 
sense  of  honour,  he  is  said  to  have  followed  the  example  of  Dr. 
Goddard. 

Dr.  Goddard's  successor.  Dr.  Gabell,  was  a  son  of  the  Rev. 
Timothy  Gabell,  one  of  the  minor  Canons  of  Winchester 
Cathedral,  and  a  chaplain  at  the  College.  Dr.  Gabell  began 
school  life  in  Commoners — his  name  is  fifth  in  Quintae  classis 
Secunda  Pars  in  the  long  roll  for  1778 — and  obtained  a  nomi- 

*  Such  as  French  boys  play  with  now. 


Warden  Huntingford.  423 

nation  to  College  in  the  following  year,  when  he  was  sixteen 
years  of  age.  In  due  course  he  was  sped  to  New  College ;  and, 
after  graduating  there,  succeeded  Dr.  Huntingford  at  War- 
minster Grammar  School  in  1783,  when  he  was  not  quite  twenty- 
two  years  of  age.  In  1793  he  became  usher  under  Dr.  Goddard, 
whom  he  succeeded.  The  chief  event  of  his  Head  Mastership 
was  the  rebellion  of  1818,  in  which  the  whole  School  took  part. 
Adams '  gives  a  full  account  of  its  causes  and  consequences. 
Dr.  Gabell  dealt  with  it  promptly  enough.  The  only  references 
to  this  rebellion  in  the  bursars'  accounts  are  : — '  To  constables 
and  others  for  their  services  at  the  late  riot  in  the  College, 
£12  15s.  6d.  To  the  manciple  for  losses  in  the  kitchen, 
£4  3s.  i</.'  The  rioters  seem  to  have  penetrated  even  to  the 
kitchen,  that  adytum  which  the  prefect  of  tub  alone  of  all  boys 
on  the  foundation  was  allowed  to  enter.  According  to  Mr. 
Peter  Hall's  roll  referred  to  above  this  rebellion  '  began  on 
Thursday,  May  7,  after  Middle  Hills.  It  continued  till  9 
o'clock  the  next  morning,  when  five  College  boys  and  fifteen 
commoners  were  expelled  ^'  One  cannot  help  lamenting  that 
it  should  have  been  found  necessary  to  expel  so  many  boys,  one- 
ninth,  in  fact,  of  the  School,  as  there  were  not  120  commoners 
at  that  time.  Circumstances,  however,  must  have  rendered  it 
necessary.     There  had  been  outbreaks  at  Eton  and  elsewhere  ^ 

1  Wykehamica,  ch.  x. 
*  Five  Scholars : — 

Ward  (adm.  1815),  Prefect  of  Tub,  afterwards  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford, 

M.A.     Deputy  High  Steward  of  the  University. 
Jones  (adm.  1813).     To  H.E.I.  Co.'s  service ;  d.  early. 
Fredericks  (adm.  1813). 
Lowth  (adm.  1814).     Major  84th  Regt. 
Dobson  (adm.  1813).     To  Merton  College,  M.A. 
Fifteen  Commoners : — 

Porcher.  Merrit. 

Wood,  sen.      Sir  William    Page  Trelawney. 

Wood,  Lord  Chancellor  Hath-  Jones,  sen. 

erley.  Attlee. 

Malet,  sen.    Sir  Alexander  Malet,  Bassett. 

K.C.B.  Ransom. 

Hyde.  Fuller. 

Wigget.  Bayley. 

Daubeny.  Humphreys. 

»  At  Harrow,  for  instance.  Writing  on  Nov.  30,  18 18,  to  the  Head  Master  of 
Harrow,  Dr.  Keate  says,  '  I  am  very  sorry  to  perceive  that  the  contagion  of 
rebellion  has  reached  your  school  also.'  Dr.  Keate  had  just  subdued  the  great 
rebellion  at  Eton. 


434  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Writing  on   December  i,  1818,  to  Dr.  Butler,  of  Shrewsbury, 
Dr.  Gabell  says : — 

*  You  ask  me  if  it  is  usual  in  cases  of  declared  expulsion  to  change 
the  sentence  into  dismission,  or  even  to  revoke  it  altogether. 

I  never  heard  of  such  a  practice,  nor  do  I  recollect  a  single 
instance  of  it. 

'  You  ask  me  also  if  the  master  is  not  bound  to  be  inflexible.  This 
question  I  would  rather  not  answer  in  general  terms.  But  1  recollect 
no  case  which  justified,  in  my  opinion,  the  reversal  of  such  a  sentence 
when  once  passed.  No  man  could  be  more  importuned  than  I  was  on 
a  similar  occasion  after  our  unfortunate  disturbance  last  spring ;  but 
I  thought  it  my  duty  to  resist  all  importunities. 

You  have  heard  of  the  proceedings  of  the  boys  probably  at  Eton ', 
and  at  the  Charterhouse ;  but  perhaps  you  do  not  know  that  the 
Military  College  at  Sandhurst  has  been  in  rebellion.  The  boys  drew 
up  in  battle  array  against  the  professors.' 

Mr.  Peter  Hall's  roll  continues  : — 

*A  great  many  of  the  rest  went  away,  but  almost  all  returned  again, 
and  were  received  by  Dr.  Gabell,  after  suffering  school  correction, 
which  was  likewise  inflicted  on  many  of  the  College  boys.  The 
causes  and  consequences  of  the  rebellion  were  fully  and  minutely  in- 
vestigated before  the  Warden  of  New  College  and  the  Posers  at  the 
next  election,  and  one  of  the  Commoner  Tutors  was  sent  away.' 

The  severity  of  this  man  is  generally  supposed  to  have 
been  the  occasion  of  the  rebellion.  It  did  not  affect  Dr. 
Gabell's  credit  one  whit.  He  retired  in  his  sixtieth  year, 
on  January  24,  1824^,  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  at 
Binfield,  in  Berkshire,  having  been  presented  by  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Eldon  to  the  vicarage  of  that  parish  as  an  acknowledgment 
of  the  care  which  he  had  taken  of  the  Lord  Chancellor's  grand- 
son when  in  Commoners.  Dr.  Gabell  died  in  1851.  His 
successor,  Dr.  David  Williams  (adm.  1799),  was  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  Daniel  Williams,  a  Fellow  of  the  College,  by  his  wife 
Sarah,  a  niece  of  Sir  William  Blackstone,  and  was  admitted  as 
Founder's  kin.  He  was  Commoner  Tutor  from  1806  to  1810, 
when  he  was  appointed  usher  or  second  master,  as  the  holder 

*  The  lower  boys  at  Eton  forty  years  ago  entertained  the  belief  that  *  six 
o'clock  lesson '  (which  began  at  7  a.m.)  was  imposed  on  the  Fourth  Form  as  a 
punishment  for  their  share  in  '  the  rebellion  ' :  but  whether  in  this  or  some  other 
rebellion,  I  know  not. 

*  The  scholars  presented  him  with  a  piece  of  plate  on  his  retiring. 


Warden  Huntingford.  At^S 

of  that  post  was  beginning  to  be  called.  After  fourteen  years' 
service  as  Second  Master,  he  was  promoted  to  succeed  Dr. 
Gabell  in  1824.  He  continued  Head  Master  till  1835,  when  he 
retired,  and  was  presented  by  his  pupils  with  his  portrait  by 
Pickersgill,  and  a  silver  candelabrum.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
the  office  of  Warden  in  1832  without  success,  but  in  1840 
became  Warden  of  New  College  when  Dr.  Shuttleworth  was 
elevated  to  the  See  of  Chichester.     He  died  in  i860. 

On  November  10,  1816,  a  fire  occurred  in  First  and  Second 
Chambers.  That  the  damage  was  considerable  may  be  inferred 
from  the  fact  that  the  Surveyor's  fee  for  estimating  it  was  £45. 
Nineteen  of  Dean  Fleshmonger's  wooden  bedsteads  were 
burnt — a  good  riddance,  as  it  had  been  found  necessary  for 
many  years  to  kill  the  fleas  in  them  with  an  infusion  of  colo- 
quintida.  The  iron  bedsteads  which  replaced  them  may  be 
seen  in  Eighth  and  Ninth  chambers  to  this  day.  They  cost 
over  £8  a  piece,  being  made  of  wrought  iron.  The  inmates  of 
the  chambers  in  which  the  fire  occurred  were  quartered  at 
Sickhouse  until  the  damage  could  be  made  good. 

I  quote  here  a  few  items  from  the  accounts  of  1809-1831  : — 

£  s.  d. 
1809.  To  the  Poor,  on  the  commemoration  of  the  fiftieth 

year  of  the  reign  of  King  George  III  .  .  .  ^20  o  o 
1812.  For  the  Russians  suffering  the  greatest  distress  in 

consequence  of  the  French  Invasion       .        .        .  30  o  o 

1821.  To  the  poor  on  the  King's  Coronation  (July  19)        .  20  o  o 

1822.  To  repair  the  stocks  at  Durrington  .  .  .  .  o  14  2 
1828.  Fund  for  establishing  King's  College,  London  .  100  o  o 
1831.  Fund  for  supplying  the  poor  inhabitants  of  the  city 

and  suburbs  of  Winchester  with  proper  food, 
warmth,  and  clothing  to  relieve  them  of  the 
danger  of  an  attack  of  the  malignant  cholera     .      30    o    o 

George  Markham  Giffard  (adm.  1826),  an  eminent  Chancery 
barrister,  became  Vice-Chancellor  in  1868,  and  after  a  few 
months  one  of  the  Lords  Justices  of  Appeal  in  Chancery.  He 
died  in  1870. 

*  This  jubilee  was  kept  at  the  end  of  the  forty-ninth  year  of  the  king's  reign 
(Oct.  25,  1809). 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 
Warden  Barter  (1832-1861),  The  Governing  Body. 

Outlay  on  New  Commoners,  on  parsonages,  on  churches. — Local  Police. — Gas. 
— Improvements  within  College. — School  library. — Prefect  of  Tub. — After- 
noon Tea. — Weeders. — University  Commission. — Statutes  of  1857. — Con- 
clusion. 

Robert  Specot  Barter  (adm.  1803)  succeeded  Warden 
Huntingford.  Barter  had  been  Commoner  Tutor  under 
Cabell,  and  afterwards  Tutor  of  New  College  (1815-30). 
Adams  ^  dilates  on  the  merits  of  this  estimable  man.  Hunting- 
ford's  able  management  of  the  College  estates  left  the  chest  full 
of  money,  much  of  which  was  spent  under  Warden  Barter  in 
building  New  Commoners^,  building  or  enlarging  parsonage 
houses,  and  providing  church  accommodation.  More  than 
£6000  was  spent  on  parsonage  houses,  and  a  nearly  equal  sum 
on  church  building — £1000,  for  instance,  being  given  in  1842  to 
build  an  aisle  to  the  old  parish  church  of  Portsea,  which  has 
been  replaced  by  the  magnificent  one  recently  erected  in  the 
incumbency  of  Canon  Jacob.  Nor  were  local  interests  over- 
looked. Subscriptions  were  given  in  1833  'towards  forming 
a  police  establishment  in  the  city  and  suburbs  of  Winchester,' 
in  consequence  of  the  success  of  the  London  police  under 
Peel's  Act  of  10  Geo.  IV ;  and  in  1834  '  for  laying  gas  pipes 
through  the  city  and  suburbs.'  The  last  entry  is  followed  in 
1835  by  an  item  of  £71  16s.  for  laying  on  gas  to  light  the 
courts,  &c.,  within  College. 

The  stone  basins  which  so  many  old  foundationers  remember 
in  the  window  seats  in  Chambers  were  introduced  in  1836. 
Four  years  later  a  new  conduit  was  built  at  a  cost  of 
£424  14s.  6d.     The  wall  which  runs  from  Sickhouse  to  the  gate 

'  IVykchamica,  ch.  xviii.  *  Ante,  p.  135. 


Warden  Barter.  427 

of  Lavender  Mead  ^  was  built  in  1836,  and  a  continuation  of  it 
(now  taken  down)  to  the  old  southern  boundary  wall  of  the 
precinct  (also  taken  down)  was  erected  a  year  later,  with  the 
object  of  securing  the  privacy  of  Sickhouse.  The  school 
library,  called  after  Dr.  Moberly,  was  founded  in  1834,  Arch- 
bishop Howley  contributing  £500  for  the  purchase  of  books  *. 
At  this  time  the  ancient  office  of  Prefect  of  Tub  was 
abolished,  the  holder  of  that  office  becoming  Prefect  of  Library, 
and  receiving  a  gratuity  of  £20  as  compensation  for  the  loss  of 
his  perquisites'.  His  successors  were  paid  £10  a  year  for  the 
care  of  the  library.  This  has  grown  into  the  annual  sum  of 
£95,  which  the  five  College  officers,  or  senior  Prefects,  now 
divide  amongst  themselves. 

In  1839  the  dinner  hour  was  changed  from  six' p.m.  to  one 
o'clock,  and  afternoon  tea  replaced  bever  beer.  Influenced  ap- 
parently by  that  sort  of  feeling  against  tea  which  Cobbett  was  so 
fond  of  expressing,  the  authorities  disdained  to  impose  on  the  Hall 
servants  the  duty  of  making  it,  and  contracted  with  La  Croix  to 

'  From  lavender,  a  laundress,  being  the  meadow  where  the  laundresses  of 
Kingsgate  Street  aired  their  linen.  The  plant  lavender  is  so  called,  because 
laundresses  used  it  to  sweeten  the  clean  linen  when  sent  home  from  the  wash. 

^  JC750  was  raised  and  spent  in  this  way  between  the  years  1834  and  i860. 
The  other  subscribers  were  the  Bishops  of  Norwich  (Bathurst)  and  Jamaica 
(Lipscomb)  and  two  old  Commoners,  the  Revs.  L.  Kerby  and  W.  M.  Darrell. 

.'  He  had  the  kidneys  out  of  every  loin  of  mutton  that  reached  the  scholars' 
tables,  besides  fees  from  the  tenants  at  the  audit,  and  other  emoluments.  Pre- 
fect of  Tub  (prefectus  oUae)  anciently  had  the  charge  of  the  tub  or  bicker  in 
which  porridge  was  served  up  to  the  scholars  at  breakfast.  An  entry  of  /^d. 
paid  'pro  le  tubbe  puerorum'  occurs  in  the  computus  for  the  year  1491.  The 
olla  was  the  pot  in  which  the  porridge  was  made.  When  bread  and  cheese 
superseded  porridge  at  breakfast,  the  porridge  tub  was  used  as  a  receptacle  for 
broken  victuals,  and  gave  its  name  to  the  comparatively  modern  'tub'  which  is 
used  for  that  purpose.  The  chief  duty  of  Prefect  of  Tub,  after  serving  out 
the  porridge  at  breakfast,  was  to  see  that  the  boys  got  their  '  dispers,'  or  por- 
tions, at  dinner  satisfactorily.  He  alone,  of  all  the  scholars,  had  the  right  to  be 
in  the  kitchen  for  this  purpose.    Jonson  says  : — 

'  Prefectus  quidam  qui  nomen  ducit  ab  olla 

Aulae  prefecto  bubulae  cito  fercula  mittit. 

Inter  prandendum  per  mensas  ambulat  iste, 

Et  sua  cum  famulis  defessis  prandia  sumit. 

Disponit  pueris  sua  fercula.    Junior  istud 

Quattuor  in  partes  cultello  dividit  aequo, 

Implet  et  hie  potum,  piceus  quoque  cantharu's  astat.' 
'  Quattuor  in  partes '  points  to  messes  of  four,  such  as  are  found  at  the  Inns  of 
Court  now,  and  existed  at  the  Universities  formerly. 


438  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

supply  it  at  the  price  of  £5  per  week.  Tea  and  sugar  were  far 
dearer  then  than  now.  It  was  not  until  the  year  1851  that 
tea  was  made  in  Hatches. 

The  weeders,  a  company  of  old  women  who  weed  the  courts 
and  share  the  broken  victuals  and  waste  beer,  are  mentioned  in 
the  computus  for  1527 — *  Sol.  iiij  mulieribus  laborantibus  in 
quadrato  per  x  dies  circa  emundacionem  eiusdem  quarum 
quelibet  capit  per  diem  j'^, — iij«  iiij'^.'  No  explanation  of  the 
circumstances  under  which  four  women  took  ten  days  to  weed 
Chamber  Court  is  forthcoming.  It  was  an  exceptional  case,  for 
the  weeders  seldom  got  anything  beyond  the  broken  victuals  ^, 
and  consequently  are  not  often  mentioned  in  the  accounts.  The 
broken  victuals  they  shared  with  the  beggars  at  the  gate  and 
the  prisoners  in  the  Cheyney  gaol.  Warden  Barter  put  the 
weeders  on  a  new  footing,  appointing  twenty-four  married 
women  with  young  families  to  weed  the  courts,  and  making 
further  provision  for  their  maintenance.  Eleven  of  these 
women  survive,  but  '  Smith's  Weed  Killer '  has  relieved  them 
of  most  of  their  duties. 

In  Warden  Barter's  time  the  old  order  of  things  began  to 
draw  to  a  close.  In  March,  1857,  the  Oxford  University  Com- 
mission made  a  set  of  statutes  for  New  College.  The  right  of 
succession  to  probationary  fellowships  there  was  abolished,  and 
six  scholarships,  to  be  obtained  each  year  by  boys  leaving  the 
school,  were  created.  These  scholarships  are  open  to  scholai-s 
and  commoners  alike,  and  are  competed  for  in  December.  In 
June,  1857,  the  Commissioners  issued  a  set  of  statutes  for 
Winchester  College.  The  privileges  of  Founder's  kin  were 
abolished,  and  scholars  were  to  be  elected  after  a  competitive 
examination.  No  boy  was  to  be  ineligible  by  reason  of  his 
having  any  bodily  imperfection  which  might  operate  as  a 
disqualification  for  Holy  Orders,  or  of  his  not  being  instructed 
in  plain  song,  or  by  reason  of  any  restriction  in  respect  of 
property.  The  electors  might  refuse  to  admit  as  a  candidate 
any  one  whom  they  deemed  not  to  be  in  need  of  a  scholarship, 
and  caeterts  paribus  were  to  have  regard  to  the  pecuniary 
circumstances  of  the  candidates.     Four  of  the  Fellowships,  as 

*  '  Fragmenta  in  gremium  turbae  funduntur  anilis '  says  Jonson.  The  baskets 
in  which  the  fragments  were  carried  down  from  Hall  are  referred  to  more  than 
once. 


Warden  Barter.  429 

vacancies  occurred,  were  ultimately  to  be  suppressed,  and  the 
emoluments  of  those  fellowships,  together  with  any  other 
available  resources  of  the  College,  were  to  be  applied  in 
establishing  thirty  additional  scholarships  and  twenty  ex- 
hibitions of  the  annual  value  of  £50  each.  The  particular 
provisions  of  the  old  statutes,  respecting  the  devotions,  dress, 
recreations,  and  other  personal  habits  of  the  members  of  the 
College,  and  the  clothing  to  be  provided  for  them  respectively, 
and  the  conditions  of  their  going  beyond  the  precincts  of  the 
College;  and  respecting  the  meals  of  the  members  of  the 
College,  and  the  mode  of  serving  and  conducting  the  same ; 
and  respecting  the  inquiries  to  be  made  into  the  life  and 
conduct  of  members,  and  the  mode  of  making  the  same ;  and 
respecting  the  treatment  and  support  of  fellows  and  scholars  in 
case  of  sickness  or  infirmity  ;  and  respecting  the  distribution  of 
the  rooms,  and  the  use  of  the  common  hall  and  other  common 
rooms  or  buildings  of  the  College  ;  and  respecting  the  use  of 
the  Library ;  and  respecting  the  times  of  opening  and  closing 
the  gates  and  doors  of  the  College ;  and  respecting  the 
admission  of  strangers  into  the  precincts  of  the  College  ;  and 
respecting  the  reading  of  the  statutes;  and  respecting  the 
service  of  the  College ;  and  respecting  progresses  and  other 
matters  relative  to  the  supervision  of  the  property  of  the 
College ;  and  respecting  the  custody  and  inspection  of  the. 
moneys,  plate,  and  other  goods  of  the  College,  other  than  the 
muniments  and  seals,  were  to  be  thenceforth  void.  Fresh 
regulations  might  be  made  for  effecting  the  main  objects  which 
the  above  particular  provisions  were  intended  to  effect,  in  the 
case  of  the  Warden  and  Fellows,  by  the  Warden  and  Fellows, 
and,  so  far  as  they  might  relate  to  scholars,  by  the  Warden 
alone. 

Four  exhibitions  of  £50  each  were  established  on  the  promul- 
gation of  these  ordinances ;  and  the  number  was  increased  to 
eight  within  the  next  three  or  four  years.  At  the  present  time 
two  exhibitions  at  least  of  £40  each  are  given  away  annually. 

Warden  Barter  died,  universally  regretted,  in  February,  1861, 
and  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Godfrey  Bolles  Lee,  M.A.  (adm. 
i83o\  the  present  Warden.  Only  three  months  after  Barter's 
death,  a  Royal  Commission  was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the 
endowment,  administration,  and  efficiency  of  Eton,  Winchester, 


430  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

and  other  public  schools.  The  Public  Schools  Act,  1868,  was 
passed  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Commission.  Under  the 
provisions  of  it  the  Governing  Body  of  Winchester  School  was 
appointed  in  April,  1871.  It  consists  of  eleven  members.  The 
Wardens  of  the  two  St.  Mary  Winton  Colleges  are  members, 
ex  officio.  Six  more  are  nominated  by  the  Universities  of 
Oxford  and  Cambridge,  the  Royal  Society,  the  Lord  Chief 
Justice,  the  Fellows  of  New  College,  and  the  Masters  of  Win- 
chester School  respectively.  These  eight  are  at  liberty  to 
co-opt  three  others  \  All  the  powers  formerly  possessed  by  the 
Warden  and  Fellows  are  exercised  by  this  body.  The  estates 
continue  to  belong,  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  to  the  Warden  and 
Fellows  ;  but  the  Governing  Body  manage  the  estates,  receive 
and  spend  the  income,  appoint  the  Head  Master,  nominate  the 
examiners,  and,  speaking  generally,  reign  supreme,  except  in 
presenting  to  the  College  livings,  when  the  Fellows  have  an 
equal  voice.  The  members  of  the  Governing  Body  (other  than 
the  Warden  of  Winchester  College)  are  Fellows  of  Winchester 
College  for  the  time  being,  but  their  Fellowships  are  non- 
stipendiary.  Eventually,  no  doubt,  the  offices  of  Warden  and 
Chairman  of  the  Governing  Body  will  be  united  and  the  Gover- 
ning Body  will  be  the  Warden  and  Fellows.  The  Governing 
Body  have  made  statutes  and  regulations  as  to  the  ages  and  con- 
ditions of  admission  and  dismissal  of  boys ;  as  to  the  lodging  and 
boarding  the  boys  in  the  school ;  as  to  the  payments  for  the 
maintenance  and  education  of  scholars  and  commoners  respec- 
tively ;  as  to  divine  service ;  as  to  holidays ;  as  to  the  sanitary 
condition  of  the  School  and  premises ;  as  to  the  branches  of 
study ;  as  to  the  number  and  salaries  of  the  masters ;  and  as  to 
the  powers  of  the  Head  Master.     No  boy  is  to  be  admitted  to  the 


*  The  present  members  of  the  Governing  Body  are : — 
The  Earl  of  Selborne,  chairman. 
The  Warden  of  New  College  1 

The  Warden  of  Winchester  College   \  ^^  °®"°- 
The  Lord  Bishop  of  London  (Masters\ 
Lord  Basing  (Lord  Chief  Justice). 

Rev.  Professor  Bartholomew  Price,  M.A.,  F.R.S.  (Royal  Society). 
Arthur  Octavius  Prickard,  M.A.  (New  College). 
Chaloner  William  Chute,  M.A. 
Edwin  Freshfield,  LL.D.,  F.S.A. 
Charles  Lancelot  Shadwell,  B.C.L.  (Oxford). 
The  Provost  of  King's  College  (Cambridge). 


The  Governing  Body.  431 

school  as  a  commoner  before  he  is  twelve  years  of  age,  or  after 
he  is  fifteen  years  of  age,  unless  for  special  reasons  approved  of 
by  the  Head  Master.  Before  the  admission  of  any  boy  as  a 
commoner,  he  is  to  be  examined  ^ ;  and  no  boy  is  to  be  admitted 
unless  he  appear  to  be  sufficiently  advanced  to  take  part  in  the 
lessons  of  the  lowest  class  in  the  School.  The  following  sub- 
jects are  always  to  be  included  in  the  subjects  of  examination : — 

1.  Elementary  religious  knowledge. 

2.  Translation  into  English  of  an  easy  Latin  author. 

3.  Latin  grammar  and  parsing. 

4.  French  grammar,  parsing,  and  translation  of  easy  passages. 

5.  Elementary  arithmetic. 

6.  The  outlines  of  English  history  and  geography. 

In  addition  to  these  prescribed  subjects  the  examination  at 
present  includes : — 

7.  Translation  into  Latin  of  easy  English  passages. 

8.  Greek  grammar,  parsing,  and  translation  of  easy  passages  ^. 
The  grammars  in  use  are  the  Public  School  Latin  Primer, 

and  Abbott  and  Mansfield's  Primer  of  Greek  Accidence. 

Candidates  for  Scholarships  and  Exhibitions  are  to  be  ex- 
amined in  the  same  subjects;  but  the  examiners  may  (and  do) 
add  papers  on — 

1.  Latin  composition,  prose  and  verse. 

2.  Greek  grammar  and  translation. 

3.  The  elements  of  geometry. 

4.  The  higher  rules  of  arithmetic  and  elementary  algebra. 

No  books  are  named  for  preparation,  and  the  candidates  are  not 
allowed  to  use  dictionaries  or  other  books  in  the  examination 
room.  A  candidate  may  be  elected  to  a  scholarship  or  exhibition 
on  the  ground  of  proficiency  in  special  subjects,  e.  g.  mathe- 
matics, or  of  excellence  in  the  examination  as  a  whole.  The 
examination  for  scholarships  and  exhibitions  is  held  early  in 
July  at  Winchester,  commencing  as  a  rule  on  a  Tuesday  at  9 
a.m.,  and  lasts  three  days.  Election  to  an  exhibition  insures 
admission  to  one  of  the  Boarding  houses.  The  Head  Master  re- 
serves one  vacancy  in  each  House  every  year  at  his  own  disposal. 

*  This  examination  is  not  competitive,  only  those  boys  being  examined  who 
have  obtained  conditional  vacancies  in  the  Tutors'  houses. 

•  A  knowledge  of  Greek  is  no  longer  required  from  boys  under  fourteen  years 
of  age. 


4^2  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

These  vacancies  he  fills  up  ordinarily  by  competition  at  the  time 
when  the  examination  for  scholarships  and  exhibitions  takes 
place.  The  remaining  vacancies  in  the  respective  boarding  houses 
are  filled  up  by  the  masters  who  keep  them.  No  boy  is  to  remain 
in  the  school  after  the  end  of  the  school  half-year  in  which  he 
attains  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  unless  he  shall  have  been  pre- 
viously admitted  to  Middle  Part  V  ;  no  boy  is  to  remain  in  the 
school  after  the  end  of  the  school  half-year  in  which  he  attains 
the  age  of  seventeen  years,  unless  he  shall  have  been  previously 
admitted  to  Senior  Part  V ;  and  no  boy  is  to  remain  in  the 
school  after  the  end  of  the  school  half-year  in  which  he  attains 
the  age  of  eighteen  years.  Under  special  circumstances  the 
Head  Master  may  relax  these  rules  ;  but  in  no  case  may  a  boy 
remain  in  the  school  beyond  the  end  of  the  school  half-year  in 
which  he  attains  the  age  of  nineteen  years.  The  school  half-year 
is  considered  to  end  on  the  loth  of  January,  or  the  loth  of 
August,  as  the  case  may  be. 

The  following  annual  payments  are  to  be  made  by  every 
Commoner  to  his  House-master: — 

I     s.    d. 
School  fees,  board,  and  private  instruction     .        .  112    o    o 

Medical  attendance 220 

Gymnasium i     i    o 

Sanatorium i  to    o 

;^ii6  13    o 


There  is  an  entrance  fee  of  £12. 

Every  scholar  is  required  to  pay  the  annual  sum  of  £21  to  the 
College.  Subject  to  this  payment,  the  scholars  are  maintained 
during  their  residence  at  school  out  of  the  income  of  the  College. 
The  difference  between  this  £21  and  the  sum  of  £116  13s 
paid  by  any  commoner  may  be  described  as  the  pecuniary  value 
of  a  scholarship.  The  charge  of  £21  was  imposed  on  the 
scholars  by  an  order  of  the  Public  Schools  Commissioners,  who 
are  said  to  have  thought  it  desirable  that  the  scholars  should 
pay  something  for  their  education.  However,  the  Governing 
Body  have  power  to  found  any  number  of  minor  exhibitions, 
each  of  the  annual  value  of  £21,  open  to  all  boys  in  the  school 
between  thirteen  and  sixteen  years  of  age.  Whenever  these 
exhibitions  are  founded,  the  holder  of  one,  if  a  scholar,  will  be 


Warden  Barter.  433 

in  the  enjoyment  of  the  free  education  which  Wykeham  con- 
templated and  Dr.  Goddard  endeavoured  to  restore. 

The  regulations  provide  that  there  shall  be  prayers  daily  in 
the  College  chapel,  and  morning  and  evening  services  on  Sun- 
days. Every  boy  is  required  to  attend  these  services,  except 
in  case  of  conscientious  objection,  to  be  stated  in  writing  by  the 
parent  or  guardian  to  the  Head  Master.  The  Holy  Communion 
is  to  be  administered  in  the  chapel  twice  at  least  in  every  term, 
and  every  Sunday  a  sermon  is  to  be  preached  to  the  boys  in  the 
chapel. 

The  holidays  are  to  be  : — 

Not  more  than  three  weeks  in  the  spring. 
Not  more  than  seven  weeks  in  the  summer. 
Not  more  than  five  weeks  at  Christmas. 

The  subjects  of  school  teaching  are  Divinity,  Latin,  Greek, 
French,  German,  English  History,  Geography,  Mathematics, 
Natural  Science,  Drawing,  and  Music.  An  army  class  has  been 
formed.  Any  boy  may,  at  the  desire  of  his  parent  or  guardian, 
be  exempted  from  any  lesson  or  series  of  lessons  on  a  religious 
subject.  There  is  to  be  one  regular  assistant  master  at  least  to 
every  thirty  boys,  and  additional  masters  to  teach  natural  science, 
modern  languages,  music  and  drawing.  There  are  now  twenty- 
five  masters — about  one  to  seventeen  boys,  without  counting 
teachers  of  music  and  drawing. 

So  soon  as  the  income  of  the  College  will  permit,  the  Govern- 
ing Body  may,  if  they  think  fit,  establish  a  subordinate  school 
or  schools  in  connection  with  the  College,  and  may  found  exhi- 
bitions to  be  competed  for  in  such  school  or  schools. 


Ff 


APPENDIX. 


I. 

Roger  de  le  Chambre's  Commission  from  William  of  Wykeham  to 
deliver  to  the  Bishop  of  Rochester  the  Pope's  Bull  authorising 
the  Bishop  to  grant  his  license  to  found  the  College,  Dated 
May  6,  1380. 

Pateat  universis  quod  nos  Willelmus  'de  Wykeham  permissione 
divina  Wynton.  episcopus  dilectum  nobis  in  Christo  Rogerum  de  le 
Chambre  procuratorem  nostrum  et  nuncium  specialem  facimus  et 
constituimus  per  presentes  damusque  et  concedimus  eidem  potestatem 
generalem  et  mandatum  speciale  presentandi  notificandi  et  intimandi 
pro  nobis  et  nomine  nostro  Reverendo  in  Christo  patri  ac  domino 
domino  Thome  dei  gracia  Episcopo  Roffensi  confratri  nostro  caris- 
simo  literas  apostolicas  sanctissimas  in  Christo  patris  et  domini  nostri 
domini  Urbani  Pape  moderni  sibi  directas  per  quas  obtinet  potestatem 
nobis  quoddam  collegium  septuaginta  scolarium  in  grammaticalibus 
studere  debencium  prope  civitatem  Wynton.  instituendi  fundendi  et 
construendi,  domum  et  capellam  pro  eisdem  scolaribus  sub  dictis 
modo  et  forma  licentiam  largiendi,  necnon  faciendi  fidem  eidem 
reverendo  patri  de  et  super  assignacione  dotis  pro  capella  et  susten- 
tacione  scolarium  predictorum  et  supportacione  onerum  eis  incum- 
bencium  juxta  dictarum  literarum  apostolicarum  exigenciam  ac 
tenorem  per  nos  factis  ;  petendi  insuper  ab  eodem  Reverendo  patre 
hujusmodi  collegium  instituendi  domum  et  capellam  predictas  con- 
struendi pariter  et  fundandi  per  ipsum  nobis  licenciam  elargiri,  cetera- 
que  omnia  et  singula  faciendi  exercendi  et  expediendi  que  in  pre- 
missis  vel  circa  ea  necessaria  fuerint  seu  quomodolibet  oportuna.  Et 
promittimus  nos  firmum  ratum  et  gratum  perpetuo  habituros  quicquid 
dictus  procurator  noster  et  nuncius  fecerit  in  premissis  seu  aliquo 
premissorum  sub  obligacione  et  ypotheca  omnium  bonorum  nostro- 
rum,  et  exponimus  cauciones. 

F  f  2 


436  Amials  of  Winchester  College. 

In  cujus  rei  testimonium  sigillum  nostrum  presentibus  est  appen- 
sum.  Dat.  in  manerio  nostro  de  Suthwerke  sexto  die  mensis  Maii 
anno  domini  millesimo  ccc"^"  lxxx°  et  nostre  consecracionis  anno 
duodecimo. 


11. 

License  by  the  Bishop  of  Rochester  to  William  of  Wykeham  to 
found  the  College.  The  Bull  of  Pope  Urban  VI  is  recited 
at  length.     Dated  May  9,  1380. 

Venerabili  in  Christo  patri  ac  domino  domino  Willelmo  Dei  graciS 
episcopo  Wynton.  Thomas  permissione  divina  Roffensis  episcopus 
delegatus  sive  executor  unicus  ad  infrascripta  a  sede  apostolicS 
specialiter  deputatus  salutem  in  omnium  salvatore.  Literas  sanctis- 
simi  in  Christo  patris  et  domini  nostri  domini  Urbani  divina  provi- 
dencia  Pape  sexti  eius  vera  bulla  plumbea  cum  filo  canapio  more 
romane  curie  bullatas  sanas  et  integras  omni  vicio  et  suspicione 
sinistra  carentes  pro  parte  vestra  nobis  presentatas  nuper  recepimus 
tenorem  qui  sequitur  continentes : 

"  Urbanus  episcopus  servus  servorum  dei  venerabili  fratri  episcopo 
Roffensi  salutem  et  apostolicam  benediccionem.  Sincere  devocionis 
affectus  quem  venerabilis  frater  noster  Willelmus  episcopus  Wyn- 
toniensis  ad  nos  et  Romanam  gerit  ecclesiam  promeretur  ut  votis 
suis  illis  presertim  per  que  divinus  cultus  augeri  et  scienciarum 
fructus  salutiferi  ampliari  valeant  salusque  proveniat  animarum 
favorabiliter  annuamus.  Sane  peticio  pro  parte  ipsius  episcopi  nobis 
nuper  exhibita  continebat  quod  ipse  cupiens  terrena  in  celestia  et 
transitoria  in  eterna  felici  commercio  commutare  ac  considerans  quod 
per  literarum  scienciam  justicia  colitur  et  prosperitas  humane  con- 
dicionis  augetur  ad  divini  cultus  augmentacionem  et  dei  gloriam  et 
honorem  ac  pro  sue  et  progenitorum  ac  successorum  et  aliorum 
Christi  fidelium  animarum  salute  de  bonis  per  eum  tam  racione  per- 
sone  sue  quam  intuitu  ecclesie  Wyntoniensis  sibi  commisse  seu  alias 
licite  acquisitis  et  imposterum  acquirendis  quoddam  collegium  septua- 
ginta  pauperum  scolarium  clericorum  qui  collegialiter  vivere  et  in 
grammaticalibus  studere  debeant  prope  civitatem  Wynton.  in  loco  ad 
hoc  congruo  et  honesto  instituere  ac  pro  hujusmodi  collegio  unam 
domum  cum  capella  seu  oratorio  construere  et  fundare  illaque  suffi- 
cienter  dotare  proponit : 

"  Quare  pro  parte  dicti  episcopi  qui,  ut  asserit,  scolaribus  in  gram- 
maticalibus in  eadem  civitate  studencibus  de  bonis  a  deo  sibi  collatis 
pluribus  annis  vite  necessaria  ministravit  nobis  fuit  humiliter  suppli- 


Appendix  II.  437 

catus  ut  sibi  faciendi  premissa  licenciam  concedere  et  ut  comodius  et 
decentius  ipsi  sustentari  valeant  parochialem  ecclesiam  de  Downton 
Sarisburiensi  diocesi  que  de  patronatu  episcopi  Wynton.  pro  tempore 
existentis  existit  mense  ipsius  episcopi  unire  annectere  et  incorporare 
perpetuo  de  benignitate  apostolica  dignaremus  : 

"  Nos  itaque  hujusmodi  supplicacionibus  inclinati  fraternitati  tue 
per  apostolica  scripta  mandamus  quatinus  dote  hujusmodi  pro  capella 
ac  sustentacione  scolarium  predictorum  et  pro  supportacione  one- 
rum  eis  incumbencium  per  ipsum  episcopum  prius  assignata  eidem 
episcopo  instituendi  hujusmodi  collegium  ac  fundandi  et  constru- 
endi  domum  et  capellam  predictas  auctoritate  nostra  licenciam  largi- 
aris;  ac  postquam  collegium  predictum  institutum  fuerit  predictam 
parochialem  ecclesiam  eciam  si  disposicioni  apostolice  generaliter 
vel  specialiter  reservata  fuerit  cum  omnibus  juribus  et  pertinen- 
ciis  suis  prefate  mense  episcopali  auctoritate  predicta  perpetuo 
unias  incorpores  et  annectas  :  ita  quod  cedente  vel  decedente  Rectore 
ipsius  parochialis  ecclesie  seu  illam  alias  dimittente  liceat  episcopo 
Wyntoniensi  pro  tempore  existente  licencia  cuiuscunque  super  hoc 
minime  requisita  corporalem  possessionem  eiusdem  ecclesie  auctori- 
tate propria  per  se  vel  alium  vel  alios  libere  apprehendere  et  eciam 
retinere  fructusque  redditus  et  proventus  eiusdem  ecclesie  recipere  et 
habere,  reservata  tamen  de  dictis  fructibus  ad  tuum  arbitrium  con- 
grua  porcione  assignanda  perpetuo  vicario  in  eadem  ecclesia  insti- 
tuendo  et  inibi  Domino  servituro  ex  qua  idem  vicarius  congrue 
valeat  sustentari  jura  episcopalia  solvere  et  alia  sibi  incumbencia 
onera  supportare : 

"Volumus  autem  quod  episcopus  et  successores  predicti  hujus- 
modi fructus  redditus  et  proventus  in  sustentacionem  scolarium  pre- 
dictorum et  alias  in  ipsorum  et  eiusdem  collegii  utilitatem  et  onerum 
supportacionem  perpetuo  convertere  teneantur,  non  obstantibus  con- 
stitucionibus  apostolicis  contrariis  quibuscunque,  seu  si  aliqui  super 
provisionibus  sibi  faciendis  de  hujusmodi  parochialibus  ecclesiis  aut 
aliis  beneficiis  ecclesiasticis  in  illis  partibus  generales  vel  speciales 
apostolice  sedis  vel  legatorum  ejus  literas  impetraverint,  eciam  si  per 
eas  ad  inhibicionem  reservacionem  et  decretum  vel  alias  quomodoli- 
bet  sit  processum,  quas  quidem  literas  et  processus  earum  auctoritate 
habitos  et  habendos  quoad  dictam  parochialem  ecclesiam  volumus  non 
extendi,  sed  nullum  per  hoc  eis  quoad  assecucionem  parochialium 
ecclesiarum  et  beneficiorum  aliorum  prejudicium  generari,  seu  quibus- 
libet  privilegiis  indulgenciis  et  Uteris  apostolicis  generalibus  vel 
specialibus  quorumcunque  tenorum  existant  per  que  presentibus  non 
expressa  vel  totaliter  non  inserta  effectus  eorum  impediri  valeat 
quomodolibet  vel  differri  et  de  quibus  quorumque  totis  tenoribus 
habenda  sit  in  nostris  Uteris  mencio  specialis. 

"  Nos  enim  ex  nunc  irritum  decernimus  et  inane  si  secus  super  his 


438  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

a  quoquam  quavis  auctoritate  scienter  vel  ignoranter  contigerit  at- 
temptari. 

"  Dat.  Rome  apud  sanctum  Petrum  kalend.  Junii  pontificatus  nostri 
anno  primo." 

Post  quam  quidem  literarum  apostolicarum  recepcionem  per  partem 
vestram  debite  fuimus  requisiti  quatinus  quoddam  collegium  perpe- 
tuum  septuaginta  scolarium  de  quo  superius  fit  mencio  instituendi  ac 
fundandi  et  construendi  domum  et  capellam  pro  hujusmodi  collegio 
dote  juxta  formam  dictarum  literarum  apostolicarum  primitus  assig- 
nata  licentiam  largiremur. 

Nos  igitur  Episcopus  Roffensis  delegatus  sive  executor  ecclesie 
apostolice  antedictus  volentes  prefatas  literas  apostolicas  et  contenta 
in  eisdem  juxta  significacionem  nobis  in  ea  parte  factam  debite  exequi 
ut  tenemur  invenientes  quod  dote  hujusmodi  pro  dicta  capella  ac 
sustentacione  septuaginta  scolarium  predictorum  et  supportacione 
onerum  eis  incumbencium  juxta  exigenciam  dictarum  literarum  apo- 
stolicarum per  vos  primitus  assignata  fuisse  servatis  in  hac  parte  de 
jure  servandis  ipsam  dotem  per  vos  ut  premittitur  pro  capella  supra- 
dicta  et  sustentacione  septuaginta  scolarium  de  quibus  in  dictis  Uteris 
apostolicis  fit  mencio  nee  non  pro  supportacione  onerum  eis  incum- 
bencium fuisse  et  esse  in  ea  parte  debite  assignatam  pronunciamus 
decernimus  ac  etiam  declaramus ;  Vobisque  Reverendo  patri  domino 
Willelmo  episcopo  Wynton.  supradicto  instituendi  hujusmodi  colle- 
gium septuaginta  scolarium  ac  ftmdandi  et  construendi  domum  et 
capellam  pro  hujusmodi  collegio  auctoritate  apostolica  nobis  commissa 
qua  ftingimur  in  hac  parte  secundum  omnem  vim  formam  et  effectum 
literarum  apostolicarum  predictarum  licenciam  elargimur :  alia  vero 
omnia  et  singula  in  eisdem  Uteris  apostolicis  contenta  nobis  com- 
missa faciendi  expediendi  et  exequendi  nobis  specialiter  reservantes. 

In  quorum  omnium  fidem  et  testimonium  has  literas  nostras 
patentes  sigilli  nostri  appensione  ac  signo  et  subscripcione  notarii 
nostri  publici  apostolici  infrascripta  fecimus  communiri. 

Dat.  et  act.  in  magna  capella  intra  castrum  de  Guynes  Moryn. 
diocesi  anno  ab  incarnacione  Domini  secundum  cursum  et  computa- 
cionem  ecclesie  Anglicane  millesimo  trescentesimo  octogesimo  indic- 
cione  tercia  pontificatus  sanctissimi  patris  nostri  domini  Urbani  Pape 
sexti  supradicti  anno  tercio  mensis  Maii  die  nona  presentibus  discretis 
viris  domino  Johanne  Wotton  presbytero,  Johanne  Fynchyngfeld, 
Simone  Waterden  Dublinen.  Roffen.  et  Norwycen.  dioc.  et  aliis 
testibus  ad  premissa  vocatis  specialiter  et  rogatis. 

Et  ego  Robertus  de  Granow  clericus  Lincoln,  dioc.  publicus  auc- 
toritate apostolica  et  imperiali  notarius  prefatique  Reverendi  patris 
et  domini  delegati  sive  executoris  predicti  notarius  et  scriba  premissis 
omnibus  et  singulis  que  per  ipsum  Reverendum  patrem  Anno 
Domini  Indiccione  Pontificatu  mense  die  et  loco  predictis  agebantur 


Appendix  III.  439 

et  fiebant,  et  dum  sic  ut  suprascribuntur  agerent  et  fierent  una  cum 
prenominatis  testibus  personaliter  presens  interfui  eaque  sic  fieri  vidi 
et  audivi  aliisque  variis  officii  mei  occupatus  negociis  per  alium  scribi 
feci  meque  hie  subscripsi  et  publicavi  signum  eciam  meum  pre- 
sentibus  apposui  consuetum  rogatus  et  requisitus  in  fidem  et  testi- 
monium eorundem. 

Et  ego  Johannes  dictus  de  Swaflfham  clericus  Norwicens.  dioc. 
pubhcus  auctoritate  apostoHca  notarius  premissis  omnibus  et  singulis 
per  dictum  Reverendum  patrem  dominum  delegatum  sive  execu- 
torem  predictum  factis  habitis  atque  gestis  et  dum  sic  ut  superius 
recitatur  agerentur  et  fierent  una  cum  discrete  viro  magistro  Roberto 
de  Granow  notario  et  testibus  supradictis  anno  domini  Indiccione 
Pontificatu  mense  die  et  loco  prescriptis  personaliter  presens  interfiii 
eaque  sic  fieri  vidi  et  audivi  et  me  hie  subscripsi  ac  signum  meum 
presentibus  apposui  consuetum  rogatus  in  testimonium  promissorum. 
Et  constat  michi  Johanni  de  Swaflfham  notario  supradicto  de  inter- 
lineacione  in  verbo  "  fiiisse  "  quod  approbo  ego  notarius  antedictus. 


III. 

Royal  License  to  found  the  College.    Dated  October  6,  6  Ric.  II 

{A.D.  1382). 

RiCARDUS  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dominus  Hibemie 
omnibus  ad  quos  presentes  litere  pervenerint  salutem.  Sciatis  quod 
de  gracia  nostra  speciali  et  ad  supplicacionem  venerabilis  in  Christo 
patris  Willelmi  de  Wykeham  Episcopi  Wynton.  concessimus  et 
licenciam  dedimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  quantum  in  nobis 
est  dilectis  nobis  in  Christo  Priori  et  Conventui  Sancti  Swithuni 
Wynton,  quod  ipsi  unum  mesuagium  unam  acram  terre  et  dimidiam 
et  tres  acras  prati  cum  pertinenciis  in  Soka  Wynton.  juxta  civitatem 
Winton. ;  Et  Thome  Tanner  de  Soka  Wynton.  quod  ipse  unum 
mesuagium  cum  pertinenciis  in  eadem  Soka;  et  Thome  Lavyngton 
quod  ipse  unum  mesuagium  cum  pertinenciis  in  Soka  predicta  que 
deprefato  Episcopo  ut  de  Episcopatu  suo  Wynton.  tenenturut  dicitur 
dare  possint  et  concedere  prefato  Episcopo ;  Habenda  et  tenenda 
eidem  Episcopo  et  successoribus  suis  de  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  per 
servicia  inde  debita  et  consueta  inperpetuum ;  et  quod  dictus 
Episcopus  habita  inde  plena  et  pacifica  seisina  quoddam  collegium 
sive  quandam  domum  vel  aulam  ad  honorem  et  gloriam  Dei  ac 
gloriose  virginis  Marie  matris  ejus  et  augmentacionem  divini  servicii 
tarn  in  dictis  mesuagiis  terra  et  prato  cum  pertinenciis  et  super  ea, 
quam  in  aliis  tribus  mesuagiis  in  dicta  Soka  juxta  dictam  civitatem 


440  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Wynton.  et  super  ea,  que  quidem  alia  tria  mesuagia  cum  pertinenciis 
dictus  Episcopus  jam  tenet  ut  parcellam  temporalium  EpiscopatQs 
sui  Wynton.  fundare  eidemque  coUegio  domui  sive  aule  quoddam 
certum  nomen  imponere  et  tribuere  ;  et  ibidem  quemdam  Custodem 
et  numerum  sexaginta  et  decern  pauperum  scolarium  studencium  in 
gramatica  juxta  voluntatem  prefati  Episcopi  et  ordinacionem  suam  in 
hac  parte  faciendam  ordinare  et  stabilire  :  et  tarn  dicta  tria  messuagia 
unam  acram  terre  et  dimidiam  et  tres  acras  prati  sic  adquirenda  cum 
pertinenciis  quam  dicta  alia  tria  mesuagia  cum  pertinenciis  que 
predictus  Episcopus  jam  tenet  dare  possit  et  assignare  prefatis  custodi 
et  scolaribus,  habenda  et  tenenda  sibi  et  successoribus  suis  pro  mora 
et  inhabitacione  eorundem  de  predicto  Episcopo  et  ejus  successoribus 
in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemosinam  imperpetuum.  Et  pre- 
fatis Custodi  et  scolaribus  quod  ipsi  omnia  predicta  mesuagia  terram  et 
pratum  cum  pertinenciis  de  predicto  Episcopo  recipere  et  tenere  pos- 
sint  dictis  custodi  et  scolaribus  et  eorum  successoribus  imperpetuum  sic 
ut  predictum  est  tenore  presentium  similiter  licenciam  dedimus  specia- 
lem,  Statuto  de  terris  et  tenementis  ad  manum  mortuam  non  ponendis 
edito,  seu  eo  quod '  dicta  tria  mesuagia  una  acra  terre  et  dimidia  et  tres 
acre  prati  sic  adquirenda  de  dicto  Episcopatu  tenentur,  seu  eo  quod 
dicta  alia  tria  mesuagia  cum  pertinenciis  sunt  parcella  temporalium 
Episcopatus  predicti,  qui  quidem  Episcopatus  de  nostro  patronatu  et 
fundacione  progenitorum  nostrorum  quondam  regum  Anglie  existit, 
non  obstantibus  :  nolentes  quod  prefati  prior  et  conventus  vel  eorum 
successores  aut  prefati  Thomas  et  Thomas  vel  eorum  heredes  seu 
dictus  episcopus  vel  successores  sui  aut  prefati  Custos  et  scolares  seu 
eorum  successores  ratione  statuti  predicti  aut  aliquorum  aliorum  pre- 
missorum  per  nos  vel  heredes  nostros  seu  ministros  nostros  vel 
heredum  nostrorum  quorumcunque  inde  occasionentur  molestentur  in 
aliquo  seu  graventur.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  has  literas  nostras 
fieri  fecimus  patentes.  Teste  me  ipso  apud  Westmonasterium  sexto 
die  Octobris  anno  regni  nostri  sexto. 

IV. 

The  Founder's  Charter.     Dated  at  Southwark,  October  20,  1382. 

Universis  sancte  matris  ecclesie  filiis  ad  quos  presentes  litere  nos- 
tre  pervenerint  Willelmus  de  Wykeham  permissione  divina  Wynton- 
iensis  episcopus  salutem  in  Eo  qui  est  omnium  vera  salus.  Gloriosis- 
simus  et  omnipotens  deus  noster  eterni  triumphator  imperii  qui  sua 
potencia  ineffabili  et  celestis  disposicione  consilii  nos  ab  utero  matris 
nostre  in  banc  vallem  miserie  producere  dignatus  est  miserum  atque 

»  The  fact  that. 


Appendix  IV.  441 

nudum  nos  etiam  licet  immeritos  qui  nonnunquam  ponit  humiles  in 
sublimi  sua  prudencia  infallibili  et  gracie  ubertate  amplis  ditavit 
honoribus  et  ultra  condignum  ad  gradus  et  dignitates  varies  sublim- 
avit.  Haec  nempe  interna  meditacione  pensantes  quoddam  collegium 
perpetuum  septuaginta  pauperum  scolarium  clericorum  in  Theologia 
Canonico  et  Civili  Juribus  et  in  Artibus  in  Universitate  Oxonie 
studere  debencium  nuper  ereximus  ac  fundavimus  Domino  concedente 
ad  laudem  gloriam  et  honorem  nominis  Crucifixi  ac  gloriosissime 
Marie  virginis  matris  sue.  Verum  quia  prout  magistra  rerum  experi- 
encia  edocet  manifeste  grammatica  fundamentum  janua  et  origo 
omnium  liberalium  artium  aliarum  existit  sine  qua  artes  hujusmodi 
sciri  non  possunt  nee  ad  earum  prosecutionem  quisquam  poterit  per- 
venire  ;  Considerantes  preterea  quod  per  literarum  scienciam  justicia 
colitur  et  prosperitas  humane  condicionis  augetur  quodque  nonnulli 
studentes  m  scienciis  aliis  propter  defectum  bone  doctrine  sufficientis 
etiam  latine  in  grammatica  in  deficiendi  plerumque  incidunt  periculum 
ubi  proficiendi  posuerant  appetitum.  Sunt  etiam  et  erunt  in  posterum 
ut  creditur  plerique  scolares  pauperes  disciplinis  scolasticis  insisten- 
tes  defectum  pecuniarum  et  indigenciam  pacientes  quibus  ad  con- 
tinuandum  et  proficiendum  in  arte  grammatica  supradicta  prope  non 
suppetunt  facultates  nee  suppetent  in  futurum.  Hujusmodi  scolaribus 
clericis  pauperibus  et  indigentibus  presentibus  et  futuris  ut  literarum 
studio  immorari  seu  vacare  ac  in  facultate  et  sciencia  grammaticali 
predicta  per  dei  graciam  uberius  et  liberius  proficere  valeant  et  ad 
sciencias  seu  artes  liberales  fiant  ut  expedit  aptiores  ad  omnium 
scienciarum  facultatum  et  artium  liberalium  titulum  ampliandum  ac 
studencium  et  proficiencium  in  eisdem  quantum  in  nobis  est  numerum 
dilatandum  de  facultatibus  et  bonis  nobis  a  Deo  coUatis  sub  forma 
proponimus  infrascripta  divina  nobis  assistente  clemencia  manus 
nostras  apponere  adjutrices  et  caritatis  subsidium  impartiri. 

Ea  propter  nos  Willelmus  de  Wykeham  Wintoniensis  Episcopus 
antedictus  diversa  mesuagia  terras  et  pratum  cum  pertinenciis  in 
Soka  Wyntonie  nostra  Wynton.  diocesi  et  prope  ipsam  civitatem  de 
licencia  Illustrissimi  Principis  et  domini  nostri  domini  Ricardi  se- 
cundi  Regis  Anglie  et  Francie  adquisivimus  nobis  et  successoribus 
nostris  Episcopis  Wynton.,  videlicet  de  priore  et  conventu  sancti 
Swithuni  Wynton.  unum  mesuagium  unam  acram  terre  et  dimidiam  et 
tres  acras  prati  cum  pertinenciis  in  Soka  Wyntonie  et  juxta  civitatem 
Wyntonie  ;  De  Thoma  Tannere  de  Soka  Wynton.  unum  mesuagium 
cum  pertinenciis  in  eadem  Soka;  et  de  Thoma  Lavyngton  unum 
mesuagium  cum  pertinenciis  in  Soka  predicta  :  In  et  super  quibus 
tribus  mesuagiis  terra  et  prato  cum  pertinenciis  sic  per  nos  ut  pre- 
mittitur  adquisitis  necnon  in  et  super  tribus  aliis  mesuagiis  cum 
pertinenciis  in  dicta  Soka  juxta  civitatem  Wynton.  supradictam  que 
nos  ut  parcellam  temporalium  episcopatus  nostri  Wynton.  tenemus 


44^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

in  nomine  summe  et  individue  Trinitatis  patris  et  filii  et  spiritOs 
sancti  ad  laudem  gloriam  et  honorem  nominis  Crucifix!  gloriosissime 
virginis  Marie  matris  ejus  gloriosorumque  patronorum  ecclesie 
nostre  Wynton.  beatorum  apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli  beatorumque 
Birini,  Edde,  Swithiuni  et  Athelwoldi  ejusdem  ecclesie  Wynton. 
confessorum  et  pontificum,  sustentacionemque  et  exaltationem  fidei 
Christiane  ecclesieque  profectum  et  honorem  cultus  divini  artiumque 
scienciarum  liberalium  et  facultatum  hujusmodi  incrementum  gratum 
per  hoc  deo  obsequium  prestare  sperantes  de  licencia  et  auctoritate 
sedis  apostolice  dote  per  nos  primitus  assignata  juxta  formam  litera- 
rum  apostolicarum  in  hac  parte  concessarum  necnon  de  licencia  dicti 
domini  nostri  Regis  illustrissimi  concurrentibusque  omnibus  aliis  et 
singulis  in  ea  parte  de  jure  seu  alias  quomodolibet  requisitis  quoddam 
collegium  perpetuum  pauperum  scolarium  clericorum  prope  civitatem 
Wynton.  predictam  realiter  et  effectualiter  instituimus  fundamus 
stabilimus  ac  etiam  ordinamus  : 

Quod  quidem  collegium  consistere  volumus  imperpetuum  atque 
debet  in  et  de  numero  septuaginta  pauperum  et  indigencium  scolarium 
clericorum  collegialiter  vivencium  in  eodem,  studenciumque  et  pro- 
fisciscencium  in  grammaticalibus  sive  in  arte  facultate  seu  sciencia 
grammatical!  per  dei  graciam  temporibus  perpetuis  duraturum ; 
volentesque  institucionem  fundacionem  et  ordinacionem  dicti  nostri 
collegii  ulterius  efFectui  mancipare  magistrum  Thomam  de  Cranle  in 
Theologia  Bacalaureum  virum  providum  et  discretum  in  spiritualibus 
et  temporalibus  circumspectum  ac  moribus  et  sciencia  approbatum 
ejusdem  nostri  collegii  preficimus  in  custodem ;  septuagintaque 
pauperes  et  indigentes  scolares  clericos  in  grammaticalibus  sive  in 
arte  facultate  seu  sciencia  grammatical!  studere  debentes  admittimus 
ipsosque  eidem  custod!  jungimus  ;  et  in  eodem  nostro  collegio  realiter 
ponimus  ac  eosdem  collegialiter  aggregamus,  quorum  scolarium 
clericorum  nomina  in  munimentis  dicti  nostri  collegii  plenius  sunt 
scripta ;  et  volentes  eidem  nostro  collegio  nomen  imponere,  prout 
decet,  ipsum  Sancte  Marie  Collegium,  vulgariter  '  Seinte  Marie 
College  of  Wynchestre,'  nominamus  ac  etiam  nuncupamus  et  illud 
eodem  nomine  seu  nuncupacione  volumus  imperpetuum  nominar!  ac 
etiam  nuncupari ; 

Archamque  sive  cistam  communem  dictis  custod!  et  scolaribus 
clericis  in  eodem  nostro  collegio  collegialiter  ut  premittitur  aggregatis 
damns  tradimus  ac  etiam  assignamus ; 

Statuimus  etiam  ordinamus  et  volumus  quod  dicti  custos  et  scolares 
cleric!  ac  alii  futuris  temporibus  loco  ipsorum  pro  perpetuo  in  eodem 
nostro  collegio  assumendi  tanquam  persone  collegiales  et  collegiate 
simul  conversentur  ac  in  eodem  collegialiter  stent  et  vivant ; 

Scolares  insuper  predictos  presentes  et  futures  omnes  et  singulos 
ac  ceteros  officiarios  et  ministros  quoscunque  eidem  nostro  collegio 


Appendix  IV.  443 

necessaries  sub  custodia  disposicione  et  regimine  dicti  custodis  et 
successorum  suorum  custodum  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  volumus  et 
disponimus  pro  perpetuo  permanere  juxta  statuta  et  ordinaciones 
nostri  coUegii  memorati ; 

Quodque  custos  et  scolares  dicti  coUegii  et  successores  eorundem 
custodis  et  scolarium  clericorum  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  omnes  et 
singuli  eciam  suis  successivis  temporibus  omnia  et  singula  statuta  et 
ordinaciones  nostras  hujusmodi  imperpetuum  observent  et  teneant  in- 
concusse  et  ad  omnia  singula  statuta  et  ordinaciones  premissa  bene 
integre  et  fideliter  in  omnibus  tenenda  et  inviolabiliter  observanda 
predicti  custos  et  successores  sui  in  eorum  profeccione  tactis  sacro- 
sanctis  evangeliis  corporale  teneantur  et  prestare  debeant  juramen- 
tum ; 

Eisdemque  custodi  et  scolaribus  clericis  et  eorum  successoribus  im- 
perpetuum in  hac  nostra  primaria  fundacione  ejusdem  collegii  nostri 
damns  et  concedimus  ac  present!  carta  nostra  confirmamus  omnia 
predicta  mesuagia  terram  et  pratum  cum  omnibus  suis  pertinenciis 
tenenda  et  possidenda  videlicet  communiter  et  in  communi  eisdem 
custodi  et  scolaribus  clericis  et  successoribus  eorundem  pro  mora  et 
inhabitacione  suis  in  collegio  nostro  predicto  de  nobis  et  successoribus 
nostris  episcopis  Wynton.  in  liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemosinam 
imperpetuum  libere  integre  pacifice  pariter  et  quiete  ; 

Tenore  tamen  presentium  ulterius  ordinandi  et  statuendi  scolaribus 
et  clericis  dicti  nostri  collegii  regulas  vite  scolastice  et  artium  scolas- 
ticorum  directivas,  faciendique  et  edendi  statuta  et  ordinaciones 
de  et  super  regimine  gubernacione  ac  statu  ipsius  nostri  collegii 
et  personarum  ejusdem  eisdemque  regulis  ordinacionibus  et  statutis 
addendi  et  diminuendi  ipsaque  omnia  et  singula  in  parte  vel  in  toto 
mutandi  interpretandi  et  etiam  declarandi  nobis  dumtaxat  potestatem 
plenam  et  liberam  reservamus. 

In  quorum  omnium  testimonium  atque  fidem  presentes  literas 
nostras  per  notarium  publicum  infrascriptum  scribi  et  publicari  man- 
davimus  nostrique  sigilli  appensione  fecimus  communiri.  Dat  et 
act.  in  capella  infra  manerium  nostrum  de  Suthwerk  nostre  Wynton- 
iensi  diocesi  anno  ab  Incarnacione  domini  secundum  computacionem 
ecclesie  anglicane  millesimo  trescentesimo  octogesimosecundo  Indic- 
cione  sexta  pontificatus  sanctissimi  in  Christo  patris  et  domini  nostri 
domini  Urbani  divina  providencia  pape  sexti  anno  quinto  mensis 
Octobris  die  vicesima  anno  regni  Regis  Ricardi  secundi  post  con- 
questum  sexto  et  nostre  consecrationis  anno  sexto  decimo:  presentibus 
venerabilibus  et  discretis  viris  magistris  Johanne  de  Bloxham 
Archidiacono  Wynton.,  Johanne  de  Bukyngham  Eboracen.,  Johanne 
de  Lydford  Exoniens.,  et  Johanne  de  Campeden  Suthwellens, 
ecclesiarum  canonicis  et  aliis  testibus  ad  premissa  vocatis  specialiter 
et  rogatis. 


444  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Et  ego  Johannes  Ware  clericus  London,  dioc.  publicus  auctoritate 
apostolica  notarius  supradicti  collegii  septuaginta  pauperum  scolarium 
clericorum  prope  civitatem  Wynton.  in  grammaticalibus  studere 
debencium  institucioni  ac  fundacioni  prefeccioni  nominacioni  conces- 
sion! confirmacioni  et  reservacioni  ceterisque  omnibus  et  singulis  que 
per  dictum  Reverendum  patrem  dominum  Willelmum  dei  gracia 
episcopum  Wynton.  Anno  domini  Indiccione  pontificatu  mense  dia 
et  loco  superius  recitatis  agebantur  et  fiebant  una  cum  prenominatis 
testibus  personaliter  presens  interfui  eaque  omnia  sic  fieri  vidi  et 
audivi  ac  de  mandato  dicti  Reverendi  patris  per  alium  scribi  feci 
publicavi  et  in  banc  publicam  formam  redigendo  presentes  quoque 
literas  meis  nomine  et  signo  solitis  et  consuetis  signavi  rogatus  et 
requisitus  in  fidem  et  testimonium  omnium  premissorum.  Et  constat 
etiam  michi  notario  predicto  de  rasura  illius  verbi  'numero  '  in  sexta- 
decima  linea  presentis  instrumenti  a  capite  eiusdem  computando ; 
quam  rasuram  approbo  ego  notarius  supradictus. 

Et  ego  Johannes  dictus  de  Swaffham  clericus  Norwic.  dioc.  publicus 
auctoritate  apostolica  notarius  prefati  collegii  septuaginta  clericorum 
scolarium  prope  civitatem  Wynton.  in  grammaticalibus  studere  de- 
bencium institucioni  ac  fundacioni  ejusdemque  custodis  predicti 
prefeccioni  et  nominacioni  concessioni  confirmacioni  ac  reservacioni 
ceterisque  omnibus  et  singulis  que  per  dictum  reverendum  patrem 
dominum  Willelmum  de  Wykeham  dei  gracia  Episcopum  Wynton. 
Anno  domini  Indiccione  Pontificatu  mense  die  et  loco  superius 
recitatis  agebantur  et  fiebant,  et  dum  ipsa  sic  ut  superscribuntur 
agerentur  et  fierent  una  cum  discretis  viris  magistro  Johanne  Ware 
notario  publico  et  testibus  prenominatis  personaliter  presens  interfui 
eaque  omnia  et  singula  sic  fieri  vidi  et  audivi  ac  signum  meum  me 
pariter  subscribendo  presentibus  apposui  consuetum  per  dictum 
reverendum  patrem  requisitus  in  fidem  et  testimonium  premissorum. 
Et  constat  michi  notario  antedicto  de  rasura  in  verbo  '  numero '  in 
sextadecima  linea  istius  instrumenti  ab  ipsius  caput  computando, 
quam  rasuram  approbo  ego  notarius  supradictus. 


V. 

The  Prior  and  Convent  of  St.  Swithun  to  William  of  Wykeham. 
Dated  October  lo,  6  Ric.  II  {A.D.  1382). 

SciANT  presentes  et  futuri  quod  nos  Prater  Hugo  de  Basynge 
Prior  ecclesie  cathedralis  sancte  Swithuni  Wynton.  et  ejusdem  loci 
conventus  dedimus  concessimus  et  hac  presenti  carta  nostra  confir- 
mavimus  Venerabili  in  Christo  Patri  ac  domino  domino  Willelmo  de 


Appendix  VI.  445 

Wykeham  dei  gracia  Episcopo  Wynton.  unum  mesuagium  unam 
acram  terre  et  dimidiam  et  tres  acras  prati  cum  pertinenciis  in  Soka 
Wynton.  juxta  civitatem  Wynton.  que  quidem  tres  acre  prati  sunt 
duo  prata  vocata  Dumeresmede  et  Oterburnesmede  et  que  quidem 
mesuagia  terra  et  prata  cum  pertinenciis  jacent  et  extendunt  se  inter 
hospitale  sororum  ecclesie  Sancti  Swithuni  Wynton.  vocatum  Sus- 
trenespitele  in  Soka  Wynton.  et  gardina  et  clausuras  hominum  et 
tenencium  habitancium  in  vico  de  Kyngatestrete  ex  parte  occidentali 
et  gardinum  et  clausuram  fratrum  Carmelitarum  habitancium  in 
eodem  vico  ex  parte  australi  ac  quandam  domum  nostram  vocatam 
le  Garite  que  sita  est  desuper  viam  regiam  et  quandam  semitam 
nostram  que  ducit  a  dicta  dome  nostra  vocata  le  Garite  ex  parte 
orientali  pro  gressu  nostro  versus  manerium  nostrum  de  la  Berton  : 
habendum  et  tenendum  predicta  mesuagia  terram  et  prata  cum  per- 
tinenciis prefato  domino  episcopo  et  successoribus  suis  de  domino 
Rege  et  heredibus  meis  per  servicia  inde  debita  et  consueta  imper- 
petuum.  Et  nos  vero  dictus  Prior  et  conventus  et  successores  nostri 
omnia  predicta  mesuagium  terram  et  prata  cum  pertinenciis  prefato 
domino  episcopo  et  successoribus  contra  omnes  gentes  warantiza- 
bimus  imperpetuum.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  huic  presenti  carte 
nostre  sigillum  nostrum  commune  apposuimus.  Dat.  Wynton.  in 
domo  nostra  capitulari  decimo  die  mensis  Octobris  Anno  regni  Regis 
Ricardi  post  conquestum  sexto. 


VI. 

Thomas  Tanner  to  William  of  Wykeham.      Dated  October  13, 
6  Ric.  II  {A.D.  1382). 

SciANT '  presentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Thomas  Tannere  de  SokS 
Wynton.  de  licencia  domini  Regis  dedi  concessi  et  hac  presenti  carta 
mea  confirmavi  Reverendo  in  Christo  fratri  ac  domino  domino 
Willelmo  de  Wykeham  episcopo  Wynton.  totum  mesuagium  meum 
cum  pertinenciis  apud  le  Floudestoke  in  Soka  Wynton.  situm  inter 
mesuagium  Johannis  Oxenford  ex  parte  occidentali  et  Prioresgaret 
ex  parte  orientali  et  pratum  vocatum  Dumeresmede  ex  parte  australi : 
habendum  et  tenendum  totum  predictum  mesuagium  cum  omnibus 
suis  pertinenciis  prefato  episcopo  et  successoribus  suis  libere  quiete 
bene  et  in  pace  inperpetuum  de  capitalibus  dominis  feodi  illius  per 
servicia  inde  debita  et  de  jure  consueta.      Et  ego  vero  predictus 

*  This  and  the  next  charter  are  g;ood  examples  of  an  ordinary  purchase-deed 
of  the  14th  century. 


44^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Thomas  et  heredes  mei  totum  predictum  mesuagium  cum  omnibus 
et  singulis  suis  pertinenciis  predicto  episcopo  et  successoribus  suis 
contra  omnes  gentes  warantizabimus  et  defendemus  imperpetuum. 
In  cujus  rei  testimonium  huic  present!  carte  sigillum  meum  apposui 
his  testibus  :  Thoma  le  Warenner  tunc  ballivo  de  Soka  Wynton., 
Thoma  Lavyngton,  Laurencio  Boscham,  Ricardo  Sutton,  Johanne 
Bromle,  Johanne  Chamberleyn,  Johanne  Herleston,  et  aliis.  Dat.  in 
Soka  Wynton.  terciodecimo  die  mensis  Octob.  Anno  regni  Regis 
Ricardi  secundi  post  conquestum  sexto. 


VII. 

Thomas  Lavyngton  to  IVilliatn  of  IVykeham.     Dated  October  13, 
6  Ric.  II  {A.D.  1382). 

SciANT  presentes  et  futuri  quod  ego  Thomas  Lavyngton  de  Soka 
Wynton.  de  licencia  domini  Regis  dedi  concessi  et  hacpresenti  carta 
mea  confirmavi  Reverendo  in  Christo  patri  ac  domino  Domino 
Willelmo  de  Wykeham  episcopo  Wynton.  totum  mesuagium  meum 
cum  omnibus  pertinenciis  apud  le  Flodestok  in  Soka  Wynton.  quod 
habui  de  dono  et  feoffamento  Antonii  de  Saulton  et  Johanne  uxoris 
ejus  situm  inter  mesuagium  Thome  Tannere  ex  parte  orientali  et 
mesuagium  predictorum  Antonii  et  Johanne  ex  parte  occidental!  et 
gardinum  hospitalis  sancti  Swithuni  Wynton.  ex  parte  australi : 
habendum  et  tenendum  totum  predictum  mesuagium  cum  omnibus 
suis  pertinenciis  prefato  Episcopo  et  successoribus  suis  libere  quiete 
bene  et  in  pace  imperpetuum  de  capitalibus  dominis  feodi  illius  per 
servicia  inde  debita  et  de  jure  consueta.  Et  ego  vero  predictus 
Thomas  et  heredes  mei  totum  predictum  mesuagium  cum  omnibus 
et  singulis  suis  pertinenciis  predicto  Episcopo  et  successoribus  suis 
contra  omnes  gentes  warantizabimus  acquietabimus  et  imperpetuum 
defendemus.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  huic  presenti  carte  sigillum 
meum  apposui  his  testibus  :  Thomas  le  Warenner  tunc  ballivo  de 
Soka  Wynton.,  Laurencio  Boscham,  Johanne  Chamberleyn,  Johanne 
Herleston,  Ricardo  Lyttelton,  et  aliis.  Dat.  in  Soka  Wynton.  tercio- 
decimo die  mensis  Octob.  Anno  regni  Regis  Ricardi  secundi  post 
conquestum  sexto. 


Appendix  VIII.  447 

VIII. 

Indenture  between  the  Founder  and  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  St. 
Swithun.  The  former  gives  hereditaments  at  West  Meon  in 
exchange  for  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  College,  and  the  latter 
agree  that  a  rent  of  13s.  ^d.  per  annum,  payable  to  the  Bishop 
for  the  said  portion  of  the  site,  shall  thenceforward  be  charged 
on  the  hereditaments  at  West  Meon.  Dated  June  15,  6  Ric. 
II  {A.D.  1383). 

Per  presentas  indentatas  cartas  inter  venerabilem  in  Christo 
patrem  ac  dominum  dominum  Willelmum  de  Wykeham  permissione 
divina  Wynton.  Episcopum  ex  una  parte  ac  fratrem  Hugonem  de 
Basynge  Priorem  ecclesie  cathedralis  Sancti  Swithuni  Wynton.  et 
ejusdem  loci  conventum  ex  parte  altera.  Factum  omnibus  innotescat 
quod  cum  idem  Episcopus  de  licencia  domini  Regis  nuper  adquisierit 
sibi  et  successoribus  suis  imperpetuum  de  prefato  priore  et  conventu 
unum  mesuagium  unam  acram  terre  et  dimidiam  et  tres  acras  prati 
in  Soka  Wynton.  juxta  civitatem  Wynton.  que  quidem  mesuagia 
terra  et  pratum  cum  pertinenciis  jacent  et  extendunt  se  inter  hospi- 
tale  sororum  ecclesie  sancti  Swithuni  Wynton.  vocatum  Susterene- 
spitele  in  Soka  Wynton.  et  gardina  et  clausuras  hominum  et  tenen- 
cium  habitancium  in  vico  de  Kyngatestrete  ex  parte  occidentali  et 
gardinum  et  clausuram  fratrum  Carmelitarum  habitancium  in  eodem 
vico  ex  parte  australi  ac  quandam  domum  vocatam  le  Garite  que  sita 
est  desuper  viam  regiam  et  quandam  semitam  domini  Prioris  que 
ducit  a  dicta  domo  vocata  le  Garite  ex  parte  orientali  pro  gressu  dicti 
Prioris  versus  manerium  suum  de  la  Berton  :  et  dicte  tres  acre  prati 
fuerunt  duo  prata  vocata  Dumeresmede  et  Oterbornesmede  de  quo 
quidem  prato  vocato  Dumeresmede  tresdecim  solidate  et  quatuor 
denarate  redditus  annuatim  eidem  Episcopo  de  jure  sui  Episcopates 
ante  predictam  acquisicionem  debebantur  et  decima  prati  predicti 
proposito  capelle  sancte  Elizabethe  juxta  Wynton.  pertinebat :  Ac 
eciam  adquisierit  de  eadem  licencia  unum  mesuagium  cum  pertinen- 
ciis in  eadem  Soka  de  Thoma  Tannere  de  Soka  Wynton.  et  unum 
mesuagium  cum  pertinenciis  in  eadem  Soka  de  Thoma  Lavyngton 
similiter  sibi  et  successoribus  suis  imperpetuum :  Et  cum  idem 
Episcopus  similiter  habuerit  de  suo  proprio  ut  de  jure  sui  episcopa- 
tfts  tria  alia  mesuagia  cum  pertinenciis  in  eadem  Soka  de  quibus  sex 
mesuagiis  tresdecim  solidate  et  una  denarata  redditus  prefatis  Priori 
et  conventui  distribuende,  videlicet  inter  eos  et  diversos  officiarios 
eiusdem  prioratiis  scilicet  elemosinanum  coquinarium  et  infirmarium 
et  alios  hujusmodi  officiarios  secundum  consuetudinem  inter  eos 
hactenus  usitatam    similiter  particulande  debebantur.      In    quibus 


44^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

quidem  mesuagiis  terra  et  pratis  cum  pertinenciis  et  super  ea  quod- 
dam  collegium  sive  aulam  unius  custodis  et  septuaginta  pauperum 
scolarium  studencium  in  grammatica  idem  Episcopus  ordinavit  et 
stabilivit  et  dicta  mesuagia  terram  et  prata  cum  pertinenciis  per 
eandem  licenciam  eisdem  custodi  et  scolaribus  et  successoribus  suis 
pro  mora  et  inhabitacione  suis  imperpetuum  habenda  dederit  et 
assignaverit ;  tenenda  de  prefato  Episcopo  et  successoribus  suis  in 
liberam  puram  et  perpetuam  elemosinam  absque  aliquo  alicui  inde 
reddendo  imperpetuum  ; 

Et  cum  idem  Episcopus  nuper  incluserit  intra  parcum  suum  de 
Farnham  certa  terras  tenementa  boscum  et  pasturam  cum  pertinen- 
ciis unde  viginti  solidate  et  sex  denarate  redditus  dictis  Priori  et 
conventui  prout  antea  debebantur : 

Eo  quia  prefatus  episcopus  precipue  situm  mansionis  collegii 
domus  sive  aule  per  ipsum  sic  fundate  liberum  esse  voluit  et  ab  omni 
onere  absolutum  et  noluit  quod  possessiones  ecclesie  sue  sive  epi- 
scopatus  sui  per  ipsum  aliqualiter  minuantur  sicut  nee  racionabiliter 
hoc  deberet  affectare ;  studensque  quomodo  dictos  redditus  et  alia 
proficua  serviciaque  secundum  porcionem  que  sibi  inde  ut  premittitur 
contingebat  rationabiliter  et  modo  debito  poterat  compensare  petiit 
ea  occasione  a  dicto  domino  Rege  licenciam  quatinus  in  ea  tota  causa 
propter  prolixitatem  materie  specialiter  inseri  non  potuit  in  scripturis, 
optinuitque  quod  idem  episcopus  quatuor  mesuagia  tria  tofta  terre 
quinas  acras  prati  sex  acras  pasture  viginti  quatuor  acras  bosci  un- 
decim  solidatas  redditus  et  redditum  unius  rose  et  servicium  unius 
hominis  per  unum  diem  in  autumpno  in  Westmeones  dare  potuisset  et 
assignare  dictis  Priori  et  Conventui : 

Et  quod  idem  Episcopus  concedere  potuisset  quod  duo  mesuagia 
duo  tofta  sexaginta  et  duodecim  acras  terre  una  acra  prati  una  acra 
bosci  et  tres  solidate  et  sex  denarate  redditus  cum  pertinenciis  in 
eadem  villa  que  Elizabeth  Langrysh  tenet  in  dotem  post  mortem 
Willelmi  atte  Halle  quondam  viri  sui  et  que  post  mortem  ipsius 
Elizabeth  ad  prefatum  episcopum  et  heredes  suos  remanere  debe- 
rent  post  mortem  ipsius  Elizabeth  prefatis  Priori  et  conventui  rema- 
neant :  Habendum  et  tenendum  una  cum  predictis  quatuor  mesuagiis 
tribus  toftis  duabus  carucatis  terre  quinque  acris  prati  sex  acris 
pasture  viginti  quatuor  acris  bosci  undecim  solidatis  redditus  et  red- 
ditu  unius  rose  et  servicio  unius  hominis  per  unum  diem  in  autumpno 
eisdem  Priori  et  Conventui  et  successoribus  suis  imperpetuum  ad 
faciendum  et  inveniendum  omnia  onera  et  soluciones  juxta  ordinacio- 
nem  ipsius  Episcopi  in  hac  parte  faciendam  imperpetuum  ;  que  qui- 
dem terre  et  tenementa  cum  pertinenciis  fuerunt  de  jure  ipsius 
Episcopi  ut  de  suo  perquisite ;  per  quos  idem  episcopus  virtute 
licencie  supradicte  dedit  concessit  et  per  has  cartas  indentatas  con- 
firmavit  dictis  Priori  et  conventui  dicta  quatuor  mesuagia  tria  tofta 


Appendix  VIII.  449 

duas  carucatas  terre  duas  acras  prati  sex  acras  pasture  viginti  quatuor 
acras  bosci  undecim  solidatas  redditQs  et  redditum  unius  rose  et 
servicium  unius  hominis  per  diem  in  autumpno  cum  pertinenciis  in 
Westmeones ;  et  concessit  quod  dicta  duo  mesuagia  duo  tofta  sexa- 
ginta  et  duodecim  acre  terre  una  acra  prati  una  acra  bosci  et  tres 
solidate  et  sex  denarate  redditCis  cum  pertinenciis  in  eadem  villa  que 
predicta  Elizabeth  tenet  in  dotem  ut  premittitur  et  que  post  mortem 
ipsius  Elizabeth  ad  prefatum  Episcopum  et  heredes  suos  reverti  de- 
berent  post  mortem  quidem  Elizabeth  prefatis  Priori  et  conventui 
remaneant :  Habendum  et  tenendum  una  cum  predictis  quatuor 
messuagiis  tribus  toftis  duabus  carucatis  terre  quinque  acris  prati  sex 
acris  pasture  viginti  quatuor  acris  bosci  undecim  solidatis  redditus  et 
redditu  unius  rose  et  servicio  unius  hominis  per  diem  in  autumpno 
eisdem  Priori  et  conventui  et  successoribus  suis  de  capitalibus  domi- 
nis  feodi  per  servicia  inde  debita  et  consueta  imperpetuum  :  faciendo 
eciam  et  inveniendo  onera  et  soluciones  subscripta  imperpetuum, 
videlicet  solvendo  Episcopo  Wynton.  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  et  succes- 
soribus suis  imperpetuum  annuatim  tresdecim  solidos  et  quatuor 
denarios  ad  terminos  ad  quos  alii  tresdecim  solidi  et  quatuor  denarii 
supradicti  de  predicto  parco  sibi  prius  solvi  consueverant ;  Solvent 
eciam  et  solvere  tenebuntur  iidem  Prior  et  conventus  et  eorum  suc- 
cessores  annuatim  imperpetuum  dicto  preposito  capelle  Sancte 
Elizabethe  et  successoribus  suis  duos  solidos  ad  festum  Sancti  Petri 
ad  Vincula  in  recompensacionem  tocius  decime  ad  ipsos  pertinentis 
de  toto  prato  supradicto.  Percipient  autem  iidem  Prior  et  conventus 
ad  usum  dicti  Prioris  de  predictis  terris  et  tenementis  in  Westmeones 
annuatim  vigintiquatuor  solidos  et  octo  denarios  in  recompensacio- 
nem valoris  annul  predictorum  terre  et  pratorum  de  eisdem  ut  pre- 
dicitur  adquisitorum  :  Et  eciam  viginti  solidos  et  sex  denarios  in 
recompensacionem  predictorum  aliorum  viginti  solidorum  et  sex 
denariorum  sibi  ut  premittitur  debitorum  de  predictis  terris  et  tene- 
mentis boscis  et  pasturis  cum  pertinenciis  infra  parcum  de  Farnham 
ut  premittitur  sic  inclusis  :  Et  tresdecim  solidos  et  unum  denarium 
inter  Elemosinarium  Coquinarium  Infirmarium  et  alios  monachos 
officiarios  eiusdem  Prioratlas  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  distribuendos 
in  forma  qua  predicti  alii  tresdecim  solidi  et  unus  denarius  inter  eos 
distribui  consueverant  ab  antiquo  in  recompensacionem  dictorum 
aliorum  tresdecim  solidorum  et  unius  denarii  de  predictis  sex  mesua- 
giis  cum  pertinenciis  in  dicta  Soka  sibi  prius  ut  premittitur  debi- 
torum. 

Et  predictus  Episcopus  et  heredes  sui  omnia  predicta  mesuagia 
tofta  terram  pratum  pasturam  redditum  et  servicium  cum  pertinen- 
ciis in  Westmeones  prefatis  Priori  et  conventui  et  successoribus 
suis  imperpetuum  contra  omnes  gentes  warantizabunt  in  forma 
predicta. 


45°  Amials  of  Winchester  College. 

In  quorum  omnium  testimonium  Reverendus  pater  dominus  Epi- 
scopus  antedictus  parti  harum  indenturarum  penes  Priorem  et  con- 
ventum  predictos  ac  eorum  successores  remanent!  sigillum  suum 
apposuit,  parti  vero  earundem  indenturarum  penes  dictum  Reveren- 
dum  patrem  ipsiusque  successores  remanenti  Prior  et  conventus 
predicti  sigillum  eorum  commune  similiter  apposuerunt. 

Data  Wjmton.  in  domo  capitulari  ecclesie  cathedralis  predicte 
quintodecimo  die  mensis  Junii  anno  regni  Regis  Ricardi  secundi 
post  conquestum  sexto. 


IX. 

Royal  License  to  acquire  Property  of  the  sequestrated  alien 
Priories  to  the  value  of  200  marks  per  annum.  Dated 
June  16,  12  Ric.  II  {A.D.  1389). 

RiCARDus  Dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dominus  Hibernie 
Omnibus  ad  quos  presentes  litere  pervenerint  salutem.  Sciatis  quod 
cum  venerabilis  pater  Willelmus  de  Wykeham  Episcopus  Wynto- 
niensis  unum  Collegium  in  Soka  Wynton.  juxta  civitatem  Wynton. 
vocatum  '  Seinte  Marie  College  of  Wynchestre '  de  quodam  custode  et 
septuaginta  pauperibus  scolaribus  studencibus  in  grammatica  de 
licencia  nostra  fundaverit  perpetuis  temporibus  duraturum :  Nos 
considerantes  fructum  multiplicem  qui  ex  literarum  sciencia  ad  Dei 
laudem  et  humane  condicionis  prosperitatem  pervenit  et  accrescit  ac 
pie  devocionis  aifectum  quem  idem  Episcopus  ad  gloriam  et  honorem 
nominis  Crucifixi  ac  gloriossisime  Virginis  matris  ejus  sustentacionem 
et  exaltacionem  christiane  fidei  ecclesie  Sancte  Dei  profectum  cultus 
divini  omniumque  arcium  liberalium  scienciarum  et  facultatum  aug- 
mentum,  et  presertim  ad  tocius  ecclesie  regnique  nostri  Anglie 
clerique  eiusdem  perpetuum  fulcimentum  in  fundacione  predicti 
coUegii  habere  dinoscitur  et  merito  comprobatur:  ac  sane  nostris 
oculis  intuentes  quod  pro  salubri  statu  nostro  ac  carissime  consortis 
nostre  Anne  Regine  Angl.  dum  egerimus  in  humanis  et  pro  animabus 
nostris  cum  ab  hac  luce  migraverimus  pro  animabus  quoque  digne 
recolende  memorie  domini  E.  nuper  regis  Anglie  avi  nostri  Philippe 
nuper  Regine  Anglie  consortis  sue  et  domini  Edvardi  eorum  primo- 
geniti  patris  nostri  quorum  memoria  dignis  in  domino  laudibus  est 
omnibus  seculis  merito  recolenda  aliorumque  progenitorum  nostro- 
rum  in  eodem  collegio  ex  speciali  ordinacione  ac  statuto  ipsius 
Episcopi  et  plura  ordinum  suffragia  cotidie  specialiter  celebrantur  et 
imperpetuum  deo  dante  erunt  celebrata  :  Attendentes  preterea  eius- 
dem Episcopi  probitatis  preclara  merita  ac  obsequia  fructuosa  que 
ipse  a  juvenili  etate  tarn  avo  et  patri  nostris  predictis  dum  vixerant 


Appendix  IX.  451 

quam  eciam  nobis  postquam  ad  regale  fastigium  ascendimus  multi- 
pliciter  impendebat  ipsis  et  nobis  in  dicti  regni  et  negociorum  eius- 
dem  operoso  regimine  consiliis  et  auxiliis  oportunis  continue  et 
fideliter  assistendo  maximos  utrobique  sustinendo  labores  pariter  et 
expensas  :  et  premissis  attenta  meditacione  pensatis  ac  aliis  causis 
plurimis  que  animum  nostrum  ad  id  inducunt  necnon  ob  specialem 
affeccionem  quam  ad  personam  ipsius  Episcopi  condignis  ejus  meritis 
gerimus  et  habemus  :  de  gracia  nostra  speciali  ex  mero  motu  nostro 
et  nostra  dicta  sciencia  concessimus  et  licenciam  dedimus  pro  nobis 
et  heredibus  nostris  quantum  in  nobis  est  prefatis  custodi  et  scola- 
ribus  quod  ipsi  prioratus  cellas  terras  tenementa  redditus  ballivas 
officia  pensiones  annuitates  feoda  et  advocaciones  dictarum  cellarum 
ecclesiarum  vicariarum  cantoriarum  et  capellarum  ac  aliarum  pos- 
sessionum  temporalium  et  spiritualium  cum  hundredis  visibus  fran- 
ciplegii  franchesiis  libertatibus  privilegiis  warennis  piscariis  pasturis 
et  communis  et  omnibus  aliis  pertinenciis  de  viris  religiosis  et  aliis 
viris  ecclesiasticis  cujuscunque  status  condicionis  aut  proeminencie 
fuerint  alienigenis  de  potestate  Francie  et  ecclesias  eis  appropriatas 
ac  earundem  ecclesiarum  advocaciones  infra  dictum  regnum  nostrum 
Anglie  usque  ad  valorem  ducentarum  marcarum  per  annum  secun- 
dum taxacionem  decime  que  est  de  recordo  in  Scaccario  nostro 
adquirere  possint :  Habendum  et  tenendum  dicta  prioratus  cellas 
terras  tenementa  redditus  ballivas  officia  pensiones  annuitates  feoda 
advocaciones  et  alias  possessiones  cum  hundredis  visibus  franci- 
plegii  franchesiis  libertatibus  privilegiis  warennis  piscariis  pasturis 
et  communis  et  omnibus  aliis  pertinenciis  prefatis  custodi  et  scola- 
ribus  et  eorum  successoribus  imperpetuum  de  nobis  et  heredibus 
nostris  et  de  aliis  de  quibus  ad  presens  tenentur  in  puram  et  per- 
petuam  elemosinam  : 

Et  quod  dicti  custos  et  scolares  et  eorum  successores  possint  tales 
ecclesias  sic  appropriatas  recipere  et  ecclesias  illas  sibi  appropriare 
et  easdem  ecclesias  cum  omnibus  suis  juribus  et  pertinenciis  habere 
et  tenere  in  proprios  usus  sibi  et  eorum  successoribus  imperpetuum 
adeo  plene  sicut  dicti  religiosi  seu  viri  ecclesiastici  ecclesias  ipsas 
in  proprios  usus  suos  possident  de  present! :  licet  dicta  prioratus 
celle  terre  tenementa  redditus  ballive  officia  pensiones  annuitates 
feoda  advocaciones  ecclesie  et  possessiones  hundreda  visus  franciplegii 
franchesii  libertates  privilegia  warenne  piscarie  pasture  et  commune 
fuerint  de  nostris  patronatu  fundacione  dono  seu  collacione  nostri 
sive  progenitorum  nostrorum  in  liberam  elemosinam  seu  alio  modo 
vel  de  patronatu  fundacione  dono  aut  collacione  alterius  cuiuscunque 
non  obstante  guerra  inter  nos  et  nostrum  adversarium  Francie  et 
nostra  possessione  dictorum  prioratuum  cellarum  terrarum  tene- 
mentorum  reddituum  ballivarum  officiorum  pensionum  annuitatum 
feodorum  advocacionum   et  aliarum   possessionum  temporalium  et 

G  g2 


452  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

spiritualium  ecclesiarum  appropriatarum  hundredorum  visuum  fran- 
ciplegii  franchesiarum  libertatum  privilegiorum  warennorum  piscari- 
orum  pasturarum  et  communarum  sive  ad  firmam  dimissa  fuerint 
sive  non  :  et  non  obstante  statute  de  terris  et  tenementis  ad  manum 
mortuam  non  ponendis  edito  seu  alio  statuto  ordinacione  vel  causa 
quacunque :  et  quod  dicti  custos  et  scolares  et  eorum  successores 
post  adquisiciones  huiusmodi  per  ipsos  factas  quieti  sint  et  exonerati 
imperpetuum  de  omnimodis  redditibus  firmis  pensionibus  annualibus 
corrodiis  solucionibus  et  aliis  omnibus  quibuscunque  nobis  aut 
heredibus  nostris  quoquo  modo  inde  debitis  sive  pertinentibus  aut 
reservatis  vel  reservandis  modo  quocunque. 

In  cujus  rei  testimonium  has  literas  nostras  fieri  fecimus  patentes. 
Teste  me  ipso  apud  Westmonasterium  sextodecimo  die  Junii  anno 
regno  nostri  duodecimo. 


X. 

Charter  of  Privileges.    Dated  Sept.  28,  19  Ric.  II 
{A.D.  1395). 

RiCARDUs  dei  gracia  Rex  Anglie  et  Francie  et  dominus  Hibernie 
archiepiscopis  episcopis  abbatibus  prioribus  ducibus  comitibus  baro- 
nibus  justiciariis  vicecomitibus  prepositis  ministris  et  omnibus  ballivis 
et  fidelibus  suis  salutem.  Sciatis  quod  cum  venerabilis  in  Christo 
pater  Willelmus  de  Wykeham  episcopus  Wyntoniensis  caritatis  etde- 
vocionis  fervore  succensus  quoddam  collegium  unius  custodis  et 
septuaginta  scolarium  grammaticam  addiscentium  in  Soka  Wynton. 
juxta  Wynton., '  Seinte  Marie  College  of  Wynchestre '  juxta  Wynton. 
vulgariter  nuncupatum  nostra  mediante  licencia  de  novo  jam  funda- 
verit,  et  collegium  illud  pro  sustentacione  custodis  et  scolarium  loci 
illius  et  decem  capellanorum  perpetuorum  trium  capellanorum  con- 
ducticiorum  triumque  clericorum  ibidem  ac  supportacione  onerum 
cidem  incumbencium  quibusdam  possessionibus  spiritualibus  et  tem- 
poralibus  dotaverit,  eisdemque  custodi  scolaribus  et  capellanis  et 
successoribus  suis  ac  collegio  predicto  terras  tenementa  ac  posses- 
siones  ampliora  dare  concedere  et  assignare  regia  licencia  optenta 
disposuerit  Domino  concedente ;  Nos  ad  fructum  multiplicem  quem 
persone  literarum  studiis  insistentes  in  augmentum  divini  cultus  et 
fidei  catholice  ac  utilitatem  tam  rei  publice  quam  private  multipliciter 
producere  dinoscuntur  oculos  nostre  mentis  prout  decet  regiam  mag- 
nificentiam  pie  dirigentes ;  cupientesque  laudabile  propositum  ipsius 
episcopi  in  hac  parte  ex  favore  regio  feliciter  promovere  ;  et  ut  operis 
tam  perfecti  meritis  participemur  et  premiis  ex  mero  motu  nostro  ad 
laudem  Dei  ac  gloriose  Virginia  Marie  matris  eius  in  cuius  honore 


Appendix  X.  453 

prcdictum  collegium  fundatur ;  de  gracia  nostra  special!  ac  ob  affec- 
cionem  persone  ipsius  Episcopi  quia  obsequia  fructuosa  nobis  et  regno 
nostro  a  longo  tempore  non  absque  sumptuosis  et  indefessis  laboribus 
sui  corporis  maximo  detrimento  vehementi  diligencia  solerter  et 
fideliter  impendit,  Volentes  collegium  predictum  ad  utilitatem  et 
decorem  eiusdem  ac  tranquillitatem  et  quietem  custodis  scolarium 
et  capellanorum  eiusdem  loci  et  successorum  suorum  oportunis  ful- 
ciri  presidiis  ac  libertatibus  et  immunitatibus  communiri,  concessimus 
pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  et  hac  carta  nostra  confirmavimus 
Custodi  scolaribus  et  capellanis  predicti  collegii  vocati '  Seinte  Marie 
College  of  Wynchestre '  juxta  Wynton.  quod  ipsi  et  eorum  succes- 
sores  et  omnes  homines  et  tenentes  sui  quieti  sint  imperpetuum  de 
theolonio  panagio  pontagio  cariagio  muragio  passagio  paiagio  lastagio 
stallagio  taillagio  pesagio  picagio  terragio  scotto  et  geldo  hidagio 
scutagio  et  de  operacionibus  castrorum  parcorum  et  poncium  clausuris 
facturis  reparacionibus  et  emendacionibus,  domuum  regalium  edifica- 
cione,  necnon  de  sectis  comitatuum  hundredorum  et  wapentachiorum 
et  de  omnimodis  auxiliis  regum  ac  vicecomitum  et  ballivorum  suorum ; 
et  de  visu  franciplegii ;  ac  de  murdro  et  de  communi  misericordia 
quando  contigerit  comitatus  coram  nobis  vel  aliquibus  justiciariis 
nostris  vel  heredum  nostrorum  de  banco  vel  itinerantibus  in  miseri- 
cordiam  nostram  incidere ;  et  de  omni  alia  consuetudine  per  totum 
regnum  et  potestatem  nostram. 

Concessimus  insuper  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  prefatis  Cus- 
todi scolaribus  et  capellanis  quod  ipsi  sint  quieti  imperpetuum  de 
omnibus  et  omnimodis  auxiliis  subsidiis  contribucionibus  quotis  et 
tallagiis  que  ab  ipsis  racione  terrarum  tenementorum  et  reddituum 
aut  bonorum  et  catallorum  suorum  que  nunc  habent  et  ex  nunc  sunt 
habituri  per  nos  vel  heredes  nostros  aut  ballivos  seu  ministros  nostros 
vel  heredum  nostrorum  quoscunque  ad  opus  nostrum  vel  ipsorum 
heredum  nostrorum  exigi  deberent  seu  poterunt  in  futuro.  Et  quod 
quandocunque  clerus  regni  nostri  Anglie  aut  Cantuariensis  pro- 
vincie  per  se  vel  Eboracensis  provincie  per  se  decimam  subsidium 
seu  aliam  quotam  quamcunque  de  bonis  suis  spiritualibus  et  eccle- 
siasticis,  vel  communitates  comitatuum  regni  riostri  aut  cives  seu 
burgenses  civitatum  et  burgorum  dictorum  comitatuum  ipsius  regni 
decimam  quintamdecimam  subsidium  seu  aliam  quotam  quamcunque 
de  bonis  suis  temporalibus  seu  mobilibus  aut  de  terris  tenementis  seu 
rcdditibus  suis  nobis  vel  heredibus  nostris  qualitercunque  conces- 
serint ;  seu  nos  vel  heredes  nostri  dominica  nostra  per  Angliam 
fecerimus  talliari ;  aut  dominus  summus  pontifex  qui  pro  tempore 
fuit  decimam  subsidium  et  imposicionem  seu  quotam  aliam  clero  regni 
predicti  aut  Cantuariensis  vel  Eboracensis  provinciarum  predictarum 
imposuerit  vel  fecerit,  et  eam  vel  aliquam  partem  eiusdem  nobis  vel 
heredibus  nostris  concesserit ;   terra  tenementa  redditus  ac  bona  ct 


454  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

catalla  ipsorum  custodis  scolarium  et  capellanorum  et  successorum 
suorum  quecunque  ad  opus  nostrum  vel  heredum  nostrorum  non 
taxentur  nee  aliquid  de  decimis  quintidecimis  subsidiis  imposicionibus 
aut  aliis  quotis  seu  tallagiis  predictis  quoquo  modo  ad  opus  nostrum 
vel  heredum  nostrorum  levetur  ;  nee  iidem  custos  scolares  et  capel- 
lani  vel  eorum  successores  in  terris  tenementis  redditibus  et  posses- 
sionibus  seu  bonis  suis  predictis  hiis  occasionibus  distringantur 
molestentur  in  aliquo  seu  graventur ;  sed  de  decimis  quintidecimis 
subsidiis  imposicionibus  ac  aliis  quotis  et  tallagiis  huiusmodi  imper- 
petuum  sint  quieti, 

Concessimus  insuper  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  et  hac  carta 
nostra  confirmavimus  prefatis  custodi  scolaribus  et  capellanis  quod 
ipsi  et  successores  sui  imperpetuum  habeant  et  teneant  collegium 
predictum  ac  omnes  domos  et  edificia  que  ibidem  jam  habent  et  ex 
nunc  ipsos  habere  continget  libera  et  quieta  de  liberacione  tam 
seneschallorum  marescallorum  et  aliorum  ministrorum  nostrorum 
et  heredum  nostrorum  quam  marescallorum  emptorum  provisorum 
et  ministrorum  magnatum  regni  nostri  et  aliorum  quorumcunque. 

Ita  quod  senescalli  marescalli  et  alii  ministri  nostri  vel  heredum 
nostrorum  seu  magnatum  aut  aliorum  predictorum  quorumcunque  in 
eisdem  alicubi  liberacionem  aliquam  ad  opus  nostrum  vel  heredum 
nostrorum  seu  alicuius  alterius  non  faciant  quovis  modo.  Et  quod 
nuUus  comes  baro  seu  magnas  dicti  regni  aut  aliunde  vel  senescalli 
marescalli  seu  escaetores  vicecomites  coronatores  aut  alii  ballivi  seu 
ministri  nostri  vel  heredum  nostrorum  seu  ballivi  et  ministri  eorun- 
dem  escaetorum  vicecomitum  et  coronatorum  aut  aliorum  quorum- 
cunque seu  quivis  alius  cuiuscunque  status  vel  condicionis  fuerit 
colore  aliquo  in  eisdem  aut  inhospitentur  vel  morentur :  et  ne  bona 
et  catalla  coUegii  predicti  que  Custos  scolares  et  capellani  loci  illius 
jam  habent  vel  ipsi  aut  successores  sui  sunt  decetero  habituri  per 
provisores  emptores  seu  captores  victualium  aut  aliarum  rerum  pro 
hospicio  nostro  vel  heredum  nostrorum  seu  aliorum  quorumcunque 
capiantur  vel  dissipentur  dictum  collegium  ac  custodem  scolares  et 
capellanos  eiusdem  loci  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  necnon  terras  tene- 
menta  redditus  et  possessiones  eisdem  collegio  custodi  scolaribus  et 
capellanis  jam  collata  et  ex  nunc  eisdem  vel  successoribus  dictorum 
custodis  scolarium  et  capellanorum  conferenda  danda  et  assignanda 
ac  bona  et  catalla  collegii  illius  ubicunque  existencia  in  nostram  pro- 
teccionem  suscepimus  specialem  : 

Volentes  et  concedentes  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  quod  de 
bladis  fenis  equis  carectis  cariagiis  victualibus  aut  aliis  bonis  catallis 
seu  rebus  ipsius  collegii  aut  predictorum  custodis  scolarium  et  capel- 
lanorum vel  successorum  suorum  seu  hominum  serviencium  vel 
ministrorum  suorum  ad  opus  nostrum  vel  heredum  nostrorum  aut 
aliorum  quoruncunque  contra  voluntatem  eorundem  custodis  scola- 


Appendix  XI.  455 

rium  et  capellanorum  seu  successorum  vel  hominum  serviencium  aut 
ministrorum  suorum  per  provisores  seu  emptores  vel  captores  hujus- 
modi  aut  alios  ballivos  seu  ministros  nostros  vel  heredum  nostrorum 
quoscunque  aut  cujuscunque  alterius  quidquam  minime  capiatur  ab- 
ducatur  nee  aliqualiter  asportetur. 

Et  insuper  concessimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nostris  prefatis 
custodi  scolaribus  et  capellanis  quod  ipsi  seu  successores  sui  ad  pen- 
sionem-corrodium  seu  sustentacionem  aliquam  alicui  de  donio  sua 
predicts  aut  aliis  terris  tenementis  redditibus  possessionibus  seu 
rebus  suis  ad  rogatus  vel  mandata  nostra  aut  heredum  nostrorum 
percipiendis  concedenda  ministranda  seu  invenienda  nullatenus 
teneantur  nee  ad  hoc  quomodolibet  compellantur,  sed  de  pensionibus 
corrodiis  et  sustentacionibus  ac  aliis  oneribus  hujusmodi  imperpetuum 
sint  quieti. 

Quare  volumus  et  firmiter  precipimus  pro  nobis  et  heredibus  nos- 
tris quod  predicti  custos  scolares  et  capellani  omnes  et  singulares 
libertates  et  quietancias  supradictas  habeant  et  teneant  sibi  et  succes- 
soribus  suis  et  eis  plene  libere  et  pacifice  gaudeant  et  utantur  imper- 
petuum sicut  predictum  est. 

Hiis  testibus  venerabilibus  patribus  W.  Cantuar.  ^  tocius  Anglie 
primate,  Th.  Ebor.  ^  Anglie  primate  cancellario  nostro,  archiepi- 
scopis  ;  R.  London',  R.  Cicest. *,  Tid.  Wygorn. '',  E.  Exon.*,  custode 
privati  sigilli  nostri,  episcopis ;  Edmundo  duce  Ebor.  "^  avunculo 
nostro;  Edvardo  Rutlandie",  Johanne  de  Holond®  Huntyngdonie, 
fratre  nostro,  Thoma  de  Mowbray,  Notynghamie,  et  marescallo 
Anglie,  comitibus ;  Thoma  de  Percy,  senescallo  hospicii  nostri,  et 
aliis. 

Data  per  manum  nostram  apud  Westmonasterium  vicesimo  octavo 
die  Septembris  anno  regni  nostri  decimo  nono. 


XI. 

The  Statutes. 

In  nomine  sancte  ac  individue  Trinitatis  Patris  et  Filii  et  SpiritQs 
Sancti,  necnon  beatissime  Marie  Virginis  gloriose  omniumque  sanc- 
torum  Dei.    Nos  Willus  de  Wykeham  permissione  Divina  Wyn- 

*  William  Courtney.  *  Thomas  Fitzalan  de  Arundel. 
'  Robert  Braybrooke.  *  Richard  Mitford. 

*  Tideman  de  Winchcomb.  *  Edmund  Stafford. 

^  Edmund  de  Langley,  Earl  of  Cambridge,  created  Duke  of  York  in  1385. 

*  Son  and  heir  of  the  Duke  of  York. 

*  Sir  John  Holond,  the  King's  half-brother,  created  Earl  of  Huntingdon  in 
1388. 


456  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

toniensis  Epus  de  summi  rerum  opificis  bonitate  confisi  qui  vota 
cunctorum  in  eo  fidencium  cognoscit,  dirigit,  et  disponit  de  bonis 
fortune  que  nobis  in  hac  vita  de  sue  plenitudinis  gracia  tribuit 
habundanter  duo  perpetua  Collegia,  unum  videlicet  Collegium  per- 
petuum  pauperum  et  indigencium  scholarium  clericorum  in  studio 
Universitatis  Oxonie  Lincolniens.  dioc.  in  diversis  scienciis  et  facul- 
tatibus  studere  ac  proficere  debencium  '  Seinte  Marie  College  of 
Wynchestre  in  Oxenford  '  vulgariter  nuncupatum  ;  et  quoddam  aliud 
Collegium  perpetuum  aliorum  pauperum  et  indigencium  scolarium 
clericorum  gramaticam  addiscere  debencium  prope  Civitatem  Wyn- 
ton.  '  Seinte  Marie  College  of  Wynchestre '  similiter  nuncupatum 
ad  laudem  gloriam  et  honorem  Nominis  Crucifixi  ac  gloriosissime 
Marie  matris  eius  sustentacionem  et  exaltacionem  fidei  Xtiane 
ecclesie  sancte  profectum  divini  cultus  liberaliumque  artium  scien- 
ciarum  et  facultatum  augmentum  Auctoritate  regia  ordinavimus,  in- 
stituimus,  fundavimus,  et  stabilivimus,  prout  in  cartis  et  litteris 
nostris  patentibus  super  ordinacionibus  institucionibus  ac  funda- 
cionibus  Collegiorum  ipsorum  confectis  pleniiis  continetur.  Unde 
nos  volentes  aliqua  que  in  presenti  nostre  occurrunt  memorie  sta- 
tuere  ac  eciam  ordinare  que  dicto  nostro  Collegio  prope  civitatem 
Wyntonie  scolaribus  clericis  presbiteris  perpetuis  et  personis  aliis 
ac  possessionibus  et  bonis  eiusdem  Collegii,  necnon  salubri  regi- 
mini  eorundem  necessaria  et  utilia  reputamus,  et  que  doctrinam 
incrementum  et  profectum  ipsorum  respicere  dinoscuntur,  Christi 
nomine  primitus  invocato,  ad  futuram  et  perpetuam  rei  memoriam 
ad  ea  procedimus  in  hunc  modum. 

I.   De  totali  numero  scolarium   clericorum   presbiterorum  et 

PERSONARUM   ALIARUM    DICTI    CoLLEGII   PROPE   WiNTONIAM. 

In  primis  siquidem  statuimus  ordinamus  et  volumus  dictum  nos- 
trum Collegium  prope  civitatem  Wyntonie  in  et  de  numero  unius 
custodis,  qui  omnibus  eiusdem  Collegii  personis,  possessionibus, 
rebus,  et  bonis  ipsius  secundum  ordinaciones  et  statuta  nostra 
infrascripta  premineat,  atque  presit,  septuagintaque  pauperum  et 
indigencium  scolarium  gramaticali  sciencie  intendere  debencium, 
decern  presbiterorum  sociorum  perpetuorum,  triumque  capellano- 
rum  et  trium  clericorum  conducticiorum  et  remotivorum,  ac  sex- 
decim  puerorum  choristarum  capelle  dicti  Collegii  in  divinis  officiis 
servire  debencium  ;  unius  eciam  magistri  informatoris  in  gramatica, 
ac  unius  alterius  instructoris  sub  eo, '  hostiarii '  scolarium  vulgariter 
nuncupandi,  circa  informacionem,  instructionem,  et  erudicionem 
dictorum  scolarium  assidue  et  diligenter  vacare  et  intendere  de- 
bencium, conducticiorum  et  eciam  remotivorum,  semper  subsistere 
debere,  et,  deo  propicio,  perpetuis  futuris  temporibus  permanere. 


Appendix  XL  457 

ii.  quales  et  qui  sint  eligendi  in  scolares  ad  nostrum 
Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  in  omni  eleccione 
scolarium  futuris  temporibus  in  dictum  nostrum  Collegium  prope 
Wyntoniam  facienda  principaliter  et  ante  alios  quoscunque  omnes  illi 
qui  sunt  et  erunt  de  consanguinitate  nostra  et  genere,  si  qui  tales 
sint,  ubicunque  fuerint  oriundi  seu  moram  traxerint ',  per  viam 
specialis  prerogative,  absque  difficultate  qualibet,  in  dictum  Collegium 
prope  civitatem  Wyntoniam  pro  eorum  sustentacione  et  doctrina  juxta 
effectum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  nostrorum  in  dicto  Collegio 
habendis  recipiantur  ac  etiam  admittantur ;  quodque  omnes  et  sin- 
guli  in  idem  Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  in  scolares 
eligendi  sint  pauperes  indigentes,  bonis  moribus  ac  condicionibus 
perornati,  ad  studium  habiles,  et  conversacione  honesti,  in  lectura, 
piano  cantu,  et  antiquo  Donato  competenter  instructi.  Nullusque 
in  dictum  nostrum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam  admittatur,  qui 
octavum  etatis  sue  annum  non  compleverit,  vel  duodecimum  etatis 
sue  annum  excesserit,  nisi  infra  septimumdecimum  etatis  sue  consti- 
tutus  taliter  forsan  in  gramatica  fuerit  informatus,  quod  ante  deci- 
mum  octavum  etatis  sue  annum  completum  judicio  eligencium 
in  gramatica  sufficienter  poterit  expediri,  nostris  consanguineis 
duntaxat  exceptis.  Statuimus  preterea,  quod  post  dictos  consan- 
guineos  nostros  pauperes  indigentes  scolares  de  locis  et  parochiis 
in  quibus  possessiones  spirituales  et  temporales  ipsius  Collegii 
prope  Wyntoniam  ac  nostri  Collegii  Oxonie  existant ;  Deinde  oriundi 
de  dioc.  Wyntonie,  ac  deinceps  seriatim  de  comitatibus  Oxonie, 
Berk.,  Wiltes,  Somerset,  Buk.,  Essex,  Midd.,  Dorset,  Kane,  Sussex, 
et  Cantabrug,,  ac  postea  de  aliis  partibus  quibuscunque  regni  An- 
glie  existentes,  si  secundum  condiciones  et  qualitates  superius  et 
inferius  recitatas  habiles  et  ydonei  reperti  fuerint,  ad  dictum  Col- 
legium nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  eligantur  et  eciam  admittantur. 
Quodque  omnes  et  singuli  scolares  dicti  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyn- 
toniam primam  tonsuram  habentes  tonsuram  deferant  condecentem  ; 
et  si  qui  eorum  tempore  admissionis  primam  tonsuram  huiusmodi 
non  habuerint,  ipsos  ad  eandem  recipiendam  infra  annum  proxi- 
mum  tunc  sequentem  artari  volumus  et  astringi,  sub  pena  expulsionis 
finalis  eorundem  a  nostro  Collegio  supradicto,  nostris  consanguineis 
infra  quintumdecimum  etatis  sue  annum  existentibus  duntaxat  exceptis, 
quos  infra  annum  proxime  tunc  sequentem  primam  tonsuram  re- 
cipere  volumus  clericalem.  Nolentes  tamen  quod  aliquis  qui  morbo 
incurabili  laboraverit,  vel  qui  mutilacionem  membrorum  enormem  et 
apparentem  seu  defectum  patitur  corporalem  vel  alium  ex  suo  facto  vel 
culpa  provenientcm  propter  quem  redditur  omnino  inhabilis  ad  sacros 

1  '  Or  have  spent  their  time.' 


458  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

ordines  suscipiendos,  in  dictum  nostrum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam 
quomodolibet  admittatur.  Ordinantes  insuper,  quod  nuUus  habens 
terras,  tenementa,  vel  alias  possessiones,  spirituales  vel  temporales, 
quorum  proventus  quinque  marcarum  sterlingorum  valorem  annuum 
excesserint,  in  ipsum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam  eligatur,  consan- 
guineis  nostris  duntaxat  exceptis,  quos  in  dictum  Collegium  prope 
Wyntoniam  a  septimo  etatis  sue  anno  usque  ad  vicesimum  quintum 
etatis  sue  annum  completum,  eciam  si  possessiones  habeant  ad  va- 
lorem annuum  viginti  marcarum  supportatis  oneribus  ^  recipi  volu- 
mus  et  admitti.  Quibus  quidem  nostris  consanguineis  tempore 
receptionis  eorundem  in  lectura,  piano  cantu,  et  antiquo  Donato, 
nullo  modo  aut  non  competenter  informatis  unum  de  presbyteris 
capelle  vel  alium  clericum  vel  scolarem  Collegii  predicti  ad  hoc 
ydoneum  et  sufficientem  per  custodem  eiusdem,  vel  ipso  absente, 
per  vicecustodem  ad  instruendum  eosdem  in  lectura,  piano  cantu, 
et  antiquo  Donato,  volumus  assignari,  quousque  competenter  fue- 
rint  instructi  in  eisdem.  Consanguineis  vero  nostris  gramatice  in- 
tendentibus  quocunque  tempore  seu  etate  in  dictum  Collegium 
recepti  fuerint  vel  admissi,  unum  de  scolaribus  provectioribus  et 
discretioribus  eiusdem  Collegii  ad  eis  superintendendum  et  instru- 
endum eosdem  in  gramatica  sub  magistro  informatore  predicti 
Collegii,  pro  toto  tempore  quo  steterint  in  eodem,  per  custodem 
et  magistrum  informatorem  predictos  volumus  assignari,  pro  me- 
liori  et  celeriori  expeditione  eorundem.  Cuilibet  vero  instructorum 
huiusmodi  sex  solidi  et  octo  denarii  pro  quolibet  consanguineorum 
predictorum  annuatim  persolvantur  de  bonis  communibus  Collegii 
supradicti.  Cuilibet  eciam  dictorum  consanguineorum  nostrorum  pos- 
sessiones aut  redditus  spirituales  aut  temporales  ultra  valorem  annum 
c  solidorum  non  habenti  de  bonis  ipsius  Collegii  communibus  de  vestitu 
laneo  et  lineo,  lectis,  calceamentis,  et  omnibus  aliis  eorum  necessariis 
juxta  discrecionem  custodis  Collegii  predicti  sufficienter  volumus  pro- 
videri.  Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  scolares  predicti 
omnes  et  singuli  nostris  consanguineis  duntaxat  exceptis  (quos  quidem 
consanguineos  usque  ad  vicesimum  quintum  etatis  sue  annum  com- 
pletum stare  permittimus  in  nostro  Collegio  supradicto),  cum  de- 
cimum  octavum  etatis  sue  annum  compleverint,  sive  expediti 
fuerint  in  gramatica  sive  non,  a  dicto  nostro  Collegio  prope  Wyntoniam 
pro  perpetuo  expellantur,  nisi  forte  eorum  aliquis  ad  Collegium  nos- 
trum Oxonie  pro  numero  ibidem  supplendo  fuerit  nominatus,  et  in 
indenturis  de  quibus  in  proximo  statuto  fit  mencio  scriptus  existat,  tunc 
vero  scolarem  huiusmodi  quemcunque  sic  nominatum  ac  scriptum 
usque  ad  decimum  novum  etatis  sue  annum  completum,  et  non  ultra, 
stare  permittimus  in  Collegio  nostro  prope  Wyntoniam  supradicto. 

^  Clear  of  outgoings. 


Appendix  XI.  459 

III.  De  Eleccione  Scolarium  in  Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyn- 

TONIAM  FACIENdA  TEMPORE   SUPERVISIONIS   EIUSDEM. 

Item  cum  inter  alias  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  ordinaciones  et  statuta 
sub  rubrica  de  tempore  et  modo  supervisionis  et  scrutinii  fiendis  in 
CoUegio  prope  Wyntoniam  et  forma  eleccionis  scolarium  de  eodem 
ad  Collegium  Oxonie  statuerimus  ac  eciam  ordinaverimus  sub  hac 
forma — *  Item  statuimus  ordinamus  et  volumus  quod  singulis  annis 
inter  septimum  diem  mensis  Julii  ^  et  primum  diem  mensis  Octobris 
proxime  tunc  sequentem  custos  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  et  unus  de 
discretioribus  sociis  eiusdem  Collegii  gradu  magistrates  in  facultate 
philosophie  seu  in  theologia  graduatus  et  unus  alius  gradu  doctoratus 
aut  baccallaureatus  in  facultate  juris  civilis  aut  canonici,  per  custo- 
dem,  vicecustodem,  quinque  decanos,  tres  bursarios,  et  quinque  alios 
dicti  Collegii  seniores,  quorum  quinque  seniorum  unus  civilista  et 
alius  canonista  existat,  concordanter  eligendi,  vel  ipso  custode  legitime 
aut  rationabiliter  impedito  ipsius  Collegii  vicecustos  et  duo  socii 
electi  predicti  sumptibus  Collegii  Oxonie  accedant  ad  Collegium 
nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam,  sic  quod  numerum  yj  equorum  non  ex- 
cedant,  et  ibidem  super  regimine  ipsius  Collegii,  custodis,  ac  magis- 
tri  in  gramatica  informatoris,  hostiarii  sub  ipso,  scolarium  et  aliarum 
personarum  degencium  in  eodem  ac  super  informacione,  doctrina,  et 
profectu  scolastico  scolarium  ipsius  Collegii,  et  qualiter  in  victualibus 
providetur  eisdem,  ac  super  aliis  articulis  in  statutis  eiusdem  Collegii 
Wyntoniam  diligenter  inquirant  et  scrutinium  faciant,  corrigenda  et 
reformanda  eciam  in  eodem  juxta  prefata  statuta  et  secundum  quod 
pro  utilitate,  honore,  honestate,  ac  felici  regimine  prefati  Collegii  prope 
Wyntoniam  et  personarum  eiusdem  melius  viderint  expedire  cor- 
rigant  et  reforment,  Et  si  forsan  aliqua  ibidem  invenerint  corrigenda 
que  absque  gravi  incommodo  per  se  corrigere  non  poterint  aut  debite 
reformare,  ea  quam  cito  ad  id  obtulerit  se  facultas,  infr^  mensem 
proxime  sequentem  domino  Wyntoniensi  episcopo  qui  pro  tempore 
fuerit,  vel  eius  vicario  in  spiritualibus  generali,  aut  sede  vacante  cus- 
todi  spiritualitatis  episcopatus  eiusdem,  denuncient  per  ipsorum 
aliquem  corrigenda  et  debite  reformanda  et  pro  reformacione,  cor- 
reccione,  et  punicione  debitis  eorundem  diligenter  insistant  et 
persequantur  eciam  juxta  posse  quorum  omnium  consciencias  in  hac 
parte  apud  Altissimum  artius  oneramus.  Volentes  preterea  quod 
dictus  custos  Collegii  Oxonie,  vel  in  absencia  ipsius  vicecustos,  per 
litteras  suas  sigillatas  et  certum  eorum  nuncium  litteras  huiusmodi 
deferentem  premuniat  in  Collegio  prope  Wyntoniam,  et  non  alibi,  cus- 
todem,  si  presens  fuerit,  et  magistrum  informatorem  Collegii  nostri 
prope  Wyntoniam,  aut  ipso  custode  absente  vicecustodem  et  magistrum 

'  Statutes  of  New  College,  Rubric  III.      The  words  there  are  'Inter  fcstum 
Translacionis  Sancti  Thome  Martyris'  which  was  celebrated  on  July  7th. 


460  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

predictum  de  die  quo  in  eodem  Collegio  premissa  facere  et  exercere 
vel  ad  eleccionem  de  qua  inferius  fit  mencio  procedere  voluerit,  per 
septem  hebdomadas  antequam  Wyntoniam  preveniat  pro  eisdem  ; 
quibus  quidem  litteris  premunicionis  per  eosdem  receptis,  idem  custos 
vel  vicecustos  et  magister  informator  prefatum  custodem  vel  vice- 
custodem  Collegii  Oxonie  de  die  recepcionis  literarum  huiusmodi  per 
eundem  nuncium  litteratorie  certificent  indilate.  Et  ut  scolares  dicti 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam,  necnon  illi  qui  priiis  scolares  fuerint  in 
eodem  tempore  eleccionis  predicte  personaliter  valeant  interesse 
examinacionem  in  hac  parte  subituri,  eos  de  tempore  eleccionis  huius- 
modi per  custodem  vel  vicecustodem  et  magistrum  informatorem 
predictos  per  cedulas^  in  duabus  majoribus  portis  et  valvis  capelle 
dicti  Collegii  borealibus  affigendas  infra  duos  dies  a  die  recepcionis 
litterarum  predictarum  continue  numerandos  volumus  premuniri.  Quo 
quidem  supervisionis  et  scrutinii  tempore  volumus,  quod  si  totalis 
Humerus  scolarium  et  sociorum  in  dicto  Collegio  nostro  Oxonie  nostris 
statutis  limitatus  in  uno,  duobus  aut  pluribus  eciam  quotcunque 
fuerit  diminutus,  tunc  supervisores  predicti  una  cum  custode,  vicecus- 
tode,  et  magistro  informatore  scolarium  eiusdem  Collegii  prope  Wyn- 
toniam statim  post  supervisionem  et  scrutinium  supradicta  pauperes 
scolares  de  dicto  Collegii  nostro  prope  Wyntoniam,  et  si  opus  fuerit, 
alios  qui  priiis  fuerant  in  eodem,  diligenter  et  fideliter  examment  super 
sufficiencia  litterature  in  gramatica  condicionibus  moribus  ac  quali- 
tatibus  superiiis  recitatis.  Qua  examinacione  sic  facta  et  habilitate 
sufficienciaque  ipsorum  scolarium  in  premissis  omnibus  et  singulis 
per  communem  consensum  dictorum  examinancium  approbatis,  de 
ipsis  scolaribus  magis  ydoneos  tot  eligant  dicti  examinantes  ad 
dictum  Collegium  nostrum  Oxonie,  quot  possunt  supplere  deficientem 
numerum  in  eodem,  secundum  ordinem  personarum  et  locorum, 
modumque  et  formam  in  proximo  precedenti  statuto  plenius  recitatos, 
et  eisdem  in  omnibus  observatis.  Volentes  et  eciam  statuentes  quod 
prefati  socii  dicti  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  pro  supervisione  et  eleccione 
predictis,  ut  premittitur,  eligendi,  postquam  electi  fuerint,  in  presentia 
ipsorum  eligencium,  quod  omnia  et  singula  superiiis  et  in  statuto  de 
eleccione  Scolarium  in  Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  facienda 
recitata,  odio  et  favore,  invidia  et  timore,  prece  et  precio  postpositis 
quibuscunque,  quatenus  ad  ipsos  pertinet  fideliter  facient  et  diligenter 
eciam  exercebunt,  tactis  et  inspectis  per  ipsos  sacrosanctis  Evan- 
geliis,  prestent  corporaliter  juramentum.  Quodque  custos  Collegii 
nostri  prope  Wyntoniam,  aut  ipsius  vicecustos,  et  prefatus  magister 
in  gramatica  informator,  antequam  ad  examinaciones  et  elecciones 
huiusmodi  procedatur,  in  presencia  custodis  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie 
et  sociorum  predictorum  aut,  ipso  custode  absente,  vicecustodis  et 
sociorum  eorundem,  tactis  et  inspectis  per  ipsos  sacrosanctis  Evan- 

*  Notices. 


Appendix  XI.  461 

geliis  prestent  consimile  juramentum.  Et  ut  totalis  numerus  scola- 
rium  nostri  Collegii  Oxonie  citiiis  et  faciliiis  impleatur  ac  semper 
integer  per  Dei  graciam  conservetur,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus, 
quod  si  in  examinacione  predicts  ultra  numerum  ad  Collegium  nos- 
trum Oxonie  requisitum  plures  de  scolaribus  ipsius  Collegii  prope 
Wyntoniam  et  aliis  qui  prius  fuerint  in  eodem  reperiantur  habiles  et 
ydonei,  ad  ipsum  Collegium  Oxonie,  si  opus  esset,  merito  eligendi  et 
eciam  assumendi,  ad  ipsum  Collegium  Oxonie  nominentur;  et  de 
nominibus  et  cognominibus  omnium  scolarium  eorundem  inter  cus- 
todem  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  et  socios  electos  et  juratos  predictos, 
seu  ipso  custode  absente  inter  vicecustodem  eiusdem  Collegii  et 
eosdam  socios  ex  parte  una  et  custodem  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyn- 
toniam ac  vicecustodem  et  magistrum  informatorem  eiusdem  ex  parte 
altera  tempore  predicto  annuatim  fiant  mutuo  indenture.  Ita  videlicet, 
ut  eorum  nomina  et  cognomina  eo  ordine  in  dictis  indenturis  scri- 
bantur,  quo  magis  ydonei  reperiuntur  in  examinacione  predicta 
secundem  ordinem,  condiciones  et  qualitates  supra  in  statuto 
proximo  recitatas,  vel  si  forsan  ante  tempus  supervisionis  inibi 
proxime  faciende  numerum  dicti  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  minui 
contigerit,  ad  intimacionem  custodis  vel  vicecustodis  eiusdem 
Collegii  Oxonie  custodi  ac  magistro  informatori  Collegii  nostri  prope 
Wyntoniam,  seu  vicecustodi  et  magistro  eidem,  per  eorum  litteras 
faciendam,  quam  infra  tres  dies  a  tempore  diminucionisnumeri  predicti 
fieri  volumus  et  statuimus  de  personis  eisdem  numerus  sic  deficiens 
statim  absque  eleccione  alia  poterit  et  debeat  impleri.  Quas  quidem 
examinacionem  et  nominacionem  scolarium  et  indenturas  singulis 
supervisionis  temporibus  fieri  volumus,  quamvis  totalis  numerus 
scolarium  vel  sociorum  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  tempore  examinacionis 
predicte  non  fiierit  diminutus.  Dictis  vero  litteris  intimacionis  per 
custodem  seu  vicecustodem  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  et  magis- 
trum informatorem  predictum  receptis  iidem  custos  seu  vicecustos 
et  magister  scolares  in  dictis  indenturis  nominatos  ordine  illo  quo 
scripti  fuerint  in  eisdem,  si  superstites  existant,  et  laborare  valeant, 
alioquin  scolares  alios  in  dictis  indenturis  nominatos  eciam  eodem 
ordine  quo  scripti  fuerint  in  indenturis  predictis  infra  unum  diem  a 
tempore  recepcionis  littere  absque  dolo  et  fraude  seu  malo  ingenio  per 
cedulas,  ut  premittitur,  premuniant,  quod  infra  octo  dies  proximo 
tunc  sequentes  ad  Collegium  nostrum  Oxonie,  ut  inibi  admittantur, 
sine  ulteriori  dilatione  quacunque  personaliter  accedant,  iidemque 
custos  seu  vicecustos  et  magister  prefatis  custodi  seu  vicecustodi 
Collegii  Oxonie  per  suas  litteras  nomina  et  cognomina  scolarium 
quos  transmittunt  ac  illorum  pro  quibus  eis  scriptum  fuerat,  in  casu 
quo  alios  miserint,  causamque  missionis  sue  continentes  distincte 
certificent  et  apert6,  ipsas  litteras  per  scolares  eosdem  transmittentes. 
Quos  quidem  scolares  sic  nominatos  necnon  et  scolares  alios  tempore 


46a  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

supervisionis  predicte,  ut  premittitur,  electos,  cum  ad  dictum  Col- 
legium Oxonie  accesserint,  custos  et  socii  eiusdem  Collegii,  seu  in 
ipsius  custodis  absencia,  vicecustos  et  iidem  socii,  primo  die  adventus 
eorum,  vel  in  crastino  ad  ultimum,  in  virtute  juramenti  dicto  Collegio 
Oxonie  per  eos  prestiti  in  scolares  ipsius  Collegii  Oxonie  ad  annos 
probationis  admittere  debeant  et  eciam  teneantur,  Statuto  de  pre- 
rogativa  consanguineorum  superius  edito  in  omnibus  semper 
salvo,  hoc  quoque  proviso,  quod  de  nominatis  huiusmodi  venientibus 
ad  Collegium  Oxonie  illi  primo  admittantur,  qui  in  indenturis  et 
litteris  responsivis  huiusmodi  primo  scripti  fuerint  et  eciam  nominati. 
Quo  insuper  supervisionis  tempore  alii  pueri  et  choriste  capelle  ibidem 
in  lectura  piano  cantu  et  antiquo  Donato  competenter  instruct!  et  infra 
etatem  nostris  statutis  limitatam  constituti  per  dictos  examinatores  et 
supervisores  examinentur,  et  qui  habiles  et  ydonei  reperti  fuerint 
eligantur,  de  quibus  numerus  scolarium  ibidem  tunc  deficiens  im- 
pleatur,  ceterorumque  puerorum  sic,  ut  prefertur,  instructorum  et 
examinatorum  nomina  et  cognomina  in  indenturis  predictis  scribantur, 
quos  ordine  illo,  quo  in  indenturis  scripti  et  nominati  fuerint,  in  dic- 
tum Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam  per  custodem  vel  in  ipsius  absencia 
vicecustodem  et  magistrum  informatorem  predictos  recipi  volumus 
loco  scolarium  ad  Collegium  nostrum  Oxonie,  ut  premittitur,  mit- 
tendorum  decedentium  seu  alias  recedentium  ab  eodem.  Et  si  forsan 
numerus  septuaginta  sociorum  vel  scolarium  in  Collegio  Oxonie 
limitatus  per  sex  vel  plures  ante  primum  diem  mensis  Maii  proxime 
tunc  sequentem  fuerit  diminutus  et  per  nominatos  in  dictis  indenturis 
nequeat  adimpleri,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  quod  tunc 
custos  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  ac  duo  socii  eiusdem  Collegii  in  hoc 
casu  forma  que  premittitur  electi  et  eciam  jurati,  vel  ipso  custode 
absente  seu  alias  impedito  vicecustos  et  socii  predicti  ad  Collegium 
nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  accedant  pro  eleccione  et  nominacione 
scolarium  faciendis  ad  numerum  scolarium  Collegii  Oxonie  defi- 
cientem  supplendum  modo  et  forma  superiiis  limitatis,  facta  primitus 
quindecim  dierum  premunicione  per  dictum  custodem  Collegii  nostri 
Oxonie,  vel  in  absencia  sua  per  vicecustodem  eiusdem,  per  litteras  suas 
custodi  vel  vicecustodi  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  de  die  adventus 
eorundem  ad  Wyntoniam  et  eleccionis  tempore  memorato.  Sic  quod 
ante  finem  mensis  Maii  predicti  totalis  numerus  scolarium  Collegii 
nostri  Oxonie  efFectualiter  et  realiter  impleatur.  Item  statuimus, 
ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  quocienscunque  aliqua  eleccio  pauperum 
scolarium  clericorum  ad  Collegium  nostrum  Oxonie  de  personis  qui- 
buscunque  eligendis  immineat  facienda,  ipsa  eleccio  omnino  fiat  in 
prefato  Collegio  nostro  prope  Wyntoniam  modo  et  forma  superiiis 
recitatis  et  non  alibi  quovis  modo :  Quodque  nullus  cuiuscunque 
statOs  fuerit  condicionis  vel  generis  aliter  vel  alio  modo  eligatur, 
recipiatur,   assumatur,   aut  ibidem    moretur  tanquam    scolaris    aut 


Appendix  XI.  46^ 

socius  nee  quiequam  percipiat  de  dieto  nostro  Collegio  Oxonie  ullo 
modo  quocunque  exquisite  titulo  vel  colore.  Nos  premissa  omnia  et 
singula  in  huiusmodi  ordinacione  et  statuto  contenta  a  custode  et 
sociis  prefati  nostri  CoUegii  prope  Wyntoniam  quatenus  eosdem  concer- 
nunt  precipimus  et  statuimus  per  ipsos  inviolabiliter  observari.  Ac 
eisdem  adjiciendo  statuimus  et  ordinamus  quod  prefati  scolares  in 
Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  loco  scolarium  ad  Collegium 
nostrum  Oxonie  mittendorum  seu  in  Collegio  nostro  prope  Wyntoniam 
decedencium  seu  alias  recedencium  ah  eodem,ut  premittitur,admittendi 
quam  citius  fieri  poterit  infra  octo  dies  a  tempore  missionis,  decessus, 
vel  recessfts  scolarium  predictorum  continue  numerandos,  si  presentes 
fuerint,  recipiantur  et  eciam  admittantur  sine  difficultate  quacunque, 
prerogativa  consanguineorum  et  ordine  locorum  predictis  in  omnibus 
semper  salvis.  Et  ne  bona  dicti  nostri  Collegii  circa  personas  huius- 
modi que  litterarum  studio  ad  profectum  scolasticum  et  divini  cultus 
augmentum  insistere  non  intendunt  contra  nostre  intencionis  propo- 
situm,  ac  in  exclusionem  seu  retardacionem  aliorum  proficere  cupien- 
cium  inefficaciter  expendantur,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus 
quod  quilibet  scolaris  in  Collegium  nostrum  Oxonie  ad  annos  pro- 
bacionis  admittendus,  antequam  admittatur,  juret  quod  proponit  et 
intendit  firmiter  per  quinquennium  ad  minus  in  dicto  Collegio  Oxonie 
permanere  insistendo  per  idem  tempus  ibidem  studio  litterarum. 
Et  si  contingat  eorum  aliquem  ex  Collegio  predicto  infra  dictum 
quinquennium  finaliter  recedere,  preterquam  in  casibus  in  statutis 
nostris  limitatis  seu  absque  alia  causa  rationabili  necessaria  et  suf- 
ficienti  per  custodem  vicecustodem  decanos  bursarios  et  sex  alios  eius- 
dem  Collegii  seniores  et  discretiores,  quorum  duo  juriste  existant, 
adprobanda,  pro  comunis  emolumentis  et  proficuis  aliis  quibuscun- 
que  a  dicto  nostro  Collegio  per  eum  et  nomine  pro  receptis  eidem 
Collegio  satisfacere  debeat  realiter  et  eciam  teneatur.  Ordinantes 
insuper  quod  custos  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  et  socii  supradicti  eundo  ad 
Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  pro  eleccionibus  et  aliis  supra- 
dictis  et  exinde  et  deinde  ad  Collegium  Oxonie  sumptibus  eiusdem 
Collegii  Oxonie,  stando  vero  et  commorando  apud  Collegium  nostrum 
prope  Wyntoniam  pro  eisdem  negociis,  expensis  eiusdem  Collegii 
prope  Wyntoniam  existant. 

IV.  Quid  erit,  quando  eligentes  in  eleccionibus  discordent. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  si  examinatores 
predicti  in  eleccione  aliqua  seu  admissione  scolarium  in  Collegium 
nostrum  Oxonie  seu  prope  Wyntoniam  facienda  super  approbacione 
habilitatis  et  sufficiencie  scolarium  hujusmodi  inter  se  discordent  et 
in  his  infra  tempus  unius  diei  consentire  nequeant  quovismodo,  tunc 
ille  et  illi  habeantur  in  moribus  aliisque  prenotatis  probati  habiles 


464  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

et  electi,  in  quern  vel  quos  maior  pars  ipsorum  examinancium  con- 
senserit  in  hac  parte.  Et  cum  prefata  duo  nostra  Collegia,  licet  locis 
situata  diversis,  ex  una  stirpe  prodeant,  originaliterque  ab  uno  fonte 
procedant,  in  substancia  eciam  non  discrepent,  quorum  naturaliter  non 
est  diversus  effectus,  convenit,  congruit,  expedit,  atque  decet,  ut 
que  cognacione  vicina  congaudent,  unius  eiusdemque  nominis  sea 
vocabuli  titulo  presignantur,  quociens  opus  fuerit  mutuis  se  prose- 
quantur  sufFragiis  et  favoribus  sibi  invicem  subveniant  oportunis. 
Idcirco  statuimus,  ordinamus  et  volumus  quod  in  actionibus,  litibus, 
causis,  et  controversiis,  in  quibuscunque  curiis  et  locis,  coram  qui- 
buscunque  judicibus,  ecclesiasticis  vel  secularibus,  aut  aliis  amicabili- 
bus  compositoribus  per  CoUegiorum  dictorum  custodes,  vel  eorum 
alterum,  seu  contra  eosdem  custodes,  vel  eorum  alterum,  occasione 
bonorum,  possessionum,  aut  jurium  spiritualium  vel  temporalium  seu 
rerum  mobilium  et  immobilium  ad  dicta  Collegia  vel  ipsorum  alterum 
spectancium  motis  seu  movendis  in  sanis  consiliis  auxiliis  et  favoribus 
oportunis  ipsa  Collegia  se  invicem  preveniant  et  mutuis  subvencionibus 
ac  patrociniis  sibi  succurrant,  custodesque,  socii,  et  scolares  omnes  et 
singuli  CoUegiorum  ipsorum  presentes  et  futuri  ad  favores  consilia  et 
auxilia  huiusmodi,  sicut  et  prout  ac  quociens  opus  fuerit,  cum  super  hiis 
congrue  requisiti  fuerint,  alterutrum  impendenda  presentis  nostre  ordi- 
nacionis  et  statuti  vigore  artiiis  obligati  existant,  et  in  virtute  prestandi 
sive  prestiti  per  eosdem  dictisCollegiisjuramenti  efficaciter  teneantur. 
Sicque  gaudeant  se  mutua  defensione  munitos,  quos  in  origine  idemp- 
titas,  in  numero  paritas,  in  nominibus  equalitas,  et  annuente  Domino 
mutue  ac  perpetue  caritatis  integritas  conformiter  decorarunt. 
Nolentes  quod  aliquis  de  Collegiis  predictis  pretextu  alicuius  presidii 
seu  impensi  favoris  in  casibus  huiusmodi  quicquam  preter  expensas 
racionabiles  et  necessarias  exigat  quovismodo.  Ordinantes  preterea, 
quod  custodes,  socii,  et  scolares  utriusque  nostri  Collegii  supradicti 
ordinaciones  et  statuta  integra  alterutrius  Collegii  per  nos  edita  et 
edenda^  penes  se  alterutrum  habeant  nostro  sigillata  sigillo,  que 
omnia  et  singula  iidem  custodes  socii  et  scolares  omnes  et  singuli, 
quatenus  ipsa  ordinaciones  et  statuta  eos  communiter  vel  divisim  seu 
singulariter  concernunt,  inviolabiliter  imperpetuum  observare  artius 
teneantur  et  debeant,  et  ad  ea,  sicut  premittitur,  observanda  tam 
custodes  quam  eciam  omnes  et  singulos  dictorum  CoUegiorum  socios 
et  scolares  artari  volumus  sub  ipsorum  debito  juramenti. 

V.    De  juramento  scolarium  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  statim 

POST   QUINTUMDECIMUM    ANNUM   COMPLETUM   PRESTANDO. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  quod  scolaris  quilibet  in 
Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  admissus  statim  postquam  deci- 

*  Wykeham  then  did  not  regard  this  as  the  final  edition  of  his  Statutes. 


Appendix  XI.  465 

mum  sextum  etatis  sue  annum  attigerit '  in  presencia  custodis, 
vicecustodis,  et  sociorum  presbiterorum  dicti  CoUegii,  tactis  per  ipsum 
corporaliter  sacrosanctis  Evangeliis,  juret  publice  et  personaliter  sub 
hac  forma — *  Ego  N.  in  Collegium  sancte  Marie  prope  Wyntoniam  ad- 
missus  juro  quod  non  habeo  aliquid  de  quo  michi  constat  unde  possum 
expendere  annuatim  ultra  quinque  marcas  sterlingorum.  Item  si 
contingat  me  scire  aliqua  secreta  dicti  Collegii,  ipsa  in  dampnum  sive 
prejudicium  ipsius  non  revelabo  ad  extra.  Item  quod  ad  dicti 
Collegii  melioracionem,  augmentacionem  bonorum,  terrarum,  posses- 
sionum,  reddituum,  et  jurium  eiusdem  conservacionem  et  defensionem 
promocionemque  et  expedicionem  negociorum  dicti  Collegii  quorum- 
cunque,  ad  quemcunque  statum  imposterum  devenero,  in  sanis  con- 
siliis,  beneficiis,  favoribusque  et  auxiliis,  quantum  in  me  fuerit,  et  ad  me 
pertinuerit,  diligenter  juvabo,  et  pro  eisdem  fideliter  laborabo,  quamdiu 
vixero  in  hoc  mundo.  Item  quod  non  procurabo  diminucionem,  irrita- 
cionem,  seu  annullacionem  alicuius  numeri  in  presentibus  statutis  et 
ordinacionibus  limitati,  vel  ea  fieri  permittam,  secundum  meum  posse, 
aut  eisdem  consentiam  quovismodo.  Item  quod  omnia  statuta  dictum 
Collegium  concernencia  per  reverendum  in  Christo  patrem  Dm 
Willm  de  Wykeham  fundatorem  ipsius  Collegii  edita  et  per  eundem 
edenda,  et  non  alia,  secundum  planum  litteralem  et  grammaticalem 
intellectum  ipsorum,  quantum  in  me  fuerit,  tenebo  et  inviolabiliter 
observabo,  ac,  quantum  in  me  fuerit,  faciam  ab  aliis  teneri  et  eciam 
observari.  Quodque  nulla  alia  statuta  seu  ordinaciones,  interpreta- 
ciones,  immutaciones,  injuncciones,  declaraciones,  aut  exposiciones 
alias  presentibus  ordinacionibus  et  statutis,  vel  qualitercunque  vero 
intellectui  eorundem  repugnantes  vel  repugnantia,  derogantes  vel 
derogantia,  contrarias  vel  contraria,  per  quemcunque  seu  quoscunque 
alium  vel  alios  quam  per  eundem  reverendum  patrem  Willm  de 
Wykeham  fundatorem  predictum  fiendas  vel  fienda  quomodolibet 
acceptabo,  vel  ad  ea  consentiam,  aut  ipsa  aliqualiter  admittam,  nee 
eisdem  parebo  ullo  tempore,  vel  intendam,  vel  illis  vel  eorum 
aliqua  ullo  modo  utar  in  Collegio  vel  extra,  tacite  vel  expresse.  Item 
quod  non  ero  detractor,  susurro,  seu  faciens  obloquia,  aut  provocans 
odium,  iram,  discordias,  invidiam,  contumelias,  rixas,  vel  jurgia,  aut 
speciales  vel  precellentes  prerogativEis  nobilitatis,  generis,  sciencia- 
rum,  facultatum,  aut  divitiarum  allegans,  nee  intra  socios  presbiteros 
eiusdem  Collegii,  aut  alios  dicti  Collegii  scolares,  australes,  aquilonares 
seu  boreales,  aut  patrie  ad  patriam,  generis  ad  genus,  nobilitatis  ad 
nobilitatem  vel  ad  ignobilitatem,  seu  alias  qualitercunque  compara- 
ciones,  que  odiose  sunt  ^,  in  verbo,  vel  in  facto,  causa  commonendi 

'  I.  e.  as  soon  as  he  has  completed  his  fifteenth  year. 

'  An  old  and  familiar  proverb.  '  Comparisons  are  odorous,'  says  Dogberry : 
Shakespeare's  Much  Ado,  III.  5.  '  Caparisons  do  not  become  a  young  woman,' 
says  Mrs.  Malaprop :  Sheridan's  Rivals,  IV.  a. 

H  h 


4<56  Ajmais  of  Winchester  College. 

maliciose  socios  vel  scolares,  faciam  quovismodo  tacite  vel  expresse. 
Item  quod  nullas  conventiculas  ^,  conspiraciones,  confederaciones,  seu 
pacciones  aliquas  ubicunque  infra  regnum  Anglie  vel  extra  contra 
ordinaciones  et  statuta  dictum  Collegium  concernencia,  vel  contra  ipsius 
Collegii  statum,  commodum,  vel  honorem,  custodem,  vel  vicecusto- 
dem,  vel  magistrum  informatorem,  aut  hostiarium,  vel  aliquem  socium 
vel  scolarem  eiusdem  Collegii  illicite  faciam,  nee  ipsa  procurabo  seu 
permittam  ab  aliis  fieri, quantum  in  me  fuerit,  quomodolibet  in  futurum, 
seu  facientibus  ipsa  vel  aliquod  eorundem  prestabo  seu  dabo  con- 
silium, auxilium,  vel  favorem,  aut  eisdem  scienter  interesse  presu- 
mam,  nee  ipsis  consentiam  tacite  vel  expresse.  Et  si  aliquem  vel 
aliquos  scivero  contrarium  aut  contraria  procurantes,  seu  eciam 
facientes,  ea  custodi  vel  vicecustodi  et  bursariis  certificabo,  et  eos 
expresse  premuniam  ore  tenus  vel  in  scriptis.  Quodque  tranquil- 
litatem,  pacem,  commodum,  et  honorem  dicti  Collegii  et  sociorum 
eiusdem  unitatem  quantum  in  me  fuerit  et  ad  me  pertinuerit,  viis 
et  modis  quibus  potero,  conservabo,  et  ab  aliis  conservari  et  fieri 
procurabo.  Item  si  contingat  me,  quod  absit,  propter  mea  deme- 
rita  juxta  exigenciam  presentium  statutorum  a  predicto  Collegio 
expelli  seu  eciam  removed,  nunquam  ipsum  Collegium,  custodem, 
vicecustodem,  seu  socium  aliquem  vel  magistrum  informatorem 
aut  hostiarium  eiusdem  occasione  expulsionis  seu  remocionis  huius- 
modi  prosequar,  molestabo,  seu  inquietabo  per  me  vel  alios,  seu 
ab  aliis  prosequi  molestari  seu  inquietari  quomodolibet  procurabo 
in  foro  ecclesiastico  seu  seculari ;  sed  omni  accioni  seculari,  canonice 
et  civili,  appellacionique  et  querele  in  ea  parte  fiendis,  et  quarumlibet 
litterarum  impetracioni,  precibus  principum,  prelatorum,  procerum, 
magnatum,  et  aliorum  quorumcunque,  et  quibuslibet  juris  vel  facti 
remediis  aliis,  per  que  me  petere  possem  in  integrum  restitui 
vel  reconciliari  quantum  ad  jus  et  titulum  seu  possessionem  in  ipso 
Collegio  vindicanda,  in  vim  pacti  renuncio  expresse  in  presenti  et  re- 
nun  ciabo  m  scriptis,  si  exactus  fuero,  in  mea  expulsione  predicta. 
Item  quod  omnia  et  singula  ordinaciones  et  statuta  dicti  Collegii,  qua- 
tenus  ipsa  me  concernunt,  fideliter  observabo.  Alioquin  poenas  in 
non  parentes  in  premissis  vel  eorum  aliquo  in  dicti  Collegii  ordina- 
cionibus  et  statutis  inflictas  et  eciam  ordinatas  sine  contradiccione 
quacunque  subibo  et  me  humiliter  subiturum  promitto  et  fideliter 
observabo  juxta  omnem  vim,  formam,  et  effectum  ordinacionum  et 
statutorum  dictorum.  Item  quod  non  inpetrabo  dispensacionem 
aliquam  contra  juramenta  mea  predicta,  vel  contra  ordinaciones  et 
statuta  de  quibus  premittitur,  aut  ipsorum  aliquod,  nee  dispensa- 
cionem huiusmodi  per  me  alium  vel  alios  publice  vel  occulte  impe- 
trari  aut  fieri  procurabo  directe  vel  indirecte.     Et  si  forsan  aliquam 

*  Prayer  meetings.    Aimed,  probably,  at  the  followers  of  Wycliffe.   Ante,p.82. 


Appendix  XI.  467 

dispensacionem  huiusmodi  impetrari  vel  gratis  offerri  aut  concedi 
contigerit,  cuiuscunquc  fuerit  auctoritatis,  scu  si  generalitcr  vel  speci- 
aliter,  aut  alias  sub  quacunque  forma  verborum  concessa,  ipsa  non 
utar,  nee  eisdem  consentiam  quovismodo.  Sic  Deus  me  adjuvet 
et  hec  sancta  Dei  Evangelia.'  Nostros  vero  consanguineos  prescrip- 
tum  eciam  prestare  juramentum  volumus,  illo  articulo  duntaxat 
excepto,  quod  non  possunt  expendere  ultra  quinque  marcas  de 
quibus  fit  mencio  in  eodem.  De  quo  quidem  juramento  locoque 
et  die  prestacionis  eiusdem  juramenti  et  anno  Incarnacionis  Do- 
mini nostri  Jesu  Christi  una  cum  nominibus  et  cognominibus  in- 
teressentium  statim  fieri  volumus  prothocoUum,  in  instrumentum 
publicum,  si  oportuerit,  redigendum  per  aliquem  notarium,  penes 
custodem  et  socios  predictos  perpetu6  custodiendum,  nee  alicui 
scolari  sextumdecimum  etatis  sue  annum  attingenti  dicti  nostri 
Collegii  commune^  aut  alia  eiusdem  beneficia  ministrentur,  donee 
supradictum  prestiterit  juramentum. 

VI.  De  Eleccione  custodis  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wynton. 

ET  JURAMENTO   EIUSDEM. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  CoUegio  nostro 
prope  Wynton.  custode  destituto,  ipsius  Collegii  vicecustos  pres- 
biteri  socii  perpetui  seu  major  pars  eorundem  custodem  et  socios 
Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  infra  duos  dies  a  tempore  destitucionis  huius- 
modi eis  note  continue  numerandos  per  eorum  litteras  sigillo  eorum 
comuni  vel  aliquo  sigillo  autentico  sigillatas  de  dicta  destitucione 
certificent ;  qui  quidem  custos  et  socii  Collegii  Oxonie  de  djestitu- 
cione  huiusmodi  sic  premuniti  infra  unius  diei  spatium  a  tempore 
premunicionis  huiusmodi  simul  conveniant  in  capella  dicti  Collegii 
nostri  Oxonie  de  die  eleccionis  futuri  custodis  Collegii  nostri  prope 
Wynton.  fiende,  ut  convenit,  tractaturi,  quam  eleccionis  diem  quam 
citius  comode  fieri  poterit  infra  quindenam  extunc  immediate  se- 
quentem  pro  eleccione  huiusmodi  facienda  per  consensum  et  volun- 
tatem  maioris  partis  ipsorum  statuant  et  prefigant  prefatum  ter- 
minum  taliter  moderando,  quod  infra  mensem  a  tempore  note 
destitutionis  predicte  in  Collegio  prope  Wynton.  eleccionem  ipsam 
finaliter  faciant  omnimodo.  Hoc  tamen  proviso,  quod  socios 
suos  absentes  per  decem  dies  a  tempore  premunicionis  infra- 
scripte  eis  faciende,  priusquam  ad  futuri  custodis  dicti  Collegii 
prope  Wynton.  eleccionem  procedant,  teneantur  et  debeant  expec- 
tare.  Prefatus  quoque  custos,  si  presens  fuerit,  vel  in  ipsius  absencia 
vicecustos  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  omnes  et  singulos  dicti  Collegii 
Oxonie  socios  tunc  absentes  per  cedulas  ^  unam  vel  plures  in  ostio 

*  Commons.  *  Precepts  or  Notices. 

H  h  2 


4^8  Annals  of  l^Vinchester  College. 

capelle  et  in  exteriori  porta  occidentali  eiusdem  Collegii  afifigendas 
faciat  premuniri,  ut  ipsi  una  cum  aliis  dicti  Collegii  sociis  tunc 
presentibus  mane  et  in  die  pro  huiusmodi  eleccione  assignato  in 
capella  dicti  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  pro  novo  custode  dicti  Collegii 
prope  Wyntoniam  eligendo  intersint  personaliter  sub  pena  amissionis 
comunarum  suarum,  quas  per  mensem  continuum  in  et  de  dicto 
Collegio  assent  alias  percepturi  ^ ;  quam  penam  ipsos  et  alios  dicti 
Collegii  socios  quoscunque  de  eleccione  predicta,  ut  prefertur,  pre- 
munitos,  si  cessante  ignorancia  minime  affectata,  vel  legitimo  im- 
pedimento  tempore  assignato  non  veniant,  et  eleccioni  predicte  non 
interfuerint,  incurrere  volumus  ipso  facto.  Quibus  die  et  loco  ipsis  in 
simul  aggregatis,  exposita  per  dictum  custodem  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie 
aut  vicecustodem  vel  alium  socium  sufficientem  causa  congregacionis 
huiusmodi,  scilicet  pro  eleccione  futuri  custodis  Collegii  prope  Wyn- 
toniam facienda,  pro  Spiritus  Sancti  gracia  in  hac  parte  uberius  impe- 
tranda  antequam  ad  eleccionem  procedant  missam  de  eodem  Sancto 
Spiritu  faciant  inter  se  solemniter  celebrari ;  qua  celebrata  statim  fiat 
una  collacio'*  per  dictum  custodem  vel  vicecustodem  vel  alium  socium 
publice  in  comuni,  et  legatur  tunc  temporis  plene  et  perfecte  hoc 
presens  statutum '  et  hec  nostra  ordinacio  eciam  antequam  proce- 
datur  ad  eleccionem  predictam.  Deinde  ad  eleccionem  futuri  custo- 
dis Collegii  prope  Wintoniam  premunitorum,  ut  premittitur,  absencia 
non  obstante,  in  forma  infrascripta  ulterius  procedatur; — videlicet 
assumantur  et  deputentur  de  unanimi,  si  fieri  poterit,  sociorum 
predictorum  consensu  pariter  et  assensu,  vel  si  hoc  fieri  comode 
non  poterit,  per  maiorem  partem  huiusmodi  sociorum  quinque  et 
non  plures  de  sociis  eiusdem  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie,  discreciores, 
maturiores,  provecciores  et  fidedigniores,  presertim  in  scienciis  et 
facultatibus,  quibus  huiusmodi  socii  sic  assumendi  institerint  gra- 
duati,  quorum  videlicet  unus  theologus  et  alius  canonista,  tercius 
civilista,  duo  vero  de  artibus  seu  philosophia  magistri  existant ;  quos 
quidem  socios  quinque  sic  assumptos  et  eciam  deputatos  scruta- 
tores  volumus  nuncupari  ;  qui  omnes  et  singuli  scrutatores  ac 
omnes  alii  socii  supradicti,  tactis  per  ipsos  et  ipsorum  singulos 
sacrosanctis  Dei  Evangeliis  coram  custode  seu  vicecustode  pre- 
dicto,  corporale  juramentum  prestabunt  tunc  ibidem,  quod  post- 
positis  et  cessantibus  omnimodis  amore,  favore,  odio,  timore,  invidia, 
partialitate,  affeccione  consanguinitatis  et  affinitatis,  seu  alicuius 
facultatis,  necnon  accepcione  personarum  patrie  vel  occasione  qua- 
cunque  precis  aut  precii  cum  omni  celeritate  qua  poterunt,  et  absque 
more  dispendio,  unum  de  ipsis  scrutatoribus  vel  de  aliis  sociis  de 
ipso  nostro  Collegio  Oxonie,  seu  de  sociis  presbiteris  Collegii  nostri 

1  Ante,  p.  339.  '  A  speech  to  open  the  proceedings. 

'  See  the  proceedings  at  Warden  Lee's  Election,  Chapter  XXIV. 


Appendix  XI.  469 

prope  Wintoniam ;  aut  de  illis  qui  aliquando  fuerunt  in  ipso  CoUegio 
nostro  Oxonie  seu  Collegio  prope  Wintoniam  socii,  et  ex  causis  licitis 
et  honestis  recesserunt,  in  theologia  aut  jure  canonico  vel  civili  gra- 
duatum  seu  in  artibus  magistrum,  in  sacris  ordinibus  constitutum 
quam  citius  ex  tunc  fieri  poterit  in  presbiterum  ordinandum,  tri- 
ginta  etatis  sue  annos  habentem,  eciam  si  beneficiatus  existat,  quern 
in  ipsorum  conscienciis  magis  ydoneum,  sufficientiorem,  discre- 
tiorem,  utiliorem,  aptiorem  ad  subeundum,  gerendum,  faciendum, 
exercendum  custodis  officium  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  nomina- 
bunt,  necnon  quod  ilium,  quem  nominaverunt,  sperant  et  firmiter  cre- 
dunt  quoad  bonum  et  salubre  regimen  et  diligentem  curam  ipsius 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  personarum,  statutorum,  ac  bonorum  eius- 
dem  Collegii  terrarumque,  possessionum,  et  reddituum  spiritualium 
et  temporalium  et  jurium  eorundem  plus  posse  proficere  et  debere. 
Consimile  vero  juramentum  dicti  Collegii  Oxonie  custodem  et  vice- 
custodem  ante  eleccionem  predictam  prestare  volumus  coram  scru- 
tatoribus  et  sociis  supradictis.  Jurabunt  insuper  dicti  scrutatores 
modo  quo  supra,  videlicet  tactis  per  eos  sacrosanctis  Evangeliis, 
statim  ante  ipsum  scrutinium  coram  ipsa  comitiva,  custode  seu  vice- 
custode  vel  senior!  socio  dicti  Collegii  Oxonie  eos  onerante,  quod  nul- 
lum procuraverunt  seu  procurari  fecerunt,  seu  procurabunt  vel  move- 
bunt  verbo  vel  signo,  prece  vel  precio,  ad  alium  vel  aliter  de  se  ipsis 
vel  aliis  nominandis  quam  ipsius  socii  requisiti  seu  scrutati  dicta- 
verit  justa  et  sana  propria  consciencia,  et  quod  votum  ^  cuiuslibet 
predictorum  sociorum  in  ipsa  nominacione  diligenter  et  fideliter 
examinabunt  ;  quorum  quidem  scrutatorum  duo  seniores  coram 
tribus  ceteris  conscrutatoribus  suis  votis  suis  in  hac  parte  primo  pure, 
sponte,  simpliciter,  secrete,  et  singillatim  emissis  et  in  scriptis  dis- 
tincte  redactis  vota  reliquorum  trium  eonscrutatorum  suorum  modo 
consimili  scrutari  et  in  scriptis  redigere  diligenter  et  fideliter  te- 
neantur  et  debeant  omnimodo.  Deinde  vero  iidem  quinque  scrutatores 
communiter  atque  simul  vota  omnium  et  singulorum  aliorum  so- 
ciorum predictorum  diligenter,  secreto,  et  singillatim  eciam  perscru- 
tentur,  ac  votum  et  dictum  cuiuslibet  socii  examinati,  ipso  vidente, 
scribant  vel  unus  eorum  scribat,  statimque  ante  recessum  ipsorum 
scrutatorum  examinancium  et  in  presencia  cuiuslibet  examinati 
votum  illud  legant,  vel  legat  aliquis  eorundem ;  in  quo  quidem  scru- 
tinio  facta  collatione  inter  se  numeri  ad  numerum  duntaxat  si  invene- 
rint  unam  personam  vota  majoris  partis  cuiuslibet  facultatis  omnium 
sociorum  predictorum  tunc  presencium  habere,  ipsum  scrutinium  de 
huiusmodi  nominata  persona  mox  per  unum  eorum  publicent  in 
communi,  qua  publicacione  sic  facta,  ilia  persona  pro  nominata  in 
custodem  habeatur,  in  quam  maior  pars  omnium  sociorum  predic- 
torum tunc  presencium  consenserit  supradicta.     Si  vero  in  dicto 

'  Vote 


47°  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

serutinio  in  unam  personam  consensum  non  fuerit  ut  prefertur,  tunc 
iterate  absque  omni  tumultu,  contradiccione,  querela,  appellacione, 
supplicacione,  seu  quocunque  alio  juris  vel  facti  impedimento  elec- 
cioni  future  sive  nominacioni  prestando  fiat  consimile  scrutinium 
modo  et  forma  predictis,  donee  in  unam  personam  ad  officium  cus- 
todis  per  maiorem  partem  sociorum  predictorum  consensum  fuerit  et 
assensum.  Quibus  omnibus  sic  peractis,  nullo  alio  jure  ordine  vel  pro- 
cessu  aut  solempnitate  in  hac  parte  observatis,  seu  eciam  requisitis, 
ilia  persona  in  custodem  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  sic  in  seru- 
tinio finaliter  nominata,  citius  quo  comode  fieri  poterit,  per  unum  de 
senioribus  ipsius  Collegii  Oxonie  una  cum  litteris  formam  eleccionis 
prefate  necnon  presentis  nostri  statuti  et  nominati  huiusmodi  jura- 
menti  prestandi  tenores  plenarie  continentibus  sigillo  comuni  dicti 
Collegii  Oxonie  sigillatis  Dno  Epo  Wyntonie  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit, 
vel  ipso  in  remotis  agente,  ipsius  in  spiritualibus  vicario  generali,  aut 
sede  episcopali  vacante,  custodi  spiritualitatis  eiusdem  presentetur  : 
quibus  quidem  litteris  super  eleccione  seu  nominacione  huiusmodi 
ipsiusque  modo  et  forma  absque  probacione  alia,  plenam  fidem  volu- 
mus  adhiberi.  Qui  quidem  socius  cum  dicta  persona  in  custodem 
Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  nominata  mittendus  coram  Dno  Epo 
Wyntonie,  seu  illo  cui  dictam  presentacionem  fieri  contingit,  colla- 
tionem  facere  teneatur  dictum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam,  personam- 
que  nominatam,  et  omnes  alias  personas  dicti  Collegii  eidem  specialiter 
decenter  et  honorifice  commendando.  Ipse  vero  Dnus  Epus  Wyn- 
tonie seu  ipsius  vicarius  generalis  aut  custos  spiritualitatis  predictus, 
cum  dictam  presentacionem  fieri  continget,  eleccionem  sic  factam 
absque  more  dispendio  et  sine  processu  judiciario,  et  absque  impug- 
nacione  eleccionis,  jure  nominacionis  predicte  confirmet.  Si  ante m 
Dnus  Epus  supradictus,  aliusve  ex  predictis  personis  ad  quem  dictam 
presentacionem  fieri  contigerit,  per  quinque  dies  a  tempore  presen- 
tacionis  predicte  sibi  facte  continue  numerandos  noluerit  eleccionem 
de  persona  predicta  in  forma  predicta  et  infra  mensem  predictum 
factam  confirmare,  extunc  electus  huiusmodi  eo  ipso  presentis  nostri 
statuti  vigore  in  custodem  dicti  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  sit 
prefectus,  et  pro  vero  custode  et  perpetuo  habeatur.  Si  vero 
socii*  dicti  nostri  Collegii  infra  mensem  supradictum  non  elegerint 
aut  prefatam  eleccionis  formam  non  observaverint,  tunc  omni  potes- 
tate  eligendi  ilia  vice  ipsos  volumus  fore  privatos  ac  potestatem 
providendi  prefato  CoUegio  prope  Wyntoniam  de  custode  ydoneo 
Dno  Epo  Wyntoniam,  vel  ipsius  vicario,  aut  cusiodi  supradicto  cui 
presentacio  facta,  aut  alias  facienda  fuerit  supradicta  in  dictis  casi- 
bus  concedimus  per  presentes.  Ita  tamen  quod  unum  socium 
verum  et  perpetuum  ipsius  Collegii  Oxonie  seu  socium  presbyterum 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam,  vel  qui  prius  fuerat  in  Collegio  Oxonie  seu 
in  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam,  et  ex  causis  honestis  recesserat  ab 


Appendix  XL  471 

eodem,  virum  utique  ydoneum  et  discrctum,  providum  et  eciam 
circumspectum,  modo  quo  premittitur  graduatum  in  sacris  ordinibus 
constitutum  quam  citius  fieri  poterit  in  presbiterum  ordinandum, 
triginta  etatis  sue  annos  habentem,  eciam  si  beneficiatus  existat, 
quern  secundum  Deum  et  conscienciam  suam  bonam  ad  ofiicium 
custodis  huiusmodi  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  magis  ydoneum,  aptum, 
et  utilem  esse  crediderit,  in  casibus  supradictis  infra  quindenam 
ex  tunc  immediate  sequentem  preficiat  in  custodem.  Custodem 
vero  huiusmodi,  qualitercunque  confirmatus  seu  prefectus  fuerit, 
statim  post  confirmacionem  vel  prefeccionem  suam,  primo  coram 
illo  qui  ipsum  confirmaverit  vel  prefecerit  in  custodem,  et  subse- 
quenter  coram  scolaribus  et  presbiteris  sociis  Collegii  nostri  prope 
Wyntoniam,  antequam  ad  administracionem  aliquam  admittatur,tactis 
et  inspectis  per  ipsum  sacrosanctis  Evangeliis  subscriptum  volumus 
prestare  juramentum. — '  Ego  N.  in  custodem  CoJlegii  sancte  Marie 
prope  Wyntoniam  prefectus  juro,  tactis  et  inspectis  per  me  istis 
sacrosanctis  Evangeliis,  quod  dictum  Collegium  omnesque  terras, 
tenementa,  possessiones,  redditus  spirituales  et  temporales,  jura, 
libertates,  privilegia,  et  bona  quecunque  eiusdem,  necnon  omnes  et 
singulos  scolares,  socios,  et  personas  ipsius  Collegii  juxta  statuta 
et  ordinaciones  reverendi  patris  Dm  Willmi  de  Wykeham  funda- 
toris  ipsius  Collegii  absque  personarum,  generis,  aut  patrie  excep- 
tione  quacunque,  regam,  custodiam,  dirigam  et  eciam  gubemabo, 
et  per  alios  regi,  custodiri,  dirigi  et  gubernari  faciam  juxta  posse. 
Item  quod  non  magis  uni  quam  alteri  scolarium,  presbiterorum, 
sociorum,  et  personarum  dicti  Collegii  injuste  favens  aut  partialis 
ero,  nee  me  partem  pro  aliquo  aliqualiter  faciam  contra  justiciam 
aut  contra  charitatis  et  fraternitatis  amorem  gravamina  vel  moles- 
tias  alicui  quomodolibet  per  me  vel  alium  inferendo.  Quodque 
quantum  in  me  fuerit  correcciones,  puniciones,  et  reformaciones 
debitas  racionabiles  atque  justas  de  quibuslibet  delictis,  crimini- 
bus,  et  excessibus  sociorum  scolarium  et  personarum  dicti  Collegii 
quorumcunque,  quociens  ubi  et  quando  ac  prout  opus  fuerit,  juxta 
negocii  qualitatem  omnemque  vim,  formam,  et  effectum  ordinacionum 
et  statutorum  dicti  Collegii  per  dictum  patrem  editorum,  absque 
partialitate  quacunque,  postpositis  et  cessantibus  omnimodis  prece, 
precio,  amore,  timore,  odio,  invidia,  et  favore,  necnon  affeccionibus 
consanguinitatis  et  affinitatis  prerogativis  et  specialibus,  ex  quibus- 
cunque  causis  pretensis  et  conceptis,  diligenter  et  indifferenter 
faciam  et  exercebo,  seu  per  alios  fieri  et  exerceri  faciam,  et  eciam 
procurabo,  et  ea,  quae  in  ea  parte  fuerint  facienda,  fideliter  in 
omnibus  cxsequar  et  exsequi  faciam  juxta  posse.  Item  quod  gu- 
bernacioni  et  regimini  omnium  terrarum,  posscssionum  et  reddi- 
tuum  spiritualium  ct  temporalium,  necnon  administracionum  bono- 
rum   et  rerum   ad   ipsum   Collegium   qualitercunque  pertinencium 


47*  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

cum  omni  diligencia  et  providencia  mihi  a  Deo  concessis  fideliter 
et  diligenter  intendam  ac  alios  eiusdem  CoUegii  officiarios  et 
ministros  deputatos  et  deputandos  eorum  officiis  et  ministeriis  inten- 
dere  faciam  juxta  posse.  Item  quod  omnia  et  singula  bona  et 
catalla  dicti  CoUegii  ad  comodum  et  utilitatem  eiusdem,  prout 
necessitas  evidens  exegerit  ac  statuta  et  ordinaciones  predicti  patris 
in  hac  parte  dictaverint,  administrabo,  eaque  procurabo  et  faciam 
utiliter  et  fideliter  ab  aliis  ministrari,  et  quae  residua  fuerint  et 
excrescent  conservabo  et  faciam  ad  incrementum  dicti  CoUegii  et 
comodum  fideliter  conservari.  Item  quod  lites  et  placita  quecun- 
que  ipsius  CoUegii  defendam,  necnon  omnia  et  singula  negocia  ipsum 
Collegium  qualitercunque  concernencia  prosequar  diligenter,  pos- 
sessionesque,  libertates,  privilegia  et  jura  quecunque  ipsius  Col- 
legii  manutenebo  viriliter  et  defendam  et  ab  aliis  manuteneri 
faciam  et  defendi.  Ita  tamen  quod  causas  placita  aut  lites 
graves  in  quibus  verti  poterit  ipsius  CoUegii  exheredacio  vel 
grave  prejudicium  absque  omnium  dicti  CoUegii  capellanorum 
sociorum,  vel  maioris  partis  eorundem,  maturo  et  deliberato  con- 
sensu, consilio,  et  assensu  non  incipiam  vel  movebo,  nee  inchoari  aut 
moveri  faciam  quovismodo.  Item  quod  ultra  duos  menses  continues 
vel  interpellatis  vicibus  discontinues  in  anno  aliquo  a  dicto  Collegio 
absens  non  ero  nisi  in  et  pro  negociis  CoUegii  supradicti.  Item  quo- 
ciens  aliqua  eleccio  de  scolaribus  in  Collegium  Oxonie  vel  in  Colle- 
gium prope  Wyntoniam  predictum  immineat  facienda,  ut  solum  tales 
eligantur  quos  secundum  ordinaciones,  condiciones  et  qualitates  in 
ordinacionibus  et  statutis  dictorum  Collegiorum  expressas  habiles 
et  ydoneos  reputaverim,  et  quos  in  scienciis  et  facultatibus  quibus 
insistent  ad  comodum  et  utilitatem  Collegiorum  ipsorum  plus 
posse  proficere  ac  debere  firmiter  crediderim,  sine  personarum  vel 
patrie  accepcione,  amore,  odio,  invidia,  et  favore,  timore  prece  ac 
precio  postpositis  quibuscunque,  quantum  ad  me  pertinet,  partes 
meas  fideliter  interponam  et  id  fieri  effectualiter  procurabo.  Item 
ut  dicto  Collegio  et  scolaribus  eiusdem  de  bonis  honestis  suffici- 
entibus  et  ydoneis  magistro  informatore  et  hostiario  sub  ipso  pro 
informacione  dictorum  scolarium  provideatur  debitam  diligenciam 
faciam  et  apponam,  ipsosque  circa  eorum  ofiicia  insistere  et  eisdem 
vacare,  ac  ea  diligenter  et  fideliter  exercere,  quantum  in  me  fuerit, 
et  ad  me  pertinet,  faciam  et  eciam  procurabo,  ipsos  eciam  circa 
ipsorum  ofiicia  predicta  negligentes,  culpabiles,  vel  alias  inutiles 
prout  comodo  utilitati  et  honori  dicti  CoUegii  magis  expedire  vide- 
bitur  corripiam,  puniam,  vel  alias  ab  eorum  officiis  ammovebo. 
Item  in  casu  quo  ab  officio  meo  ob  culpam  meam  vel  eciam  ob 
aliam  causam  me  ammoveri  contingat,  vel  si  forsan  officio  cedam 
eidem,  bona  dicti  CoUegii  que  post  ammocionem  vel  cessionem 
huiusmodi  recepero,  et  quae  per  me  prius  recepta  michi  aut  usui 


Appendix  XL  473 

meo  applicavero,  preter  ilia  que  michi  pro  huiusmodi  officio  in  dicti 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  statutis  etordinacionibus  disponuntur,  suc- 
cessori  meo  custodi  dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  et  eidem  Collegio 
integre  restituam  et  refundam  absque  contradiccione  seu  diminu- 
cione  quacunque.  Item  si  per  me  vel  occasione  mei  aliqua  dis- 
sentionis  materia,  ire,  vel  discordie,  in  dicto  Collegio  prope  Wyn- 
toniam, quod  absit,  suscitata  fuerit,  si  super  ipsam  materiam  per 
socios  capellanos  et  magistrum  informatorem  scolarium  finis  ration- 
abilis  factus  non  fuerit,  tunc  ordinacioni  disposicioni  et  arbitrio 
domini  Epi  Wyntonie  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  seu  ipso  in  remotis 
agente,  eius  vicarii  in  spiritualibus  generalis,  vel  Episcopali  sede 
vacante,  custodis  spiritualitatis  eiusdem,  stabo  *,  et  quod  eorum  ali- 
quis  statuerit  et  diffinierit,  in  ea  parte  fideliter  observabo,  et  eidem 
cum  effectu  parebo,  sine  contradiccione  quacunque,  cessantibus  ap- 
pellacionibus,  provocacionibus,  querelis,  exceptionibus,  et  aliis  juris 
et  facti  remediis  quibuscunque,  quibus  omnibus  et  singulis  in  vim 
pacti  renuncio  in  his  scriptis.  Item  quod  ordinaciones  et  statuta 
dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  necnon  et  Collegii  beate  Marie  in 
Oxonia  per  dictum  reverendum  patrem  Dm  Willmum  de  Wyke- 
ham  dictorum  Collegiorum  fundatorem  edita  et  edenda,  quatenus 
ipsa  me  concernunt,  secundum  planum  litteralem  et  gramati- 
calem  sensum  et  intellectum  corundum  inviolabiliter  tenebo,  exse- 
quar,  et  observabo,  et  quantum  in  me  fuerit,  faciam  teneri,  ex- 
sequi,  et  ab  aliis  observari.  Item  quod  secreta  dictorum  Colle- 
giorum in  dampnum  et  prejudicium  eorundem  non  revelabo  ad  extra 
quovismodo.  Item  quod  ad  dictorum  Collegiorum  melioracionem, 
augmentacionem  bonorum  terrarum  possessionum  reddituum  et 
jurium,  eorundemque  conservacionem  et  descripcionem  promocio- 
nemque,  et  expedicionem  negociorum  dictorum  Collegiorum  quo- 
rumcunque  ad  quemcunque  statum,  gradum,  dignitatem,  vel  officiura 
imposterum  devenero  in  sanis  consiliis,  beneficiis,  favoribus,  et 
auxiliis,  quantum  in  me  fuerit  et  ad  me  pertinuerit,  diligenter 
juvabo,  et  pro  eisdem  fideliter  laborabo,  et  usque  ad  finalem  et 
felicem  expediccionem  negociorum  dictorum  juxta  posse  instabo, 
quamdiu  vixero  in  hoc  mundo.  Item  quod  non  procurabo  diminu- 
cionem,  mutacionem,  translacionem,  seu  annuUacionem  alicuius 
Humeri  scolarium  in  aliqua  sciencia  seu  facultate,  nee  eciam  numeri 
presbiterorum  clericorum  aut  ceterorum  ministrorum  capella- 
norum  dictorum  Collegiorum,  statutis  et  ordinacionibus  eorundem 
limitati,  contra  formam  statute  rum  et  ordinacionum  eorundem  Col- 
legiorum, vel  ea  fieri  permittam,  seu  tolerabo,  secundum  meum 
posse,  seu  eisdem  consentiam  quovismodo.  Itemque  nulla  alia 
statuta  seu  ordinaciones,  interpretaciones,  immutaciones,  injunc- 
ciones,  declaraciones  aut  exposiciones  vel  glosas  alias  presen- 
'  I  will  abide  by. 


474  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

tibus  ordinacionibus  et  statutis,  vel  qualitercunque  vero  sensui  et 
intellectui  eorundem  repugnantes  vel  repugnancia,  derogantes  vel 
derogantia,  contrarias  vel  contraria,  per  quemcunque  seu  quoscun- 
que  alium  vel  alios  quam  predictum  reverendum  patrem  Willmum 
de  Wykeham,  fundatorem  predictum,  fiendas  vel  fienda  quomodo- 
libet  acceptabo,  vel  ad  ea  consentiam  aut  ipsa  aliqualiter  admittam, 
nee  eisdem  parebo  ullo  tempore  vel  intendam,  nee  illis  vel  eorum 
aliquo  ullo  modo  utar  in  Collegiis  predictis,  vel  extra,  tacite  vel 
expresse  ;  sed  eis  et  eorum  cuilibet  contradicam  et  eciam  resistam 
expresse,  ipsaque  fieri  viis  et  modis  omnibus  quibus  scivero  im- 
pediam  juxta  posse.  Item  quod  non  ero  detractor,  susurro,  seu 
faciens  obloquia,  aut  provocans  invidiam,  odium,  iram,  discordias, 
contumelias,  rixas  et  jurgia,  aut  speciales  vel  precellentes  pre- 
rogativas  nobilitatis,  generis,  scienciarum,  facultatum,  aut  divitiarum 
allegans,  nee  inter  socios  eorundem  Collegiorum  vel  alios  Universi- 
tatis  Oxonie  scolares  australes,  aquilonares,  seu  boreales,  aut 
scienciarum  ad  sciencias,  facultatum  ad  facultates,  patrie  ad  patriam, 
generis  ad  genus,  nobilitatis  ad  nobilitatem  vel  ad  ignobilitatem, 
seu  alias  qualitercunque  comparaciones,  que  odiose  sunt,  in  verbo 
vel  in  facto  causa  commovendi  maliciose  socios  vel  scolares,  scien- 
cias, seu  eciam  facultates,  tacite  vel  expresse,  publice  vel  occulta, 
faciam  quovismodo.  Item  quod  nullas  contumelias,  conventiculas, 
conspiraciones,  confederaciones,  aut  pacciones  aliquas  ubicunque 
infra  regnum  Anglie  vel  extra  contra  ordinaciones  vel  statuta  dicta 
Collegia  concernentia,  vel  contra  ipsorum  Collegiorum  statum,  co- 
modum,  vel  honorem,  aut  contra  custodem  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  vel 
aliquem  socium  dictorum  Collegiorum  illicite  faciam  nee  ipsa  pro- 
curabo  seu  permittam  ab  aliis  fieri  quantum  in  me  fuerit  quo- 
modolibet  in  futurum,  seu  facientibus  ipsa  vel  ipsorum  aliquod 
prestabo  seu  dabo  consilium,  auxilium  vel  favorem,  aut  eisdem 
scienter  interesse  presumam,  nee  ipsis  consentiam  tacite  vel  ex- 
presse. Item  quod  consanguineos  dicti  fundatoris  nostri  in  scolares 
presentis  Collegii,  aliosque  scolares  pauperes  et  indigentes  juxta 
formam,  ordinacionem,  et  statutorum  dicti  patris  in  hoc  casu  edi- 
torum  eligendos  seu  nominandos  in  dictum  Collegium  prope 
Wyntoniam  admittam  et  admitti  faciam  juxta  posse.  Item  quod  con- 
sanguineos dicti  fundatoris  nostri  in  veros  socios  Collegii  Sancte 
Marie  Oxonie  scolaresque  alios  presentis  Collegii  Sancte  Marie 
prope  Wyntoniam  in  ipsum  Collegium  Oxonie  ad  annos  probacionis 
juxta  formam  ordinacionis  et  statuti  superiiis  editi  in  hoc  casu 
electos,  seu  eciam  eligendos,  procurabo  admitti  et  faciam  juxta 
posse,  sicut  et  prout  superius  in  ordinacione  et  statuto  predictis 
plenius  continetur.  Quodque  contra  Dominum  Episcopum  Wyn- 
toniensem  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  aut  ecclesiam  Wyntonie  prio- 
remve  aut  capitulum  ipsius  ccclesie  in  aliqua  causa  ipsam  ecclesiam 


Appendix  XI.  475 

concernente  scienter  non  ero  consilio,  auxilio,  vel  favore,  causa 
mca  propria  et  dictorum  Collegiorum  causa  duntaxat  excepta.  Item 
quod  non  impetrabo  dispensacionem  aliquam  contra  juramenta 
mea  predicta  ct  contra  ordinaciones  et  statuta  de  quibus  premit- 
titur,  aut  ipsorum  aliquod,  nee  dispensacionem  huiusmodi  per  me, 
alium,  vel  alios,  publice  vel  occulte  impetrari  aut  fieri  procurabo 
directe  vel  indirecte.  Et  si  forte  aliquam  dispensacionem  huiusmodi 
impetrari  vel  gratis  offerri  aut  concedi  contigerit,  cuiuscunque 
fuerit  auctoritate,  seu  si  generaliter  vel  specialiter  aut  alias  sub 
quacunque  forma  verborum  concessa,  ipsa  non  utar  nee  eidem 
consentiam  quovismodo.  Sic  me  Deus  adjuvet  et  hec  sancta 
Dei  Evangelia.  Et  si  contingat  imposterum  propter  mea  demerita 
seu  causas  in  presentibus  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  contentas  juxta 
formam  ordinacionum  ac  statutorum  dictorum  ab  officio  meo  ex- 
pelli  seu  alias  ammoveri  ex  certa  mea  sciencia,  pure,  sponte, 
simpliciter,  et  absolute  omni  actioni  occasione  expulsionis  seu 
ammocionis  huiusmodi  contra  ipsius  CoUegii  Oxonie  socios  vel 
socium  quemcunque  instituende  appellacioni  et  querele  in  ea 
parte  fiendis  ac  quarumcunque  litterarum  impetracioni  precibus 
principum,  prelatorum,  procerum,  magnatum  et  aliorum  quorum- 
cunque,  necnon  et  quibuscunque  curie  ecclesiastice  vel  secularis, 
ac  aliis  omnibus  remediis  juris  et  facti  per  quas  aut  que  petere 
possem  me  reconciliari,  vel  in  integrum  restitui,  contra  premissa, 
quantumcunque  alias  michi  probitatis  et  vite  merita  suftragentur, 
in  vim  pacti  renuncio  in  his  scriptis.'  Volumusque  quod  de  jura- 
mento  predicto  fiat  statim  instrumentum,  cum  publico  signo  et 
subscripcione  alicuius  notarii  publici  munitum,  ipsius  juramenti 
tenorem,  diemque,  ac  nomen  et  cognomen,  ac  cuius  diocesis  existat 
continens  sic  jurantis,  quod  in  thesauraria  comuni  dicti  CoUegii  nostri 
Oxonie  perpetuo  remaneat  sub  custodia  diligenti. 

VII.  De  Officio  Custodis  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam. 
Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos  Collegii 
nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  singulis  scolaribus  ipsius  Collegii,  sociis 
presbiteris  perpetuis,  magistro  informatori  scolarium  in  gramatica, 
hostiario  sub  ipso,  et  clericis  capelle,  necnon  omnibus  et  singulis 
ipsius  Collegii  personis,  officiariis,  et  ministris,  quocunque  nomine 
censeantur,  premineat  atque  presit,  eosque  juxta  ordinaciones  et 
statuta  nostra  in  ea  parte  edita,  et  nostris  temporibus  per  nos 
edenda,  regat,  dirigat,  et  gubernet,  et  eosdem  omnes  et  singulog 
juxta  eorum  demerita  corrigat,  puniat,  et  castiget  secundum  nos- 
trorum  statutorum  et  ordinacionum  ipsius  Collegii  vim,  formam, 
et  effectum  ;  quodque  idem  custos  felici  ac  salubri  regimini  atque 
cure  ipsius  nostri  Collegii  et  personarum  eiusdem,  terrarumque, 
possessionum,  reddituum  spiritualium  et  temporalium  Collegii  supra- 


476  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

dicti,  necnon  administracioni  rerum  ac  bonorum  quorumcunque  ad 
ipsum  Collegium  qualitercunque  pertinencium  cum  omni  diligencia 
et  providencia  fideliter  et  diligenter  intendat,  ac  alios  nostri  Col- 
legii  officiarios  et  ministros  deputatos  et  eciam  deputandos  eorum 
officiis  et  ministeriis  intendere,  et  ea  diligenter  exercere  ad  como- 
dum,  utilitatem,  et  honorem  dicti  Collegii  faciat  juxta  posse,  ipsa- 
que,  omnia  et  singula,  quantum  ad  ipsum  pertinet,  fideliter  custo- 
diat  et  gubernet,  ac  per  alios  eiusdem  Collegii  officiarios  et 
ministros  faciat  gubernari  et  eciam  custodiri,  bonaque  omnia  et 
singula  supradicta  in  comodum  et  utilitatem  dicti  Collegii,  prout 
necessitas  evidens  exegerit,  et  ordinaciones  et  statuta  nostra  in 
hac  parte  pleniiis  dictaverint,  procuret,  et  faciat  utiliter  dispensari 
et  in  omnibus  ministrari.  Ea  vero,  que  residua  fuerint  et  excre- 
scent, procuret  et  faciat  ad  incrementum  dicti  Collegii  fideliter  con- 
servari.  Statuimus  insuper,  volumus,  et  ordinamus,  quod  omnia 
placita  tam  realia  quam  personalia  dictum  nostrum  Collegium  prope 
Wyntoniam  et  omnes  possessiones  eiusdem  adquisitas  et  eciam 
adquirendas  qualitercunque  concernencia,  in  quibuscunque  curiis 
moveantur,  custos  eiusdem  Collegii  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  ipsius 
custodis  nomine  duntaxat  prosequatur  eciam  et  defendat,  scolarium 
sive  capellanorum  dicti  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  nomina- 
cione  vel  mencione  aliqua  in  prosecucione  seu  defensione  huiusmodi 
minime  requisitis  ^.  Ita  tamen  quod  lites  graves  vel  ardua  ne- 
gocia,  in  quibus  verti  poterit  ipsius  Collegii  grave  dampnum  sive 
prejudicium,  absque  omnium  dicti  Collegii  capellanorum,  seu  maioris 
partis  eorundem,  consilio  et  assensu  incipere  vel  aggredi  non  de- 
bebit ;  statu entes  preterea  quod  ultra  duos  menses  continuos  vel 
interpellatis  vicibus  discontinuos  in  anno  eodem  custos  a  dicto 
Collegio  nullatenus  se  absentet,  nisi  in  negociis  Collegii  supra 
dicti,  prout  in  ipsius  juramento  superius  est  contentum.  Proviso 
semper  ut  sic  captet  dictus  custos  tempus  sive  horam  absencie 
huiusmodi  quod  in  dampnum  seu  prejudicium  dicti  Collegii  sua 
absencia  non  redundet. 

VIII.    De  Eleccione  Capellanorum  in  socios  perpetuos  dicti 

Collegii. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  in  dicto  Collegio 
nostro  prope  Wyntoniam  preter  et  ultra  numerum  dictorum  custodis 
et  septuaginta  scolarium  sint  semper  et  continue,  ut  predictum 
est,  decem  presbiteri  seculares  socii  perpetui  ac  tres  alii  presbi- 
teri,  conductitii  et  remotivi,  sufficientis  litterature  legendi  et  cantandi 

*  Hence,  probably,  the  habit  of  the  early  Wardens  of  suing  as  if  they  were 
Corporations  sole,  and  not  in  the  name  of  the  *  Warden  and  Scholars — Clerks,' 
when  the  subject  matter  was  of  no  great  importance. 


Appendix  XL  477 

peritiam  et  habilitatem  habentes,  per  custodem  et  socios  presbi- 
teros  communiter  eligendi  vel  assumendi,  capelle  dicti  Collegii  in 
divinis  servire,  et  in  ea  ministrare  debentes.  In  quo  quidem  Col- 
legio  quociens  locum  alicuius  de  dicto  presbiterorum  sociorum 
perpetuorum  numero  vacare  contigerit,  custos  et  presbiteri  socii 
perpetui  omnes  et  singuli  tunc  presentes  citius  quo  poterunt  in 
Capella  dicti  Collegii  pro  novo  socio  presbitero  providendo  con- 
veniant,  et  prestito  per  ipsonim  presbiterorum  quemlibet,  custode 
eos  onerante,  ad  sancta  Dei  Evangelia  corporali  juramento,  quod 
cessantibus  amore,  odio,  favore,  partialitate,  et  affeccione  sinistris 
quibuscunque,  tales  in  hac  parte  nominabunt  et  eligent,  quos  pro 
honore  utilitate  et  comodo  dicti  Collegii  magis  profuturos  credi- 
derint,  custode  primitiis  coram  dictis  presbiteris  consimile  jura- 
mentum  prestante,  vicecustode  juramentum  huiusmodi  exigente 
vel  presbitero  alio  seniore,  iidem  custos  et  presbiteri  alium 
presbiterum  seu  presbiteros  loco  deficientis  huiusmodi  seu  pres- 
biterorum deficiencium  de  sociis  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie,  vel  de 
eis  qui  prius  fuerant,  et  in  eodem  et  ex  causis  honestis  et  licitis 
recesserunt  ab  ipso  primo,  qui  sufficienter  sciat  et  valeat  capelle 
predicte  juxta  ordinaciones  et  statuta  Collegii  nostri  predicti  prope 
Wyntoniam  deservire  :  Deinde  de  presbiteris  conductitiis  eiusdem 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam,  vel  de  eis  qui  primo  fuerant  in  eodem, 
habilem  et  sufficientem,  ac  postea  de  Collegiis  vel  locis  aliis  juxta 
ipsorum  discrecionem,  nominent  ac  eligant  presbiterum  vite  lauda- 
bilis,  morum  ac  condicionis  et  conversacionis  honeste,  in  tempor- 
alibus  providum,  et  in  spiritualibus  circumspectum,  sufficientis 
litterature,  legendi  et  cantandi  peritiam  et  habilitatem  habentem,  ac 
in  facultate  aliqua,  si  talis  comode  haberi  poterit,  graduatum.  In 
qua  quidem  nominacione  illis  de  dioc.  Wyntonie  primo,  deinceps 
seriatim  de  comitatibus  Oxonie,  Berk.,  Wiltes,  Buk.,  Essex,  Midd., 
Dorset,  Kane,  Sussex,  et  Cantabrug.,  volumus  anteferri,  hoc  eciam 
adjecto,  quod  cum  nominacionem  et  eleccionem  huiusmodi  fieri  conti- 
gerit, tot  nominentur  persone  habentes  condiciones  et  quaUtates 
predictas,  quod  verisimile  sit  ex  ipsis  nominatis  suppled  debere 
presbiterorum  numerum  requisitum,  Quibus  quidem  nominacione 
et  eleccione  sic  factis,  predicti  custos  et  socii  dicti  Collegii  prope 
Wyntoniam  citius  quo  comode  poterunt  infra  sex  dies  nominacionem 
eandem  presbiteris  sic  nominatis  et  electis  seriatim  ordine  illo, 
quo  fuerint  nominati,  et  prout  opus  fuerit,  pro  suppletione  numeri 
predicti  per  ipsorum  litteras  sigillo  comuni  dicti  Collegii  prope 
Wyntoniam  sigillatas  intimare  celeriter  teneantur,  quorum  quemlibet 
taliter  nominatum  citius  quo  poterit  infra  triduum  a  tempore  inti- 
macionis  sibi  facte,  si  consentire  voluerit,  nominacioni  et  eleccioni 
de  se  factis  consensum  prestare,  ac  custodem  vel  vicecustodem 
Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  certificare  litteratorie  volumus  in 


47 8  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

hac  parte :  proviso  tamen  semper,  quod  cuiuscunque  presbiteri 
huiusmodi  nominacio  eleccio  et  admissio  eiusdem  in  Collegium 
prope  Wyntoniam  infra  unius  mensis  spacium  a  tempore  vacacionis 
predicte  continue  numerandum  modo  et  forma  predictis  finaliter 
terminetur.  Jurabuntque  nominati  et  electi  huiusmodi  ad  sancta 
Dei  Evangelia  antequam  in  Collegium  nostrum  Wyntoniam  realiter 
admittantur  sub  hac  forma — '  Ego  N.,  presbiter,  in  socium  perpe- 
tuum  CoUegii  Beate  Marie  prope  Wynton.  nominatus  et  electus 
juro  ad  hec  sancta  Dei  evangelia  per  me  corporaliter  tacta,  quod 
omnia  statuta  et  ordinaciones  dictum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam 
necnon  Collegium  Beate  Marie  Wyntonie  in  Oxonia  concernencia 
per  reverendum  patrem  Willmum  de  Wykeham  Collegiorum  dic- 
torum  fundatorem  edita  et  edenda,  ac  omnia  et  singula  in  eisdem 
contenta,  quatenus  ipsa  me  concernunt,  secundum  planum,  litteralem, 
et  gramaticalem  sensum  et  intellectum  eorundem  inviolabiliter  te- 
nebo  et  eciam  observabo,  et  faciam  eciam,  quantum  in  me  fuerit, 
ab  aliis  teneri  et  eciam  observari,  alioquin  penas  in  non  parentes 
in  premissis,  vel  eorum  aliquo,  in  dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam 
ordinacionibus  et  statutis  inflictas  et  eciam  ordinatas  sine  contradic- 
cione  quacunque  subibo  et  me  humiliter  subiturum  promitto  juxta 
omnem  vim  formam  et  effectum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  dictorum. 
Item,  si  contingat  me  scire  aliqua  secreta  Collegiorum  dictorum  ipsa 
non  revelabo  ad  extra.  Item  quod  ad  dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam 
melioracionem,  augmentacionem  bonorum  terrarum  possessionum 
reddituum,  et  jurium  eiusdem  conservacionem,  et  defensionem  pro- 
mocionemque  et  expedicionem  negociorum  dicti  Collegii  quorum- 
cunque  ad  quemcunque  statum,  gradum,  dignitatem  vel  officium 
imposterum  devenero  in  sanis  consiliis,  beneficiis,  favoribus,  et 
auxiliis,  quatenus  in  me  fuerit  et  ad  me  pertinuerit,  diligenter  ju- 
vabo  et  pro  eisdem  fideliter  laborabo,  et  usque  ad  finalem  et  felicem 
expedicionem  negociorum  predicti  Collegii  juxta  posse  instabo 
quamdiu  vixero  in  hoc  mundo.  Item  quod  non  procurabo  dimi- 
nucionem,  mutacionem,  seu  annullacionem  numeri  scolarium  pres- 
biterorum  aut  ministrorum  capelle  ipsius  Collegii  presentibus 
statutis  et  ordinacionibus  limitati,  contra  formam  statutorum  et  ordi- 
nacionem  eorundem,  vel  ea  fieri  permittam  secundum  meum  posse, 
aut  eisdem  consenciam  quovismodo.  Quodque  nulla  alia  statuta 
seu  ordinaciones,  interpretaciones,  mutaciones,  injuncciones,  de- 
claraciones  aut  exposiciones  vel  glosas  alias  presentibus  nostris 
ordinacionibus  et  statutis  vel  qualitercunque  vero  sensui  et  intel- 
lectui  eorundem  repugnantes  vel  repugnantia,  derogantes  vel  dero- 
gantia,  contrarias  vel  contraria,  per  quemcunque  seu  quoscunque 
alium  vel  alios  quam  per  eundem  patrem  Willmum  de  Wykeham, 
fundatorem  predictum,  fiendas  vel  fienda,  quomodolibet  acceptabo 
vel  ad  ea  consentiam,  aut    ipsa   aliqualiter  admittam,  nee    eisdem 


Appendix  XI.  479 

parebo  ullo  tempore  vel  intendam,  nee  illis  vel  eorum  aliquo  ullo 
modo  utar  in  Collegio  vel  extra,  tacite  vel  expresse :  sed  eis  et 
eorum  cuilibet  contradicam  et  eciam  resistam  expresse,  ipsaque 
fieri  viis  et  modis  omnibus  quibus  scivero  impediam  juxta  posse. 
Item  quod  non  ero  detractor,  susurro,  seu  faciens  obloquia  aut 
provocans  invidiam,  iram,  discordias,  contumelias,  rixas,  vel  jurgia, 
aut  speciales  vel  precellentes  prerogativas  nobilitatis,  generis,  aut  di- 
vitiarum  allegans,  nee  inter  socios  vel  scolares  eiusdem  Collegii  prope 
Wyntoniam,  patrie  ad  patriam,  generis  ad  genus,  nobilitatis  ad  nobili- 
tatem  vel  ad  ignobilitatem,  seu  alias  qualitercunque  comparaciones, 
que  odiose  sunt,  in  verbo  vel  in  facto,  causa  commovendi  maliciose 
socios  vel  scolares,  tacite  vel  expresse,  publice  vel  occulte,  faciam  quo- 
vismodo.  Item  quod  nuUas  contumelias,  conventiculas,  conspira- 
ciones,  confederaciones,  seu  pacciones  aliquas  ubicunque  infra  regnum 
Anglie,  vel  extra,  contra  ordinaciones  vel  statuta  dictum  Collegium 
prope  Wyntoniam  concernencia,  vel  contra  ipsius  Collegii  statum, 
comodum,  vel  honorem,  aut  contra  custodem,  vicecustodem,  vel 
aliquem  socium  eiusdem  Collegii  illicite  faciam,  nee  ipsa  procurabo 
seu  permittam  ab  aliis  fieri,  quantum  in  me  fuerit  quomodolibet  in 
futurum ;  nee  facientibus  ipsa,  vel  eorum  aliquod,  prestabo  seu 
dabo  consilium,  auxilium,  vel  favorem,  aut  eisdem  scienter  interesse 
presumam,  nee  ipsis  consentiam  tacite  vel  expresse.  Item  quod 
fidelis  ero  ac  eciam  diligens  in  quocunque  officio  ad  quod  me  in 
eodem  Collegio  deputari  contigerit  et  assumi ;  illudque  cum  de- 
putatus  fuero  admittam,  et  pro  posse  meo  fideliter  adimplebo. 
Quodque  dicto  Collegio  fidelis  ero,  dampna,  scandala,  vel  prejudicia 
dicti  Collegii,  quantum  in  me  fuerit,  nuUatenus  faciam,  nee  quo- 
modolibet fieri  sustinebo,  sed  per  me  et  alios  ilia  modis  quibus 
potero  ut  fiant  impediam,  et  si  ipsa  impedire  non  potero  custodi, 
vicecustodi,  et  bursariis  dicti  Collegii  plenarie  revelabo.  Custodi 
insuper,  vicecustodi,  ac  meis  superioribus  in  Ileitis  et  honestis, 
et  maxime  in  dictis  Collegii  negociis,  obediam  et  assistam,  et  re- 
verenciam  debitam  obedienter  impendam,  monicionibusque,  injune- 
cionibus,  et  decretis,  correccionibus  et  punicionibus  quibuscunque 
custodis  et  vicecustodis  dicti  Collegii  quorumcunque,  qui  pro 
tempore  fuerint,  secundum  formam  et  ordinacionem  statutorum 
eiusdem  Collegii  imposterum  faciendis,  quantum  in  me  fuerit  et  ad 
me  pertinuerit  parebo  humiliter  cum  effectu.  Contrarium  vero  vel 
repugnans  premissis  in  judicio  vel  extra,  tacite  vel  expresse  non 
faciam  seu  fieri  procurabo  aut  eisdem  consentiam  quovismodo. 
Item  quod  admissionem  consanguineorum  dicti  Domini  fundatoris 
nostri  et  aliorum  in  scolares  dicti  Collegii  juxta  ordinaciones  et 
statuta  eiusdem  faciendam  non  impediam,  nee,  quantum  in  me 
fuerit,  impediri  permittam  aut  impedientibus  consentiam  quovis- 
modo.   Item  quod  de  veris  et  perpetuis  sociis  presbiteris  in  dictum 


4^o  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam  eligendis  et  admittendis  fidele  consi- 
lium et  auxilium,  omni  favore  postposito,  tribuam  et  impendam,  ut 
de  bonis  personis,  castis,  modestis,  honestis,  aptis,  juxta  formam 
statutorum  predictorum  provideatur  eidem,  quodque  contra  Dorm- 
num  Episcopum  Wintonie  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  aut  ecclesiam 
Wyntonie,  prioremve  aut  capitulum  ipsius  ecclesie,  in  aliqua  causa  ip- 
sam  ecclesiam  concernente  scienter  non  ero  consilio,  auxilio,vel  favore, 
causa  mea  propria  et  dictorum  Collegiorum  causa  duntaxat  excepta. 
Item  quod  non  impetrabo  dispensacionem  aliquam  contra  juramenta 
mea  predicta,  vel  contra  ordinaciones  et  statuta  de  quibus  premit- 
titur,  aut  ipsorum  aliquod,  nee  dispensacionem  huiusmodi  per  me 
vel  alium  vel  alios  publice  vel  occulte  impetrari  aut  fieri  procurabo, 
directe  vel  indirecte.  Et  si  forsan  aliquam  dispensacionem  huius- 
modi impetrari  vel  gratis  offerri  aut  concedi  contigerit,  cuiuscunque 
ftierit  auctoritate,  seu  si  generaliter  vel  specialiter,  aut  alias,  aut 
quorumcunque  formi  verborum  concessa,  ipsa  non  utar  nee  eidem 
consentiam  quovismodo.  Sic  Deus  me  adjuvet  et  hec  sancta  Dei 
Evangelia.  Et  si  contingat  imposterum  me  propter  contemptum, 
rebellionem,  inobedienciam,  malos  mores,  vel  alia  mea  demerita 
seu  propter  causas  in  presentibus  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  con- 
tentas  per  custodem  vel  vicecustodem  juxta  formam  et  ordinacionem 
statutorum  dictorum  corrigi  vel  puniri  aut  alias  a  dicto  Col- 
legio  ejici,  expelli,  privari,  excludi,  vel  eciam  ammoveri,  ex  certa 
mei  sciencii  pure  sponte  simpliciter  et  absolute  omni  accione 
occasione  correccionis  vel  punicionis,  privacionis,  exclusionis,  ex- 
pulsionis  seu  ammocionis  huiusmodi  contra  custodem  aut  alios  dicti 
Collegii  socios  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint,  conjunctim  vel  divisim 
quomodolibet  instituende,  appellacionique  et  querele  in  ea  parte 
fiendis,  ac  quarumcunque  litterarum  impetracioni,  precibus  prin- 
cipum,  prelatorum,  procerum,  magnatum,  et  aliorum  quorumcunque, 
necnon  et  quibuscunque  curie  ecclesiastice  vel  secularis,  ac  omnibus 
remediis  juris  et  facti  per  quas  aut  que  petere  possem  me  recon- 
ciliari,  vel  in  integrum  restitui,  contra  premissa,  quantumcunque 
alias  mihi  probitatis  et  vite  merita  sufFragentur,  in  vim  pacti  re- 
nuncio  his  scriptis.'  Volumusque  quod  de  juramento  predicto  fiat 
statim  instrumentum  publicum  signo  et  subscriptione  alicuius  notarii 
publici  munitum,  ipsius  juramenti  tenorem,  diem,  formam,  nomen, 
et  cognomen,  ac  cuius  comitatus  et  diocesis  existat  continens  sic 
jurantis,  quod  penes  custodem  dicti  Collegi  perpetuo  remaneat  sub 
custodia  diligenti.  Quem  sic  admissum  et  juratum  verum  et  per- 
petuum  socium  presbiterum  ipsius  nostri  Collegii  volumus  nuncu- 
pari.  Tres  vero  capellanos  conductitios  predictos  per  custodem 
dicti  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  conduci  volumus  et  assumi 
capelle  dicti  nostri  Collegii,  ut  premittitur,  servituros ;  quos  eciam 
per  eundem  custodem,  cum  sibi  videbitur  expedire,  volumus  removeri, 


Appendix  XI.  481 

et  si  loco  deficientis  capellani  conducticii  capellanum  alium  infra 
unius  mensis  spacium  custos  non  subrogaverit  antedictus,  tunc 
quilibet  ebdomadi  extunc  sequenti  pro  quolibet  capellano,  qui 
custodis  dolo,  culpa,  negligencia,  desidiave  defecerit,  custodem  pre- 
dictum  sex  solidos  et  octo  denarios  de  porcione  sua  amittere  volu- 
mus  usque  ad  subrogacionem  effectualem  sic  deficientis  capellani ; 
quam  quidem  penam  comunis  omnium  sociorum  presbiterorum 
perpetuorum  et  conducticiorum,  magistri  informatoris,  hostiarii,  ac 
omnium  scolarium  dicti  CoUegii  ultra  septimanales  comunas  pre- 
cipimus  applicari ;  ordinantes  insuper,  quod  capellani  conducticii 
predicti,  magister  informator,  et  hostiarius  ac  clerici  capelle  alii- 
que  officiarii  et  ministri  dicti  CoUegii,  cuiuscunque  condicionis 
extiterint,  jurent  quod  secreta  ipsius  CoUegii  nullatenus  revela- 
bunt.  Et  si  contingat  eos  scire  aliqua  pericula,  dampna,  sive  pre- 
judicia  CoUegio  predicto  futura  seu  imminencia,  ilia  custodi,  vice- 
custodi,  et  bursariis  eiusdem  CoUegii  publicent  et  revelent  quam 
cito  comode  poterint  absque  dilacione  quacunque.  Juret  eciam 
unusquisque  sociorum  presbiterorum  et  capellanorum  conducti- 
ciorum predictorum  in  admissione  sua  ad  Collegium  predictum, 
quod  per  quatuor  menses  ante  recessum  suum  custodem  eiusdem 
CoUegii,  seu  ipso  absente,  vicecustodem  de  ipso  recessu  pre- 
muniat  vel  faciat  premuniri,  ut  sic  de  alio  presbitero  ydoneo  et 
honesto  ad  deserviendum  in  capella  predicta  tempore  congruo 
possit  debite  providere.  Item  statuimus  ordinamus  et  volumus  quod 
fiat  unum  registrum  de  pergameno  compositum  et  ligatum  in  qua- 
ternis  in  quo  scribantur  successive  nomina  et  cognomina  omnium 
et  singulorum  tam  in  scolares  dicti  CoUegii  quam  in  perpetuos 
socios  presbiteros  eiusdem  admissorum  ac  sic,  ut  premittitur,  jura- 
torum,  necnon  cuius  comitatus,  vUle,  et  parochie  existunt,  in  quo 
eciam  scribantur  cause  propter  quas  prefatos  socios  presbiteros 
et  scolares  ab  eodem  CoUegio  secedere,  vel  ammoveri  contigerit, 
cum  aliis  ipsius  CoUegii  munimentis  fideliter  conservandis.  Statui- 
mus insuper  et  ordinamus,  quod  preter  custodem  et  ultra  numerum 
septuaginta  scolarium  tresdecim  presbyterorum  et  trium  clericorum 
dicti  CoUegii  et  capelle  eiusdem  sexdecim  pueri  pauperes  et  indi- 
gentes  bone  condicionis  et  conversacionis  honeste  infra  etatem  duo- 
decim  annorum  notorie  existentes  scientes  competenter  legere  et 
cantare,  choriste  nuncupandi,  ad  ministrandum  legendum  et  cantan- 
dum  in  dicta  capella  et  ad  adjuvandum  diebus  singulis  presbiteros  in 
dicta  capella  celebraturos,  ac  alias  in  divinis  officiis  ministrandum 
in  eadem,  lectos  presbiterorum  eorundem  sternendum  et  prepa- 
randum,  necnon  in  aula  ceteros  ipsius  CoUegii  ministros  hora  prandii 
et  cene  adjuvandum,  in  dictum  nostrum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam 
recipiantur  et  eciam  admittantur  intuitu  caritatis ;  quos  quidem 
pueros  de  fragmentis  et  reliquiis  que  superfuerint  de  mensa  pres- 

I  i 


4^2  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

byterorum  et  scolarium  dicti  nostri  CoUegii,  si  ipsa  ad  hoc  suf- 
ficiant,  vivere  volumus  et  eciam  sustentari.  Alioquin  si  ipsa  frag- 
menta  minime  sufficiant  in  hac  parte,  de  aliis  bonis  comunibus 
dicti  nostri  CoUegii  eis  de  competenti  victu  provideri  volumus 
debite,  sicut  decet,  juxta  necessitates  ipsorum,  quos  eciam  in  dicto 
Collegio  volumus  permanere  ad  voluntatem  et  disposicionem  custodis 
et  sociorum  presbiterorum  dicti  nostri  CoUegii,  dum  tamen  bone 
condicionis  et  conversacionis  honeste  fuerint,  et  ad  deserviendum  et 
ministrandum  in  capella  predicta,  ut  premittitur,  habiles  et  com- 
petentes  existant. 

IX.    In  quibus  socii  presbiteri  scolares  et  alii  ministri 

OBEDIRE  DEBENT  ET  PARERE  CUSTODI. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus  et  volumus,  quod  omnes  et  singuli 
socii  presbiteri,  scolares  et  persone  ac  officiarii  et  ministri  Col- 
legii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  quicunque  custodi  CoUegii  eiusdem  qui 
pro  tempore  fuerit,  et  in  eius  absencia  vicecustodi  eiusdem  CoUegii 
prope  Wyntoniam  in  Ileitis  et  honestis  mandatis  et  factis  quibus- 
cunque  eiusdem  CoUegii  providenciam  et  statum,  regimen  ac  ipsius 
comodum  et  honorem  statutaque  nostra  et  ordinaciones  qualiter- 
cunque  tangentibus  obedire  teneantur  et  debeant,  ac  eciam  inten- 
dere  et  parere,  nisi  veram,  justam  et  racionabilem  causam  coram 
custode,  aut  eo  absente,  vicecustode,  ac  per  eundem  custodem 
vel  vicecustodem  approbandam  ostendunt,  per  quam  merito  de- 
beant excusari.  Si  quis  vero  in  premissis  vel  eorum  aliquo  rebellis 
vel  inobediens  repertus  fuerit,  comunis  suis  in  nostro  Collegio 
predicto  vigore  presentis  nostre  ordinacionis  sit  ipso  facto  privatus 
quousque  in  eisdem  paruerit  cum  effectu,  et  nichilominus  si  ultra 
octo  dies  in  huiusmodi  rebellione  vel  inobediencia  pertinaciter 
perduraverit,  ex  tunc  a  dicto  Collegio  statuimus  ipsum  perpetuo  fore 
privatum.  Inhibentes  preterea  ne  qui  dictorum  sociorum  pres- 
biterorum temporibus  quibus  vigore  presentis  statuti  seu  alterius 
nostri  statuti  cuiuscunque  fuerint  suis  comunis  in  dicto  Collegio 
privati  extra  ipsum  Collegium  sine  custodis  vel  in  eius  absencia 
vicecustodis  licencia  prandeant  aut  cenent  aut  pernoctent,  sed  de 
victualibus  huiusmodi  temporibus  infra  predictum  Collegium  ipsorum 
sumptibus  propriis  sibi  faciant  provideri. 

X.  De  Vicecustode  et  Sacrista  et  eorum  officiis  et 

JURAMENTIS. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  perpetuis  futuris 
temporibus  sit  in  dicto  nostro  Collegio  prope  Wyntoniam  unus  vice- 
custos  de  numero  dictorum  decem  presbiterorum  sociorum  per- 
petuorum  ad  officium  huiusmodi  per  custodem  et  eosdem  socios 
ipsius  CoUegii  seu  maiorem  partem  eorundem  quolibet  anno  eli- 
gendus  sive  nominandus,  qui  vices  custodis  ipso  absente  vel  alias 


Appendix  XL  483 

legitime  impedito  suppleat  et  exerceat,  necnon  eidem  custodi  pre- 
sent! in  his,  que  curam  et  regimen  dicti  Collegii  et  personarum 
eiusdem  concernunt,  diligenter  assistat.  Libros  insuper,  cruces, 
calices,  vestimenta,  luminaria,  et  alia  ornamenta  quecunque  comuni 
et  cotidiano  usui  deputata  volumus  esse  in  custodia  unius  de  reli- 
quis  presbiteris  sociis  perpetuis  supradictis  fidelis  et  ydonei  in  hac 
parte  sub  forma  predicts  annis  singulis  eligendi  ac  eciam  deputandi 
quern  sacristam  dicte  capelle  volumus  et  statuimus  nuncupari,  ipsa- 
que  omnia  et  singula  dicto  presbitero  per  indenturam  tradi,  liberari, 
et  committi  volumus  et  eciam  ordinamus,  bene  et  honest^  securd 
et  fideliter  custodienda.  Qui  quidem  sacrista  canendo  cantanda 
repetere  debeat  et  alias  precentoris  officium  in  choro  capelle 
gerere  ac  eciam  exercere.  Prestabuntque  vicecustos  et  sacrista 
in  presencia  ipsos  nominancium  seu  eligencium  statim  post  ipsorum 
eleccionem  seu  nominacionem  ad  officia  supradicta,  tactis  sacro- 
sanctis  evangeliis,  corporaliter  juramentum  quod  officia  huiusmodi 
diligenter  et  fideliter  exsequentur,  hoc  eciam  proviso,  quod  eligentes 
sive  nominantes  vicecustodem  et  sacristam,  antequam  ad  eleccionem 
vel  nominacionem  huiusmodi  procedant,  tactis  sacrosanctis  Evan- 
geliis prestent  corporaliter  juramentum  quod  nullum  ad  huiusmodi 
vicecustodis  aut  sacriste  officium  eligent  vel  nominabunt,  nisi  quern 
crediderint  pro  huiusmodi  officio  in  dicto  Collegio  exercendo  fidelem 
et  discretum,  affeccione  ac  partialitate  cessantibus  quibuscunque. 
Et  insuper  in  omnibus  eleccionibus  in  dicto  Collegio  de  quibus- 
cunque officiariis  et  aliis  eligendis  sive  nominandis  ab  electoribus 
ipsis  consimile  prestari  volumus  juramentum.  Volumus  autem 
quod  vicecustodi  viginti  sex  solidi  octo  denarii  necnon  presbitero 
sacriste  tresdecim  solidi  et  quatuor  denarii  singulis  annis  pro  labore 
et  stipendio  eorundem  de  bonis  dicti  Collegii  nostri  persolvantur, 
ultra  ea  que  in  eodem  essent  alias  percepturi. 

XI.    De  Bursariis  et  eorum  officio. 

Item  ut  bona  ipsius  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  communia 
securiiis  conserventur,  discreciiis  dispensent  ur,  meliusque  regantur, 
statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  de  presbiteris  sociis  per- 
petuis ipsius  Collegii  per  custodem  et  eosdem  presbiteros,  seu 
maiorem  partem  eorundem,  annis  singulis  eligantur  et  deputentur 
duo  socii,  fideles  et  discreti,  ad  bursariorum  officium  in  eodem 
Collegio  exercendum,  qui  exitus,  redditus,  firmas,  proventus  bene- 
ficiorum,  maneriorum,  terrarum,  possessionum  et  reddituum,  bona 
et  res  ipsius  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  vel  alias  qualitercunque  ac 
undecunque  provenientes  seu  proveniencia  et  ad  dictum  Collegium 
spectancia  per  visum  et  sub  testimonio  dicti  custodis  Collegii  prope 
Wyntoniam,  vel  vicecustodis  eiusdem  in  absencia  custodis  predicti, 
de    manibus  yconomorum,  ballivorum,  procuratorum,  firmariorum, 

I  i  2 


4^4  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

prepositorum  ipsius  CoUegii  prope  Wyntoniam  ac  aliorum  quorum- 
cunque  per  indenturas  inter  dictos  bursarios  et  solventes  summas 
huiusmodi  faciendas  recipiant,  et  recepta  in  thesauraria  dicti  Col- 
legii  in  archis  et  cistis  communibus  eorundem  per  visum  et  sub 
testimonio  dictorum  custodis  et  vicecustodis  et  trium  aliorum  so- 
ciorum  seniorum  in  tuto  reponant  securius  custodienda.  De  quibus 
quidem  receptis  ipsi  bursarii  certas  racionabiles  summas  ad 
comunas  sociorum  et  scolarium  et  alias  cotidianas  et  minutas  ex- 
pensas,  utiles  et  necessarias  solummodo  et  non  alias  summas,  in 
ipsos  usus,  et  non  alios,  juxta  discreccionem,  disposicionem,  et 
avisamentum  custodis,  vicecustodis,  et  trium  sociorum  dictorum, 
custodiant,  dispensent  fideliter,  et  convertant.  Nolentes  quod  dicti 
bursarii,  aut  quivis  alius,  de  residua  parte  receptorum  dictorum  seu 
de  maioribus  negociis  dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  aut  aliis  solu- 
cionibus  misis  ^  et  expensis  circa  huiusmodi  maiora  negocia  facienda 
se  quomodolibet  intromittant  sine  consensu,  discrecione,  disposi- 
cione,  consilio,  et  avisamento  custodis,  vicecustodis,  et  maioris  partis 
sociorum  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  memorati ;  qui  eciam 
bursarii  provisiones  et  empciones  necessarias  victualium  et  solu- 
ciones  pro  eisdem  faciendas  supervideant  et  de  ipsis  disponant 
prout  eis  melius  videbitur  expedire  pro  comodo,  utilitate,  et  honore 
nostri  Collegii  supradicti  ac  degencium  in  eodem.  Quique  preter 
archas  predictas  duas  cistas  habeant  de  comuni,  in  quibus  alter- 
natas  indenturas  quas  inter  se  et  alios,  tam  de  omnibus  et  singulis 
per  eos  receptis,  quam  eciam  liberatis  et  expensis  facere  teneantur, 
et  rotulos  super  premissis  factos  sibi  invicem  correspondentes  re- 
ponant eciam  ac  conservent.  Ad  que  omnia  et  singula,  quantum 
ad  ipsos  pertinet,  bene,  diligenter,  ac  fideliter  facienda  et  eciam 
observanda  dictos  bursarios  statim  post  ipsorum  admissionem  ad 
officium  supradictum  tactis  sacrosanctis  Evangeliis  prestent  corpor- 
aliter  juramentum  in  presencia  omnium  sociorum  dicti  Collegii,  vel 
maioris  partis  eorum,  tunc  in  dicto  CoUegio  presencium,  prefato 
custode,  vel  in  absencia  ipsius  vicecustode,  juramentum  huiusmodi 
exigente,  Quilibet  preterea  bursariorum  dictorum  tresdecim  solidos 
et  quatuor  denarios  de  bonis  comunibus  dicti  nostri  Collegii  an- 
nuatim  percipere  volumus  pro  labore  et  stipendio  eorundem  ultra 
ea  que  ipsorum  uterque  in  eodem  CoUegio  erit  alias  percepturus. 

XII.    De  magistro  instructore  et  hostiario  sub  eodem,  et 

EORUM   JURAMENXIS. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  in  dicto  Collegio 
nostro  prope  Wyntoniam  sit  perpetuis  temporibus  unus  magister  in- 
formator,  in  gramatica  sufficienter  eruditus,  habens  docendi  peritiam, 
vir  bone  fame   et  conversacionis,  conducticius  et  eciam  remotivus, 

*  I.  q.  impensis. 


Appendix  XL  485 

per  custodem  et  socios  ipsius  CoUegii  ordinandus  seu  providendus, 
qui  scolares  dicti  Collegii  in  gramatica  assidufe  instruat  et  informet, 
ac  eis  diligenter  intendat,  ipsorum  et  vitam  et  mores  attencius 
supervideat,  et  eos  circa  ipsorum  doctrinam  desides,  negligentes, 
seu  alias  delinquentes  absque  personarum  accepcione  seu  alia  par- 
tialitate  quacunque  corripiat  ac  debits  puniat  et  castiget,  hac  adhi- 
bita  semper  cautela  quod  in  castigando  modum  nequaquam  excedat, 
nomina  vero  scolarium  qui  eius  castigacionem  aut  punicionem 
subire  noluerint  ac  eorum,  quos  castigare  non  poterit,  custodi  dicti 
nostri  Collegii,  aut  in  eius  absencia  vicecustodi,  ut  ab  eis  vel 
eorum  altero  correccionem  debitam  recipiant,  denunciet  sine  mora. 
Ordinantes  preterea,  quod  in  dicto  nostro  Collegio  semper  sub  dicto 
magistro  informatore  sit  alius  instructor  similiter  conducticius  ac 
eciam  remotivus,  per  custodem  et  socios  predictos  ordinandus,  in 
gramatica  sufficienter  eruditus,  vir  bone  fame  et  condicionis  honeste, 
qui  predicto  magistro  in  premissis  diligenter  assistat  et  in  eius  ab- 
sencia ipsius  in  predictis  omnibus  vices  suppleat  atque  gerat ;  quern 
Hostiarium  volumus  nuncupari.  Inhibentes  preterea  eisdem  ma- 
gistro et  hostiario  ne  ab  aliquo  scolarium  predictorum  aut  parenti- 
bus  vel  amicis  eorum  pro  labore  suo  circa  dictos  scolares  causa 
seu  occasione  instructionis  huiusmodi  impenso  seu  eciam  impen- 
dendo  quicquid  exigere,  petere,  aut  vendicare  quovismodo  presumant. 
Ad  que  omnia  et  singula  supradicta  et  quecunque  alia  presentibus 
statutis  inserta  facienda  et  fideliter  observanda  eosdem  magistrum 
et  hostiarium  quatenus  ipsa  ipsorum  utrumque  singulariter  con- 
cemunt,  in  ipsorum  admissione  primaria  coram  custode  et  vice- 
custode  predictis  prestare  volumus,  tactis  sacrosanctis  Evangeliis, 
corporaliter  juramentum.  Et  ne  scolares  dicti  Collegii  nostri  prope 
Wyntoniam  ob  defectum  vel  carenciam  magistri  huiusmodi  instruc- 
toris  sua  doctrina  fraudentur,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod 
magister  informator  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  ex  quacunque  causa 
finaliter  recessurus,  si  causa  recessQs  sui  sibi  innotescat,  custodem 
eiusdem  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  per  sex  menses  ante  recessum 
suum  premuniat ;  et  similiter  premuniatur  idem  magister  per  tres 
menses  ab  eodem  custode,  si  insufficiens  et  inydoneus  reperiatur, 
vel  ex  alia  causa  legitima  et  honesta  ab  ipso  Collegio  fuerit  ex- 
pellendus.  In  quo  casu  de  magistro  alio  in  gramatica  sufficienter 
instruct©,  qui  scolares  dicti  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  in 
gramatica  informet,  infra  tres  dies  a  tempore  recessfis  huiusmodi 
continue  numerandos,  forma  que  prefertur  volumus  provideri  et 
ibidem  personaliter  coUocari.  Si  vero  predictus  magister  infor- 
mator decesserit,  seu  alias  casu  fortuito  a  dicto  nostro  Collegio 
prope  Wyntoniam  subito  recesserit,  tunc  de  magistro  alio  in  gramatica 
sufficienter  erudito,  quam  citius  fieri  poterit,  provideri  volumus,  ut 
premittitur,  et  eciam  ordinamus,    Prohibemus  insuper,  ne  quisquam 


486  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

dicti  CoUegii  socius  scolarem  ipsius  CoUegii  contra  prefatum  magis- 
trum  instructorem  verbo  vel  facto  manuteneat,  tueatur,  aut  defendat, 
quominus  corrigatur  et  castigetur  debite  per  eundem,  nee  aliquem 
de  dictis  scolaribus  a  studio  aut  doctrina  impediat  vel  ad  extra 
ducat  preter  custodis  licenciam,  vel  in  eius  absencia,  contra  vice- 
custodis  et  magistri  informatoris  voluntatem  CoUegii  supradicti. 

XIII.  QUALES  COMUNAS   SEPTIMANATIM    HABEBUNT  GUSTOS,  PRESBITERI 
ET   SCOLARES   PREDICTI. 

Ceterum  quia  contingit  interdum  fertilitatis  et  plenitudinis  inter- 
dum  vero  sterilitatis  et  caristie  annos  et  tempora  passim  juxta 
divine  disposicionis  arbitrium  evenire,  in  quibus  hominum  victualia 
nunc  pro  minori  tunc  pro  maiori  precio  comparari  et  vendi,  ac 
juxta  huiusmodi  varietatem  temporum  in  maiori  vel  minori  habentur 
copia,  nunc  carius,  nuncque  facilius  et  copiosius  poterint  obtineri  : 
nos  igitur  premissa  debite  ponderantes  et  in  utroque  casu  predict© 
remedium  congruum  quatenus  possumus  apponere  cupientes  statui- 
mus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  quod  vicecustodis,  presbiterorum 
sociorum  perpetuorum,  ac  capellanorum  conducticiorum  et  magistri 
informatoris  predicti  nostri  CoUegii  comune  et  victualia  sint  equales 
quodque  juxta  varietatem  temporum  predictorum  et  juxta  discre- 
cionem  disposicionem  et  ordinacionem  custodis,  vicecustodis,  et 
bursariorum  dicti  nostri  CoUegii  comune  huiusmodi  varientur. 
Statuentes  preterea  et  eciam  ordinantes  quod  in  fertilitatis  annis 
et  temporibus  copiosis,  cum  victualium  habundancia  sive  copia 
fuerit,  pro  vicecustode  ac  quolibet  dicti  CoUegii  socio  presbitero 
et  capellano  conducticio  ac  magistro  informatore  ibidem  person- 
aliter  existente  duodecim  denarii  pro  suis  comunis  septimanatim 
per  manus  bursariorum  eiusdem  nostri  CoUegii  fideliter  persol- 
vantur.  In  annis  vero  et  temporibus  maioris  caristie  cum  contige- 
rint  comune  huiusmodi  juxta  temporis  qualitatem  et  exigenciam 
raritatemque  ac  caristiam  victualium  predictorum,  necnon  secundum 
varietatem  augmentacionis  precii  bladorum^  usque  ad  tresdecim 
quatuordecim,  et,  necessitate  poscente,  ad  sexdecim  denariorum 
summam  de  bonis  comunibus  supradictis  proportionabiliter  et 
equabUiter  augmententur ;  ordinantes  ac  eciam  statuentes  quod 
quamdiu  et  quociens  prima  duodecim  denariorum  summa  pro  ip- 
sorum  septimanatim  comunis  sufficiat,  seu  quovismodo  possit  suf- 
ficere  competenter,  summam  non  transcendant  eandem,  neque 
amplior  summa  pro  ipsorum  comunis  huiusmodi  de  bonis  dicti 
CoUegii  persolvatur  nee  aliqualiter  ministretur ;  et  idem  de  aliis 
summis  singulis  pro  dictis  comunis  superiiis  limitatis  toto  et  omni 
tempore  huiusmodi  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  firmiter  et 
inviolabiliter    observari.      Demum    vero,    cum    bussellus    frumenti 

*  Of  grain. 


Appendix  XI.  487 

ultra  summam  duorum  solidorum  in  Wyntonia  et  in  mercatis  cir- 
cumvicinis  communiter  per  viginti  quatuor  dierum  spacium  et 
ultra  vendatur,  tunc  durante  precio  supradicto  comunas  predictas 
vicecustodem,  perpetuos  socios  presbiteros,  et  eciam  tres  capel- 
lanos  conducticios,  necnon  magistrum  informatorem  predictos  in 
dicto  CoUegio  presentes  concernentes,  necessitate  huiusmodi  co- 
gente,  usque  ad  summam  octodecim  denariorum  tantummodo,  et 
non  ultra,  volumus  augmentari.  Statuentes  ulterius,  quod  custodi 
dicti  nostri  CoUegii  de  bonis  comunibus  ipsius  Collegii,  prout  statui 
suo  conveniat,  in  victualibus  deserviatur  secundum  ordinacionem  et 
discrecionem  ipsius  custodis,  vicecustodis  et  bursariorum  nostri 
Collegii  supradicti,  pro  hostiario  vero  duodecim  denarii,  et  pro 
quolibet  scolari  dicti  nostri  Collegii  in  eodem  personaliter  existente 
octo  denarii ;  pro  quolibet  eciam  trium  clericorum  capelle,  dum 
presentes  fuerint,  decem  denarii  pro  comunis  ipsorum  singulis 
septimanis  persolvantur.  Prefatas  vero  comunas  omnes  et  singulas 
non  per  eorum  manus  sed  per  manus  bursariorum  qui  pro  tem- 
pore fuerint  expendi  volumus  et  eciam  ministrari.  Volentes  insuper 
ac  eciam  ordinantes  quod  scolares  dicti  nostri  Collegii  infra  sex- 
tum  decimum  etatis  sue  annum  existentes  jantacula  habeant  de 
comunis  predictis  diebus  et  temporibus  debitis  et  consuetis ; 
statuentes  preterea  quod  quater  in  anno  quolibet  compotus  et  par- 
ticule  omnes  et  singule  tam  comunarum  quam  eciam  omnium 
aliarum  expensarum  intrinsecarum  hospicii  dicti  Collegii  per  cus- 
todem,  vicecustodem,  et  tres  seniores  socios  ipsius  Collegii  audi- 
antur  et  eciam  videantur.  Ita  quod  si  aliquem  in  ea  parte  defectum 
invenerint,  ipsum  statim  corrigant  et  reforment  prout  eis  melius 
videbitur  expedire  pro  utilitate  et  comodo  Collegii  supradicti.  Et 
si  quid  de  comunis  predictis  singulis  quarteriis  supradictis  resi- 
duum fuerit,  id  totum  sine  diminucione  aliqua  in  utilitatem  comu- 
nem  dicti  Collegii  sicut  cetera  bona  eiusdem  comunia  reservetur 
ac  eciam  convertatur.  Extraneos  vero  supervenientes  quos  ali- 
quando  ex  necessitate  aliquando  ex  curialitate  ^  pro  utilitate,  comodo, 
vel  honore  dicti  Collegii  prefatum  custodem  oportebit  forsitan 
invitare,  in  aula  comuni  recipi  permittimus  et  eciam  in  victualibus 
procurari,  pro  quorum  expensis  per  deliberacionem,  avisamentum, 
et  consilium  ipsius  custodis,  vicecustodis,  et  bursariorum  de  qui- 
bus  premittitur  faciendis,  preter  et  ultra  omnes  comunas  superius 
limitatas  Collegium  satisfaciet  supradictum.  In  absencia  vero  dicti 
custodis  cum  aliqui  fuerint  invitandi  pro  comodo  vel  honore  Col- 
legii supradicti  per  vicecustodem  de  consilio  bursariorum  qui  pro 
tempore  fuerint  invitentur  et  in  aulam  communem  predictam,  si 
expediat,  secundum  ipsorum  statum  debite  procurentur. 

'  Out  of  courtesy. 


488  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

XIV.  QUOMODO  CUSTOS,  PRESBITERI  SOCII  ET  SCOLARES  SEDERE 
DEBEANT  IN  MENSA,  ET  DE  LECTURA  BIBLIE,  ET  SENES- 
CALLO   AULE. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos,  vicecustos, 
presbiteri  socii  perpetui,  et  capellani  conducticii,  scolaresque,  et 
clerici  capelle,  ac  omnes  alii  ministri  et  servientes  dicti  Collegii 
prandeant  cotidie  in  aula  comuni  et,  cum  cenare  debeant,  cenent  in 
eadem,  nisi  dictus  custos  ex  causa  infirmitatis,  vel  alia  necessaria 
vel  rationabili,  seorsum  prandendum  duxerit  vel  cenandum  ;  aut  nisi 
vicecustodem  vel  aliquem  presbiterorum  et  scolarium  seu  cleri- 
corum  aut  serviencium  ex  causis  huiusmodi  per  dictum  custodem, 
seu  ipso  absente  vicecustodem,  approbandis,  in  locis  aliis  prandere 
oporteat  aut  cenare.  Et  cum  in  ipsa  aula  idem  custos  comederit, 
habeat  secum  in  mensa  vicecustodem,  magistrum  informatorem, 
et  alios  socios  perpetuos  dicti  Collegii  presbiteros  seniores.  Ita 
tamen  quod  trium  ferculorum  numerum  de  seipsis  non  excedant. 
In  mensis  vero  coUateralibus  ex  utraque  parte  ipsius  aule  sedeant 
primo  et  principaliter  alii  perpetui  socii  presbiteri  et  capellani 
conducticii  dicti  Collegii ;  deinde  hostiarius,  et  postea  scolares  dicti 
Collegii,  sicut  venerint,  absque  vendicacione  superioris  vel  ante- 
rioris  sedis  vel  loci  proprii  cuiuscunque,  et  absque  festinancia  vel 
tumultu  per  ipsorum  aliquem  faciendo.  Quibus  sic  in  aula  come- 
dentibus  dictos  capelle  clericos  deservire  volumus  et  eciam  minis- 
trare,  qui  postea  cum  aliis  servitoribus  et  ministris  comedere  debent 
in  aula  predicta,  habeantque  sic  sedentes  unum  de  dictis  scolaribus 
per  magistrum  deputandum  bibliam,  vitas  Patrum,  dicta  doctorum  ^, 
vel  aliquid  sacre  scripture  tempore  prandii  legentem,  quern  in 
silencio  epulantes  audiant  et  diligenter  auscultent.  Statuentes  pre- 
terea,  quod  de  prefatis  presbiteris  sociis  perpetuis  unus  senes- 
callus  aule  cursorie'^  singulis  septimanis  existat,  qui  in  septimana 
sua  de  omnibus  victualibus  emendis  et  expendendis  cum  adjutorio 
dispensatoris  comunis  ordinet  et  disponat,  necnon  parcellas  om- 
nium et  singularum  empcionum,  provisionum  et  expensarum  pro 
ilia  septimana  scribat  aut  scribi  faciat,  et  de  eisdem  una  cum  dis- 
pensatore  predicto  in  fine  septimane  huiusmodi  coram  bursariis 
predictis  fideliter  computet  et  racionem  reddere  teneatur.  Quod 
quidem  officium  senescalli  singuli  presbiteri  socii  predicti  singulis 
septimanis  vice  sua,  vicecustode  duntaxat  excepto,  subire  et  as- 
sumere  teneantur.  Nolentes  quod  socius  presbiter  senescallus 
huiusmodi  occasione  officii  predicti  in  villam  Wyntonie  vel  alibi 
extra  Collegium  transeat,  vel  a  capella  se  absentet,  vel  a  divinis 
officiis  in  eadem  se  abstineat  quovismodo. 

'  Caxton  printed  a  book  called  *  DicteS  and  Sayinges  of  the  Philosophers,'  in 
the  year  1477.  'In  course  or  turn. 


Appendix  XL  489 

XV.  De  mora  non  faciendA  in  aulA  post  prandium 

£T  CENAM. 

Item  quia  post  refeccionem  corporum  per  ciborum  et  potuum 
sumpcionem  homines  ad  scurrilitates,  turpiloquia,  et,  quod  pejus  est, 
detracciones,  et  jurgia,  necnon  ad  alia  mala  quam  plurima  et  periculosa 
perpetranda  efficiuntur  communiter  promptiores,  minusque  tunc,  quam 
jejuno  stomacho,  excessus  huiusmodi  ponderantes  animos  plerumque 
ad  lites,  contumelias,  et  excessus  alios  commovent  simplicium  per- 
sonarum,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  ut  singulis  diebus  post 
prandium  et  cenam,  persoluta  prius  Altissimo  pro  susceptis  gra- 
ciarum  accione,  deinde  sine  temporis  intervallo,  potu  charitatis  pres- 
biteris  bibere  volentibus  ministrato,  et  post  potaciones  in  aula  hora 
ignitegii ',  socii  presbiteri  et  scolares  ab  aula  recedant  nee  alios 
ibidem  moram  facere  ulterius  permittant,  nisi  in  festis  principalibus 
et  majoribus  duplicibus,  et  nisi  quando  consilia  domCis  aut  alia 
negocia  ardua  Collegium  tangencia  immediate  inibi  debeant  per- 
tractari ;  aut  quando  ob  Dei  reverenciam  ac  sue  Matris  vel  alterius 
sancti  cuiuscunque  tempore  yemali  ignis  in  aula  sociis  et  scolari- 
bus  ministratur,  tunc  scolaribus  et  sociis  post  tempus  prandii  aut 
cene  liceat  gracia  recreationis  in  cantilenis,  et  aliis  solaciis  honestis 
moram  facere  condecentem,  et  poemata,  regnorum  cronicas,  et 
mundi  huius  mirabilia,  ac  cetera  que  statum  clericalem  condecorant 
seriosius  pertractare. 

XVI.   De  extraneis  non  introducendis  ad  onus  Collegii. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  nuUus  scolarium 
aut  sociorum  dictorum  parentes,  fratres,  consanguineos  vel  ex- 
traneos,  notos  aut  propinquos,  unum  vel  plures  in  ipsum  nostrum 
Collegium  introducendo  cuiquam  sociorum  aut  scolarium  predic- 
torum  profectus  studii  scolastici  prestet  impedimentum,  prejudi- 
cium,  sive  dampnum,  vel  sit  aliunde  societati,  scolaribus,  vel  sociis 
onerosus,  prejudicialis  eciam  vel  dampnosus.  Si  tamen  alicuius 
sociorum  vel  scolarium  predictorum  pater,  frater,  nepos,  consan- 
guineus,  propinquus,  vel  amicus,  ad  eorum  aliquem  venerit,  per 
presens  nostrum  statutum  non  intendimus  prohibere  quin  venientem 
ad  se  de  custodis  vel  vicecustodis  licencia  et  consensu  possit  in 
aula  vel  camera  suis  sumptibus  propriis  sine  onere  communi- 
tatis  ac  ceterorum  impedimento  vel  dampno  sociorum  vel  scolarium 
recipere,  procurare,  ac  pascere,  prout  placet,  duobus  diebus  dun- 
taxat  et  non  ultra.  Statuentes  ut  nullus  extraneus  cuiuscunque 
status,  gradOs,  aut  condicionis  existat  infra  dictum  Collegium  hospi- 
tetur  nee  eciam  pemoctet  aliqualiter  in  eodem,  nisi  cum  CoUegio 

'  At  the  hour  of  Curfew. 


490  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

pro  negociis  vel  consiliis  eiusdem  specialiter  sit  retentus,  vel  cum 
absque  incomodo  seu  scandalo  Collegii  predict!  honeste  non  po- 
tent evitari :  talisque  per  custodem  vel  de  ipsius  mandato  ad  per- 
noctandum  ibidem  tantummodo  invitetur.  Nolumus  insuper,  quod 
aliquis  alius  cuiuscunque  status,  gradus,  aut  condicionis  existat,  ad 
faciendum  cum  eis  moram  infra  dictum  Collegium  ultra  dictos  duos 
dies,  vel  ad  ponendum  seu  solvendum  comunas,  vel  aliquid  aliud 
racione  comunarum,  vel  more  sue  longioris  faciende  ibidem  in  dicto 
nostro  CoUegio  recipiatur  vel  alias  admittatur.  Si  quis  vero  dicti 
nostri  Collegii  aliquem  extraneum  ad  pernoctandum  infradictum  Col- 
legium contra  tenorem  presentis  nostri  statuti  admiserit,  seu  pernoc- 
tacioni  huiusmodi  causam  dederit,  pro  prima  vice  per  septimanam, 
pro  secunda  vice  per  quindenam,  et  pro  tercia  vice  per  mensem 
comunis  suis  privetur  et  careat  ipso  facto  :  et  si  quis  postea  in 
ea  parte  culpabilis  inventus  fuerit,  pena  ipsa  contra  cum  debite  ag- 
gravetur  secundum  discrecionem  et  moderacionem  custodis  vel 
vicecustodis  et  bursariorum  nostri  Collegii  memorati.  Permittimus 
tamen  quod  filii  nobilium  et  valencium  personarum  dicti  Collegii 
specialiter  amicorum  usque  ad  numerum  decenarium  infra  idem 
Collegium  in  gramatica  instrui  valeant  et  eciam  informari  absque 
onere  Collegii  supradicti.  Ita  quod  ea  occasione  prejudicium, 
dampnum,  vel  scandalum  custodi,  presbiteris,  scolaribus,  vel  clericis 
aut  alicui  ministrorum  eiusdem  Collegii  non  fiant  aut  eveniant 
quovismodo.  Inhibentes  preterea,  ne  conventicule  aut  tractatus* 
aliqui  per  aliquos  forinsecos,  laicos  vel  clericos,  infra  Collegium 
fiant  imposterum  quovismodo. 

XVII.  Quod  scolares  et  presbiteri  non  absentent  se  a  Coixegio 

PREDICTO,  AUT  CANES  TENEANT,  AUT  PORTENT  ARMA. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  nullus  de  scolaribus 
presbiteris  sociis  perpetuis  et  conducticiis,  aut  magister  informator, 
vel  hostiarius  se  absentent  a  dicto  Collegio  ultra  unum  mensem  in 
anno  aliquo  continuum  vel  interpellatis  vicibus  discontinuum,  nisi 
ex  causa  vera  et  legitima  per  custodem  dicti  Collegii  aut  ipso  cus- 
tode  absente  per  vicecustodem  et  socium  presbiterum  seniorem 
tunc  presentem  approbanda ;  quodque  nullus  scolaris  sine  licencia 
custodis  vel  in  ipsius  absencia  vicecustodis  et  magistri  informa- 
toris  Collegium  exeat  vel  in  civitatem  aut  sokam  Wyntonie  extra 
presenciam  custodis,  vicecustodis,  seu  magistri  informatoris  pre- 
dict! vadat  quovismodo.  Statuentes  preterea,  quod  nullus  scolaris 
aut  socius  presbiter  vel  minister  seu  serviens  Collegii  predict! 
teneat  vel  habeat  canes  venaticos,  retia,  aut  ferrettos,  nisos  ^,  vel 
accipitres,  piscacionem  aut  venacionem  faciat  vel  exerceat,  ludat 

*  Prayer  meetings  and  Sermons.  *  Sparrow-hawks. 


Appendix  XL  491 

vel  sagittet,  aut  jaceat,  infra  dictum  Collegium  vel  extra,  unde 
dampnum  vel  jactura  inferatur  capelle,  claustro,  vel  domibus  ip- 
sius  CoUegii  quovismodo;  ac  quod  nullus  presbiterorum  extra 
Collegium  predictum  in  civitate  Wyntonie  vel  soki  Wyntonie  aut 
locis  aliis  per  quatuor  milliarum  spacium  a  dicto  Collegio  mi- 
nime  distantibus  pernoctet  nisi  ex  causd  necessarii,  racionabili, 
vel  honesti  coram  dicto  custode  vel  in  eius  absencia  vicecustode 
et  bursariis  exposita  et  per  eum  vel  eos  approbandi.  Inhibentes 
insuper  omnibus  et  singulis  presbiteris  et  scolaribus  dicti  nostri 
CoUegii  universis,  ne  comam  nutriant  sive  barbam,  neque  soculari- 
bus  ^  rostratis,  aut  capuciis  nodulatis  utantur,  aut  gladios,  cultel- 
losve  longos  seu  arma  alia  infra  Collegium,  vel  extra  in  civitate 
Wyntonie,  suburbio,  aut  soki  eiusdem  absque  licencia  custodis  de- 
ferant,  nee  tabernas,  spectacula,  vel  alia  loca  inhonesta  exerceant  aut 
frequentent ;  sed  a  locis  huiusmodi  et  comitivis  suspectis  abstineant 
omnimodo.  Quibus  insuper  presbiteris  caligas  rubeas  et  virides  inter- 
dicimus  omnimodo. 

XVIII.    QUALES   EXPENSAS   HABEBUNT   SOCII,   QUI   MISSI   FUERINT 
IN   NEGOCIIS   COLLEGII    MEMORATI. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  sociis  presbiteris, 
qui  pro  negociis  dicti  CoUegii  ad  extra  transmissi  fuerint,  expense 
de  bonis  eiusdem  CoUegii  comunibus  utiles  et  necessarie,  prout 
justum  fuerit,  juxta  negociorum  procurandorum  qualitatem,  loci 
distanciam,  et  temporis  exigenciam,  arbitrio  custodis  vel  vicecustodis 
et  bursariorum  dicti  CoUegii  ministrentur  et  finaliter  allocentur; 
ipsique  eorum  qui  sic  missi  fuerint  ad  reddendum  coram  personis 
predictis  fidelem  compotum  de  huiusmodi  expensis  factis  in  veris 
et  certis  parcellis  singillatim  per  eos  factis  infra  tres  dies  post- 
quam  ad  domum  redierint  in  virtute  juramenti  in  ipsorum  admis- 
sione  dicto  Collegio  prefati,  ac  in  eorum  conscienciis  sint  pr^- 
sentis  auctoritate  statuti  arciCis  onerati.  Ab  illis  vero  sociis  et 
scolaribus,  qui  de  licencia  in  negociis  propriis  absentes  fuerint, 
commune  concernentes  eosdem  pro  tempore  absencie  sue  huiusmodi 
sint  subtracte  et  in  incrementum  et  sustentacionem  dicti  CoUegii 
nostri,  vel  alia  bona  eiusdem  comunia,  permaneant  atque  cedant 

XIX.  Quod  non  sint  detractores,  conspiratores,  manutentores 

ET  SUSURRONES  IN  CoLLEGIO  VEL  ALlls  DISCORDIAM  SEMI- 
NANTES  SEU  ECIAM  PROCURANTES,  AUT  CONSENCIENTES 
EISDEM. 

Item  quia  detractores,  conspiratores,  manutentores  et  susurrones 
seminantes,  suscitantes,  procurantes,  vel  manutenentes  discordiam, 

*  Sotulares ;  subtalares,  dress  or  fancy  shoes. 


492  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

invidiam,  iram,  rixam,  litis  seu  dissencionis  materiam,  dampna, 
scandala  et  scismata  quamplura  dampnabiliter  inducunt,  odium 
provocant,  et  omnino  charitatem  expellunt,  statuimus,  ordinamus, 
et  volumus,  eciam  firmiter  precipimus  custodi  omnibusque  sociis 
presbiteris  et  scolaribus  ac  aliis  quibuscunque  personis  dicti 
nostri  CoUegii  prope  Wyntoniam  presentibus  et  futuris,  ac  in  vis- 
ceribus  Jesu  Christi  obsecramus  eciam  et  rogamus,  ac  sub  optentu 
felicitatis  vite  presentis  pariter  et  eteme,  et  sub  obtestacione 
divini  judicii,  ut  in  omnibus  et  super  omnia  unitatem  ac  mutuam 
inter  se  charitatem,  pacem,  concordiam  ac  dileccionem  fraternam 
ex  quo  inter  socios  quoddam  genus  fraternitatis  esse  dinoscitur, 
semper  habeant,  teneant,  in  omnibusque  observent,  et  pro  eis 
nutriendis  et  fovendis  anhelent  pro  viribus  atque  zelent;  quodque 
omnes  et  omnimode  scurrilitates,  verba  immunda,  contumeliosa  et 
brigosa^,  contenciosa,  rixosa,  dampnosa  susurria  ;  jurgia,  turpi- 
loquia,  derisiones  atque  alia  verba  nociva,  tediosa,  scandalosa,  et 
obprobriosa  quecunque,  comparacionesque  generis  ad  genus,  no- 
bilitatis  ad  nobilitatem  vel  ad  ignobilitatem,  necnon  speciales  aut 
precellentes  prerogative  causa  commonendi  maliciose  socios  in 
ore  omnium  et  personis  singulorum,  cessent  omnino  ubique,  tam 
infra  dictum  Collegium,  quam  extra,  in  publico  et  privato.  Alio- 
quin  si  quis  presbiterorum  dictorum  in  premissis,  vel  eorum 
aliquo,  suspectus  seu  alias  infamatus  existat,  et  super  eisdem 
vel  aliquo  eorundem  per  testes  ydoneos  coram  custode  dicti 
nostri  CoUegii,  assidentibus  sibi  vicecustode  sacrista  et  bursariis, 
per  eius  confessionem  coram  eis  factam,  vel  alias  per  facti  evi- 
denciam  reus,  judicio  omnium  vel  maioris  partis  ipsorum  mani- 
feste  apparuerit,  extunc  presentis  nostre  ordinacionis  et  statuti 
vigore,  cuius  publicacionem  loco  monicionis  legitime  nulla  alia 
monicione  premissa  seu  alias  requisita  haberi  volumus  in  hoc 
casu  pro  prima  vice  per  quindenam,  pro  secunda  vice  per  unum 
mensem,  et  si  tercio  deliquerit,  per  duos  menses,  comunis  suis  et 
omnibus  distribucionibus  ac  percepcionibus  aliis,  quas  de  ipso 
nostro  CoUegio  medio  tempore  esset  alias  percepturus,  careat  ipso 
facto ;  et  acrius  puniatur,  si  delicti  vel  facti  qualitas  id  exposcat. 
Si  vero  quarta  vice  quis  deliquerit,  in  hoc  casu  et  in  ea  parte, 
modo  quo  premittitur,  convictus  fuerit,  a  dicto  nostro  CoUegio  ipsum 
perpetuo  exclusum  et  privatum  fore  ipso  facto,  nulla  alia  monicione 
permissa,  statuimus,  volumus,  et  eciam  ordinamus,  absque  cuiuscun- 
que  appellacionis  remedii  vel  querele,  nulla  dicti  custodis  seu  alterius 
persone  cuiuscunque  remissione  seu  dispensacione  sibi  quomodo- 
libet  valitura.  Et  insuper,  ut  premissa  arciiis  evitentur,  quemlibet 
presbiterum  socium  in  ipsum   nostrum  Collegium  recipiendum  ad 

'  Contentious. 


Appendix  XI.  493 

observacionem   presentis   nostri    statuti  in  ipsius   recepcione    pri- 
maria  specialiter  artari  volumus  sub  ipsius  debito  juramenti. 

XX.     De   CORRECCIONIBUS   FACIENDIS   CIRCA   DELICTA   LEVIORA. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  si  quis  scolarium 
Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  quartum  decimum  etatis  sue  annum 
excedens  aut  sociorum  presbiterorum  eiusdem  crimen  seu  delictum 
aliquod  de  levioribus  commiserit,  de  quo  probabiliter  sit  convictus, 
veluti  inobedienciam  levem  erga  custodem,  aut  jurgium  breve  cum 
vicecustode,  bursariis,  aut  aliis  sociis,  seu  magistro  instructore  vel 
hostiario,  seu  levis  contencio  per  eum  in  dicto  CoUegio  vel  extra 
fuerit  suscitata,  vel  si  in  ipsa  capella  inordinate  se  habeat  psallendo 
divina,  aut  habitum  honestum  non  gerat,  vel  aliis  modis  quodam- 
modo  leviter  excesserit  seu  deliquerit,  per  quod  grave  scandalum 
sui  ipsius  vel  dicti  Collegii  minime  generetur,  per  custodem,  si 
presens  fuerit,  vel  eo  absente,  per  vicecustodem  et  bursarios  pre- 
dictos,  corripiatur  acriter  de  commissis,  et  sub  pena  subtraccionis 
sustentacionis  quam  hactenus  habuerit  in  Collegio  per  eosdem 
moneatur  attente,  ne  de  cetero  talia  quomodolibet  attemptare  pre- 
sumat,  ipsumque  nichilominus  sic  delinquentem  juxta  excessum  et 
delicti  qualitatem  custos  predictus,  vel  in  ipsius  absencia  vice- 
custos,  cum  consensu  et  deliberacione  predictorum  bursariorum 
corrigat  et  puniat  pro  commissis  ;  quas  correccionem  et  pimicionem 
culpabilis  in  ea  parte  absque  contradiccionis  appellacionis  vel  que- 
rele  obstaculo  sustineat  pacienter,  et  in  casu  quo  hec  vel  consimilia 
fecerit,  ex  post  facto  acriiis  et  acrius  procedatur  contra  eum,  prout 
exegerit  contumacia  delinquentis. 

XXI.   QUOMODO  SUCCURRITUR  SCOLARIBUS   ET   CONSANGUINEIS   FUNDA- 
TORIS   TEMPORE   INFIRMITATIS   EGRUNDEM. 

Item,  cum  debilibus  et  infirmis  humanitatis  prebere  presidium 
jubeat  caritas,  et  pietas  interpellat,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus, 
quod  si  quem  dicti  nostri  Collegii  scolarem  infirmari  contigerit, 
scolaris  ipse  usque  ad  unum  mensem  eciam,  si  tanto  tempore 
eius  duret  infirmitas,  comunas  in  et  de  dicto  Collegio  percipiat 
sicut  sanus.  Si  vero  post  mensem  eius  duret  infirmitas,  et  tunc 
spes  non  fuerit  evidens  de  ipsius  propinqua  reconvalescencia,  nee 
beneficium  habeat  vel  redditum  unde  poterit  sustentari,  nee  amicos 
qui  eidem  velint  et  valeant  subvenire,  tunc  ipsum  extra  Collegium 
in  loco  honesto  volumus  commorari,  percipiendo  in  et  de  Collegio 
per  tres  menses  tunc  immediate  sequentes  comunas  in  pecunia 
pro  scolaribus  assignatas,  si  per  tantum  tempus  eius  duraverit  in- 
firmitas supradicta.  Volumusque,  quod  omnes  illi,  quorum  infir- 
mitas ulterius  duraverit,  si   spes   tunc   de  proxima  convalescencia 


494  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

non  fuerit,  extunc  desinant  esse  scolares  nostri  Collegii  memorati, 
aliique  loco  eorundem  ad  dictum  Collegium  prope  Wyntoniam  quam- 
citius  fieri  potest  infra  octo  dies  realiter  admittantur,  ut  numerus 
sociorum  et  scolarium  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  quandocunque  ipsum 
minui  contigerit  de  scolaribus  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  pre- 
dictis  sufficienter  instructis  et  ydoneis  semper  poterit  adimpleri  juxta 
ordinaciones  nostras  et  statuta  edita  in  hac  parte.  Nostros  vero 
consanguineos  infirmitatem  pacientes  in  ipso  Collegio  volumus 
commorari  et  eis  de  cibis  et  potibus  ac  aliis  necessariis  eorum 
infirmitatibus  congruentibus  durante  infirmitate  eorundem  de  bonis 
comunibus  dicti  Collegii,  prout  opus  fuerit,  ministrari.  Si  autem 
infirmitatem  perpetuam  seu  morbum  contagiosum  iidem  nostri 
consanguinei  habuerint,  ipsos  tunc  extra  Collegium  in  loco  honesto, 
quem  elegerint,  volumus  commorari,  et  eorum  cuilibet  possessiones 
aut  redditus,  spirituales  aut  temporales,  ad  valorem  annuum  centum 
solidorum,  ut  premittitur,  non  habenti  pro  victualibus  et  aliis  sibi 
necessariis  duos  solidos  duntaxat  singulis  septimanis,  quoad  vixerint, 
annuatim  persolvi  per  manus  bursariorum  Collegii  supradicti.  Ad 
quam  quidem  solucionem  ipsos  custodem  et  bursarios  artari  volu- 
mus sub  ipsorum  debito  prestiti  juramenti.  Proviso  quod  expense 
circa  consanguineos  nostros  vigore  presentis  nostri  statuti  seu  al- 
terius  cuiuscunque  ex  speciali  prerogative  quomodolibet  faciende 
ipsiusque  percepciones  annue  preter  et  ultra  omnia  alia  que  ut 
ceteri  dicti  Collegii  scolares  sunt  in  et  de  eodem  Collegio  alias 
percepturi  in  uno  et  eodem  anno  viginti  librarum  summum  aliqua- 
tenus  non  transcendant. 

XXII.   Propter  quas  causas  possit  et  debet  custos  a  Collegio 

AMMOVERI  ;  et  DE  MODO  ET  FORMA  REMOVENDI  EUNDEM  ; 
ET  QUALITER  SUCCURRITUR  EIDEM  EX  CAUSIS  HONESTIS 
AMMOTO. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  dictus  custos  Collegii 
prope  Wyntoniam  propter  dilapidacionem  alienacionem  terrarum, 
tenementorum,  reddituum,  possessionum  spiritualium  et  tempora- 
lium,  seu  destruccionem  vel  alienacionem  illicitam  bonorum  et  rerum 
ipsius  Collegii,  incontinenciam  gravem,  negligenciam  intolera- 
bilem,  homicidium  voluntarium,  aliamque  causam  legitimam  quam- 
cunque  ipsum  custodem  omnino  reddentem  inhabilem,  necnon 
propter  infirmitatem  contagiosam  perpetuam,  cuius  pretextu  non 
poterit  absque  gravi  scandalo  ulterius  officium  huiusmodi  occupare, 
ab  officio  ammoveatur  predicto.  Et  tunc  ante  processum  alium 
contra  eum  faciendum,  ad  cedendum  voluntarie  et  gratis  officio 
suo  predicto  per  custodem  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie  et  socios  juratos 
ciusdem  Collegii  seu  vicecustodem  et  eosdem    socios  supervisionis 


Appendix  XI.  495 

tempore  efFectualiter  inducatur  et  eciam  requiratur ;  et  si  sponte 
idem  custos  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  cedere  noluerit,  tunc  custos 
sociique  jurati  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie,  seu  vicecustos  et  socii  pre- 
dicti  et  alii  socii  presbiteri  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam,  ipsius 
custodis  crimina,  defectus,  vel  excessus  seu  causam  ammocionis 
eiusdem  Episcopo  Wyntoniensi  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  vel  ipsius 
vicario  in  spiritualibus  generali,  aut,  sede  vacante,  custodi  spirituali- 
tatis  eiusdem  per  duos  ipsius  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  discreciores 
socios,  per  dictum  custodem  sociosque  juratos  Collegii  nostri 
Oxonie  vel  vicecustodem  et  socios  eosdem  ac  per  maiorem  partem 
omnium  sociorum  presbiterorum  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam 
electos  cum  litteris  eorundem  dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  comuni 
sigillo  si  absque  difficultate  haberi  poterit,  alioquin  sigillo  alio  aucten- 
tico  sigillatis,  signo  et  subscripcione  alicuius  notarii  publici  commu- 
nitis,  defectus,  crimina,  et  excessus  seu  causam  ammocionis  huiusmodi 
continentibus,  denuncient  et  insinuent  sine  mora.  Episcopus  vero, 
vicarius,  aut  custos  spiritualitatis  predicte  de  criminibus,  defectibus, 
et  excessibus,  vel  aliis  causis  huiusmodi  summarie  et  de  piano  et 
extrajudicialiter  cognoscens  si  per  probaciones  vel  informaciones 
legitimas  ministratas  huiusmodi  denunciata  et  suggesta  que  ad  de- 
posicionem  vel  ammocionem  custodis  predicti  sufficere  debeant 
repererit  esse  vera,  statim  ab  officio  deponat  et  ab  administracione 
ammoveat  indilate ;  dictique  Collegii  Oxonie  custodi  et  sociis  scri- 
bat  et  injungat,  ut  ad  eleccionem  novi  custodis  Collegii  nostri  prope 
Wyntoniam  juxta  modum  et  formam  in  eiusdem  Collegii  statutis 
limitatos  procedant.  Cessante  in  hac  parte  cuiuscunque  appellacionis 
et  querele  ac  quocunque  alio  juris  et  facti  remedio  per  quod  huius- 
modi deposicio  vel  ammocio  custodis  poterit  impediri.  Cui  quidem 
olim  custodi  sic,  ut  prefertur,  cedenti  vel  ammoto,  dum  tamen  non 
propter  crimina  vel  excessus  cesserit  vel  ammotus  fuerit,  si  aliunde 
ultra  valorem  viginti  marcarum  in  spiritualibus  vel  temporalibus 
promotus  non  fuerit,  extra  Collegium  moraturo  viginti  marce  an- 
nuatim  ad  quatuor  anni  terminos  principales  pro  sustentacione  sua 
et  pro  omnibus  sibi  necessariis  de  bonis  Collegii  annis  singulis 
ministrentur.  Custos  vero  promotus  ultra  summam  viginti  mar- 
carum predictarum  ex  quacunque  causa  cedens  vel  ammotus  nichil 
penitus  percipiet  de  bonis  Collegii  ex  post  facto.  Et  si  forsan  quic- 
quam  post  cessionem  aut  ammocionem  huiusmodi  receperit  de 
bonis  Collegii  supradicti,  vel  prius  recepta  sibi  et  usui  suo  appli- 
caverit,  preter  ilia  que  sibi  et  officio  suo  pro  porcione  sua  dispo- 
nuntur  ad  refusionem  et  restitucionem  eorundem  per  successorem 
suum  modis  et  viis  possibilibus  compellatur.  Ad  quam  quidem 
restitucionem  faciendam  in  virtute  juramenti  in  prefeccione  sua 
prestiti  eciam  noverit  se  adstrictum. 


49^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

XXIII.   Propter  quas  causas  honestas  et  racionabiles  presbi- 

TERI  SOCIl  FINALITER  DEBENT  A  COLLEGIO  RECEDERE  MEMORATO. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  si  quis  presbi- 
terorum  sociorum  ipsius  nostri  Collegii  religionem  intraverit,  et  in 
ipsa  per  mensem  steterit,  quamvis  in  ipsa  professionem  non  fecerit, 
vel  ab  ipso  nostro  Collegio  ultra  unum  mensem  in  anno  aliquo 
continuum  vel  interpellatis  vicibus  discontinuum,  nisi  in  negociorum 
dicti  Collegii  prosecucione,  seu  ex  alia  causa  vera  et  legitima  per 
custodem  et  maiorem  partem  sociorum  presbiterorum  dicti  Collegii 
approbanda  se  absentaverit,  ipsum  auctoritate  presentis  statuti  a 
dicto  Collegio  eiusque  comunis  et  comodis  privatum  et  ammotum 
fore  decernimus  ipso  facto,  ac  extunc  pro  non  socio  habeatur. 
Statuentes  preterea,  quod  quicunque  presbiterorum  sociorum  dic- 
torum  volens  ex  causis  aliis  a  dicto  Collegio  voluntarie  recedere 
custodem  vel  vicecustodem  per  sex  menses  ante  recessum  suum 
de  ipsius  recessu,  si  sibi  per  tantum  tempus  de  eo  constiterit,  pre- 
muniat  sub  ipsius  debito  juramenti,  ut  interim  de  alio  presbitero 
ydoneo  loco  eiusdem  debite  valeat  provideri. 

XXIV.   Propter  quas  causas  scolares  a  dicto  Collegio 

DEBENT  AMMOVERI. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  si  quis  scolarium 
dicti  nostri  Collegii  quartumdecimum  etatis  sue  annum  excedens 
super  furto  notabili,  perjurio  manifesto,  homicidio  voluntario,  adul- 
terio  notorio,  incestu,  vel  atroci  percussione  custodis,  socii  pres- 
biteri,  magistri  informatoris  seu  hostiarii  sub  ipso,  vel  scolaris  de 
Collegio  lesionem  enormem  inferente  convictus  existat,  vel  aliquod 
aliud  perpetraverit,  per  quod  grave  dampnum  vel  scandalum  dicto 
nostro  Collegio  generetur;  seu  si  quis  ipsorum,  cuiuscunque  etatis 
fuerit,  professionem  in  aliqua  religione  approbata  fecerit,  matri- 
moniumve  contraxerit,  seu  a  scolis  ipsius  Collegii  ultra  unum  men- 
sem in  anno  continue  vel  discontinue  numerandum  a  dicto  Collegio 
absque  causa  racionabili,  per  custodem  dicti  Collegii  et  magistrum 
informatorem  in  grammatica  approbanda,  se  absentaverit ;  vel  post- 
quam  aliquis  scolarium  predictorum,  nostris  consanguineis  exceptis, 
possessiones  spirituales  vel  temporales  annul  valoris  centum  soli- 
dorum  pacifice  adeptus  fuerit,  extunc  a  dicto  Collegio  expellatur, 
eiusque  comunis  et  comodis  presentis  nostre  ordinacionis  et  statuti 
vigore,  nulla  alia  monicione  premissa,  absque  cuiuscunque  appella- 
cionis  vel  querele  aut  alio  juris  seu  facti  remedio,  perpetuo  sit  pri- 
vatus  penitus  et  exclusus.  Quemlibet  vero  nostrum  consanguineum 
cum  viginti  libras  in  possessionibus  aut  redditibus  spiritualibus  vel 
temporalibus,  ipsorum  oneribus  supportatis,  expendere  potent 
annuatim  a  dicto  Collegio  ammoveri  volumus  penitus  et  excludi. 


Appendix  XL  497 

XXV.    Propter  que   crimina,   delicta,   et   excessus    presbiteri 

SOCII    A    DICTO    COLLEGIO    PENITUS   AMMOVERI    VOLUMUS    El 
EXPEIXI. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  si  contra  aliquem 
presbiterorum  dicti  nostri  Collegii  infamia  oriatur  super  heresi, 
simonia,  perjurio  manifesto,  furto  notabili,  homicidio  voluntario,  adul- 
terio  notorio,  vel  incestu,  percussione  custodis,  socii  perpetui  vel  pres- 
biteri, magistri  seu  hostiarii  sub  ipso,  vel  scolaris  dicti  nostri  Collegii 
lesionem  enormem  inferente  in  casu  a  jure  non  permisso,  vel  super 
aliquo  de  criminibus  maioribus,  aut  quod  notorius  fornicator  existat, 
seu  quod  conventiculas,  conspiraciones,  confederaciones,  seu  pacciones 
illicitas  contra  statum  dicti  Collegii  nostri  fecerit,  inierit,  aut  ipsas  fieri 
procuraverit,  aut  aliud  factum  perpetraverit,  per  quod  grave  dampnum, 
prejudicium,  vel  scandalum  predicto  nostro  Collegio  generetur,  et 
de  premissis,  vel  eorum  aliquo,  coram  custode  dicti  nostri  Collegii, 
assidentibus  sibi  quinque  de  aliis  presbiteris  sociis  dicti  nostri 
Collegii  senioribus,  per  ipsius  confessionem,  aut  testes  ydoneos 
ipsorum  custodis  et  presbiterorum  sociorum  judicio  approbandos, 
vel  per  facti  evidenciam  convictus  fuerit,  extunc  ipsum  a  dicto 
nostro  Collegio  presentis  nostre  ordinacionis  et  vigore  statuti  ex- 
pelli  volumus,  ac  ipso  facto  perpetuo  fore  privatum  eodem,  pre- 
dicti  custodis  seu  alterius  cuiuscunque  remissione  seu  dispensacione 
ipsiusve  convicti  appellacione  seu  querela  aut  alio  juris  remedio  in 
hac  parte  sibi  minime  valituris.  Et  insuper  ut  premissa  caucius 
evitentur  quemlibet  presbiterum  in  dicti  nostri  Collegii  socium 
perpetuum  admittendum  ad  observacionem  presentis  nostri  statuti 
omniumque  et  singulorum  statutorum  et  ordinacionum  eiusdem 
Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  in  ipsius  recepcione  primaria 
specialiter  artari  volumus  sub  ipsius  debito  juraraenti. 

XXVI.  De  porcione  custodis,  presbiterorum  sociorum,  et 
aliorum  ministrorum  dicti  Collegii. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos  Collegii 
nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  pro  ipsius  labore  in  officio  suo  predicto  no- 
mine stipendii  viginti  libras  sterlingorum ;  quilibet  eciam  de  decem 
presbiteris  sociis  perpetuis  predictis  pro  stipendio  suo  centum 
solidos  sterlingorum ;  quilibet  vero  capellanorum  conducticiorum 
quadraginta  solidos,  si  sic  conduci  poterit,  sin  autem,  prout 
custos  predictus  usque  ad  summam  quatuor  marcarum  cum  eo 
melius  poterit  convenire  ;  magister  informator  scolarium  decem 
libras,  hostiarius  scolarium  sub  ipso  quinque  marcas  ultra  cotidi- 
anas  comunas  et  robas  suas  ac  alia  que  recipient  in  et  de  Collegio 
supradicto;  ac  quilibet  de  tribus  clericis  capelle  conducticiis,  ultra 

Kk 


498  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

mensam  suam  et  liberatam  panni,  viginti  solidos  pro  stipendiis 
eorundem  percipiant  annuatim.  Ordinantes  preterea  quod  de  equis 
competentibus  una  cum  sellis  et  aliis  necessariis  hernessiis  pro  eis- 
dem  dictum  Collegium  provideat  de  bonis  ipsius  Collegii  comunibus 
ad  opus  Collegii  et  aliorum  in  negociis  dicti  Collegii  equitancium, 
duobus  equis  cum  ferruris,  hernessiis  et  aliis  necessariis  pro  eisdem, 
pro  custode  videlicet  et  clerico  sive  domicello  ipsius  competentibus 
duntaxat  exceptis,  quos  et  que  dictus  custos  in  empcione  et  ip- 
sorum  mutacione,  quociens  opus  fuerit,  suis  sumptibus  propriis 
inveniet  et  eciam  ordinabit.  Quibus  quidem  equis  tarn  custodis 
quam  Collegii  de  feno  et  pabulo  de  bonis  predictis  volumus 
provideri.  Volentes  insuper,  quod  custos  predictus  tres  secum 
habeat  proprios  servientes,  quorum  unus  clericus  vel  domicellus, 
alius  valettus,  et  tercius  garcio  existat,  qui,  sicut  ceteri  familiares 
dicti  Collegii  de  bonis  eiusdem  comunibus  juxta  statum  et  condi- 
cionem  ipsorum  in  victualibus  procurentur,  necnon  liberatam  an- 
nuam  competentem  et  stipendium  percipiant  de  bonis  comunibus 
Collegii  supradicti.  Ita  tamen  quod  non  plus  quam  viginti  solidi 
pro  clerico  sive  domicello,  pro  valetto  vero  tresdecim  solidi  et 
quatuor  denarii,  necnon  pro  garcione  sex  solidi  octo  denarii  allo- 
centur,  seu  quomodolibet  persolvantur.  Quo  quidem  custode  in 
negociis  Collegii  de  avisamento,  consilio,  et  consensu  vicecustodis 
et  bursariorum  eiusdem  extra  villam  agente,  quociens  id  contigerit, 
pro  omnibus  expensis  suis  et  omnium  aliorum  secum  in  dictis 
negociis  laborancium,  necnon  aliorum  per  ipsum  pro  utilitate,  co- 
modo,  et  honore  dicti  Collegii  invitandorum.  Collegium  de  bonis 
ipsius  comunibus  satisfaciet  memoratum.  Si  autem  in  negociis  suis 
propriis  absens  fuerit,  tunc  de  bonis  suis  propriis  procuretur.  In- 
super  ut  honor  dicti  nostri  Collegii  debite  conservetur,  charitasque 
in  eodem  ampliixs  procuretur,  et  per  Dei  graciam  magis  et  magis 
habundet,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  in  singulis  festis 
infrascriptis,  videlicet  in  festis  Natalis  Domini,  Sanctorum  Inno- 
cencium,  Circumcisionis  Domini,  Epiphanie  Domini,  Purificacionis 
beate  Marie,  Annunciacionis  beate  Marie,  Pasche,  Ascensionis 
Domini,  Pentecostes,  Trinitatis,  Corporis  Christi,  Nativitatis  Sancti 
Johannis  Baptiste,  Apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli,  Translacionis  Sancti 
Swithuni,  Assumpcionis  beate  Marie,  Nativitatis  eiusdem.  Omnium 
Sanctorum,  Concepcionis  beate  Marie,  et  Sancti  Nicholai,  custodi, 
sociis  presbiteris,  capellanis  conducticiis,  magistro  informatori,  hos- 
tiario,  et  scolaribus,  ut  in  diebus  huiusmodi  lautiiis  epulentur,  ultra 
cotidianas  comunas  eis  concessas  quinque  solidi  de  bonis  comuni- 
bus per  manus  bursariorum  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  ministrentur. 


Appendix  XI.  499 

XXVII.   De  comuni  annua  vestium  liberatA. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos  et  decern 
presbiteri  socii  perpetui  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wintoniam  ac  tres  alii 
presbiteri  conducticii  et  magister  informator  scolarium  in  grama- 
tica  erga  festum  Nativitatis  in  annis  singulis  imperpetuum  de  bonis 
comunibus  dicti  Collegii  de  una  et  eadem  secta  vestiantur.  Et 
quod  custos  habeat  pro  parte  sua  duodecim  virgatas  panni  et  qui- 
libet  de  ceteris  presbyteris  sociis  ac  magister  informator  scolarium 
in  gramatica  percipiat  octo  virgatas  panni ;  quilibet  eciam  de  ca- 
pellanis  conducticiis  sex  virgatas ;  hostiarius  vero  quinque  virgatas, 
precii  cuiuslibet  integri  panni  continentis  ad  minus  vigintiquatuor 
virgatas  sufficienter  aquati,  siccati,  et  tonsi,  quadraginta  duorum 
solidorum,  in  toto ;  de  quo  quidem  panno  prefatus  custos  secun- 
dum statQs  sui  et  gradOs  condecenciam ;  ceteri  vero  presbiteri 
socii  et  alii  conducticii  ac  magister  et  hostiarius  predicti  robas 
talares  sibi  confici  faciant  condecenter.  Volumusque  quod  qui- 
libet socius  perpetuus  Collegii  predicti  ac  magister  informator 
scolarium  eiusdem  tres  solidos  et  quatuor  denarios  pro  furrura 
robe  sue  predicte  percipiat  annuatim.  Statuentes  preterea  quod 
scolares  dicti  nostri  Collegii  universi  et  tres  clerici  de  capella  eius- 
dem Collegii  erga  dictum  festum  Nativitatis  Domini  singulis  annis 
imperpetuum  de  bonis  comunibus  dicti  Collegii  de  una  et  alia  secta 
vestiantur.  Ita  tamen  quod  pannus  huiusmodi  de  albo  vel  nigro 
aut  russeto  vel  glauco  colore  non  existat,  et  quod  tantum  de  panno 
huiusmodi  ipsorum  cuilibet  tribuatur,  de  quo  unam  togam  talarem 
cum  capucio  sibi  facere  poterit  condecenter;  et  quod  quilibet  pan- 
nus pro  dictis  scolaribus  et  clericis  capelle  comparandus  aquatus, 
siccatus,  et  tonsus  vigintiquatuor  virgatas  ad  minus  contineat,  et 
precium  triginta  trium  solidorum  et  quatuor  denariorum  non  ex- 
cedat ;  et  quod  nullus  scolaris  liberatam  suam  huiusmodi  illo  anno 
quo  ipsam  perceperit,  nisi  in  diebus  dominicis  et  festivis,  aut  in  pro- 
cessionibus  vel  convocacionibus  solemnibus,  aut  ali^s  ex  causa 
alia  racionabili  per  custodem  vel  vicecustodem  approbanda,  se  in- 
duat  quovismodo.  Statuentes  insuper,  quod  nullus  scolarium  pre- 
dictorum  vestibus  stragulatis,  variegatis,  seu  diversis  coloribus 
partitis  aut  ordini  ■clericali  minimi  congruentibus  quovismodo  uta- 
tur  quamdiu  steterit  in  Collegio  supradicto.  Inhibentes  insuper 
custodi  ac  omnibus  et  singulis  presbiteris  sociis  perpetuis  et  capel- 
lanis  conducticiis  necnon  magistro  informatori  et  hostiario  sub 
ipso  qui  per  tempore  fuerint,  ne  liberatam  suam  dicti  Collegii 
infra  quinquennium  a  tempore  recepcionis  liberate  eiusdem  ven- 
dant,  impignerent,  sive  donent,  vel  extra  Collegium  predictum  de- 
ponant,  vel  alio  ab  quocunque  alienacionis  titulo  alienent  eciam 
vel   concedant,  preterquam    ipsius  Collegii  pauperibus  scolaribus, 

K  k  2 


500  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

et  in  casu  inferius  designate.  Scolaribus  eciam  dicti  nostri  Collegii 
omnibus  et  singulis  inhibemus,  ne  liberatam  suam  predictam  infra 
triennium  a  tempore  recepccionis  eiusdem  computandum  vendant, 
impignerent,  donent,  vel  extra  Collegium  predictum  deponant,  vel 
alias  quocunque  alienacionis  titulo  alienent  vel  concedant.  Permitti- 
mus  tamen  custodi,  presbiteris,  magistro  informatori,  et  hostiario 
predictis,  quod  ipsi  liberatam  suam  precedentem  dicti  Collegii  sco- 
laribus pauperibus  seu  choristis  gratis  dare  valeant  liberaliter  et 
conferre  si  voluerint  intuitu  charitatis. 

XXVIII.  De  PRECIBUS  ORACIONIBUS  et  ALUS  SUFFRAGIIS  PER  CUSTO- 
DEM  ET  SOCIOS  PRESBITEROS  PERPETUOS  ET  CONDUCTICIOS 
CLERICOS   DICENDIS. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos  dicti  nostri 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  necnon  presbiteri  socii  perpetui  omnes  et 
singuli  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  in  eodem  CoUegio  singulis  diebus 
cum  de  lecto  surrexerint,  et  de  sero  antequam  lectum  intra- 
verint,  aut  aliis  horis  diei  vel  noctis,  si  dictis  temporibus  aliqua 
justa  et  honesta  de  causa  fuerint  impediti  in  honore  sanctissime  et 
'individue  Trinitatis  dicant  illam  antiphonam  de  Trinitate  Libera 
Nos,  et  cetera,  cum  versiculo  Benedicamus  Patrem  et  Filium  cum 
Sando  Spiritu  cum  oracione  consueta,  videlicet  Omnipotens  sempi- 
terne  Dens  et  dum  fuerimus  in  hac  vita  cum  oracione  adjuncts 
que  sequitur  Rege  quesumus,  Domine,  pontificem  fundatorem  nos- 
trum ;  cum  vero  subtract!  fuerimus  ab  hac  luce  adjuncta  oracione 
ilia  Deus,  qui  inter  apostolicos  sacerdotes  famulum  tuum  funda- 
torem nostrum  pontificali  dignitate,  et  cetera  oracionis  loco  Rege 
quesumus,  Domine  supradicte.  Dicat  eciam  eorum  quilibet  quolibet 
die,  hora  qua  voluerit,  pro  animabus  illustrissimi  principis  Domini 
Edvardi  Regis  Anglie  Tercii  et  domine  Philippe  Regine  conjugis 
sue  ac  Edvardi  filii  eorum  primogeniti,  patrisque  et  matris  nostrorum, 
necnon  et  post  mortem  nostram  pro  anima  nostra,  necnon  pro  ani- 
mabus Domini  Ricardi  Regis  Anglie  illustris  secundi,  et  Domine 
Anne  consortis  sue,  cum  ab  hac  luce  subtract!  fuerint  ^  et  animabus 
omnium  fidelium,  psalmum  ilium  De  Profundis  clamavi  cum 
Kyrie  eleison  et  oracione  dominica  cum  salutacione  Angelica  more 
solito,  et  cum  oracionibus  Inclina  Domine  et  Fidelium.  Deus^ 
cum  recitacione  nominum  patris  et  matris  nostrorum  predictorum, 
videUcet  Johannis  et  Sibille,  ac  post  mortem  nostram  premissam 
oracionem  illam  Deus,  qui  inter  apostolicos  sacerdotes.  Item  vo- 
lumus et  ordinamus  quod  omnibus  et  singulis  diebus  per  annum  in 
capella  predict!  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  post  altam  missam 

*  This  Statute  must  have  been  drawn  in  or  before  1394,  since  Anne  of 
Bohemia  died  in  that  year. 


Appendix  XI.  501 

et  horam  diei  nonam  ac  horam  completorii  ^  dicatur  in  choro  a 
singulis  eiusdem  capelle  presbiteris  et  ministris  in  comuni  stando 
ante  recessum  eorundem  a  choro  psalmum  De  frofundis  cum 
oracione  dominica  et  salutacione  Angelica,  necnon  oracionibus  dum 
vixerimus  Inclina  Domine  et  Absolve  quesumus  et  cum  ab  hac 
luce  migraverimus,  cum  oracionibus  Deus  qui  inter  apostolicosy 
et  Absolve  quesumus.  Quibus  sic  dictis  et  completis  dicat  rector 
chori  public^  in  audiencia  Anima  fundatoris  nostri  Willhelmi  et 
anime  omnium  fidelium  defunctorum  per  misericordiam  Dei  in  pace 
requiescant.  Consimiliterque  predictum  psalmum  cum  oracionibus 
predictis  post  prandium  et  eciam  post  cenam  in  aula  post  gracias 
completas  dici  volumus  singulis  diebus  imperpetuum.  Volentes  pre- 
terea,  quod  si  socii  predicti  die  una  preces  predictas  propter  varias 
forsan  occupaciones  omittant  die  alia  sequente  supplere  poterunt  sic 
omissa,  nostris  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  non  obstantibus  supra- 
dictis.  Super  quibus  omnibus  ipsorum  omnium  et  singulorum  con- 
sciencias  apud  Altissimum  artius  oneramus. 

XXIX.     De    modo    dicendi    missas    matutinas    et   alias    horas 

CANONICAS    IN    CAPELlA    CoLLEGII    MEMORATI,   ET    DE   OR- 
DINE   STANDI   IN   CHORO  CAPELLE   PREDICTE. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  singulis  diebus  per 
annum  vespere,  matutine,  misse,  et  alie  hore  canonice  de  die  in 
capella  dicti  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  cum  cantu  et  nota  per  pres- 
biteros  socios  perpetuos  eiusdem  Collegii  et  alios  capellanos  et 
clericos  conducticios  ad  hoc,  ut  premittitur,  specialiter  deputatos 
devociiis  celebrentur  secundum  usum  et  consuetudinem  ecclesie 
Cathedralis  Sarum  ac  distinccionem  et  ordinacionem  inferiiis  an- 
notatas ;  quodque  singulis  diebus  inter  quartam  et  quintam  pulsa- 
cionem  campane  sive  orilogii  pulsent  ad  matutinas,  nisi  proper 
diei  festivitatem  aut  aliam  causam  racionabilem  citiiis  aut  tardiiis 
fuerit  judicio  custodis  aut  sacriste  pulsandum.  Si  quis  vero  de 
dictis  sociis  presbiteris  aut  capellanis  conducticiis  a  divinis  officiis 
in  dicta  capella,  ut  premittitur,  celebrandis  absque  causa  racionabili 
per  custodem,  sen,  ipso  absente,  vicecustodem  approbanda  pre- 
sumpserit  absentare,  pro  qualibet  vice  absencie  huiusmodi  a  matu- 
tinis  missis  vel  vesperis,  duo  denarii,  a  prime  vero  tercie,  sexte, 
vel  none  aut  completorii  officiis  pro  qualibet  horarum  huiusmodi 
unus  denarius  subtrahantur  de  stipendio  presbiteri  sic  absentis 
comunis  sociorum  ultra  eorum  septimanales  comunas  applicandi. 
Volentes  nihilominus  quod  si  quis  predictorum  presbiterorum  seu 
capellanorum  sepius  culpabilis  fuerit  in  premissis  poena  huiusmodi 
contra  eundem   per  custodem  predictum  debite  aggravetur,  prout 

'  Compline  or  Second  Vespers,  about  7  o'clock  ;  the  last  ser\ice  of  the  day. 


502  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

exegerit  protervitas  delinquentis.  Ulterius  statuentes,  quod  eciam 
singulis  diebus  dominicis  et  aliis  diebus  solempnibus  et  festivis  per 
annum  contingentibus  in  primis  et  secundis  vesperis,  matutinis, 
missis,  processionibus,  et  aliis  horis  canonicis  de  die  custos  ipsius 
Collegii  nisi  ex  causa  legitima  seu  racionabili  absens  fuerit  ac  vice- 
custos  presbiteri  et  scolares  omnes  et  singuli  necnon  magister  in- 
formator  scolarium  et  hostiarius  ac  tres  clerici  de  capella  cessante 
impedimento  legitime,  judicio  custodis,  si  presens  fuerit,  aut  vice- 
custodis,  si  custos  absens  fuerit,  approbando,  in  eadem  capella 
personaliter  intersint.  Dictique  custos,  vicecustos,  presbiteri, 
magister  informator  scolarium  et  hostiarius,  nostrique  consanguinei 
quintum  decimum  etatis  sue  annum  attingentes,  ac  alii  ipsius  Col- 
legii scolares  provectiores  stallos  in  choro  capelle  predicte  occupent, 
iidemque  custos  cum  supperpellicio  et  amicia  de  griseo  \  vicecustos- 
que  et  ceteri  presbiteri  socii  et  alii  capellani  conducticii  predicti 
honestis  superpelliciis  et  amiciis  suis  propriis  penulatis  sive  furra- 
tis,  ceteri  vero  scolares,  magister  instructor  scolarium,  et  hosti- 
arius suis  superpelliciis  propriis  honestis  induti  ipsas  vesperas, 
matutinas,  missas,  et  alias  horas  canonicas  dierum  huiusmodi  ad 
invicem  in  personis  suis  propriis  dicturi,  lecturi  et  eciam  cantaturi, 
omniaque  et  singula  ad  vesperas,  matutinas,  missas,  et  processiones 
solemniter  cum  cantu  et  nota  celebrandas  pertinencia  cantanda  et 
legenda  distincte  dicant,  legant  devociiis,  atque  cantent,  ibidemque 
omnia  et  singula  ad  que  ipsos  per  custodem  vicecustodem  aut  rectores 
chori  dicte  capelle  in  divinis  officiis  exsequendis  assignari  ac  eciam 
deputari  contigerit  legendo,  psallendo,  canendo,  aliaque  ministeria 
faciendo,  in  omnibus  exsequantur  humiliter  ac  devote,  uno  presbitero 
ydoneo  de  sociis  presbiteris  Collegii  predicti  per  custodem  vel  dictum 
vicecustodem  cursorie  ac  circulariter  ^  nominando  missam  huiusmodi 
celebrante,  ac  totum  ipsius  diei  ofificium  exsequente.  Scolares  vero 
predicti  ac  clerici  capelle  a  vigilia  Pasche  usque  ad  festum  Omnium 
Sanctorum  capuciis  in  choro  nullo  modo  utantur.  Statuimus  pre- 
terea,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  in  festis  Nativitatis  Domini, 
Circumcisionis,  Epiphanie,  Pasche,  Ascensionis,  Pentecostes,  et  in 
festis  Sancte  Marie  Virginis,  Trinitatis,  Corporis  Christi,  Omnium 
Sanctorum,  et  dedicacionis  capelle  ipsius  Collegii,  Nativitatis  Sancti 
Johannis  Baptiste  et  Apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauh,  custos,  vice- 
custos, aut  alius  de  senioribus  sociis  ipsius  Collegii  primas  et  se- 
cundas  vesperas,  altam  missam,  et  alias  horas  de  die  in  persona 
sua  propria  cum  nota  solemniter  celebret,  et  in  capella  predicts 
in  omnibus  exsequatur.  In  aliis  vero  festis  infrascriptis,  videlicet 
Sanctorum  Stephani,  Johannis  Apostoli,  Innocencium,  Sancti  Thome 
Martiris,  et  feria  secunda  tercia   et   quarta  ebdomade   Pasche   et 

'  A  grey  amice.  '  In  course  and  rotation. 


Appendix  XL  503 

Pcntccostes,  Invencionis  et  Exaltacionis  Sancte  Crucis,  Translacionis 
Sancti  Thome  Martiris,  Sanctorum  Andree  et  Thome  Apostolorum, 
Matthie  Marci  Apostolorum,  Philippi  et  lacobi,  et  Sancti  lacobi  Apos- 
toli,  Bartholomei,  Matthei,  Michaelis,  Luce,  Simonis  et  lude,  Martini, 
Nicholai,  Translacionis  Sancti  Swithuni,  Katharine  et  Magdalene, 
minores  et  inferiores  persone,  socii  et  presbyteri  ipsius  Collegii 
secundum  ordinacionem  et  discrecionem  custodis,  si  custos  presens 
fuerit,  seu  in  ipsius  absencia,  vicecustodis,  dienim  huiusmodi  officia 
modo  debito  exsequantur.  Nee  ab  huiusmodi  horis  et  missis  pre- 
dictis  diebus  liceat  alicui  recedere,  nisi  forsan  ex  causa  racionabili 
per  custodem,  vel  ipso  absente  vicecustodem,  merito  approbanda 
ipsorum  quempiam  prius  recedere  oportebit.  Permittimus  tamen 
quod  in  festo  Innocencium  pueri  vesperas  matutinas  et  alia  divina 
officia  legenda  et  cantanda  dicere  et  exsequi  valeant  secundum 
usum  et  consuetudinem  ecclesie  Sarum.  Reliquis  vero  festis  cum 
regimine  vel  sine  regimine  chori  celebrandis  et  aliis  ferialibus  die- 
bus  per  totum  annum  presbiteri  socii  predicti  et  alii  capellani 
conducticii  vesperas  matutinas  processiones  missas  cum  collectis 
et  memoriis  specialibus  inferius  recitatis,  et  alias  horas  canonicas 
cum  cantu  et  nota  secundum  usum  ecclesie  Sarum  cum  clericis  et 
choristis  capelle  nostre  predicte  ad  hoc  specialiter  deputatis  devo- 
cione  debita  dicant,  celebrent,  atque  cantent.  Quos  eciam  pres- 
biteros  dicere  volumus  ultra  horas  canonicas  septem  psalmos 
penitenciales  cum  letania  pro  vivis  ac  Placebo  et  Dirige  cum 
comendacionibus  pro  defunctis  secundum  usum  ecclesie  Sarum,  in 
festis  sine  regimine  chori,  et  in  diebus  ferialibus  per  totum  annum. 
Statuimus  eciam,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  singulis  diebus  im- 
perpetuum  preter  diem  Parasceues  septem  misse  de  certo  in  ca- 
pella  predicts  post  matutinas  et  horam  primam  de  die  dictas 
devociiis  celebrentur.  Quarum  una  missa  erit  de  Sancia  Maria, 
secundum  usum  Sarum  ecclesie  et  temporis  anni  exigenciam  cum 
oracionibus  infrascriptis,  prima  videlicet  de  Sancta  Maria.  Secunda 
Rege  quesumus,  Domine,  famulum  tuum  Willhehnum  fundatorem 
nostrum  dum  fuerimus  in  humanis.  Tercia  pro  salubri  statu 
Domini  Regis  Quesumus  omnipotens  Deus.  Quarta  pro  statu  uni- 
versalis ecclesie,  vel  pro  pace.  Quinta  pro  animabus  patris  et 
matris  nostrorum  et  omnium  fidelium  defunctorum,  cum  oracione 
Fidelium  Deus.  Cum  autem  ab  hac  luce  subtracti  fuerimus,  loco 
prefate  oracionis  Rege  quis  erit  tunc  secunda  oracio  pro  Epis- 
copo  Wyntonie  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  Rege  quesumus,  Domine, 
famulum  tuum  pontificem  nostrum :  tercia  pro  rege  vel  pro  statu 
universalis  ecclesie  aut  pro  pace :  quarta  pro  nobis  cum  oracione 
Deus  qui  inter  apostolicos ;  et  quinta  pro  defunctis  sicut  et 
prout  superius  recitatur.  Secunda  vero  missa  erit  de  Requiem 
pro  animabus  bone  mcmorie  illustrissimi  principis  Domini  Edvardi 


504  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Regis  Anglie  tercii,  domine  Philippe  Regine  nuper  consortis  sue, 
Edvardi  filii  primogeniti  eorundem,  principis  Aquitanie  et  Wallie, 
Domini  Ricardi  Regis  Anglie  secundi  et  Domine  Anne  consortis 
sue  atque  nostra  cum  migraverint  et  migraverimus  ex  hac  luce, 
Johannis  patris  nostri  et  Sibille  matris  nostre,  Radulphi  de  Sutton 
militis,  Johannis  de  Scures  militis,  et  Thome  de  Foxle,  Andree 
Gerveys,  et  Johannis  Wodelok,  ceterorumque  nostri  et  ipsius  Col- 
legii  benefactorum,  et  omnium  fidelium  defunctorum  cum  oracioni- 
bus  sequentibus  ;  prima  videlicet  Deus  qui  inter  apostolicos ; 
secunda  Inclina,  Domine',  et  tercia  Fidelium  Deus.  Tercia  vero 
missa  erit  de  die  secundum  temporis  anni  exigenciam  cum  ora- 
cionibus  secundum  ordinale  et  usum  ecclesie  Sarum.  Diebus  vero 
illis,  quando  plenum  sit  servicium  de  Sancta  Maria,  erit  tunc 
prima  missa  de  Salus  populi  aut  pwo  pace  vel  de  cruce  vel  alia 
missa  de  Sancto  diebus  huiusmodi  contingente  juxta  disposicionem 
custodis  vel  vicecustodis  predictorum  in  oracione  de  missa  et 
aliis  quatuor  oracionibus  supradictis.  Quas  omnes  tres  missas  ad 
summum  altare  dicte  capelle  per  notam  et  cum  cantu  volumus 
celebrari  die  Parasceues,  quo  die  misse  de  Sancta  Maria  et  de 
Requiem  dici  non  debent,  et  die  natalis  Domini  (in  qua  propter 
festi  ipsius  excellenciam  dictam  missam  de  Requiem  ad  dictum 
summum  altare  vel  aliud  altare  capelle  predicte  celebrari  permit- 
timus  sine  nota),  dumtaxat  exceptis,  Dictarum  vero  septem  mis- 
sarum  due  alie  misse  secundum  devocionem  celebrancium  cele- 
brande,  una  videlicet  specialiter  pro  anima  Dni  Radulphi  de  Sutton 
militis  defuncti,  et  alia  eciam  specialiter  pro  animabus  Dni  Johannis 
de  Scures  militis,  Thome  Foxle,  Andree  Gerveys,  et  Johannis  Wode- 
lok defunctorum  cum  oracionibus  Deus,  cut  soli  competit  medi- 
cinam  prestare  post  mortem,  Inclina  Domine,  et  Fidelium  Deus. 
Relique  vero  misse  de  septem  missis  predictis  cum  oracionibus 
Rege,  quesumus,  Domine,  dum  fuerimus  in  humanis,  et  post 
mortem  nostram  Deus,  qui  inter  apostolicos,  Inclina  Domine  et 
Fidelium  Deus,  in  capella  predicts  devociiis  celebrentur.  Quas 
quidem  septem  missas  per  presbiteros  predictos  intervicissim  et  cur- 
sorie  limitandos  volumus  celebrari,  nisi  cum  maiorem  missam  de  die 
vel  aliquam  aliam  missam  de  septem  missis  predictis  per  custodem 
vel  personam  aham  extraneam  celebrari  contingat,  tunc  enim  de  sex 
missis  per  dictos  presbiteros  celebrandis  volumus  contentari.  Et 
si,  quod  absit,  propter  infirmitatem  sociorum  presbiterorum  vel 
capellanorum  conducticiorum  seu  casum  alium  justam  causam  ex- 
cusacionis  in  hac  parte  afferentem  prefate  septem  misse  per  eosdem 
socios  et  capellanos  dici  et  compleri  non  poterunt,  ut  prefertur,  tunc 
ad  missas  huiusmodi  dicendas  et  complendas  capellanos  alios  tem- 
poribus  huiusmodi  assumi  et  provideri  sumptibus  et  expensis  om- 
nium sociorum  presbiterorum  in  comuni,  preterquam  in  esculentis 


Appendix  XL  505 

et  poculentis,  que  habebunt  capellani  sic  adsumpti  cum  aliis  sociis 
in  aula  comuni  de  bonis  comunibus  nostri  Collegii  supradicti ;  sic 
quod  nullo  unquam  tempore  deficiant  alique  de  septem  missis  per 
nos  superius  limitatis.  Statuentes  preterea  et  eciam  ordinantes  ut 
ceteri  presbiteri  dicti  omnes  et  singuli  dictas  septem  missas  mi- 
nimi celebrantes  (quos  singulis  septimanis  ter  ad  minus  cessante 
impedimento  legitimo  volumus  celebrare)  in  singulis  eorum  missis 
dum  fuerimus  in  humanis  dicant  pro  nobis  illam  coUectam  Rege 
quesumus,  Dotnine  ac  pro  animabus  Domini  Edvardi  regis  Anglie 
tercii  et  domine  Philippe  nuper  consortis  sue  Anglie  regine  ac 
Edvardi  principis  Wallie  primogeniti  eorundem,  et  pro  animabus 
domini  Ricardi  Regis  Anglie  illustris  secundi,  et  domine  Anne 
Regine  Anglie  consortis  sue  cum  ab  hac  luce  migraverint,  illam 
collectam  Jnclina,  Domine,  aurem  tuam ;  necnon  pro  animabus 
patris  et  matris  nostrorum,  predictorum  benefactorum  et  omnium 
fidelium  defunctorum  Fidelium  Deus.  Post  mortem  vero  nostram 
loco  collecte  Rege  quesumus,  Domine  dicant  predicti  presbiteri 
Deus,  qui  inter  apostolicos.  Et  nihilominus  dictos  presbiteros 
in  singulis  eorum  missis  per  eos,  ut  premittitur,  celebrandis  in 
eorum  memento  infra  canonem  missarum  huiusmodi  specialem 
memoriam  pro  salubri  statu  dicti  domini  nostri  Regis  Ricardi  et 
Anne  consortis  sue  Anglie  regine  atque  nostro,  dum  fuerint  et 
fuerimus  in  hac  vita,  specialiter  inter  vivos  ;  necnon  inter  mortuos 
pro  animabus  Johannis  patris  et  Sibille  matris  nostrorum  et  om- 
nium defunctorum  predictorum  ac  aliorum  nostri  et  dicti  Collegii 
benefactorum  quorum  nomina  in  quadam  tabula  recitari  fecimus 
pleniiis  et  conscribi,  et  pro  anima  nostra  cum  ab  hac  luce, 
Domino  disponente,  subtracti  fuerimus,  imperpetuum  facere  volu- 
mus et  habere.  Hoc  insuper  statuendo  adjicimus  quod  dicti  custos 
et  socii  presbiteri  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  statim  cum  primo 
sciverint  mortem  nostram,  et  extunc  perpetuis  temporibus  annis 
singulis  die  obitus  nostri,  si  tunc  absque  impedimento  comode  fieri 
poterit,  alioquin  alio  proximo  die  sequente  quo  impedimentum 
huiusmodi  non  occurrit,  dicant  in  comuni  pro  anima  nostra  speci- 
aliter solempniter  et  cum  devocione  debita  in  dicta  capella  exe- 
quias  mortuorum,  et  in  crastino  comendacionem  animarum,  ac 
postea  faciant  in  eadem  capella  missam  de  Requiem  pro  mortuis, 
cum  oracionibus  collectis  subscriptis,  videlicet,  Deus,  qui  inter 
apostolicos  sacerdotes  J  Deus,  cui  soli  competit  medicinam  pre- 
stare  post  mortem,  tribue  quesumus  ut  anime  famulorum  tuonan 
ab  omnibus  exute  peccatis ;  Miserere,  quesumus,  animabus  omnium 
benefactorum  nostrorum  defunctorum;  Inclina,  Domine,  aurem 
iuant  J  Fidelium  Deus,  omnium  conditor  et  redemptor ;  solemp- 
niter et  cum  devocione  debita  celebrari  ;  quam  celebret  custos 
vel  antiquior  seu  dignior  socius  presbiter  Collegii  predicti,  quibus 


5o6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

exequiis  atque  misse  dicti  custos  omnesque  et  singuli  scolares  ac 
socii  presbiteri  magister  informator  scolarium  et  hostiarius  in  dicto 
Collegio  presentes  in  virtute  juramenti  ipsorum  personaliter  inter- 
esse  debeant  et  eciam  teneantur.  Quod  eciam  quater  in  anno 
pro  anima  nostra  et  animabus  aliorum  predictorum  ultra  diem 
anniversarii  obitus  mei  predicti,  videlicet  in  fine  cuiuslibet  quar- 
terii  anni  perpetuis  futuris  temporibus,  aliquo  die  quo  conveniencius 
id  fieri  poterit,  in  capella  ipsius  Collegii  volumus  observari.  Ac 
percipient  in  comuni  nomine  pitancie  singulis  diebus  obituum 
huiusmodi  sex  solidos  octo  denarios  imperpetuum  ut  diebus  huius- 
modi  lautius  epulentur.  Et  ut  dictorum  dominorum  regum  regi- 
narum  principis  ac  patris  ac  matris  nostrorum,  necnon  benefac- 
torum  predictorum  et  nostri,  inter  eosdem  custodem,  socios  pres- 
biteros  conducticios,  magistrum  informatorem  scolarium,  hostiarium, 
et  clericos  capelle  in  exequiis  et  missis  predictis  specialius  et  de- 
vocius  memoria  habeatur  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  quod 
cuilibet  ex  ipsis  presbitero  in  premissis  mortuorum  officiis  quin- 
quies  in  anno,  ut  premittitur,  celebrandis  personaliter  existenti  et 
pro  animabus  omnium  predictorum  missam  in  crastino  celebranti, 
pro  qualibet  vice  duodecim  denarii  sterlingorum,  cuilibet  vero  ex 
ipsis  non  presbitero  sic,  ut  prefertur,  presenti  ac  psalterium  in- 
tegrum pro  animabus  predictis  dicenti  eciam  duodecim  denarii 
sterlingorum,  clericis  capelle  dumtaxat  exceptis,  quorum  cuilibet 
sex  denarii  de  bonis  comunibus  ipsius  Collegii  nostri  per  manus 
bursariorum  eiusdem  Collegii  annis  singulis  persolvantur  et  per- 
petuis futuris  temporibus  fideliter  distribuantur  eisdem.  Et  ex  tunc 
quilibet  socius  presbiter  dicti  Collegii  qui  pro  tempore  ftierit 
omnibus  diebus  obitus  nostri  predicti  necnon  die  aliquo  cuiuslibet 
septimane  in  quo  comodiiis  poterit  singulis  annis  imperpetuum 
dicat  singulariter  vel  in  comuni  pro  animabus  omnibus  predictis 
necnon  et  predecessorum  et  successorum  nostrorum  episcoporum 
Wyntoniensium  officium  mortuorum,  cum  comendacione  more  eccle- 
siastico  consueto ;  quod  eciam  a  tempore  publicacionis  officium 
presencium  statutorum  nostrorum,  eciam  dum  superstites  ftierimus 
in  hac  vita,  semel  ebdomadis  singulis,  ut  premissum  est,  per 
ipsos  presbiteros  omnes  et  singulos  dici  volumus,  statuimus,  et 
precipimus  indistincte.  Ordinantes  preterea  quod  in  divinis  officiis 
supradictis  prefatus  custos,  dum  presens  fiierit  in  capella,  utatur 
amicia  de  griseo  secundum  quod  canonici  cathedralium  ecclesiarum 
utuntur ;  quod  eciam  ipsum  volumus  observare  in  presencia  episco- 
porum et  alibi,  ubicunque  existat  locis  et  temporibus  oportunis. 


Appendix  XL  507 

XXX.  De  silencio  tenendo  in  capellA  ne  impediantur  psallentes 

ET   LEGENDES   IN   eAdEM. 

Item  cum  domum  Dei  deceat  sanctitudo,  deceatque  ut  cuius  in 
pace  factus  est  locus  sit  in  veneracione  debita  pacificus  eius  cultus, 
statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  scolarium  presbiterorum  et 
clericorum  omnium  predictorum  in  predictam  capellam  sit  humilis, 
modestus,  et  devotus  ingressus  pariter  et  egressus,  sitque  in  ipsa 
capella  ipsorum  conversacio  Deo  grata ;  Inhibentes  expresse  ipsis 
omnibus  et  singulis  sub  poena  infrascripta  ne  ipsi  aut  quivis  ipso- 
rum matutinas  aut  horas  aliquas  per  se,  vel  cum  sociis  pluribus, 
aut  uno  in  choro  ipsius  capelle,  dum  psallantur  in  eodem,  divina 
officia  supradicta  dicant  voce  submissa  vel  alias  in  privat6  ;  nee  mur- 
muraciones,  garrulaciones,  derisiones,  risus,  confabulaciones,  aut 
strepitus  indiscretos  faciant  quovismodo,  ne  per  inordinatos  tumultus 
variosque  vocum  sonitus  aliave  mutua  colloquia  eorundem  devocio 
aut  exercitium  psallencium  aliorum  in  choro  quomodolibet  valeat 
impediri.  Nee  alique  alia  inibi  pertractentur,  quam  ea  que  ad  di- 
vini  nominis  cultum  spectant,  dum  in  ipsa  capella  divine  laudes 
debeant  pertractari.  Culpabilis  vero  in  hac  parte  juxta  custodis, 
aut  in  eius  absencia,  vicecustodis  arbitrium  pro  modo  et  qualitate 
delicti  celeriter  puniatur. 

XXXI.  Quod  custos  habeat  requirere  consensum  sociorum  in 

maioribus  negociis. 
Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  in  maioribus  Collegii 
nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  negociis  disponendis,  videlicet  in  tradicioni- 
bus  firmarum  et  beneficiorum  ecclesiasticorum  et  maneriorum,  pre- 
sentacionibusque  ad  beneficia,  quorum  advocaciones  vel  jus  patrona- 
tus  ipsi  obtinent,  imposterumve  obtinebunt,  causis,  controversiis, 
placitiscpie  seu  litibus  ipsum  Collegium  concernentibus  aggrediendis 
seu  intrandis,  aut  aliis  consimilibus,  omnes  et  singuli  socii  presbyteri 
dicti  Collegii  tempore  quo  huiusmodi  negocia  pro  utilitate  Collegii 
imminent  disponenda  in  dicto  CoUegio  presentes  ad  vocacionem  et 
premunicionem  dicti  custodis  in  capellam  vel  alium  locum  infra 
dictum  Collegium  competentem  insimul  convocentur  ad  comuniter 
tractandum  et  deliberandum  super  huiusmodi  negociis  imminen- 
tibus,  et  quod  in  et  super  premissis  comuniter  vel  per  maiorem 
partem  ipsorum  deliberatum  fuerit  et  consensum  roboris  habeat 
firmitatem.  Ordinacio  autem  sive  disposicio  in  et  super  premissis 
aliis  modo  habita  sive  facta  pro  nullo  penitiis  habeantur. 

XXXII.  Quod  maneria,  possessiones,  advocaciones  et  patronatus 

ecclesiarum  non  alienentur. 
Item    statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod   maneria,  advoca- 
ciones et  patronatus  ecclesiarum,  terre,  tenenienta,  redditus,  servicia, 


5o8  Aimals  of  Winchester  College. 

nativi  aut  liberi  tenentes,  solum  vel  area  bosci  seu  terra  in  qua 
boscus  crescit,  prata,  pascua,  comune  vel  pasture,  seu  alia  bona 
immobilia  quecunque  dicti  CoUegii,  sive  sint  spiritualia  seu  tempo- 
ralia,  aut  eciam  jura  eiusdem  quecunque,  nullo  modo  nee  ullo  unquam 
tempore  in  feodum  vel  ad  terminum  vite  alienentur  seu  vendantur ; 
nee  advocaciones  seu  patronatus  ecclesiarum,  vicariarum  seu  capel- 
larum  vel  cantariarum  in  feodum  ad  terminum  vite  vel  annorum 
seu  alio  modo  pro  aliquo  tempore  quantumcunque  modico  conce- 
dantur,  nee  maneria  ultra  viginti  annos,  vel  ecclesie  appropriate 
ultra  terminum  decem  annorum  ad  firmam,  nee  aliquo  modo  alicui 
concedantur  seu  eciam  dimittantur.  Permittimus  tamen  quod  terre, 
tenementa,  messuagia,  et  tenure  quecunque  cum  eorum  pertinenciis 
que  solebant  teneri  a  tenentibus  tam  in  civitatibus  et  vilUs  quam  in 
maneriis  suis  vel  ecclesiis  eis  appropriatis  et  aliis  locis  quibuscun- 
que  ad  predictum  Collegium  qualitercunque  spectancia  sive  per- 
tinencia,  et  que  ad  manus  predictorum  custodis,  sociorum  et  sco- 
larium  per  escaetam  aut  per  defectum  heredum  seu  tenendum  vel 
alio  quovis  modo  devenerint,  concedi  seu  tradi  poterunt  ad  firmam 
ad  terminum  annorum  per  rotulos  curiarum  juxta  consuetudinem 
maneriorum  antiquitiis  in  ea  parte  usitatam  vel  per  indenturas 
inter  ipsos  custodem  socios  presbiteros  et  scolares  ex  parte  una 
et  recipientem  seu  recipientes  eadem  ex  parte  altera,  sigillo  comuni 
dicti  Collegii  sigillatas  inde  conficiendas.  Ita  tamen  quod  ultra 
quinquaginta  vel  sexaginta  annos  concessio  seu  tradicio  huiusmodi 
non  excedat  quovis  modo,  et  quod  tenentes  huiusmodi  dicta  terras, 
tenementa,  messuagia  et  tenuras,  vel  aliquam  partem  seu  parcellam 
eorundem  non  alienent,  nee  terminum  in  eis  sic  concessum  aliis 
personis  quibuscunque  concedant  seu  qualitercunque  tradant,  sine 
licencia  speciali  et  consensu  custodis  et  sociorum  predictorum,  Sta- 
tuentes  preterea,  quod  custos  et  socii  presbiteri  dicti  nostri  Collegii 
pensiones  annuas  vel  cantarias  perpetuas  aut  corrodia  aliqua  nullo 
modo  concedant,  nee  ad  aliqua  alia  onera  spiritualia  vel  temporalia 
dictum  Collegium  imperpetuum,  vel  ultra  terminum  quadraginta 
annorum  obligent  quovismodo,  nisi  pro  huiusmodi  onere  suppor- 
tando,  ipsorumque  indempnitate  ac  interesse  in  ea  parte  duplum  in 
possessionibus  vel  redditibus  imperpetuum  habuerint  ad  comodum 
et  utilitatem  nostri  Collegii  supradicti. 

XXXIII.   De  sigillo  et  archa  comuni  et  inventario  annuatim 

CONFICIENDO. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  quod  custos  scolares  et 
presbiteri  socii  perpetui  dicti  Collegii  habeant  sigillum  comune  et 
archam  comunem,  in  qua  dictum  sigillum,  carte,  scripta,  munimenta, 
thesaurus,  calices,  cruces,  vestimenta  et  jocalia  preciosa  dicti  Col- 


Appendix  XI.  509 

legii  reponaiitur  et  debeant  custodiri;  que  quidem  archa  habeat 
tres  diversas  seruras  cum  tribus  diversis  clavibus  quarum  unam 
habeat  custos  continue  penes  se,  aliam  vicecustos,  et  terciam  unus 
de  decern  presbiteris  sociis  voluntate  omnium  aliorum  presbiterorum 
sociorum  assignandus;  quodque  nihil  cum  comuni  sigillo  huiusmodi 
sigiiletur,  nisi  in  presencia  custodis  et  omnium  presbiterorum  so- 
ciorum ac  de  consensu  et  voluntate  omnium  seu  maioris  partis 
eorundem.  Littere  quidem,  obligationes,  aut  scripta  quecunque, 
quocunque  nomine  censeantur,  prefato  sigillo  comuni  aliter  sigillata 
omni  careant  robore  firmitatis.  Et  nihilominus  omnes  et  singuli, 
qui  contra  formam  prescriptam  sigillum  comunem  predictum  alicui 
littere,  obligacioni,  indenture,  seu  scripto  aut  albe  carte  seu  per- 
gameno  non  scripto  vel  facto  cuicunque  apposuerint,  et  qui  ad  id 
faciendum  realiter  consenserint,  ipso  facto  ab  ipso  nostro  Collegio 
pro  perpetuo  expellantur,  necnon  ad  satisfaciendum  pro  dampnis  et 
injuriis  prefato  Collegio  occasione  huiusmodi  inferendis  arcius  obli- 
gentur,  et  ad  hoc  vigore  presentis  nostri  statuti  realiter  teneantur. 
Statuentes  preterea,  quod  custos  singulis  annis  faciat  fidele  inven- 
tarium  de  omnibus  bonis  mobilibus  dicti  Collegii,  et  illud  exhibeat 
et  ostendat  supervisoribus  ipsius  Collegii  tempore  supervisionis 
eiusdem,  super  quo  fieri  volumus  indenturas  quarum  una  porcio 
penes  supervisores  predictos  et  alia  penes  custodem  et  socios  dicti 
Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  remaneat,  per  quod  et  quas  singulis  annis 
poterit  apparere  de  excrescencia  vel  decrescencia  bonorum  huius- 
modi, ac  de  bona  yconomia  seu  industria,  necnon  de  bona  aut 
mala  administracione  custodis  predicti.  Ordinantes  insuper,  quod 
singulis  annis  oneribus  dicti  nostri  Collegii  prope  Wyntoniam  juxta 
ordinaciones  et  statuta  eiusdem  convenienter  supportatis  quod  re- 
siduum fuerit  de  fructibus,  redditibus,  et  proventibus  ipsius  Collegii 
ad  utilitatem  et  comodum  eiusdem  integraliter  conservetur,  ac  bone 
et  fideliter  in  dicta  archa  reponatur  et  custodiatur  securiiis  in  eadem. 

XXXIV.   De  disposicione  camerarum. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  omnes  et  singule 
camere  dicti  nostri  Collegii  et  loca  studiorum  in  eisdem  cameris 
per  custodem  et  vicecustodem  predictos  juxta  ordinacionem  et  dis- 
posicionem  ipsorum  assignentur,  salvis  nostris  ordinacione  et  mo- 
deracione  infrascriptis  ;  videlicet  quod  in  superioribus  cameris 
quadrati  dicti  Collegii  tres  socii  presbiteri  ad  minus  invicem  col- 
locentur,  quatenus  numerus  sociorum  presbiterorum  sufficit  et  se 
extendit.  In  inferioribus  autem  cameris  dicti  Collegii  sint  scolares 
collocati,  quorum  omnium  scolarium  dicti  Collegii  nostri  quilibet 
post  quartum  decimum  etatis  sue  annum  completum  suum  lectum 
habeat  separatim  ac  solus  sine  socio  jaceat  omnimodo.    Infra  vero 


5io  Annals  of  Winchester  College, 

illam  etatem  existentes  binos  adinvicem  jacere  permittimus,  ita 
tamen  quod  duorum  numerum  in  uno  lecto  non  excedant.  Quod- 
que  in  singulis  cameris  inferioribus  supradictis  sint  ad  minus  tres 
scolares  honesti  ac  ceteris  scolaribus  maturitate,  discrecione,  ac 
sciencia  provectiores,  qui  aliis  suis  consociis  concameralibus  stu- 
dentibus  superintendant  et  eosdem  diligenter  supervideant,  et  de  ip- 
sorum  moribus  et  conversacione  studiique  profectu  custodem,  vice- 
custodem,  et  magistrum  instructorem  de  tempore  in  tempus,  quociens 
causa  seu  opus  fuerit,  sub  ipsorum  debito  juramenti  CoUegio  pre- 
stiti  supradicto,  cum  requisiti  fuerint,  veraciter  certificent  et  infor- 
ment,  ut  huiusmodi  scolares  defectum  in  moribus  pacientes,  negli- 
gentes,  sue  in  suis  studiis  desides  castigacionem,  correccionem,  et 
punicionem  recipiant  juxta  eorum  demerita  debitas  ac  eciam  com- 
petentes.  Cameras  vero  super  interiorem  portam  borealem  dicti 
CoUegii  existentes  simul  cum  una  superiori  camera  eisdem  cameris 
ex  parte  orientali  contigua  cum  omnibus  aisiamentis  in  eisdem 
custodem  ipsius  CoUegii  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  imperpetuum  vo- 
lumus  occupare.  Presbiteros  vero  conducticios  cameram  cum 
camino  versus  occidentem  coquine  propinquiorem  pro  eorum  inhabi- 
tacione  volumus  occupare.  In  camera  vero  superiori  angulari  dicti 
CoUegii  ex  parte  boreali  versus  occidentem  magistrum  instructorem 
et  hostiarium,  necnon  unum  alium  dicti  CoUegii  presbiterum  (si 
opus  fuerit)  volumus  coUocari,  Volentes  insuper  quod  in  magna 
domo  subtus  aulam  dicti  nostri  CoUegii  sint  scole  pro  scolaribus 
supradictis  et  perpetuo  teneantur  in  eadem.  Inhibentes  preterea 
distinctius  et  expresse,  ne  quis  in  superioribus  cameris  antedictis 
mingendo,  caput  manus  vel  pedes  aut  quicquam  aliud  lavando,  vel 
alias  qualitercunque  aque,  vini,  vel  cervisie  aut  alterius  liquoris 
cuiuscunque  effusionem  faciat  quovismodo,  per  quam  scolares  in 
inferioribus  cameris  existentes  in  personis,  bonis,  vel  rebus  gra- 
ventur  vel  aliquaUter  molestentur. 

XXXV.   De  sustentacione  et  reparacione  capelle  aule  et 

ALIORUM   EDIFICIORUM   EIUSDEM   COLLEGII. 

Item,  quia  secundum  auctores  facilius  est  destruere  quam  con- 
struere,  pluries  accidit  ut  edificia  que  fundator  ad  honorem  Dei  curiose 
et  firmiter  edificavit  successores  per  desidiam  et  negligenciam  col- 
labi,  mere,  et  deficere  negligenter  permittant,  hinc  est  quod  sub 
obtestacione  divini  judicii  specialiter  injungimus,  monemus,  ac  in- 
super  statuimus  ut  capella  nostri  CoUegii  et  aula  singulaque  alia 
edificia  eiusdem  Dei  adjutorio  laboriose  nostris  sumptibus  edificata 
in  muris,  cooperturis,  et  qualibet  sui  parte  perpetuis  futuris  tempori- 
bus  debite  sufficienter  et  congrue  in  omnibus  sustententur.  Et  si 
contingat  per   gregum   mortalitatem,   caristiam   frugum,  ballivorum 


Appendix  XL  511 

et  prepositorum  incuriam,  incendium,  vel  alios  casus  fortuitos  (quod 
absit)  bona  Collegii  mobilia  in  tantum  minorari  quod  non  sufficiant 
ultra  staurum  maneriorum,  sustentacionem  sociorum  et  scolarium, 
et  alia  necessaria,  ad  defectus  capelle  et  aula  et  aliarum  domorum 
ipsius  nostri  Collegii,  si  qui  fuerint,  congrue  reparandos,  statuimus, 
ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  singulis  ebdomadis  de  singulorum 
sociorum  presbiterorum  comunis  duo  denarii  subtrahantur  et  ad 
restauracionem  et  reparacionem  predictorum  reserventur  et  eciam 
convertentur,  donee  huiusmodi  defectus  capelle,  aule,  et  alii  qui- 
cunque  plenarie  sint  sufficienter  reparati  in  omnibus  et  perfecti. 
Et  ad  istud  statutum  fideliter  promovendum,  diligenter  prosequen- 
dum et  eflfectualiter  observandum,  custodem  dicti  Collegii  nostri 
qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  vicecustodem,  et  singulos  socios  presbiteros 
eiusdem  in  virtute  juramenti  in  eorum  admissione  ad  Collegium 
prestiti  specialiter  volumus  obligari.  Preterea  ordinamus  et  volu- 
mus, quod  cum  nove  edificationes  vel  alique  reparaciones  domorum 
immineant  faciende,  ille  incipiantur  circa  principium  mensis  marcii 
et  terminentur  ante  festum  Sanctorum  Simonis  et  Jude  tunc 
proxime  secuturum ;  alioquin  adveniente  dicto  festo  ab  operibus 
huiusmodi  cessent  omnimodo  usque  ad  principium  mensis  marcii 
proxime  tunc  sequentis,  minutis  edificacionibus  et  reparacionibus 
que  comode  difFerri  non  poterunt  duntaxat  exceptis. 

XXXVI.   De  compoto  ministrorum. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos  predictus  ac 
vicecustos  bursarii  et  sacrista  et  tres  socii  seniores  omnium  et 
singulorum  officiariorum  et  ministrorum  intrinsecorum,  necnon 
yconomorum,  ballivorum,  procuratorum,  firmariorum,  et  preposi- 
torum, et  aliorum  ministrorum  extrinsecorum  racione  alicuius  officii 
computabilis  ipsi  Collegio  obligatorum  ad  dictum  Collegium  acce- 
dencium  ex  ordinacione  et  prefixione  custodis  seu  vicecustodis  et 
socii  infrascripti  raciocinia  et  compotum  in  ipso  Collegio  prope 
Wyntoniam  in  altera  camerarum  ad  finem  aule  situatarum  singulis 
annis  audiant,  et  diligenter  examinent,  et  ea  fideliter  terminent. 
Aliorum  vero  yconomorum,  ballivorum,  procuratorum,  firmariorum 
et  prepositorum  dicti  Collegii  compotos  et  raciocinia  in  ecclesiis  vel 
maneriis  Collegii  nostri  predicti  fieri  permittimus  et  audiri  juxta 
discrecionem  custodis  et  vicecustodis  nostri  Collegii  supradictL  Sta- 
tuimus et  eciam  ordinamus  et  volumus  quod  singulis  annis  statim 
post  autumpnum  sine  aliqua  dilacione  vel  excusacione,  videlicet  ad 
ultimum  ante  principium  mensis  Octobris,  fiat  circuitus  et  pro- 
gressus  per  ipsum  custodem  et  aliquem  sociorum^  discretum, 
aptum,  et  ad  hoc  per  socios  presbiteros  eligendum  et  deputandum, 

*  The  '  outrider,'  as  he  was  afterwards  called. 


512  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

seu  ipso  custode  per  gravem  infirmitatem  seu  alias  legitime  im- 
pedito  per  vicecustodem  et  eundem  socium ;  quo  eciam  vicecustode 
legitime  impedito,  per  alium  socium  ipsius  Collegii  presbiterum 
discreciorem,  per  omnes  socios  presbiteros  ipsius  Collegii  seu 
maiorem  partem  eorundem  eligendum,  una  cum  socio  presbitero 
alio  supradicto  et  clerico  compoti  dicti  Collegii  ad  omnia  maneria 
et  beneficia  aut  boscos  quoscunque  ad  dictum  Collegium  spectancia 
ad  supervidendum  statum  maneriorum,  beneficiorum,  et  boscorum, 
staurumque  vivum  et  mortuum,  videlicet  equos,  affros  i,  boves, 
vaccas  et  earum  vitulos,  oves,  bidentes,  et  omnia  alia  animalia  et 
pecora  cuiuscunque  generis,  et  ad  estimandum  et  estimari  faciendum 
blada  ingrangiata  ^ ;  et  quod  idem  custos  seu  vicecustos,  vel  socius 
predictus,  in  dicto  circuitu  premuniat  seu  premuniri  faciat  omnes  et 
singulos  ballivos,  prepositos,  firmarios,  et  alios  ministros  quoscun- 
que quod  sint  parati  ad  certum  diem  infra  mensem  Septembris 
seu  mensem  Octobris  predictos,  quamcitius  fieri  poterit,  per  ipsum 
custodem  seu  vicecustodem,  vel  socium  eis  limitandum,  pro  com- 
potis  suis  in  Collegio  predicto  prope  Wyntoniam  vel  in  ecclesiis  aut 
maneriis  suis  tunc  reddendis.  Volumus  eciam,  quod  post  circuitum 
huiusmodi  completum  quamcitius  fieri  poterit,  et  absque  aliqua  dila- 
cione  et  excusacione,incipiatur  compotorum  audicio,  et  absque  aliquali 
dilacione,  et  sine  interrupcione  negligencia  et  mora  debite  infra 
eundem  mensem  compleatur,  ne  per  hoc  Collegium  maioribus  ex- 
pensis  oneretur  vel  pregravetur.  Et  quod  quater  in  anno,  videlicet 
in  fine  cuiuslibet  quarterii  anni,  compotus  expensarum  hospicii  Col- 
legii predicti  intrinsecarum  per  custodem,  vicecustodem,  sacristam 
et  tres  socios  seniores  supradictos  audiatur,  ita  quod  in  fine  cuius- 
libet anni  post  compotum  omnium  ministrorum  et  officiariorum 
plene  redditum  finalis  compotus  omnium  comunarum,  expensarum 
dicti  Collegii,  et  aliarum  quarumcunque  intrinsecarum  finaliter  et 
complete  audiri  et  perfici  poterit  et  ingrossari.  Item  statuimus  et 
ordinamus,  quod  eciam  singulis  annis  statim  post  pascham  quam- 
citius fieri  poterit  sine  aliquali  dilacione  fiat  visus  compoti  de  statu 
omnium  maneriorum  et  ecclesiarum  appropriatarum,  necnon  de 
omnibus  receptis,  firmis,  et  debitis  cuiuscunque  manerii  sive  beneficii 
et  firmarum  ac  aliorum  exituum  et  proventuum  quorumcunque  dicto 
Collegio  spectancium.  Videatur  eciam  exitus  grangiarum  et  rema- 
nencia  bladorum  in  grangiis  tunc  de  novo  estimetur.  Fiat  insuper 
visus  de  statu,  numero,  mutacione,  et  ordinacione  cuiuslibet  stauri 
vivi  et  mortui,  videlicet  de  equis,  affris,  et  ceteris  animalibus  et  re- 
bus, ut  supra  in  circuitu  custodis  ante  principium  mensis  Octobris 
est  expressum,  ut  de  expensis  reparacionis  domorum,  custodia  bos- 

^  Horses  for  ploughing. 

*  Some  of  these  inventories  are  printed,  page  88. 


Appendix  XL  513 

corum,  clausuris,  et  aliis  necessariis  in  dictis  maneriis  factis  et 
faciendis  liquerc  poterit  evidenter.  Qui  quidem  visus  compoti  infra 
triginta  dies  a  die  incepcionis  eiusdem  continue  numerandos  com- 
pleatur.  Et  quod  omnes  rotuli  compotorum  visQs  et  aliorum  me- 
morandorum  in  thesauraria  ponantur  et  securius  custodiantur,  ut  inde 
sufficientes  evidencie  tarn  pro  defensione  ecclesiarum  suarum  et 
jurium  maneriorum  suorum,  quam  de  valore  annuo  eorundem  de 
tempore  in  tempus  haberi  poterunt  in  futurum. 

XXXVII.     QUOMODO     AUDITORES    COMPOTI    HABENT    ALIIS    SOCIIS 
STATUM   CoLLEGII    POST   COMPOTUM   INTIMARE. 

Subsequenter  auditis  examinatis  et  discussis  raciociniis  et  com- 
potis  omnium  et  singulorum  ministrorum  predictorum  teneantur 
custos,  vicecustos,  et  bursarii  ac  coauditores  eorum  predicti  omnia 
in  predictis  compotis  comperta  et  inventa,  necnon  et  totum  statum 
ac  verum  valorem  annuum  omnium  et  singulorum  maneriorum,  ter- 
rarum,  reddituum,  ecclesiarum,  possessionum,  et  aliarum  rerum  ac 
bonorum  quorumcunque  ad  dictum  Collegium  spectancium,  vel  quo- 
vis  alio  modo  ad  idem  Collegium  qualitercunque  proveniencium 
singulis  annis  summari^,  fideliter,  distincte  et  expresse  omnibus 
sociis  presbiteris  de  Collegio  in  scriptis  aperte  et  fideliter  intimare 
sub  debito  ipsorum  juramenti.  Postque  ipso  die  vel  die  proximo  tunc 
sequenti  singulis  annis  prefati  custos  et  bursarii  coram  eisdem  audi- 
toribus  ad  hoc  specialiter  convocandis  de  omnibus  receptis  et  libe- 
ratis  quanimcunque  pecuniarum  et  bonorum  dictum  Collegium 
qualitercunque  concernencium  que  ad  ipsorum  manus  quomodolibet 
devenerint  sub  juramento  ipsorum  ipsi  Collegio  in  ipsorum  admis- 
sione  prestito  fidelia  raciocinia  quantum  negocium  huiusmodi  quem- 
libet  ipsorum  concernit  reddere,  ac  recepta  et  recipienda  pro  anno, 
pro  quo  tunc  computatur,  ibidem  fideliter  et  plene  detegere  debeant 
ac  eciam  teneantur,  ut  status  ipsius  CoUegii  sociis  ipsis,  quorum 
interesse  vertitur  in  hac  parte,  plenius  innotescat. 

XXXVIII.  QuoMODo  Bursarii,  redditis  ipsorum  compotis,  claves 

OFFICIORUM    SUORUM    CUSTODI    LIBERARE    ET    TRADERE 

teneantur. 

Et  quoniam  in  tanto  ministerio  dictis  bursariis  commisso  eorum 
fidelitas,  sollicitudo,  et  industria  summe  sunt  necessarie,  volumus  quod 
reddito  compoto  eorundem  statim  sine  mora  aliqua  retradant  et  reddant 
claves  cistarum  predictarum  et  aliarum  custodiarum  quarumcunque 
commissarum  eisdem  custodi  nostri  Collegii  predicti  in  signum  re- 
signacionis  et  dimissionis  officiorum  suorum  ;  ceterique  socii  officiarii 
intrinseci  omnes  et  singuli  preter  custodem  suis  officiis  cedere  de- 
beant et  eciam  teneantur.  Quo  facto  ad  vicecustodis  singulorumque 
officiariorum    huiusmodi    futurorum  eleccionem    statim    procedatur, 

l1 


oH  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

sicut  et  prout  superius  in  aliis  capitulis  ipsorum  eleccionum  formam 
continentibus  plenius  est  expressum ;  quod  officium,  vel  que  officia, 
nulli  presbitero  socio  ad  hoc  deputato  liceat  refutare.  Statuentes 
preterea  quod  nulli  sociorum  dictorum  duo  officia  de  officiis  supra- 
dictis  simul  et  semel  quomodolibet  committatur. 

XXXIX.    De  Indenturis  compotorum  in  compoto  fiendis  in  cus- 

TODIA   VICECUSTODIS   ET   BURSARIORUM    REMANERE   DEBENTIBUS. 

In  his  autem  raciociniis  complete  audiendis  ac  eciam  decidendis 
tanta  habeatur  diligencia  ut  post  complecionem  totalis  compoti  vel 
in  ipsorum  compotorum  diebus  fiant  due  indenture  summarie  de 
statu  ipsius  Collegii  et  de  toto  residue  remanente,  quarum  una 
penes  vicecustodem,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit,  remaneat,  alia  vero  in 
dicta  archa  communi  dicti  Collegii  reponatur,  copiasque  omnium 
compotorum  ballivorum  et  ministrorum  predictorum  singulis  annis 
retineant  penes  se  dicti  bursarii,  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint,  illasque 
necnon  et  omnia  memoranda  ac  eciam  transcripta  omnium  placi- 
torum,  munimentorum  et  memorandorum  ipsum  Collegium,  statum 
aut  jura  eiusdem  qualitercunque  concernencium  in  cistis  eorum  co- 
munibus  supradictis  salvo  reponere  et  fideliter  custodire  pro  diversis 
vitandis  periculis  imperpetuum  teneantur.  Scolarem  vero  unum  de 
Collegio  nostro  predicto  in  litteratura  et  scriptura  competenter  in- 
formatum  per  custodem  vel  vicecustodem  et  magistrum  instructorem 
per  septimanam,  quindenam,  aut  mensem  deputandum  ad  scriben- 
dum  expensas  transcribendum  et  copiandum  munimenta  et  memo- 
randa Collegii  nostri  predicti  prefatis  bursariis  et  dispensatori 
assistere  volumus  et  parere. 

XL.   De  scrutiniis  seu  capitulis  ter  in  anno  in  Collegio 

CELEBRANDIS,    ET   LECTURA   STATUTORUM. 

Preterea  ut  singuli  actus  singulaque  negocia  tam  circa  spiritualia 
quam  temporalia  Collegium  nostrum  prope  Wyntoniam  et  personas 
eiusdem  concernentes  et  concernencia  proinde  magis  fiant  securius- 
que  precedant,  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus  ut  ad  mandatum 
custodis  qui  pro  tempore  fuerit  futuris  temporibus  ter  ad  minus  in 
anno  omnes  et  singuli  socii  presbiteri  in  capella  ipsius  Collegii  in- 
simul  convocentur  et  conveniant ;  semel  videlicet  per  octo  dies  vel 
circiter  ante  festum  nativitatis  Domini,  iterumque  per  octo  dies  vel 
circiter  ante  pascha,  tercio  infra  octo  dies  post  nonas  Julii,  quibus 
custode  et  sociis  insimul  congregatis  primo  et  ante  omnia  missam 
de  Sancta  Trinitate,  in  qua  dicantur  quinque  oraciones  subscripte : 
prima  de  Trinitate  ;  secunda  de  Sancta  Maria ;  tercia  pro  salubri 
statu  nostro  dum  superstites  fuerimus,  '  Rege,  Ouesumus '  cum  illis 
verbis  '  Pontificem  fundatorein  nostrum,^  et  cum  ab  hac  luce  mi- 
graverimus  loco  oracionis  '  Rege,  Ouesumus '  dicatur  oracio  '  Deus,  qui 


Appendix  XL  515 

inter  apostolicos  sacerdotes  famuhtm  tuum  fundatorem  nostrum  pontifi- 
call ' ;  quarta  pro  animabus  regum  et  reginarum  et  dicti  Collegii  bene- 
factorum    defunctorum    *  Inciina,   domine,  aurem    tuam ' ;    et    quinta 
'  Ftdelium  Deus,  omnium   conditor^  pro   animabus  patris   et   matris 
nostrorum  ac  omnium  fidelium  defunctorum  faciant  inter  se  sollemp- 
niter  celebrari.    Deinde  ordinaciones  nostras  et  statuta  faciant  inter 
se  public^  et  distincte  legi  ac  eciam  recitari ;  sic,  quod  ordinaciones 
et  statuta  nostra  omnia  et  singula  in  dictis  tribus  scrutiniis  plenarie 
perlegantur,  quodque  nullus  dicti  Collegii  socius  presbiter  a  lectura 
et    recitacione    huiusmodi,   impedimento    cessante  legitimo,   se  ab- 
sentet,  sub  poena  amissionis  comunarum  per  mensem  et  robe   sue 
per  unum   annum   proxime   tunc  futurum,  ne   quis   statutorum  ip- 
sorum    valeat    ignoranciam    pretendere    vel    causari.      Deinde    fiat 
scrutinium  et   examinacio   per   custodem    et  vicecustodem,   vel    in 
unius   ipsorum   absencia    seu    racionabiliter   impediti,    per   alterum 
eorundem  meliori  modo  et  forma,  quibus  custodi  et  vicecustodi  me- 
lius videbitur  faciendum.    In  quo  scrutinio  de  singulorum  scolarium 
et  sociorum   presbiterorum  vita   et  conversacione,  moribus,  condi- 
cionibus,  profectuque  studii  scolastici ;    observacioneque  statutorum 
et  ordinacionum  nostrorum,  necnon  de  omnibus  que  in  ipso  Col- 
legii vel  personis  eiusdem  correccione  aut  reformacione  indigent, 
cautius  et  diligencius  inquiratur,  atque  ibidem,  secundum  quod  per 
inquisicionem    repertum   fuerit,    corrigenda  corrigentur,  necnon    et 
excessus  delinquencium  pro  modo  et  qualitate  delicti  secundum  sta- 
tuta et  ordinaciones  nostra  predicta,  nisi  priias  hoc  expletum  fuerit, 
animadversione  condigna  plectentur.    In  his  insuper  scrutiniis  dili- 
gens  habeatur  tractatus   communis  de   et  super  ordinandis  et  re- 
formandis  omnibus  et  singulis  que    circa  spiritualia  et  temporalia 
Collegii    nostri    expedienda    tam    infra  quam    extra  occurrent    seu 
utilia  videbuntur.    Et  si  ad  perficienda  premissa  trium  scrutiniorum 
huiusmodi  non  sufficiant  primi  dies    ipsa   continuari   et  prorogari 
volumus  ad  dies  ulteriores  proximfe  tunc  sequentes  vel  alios  com- 
petentes,  prout  rerum  et  negociorum  necessitas  ac  Collegii  utilitas 
id  exposcent.      Ita  quod  omnia  ordinaciones  et  statuta  nostra  pre- 
dicta  in   dictis    tribus    scrutiniis   complete  legantur  et  ab  omnibus 
sociis   supradictis   plenarie   audiantur  sine   excusacione  quacunque. 
Item    statuimus,  ordinamus,  et    volumus,  quod   correcciones,  puni- 
ciones,  et  reformaciones  quecunque  omnium  et  singulorum  crimi- 
num,  excessuum,  transgressionum,  defectuum,  et  eciam    delictorum 
per  quoscunque  scolares,  aut  socios  presbiteros  dicti  Collegii  com- 
missorum  quamcitius    fieri  poterit    infra  tres  dies  continuos  post- 
quam  ipsa  comperta  fuerint  vel  delata  seu  alias  de  ipsis  legitime 
constiterit  juxta  omnem  vim,  formam,   et  eflfectum   statutorum  et 
ordinacionum  ipsius  nostri  Collegii  absque  dilacione  ulteriori  fiant 
debite,  sicut  decet,  nisi  forsan  propter  custodis  vel  persone  delin- 

Ll2 


51 6  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

quentis  aut  alterius  cuiuscunque  ad  huiusmodi  correccionem  et  pu- 
nicionem  juxta  ordinaciones  et  statuta  nostra  predicta  requisiti 
absenciam,  vel  propter  aliam  causam  urgentem  utilem  vel  neces- 
sariam  correcciones,  puniciones,  et  reformaciones  huiusmodi  fuerint 
merito  differende  seu  eciam  prorogande,  vel  dilaciones  expetant 
longiores,  et  tunc  quamcitiiis  fieri  poterit  absque  dilacione  quacunque. 
Quodque  in  correccionibus  et  punicionibus  huiusmodi,  de  quibus  in 
nostris  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  fit  mencio  specialis,  coram  socio  vel 
scolari  puniendo,  antequam  puniatur,  legantm-  statuta  in  quibus  fit 
mencio  de  excessu,  crimine,  vel  delicto  de  quo  fiet  punicio  delinquentis. 
Si  vero  in  nostris  ordinacionibus  huiusmodi  et  statutis  de  excessu,  cri- 
mine, vel  delicto  aut  poena  delinquentis  specialiter  cautum  non  existat, 
tunc  correccionem  et  punicionem  huiusmodi  juxta  arbitrium  et  discre- 
cionem  custodis  seu  vicecustodis  et  duorum  sociorum  presbiterorum 
fieri  volumus,  statuimus  ac  eciam  ordinamus.  Statuentes  ulterius  ac 
eciam  ordinantes  quod  nullus  sociorum  presbiterorum  vel  scolarium 
predictorum  ahum  eiusdem  CoUegii  socium  presbiterum  vel  scolarem 
de  aliquo  crimine,  excessu,  vel  delicto  coram  custode  vel  vicecustode 
impetitum,  delatum,  vel  accusatum  tueatur,  defendat,  manuteneat, 
vel  eidem  assistat  consilio,  verbo,  vel  facto,  aut  pro  ipso  aliqualiter 
alleget,  quominus  ipsius  delinquentis  debita  correccio  seu  punicio 
fieri  valeat  juxta  exigenciam  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  nostrorum 
predictorum,  ne  ipsa  correccio  retardetur  vel  alias  quomodolibet 
differatur,  sub  pcEna  ammocionis  perpetue  a  nostro  Collegio  memo- 
rato ;  sed  solus  huiusmodi  delinquens  per  se  et  pro  se  respondeat, 
poenam  pro  meritis  recepturus.  Statuentes  preterea,  quod  nullus 
socius  presbiter  vel  scolaris  dicti  nostri  Collegii  super  criminibus, 
excessibus  vel  delictis  detectus  vel  delatus  copiam  compertorum  et 
delictorum  sibi  tradi,  edi,  dari,  aut  hberari,  aut  nomina  detegencium 
vel  denunciancium  sibi  exponi  petat,  neque  ipsa  comperta  et  detecta 
aut  nomina  tradantur  eidem,  sed  super  compertis  et  detectis  huius- 
modi personaliter  respondeat,  ac  correccionem  debitam  subeat  juxta 
nostrorum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  exigenciam  et  tenorem, 
cessantibus  quibuscunque  provocacionibus,  querelis,  et  aliis  juris  et 
facti  remediis,  per  quas  seu  que  ipsius  socii  presbiteri  vel  scolaris 
correccio  et  punicio  differri  valeant,  seu  alias  quomodolibet  im- 
pediri,  sub  poena  ammocionis  perpetue  a  nostro  Collegio  memorato. 
Statuentes  insuper  quod  quilibet  dicti  nostri  Collegii  socius  pres- 
biter omnia  nostra  ordinaciones  et  statuta  eiusdem  Collegii  ad 
minus  semel  singulis  annis  cum  bona  diligencia  ac  deliberacione 
matura  per  se  legat,  et  ad  intelligendum  eadem  animum  et  diligen- 
ciam  apponat,  ne  socii  dicti  nostri  Collegii  propter  ignoranciam  sta- 
tutorum huiusmodi  de  facili  perjurii  reatum  occurrant,  aut  igno- 
ranciam causari  valeant  in  eisdem.  De  qua  quidem  lectura  fiat 
specialis  inquisicio   a  quolibet  socio   presbitero  in  singulis  scrutiniis 


Appendix  XL  517 

supradictis,   et   super   hoc    interrogctur  quilibet  socius    sub    ipsius 
debito  prestiti  juramenti. 

XLI.     De    LIBRIS   COLLEGII   CONSERVANDIS   ET   NON   ALIENANDIS. 

Item  volumus,  ordinamus,  et  statuimus,  quod  singulis  annis  tem- 
poribus  supervisionis  Collegii  predicti  coram  supervisoribus  eiusdem 
Collegu  necnon  quolibet  anni  termino  semel  coram  custode  et  bur- 
sariis  dicti  Collegii  seu  vicecustode  et  bursariis  eisdem  ostendantur 
realiter,  visibiliter,  et  distincte,  omiies  libri  capelle  ac  omnes  alii 
libri  dicti  Collegii  quos  ex  nostra  liberalitate,  vel  aliorum  fidelium  pia 
largicione,  vel  legato,  seu  de  ipsorum  empcione  vel  provisione  alia 
habent,  et  eos  habere  contigerit  in  futurum,  ut  sic  apparere  poterit, 
si  aliquis  liber  dicti  Collegii  perditus  fuerit,  subtractus,  distractus,  dila- 
ceratus.vel  deturpatus.  Volumus  eciam  et  statuimus,  quod  nullus  liber 
dicti  Collegii  ullo  unquam  tempore  vendatur,  donetur,  permutetur, 
impignoretur,  vel  alio  quovis  alienetur  titulo  vel  colore  :  nee  alicui 
alteri  quam  de  Collegio  comodetur,  nee  alicui  de  CoUegio  vel  de 
extra  quaternatim  tradatur  pro  copia  extra  Collegium  describenda,  nee 
per  custodem  vel  aliquem  alium  ducatur  vel  portetur  extra  Col- 
legium supradictum  ;  quodque  nullus  liber  de  nocte  remaneat  extra 
Collegium  predictum,  nisi  aliquis  liber  ligandus  fuerit,  vel  necessarid 
emendandus ;  quo  casu,  quum  dictus  liber  ligatus  vel  emendatus 
fuerit,  ad  Collegium  predictum  illico  reportetur. 

XLI  I.   De  custodia  statutorum  Collegii  prope  Wynton. 
ET  Collegii  Oxonie. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  originalis  liber  in- 
teger ordinacionum  et  statutorum  nostrorum  Collegii  nostri  prope 
Wyntoniam,  necnon  liber  statutorum  Collegii  nostri  Oxonie,  sufficienter 
ligati  et  cooperti  decenter  cum  nostro  pontificaU  sigillo  eisdem  una 
cum  impressione  sigilli  nostri  privati  in  dorso  eorundem  appenso 
in  quadam  cista  in  una  camera  thesaurarie  ad  hoc  disposita  re- 
positi  sub  salva  et  secura  custodia  cum  aliis  reponendis  ibidem 
fideliter  conserventur.  Quarum  quidem  ordinacionum  et  statutorum 
omnium  predictorum  veram  copiam  in  vestibulo  capelle  dicti  Col- 
legii reponi  volumus  et  eciam  remanere,  ut  ad  ipsam  copiam  inspi- 
ciendam,  legendam,  et  inteUigendam  socii  presbiteri  et  scolares 
dicti  Collegii  pro  informacione  ipsorum,  necnon  ut  ipsi  ordinaciones 
et  statuta  predicta  melius  scire  et  observare  poterint,  ut  tenentur, 
sine  difficultate  quacunque,  quociens  opus  fuerit,  accessinn  habeant, 
sicut  decet.  Et  ad  amputandum  omnem  dissencionis  materiam  et 
ad  tollendum  occasiones  discordie  et  controversie  cuiuscunque,  ad 
removendum  scandala,  et  evitandum  pcricula  que  circa  verum  intel- 
lectum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  nostrorum  huiusmodi  exprimen- 
dum  ex   opinionibus  variis  hominum  minus  utiliter  et  nimis  forsan 


5i^  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

subtiliter  sentiencium,  verisimiliter  poterunt  evenire,  statuimus  et 
eciam  ordinamus  inhibendo  expresse  ne  custos  aut  quivis  alius 
dicti  nostri  Collegii,  cuiuscunque  status  gradus  aut  condicionis 
existat,  comuniter  vel  divisim  dicta  statuta  et  ordinaciones  vel  ali- 
quod  capitulum  eorundem  alicui  persone  extranee  ostendant,  seu  co- 
piam,  transumptum,  vel  transcripcionem  statutorum  et  ordinacionuin 
predictorum,  seu  alicuius  capituli  eorundem,  alicui  faciant,  seu  quo- 
modolibet  fieri  faciant  vel  procurent,  vel  quantum  in  eis  fuerit 
permittant  fieri  quovismodo,  nisi  propter  necessariam  defensionem 
ipsorum,  aut  ex  alia  causa  necessaria  vel  utili  per  maiorem  partem 
sociorum  presbyterorum  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wynton.  approbanda 
id  necessitate  cogente  vel  utilitate  poscente  fieri  licebit. 

XLIII.     De   SALTIBUS,   LUCTACIONIBUS,   et  ALUS   INORDINATIS   IN 

capellA  et  aula  fiendis. 

Item  quia  per  incautos  et  inordinatos  ludos  in  capella  claustro 
vel  aula  dicti  Collegii  nostri  prope  Wyntoniam  ex  insolencia  forsan 
aliquorum  in  eisdem  fiendos  dicte  capella  et  aula  in  muris,  stallis, 
picturis,  et  fenestris  vitreis,  et  alias  frequencius  damnificari  possent 
ac  eciam  deformari ;  nos  ipsorum  indempnitati  prospicere  cupientes 
jactus  lapidum  et  pilarum,  necnon  rerum  quarumlibet  aliarum, 
capella,  claustro,  stallis  et  aula  predictis,  saltus  insuper,  luctaciones, 
aliosque  incautos  et  inordinatos  ludos  quoscunque  in  capella,  clau- 
stro, et  aula  predictis  uUo  unquam  tempore  fieri  districtius  prohi- 
bemus,  per  que  vel  eorum  aliquod  sumptuosis  operibus  eorundem 
in  materia  vel  forma  dampnum  inferri  poterit  quomodolibet  vel 
jactura.  Item,  quia  subtus  aulam  predictam  que  in  modum  solarii ' 
desuper  terram  elevata  et  edificata  consistit  scole  grammaticales 
ordinantur,  in  quibus  scolares  dicti  nostri  Collegii  addiscere  et 
studere  debebunt,  qui  per  luctaciones,  coreas,  tripudia,  saltus,  cantus, 
clamores,  tumultus,  et  strepitus  inordinatos,.  aquarum,  cervisie,  et 
liquorum  aliorum  effusiones,  ludosque  tumultuosos  in  aula  ipsa 
forsan  fiendos  ab  ipsorum  studio  et  doctrina  de  facili  et  verisimiliter 
poterunt  impediri,  alias  in  libris  et  vestibus,  damna  gravia  susti- 
nere : — Nos  igitur  omnes  huiusmodi  luctaciones,  coreas,  tripudia, 
saltus,  cantus,  clamores,  tumultus  et  strepitus  inordinatos,  aquarum, 
cervisie,  et  aliorum  liquorum  effusiones,  ludos  quoque  tumultuosos 
et  alias  insolencias  quascunque  in  aula  predicta  ullo  unquam  tem- 
pore fieri  districtiiis  prohibemus,  per  que  vel  eorum  aliquod  prefati 
scolares  ab  ipsorum  studio  vel  doctrina  quomodolibet  poterunt  im- 
pediri, seu  alias  in  libris  vestibus  aliisve  rebus  suis  dampnum  susti- 
neant  vel  gravamen,  seu  per  que  aula  ipsa  in  ipsius  omatu  vel 
fabrica  deorsum  vel  superiiis,  infra  vel  extra,  in  aliqua  sui  parte 
deturpetur  lesionemve  seu  dampnum  aliquod  patiatur.  Et  si  quis 
'  A  solar,  seller,  or  upper  chamber. 


"  Appendix  XI.  519 

in  premissis,  vel  aliquo  premissorum,  culpabilis  inventus  fuerit,  pro 
dampno  per  ipsum  illato  satisfaciat  competenter.  Et  nihilominus  ut 
poena  unius  sit  metus  multorum  per  subtraccionem  comunarum 
suarum  vel  alias  juxta  discrecionem  et  ordinacionem  custodis,  vice- 
custodis,  bursariorum,  et  sacriste  dicti  Collegii  juxta  quantitatem 
excessQs  acriter  puniatur  sine  favore  quocunque. 

XLIV.  Quod  non  sit  accepcio  personarum  per  aliquem 

IN   COLLEGIO. 

Item  quia  in  lege  divina  noscitur  esse  scriptum  Ita  magnum 
jiidicabis,  ut  fiarvum,  nee  erit  apud  te  acceptio  personarum  statui- 
mus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  custos,  vicecustos,  bursarii,  et 
senescallus  aule  et  ceteri  dicti  nostri  Collegii  officiarii  et  ministri, 
scolaresque  et  socii  presbiteri  universi  cuiuscunque  gradQs,  status, 
vel  condicionis  existant,  absque  personarum,  generis,  aut  patrie 
accepcione  quacunque  se  invicem  diligant  mutua  et  debita  charitate, 
ac  tam  in  gubernacionis  et  regiminis  rectitudine  quam  victualium  at- 
que  bone  doctrine  mutueque  vicissitudinis  exhibicione  libera  ceteris- 
que  omnibus  pertinentibus  ad  eosdem  absque  parcialitate  quacumque  se 
indifferentes  exhibeant  et  ostendant,  ac  secundum  quod  decet  equaliter 
et  amicabiliter  in  omnibus  se  pertractent.  Inhibentes  insuper  custodi, 
vicecustodi,  bursariis,  senescallo,  et  ceteris  dicti  Collegii  superioribus 
quibuscunque  ac  scolaribus  et  sociis  presbiteris  eiusdem,  ne  quisquam 
ipsorum  personarum  quomodolibet  sit  acceptor,  neque  uni  plusquam 
alii  dicti  Collegii  in  his  que  ipsius  Collegii  ordinaciones  et  statuta 
ipsorumque  execucionem  concernunt  favens  aut  parcialis  existat,  seu 
partem  pro  aliquo  aliqualiter  se  faciat,  nee  contra  charitatis  et  fra- 
ternitatis  amorem  gravamina  vel  molestias  inferat  quovismodo.  Et 
nihilominus  eosdem  custodem,  vicecustodem,  bursarios,  senescallum, 
et  superiores  omnes  et  singuli  qui  pro  tempore  fuerint  in  virtute 
ac  sub  debito  juramenti  dicto  nostro  Collegio  prestiti  per  eosdem  ar- 
ciiis  oneramus,  ut  ipsi  et  eorum  quilibet,  quantum  in  eis  vel  eorum 
aliquo  fuerit,  correcciones,  puniciones,  et  retbrmaciones  debitas  veras, 
racionabiles,  atque  justas  de  quibuscunque  transgressionibus,  delictis, 
criminibus,  et  excessibus  scolarium  et  sociorum  dicti  Collegii  quorum- 
cunque  quociens  ubi  et  quando  ac  prout  opus  fuerit,  juxta  negocii 
qualitatem,  vim,  formam,  et  effectum  ordinacionum  et  statutorum 
nostrorum,  absque  parcialitate  quacunque,  postpositis  eciam  et  ces- 
santibus  omnimodis  parte,  precio,  amore,  odio,  invidia,  et  favore, 
necnon  affeccionibus  consanguinitatis  vel  affinitatis  et  prerogativis 
specialibus,  ex  quibuscunque  causis  pretensis  eciam  vel  conceptis, 
diligenter  et  indifferenter  faciant  et  exerceant,  ac  ea,  que  in  ea 
parte  pro  comodo,  utilitate,  tranquillitate,  fratema  pace,  mutua 
charitate,  et  honore  dicti  nostri  Collegii  fuerint  facienda,  fideliter  in 
omnibus  exequantur. 


520  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

XLV.   De  clausura  portarum  Collegii  ;   et  quod  singula  minist 
TERiA  ipsius  Collegii  fiant  per  masculos  ;    et  quod 

MULIERES   NON   INTRODUCANTUR    IN   COLLEGIUM. 

Item  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  porte  et  ostia  dicti 
Collegii  exteriora  singulis  diebus  ad  solis  occasum  vel  ad  minus 
ante  noctis  tenebras  claudantur  firmiter  et  serentur,  clausaque  et 
serata  permaneant,  nee  aperiantur  ante  solis  ortum  sequenti  die, 
nisi  ex  causa  racionabili  et  honesta  per  custodem  vel  vicecustodem 
approbanda  aliud  fuerit  faciendum ;  volentes  quod  claves  portarum 
et  ostiorum  ipsorum  in  custodis,  cum  presens  fuerit,  et  in  ipsius 
absencia  vicecustodis  custodia  singulis  noctibus,  nisi  causa  raciona- 
bilis  impediat,  remaneant  custodite.  Ordinantes  preterea,  quod  sin- 
gula ministeria  dicti  Collegii  et  personarum  eiusdem,  presertim 
infra  septa  ipsius  Collegii,  fiant  per  masculos,  et  nuUatenus  per 
mulieres,  nisi  forsan  in  defectu  lotoris  masculi  sit  mapparum  ac 
vestimentorum  aliorum  necessariorum  usualium  tarn  ipsius  Collegii 
quam  scolarium  eiusdem  lotrix  aliqua  ordinata,  que  per  manus 
alicuius  famuli  jurati,  Collegio  ad  hoc  deputati,  singula  ad  portam 
Collegii  exteriorem  recipiat  sic  lavanda;  quam  lotricem  talis  etatis 
talisque  condicionis  esse  volumus,  de  qua  sinistra  suspicio  minime 
habeatur,  quem  aut  quam  extra  Collegium  volumus  commorari,  In- 
hibentes  preterea,  ne  janitor,  pistor,  brasiator,  cocus,  dispensator, 
seu  alius  dicti  Collegii  ofificiarius  vel  minister  mulieres  aliquas  in 
dictum  Collegium  aut  ipsorum  officinas  introducat  seu  receptet  in 
eisdem,  nisi  ex  causi  racionabili  et  honesta  per  custodem,  vice- 
custodem, aut  bursarios  approbanda. 

Finis  et  conclusio  omnium  statutorum. 

Porro  nostris  temporibus  diligenter  inspeximus  antiquorum  Patrum 
tradiciones  et  Sanctorum  regulas  varias  approbatas,  necnon  tradi- 
cionum  et  regularum  ipsarum  multiplices  professores,  sed,  quod  dis- 
plicenter  referimus,  nullicubi  nunc  ut  olim  juxta  mentes  fundatorum 
regulas,  ordinaciones,  et  statuta  a  suis  professoribus  invenimus 
observata.  Unde  multipliciter  concutimur  et  turbamur,  videntes 
firmam  regularum,  ordinacionum,  et  statutorum  diversorum  com- 
paginem  nimio  errore  concussam,  ac  quomodo  clarum  diei  lumen 
irruens  dense  noctis  obscuritas  undique  obfuscavit ;  super  quo  mente 
perspicua  intime  advertentes,  quod  melius  nobis  foret  bona  nostra 
temporalia  propriis  manibus  pauperibus  erogare,  quam  usibus  im- 
prudentium  seculo  durante  eadem  appropriare  aut  quomodolibet 
stabilire,  percipientes  dilucide  animarum  pericula  maxima  ex  regule 
sive  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  huiusmodi  violacione  pluribus  im- 
minere.  In  his  tamen  sic  diutiiis  vacillantes,  sed  auxilium  divinum 
in  agendis  devotissime  invocantes,  ad  relevacionem  pauperum  sco- 


Appendix  XL  521 

larium  clericorum  in  scolis  degencium  oculos  nostre  mentis  interiores 
inflexibiliter  configimus,  sub  spe  firma  quod  viri  litterati  Deum  ha- 
bentes  pro  oculis  ac  Eius  voluntatem  in  regulis,  ordinacionibus,  et 
statutis  observandis  lucidius  pre  aliis  intuentes,  regulas,  ordinaciones 
et  statuta  nostra  strictius  observabunt,  quorum  subsidio  et  relevamini 
compassionis  humeros  supponentes  finaliter  determinavimus,  nosque 
parati  sumus  ad  hec  opem  et  operam  impendendam  juxta  posse. 
Ne  igitur  (quod  absit)  in  nostris  ordinacionibus  et  statutis,  sicut  in 
aliis  compluribus  jam  vidimus  accidere,  de  transactis  dolus  aut  fraus 
fiat  in  futuro,  ordinamus  et  statuimus  sub  poena  anathematis  et  indigna- 
cionis  omnipotentis  Dei,  ne  quis  sociorum  presbiterorum  aut  scolarium 
dicti  nostri  CoUegii,  cuiuscunque  gradQs,  statQs,  sciencie,  facultatis,  aut 
officii  exstiterit,  pro  sua  voluptate,  odio,  seu  alia  causa  vel  occasione  qua- 
cunque  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  nostrorum  quicquam  ad  sensum 
nostre  intencioni,  ut  premittitur,alienum,interpretacione  excitante  sinis- 
tra, aut  quocunque  verborum  suadente  colore,  arte  vel  ingenio,  occasione 
data,  procurata,  aut  eciam  exquisita,  affirmet,  construat,  vel  defendat, 
aut  quovis  alio  modo  per  se  vel  alium  quemcunque  aliter  quam 
nostre  intencionis  existit  construi,  interpretari,  seu  eciam  affirmari 
quacunque  ex  causa  procuret.  Si  quis  vero,  antiquo  suadente  ser- 
pente,  quicquam  contra  premissa  verbo  vel  facto  presumpserit 
attemptare,  a  dicto  Collegio,  si  super  hoc  per  testes  ydoneos  con- 
victus  fuerit,  tanquam  in  hac  parte  perjurus,  sine  spe  regressus 
penitus  excludatur,  pcenis  aliis  in  hoc  casu  superius  irrogatis  in  suo 
robore  nihilominus  permansuris.  Volumus  nihilominus,  quod  non 
obstantibus  huiusmodi  nostris  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  factis,  ut 
premittitur,  imposterumve  faciendis,  ac  aliis  non  obstantibus  quibus- 
cunque  nobis  pro  tempore  nostro  hbera  sit  facultas  presentibus  nos- 
tris ordinacionibus  et  statutis  addendi,  ipsas  eciam  et  ipsa  in  toto 
vel  in  parte  toUendi,  diminuendi,  mutandi,  declarandi,  interpretandi, 
corrigendi,  et  de  novo  alia  ordinandi,  ac  cum  et  super  eisdem  et 
contra  ea  dispensandi  toto  tempore  vite  nostre.  Tenore  eciam  pre- 
sencium  statuimus,  ordinamus,  et  volumus,  quod  nuUo  modo  nee  ullo 
tempore  Hceat  alicui  successori  nostro  Episcopo  Wyntoniensi  qui  pro 
tempore  fuerit,  postquam  cum  Deo  placuerit  subtracti  fuerimus  ab  hac 
luce,  nee  custodi  aut  sociis  Collegii  nostri  predicti  qui  eciam  sunt 
aut  erunt  collegialiter  communiter  vel  divisim,  nee  alteri  cuiuscun- 
que dignitatis,  statOs,  gradus,  aut  condicionis  existat,  aliqua  alia 
nova  statuta  seu  ordinaciones,  regulas,  constituciones,  interpreta- 
ciones,  immutaciones,  injuncciones,  declaraciones,  aut  exposiciones 
alias  presentibus  nostris  statutis  et  ordinacionibus  per  nos  jam 
editis,  imposterumve  condendis,  aut  sano  et  piano  intellectui  eorun- 
dem  repugnantes  vel  repugnancia,  derogantes  vel  derogancia,  dis- 
cordantes  vel  discordancia,  contrarias  vel  contraria,  diversas  vel 
diversa,  edere,  condere,  ordinare,  statuere,  vel  dictare,  nee  eis  vel 


5^2  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

alicui  ipsorum  liceat  premissa  vel  eorum  aliquod  quocunque  quesito 
colore  infringere,  seu  alicuius  statuti,  tenorem  aut  substanciam  de- 
mere  vel  mutare,  nee  circa  ea  quomodolibet  dispensare.  Nee 
volumus  quod  per  aliquam  assuetudinem  vel  abusum  aut  aliam 
occasionem  quamcunque  intencioni  aut  verbis  ipsorum  statutorum 
nostrorum  et  ordinacionum  in  aliquo  derogetur.  Nolentes  insuper 
aliquam  interpretacionem  fieri  de  eisdem,  aut  circa  ea,  nisi  juxta 
planum  sensum,  communem  intellectum,  et  exposicionem  gramati- 
calem  et  litteralem  magis  et  aptiiis  ad  casum  seu  pretensum  du- 
bium,  de  quo  queritur  et  agitur,  applaudentem.  Inhibemus  quoque 
statuentes  et  ordinantes  specialiter  et  expresse  et  sub  intermina- 
cione  divini  judicii  interdicimus  dicti  nostri  Collegii  custodi  et  cus- 
todibus  ac  sociis  et  scolaribus  eiusdem  universis  et  singulis,  pre- 
sentibus  et  futuris,  ac  in  virtute  juramenti  per  ipsos  et  eorum 
quemlibet  dicto  CoUegio  prestiti  admonemus  et  hortamur  in  Domino, 
ne  ipsi  collegialiter  communiter  vel  divisim  aliquas  alias  ordina- 
ciones  vel  statuta,  declaraciones,  interpretaciones,  mutaciones,  injunc- 
ciones,  exposiciones,  vel  glosas  presentibus  nostris  ordinacionibus 
et  statutis,  vel  ipsorum  alicui,  sano  et  piano  gramaticali  et  litterali 
intellectui  quomodolibet  adversantes  vel  adversancia,  repugnantes 
vel  repugnancia,  derogantes  vel  derogancia,  nisi  per  nos  edenda, 
acceptent,  nee  huiusmodi  fieri  procurent,  aut  eisdem  utantur,  publice 
vel  occulte,  directe  vel  indirecte.  Et  si  contra  premissa  vel  contra 
intencionem  nostram  in  premissis  vel  eorum  aliquo  per  aliquam 
vel  aliquos  (quod  absit)  aliquid  aut  aliqua  statui,  ordinari,  fieri,  aut  dic- 
tari,  vel  dispensacionem  aliquam  scienter  aut  ignoranter  concedi  vel 
haberi  contigerit  in  fiaturum,  auctoritate  presentis  statuti  decernimus, 
pronunciamus,  et  declaramus  dictos  custodem  et  custodes,  socios  et 
scolares  dicti  nostri  Collegii  (quibus  omnibus  et  singulis  in  ea  parte 
omnem  et  omnimodum  adimimus  potestatem)  ad  ipsa  observanda 
non  teneri  quomodolibet  vel  astringi ;  sed  ea  vacuamus  omnino  et 
carere  volumus  omni  robore  firmitatis,  aliis  pcenis  in  hoc  casu  in- 
flictis  superius  in  sua  firmitate  nihilominus  permansuris.  Statuentes 
nihilominus  et  eciam  ordinantes,  quod  si  forsan  tempore  invale- 
scente  malicia  casibus  fortuitis  possessiones,  redditus,  et  proventus 
spirituales  et  temporales  dicti  nostri  Collegii  in  tantum  decreverint, 
quod  dictus  custos  necnon  presbiterorum  scolarium  et  clericorum 
de  capella  numerus  per  nos  superius  definitus  de  exitibus  pos- 
sessionum  reddituum  et  proventuum  predictorum  ceteris  omnibus 
oneribus  eidem  Collegio  incumbentibus  debite  supportatis  non  po- 
terunt  juxta  formam  ordinacionum  et  statutorum  nostrorum  comode 
sustentari,  extunc  comune  singulorum  ipsorum  presbiterorum  duo- 
decim  denariorum  summam  in  septimana  aliqua  non  transcendant, 
nee  amplior  quam  duodecim  denariorum  summa  pro  eorum  septima- 
natim  comunis  de  bonis  dicti  Collegii  comunibus  aliqualiter  persol- 


Appendix  XL  523 

vatur.  Deinde  si  redditus  et  proventus  prefati  Collegii  custodi 
necnon  presbiterorum  et  scolarium,  ac  clericorum  capelle  numero 
non  sufficiant  in  hac  parte,  tunc  necessitate  cogente  annua  liberata 
vestrum  do  qua  in  dictis  nostris  ordinacionibus  et  statutis  fit  mencio 
a  quolibet  subtrahatur.  Demum  si  post  hec  infortuniis  (quod 
absit)  invalescentibus  numerus  supradictus  de  redditibus,  exitibus, 
ac  proventibus  possessionum  dicti  nostri  Collegii  tunc  existencibus 
in  forma  predicta  non  poterit  sustentari,  permittimus  quod  tunc  et 
non  ante,  nee  alias  quovismodo,  juxta  decrescenciam  dictorum 
reddituum  et  proventuum  decrescat  successive  numerus  sociorum 
et  scolarium  nostri  Collegii  supradicti.  In  his  tamen  omnibus  custodis 
et  sociorum  presbiterorum  dicti  nostri  Collegii,  qui  pro  tempore 
fuerint,  consciencias  apud  Altissimum  arciiis  oneramus,  Ordinantes 
ac  eciam  statuentes,  ut  si  necessitatibus  et  infortuniis  supradictis 
cessantibus  tempora  mutentur  in  melius,  possessionesque  redditus, 
et  proventus  dicti  nostri  Collegii  per  Dei  graciam  iterato  felicia  re- 
cipiant  incrementa,  juxta  ipsorum  crescenciam  numerus  supradictus 
sic,  ut  premittitur,  in  dictis  casibus  minuendis  augeatur  eciam  et  ac- 
crescat,  ac  alias  in  omnibus  participiant  sicut  prius.  Declarantes 
preterea,  quod  jurati  ad  observacionem  statutorum  nostrorum  in 
eisdem  vel  ipsorum  aliquo  delinquentes,  ubi  apponitur  poena  certa, 
non  reatu  perjurii  nisi  hoc  in  eisdem  statutis  specialiter  caveatur, 
sed  poena  sic  specialiter  apposita  tantummodo  puniantur  nisi  pcenam 
sibi  inflictam  juxta  huiusmodi  continenciam  statutorum  contem- 
pserint  adimplere  ;  tunc  enim  ipsos  reatum  perjurii  volumus  et  statui- 
mus  incurrere  ipso  facto.  Presentes  autem  regulas,  ordinaciones,  con- 
stituciones,  et  statuta  sic  per  nos  edita  ad  Dei  laudem  et  gloriam 
divinique  cultus  augmentum  ac  studii  scolastici  profectum,  necnon 
ad  prefati  Collegii  comodum  et  decorem  valere  et  perpetuis  durare 
temporibus  ac  robur  incomutabilis  firmitatis  volumus  obtinere.  His 
igitur  sic  per  Dei  graciam  salubriter  ordinatis  dicti  Collegii  nostri 
custodi  ac  sociis  et  scolaribus  ac  omnibus  aliis  comorantibus  in 
eodem  juxta  informacionem  Christi,  tanquam  eius  discipulis,  divinum 
obsequium  commendamus,  pacisque  et  unitatis  fedus  ac  perfecte 
vinculum  charitatis.    Amen. 


XII. 
Warden  Traffics'  Diary,  April  g— May  15,  1702. 

1702.  April  9.  Journey  to  London  concerning  reversing  King's 
letters. 

Ap.  ID.  I  called  on  the  Provost  of  Eaton  to  engage  him  to  assist 
ye  Coll.  in  this  matter  by  the  interest  of  his  brother  ye  Lo.  Godol- 


524  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

phin.  I  delivered  a  copy  of  ye  agreement  between  King's,  Eaton, 
New,  &  Winton  Colleges  ^  He  told  me  that  he  had  already  a 
<:opy  of  it,  assured  me  of  his  hearty  assistance,  &  that  all  honest 
men  would  help  it  forward.  This  ye  Provost  more  explicitly 
promised  to  Dr.  Trimnell,  rec^  by  him  while  I  was  in  London. 

Ap.  14.  I  was  brought  to  my  Lo.  Archbishop  at  j^e  lobby  of  ye 
H.  of  Lords,  introduced  by  Dr.  Trimnell.  The  Archbp.  approv'd  of 
ye  draught  for  ye  Queen's  grant,  wherein  caution  is  provided  for  a 
common  Election,  &  to  give  up  private  places  &  nominations. 
This  keeping  up  private  places  or  options  in  other  Elections  was  ye 
great  exception  made  agst  ye  removal  of  Queen's  &  Bishop's 
letters.  Of  this  I  wrote  to  Dr.  Nicholas  to  incline  him  to  quit  these 
nominations  &  to  engage  ye  Bp.  of  London  to  speak  to  ye  Queen, 
w"^  my  Lo.  Archbp.  approved  of  as  convenient. 

Then  my  Lo.  Archbp.  told  me  that  by  reason  of  the  present 
Hurry  upon  account  of  ye  Coronation  coming  on  ye  23^  this  busi- 
ness could  not  be  effected  at  present,  but  that  he  would  take  care 
of  it ;  and  gave  me  leave  to  return  to  my  College  ;  telling  me  that 
my  absence  should  be  no  hindrance  to  the  business,  &  that  Dr. 
Trimnell  &  he  would  take  care  of  it. 

The  Bp.  of  Sarum  being  then  at  ye  Lobby  of  ye  Ho.  of  Lords  very 
kindly  promised  his  assistance  in  this  matter ;  which  he  the  rather 
did,  because  once  he  had  been  instrumental  in  procuring  a  letter 
from  ye  King  for  Mr.  Glasse. 

Mr.  Young  Dean  of  Sarum  then  was  very  active  in  this  affair, 
and  undertook  to  engage  ye  Bp.  of  London  in  it ;  taking  w'^^  him  all 
my  papers  which  stated  this  business. 

Ap.  19.  Having  wrote  to  ye  Bp.  of  Winton  to  desire  his  letter  to 
ye  Archbp  to  testify  his  approbation  of  our  design,  &  ye  giving  up 
his  own  letter  in  order  to  promote  it  (as  he  had  sent  ye  Warden  of 
W.  C.  &  myself  word  by  Mr.  Forbes  his  secretary  at  ye  last  Elec- 
tion) and  my  Lo.  of  Winton  being  come  to  London  Mr.  Brideoake 
then  sent  me  word  that  he  had  been  at  Lambeth  this  day  & 
acquainted  ye  Archbp.  w*ii  his  Lord's  design  &  good  intentions 
to  concur  w'^  his  Grace  in  effecting  this  matter.  Whereupon  ye 
Archbp.  desired  ye  Bp.  of  Winton  to  meet  him  at  10  ye  next  morning 
at  Councill. 

Ap.  20.  Accordingly  ye  Bp.  of  Winton  met  ye  Archbp.  at  ye 
Cockpit  in  ye  Archbp's  Lodgings,  declared  freely  his  desire  to  have 
ye  Queen's  letters  gott  off,  and  that  he  gave  over  his  own  priviledge  of 
sending  a  letter  to  ye  Election  in  order  to  show  his  most  hearty 
approbation  of  it,  &  that  he  wod  attend  his  Grace  to  ye  Queen, 
when  he  should  please,  to  petition  her  in  order  to  her  grant  for  such 

'  The  Amicabilis  Concordia,  ante,  p.  199. 


Appendix  XII.  525 

removall.  Mr.  Young,  Dean  of  Sarum,  Mr.  Bridecake,  Mr.  Bisse 
were  present  when  these  things  were  said  by  ye  Bp.  of  Winton. 
Before  whom  my  Lo.  Archbp.  began  to  speak  of  the  opposition  from 
ye  Secretaries  of  State,  who  wrote  from  their  concern  for  ye  E.  of 
Bridgewater's  kinsman  Will.  Egerton  1,  to  whom  a  Letter  for  ye 
ensuing  election  was  already  granted  by  ye  late  King.  But  if  ye 
Secretaries  cod  be  made  easy  herein  by  allowing  for  this  time  Eger- 
ton's  letter,  it  was  not  doubted  but  that  Mr.  Vernon  partic'ly  wod 
be  our  friend  &  assistant  to  gett  them  off  for  the  future.  And  to 
this  expedient  ye  Archbp.  seemed  most  inclinable,  and  looked  upon 
it  as  a  good  composition.  To  wch  I  repli'd  to  his  Grace  (i)  that 
Egerton  for  whom  that  letter  was  granted  had  last  election  many 
others  his  seniors  who  seem'd  to  deserve  preference ;  &  probably 
it  is  still  so,  I  suppose,  that  10  or  12  may  at  ye  Election  deserve 
preference  over  him.  (2)  That  cou'd  I  for  this  one  time  allow  Mr. 
Egerton  this  preference  above  persons  more  worthy,  I  cou'd  always 
allow  ye  same,  &  then  I  sho'd  not  have  troubled  his  Grace  & 
other  friends  to  remove  these  letters.  (3)  That  if  ye  Queen's  Letters 
sho'd  be  gott  off  though  after  ye  turn  of  Egerton  was  served,  it  wo'd 
very  well  satisfy  myself  &  I  should  take  it  most  thankfully,  as  a 
good  work  done  :  provided  I  myself  be  allowed  without  offence  to 
vote  according  to  my  own  judgment,  as  I  did  at  ye  last  Election.  Wch 
his  Grace,  Dean  of  Sarum,  etc,  seemed  to  allow  of,  and  with  God's 
grace  I  hope  to  practice,  whether  letters  be  taken  off  or  not.  Then 
my  Lo.  Archbp.  declared  that  he  had  acquainted  ye  late  King  before 
his  death  of  our  petition,  to  wch.  the  K.  graciously  reply'd  '  That 
God  forbid  that  he  sho'd  hinder  any  of  his  Colleges  from  observing 
their  statutes.'  But  his  death  following  speedily  afler  hindred  our 
business  from  being  effected  then.  But  his  Grace  then  assured  me 
that  I  need  not  doubt  of  success  from  the  Queen,  when  her  leisure 
should  allow  her  to  be  addressed,  wch  he  wod  take  care  of;  and 
then  gave  me  leave  to  attend  my  business,  promising  to  acquaint  ye 
Queen  that  I  had  been  ready  to  attend  her.  This  repeated  at  Lam- 
beth, where  by  his  Grace's  command  I  then  dined. 

Memdum.  (i)  The  Archbp.  desiring  our  case  to  be  drawn  up  as 
short  as  may  be,  Mr.  Young,  D.  of  Sarum  drew  it  up  in  short,  a  copy 
of  wch  with  ye  petition  to  ye  Queen  was  left  wth  Dr.  Trimnell,  and 
ye  D.  of  Sarum  took  ye  original  for  ye  Bp.  of  London.  (2)  Dr. 
Windebank  (Ap.  21)  at  Mr.  Rawlinson's  lodgings  offered  to  go  w*** 
ye  D.  of  Sarum  to  y&  Bp.  of  London,  whom  he  had  already  acquainted 
with  ye  business,  &  assured  me  ye  Bp.  of  London  was  hearty  in  it. 

May  15.  I  rece'd  a  letter  from  Mr.  Bisse  that  ye  Queen  had 
granted  a  stop  of  letters  for  her  time.    Whereupon  Dr.  Oldys,  Mr. 

•  Admitted  1698,  to  Winchester  College.     Elected  in  1703  to  New  College. 


526  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Loggan,  and  I  went  to  ye  Secretary's  office.  S''  Charles  Hedges 
was  engag'd  in  a  Committee  &  not  to  be  spoken  with.  But  Mr. 
EUis  told  us  that  a  stop  was  put  to  all  letters  ;  and  that  an  instrument 
was  ordered  to  be  drawn  up  according  to  the  direction  of  my  papers, 
wch  were  left  by  ye  Archbp.  in  ye  Secretary's  office.  Of  this  Mr. 
Ellis  promised  to  take  due  care,  &  Dr.  Oldys  to  sollicit,  as  also 
Mr.  Rawlinson  by  Dr.  Windebank. 


XIII. 

Bishop  Cooper's  Order  for  the  number  of  Founders  to  be  bred 
in  both  Colleges. 

'  Whereas  Fiennes  and  Bolney  pretending  themselves  to  be  of 
the  blood  consanguinity  &  kindred  of  William  of  Wykeham,  some- 
time Bp  of  Winchester  &  Founder  of  S*  Mary  Winton  Coll.  &  of 
S'  Mary  Winton  Coll.  in  Oxon,  have  of  late  claimed  such  benefits 
&  privileges  for  the  election  admission  &  preferment  of  their 
children,  as  by  the  statutes  of  the  s<^  Founder  are  to  be  allowed 
to  his  undoubted  kindred  &  blood.  And  whereas  the  now  War- 
dens &  Fellows  of  the  s^  Colleges  (though  willing  to  observe  the 
statutes  of  the  s*  Founder  in  that  behalf  made  &  provided  for  all 
such  as  are  truly  &  undoubtedly  of  the  Founder's  blood  &  kin- 
dred, yet)  finding  the  s*  persons  claiming  the  s<^  privileges  as  of 
blood  to  the  s*^  Founder  cannot  directly  &  fully  prove  their  pedi- 
grees and  consanguinity  to  the  Founder.  And  also  that  from  the 
first  foundation  of  the  College  unto  this  present  day,  there  were 
never  admitted  of  the  s'^  persons  complainants  before  the  s^  Ri. 
Fiennes  now  living,  other  than  one  Ri.  Fiennes  Ann.  5  Edw.  IV. 
to  whom  they  by  likelihood  of  the  same  names  supposed  them- 
selves to  be  kin,  without  sufficient  proof  as  the  s^  Warden  &  Fel- 
lows do  think. 

Therefore  the  s^  Wardens  &  Fellows  have  not  thought  it  good 
to  make  general  allowance  of  the  claim  before  better  &  more 
exact  proof  be  made  of  their  pedigree  &  consanguinity  to  the  Foun- 
der. Whereupon  the  s"!  Fiennes  &c.  have  exhibited  their  Bills 
of  complaint  in  the  Honourable  Court  of  Chancery  against  the  s*^ 
Wardens  &  Fellows,  thereby  to  make  due  &  just  proof,  that  they 
are  of  the  blood  &  consanguinity  of  the  Founder,  &  to  receive 
such  further  order  upon  hearing  of  the  matter  by  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor as  to  his  Lordship  should  in  equity  seem  meet.  Whereupon 
the  Lord  Chancellor  hearing  the  case,  gravely  considering  that  the 
public  benefits  of  the  realm  for  the  education  of  scholars  in  learn- 


Appendix  XIII.  527 

ing  chiefly  intended  by  the  Founder  would  be  greatly  hindered,  if 
every  of  the  children  of  the  s**  complainants,  (allowing  thcin  to  be 
of  the  undoubted  blood  of  the  s'l  Founder)  should  be  admitted 
into  the  s<*  Colleges,  being  at  this  instant  a  great  many  in  number, 
&  in  a  short  time  likely  to  spread  &  increase  &  grow  into  more 
generations,  sufficient  of  themselves  to  fill  the  number  of  both  the 
s*  Colleges,  hath  thought  it  most  convenient  to  refer  the  whole 
hearing  ordering  &  finishing  thereof,  by  the  mutual  consent  of  all 
parties  whom  it  concerneth,  to  the  Right  Rev"*.  Father  in  God 
Thomas  now  Lord  Bp  of  Winchester  visitor  of  the  s**  Colleges. 
After  which  the  s<*  Bishop  calling  before  him  the  s*  persons  com- 
plainants, &  also  John  Bolney  of  Bolney  in  the  County  of  Sussex, 
making  the  like  claim  for  himself  &  his  lineage  to  be  kin  to  the 
s*^  William  of  Wykeham,  &  hearing  their  proofs  &  examining  wit- 
nesses at  large,  &  considering  the  s*  statutes  &  the  meaning  & 
intent  of  the  Founder  therein,  &  weighing  likewise  the  reasons  & 
allegations  of  the  s^  Wardens  &  Fellows,  Upon  due  consideration 
&  deliberation  of  the  whole  cause,  hath  by  the  mutual  consent  of 
all  the  parties  aforesaid  set  down  declared  &  finally  ordered  from 
henceforth  always  to  be  observed  touching  the  s^  persons  now 
claiming  &  all  other  persons  that  shall  hereafter  claim  to  be  of 
consanguinity  to  the  Founder,  as  followeth : — 

First,  the  Bishop  (though  finding  imperfections  on  the  behalf  of 
the  s"*  persons  in  the  proof  of  their  kindred  to  the  s"*  William  of 
W^ykeham,  Founder  of  the  s^  Colleges,  such  as  by  rigour  &  ex- 
tremity of  law  might  perhaps  in  trial  exclude  them  &  their  off- 
spring from  the  privileges  &  preferments  intended  &  provided  by 
the  aforesaid  Founder  for  his  undoubted  kindred  in  both  his  Col- 
leges, yet)  inclineth  to  have  a  thankful  remembrance  of  so  worthy 
a  work  as  the  building  of  two  Colleges,  to  be  continued  in  both 
houses,  &  to  be  extended  even  to  any  such  as  in  any  probable 
shew  seem  to  be  of  the  blood  of  the  s^  Founder,  so  that  the  same 
tend  not  to  the  annoying  &  disturbance  or  prejudice  of  the  s"* 
foundations,  which  the  s*  Founder  meant  to  make  for  the  public 
benefit  of  the  whole  realm  &  not  to  be  appropriated  &  made  pe- 
culiar to  one  only  kindred  &  family.  And  therefore  the  s^  Bp 
condescendeth  with  the  liking  &  agreement  of  the  s^  Wardens  & 
Fellows  of  either  College,  for  the  causes  aforesaid,  to  yield  an  al- 
lowance of  some  convenient  &  reasonable  number  of  the  s<*  com- 
plainants &  of  John  Bolney  of  Bolney  &  of  their  issues  &  offspring, 
&  then  such  other  as  shall  hereafter  prove  themselves  to  be  of 
lineage  &  blood  to  the  s^  Founder,  to  have  the  benefit  &  prefer- 
ment appointed  &  provided  by  the  s"*  William  of  Wykeham  in  the 
statutes  of  either  College  for  his  undoubted  kindred.  And  for  that 
the  children  of  the  s**  complainants  &  others  are  at  this  time  many 


5^8  Annals  of  VVmchester  College. 

in  number  &  their  offspring  &  issues  of  them  hereafter  likely  to 
grow  to  a  great  multitude,  so  that  if  it  be  not  in  wisdom  fore- 
seen, the  number  of  the  scholars  appointed  in  the  Colleges  afore- 
said are  like  in  a  short  time  to  be  supplied  by  the  children  & 
offspring  of  the  s<i  reputed  kinsmen,  be  they  apt  or  not  apt  to 
be  brought  up  in  learning,  so  that  the  public  benefit,  which  un- 
doubtedly the  Founder  intended  in  his  foundation  to  be  good 
education  of  all  other  persons  in  general  apt  for  learning,  would 
be  frustrated.  And  for  that  it  is  evident  by  the  records  of  both 
Colleges,  that  there  hath  not  been  allowed  or  admitted,  as  kins- 
men to  the  s^  Founder,  above  the  number  of  18  persons,  of  all 
descents  whatsoever,  &  at  all  times,  since  the  first  foundation  of 
the  s*  Colleges,  till  some  of  these  persons  now  complaining  were 
admitted.  And  for  that  also  over  &  above  the  revenues  of  the  s^ 
Colleges  anciently  given  by  the  s^  Founder,  the  same  hath  been 
since  greatly  augmented  iS:  enlarged  with  many  grants  privileges 
lands  &  possessions  by  the  free  &  liberal  gift  of  the  Queen's 
Most  Excell.  Majesty  &  other  her  Highness'  most  noble  Progeni- 
tors, &  of  divers  other  well  disposed  persons,  to  the  end  that  as 
the  same  Colleges  were  first  founded,  &  so  have  continued 
hitherto  as  famous  nurserys  of  learning  for  the  whole  realm,  so 
the  education  &  bringing  up  of  youth  should  still  be  universal 
&  open  for  all  the  persons  of  this  realm,  by  electing  such  as 
should  be  apt  &  meet  in  good  time  to  do  good  in  the  common- 
wealth, without  which  augmentation  &  increase  of  revenues,  as 
times  have  changed  the  value  &  prices  of  things,  the  ancient  pos- 
sessions given  by  the  s"^  Founder  were  nothing  like  sufficient  to 
answer  the  ordinary  &  necessary  charges  yearly  to  be  spent  & 
employed  about  the  education  &  maintenance  of  half  the  number 
by  the  Founder  appointed  to  be  brought  up  &  maintained.  In 
consideration  whereof  &  of  many  other  reasons  &  circumstances 
&  for  the  avoiding  of  such  inconveniences  as  might  ensue,  if  one 
blood  consanguinity  &  kindred  should  have  both  Colleges  in  their 
possession  &  regiment.  And  for  that  also  the  allowance  of  money 
made  by  the  s<*  Founder  to  his  undoubted  kin  within  the  said 
Colleges  for  their  apparel  books  &  necessary  expenses  is  but  £,20 
p.  ann.  in  either  College  amongst  them  all— the  Founder  himself 
allotting  4  marks  to  every  kinsman  for  his  yearly  charges,  which 
sufficeth  only  for  7  persons  &  no  more,  whereby  the  s<^  Founder 
seemeth  not  to  have  made  account  of  so  great  a  number  as  the 
s'l  persons  complainants  &  others  that  now  claim  to  be  admitted 
in  s^  College  at  one  time. 

For  these  &  many  other  causes  &  considerations  him  moving,  & 
by  the  mutual  consent  of  all  parties  aforesaid,  the  s^  Bp  of  Win- 
ton  hath  declared  &  expounded  the  true  meaning  &  intent  of  the 


Appendix  XIII.  529 

Founder  always  to  have  been,  that  the  education  of  scholars  shall 
more  largely  extend  than  to  his  own  kindred,  &  that  some  con- 
venient number  of  his  own  kindred  should  enjoy  &  have  the 
benefit  &  privileges  of  their  admission  maintenance  &  allowance 
set  down  &  appointed  by  the  s**  statutes.  And  therefore  in  ratifi- 
cation &  confirmation  thereof  he  the  s<^  Bishop  hath  ordered  &  de- 
creed, that  from  henceforth  there  shall  not  be  above  the  number 
of  18  persons  proved  &  reputed  to  be  of  the  blood  &  consan- 
guinity of  the  s*  Founder  received  or  remaining  within  the  s*^  two 
Colleges  (which  is  as  great  a  number  as  hath  been  there  ninescore 
years  last  past  received  or  maintained),  &  the  s^  number  of  18  persons 
proved  &  reputed  to  be  of  the  s^  Founder's  blood  to  be  so  divided  be- 
tween both  the  s*  Colleges,  that  there  be  not  received  or  remaining 
within  the  College  of  Winchester  near  Winchester  in  any  wise  at  any 
one  time  above  ten  such  persons  proved  &  reputed  kinsmen  at  one 
time,  to  be  hither  elected  there  admitted  or  maintained  or  suffered  there 
to  remain  or  abide.  But  as  the  number  of  proved  or  reputed  kins- 
men afore-limited  in  either  College  wanteth  faileth  or  decreaseth,  so 
the  same  to  be  supplied  without  contradiction  or  difficulty  at  the 
next  election  of  scholars  in  the  College  of  Winchester  near  Win- 
chester, if  any  of  the  s^  Founder's  proved  or  reputed  kindred  be 
then  offered  &  found  apt  &  able  according  to  the  statutes  of  these 
Colleges. 

And  further  the  si^  Bp  hath  also  ordered  that  the  s^  Rich*  Fi- 
ennes  &  John  Bolney  of  Bolney  &  John  Bolney  of  Stoke-Ash, 
nor  any  claiming  to  be  of  the  s^  Founder's  blood  by  their  descent 
or  pedigrees,  nor  any  of  their  children  issues  or  offspring  at  any 
time  of  election,  or  otherwise,  at  any  time  hereafter  shall  offer, 
present,  require,  claim,  or  demand  any  of  their  children  issues  off"- 
spring  &c.  to  be  nominated  elected  admitted  or  received  to  be  a 
scholar  of  the  s*  S*  Mary  Winchester  Coll.  nigh  Winchester,  or 
to  be  preferred  or  admitted  to  the  s<^  Winton  College  in  Oxford, 
so  long  as  the  s"*  several  nvunbers  of  ten  in  the  one  College  8c 
eight  in  the  other,  appointed  by  these  orders  aforesaid  to  be  ad- 
mitted or  remaining  in  the  s*  Colleges  or  any  of  them  shall  remain 
full  &  undiminished,  nor  shall  offer  present  or  require  above  the 
number  of  two  of  their  children  or  issues  at  any  one  election  to 
be  received  or  admitted  into  either  of  the  s^  Colleges,  any  clause 
sentence  or  order  herein  contained  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
And  further  that  no  persons  claiming  to  be  of  blood  &  consan- 
guinity to  the  s"i  Founder,  otherwise  than  the  persons  aforesaid  & 
their  children  &  offspring,  shall  hereafter  be  elected  admitted  or 
allowed  to  be  of  blood  &  consanguinity  kindred  to  the  s'^  Founder 
before  such  time  as  the  s*  person  or  persons  have  made  due  proof 
of  their  blood  &  consanguinity  as  well  before  the  Bishop  of  Win- 

M  m 


530  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Chester  for  the  time  being,  as  in  the  s*  Court  of  Chancery  by  or- 
dinary proceeding  therein,  whereunto  the  Wardens  for  the  time 
being  shall  be  made  parties  unto  the  suit,  &  shall  make  privy,  or 
give  notice  of  the  s*  suit  unto  the  s*  Rich'^  Fiennes  John  Bolney 
&  their  issue  &  offspring  or  some  of  them,  to  the  end  they  may 
object  what  they  can  for  the  disproof  of  such  evidences  instru- 
ments testimonies  or  witnesses  as  such  person  or  persons  pre- 
tending to  be  of  the  Founder's  blood  shall  produce  for  the  proof 
of  their  pedigrees  descents  &  consanguinities  of  or  to  the  said 
Founder.' 


XIV. 

The  Bishop  of  Achonrfs^  Commission  from  the  Founder  to  con- 
secrate the  Chapel  and  Cemetery  of  the  College. 
Dated  fuly  7,  1395. 

Venerabili  in  Christo  patri  ac  domino  domino  Symoni  Dei 
gracia  episcopo  Accadensi  Willelmus  permissione  divina  Wyn- 
ton.  Episcopus  salutem  et  fraterne  dilectionis  perpetuum  incremen- 
tum.  Ut  capellam  collegii  nostri  beate  Marie  prope  Wynton. 
nostra  diocesi  necnon  altaria  in  eadem  erecta  locumque  pro  cime- 
terio  in  dicto  coUegio  ordinatum  ac  lapides  pro  superaltaribus  ^ 
ordinatos  dedicare  et  consecrare  cum  officio  debito  et  in  forma 
ecclesie  consueta  possitis  ceteraque  peragere  et  expedire  que  in 
premissis  et  circa  ea  necessaria  fuerint  seu  eciam  oportuna  pater- 
nitati  vestre  reverende  tenore  presentium  committimus  vices  nos- 
tras et  liberam  pro  hac  vice  concedimus  facultatem.  In  cuius  rei 
testimonium  sigillum  nostrum  fecimus  hiis  apponi.  Dat.  in  castro 
nostro  de  Farnham  vii  die  mensis  Julii  anno  domini  millesimo  ccc™° 
nonogessimo  quinto  et  consecrationis  nostre  xxviii™". 

•  An  ancient  Irish  See,  now  united  with  Killala  and  Tuam. 

'  These  were  stone  or  marble  slabs  used  to  cover  altars,  especially  when  the 
altars  were  wooden,  as  the  altar  in  Canterbury  Cathedral  was  in  the  time  of 
Erasmus. 


Appendix  XV.  531 


XV. 


The  CASE  of  the  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars  of  Winchester- 
College,  concerning  the  Allowances  made  by  them  to  their 
Warden,  pro  Victualibus,/or  the  Year  1710. 

The  Fact.  The  Sub-Warden  and  Bursars  of  Winchester-College y 
did,  soon  after  their  Election  into  those  Offices,  in  December  1709, 
make  the  following  Allowances  to  their  Warden  pro  Victualibus,  for 
the  Year  ensuing :  vis.  That  from,  and  after  the  23^  day  of  December 
1709,  the  Warden  shall  have  Weekly,  pro  Victualibus,  after  the  Proportion 
of  four  Fellows  J  And  that  the  Warden's  three  Statutable  Servants  shall 
have  Weekly,  after  the  Proportion  of  the  other  Servants  of  the  College. 
And  the  said  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars  did  revoke  all  former  Allow- 
ances, made  to  the  Warden  or  his  Servants,  pro  Victualibus. 

Power.  The  Authority  whereby  the  said  Sub- Warden  and  Bur- 
sars did  thus  allocate  to  the  Warden  and  his  Servants,  pro  Victualibus, 
is  given  them  by  the  13/A  and  ^th  Kubricks  of  the  Statutes  of  Win- 
chester-College; which  provides  thus.  Rub.  XIII.  "  Statuentes prceterea 
"  quod  Custodi  dicti  nostri  Collegii  de  bonis  communibus  ipsius  Collegii, 
"prout  Statui  suo  conveniat,  in  victualibus  deserviatur,juxta  ordinationem 
"  &*  discretionem  ipsius  Custodis  Vicecustodis  &'Bursariorum  Collegii  nostri 
"  supradicti.  Rub.  XXVI.  Volentes  insuper  quod  Custos  prcedictus  tres 
"  seatm  habeat  proprios  servientes,  quorum  unus  Clericus,  sive  Domicellus, 
"  alius  Valettus,  6-»  tertius  Garcio  existat,  qui  sicut  cceteri  familiares  dicti 
"  Collegii  de  bonis  communibus  juxta  statum,  &»  conditionem  ipsorum  in 
"  victualibus  procurentur." 

The  Reasons  for  which  the  said  Sub-Warden  and  Bursars  thought 
themselves  oblig'd  to  withdraw  the  former  Allowances  made  to  the 
Warden,  were  these : 

Reasons.  I.  Because  the  former  Allowances  were  such  as  did  not,  in 
their  fudgments,  Statui  Custodis  convenire. 

II.  Because  the  former  Allowances  were  greater  than  he  could  consume. 

III.  Because,  by  reason  of  those  Allowances,  the  Scholars  of  the  College 
were  provided  for  after  a  worse  manner  than  they  ought  to  be. 

IV.  Because,  by  reason  of  those  Allowances,  the  Revenue  of  the  College 
was  found  insufficient  to  defray  the  necessary  Expences  thereof. 

M  m  2 


5S'2'  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Proof  of  the  First  Reason. 

The  Status  Custodis  is  to  be  determin'd,  i.  By  the  several  Provi- 
sions allow'd  in  the  Statutes  to  the  Warden,  compar'd  with  those 
alloVd  to  the  Fellows.  2.  By  the  Ancient  Practice ;  and,  3.  By  the 
State  of  the  Warden  of  New-College. 

Provisions  in  the  Statutes  for  the  Warden. 

/.     s.     d. 
The  Status  Custodis. 

For  his  Stipend  Yearly 20    00    00 

For  his  Habit,  la  Yards  of  Cloth,  at  2id.  per  Yard  in  value         01     01     00 

As  to  his  Diet,  he  is  to  eat  in  the  Common-Hall,  at  the  same  Table  and 
Dish  with  the  Fellows. 

As  to  his  Attendants,  he  is  to  have  three  Servants,  besides  the  common 
Servants  of  the  College. 

For  his  Apartment,  he  is  to  have  two  Chambers  and  Garrets. 

For  his  Stable,  Provender  for  two  Horses ;  which  two  Horses  are  to  be 
bought,  and  chang'd,  and  provided  with  Bridles,  Saddles,  Shoes,  &c.  at  his 
own  Charge. 

To  support  this  State  the  Warden  had, 

For  his  own  Stipend  Yearly 

and  for  his  Servants         ...... 

For  his  Habit      . 

and  for  his  Servants        ...... 

For  the  Diet  of  himself  and  his  Servants  Yearly  . 
For  his  Fuel        ........ 

For  his  Stable 

For  Linen  of  divers  kinds,  dfc 

For  other  Particulars 

Total 


Provisions  in  the  Statutes  for  a  Fellow. 


For  his  Stipend  Yearly 

For  his  Habit,  8  Yards  of  Cloth,  at  zid.  per  Yard  in  value 
For  Fur  for  his  Habit 


/. 

s. 

d. 

33 

06 

08 

06 

05 

04 

01 

13 

04 

06 

09 

00 

337 

17 

08 

47 

00 

00 

52 

10 

00 

10 

CO 

00 

ID 

09 

08 

495 

II 

08 

/. 

5. 

d. 

05 

00 

00 

00 

14 

00 

00 

03 

04 

As  to  his  Diet,  he  is  to  eat  in  the  Common-Hall,  at  the  same  Table  and 
Dish  with  the  Warden. 

As  to  his  Attendants,  he  is  to  have  no  proper  Servant,  but  the  common 
Servants  of  the  College. 

For  his  Apartment,  he  is  to  have  one  third  part  of  a  Chamber. 

For  his  Stable,  no  Horses  but  such  as  are  provided  for  the  use  of  the 
College. 


/. 

s. 

d. 

07 

00 

00 

OI 

01 

oa 

30 

00 

00 

00 

la 

00 

oa 

10 

00 

41 

03 

oa 

Appendix  XV.  533 

For  a  Fellow's  Support,  he  hath,  when  Resident, 

For  his  Stipend  Yearly 

For  his  Habit  Yearly 

For  his  Diet  Yearly,  about 

For  his  Fuel 

For  other  Particulars,  about 

Total 

1.  By  comparing  the  Provisions  made  in  the  Statutes  for  the 
Warden  and  Fellows,  with  those  claim'd  at  present  by  them ;  The 
Warden's  allowances  were  found  to  be  much  more  than  sufficient  for 
the  Support  of  the  State  appointed  to  him  by  the  Founder,  and  that  in 
the  Article  of  his  Diet  they  were  highly  Extravagant,  and  being  more 
than  as  Eleven  to  One,  did  greatly  exceed  the  Proportion  the  Statute 
hath  made  between  him  and  his  Fellows,  who  were  all  to  eat  together. 

2.  That  the  Allowances  made  to  the  Warden  for  Diet,  did  not  Statui 
suo  convenire,  is  prov'd  by  the  ancient  Practice  from  the  first  Founda- 
tion of  the  College  in  1393,  till  towards  the  Year  1600 ;  during  all 
which  time,  viz.  for  near  200  Years,  the  Wardens  did  eat  in  the 
Common-Hall  with  the  Fellows,  and  had  but  double  allow'd  to  them 
for  their  Diet  that  then  was  allow'd  to  a  Fellow. 

3.  This  is  also  prov'd  from  the  State  of  the  Warden  oi  New-College, 
which  tho'  intended  by  the  same  Founder  to  be  greater  than  that  of 
the  Warden  of  Winchester  (inasmuch  as  he  hath  allow'd  him  a  Table 
separate  from  that  of  his  Fellows,  and  for  his  Stipend  double  to  that 
of  the  Warden  of  Windiester)  yet  hath  not  so  much  allow'd  for  his 
Diet  as  one  third  part  of  what  the  Warden  of  Winchester  had  for  his. 

Proof  of  the  Second  Reason. 

The  Warden's  Statutable  Family  consisteth  of  himself  and  three 
Servants ;  but  he  now  hath  in  his  Lodgings  a  Son,  a  Sister,  and  nine 
Servants,  who  did  not  all  of  them  consume  what  was  allow'd  for  his 
and  his  Servants  Diet.  For  besides  what  he  is  suppos'd  to  save  out 
of  about  150/.  yearly,  which  is  paid  by  the  Bursars  in  Money  for 
several  particular  kinds  of  Diet ;  he  is  known  to  receive  of  the  Baker 
yearly  about  lol.  of  the  Butcher  yearly  about  25/.  and  of  the  College 
about  14/.  yearly  for  Bread  Meat  and  Beer,  allow'd,  but  not  spent. 

Proof  of  the  Third  Reason. 

The  Scholars  of  the  College  are  known  to  be  so  ill  provided  for  as 
to  be  chargeable  to  their  Friends  ;  and  tho'  the  College  hath  been 
willing  to  make,  better  Provision  for  them,  yet  by  reason  of  the  great 
Allowances  claim'd  by  the  Warden,  the  Revenue  of  the  College  hath 


534  Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

not  been  great  enough  to  afford  it.  The  Warden  having  more  of  the 
annual  Revenue  of  the  College  for  his  own  Uses,  than  all  the  Seventy 
Scholars  put  together. 

Proof  of  the  Fourth  Reason. 

By  an  Estimate  of  the  Receipts  and  Payments  of  Winchester  College, 
from  Michaelmas  1700,  to  Michaelmas  1707,  it  appeareth  that  the  Ex- 
pences  of  the  College  for  those  seven  Years  have  exceeded  their 
certain  Income  above  4000/.  which  great  Sum  hath  been  supply'd  out 
of  the  Woods  belonging  to  the  College,  and  cannot  be  supply'd  in  like 
manner  for  the  future,  without  the  apparent  Destruction  of  them. 

Conclusion.  Wherefore  the  College  being  under  the  Necessity  of 
contracting  their  Expences,  and  withal  under  Obligation  to  provide 
better  for  the  Scholars,  it  was  thought  advisable  by  the  said  Sub- 
Warden  and  Bursars,  to  withdraw  from  the  Warden  those  Allowances 
pro  victualibus,  which  they  were  persuaded  in  their  Judgments  did  not 
Statui  suo  convenire,  and  were  also  known  to  be  greater  than  he  did 
spend,  even  in  that  State  wherein  he  lived,  which  was  almost  four 
times  as  great  as  that  wherein  the  Founder  intended  he  should  live, 
and  wherein  the  Wardens  his  Predecessors,  'till  the  beginning  of  the 
last  Century,  actually  did  live. 

After  that  the  said  Sub- Warden  and  Bursars  had,  for  the  Reasons 
recited,  thought  themselves  oblig'd  to  withdraw  from  the  Warden  his 
former  Allowances,  they  did,  upon  due  Consideration,  allow  him  after 
the  Proportion  of  Four  Fellows,  for  these  Reasons. 

I.  Because  the  Practice,  from  the  Foundation  of  the  College  for  the  first 
200  Years,  having  been  to  allow  the  Warden  but  double  to  what  was 
allowed  to  a  Fellow  pro  victualibus,  an  Allowance  to  him  after  the  Pro- 
portion of  Four  Fellows  was  very  ample. 

II.  Because  by  such  Evidence  as  was  to  be  found  of  the  Allowance  made 
to  that  Warden,  who  first  had  a  Table  separate  from  the  Fellows,  it 
appear' d,  That  he  was  allowed  after  the  Proportion  of  Four  Fellows,  with- 
out being  allowed  any  thing  for  his  Servants :  Wherefore  an  Allowance 
after  that  Proportion,  not  including  Servants,  could  not  be  thought  other 
than  very  sufficient. 

III.  Because  the  Disproportion  of  four  to  one,  wOs  the  greatest  that  the 
Statute  had  put  between  the  Warden  and  a  Fellow,  in  any,  and  that  but  in 
one  Article. 

IV.  Because  an  Allowance  pro  victualibus,  after  the  Proportion  of  Four 
Fellows,  together  with  the  Allowances  made  to  his  Servants,  would,  together 
with  the  other  Payments  coming  to  him,  make  his  Wardenship  much  supe- 
rior to  that  of  New-College,  or  to  most  Deaneries  in  England. 


Appendix  XV.  535 

For  these  several  Reasons  therefore  the  said  Sub-Warden  and 
Bursars  did  allow  to  their  Warden  after  the  Proportion  of  Four  Fel- 
lows, over  and  above  the  Allowances  made  to  his  Servants,  and  do 
think  that  they  have  acted  herein  agreeably  to  their  Statutes,  and  to 
the  ancient  Practice,  and  with  abundant  Respect  to  their  Warden. 

Objections  against  the  Power  of  the  Sub- Warden  and 
Bursars  Answer'd. 

Objection  I.  That  the  Warden,  being  one  of  the  four  Persons  who 
are  to  allocate  to  himself  in  victualibus,  the  Act  of  the  Sub-warden  and 
Bursars  without  him,  is  not  valid. 

Answer.  That  an  Act  done  by  the  Majority  of  the  Persons  ap- 
pointed by  Statute,  is  to  be  esteem'd  an  Act  of  them  all. 

That  the  Statute  would  be  unaccountable,  in  joining  these  Persons 
to  the  Warden  in  making  his  Allowances,  if  nothing  may  be  done 
therein  without  his  Consent. 

That  the  Warden,  being  interested  in  his  own  Allowances,  is  not  so 
proper  a  Judge  of  them,  as  the  other  three  Persons  are. 

That  the  College  would  be  in  an  ill  State,  if  whatever  the  Warden 
became  possess'd  of  by  any  Means,  might  not  be  taken  from  him 
without  his  Consent. 

Objection  II.  That  the  Allowances,  pro  victualibus,  claimed  by  the 
Warden,  were  given  to  his  Predecessors,  by  the  Grant  and  Consent  of  all, 
or  the  major  part  of  the  Fellows;  were  apprcnfd  by  the  Warden  and  Posers 
of  New-College  ;  and  have,  as  'tis  said,  had  the  Confirmation  of  a  higher 
Power  J  and  therefore  cannot  now  be  taken  away,  or  altered,  without  the 
Consent,  Approbation,  and  Confirmation  of  the  like  Persons. 

Answer.  That  no  Consent,  Approbation,  or  Confirmation  is  re- 
quired by  Statute,  save,  of  those  four  Persons  only,  who  are  to  make 
the  Warden's  Allowances,  and  therefore  not  necessary. 

That  many  of  the  Particulars  now  claim'd  by  the  Warden,  do  no 
where  appear  to  have  been  consented  to  by  the  Fellows,  or  the  major 
part  of  them ;  or  to  have  been  approv'd  or  confirmed  by  any  other 
Persons. 

That  no  Act  of  former  Officers,  however  consented  to,  approved,  or 
confirmed,  can  so  bind  their  Successors,  but  that  they  have  liberty  to 
revoke  the  same. 

That  the  present  Fellows  did  never,  by  any  Act  of  theirs,  in  any 
Year,  consent  to,  or  confirm  the  Warden's  Allowances. 

That  much  the  greater  part  of  the  present  Fellows  do  concur  with 
the  Officers  in  those  Allowances  that  are  now  made. 


SS^  'Annals  of  Winchester  College. 

Objection  III.  That  the  present  Lord  Bishop  of  Winchester  hath 
formerly,  by  Letter,  required  the  Warden  and  Fellows  to  let  the  Matters 
then  in  dispute,  be  and  continue  in  the  State  they  were  in  at  his  Accession 
to  the  Bishoprick  q/"  Winchester. 

Answer.  That  what  the  Bishop  wrote,  was  near  two  Years  since, 
without  hearing  of  Parties,  in  a  Dispute  very  different  from  that  now 
on  foot :  {viz.  In  a  Case  wherein  the  Warden  complain'd  of  the  two 
Bursars  only ;  who,  with  the  Consent  of  the  Majority  of  the  Fellows, 
withdrew  from  him  part  of  his  Allowances). 

That  the  Bishop  hath,  several  times  since  that  Letter  was  written, 
kindly  admonish'd  the  Warden  and  Fellows,  to  put  a  stop  to  the  Wast 
of  their  Victuals;  whereof,  allowing  to  the  Warden  more  than  is 
fitting,  must  be  esteem'd  a  part. 

That  could  the  Bishop  be  suppos'd,  by  what  he  wrote  two  Years 
since,  to  intend  a  Prohibition  of  the  Warden  and  Fellows  in  time 
coming,  from  doing  what  their  Statutes  require,  they  must  not  submit 
to  such  Prohibition. 

That  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  (being  Visitor  of  Winchester  College, 
of  common  Right  only,  and  not  by  any  express  Appointment  of  the 
Founder,)  hath  no  other  Power  over  the  College,  than  he  hath  over 
any  other  part  of  his  Diocess;  is  to  take  care  that  the  College  be 
under  the  Direction  of  the  Statutes,  as  his  Diocess  is  under  the  Eccle- 
siastical Law ;  and  in  case  he  shall  require,  or  order  any  thing  con- 
trary to  the  Statutes,  is  to  be  appeal'd  from,  as  in  all  other  parts  of 
his  Jurisdiction. 

Objection  IV.  That  the  Allowances  the  Warden  claims,  are  imme' 
morial,  and  therefore  he  hath  Title  to  them  by  Prescription. 

Answer.  That  several  of  the  Warden's  Allowances  are  risen  within 
Memory. 

That  those  Allowances  whereto  he  pretends  any  just  Title,  are 
known  and  confess'd  to  have  first  began  by  the  free  Grant  and  Con- 
sent of  the  Fellows. 

That  no  Custom  ought  to  avail  against  direct  Statute. 

That  any  Usage  or  Custom,  contrary  to  Statute,  is  expressly  pro- 
vided against,  in  the  45th  Rub.  of  the  Statutes,  where  the  Founder 
saith  thus.  Nee  volumus  quod  per  aliquam  assuetudinem,  consuetudinemy 
vel  abusum,  aut  aliam  occasionem  quamcunque,  intentioni,  aut  verbis 
ipsorum  statutorum,  aut  ordinationum  nostrarum,  in  aliquo  derogetur. 

Objections  against  the  Reasons  for  lessening  the  W^arden's 
Allowances  Answer'd. 

Objection  I.  That  it  is  not  reasonable  to  lessen  the  Warden's  Allow- 
ances, and  at  the  same  time  not  lessen  those  of  the  Fellows. 


Appendix  XV.  537 

Answer.  That  the  Fellows  Allowances  pro  Victualibus,  have  been 
lessen'd  one  half  of  what  they  were  about  50  Years  ago ;  but  the 
Warden's  Allowances  pro  vichialibus  have  not  been  lessen'd  within 
that  time,  but  encreas'd. 

That  a  Fellow's  Allowance  pro  victualibus,  not  exceeding  30/.  yearly, 
is  as  little  as  can  be  made  to  a  Person  of  that  Character. 

That  if  a  Fellow's  Allowance  is  lessen'd,  the  Warden's  will  be  so 
too,  who  is  to  have  a  Proportional  Allowance  to  his. 

Objection  II.  That  the  Warden  hath  been  a  great  Benefactor  to  the 
College,  and  therefore  'tis  ungrateful  to  take  any  thing  from  him,  which  his 
Predecessors  have  quietly  enjctyd. 

Answer.    That  Gratitude  cannot  oblige  to  a  Breach  of  Trust. 

That  besides  his  Contribution  to  the  New-School,  which  was  built 
at  the  cost  of  diverse  Contributors,  the  Warden's  Benefactions  have 
been  wholly  to  his  own  Lodgings ;  which  being  made  too  great  for 
that  State  wherein  a  Warden  ought  to  live,  are  a  Burthen,  and  not 
Benefit  to  the  College,  encreasing  the  Charge  of  the  House,  in  the 
Repairs  and  Furniture  of  the  same. 

That  he  hath  withstood  all  such  needful  Regulations  as  the  Fellows 
have  oflFer'd  him  from  time  to  time,  to  prevent  the  great  Wast  of  the 
College  Victualia,  and  to  enable  the  College  to  provide  better  for  the 
Scholars :  by  which  Stiffness  of  the  Warden,  the  College  hath  re- 
ceived great  Damage,  not  less  than  300/.  per  Annum,  which  in  Thirty- 
one  Years,  the  time  he  hath  been  Warden,  amounteth  to  near  loooo/. 


INDEX. 


Aas,  John,  94, 96. 

Abbot,  Archbishop,  inhibits  Imber,  125. 

—  Charles,  the  botanist,  409. 
Achonry,  Bishop  of,  141. 
Ackerman's    History     of     Winchester 

College,  54. 
Adderbury,  church  of,  i6. 
Addington,  Antony,  394. 

—  (Lord  Sidmouth),  394,  416. 
Ad  portas  speeches,  72,  310. 
Ad  quod  damnum,  writ  of,  16. 
Agincourt,  news  of,  177, 

Alb,  white  with  a  cope — temp.  Ed.  VI., 

267, 
Alchin,  W.  H.,  catalogues  library,  169. 
Alice  Perot,  16,  18,  97,  105,  107. 
Alienation  of  land  by  will,  164. 
Alien  Priories,  the,  21. 
All  Cannings,  25. 
Allington  Great  Mead,  25  ;  manor  of, 

165,   168  ;  tenants  restrained  from 

cutting  timber,  319. 
Alresford,  Nicholas  de,  150. 
Altar,  High,  50 ;  inferior,  ib. ;  frontals 

for,  225. 
Alton,  lands  at,  211. 
American  Bible,  371. 
American  Indians,  374. 
Amicabilis  Concordia,  199,  524. 
Andover    Priory,     172;    annexed    to 

College,  174  ;  fire  there,  175 ;  Angel 

Inn  at,  ib. ;  parish  boundaries,  179  ; 

Bill  to  found  anew,  211  ;  chantry  of 

St.  Mary,  280 ;  Callice,  land  so  called, 

ib. ;  Dr.  Goddard's  benefactions  at, 

419. 
Androes,  Warden  of  All  Souls',  159. 
Andwell,   manor  of,  24  ;   repairs  at, 

150 ;  heronshaw  from,  158. 
Annadown,  Bishop  of,  168. 
Annual  payments  by  Commoners,  432 ; 

by  scholars,  ib. 
Aqueduct,  the,  206. 
Arras  and  armour  in    1562,   286;  in 

1581,    292;  in   1587,  294;  in  1599, 


299 ;  in  1632,  319  ;  in  1665,  354 ;  in 

1671,  368. 
Army  clothing  fund,  contribution  to, 

421. 
Arnold,    Robert,    329;     Thomas,    of 

Rugby,  422. 
Arras,  45. 
Arundel,  Archbishop,  his  injunctions, 

155- 
Ashe,  manor  of,  253. 
Ashley,  Mr.,  Dr.   Burton's  assistant, 

393- 
Askham,  John,  has  sons  in  Commoners, 

150. 
Assheborne,     Thomas,     gives     silver 

cups,  235 ;  his  obit,  264. 
Asshewelle,  William,  1 1. 
Aston,  Sir  Richard,  394. 
Audit  room,  45. 
Aumries,  what,  60, 
Austin  Friars,  site  of,  39,  253. 
Awde,  Walter,  66. 
Ayleward,  Thomas,  one  of  Wykeham's 

executors,  155  ;  founds  an  obit,  ib. 

Baiae,  name  for  Bath,  293. 

Bakehouse,  the,  39;  horse  so  called,  286. 

Baker,  Warden,  210, 21 1,  224  ;  a  buyer 
of  land,  210;  builds  Thurbern's 
chantry,  218  ;  his  obit,  265. 

Ball  Court,  368. 

Bancroft,  Archbishop,  his  visitation, 
301 ;  injunctions,  302. 

Bandinel,  Bulkeley,  420. 

Barbaria,  the,  33,  145,  i6i. 

Barnake,  Warden,  228. 

Bamarde,  schoolmaster,  211. 

Barter,  Warden,  426 ;  acquires  site  of 
Commoners,  135 ;  inscription  on 
Crimean  memorial,  60 ;  abolishes 
Sunday  afternoon  attendance  at 
Cathedral,  388. 

Barton,  oratory  of,  200. 

—  John,  108. 

Barystickin  Lane,  349. 


540 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Basing,  Lord,  430. 

Basingstoke,  lands  at,  210. 

Basnage's  History  of  the  Jews,  374. 

Bassett,  Thomas,  his  epitaph,  285. 

Bastarde,  Thomas,  292. 

Bath,  waters,  293,  323  ;  Wykehamist 

physicians  at,  293. 
Bathurst,  family  of,  107  ;  bishop,  108, 

395,  427  ;  archdeacon,  108  ;  Benja- 
min, ib. 
Battels,  arrears  of,  120. 
Bawdekyn,  what,  232. 
Bayley,  Ralph,  293. 
Beaufort,    Cardinal,     his    injunction, 

122;  his  enthronement,  171;  dines 

in  Hall,  ib. ;  gives  silvergilt  image  of 

Our  Lady,  172,  237  ;  obtains  grant  of 

Andover  Priory,  ib. ;  his  obit,  182, 

265. 
Beaumont,  Sir  George,  108. 
Beckington,    Bishop,    151  ;    his   obit, 

264 ;  gives  moiety  of  Allington,  168  ; 

arms,  221. 
Bedell,  John,  the  manciple,  190 ;  his 

chalice,  238  ;  his  obit,  264. 
Bed  time  in  1778,  411. 
Beef,  course  of,  381. 
Beer,  statistics  of  in  1738,  250;  price 

of,  261 ;  excise  on,  133,  334  ;  waste 

of,  375 ;    allowance   of,    376,    381 ; 

bever,  427. 
Beer  stone,  28,  166,  221. 
Beeston,  schoolmaster,   129;  tablet  to 

his  children,  348 ;  Warden  of  New 

College,  363. 
Beggars  at  College,  313. 
Belfry,  the,  62  ;  pulled  down,  219. 
Bells,  the,  62  ;  Cleve's  great  bell,  224 ; 

rung,  369,  373. 
Bentley,  Richard,  322. 
Bethell,Richard,Mayor  of  Winchester, 

240 ;  buys  Hyde  Abbey,  260,  288. 
Bettesworth,  Mr.,  lawsuit  with,  358. 
Betton,  Sir  John,  renews  stained  glass 

in  Chapel,  56. 
Bevis,  Bishop,  314. 
Bible,  the,  to  be  read  aloud  in  Hall, 

80;  an  Indian,  371  ;  Lady  Dorothie 

Stafforde's  copy  of  Crammer's,  116; 

in  Isleworth  Church,  249. 
Bible  Clerk,  his  duties,  411. 
Biddestone   St.  Nicholas,  rectory  of, 

280. 
Bigg,   Warden,  395;   his  attempt  to 

abolish  Masters'  gratuities,  400. 
Billeting  troops,  cost  of,  332. 
Bilson,  schoolmaster,  20;  first  married 

warden,  35 ;  Garnet's   alleged  plot 

against,  288  ;  career,  291. 
Bingham,  Canon,  108. 


Bishopstoke  pension,  147  ;  rectory,  25. 

Bisse,  PhiHp,  108. 

Blackfriars,  site  of,  253. 

Blackstone,  Charles,  10,  84,  184,  394; 
Sir  William,  draws  Dr.  Taylor's  will, 
389  ;  his  delicacy  about  fees,  ib.  ;  an 
opinion  of  his,  402 ;  great  uncle  of 
Dr.  Williams,  424. 

Blandford,  halting  place  on  progress, 
360  ;  fire  at,  ib. 

Boarding  houses,  the,  135  ;  vacancies 
in,  431,  432. 

Bogey  hole,  60. 

Bolney,  family  of,  96,  529. 

Boniface  IX.,  Bulls  of,  4,  5,  6,  84, 

Books,  not  to  be  parted  with,  89 ; 
purchased,  306,  309,  314,  320,  324, 
33^,  346,  351 ;  acquired  through 
Cromwell,  345;  catalogued  by 
Alchin,  169. 

Books-chambers,  407  ;  hours  of,  411. 

Botes,  manor  of,  19. 

Botetourt,  Lord,  413. 

Botley,  tenement  at,  211. 

Bouke,  Warden,  his  brass,  34a. 

Boulogne,  siege  of,  260. 

Boulton,  A.  L.,  170. 

Bowles,  the  poet,  409. 

Bowling  green,  the,  332. 

Boy-bishop,  the,  90. 

Bradford  Peverel,  advowson  of,  25. 

Brasses,  renewed  by  Dr.  Freshfield, 
54  ;  state  of  in  1670,  342. 

Brathwaite,  Warden,  385,  387. 

Bread,  allowance  of,  382 ;  cast  of, 
what,  ib. 

Bretagne  and  Flanders,  Duke  of,  146. 

Brewer,  agreement  with,  376. 

Brewhouse,  the,  34. 

Bridecake,  Archdeacon,  376. 

Brinton,  Bishop  Thomas  de,  3,  15. 

Bromfield,  John  Trenchard,  75. 

Browne,  Sir  Thomas,  310. 

Bryan,  Philip,  95,  295. 

Buckingham,  Marquess  of,  his  regi- 
ment of  militia,  418. 

Buckland,  Dean,  420  ;  Frank,  ib. 

Budd,  punishment  of,  418. 

Buff"  coat,  purchase  of,  354. 

Builders'  prices  in  1658,  349. 

Bulls,  of  Boniface  IX.,  4 ;  of  Urban  VI,, 
3,6. 

Burghley,  Lord,  High  Steward,  283, 
284. 

Bursars,  the,  79,  338;  the  first,  137, 
144. 

Bursary,  the,  33. 

Bursledon,  tithe  of,  25. 

Burt,  schoolmaster,  348 ;  warden,  ib. 

Burton,  Dr.,  108 ;  opens  new  board- 


Index. 


541 


ing  house,  133;  builds  Commoners, 
133 ;  portraits  of  his  pupils,  134  ; 
founds  Fox  and  Burton  exhibitions, 
390 ;  Eyre's  grievance  against,  39a  ; 
gives  a  fire-engine,  394. 

Butter  and  cheese,  to  be  allowed  for 
breakfast,  403. 

Buttes,  manor  of,  i8a. 

Cabbages,  first  mention  of,  369. 
Caecubum,   name    for   Spanish  wine, 

299. 
Camoys,  Sir  Hugh,  17. 

—  Hill,  lawsuit  about,  358. 
Campeden,  John  de,  23,  66. 
Camperdown,  battle  off,  421. 
Capel,  Lord,  of  Hadeham,  119. 
Capels,  the,  1 19. 

Carman,  the  chaplain,  129 ;  his  death 

foretold,  373. 
Carmelites,     agreement    with,     160 ; 

precinct  of,  253. 
Castlehaven,   Earl  of,   his   leave  out 

letter,  372. 
Cast,  a,  of  bread,  382. 
Catechism,  instruction  in,  338. 
Cauliflowers,  first  mention  of,  369. 
Cause  money,  383. 
Cedula,  what,  48. 

Cellar,  the,  44 ;  wine-cellar,  the.  53. 
Chale  Down,  chapel  on  top  of,  212. 
Chamber  Court,  35. 
Chamberlayne,  his  speech,  413. 
Chambers,  35,  37 ;  chimneys  in,  190 ; 

fires  in,  394,  425;  stone  basins  in, 

426. 
Chambre,  Roger  de  le,  3. 
Champneys,  Agnes,  18. 
Chandler,  tallow  for  the,  357. 

—  Richard,  194,  395 ;  Dean,  420. 
Chantry,    Fromond's,    166;    becomes 

library,  169 ;  visited  by  George  III., 

413- 

—  Thurbem's,  aiB;  coat  armour  in, 
221. 

—  Wykeham's,  159,  353. 

—  St.  Mary's,  Andover,  280. 
Chapel,  46 ;  services  in,  86 ;  seats,  ib. ; 

consecration  of,  141 ;  expenses  of, 
144, 159,  225,  343 ; inventory  of con- 
tents of,  323, 340 ;  attendance  at,  323. 

Chaplains,  their  chamber,  38 ;  appoint- 
ment of,  77  ;  commons  of,  80  ; 
stipends  of,  84  ;  duties  of,  338. 

Chard,  Dr.,  59. 

Charles  I.  nominates  scholars,  73  ;  his 
protection  sought  for  College,  332  ; 
his  grocer,  335  ;  plate  given  to,  340. 

Charles  \\.  nominates  scholars,  73; 
Ken  attends,  345  ;  his  charter,  353 ; 


visits  Winchester,  369 ;  subscribes 
to  rebuilding  St,  Paul's,  369 ;  begins 
King's  House,  370  ;  nominates 
Appleford,  ib. 

Charnell,  the,  211. 

Chamock,  Sir  Villiers,  108. 

Charter,  of  Foundation,  3 ;  of  appro- 
priation, 14;  of  Privileges,  25,  26; 
of  Henry  IV.,  ib. ;  of  Henry  V., 
173;  of  Henry  VI.,  320;  of  Edward 
IV.,  26,  174;  of  the  Parliament,  26; 
of  Charles  II.,  26,  352. 

Charterhouse,  the  rebellion  at,  424, 

Chaundler,  Warden,  209  ;  MS.  Lijfe  of 
Wykehant  attributed  to  him,  62 ;  his 
obit,  265. 

Cheriton  Down,  battle  of,  332. 

Cheyney,  Dean,  his  legacy,  400. 

—  schoolmaster,  373,  390. 

—  Court,  38,  314 ;  gaol  of.  44, 330,  428. 
Chichele,  Archbishop,  178. 

Chief  rent  to  Dean  and  Chapter,  12. 

—  to  City  of  Winchester,  249. 
Choir  School,  38. 

Cholera,  precautions  against,  425. 
Choristers,   38,  78 ;  gown  cloth,  165  ; 

duties,  339, 351 ;  from  Cathedral,  389. 
Church  accommodation,  outlay  on,  426. 
Churcheatts,  what,  19. 
Church  money,  383. 
Church  plate,  inventory  of,  235  ;  seized 

under  Edward  VI.,  239. 
Chute,  Edward,  357. 

—  Challoner,  ib. 

—  John,  358. 

—  C.  W.,  430. 

Cibber,  Caius  Gabriel,  346. 

—  Colley,  ib. 

—  Lewis,  108,  346. 

—  Theophilus,  346. 

Cistern  House  and  Chapel,  134. 
Clarendon,  Earl  of,  349. 
Clarke,  Jeremiah,  59. 
Claviger,  oflSce  of,  338. 
Clericus  computi,  oflBce  of,  33. 
Cleve,  Warden,  224  ;  vestments,  231 ; 

obit,  265. 
Clochier,  the,  63. 
Clock,  the,  63. 
Cloisters,   the,  63 ;   consecration    of, 

141 ;  repairs  of,  185,  190. 
Cloister-time,  what,  63. 
Cloth  for  gowns,  85. 
Clyff,  William,  64,  165,  235. 
Coals,  pit,  first  mention  of,  36a  ;  price 

of,  362,  376. 
Cobb,  Warden,  389,  397. 
Cobbett,  William,  his  prejudice  against 

tea,  427. 
Cobden,  Dr.,  his  exhibition,  37a. 


542 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Coke,  the  Town  Clerk,  242. 
Coker,  John,  108. 

—  Cadwallader,  392. 
Colborne  (Lord  Seaton),  415, 
Cole,  Warden,  228. 

College  seal,  87,  286 ;  mill,  243. 

Colley,  Edward,  346. 

Collins,  the  poet,  394. 

Colman,  brass  pot  so  called,  41,  161. 

Colpays,  Robert,  262,  265. 

Colthrop,  manor  of,  252  ;  lease  of,  284. 

Commensales,  112  ;  extra  Collegium, 

120,  123. 
Commoners,  109  ;  number  at  different 

times,  128  ;  portraits  of  Dr.  Burton's, 

134  ;  to  pay  for  their  commons,  305  ; 

fees  of,  384;  annual  payments  by, 

432  ;  admission  of,  ib. 

—  (New),  135,  426;  purchase  of  site, 
321,  340. 

—  (Old),  134. 

Commons,    80,    3225    in    1482,    223; 

improvement  in  171 1,  379. 
Computus  rolls,  137. 
Conducts,  70. 

Conduit,  the,  41 ;  new,  426. 
Consecration  of  chapel,  47  ;  rule  as  to, 

ib.  ;  of  cloisters,  141. 
Conventicles,  statute  against,  82. 
Coombe  Bisset,  manor  of,  18 ;  repairs 

at,  150. 
Cooper,     Bishop,     renews     lease    of 

Ropley,    20 ;     his    order     limiting 

number  of  founder's  kin,  104. 
Corn  rents,  283. 
Cornewall,  Speaker,  374. 

—  Captain  Wolfram,  ib. 
Coryat,  George,  290. 

—  Thomas,  ib. 

Coventre,  William,  a  benefactor,  185. 

Cowdray,  John,  bears  news  of  Agin- 
court,  177. 

Coxe,  Joseph,  gives  tankards,  415. 

Coxed,  Warden,  395. 

Cracks  in  ancient  fabric,  420. 

Cradock,  public  orator,  350. 

Craggs,  Secretary,  his  letter,  387. 

Cranlegh,  Thomas  de,  3,  ii. 

Cranmer,  his  mandate,  49 ;  his  visita- 
tion, 244;  copies  of  his  bible,  116,  249. 

Crawley,  scholars  sent  to,  355. 

Crimean  memorial,  60. 

Cromwell, 01iver,occupies  Winchester, 
333  i  books  acquired  through  him, 
345  j  petition  to,  in  favour  of  Burt,348w 

—  Thomas,  his  visitation,  244. 
Crowe,  William,  398. 
Crown  Inn,  site  of,  38. 

Danvers,  Dame  Joan,  265. 


D'Arcey,  Richard,  schoolmaster,  188. 

Daubeny,  Archdeacon,  398. 

Day  boys,  122  ;  cease  to  be  taken,  134. 

Deal,  first  mention  of,  347. 

Deane,  Mr.,  a  brewer,  421. 

Decanter,  first  mention  of,  390. 

Defence  of  kingdom,  subscription  for, 
421. 

Dene,  Richard,  schoolmaster,  213,  229. 

Deodands,  26. 

Deverose,  Thomas  and  Agnes,  10, 
179,  187. 

Dibdin,  Charles,  390. 

Dispensation  from  salt  fish  on  Wed- 
nesdays, 281. 

Dispers,  what,  382,  427. 

Distributio  pauperibus,  299,  301,  306, 

310,   313,  323,  330,  331.  332,  335, 
369,  409. 

Dobson,    Warden,    founds    superan- 
nuates' fund,  390. 
Dobbins,  Guy,    his    son's    commons, 

121 ;  builds  new  rooms,  128. 
Dogger's  Close,  252. 
Doglas  cloth,  225. 
Dogs,  not  to  be  kept,  82. 
Domum,  author  and  composer  of,  59, 

184. 
Donatus,  grammar  of,  71. 
Downton,  rectory  of,  3,  14,  r6;  repairs 

at,    158  ;    lease    to    Wilkes,    282 ; 

forgery  at,  291. 
Drew  the  cellarer,  9. 
Duke  of  Bretagne  and  Flanders,  his 

visit,  146. 
Dumere's  or  Dummer's  Meade,  7. 
Duncans,  the,  of  New  College,  415. 
Dupaizy,  a   French  Protestant,    369 ; 

his  sons  in  Commoners,  130. 
Durrington,  manor  of,  19 ;  repairs  at, 

150 ;  stocks  at,  425. 

Earles,  Bishop,  306. 

Easthall,  manor  of,  23. 

East  Tisted,  farms  at,  210. 

East  Worldham,  farms  at,  211. 

'  Ecclesia,'  for  chapel,  244. 

Ecton,  John,author  oi  Liber  Valorum, 

130- 

Ede,  Stephen,  his  obit,  191,  265. 

Edward  IV.  sends  lion,  214 ;  his  visit 
to  College,  ib. 

—  VI ,  his  Commissioners  seize 
Church  plate,  239 ;  seize  College 
plate,  241 ;  gives  manors  in  lieu  of 
Enford,  253 ;  his  injunctions  of  1547, 
262 ;  his  act  abolishing  obits,  264 ; 
cries  down  money,  267  ;  'ymages* 
destroyed  under,  49;  altar  de- 
molished under,  51. 


Index. 


543 


Edyngdon,  Bishop,   owner  of  Meon- 

stoke  Ferrand,  ao ;  Wykeham  proxy 

for,  ib. 
Election,  the,  of  scholars,  76,  77 ;  of 

fellows,  77  ;  of  Warden,  ib. 
Election  Chamber,  35 ;  visit  of  George 

III.  to,  413. 
Election  cup,  329. 
Eling,  manor  of,  16;  mill  and  cause- 

way,  186. 
Elizabeth,    Queen,    renews    lease  of 

Ropley,   20 ;    visits    College,  a8o ; 

squeezes  the  society,  282. 
Emblems,  Wykehamical,  365. 
Enford,  manor  of,  252 ;  recovered  by 

Culpeper,  254. 
Entrance  examination,  subjects  of,  431. 
Erie,  Sir  William,  restores  reredos,52, 

54 ;   gives  window,    166 ;  admitted 

to  College,  422 ;  his  brother  Peter,  ib. 
Erlisman,  schoolmaster,  221,  241. 
Eton  College,  statutes  of,  65  ;  building 
,    of,     193 ;     foundations       of,     193 ; 

Wayneflete's  consecration  at,  203 ; 

Eton  boys  204,281 ;  masters'  incomes 

in  1740,  401 ;  rebellions  at,  405,423. 
Evered,   choolmaster,  245,  276. 
Examinations,     entrance,     431 ;     for 

scholarships  and  exhibitions,  ib. 
Exeter,  Duke  of,  visits  College,  178. 
Exhibitions,  390, 429, 430 ;  minor,  432. 
Eyre,  Dr.,  the  usher,  133,  392  ;  founds 

superannuates'      fund,      390;      his 

grievance,  392. 

Fabric,  maintenance  of,  88;    cost  of, 

151 ;  settlements  in,  420. 
Falcon  Inn,  Kingsclere,  215. 
Fanstone's  forgeries,  291. 
Fell,  Dr.  Samuel,  333. 

—  John,  A. 

—  Philip,  ib. 

Fellow  Commoners,  211. 

Fellows,  election  of,  77 ;  obedience  to 
Warden,  78;  regulations  touching, 
82-84  ;  marriage  of,  83 ;  removal  of, 
84  ;when  first  admitted,  143;  allow- 
ances, 322 ;  duties  of,  337. 

Fellows'  common  room,  39. 

Felons' goods,right  of  College  to,26,328. 

Female  servants  not  allowed,  92. 

—  guests  in  Hall,  187. 
Fen,  John,  276. 
Femshamsdean,  manor  of,  19. 
Fernhill,  manor  of,  165,  t68. 
Ferrum,  a  book  on  grammar,  67. 
Fescam,  schoolmaster,  226. 
Fiennes,  family  of,  97. 

—  Richard,  ib. 

—  Nathaniel,  330. 


Fine,  a  fictitious  action,  jo. 

Fines,  statute  of,  10, 

Finkley,  a  purlieu  of  Andover,  179. 

Fir  timber,  first  mention  of,  347. 

Fire  in  Third  Chamber,  394 ;  in  First, 

394.  425- 
Fire-engine,  Dr.  Burton's,  395. 
Fire  insurance,  395, 
First  of  June,  celebration  of,  421. 
Flanders  tiles,  145. 
Flandrestiel,  what,  145. 
Flatman,  Thomas,  343. 
Flemyng,  Chief  Justice,  283. 
Fleshmonger,  Dean,  gives  bedsteads, 

36  ;  gives  panelling  of  Hall,  43  ;  his 

bedsteads  burnt,  425. 
Fletcher,  Bishop,  386. 
Floodstock,  the,  position  of,  10. 
Forks,  use  of,  294. 
Founder,    the,    his     object,    i,    433 ; 

portrait  of,  43 ;  Cibber's  statue  of, 

346 ;  *  founder's  spoone,'  358. 
Founder's   kin,  70,  93;  allowance  to 

when   sick,    83 ;     names    of,    106 ; 

privilege  abolished,  428. 
Fox,  Bishop,  renews  lease  of  Ropley, 

20. 
Fox,  Bohun,  founds  exhibitions,  390. 
Fox,  a,  kept  in  College,  341. 
Frampton  the  brewer,  331,  333. 
Franklin,  Sir  John,  106. 
Free    Education,   Wykeham's   object, 

h  433- 
Free  School  Charity,  385. 
French,    expected    landing    of,    156 ; 

invasion  of  Russia,  425. 
Freshfield,   Dr.,  gives  brasses,  54  ;  a 

member  of  governing  body,  430. 
Fromond,  John,  his  chantry,  32,  45, 

166;  steward  of  the  manors,   157; 

his    godchild,    163 ;    his   will,    164 ; 

founds  chantry,  165  ;  his  obit,  265. 
Fromond,  Maud,  163,  164,  166;  gives 

stones  and  gear  of  mill,  168. 
Frye,  surname  of  husband  of  Wyke- 
ham's sister,  17. 
Fussell,  James,  59. 

Gabell,  Dr.,  132  ;  rents  Commoners, 
134 ;  his  career,  422 ;  quells  re- 
bellion of  1818,  423 ;  his  views  on 
expulsion,  424. 

Galleries,  a  feature  in  original  fabric, 
37  ;  Warden's,  33,  413. 

Garbett,  Mr.,  his  report  on  roof  of 
Hall,  42. 

Garden,  expenses  of,  185,  297-319. 

Gardiner,  Bishop,  243 ;  grants  lease  of 
Stoke  Park,  262. 

Garnet,  Henry,  288. 


544 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Garnish  of  pewter,  what,  296. 
Gas,  laid  on  at  College,  426. 
Gatesdene,  Sir  John  de,  17. 
Gauntlett,  Warden,  396. 
Geese,  first  mention  of,  277. 
George  III.,  visit  of,  412  ;  jubilee  of, 

425- 

Giffard,  Lord  Justice,  425. 

Gispins,  what,  44,  227 ;  number  of, 
411. 

Goddard,  Dr.,  132 ;  abolishes  gratuities, 
402  ;  his  career,  419  ;  portraits  of,  ib. 

'  Goddards,'  what,  222. 

Golding,  Warden,  398. 

Goleigh,  purchase  of,  210. 

•  Gomer,'  what,  85. 

'Gordon's,'  lands  so  called,  38.' 

Gospel,  the,  read  in  Hall,  81. 

Governing  body,  the,  135  ;  establish- 
ment of,  430 ;  members  of,  ib. 

Gown  cloth,  allowance  of,  85. 

Grand  Jury,  present  College  for  dis- 
affection, 386. 

Gratuities  to  masters,  Bigg's  attempt 
to  abolish,  400;  electors'  attempt, 
402 ;  Dr.  Goddard  abolishes,  403  ; 
to  Eton  Masters,  401. 

Greek  beggars,  297,  301,  306,  310, 
323  ;  archbishops,  297,  306,  349. 

Grenegyngyver,  172,  181. 

Grent,  Thomas,  106,  296. 

Gresham,  Sir  John,  243. 

Grey  Friars,  site  of,  253. 

Groceries  in  1568,  289. 

Grocyn,  the  Grecian,  212. 

Grove,  Bishop,  334. 

Groves,  Dean,  310. 

Gunner,  Rev.  W.  H.,  40. 

Guns,  purchase  of,  213,  294. 

Gynnore,  John,  his  obit,  265. 

Hacket,  Mr.,  letter  to,  317. 

Hall,  the,  43 ;  order  of  sitting  in,  80  ; 

theatricals    in,    287 ;    riot    in,    ib. ; 

under-pinning  of,  420 ;  tables  in,  44, 

306. 
Hall,    Peter,   his   MS.  long-roll,  417, 

423,  424. 
Hall  Place,  manor  of,  248. 
Halland,  manor  of,  182. 
Hamble,    church   and   manor  of,   24 ; 

corrody,  159;  French  expected  at, 

156. 
Hampton,  James,  394. 
Hampton-on-Thames,  church  of,  23  ; 

given  to   Henry  VHI.,  251  ;   John 

Uvedale,  vicar  of,  187. 
Hanoverian  rats,  395. 
Harcourt,  Sir  Simon,  117. 
Hardyng,  Thomas,  276. 


Harmar,  Warden,  298. 

Harmondsworth,  church  of,  24  ;  re- 
pairs at,  150 ;  new  chancel,  152  ; 
strike  of  tenants  at,  211 ;  given  to 
Henry  VHI.,  251. 

Harpysfields,  the,  223. 

Harris,  James,  120. 

—  John,  53. 

—  Renatus,  58,  344. 

—  Richard,  370. 

—  Thomas,  58. 

—  Walter,  106,  355. 

—  Warden,  316,  317,  337,  339. 

—  William,  53,  350,  363. 
Hartham,  rectory  of,  280. 
Hatches,  the,  44. 
Hatherley,  Lord,  423. 
Hats,  not  to  be  worn,  411. 
Hawkbroke,   the  usher,   difficulty    in 

filling  his  place,  218. 

Hawkley  mill,  280. 

Hay  in  Meads,  311. 

Haydon,  Benjamin,  308  ;  his  son  in 
Commoners,  121. 

Hayter,  Sir  W.  G.,  422. 

Hayward,  Warden,  399,  403. 

Hearse,  meaning  of  word,  353. 

Heath,  John,  290. 

Heathcote,  Archdeacon,  59,  409  ;  Sub- 
warden,  8,  410. 

Heete,  Robert,  28  ;  his  copy  of 
statutes,  68  ;  his  life  of  Wykeham, 
ib.  ;  his  library,  69 ;  gives  candle- 
sticks, 50;  crosier  for  boy-bishop,  91. 

Heigham,  Roger,  325. 

Henry  IV.,  visit  of,  147. 

Henry  V.  at  Winchester,  176;  his 
charter  of  Andover,  173. 

Henry  VI.  transcribes  statutes,  65  ; 
his  frequent  visits  to  College,  192  ; 
stays  at  Wolvesey,  194 ;  his  gifts, 
ib.  ;  vestments,  230 ;  dines  in 
Election  Chamber,  413. 

Henry  VIII.  visits  Wolvesey,  245  ; 
his  exchange  with  the  College,  251 ; 
besieges  Boulogne,  260;  death  of, 
262. 

Herbert,  Chief  Justice,  349. 

Herton,  Richard,  2,  122. 

Heston,  church  of,  23;  repairs  at, 
150;  given  to  Henry  VIII.,  251. 

Heydocke,  Richard,  290. 

High  Steward,  place  of,  283,  284,  319. 

Hills,  what  happened  to  Moody  on, 
406;  scholars  go  to,  411,  421; 
planted  with  trees,  413 ;  prescriptive 
right  to,  421 ;  games  played  on,  422. 

Hilsea,  tithe  of,  307. 

Hoadley,  Bishop,  rejects  Purnell,  398. 

Hodges,  Dr.,  his  work  in  library,  169. 


Index. 


545 


Hodson,  Edmund,  his   epitaph,  280 ; 

legacy  to  poor  scholars,  ib. 
Holidays,  note  on,  138 ;  introduced  by 

More,  229. 
Holies,  Secretary,  withdraws  a  King's 

letter,  75. 
HoUoway,  Mr.  Justice,  327. 
Holy  Communion  in  Warden  Love's 

time,  309 ;  in  Ken's  time,  344  ;  how 

often  to  be  administered,  433 ;  ofiBce 

of,  267. 
Holy  Trinity,  monastery  of,  at  Rouen, 

24. 
Homilies,  Cranmer's,  purchased,  267. 
Hops  in  Meads,  250,  311;  price  of,  251. 
Horeman,  William,  schoolmaster,  226. 
Hornchurch,  25. 
Horses,  price  of  in  1393,  141 ;  in  1398, 

145 ;    in    1430  and    1440,    191  ;    in 

1564-5,286;  pairof,  for  Beaufort,  i8i. 
Hoskyns,  Serjeant,  290. 
Hostiarius,  70,  79. 
Houghton,  Prebendary,  350. 
Household  stuff,  inventory  of  in  1412, 

160. 
Hovvley,    Archbishop,    415 ;    founds 

Moberly  Library,  427. 
Huddesford,  George,  404. 
Huet  or  Hewet,  first  usher,  67,  160. 
Hulse,  Andrew,  his  chanti-y,  156 ;  obit, 

265 ;  vestments,  230,  231 ;  silver  cup, 

235- 

Humphrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  peti- 
tion to,  174 ;  his  inspeximus  of 
Charter  of  Henry  V.,  ib. 

Hunt,  the  public,  313  ;  scholars  at,  ib. 

Huntborne,  manor  of,  25. 

Huntingford,  Warden,  Commoner 
tutor,  405,416 ;  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
ib. ;  of  Hereford,  ib. ;  punishes  Budd, 
418. 

Hursley,  Wardens  meet  at,  356. 

Hutt,  Mr.  William,  59. 

Hyde  Abbey,  288. 

—  (Lord  Clarendon),  349. 

—  the  schoolmaster,  276. 

—  Bishop,  306. 
Hylle,  Thomas,  52. 

Images  in  roodloft,  48  ;  destroyed,  49  ; 
in  reredos,  52  ;  for  vestments,  249. 

Imber,  John,  124. 

Incense  in  Chapel,  249,  357. 

Indian  Bible,  371 ;  chiefs,  visit  of,  374, 

Informator,  70,  79. 

Ingepenne,  John,  an. 

Injunctions  of  Archbishop  Arundel, 
155 ;  of  Edward  VI.,  262  ;  of  Arch- 
bishop Bancroft,  30a  ;  of  Archbishop 
Laud,  320. 


Innkeeper's  lien,  case  of,  286. 

Inoculation  for  small-pox,  371. 

Inventories  enjoined,  87, 156 ;  of  1412, 
160;  of  chapel  in  1636,  323  ;  in  1649, 
341 ;  of  vestments,  &c.  in  1525,  229; 
of  plate  given  by  Wykeham,  154. 

Iron  nails,  price  of,  221,  227. 

Isabel  de  Foxcote,  her  excommunica- 
tion, 196. 

Isle  of  Wight,  camp  in,  in  1544,  260. 

Isleworth,  church  of,  23 ;  repairs  at, 
150 ;  given  in  exchange  to  Henry 
VIII.,  252  ;  bible  for,  249, 

Ive,  William,  schoolmaster,  ai  i ; 
officiates  at  the  Chamell,  an. 

Jacks,  leathern,  227. 

James  I.,  his  injunction,  300. 

James  II.,  nominates  scholars,  74. 

James,  Thomas,  294. 

James'  powder,  to  whom  fatal,  386. 

Janyn,  Bishop,  195. 

Jenkinson,  Major,  374 ;  Sir  Robert,  ib. 

Jews,  Basnage's  History  of,  374. 

Joan,   Queen,   pension   to,   173,    174  ; 

visits  College,  178. 
Johnson,  Dr.,  visits  Winchester,  414. 
Jolliffe,  family  of,  219. 
Jonson,Christopher,  schoolmaster,  284. 

—  George,  his  irregularity  in  attend- 
ance at  Chapel,  320. 

Katherine,  St.,   chapel  of,  on  Chale 

Down,  212. 
Keate,  Dr.,  of  Eton,  423. 
Keats,  Admiral,  408. 
Ken,  Bishop,  37,  119,   292,  344;  his 

organ,  344. 
Kent,  James,  59. 

—  Simon,  182 ;  his  son  the  scholar,  7a, 
182. 

Keswyke,  John,  his  obit,  265. 
Keton,  John,  66. 

—  Robert,  ib. 
Kettlebell,  the,  6a, 
Keyt,  the  sacrist,  244. 

King's  College,  Cambridge,  roof  of 
chapel,  47;  Provost  of,  430. 

King's  College,  London,  subscription 
to  building  fund,  424, 

King's  letters,  73. 

Kitchen,  the,  39. 

KnoUys,  T.  W.,  his  letter  describing 
a  rebellion  in  1774,  404. 

Knyghte,  Bishop,  223. 

La  Croix,  supplies  tea,  427. 
Lake,  Bishop,  29a,  301. 
Land  and  stock  leases,  88. 
Land,  power  to  devise  by  will,  164. 


Nn 


546 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Langton,  Bishop,  his  visitation,  226. 
Latin,   importance  of  in  Wykeham's 

opinion,  3  ;  Bursars',  138  ;  scholars 

vow  to  talk,  325. 
Laud,    Archbishop,     his    injunctions, 

320 ;  adjudicates  on  Edward  Wyk- 

ham's  petition,  104. 
Laus,  William,  his  obit,  265. 
Lavender,  meaning  of  word,  427. 

—  Mead,  145,  427. 
Lavie,  Sir  Thomas,  409. 
Lavington,  Bishop,  373. 
Lavyngton,  Thomas,  9. 
Lawrence,  French,  408. 

Lay  clerks,  70,  84,  141,  143,  338. 

Lead,  cast  better  than  milled,  62. 

Leases,  land  and  stock, 88;  length  of, 86, 

Leasing  powers,  86. 

Lectern,  the,  54. 

Lee,  Harry,  399 ;  Warden,  ib. 

—  Warden  Godfrey  BoUes,  429. 
Leicester,  Earl  of,  293. 

Leigh,  Peter,  399. 
Lenten  diet,  what,  261. 
Leveson-Gower,  G.  W.  G.,  48,  iii. 
Lewis,  the  French  prisoner,  177,  189, 

190. 
Lewis,  Monk,  cause  of  his  death,  386, 
Lewse,  Owen,  276. 
Library,  169,  371;  book  of  donations 

to,  169,  345  ;  visited  by  George  IIL, 

413- 
Library,  School,  133,  427. 
Litigious  tailor,  tale  of  the,  10,  11. 
Liverpool,  Earl  of,  374. 
Lloyd,  Hugh,  schoolmaster,  298. 
Locke,  Mr.,  33. 
Lockburn,  the,  8,  34. 
London,  Dr.  John,  227. 

—  Bishop  of,  430. 
Long,  Benjamin,  59. 

—  Hills,  graves  in,  356. 

—  roll,  the  earliest,  128 ;  of  1690,  ib. ; 
Peter  Hall's,  417,  423,  424. 

—  Load,  manor  of,  253,  254,  256. 
Love,  Warden,  32,  308. 

—  Nicholas,  308,  334,  336. 
Lowth,  Bishop,  390. 
Lucas,  Thomas,  9. 
Lydiat,  Thomas,  293. 

—  Richard,  386. 
Lymington  salt,  289. 
Lyndeshall,  manor  of,  23. 
Lyra,  de,  341. 

Magdalen   College,  fund  for  relief  of 

scholars  of,  369. 
Magdalen  Hospital,  31. 
Major  and  minor,  112,  115. 
MaJe  servants,  92. 


Malet,  Sir  Alexander,  423. 
Manningford  Bruce,  25. 
Manningham,  Bishop,  349. 
Mansel,  Bishop,  416. 
Mant,  Bishop,  417. 

Mareys,  John,  vicar  of  Andover,  i8g. 
Marching  watch,  310. 
Marshall,  John,  276. 

—  George,  Warden  of  New  College, 

337,  348. 
Marsworth  rent  charge,  280. 
Martyn,  Henry,  290. 

—  Peter,  35. 

Mary,  Queen,  altars  rebuilt  under,  51 ; 

her  marriage,  277. 
Masters'  boarding  houses,  135. 
Masters,  present  number  of,  433. 
Mather,  Increase,  his  letter,  371. 
Maydenheath,  Dr.,  155. 
Mayhew,  President,  228,  235. 
Maze  on  Hills,  422. 
Membury,  Simon,  55,  138,  145,  151. 
Meonstoke,  manor  of,  20 ;   Diford,  a 

copyholder  of,  158. 
Merstone,  manor  of,  210. 
Merydith,  Dean,  289. 
Mews,    Bishop,    the    manner  of   his 

death,  373. 
Milborne  Port,  manor  of,  252. 
Miller,  Dean,  398. 
Milton,  John,  the  schoolmaster,  31. 
Minterne,  manor  of,  253,  254,  256. 
Moberly,  Dr.,  132,  135. 

—  Library,  site  of,  133,  136 ;  founded 
by  Archbishop  Howley,  427. 

Mont  St.  Bernard,  hospital  on,  23,  25. 

—  St.  Katherine,  monastery  on,  5,  24. 
Moody,  a  junior,  405  ;  his  treatment, 

406. 
More,  Warden,  229. 

—  Dr.  John,  327. 
Morland,  Sir  Samuel,  324. 
Morley,  Bishop,  gives  oaks,  368. 
Mortuaries,   what,    195 ;   case   of,    at 

Andover,  196. 
Morys,  Warden,  26,  31,  67,  122,  137, 

139.  145,  155,  158,  161,  265. 
Moundsmere,  manor  of,  252,  254,  256 ; 

buildings  at,  259,  277,  355  ;  scholars 

sent  there,  259. 
Munden,  John,  279. 
Mutton,  allowance  of,  382. 

Nails,  iron,  prices  of,  227. 

Needs,  the  prophet,  373. 

Netley,  tithe  of,  25. 

Neville,  Alice,  Countess  of  Salisbury, 
168. 

Newbury,  paving  tile  from,  159 ;  elec- 
tion held  at,  356 ;  hostelry  at,  72. 


Index. 


547 


Newcastle,  Duchess  of,  354. 

New    College,    election    to,   71,    7a  ; 

scholarships  at,  428. 
Newdegate,  Serjeant,  329. 
Nicholas,  John,  363. 

—  Matthew,  ib. 

—  Sir  Edward,  ib. 

—  Warden,  33,  363  ;  builds  Garden 
front  of  lodgings,  33  ;  alterations  in 
chapel,  53, 363  ;  fills  up  a  fellowship 
without  notice,  374  ;  his  allowances, 
ib. ;  appoints  Harris  steward,  370 ; 
appeals  to  Visitor,  376, 395. 

Nomination  system,  76. 

Non  licet  gate,  199. 

Norris,  John,  the  English   Platonist, 

358. 
North  Bradley,  253,  254,  256,  398, 
Norton,  Sir  Daniel,  307. 
Nowell's  Catechism,  338. 
Nutting  money,  383. 
Nyghtyngale,  William,  his  obit,  37. 

Oades,  Roger,  347,  355. 

Obits  abolished,  264 ;  list  of,  ib. 

Ogle,  Sir  William,  333,  340. 

Old  Barge,  tolls  on,  29. 

Oldys,  Archdeacon,  106. 

Opening  Day,  30,  137. 

Oppidans,  124, 

Organs,  34,  56 ;  Ken's,  344 :  organists, 
58. 

Oselbury,  Nicholas,  131. 

Osenbrygge,  for  table  cloths,  294. 

Ostiarius,  the,  his  duties,  411. 

Oterbornesmede,  7,  11,  12. 

Otterborne,  Wykeham's  estate  at, 
184  ;  meadows  at,  262. 

Outer  Court,  34  ;  screen  in,  35 ;  com- 
pleted, 147. 

Outer  Gate,  30,  32. 

Outrider,  his  duties,  338. 

Owdall,  Nicholas,  228. 

Owen,  John,  292. 

Oxford  University  Commission,  sta- 
tutes of,  421. 

Oysters  from  Hamble,  159 ;  tribute  to 
monks  of  St.  Swithun,  ib. ;  warden's 
allowance  of,  321. 

Oyster  cloths,  294. 

Packer,  John,  358. 

Padworth,  manor  of,  147. 

Panch,  a,  what,  347. 

Pandoxatorium,  what,  227. 

Paradise,  where,  35. 

Parker,  Archbishop,  his  dispensation, 

281  ;  sends  Boxall  to  prison,  279. 
Parliament,  charter   of,   in   1649,  26; 

visitation  of,  336,  342. 


Parliamentarian  officer,  the,  330. 
Parsonage  houses,  outlay  on,  426. 
Patriarch  of  Dorchester,  the,  293,  337. 
Pauldron,  what,  319. 
Pavyngtiel  from  Newbury,  159. 
Payne,  Canon,  108, 
Peachman,  Thomas,  350. 
Pedigree,     the     Founder's,    107 ;    of 

Richard   Fiennes,  97,   106 ;  of  the 

Wykhams  of  Swalcliffe,  105. 
Peirce,  Dr.  John,  293. 
Pensioner,  a,  what,  in. 
Perot,  William  and  Agnes,  17, 18, 103, 

105 ;  arms  of,  99. 
Perrers,  Alice,  21,  127. 
Petty  Wales,  rent  charge  so  called, 

229. 
Pew,  his  paper  of  fellows'  allowances, 

322. 
Pewter,  price  of,  285,  296. 
Phelps,    Richard,    his   objections    to 

Warden  Lee's  election,  399. 
Philip  of  Spain  at  Winchester,  277. 
Philips,  the  poet,  372. 
Philpot,  Archdeacon,  241. 
Pickaver,  Mr.,  58. 
Pickwick,  William,  419. 
Piddletrenthide,  manor  of,  252  ;  lease 

of,   to  Young,  282;  to  Leybourne, 

283. 
Piepowder,  Court  of,  333. 
Pinke,   Warden,   fits   up   Hbrary,   45, 

169 ;  bails  Lydiat,  293 ;  his  injunc- 
tions, 306 ;  his  death,  337. 
Pitsaeus,  John,  289. 
Pitt,  Christopher,  386. 
Pittleworth's    benefactions,    209;    his 

obit,  265. 
Plague,  the,  in  1594,  296 ;  in  1666-7, 

355- 

Plantagenet,  Arthur,  26. 

Plate,  given  by  Wykeham,  154 ;  seized 
by  Edward  VI.,  239;  given  to 
Charles  I.,  340 ;  purchases  of,  286, 

415- 

Plays  acted  in  Hall,  287. 

Pocock,  John,  299. 

Pole,  Cardinal,  sequestrates  See  of 
Winchester,  242,  247. 

—  John,  schoolmaster,  143. 

Police  establishment,  426. 

Polliwog,  an  old  English  word,  189. 

Poly,  John,  the  brewer,  251,  261  ;  his 
obit,  265. 

Pontissara,  Bishop,  founds  St  Eliza- 
beth's College  and  St.  Stephen's 
Chapel,  256. 

Porter's  lodge,  33. 

Portsea  and  Portsmouth,  rectories  of, 
252 ;  Portsea  Church  rebuilt,  426. 


N  n2 


548 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Posers,  the,  71. 

Potenger,    John,    schoolmaster,    318, 

337  ;  his  son,  345. 
Powdering  tub,  what,  299. 
Praepositors,  88  ;  duties  of,  410. 
Prayer  meetings  forbidden,  82. 
Prayers  enjoined,  86. 
Prefects,  87  ;  of  library,  427  ;  of  tub,  ib. 
Prest  money,  286,  292,  294. 
Prioresgaret,  8,  13. 
Prior's  Barton,  path  to,  9,  13. 
Priscian,  grammar  of,  71. 
Privileges,  charter  of,  25. 
Privy  Council,  nominations  by,  74. 
Progress,  88;  the  first,  146;  expenses 

on,  in  1551-5,  268;  in  1559,  361. 
Provisions,   prices  of,  289,  311,   350, 

396,  414. 
Prowtinge,  a  surname  in  Winchester, 

49- 

Psalms,  Sternhold's  version  of,  267. 

Public  Schools'  Commission,  429,  432. 

Pudding,  a  recipe  for,  381. 

Pudding  House,  claimed  by  Corpora- 
tion of  Winchester,  243. 

Pulpit,  the  first,  49. 

Purnell,  Warden,  397. 

—  Mr.,  puts  up  Uvedale  coat  of  arms, 
48. 

Purveyance,  burden  of,  25. 

Quarr  Abbey,  stone  from,  28. 
Quickset  hedge,  cost  of,  369. 
Quia  emptores,  statute  so  called,  20. 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  his  trial,  299. 

Raper,  Henry,  409. 

Rastell,  John,  276. 

Rats,  Hanoverian,  395. 

Reading,  John,  composer  of  Domum, 

59- 
Rebellion  of  1774,  404  ;  of  1793,  417; 

of  1818,  433;  at  Eton,  423,  424  ;  at 

Charterhouse,     423 ;     at     Harrow, 

424  ;  at  Sandhurst.  424. 
Rede,  Richard,  52  ;  his  obit,  265. 

—  Margery,  219. 

—  Warden,  228. 

—  Sir  Richard,  his  gifts,  229. 
Redlands,  25. 

Regulations  of  1774, 410  :  of  Governing 

Body,  430. 
'  Remedies,'  Warden's  power  to  give, 

317. 
Remonstrance  to  Wykeham,  151. 
Resignation  pensions,  223. 
Restoration,  deputation  to  Court  on, 

349- 
Richard  H.,  license  to  found  College, 
3 ;  to  acquire  lands  of  alien  priories, 


22 ;  Charter  of  Privileges,  25  ;  archer 
sent  to  aid  of,  147. 

Ridding,  Dr.,  number  of  Commoners 
under,  132  ;  removes  boys  to  Com- 
moners' houses,  135  ;  first  Goddard 
scholar,  404 ;  Bishop  of  Southwell, 
ib. 

Riot  in  Hall,  287. 

Robinson.  Hugh,  schoolmaster,  313. 

Roman,  Mrs.,  421. 

Romanizing  Wykehamists,  276. 

Roman's  Road,  421. 

Romesye,  Thomas,  schoolmaster,  67. 

Romsey,  Abbess  of,  a  guest  in  Hall, 
188. 

Roodloft,  48. 

Ropley,  manor  of,  how  created,  19, 
20  ;  lease  of,  20. 

Rosamond's  bower,  185. 

Rose,  Sir  George  Henry,  415. 

Russell,  John,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  191, 

X95. 
Ryves,  Thomas,  294. 

—  George,  298. 

Sacheverell,  Henry,  106,  358. 
Sacrist,  the,  79,  338. 
Sacristy,  the,  60. 
Saham  Toney,  25. 
St.  Cross,  village  of,  9. 

—  manor  of,  24;  repairs  at,  151. 

—  hospital  of,  37,  50,  179. 

St.  Elizabeth's  College,  12,  124,  256, 

288. 
St.  John's  Hospital,  chapel  of,  124. 
St.  Leonard's,  Hastings,  25. 
St.  Mary's  Abbey,  266,  288, 
St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  256. 

—  Mead,  258. 

St.  Swithun,  priory  of,  i,  7,  11. 

St.  Valery-sur-Mer,  monastery  of,  23. 

Salcot,  Abbot,  243. 

Salperton,   manor  of,  253,  254,  256 ; 

clause  in  lease  of,  146. 
Salts,  wooden,  409. 
'  Sands,'  35,  411. 
Sanders,  the  Jesuit,  245, 
Say,  Lord,  106,  337. 

—  Dean,  159 ;  his  vestments,  233,  233. 
Schomberg,  Alexander  Crowcher,  408. 
Scholars,  original,  i,  183  ;  foundation, 

70  ;  election  of,  71 ;  removal  of,  84  ; 

annual  payment  by,  432  ;  fees  of,  in 

1711,  382. 
School  teaching,  subjects  of,  433. 
*  School,'  364  ;  subscriptions  to  building 

fund,  366. 
Schoolmaster,  the,  70,  79 ;  duties  of, 

338. 
Schoolroom,  the  old,  45. 


Index. 


549 


Sclater,  William,   the  manner  of  his 

death,  390. 
Scott,   Rev.   Charles,  devises    Essex 

Estates,  40a. 
Scriptorium,  the,  170. 
Scrutiny,  the,  7a ;  when  to  be  held,  89, 
Seal,  the  College,  87,  286. 
Sealing  days,  87. 

Seavington,  manor  of,  253,  254,  256. 
Segryme's  well,  206 ;  mill,  207. 
Selborne,  the  Earl  of,  430. 
Sele,  priory  of,  202. 
Selott,  Dr.  John,  43,  225,  234. 
Seneschal  of  Hall,  80. 
Sermons    in    Chapel,    337,    388 ;    at 

Cathedral,  337. 
Servants  in  1395,  142;  in  1411,  158; 

in  1431,  189;  in  1649-50,  339. 
Sevenhampton  Denys,  manor  of,  253, 

254- 
Seventh  Chamber,  45. 

—  (choristers)  Chamber,  37. 
Sewall,  Samuel,  from  New  England, 

371. 

Shadwell,  Charles  Lancelot,  430. 

Shaftesbury,  Earl  of,  414. 

Shaw  Manor,  184  ;  mill  at,  ib. ;  right 
to  trees  on  Heath,  242  ;  given  to 
Henry  VIII.,  252. 

Shelley,  Dame  Elizabeth,  266. 

Sherborne,  Bishop,  213. 

Sherborne  St.  John,  priory  of,  202. 

Ship  money,  324. 

Shuttleworth,  Bishop,  420,  425. 

Sickhouse,  founded  by  Harris,  326  ; 
enlarged  by  Taylor,  ib.  ;  Nurse 
Williams  at,  407. 

Sickness,  allowances  in,  83. 

Sidmouth,  Lord,  promotes  Hunting- 
ford,  394,  416, 

Silkstead,  scholars  at,  300. 

Silver,  price  of,  286,  415. 

Simon,  Bishop  of  Achonry,  141. 

Slattenford  (Slaughterford),  rectory  of, 
280. 

Slaughterhouse,  34. 

Small-pox,  mortality  from,  371. 

Smith,  Sir  Thomas,  his  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, 283. 

Smith,  Sydney,  418. 

Smyth,  Clement,  schoolmaster,  213, 
226. 

Society,  alleged  disaffection  of  the, 
386. 

Somerset  Herald,  his  opinion  on 
Wykeham's  pedigree,  98. 

Somervile,  the  poet,  108,  129,  372, 

South  Merston,  25. 

—  Mill,  the,  420. 
Sparkford,  village  of,  9. 


Spence,  Joseph,  386. 
Spurs,  battle  of,  228. 
Stable,   expenses   of,    144,    157,   226, 

260,  292,  296. 
Stafforde,  Lady  Dorothie,  her  Bible, 

116. 
Stanley,  Edward,  schoolmaster,  313, 

316,  317,  318 ;  his  petition  against 

Imber,  124. 
Stapleton,  Thomas,  276. 
Statutes,  the,  65 ;  copies  of,  68;  custody 

of,9o ;  of  Oxford  University  Commis- 
sion, 428 ;  of  Governing  Body,  430. 
Steeple  Morden,  church  of,  16. 
Stempe,  Warden,  280. 
Steward's  room,  33. 
Stewart  Memorial,  60. 
Stipends,  84,  266. 
Stoke  Park,  261 ;  ship  money  on,  324  ; 

soldiers  billeted  at,  332. 
Strangers,  exclusion  of,  81,  82. 
Stubbington,  manor  of,  252. 
Stucklings,  what,  322. 
Sub-warden,  the,  306,  338. 
Sugar,    Hugh,    207  ;    his    obit,  265 ; 

founds  aqueduct,  207. 
Sugar  loaves  sent  to  Judges  of  Assize, 

318 ;  to  Mayor  of  Winchester,  ib. 
Sugar,  price  of,  312. 
Sumptuary  regulations,  82. 
Sun  Fire  Office,  395. 
Superannuates'  books,  389  ;  fund,  390. 
Supervision,  the  annual,  72. 
Supervisors,  complaints  by,  351. 
Swans  with  two  necks,  232 ;  kept  in 

College  grounds,  276. 
Sydling,    church   and   manor  of,   15 ; 

vicarage  of,  ib. 

—  felon's  goods  at,  328. 

Tabernacle  given  by  Henry  VI.,  194, 

237- 
Tabula  legum,  364. 
Takeley,  23. 

Tallow,  chandler's  allowance  of,  357. 
Talwood,  what,  261. 
Taphrells,  what,  53. 
Taylor,  Dr.  John,  his  legacy,  364  ;  his 

will,  389. 
Taylor,  Mrs.,  reputed  donor  of  veal, 

363- 

Tea,  introduction  of,  428. 

Theatricals  in  Hall,  287. 

Thurbern,  Warden,  183,  209;  his 
chantry,  183,  218;  brass,  184;  obit, 
265  ;  chasuble,  184  ;  vestments,  230. 

Tichbome,  Francis,  308. 

—  Benjamin,  ib. 

Timber  money,  327;  stealers  of  at 
Eling  convicted,  421. 


550 


Annals  of  Winchester  College. 


Tingewick,  church  of,  25. 

Tiron,  monastery  of,  5,  24. 

Titley,  manor  of,  24. 

Tower,  Thurbern's,  218  ;  rebuilt,  220. 

Tower,  Two  Wardens',  220. 

Traffics,  Warden,  75. 

Train  bands,  319. 

Treasury,  the,  45. 

Trees  in  Meads,  371. 

Trelawney,  Bishop,  enjoins  bedmakers, 

78 ;  appeal  to,  376. 
Trenchard,  Secretary,  106. 
Trenchers,  first  mention  of,  185  ;  used 

by  scholars,  315. 
Trengof,  Walter,  archpriest  of  Barton, 

201;  his  vestments,  232. 
Trollope,  Mrs.,  415. 

—  Anthony,  ib. 

—  Thomas  Adolphus,  ib. 
Truant  scholars,  292. 

Trumper's   Inn,  215  ;   contents  of,  in 

1544,  216. 
Trusty  servant,  the,  39. 
Tub,  the,  427  ;  prefect  of,  410,  427. 
Tucker,  Dean,  289. 
Turbervyl,  George,  279. 
Turner,  Francis,  64,  343. 
Twickenham,  church  of,  23  ;  repairs 

at,  151. 
Twisse,  William,  294. 
Twycheners,  the,  241. 

Udall,  Nicholas,  228. 

Underbill,  Bishop,  279. 

Urban  VI.,  Wykeham's  petition  to,  i ; 
bulls,  3,  6. 

Usher,  the,  79  ;  examination  for  place 
of,  163 ;  to  attend  children  at  meals, 
392  ;  at  Eton,  401. 

Uvedale,  Alice,  her  marriage  settle- 
ment, 17,  94,  184. 

—  John  de,  sons  of,  iii. 

—  Thomas  and  John,  112,  150. 

—  Thomas  and  William,  112. 

—  John,  his  wife  dines  in  Hall,  187. 

—  Richard,  189. 

—  Sir  Thomas,  214. 
Uvedale  coat  of  arms,  48. 

Verjuice,  226. 
Vernacle,  a,  what,  242. 
Vestiary,  contents  of,  in  1525,  229. 
Vestibule,  the,  60. 
Vicarages,  statutes  of,  15. 
Vice-warden,  the,  78,  338. 
Victualia  quadragesimae,  261. 
Visitations,    155,   242,    262,    301,  320, 

378  ;  list  of,  378. 
Volunteers  of  1804,  421. 
Vyse,  la,  60. 


Wakfield,  John,  150 ;  his  sons  in 
Commoners,  no,  in, 

—  William,  160. 
Wall,  Martin,  108,  410. 
Waller,  Sir  William,  330,  332. 
Walles,  manor  of,  23. 
Walpan,  land  at,  252. 
Ward,  Dean,  420. 

Warden,  his  lodgings,  32 ;  election  and 
office  of,  77  ;  oath  of,  ib. ;  removal 
of,  83 ;  cloth  for,  85  ;  allowances, 
321,  531- 

Warrenners,  the,  67,  94. 

Warham,  Archbishop,  214. 

Warton,  Dr.  Joseph,  404;  rebellion 
under,  ib. ;  retires,  418. 

Watchlights,  what,  285 ;  price  of,  289. 

Water  supply,  206-7. 

Waterwork,  277. 

Watson,  Thomas,  39. 

Wayneflete,  199 ;  his  arms,  221 ;  vest- 
ments, 231. 

Webbe,  John,  builds  kitchen  chimney, 
41 ;  gives  organ,  57. 

Wee,  la,  145,  180,  226. 

Weeders,  the,  313,  428. 

Weeke,  land  at,  207. 

Welstead,  Thomas,  his  epitaph,  358. 

Wesley,  Dr.  S.  S.,  59. 

Westbury,  Provost,  189. 

West  Meon,  land  at,  12. 

Western  schism,  the,  5. 

Weyhill  Fair,  145,  226. 

Wheat  used  in  brewing,  311. 

White,  Sir  John,  247. 

White,  Warden,  246 ;  his  epitaph,  ib.  ; 
sermon  by,  247  ;  arms,  248 ;  attends 
Queen  Mary's  marriage,  277. 

Whitehead,  the  Laureate,  394. 

White's  in  Flexland,  210. 

Whiting,  Mr.  William,  38. 

Whyte,  the  Lollard,  189. 

—  John,  his  obit,  264. 

—  Richard,  276. 

—  John,  of  Dorchester,  293. 

—  Josiah,  ib. 

Wickham,    Rev.    H.    J.,    opens    first 

boarding  house,  135. 
'Wickhams,'  132,  134. 
Will  Hall,  211. 
William  the  Conqueror,  confirms  gift 

of    Tingewick,     24;     Charter     of 

Andover  Priory,  172. 
Williams,  Rev.  Daniel,  424. 

—  Dr.  David,  headmaster,  108  ;  number 
of  boys  under,  132;  his  career,  424. 

—  Lettice,  her  legacy,  310. 

—  Nurse,  407. 

—  Philip,  420. 

Willoughby  de  Broke,  Baron,  108. 


Index. 


h^^ 


Winchester,     Bishop    of,    extent    of 

visitatorial  power,  377  ;  now  visitor, 

ib. 
Winchester,     city    of,     dispute     with 

citizens  of,  191  ;  fee  farm  rent,  349  ; 

taken  by  Waller,  333 ;  by  Cromwell, 

333- 
Winchester  College,  corporate  name  of, 

4  ;  Logan's  view  of,  30. 
Window,  east,  of  chapel,  54. 
Wine-cellar,  the,  53. 
Wingfield,  Edward,  108. 
Wiseman,  Capel,  119. 
Wodynton,  23. 
Wolsey's  visitation,  242. 
Wolvesey,  Wykeham  at,  30;  Henry 

VI.  stays  at,    194;     Castle    ruined, 

333- 
Woodhouse,  the,  34;  at  Finkley,  180. 
Woodward,  Michael,  encomium  of,  309. 
Wooll,  Dr.  John,  415. 
Wordsworth,  Bishop  Charles,  222. 
Worldham,  East,  38. 

—  West,  church  of,  24. 
Worthy  Mortimer,  207. 

—  Pauncefote,  207,  243. 
Wreck,  right  of,  26. 


Wriothesley,  Sir  Thomas,  257. 

Wyard's,  211. 

Wykeham,  Sir  Thomas,  93,  184,  190; 

contingent  legacy  to,  152 ;  pedigree, 

107. 

—  William,  marries  Alice  Uvedale,  17, 
94.  184. 

—  William  de,  his  object  in  founding 
a  college,  i,  92  ;  founds  college,  3 ; 
endows  it,  14 ;  proxy  for  Bishop 
Edyngdon,  20 ;  builds,  28 ;  admits 
Morys,  30 ;  portrait  of,  43  ;  borrows 
organ,  56  ;  issues  statutes,  65  ; 
arms  of,  99 ;  pedigree,  107 ;  gifts 
and  legacies,  152-155;  obit,  155; 
chantry,  159,  353  ;  epitaph,  354. 

Wykehamist,  the  first,  241. 
Wykham  of  Swalcliffe,  97-106. 

—  John,  151. 
Wymering  and  Widley,  307. 

Yng,  Archbishop,  223. 
Yongs,  the,  222. 
Yorke,  Philip,  his  opinion,  133. 
Young,  Edward,  372. 

Zouch,  Richard,  299. 


By  the  same  Author,  price  10s.  6d.,  cloth. 


gSint^tettr  Stljolare. 


LIST  OF  THE  WARDENS,  FELLOWS, 
AND  SCHOLARS  OF  SAINT  MARY 
COLLEGE  OF  WINCHESTER,  NEAR 
WINCHES  TER,  COMMON L  Y  CALLED 
WINCHESTER  COLLEGE;  WITH  A 
PREFACE  AND   INDEX. 


Bottiort 

HENRY    FROWDE 

Oxford  University  Press  Warehouse,  Amen  Corner,  E.C. 

p.  AND  G.  WELLS,  College  Street. 


M/7  KS 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

305  De  Neve  Drive  -  Parking  Lot  17  •  Box  951388 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA  90095-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library  from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


Series  9482] 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


A  A      000  055  609   2