Google
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on Hbrary shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at|http : //books . google . com/|
"COMPLETE INSURANCE SERVICE"
INSURANCE COMPANY
of
NORTH AMERICA
Indemnity Insurance Company
of North America
National Security
FnUS INSURANCE CX>MPANT
The Alliance
INSURANCE COMPANY
Offer to the Public through their Agents the best there
is in Fire and Casualty Insurance Protection
WHY NOT REPRESENT ONE OP THESE
COMPANIES?— IT PAYS
Address alt communications to the
HOME OFnCE -:• PHILADELPHIA
(ii)
ESTABUSHED
IN YEAR 1885
FIRE AND LIFE
ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Ltd.
ACCIDENT and HEALTH
BURGLARY PLATE GLASS
AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY.
PROPERTY DAMAGE and COLLISION
ELEVATORS, TEAMS and PUBLIC
LIABILITY
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION'
CLAIMS PAID IN UNITED STATES
EXCEED THIRTY MILLION DOLLARS
Frederick Richardson
United States Manager
GENERAL BUILDING,
FOURTH AHD WALNUT STREETS
Philadelphia
(iU)
up to the
Highest Ideals of our Business
Abundantly Strong
Immense Capacity
Second'tO'None Service.
Commercial Union Assurance Co. Ltd.
The Palatine Insurance Co. Ltd.
The Commercial Union Fire Ins. Co. of N. Y.
Union Assurance Society Ltd.
Hand-In-Hand Underwriters Department
The California Insurance Co. of San Francisco.
For its liberality and just treatment known the
world over, ask any U. S. agent.
Head Office:
114 Fifth Ave., New York City.
(iv)
SPRINGFIELD
HRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY
SPRINQFIELD - MASSACHUSETTS
(As of January l, 1922)
ASSETS
Cash on hand and in course of collection $4,175,829.05
Accrued Interest 403,421.57
Real Estate 335,000.00
Loans on Mortga^re 2,610,270.00
Stocks and Bonds 12,859,729.50
TOTAL ASSETS $20,384,250.12
LIABILITIES
Bteenre for Reinsurance $10,878,927.69
Unpaid Losses 1,819,211.17
Dividend Reserve 200,000.00
All other Liabilities 425,000.00
Cash Capital 2,500,000.00
Net Surplus 4,561,111.26
$20,384,250.12
(V)
Globe & Rutgers
Fire Insurance Company
111 WILLIAM STREET
NEW YORK
Janamry 1, 1922
ASSETS
Bonds and Mortgages $307,300.00
U. S. Liberty Bonds 6,559,500.00
Government, City Railroad and other Bonds and
Stocks 29,585,360.20
Cash in Banks and Office 2,044,131.33
Premiums in Course of Collection 7,752,610.87
Interest Accrued 351,423.67
Due on Account of Reinsurance Loss Account 52,247.40
$46,652,573.38
LIABILITIES
Capital $700,000.00
Surplus 12,939,689.34
Reinsurance Reserve 17,887,912.10
Losses in Course of Adjustment 6,447,596.00
Commissions and other items 5,217,375.94
Reserve for Taxes and Depreciation 3,460,000.00
$46,652,573.38
Surplus to Policyholders, $18,680,689.34
E. C. JAMESON, President
LYMAIV CANDBES, VIce-Pre«. W. H. PAUI^ISOX, VIce-Prea.
J. H. BfULVBHIIiL, V-Pre«. and TT. L. LINDSAT. Secretair
Secretary
J. D. liBSTBR, Secretary A. H. "WITTHOHN, Ajis*t. Sec.
M. J. VOIiKMANN, Local Sec. G. C. OIVEBTS, A»»'t Secretary
(vi)
First British Company Entersd in tlis United Statts,
™ PHCENIX ""
ASSURANCE COMPANY LTD.
OF LONDON
A Corporation which has stood the
test of time! 140 years of successful
business operation. World-wide in-
terests. Absolute security. Excellent
service and facilities.
UNITED STATES HEAD OFFICE
100 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK
PERCIVAL BERESFORD,
V. S. MANAGER
Marine Department
27 ^Vllllam St., New York City
yKtMten Department Paclflc Department
175 Vr. Jackaon Blvd. 222 Sanaome Street
Chieaco, ni. San Franelaco, Cal
(vii)
ZURICH
GeMiil NccMMrt aad UaMHIy hmnMM Ctiiwiy, IJMitod
•ff ZHrich, Switzertond
Founded 1872
AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE
Liability, Property Damage and Collision
ALL LIABILITY LINES
Teams Insurance Workmen's Compensation
Accident & Health Group and
Collective Policies.
UNITED STATES BRANCH FINANCIAL
STATEMENT
December 31, 1921
ASSETS $9,210,106.98
LIABILITIES $7,701,692.78
VOLUNTARY ADDITIONAL
LOSS RESERVE $500,000.00
SURPLUS, December 31st, 1921 $1,508,414.20
United States Head Office: 431 Insurance Exchange,
Chicago, Illinois.
Eastern Department: 45 John Street,
New York City. N. Y.
(viii)
FIRE REINSURANCE
INTERNATIONAL
INSURANCE CO. of New York
Statement January 1, 1922
Premium Reserve 13,188,311.88
Reserve for Losses and other Liabilities 1,110,291.60
CAPITAL STOCK 11,000,000.00
NET SURPLUS 1,010,375.32 2,010,376.32
TOTAL ASSETS >6,308,978.3~0
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL
INSURANCE CO. of Havana
Statement January 1, 1922
Premium Reserve $489,794.13
Reserve for Losses and other Liabilities 204,095.77
NET SURPLUS 403,369.41
TOTAL ASSETS $1,097,259.31
SKANDINAVIA
INSURANCE CO. of Copenhagen
Statement January 1, 1922
Premium Reserve $3,631,741.45
Reserve for Losses and other Liabilities .... 1,606,370.13
NET SURPLUS 1.702.094.67
TOTAL ASSETS $6,940,215.15
NEW INDIA
ASSURANCE CO. of Bombay
Statement January 1, 1922
Premium Reserve $154,210.51
Reserve for Losses and other Liabilities. . . . 70,159.30
NET SURPLUS 1,007,668.23
TOTAL ASSETS $1,232,038.04
OSAKA
MARINE & FIRE INSURANCE CO. of Osaka
Statement Januar>' 1, 1922
NET SURPLUS $521,552.02
TOTAL ASSETS 521,552.02
SUMNER BALLARD, U. S. Manager
80 Maiden Lane, New York
Cable Address: "Reinsurer New York" Telephone, John 0788
(ix)
AMERICAN EQUITABLE
ASSURANCE COMPANY
of New York
KNICKERBOCKER
INSURANCE COMPANY
of New York
METROPOLITAN
ASSURANCE UNDERWRITERS
of New York
R. A. CORROON, President
T. A. DUPPEY, Vlce-Prea. and Secretary
LARGE CAPACITY UPON
ACCEPTABLE BUSINESS
Fire, Tornado, Qvil Commotion, Riot,
Explosion Insurance
AGENTS DESIRED IN UNREPRESENTED TERRITORY
Apply Home Office: 92 William St., New York
(X)
Build Your Own Business
under our direct general agency contract.
Our Policies provide for:
DOUBLE INDEMNITY,
DISABILITY BENEFITS,
REDUCING PREMIUMS.
See the new low Rates.
JOHN F. ROCHE, Vice-President.
Organized 1850 1116 Maiihattaii Life
Insurance Co., 66 Broadway, New York
MASSACHUSETTS
Bonding & Insurance
Company
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
T. J. FAIiVEY, President
Paid-in Capital $1,500,000.00
FIDELITY AND SURB3TY BONDS, AUTOMOBILE
ELEVATOR AND GENERAL LIABILITY
AUTO AND TEAMS
PROPERTY DAMAGE, ACCIDENT,
HEALTH, BURGLARY,
AND PLATE GLASS INSURANCE
(xi)
Qauci Brothers & @.
(British Firm)
INSURANCE BROKERS
LOSS SETTLING AGENTS
Head Office: ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
12, Rue General Earle. P. O. Box Mo. 702
Telegrams: "FLORESCERE" Alexandria.
BRANCHES: Port Said — Beyrouth — Milan.
ALSO AT: Cairo— Jerusalem — ^Jatfa — Haifa — and Prin-
cipal Ports in the Levant.
Enterprising Companies wishing to extend operations
to these territories are inyited to write for particulars.
Large returns likely to result. First Class References
Furnished.
THE
GLOBE MUTUAL LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY
OF CHICAGO, ILL.
RESULTS FOR 1921
Gain in Interest income over last five years 1300 %
Gain in income over last five years 590 %
Gain in admitted assets over last five years 503%
Gain in Insurance in force over last five years. . . .250 %
Average gain over last five years 661 %
The above figures are the results of the highest grade
of service to policyholders and representatives. The
latest is
CLAIMS PAID BY TELEGRAPH
It is the Last Word in
SERVICE
T. F. BARRY, President, Gen'l Manager and Founder
Aa AscB«7 CoBftpSBy
C«MtiB«owil7 iB BwilBcaa S1b«c ISSS
THE HANOVER FIRE
INSURANCE COMPANY
OF NEW YORK
The real strength of an Insurance Company is in the con-
serratism of its management, and the management of THE
HANOVER Is an absolute assurance of the SECURITY OF
ITS POLICY
Home Office; 84 Pine St.
NBW YORK
R. EMORY WARFIELD, PtMldcat
fRED A. HUBBARD. Vlc«-PrMld«iit
GHARLfiS W. HIGLE Y, Vic«-PrM.
E. S. JARVIS, Smcntmrj
WM. MORRISON, Aast. Secretaiy
Western Dep*t; Insurance Bzc*ge
CHICAGO
CHARLES W. HIGLEY, G«a«ral Agent
MONTGOMERY CLARK,
AatUtant G«o'l Agent
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT;
HOWIE & CAIN, Inc.
!!• WUUam St. , New York aty
I
EstabUshed In 1870.
THE INSURANCE INDEX
ONE OF THE OLDEST AND MOST RELIABLE
INSURANCE JOURNALS IN
THE UNITED STATES.
PUBLISHED BI-WEEKLY
AT 38 Park Row, New York.
Subscription price $2.50 per annum
(xiii)
^s
""■■■yt i'7":!"TT.^ LtLj.
-' - "-v-^
■■>i:-
S'.''.'-
BETTER POLICIES
THAN SEEM NECESSARY
Personal Accident
Health
Burglary
Credit
Fidelity
Steam Boiler
Fly Wheel
Engine
Plate Glass
Workmen^s Compensation
Automobile
Teams
EleTator
lilability
The
Ocean Accident and
Guarantee Corporation, Ltd.
CHARLES H. NEELY
Manager and Attorney
114 FIFTH A^'^NUE, NEW YORK
^^ -^i..<;. K . -;- ^^^. . -.. <^::ry^^^.^^^.,\ .^^^H^^...
MMMMilMMiMMa
(xiv)
ANNUAL
Cyclopedia of Insurance
IN THE
UNITED STATES
1922
EsUblished in 1891 by H. R. Hayden
Copyrighted 1922 by
R. B. CAVERLY
R. B. CAVERLY, PUBLISHER
88 PARK ROW,
NEW YORK
1922
Pren of Losing-Axiell Ca. t^p'rhigfield. Mass.
» . »
J •
ASTOR, LENOX AMD
TILDEN FOUNDA'IIuNS
INDEX
^ 1026 L I ^^^^ INSURANCE SECTION
Pase
Agbnt, Tbrm Dbfinxd ... 7
Anti-Cokpact Laws X3
Brocxr, Tbui Dbfinbd aa
Cancxllation 24
Co-Insurancb Clause a8
COMPANIBS. ORGANIZBD OR PROJBCTED, I92X 33
Conflagrations 3S
Dbath Roll 38
Discrimination in Rates. Laws Against 41
Eastern Union 44
Explosion Insurance 46
Factory Insurance Association 49
Fire Marshal Departments — Chief Oppicbrs 54
Fire Marshal Laws 5^
Fire Underwriters Association of the Northwest 56
Fire Underwriters Association of the Pacific 59
Fire Underwriters Electrical Bureau 60
Hailstorm Insurance 67
Insurance Departments. Chief Officers 75
Limitation of Risks in Fire Underwriting 82
Lloyds and Inter-Insurers 84
Lloyds. London 87
Marine Insurance 91
Motor Vehicle Insurance 100
National Association of Local Agents 105
National Automobile Underwriters Conference 107
National Board of Fire Underwriters 109
National Fire Protection Association 113
New England Bureau of United Inspection 118
New England Insurance Exchange 119
New York Board of Fire Underwriters 122
Non-Concurrent Policies — Apportionment 125
Official Changes in Fire Insurance Companies 131
Policy Forms and Laws 141
Receipts From and Remittances to Home Offices 145
Reinsurance and Surplus Line Laws 146
Reinsured. Retired and Failed Companies 148
Rent Insurance , 149
Resident Agents' Laws 151
Retaliatory or Reciprocal Laws 154
Short Rate Table 160
Southeastern Underwriters Association 162
Sprinkler Leakage Insurance 167
Statistics of Fire Insurance Companies 207
Tornado Insurance 176
Underwriters' Agencies 181
Underwriters' Association of the Middle Department 185
Underwriters' Laboratories 189
Union The. (Western) 193
Use and Occupancy iNSURA^rc 195
Val'j^d Policy- I^aws ...;., 198
WestbaH Factory. InsUiCoi'cb A££vciation 201
Western Insurance Bureau .' 202
«
INDEX
LIFE. CASUALTY AND SURETY SECTION
ACCIDXNT INSURAMCB 317
Actuarial Socixtt ai9
Amsrican Fraternal Congrkss 230
ascbrican imsmuts op actuariss 231
American Expxrixncb Table or Mortality 234
American Life Convention 33s
Annuities 239
Anti-Rebate Laws 340
Association of Lite Insurance Presidents 244
Burglary, Insurance Against 350
Casualty Actuarial Soqety 353
Companies Organized or Projected in 1921 359
Corporate Suretyship 362
Credit Insurance 264
Death Roll 265
Employers' Liability Insurance 273
Endowment 373
Fly-Wheel Insurance 378
Fraternal Orders 379
Group Insurance 292
Health and Accident Underwriters' Conference 294
Health Insurance 297
Industrial Life Insurance 302
Insurance Journalism 303
International Association of Casualty and Surety Underwriters . . 306
Live Stock Insurance 319
Mutual 334
Mutual Life Underwriters 33^
National Association of Casualty and Surety Agents 338
National Association pw Life Underwriters ... 339
National Council Workmen's Compensation Insurance 345
National Insurance Convention 347
Official Changes in 1921 363
Participating — Non-Participating 367
Plate Glass Insurance 371
PoucY Forms and Laws 372
Pubuoty Departments of Companies 40s
Receipts Fkou and Remittances To Home Offices. (Casualty) . . . 408
Re-Insured, Retired and Failed Companies in 1921 408
Reserves in Life Insurance 4io
Southern Industrial Insurer's Conference 417
Sprinkler Insurance 419
State Insurance Federation 420
Statements, Latest Dates for Filing 432
Statistics of Life and Casualty Companies 456
Steam Boiler Insurance 424
Sub-Standard Lives 425
Surety and Fidelity Insurance 426
Taxation 429
Workingmen's Compensation Insurance 45a
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 467
Organized Cash Capital
1853 $12,000,000
The Home Insurance
Company
NEW YORK
ELBRIDGE G. SNOW. President
The Largest and Strongest Fire
Insurance Company
in America
Strength Reputation Service
Annual Cyclopedia of Insurance.
A
ABANDONMENT. In marine insurance the relinquishment of
an insured ship or cargo to the underwriters when the same is
damaged and the claim is for a total loss. There is no abandonment
in fire underwriting.
ABEILLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Paris, France.
Starkweather & Shepley, Inc., United States mana^rs. Providence,
R. I. Geo. L. Shepley, president; Emil G. Pieper, vice-president and
manager agency department.
ABINGTON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Abington, Mass. Incorporated 1856; began business 1857. Isaac
C. Howland, president; Edgar H. Thompson, vice-president; Alfred H.
Nash, secretary and treasurer; Merrill F. Ramsay, assistant secretary.
ADJUSTER. The business of an adjuster as known in Ameri-
can fire insurance is to examine into losses and settle upon the
amounts due. He is a regular employee of the company, usually,
although there are some independent adjusters who work for any
company employing them, temporarily, or on particular losses. In
most cases, also, the adjuster acts as appraiser except where an
official or technical appraisement is to be had. The Cveneral Adjust-
ment Bureau was organized in 1905 to have charge of adjustments
throughout the eastern district of the United States. It is an in-
cori>orated body. Similar bureaus have been organized in other
sections of the country, and as a rule have been a success. The Na-
tional Board of Fire Underwriters in 19 12 appointed a committee on
adjustments, which was charged particularly with the work of pre-
paring a system for adjusting large conflagration losses. While there
are still individual ancl independent adjusters much of the work of
adjusting losses, except small losses, is done through the bureaus.
ADJUSTMENT. In fire insurance practice in the United States
this work covers the act of the adjuster in settling a loss as well as
its apportionment between different insurers. The latter is some-
times difficult and puzzling in the case of non-concurrent policies.
JSee Non-Concurrent Policies — Apportionment.]
6 Cyclopedia of Insurance
^TNA INSURANCE COMPANY of Hartford was incorpo-
rated in 1819, and began business August 19th. Its capital stock was
fixed at $150,000, 10 per cent, of which was paid in. The ^tna was
one of the pioneers in the agency business, and wrote policies in
Chicago as early as 1834. Its present capital is $5,000,000, and its
stockholders have at various times paid in in cash $4,695,000 of that
amount. Up to the date of the Chicago fire, in 1871, there had been
paid in $195,000, and the capital was $3,000,000. After the fire it
was reduced one-half, and immediately restored by the payment of
$1,500,000. After the Boston fire, in 1872, it was reduced to $2,000,-
000, and restored by the payment of $i,ooo,ooa In 1881 the pay-
ment of another million increased the capital to $4,000,000; in 1910
the payment of another million increased the capital to its present
figure. The Etna's operations now include every section of the
country.
The department managers are: Western branch, Chicago, 111.,
Ralph B. Ives, vice-president; John E. Davies and Wm. F. Watson,
assistant general agents. L. O. Kohtz, general agent Cook County and
marine department; Pacific branch, San Francisco, Cal., W. H. Breed-
ing, general agent.
The company has had six presidents since its organization in
1819. Thomas K. Brace retained the office until 1857, a period of
thirty-eight years. Edwin G. Ripley succeeded President Brace, and
remained at the head of the company until 1862, when he was suc-
ceeded by Thomas A. Alexander. In 1866 Lucius J. Hendee was
elected president, and retained the position until his death, Septem-
ber 4, 1888. Jotham Goodnow was elected the successor of Presi-
dent Hendee, being advanced from the secretaryship, which he had
held for twenty-two years. He died November 19, 1892, and was
succeeded by William B. Clark, who was elected president on the
twenty-fifth anniversary of his connection with the company. Presi-
dent Clark's associate officers are A. N. Williams and E. J. Sloan,
vice-presidents; Guy E. Beardsley, vice-president and secretary;
R. B. Ives, vice-president at Western Branch; E. S. Allen, W. R.
AffcCain, assistant secretaries; George L. Burnham, comptroller;
W. F. Whittelsey, marine vice-president. R. E. Stronach, marine
secretary; M. W. Morron, marine assistant secretary.
The directors are: Morgan G. Bulkeley, Atwood Collins, William
B. Clark, Francis Goodwin, Charles E. Gross, James H. Knight, Charles
P. Cooley, Arthur L. Shipman, Charles A. Goodwin, A. N. Williams,
J. P. Morgan, Horace B. Cheney, John L. Way, E. J. Sloan, Chas. G.
Woodward. The special agents are C. J. Irvin, H. O. Kline, H. B.
Smith, James S. Middleton, F. W. Matthews, P. P. Tucker, Joseph
M. Biggert, W. C. Roach, H. B. Nugent, C. L. Ruse, Arthur Lohmeyer,
W. H. Wart, Edward Wright, J. R. Stewart, I. B. Beard, J. A. Brack-
ney, W. S. Clark, P. W. D. Jones, W. H. Boutell, Arthur Horton. R.
Long, Frank W. Brodie, R. T. Caldwell, Wm. F. Prioleau, C. A. Thorn-
FiRB Insurance Sbction 7
ton, H. C. Clift, R. H. Sclater, B. B. Gracey, J. K. Shepherd, Robert
H. Breese, Frank J. Malone, B. L. Gregory, K. M. Sweeney, R. E.
Hartshorn, Wm. F. Mitchell, C. J. Wykoff, Robt. W. Gillespie, M. B.
Seymour, J. p. Warren, D. Kilcrease, E. K. Whitney, R. H. Lecky,
J. M. Waller, C. J. Malcolm, C. R. Giffin, J. K. L. Marvin, marine;
A. J. Woodward, marine; S. W. Roes, marine; J. D. Wheeler, marine.
The total assets of the company, December 31, 1921, aggregated
$38,894,699.00. Liabilities, exclusive of capital, $24,827,608.^6. The
net cash premiums received during the year 192 1 reached the sum of
$21 ,905^656.80. The total cash income for the year was $23,645,823.97 ;
total cash expenditures, $25,^51,714.58; the loses paid amounted to
$14,798,732.95; net amount of risks in force^ $3,759,744,899.00. Since
organization the company has received in premiums $411, 107,351. 3A;
losses paid since organization, $210,723,607.74; cash dividends declared,
^43*751 iS^S-oo* aividends, payable in stock, $2,805,000.00. [See
Cyclopedia for 1892-93, also biographical sketches in present volume.]
NoTB — The security Valuations on which this Statement is based are actual market
values.
AGENT, TERM DEFINED. The insurance laws of many
states define who are agents, and such laws are in force in Alabama,
Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,
Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massa-
chusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Okla-
homa, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas,
Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. The laws of a majority of the
above states are general in application and while phrased differently,
define an agent to be any p)erson who solicits insurance, receives or
transmits an application, other than for himself, or in any manner aids
in the transaction of the business of an insurance company.
The laws of Florida and Montana contain separate sections defin-
ing surety agents, while the laws of Indiana contain additional sections
defining separately both surety and life agents, and the law of Dela-
ware defines both life and fire agents, but only agents dealing with com-
panies not incorporated by the state, and defines such as ' foreign in-
surance agents.' The Colorado law provides that ** a person not a
duly licensed broker, licensed solicitor, or licensed ap^ent s employee,"
who other than for himself and for comp>ensation, solicits, or transmits
any application for insurance or offers or assumes to act in the nego-
tiation of such insurance, shall be an insurance agent within the in-
tent of the law.
The Mississippi law in addition includes every person who shall
examine or insp>ect any risk or adjust or assist in adjusting any loss
within its definition of agent, while the law of New York excepts only
officers or salaried employes who do not receive commissions within
its definition. The Pennsylvania law reads: " An agent is an individ-
ual, co-partnership or corporation, authorized in writing by a company:
[a] To solicit risks and collect premiums, and to issue or countersign
8 Cyclopedia of Insurance
policies in its behalf; or [b] To solicit risks and collect premiums in
its behalf," and the Washington law is very similar but designates
agents as " soliciting " and "recording or policy writing" agents.
The Michigan law also makes a distinction between a solicitor and
agent, and also defines special and general agents. The distinction
made in the law between an " agent " and " solicitor " is that the
former must be acting under jauthority of a company with power to
write and countersip^n policies and collect premiums while the solicitor
receives his authority from the agent and is not authorized to issue
or countersign policies. The Arizona law also makes this distinction
between agents and solicitors, though designating them as soliciting
, agents and recording or policy writing agents. (See Cyclopedia for
1915)
(For text of laws, enacted prior to 19 14 see Cyclopedia of Insur-
ance for 19 1 3- 14, and also Cyclopedia for 19 15, fire section.)
AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Watertown,
N. Y. Organized 1853; capital, $1,000,000. W. H. Stevens, presi-
dent; J. Q. Adams, first- vice president; P. H. Willmott, secretary.
Organized as a farmers' mutual, and in 1863 converted into a stock
company with charter limiting it to the insurance of farm property;
now engaged in general fire insurance. It transacts business in most
of the states and territories. It writes fire, tornado, marine, automobile,
sprinkler leakage, hail, riot, civil commotion and explosion insurance.
Sixty-ninth annual statement, January i, 1922.
Reserve for reinsurance $3,618,029-83
Reserve for losses, taxes and all other claims 1,059,657.42
Reserve for Contingencies 200,000.00
Capital 1,000,000.00
Net Surplus 1,640,911.78
Total Assets $7,518,599.03
Surplus to Policy Holders $2.640,911 .78
ALBANY INSURANCE COMPANY, Albany, N. Y. Organ-
ized 181 1 ; capital, $250,000. Ledyard Cogswell, president; Charles
E. McElroy, vice-president; Charles H. Hahn, second vice-president ;
John P. Deal, secretary.
ALIENATION. A transfer of property to another. The fire
insurance policy being a personal contract the alienation of the
property covered by it voids the policy. So many controversies as
to what constitutes alienation have arisen in insurance practice that
the standard policies now describe minutely what will avoid the
policy. [See Policy Forms, Fire. Also any digest of insurance law.]
ALLEMANNIA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 7 Wood Street
Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1868; capital, $500,000. William Stein-
meyer, president; Wm. A. Steinmeyer, vice-president ; Chas. B. Reiter,
secretary and treasurer, G. W. Unverzagt, assistant secretary.
Fire Insurance Section 9
ALLIANCE ASSURANCE COMPANY. LIMITED, London,
Eng. Chubb & Son, 5 South William Street. New York, N. Y., United
States managers. Marine Insurance.
ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY. Philadelphia. Pa.
Organized 1904; capital, $1,000,000. Benjamin Rush, president; John
O. Piatt, vice-president; Sheldon Catlin. second vice-president;
Galloway C. Morris, third vice-president; John Kremer, secretary;
T. Leaming Smith, marine secretary, 232 Walnut Street.
ALLIED FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Organized 1918, cash capital $100,000. E. M. Hill, president; Carl
Van der Vort, secretary.
ALPHA GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Ltd., Cal-
cutta, India. Entered the United States in 1920 for re-insurance
business. Fester, Fothergill & Hartung. no William Street, New
York, N. Y., United States managers.
AMERICAN ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY of New
York was organized in February, 1897. The officers are: Charles G.
Smith, president; Edwin M. Cragin. secretary; Jesse E. White and
Alexander R. Phillips, assistant secretaries. W. H. Sage is general
manager of the western department at Chicago; W. L. Lerch, manager;
Geo. B. Sedgwick and Edward O. Basse, assistant managers; George
H. Tyson is general agent of the Pacific department at San Francisco,
Clifford Corny and Harry Benner, assistant general agents. The
company does an agency business throughout the United States.
Capital, $1,000,000, and net surplus, December 31, 1 921, $1,255,224.65.
The directors are: Arthur O. Choate, Ralph L. Cutter, Otto L. Dom-
merich, Herman C. Fleitmann, Eustis L. Hopkins, Samuel McRoberts,
Charles G. Smith, Howard C. Smith, Julius A. Stursberg. William
Wood. Earl D. Babst, John A. Garver, James A. Stillman, Charles D.
Norton and Philip Stockton.
AMERICAN AND FOREIGN MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY. New York. Organized 1896; capital, $300,000. W. L. H.
Simpson, president; W. A. W. Burnett, vice-president; J. E,
Hoffman, secretary and treasurer.
AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized 191 1, began business January i, 1912; capital,
$300.000.. Charles W. Disbrow. president; S. S. Williams, vice-presi-
dent; P. R. Ryan, secretary and treasurer. Transacts all kinds of
automobile insurance.
AMERICAN CENTRAL INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized 1853; capital, $1,000,000. B. G. Chapman,
Jr.. president; D. E. Monroe, vice-president; Harold M. Hess, secre-
tary; Conrad Roeder, assistant secretary; Roy W. Smith, assistant
secretary; Henry I. Rieman, assistant secretary.
10 Cyclopedia of Insurance
AMERICAN COMPANIES ORGANIZED OR CON-
TROLLED BY FOREIGN COMPANIES. A number of insurance
companies of other countries doing business in the United States
have organized or acquired the control of companies with American
charters. The following is the list May i, 1922.
Caledonian,
Owning Caledonian American, N. Y.
Commercial Union,
Owning Commercial Union Fire, N. Y.. and California Insuraooc
Company ,San Frandaco. American Central. St. Louie.
Liverpool and London and Globe,
Owning Star Insurance Company, New York, N. Y.
London and Lancashire,
Owning Orient. Hartford, and Safeguard. N. Y.
North British and Mercantile,
Owning Mercantile and Commonwealth Fire. N. Y.. and Penn-
sylvania Fire, Philadelphia.
Phcenix of London,
Owning Imperial Assurance. New Yorlc. and Columbia Fire,
Royal,
Owning Queen, N. Y.. and Newark Fire. Neu^ark. N. J.
General Accident.
Owning Potomac Fire. Washington. D. C.
Employers Liability,
Owning Employers Fire, Boston, Mass.
Ix>ndon Guarantee and Accident,
Owning United Fireman's. Philadelphia, Pa.
Norwegian Globe,
Owning General Casualty and Surety Re-insurance Company ,
New York, N. Y.
AMERICAN DRUGGISTS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1907; capital $300,000. C. H. Avery,
president; L. G. Heinritz, vice-president; F. H. Freericks, secretary
and general counsel; Walter Rothwell, treasurer.
AMERICAN EAGLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 80
Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. Organized 191 5; cash capital, $1,-
000,000. Henry Evans, chairman of the board of directors; J. A.
Swinnerton, president; Ernest Sturm, secretary and treasurer; F. R.
Millard, H. E. Maxson, E. A. Henne, C. W. Pierce, J. P. Breeden,
secretaries; Olaf Nordeng, W. W. Grove, assistant secretaries.
AMERICAN EQUITABLE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 92 Wil-
liam Street, New York, N. Y. Capital, $500,000. Richard A. Corroon.
president; Thomas A. Duffey, vice-president and secretary; John A,
Campbell, second vice-president.
AMERICAN FIRE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF NEW
YORK, established 19 19. Capital, $200,000. Carl F. Sturhahn, presi-
dent, B. N. Carvalho, vice-president; T. B. Boss, secretary and
treasurer. Fire re-insurance only.
FiRB Insurance Section 11
AMERICAN FOREIGN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, New
York, N. Y. Oreanized in September 191 8 for the purposes of extending
and promoting the operation of American companies in foreign countiies.
The officers are, president, E. G. Snow, Home, New York; vice-
presidents, R. M. Bissell, Hartford Fire; Charles G. Smith, Great
American; secretary, Wilfred Kurth, Home, New York, N. Y. Howard
P. Moore is general manager of the Association, and John Ferguson is
marine manager. The head office is at 80 Maiden Lane, New York,
N. Y. The following companies comprise the membership:
American of Newark, Continental, Fidelity- Phenix, Firemen's of
Newark, Fire Association, Glens Falls, Great American, Hartford
Fire, Home of New York, National of Hartford, New Hampshire
Fire. Niagara Fire, Phoenix of Hartford, Springfield Fire and Marine,
St. Paul Fire and Marine and Westchester Fire.
AMERICAN GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Portland,
Oregon, organized 1920. R. R. Knox, president; Roy H. Keagy, vice-
president; J. B. Bridgeford, secretary; Charles F. Milliman, treasurer.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE UNDERWRITERS,
THE, was established by American ocean marine insurance com-
panies March 31, 1898. On Mav 25th the following officers were
elected: Charles Piatt of Philadelphia, president of the Insurance
Company of North America, president; A. A. Raven, president of
the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company of New York, vice-presi-
dent ; L. AUyn Wight of New York, secretary ; A. J. Macdonald of
New York, treasurer. The functions of the Institute are advisory,
rather than legislative. Most of the marine insurance companies
are represented in the membership. The present officers, elected in
October, 1921, are: Wm. H. McGee, president; Louis F. Burke, vice-
president; Douglas F. Cox, secretary and treasurer; E. G. Driver,
assistant secretary, 25 South William Street, New York, N. Y.
AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, of Newark, N. J.,
was organized as a purely mutual fire and marine insurance company
and began business in February, 1846. The writing of marine insurance
was discontinued in 1855, but was resumed in 1^17, and at present
the company, in addition to writing fire and manne insurance, issues
motor vehicle, wind storm and tornado, sprinkler leakage, explosion
and riot and civil commotion policies.
In 1874, ^b^ company was reorganized as a stock company with
$600,000 scrip that had previously been issued, as capital, and the
further issue of scrip was discontinued. At that time it had a surplus
of $291,907, and was' admitted to transact business in New York.
In 1899, the company reinsured the risks of the Rockford Insurance
Company of Rockford, III., and during the past fifteen years repeated
additions have been made to the capital stock of the company. In
i907f $150,000 additional stock was issued and sold for $450,000,
one-third of which was added to capital and the remainder to a Special
Reserve fund under the provisions of the New Jersey law (1908 chapter
12 Cyclopedia of Insurance
258), and two years later the capital was further increased to an even
one million dollars by the issue of $250,000 stock which was sold to
stockholders at par, the market price of the stock then being about
200 per cent. No further change in the capital stock of the company
occurred until 19 17 when the amount was doubled by the issue of a
stock dividend of $1,000,000, and since that date the capital stood at
$2,000,000, until the early part of 192 1, when another million dollars
was added to the combined capital and surplus of the company, one-
half to each, by the issue of $500,000 additional stock which was sold at
200 per cent, or double the par value of the new shares, one-half the pro-
ceeds realized going to capital account and bringing the capital up to
$2,500,000, the remainder being added to surplus, thus increasing that
item, as of January i, 1 921, to $3,406,181.
The company is licensed to transact business throughout the
United States, except Vermont and Wyoming, and some of the out-
lying territories. It writes insurance also in Canada, Manitoba, Saskat-
chewan and Alberta. Policies entitled "The Jersey Fire Underwriters"
are also issued by the company throughout the United States.
The management of the Amencan has always been notably
conservative, but sufficiently and increasingly aggressive in late years,
as evidenced by the fact that the annual premium receipts were fully
doubled in the past eight years; they were more than nine times as
great as for the closing year of the past century, and the aggregate
premium income during the eight years since 191 2 was fully equal
to the total premium receipts during the preceding history of the
company of sixty-seven years. And that was accomplished with a
decrease in the ratio of losses to premium income which was barely
44.90 per cent for the past eight years, against 47.59 per cent for the
preced ing sixty-seven years and 46.24 per cent for the entire life of
the company.
C. Weston Bailey, president; Chas. E. Sheldon and William £.
Stewart, vice-presidents; John O. H. Pitney, vice-president and
counsel; Frederick Hoadley, secretary; Roy C. Vandertioof, assistant
secretary; Frank K. Mitchell, assistant secretary; Archibald C.
Cyphers, treasurer; Paul B. Sommers, superintendent of agencies.
AMERICAN MERCHANTS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Kansas City, Mo. Organized 19 19; capital paid in, $200,000. F. C.
Harvey, president; E. G. Trimble, vice-president; M. W. Belcher,
secretary; J. L. Ashton, treasurer. (Re-insurance business.)
AMERICAN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Providence, R. I. Organized 1877. John R. Freeman, president
and treasurer; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary and assistant treasurer;
Benj. G. Buttolph, Edwin D. Pmgree, Hovey T. Freeman, vice-presi-
dents.
AMERICAN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Indian-
apolis, Ind. Organized 1916. Dr. Sollis Runnels, president; F. H.
Irwin and J. P. Cook, vice-presidents; J. W. McGinety, secretary;
George W. Snyder, treasurer.
Fire Insurance Section 13
AMERICAN NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Columbus, O. Organized 1916; capital, paid-in, $500,000. Chauncey
B. Baker, president; Chas. S. M. Krumm and F. M. Ransbottom, vice-
presidents; John A. Dodd, secretary; O. A. Schenck, treasurer.
AMERICAN STEAMSHIP OWNER'S MUTUAL PROTEC-
TIVE AND INDEMNITY ASSOCIATION, Inc.. 49 Wall Street,
New York, N. Y. Organized 1917, Johnson & Higgins, Managers;
Russell H. Loines, secretary. (Marine Insurance.)
ANCHOR INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, or-
ganized 192 1, capital $1,000,000, president, Robert Van Iderstine;
vice-president, Wendell P. Barker; secretary, John T. Barker. Tran-
sacts fire reinsurance only. Office 27 William Street, New York.
ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ORDER OF THE BLUE
GOOSE, THE, was organized during the meeting of the Wiscon-
sin Field Men's Club at Green Lake, Wis., in >une, 1906. The
order conceived in a spirit of fun, developed a serious purpose,
and its objects are social and fraternal. The following officers
were elected: Most Loyal Grand Gander, Walter E. Atwater, of
the Commercial Union; His Highness, Supervisor of the Flock,
Dr. W. £. Golden, Atlas; Grand Custodian of the Goslings, W. W.
Conklin, Queen; Grand Wielder of the Goose Quill, George Heller,
Jr., North America; Grand Keeper of the Golden Goose Egg,
George A. Roberts, Detroit F. & M.; Guards to the Grand Custo-
dian of the Goslings, L. S. Wallace, Pennsvlvania Fire; C. H.
Silkworth, Springfield; M. M. Hawxhurst, Michigan F. & M. ; C. E.
Hilbert, Lon. & Lane; Robe Bird, New York Underwriters; O.
E. Lane, Providence Washington. At the meeting in November,
1907, a new constitution was adopted and the order changed into
a national organization, with the different state branch organiza-
tions known as "ponds." Officers elected at the annual meeting in
October, 1921, are: Most Loyal Grand Gander, M. L. Hawkhurst, Ann
Harbor, Mich.; Grand Supervisor of the Flock, W. P. Fess, Winnipeg,
Man.; Grand Custodian of the Goslings, John F. Stafford, Chicago,
111.; Grand Guardian of the Nest, W. E. Mallalieu, New York, N. Y.;
Grand Keeper of the Golden Goose Egg, H. V. Myers, Waterloo, Mich.;
Grand Wielder of the Goose Quill, Paul E. Rudd, Aetna, Milwaukee,
Wis.
ANTI-COMPACT LAWS. Legislation forbidding fire insur.
ance companies or agents to combine in compacts or boards of
underwriters, for the purpose of fixing, maintaining, and controlling
rates of insurance upon property appears to have had its birth in the
Michigan legislature of 1883. A bill was introduced, but failed of pass-
age, was reintroduced in the session of 1885, and again failed, but in the
session of 1887 the bill was again introduced and enacted into
law. Meanwhile the id^ had been taken up in Ohio, and in 1885 the
legislature of that state injected an anti-compact provision into a sec-
tion of the statutes prohibiting the removal of suits from state to federal
14 Cyclopedia of Insurance
courts, and enacted it into law. Ohio thus secured the credit of being
the first state to enact an anti-compact law. [For the progress and his-
tory of anti-compact legislation, see Cyclopedia for 1910-11 and earlier
volumes. For an account of proceedings a^nst companies for viola-
tions of the laws, or legal proceedings involving compacts, and decisions
therepn see Cyclopedia for 1904-5 and subsequent volumes and for a
review of the court's decision in the Iowa anti-compact case, and the
decision on the Arkansas law see Cyclopedia for 1906-7 and subsequent
volumes.] Anti-compact laws have given way to rate regulation and
anti-discrimination legislation in several states resulting in the repeal
of provisions prohibiting rating compacts or agreements. [See Uis-
crimination in Insurance Rates.] The anti-compact laws of Missouri
and Michigan were repealed in 191^, and the Washington law was
amended. There are, therefore, anti-compact laws now in force as
follows: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri,
Nebraska, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas,
Tennessee, Washington, and Wisconsin. A Virginia law prohibits
combinations of companies for the ]}urpose of regulating commissions
to agents, as do also the laws of Louisiana, Ohio, Nebraska, and South
Dakota. The laws of Arkansas, Louisiana, South Dakota, require the
filing of a sworn affidavit to the effect that the company has not
entered into a combination or agreement. [For full text of the anti-
compact laws see Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14, fire section, also Cyclopedia
for 1915.]
The South Carolina legislature enacted a law in 19 16, which
was signed by the governor and went into effect in March, and was
followed by a large number of companies suspending business in the
state. The legislature in 191 7 however repealed the law.
A Missouri law, enacted in 1915, entitled an act to regulate* fire in-
surance and rates of premium thereon, while permitting rating bureaus,
prohibits any ^;reement, contract or understanding between com-
panies or rating bureaus ''to .continue to use the rating record of any
actuarial bureau, to refrain from maintaining its own rating record,
or to maintain the rates fixed by any such actuarial bureau." Another
section has a proviso that nothing contained in the act " shall be
construed to repeal any anti-trust law now or hereafter in force in the
state."
Proceedings were brought against fire insurance companies in
Mississippi in 1920, and the companies withdrew from the state.
The proceedings had not been disposed of when this volume went to
press.
ARKANSAS ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS was
organized at Little Rock, June 12, 1901, by sixty-five agents of the
state. Officers were elected as follows: Allan Kennedy, Fort Smith,
president; A. W. Mills, Pine Bluff, secretary; W. Z. Tankersley,
Pine Bluff, treasurer. The officers elected at the annual meeting held
in April 1922, are: President, E. M. Allen, Helena; vice-president,
R. W. Newell; secretary and treasurer, C. C. Mitchener, Marianna.
FiEE Insurance Section 15
ARKWRIGHT MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Boston, Mass. Omnized i860. R. W. Toppan, chairman of Boaixl of
Directors; £. V. French, president; D. W. Bartlett, vice-president;
G. S. Young, secretary and treasurer; F. W. Jones and T. J. Barry,
assistant secretaries; H. F. Eaton, assistant treasurer.
ARSON. At common law arson is the malicious and wilful
baming of the house or outhouse of another. Arson was formerly
punishable with death, and is now in some states, but generally
It has been made a statutory offense and the statute prescribes the
penalty.
ASSOCIATION. OF MARINE UNDERWRITERS OF THE
UNITED STATES, New York, N. Y. The association was organized
in May, 19 18, and the working organization completed in August. The
objects are the promotion of the interests of American companies
wnting marine insurance. Officers were elected as follows: President,
Benjamin Rush, Insurance Company of North America; vice-presi-
dent, F. C. Buswell, Home; secretary and treasurer, F. H. Osbom,
of O. G. Orr & Co., New York. The present officers, elected in April
1922, are: Wm. H. McGee, president; F. C. Buswell, Home, N. Y.,
vice-president; S. D. McComb, secretary and treasurer; Ernest G.
EHiver, assistant secretary.
ASSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA of New York.
Organized 1897; capital, $200,ooa R. B. Rathbone, president;
Albert R. Ledoux, vice-president; Charles S. Conklin, secretary;
Rathbone Williams, assistant secretary, no William St.
ATLANTICA INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED, of
Gothenburg, Sweden, established, 1916. Capital, $500,000. Admitted
to the United States in 1921 to transact marine re-insurance only.
Carr & Co., United States Managers, Penn Terminal Building, New
York.
ATLANTIC CITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of At-
lantic City, N. J. Organized in 1902; capital, $200,000. Wm. Riddle,
president; James T. Bew, vice-president; Chas. E. Schroeder, secretary;
Richard Bew, treasurer.
ATLANTIC INLAND ASSOCIATION, an association com-
posed of ocean marine and fire and inland marine insurance com-
panies writing inland hulls on the Atlantic and gulf coasts, was
organized in March, ito>, for the purpose of preventing demoraliza-
tion in the Atlantic inland marine business. It makes a tariff and
provides rules and obligatory forms of policies. E. O. Weeks,
vice-president of the ^tna, was its first president, and Louis F.
Burke of the Home was its first secretarv and treasurer, and con-
tinues as such. J. B. Branch, president of the Providence- Washing-
ton, succeeded Mr. Weeks and continues as president; G. C. House,
16 Cyclopedia of Insurance
vice-president. The affairs of the association are handled by a com-
mittee which is composed of the following, the officers being ex-officio
members: H. Appleton, Hendon Chubb, Benjamin Rush, Wm. R.
Hedge, W. L. H. Simpson, W. F. Whittlesey, F. H. Cauty, H. W.
Beebe, S. D. McComb, and C. R. Page. The membership comprises
forty-two companies.
ATLANTIC INSURANCE COMPANY. Raleigh, N. C. Organ-
ized 1906; capital, $200,000. Charles E. Johnson, president; Jos.
G. Brown, vice-president; R. S. Busbee, secretary and treasurer.
ATLANTIC MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
(formerly Cotton Seed Crushers Mutual), Philadelphia, Pa. Or-
ganized 1905. F. A. Downes, president and treasurer; W. A, Wither-
spoon, vice-president; George C. Hopson, secretary.
ATLANTIC MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY of New
York. Organized 1842. Marine and inland transportation insur«
ance. Cornelius Eldert, president; W. W. Parsons, vice-president;
Charles E. Fay, third vice-president; Wm. D. Winter, second vice-
president; G. Stanton Floyd- Jones, secretary.
ATLAS ASSURANCE COMPANY (LIMITED), of London,
founded 1808, entered California for business in 1886, deposited $200,000
at Albany in 189 J, and entered New York state, having previously, in
1890, deposited $200,000 in Massachusetts, and entered most of the
northern and western states. It has subsequently deposited an addi-
tional $100,000 in New York, and it has also $100,000 deposited in Ohio,
$10,000 in New Mexico, $50,000 in Virginia, $10,000 in North Carolina,
and $10,000 in Georgia. The headquarters of the company for the
United States are 100 William Street, New York. The company
operates with two independent underwriting branches, of which
Oswald G. Boyle is manager at New York for States east of the Rocky
Mts. and Frank J. Devlin is manager for the Pacific department at San
Francisco. In 1898 the company purchased the King's County Insurance
Company and in 1904 absorbed the Manchester Assurance (Company of
Manchester, England, and continues the greater part of the agency plant
so obtained. It transacts a laree business in England and has branches
in most parts of the world. C. H. Falloon is the general manager at the
home office in London. Assets, United States branch, December 31,
192 1, $5,440,809; liabilities, $4,006,057; surplus to policyholders
$1,434,752.
ATWOOD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 80 Maiden Lane,
New York City. Organized 19 19, cash capital, $^00,000. Kimball
C. Atwood, president; P. C. Lounsbury, vice-president; Wilfrid C.
Potter, secretary; George H. Ackerman, treasurer.
AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Hartford, Conn.
Organized 19 13; capital, $2,000,000. Morgan G. Bulkeley, president;
M. B. Brainard, vice-president; C. H. Remington, vice-president and
Fire Insurance Section 17
treasurer; J. C. Harden, secretary; W. Ellwood Jones, secretary;
G. R. Fulton, assistant secretary; H. J. Parker, assistant secretary;
R. R. Stone, assistant secretary; W. L. Mooney, agency secretary;
M. G. Bulkeley, Jr., assistant treasurer; W. E. A. Bulkeley, auditor;
John S. Turn, secretary (New York Branch); C. R. Ebert, marine
secretary.
AUTOMOBILE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
40 Central Street, Boston, Mass. Organized 1914. Dean K. Webster,
president; A. Shirley Ladd, vice-president and secretary; Wm. A.
Thibodeau, treasurer; Daniel P. Walsh, assistant secretary; David
F. Butler, assistant treasurer.
AUTOMOBILE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF
AMERICA, Providence, R. I. Organized 1907. A. T. Vigneron,
president and treasurer; Frank N. Phillips, vice-president; Herbert
B. Vigneron, vice-president and assistant treasurer; John D. McLeod,
secretary; Henry W. Anderson, assistant secretary.
AUTOMOTIVE INSURANCE COMPANY, Mason City, Iowa.
Organized 1919; capital, paid in $100,000. The company re-insured
in the Iowa Manufacturers Insurance Company in 192 1 and retired.
AUTO OWNERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Lansing, Michi-
gan. Organized 1916. Col. J. C. McCullou^h, president; V. V. Moulton,
secretary and treasurer; F. P. Wright, vice-president and superinten-
dent of agencies; F. A. Wall, vice-president and adjuster.
B
BALTICA INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., Copenhagen,
Denmark. O'Keefe & Lynch, United States branch managers, 45
John street, New York, N. Y. (Transacts direct marine business and
fire reinsurance business). Franklin W. Fort, manager, fire reinsurance
department, New York, N. Y.
BALTIMORE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY. Balti-
more, Md. Organized 1880; capital, $500,000. John C. Distler
Jr., president; George A. Hax, vice-president; Louis Huether, Jr.*
vice-president, Edward J. Cook, secretary; Frederick L. C. Wehren-
berg, Jr., assistant secretary; Clyde E. Culp, general agent.
BALTIMORE EQUITABLE SOCIETY, Baltimore, Md. (mu-
tual fire insurance company). Organized 1794. Wilton Snowden,
treasurer; H. E. Rawhngs, secretary.
BALTIMORE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Baltimore, Md. Incorporated 1885; began business 1886. William
H. Purcell, president and treasurer; Ernst Schmeisser, vice-president;
George H. Steuart, secretary and assistant treasurer; Charles W.
Grant, Jr., assistant secretary.
BANKERS AND MERCHANTS FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Jackson, Miss., Organized 1922, capital $200,000. R. E.
Kennington, president; John E. King, vice-president; W. G. Sours,
secretary.
BANKERS AND SHIPPERS INSURANCE COMPANY. 59
John Street, New York, N. Y. Organized 191 8; capital, paid m
1,000,000 C. V. Meserole, president; L. R. Bowden, vice-president;
H. B. Lamy, Jr., vice-president and secretary; L. P. Tremaine, secre-
tary; R. Cholmeley- Jones, and H. N. Camp, assistant secretaries.
BANKERS AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lin-
coln, Nebraska. Organized 191 7; capital, $288,400. The company
was placed under control of the state insurance department in 192 1,
and is in process of liquidation.
BANKERS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lincoln, Neb.
Organized 1919; capital, $600,000. The company re-insured in March
1922.
BARNSTABLE COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Yarmouthport, Mass. Organized 1833. Frederick C.
Swift, president; John H. Clark, secretary and treasurer; J. E. Howes,
assistant secretary.
FiRB Insurance Section 19
BAY STATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Concord, Mass.
Organized 19 19; capital, paid in, $200,000. Prescott Keyes, president;
C. F. Bowers, secretary. (Fire reinsurance business.)
BAY STATE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Lawrence, Mass. Organized 1920, began business 192 1. Wm. H.
Moison, president; Lewis D. Goodwin, secretary.
BERKSHIRE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Pittsfield, Mass. Organized 1835. Henrv R. Peirson, president:
Chas. L. Hibbard, vice-president; Robt. A. Barbour, secretary and
treasurer; Chas. F. Reid, assistant secretary.
BIRMINGHAM FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh,
Pa. Organized 1871; capital, $200,000. Wm. Henning, president;
Joseph F. Ploe^, vice-president; A. J. Henning, secretary; A. G.
iCaufmann, assistant secretary.
BLACKSTONE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Organized 1868. Williani B. McBee, president and
treasurer; Charles H. Smith, vice-president and assistant treasurer;
Howarcf I. Lee, secretary; Frank T. Daniels, assistant secretary.
BLANKET POLICIES. In American underwriting a blanket
policy covers different kinds or different pieces of property under
the same form. Blanket policies are not considered good under-
writing, but are found to be necessary in many cases.
BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS OF ALLEGHENY
COUNTY, Pa. The association was reorganized as a company or-
^nization in 1915, and a new constitution took effect January i, 1916.
The officers of the association, elected in January, 1922: are, R- J*
Trimble, secretary; Ralph W. Henry, assistant secretary; Thomas D.
Kellar, treasurer; Governine Committee: Wm. Steinmeyer,Chairman;
F. S. Guthrie, E. H. Keller, Wm. J. Patterson, O. C. Hurst, F. J. Baer-
man, H. J. A. Finley, John B. Sirich, Wm. W. Flanegin. The office is
at 316 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS OF THE PACIFIC
came into existence in February, 1895, as the successor of the Pacific
Insurance Union, and inherited most of its dissensions. [For an
account of the struggle through the years 1885 and 1886 to bring the
competing and warring companies into harmonious combination,
with partial successes and failures, while demoralization in rates and
commissions continued, see the Cyclopedia for 1896-97, pages 63 and
64, and for events in 1887 see the Cyclopedia for 18^-1898.]
At the annual meeting in May, 1922, officers were elected as
follows: President, Georee W. Brooks; vice-president, Edwin Parrish;
secretary, J. C. McCaup^hern, assistant secretary, Arnold Hodgkinson.
The president and vice-president are members ex-officio of the
executive committee and under a board rule five members of the com-
mittee are elected in May and six in November.
20
Cyclopedia of Insurance
BOARD OF UNDERWRITERS OF NEW YORK. 51 Wall
Street, N. Y., which represents ocean marine companies doing business
in New York, was organized in 1820, and has been in uninterrupted
operation since. The present officers are: Cornelius Eldert, president;
Herbert Fuller, vice-president; Clayton Piatt, secretary; Walter D.
Despard, treasurer. The members of the board are:
American
American Equitable
American Merchant Marine
Atlantic Mutual
Automobile
Bankers and Shippers
Boston Insurance Company
Continental
Fidelity Phenix
Fireman's Fund
Globe and Rutgers Fire
Insurance Company of North America
National Fire, Hartford
National of Copenhagen
National Union Fire
Scandinavian American
Union of Havana
Washington Marine
BOSTON BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was organ-
ized November 14, 1882. The Board was re-organized in 1919 and a
new constitution adopted. Alfred Davenport, president; H. H.
Whitney, vice-president; William H. Winkley, manager; F. E. Cabot,
secretary and treasurer. The Advisory Committee consists of repre-
sentatives of the following companies: Commercial Union Assurance,
New Hampshire Fire, Great American, Rhode Island, Firemen; Royal
Exchange and the following local members, William Gilmour, Edward
F. Woods and C. H. J. Kimball. Executive Committee: Arthur N.
Bruerton, G. S. Rosencrantz, George Neiley, H. W. Porter, C. H. Wil-
son.
BOSTON INSURANCE COMPANY, 87 Kilby Street, Boston,
Mass. Organized 1873; capital, $1,000,000. William R. Hedge, presi-
dent; Herbert Fuller and Henry R. Hedge, vice-presidents; Freeman
Nickerson, secretary; Wm. J. Chisholm, John M. Eaton, and M. M.
Veazie, assistant secretaries; Edmund Winchester, manager fire
department; I. Lloyd Greene, co-manager fire department.
BOSTON MANUFACTURERS MUTUAL FIRE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Boston, Mass. Organized 1850. Joseph P.
Gray, president; L. H. Kunhardt, vice-president and engineer; H. L.
Carter, vice-president and engineer; J. W. Lord, vice-president and
engineer; H. Dwight Hall, secretary; Otto F. Hauck, assistant secre-
tary; F: W. Harvey, assistant secretary; E. F. Robinson, treasurer,
John B. Seward, assistant treasurer; E. T. Fillebrown, assistant
treasurer. 31 Milk Street.
BOSTON PROTECTIVE DEPARTMENT has grown and
developed out of small beginnings. In 1849 its sole equipment
consisted of two canvas bags, each containing three oil covers. The
headquarters were located in the insurance office of Dobson & Jor-
dan, No. 50 State Street.
October i, 1868, the first company was organized by Assistant
Engineer W. A. Green of the fire department, and consisted of nine
men, the driver being the only permanent man and up to March 29,
Fire Insurance Section 21
1874, the department was maintained by voluntary contributions.
In 1874 the legislature granted a charter to the organization, which
was accepted March 11, immediately after its passage, and a code of
by-laws adopted. The original title " The Boston Protective Depart-
ment," was retained in the corporate name, and the fire insurance
companies doing business in Boston are required to maintain it.
The department consists of three companies and a force of 71 men.
Samuel Abbott, Jr., was appointed superintendent in 1880 and con-
tinued at the head of the department until July i, 1920, when he retired
on a pension and H. E. Thompson was appointed his successor. [See
Cyclopedia for 1913-14 for history of the organization.]
The forty-seventh annual report of the department for the year
ending December 31, 192 1, gave the number of alarms as 5,268,of
which 4840 were for fires, and of these 1,750 occurred in brick and
stone buildings, 1,267 in wooden buildings, concrete blocks 37, re-in-
forced concrete 41, iron clad 6, fire-proof i, and 1,738 outside. Of these
fires, 2,725 were confined to the floors where they originated, 257
to the buildings where they originated, 97 extended to adjoining
property, and 23 extended beyond adjoining property, originating
in automobiles 231, not originating in buildings, 1,467, not originating
in, but involving buildings, 40. The total loss on buildings and con-
tents, $4,010,200.47; total insurance involved, $67,791,845.47; aiid
the total insurance loss was $3,751,560.18. The insurance loss on
buildings was $1,252,479.09 and on contents, $2,499,081.09. The
loss on buildings and contents, direct loss, was $3,933,038.60, and on
buildings and contents, exposure losses, was $77,161.87. The total
rent losses were $6,957.87, and sprinkler losses (no fire) $1^,379.31.
Some of the principal causes of fire, involving loss, were: matches, 513;
smoking, 236; overheated stacks and chimneys, 51 ; hot ashes and coals,
30; gas and petroleum and its products, 60; open lights, 107; stoves,
boilers, and pipes, 90; incendiary, 16; spontaneous combustion, 45;
electricity, 72; explosions, 70; sparks, arising from combustion, rubbish
and litter, 133; and there were also 275 fires of unknown origin.
The officers of the department elected at the annual meeting in
March, 192 1, are: Henry M. Fenton, president; Charles H. J.
Kimball, vice-president; Charles W- Gooding, secretary and treasurer;
H, E. Thompson, superintendent. The secretary's office is at 40 Pur-
chase Street, Boston, Mass.
BRITISH AMERICA ASSURANCE COMPANY of Toronto,
Can., incorporated 1833. W. B. Meikle, President and General
Manager.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY (Limited), of Liverpool, Eng. VV. L. H. Simpson, manager
and attorney; John E. Hoffman, secretary, New York.
BRITISH GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY. LTD..
London, Eng. Entered the United States in 1920. Henry W. Brown &
Co., United States managers. 80 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y.
Transacts fire insurance business.
22 Cyclopbdia op Insurance
BROKER, TERM DEFINED. The insurance laws of a few
states define who are brokers. Such laws are in force in Colorado,
Connecticut, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mis-
souri, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington. [For full text of the laws
enacted prior to 1914, see Cyclopedia for 1913-14. See also Cyclopedia
for 1915, fire section.]
The laws in their terms are with few exceptions practically the
same, and define a broker as: " Whoever for compensation acts or aids
in any manner in negotiating contracts of insurance or reinsurance, or
placine risks or effecting insurance or reinsurance for a person other
than himself, and not being the appointed agent, or officer of the
company in which such insurance or reinsurance is effected, shall be
deemed an insurance broker."
The Kansas law, however, limits the definition to anyone placing
insurance in an unauthorized company; and the New York law
defines a broker as " any person, partnership, association, or corpora-
tion, who for money, commission, or anythmg of value, acts or aids
in any manner on behalf of the insured " m negotiating or placing con-
tracts of insurance, including surety bonds. The Virginia law de-
fines a broker as any person who shall solicit for compensation any
policy of insurance ** either on account of any person desiring to effect
such insurance or any insurance company, except the duly authorized
agent (or a clerk actualljr employed in his office) of any insurance com-
pany licensed to do busmess in this state," and ** any insurance agent
(or a clerk actually employed in his office) who shall solicit, directly
or indirectly, any nre, marine, or other insurance, either on account of
any person desiring to effect any such insurance, or on account of any
insurance company licensed to do business in this state, other than
for the insurance company or companies for which he is the duly
authorized agent."
The Washington law defines a broker as "any person who solicits
insurance to be placed in an insurance company other than repre-
sented by him."
The South Carolina legislature in 19 16 enacted a law regulating
brokerage business and Section i of the act declares the term insur-
ance broker as used in the act " to be such person as shall be licensed
by the insurance commissioner to represent citizens of this state for
the placing of insurance to insurers licensed in this state or in any
other state or country."
BUCKEYE NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Toledo, Ohio. Organized 1914; cash capital, $101,470. H. M.
Barfield, president; Charles Feilbach, O. D. Tiffany and D. L. Dur-.
bin; vice-presidents; H. S. Basset t, secretary and treasurer; E. H.
Norton, assistant secretary; Charles H. Harraden, managing under-
writer.
BUCKEYE UNION INSURANCE COMPANY, Lima, Ohio.
Organized 1918; Elmer D. Webb, president; Ira E. Wagner, secretary.
Automobile insurance.
Fi£B Insurance Section 23
BUCKS COUNTY CONTRIBUTIONSHIP, Morrisvillc, Pa.,
was organized in 1809 by the Quaker farmers of Bucks county, Pa..
and is still doing business in a conservative way. It is a mutual
company, insuring farm and city buildings, a^d its full name is "The
Bucks County Contributionsbip for Insuring Houses and Other Build-
ings from Loss by Fire." Its bqsiness is confined to Pennsylvania and
New Jersey. The officers are: Henry W. Comfort, president, and
William Bishop, secretary.
BUFFALO INSURANCE COMPANY, Buffalo, N. Y. Organ-
ized 1867; capital, (400,000. John G. Wickser, president; Edwin B.
Eggert, vice-president; Fred Greiner, second vice-president; Charles
A. Georger, secretary; Louis W. Fisher and H. M. Miller, assistant
secretaries.
BURLINGTON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Burlington, Vt. Organized 1906; C. W. Brownell, president; J. L.
Southwick, vice-president; E. S. Adsit, vice-president; E. W. J.
Hawkins, secretary; J. H. Macomber, treasurer.
c
CALEDONIAN- AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY of
New York. Organized 1897; capital, $200,000. Charles H. Post,
president; R. C. Christopher, vice-president and secretary; H. E.
Franck, assistant secretary.
CALEDONIAN INSURANCE COMPANY of Edinburgh be-
gan business in United States in 1890, reinsuring the Anglo-Nevada.
Charles H. Post, United States manager, R. C. Christopher, assistant
manager; H. E. Franck, branch secretary, 50 Pine Street, New York,
N. Y.
CALIFORNIA INSURANCE COMPANY, San Francisco.
Cal. Re-organized 1905 (organized 1861): capital, $1,000,000. C. J.
Holman, president; W. E. Dean, vice-president; George W. Brooks,
secretary; Benton A. Siflord, assistant secretary.
CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL FIRE INSURANCE
AGENTS, was organized at a meeting held in Oakland in 1908, and
I. H. Clay was elected president and Fred W. Le Ballister, secretary.
The present officers, elected in May, 192 1, are: President, Matt T.
Mancha, San Francisco; vice-president, P. H. Goodwin, San Diego;
second vice-president, W. T. Rambo, San Jose; secretary and treasurer,
J. H. Engelhart, Los Angeles.
CALVERT MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore.
Md. Organized 19 17. John H. Richardson, president; Charles
Goldsborough, vice-president and treasurer; Thomas C. Grove, sec-
retary and manager.
CAMBRIDGE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Andover, Mass. Incorporated 1833; began business 1834. Burton S.
Flagg, president; Frederic G. Moore, secretary.
CAMDEN FIRE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, Camden,
N. J. Organized 1841; capital, $1,250,000. Edmund E. Read, Jr.,
president; J. Lynn Truscott, vice-president: Joseph K. Sharp, secre-
tary and treasurer: John F. Gilliams, secretary; Millwood Truscott,
Norman B. Stinson, Elwood S. Thompson and Barry Truscott, assist-
ant secretaries.
CANCELLATION. The fire insurance policy provides for
cancellation at any time by cither the owner of the property or the
company, by giving legal notice. If cancelled by the insured the
premium is returned, less the short rate for the expired time. If
cancellation is desired by the company the pro rata portion of the
Fire Insurance Section 25
premium must be returned before cancellation is complete. Notice
alone is not sufficient, and the notice must state unconditionally a spe*
cific time for cancellation. Cancellation may be affected by agree-
ment between the parties and the right to notice, or return of the un>
earned premium, waived, but generally notice must be given and
tender of the unearned premium made in order to affect a legal can-
cellation. The following is the cancellation clause as contained in the
New York standard fire insurance policy, which practically is in use
throughout the whole country:
" This policy shall be cancelled at any time at the request of the insured; or by
the company by giving five days' notice of such cancellation. If this policy shall be
cancelled as hereinbefore provided, or become void or cease, the premium having
been actually paid, the unearned portion shall be returned on surrender ot this pol-
icy or last renewal, this company retaining the customary short rate; except that
when this policy is cancelled by this company by giving notice it shall retain only the
pro rata premium."
CAPITAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Concord. N. H.
Organized 1886; capital, $300,000. Charles L. Jackman, president;
Edward G. Leach, vice-president; A. R. Kendall, secretary; Josiah
£. Femald, treasurer; Freeman T. Jackman, assistant secretary.
CAPITAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA,
Sacramento, Cal. Organized 1912; capital, paid in, $225,000. Rolla
V. Watt, president; James D. Meredith, vice-prdsident; F. B. Kellam,
second vice-president; F. H. Farr, secretary; J. S. Gattmann, treasurer;
E. W. Trenbath, assistant secretary.
CAROLINA INSURANCE COMPANY, Wilmin^on, N. C-
Organized 1887; capital, $50,000. H. C. McQueen, president; R. A-
Parsley, vice-president: M. S. Willard, secretary.
CENTRAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore, Md.
Organized 1865; capital, $500,000. John P. Lauber, president; Charles
H. Koppelman, vice-president; Charles H. Roloson, Jr., secretary.
CENTRAL MANUFACTURER'S MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANY, Van Wert, Ohio. Organized 1876. H. V. Olney, pres-
ident; C. A. L. Purmort, secretary and manager.
CENTRAL NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Des Moines, la. Organized 191 6, began business 1917; capital paid
in, $500,000. George J. Delmege, president; Homer Miller and F. C.
Waterbury, vice-presidents; Theo F. Grefe, secretary; A.H.Watson,
assistant secretary; Simon Casady, treasurer; Chas. O. Goodwin,
superintendent of agents.
CENTRAL STATES FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Wich-
ita, Kansas. Organized 1915; capital $250,000. Roy E. Eblen, presi-
dent; S. M. LaRose, vice-president; Dan F. Callahan, secretary and
treasurer; B. G. Mains, assistant secretary.
26 Cyclopedia of Insurance
CENTRAL TRACTION AND LIGHTING BUREAU, New
York. Organized in IQ09 by fire insurance companies, and its objects
are the inspection and improvement of traction property and power
plants. Elliott Middleton, i Liberty Street, New York is secretary.
The officers, elected at the annual meeting in December, 192 1, are:
H. A. Smith, National, president; R. B. Ives, Aetna, Chicago, vice-
president; C. G. Smith, Great American, treasurer; E. B. Hatch,
Chicago, Western secretary; C. A. Ludlum, Home, N. Y., chairman
executive committee.
CENTURY INSURANCE COMPANY, Ltd., Edinburgh,
Scotland. Henry W. Brown & Co., Philadelphia, and New York,
United States managers. United States branch, 80 Maiden Lane,
New York.
CHICAGO BOARD OF UNDERWRITERS. The first board
of underwriters of Chicago was organized in 1849. W. Dole, who
represented a company now long defunct, the Columbus Insurance
Company of Ohio, was the first president, and John C. Dodge was
secretary. After this organization fell to pieces another board was
formed in 1856, with the pioneer insurance man of Chicago, Gar-
den H. Hubbard of the iEtna, as president, and J. Kearney Rodgers
as secretary and surveyor. In 1861 this organization was duly
incorporated by the legislature as the Chicago Board of Under-
writers.
Followmg the great fire the board was reorganized February
22, 1872, with S. M. Moore as president, General A. C. Ducat, vice-
president; J. Goodwin, Jr., treasurer, and Alfred Wright, secretary.
The career of the board was undisturbed until 1880, when, because
of violent internal dissensions, a number of members withdrew,
and, on January 27, started a rival organization, to which they gave
the name of the Underwriters' Exchange. The first officers were
Robert J. Smith, president ; William E. Rollo, vice-president ; and
R. N. Trimingham, secretary. The two bodies continued their
labors on parallel lines for five years, sometimes in harmony, but
more often in hostility, until in 1885, after repeated efforts, a union
of forces was effected. A new organization was created (the Chi-
cago Fire Underwriters' Association), and into this the Exchange
was merged. The board members also became members of the
association, but the Board of Underwriters was continued. In January
1906, the by-laws were amended and the membership greatly enlarged
by the admission of the members of the Chicago Underwriters Asso-
ciation, which then ceased to exist. Officers were elected at the an-
nual meeting in 1922, as follows: W. E. Witherbee, president; L. M.
Drake, vice-president; J. B. Nowakowski, secretary; George R.
Roberts, treasurer; H. H. Glidden, manager; J. S. Glidden, assistant
manager. The office is at 1 75 W. Jackson Boulevard.
Fire Insurance Section 27
CHICAGO FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Chicaffp, 111. Organized 1922; capital $1,000,000. President, Harold
M. O'orien; vice-president, Frederick O'Brien; secretaries, William J.
Nolan and Charles McCabe, Jr.; treasurer, Willet M. Poitter.
CHRISTIANIA GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Christiania, Norway. Organized 1847. Entered the United States in
191 8. J. M. Wennstrom, United States manager, 100 William St.,
New York, N. Y. (Fire reinsurance business.)
CINCINNATI EQUITABLE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Mutual), Cincinnati, O. Organized 1826. Frank J. Jones, presi-
dent; E. H. Ernst, secretary.
CINCINNATI FIRE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION OF
Cincinnati, Ohio. (1304 First National Bank Building). W. S.
Hukill, Jr., president; Joseph T. Dillhoff, vice-president; Joseph F.
Schweer, secretary and treasurer. Annual meeting second Thursday
in January. Executive Committee meets every two weeks.
CITIZENS INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo. Or-
ganized 1837; capital, $200,000. Charles E. Chase, president; R. M,
Bissell, vice-president; J. H. Carr, vice-president; F. C. White, vice-
president; P. O. Crocker, secretary; George Gordon, assistant secre-
tary; Thos. H. Scotland, assistant secretary; G. A. Russell, assistant
secretary.
CITIZENS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, IN THE
TOWN OF BRIGHTON, Concord, Mass. Incorporated 1846. George
W. Hinkley, president; Adams Tolman, secretaiy; E. R. Howard,
assistant secretary; Prescott Keyes, vice president and treasurer;
C. F. Bowers, vice-president and assistant treasurer.
CITY INSURANCE COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
Sunbury, Pa. Organized 1870; (re-incorporated, 1920.) capital, paid
in, $600,000. J. Harris Lenker, president; P. H. Fuhrmann, vice-
president; Ambrose Persing, treasurer; A. F. O'Daniel, secretary and
underwriting manager; C. W. Voellger, assistant secretary.
CITY OF NEW YORK INSURANCE COMPANY, New York,
(56 Cedar Street.) Organized 1905; capital, $1,000,000. Elbridge G.
Snow, president; Frederic C. Bus well, Clarence A. Ludlum, Charles L.
Tyner, Frank E. Burke, vice-presidents; Wilfred Kurth, vice-president
and secretary; Vincent P. Wyatt, assistant secretary; Ferd. Ermisch,
assistant secretary. Control of this company was acquired by interests
identified with the Home Insurance Company of New York in 1920.
28 Cyclopedia of Insurance
CLEVELAND NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Cleveland, Ohio. Incorporated 191 1, began business 1914; capital,
paid up, $839,580. E. Kimball, president; Archibald Kemp, secretary
and treasurer and nianaging underwriter; Wm. C. Doolittle, assistant
secretary and treasurer.
CO-INSURANCE CLAUSE IN FIRE UNDERWRITING.
The 80 per cent, co-insurance clause, which was adopted by fire
insurance companies and associations, went into effect on rated
risks in New York, New England, and many of the principal
cities from 1892 to 1899, but encountered considerable opposition
from property owners almost solely because it was not understood,
and excited hostile legislation in a large number of legislatures.
Laws prohibiting the co-insurance clauses are in force, there-
fore, in twelve states: Missouri (1893, modified in 1903 and 19 15 as to
cities), Iowa (1897 and 191 1), Louisiana (1894 and 1908), Indiana
(1895 ^^^ I90i)f Georgia (valued policy law, 1895), Michigan (1895,
1907, and 1913), Wisconsin (1897), New Jersey (1900), Texas (191 1
and 1913), Minnesota (1895, 1903, and 1915), Tennessee (1893 and
1903), North Carolina (19 15 standard policy law), South Dakota
(standard policy law).
The laws with the exception of those of Texas and Louisiana are
optional; that is, permit the use of the clause upon the application of
or the written consent of the insured. The Texas law, however, per-
mits the use of the clause in policies covering cotton, grain or other
products in process of marketing, shipping, storing or manufacture.
The Louisiana law does not apply " to personal or movable property "
whenever the words: *' This policy is issued subject to the conditions
of the co-insurance clause attached hereto," are stamped on the face
and back of the policy. The Missouri law contains a provision that
the section shall not apply to policies " upon personal property " in
cities of 100,000 population or more, " Whenever the insured sign an
agreement endorsed across the face of said policy to be exempt from
the provisions thereof." The South Dakota law permits the use of
the clause, which is styled " reduced rate average clause," on writ-
ten application of the insured, and provided " such company shall
before accepting such application, inform the applicant of the rates
of premium demanded with and without such clause." The Wis-
consin and North Carolina laws require the same information regard-
ing the rate to be given, and the commissioner of North Carolina has
ruled that neither broker nor agent is permitted to sign an application
for the use of the co-insurance clause, but the insured must make
the application. The Minnesota law permits the use of the clause in
pK>licies of $5,000 or more, " if the insured requests the same in writ-
ing, and, if, in consideration thereof, a reduction in the rate of pre-
mium is made. The Tennessee law requires that if the clause is accepted
by the insured " it shall be a condition precedent to its validity " that
a reduction in rate has been allowed. The reduction to be allowed is
specified, and is dependent on the percentage clause used. The clause
can apply only in cities and towns having a population of more than
15,000.
Fire Insurance Section 29
Iowa, while requiring written request, provides that in no case
shall the clause apply " to dwellings or farm property nor to any risk
where the value of property insured is less than $25,000," except grain
elevators and warehouses and their contents.
The laws of Iowa, Michigan, and South Dakota not only prescribe
the form of application for the use of the clause, but also prescribe the
form of the clause itself. The Michigan clause is a part of the appli-
cation and reads: —
** It is hereby agreed that the assured shall maintain insurance during the life
of this policy upon the property hereby insured, to the extent of at least
per cent, of the actual cash value thereof, and that failing to do so. the assured shall
be a co-insurer to the extent of the difference between the amount insured and the
said per cent, of the cash value, and to that extent shall bear his. her
or their proportion of any loss. It is also agreed that if this policy be divided into
two or more items, the foregoing conditions shall apply to each item separately: "
The South Dakota form, which is styled the " reduced rate aver-
age clause," reads:
It is a part of the consideration for this policy and the basis upon which the
rate of premium is fixed that the assured shall maintain insurance on the property
described in this policy to the extent of at least per cent, of the actual cash
value thereof, and that failing to do so. the assived shall be a co-insurer to the extent
of such deficit and to that extent shall bear his. her or their proportion of any loss;
and it is expressly agreed that in case there shall be more thain one item or division
in the form of this policy, this clause shall apply to each and every item.
The clause prescribed by the Iowa law reads:
In consideration of the acceptance by the insured ot a reduction in premiums
from the established rate of per cent, to per cent, it is hereby agreed
that the insured shall maintain insurance during the life of this policy upon the prop-
erty insured:
I. To the extent of dollars, or
a. To the extent of at least per cent, of the actual cash value thereof
at the time of fire (whichever may be agreed upon) and, that failing to do
so the insured shall be a co-insurer to the extent of such deficit.
The Wisconsin legislature in 191^ passed an act authorizing the
following either in the policy or as a rider:
A i>rovision that the insured shall bear the first part of any loss as provided
therein to a specified percentage not exceeding five per centum of the amount of in-
In any case of loss, the company or insurer shall pay the excess after deducting
from the adjustment the part aforesaid. No such provision shall be valid unless
there be stamped, written, or printed upon the filing back of the policy, an indorse-
ment hereby authorized, which shall read: " Rate reduced from $ to
$ , in consideration of the insured bearing the first part of any loss as
herein provided." Both blanks must be filled.
Kentucky in 19 16 enacted a law which is a paragraph of the val-
ued policy law, but which provided that the valued policy provisions
should not apply to policies containing a co-insurance clause, the use
of which is authorized in the following terms:
It shall be lawful for corporations, firms or individuals doing a fire insurance
business in this State to contract with the assured that the assured shall during the
life of suc^ contract, maintain insurance upon the property insured to the extent of
an agreed proportion of the actual cash value of the property at the time that a fire
occurs, and ti»t should the assured fail to do so, the assured shall be a co-insurer to
the extent that the insurance then in force is less than the amount of such agreed
proportion, and to that extent shall as such co-insurer bear his part of any loss.
30 Cyclopedia of Insurance
It is provided further that " the acceptance of such contract
shall be at the option of the assured and that a reduced rate shall be
given when such clause is used.'' [For text of laws enacted prior to
1914 see Cyclopedia for 1913-14 and also Cyclopedia for 1915.]
THE CO-INSURANCE CLAUSE DEFINED
What is known in the United States as " co-insurance " has
been common to marine underwriting under the name of " average "
from the earliest knowledge we have of insurance. The principle
involved is that of a common peril shared by all interested. If any
portion of a cargo was jettisoned in order to save the rest, or if the
whole cargo was thrown overboard to save the ship, all whose interests
were imperiled contributed to make good the loss. In fire insur-
ance the principle is applied to all policies issued in France, Belgium,
Germany, and Russia.^ It is used in floating policies in the United
Kingdom, and in English policies in Egypt, India, China, and Japan.
It has been used in a desultory fashion in the United States, at dif-
ferent times, but it is only within a few years that a serious attempt
has been made to apply co-insurance universally to fire insurance pol-
icies in this country.
The principle is that the entire property at risk should bear the
burden of the loss of any part of it. That can only be done when
the property is either fully insured or is totally destroyed. The co-
insurance clause is only operative in partial losses, which are a large
percentage of the fire losses. In these cases the owner contracts that
he will either carry insurance to the limit required, or himself become
a co-insurer for the deficiency. Without this clause the underwriter
cannot intelligently rate any risk. Property worth $10,000 and in-
sured for $10,000 IS a very different risk from the same property in-
sured for $1,000. In the one case the destruction of one-tenth of the
property means a 10 per cent, loss, and in the other case it means a
total loss. The two risks cannot properly be written at the same rate,
because they do not involve the same hazard. The effect of the uni-
versal application of the principle would be that the amount of insur-
ance would be somewhat increased, the premium rate would be re-
duced, while rates would be equalized as between the owners who have
heretofore carried partial insurance and those who have carried full
insurance. For some reason, which it would be difficult to explain,
except upon the hypothesis that the property-owner does not know
the exact value of his property, but that he ought to be able to guess
within a named percentage of it, the clause which came into use in
the United States was known as the " percentage co-insurance clause/'
and read:
If at the time of fire the whole amount of insuiance on the property covered
by this policy shall be less than per cent, of the actual cash value
thereof, this company shall in case of loss or damage be liable for only such portion
of such loss or damage as the amount insured by this policy shall bear to the said
per cent, of the actual cash value of such property.
Fire Insurance Section 31
The French clause translated reads:
If at the time of a fire the value of the objccta covered by the policy la found to
caoeed the total of the inturaaoe. the aamired it comidered aa having remained Ut
own inrarer for that ezceM. and he it to bear In that character hia propMtion of the
The German clause employed is:
If in case of a fire the insured objects should exceed the sum insured, and they
should be partly saved, the assured will be considered as self-insurer for the excess,
and is to bear his share of the loss pro rata.
To_ make another illustration of the operation of the co-insurance
clause in the United States policy: suppose the percenta^ inserted
in the clause is 80, if the whole amount of insurance at time of fire
be less than eighty per cent, of value of the insured property, the owner
must bear his share of any loss for the difference between the total
amount of insurance carried and eighty per cent, of the value of the
property insured, just as though he were an insurance company and
had issued his policy for this amount. Thus, with a stock of ^oods
worth $10,000 and an insurance of only $5,000, $8,000 would be eighty
per cent, of value, which would make the owner, in case of a fire, be
mterested to the extent of $3,000, just as though he were an insur-
ance cpmpany and had issued a policy insuring his own property for
$3,000. This would make the necessary $8,000 insurance, or eighty
per cent, of value, he haying become a co-insurer with the regular in-
surance company, having its policy on the risk for $5,000. A £e doing
a damage, say, of $4,000, would be paid for in the following way:
Regular insurance company would pay five-eighths of $4,000 or $2,500
Owner would pay to himself (his share) x.500
Making up the whole loss $4,000
Suppose now that his regular insurance had been $8,000, the
co-insurance clause would cost him nothing, as the regular insur-
ance company would pay him "as the amount of insurance shall
bear eighty per cent, of value," which means, in this case, the regular
company would pay him eight-eighths of $4,000, or his full loss.
On the other hand, suppose the property to have been entirely
destroyed, or a total loss, he would get the full amount of his regular
insurance, because five-eighths of $10,000 would amount to more than
the face of the policy.
Again, suppose a man with $10,000 value is insured in the old
way for but $5,000, a rate of one per cent., making his yearly premium
$50, and a fire causes loss of $5,000. He collects this from the com-
panies, while his neighbor, with the same value, hazard, and rate,
gets insured for $8,000, at a cost of $80 per annum, and he has a dam-
age of $5,000; the one gets the same as the other gets, only No. i has
paid less than No. 3 paid for his insurance, while if the eighty per
cent, co-insurance clause were a part of both contracts, No. i would
have received from the companies but $3,125, while No. 3, who had
enough to satisfy the demands of the eighty per cent, co-insurance
clause, would receive his full loss, or $5,000.
32 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Small fires being by far the more common, and, it may be added,
by far the more expense to the companies, rates can be made with
more fairness on the basis of co-insurance than without it.
The use of the co-insurance or 'average clause was made obliea-
tory in Great Britain on floating policies in 1828 (see Walford's Cyclo-
pedia), but the clause adopted was a long one. It can be found on
pages 332-3, Vol. I.
COLONIAL ASSURANCE COMPANY OF THE CITY
OF NEW YORK, New York. Organized 1896; capital, $200,000.
Leo H. Wise, president; E. E. Hall and D. S. Walton, vice-presidents;
F. S. Powell, Jr., secretary, 80 Maiden Lane.
COLUMBIA INSURANCE COMPANY, Dayton, Ohio. Or-
ganized 1881; capital, $150,000. O. I. Gunckel, president; Herman
Rice, secretary.
COLUMBIA INSURANCE COMPANY, Jersey City, N. J.
Organized 1901 ; capital, $400,000. Transacts Marine, Transportation,
Automobile, Fire and Sprinkler Leakage Insurance. Percival Beres-
ford, president; Herbert W. Ellis, vice-president; Frank H. Cauty,
vice-president and marine manager; Howard Terhune, secretary.
COLUMBIAN INSURANCE COMPANY OF INDIANA,
Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 191 1; capital, $241,073. Matthew F.
Gartland, president; M. F. Gill and Jacob Buennagel, vice-presidents;
Edward T. Lyons, secretary and treasurer; A. M. Wagner, superin-
tendent of agencies.
COLUMBIAN NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Lansing, Mich. Organized 191 1, began business 1913; capital, paid
up, $976,675. T. A. Lawler, president; W. D. Laurence, secretary and
treasurer.
COMMERCE INSURANCE COMPANY, Albany, N. Y.
Chartered 1859; capital, $200,000. E. Darwin Jenison, president;
Frank Van Benthuysen, vice-president; C. R. Whitehead, secretary;
Frederick W. Stein, assistant secretary.
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE COMPANY was
organized in London in 1861, and came into the United States through
the Golden Gate, establishing an agency in San Francisco in 1870. It
was admitted to New York, and began a general business throughout
the country, in 187 1, under the management of Alliger Brothers. At
the close of 187 1 its assets in the United States were $346,037. In 1877
Alfred Pell was appointed to the United States Management. In 1878
Charles Sewall became assistant-manager and manager in November
1885, ^nd so continued until his death in December I8p8. He was
succeeded by Alexander H. Wray in February, 1899, retirmg March i,
1920, when he was succeeded by Whitney Palache. F. W. Koeckert is
Fire Insurance Section S3
assistant manager — his appointment dating 1920, when he succeeded
Clarence E. Porter, who took charge of the Western Department.
F. A. Rye is now western manager. William M. Ballard is branch
secretary — ^his appointment dating 1901. 114 Fifth Avenue.
The Commercial Union Assurance Company closed the year 1921
with: —
Aflsetfl $14,057,803.84
Net surplus 4,496,434.22
Premium income 8,399,61 i.oo
COMMERCIAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
New York City. Organized 1890; capital, $200,000. Whitney Palache,
president; F. W. Koeckert, vice-president; Wm. M. Ballard, secretary;
1 14 Fifth Avenue, New York City, N. Y.
Commercial Union Fire Insurance Co. closed the year of 192 1 with i-
Assets $1,968,090.62
Net surplus 370,448.31
Premium Income 1,437,129.00
COMMONWEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, of
New York, 76 William Street, New York City. Organized 1886; capital,
$500,000; Cecil F. Shallcross, president; E. T. Cairns, C. R. Perkins,
W. S. Alley, C. E. Case, vice-presidents; R. P. Barbour, secretary.
COMPANIES ORGANIZED OR PROJECTED IN 192 1.
FiuB AND Mauni Insukancb CoicrANixs.
Name Proposed
Capital
American Fire Reinsurance, Davenport, la $200,000
American General Insurance Co., Chicago, III 300,000
American Standard Fire, Nashville, Tenn 100,000
Asia Fire, Wilmington, Del
Bankers Assurance, Boston, Mass
Central West Fire, Bloomington, 111 200,000
Chicago F. & M. Ins. Co., Chicago, 111 1,000,000
Employers Fire Insurance Co., Boston, Mass 750,000
Eureka Insurance Company, Philadelphia
Firemens National Fire, St. Paul, Minn 500,000
Florida Automobile Ins. Co., Orlando, Fla 250,000
Great Western Fire Insurance Co., Chicago 400,000
Hampton Roads F. & M., Norfolk, Va 500,000
Iroquois Fire, Peoria, 111 100,000
Lincoln Fire, Syracuse, N. Y
Mcrdiants Union Ins. Co., Meridian, Miss 100,000
Metropolitan Motor, Cleveland, Ohio 500,000
Mississippi Fire Ins. Co., Jackson, Miss 200,000
Mt. Vernon Fire Ins. Co., Mt. Vernon, N. V
New Jersey Mfrs. Assn. Fire, Trenton 200,000
New York State Fire, Altiany, N. Y 200,000
Old American, Little Rock, Ark
Prudential Fire of New Jersey
Robert Morris Fire Ins. Co., Philadelphia 200,000
Service Fire, Columbia, S. C 100,000
Southwestern Fire, Enid, Okla
Standard American Fire, Chicago, 111 100,000
Union Hispano American F. & M., New York 400,000
Universal Insurance Co., Newark, N.J 400,000
United Meichanu, Jersey City, N. J 200,000
United Real Estate Owners Fire, New York
34 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The following mutual, inter-insurance or reciprocal underwriters
were organized or projected in 192 1:
American General Insurance Company, Portland, Ore*
American Insurance Associates, Flint, Mich.
Associated Dry Goods Mutual, Madison, Wis.
Associated Merchants Mutual, Boston, Mass.
Automotive Industries Mutual Motor Insurance Association, Detroit, Mich.
Baldwin Mutual, Loxley, Ala.
Bankers Mutual Automobile, Fort Wayne, Ind.
Bay State Mutual Fire, Lawrence, Mass.
Central Mutual Auto, Detroit. Mich.
Citizens Mutual Fire of Michigan, Mendon, Mich.
Cloverland Farmers Mutual Rodded Fire, Hancock, Mich.
Commercial Mutual, Greeley, Colo.
Copper Country Mutual Fire, Calumet, Mich.
Deposit Mutual Fire, Rural Valley. Pa.
Detroit Mutual Automobile, Detroit, Mich.
Farmers & Merchants Mutual Windstorm of Michigan.
Farmers Pioneer Fire Insurance Company, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Florida Mutual Automobile, Melbourne, Fla.
Globe Mutual. Fort Worth, Tex.
Grand Mutual Fire Insurance Association, Des Moines, la.
Harvesters Mutual Insurance Association, Des Moines, la.
La Salle Mercantile Mutual Fire, Detroit, Mich.
Liberty Mutual Automobile, Kansas City, Mo.
Merchants Mutual, Wichita, Kan.
Mid- West Farmers Mutual Insurance Association, Sioux Falls, S. D.
Mid-West Mutual Auto, Detroit, Mich.
Minnesota Threshermens Mutual, Kankota, Minn.
Motor Clubs Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Mutual Fire and Storm Insurance Association, Burlington, la.
Mutual Eye Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, Ind.
Phoenix Motor Mutual, Quincy, lU.
Preferred Mutual Fire, Dallas, Tex.
Retail Merchants Mutual, Des Moines, la.
Southern Mutual Fire, Yoakum, Tex.
State Automobile Mutual Insurance Association, Columbus, Ohio.
State Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Dallas, Tex.
Square Deal Mutual Hail Insurance Company, Iowa.
Victory Mutual, Detroit, Mich.
California Underwriters Agency, Los Angeles. Cal.
Epperson Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Fidelity Lloyds of America, Houston, Tex.
Growers Automobile Insurance Association .Indianapolis, Ind.
Interinsurance Exchange of Milwaukee, Milwaukee. Wis.
Preferred Automobile Insurance Exchange, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Security Automobile Insurance Association, Indianapolis. Ind.
State Mutual Insurance Exchange. St. Paul, Minn.
United Lloyds. Chicago, 111.
Universal Lloyds Underwriters, Indianapolis, Ind.
The following companies from foreign countries entered the
United States:
Atlantica Insurance Company, Ltd., Gothenburg; Sweden.
Cuban National Insurance Company (La Cubana Compania Nacional De Seguroa.)
Havana, Cuba.
Osaka Marine and Fire Insurance Company, Osaka. Japan.
Prudential Assurance, London.
CONCORDIA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of Milwaukee,
Wis. Organized 1870; capital, $750,000. William E. WoUaeger,
president; August J. Luedke, vice-president; Geo. P. Mayer, vice-
FiEB Insurance Section 35
president; Frank Damkoehler, secretary; R. £. Brandenburg, treas-
urer; Herman Ambos and Robert H. Moore, assistant secretaries; H.
W. Ashby and A. C. Meeker, agency superintendents.
CONCORD MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Concord, N. H. Organized 1885. George M. Kimball, M.D., pres-
ident and treasurer; Robert J. Merrill, vice-president; Louis C. Merrill,
secretary.
CONFLAGRATIONS. The available records of fires in the
United States do not indicate clearly what are to be classed as con-
flagrations and what are not, and give simply a list of " large fires," or
fires involving an aggregate loss above a certain amount. Obviously
the amount of loss does not make a conflagration, though that is the
easiest and more common factor for classification, but there have been
many conflagrations in the United States which are not included even
in the records of large fires; that is, if the definition of a conflagration
— "a fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general
burning," is to be accepted. It is hardly possible to make a separate
list of fires falling within the above definition of a conflagration, and
information regarding large fires probably is all that is, or may be,
desired. The following list of fires, which involved an estimated loss
of two million dollars, or over, occurring in the United States since
1870, includes the more important and great, but not all, conflagrations,
and is merely a list of " large fires " occurring in the United States in
that period.
1870 — Chicago. 111., September 4, $2,500,000.
1871 — Chicago. 111., October 9. $165,000,000.
1873 — Boston. Maw., November 9, $70,000,000.
Z874 — Chicago, 111., July 14, $4,000,000.
1875 — Osceola, Pa., May 30. $3,000,000.
1875 — Virginia City, Nev., October 36, $7,500,000.
1879 — New York, N. Y., February 17. $3,000,000.
1889 — New York, N. Y., April 19. $2,000,000.
X889 — Seattle, Wash., July 6, $6,000,000.
1889 — Spokane Falls. Wash.. August 4. $5,000,000.
1889 — Lynn. Mass.. November 36. $5,000,000.
1889 — Boston, Mass., November 28, $4,000,000.
1893 — Milwaukee, Wis., October 38, $4,500,000.
1893 — Boston, Mass. March 10, $3,000,000.
1893 — Fargo, N. Dak., June 7. $3,000,000.
Z894 — Phillips, Wis.. July 30. $3,000,000.
1897 — Pittsburgh, Pa.. May 3. $2, 00a 000.
190X — Jacksonville, Fla., May 3, $10,500,000.
1903 — Peterson. N. J., February 9. $5,000,000.
1904 — Baltimore, Md., February 7, $40,000,000.
1904 — Rochester. N. Y.. February 36. $3,000,000.
1904 — Sioux City, la., December 33. $2,000,000.
1905 — New Orleans, La.. February. $5,000,000.
1906 — San Francisco, Cal., April x8, $350.ooo.ooc.
1907 — San Francisco, Cal., April 3. $2,000,000.
1907 — Superior, Wis., November 9, $2,250,000.
1908 — New York, N. Y.. January 10. $2,400,000.
1908 — Chelsea. Mass., April 12. $10,500,000.
191 1 — Albany, N. Y., March 39, $5,000,000.
19 1 1 — Bangor, Me., April 30, $3,500,000.
1912 — New York, N. V., January 9. $3,000,000.
1913 — Houston, Tex., February i, $4,500,000.
36 Cyclopedia of Insurance
1913 — Hot springs. Ark.. September 5. $2,250,000.
1914 — Salem. Mass., June 25, 914,000.000.
1915 — Newport News, Va., S2.000.000.
1915 — Chicago, 111., $2,000,000.
1916 -^ Brooklyn, N. Y., $2,000,000.
1916 — Paris, Tex., March 21, $7,000,000.
1916 — Augusta, Ga.. $2,500,000.
19x6 — Black Tom Island. N. J. (explosion) $13,000,000.
19x7 *- Atlanta, Ga., May 21. $5,500,000.
1918 — Jersey City. N. J., March, $2,000,000.
X918 — Kansas City. Mo., April, $2,500,000.
19 1 8 — St. Louis, Mo., May, $2,000,000.
19 1 8 — St. Louis, Mo., June, $3,000,000.
1918 — Nozen, Pa., June, $3,000,000.
Z918 — New York, N. Y., July, (steamship), $3,000,000.
19 18 — Owensboro, Ky., August, $3,000,000.
1918 — Perth Amboy, N. J., Octobo-. (explosion). $25.ooo.ooa
1920 — Cisero, Illinois, $2,000,000.
1920 — Mauer, N. J., $3,000,000.
1920, — Wilmington, Del., $2,250,000.
1920' — Washington, D. C, $2,000,000.
192 1 — Washington, D. C. $2,000,000.
192 1 — Chicago, 111., $2,500,000.
192 1 — McKeesport, Pa., $2,000,000.
1921 — Whitney, lud., $2,000,000.
1921 — Lende/i.»N- Jm $3.Soo,ooo.
1921 — Jacksonville, Fla., $2,750,000.
192 1 — Hojbkoken, N. J.. $3,500,000.
1921 — Milwaukee, Wis., $2,000,000.
192 1 — Wechawkcn, N. J., $2,000,000.
1921 — Augusta, C^., $2,000,000.
Some of the more notable fires prior to 1870 were: 1820 — Savannah,
Ga., June 10, loss, $4,000,000; 1835 — New York, N. Y., December
16, loss, $15,000,000; 1838 — Charlestown, Mass., loss, $6,000,000;
1843 — New York, N. Y., loss, $6,000,000; 1845 — New York, N. Y.,
loss, $6,000,000; 1850 — San Francisco, Cal., loss $8,000,000; 1851 —
San Francisco, Cal., (two fires), loss, respectively, $25,000,000 and
$6,000,000; 18^2 — Sacramento, Cal., loss, $5,000,000; 186 1 —
Charleston, S. C, December 12, loss, $10,000,000; 1864 — Wilming-
ton, N. C, loss, $5,000,000; 1865 — New York, N. Y., loss, $4,000,000;
1866 — Portland, Me., July 4, loss, $10,000,000.
CONNECTICUT FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE,
Hartford, Conn., was organized and began business in 1850. Cap-
ital, $1,000,000. Edward Milligan, president, Geo. M. Lovejoy, John
A. Cosmus and Fred W. Bowers, vice-presidents; John A. Cosmus,
Geo. C. Long, Jr., secretaries; Henry P. Whitman, F. Minot Blake,
E. V. Chaplin, assistant secretaries.
CONNECTICUT STATE ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE
AGENTS. A meeting of Connecticut agents was held July 12, 1899, in
West Haven, and an association organized with John C. North of New
Haven, president, and J. N. Phelan, Bridgeport, secretary. At the
annual meeting held in October, 192 1, officers were elected as follows:
Charles E. PuflFer, Waterbury, president; Harold W. Hatch, New
Britain, vice-president; James L. Case, Norwich, and Tracy B.
Warren, Bridgeport, Honorary vice-presidents; Donald G. North,
secretary and treasurer, 39 Church Street, New Haven, Conn.
Fire Insurance Section 37
CONSOLIDATED ASSURANCE COMPANY, London, Eng.
Entered the United States in 1920. H. L. Rosenfeld, United States
manager, New York, N. Y.
CONTINENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY, THE. 80 Maiden
Lane, New York. Organized January 1853; cash capital, $10,000,000.
Henry Evans, Chairman of the Board; N. T. Robertson, president;
P. L. Haid, first vice-president; J. R. Wilbur and Wm. Quaid, second
vice-presidents; Ernest Sturm, secretar>' and treasurer; F. R. Millard,
C. W. Pierce, G. A. Clarke, J. P. Breeden, secretaries; O. F. Grover,
M. E. Moriarty, W. C. Kirkland, W. W. Grove, assistant secretaries.
CORCORAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Washington.
D. C. Organized 1873; capital, $100,000. W. E. Edmonston, presi-
dent; Frank McClelland, vice-president; L. R. Peak, secretary;
F. H. Ridgway, assistant secretary.
COTTON AND WOOLEN MANUFACTURERS MUTUAL
INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW ENGLAND. Boston, Mass.
G^^nized 1875. William B. Plunkett. president; C. C. Converse,
vice-president; Benjamin Taft. secretary and treasurer; W. B. Brophy.
assistant secretary and assistant treasurer.
COTTON INSURANCE ASSOCIATION is an association of
companies, members of the Southeastern Underwriters Association
and was organized in 1905 for the purpose of handling transit insurance
on cotton in the Southern states. The operations of the asso-
ciation are under direction of a general advisory committee, and
the headquarters of the Association are in Atlanta. The present offi-
cers of the Association are: Guy Carpenter, manager; T. M. N.
George, assistant manager; J. S. Darlington, assistant manager; Geo.
G. Nichols, Atlanta, Ga.; Wm. E. Finch, Atlanta, Ga.; Albert A.
Miller, Atlanta, Ga.; R. B. Berkeley, Memphis, Tenn.; John S. Hud-
gins, Memphis, Tenn.; J. B. McDonald, Little Rock, Ark.; H. D.
Green, Little Rock, Ark.; S. H. Wells, Little Rock, Ark.; E. R. Schoen,
Dallas, Texas; L. W. Rivenbark, Dallas, Texas; S. E. Motte, Dallas,
Texas; J. M. Coleman, Dallas, Texas; A. M. Robertson, Oklahoma
City, Okla.; G. Rainey Williams, Oklahoma City, Okla. — special
agents.
COUNTY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PHILA-
DELPHIA, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1832; capital, $500,000
C. R. Peck, president; F. W. Sargeant, vice-president; N. P. Hunt,
treasurer; F. E. Martin, secretary; Wm. B. Burpee, secretary; Geo. A.
French, secretary; and C. E. Chase, secretary; Oilman McAllaster,
Victor E. Stevens, George W. Swallow, assistant secretaries. The
company is controlled by the New Hampshire Fire, and the executive
offices are in Manchester, N. H.
D
DAYTON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Day-
ton, O. Organized 1908; A. Cappel, president; W. R. Knaub, vice-
president and treasurer; B. C. Coleman, secretary; W. H. Burgess,
assistant secretary.
DEATH ROLL OF 1921. The following is a list of persons
connected with the fire insurance business who died in 1921:
Adair, George W., Atlanta, Ga., died November S-
Beach, L. C. superintendent of the automobile department of the Northern Aasuranoe
died in September.
Bell, Captain John H., Dasrton, Ohio, local agent, died December 16, aged 84 years.
Block, Samuel, of the Samuel Block Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. agents, died June 7.
aged 50 years.
Brown, J. Herbert, Brooklyn, N. Y., died November x, aged 33 years.
Buckman, John W., local agent and broker, Philadelphia, Pa., died May 31, of pneu*
monia, aged 74 years.
Brown, George Henry, well-known Boston and Charlestown agent and member of the
Boston nrm, of Kaler, Carney, Lifi9er & Company, Boston, died at his home in
Lexington, Mass.. March 26. He was born in Charlestown in 1864, and retired
from ^e insurance business in 1908.
Calkins, David C, local agent, Jacksonville, Fla., died suddenly at Waco, Texas*
November 5.
Case, Charles Lyman, United States manager for the London Assurance Corporation,
died June 35. Mr. Case was born in Chelsea, Mass., in 1850. After preparation
for college, which he had to abandon on account of ill health, and after a bridf clerk-
ship in a Boston book store, he went in 1870 to Chicago, 111., and entered the
insurance agency office of C. H. Case & Co. His field service began in 1872 with
the Insurance Company of North America, and subsequently he represented the
Pennsylvania Fire in connection with the Insurance Company of North America,
in a similar position. In 1877 he established a local agency at St. Louis. Mc,
but returned to Chicago in 1887 to take the western management of the London
Assurance Corporation, and succeeded to the United States management in 1892,
removing from Chicago to the United State's headquarters at New York. He was
elected president of the National Board of Fire Underwriters in 1920.
Connolly, Maurice, vice-president Dubuque Fire and Marine Insurance Company, was
killed in an airplane accident near Washington, D. C, in June.
Dando, T. S., insurance agent, Milford, Pa., died of heart failure July 31, aged 66 years.
Day, Frederick W. manager of the Royal Insurance Company, eastern department.
New York, N. Y., died in Summit ,N. J., October 15. Mr. Day was bom in
Hertfordshire, England, May 36, 1859. He received an English preparatory
college education. In 1876 he came to America with his parents and shortly
after entered the service of the National Fire Insurance Company of New York,
under the tutelage of Mr. Henry H. Hail. In 1881 he became connected with the
Royal at its New York office, and in 1888 he was appointed its special agent for
western New York, which position he filled for six years. In 1894 he was ap-
pointed superintendent of agencies in the New York office of the Royal, which post
he held until, 1900, when he was promoted to the position of second assistant
manager and in 1903, assistant manager. In April 1919, he succeeded Mr. ShalU
cross as manager of the New York department of the Company.
Deane, Charles E. cashier in the New York office of Fred S. James & Co., died Septem-
ber 18, at his home in Caldwell, N. J., aged 40 years.
DuBois, Cornelius, New York, N. Y., of the firm of Frank & DuBois, died May 33, of
pneumonia.
Evans, F. W., agent in Brooklyn, N. Y., for thirty years died in May aged so years.
Fire Insurance Section 39
Harris, Archie H., Richmond, Va., died July 30, aged 46 years.
Hermann, Franz, well-known marine insurance agent of New York, N. Y., died in
March following a shock of appoplezy aged s6 years.
Hill, Adam C, Plainfield, N. J., agent for the Liverpool and London and Globe, died
suddenly, November 13 •
Hoover, Frank M. Httsburgh, Pa., agent, died February ai, aged 42 years.
Hummell, Henry D., weU-known in Milwaukee insurance circles, died in September
after a long illness, aged 66 years.
Large^John, general manager of the Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society; at its home
oroce, Norwich, Eng., died July aa.
Little. John Webb, assistant manager, eastern department of the Fireman's Fund
Insurance Company, Boston. Mass., died October 15. aged 73 years.
Lyons, Richard, Chicago, 111., examiner for the Pennsylvania Fire, died in May.
Mulligan, Myles M., local agent at Pawtucket, R. I., died suddenly March a6.
NevUIe, W. C, Brooklyn. N. Y., agent, died suddenly December ao, aged 50 years.
O'Brien, Harry J., Chicago, local agent, died suddenly October i .
Ramsaur, Ernest B., auditor of the Westchester Fire Insurance Company, N. Y., died
suddenly July la.
Rennie, Gordon F., second assistant manager for the Insurance Company of North
America. Pacific Coast department, San Francisco, Cal., died May a6 of acute indi-
gestion. Mr. Rennie was bom at Peterboro, Ontario, Can, April ai. 1886. He was
educated in the public schools of Kansas City, Mo., and Pueblo, Col., and at Park
College. Parkville. Mo., and began his insurance career in 1903 as a clerk in a looed
agency in Pueblo, Col. Four years later he became manager of the firm and in
1 9 13 was appointed special agent for the Yorkshire and Northern Insurance Com-
panies with headquarters at Spokane. Later he was transferred to Salt Lake
City, as special agent in the mountain field. In 1919 he was appointed general
agent for the Insurance Company of North America and the Alliance Insurance
Company in British Columbia with headquarters at Vancouver, and in 19a x was
appointed second assistant manager of the Pacific Coast department.
Robinson, William C, vice-president and chief engineer of the Underwriters Labora-
tcnies, Chicago, 111., died July 31*
Small, I. F., adjuster, Albany, N. Y., died April ai.
Spear, Theodore F., formerly assistant secretary of the Phoenix Fire Insurance Com-
pany, Hartford, died suddenly at Asbury Park, N. J., July 24.
Stokes. N. Nev^in, Jr., Mooristown, Pa., dieid December 3t aged 66 years.
Stoney, William A., manager of the Underwriters Bureau of the Middle and Southern
States and other organizations, died at his home in Mount Vernon, N. Y., June 8,
aged 70 years.
Thompson, John L., formerly vice-president of the Pennsylvania Fire, died Octoberas,
aged 82 years.
Timbcrlake, Thomas. Timberlake & Truehart, local agent at Louisville. Ky., died
August 12, aged 77 years.
Volk. George W., many years cashier of the Home Insurance Company, New York,
died February aa, aged 7a years.
Walsh, Thomas R., special agent for the United States Fire and North River Insurance
Companies, was killed in an automobile accident near Sioux Falls, S. D., July 30.
Webster, W. Dix, of RoUo Webster & Co., Chicago agents, was killed in an automobile
accident in November.
Weinmann, Louis, former secretary of the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, San
Francisco, CaJ., died April 35. Mr. Weinmann was born at Benicia, Cad.. August
23, 1853. His education was received at the Missionary College of St. Augustine,
which was one of the foremost institutions of that day. After being graduated
with honors at the head of his class in 1874, he was appointed principal of the public
schools of his native town. He vtras for several years president of the Board of
Education of Solano County. He entered the drug business about this time, and
began his first insurance experience as local agent for the Fireman's Fund. He
removed to San Francisco in 1886, and for the succeeding two years was in charge
of the mathematical department of the Commercial High School, but he resigned
this position in 1888 to become special agent for the Fireman's Fund. In 1893 he
was elected assistant secretary of the company, and secretary in January ,1900, but
retired September i, 19x8.
40 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Whitlock, Joseph L., former vice-president of the Glens Falls Insurance Company.
Glens Falls, N. Y., died June i. Mr. Whitlock was born at Mendham, N.J., June
lo, 1849. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the Chester Insti-
tute, Chester, N. J. Practically all his business life was spent in fire insurance,
and after a service of ten years with the Royal Insurance Company, as special
agent and adjuster, he entered the service of the Glens Falls, and was manager
of the company's western department for thirty-three years, with headquarters in
Chicago. He was elected a vice-president of the company in I9i3» aod removed
to the company's home office at Glens Falls, N. Y. He held various positions of
trust and honor outside tjbe insurance business, and w^s active in underwriting
organizations. He retired from active service June i, 1918, after nearly thirty-
seven yec^' continuous service with the Glens Falls, and again took up his resi-
dence in Chicago. He was an honorary member of the Western Union and of the
Chicago Fire Underwriters Association.
Woodbury, Cyrus, Ohio State agent of the Queen Insurance Company, died May 23.
W^ood, William J., Indiana, Wis., adjuster for the Fidelity-Phoenix Insurance Com-
pany, died in May.
DEDHAM MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COxMPANY, Ded-
ham, Mass. Organized 1837. James Y. Noyes, president; Theodore
T. Marsh, secretary.
DEED OF SETTLEMENT. In England all insurance com-
panies formed prior to 1862 were organized under a deed of settle-
ment which set forth the contemplated objects of the association.
These deeds are analogous to our charters, and the phrase is used
in our laws which compel filing a company's charter or deed of
settlement.
DEPOSITS, SPECIAL, REQUIRED BY STATES. A few
states require special deposits from fire insurance companies. Sev-
eral states, however, require deposits by other state companies if
they have not made deposits in their home states, and by companies
of other countries, if they have not made deposits in some other
state of the United States. The deposit required by foreign com-
panies is usually $200,000, and a certificate is required showing that
such deposit has been made in some state or with United States
trustees. Most of the states make the provisions of the reciprocal
or retaliatory laws apply to deposits. The following is a state-
ment of the states requiring special deposits from other than do-
mestic fire insurance companies regardless of deposits in home states:
Florida — Fire companies. $10,000 in bonds or cash or surety bond for taOtOOO.
Georgia — (Acts of 1905). Fire, marine and inland insurance companies, char*
tared by other states or foreign government, $25,000 in bonds of the United States, of
Georgia or of any county or municipality of Georgia.
New Mexico — By fire insurance companies, $10,000, in United States money,
or in territorial or county bonds, or real estate in the territory of that value
must be owned.
New York — By fire and marine companies of other countries, $200,000.
Virginia — By all companies (except those doing a marine business exdu*
sively in the state) 5 per cent, of their capital in bonds of Virginia or the
United States, or the cities or counties of Virginia, such deposits to be not
less than $10,000, nor more than $50,000, and no single bond to be over
$x 0,000.
Fire Insurance Section 41
Oregon — Fire companies. $25,000 in United States bonds, or bonds of the state
of Oregon, or municipal, school district or county bonds issued in Oregon, if the com-
pany has capital of $200,000 or more and a surplus of $xoo.ooo or more. A surety
bond executed by an entered, or domestic, surety company may be accepted in the
case of a foreign company in lieu of the above security deposit.
The above conforms to the list of special deposit states as deter-
mined by the National Convention of Insurance Commissioners. The
convention's rule of credit in respect to special deposits is: "Special
deposits in excess of correspondmg liabilities shall not be allowed as
assets in annual statements of insurance companies."
The above, which has been a rule for some years, and was known
as the "Burlington rule/' was by action of the National Convention
in 19 19 rescinded. The National Convention of Insurance Commis-
sioners also has taken action favoring the repeal of all special deposit
laws.
DERRYFIELD MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Manchester, N. H. Organized 1909. Michael J. White, president;
Louis J. Messier, secretary.
DES MOINES RE-INSURANCE FIRE COMPANY, Des
Moines, Iowa. Organized 1920; capital, paid in $300,000. P. J.
Clancy, president; J. S. Rawson, vice-president; F. E. Hathorn,
secretary; Taylor Grimes, treasurer. The company was organized as
the Reinsurance Fire company but changed its name in 1920.
DETROIT FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY
of Detroit, Mich. Organized 1866; capital, $500,000. E. H. But-
ler, president; A. H. McDonell, C. L. Andrews, vice-presidents; C. A.
Reekie, secretary.
DETROIT NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Detroit, Mich. Organized 1911; capital, $200,000. George K.
March, president and general manager; A. A. Templeton, vice-presi-
dent; F. J. Haynes, vice-president; James M. Teahen, treasurer;
W. C. Gerow, secretary; M. E. Black, assistant secretary.
DIRIGO MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Gor-
ham, Maine. Incorporated 1899. W. P. Newell, president; T. F.
Millett, secretary and treasurer and general agent; C. A. Millett,
assistant secretary and assistant treasurer.
DISCRIMINATION IN INSURANCE RATES, LAWS
AGAINST. The laws of several states prohibit discrimination in the
making of rates, or charges, for policies of hre insurance. Such legis-
lation has been enacted within recent years, and is in most cases a
section, or i>art of the laws providing for regulation, or supervision
over rates or rating organizations. [See also Anti- Rebate Laws,
life Section.]
42 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Such laws are in force in Arkansas, New Jersey, South Carolina,
Minnesota, Kansas, Texas, North Carolina, Washington, Michigan,
Missouri, West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Wisconsin, Indiana, Tenn-
essee, Illinois and Vermont.
New York adopted a law in 1922 andjegislation was pending in
Mississippi when this record closed.
The laws for the most part provide that no company, or rating
bureau "shall fix or charge any rate for fire insurance upon property
in this state which discriminates unfairly between risks in the applica-
tion of like charges and credits, or which discriminates unfairly between
risks of essentially the same hazards and having substantially the
same deeree of protection against fire." The laws provide not only for
the regulation of rates but for supervision of rating associations, or
bureaus, and the laws of several of the states require rating bureaus to
be maintained. The Texas law creates a rating commission, and
maximum rates "shall be exclusively fixed and determined and promul-
gated by the commission." The Minnesota law permits variations from
the bureau rate but notice of such variations must be filed with the
insurance commissioner and with the rating bureau.
The Kansas Law, enacted in 1909, was the first of this class of
legislation to regulate rates of premium for fire insurance to be enacted,
and its constitutionality was contested by the fire insurance companies
in both the state and federal courts. The higher court upheld the
constitutionality of the Kansas law, and has suso sustainea the con-
stitutionality of the laws of some of the other states.
DIXIE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Greensboro, N. C
Organized 1906; capital, $500,000. H. R. Bush, president; Dr. L. S.
Blades, first vice-president; George Hackney, second vice-president;
Edward G. Michaels, secretary; William G. Davis, treasurer.
DORCHESTER MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Boston, Mass. Organized 1855. William A. Muller, president
and treasurer; W. D. C. Curtis and Arthur T. Hatch, vice-presidents;
Edward C. Mason, secretary; William I. Arnold and Alfred N. McLean,
assistant secretaries.
DUBUQUE FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Dubuque, la. Organized 1883; capital, $500,000. N. J.
Schrup, president; M. J. McCullough, vice-president; S. F. Weiser,
secretary; S. W. Waring, assistant secretary; C J. Schrup, treasurer.
E
EAGLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Newark, N. J. Or-
eanized 19 13; capital, $400,000. Edward M. Waldron, president;
Jacob R. Hall and Paul Guenther, vice-presidents; Franklin W.
Fort, secretary; James Y. Milne, assistant secretary; Louis V. Aron-
son, treasurer; Victor E. Downer, assistant treasurer.
EAGLE. STAR AND BRITISH DOMINIONS INSURANCE
COMPANY, LTD., London, Eng. Organized 1904; entered the
United States 1916. Fred S. James & Co.. United States managers,
123 William Street, New York, N. Y.
EASTERN AUTOMOBILE UNDERWRITERS CONFER-
ENCE, New York, N. Y. Organized 1916. The present officers
elected in October 1921, are: President, C. R. Pitcher, Royal; vice-
president, H. H. Clutia, Westchester Fire; treasurer, C. E. Case,
North British and Mercantile; secretary and manager, J. R. Moore.
Standing Committees: Executive Committee: President, C. R.
Pitcher, Royal; vice-president, H. H. Clutia, Westchester; treasurer,
C. E. Case, North British and Mercantile; chairman, T. A. Kruse,
Appleton & Cox, Inc., New York, N. Y.; vice-chairman, Wm. M.
Ballard, Commercial Union; W. H. Koop, Great American; C. M.
Campbell, Insurance Company of North America; R. H. Goodwin,
Fireman's Fund; G. F. Kern, Phoenix; P. B. Sommers, American;
J. G. Maconachy, Niagara Fire; Edmund Ely, Automobile; N. S.
Bartow, Queen (ex-officio.) Theft Committee: chairman N. S. Bar-
tow, Queen; W. M. Ballard, Commercial Union; Paul L. Haid, Conti-
nental; D. F. Cox, Appleton & Cox, Attorneys; H. H. Clutia, West-
chester.
The conference has jurisdiction over the states of New York,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, Delaware, West Virginia, the
District of Columbia. Plans were approved in 1922 to merge the New
England Conference in the Eastern, which would take jurisdiction
over the New England States, but the merger had not been completed
when this record closed. [See National Automobile Underwriters Con-
ference.]
EASTERN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of Atlantic City,
N. J. Organized 1902; capital, $200,000. John C. Slape, president;
Walter J. Buzby, vice-president; J. S. M. Parker, second vice-presi-
dent; J. Haines Lippincott, secretary; F. L. Bosworth, assistant
secretary; John B. Slack, treasurer.
EASTERN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Concord, N. H.
Organized 1905; capital, $100,000. Charles L. Jackman, president;
Freeman T. Jackman, secretary.
44
Cyclopedia of Insurance
EASTERN SHORE OF VIRGINIA FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Keller, Va. Organized 1906. Cash capital, $104,600.
S. W. Ames, president; R. L. Ailworth, vice-president; L. C. Mears.
secretary and managing underwriter; Thos. W. Blackstone» treas-
urer.
EASTERN TORNADO INSURANCE ASSOCIATION. The
present officers, elected in October, 1921, are: President, H. H. Clutia,
Westchester; vice-president, F. W. Sargeant, New Hampshire Fire;
secretary and treasurer, J. A. Swinnerton, American Eagle; executive
committee, A. G. Martin, Northern; S. E. Locke, Hartford Fire:
J. L. Parsons, North River; John Kremer, Insurance Company of
North America; R. H. Williams, Liverpool and London and Globe.
EASTERN UNION. An organization of fire insurance compan-
ies exercising jurisdiction over the states east of the Mississippi (ex-
cepting those within the jurisdiction of the Western Union), of which
organization only executive ofhcers or managers (in charge of not
less than three states) are members. The headquarters of the East-
em Union are in the city of New York. (Secretary's office. Room 601,
84 William Street.) The officers of the Eastern Union elected or
appointed in November 1921, are: R. M. Bissell, president; C. W.
Bailey, vice-president; Wilfred Kurth, chairman executive committee,
Percival Beresford, vice-chairman executive committee; B. M. Culver,
treasurer; Sumner Rhoades, secretary'.
iEtna. Conn.
Agricultural. N. Y.
Alliance. Pa.
American. N. J.
American Alliance. New York
American Central. Mo.
American National, Columbus, O.
Atlas Assurance, Eng.
Atlas Underwriters, New York.
Automobile, Conn.
Boston, Mass.
British-America, Can.
Caledonian. Scotland
Caledonian-American, N. Y.
California Fire, Cal.
Camden Fire, N. J.
Central Fire, Md.
Citizens, Mo.
City of New York.
Colonial Fire Underwriters, Hartford.
Columbia, New Jersey.
Commercial Union, Eng.
Commercial Union, New York
Commonwealth, New York
Connecticut, Hartford
County Fire. Pa.
Delaware Underwriters
Detroit Fire and Marine, Mich.
Detroit National, Mich.
Eagle, Star and British Dominions.
Eastern Underwriters, Camden.
Employers Fire, Boston, Mass.
English- American Unden\Titer8, Hart-
ford.
Equitable Fire and Marine. R. I.
Eureka, Philadelphia.
Exchange Underwriters, N. Y.
Federal of New Jersey, Hartford.
Fire and Marine Underwriters, Hart-
ford
Fireman's Fund. Cal.
Fire Association. Pa.
Franklin Fire. Pa.
General Fire, Paris.
Glens Falls. N. Y.
Granite State. N. H.
Great-American, New York
Great Union Fire & Marine, New
Orleans
Hand-in-Hand Underwriters.
Hanover, New York
Hartford. Conn.
Henry Clay, Ky.
Home. New York
Home Fire and Marine, Cal.
Home Underwriters, N. Y.
Hudson, New York
Imperial Assurance, New York
Insurance Company of North America.
Phil.
Interstate Fire, Detroit.
Jersey Fire Underwriters.
Law Union and Rock. Eng.
Liverpool and London and Globe
London and Lancashire, Eng.
London and Scottish
Massachusetts Fire and Marine, Boston
Mechanics and Traders, La.
Fire Insuranxe Section
45
Mercantile Fire and Marine Under-
writers. Mo.
Mercantile of America, N. Y.
Michigan Fire and Marine, Detroit
National Fire. Conn.
National Security, Omaha, Neb.
Newark Fire. N. J.
New Hampshire
New Haven Underwriters Agency.
New York Underwriters Agency.
Niagara-Detroit Underwriters.
Niagara Fire, New York
Northern Assurance. Eng.
North British and Mercantile
Northwestern Fire and Marine, Minn.
Norwich Union, Eng.
Old Colony, Mass.
Orient, Conn.
Palatine, Eng.
Patriotic
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Philadelphia Underwriters.
Phoenix Assurance, Eng.
Phoenix. Conn.
Providence Washington. R. I.
Queen, New York
Reliance, Philadelphia.
Rochester Dep't. Great American, N. Y
Rojral Exchaxige, Eng.
Royal, Eng.
Safeguard, N. Y.
St. Paul Fire and Marine, Minn.
Scottish Union and National
Security, Conn.
Springfield Fire and Marine, Mass.
Standard Fire. Conn.
Star, New York
State, Liverpool
Sterling Fire, Ind.
Sun Insurance, Eng.
Sun Underwriters.
Svea Fire & Life, Sweden
Tokio Marine and Fire, Japan.
Union, London
Union, Canton, China.
Urbaine, Paris.
Victory, Phila.
Westchester. New York
Western Ajnurance. Can.
EMPLOYERS' FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. 5 Doane
Street, Boston, Mass. Organized 1921; capital, paid in, $1,000,000.
Samuel Appleton, president; H. Belden Sly, vice-president and secre-
tary; Franklin P. Horton, treasurer.
ENTERPRISE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Organized 1874. 7ohn R. Freeman, president
and treasurer; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary and assistant treasurer;
Benj. G. Buttolph, Edwin D. ringree and Hovey T. Freeman, vice-
presidents.
EQUITABLE FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Providence, R. I., executive office, Hartford, Conn. Organized
1859: capital $1,000,000. Edward Milligan, president; George M.
Lovejoy, John B. Knox, vice-presidents; George C. Long, Jr., secretary;
Henry P. Whitman, Edward V. Chaplin, Fred C. Gustetter, assistant
secretaries. The company is affiliated with the Phoenix Insurance
Company, Hartford.
EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Charleston,
S. C. Organized 1895; capital, $300,000. David Huguenin, presi-
dent; William G. Mazyck, secretary and treasurer; R. F. Touhey,
assistant secretary and treasurer.
EQUITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Kansas City, Mo.
Organized 1909; capital, $100,000. E. G. Rowley, president; Bruce
Dcxbon, Jr., secretary and manager.
EUREKA SECURITY FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1864; capital, $100,000.
F. A. Rothier, president; B. G. Dawes, Jr., vice-president and secretary;
46
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Adam Benus, assistant secretary and treasurer; F. C. Barton, assistant
secretary. The Eureka Fire and Marine and Security Fire Insurance
Companies, were merged in 1922 under the above title.
EXCELSIOR INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK.
Syracuse, N. Y. Organized 1919; cash capital, $200,000. Ray B.
Smith, president; Robert Dey, Frank T. Miller, W. H. Start, vice-
presidents; H. S. Getman, secretary; W. T. Klink, treasurer.
EXCESS POLICY. A class of policies written to cover prop-
erty in excess of other insurance. They do not apply until jspecific
insurance is exhausted. Usually it is stipulated that a certain
amount of specific insurance shall be carried, the rates for excess
insurance being lower than the specific rate.
EXPLOSION INSURANCE. Insurance against damage to
property resulting from explosions, written by fire insurance com-
panies. The following is a statement of the business transacted in 1921.
The figures below, however, including for some companies, premiums
and losses under riot, civil commotion and earthquake insurance, all
written by fire insurance companies.
Net Loflsefl
Company Premiumfl Incurred
iGtna, Hartford
Agricultural
ATliance. Philadelphia . . . '
American, Newark
American Alliance. N. Y
American Central, St. Louis
American Eagle. N. Y
American, Equitable, N. Y.
American Fire, N. Y
American National, Ohio
Atlas, London
Automobile, Hartford
Bankers & Slippers, New York
Boston, Boston
British America, Toronto
Caledonian American, N. Y.
Caledonian, London
California, San Francisco
Camden Fire, Camden
Capital Fire. N. H
Central States, la
City of New York
City of Pennsylvania
Cleveland National, Cleveland
Columbia, Jersey City
Columbian
Commercial Union, London
Commercial Union, New York
Commonwealth, N. Y
Concordia, Milwaukee
Conneaicut, Hartford
Continental, New York
Detroit Fire and Marine, Detroit
Detroit National
Dixie Fire
Eagle Fire, N. J
$80,407
85.915
6,8as
30
48,130
7.902
33.383
16,97a
6,119
3x5
833
X.526
16,917
I.159
4,320
7
3,045
X
619
20
11,963
3.163
72.749
3.490
44.290
17,458
1.261
4«
19
2,611
3,739
3
7,724
45
626
105
7.184
407
637
ao
3.359
408
4.200
341
593
a6
33.350
Z40
63
2.174
IO.38S
1.263
1,012
27
10,133
389
72,789
7.309
57
450
14.327
2,278
75
FiKE Insukance Section
47
Company
Eagle, Star and Britiah Dominions, London
Equitable Fire and Marine, Providence
Equitable. N. Y
Farmer*, York, Pa.
Federal, N. J
Fidelity, Lumber N. C
FideUty-Phcnix. N. Y
Fire Aasociatioa, Philadelphia
Ftremans Fund, San Frandaco
Firemana, N. J
Franklin, Philadelphia
Glens Falls. N. Y
Globe & Rutgers, N. Y
Grain Dealers National Mutual, Indianapolis
Great American, N. Y
Hamilton, New York
Hartford, Hartford
Home. New York
•Imperial, New York
Importers and Exporters, N. Y. .
Insurance Company of North America, Pa.
Inter State, Mich
Iowa Manufacturers
Knickerbocker, N. Y
Liberty. Mo
Law Union and Rock
Liverpocri & London & Globe, Liverpool
London Assurance, London ....
London Sc Lancashire, Liverpool
MassachusetU F. & M
Mercantile, New York ....
Merchants, New York
Michigan Millers. Lansing ....
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee
Minneapolis F. & M
National, Hartford
National Uberty, N. Y
National Union. Pittsburgh ....
Newark, Newark
New Brunswick, New Brunswick
New Hampshire
New Jersey, Newark
New Zealand. Auckland ....
Niagara, New York
North Carolina Home
Northern, London
Northern, New York
North River, N. Y
Northwestern F. & M. Wis.
Northwestern National ....
Norwich Union, Norwich ....
Ohio Farmers, Leroy
CMd Colony, Boston
Orient, Hartford
Pacific Fire
Palatine. London
Palmetto
Pennsylvania
Peoples National. Philadelphia
Phoenix, London
Phoenix, Hartford
Providence Washington, Providence .
Queen, New York
Reliable, Pa. *
Reliance. Philadelphia
Republic, Pa
Net
Losses
Premiums
Incurred
Sa7i,S8x
$3x6,491
4.X5X
X18
489
253
is?
55.572
5.295
33.543
1.925
16.255
1,900
X6.310
Z5.5XO
6,143
606
60,123
22,3x8
2x8,604
X35,I7I
50.866
2,905
X4.198
3.807
70i,66x
1.393.377
339.374
259.669
2,781
371
288
7
240,105
59,x87
5x4
^
10,120
a.276
'151
2
26
5x1
X9.920
2,729
2,304
20Z
2.454
J^^
25.305
807
7.349
382
188
40
6,032
328
2,056
570
23.202
4*36 X
5.924
3,275
6.394
X,4S3
2.605
50
200
39
3.357
343
2,677
37
63.004
14
X0.X50
X.205
2X.264
28,797
3,387
X.371
868
x8
7.354
1.030
541
4.644
1.987
870
972
IX, 202
29
860
410
24,687
1,743
267
6,537
X,i84
31.344
847
5,510
27,287
6,527
241
306
48
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Net
Company Premiums
Rhode Island, Providence S2,i36
Richmond, New York 4.S34
Royal, Liverpool 10.833
Royal Exchange, London 9. 547
Savannah 896
Scottish Union and National, Edinburgh .... 11.154
Security, New Haven Si9S7
South Carolina, Columbia 1.041
Southern Home 938
Springfield Fire and Marine, Springfield .... 57.255
State, Liverpool 956
Star, New York 8or
St. Paul Fire and Marine. St. Paul 25.836
Sterling 2,348
Stuyvesant, N. Y 9.048
Superior, Pittsburg 414
Sun, London 58
Tokio Marine and Fire, Tokio 5. 158
Union, London 7.125
Union, Canton 16,194
United Firemens, Philadelphia
United States, N. Y 48,006
Urbaine 2,190
Utah Home 804
Victory Fire, Philadelphia 2,850
Westchester, N. Y. . ' 14.340
Western, Toronto 2,765
Yorkshire, York 40
Totals 1921 $3. 135. 154
Losses
Incurred
S34
4
621
84
i.oso
308
539
4.143
4
139
S.6S3
74
116
66
16
2.400
195
2.821
1.300
160
$2,362,328
F
FACTORS AND TRADERS INSURANCE COMPANY,
Mobile, Ala. Organized 1870; capital, $150,000. The company re-
insured in the Federal Insurance Company of New Jersey in 1921.
FACTORY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION. This organiza-
tion in the eastern, middle and southeastern states, was organized in
1890. The manager is H. L. Phillips, and H. P. Smith is assistant
manager, and the headquarters of the association are 555 Asylum St.,
Hartford, Conn. The present officers are: President, H. A. Smith,
National Fire, Hartford; vice-president, A. G. Martin, Northern,
England; secretary, J. H. Vreeland, Scottish Union and National,
Scotland; treasurer, Geo. C. Long, Jr., Phoenix, Hartford; executive
committee, E. J. Sloan, chairman, ^ttna; C. G. Smith, Great Ameri-
can; A. G. Mcllwaine, London and Lancashire; C. D. Dunlop, Provi-
dence Washington; J. C. Harden, Automobile; G. G. Bulkley, Spring-
field Fire and Marine; and the officers, ex-officio.
The following companies are members of this association :
iEtna. Haitfcn-d North British and Mercantile. England
Ai^icnltural, Watertown Northern Assurance, England
American, Newark Norwich Union, England
American Alliance, New York Orient, Hartford
American Central, St. Louis Palatine, England
Atlas, England Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Automobile, Hartford Phoenix, Hartford
Boston, Boston Phoenix Assurance, England
Commercial Union, England Providence Washington, Providence
ConzKCticut Fire of Hartford Queen, New York
Fire Association, Philadelphia Royal, England
Firemen's Fund, San Francisco Saint Paul. Minneapolis
Franklin. Philadelphia Scottish Union and National, Scotland
Great American, New York Security, New Haven
Glens Falls. Glens Falls Springfield Fire & Marine, Springfield
Home, New York Standard. Hartford
Insurance Co. of N. A., Philadelphia Star, New York
Liverpool and London and Globe, England State. England
London and Lancashire. England Sun, England
Mechanics & Traders, New Orleans Westchester, New York
National Fire, Hartford Western, Canada
New Hampshire, Manchester
FALL RIVER MANUFACTURERS' MUTUAL INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Fall River, Mass. Organized 1870. Charles
S. Waring, president and treasurer; Thomas E. Brayton, vice-
president; James W. Brigham, secretary; H. Nelson G. Terry, assistant
secretary.
FARMERS' ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY of McPher-
son, Kansas. Organized 1888. I. F. Talbott, president; N. Good-
sheller, vice-president; C. F. Mingenback, secretary; B. F. McGill,
treasurer.
50 Cyclopedia of Insurance
FARMERS AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Sioux
City, Iowa. Organized 19 19; paid in capital $100,000. The company
re-insured in the Iowa Manufacturers Insurance Company in 192 1.
FARMERS' FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. York, Pa.
Organized 1853. Mutual doing business on the stock plan. Charles
M. Kerr, president; A. S. McConkey. secretary.
FARMERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Cedar Rapids, la.
Organized i860; capital. $200,000. J. F. Donica. president; C. N.
Jenkins, secretary; Ernest Sturm, treasurer.
FARMERS' MUTUAL HAIL INSURANCE ASSOCIATION OF
IOWA, Des Moines. Iowa. Organized 1893. Scott Rutledge. president;
W. A. Rutledge. secretary; J. A. Benson, treasurer. Writes hail
insurance on growing crops.
FEDERAL FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Denver. Col. Organized 1920; capital $200,000. John Gaffy, presi-
dent; A. W. Payne, Jr., vice-president; J. A. Rice, secretary and
manager; D. Miller, assistant secretary; W. E. Letford. treasurer;
F. E. McEnery. assistant treasurer.
FEDERAL INSURANCE COMPANY. Jersey City. N. J.
(Fire and Marine). Organized 1901 ; capital $1,000,000. Percy Chubb,
president; Hendon Chubb, vice-president; T. J. Goddard, secretary.
FEDERAL UNION INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago. III.
Organized 1908; capital, $200,000. V. F. Mashek, president; A. W.
Ellenberger, J. W. Embree, J. J. McKelvey, vice-presidents; George
A. Morin, secretary; J. M. Kralovec, treasurer; W. C. Anderson,
assistant secretary. 175 West Jackson Boulevard.
FEDERATED FIRE RE-INSURANCE COMPANY, Mason
City, Iowa. Organized 1920; capital, paid-in, $606,150. E. G. Dunn,
president; W. S. Hazard, Jr., and A. H. Gale, vice-presidents; Walter
C. Kuester, secretary; James A. Parden, treasurer.
FIDELITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sumter. S. C.
Organized 1916; capital $200,000. D. D. Moise. president; PM oses,
secretary; S. C. Roper, treasurer; T. B. Candle and W. W. Mclver,
assistant secretaries.
FIDELITY-PHENIX FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of
New York. 80 Maiden Lane. Cash capital. $2,500,000. Henry Evans,
chairman board of directors; C. R. Street, president; S. R. Kennedy,
second vice-president; Ernest Sturm, secretary' and treasurer; F. R.
Fire Insurance Section 51
Millard, Alfred Stinson, C. W. Pierce, J. P. Breeden, secretaries; M. E.
Moriarty, W. W. Grove, L. Freeman, F. D. Hougham, assistant secre-
taries.
FIDELITY-UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Dallas,
Texas. Organized 1920; capital $300,000. J. S. Le Clercq, president;
G. A. Chatneld, secretary.
FIELD & COWLES, 85 Water St., Boston, Mass. (Herbert
Damon, George Neiley, John J. Cornish, Thos. R. Young, Harry F.
Damon). Established 1868. Managers of the Royal Insurance
Company, Limited, of Liverpool, England, Newark Fire Insurance
Company, Newark, N. J. and also the Royal Indemnity Company
of New York, for the New England States. The special agents of
this firm for the Royal Insurance Company, Ltd., are Fred M. Johnson,
William A. Quigley, Charles H. Field, and John F. Williams.
FIRE ASSOCIATION OF PHILADELPHIA. The company
had its origin as an insurance organization in a meeting of the delegates
from the fire companies of the old Volunteer Fire Department of
Philadelphia, held on September i, 181 7, at which the proposition
was broached of permitting the fire companies to transact a fire insur-
ance business as a means of securing funds for the better equipment of
the Fire Department. At that meeting, a committee was appointed
to secure a charter for the purpose mentioned, but the scheme was
strenuously opposed by the fire insurance companies doing business in
Philadelphia and the application to the Legislature was refused. By
no means daunted, the firemen began, at once, a vigorous campaign
in favor of the undertaking, the result of which was that the desired
charter was granted in March, 1820. A trade mark, representing a
Fire Plug with a section of hose entwined, was adopted, which was
used as a house plate, some of which may still be found on old buildings
in the City, and for the next thirty years a prosperous and steadily
growing^ business was transacted. Then came the terrible conflagration
of 1850 in which more than 300 buildings in Philadelphia were destroyed,
and By which the losses of the Fire Association far exceeded its gross
assets. But it was not thus to be annihilated. Among the men beu>ng-
ing to that old Fire Department were those of social standing and
financial strength; they discounted their notes in bank and every
claim was paid promptly. All went well, thereafter, for the Fire
Association, until 1 871, when the old Fire Department went out of
existence by the establishment by the Legislature of the paid Fire
Department of Philadelphia.
But that was not to be the end of the Fire Association of Phila-
delphia. Prompt measures were taken, the engine houses and appara-
tus were sold and a capital of $500,000 was secured; a new charter
was obtained from the Legislature, business was resumed, and in the
following year (1872) the reorganized and rejuvenated Fire Association
of Philadelphia entered the agency field-business which had previously
52 Cyclopedia of Insurance
been confined to the City of Philadelphia. The record of the company
from that time to the present has been substantially one of continuous
growth and corresponding strength. It is represented today by estab-
lished agencies in every city and every important town in the United
States, in two of the Canadian Provinces and in Hawaii. It has received
$140,000,000 in premiums and paid $77,000,000 in settlement of
losses, in addition to expenses of operation, agents' commissions,
taxes, including about $4,000,000 in taxes to the different States for
the privilege of giving their citizens protection from loss by fire, and
it has paid 40 per cent, in dividends on the par value of its stock for
forty-two years; at the same time, it has increased its capital stock
from $500,000 to $1,000,000 and its assets from little more than the
$500,000 capital with which it began operations in 1871 to $15,000,000,
with a net surplus in excess of all liabilities of over $4,000,000.
The growth of the company in recent years has been especially
noteworthy; in fact, somewhat more than one-half of its entire premium
receipts, since the charter was granted in 1871, has been obtained
during the past fifteen years. Tne annual premium income has been
doubled in the past nine years. At the same time, the ratio of losses
paid to premium receipts, which averaged 57.13 per cent, during the
thirty-three years to the close of 1904, was reduced to 53.17 per cent,
for the past fifteen years, and the latter period included the heavy
losses incurred by the San Francisco holocaust; for the past three
years, the ratio has been only 44.77 per cent., and for the year 1919
It was down to 43 per cent. In addition to fire insurance, the company
writes marine, motor vehicles, windstorm, and tornado and sprinkler
leakage insurance.
The officers of the Fire Association of Philadelphia are: Elihu C.
Irvin, president; J. W. Cochran, vice-president; John B. Morton,
second vice-president; Marshall G. Garrigues, secretary and Richard
N. Kelly, Jr., assistant secretary.
FIRE, MARINE AND LIABILITY BROKERS ASSOCIATION
OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Inc., New York, N. Y. Organized
1898. The present officers, elected in April 1922, are: R. Henry Depew,
president; Reuben E. Kipp, vice-president; F. W. Stillman, treasurer;
Berthold M. Harris, secretary; directors: (1923) Everett U. Crosby,
John A. Eckert, Carlton O. Pate, R. C. Rathbone, 2nd, and F. W.
Stillman. (1924) J. C. Ammermuller, R. Henry Depew, Reuben E.
Kipp, Frank E. Mendes and Malcolm B. Dutcher. (1925) Francis C.
Carr, Frederick S. Little, George P. Nichols, Alexander M. Silvey,
George C. Stevens.
FIRE INSURANCE CLUB OF MILWAUKEE, Milwaukee,
Wis. Organized in October 1^19, for social and educational purposes.
The present officers elected m 1921 are: J. R. Sullivan, Wisconsin
Inspection Bureau, president; R. J. Lewis, Northwestern National,
vice-president; George Young, treasurer; secretary. Miss M. Pheil;
librarian, Miss Bessie Wood.
Fire Insurance Section 53
FIRE INSURANCE FIELD CLUB of Maryland, Delaware and
District of Columbia, Baltimore Md. Organized in January 1920 as
the Fire Prevention Association; present title adopted in May 192 1.
The officers are: John G. Rolker, National Liberty, president; F. I.
Mosher, Home, N. Y., vice-president; Irving Rolker, National Liberty,
secretary and treasurer; Executive Committee, R. M. August, W. H.
Wagner, E. J. Richardson, chairman; and J. E. Smith, Secretary's
office, Franklm building, corner Baltimore Street and Guilford Avenue,
Baltimore.
FIRE INSURANCE SALVAGE CORPS OF BROOKLYN.
N. Y. This organization was authorized by act of the legislature
.of New York of 1895, to be maintained by a tax upon the premiums
of fire insurance companies doing business in Brooklyn. The first
meeting of the companies comprising the corporation was held June
28, 1895, and the following officers were elected: George M. Coit,
president; Hugo Schumann, vice-president; William T. Lane, treas-
urer; Britton C. Thorn, secretary. Britton C. Thorn was ap-
pointed superintendent, and the corps went into service December
16, 1895. There are three stations, motor equipp>ed and a force of 90
officers and men. James O. Schwank is superintendent. The directors
of the Corps are: E. E. Pearce, president; J. G. Milliard, vice-president;
W. L. Chambers, treasurer; C. L. Tyner, secretary; C. V. Meserole,
B. M. Culver, Chas. H. Post, Wallace Reid, James Marshall, A. G.
Martin, Otto E. Schaefer, Whitney Palache, E. G. Snow, Lyman
Candee.
FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY OF NEWARK, N. J., was
organized in December, 1909, for the purpose of studying fire
hazards and prevention and for educational and social work. Offi-
cers were elected as follows: President, George C. Plume; vice-
president, Albert H. Hassinger; secretary and treasurer, John E.
Mayer. The present officers, elected in December, 1921, are: Walter
R. Pruden, president; James E. Garabrant, vice-president; Stewart C.
Smith, second vice-president; Miss Harriet Pearson 701-702 Union
Building, Newark, N. J., secretary and treasurer.
FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA, 232 South
Fourth Street,. Philadelphia. Pa. Organized 1901; Incorporated 1909;
The society was organized to aid members in studying questions arising
in connection with insurance, and fire protection and prevention.
The officers, elected at the annual meetmg in January, 1921, are:
Henry Penn Burke, president; James A. McGann and Edward Man-
euvre, vice-presidents; Charles J. Fitzgerald, secretary; Harold K.
Reming^ton, treasurer; Robert P. Bishop, Richard Cross, J. B. Council-
man, Malcoln B. Foard, Mark D. Goodwin, Thomas T. Nelson, Harry
F. Rjes, Edward Troxell, executive committee.
FIREMAN'S FUND INSURANCE COMPANY of San
Francisco. Organized May, 1863. Its present officers are: J. B.
Levison, president; John Marshall, Jr., vice-president; Herbert P.
Blanchard, secretary; John S. French, C. C. Wright, Frank G. White,
assistant secretaries; A. W. Follansbee, Jr., marine secretary; Thos.
M. Gardiner, treasurer. Edward Randall, general auditor. Its capital
54 Cyclopbdia of Insurance
was originally $200,000, increased in 1865 to $500,000. In the Chicago
and Boston fires the company paid over three-quarters of a million
dollars, at which time an assessment of 50 f>er cent, was collected and
its capital was temporarily reduced to $300,000, but increased in 1880
to $7^0,000, and again increased in 1886 to $1,000,000. In the San
Francisco conflagration of 1906, all the company's books and papers
were burned in the destruction of its home office building. An assess-
ment of 300 per cent, was levied on its stockholders and claims exceed-
ing eleven million dollars settled without any records to refer to.
On January 10, 190^, the paid-up capital was temporarily in-
creased to $1,600,000 and in January, 1909, permanently adjusted to
$1,500,000.
On December 10, 19 19 the shareholders of the company authorized
an increase in capital stock to $3,000,000 to be fully paid in April i,
1920. Including additional capital of $1,500,000 and surplus of $750,000
the company had on April i, 1920, cash capital $3,000,000. Assets
January i, 1922 $21,871,750.22; reserves $11,374,350.63 and surplus
to policy holders $7,312,900.83.
FIRE MARSHAL DEPARTMENTS, CHIEF OFFICERS
OF. The following is a list of state officials having charge of the in-
vestigation of fires. [See also Fire Marshal Laws.)
States Names Official Residences
Alabama W. J. Williams Montgomery.
Arkansas (3) Bruce T. Bullion Little Rock.
Connecticut (i)Thomas F. Egan Hartford.
District of Columbia Philip W. Nicholson Washington.
Illinois John G. Gamber Springfield.
Indiana Newton T. Miller Indianapolis.
Iowa J. A. Tracy Des Moines.
Kansas L. T. Hussey Topeka.
Kentucky (a) J. A. Steltenkamp Louisville.
Louisiana Conrad J. Lecoq New Orleans.
Maine (2) G. Waldron Smith Augusta.
Maryland (2) Thomas J. Keating Baltimore.
Massachusetts (4) John C. Neal Boston.
Michigan (2) L. T. Hands Lcmsing.
Minnesota (2) Gus Lindquest St. Paul.
Mississippi T. A. Brown Jackson.
Montana (8) R. E. Munstrum Helena.
Nebraska (7) C. E. Hartford Lincoln.
North Carolina (2) Stacy W. Wade Raleigh.
North Dakota (a) H. L. Reade Bismarck.
Ohio H. A. Dykeman Columbus.
Oklahoma John Connolly Oklahoma City.
Oregon A. C. Barber Salem.
Pennsylvania CM. Wilhelm Harrisburg.
South Carolina (2) John J. McMahon Cross Hill.
South DakoU W. N. Van Camp Pierre.
Tennessee (b) Arthur Rogers Nashville.
Texas (9)S. W. Inglish Austin.
Vermont (2) Joseph G. Brown Montpelier.
Virginia (2) Joseph Button Richmond.
West Virginia (3)C. L. Topping Charleston.
Wisconsin (2) Piatt Whitman Madison.
I Chief of State Police. 2 Insurance commissioner. 3 Appointed by State Auditor
and ex-officio insurance commissioner. 4The department is known as the "Fire Mar-
shals' Department of the District Police" and the official title is "Deputy chief of the
district police." 7Deputy Fire Commissioner. 8 Appointed by Insurance Commission.
9 Fire Marshal of the State Insurance Commission, (a) Marshal is appointed by gover-
nor but is under control of the Insurance Department, (b) Fire Prevention Com-
missioner.
Fire Insurance Section 55
FIRE MARSHAL LAWS. Laws establishing the office of state
fire marshal were adopted in Massachusetts and Maryland in 1894,
which appears to have been the first legislation providing for investi-
gation of fires by a distinct state department, or as a function of the
insurance departments. Laws, providing for the investigation of fires
in some manner are now in force in the following states:
Alabama (i897f 1909. and 1911); Arkansas (19x7); Connecticut (1901. 1903.
and Z915); Iowa (191 1); Illinois (1909); Indiana (19x3); Kansas (1917); Kentucky
(1906. 1912, and 1916); Louisiana (1904) ; Massachusetts (1894); Maryland (1894).
(1906. 1910. and 19x6); Maine; Miasissippi (1902); Minnesota (1905 and 19x3):
Montana (191Z); Michigan (191X); and (1915): New Hampshire; North Carolina
(1899. 190X, 1903. and Z915); Nebraska (1909): North Dakota (1913); Ohio (1900)
and 1902); Oregon (191 7); Pennsylvania (1895 and 191 x); Rhode Island; South
Carolina (1904); South Dakota (1907): Tennessee (1907, 19x5); Texas; Virginia
(1906); West Virginia (1909 and 191 x); Wisconsin (1907 and 19x3).
[For a summary of the provisions and text of laws, see Cyclopedia
for 1913-14 and 1915* 1916 and 1917, and Taxation. Also Fire
Marshal departments, chief officers of.]
An amendment to the South Carolina law gives the commissioner,
or his deputy, power in the investigation of supposed incendiary fires
" to search for property or goods supposed to have been removed from
the building burned."
An act passed by the Vermont legislature in 191 7, transferring
powers imposed on the secretary of state and state treasurer in respect
to insurance, also makes the insurance commissioner ex-officio fire
marshal, and gives him power to investigate all fires and to subpoena
witnesses for such purpose.
The Indiana law was amended in 1917; the principal amendment
providing for periodic inspections of cities of the first, second, third
and fourth class by uniformed firemen and giving the marshal's depu-
ties and assistants power to hold inquiries and administer oaths.
Arkansas also adopted a fire marshal law in 191 7.
The Kansas legislature in 19 17 enacted a fire marshal law. Under
the act the marshal is appointed by the governor for a term of four
years. The marshal is empowered to apix>int a deputy marshal, and
such office assistants and additional deputies as may be necessary, and
such appointees have all the powers of deputy marshals. The mar-
shal may also appoint or employ state inspectors, '* known to be skilled
in the inspection of buiidmgs and contents," and such inspectors
have all the powers of deputy marshals, and among other duties the
inspectors shall report to the marshal any dangerous conditions found.
FIRE MARSHAL'S ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA
was organized in 1906 with D. S. Creamer, state fire marshal of Ohio,
president, and Edward Peterson, fire marshal of Minnesota, secretary
and treasurer. The membership consists of the fire marshal, fire
commissioner or other state officers charged with the duty of investi-
gating fires of the different states, and the objects of the association
are the exchange of experiences and statistics, and the promotion of
efficiency of office. The present officers, elected at the annual meeting
in Toronto, Canada in 1921, are: Homer Rutledge, Lansing, Mich.,
56 Cyclopedia of Insurance
president; Newman T. Miller, Indianapolis, Ind., vice-president;
L. T. Hussey, Topeka, Kansas, secretary and treasurer; J. A. Tracy,
Des Moines, Iowa, W. N. Van Camp, Pierre, S. Dakota, and the officers,
executive committee.
FIREMEN AND MECHANICS INSURANCE COMPANY,
Indianapolis, Ind. Ors^anized 1850: capital, $150,000. Edson T. Wood,
president; H. W. Watkins, secretary.
FIREMEN'S INSURANCE COMPANY. Newark, N. J. Or-
ganized 1855; capital, $1,250,000. Daniel H. Dunham, president;
Neal Bassett, vice-president; John Kay, vice-president and treasurer;
A. H. Hassinger, secretary; J. K. Meldrum, assistant secretary.
FIREMEN'S MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Provi-
dence, R. I. Organized 1854. Frederick W. Moses, president and
treasurer; Charles G. Easton, vice-president and secretary; Freder-
ick T. Moses, vice-president and engineer; Carlos F. Hunt, assistant
secretary.
FIRE PATROL, PROTECTIVE DEPARTMENTS, AND
SALVAGE CORPS. The fire patrols of the United States arc a
monument to the enlightened self-interest of the fire underwriters.
They have made them what they are, and in nearly all cases they
support them. The interest that they have in the preservation of
property is certainly a great incentive toward efficiency, and it is
probable that, no matter whether city governments undertake the
control and maintenance of the salvage corps or not, insurance
companies are likely to augment any action of cities toward the
preservation of property from fire loss to the fullest extent.
These organizations exist in the cities of Albany, N. Y.; Balti-
more, Boston, Brooklyn, Cincinnati, Chicago, Cleveland, Dayton,
Ohio ; Denver, Duluth, Grand Rapids, Kansas City, Janes ville, Wis. ;
Louisville, Lowell, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Mobile,
Newark, N. J,; New Orleans, New York, Omaha, Philadelphia,
Providence, Rochester, San Francisco, St. Louis, St. Paul and
Worcester. They are established by law, and, as a rule, are main-
tained and controlled by the local organization of fire underwriters.
(See Boston Protective Department, New York Fire Patrol, Chicago
Patrol, and Fire Insurance Salvage Corps of Brooklyn.)
FIRE REASSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, estab-
lished 1920. Capital $400,000. B. N. Carvalho, president; C. F.
Sturhahn, vice-president; B. Spycket, vice-president; T. B. Boss,
secretary and treasurer. Does fire and marine re-insurance only.
Executive office, Hartford, Conn.
FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE
NORTHWEST. This association had its birth in the city of Day-
ton, Ohio, February 22, 1871, and was organized as "The Associa-
Fire Insurance Section
57
tion of State, General, and Adjusting Fire Insurance Agents of the
Northwest." [For further information regarding the organization,
names of the organizers, and the early meetings, see Cyclopedia
for 1900-1901.]
The following is a list of the officers of the association since
its organization in 1871:
Terms
Ending.
Presidents.
Vice-Presidents.
Secretaries.
1871
J. S. Reed.
R. L. Douglas.
Charles E. Bliven.
1873
A. C. Blodgett.
Charles W. Marshall.
Charles E. Bliven.
1873
Robert J. Smith.
S. Lumbard.
Charles E. Bliven.
1874
Robert J. Smith.
S. Lumbard.
Charles E. Bliven.
1875
Charles W. Marshall.
J.O.Wilson.
Charles E. Bliven.
1876
J.O.Wilson.
Benjamin Vernor.
Charles E. Bliven.
1877
Charles £. BUven.
P. P. Heywood.
George W. Hayes.
1878
I. S. Blackwelder.
Jasper M. Dresser.
George W. Hayes.
1879
George W. Adams.
WUliam B. Cornell.
George W. Hayes.
z88o
Azd W. Spalding.
A. J. Waters.
George W. Hayes.
i88x
Jasper M. Dresser.
Edward F. Rice.
George W. Hayes.
1883
William B. ComeU.
J. N. Neuberger.
George W. Hayes.
X883
James M. DeCamp.
C.W. Potter.
George W. Hayes.
1884
Cyrus K. Drew.
T.J. Zollers.
J. C. Griffiths.
J. C. Griffiths.
1885
J. L. Whitlock.
T. H. Smith.
1886
William F. Fox.
A. H. Hobbs.
J. C. Griffiths.
J. C. Griffiths.
X887
Abram Williams.
W. R. Freeman.
1888
Isaac W. Holman.
J. C. Myers.
J. C. Griffiths.
X889
John Howley.
Edwin A. Simonds.
W. T. Clark.
J. C. Griffiths.
1890
Eugene V. Munn.
J. C. Griffiths.
1891
Henry C. Eddy.
Byron G. Stark.
W. P. Harford.
Eugene V. Munn.
1893
Howard P. Gray.
Eugene V. Munn.
1893
Eugene Harbeck.
Ernest L. Allen.
Eugene V. Munn.
1894
H. Clay Stuart.
George M. Lovejoy.
Eugene V. Munn.
i89S
W. J. Littlejohn.
H. C. Alverson.
Eugene V. Munn.
1896
Geo. M. Lovejoy.
Henry T. Lamey.
Eugene V. Munn.
1897
George H. Moore.
S. E. Cate.
Eugene V. Munn.
1898
J. H. Lenehan.
John E. Davies.
W. R. Townley.
D. S. Wagner.
1899
Frank H. Whitney.
D. S. Wagner.
1900
Otto E. Greely.
Cyrus Woodbury.
D. S. Wagner.
Z90X
P. D. McGregor.
George W. Hayes.
D. S. Wagner.
1902
H. N. Wood.
Fred W. Williams.
D. S. Wagner.
1903
John Marshall, Jr.
H. H. Fieidly.
H. R. Louden.
D. S. Wagner.
1904
F. W. Bowers.
D. S. Wagner.
1905
T. S. Gallagher.
Robert S. Odell.
S. D. Andms.
Nelson E. Briggs.
Z906
D. W. Andrews.
Nelson E. Briggs.
1907
Wm. L. King.
C. G. Meeker.
Nelson E. Briggs.
1908
Carroll L. De WiU,
W. 0. Chamberlain.
Nelson E. Briggs.
1909
H. N. Kelsey.
Neal C. Rowland.
Nelson E. Briggs.
Z9X0
Claude G. Dietrick.
G. E. Rediield.
Nelson E. Briggs.
191 X
Alexander R. Monroe.
John H. Gray.
Nelson E. Briggs.
Z9X3
M.W.Van Valkenburg.
H. W. Stephenson.
Guy A. Richards.
19 13
W. R. Townley.
K S. Freeman.
Guy A. Richards.
19 14
Daniel W. Andrews.
C. N. Gorham.
Guy A. Richards.
191s
B. L. West.
John Fitzgerald.
Guy A. Richards.
I916
A. A. Maloney.
A. E. Henry.
Guy A. Richards.
I917
J. Georee Stauffer.
W. E. Atwater.
Guy A. Richards.
X918
Frank G. Snyder.
J. M. Larmore
Guy A. Richards.
1919
Preston T. Kelsey.
H. V. Myers.
W. P. Robertson
1930
Everett T. Tanner.
B. T. Duffy.
W. P. Robertson.
I92I
Charles H. Coates.
William T. Benallack
Robert C. Hosmer.
1923
E G Pbelnhs.
Charles J. Richman.
Robert C. Hosmer.
58 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The fifty-second meeting of the Association was held in Chicago,
111., October 5 and 6, 192 1. The meeting however was designated the
"fiftieth annual meeting," as it marked the golden anniversary of the
organization. President Coates called the meeting to order and in his
address referred to the affairs of the association and its influence on the
business during its fifty years of educational activity, and discussed
briefly present conditions and tendencies in the business. Speaking of
publicity, he said that while the campaign conducted through the
press had reached a proportion of the reading public the local agent
could do more to enlighten the general public than could be expected
from newspaper advertising.
The annual address was delivered by Russell W. Osbom, San
Francisco, general agent of the North British and Mercantile insurance
company, whose subject was "The Hidden Pool," The address was a
warning against the growth of socialism, not so much against its theor>'
as in its application to practical affairs and governmental relations,
and the speaker made an earnest plea for a larger and broader educa-
tion. The underwriter must himself clear the public mind of the
doubts and misunderstandings regarding underwriting theory and
practice.
Other addresses were delivered as follows: "Review of Fifty
Years," Thomas R. Weddell, Insurance Post, Chicago, III.; "Expensive
Economics in City Fire Service," Allen D. Albert, Paris, 111.; "Around
The World," Howard P. Moore, New York, N. Y., Manager, American
Foreign Insurance Association; "Looking Both Ways," David O.
Stine, Reedsburg, Wis., state agent St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance
Company; "Naturalization and Nationalizing the Alien," Evan A.
Evans, Chicago, judge of the United States circuit court.
Reports from the secretary and treasurer reviewing the affairs of
the Association, and from standing committees and the librarian were
also presented.
Officers were elected as follows: President, E. S. Phelps, state agent
Insurance Company of North America, Burlington, la.; vice-president,
Charles Richman, American of Newark, Tipton, Ind.; secretary,
Robert C. Hosmer, National Liberty, Chicago, 111.; treasurer, A. S.
Jacobs, Queen, Chicago, 111. The following were elected directors for
three years; Junius M. Clark, Indianapolis; Royal A. Buckman,
Chicago, and VV. H. demons, Cincinnati. Other members of the Board
are: Everett T. Tanner, Decatur, 111.; K. L. Walling, Des Moines,
Iowa and C. D. Livingston, Detroit, Mich., Preston T. Kelsey, New
York, N. Y.; H. E. Boning, Milwaukee, Wis.; George E. Leach,
Minneapolis, Minn.; (elected 1920, three years.)
FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE
NORTHWEST, LIBRARY OF THE. For many years after the
formation of the association in 1871 books and pamphlets given to
it by members and friends accumulated, but, no money being appro-
priated for their caretaking, they were stored wherever it mi)(ht
be convenient and were practically inaccessible to members. In
time the annually published proceedings of the association meet-
ings, volumes of insurance periodicals, and gifts of their insurance
Fire Insurance Section 59
libraries by deceased members were added. Three or four years
prior to 1893 these treasures were deposited in the basement of the
Woman's Temple in Chicago, under the custodianship of Mr. R. M.
Buckman.
In the autumn of 1893 Mr. R. M. Buckman, representing the
association, made efiForts to secure an appropriation and the estab-
lishment of a permanent library room, and at the annual meeting
of the association that year a committee composed of Messrs.
George W. Hayes, H. C. Eddy and George W. Adams, together
with the president and secretary, was appointed with authority to
act in the matter. It resulted in the renting, for a term of years,
of Room 225 in the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, which
was appropriately fitted up with library furniture, and the books
and other literary belongings of the association were placed therein.
In 1907 the library committee deemed it necessary, owing to
the fact Uiat the books of the association were accumulating, but of
little or no benefit to the members, to secure a room or rooms
where the library could be installed and at the same time be made
the headquarters for members from out of town. With this pur-
pose in view, Mr. John Marshall, chairman of the library committee,
secured quarters in the Rookery Building, and in October, 1908, the
library was moved and a librarian placed in charge. At this time
the library contained less than 900 volumes and the books were more
of historical interest than otherwise. In 191 1, on the completion
of the new Insurance Exchange Building, the Chicago Board of
Underwriters granted a space on the twenty-first floor for the use
of the combined libraries of the Fire Underwriters* Association of
the Northwest, the Fire Insurance Club of Chicago and the Board
of Underwriters. It is now located in the heart of the fire in-
surance interests and easily accessible to students of the busi-
ness. From a comparatively small beginning the library has now
some 1,500 volumes besides numerous pamphlets and files of cur-
rent magazines. The library is open during office hours every
business day of the year.
Emma L. Quackenbush is librarian, and the library committee of
the Fire Underwriters Association is as follows: Ralph B. Ives, chair-
man; H. H. Glidden, Royal A. Buckman, T. M. Hogan and W. C.
Boom.
FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE PA-
CIFIC, composed of general and special agents, managers, as-
sistant managers, and independent adjusters of fire insurance
companies doing business on the Pacific coast and having its head-
quarters at San Francisco, was organized in November, 1875, and was
the outgrowth of the Virginia City, Nev., fire of October, 1875. [For
an account of the formation of this association see the Cyclopedia of
Insurance 1893-94.]
Officers are: Louis H. Elarle, president; Charles J. Richman, vice-
president; J. Hunter Harrison, secretary and treasurer; J. P. Moore,
assistant secretary and librarian.
60 Cyclopedia of Insurance
FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATIONS. GENERAL,
SECTIONAL AND STATE. The list of associations of fire under-
writers is a long one, and includes associations that are national in
scope, also several sectional associations, and numerous state and
local organizations. Their objects are as diversified and range from
supervising and rating organizations to those that are purely social
and educational in their activities. National, sectional, state, and the
more important local associations will be found in alphabetical order
in this volume. [See also Cyclopedia for 1913-14, and earlier volumes.]
m
FIRE UNDERWRITERS ELECTRICAL BUREAU, New
York, N. Y. The bureau was organized March 31, 1904, by fire insur-
ance companies: " For the encouragement of standard construction
and protection in electrical traction and electric light and jxjwer prop-
erties, and for systematic inspection of such properties."
Elliott Middleton, i Liberty Street, New York, is secretary' and
treasurer of the bureau and the executive committee is composed of
representatives of the following companies: Great American, Liverpool
and London and Globe, North British and Mercantile, National
Fire, Home, Hartford Fire and JEtna..
The following is the membership roll:
iGtna. Hartford New York Underwriters Agency. N. Y.
American. Newark Niagara Fire. New York.
Atlas. England North British and Mercantile. England
Automobile, Hartford. Conn. Northern Assurance. England
Boston, Boston, Mass. Norwich Union, England
Citizens, of Missouri Orient. Hartford
Commercial Union, England Phoenix, London
Fire Association, Philadelphia Phcenix. Hartford
Fireman's Fund, California Providence Washington, Providence
Great American. New York Queen, New York
Glens Falls, Glens Falls Rochester German Underwriters Agency
Hanover Fire, New York Royal Exchange. England
Hartford Fire, Hartford Royal. Liverpool, England
Home. New York Security. New Haven
Ins. Co. of North America, Philadelphia Springfield Fire and Marine, Springfield
Liverpool and London and Globe, England Sun. London, England
London and Lancashire Fire, England Scottish Union and National, Scotland
National Fire. Hartford Westchester Fire, New York
New Hampshire Fire, New Hampshire
FIRST REINSURANCE COMPANY, 750 Main St., Hartford,
Conn. Organized 1912; capital, $500,000. Heber H. Stryker presi-
dent. Samuel Ludlow, Jr., vice-president and secretary.
FIRST RUSSIAN INSURANCE COMPANY, Petrograd.
Russia. Paul £. Rasor, United States manager, New York.
FITCHBURG MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Fitchburg, Mass. Organized 1847. Lincoln R. Welch, president*
J. Lovell Johnson, vice-president; Frederick W. Porter, secretary.
Fire Insurance Section 61
FLORIDA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE AGENTS
was organized at a meeting held in Tampa in November, 1904. Officers
were elected as follows: President, Walker Anderson, rensacola;
secretary and treasurer, Marion Prince, Tampa. The present officers,
elected at the annual meeting in April, 1921, are: Clifford A. Payne,
Jacksonville, president; B. D. Cole, West Palm Beach, vice-president;
Wallace Lamar, Pensacola, second vice-president; J.^ C. McKay,
Tampa, third vice-president; F. H. Elmore, Jacksonville, secretary
and treasurer.
FRANKLIN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, of Phil-
adelphia. Chartered 1829; capital, $1,000,000. Elbridge G. Snow,
president; Frederic C. Buswell, vice-president; Clarence A. I^udlum,
vice-president; Charles L. Tyner, vice-president and treasurer; Wil-
fred Kurth, vice-president and secretary; Harold V. Smith, secretary;
Joseph A. Steel, assistant secretary; Vincent C. Wyatt, assistant
secretary. Control of this company was acquired by interests identi-
fied with the Home Insurance Company of New York in 191 5.
FRANKLIN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Organized 1854. Joseph G. Henshaw, president;
Richard Bowen, secretary.
FUSO MARINE AND FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Tokio,
Japan. Entered the United States in 1920. Carpinter & Baker, United
States attorneys and marine managers, 3 South William Street, New
York. Wm. H. Kenzel Co., New York, managers fire branch.
Established 1870
THE INSURANCE INDEX
ONE OF THE OLDEST
INSURANCE PUBLICATIONS
ISSUED IN AMERICA
This Journal should be read by every
wide awake Insurance Agent and Broker
as well as by those having Insurance of
any kind to effect.
A Sure Guide to Sound Indemnity.
Published Bi-weekly
Subscription Price, $2.50 Per Annum
38 Park Row
NEW YORK
G
GENERAL ADJUSTMENT BUREAU was organized at a
meeting of company officers held in New York in November,
1905. It is an incorporated body, and its purposes are to adjust
losses and to have general charge over adjustment of losses through-
out the east. Frank Lock, manager of the Atlas, was elected president
and C. D. Dunlop, vice-president of the Providence- Washington, vice-
president. An executive committee was also elected as follows: E. H. A.
Correa, Home, chairman; Henry Evans, Continental; Edward Milli-
gan, Phcenix; Henry W. Eaton, Liverpool and London and Globe;
and C. F. Shallcross, Royal. W. J. Greer is general manager of the
bureau; Wilfred Garretson, assistant general manager. At the annual
meeting in December 1921, C. D. Dunlop, Providence- Washington
was elected president; C. F. Shallcross, Royal, vice-president; and N.
B. Bassett, secretary; directors, C. D. Dunlop, Geo. M. Lovejoy,
Cecil F. Shallcross, John B. Morton, F. C. Buswell, Chas. G. Smith,
F. R. Millard, Percival Beresford, Whitney Palache. Office, 80 Maiden
Lane, New York, N. Y.
GENERAL AGENTS. The title of general agent has no special
application or definition, but as a rule, a general agent has jurisdic-
tion over a designated territory, though in some cases he may have
jurisdiction over a company's entire field of operations. In fire insur-
ance a general agent is practically the underwriting manager for a
given territory and appoints local and special agents.
GENERAL FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF PARIS,
Paris, France. Fred. S. James & Co., New York, United States
managers, 123 William Street.
GENERAL INSPECTION COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minn.
This is a rating organization, and operates in Minnesota and North
and South Dakota. Walter I. Fisher is manager and Charles J. Lund,
assistant manager; J. B. McLeran, Duluth; Edgar Pritchard, Minne-
apolis; Edw. A. Ritt, St. Paul; H. I. Howe, Winona, are district
managers.
GEORGE WASHINGTON FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Greensboro, N. C. Organized 1903; capital, $200,000. Formerly
Southern Underwriters, present title adopted in 192 1. A. W. McAlis-
ter, president and treasurer; R. G. Vaughn, first vice-president; A. M.
Scales, second vice-president; C. A. Mebane, secretary; W. L. Sharpe,
assistant secretary.
64 Cyclopedia of Insurance
GEORGIA HOME INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Colum-
bus, Ga. Oi^anized 1859; capital, $200,000. Rhodes Browne,
president; Dana Blackmar, vice-president and secretary; A. P. Bugg,
treasurer; George Klump, assistant secretary.
GEORGIA LOCAL UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION
was organized in March, 1898, with F. W. Cole, president, and
M. P. Calloway, secretary. At the annual meeting, held in May 1921,
the following officers were elected: E. B. Harrold, Macon, president;
E. A. Erwin, Atlanta, vice-president; Harrold Eve, Augusta, second
vice-president; Dana Blackmar, Jr., Macon, secretary and treasurer.
GERMAN-AMERICAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Washington, D. C. Organized 187^; capital, $100,000. Chas.
Schafer, president; F. A. Blundon, vice-president; Julius A. Mae-
del, treasurer; H. H. Bergmann, secretary; G. M. Emmerich, assist-
ant secretary.
GIRARD FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1853; capital, $500,000. Henry M.
Gratz, president; Daniel H. Dunham, Neal Bassett, vice-presidents;
Davis G. Vaughan, secretary; Albert H. Hassinger, Charles J. Fitz-
gerald, assistant secretaries; John Kay, treasurer. The company is
controlled by the Firemen's Insurance Company of Newark. (502 Wal-
nut Street.)
GLEN COVE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Glen Cove,
N. Y. Organized 1837. Richard Downing, president; Daniel J.
Hegeman, vice-president; Frederick E. Willets, treasurer; James W.
Townsend, secretary; Karl E. Greene, assistant secretary.
GLENS FALLS INSURANCE COMPANY, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Organized 1849; capital, $1,000,000. E. W. West, president; H. N.
Dickinson, vice-president; F. M. Smalley, secretary; R. C. Carter,
treasurer; F. L. Cowles, H. W. Knight, J. A. Mavon, assistant secre-
taries.
GLOBE AND RUTGERS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
III William Street, New York, N. Y. Organized February 9, 1899;
capital, $700,000. E. C. Jameson, president; Lyman Candee, vice-
president; W. H. Paulison, second vice-president; J. H. Mulvehill
vice-president and secretary; W. L. Lindsay, secretary; J. D. Lester,
secretary; A. H. Witthohn, and George C. Owens, assistant secretaries;
M. J. Volkman, local secretary.
GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized
1862; capital, $300,000. A. E. Succop, president; A. H. Eckert,
secretary and treasurer; John A. Eckert, vice-president; C. H. E.
Succop, vice-president C. C. Henry, assistant treasurer.
Fire Insurancb Section 65
GLOBE NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sioux
City, Iowa. Organized 1918; capital, paid-in, $1,000,000. Edd G.
Doerfler, president and general manager; George Fulton, secretary.
GRAND RAPIDS MERCHANTS MUTUAL FIRE IN-
SURANCE COMPANY, Grand Rapids, Mich. J. N. Trompen, presi-
dent; J. De. Hoog, secretary and treasurer.
GRAIN BELT INSURANCE COMPANY, Des Moines, Iowa.
Organized 1920; capital, $100,000. C. Fred Morgan, president; Frank
L. White, vice-president; Warren T. Ay res, vice-president and agency
supervisor; W. S. Tidrick, secretary. Transacts hail insurance only.
GRAIN DEALERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Boston, Mass. Organized 1907. Dean K. Webster, presi-
dent; A. Shirley Ladd, vice-president and secretary; Milton L. Gush-
ing, treasurer; Albert M. Nickerson, assistant secretary; Winthrop A.
Lord, assistant treasurer. (40 Central Street.) '
GRANGE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Contoo-
cook, N. H. Organized 1888. Charles W. Vamey, president; James
E. Shepard, vice-president; Arthur C. Call, secretary; Walter H. Tripp,
treasurer.
GRANITE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Barre, Vt.
Organized 1907. James Mackay, president; Albert A. Sargent and
H. Wm. Scott, vice-presidents; R. G. Robinson, secretary and treasurer.
GRANITE STATE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Ports-
mouth, N. H. Organized 1885; capital, $200,000. John H. Bartlett,
president; Frank W. Sargeant, vice-president; Joseph O. Hobbs,
vice-president; John W. Emery, secretary; Frank E. Martin, George
A. French, William B. Burpee, Charles E. Chase, secretaries; Orel
L. Dexter, assistant secretary. Control of the company was acquired
by the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company in 192 1.
GREAT AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY of New York,
was organized March 7, 1872. Capital stock, $10,000,000; net surplus,
December 31, 1921, $12,213,010.92. The officers are: Charles G. Smith
president; Jesse E. White, vice-president; Edwin M. Cragin, secretary;
Alexander R. Phillips, secretary; Wm. H. Kopp, E. S. Archer, R. S.
Glass, L. J. Borland, G. E. Krech, H. B. Churchill, assistant secretaries.
The western department office is at Chicago, W. H. Sage, general
manager; W. L. Lerch, manager; Geo. B. Sedgwick and Edward O.
Basse, assistant managers. The Pacific Coast otihce is at San Francisco,
George H. Tyson, general agent; Clifford Conly and Harry Benner,
assistant general agents. The directors are: Ralph L. Cutter, Otto L.
Dommerich, Herman C. Fleitmann, Eustis L. Hopkins, Arthur O.
Choate, Samuel McRoberts, Charles G. Smith, Howard C. Smith,
66 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Julius A. Stursberg, Jesse E. White, William Wood, John A. Garver,
James A. Stillman, Earl D. Babst, Charles D. Norton, Philip Stockton.
(i Liberty Street.)
GREAT LAKES INSURANCE COMPANY. Chicago, III.
Organized in 191 7 as the Polonia Fire; began business in 1918; cap-
ital, paid up, $400,000. N. L. Piotrowski, president; H. W. Letton,
vice-president and managing underwriter; Julius F. Smietanka,
secretary; John F. Smulski, treasurer.
GREAT NORTHERN INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Paul,
Minn. Organized 1916; capital, paid in, $101,497.50. Albert Berg,
president; John Q. Mackintosh, vice-president; Ira C. Peterson,
secretary, and Ned W. Low, assistant secretary.
GREAT UNION FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, New Orleans, La. Organized 1920; capital, $250,000.
GREEN MOUNTAIN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Montpelier, Vt. Organized 19 19; guaranty capital, $50,000.
H. J. M. Jones, president; G. L. Blanchard, Chas. H Schoff, vice-
presidents; W. A. Ellis, secretary; E. H. Deavitt, treasurer.
GREENSBORO FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Greensboro,
N. C. Organized 1898; capital, $100,000. A. W. McAllister, presi-
dent and treasurer; R. G. Vaughn, first vice-president; A. M. Scales,
second vice-president; C. A. Mebane, secretary; W. L. Sharpe, assist-
ant secretary. Unden^'riters of Greensboro; present title adopted in
192 1.
GUARANTY FIRE ASSURANCE CORPORATION, 80 Maiden
Lane, New York, N. Y. Organized 19 19; cash capital, $200,000.
John S. Sutphen, president; William H. Andrews, vice-president;
E. E. Hall, vice-president; E. S. Powell, Jr., secretary and treasurer.
GUARDIAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salt Lake City,
Utah. Organized 1913; capital $200,000.00. D. C. Eccles, president;
E. P. Ellison, vice-president; E. L. Sloan, treasurer; VValter Cox,
secretary. The Agency Company, general agents.
H
HAILSTORM INSURANCE. The business of insuring grow-
ing crops against damage by hail is done by small mutual and town-
ship companies, either in conjunction with nre and tornado insurance,
or independently, and is now written also by a number of stock
compames. As mutual and township companies are not required
to report separately the classes of business, the statistics regarding
hailstorm insurance, or as it is more commonly designated, hail in-
surance, are not complete. The following is a statement of the busi-
ness transacted by stock companies in 192 1 :
Companies
Xxnai
A^cultural
American Eagle ....
American Equitable
American Newark ....
American Fire, New York
Atlas, England ....
American National ....
Automobile, Ct
Boston
Camden
Central Fire, Md
Central States, Des Moines .
City of Pennsylvania
Cleveland, National
Columbian, N J
Commonwealth, N. Y. .
Connecticut
Continental, N. Y
Eagle Star
Eagle, N. J
Equitable Fire and Marine .
Federal, N.J
Fidelity-Phoenix ....
Fireman's Fund ....
Firemens, N. J
Glens Falls
Globe & Rutgers ....
Globe National
Grain Belt
Great American
Great Republic
Hartford
Hawkeye Securities ....
Henry Clay Fire
Home, N. Y
Home, F. & M., Cal
Hudson, N. Y.
Insurance Company of North America
Interstate, Fire, Mich.
Iowa. National
iowa State
Liberty, Mo
Liverpool & London & Globe
Mechanics & Traders ....
Mercantile, N. Y
Net
Net Losses
Premiums
Incurred
$I43>398
$75,672
156.453
106,331
53.951
43.241
4.117
1,982
84,982
53.099
17,707
7.308
39.513
7
81,707
23.760
46,086
v« •• *« ••
84,507
57.835
2,386
32.520
7
5
7
1,294
15.454
146
254,785
215,054
269,753
194,168
26
30,213
15.103
309,403
217,806
212,035
172,705
3,162
64,71s
52,868
293,323
266,143
387,029
261,087
53.120
21,897
602,148
395.932
149,080
71,266
2,199,835
1,738,802
498.011
241.545
12,626
3,029
2,036,180
1.634.544
226
48,339
28,419
140,631
75.579
6
8
22
128.299
75.810
14.912
6.827
20,074
7.914
68
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Companies
Merchanu, N. Y
Minneapolis Fire & Marine .
National Fire, Ct
National American, Omaha .
National Union, Pittsburgh .
New Brunswick ....
Niagara, N. Y
North American National
North British & Mercantile .
North River
Norwich Union ....
Northwestern Fire & Marine
Ohio Farmers
Old Colony
Ohio Valley ....
Omaha Liberty ....
Pennsylvania Fire, Phil. .
Phoenix, Ct
Providence-Washington
Queen, N. Y
Richmond
Rochester Underwriters
Rossia
Royal
Royal Exchange ....
Security, Conn
Scottish Union and National .
South Carolina
Springfield Fire and Marine
State
St. Paul Fire and Marine
Twin City
Union Reserve ....
United States Fire, N. Y. .
Westchester
Net
Net Losses
Premiums
Incurred
$188,777
$191,662
230,440
isa.374
3S3.707
122,231
62,536
29,424
75,431
57.336
IS
78,338
S6U41
153.023
75,047
8,352
4.549
19,077
4.196
12.298
3.463
568,780
400.145
616
10
41
11,048
4.776
59.053
14.560
794
764
225,276
242,800
130,157
69,564
18,594
' 4.IS7
"39,728
16.639
281
IS
238,664
171.326
383
8,853
4.001
140,700
75.587
3
24
638,571
268,298
408
231
86,797
56.742
310,896
265.392
Totals 192 1
$12,096,085 $8,401,642
HAMILTON COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1858. J. H. Kohmescher, presi-
dent; H. A. Rattermann, secretary. Formerly the German Mutual
Insurance Company, name changed in 1920.
HAMILTON FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York.
Organized 1852; capital, paid-up $200,004; authorized, $500,000.
E. C. Jameson, president; Joseph S. Stout, vice-president; Arthur
Lenssen, Jr., secretary, iii William Street.
HAMPSHIRE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Pittsiield, Mass. Incoiporated 1830; began business 1832. Henry
R. Pierson, president; Charles L. Hibbard, vice-president; Robert A.
Barbour, secretary and treasurer; Charles F. Reid, assistant secretary.
HAND-IN-HAND Underwriters Department of Commercial Union
Assurance Company, Limited, of London, England. Organized 19 13.
Whitney Palache, manager; F. W. Koeckert, assistant manager; Wm.
M. Ballard, branch secretary, 114 Fifth Avenue, New York City, N. Y.
Hand-in-Hand Underwriters closed the year of 192 1 with:
Assets $14,057,803.84
Net surplus 4,496,434.22
Premium Income 8.399,611.00
Fire Insurance Section 69
HANOVER FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of New York
was organized April 15, 1852, and began business in the same month;
capital. Si, 000,000. R. Emory Waraeld, president; Fred A. Hub-
bard, vice-president; Charles W. Higley, vice-president; E. Stanley
Jarvis, secretary; Wm. Morrison, assistant secretary, 34-36 Pine Street.
HARTFORD BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was or-
ganized at a meeting held February 29, 1864, and the following com-
panies made up the membership: ^Etna, Hartford Fire, Connecticut
Fire. Phoenix Fire, Charter Oak Fire and Marine, Merchants, North
American Fire, New England Fire and City Fire. Officers were
elected as follows : President, H. Huntington ; vice-president, Thom-
as A. Alexander; secretary, E. Thomas Lobdell; treasurer, B. W.
Green. The present officers elected at the annual meeting in January,
1922, are: Clement H. Brigham, president; F. A. Morley, vice-presi-
dent; Edwin S. Cowles, Jr., secretary; C. M. Goddard, Boston, treas-
urer; executive committee, William R. Penrose chairman; Marshall
O. Wells, J. Watson Beach, Arthur W. Allen, Robert C. Knox.
HARTFORD COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY.
Hartford, Conn. Organized 1831. William A. Erving, president and
treasurer; Edward F. Harrison, secretary.
HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. The charter
of the company was granted at the May session of the General
Assembly in 1810, and the company was organized June 27th of
that year, with Nathaniel Terry, president, and Walter Mitdiell,
secretary. It began business in August of the same year. The
charter, a perpetual one, authorized a capital of $150,000 in $50
shares. In 1853 the company was authorized to increase its capital
to a sum not exceeding $300,000, and to change the par value of
its shares to $100. By later amendments the authorized capital
was increased to $10,000,000,^ and in 1906 the paid up capital was in-
creased to $2,000,000. Since its organization the Hartford has received
in premiums, $520,024,404.92, and has paid in losses, $278,694,005.92.
It has paid since organization $24,620,329.00 in cash dividends, and
$950,000 in stock.
The present officers are: Chas. E. Chase, chairman of the Board;
R. M. Bissell, president; James Wyper, S. E; Locke and Frederic C.
White, vice-presidents; Thos. H. Scotland, Frederic C. Moore, Charles
S. Kramer and Gilbert A. Russell, assistant secretaries; D. J. Glazier,
secretary and treasurer. The Hartford has a Western department at
Chicago, 111., Dugan & Carr, general agents; a Pacific department at
San Francisco, Cal., Dixwell Hewitt, general agent; a Southern depart-
ment at Atlanta, Ga., W. R. Prescott, general agent. C. S. Timberlake,
general agent, is in charge of the Marine and Transportation department
at Hartford, Conn. The directors of the Hartford are: Meigs H.
Whaples, Chas. E. Chase, R. M. Bissell, Henry S. Robinson, and
Walter L. Goodwin, Samuel Ferguson, Phillip G. Gale, Geo. S. Steven-
son. The Hartford does a fire and tornado and inland-marine insur-
ance business.
70 Cyclopedia of Insurance
HAWKEYE SECURITIES FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Des Moines, Iowa. Organized 1918; capital $1,000,000. H. R. Howell,
president; W. S. Hazard, Jr., vice-president; R. S. Howell, vice-presi-
dent and secretary; H. CT. Hargrove, vice-president; C. M. Garvcr,
treasurer; H. K. Miller, assistant secretary.
HENRY CLAY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lexington,
Ky. Organized 1910; capital, $450,000. H. M. Froman, president;
J. L. Watkins, vice-president and treasurer; F. G. Stilz, secretary;
Claude F. Snyder, manager.
HERNANDO INSURANCE COMPANY, Memphis, Tenn.
Organized i860; capital, $100,000. John R. Pepper, president; J. S.
Dunscomb, secretary.
HINGHAM MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Hingham, Mass. Organized 1826. Henry W. Gushing, president
and treasurer; Alan F. Hersey, secretary.
HOLYOKE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salem,
Mass. Organized 1843. Carlos P. Faunce, president; Louis O. John-
son, vice-president and secretary; Elmer A. Dresser, treasurer and
assistant secretary. Arthur F. Smith, general agent.
HOME FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, San
Francisco, Cal. Organized 1918; capital, paid in, $1,000,000; T. B.
Levison, president; John Marshall, Jr., vice-president; H. P. Blan-
chard, secretary; J. S. French, C. C. Wright, and F. G. White, assistant
secretaries; A. W. Follansbee, Jr., marine secretary; T. M. Gardiner,
treasurer; Edward Randall, general auditor.
HOME INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, of New York was
organized in April, 1853, under act of April 10, 1849, the original
capital being $500,000. The charter authorized fire and inland and
marine insurance, both of which were prosecuted by the company
until 1870, when inland and marine operations were discontinuecL
April 13, 1864, an amendment was adopted, authorizing ocean marine
insurance. That branch also was discontinued eighteen months after
its inception. In 1888 marine and inland transactions were resumed
under the charter. In April, 1913, the charter was amended, ex-
tended to cover all the hazards and classes of business enumerated
in revised section no of the N. Y. Insurance law. In 1913, ocean
marine insurance was resumed, also hail, sprinkler leakage and
other lines were engaged in under the extended charter. July 15,
1858, the capital was increased to $600,000, under act of June 25,
1853. Under the same act the amount was increased to $1,000,000,
February 19, 1859. The capital was doubled in amount December
31, 1863, and an additional increase of half a million was ordered
July 13, 1870, making the total $2,500,000. A further increase was
effected January 23, 1875, the amount being $500,000. Since that
Fire Insurance Section 71
date the capital remained at $3,000,000 until July 8, 1913, when it
was increased to $6,000,000. On May 9, 1921, the capital was doubled
making the present capital $12,000,000, fully paid up.
The total assets and liabilities of the Home, December 31, 192 1,
were:
Cash Assets $75t93i.55X-68
Cash Capital 1 2,000,000.00
Liabilities 42.967 ,383-37
Net Surplus 20,964,168.31
Surplus as Regards Policyholders 32,964,168.31
The Home has received since its organization in premiums,
$499»439f36i -S^^t and has paid in loseess, over $259,875,025.41.
Elbridge G. Snow, president; Frederic C. Buswell, vice-president;
Clarence A. Ludlum, vice-president; Charles L. Tyner, vice-president;
Wilfred Kurth, vice-president and secretary; Vincent P. Wyatt, secre-
tary; John A. Campbell, secretary; William L. Dennis, secretary;
Harold S. Poole, secretary; Elmer C. Decker, assistant secretary;
William Millar, assistant secretary; Frank J. McFadden, assistant
secretary; Gustave A. Blumenreiter, assistant secretary; Harry H.
Schulte, assistant secretary; Henry G. Foard, assistant secretary; Ar-
thur C. Baillie, assistant secretary; Charles M. Martindale, assistant
secretary.
The Company now writes all classes of insurance which are per-
missible to a hre insurance company under the laws of the State of
New York. The company is a member of The American Foreign
Insurance Association, writing business in foreign territory.
HOOSIER INTERSTATE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
of Kokomo, Ind. This company was organized on the mutual plan
in 19 16 and transacts a reinsurance business in connection with sixty-
two mutual insurance companies of Indiana whose automobile risks
it reinsures. Its officers are Elwood Hayes, president; Edward Ap-
person, vice-president; and A. H. Goyer, secretary and treasurer.
HOPE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Provi-
dence, R. I. Organized 1875. Frank L. Pierce, president; Charles C.
Stover, vice-president and engfineer ; George F. Hiller, vice-president and
engineer; Royal G. Luther, secretary; Everett W. Allan, Benjamin C.
Hall, assistant secretaries.
HUDSON INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y.
Oreanized 1018: capital, p;iid-in, S.soo.ooo; ]. M. Wennstrom. presi-
dent; F. W. Kentner, vice-president and treasurer; Howard N.
Morgan, secretary.
I
IDE, HENRY J., New England General Agent, 122 Milk St.
Boston, Mass. Companies represented, Albany, American of New
Jersey, United American of Pittsburg, Virginia F. & M., Eastern
Underwriters of the Camden Fire Insurance Association and The
Jersey Fire Underwriters of the American Insurance Company. Ralph
G. Hinkley, associate general agent.
ILLINOIS ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS. Or-
ganized at Chicago, August 2, 1899, with the following officers: Pres-
ident, R. W. Hosmer of Chicago; vice-president, Jacob Wachcnheimer
of Pedria; second vice-president, John H. Camhn of Rockford; sec-
retary, Joseph Van Every of Chicago; treasurer, R. S. Critchell of
Chicago. J. A. Giberson, president; Shirley E. Moisant, Kankakee,
secretary.
ILLINOIS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Peoria, 111. Organ-
ized 1876; capital, $200,000. M. S. Cremer, president; Robert Zim-
mermann, vice-president; Henry F. Tuerk, secretary, and Adolph
Cremer, treasurer.
ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS
was organized at Springfield in 1882 by the field men of stock fire
insurance companies, the original call having been issued by Dr.
B. T. Wise. The board, while originally a supervising and rating
body, no longer has such functions, and the constitution states the
objects of the board to be " the promotion of correct practices in
underwriting, the economical conduct of the business, the dissemina-
tion of information among its members and the public, and the en-
couragement of harmony and fraternity."
At the annual meeting held in June, 192 1, oTcers were elected as
follows: Melven LePitre, president; Fred H. Simons, vice-president;
E. E. Edwards, secretary; executive committee, Frank G. Cargill,
D. P. Coffman, Chas. J. Lingenfelder. 175 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, 111.
IMPERIAL ASSURANCE COMPANY of New York. Organ-
ized 1899; capital, $500,000. Percival Beresford, president; Herbert
W. Ellis, vice-president; Howard Terhune, secretary, 100 William
Street.
IMPERIAL MARINE TRANSPORT AND FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY of Tokio, Japan. Willcox, Peck & Hughes, United States
Managers, 3 South William Street, New York.
Fire Insurance Section 73
IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS INSURANCE COMPANY, of
New York, 47 Beaver Street, New York, N. Y. Organized 191 8 ; capital
paid in $7000,000. Leon Schinasi, president; A. Valensi, treasurer; J.
Valensi, M.L. Heide and J. Spier, vice-presidents; C. D. West, P. A.
Cosgrove and A. Whelpley, secretaries. Transacts Marine, Fire and
Automobile business.
INDEMNITY MUTUAL MARINE ASSURANCE COMPANY
(Limited) of London. United States deposit capital, $300,000.
Appleton & Cox, Attorneys, 3 South William Street, New York.
INDEPENDENCE INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia,
Pa. Organized 1910; capital, $200,000. Henry I. Brown, president;
Everett U. Crosby, vice-president; C. S. Conklin, secretary. 435 Wal-
nut Street. ,
INDIANA LUMBERMEN'S MUTUAL INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1897. J. W. Pinnell, presi-
dent; John Montano, vice-president; J. T. Eaglesfield, treasurer;
F. B. Fowler, secretary and manager.
INDIANAPOLIS SALVAGE CORPS, Indianapolis, Ind. Organ-
ized 1914. It is an incorporated body and the directors are: Richard
Lieber, David P. Barrett, John R. Welch, and Albert J. Hueber. The,
officers, elected in 1921, are: John R. Welch, president; E. H. Forry,
secretary; Albert J. Hueber, treasurer. William Curran is superinten-
dent.
INDUSTRIAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Akron, Ohio.
Organized 191 1; capital, authorized $500,000; paid in, $300,000.
F. R. Ormsby, president; J. S. Frelinghuysen, vice-president; G. F.
Hutchings, secretary; Joseph Winum, treasurer and assistant secretary.
INDUSTRIAL MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Boston,
Mass. Organized 1890. Chas. T. Plunkett, president; F. W. Pit-
cher, vice-president; Benjamin Taft, secretary and treasurer; W. B.
Brophy, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer, 31 Milk Street.
INSURANCE BROKERS ASSOCIATION OF MASSACHU-
SETTS, Boston, Mass. Organized in October, 19 13. The present
officers, elected in October, 192 1, are: Robert E. Stone, president;
Harry A. Stevens, vice-president; George A. Mason, treasurer; Leland
W.Kingman, 43 Kilby St., Boston, secretary; executive committee:
Thomas Ashley, Stephen E. Barton, C. F. Bowers, Harvey E. Frost,
William N. Goodwin, Carlyle R. Hayes, John F. Kilduff, William F.
Macy, William A. Mosman, Edward M. Peters, H. P. Stanwood, T.
Robert Sullivan.
INSURANCE CLUB OF CHICAGO. The membership of
the club includes managers, general agents, special agents and local
agents, as well as many of the employees of general and local fire
74 Cyclopedia of Insurance
insurance agencies and a number of managers and employees of the
casualty companies and agencies and was organized on February 6,
1901. As stated in its constitution, the club's object is "to assist its
members in becoming thoroughly conversant with the technique of
fire insurance in all its departments, and to further the social intercourse
of its members. All persons eighteen years of age or over, who are
engaged in the fire insurance business or its affiliated occupations may
become members.
The present officers, elected in May, 192 1, are: Herbert A. Clark,
president; Donald M. Wood, vice-president; E. Irving Fiery, second
vice-president; Ralph H. Learn, secretary; Wm. A. Benoliel, treasurer;
Benjamin Richards, librarian; directors:, D. C. Price, Raymond O.
Hayer, W. J. Patterson, L. R. Hanawalt and B. F. Walker. Office,
2258 Insurance Exchange, Chicago, 111.
INSURANCE CLUB OF ST. LOUIS, 435 Pierce Building, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized in October 1919, for social and educational
purposes. The officers are: R. B. Howd, president; Earl W. Thomas,
vice-president; J. W. Rodger, secretary and treasurer; W. B. Plum-
mer, librarian; directors: Ceo. C. Grupe, W. R. Berry, R. B. Howd,
H. M. Hess, C. J. Kehoe, Geo. D. Markham.
INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA, Philadel-
phia, Pa. Founded 1792; capital $5,000,000. The record of the birth
and development of the company which, by the way, was christened
''The President and Directors of the Insurance Company of North
America," and which is still its full name, is closely interwoven with
the creation and development of the American Government. It had
its birth in Independence Hall in Philadelphia, and its organization
with a capital of |6oo,ooo was completed on December 10, 1792, just
after General Washington had been re-elected President for a second
term, and when the brst census of the new government revealed the
fact that the entire population of the eleven States consisted of 3,380,000
persons, Indians excepted. John M. Nesbitt was the first president of
the company and Ebenezer Hazard the first secretary. The first
policies of the new company were issued on December 15, 1792. Only
marine insurance was written, for some time, and the company has
always transacted a comparatively large marine insurance busmess.
However, in 1794, it began to write fire insurance, its two first fire
policies bearing date December 10 of that year; but the demand for
protection against loss of that kind was not brisk, as evidenced by the
tact that fire policy No. 7 was not issued until the last day of the
year, and in the first twelve months of the company's fire insurance
operations only 73 policies were issued, despite the fact that, in Jan-
uary, 1795, the directors had 5,000 proposals printed and "distributed
to the houses of the inhabitants of^ Philadelphia."
That was the beginning of fire and marine insurance by an Ameri-
can company. The Insurance Company of North America is not only
the oldest American Stock insurance company doing business today,
but it was also the first insurance company to receive its charter from
Fire Insurance Section
75
one of the States of the American Union. In the 129 years of the
compan^r's activities, it has witnessed every phase of the development
of American Insurance and has actively participated in its improve-
ments. It has received the baptism of every great fire in this country
and has never failed to meet its every loss in full, whether large or
small, the total amount of such payments reaching $225,000,000. The
remarkable growth of the company's business in recent years is seen
in the fact that approximately one-half of the total premium income
during the past 129 years has come from the business of the last fifteen
years, and the annual premium receipts have been doubled in the
past five years.
The officers and directors of the company are: Benjamin Rush,
president; John O. Piatt, vice-president; Sheldon Catlin, second
vice-president; Galloway C. Morris, third vice-president; John
Kremer, secretary; John J. Connor, treasurer and assistant secretary;
T. Leaming Smith, Marine secretary; Edmund H. Porter, assistant
secretary: Curtis L. Clay, assistant treasurer. Directors: Edward H.
Coates, John Story Jenks, Edward Hopkinson, George H. McFadden,
Henry W. Biddle, C. Hartman Kuhn, Arthur W. Sewall, Charles
S. W. Packard, J. Percy Keating, G. Colesberry Purves, Bayard Henry,
Edward S. Buckley, Jr., William P. Gest, Thomas S. Gates, Benjamm
Rushy William S. Godfrev, Effingham B. Morris, James D. Winsor, Jr.,
J. Barton Townsend, John O. Piatt and Samuel M. Curwen.
INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE STATE OF PENNSYL-
VANIA, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1794; capital, $1,000,000.
Gustavus Remak, Jr., president; Waite Bliven, vice-president; John
J. P. Rodgers, secretary and treasurer; Samuel P. Rodgers, assistant
secretary, 308 Walnut Street.
INSURANCE DEPARTMENTS, CHIEF OFFICERS OF.
The following is a list of the state and territorial officials having super-
vision of insurance at the time this volume was put to press, (May i).
[For history of departments see life section in alphabetical order by
states.]
States and
Territories.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia.
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Names.
Official Titles.
A. W. Briscoe
W. G. Smith
Forest A. Betts ....
Bruce T. Bullion . . ,
Alexander McCabe .
Jackson Cochrane . .
Burton Mansfield. . .
Horace Sudler ,
Lewis A. Griffith . . . ,
J. C. Luning
William A. Wright..
A. Lewis, Jr
Howard J. Brace . . . ,
T. J. Houston
T. S. McMurray. Jr.
Arthur C. Savage . .
Frank Travis
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Territorial Treasurer
Superintendent of Insurance
Commissioner of Insurance . .
Insurance Commissioner
Superintendent of Insurance.
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Superintendent of Insurance.
State Treasurer
Comptroller-General
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Superintendent. . .
Auditor of State
Commissioner of Insurance. .
Superintendent of Insurance .
Official
Residences.
Montgomery.
Juneau
Phoenix.
Little Rock.
San Frandsco.
Denver.
Hartford.
Milford.
Washington.
Tallahassee.
Atlanta.
Honolulu.
I Boise City.
Springfield.
I Indianapolis.
Des Momes.
iTopeka.
76
Cyclopedia of Insurance
States and
Territories.
Names.
Official Titles.
Insurance Commissioner ....
Secretary of State
Insurance Commissioner
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Commissioner of Insurance. .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Supt. of Insurance Dept
State Auditor
Official
Residences.
Kentucky
James T. Ramey
J. J. Bailey
E. Waldron Smith ....
Thomas J. Keating . . . . !
Clarence W. Hobbs... !
L.T. Hand
Gust. Lindquist ,
T. M.Henry !
Ben C.Hyde '
George P. Porter
W. B. Young
Geo. A. Cole
John T. Donohue
Wm. E. Tuttlc
H. R. McGibbon
Francis R. Stoddard, Jr.
Stacy W. Wade
S. A. Ohness
Bert W. Gearhart
E. W. Hardin
A. C. Barber
Thos. B. Donaldson . . .
Philip H. Wilbour
John J. McMahon
W. N. Van Camp
Earle N. Rogers
Ed. Hall
John W. Walker
Joseph G. Brown
Joseph Button
H. 0. Fishback
John C. Bond
Piatt Whitman
Donald M. Forsyth
Frankfort.
Louisiana
Maine
Baton Rouge.
Augusta.
Maryland .........
Baltimore.
Massachusetts
Boston.
Mirhiiran
I.4n9inc.
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
St. Paul.
Jackson.
Jefferson City.
Montana
Helena.
Insurance Commissioner
State Controller
Lincoln.
Nevada
Carson City.
New Hampshire . . .
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Com'r of Banking and Ins. . .
Superintendent of Insurance .
Superintendent of the Insur>
ance Department
Concord.
Trenton.
Santa Fe.
Albany.
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Commissioner of Insurance. .
Superintendent of Insurance.
Commissioner of Insurance . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner
Commissioner of Insurance. .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner ....
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Insurance Commissioner. . . .
Auditor
Raleigh.
Bismarck.
Columbus.
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina. . . .
South Dakota
Tennessee
Guthrie.
Salem.
Harrisburg.
Providence.
Columbia.
Pierre.
Nashville.
Texas
Austin.
Utoh
Salt Lake City
Vermont
MontpeUer.
Virginia
Richmond.
Washington
West Virginia
Olympia.
Charleston.
Wisconsin
Commissioner of Insurance. .
State Auditor
Madison.
Wyoming
Cheyenne.
INSURANCE EXCHANGE OF ST. PAUL, St. Paul, Minn.
An association of local fire insurance agents. The present officers are:
C. P. Montgomery, president; E. R. Whitacre, vice-president; W. S.
Gilliam, secretary and treasurer. 302 Pioneer Building, St. Paul,
Minn.
INSURANCE INSTITUTE OF AMERICA, was organized at a
meeting held in Philadelphia in April, 1909, and insurance societies
and institutes of an educational nature are eligible to membership.
The purposes of the Institute when organized was to co-ordinate
the work of the local insurance societies and to regulate and conduct
examinations in the educational courses on insurance carried on by local
institutes and societies which make up its membership.
At a meeting of company officials in New York in April, 1919,
it was decided to incorporate the Institute with the view of developing
the educational work contemplated when the Institute was organized
along broader and more thorough lines. The following resolution was
adopted: "That this meeting of insurance executives and delegates
from local insurance societies affirms its whole-hearted support of the
Insurance Institute movement;" and a committee of company officials
was appointed to incorporate the Institute and create an organization
under the charter.
Fire Insurance Section 77
The present officers, elected at the tenth annual meeting held in
New York, October, 192 1, are: President, Frederick Richardson,
General Accident, Philadelphia, Pa.; secretary and treasurer, Edward
R. Hardy, 84 William Street, New York, N. Y. Executive committee:
D. N. Handy, Boston ; Ben jamin Richards, Chicago, and E. G. Richards,
New York. D. N. Handy, Boston, Mass., is chairman of the committee
on libraries and H. Walter Forster, Philadelphia, Pa., chairman of the
committee on education.
The following Associations are members of the Institute:
Inauianoe Society of Baltimore, Baltimore, Md.
Insurance Library Aasn. of Boston, Boston, Mass.
Fire Insurance Club of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
Insurance Society of Cleveland, Cleveland, O.
Neale Phypers Co., Insurance Club, Clevdand, O.
Insurance Club of Des Moines, Des Moines, la.
Insurance Sodety of Glens Falls, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Insurance Institute of Hartf<Mrd, Hartford, Conn.
John C. French Association, Manchester, N. H.
Insurance Club of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn.
Insurance Club of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wis.
Insurance Society of New York, New York City.
Security Insurance Club. New Haven, Conn.
Fire Insurance Society of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pa.
Fire Underwriters' Association of the Pacific, San Francisco. Cal.
Clerks' Association of the Springfield Fire & Marine Insurance Co.. Springfield,
Mass.
Insurance Club of St. Louis, St Louis, Mo.
Fire Insurance Club of Watertown, N. Y., Watertown. N. Y.
INSURANCE INSTITUTE OF HARTFORD, THE, was
organized at a meeting in July, 1908, and the officers elected were:
President, William B. Qark; vice-presidents, W. G. Cowles, C. £.
Parker and A. A. Welch; secretary, L. N. Denniston; treasurer,
C F. SchoU. The objects of the Institute as stated in the constitu-
tion are : "To encourage and cultivate a broader knowledge of the
principles and practices of insurance in all its branches." The
present officers, elected at the annual meeting in May, 1922, are: Presi-
dent, Frederick C. Moore, Hartford Fire; vice-president, casualty
branch, A. R. Robertson, /€ltna Life; vice-president fire branch, C.
Barstow Langdon, Factory Insurance Association; vice-president life
branch, W. P. Barber, Jr., Connecticut Mutual; secretary, Cyrus T.
Stevens, Phoenix Mutual; treasurer, Kemp S. Kirkby, Connecticut
General; directors, A. R. Robertson, George Goodwin, Connecticut
General; W. G. Jones, W. Ross McGain, ^tna; W. P. Barber, Jr.,
L. N. Denniston, Travelers.
INSURANCE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF BOSTON is
an incorporated society, maintaining a library at No. 141 Milk
Street, Boston, more particularly for the use of those interested in
fire insurance. The management is by a board of trustees, elected
annually, which chooses a president from its number. The present
hoard consists of U. C. Crosby, president; H. J. Ide, George Neiley,
Charles D. Palmer, Gayle T. Forbush, Elbridge G. Snow, W. H.
Stevens, Edmund Winchester, W. B. Medlicot, F. R. Galacar, A. N.
Williams and Edward C. Brush. D. N. Handy is librarian and clerk
78 Cyclopedia of Insurance
and treasurer. For further particulars see Cyclopedia of Insurance
[for 18^0, page 84, and Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14.] The association offers
educational lecture courses, and also issues a quarterly bulletin con-
taining an index to current literature of fire insurance and fire pro-
tection engineering.
INSURANCE SOCIETY OF NEW YORK was temporarily
organized December 11, 1900, for social and educational purposes.
The formal organization took place February 26, 1901, at whidi the
following officers were elected : President, Sam. P. Blagden ; vice-
presidents, Henry £. Hess, Cecil F. Shallcross, William N. Kremer,
and A. M. Thorburn ; treasurer, Washington Irving ; secretary, R. P,
Barbour; executive committee, E. U. Crosby, Wallace Reid, John
W. Nichols, Howard Hampton, James Marshall, F. H. Douglas, and
Lewis F. Burke. The officers of the Society are: Charles R. Pitcher,
president; W. G. Falconer, E. C. Stokes, Lyman Candee, Clarence A.
Ludlum, vice-presidents; Edward R. Hardy, secretary and treasurer;
Maude E. Inch, assistant secretary, and Mabel B. Swerig, librarian.
INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, New York.
Organized 1909; capital $1,000,000. Sumner Ballard, president;
Daniel F. Gordon and O. Ehmann, vice-presidents and secretaries;
F. Korteubeutel, secretary; August Geberth, assistant secretary.
(Reinsurance business.)
INTER-OCEAN REINSURANCE COMPANY, Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, established 1919, capital $500,000. Fire and allied lines of
reinsurance only. R. Lord, president; J. L. Johnson and E. E. Pinney,
vice-presidents; A. C. Torgeson, secretary; James E. Hamilton,
treasurer; Roy E. Curray, assistant secretary.
INTER-STATE AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Rock Rapids, Iowa. Organized 191 6; cash capital, $200,000. The
company was placed in a receiver's hands in 192 1, and is in process of
liquidation.
INTER-STATE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, no West
Fort Street, Detroit, Mich. Organized 1913; capital, paid up, $259,150.
Calvin A. Palmer, president; Sherwood D. Andrus, vice-president and
managing underwriter; William A. Eldridge, secretary; H. R. Vernor,
assistant secretary; L. K. Hennes, treasurer; F. L. Stabler, general
agent.
IOWA ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENl^b was organ-
ized by local fire insurance aj^ents at a meeting at Des Moines in March,
1907, with the election of Frank B. Kauffman as president and Rob-
ert J. Baird, secretary and treasurer. A meeting was held in June,
and the organization completed. Officers were elected as follows:
President, B. F. KauffiAan, Des Moines; vice-president, W. F. Grandv,
Sioux City; secretary and treasurer, H. W. Binder, Council Bluffs.
Milo Whipple, Cedar Rapids, is president and A. J. Verran, Des Moines,
secretary and treasurer.
Fire Insurance Section 79
IOWA MANUFACTURERS' INSURANCE COMPANY,
Waterloo, Iowa. Organized 1905 ; capital, $100,000. W. W. Marsh,
president; Hermann Miller, secretary.
IOWA NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Des
Moines, la. Organized 1916; capital, paid in, $500,000. Frank L.
Miner, president; C. M. Spencer, first vice-president and secretary.
C. S. Vance, second vice-president and underwriting manager; Frank P.
Flynn, treasurer.
IOWA STATE INSURANCE COMPANY (Mutual), Keokuk, la.
Organized 1855. William Logan, president, W. N. Sage, vice-president
and treasurer; G. R. Hombs, general agent; G. C. Tucker, secretary;
J. L Annable, assistant secretary.
IRON SAFE CLAUSE. This clause is inserted in policies on
stocks of goods in stores in the southern states.
The foUowing covenant and warranty is hereby made a part of thia policy:
1. The assured will take a complete itemized inventory of stock on hand at
least once in each calendar year, and unless such inventory has been taken within twelve
calendar months prior to 'the date of this policy one shall be taken in detail within
thirty days of issuance of this policy, or this polk:y shall be null and void from such
date, and upon demand of the assured the unearned premium from such date shall be
returned.
2. The assured will keep a set of books which shall clearly and plainly present
a complete record of business transacted, includinj^ all purchases, sales, and ship-
ments, both for cash and credit, from the date of mventory as provided for in first
section of this clause and during the continuance of this policy.
3. The assured will keep such books and inventory, and also the last preced-
ing inventory, if such has been taken, securely locked in a fireproof safe at night and
at all times when the building mentioned in this policy is not actually open for business;
or. failing in this, the assured will keep such books and inventoria in some place not
exposed to fire which would datroy the aforesaid building.
In the event of failure to produce such set of books and inventories for the in-
■pection ci this company this policy shall become null and void and such failure shall
conadtnte a perpetual bar to any recovery thereon.
J
JAKOR INSURANCE COMPANY, Moscow, Russia. The
company's business was taken over by the Anchor Insurance Company
of New York in 192 1.
JEFFERSON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. St-
Louis, Mo. Organized i86i. August F. Klusing, president; Louis W.
Schonebeck. secretary.
K
KENTUCKY FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION. This
association was formerly the Kentucky Board of Fire Underwriters,
which was organized November 15, 1905, as the successor to the old
Kentucky and Tennessee Board having jurisdiction in Kentucky.
The association was reorganized as the Fire Underwriters' Association
of Kentucky in 1913, and again reorganized in 1918 under the present
title. The association has jurisdiction over underwriting practices, but
is not a rate-making body. The present officers, elected in November,
1921, are: Bennett B. Bean, president, Commercial Union, Lexington,
Ky.j Wallace W. Smith, vice-president, Liverpool & London & Globe,
Louisville, Ky.; Robert W. Snyder, secretary and treasurer. 51 Ken-
yon Building, Louisville, Ky.
KEYSTONE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized December, 1884. Frederick A. Downes,
president and treasurer; John T. Bottomley, vice-president; Simon
Miller, second vice-president; Herbert P. Onyx, secretary; Charles H.
Thomas, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer.
KNICKERBOCKER INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW
YORK, 68 William Street, New York, N. Y. Organized 1913; capital,
1400,000. R. A. Corroon, president ; T. A. Duff ey , vice-president and
secretary.
KNOX MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Mt. Vernon.
Ohio. Organized 1838. B. M. Allen, president; H. S. Jennings,
secretary.
L
LAFAYETTE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, New Or-
leaiiB, La. Organized 1869; capital, $200,000. John X. Wegmann,
president; Joseph Tranchina, vice-president; A. J. Wegmann, secretary.
LA FONCIERE INSURANCE COMPANY (Marine), Paris.
France, Bertschmann & Maloy, United States managers. New York.
LA SALLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, New Orleans, La,
Organized 1920; capital, $524,640. H. H. Remington, president;
Charles J. Babst, vice-president.
LAW UNION AND ROCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Ltd.. of
London, England. Entered the United States in 1897. A. G. Mcllwaine,
Jr., United States manager, Hartford, Conn.
LIBERTY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Louisville. Ky.
Organized 1854; capital, $200,000. Andrew P. Winkler, president;
Frank R. Merhoff, secretary; Joseph F. Laufer, assistant secretary.
LIBERTY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo.
Organized 1919; capital, paid in $200,000. John C. Bardwell, presi-
dent; William Schroeder, Richard Wehmeyer, vice-presidents; F. E.
Norwine, treasurer; Victor J. Miller, secretary; Clem Deck, assistant
treasurer.
LIBERTY MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York,
N. Y. Organized 1917; capital, $250,000. The company failed in 1921.
LIBRARIES, INSURANCE. Several of the general associa-
tions of underwriters have made efforts to build up libraries for
the use of their members, as have also some of the local insurance
institutes. [On this subject see Insurance Library Association of
Boston, and Fire Underwriters' Association of the Northwest,
Library of.]
LIMITATION OF RISKS IN FIRE UNDERWRITING. The
laws of a number of states prescribe a limitation on the amount of lia-
bility which a company may assume on any one risk. The limitation
makes the maximum amount of liability that may be assumed on any
one risk, but the limitation is not uniK>rm, and in a majority of the
states the laws include the proviso " unless the excess shall be reinsured
in some authorized company." The maximum line permitted is a
percentage, either of the paid-in capital, or paid-in capital and surplua,
and is in practically all states ten per cent, in the case of stock com-
panies.
Fire Insurance Section 83
Kentucky makes the limitation ten per cent, of capital and surplus,
" exclusive of the amount of any such risk secured by collateral/' and
in North Dakota it is ten per cent, of the paid-up capital, " exclusive of
any guarantee, surplus, or special reserve fund. Wisconsin makes the
limitation ten per cent, of the "admitted assets," and in Minnesota, New
Jersey, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts the limitation is ten per
cent, of the " net assets."
In Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, Virginia, Utah, Kansas
and Connecticut the limitation is ten per cent, of capital and surplus.
In Indiana, California, Texas, Washington, Maine, Rhode Island,
Nebraska and Michigan the limitation is ten per cent, of the paid-in
capital. The Texas law excepts ** cotton and grain in bales from
the limitation, and the Maine law makes the limitation apply to " build-
ings and contents " as one risk. The Michigan law bases the lim-
itation for foreign companies on the ** deposit capital," and includes
the proviso that reinsurance in authorized companies shall not be
included in determining the limitation. The same proviso is included
also in the laws of Connecticut and Wisconsin, and the New Jersey
law provides that so much of any risk as shall be reinsured in a com-
pany lawfully transacting business in the state shall not be considered
part of said risk. The Nebraska law makes the limitation apply
only " in the congested district of any city."
The Kentucky law applying to stock companies contains this addi-
tional provision: " If the directors allow to be insured on a single
risk a larger sum than the law permits they shall be liable for any
loss thereon above the amount they might lawfully insure."
The laws of Kansas, West Vii^nia, Virginia Kentucky, and Utah
also apply a limitation to mutual companies. Kentucky, for such com-
panies, makes " the maximum amount of any single risk, less reinsur-
ance, shall not exceed three times the average risk or one per cent, of
the insurance applied for, whichever is the greater." Kansas makes
the limitation ten per cent, of all resources, and W^t Virginia one per
cent, of amount of insurance in force, while Utah makes the limitation
for mutual companies five per cent, of the annual premium income.
The laws of Oklahoma place a limitation on inter-insurers of ten per
cent, of premium income at time of writing risk, while Idaho makes the
limitation " ten per cent, of the net worth of such subscriber."
Under the Wisconsin law the limitation on mutual companies
" shall not exceed three times the average policy or one-fourth of one per
centum of the insurance in force, whichever is the greater."
In Virginia, the limitation is ten per cent, of a company's cash
LIVERPOOL AND LONDON AND GLOBE INSURANCE
COMPANY, LTD., THE, of Liverpool, England, was founded in 1836,
under the name of "The Liverpool Insurance Company." In 1848 the
title was changed to "The Liverpool and London Insurance Company,"
and in 1864 the Globe Insurance Company of London was absorbed,
when the title became "The Liverpool and London and Globe."
84 Cyclopedl\ of Insurance
In 1848, the Company entered the United States, and now trans-
acts fire, marine and all other kinds of insurance permitted by the laws
of the State of New York.
The New York Branch is under the following management:
Thomas H. Anderson, Attorney for the United States and Chas. A.
Nottingham, Managers; Robert H. Williams, and Chas. L. Purdin,
Assistant Managers; 80 William Street. Executive Office, Washington
Park, Newark, N. J.
The other branches in the United States are as under:
The Chicago Branch: H. T. Cartlidge, W. P. Robertson, Associate
Managers; A. C. Mollington, Deputy Assistant Manager; £. E. Wells,
Agency Superintendent.
The New Orleans Branch: J. G. Pepper, Manager; R. H. Colcock
Jr., Assistant Manager; Henry Ferchaud, Deputy Assistant Manager.
The San Francisco Branch: Clarence E. Allan, Manner; Geo.
F. Guerraz, Assistant Manager; Logan B. Chandler, Deputy Assistant
Manager.
LIMITING CLAUSES IN FIRE INSURANCE POLICIES.
[See Policy Forms, Fire (New York), Legislation and Co-insurance
Clause.]
LLpYDS AND INTER-INSURERS. Although combinations
of individual fire and marine underwriters had not been unknown in
the United States, this form of insurance did not obtain prominence
until 1892. During that and the following years, up to 1896, there
was a rapid development of so-called Lloyds, and this form of under-
writing had been applied not only to fire and marine but to casualty,
surety and liability business. Nearly all the so-called Lloyds were
organized in New York and were not subject to the insurance laws,
but in 1892 in a revision of the insurance laws conditions were pre-
scribed under which such organizations should be permitted to trans-
act the business of fire insurance. Through subsequent legislation
and action of the courts in 1896 many of the Lloyds retired or were
driven out of business, but it was not until 19 10 that the Lloyds or-
ganizations came fully under the control and supervision of the insur-
ance department. (For a history of the movement and action ap^ainst
Lloyds see Cyclopedia for 1807-98 and 1898-99.) The Lloyds in the
United States although they have borrowed the name, have little else
in common with the famous Lloyds in London. The members of
Lloyds, London, do their own underwriting, whereas with the United
States Lloyds, the business, or underwriting, is done by ** an attorney."
The members make a fixed deposit and agree to hold themselves liable
in addition for a limited sum to insure against loss to a specified ob-
ject, or, as described in the laws, associations " whereby each associate
underwriter becomes liable for a proportionate part of the whole amount
insured by a policy."
The laws of Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Washington, Wis-
consin, Alabama, Maryland, New York and Massachusetts provide
for the organization and licensing of Lloyds. They cannot transact
Fire Insurance Section 85
a life insurance business, and, as a rule, are subject to the same terms
and conditions as regular insurance companies. Illinois permits such
associations to do business but does not mention Lloyds by name,
and Maine extends all rights, powers and privileges granted under
the insurance laws to Lloyds transacting a marine business.
Another form of insurance organization, which appears to have
been an outgrowth of Lloyds, has come into existence m recent years.
These are known as reciprocal underwriters, or inter-insurers, which
are a form of association of individuals, partnerships and corporations
authorized under the laws to " exchange reciprocal or inter-msurance
contracts with each other or with individuals, partnerships and cor-
porations of other states and countries providmg indemnity among
themselves from any loss which may be msured against under other
provisions of the laws exceptinp; life insurance." The laws of the
following states authorize inter-msurance contracts under the above
quoted provision: Missouri, California, Kansas, Pennsylvania, Wis-
consin, Or^on, Idaho, Arkansas, Colorado, Kentucky, North Caro-
lina, Ohio, Nebraska, Maine, Minnesota and North Dakota. Minne-
sota, however, adds marine insurance in addition to life insurance to the
excepted class. Illinois, Washington and New York permit such asso-
ciations, but not under special laws. In Washington Inter-Insurers
must qualify under laws relating to mutual companies. A Texas law was
held unconstitutional by the attomey-p^neral. These Exchanges
operate through an attorney and are required to file an annual report
with the insurance commissioner, who must also be appointed attor-
ney for service of process, which process shall be binding upon all
subscribers. Except for the requirements and conditions imposed
in the act authorizing them such Inter-Insurers are exempt from all
other insurance laws in Missouri, California, Pennsylvania, Wiscon-
• sin, Oregon, Idaho, Arkansas, Colorado, Kentucky, North Carolina,
Maine and Minnesota.
The following is a list of the Lloyds in active operation and re-
porting to the New York department of December 31, 192 1, with
date of organization :
AlUed Underwriten at New York and Chicago Lloyds. E. A. G. Intemann. Jr.,
Attorney (x88a).
American Eacchange Underwriters. Weed & Kennedy. Attorneys (1892).
Individual Underwriters, Alfred G. Evans. Attorney (z88i).
Metropolitan Motor Underwriters. Eugene F. Perry, Attorney (1892).
Manufacturers' Lloyds, Jameson & Frelinghuysen. Attorneys (189a)-
Merchants' Fire Lloyds. C. L. Faber. Clement D. Albrecht. and Henry Grifl^,
Attorneys (1888).
Xew York Fire and Marine Underwriters (formerly New York Commercial
Underwriters), Wilcox. Peck & Hughes. Attorneys. (1893).
New York Reciprocal Underwriters, Alfred G. Evans. Edward B. Swinney.
Attorneys (1891).
North American Inter-Insurers. Benedict & Benedict. Attorneys (1892).
The following is a list of other Lloyds and Inter-Insurers:
American Inter-Insurance Exchange, Kansas City. Mo.
American Auto Indemnity Exchange, Chicago, 111.
American Auto Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
American Auto Insurance Association, Freeport, 111.
American Lloyds, Dallas, Tex.
86 Cyclopedia op Insurance
American Inter-Insurance Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Anglo American Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Automobile Indemnity Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Auto Insurance Association, Jacksonville, 111.
Auto Insurance Exchange, Philadelphia, Pa.
Auto Insurance Exchange, Seattle, Wash.
Auto Owners Fire Protection Exchange, Kankakee.
Auto Owners Insurance Association, Houston, Tex.
Auto Owners Inter-Insurance Association, Seattle, Wash.
Auto Protective Association, Battle Creek, Mich.
Automobile Underwriters, San Antonio, Tex.
Bakers Reciprocal Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Bankers Fire Insurance Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Bankers Inter- Insurance Alliance of America, Kansas City, Mo.
Belt Automobile Indemnity Association, El Paso, Tex.
Bonded Underwriters of America, Houston, Tex.
Brewers Reciprocal Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
California Underwriters Agency, Los Angeles, Cal.
Cresent Auto Protection Association, Mattoon, 111.
Canners Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Central States Inter- Insurance Exchange, St. Louis, Mo.
Continental Auto Association, Chicago, 111.
Druggists Indemnity Exchange, St. Louis, Mo.
Eastern Auto Indemnity Association, Springfield, III.
Economy Automobile Insurance Co., Freeport, 111.
Edwards Insurance Exchange, Fresno, Cal.
Epperson Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Equitable Auto Insurance Association, Aurora, 111.
Federal Auto Insurance Association, Indianapolis, Ind.
Federal Indemnity Exchange, Reading, Pa.
Fidelity Lloyds of America, Houston, Tex.
General Indemnity Exchange, St. Louis, Mo.
General Fir and Casualty Lloyds, Dallas, Tex.
General Motor Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
Ginners Mutual Underwriters, Tyler, Tex.
Growers Auto Insurance Association, Indianapolis, Ind.
Hardware Underwriters, Elgin, 111.
Illinois Indemnity Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Indemnity Exchange, Chicago, 111. (Organized 1891).
Independent Motor Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
Inter-Insurance Exchange of the Automobile Club of Southern California, Loe
Angeles, Cal.
Inter-Insurers of America, Washington, D. C.
Inter-Insurers Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Inter-Insurance Exchange, Seattle, Wash.
International Lloyds, Indianapolis, Ind.
Inter- 1 usurers Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Interstate Exchange, Milwaukee, Wis.
Inter- Insurance Exchange of 111. Auto Club, Chicago, 111.
Inter-Insurance Exchange, Chicago Motor Club, Chicago, III.
'Iroquois Auto Insurance Association, Oilman, 111.
Keystone Indemnity Exchange, Philadelphia. Pa. (Automobile).
Launderers Reciprocal Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Liberty Underwriters, N. Y.
Lloyds Mutual, Austin, Tex.
Lumber Industries, Chicago, 111.
Lumberman's Associated, Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
Lumberman's Fire Indemnity, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Lumberman's Lloyds, Eau Claire, Wis.
Lumberman's Mutual Society, Spokane,
Lumbermen's Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Lumbermen's Indemnity Exchange, Seattle, Wash.
Lumbermen's Underwriters, Houston, Tex.
Lumbermen's Underwriters Alliance, Kansas City, Mo.
Ma^iufacturers Lumbermen's Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Manufacturing Woodworkers Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
Manufacturers and Wholesalers Indemnity Exchange, Denver.
Merchants Reciprocal Underwriters, Dallas, Tex.
Fire Insurance Section 87
Merchants Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Mid-West Auto Indemnity Association, Freeport. 111.
Motor Car Indemnity Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Motor Indemnity Co., South Bend, Ind.
Motor Vehicle Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
National Auto Owners Inter-Insurance Association, Mich.
National Auto Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
National Indemnity Exchange, Philadelphia, Pa.
National Inter-Insurance Bureau, Kansas City, Mo.
National Association of Dry Cleaners, Inter- Insurance Exchange, St. Louis, Mo.
National Automobile Association, Indianapolis, Ind.
National Retail Lumber, Michigan.
National Underwriters, Chicago, III.
North American Insurance Underwriters, Springfield, 111.
Olds & Stoller Inter-Exchange, San Francisco, Cal.
Oregon Auto Indemnity Exchange, Salem, O.
Pacific Auto Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Cal.
Penn. Indemnity Exchange, Philadelphia, Pa.
Portland Marine Underwriters, Portland, Me.
Preferred Auto Insuranoe Exchange, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Preferred Auto Owners Indemnity Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Preferred Reciprocal Fire Insurers, Chicago, 111.
Producers and Refijiers Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Publishers Reciprocal Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Recii>rocaI Annex, Kansas City, Mo.
Reciprocal Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Reciprocal Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Reciprocal Underwriters, San Frandsco, Cal.
Retail Lumbermen's Inter-Insurance Exchange, Minn.
Samson Auto Insurance Association, Freeport, 111.
Securety Auto Insurance Association, Indianapolis, Ind.
Southern Underwriters, San Antonio, Texas.
Southern Lumber Underwriters, New Orleans, La.
Sprinklered Risk Underwriters, Chicago, 111.
Standard Auto Insurance Association, Ind.
State Auto Insuranoe Association, Des Moines,
State Auto Insurance Association, Indianapolis, Ind.
State Mutual Insurance Exchange, St. Paul.
Texas Indemnity Exchange, Austin, Tex.
Theatres Inter-Insurance Exchange, Philadelphia, Pa.
Tornado Inter-Insuxance Exchange, Duluth, Minn.
Uoderwrfters at Lloyds of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minn. (Organized 1913)
automobile business, C. W. Sexton & Co., general agents.
Underwriters Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Union Auto Insurance Association, Bloomington, 111.
Union Indemnity Exchange, San Francisco, Cal.
United Lloyds, Chicago, 111.
United Retail Merchants Undeiwriters Association, Minn.
United States Underwriters, Jacksonville, 111.
United Shoe Manufacturers Reciprocal, Missouri.
United States Auto Exchange, Kansas City, Mo.
Universal Lloyds Underwriters, Ind.
Utilities Fire Exchange. St. Louis. Mo.
Victory Indemnity Exchange, Memphis, Tenn.
Warner Inter-Insurance Bureau, Chicago, III.
Washington Hardware and Implements Underwriters, Spokane, Wash.
Washington Insurance Exchange, Wash, 111.
Western Automobile Underwriters, San Francisco, Cal.
Western Indemnity Exchange, Columbia.
Western Reciprocal Underwriters, Kansas City, Mo.
Wm. Penn Motor Indemnity Exchange, Pittsburgh, Pa.
LLOYDS, LONDON. The name is derived from a coffee house
kept by Edward Lloyd, where representatives of marine and shipping
interests were wont to gather, and was first known as early as 1688.
In 1 87 1 an act was passed granting to Lloyds all the rights and priv-
88 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ileges of a corporation sanctioned by Parliament, but as a corporation
Lloyds does not engage in the insurance business. The underwrite
in^ is done solely by the individual members on their own account. In
point of fact, underwriting is only one element of the activities with
which the name is associated, and from the earliest Lloyds has been
a great institution for the collection and exchange of maritime informa-
tion.
Lloyds was the earliest and simplest form of marine insurance, but
insurances are now undertaken on almost any hazard or contingency.
The following paragraphs from the Encyclopedia Britannica will
give a clear idea of the character of the institution and of its under-
writing practices:
" According to this act of incorporation, the three main objects for which the
society exists are: first, the carrying out of the business of marine insurance; second,
the protection of the interests of the members of the association; and third, the col-
lection, publi<»tion, and diffusion of intelligence and information with respect to ship-
ping. In the promotion of the last-named object, obviously the foundation upon
which the entire superstructure rests, an intelligence department has been gradually
developed which for wideness of range and efficient working has no parallel among
private enterprises in any country.
"The rooms at Lloyds are available only to subscribers and members. The
former pay an annual subscription of five guineas without entrance fee, but have no
voice in the management of the institution. The last consist of non-underwriting
members, who pay an entrance fee of twelve guineas, and of underwriting members,
who pay a lee of one hundred pounds. Underwriting members are also required to
deposit securities to the value of £5,000 to £10,000. according to circumstances, as a
guarantee for their engagements. The management of the establishment is delegated by
the members to certain of their number selected as a 'committee for managing the affairs
of Lloyds.' With this body lies the appointment of all the officials and agents of the
institution, the daily routine of duty being intrusted to a secretary and a larger staff
of clerks and other assistants. The mode employed in effecting an insurance at Lloyds
is very simple. The business is done entirely by brokers, who write upon a plip of
papet* the name of the ship and shipmaster, the nature of the voyage, the subject to
be insured, and the amount at which it is valued. If the risk is accepted, each under-
writer subscribes his name and the amount he agrees to take or underwrite, the insur-
ance being effected as soon as the total value is made up."
LONDON AND LANCASHIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
THE. Limited, London. A. G. Mcllwaine^ Hartford, Conn., manager
of the United States branch.
LONDON AND PROVINCIAL MARINE AND GENERAL
COMPANY, London, Eng. Entered the United States in 1920. Trans-
acts both fire and marine business. Frank & Dubois, United States
managers, 80 Maiden Lane, New York.
LONDON AND SCOTTISH ASSURANCE CORPORATION,
LIMITED, THE, of London, England, was organized in London in 1862,
and under date of July i, 19 19, the corporate title was changed from
the London & Lancashire Life & General Assurance Association, Ltd.,
to its present title. The company entered the United States in 1914, but
at that time its operations were confined to a few of the principal cities
in the United States, and its underwriting largely to fireproof and
sprinklered business. On August 19, 1919, Horatio N. Kelsey was
appointed Manager for the United States and the policy of the company
was broadened, the purpose being to establish a general plant and to
write a general business throughout the United States. The United
States branch now writes fire, tornado, sprinkler leakage, and automo-
bile insurance, the office of the United States branch being located
Fire Insurance Section 89
at 1 10 William Street, New York, and the office of Appleton & Cox,
Inc., Attorney Marine Department, at 3 South William Street, New
York.
The Home Office assets of the company exceed thirty-five million
dollars, and the assets of the United States Branch, as reported to the
Insurance Department of the State of New York on December 31,
1921, were $1,752,574.60 with a surplus of $1,120,863.67. Depart-
ments have been established in the United States as follows: Thomas
Griffith, General Agent, North and South Carolina; George W. Beck &
Company, General Agents, Colorado and Wyoming; Dargen & Turner,
Managers, Southern Department, Georgia, Florida, Alabama and
Louisiana. Benjamin Goodwin, Manager Pacific Department, embrac-
ing the States of California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Arizona,
Nevada, Idaho, Montana and Hawaii. Goodwin, Klinger, Mackay,
Company, general agents Pacific Automobile Department. The
United otates Trustees are: George C. Lee, Francis Lee Higginson,
Jr., Norwood Penrose Hallowell.
The company does a leading life insurance business in Canada,
where it has been represented for many years, and operates a sub-
sidiary fire company in the Dominion of Canada, known as the Scottish
Metropolitan AsBurance Company,
LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION, THE, of London,
England, was established in 1720. It has a subscribed capital of
£1,496,550, or expressed in American money, $7,482,750 of which
^•366,375, is paid-up in cash, while, under the English law, the share-
holders are liable ,if needed, for the remainder. The company writes
fire, marine, life and accident insurance, and at the close of 1920 the
fire fund alone amounted to $6,500,000, while its total assets were, in
round figures, $46,432,000. It was admitted to transact a fire insurance
business in the United States in 1872, where it has since operated
continuously, with a total fire premium income to December 31, 192 1,
of $65,504,477. A marine department was opened in this country in
1889, and the marine business has since yielded $20,077,917 in pre-
miums, the total premium income on United States business to Decem-
ber 31, 1921, footing up to $85,582,394. Its business in the United
States is confined to fire, tornado, sprinkler leakage, war risks, explo-
sion, riot and civil commotion, tourists' baggage, registered mail,
automobile, inland navigation and marine insurance. The total assets
in this country, which are held exclusively for the protection and benefit
of American policyholders, amounted on December 31, 192 1, to $7,104,-
741.39, with liabilities, including reinsurance reserve, of $4,611,855.41,
leaving a net surplus of $2,492,885.98. The office of the United States
branch, of which John H. Packard is manager, is located at 84 William
Street, New York City. The assistant manager of this branch is
Everett W. Nourse.
LOUISIANA ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS.
Organized in April, 1899, but became inactive and was re-organized in
October 1919, at a meeting held in Alexandria. The officers elected in
19^1 are: M. J. Hartson, New Orleans, president; J. H. Percy, Baton
Rouge, vice-president; R. N. Slator, Monroe, secretary.
90 Cyclopedia of Insurance
LOUISIANA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of Baton Rouge,
La. Organized 189 1; capital stock, $80,700. T. Jones Cross, president;
R. N. Ross, secretary'.
LOUISIANA FIRE PREVENTION BUREAU was organized
in September, 1904, by authority of an Act of the State Legislature,
for the purpose of making inspections and estimating advisory rates.
Present officers are as follows: H. T. Higinbotham, president; Thos. B.
Norton, vice-president; R. P. Strong, secretary; executive committee;
E. H. Addington, C. J. Wykoff, H. A. Steckler, Ben. R. Franklin,
Lee Burton, E. C. French, R. H. Colcock, Jr., E. A. Chavanne, Julian
Prioleau, T. C. Farrell, L. T. Powers, J. H. Ledbetter, Wallace Kelly,
Geo. C. Long, Jr., S. Y. Tupper, Conrad Lecoq, J. J. Bailey. 619-24
Hibernia Bank Building.
LOUISVILLE BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS, of
Louisville, Ky., was organized February 15, 1854, with William
Riddle, president, and B. H. Gwathmey, secretary and treasurer.
The present officers, elected at the annual meeting in January, 1922,
are: J. Arthur Viglini, president; Frank C. Carpenter, vice-president;
William M. Watson, secretary and treasurer.
LOWELL MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lowell,
Mass. Organized 1832. Clarence H. Nelson, president; Joseph Pea*
body, secretary and treasurer.
LUMBERMEN'S INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa.
Organized 1873; capital, 1250,000. Oliver H. Hill, president; Isaac
W. Roberts, vice-president; Arthur H. Clevenger, secretary; Walter
Ridgway, assistant secretary, 427 Walnut Street.
LUMBERMEN'S MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, THE,
Mansfield, O. Organized 1895. E. S. Nail, president; W. H. G. Kegg,
secretary. This company insures lumber yards, saw, planing mills and
other woodworkers.
LUMBER MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF
BOSTON, MASS., THE., Boston, Mass. Organized 1895. H. E.
Stone, president and manager; Horace B. Shepard. first vice-president;
Jerome C. Borden, second vice-president ; George W. Curtis, secretary
and treasurer; M. S. Weinschenk, assistant treasurer; T. E. Baker,
assistant secretary.
LYNN MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS MUTUAL
FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Lynn, Mass. Organized 1907 ;
guaranty capital, $100,000. W. R. Hastings, president; John H.
Madden, secretary.
LYNN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lynn,
Mass. Organized 1828. Samuel H. Hollis, president and treas-
urer; Warren S. Hixon, vice-president; Prescott Keyes, secretary;
C. F. Bowers, assistant secretary and underwriter.
M
MADISON INSURANCE COMPANY OF INDIANA, Madison,
Ind. Chartered 1831. Charter perpetual. Capital, $100,000. H. H.
Woodsmall, president; W. M. Fogarty, treasurer; Charles E. Hender-
son, secretary; J. T. Healey, assistant secretary.
MAINE ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS was organ-
ized May 24, 1899, at Portland, Me., and reorganized in September,
1906. The present officers are: President, Ivan E. Lang, Waterville;
vice-presidents, J. Edward Drake, Bath, J. W. McClure, Bangor,John
E. Shearman, Portland; secretary and treasurer, Arthur L. Orne,
Rockland.
MANSFIELD MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Mansfield, Ohio. Organized 1873. E. J. Forney, president; F. J.
Chappie, vice-president; J. M. Cook, secretary.
MANTON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1894. Frederick A. Downes, presi-
dent and treasurer; Joseph Bancroft, vice-president; Herbert P.
Onyx, secretary; Charles H. Thomas, assistant secretary.
MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS MUTUAL INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Concord, N. H. Orga-
nized 1885. Edward G. Leach, president; Charles L. Jackman, vice-
president, secretary and treasurer; Nelson M. Knowlton, assistant
secretary.
MANUFACTURERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Providence, R. I. Organized 1835. John R. Freeman,
president and treasurer; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary and assistant
treasurer; Benj. G. Buttolph, Edwin D. ringree, vice-presidents.
MARINE AND MOTOR INSURANCE COMPANY OF
AMERICA, Galveston, Texas. Organized 1919; capital, paid-in,
$200,000. S. E. Kempner, president; J. F. Seinsheimer, vice-president
and secretary; R. Lee Kempner, treasurer; J. M. Jacobs, assistant
secretary; H. Economidy, assistant secretary.
MARINE BOARD'S OF UNDERWRITERS. [See Boards of
Underwriters of New York, Boston Board of Marine Underwriters,
Marine Underwriters' Association of San Francisco, and American
Institute of Marine Underwriters, Association of Marine Underwriters
of the United States.]
MARINE INSURANCE. This class of insurance, transacted by
fire insurance companies and several exclusively marine companies,
has shown a large growth in recent years and carried on by fire com-
panies formerly under a cliarter grant, the privilege has in recent
years been extended to fire insurance companies generally by legis-
92
Cyclopedia of Insurance
lative act. Many fire insurance companies not previously transacting^
a marine business, entered the field, particularly in 19 17, and prac-
tically all the principal fire insurance companies now transact marine
insurance. Several companies were also organized in 191 7 to trans-
act a marine business exclusively. Two classes of marine insurance
are written — ocean marine and inland marine; the latter including
special forms. The following is a statement of the marine business of
fire insurance companies and of marine companies separately for 192 1.
FIRE COMPANIES
Agricultural, N. Y.
Alliance, Pa.
American Alliance
American Central, Mo.
American Eagle, N. Y.
American Equitable, N. Y.
American, N. J.
American National
Assurance Co. of America
Atlas, London
Atwood, N. Y.
Automobile, Conn.
Baltlca
Bankers and Shippers
Berk^ire Mutual
Boston, Mass.
British America, Can.
British General
Caledonian
California
Camden, N. J.
Central Manufacturers
Central States Fire
Century
City of New York
City of Penna
Cleveland National
Colonial Assurance, N. Y.
Columbia, N. J.
Columbian National
Commercial Union
Commercial Union
Commonwealth, N
Concordia
Connecticut
Continental, N. Y.
Detroit F. & M.
Dixie Fire, N. C.
Equitable, R. I.
Eureka
Eagle. Star & British Dominions
Federal, N. J.
Federal Union, Chicago
Fidelity- Phenix, N. Y.
Fire Aisociation
Fireman's Fund
Firemen's & Mechanics
Firemens, N. J.
Fitchburg Mutual
Franklin
Fuso, Japan
Glen Cove Mutual
Ocean Marine
Net Net
Premiuma Losses
Written Paid
Inland Marine
Net Net
Premiums Losses
Written Paid
$1,689,726
315.149
439.073
2
78,301
125.378
185.307
$2,168,931
192,862
405.149
205
S)6,2IO
249.614
198,498
$254,669
44.507
82,083
441
10,128
55.846
181,001
$183,028
23.X3S
76,848
22
13.628
24.251
180,02 X
1.938,076
242,857
89.669
635.177
411.933
292,635
1.446,879
113.179
839.411
279.860
924.591
1,198,161
34.515
24.541
23.907
26.358
158.734
216,248
46
58.802
34
53.75ft
Y.
8,231
3.65s
9,701
220,596
30.552
405,774
6,415
159,992
179.172
647,027
72.773
89,586
12,301
852,896
629,020
284,032
2.935,345
158,73s
145.816
36,909
16,699
40,994
70.266
21,712
78.642
23.463
353,118
18,776
151,378
259,748
447,914
48,469
129,984
7,857
644,348
436,647
244,693
3,319,086
220,153
110,887
35,386
7,848
570,964
28.236
1.232
72,318
50,105
185
21,257
29,066
75,282
762
871,330
40,164
41,539
14,693
550,170
65,358
219,747
97,210
14.451
14.483
139
515.518
6.3X1
64,43a
76,575
2.009
29.143
23.374
280.385
42,263
57,595
533.757
6o,5>98
106,047
44,285
Fire Insurance Section
93
FIRE COMPANIES
Glena Falls
Globe & Rutgers
Globe National
Grain Dealers National
Great American
Great Lakes
Guaranty-
Guardian
Hamilton
Hanover
Hartford
Home
Home Fire & Marine
Hudson, N. Y.
Imperial
Importers and Exporters
Indiana Lumbermens
Independence. Pa
Ins. Co. of State of Penn.
Ins. Co. of North America
Knickerbocker. N. Y.
Law Union and Rock
Liverpool. London and Globe
London & Lancashire
London Assurance
London and Scottish
Maryland Motor Car
Mass. Fire & Marine
Mercantile
Merchants and Farmers
Merchants
Merrimack Mutual
Millers National. Chicago
Milwaukee Mechanics
Motor Car Mutual
National American
National — Ben Franklin
National Liberty
National, Hartford
National Union
New Brunswick
Newark
New Jersey Fire
New Hampshire, N. H.
New 2^ealand
Niagara
Nippon
Northern London
North British & Mercantile
North China
North River
Northwestern F. & M., Minn.
Northwestern National
Norwich Union, London
Ohio Farmers
Old Colony
Orient
P^ific
Palatine, London
Palmetto. N. C.
Patriotic, Dublin
Pawtucket Mutual
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Millers
Net
Premiums
Written
$427,295
2,436,202
24.478
416.877
1.069
187,052
602,684
1,234.765
127.237
30.549
586,268
Ocean Marine
Net
Losses
Paid
$611,305
3,110,162
166,293
662,728
18,069
5,295
84.467
439,295
1 ,301 .460
204,24s
25,383
357,615
Inland Marine
Net Net
Premiums Losses
Written Paid
$198,024
4.044.695
9.527
325,564
384
60,882
744.699
1,212.935
23,456
12,762
$106,806
1 ,879.381
205,253
4,810
139,693
216,564
755,23$
66,141
3,806
4,468,216
79,6s I
12,779
3,698,621
159,631
1,632,850
23,602
1,037,06$
19,027
54.883
422,424
263,035
85.179
667,068
158,120
198,827
125
220,923
14.631
124.514
66,622
6,794
5,644
60,296
14.794
14.629
3,621
22.516
109,135
223,463
25.680
35,840
207,31s
186,921
9.934
11,334
16,939
10,123
•
132,549
84.238
140.754
1.649
85.122
105,687
77,155
231.6S8
634,370
113.119
220. S04
1OS.671
34.888
84.379
57.708
98,486
126,029
590,336
44.607
14.254
9,499
92,896
4.047
9,958
25,186
g
3.14$
5,811
12.534
18,929
2.68$
1,637
47,204
12,903
109.930
96,294
31.131
78,800
191.000
0
115
15,981
28,426
787
1.752
10,699
1,150
259,147
175,681
66,481
118,611
294.772
209,353
9.232
86.553
254.824
8.208
315
5,725
i8,7ia
37,379
235.839
9,609
727
1,681
3.801
9,195
7,356
820
3.519
94
Fire Insurance Section
FIRE COMPANIES
Ocean Marine
Net Net
Premiums Losses
Written Paid
Inland Marine
Net Net
Premiums Lossea
Written Paid
Peoples National
ti,585
$8,102
$27,369
Sa6,o88
Phoenix, Conn.
268,759
389,622
115,556
103,129
Phoenix, London
42,856
53,493
XO,077
X,40X
Potomac
Preferred Risk
567
2,451
X, 032, 663
X4,6S2
10,223
Providence- Washington
605,692
328,230
107 .3X5
Queen. N. Y.
229,118
316.560
74.191
101,987
Reliance
10,270
1.493
Rocky Mountain
Royal
308,152
403.938
94.932
106,629
Royal Exchange
Safeguard, N. Y.
2x4,036
160.867
11,474
11,410
Scottish Union & National
Scandinavian American
44S.957
938.230
310.686
498,808
Security, Conn.
South Carolina
169,947
200,040
2,643
1,619
274
15.733
Springfield F. & M.
443,168
415,408
63.068
55.259
State Assurance
Sterling, Ind.
St. Paul F. & M.
641,654
1,060.450
703,203
290,502
Star. N. Y.
80.899
90,504
28,686
26,302
Stuyvesant, N. Y.
826
10,40s
Sun, London
Superior
4.186
36,592
Tokio, Japan
459,186
153,625
23.590
15,162
Union, London
6.I5S
32
Union, Canton
445,503
557.074
68,951
34.969
Union Hispano-American
382,511
551.806
United Mutual
985
United States, N. Y.
501,136
329,502
20,538
United States Lloyds
790,127
874.765
X 18.648
XXO.OZI
Urbaine
II
Utah Home
43.144
XO.IIO
Victory, Pa.
Vulcan, Cal.
63,237
161.858
12,342
53.942
Westx^hester, N. Y.
142,741
190,312
34.886
61,779
Western, Toronto
53.147
375.276
239.154
IOIJ07
Yorkshire, England
ToUl 1921 $33,342,405
$35,713,506
$17,019,837
$10,418,218
MARINE COMPANIES
Alliance, London
1448,721
$361,092
$210,626
$64,053
Amer. & Foreign Marine, N. Y.
291,338
249,018
267,084
317,466
Amer. Merchant Marine. N. Y.
21,705
1. 1 79. 249
Amer. Steamship Owners, N. Y.
.
Atlantic Mutual. N. Y.
2,482,130
1. 98 1. 3 16
155.275
65,789
British & Foreign Liverpool
223,316
183,674
211,316
56,597
Indemnity Mutual, London
La Fonciere, Paris
31.743
35,442
Marine. London
577.285
883,349
962,407
909.895
Maritime, Liverpool
180.967
233.945
31
43.077
Marine and Motor
3.141
50,532
Merchants and Shippers
126,553
85,520
50,023
Ocean, London
5 1. 059
267.497
37.035
47.076
Reliance, Liverpool
35.308
201,138
33.944
17.770
Sea, Liverpool
564.938
409.338
256,307
124.998
Standard, Liverpool
1,682.334
S13.278
163,244
403,195
Switzerland General
590.679
706,438
42,459
35.280
Thames and Mersey, Liverpool
374.069
473.506
210.288
II4,40S>
Union. Liverpool
68,736
394.186
209,070
81,04s
Washington Marine
247.101
84.024
Yang-Tsxe. China
159,775
493.070
$8,784,613
Total 192 X $8,160,898
$3,809,109
$2,280«65O
Fire Insurance Section 95
MARITIME INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, Liverpool,
England. (Marine.) W. L. H. Simpson, United States manager.
New York, N. Y.
• MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, London, England.
(Marine.) Chubb & Son, United States managers, New York, N. Y.
MARQUETTE NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Chicago, III. Organized 19 15; capital, paid up, $300,000. Anthony
Matre, president; Henry Reis, vice-president; Napoleon Picarcf,
secretary and treasurer, 175 West Jackson Boulevard.
MARYLAND MOTOR CAR INSURANCE COMPANY,
Wilmington, Del., executive offices, Baltimore, Md. 0r^;ani2ed 1910;
reincorporated 191 2; cash capital $500,000. J. Purviance Bonsai,
president; Wm. Whitridge, vice-president; Charles B. Reeves, vice-
president and secretary; H. Ross Barton, treasurer and assistant sec-
retary; A. B. Crisp, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer.
MARYLAND ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS,
was organized at a meeting: held in Baltimore in December, 191 1, and
was reorganized at a meetmg in April, 1919. The officers are: Walter
W. Alexander, president; A. Frank Miller and Frank I. Wheeler, vice*
presidents; Frank W. Lawson, secretary and treasurer, Baltimore.
MASSACHUSETTS ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized at a meeting held in Worcester, October
10, 1906. Officera were elected as follows: President, William Gil-
mour, Boston; vice-presidents, Fred C. Church, Lowdl; C. H. Cor-
nish, New Bedford; W. S. Warriner, Springfield; C. B. Russell, Marl-
boro; T. H. Raymond, Cambridge; secretary and treasurer, E. P.
Ingraham, Worcester. The present officers, are: President, Robert T.
Sisson, Lynn; secretary and treasurer, Fred A. Norton, Salem.
MASSACHUSETTS FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Boston, Mass. Organized 19 10; capital, $500,000.
Charles G. Smith, president; Jesse E. White, vice-president; Walter
Adiard, vice-president and secretary; John J. Downey, George E.
Krech, Henry F. Lawrence, assistant secretaries.
MECHANICS AND TRADERS INSURANCE COMPANY,
New Orleans, La. Organized 1869; capital, $300,000. H. A. Smith,
president; R. L. Emery and S. T. Maxwell, vice-presidents; T. B.
Norton and F. D. Layton, secretaries; R. M. Anderson, assistant
secretary; R. L. Emery, treasurer. The company is controlled by inter-
ests closely allied with the National Fire of Hartford.
MECHANICS INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa.
Organized 1854; capital, $600,000. Daniel H. Dunham, president;
Neal Bassett, vice-president; John Kay, vice-president; J. A. Snyder,
secretary. The company is controlled by the Firemen's Insurance
Company of Newark.
96 Cyclopedia of Insurance
MECHANICS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Oi^^nized 1871. John R. Freeman, president and
treasurer; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary and assistant treasurer;
Benj. G. Buttolph, Edwin D. Pingree, vice-presidents. ^
MEMPHIS FIRE INSURANCE PATROL, Memphis, Tenn.
The patrol, an incorporated body, was organized May 17, 1895, and is
maintained by authorized companies doing business in Memphis.
James Fitzmorris is superintendent of the corps and there is a force of
18 men. The officers of the oij^nization are: President, J. Thos.
Wellford; vice-president, J. P. Edrington; secretary and treasurer,
L. H. Patterson. The report of the superintendent for the year ending
December 31, 1921, gave the number of alarms responded to by the
Patrol as 1,116 and the total loss, insured and uninsured, as $1,171,065-
.30, of which $540,949.73 was on buildings and $630,115.67 on contents
and $45,701.54 exposure loss. The total insurance loss within city
limits was $884,993.28, the total insurance loss $958,519.41 and the
total valuation of buildings and contents, $20,025,984.21. Tornado loss
$2,566.35.
MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA.
New York, N. Y. Organized 1897; capital, $1,000,000. Cecil F.
Shallcross, president; E. T. Cairns, C. R. Perkins, W. S. Alley, C. E.
Case, vice-presidents; R. P. Barbour, secretary. 76 William Street.
MERCANTILE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Organized 1884. Alfred U. Eddy, president and
treasurer; Walter K. Pullen, secretary and assistant treasurer; F. B.
Burrill, assistant secretary-treasurer.
MERCHANTS AND FARMERS MUTUAL FIRE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. Organized 1846. President.
Alexander H. Bullock; vice-president and treasurer, Edmund L.
Sanders; secretary, Harry S. Myrick.
MERCHANTS' AND MANUFACTURERS' MUTUAL IN-
SURANCE COMPANY, Mansfield, Ohio. Organized 1876. S. N.
Ford, president; F. W. Bloor, vice-president; G. W. De Yarmon,
secretary and treasurer; Harry De Yarmon, assistant secretary.
MERCHANTS' AND SHIPPERS' INSURANCE COMPANY,
35 South William Street, New York, N. Y. Organized and began
business, 1919; capital, paid-in, $200,000. Robert E. Binger, presi-
dent; Louis J. Robertson, Enrico N. Stein and Sylvian Bier, vice-presi-
dents; Samuel L. Martin, vice-president and secretary; Julian B.
Beaty, treasurer; W. J. Roberts, marine underwriter. (Transacts
marine insurance only.)
MERCHANTS' FIRE ASSURANCE CORPORATION OF
NEW YORK, 45 John Street, New York. Organized 191 o; capita.1.
$700,000. Edward L. Ballard, chairman; Alden C. Noble, president;
Fire Insurance Section 97
William B. Carter and A. A. Moser, vice-presidents; George L. Mcln-
tire and Joseph L. Leffson, secretaries; G. A. Ziemen and Don R.
Frary, assistant secretaries; George F. Warch, auditor.
MERCHANTS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Denver.
Col. Organized 1907 ; Capital, $200,000. W. J. Galligan, president ;
C. M. Schenck, vice-president; J. R. Gardner, secretary and manager,
D. A. Holaday, treasurer; G. N. Gardner, assistant secretary.
MERCHANTS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Organized- 1874. William B. McBee, president
and treasurer; Charles H. Smith, vice-president and assistant treasurer;
Howard I. Lee, secretary; Frank T. Daniels, assistant secretary.
MERCHANTS MUTUAL INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, Red-
field, South Dakota. Organized 1895. W. C. Kiser, Ir., president,
and treasurer; Gus Meyer, vice-president; N. S. Tyler, secretary;
F. B. Griffith, assistant secretary.
MERRIMACK MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Andover, Mass. Organized 1828. Burton S. Flagg, president; Fred<»
eric G. Moore, secretary.
METROPOLITAN-HIBERNIA FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Chicago, 111. The Metropolitan Fire and The Hibemia, both
of Chic^o, were merged in April 19 19, under the title Metropolitan-
Hibemia Fire Insurance Company. Oii;anized 1902; capital, $250,000.
Thomas F. Keeley, president; James I. Naghten, vice-president; Rich-
ard W. Wolfe, second vice-president; George Essig, secretary; James
Hanning, assistant secretary and treasurer; John Naghten & Co.,
general managers. 175 West Jackson Boulevard.
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Havana, Cuba. Organized 19 19. Entered the United States in 1920
for fire reinsurance only. Sumner Ballard, 80 Maiden Lane, United
States Manager. I
MICHIGAN CONSERVATION AND FIRE PREVENTION
ASSOCIATION. Organized in August 1919 as the successor of the
State Fire Prevention Association. The present officers, elected in
June 192 1, are: President, Stewart Morgan, Agricultural; vice-presi-
dent, W. N. Achenbach, Aetna; secretary and treasurer, M. M.
Hawxhurst, London Assurance.
MICHIGAN FIELD CLUB was organized in November, 191 1,
as the successor of the Michigan Fire Underwriters' Club, composed of
members of the Western Insurance Bureau, and H. A. Bartels, was
elected president; A. E. Henry, vice-president; and N. B. Jones, secre-
tary and treasurer. The present officers, elected in June 1921, are:
President, Fred W. Sullivan, National Union; vice-president, C. A.
Weymeyer, Security, Conn.; secretary and treasurer, Stewart Morgan,
Agricultural, East Lansing, Mich.
98 Cyclopedia of Insurance
MICHIGAN FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Detroit, Mich. Organized 1880; capital, $400,000. D. M.
Ferry, Jr., president; E. J. Booth, vice-president; H. E. Everett,
secretary; E. P. Webb, assistant secretary; F. A. Sichulte, treasurer.
MICHIGAN MILLERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Lansing, Mich. Organized 1881. Robert Henkel,
president; B. W. Jenks, G. F. Allmendinger, vice-presidents; A. D.
Baker, secretary and treasurer; L. H. Baker, assistant secretary and
treasurer; Geo. G. Ma Dan, assistant treasurer.
MIDDLESEX MUTUAL ASSURANCE COMPANY, Middle-
town, Conn. Organized 1836. D. W. Camp, president and treasurer;
D. W. Chase, secretary; Samuel Babcock, assistant secretary; N. £.
Davis, assistant secretary.
MIDDLESEX MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COxMPANY,
Concord, Mass. Incorporated 1826. Prescott Keyes, .president;
r F. Bowers, vice-president and underwriter, E. R. Howard, secretary.
MID-WEST INSURANCE COMPANY, Wichita, Kansas.
Organized 1916. Thad L. Hofifman, president; L. S. Naftzger, vice-
president; J. B. Henderson, secretary and treasurer; Willard Quinn,
assistant secretary and treasurer; W. D. Jochems, attorney. Formerly
Mid- West Mutual Automobile Indemnity Association, name changed
in 1919.
MILLERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION
OF ILLINOIS, Alton, 111. Organized 1877. H. B. Sparks, president;
W. E. Meek, first vice-president; G. S. Milnor, second vice-president;
G. A. McKinney, secretary and treasurer; A. J. Kellenberger, assistant
secretary.
MILLERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Har-
risburg, Pa. Organized in 1890. H. V. White, president; B. Frank
Hartzel, vice-president; H. C. Hafey, secretary; Wm. T. Knecht,
treasurer.
MILLERS' NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago,
111. Organized 1865; (mutual); (guarantee fund $500,000.) C. B.
Cole, president; M. A. Reynolds, secretary; F. S. Danforth, assistant
secretary. 175 West Jackson Boulevard.
MILL OWNERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Chicago, 111. Organized 1895. H. N. Wade, president;
P. J. Halla, secretary. (20 West Jackson Boulevard.)
MILWAUKEE BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was
organized in January, 1876. It is a rating bureau and has also
established and controls fire insurance patrols in Milwaukee. The
present officers are: Walter T. Greene, president; W. B. Calhoun,
vice-president; J. O. Myers, secretary; William F. Lynch, treasurer.
FiEE Insurance Section 99
MILWAUKEE MECHANICS' INSURANCE COMPANY of
Milwaukee, Wis. Organized 1852; capital, $1,250,000. Chas. H.
Yunker, president; G. W. Grossenbach, vice-president; Robe Bird,
second vice-president; R. H. Wieben, secretary; Emil Teich, Char-
les Klenk and Reni Stecker, assistant secretaries; Ernest G. Ebert,
assistant treasurer.
MINNEAPOLIS BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS
was organized in 1895 and maintains the fire patrol and salvage corps.
The present officers are: President, F. H. Wagner; vice-president,
Alex. Campbell; secretary and treasurer, J. P. Thomson.
MINNEAPOLIS FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Minneapolis, Minn. Organized in 1902 as the Winona Fire
Insurance Company; capital, $200,000. Fred C. Van Dusen, presi-
dent; J. D. McMillan, vice-president; Walter C. Leach, secretary
and treasurer; F. M. Merigold, assistant secretary and assistant
treasurer; Geo. E. Leach, superintendent of agencies.
MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA FIRE UNDER-
WRITERS was ozonized April 23, 1885, being the successor of the
Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota Union. The first meeting was held
at Minneapolis, and J. J. McDonald was elected president, A. J. Trum-
bull, vice-president, and A. K. Murray, secretary and treasurer. The
presidents since organization have been: 1885, J. J. McDonald; 1886,
A. J. Trumbull; 1887, J. H. Griffith; 1890, E. M. Hitchcock; 1892,
George G. Williams; 1893, Samuel J. Johnson; 1894, Walter H.Cobban;
1895, Howard DeMott; 1896, R. A. Overpeck; 1897, R. R. Briggs;
1898, Otto E. Greely; 1900, D. F. Vail; 1901, Walter C. Leach; 1902,
Clarence D. Hayes; 1903, George C. Main; 1904, Frank A. Mannen;
190$, Hugh R. Loudon; 1906, R. L. Bruen; 1907, J. F. Stafford; 1908,
L. F. Daniel; 1909, W. J. Haggarty; 1910, E. A. Davis; 191 1, George
A. Mowry, 191 2; J. L. King, 1913: Ernest C. Bowe, 1914; Byron R.
Cowles, 1915; R. W. Schimmel, 1916; John A. Hansen, 1917; Charles
G. Bates, 191 8; E. J. Macdonald, 1919.
The organization up to 1908 was a ratinp^ and supervising body,
having charge, practically, of the states of Mmnesota and North Da-
kota, excepting the towns under the jurisdiction of the St. Paul and
Minneapolis inspectorship, the Winona inspectorship, and the Duluth
inspectorship. The association originally had jurisdiction over South
Dakota. The Minnesota Fire Prevention Association was merged with
the association in 19 14, and the association has taken up fire prevention
work.
The present officers, elected at the annual meeting in June, 1921,
are: President, Charles O. Young, Liverpool and London and Globe;
vice-president, R. J. Jordan, Great American; secretary, Mrs. E. S.
Latta; treasurer, A. R. Gress, Insurance Company of North America.
MINNESOTA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chatfield,
ZVIinn. Organized 1909; capital, $100,840. Joseph Underleak, presi-
dent; F. L. Tesca, vice-president; S. E. Bibbins, secretary; F. G.
Stoudt, treasurer.
228871
100
Cyclopedia of Insurance
MISSISSIPPI FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Jackson, Miss.
Organized 1921; aythorized capital, $1,000,000; paid-in $343,830.
George A. Wilson, Sr., president; J. Morgan Stevens, vice-president;
W. D. Mounger, secretary.
MISSOURI ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS was
organized in 1897, and reorganized in 191 7. The present officers are:
Ferd. Labrunerie, president, St. Joseph, Mo.; J. W. Rodger, St. Louis,
secretary and treasurer, 435 Pierce Building.
MOSCOW FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Moscow, Russia,
entered the United States in January, 1900, making a deposit in
New York state. Paul E Rasor, 15 William Street, New York City,
is ersident manager.
MOTOR CAR MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
50-56 John Street, New York, N. Y. Organized 1919. The company
was taken over by the New York insurance department in 192 1, and
placed in liquidation.
MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE. Written by fire and marine
companies. The following is a statement of the business in 192 1.
Motor Vehicle
Aetna, Hartford
Agricultural, N. Y.
AUiance, Pa
Allied American Mutual
American, N. J.
American Alliance, N. Y.
American Automobile
American Central, Mo.
American Eagle, N. Y. .
American Equitable, N. Y.
American Fire
American National .
Assurance, N. Y. .
Atlas, England
Atwood, N. Y.
Automobile, Hartford
Automobile Mutual
Bankers & Shippers, N. Y. .
Berkshire Mutual .
Boston, Mass.
British America, Canada
British & Foreign Marine
British General
Caledonian ....
California Fire . .
Camden. N. J.
Central Manufacturers Mutual
Central National
Central States ....
Century, England
Citizens Mutual, Mass. .
City of New York .
City of PennBylvania
Cleveland National
Net Premiums
Received
<x.933>582
*430,45Z
106,303
1,163.707
8.80Z
3.103.354
♦894.S86
181,444
7.393
3.334
900
330.173
554.853
•15,094
•3,434>689
' 884,674
1,128,933
38,650
Net
Incurred
$1,463,491
270,763
155.318
834.657
9.53 X
i.S77.i6r
556.997
123.780
1X6,432
82
9.47 X
78,003
363,724
7.550
3.322,068
6x5.765
679.663
30.301
215,191
65.990
377,922
266.986
197.185
428,216
3IS.I8I
263.27 a
427,630
*IS,S26
243.430
28,264
31,588
X9.529
203,438
135.434
409.833
108,584
91
49
i8x
zxo
* Includes Aircraft Insurance.
Fire Insurance Section
101
Net Premiums
Motor Vehicle Received
Colonial Aagurance
Columbia. N. J S589.775
Columbian, Ind ^S.Sio
Commercial Union, England 1,028,098
Commercial Union, N. Y 266,475
Commonwealth, N. Y. 362,368
Concordia, Wis 48,012
Connecticut Fire, Hartford 322 884
Continental. N. Y 899,197
Dixie Fire 19.345
Eagle.N.J
Eagle, Star and British Dominions 599i390
Employers Fire. Boston 109,985
Equitable Fire & Marine 13.537
Federal, la 12.669
Federal. N. J 1,122.056
Fidelity, Sumter ♦121
Federal Mutual. Md
Fidelity Phcnix, N. Y 706,669
Fire Association, Pa 767.316
Fireman's Fund, Cal. *3. 295.777
Firemen's, N. J 401,465
Fitchburg Mutual, Mass
Franklin Fire, Pa 967.639
George Washington 5>i33
Glens Falls, N. Y 1,022.834
Globe National. Pa 2.268
Globe & Rutgers. N. Y *9S9,264
Grain Dealers Mutual
Great American, N. Y 1,942,920
Great Lakes. Chicago 233
Greensboro Fire. N. C. 3.850
Guaranty 225,410
Guardian 490
Hamilton, N. Y.* 515.600
Hanover. N. Y 489.999
Hartford Fire. Conn 2,885,928
Hawkeye Securities 4.400
Holyolo? Mutual
Home. N. Y *4.577,520
Home, Fire & Marine. Cal 227,135
Imperial, N. Y 90,680
Importers & Exporters, N. Y 645,840
Indemnity Mutual Marine 879.486
Independence
Indiana Lumbermen's Mutual
Insurance Co. of North America, Philadelphia . 2.421.992
Insurance Co. of State of Penn., Philadelphia . 224.331
International 30,521
Interstate Fire. Mich 27
Iowa Manufacturers 56.371
Iowa National *4.ii6
Law, Union & Rock 80.684
Liberty Fire, Mo *68.3i9
Liverpool & London & Globe 1,249,280
London AMurance 428,716
London & Lancashire *762.904
London & Scottish 37.197
Lumbermen's Mutual 54.458
Lynn Mutual
Marine, England
Maryland Motor Car
Maasachusetts Fire & Marine. Boston .... 261
Mechanics & Traders . 66.523
* Includes Aircraft Insurance.
Net Losses
Incurred
$730,492
5.817
701,678
253.638
240,125
90,378
246.273
703.550
24.114
363.261
19.635
7,859
11.820
704.680
410
629,260
544.109
2,881,214
284,364
851,096
12,006
667,244
12
1.056,856
1,488,286
4,698
12,143
54,191
961
281,408
324,174
1,995.080
3.159
3,089,098
311,247
54.276
494.525
976,725
1,976.878
138,001
43.417
453
5,157
2,774
63,121
11,439
1,077,756
278,043
537,848
11,248
11,803
18.901
18,307
102
Cyclopedia op Insurance
Net Prcmiunu
Motor Vehicle Received
Merchants, N. Y *Sx79.749
Merrimack Mutual
Middlesex Mutual
Millers National * 168,802
Milwaukee Mechanics, Wis 273,947
Mutual Protection
National American 48,218
National Fire, Hartford 3,530,346
National, Denmark
National Ben Franklin 198,501
National Liberty. N. V •SSS.SSI
National Security 36,966
National Union, Pa . 576,703
Newark, N. J 376,536
New Brunswick, N. J 70,003
New England 220
New Hampshire, N. H X3S.346
New Jersey 179,401
New Zealand 45,094
Niagara, N. Y *i,202,8i2
Nippon, Japan
North British & Mercantile, England .... 597.6x9
North River, N. Y 994,098
Northern, England 537.507
Northern, Moscow
Northwestern Fire &. Marine, Minn 58.388
Northwestern National 291,094
Norwich Union, England SS6,797
Ohio Farmers 173,001
Ohio V^alley Fire 2,073
Old Colony, Boston 253,918
Omaha Liberty 8,896
Orient, Hartford 514,104
Pacific Fire 582,064
Pacific States Fire 8o,soi
Palatine, England 344,209
Palmetto 203
Patriotic 180,647
Pawtucket Mutual
Pennsylvania, Pa. 608,283
Peoples Fire 32,773
Phoenix, Conn 847,748
Phoenix. England 588,110
Pilot Fire 7,023
Providence Washington, R. I *700,886
Potomac. Washington, D. C 91,240
Queen, N. Y •1,828.860
Reliance. Pa 44.752
Republic, Pa 147
Richmond 8,585
Rocky Mountain
Royal, England 2,118,588
Royal Exchange, England 113,406
Safeguard, N. Y 123,273
Scottish Union & National 321,080
5>ccurity, Conn 338,499
Security, la 135
South Carolina 1.251
South Danvers Mutual, Mass
Springfield Fire & Marine 723,132
St. Paul Fire & Marine 1.563,113
Star •321,417
State, England 1 5,437
Stuyvesant, N. Y 164,586
• Includes Aircraft Insurance.
Net
Incurred
S7Xr439
361,412
229.510
27.877
1,521.168
291.699
444«099
36,104
6x2.960
233,073
287.114
453
97,496
65.832
29,553
762.326
431.936
600.899
537,674
75.745
377.242
426.338
133.727
1.652
177.018
6.48a
345.743
258,866
45.884
356,664
62
93.469
397.766
35.095
592,369
355.227
13.395
593,895
55,618
1,095.894
27.157
4.3X6
l.56i,S39
445.138
47.509
429.153
3i3.oaa
617
543.384
X. 307, 195
295.095
4.858
81.337
Fire Insurance Section 103
Net Premiums Net Losses
Motor Vdiicle Received Incurred
Sun. England S545.47I S379>8z9
Thames & Mersey
Tokio Marine & Fire, Japan 164,339 163,208
Twin City 49,866 29,494
Underwriters. N. C Xf395 6x
Union, England a8x.535 286,882
Union of Canton China *i ,838. 196 1,364,387
Union Reserve 688
United Fireman's 142,164 29,467
United Mutual .
United States Fire. N. Y 896.727 659*954
United Sutes Uoyds
Urbaine X03.302 68,588
Victory, Pa 25.821 16,566
Washington Marine, N. Y
Westchester, N. Y. 266,9x6 300,023
Western, Canada 24,729 19.598
Yorlcshire 669,154 495.670
Total, 192X $46,081,485 835.287, X07
MUTUAL ASSURANCE COMPANY FOR INSURING
HOUSES FROM LOSS BY FIRE, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized
1784. Henry W. Biddle, chairman; David Lewis, treasurer.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE COMPANY OF THE CITY OF
NORWICH, THE, Norwich, Conn. Incorporated 1794. Charles R
Butts, secretary.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA, Rich-
mond, Va. Organized 1794. Edwin A. Palmer, principal agen .
G.|lVf oflfett King, secretary.
MUTUAL FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY, Springfield, Mass;
Organized 1827. George B. Holbrook, president; Herbert E. Huie.
secretary and treasurer.
MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION. This is an
organization of domestic mutual fire insurance companies formerly
the Massachusetts Mutual Fire Insurance Union. In June, 1879, a
(^1 for a meeting to consider the advisability of forming a union was
issued, signed by three of the managers, Charles A. Howland of the
Quincy Mutual, E. M. Tucke of the Traders' and Mechanics', and
Alfred L. Barbour of the Cambridge Mutual. In response to the call
the representatives of seven of the companies appeared, and a tem-
porary organization was made, with H. C. Bigelow as chairman and
Alfred L. barbour as secretary.
On September 10, 1879 the Massachusetts Mutual Fire Insurance
Union was organized by the choice of E. B. Stoddard of the Merchants'
and Farmers' of Worcester as president, Charles B. Cummings of the
Massachusetts Mutual, and G€<>rge B. Faunce of the Dedham Mutual
as vice-presidents, and Alfred L. Barbour of the Cambridge Mutual,
* Includes Aircraft Insurance.
104
Cyclopedia of Insurance
secretary. The object of the union, as stated in the preamble, was "to
consider all matters affecting mutual companies and adopt all thinjgs
that will work for the benefit of that system of insurance; '*for social
and fraternal purposes, to the end that peace, harmony, and good fellow-
ship may reign." The Union was reorganized in March 1919, and the
present title adopted. The association co-operates with rating associa-
tions and bureaus in New England and also with the National Board of
Fire Underwriters in the uniform classification of risks.
The headquarters of the Association are, 314-316 Oliver Building,
141 Milk Street, Boston, and the present officers are: Burton S. Flagg,
president; Robert A. Barbour, first vice-president; Carlos P. Faunce,
second vice-president; Charles F. Danforth, secretary and treasurer;
executive committee; The president and vice-presidents ex-officio^
and Charles A. Howland, Harry Harrison, L. R. Welch and Eliot R.
Howard.
The following companies constitute the active membership:
Abington Mutual Fire, Abixigton.
Barnstable County Mutual Fire. Yar-
mouthport.
Berkflhire Mutual Fire. Pittsfidd.
Cambridge Mutual Fire. Andover.
Citizens Mutual. Boston.
Dedham Mutual Fire. Dedham.
Dorcbester Mutual Fire. Boston.
Fitcbburg Mutual Fire. Fitchburg.
Hampshire Mutual Fire. Northampton.
Hingham Mutual Fire. Hingham.
Holyoke Mutual Fire. Salem.
Lowell Mutual Fire. Lowell.
Lynn Mutual Fire. Lynn.
Merchants & Farmers Mutual Fire. Wor-
cester.
Merrimadc Mutual Fire. Andover.
Middlesex Mutual Fire. Concord.
Norfolk Mutual Fire. Dedham.
Pawtucket Mutual Fire. Pawtucket. R. I.
Quincy Mutual Fire. Quincy.
Salem Mutual Fire. Salem.
Traders & Mechanics, Lowell.
Worcester Mutual Fire, Worcester.
MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF ALBANY.
NEW YORK. [See New York State Fire Insurance Company.)
MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Covington, Ky.
Organized 1874. C. A. J. Walker, president; Wm. F. Schild, secretary*
MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Germantown,
Philadelphia. Organized 1843. William H. Emhardt, president;
M. T. Farra, vice-president; C. H. Weiss, secretary.
MUTUAL PROTECTION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Charlestown, Mass. Organized 1864. William P. Hurt, president;
Frapk V. Noyes, secretary.
N
NARRAGANSETT MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Providence, R. I. Organized 1894. Alfred U. Eddy, presi-
dent and treasurer; Walter K. Pullen, secretary and assistant treasurer;
F. B. Burrill, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer.
NATIONAL AMERICAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Omaha, Neb. Organized 1918, capital, paid in, $878,200. W. H.
Ahmanson, president; W. L. Wilcox and W. A. Smith, vice-presidents;
James E. Foster, secretary and treasurer; Merrick E. Lease, agency
superintendent.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS. This association was organized by a meeting of local
agents from various states, at Chicago, 111., September 29 and 30,
1896. A. G. Simrall of Covington, Ky., was elected president, and
R. S. Brannen of Denver, Col., secretary and treasurer. Member-
ship is composed of local insurance agents wherever located.
The second annual meeting was held at St. Louis, Mo., May
8 and 9, 1897. A. G. Simrall was elected president, and R. S.
Brannen, secretary and treasurer.
The third annual meeting was held at Detroit, Mich., July 15
and 16, 1898. C. H. Wood worth, Buffalo, was elected president,
and R. S. Brannen secretary and treasurer.
The fourth annual meeting was held at Buffalo, N. Y., August
9, 10, II and 12, 1899. C. H. Woodworth was elected president,
and F. H. Holmes secretary.
The fifth annual meeting was held at Milwaukee, Wis., August
JO smd 31, and September i, 1900. George D. Markham of St.
Louis was elected president, and F. H. Holmes secretary.
The sixth annual meeting was held at Put-in-Bay, Ohio, Sep-
tember II, 12 and 13, 1901. George D. Markham was elected presi-
dent, and F. H. .Holmes secretary.
The seventh annual meeting was held at Louisville, Ky., October
21, 22 and 23, 1902. Thomas H. Geer, Cleveland, was elected presi-
dent, and F. H. Holmes secretary.
The eighth annual meeting was held in Hartford, Conn., October
20, 21 and 22, 1903. John C. North, New Haven, Conn., was elected
president, and Frank F. Holmes secretary.
The ninth annual meeting was held in the Festival Hall building,
Exposition Grounds, St. Louis, October 18, 19, 20 and 21, 1904.
A. H. Robinson, Louisville, Ky„ was elected president, and H. H.
Putnam, Boston, secretary.
106 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The tenth annual meeting was held at Denver, Col., August 16^
17 and 18, 1905. £. J. Tapping, Milwaukee, was elected president,
and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The eleventh annual meeting was held at Indianapolis, Ind.,
October 17, 18 and 19, 1906. Charles F. Wilson, Denver, was elected
president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The twelfth annual meeting was held at Richmond, Va., Sep-
tember 25, 26 and 27, 1907. F. W. Offenhauser, Texarkana, Texas,
was elected president, and H. H. Putnam re-elected secretary.
The thirteenth annual meeting was held at St. Paul, Minn^
August II, 12 and 13, 1908. Edward W. Beardsley, Hartford, was
elected president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The fourteenth annual meeting was held in Atlantic City, N. J^
September 21, 22 and 23, 1909. Fred Guenther, Detroit, Mich., was
elected president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The fifteenth annual meeting was held in Chicago, September
12, 13 and 14, 1910. A. W. Neale, Cleveland, Ohio., was elected
president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The sixteenth annual meeting was held in Buffalo, N. Y., July
17, 18 and 19, 191 1. James R. Southgate, Durham, N. C, was
elected president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The seventeenth annual meeting was held at Atlanta, Ga., Octo*
ber 15, 16 and 17, 1912. James R. Southgate, Durham, N. C., was
elected president, and H. H. Putnam, secretary.
The eighteenth annual meeting of the association was held in
Cincinnati, October 14, 15 and 16, 1913. C. F. Hildreth, Freeport,
111., was elected president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The nineteenth annual meeting was held at Minneapolis, Minn.,
August 17, 18 and 19, 1914. C. F. Hildreth, Freeport, 111., was elected
president and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The twentieth annual meeting was held in Indianapolis, Ind.,
October 4, 5, 6 and 7, 1915. E. C. Roth, Buffalo, N. Y., was elected
president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The twenty- first annual meeting was held in Boston, Mass., Sep-
tember 12, 13 and 14, 19 16. E. E. Roth, Buffalo, N. Y., was elected
president, and H. H. Putnam, Boston, secretary.
The twenty-second annual meeting was held in St. Louis, Mo.,
October 11, 12 and 13, 1917. Edward M. Allen, Helena, Ark., was
elected president and Henry H. Putnam, Boston, Mass., secretary.
The twenty-third annual meeting was held in Cleveland, Ohio,
September 18, 19 and 20, 1918. E. M. Allen, Helena, ArK was elected
president, and Chauncey S. S. Miller, New York, secretary.
The twenty-fourth annual meeting was held in Louisville, Ky.
October 15, 16 and 17, 19 19. Fred J. Cox, Perth Amboy, N. J., was
elected president and Chauncey S. S. Miller, New York, N. Y. secre-
tary.
Fire Insurance Section 107
The twenty-fifth annual meeting was held in Des Moines, Iowa,
October 19, 20, 21 and 22, 1920. Fred J. Cox, Perth Amboy, New
Jersey, was elected president, and Walter H. Bennett, New York City,
secretary.
The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held in Los Angeles, Cal.,
September 13, 14, 15 and 16, 1921.
Officers and committee chairmen were elected as follows: James L«
Case, Norwich, Conn., president; Walter H. Bennett, 80 Maiden Lane,
N. Y., secretary and treasurer; chairman executive committee, A. G.
Chapman, Louisville, Ky.; chairman of committees : James T. Catlin,
Jr., Danville, Virginia, Fire Prevention; J. A. Duckworth, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama, membership; Glenn H. Johnson, Syracuse, N. Y., finance;
Thomas C. MofTatt, Newark, N. J., grievance; A. L. Clemons, Cincin-
nati, Ohio, legislative.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RECIPROCAL INSURANCE
EXCHANGES. Organized at a meeting in Chicago in June 1920, by
representatives of Reciprocal Insurance Exchanges. The present
officers, elected in June 1921, are: President, Arthur Wolf, State Auto-
mobile, Indianapolis; vice-president, Thomas L. Cherry, Illinois
Underwriters; secretary, W. F. Bradenburg, Automobile Owners
Protective, Kankakee, 111.; treasurer, Frank H. Ellis, Associated
Employers Reciprocal, Chicago, 111.
NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE UNDERWRITERS CONFER-
ENCE, 140 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. The first conference, known as
the "Association of Automobile Underwriters," was organized in
New York in December, 1909, and in June, 191 1, the name of the
organization was changed to the "Automobile Underwriters Con-
ference." The National Automobile Underwriters Conference is the
successor of the earlier organizations and the name was adopted in
July, 1916. The conference was re-organized in July 1920, and the
purposes of the Conference as set forth in the newly adopted constitu-
tion are as follows:
The purpose of the organization is to promote and facilitate scientific under-
writing covering all forms of insurance pertaining to motor vehicles. It is intended
that the organization shall so far as it may be lawful:
Serve as a medium of exchange of information.
Secure the adoption by underwriters of suitable and uniform policy forms and
Investigate class of general hazards, to procure and compile information and
atatistics concerning losses and their causes and to devise, advocate, and promote
reaaonable and proper means of eliminating or reducing the hazards insured against
and to promote intelligent underwriting.
Prevent rebating and unfair discrimination.
Harmonize insurable values, methods of rating, agency commissions (including
contingent commissions), brokerage, policy forms, and underwriting practices generally.
W. P. Young is secretary and general manager, and J. R. Moore,
assistant secretary. The officers of the Conference are: W. P. Burpee,
New Hampshire Fire, president; John Marshall, Jr., Fireman's Fund,
vice-president; W. Mackintosh, Royal, treasurer. Under the re-organi-
zation the following standing committees were appointed.
108
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Governing CommiUee: N. S. Bartow, chairman; William B. Burpee,
vice-chairman; Sheldon Catlin, F. C. White, George G. Bulkley,
Milton Dargan, John Marshall, Jr., F. C. Buswell, Daniel N. Gage,
J. Purviance Bonsai, C. W. Bailey, O. E. Lane, Hendon Chubb, William
R. Hedge, J. V. Fothergill, Robert N. Hughs, Ralph B. Ives, F. B.
Kellam.
Grievance Committee: Whitney Palache, Paul L. Haid, Thos. H.
Anderson, Douglas F. Cox, W. Mackintosh, Hart Darlington, Sheldon
Catlin, C. D. Dunlop, Fred A. Hubbard.
Rating and Statistical Committee: Edmund Ely, chairman; J. D.
Vail, vice-chairman; F. B. Kellam, R. B. Bamett, L. B. Grossmith,
T. A. Kruse, George F. Kern, C. M. Campbell, R. E. Stronach, J. V.
Fothergill, C. S. Timberlake, C. R. Pitcher, S. Y. Tupper, Jr., C. C.
Wright, Ralph Rawlings.
Committee on Thefts: C. S. Timberlake, F. J. Sauter, chairman;
N. S. Bartow, John M. Harrison, A. T. Bailey.
Committee on Co-operation: H. N. Dickinson, chairman; A. G.
Mcllwaine, Edward Milligan, C. G. Smith, R. M. Bissell, John Mar-
shall, Jr., S. Y. Tupper.
Committee on Forms: J. C. Harding, R. H. Colcock, Jr., C. M.
Martindale, L. R. Bowden, J. F. Van Riper, O. R. Beckwith, J. H. Mc-
Cormick, W. H. Koop, J. V. Fothergill, C. A. Bickerstaff, Ralph H.
Goodwin, W. M. Ballard, H. H. Clutia, F. B. Kellam, Ralph Rawlings.
SPECIAL COMMITTEES: Commissions CommiUee: J. V.
Fothergill, chairman; T. H. Anderson, T. J. Goddard, Ralph B. Ives,
Loui A. Lent, W. J. McCaffrey, C. R. Pitcher, W. L. Mooney, Hinton
J. Hopkins, Charles E. Sheldon.
Finance Committee: C. F. Shallcross, chairman, Hendon Chubb,
F. C. Buswell.
The membership is as follows:
iEtna, Hartford. Conn.
.Agriculture, Watertown, N. Y.
Alliance Assurance. New York, N. Y.
Alliance. Philadelphia. Pa.
American Alliance, New York.
American and Foreign Marine, New
York. N. Y.
American Central, St. Louis, Mo.
.American. Newark, N. J.
American Eagle. New York, N. Y.
Atlas, New York, N. Y.
Atlas, San Francisco
Automobile, Hartford, Conn.
Boston, Boston, Mass.
British and Foreign Marine, New York,
N. Y.
British & Foreign Marine, Phila.
Caledonian, New York.
California. San Francisco, Cal.
Camden Fire. Camden, N. J.
Central National, Des Moines, la.
Central States Fire, Kansas.
Central West Fire, Illinois.
Citizens, St. Louis, Mo.
City of New York, N. Y.
Columbia, New York. N. Y.
Columbian, Indianapolis, Ind.
Commercial Union of London, New York.
N.Y.
Commercial Union Fire, N.Y.
Commonwealth. New York, N. Y.
Connecticut Fire. Hartford. Coifn.
Continental Fire, New York, N. Y.
Eagle, Star and British Dominions
Employers Fire, Boston, Mass.
Equitable Fire and Marine, Providence.
R. I.
Farmers, Cedar. Rapids, la.
Federal. Jersey City, N. J.
Federal Fire & Hail, Denver, Colo.
Federal Union, Chicago.
Fidelity-Phenix. New York. N. Y.
Firemans Fund. New York. N. Y.
Fire Association, Philadelphia, Pa.
Fire Insurance Section
109
Franklin. Philadelphia, Pa.
Glens Falls. Glens FalU. N. Y.
Globe and Rutgers, New York. N. Y.
Great- American. New York, N. Y.
Great Union F. & M., New Orleans.
Hanover Fire. New York, N. Y.
Hartford Fire. Hartford. Conn.
Home. New York. N. Y.
Home Fire and Marine, San Francisco.
Imperial Association, New York.
Indemnity Mutual Marine, New York,
N. Y.
Insurance Co. of North America, Phila-
delphia. Pa.
Law Union & Rock, Hartford.
Law Union & Rock, Chicago.
Law Union & Rock. San Francisco.
Liverpool and London and Globe, Eng.
N. Y.
Liverpool & London & Globe, Chicago.
Liverpool & London & Globe, New
Orleans.
Liverpool & London & Globe, San
Francisco.
London and Lancashire. Hartford, Conn.
London & Lancashire, San Francisco.
London & Lancashire, Chicago.
London Assurance, N. Y.
London & Scottish, Chicago. 111.
Marine. New York. N. Y.
Maryland Motor Car, Baltimore. Md.
Massachusetts Fh^e and Marine. Boston,
Mass.
MeicanUle. New York, N. Y.
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee, Wis.
National American, Omaha, Neb.
National- Ben Franklin. PitUburgh. Pa.
National Capital, Washington, D. C.
National Liberty, New York.
National Security, Omaha, Neb.
Newark Fire. Newark, N. J.
New Hampshire, Manchester, N. H.
Niagara Fire, New York, N. Y.
North British and Mercantile, New York.
X. Y.
North Carolina Home, Raleigh
Northern Assurance, New York.
Northern Assurance, Chicago.
Northwestern F.& M., MinneapoIis,Minn.
Norwich Union. New York. N. Y.
Norwich Union, San Francisco.
Ocean Marine, New York, N. Y.
Old Colony. Boston, Mass.
Omaha Liberty, Omaha. Neb.
Orient, Chicago.
Orient. Hartford, Conn.
Orient, San Francisco.
Palatine, New York, N. Y.
Patriotic, New York.
Pennsylvania Fire. Philadelphia. Pa.
Phcenlx Assurance, New York, N. Y.
Phoenix, Hartford. Conn.
Providence Washington, Providence. R.I.
Queen, Chicago.
Queen, Atlanta.
Queen. San Francisco.
Queen Insurance Co., New York, N. Y.
Reliance Marine. New York. N. Y.
Rocky Mountain. Great Falls, Mont.
Royal Exchange, New York. N. Y.
Royal, Atlanta.
Royal, Boston.
Royal, Chicago.
Royal, New York. N. Y.
Royal, San Francisco.
Safeguard, Hartford.
Safeguard, Chicago.
Safeguard, San Francisco.
Scottish Union and National, Hartford,
Conn.
Security, New Haven.
St. Paul Fire and Marine. St. Paul. Minn.
Sea. New York, N. Y.
Springfield Fire and Marine, Springfield,
Mass.
Standard Marine, Liverpool, New York.
Standard Marine, San Francisco.
Star, Chicago, 111.
Star, New Orleans, La.
Star, New York
Star, San Francisco.
State, Hartford.
Sterling, Indianapolis.
Sun, New York.
Tokio Marine, New York, N. Y.
Twin City Fire, Minneapolis. Minn.
Union, New York, N. Y.
Union Marine. New York, N. Y.
United Sutes. New York, N. Y.
United States Lloyds, New York, N. Y
Victory, Philadelphia.
Westchester Fire. New York, N. Y.
Western National, Fargo, N. D.
NATIONAL-BEN FRANKLIN FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1910 (consolidation of National
and Ben Franklin Fire Insurance companies); capital, $1,000,000.
H. M. Schmitt, president; Thos. A. Hathaway, secretary; Paul A.
Schmitt, assistant secretary.
NATIONAL BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was or-
ganized July 18, 1866, in the city of New York. [For a history of
the National Board from its organization and a list of the original
members, see the Cyclopedia of Insurance for 1891.]
no
Cyclopedia of Insurance
The following is a list of the officers of the National Board to
the present time :
Yeart.
~i866'
1867
1868
1869
X870
X871
1873
1873
X874
X87S
X876
X877
X878
1879
x88o
X88x
X88a
X883
X884
X885
X886
1887
x888
X889
X890
X89X
x89a
X893
1894
X895
X896
X897
X898
1899
X900
X90I
X9oa
X903
1904
X905
1906
X907
1908
X909
X9X0
X9XX
X9xa
X9I3
X914
1915
1916
1917
X9X8
X919
X930
I92I
Presidents.
, amea M. McLean,
/ames M. McLean,
^ ames M. McLean,
ames M. McLean.
Henry A. Oakley,
Henry A. Oakley,
Henry A. Oakley,
Henry A. Oakley,
Henry A. Oakley.
Henry A. Oakley.
George L. Chase,
Alfred G. Baker,
Alfred G. Baker,
Alfred G. Baker.
Martin Bennett, Jr.
Daniel A. Heald,
Daniel A. Heald,
Daniel A. Heald,
Daniel A. Heald,
Daniel A. Heald.
Daniel A. Heald,
Daniel A. Heald.
Daniel A. Heald,
Daniel A. Heald.
Daniel A. Heald.
D. W. C. Skilton.
D. W. C. Skilton.
D. W. C. Skilton.
Edward A. Walton,
Edward A. Walton.
WUliam B. Clark.
Henry W. Eaton.
Elihu C. Irrin.
Elihu C. Irvin.
George P. Sheldon,
George P. Sheldon.
Robert B. Beath.
Henry H. Hall.
John H. Washburn.
John H. Washburn.
George W. Burchell.
George W. Burchell.
J. Montgomery Hare.
J. Montgomery Hare,
A. W. Damon.
George W. Babb.
George W. Babb.
Wm. N. Kremer,
Wm. N. Kremer,
E. G. Richards.
R. M. Biesell.
R. M. Bissell.
F. C. Buswcll.
F. C. Buswell,
Charles L. Case.
John B. Morton,
Vice-Presidents.
Secretaries.
Timothy C. Allyn,
Lucius J. Hendee.
Lucius J. Hendee.
Lucius J. Hendee.
Lucius J. Hendee,
Lucius J. Hendee.
Lucius J. Hendee.
Lucius J. Hendee,
Lucius J. Hendee.
Lucius J. Hendee.
Charles Piatt,
Benoni Lockwood.
Benoni Lockwood,
Benoni Lockwood,
Daniel A. Heald.
John W. Murray,
John W. Murray.
John W. Murray.
D. W. C. SkUton.
D. W. C. SkUton.
D. W. C. Skilton,
D. W. C. Skilton,
D. W. C. Skilton,
D. W. C. Skilton.
D. W. C. SkUton,
T. H. Montgomery,
T. H. Montgomery,
T. H. Montgomery,
WUliam B. Clark,
WUliam B. Clark,
Henry W. Eaton,
Elihu C. Irvin.
George P. Sheldon,
George P. Sheldon,
Eugene L. Ellison.
Eugene L. Ellison,
Henry H. HaU.
John H. Washburn.
George W. BurcheU.
George W. BurcheU.
J. Montgomery Hare.
J. Montgomery Hare,
A. W. Damon.
A. W. Damon.
G. W. Babb,
Wm. N. Kremer.
Wra. N. Kremer,
E. G. Richards.
R. M. Bissell.
R. M. BisseU.
F. C. Buswell.
F. C. BusweU,
Charles L. Case,
Charles L. Case.
John B. Morton.
W. H. Stevens.
Frank W. Ballard.
WUUam Connor, Jr.
WUliam Connor. Jr.
WUliam Connor. Jr.
James N. Rankin.
James N. Rankin.
Benj. S. Walcott.
Samuel P. Blagden.
Samuel P. Blagden.
Samuel P. Blagden.
Elijah AUiger.
Elijah AUiger.
M. Bennett. Jr.
M. Bennett. Jr.
John W. Murray.
D. W. C. SkUton.
D. W. C. SkUton.
D. W. C. SkUton.
ohn L. Thomson,
^ohn L. Thomson.
. ohn L. Thomson.
, ohn L. Thomson.
, ohn L. Thomaoa.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B.
B.
Robert
Robert B.
Robert B.
Beath.
Beath.
Beath.
Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Robert B. Beath.
Charles A. ^aw.
Charles A. Shaw.
Charles A. Shaw.
Charles A. Shaw.
Charles G. Smith.
Charles G. Smith.
Charles G. Smith.
Charles G. Smith.
Charles. G. Smith.
E. W. West
E. W. West.
E. J. Haynes.
E. J. Haynes.
E. J. Haynes.
£. J. Haynes.
E. J. Haynes.
George G. Bulkley.
George G. Bulkley.
George G. Bulkley.
Sumner Ballard.
J. S. Parish of Providence, R. I., was treasurer from the organi-
zation of the board until the time of his death in November, 1889,
when Fred W. Arnold, also of Providence, was appointed by the
executive committee. He was re-elected by the board yearly until
Fire Insurance Section
111
1904, when he declined re-election and was succeeded by Marshall
S. Driggs, who served until his death in 1910. C. J. Holman was
elected in 191 1, and served until 1919. William Hare succeeded Mr.
Holraan, serving until 192 1. R. Emory Warfield is the present treas-
urer. Thomas H. Montgomery was general agent from 1872 to 1878,
and Henry K. Miller received that title in 1899, and remained as
general agent until his death in 191 1. W. E. Mallalieu is the present
general manager. The chairmen of the executive committee have been:
D. A. Heald, E. W. Crowell, Rudolph Garrigue, Stephen Crowell,
George T. Hope, B. Lockwood, E. A. Walton, George P. Sheldon, and
Peter Notman of New York; J. N. Dunham of Springfield; Jot ham
Goodnowof Hartford; H. W. Eaton, E. F. Beddell, Marshall S. Driggs,
Henry E. Bowers, H. H. Hall, J. Montgomery Hare, New York; A. W.
Damon, Springfield; Geo. W. Babb, W. N. Kremer, and E. G. Richards,
New York; R. M. Bissell, Hartford; F. C. Buswell, Henry E. Rees.
John B. Morton, W. H. Stevens, Watertown, N. Y. H. A. Smith,
Hartford. Henry K. Miller was secretary of the committee from 1873
to 1899, his predecessors having been W. H. Post, A. J. Smith, C. B.
Whiting and Frank W. Ballard. T. Alfred Fleming is supervisor of the
Board's Conservation department established in 191 9. The officers
of the Board are at 76 William Street, New York, N. Y.
The fifty-sixth annual meeting of the Board was held in New
York, N. Y., May 25, 1922. President Morton presided, and in his
address reviewed the work of the Board and conditions in the field.
Reports from the treasurer, and executive committee were pre-
sented dealing with the finances and work of the board, and reports
were presented by other standing committees reviewing the activities
of the year.
Officers were elected as follows: President, John B. Morton,
Fire Association, Philadelphia; vice-president, W. H. Stevens, Agri-
cultural, Watertown; treasurer, R. Emory Warfield, Hanover Fire,
New York; secretary, Sumner Ballard, International, New York.
Members of the executive committee elected were: James Wyper,
Hartford; Wilfred Kurth, Home, New York; D. N. Dunham, Fire-
men's, Newark; Percival Beresford, Phoenix of London, New York
and J. B. Levison, Fireman's Fund, San Francisco.
The following is a list of the companies constituting the National
Board of Fire Underwriters, April i, 1922:
Abeflle, Paris, France.
£tiia, Hartford, Ct.
Agricultural, Watertown, N. Y.
Albany, Albany, N. Y.
Allemannia Fire. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Alliance, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Alliance, N. Y.
American Central, St Louis, Mo.
American Eagle, New York.
American. Newark.
American Fire.
Anchor Fire.
Axizona Fire.
Atlas Insurance, London.
Atwood Fire.
Automobile. Hartford, Conn.
Bankers and Shippers, N. Y.
Boston, Boston, Mass.
British-American Assurance, Toronto,
Canada.
Buffalo, Buffalo. N. Y.
Caledonian, Scotland.
Caledonian American. New York, N. Y.
California, San Francisco.
Camden Fire, Camden, N. J.
Carolina, Wilmington, N. C*
Century. Edinburgh.
Citizens, St. Louis, Mo.
City, Pittoburgh. Pa.
City of New York, New York.
112
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Cleveland National, Cleveland, O.
Columbia, Jersey City, N. J.
Columbian National, Lansing, Mich.
Commerce, Albany, N. Y.
Commercial Union, London.
Commercial Union, New York.
Commonwealth, New York.
Concordia Fire, Milwaukee, Wit.
Connecticut Fire. Hartford.
Continental, New York.
Corcoran, Washington, D. C.
Coun^ Fire of Phila., PhUadelphia, Pa.
Detroit F. & M., Detroit, Mich.
Detroit National, Detroit, Mich.
Dixie Fire, Greensboro, N. C.
Dubuque Fire and Marine.
Eagle, Star & British Dominions, London.
Employers Fire.
Equitoble F. & M., Providence, R. I.
Farmers' Fire, York, Pa.
Federal, Jersey City, N. J.
FideUty-PheniJC. New York.
Fire Association, Philadelphia, Pa.
Fireman's Fund, San Francisco, Cal.
Firemen's, Newark.
Firemen's, Washington, D. C.
Fire Reassurance. Paris.
Franklin Fire, Philadelphia, Pa.
Fuso Marine and Fire.
General Fire, Paris.
Georgia Home, Columbus, Ga.
Great American, New York.
Great Lakes.
Girard F. & M.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Glens Falls, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Globe and Rutgers, New York.
Globe National.
Granite State, Portsmouth, N. H.
Hamilton, New York.
Hampton Roads, Fire & Marine
Hanover Fire, New York.
Hartford Fire, Hartford, Ct.
Henry Clay Fire, Lexington, Ky.
Home, New York.
Home Fire and Marine, San Francisco.
Hudson, New York.
Imperial Assurance, New York.
Importers and Exporters, N. Y.
Insurance Co. ox N. America, Phila*
delphia. Pa.
Insurance Company, State of Penn*
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
International, New York, N. Y.
Jakor. Russia.
Knickerbocker, N. Y.
Law, Union and Rock, London.
Liverpool and London and Globe, Liv-
erpool.
London and Lancashire Fire, Liverpool.
London Assurance Corporation. London.
London and Scottish, London.
Massachusetts F. & M., Boston, Mast.
Mechanics* Fire, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mechanics and Traders, New Orleans. La.
Mercantile of America, New York, N. Y.
Merchants Fire, New York.
Michigan F. & M., Detroit, Mich.
Milwaukec-Mechanics, Milwaukee, Wis.
Nationale, Paris.
National, Copenhagen.
National-Ben Franklin, Pittaburgh. Pa.
National Fire, Hartford. Ct.
NaUonal Liberty, New York. N. Y.
National Union, Washington, D. C.
National Union Fire, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Netherlands Fire. The Hague.
Newark Fire, Newark, N. J.
New Brunswick Fire, New Brunswick,
N. J.
New Hampshire Fire, Manchester, N. H.
New Jersey Fire, Newark, N. J.
New Zealand, Auckland, N. Z.
Niagara Fire, New York.
Northern Assurance, London.
Northern. New York.
North British and Mercantile, Edin-
burgh.
North River. N. Y.
Norske Lloyd. Christianin. N<Mway.
Northwestern F. & M., Minneapolis.
Norwich Union Fire Ins. Society.
England.
Ohio Farmers, York, Pa.
Old Colony, Boston, Mass.
Orient, Hartford, Ct.
Pacific Fire, New York.
Palatine, London.
Paternelle, Paris, France.
Patriotic, Dublin.
Pennsylvania Fire, Philadelphia, Pa.
Peoples National Fire, Philadelphia,
Pa.
Petersburg, Petersburg. Va.
Phoenix Fire, Paris.
Phoenix, Hartford, Cl
Phoenix Assurance, London.
PitUburgh Fire. PitUburgh.
Potomac. Washington, D. C.
Providence Washington, Providence,
R. I.
Prudentia Re & Co-insurance
8ueen, New York,
eliance, Philadelphia, Pa.
Reinsurance Co., Salamandra.
Republic Fire. Allegheny. Pa.
Rhode Island, Providence, R. I.
Richmond.
Rossia of A merica. Hartford.
Royal, Liverpool.
Royal Exchange Assurance, London.
Safeguard. New York. N. Y.
Salamandra, St. Petersburg.
Scottish Union and National, Edin-
burgh.
Second Russian Reinsurance. Petrogiad.
Security, New Haven, Ct.
Security. Davenport, la.
Skandia. Stockholm, Sweden.
Skandinavian, Denmark.
South Carolina, Columbia, S. C.
Southern Home, Charleston, S. C.
Springfield F. & M., Springfield, Mass.
Standard Fire. Hartford, Conn.
Standard, Trenton, N. J.
Star, New York.
State Assurance, LiverpooL
Fire Insurance Section
113
Berlins, Indianapolu, Ind.
St. Paul Fire & Marine, St. Paul. Minn.
Snn Insurance Office, London.
Saperior Fire. Pittsborsb, Pa.
STca Fire and Life, Sweden.
Swiss Reinsuxance, Basle, Switz.
Tokio Fire and Marine, Japan.
Twin City Fire. Minneapolis, Minn.
Union Assurance Society, London.
Union. Canton, China.
Union Fire, Paris.
Union, Buffalo, N. Y.
United American. Pittsburgh. Pa.
United Firemens, Philadelphia, Pa.
United States Fire, New York.
Urbalne Fire. Paris.
Victory, Philadelphia, Pa.
Virginia F. & M., Richmond, Va.
Westchester Fire. New York.
Western Assurance^ Toronto.
Yorkshire. York, £ng.
NATIONAL BOARD OF MARINE UNDERWRITERS. This
board was merged with the Board of Underwriters of New York in
192 1, (which see.) ,
NATIONALE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PARIS.
France. Chrganized 1820. Starkweather & Shepley, Inc., United
States managers, Providence, R. I. George L. Shepley, president; Emil
G. Pieper, vice-president and manager of agency department.
NATIONAL FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Elizabeth, N. J. Organized 1865; capital, $100,000. E. C.
Jameson, president; H. R. Chambers, vice-president; H. C. Trow-
bridge, secretary.
NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of Hartford
Conn. Organized 1871; capital, $2,000,000. H. A. Smith, presi-
dent; Frank D. Lay ton, vice-president; S. T. Maxwell, secretary;
C. B. Roulet, G. F. Cowee and R. M. Anderson, assistant secretaries;
F. B. Seymour, treasurer.
NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Entered United States in 191 7. Walter D. Despard, United States
manager, marine department, 66 Beaver Street, New York, N. Y.
Sumner Ballard, manager fire department, 80 Maiden Lane, New York,
N. Y. (Fire and marine re-insurance business.)
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. At a
meeting of inspectors representing associations and boards of fire
underwriters, and others engaged in the business of fire insurance,
held in the city of New York, November 5, 1896, an organization
was effected of an association with the above title.
Officers and executive committee were chosen as follows : C. C.
Little, president; E. U. Crosby, secretary; U. C. Crosby, F. E.
Cabot, W. H. Stratton, W. A. Anderson, William Bonner, Robert
Jardine, Albert Blauvelt, executive committee, with three more
named respectively by the South Eastern Tariff Association, Phila-
delphia Fire Underwriters' Association, and Underwriters' Association
of the Middle Department.
Franklin H. Wentworth is secretary and R. S. Moulton, assistant
secretary. Executive offices, 87 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.
114 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Its purposes are set forth in the following articles:
This organization shall be known as the National Fire Protection Associa-
tion.
The objects of the association are to promote the science and improve the
methods of fire protection; to obtain and circulate information on this subject
and to secure co-operation of its members in establishing proper safegiaards
against loss of life and propertx by fire.
"Membership shall consist of (a) Members, (b) Associate, (c) Honorary'. It is
understood that through membership none is pledged to any course of action.
a. Members — National institutes, societies and associations interested in
the protection of life and property against loss by fire, state associations whoee principal
object is the reduction of fire waste, insurance boards and insurance associations
having primary jurisdiction, shall be eligible for membership. Annual dues shall be $60.
Members shall have six votes in the affairs of the Association and shall be entitled to
four copies of all publications regularly distributed to members.
b. Associate Members — National, state and municipal depcutments and
bureaus, state and municipal associations, boards of trade, chambers of commerce,
firms, corporations, libraries, and individuals shall be eligible for associate membership.
Annual dues shall be Sio. Associat'e members shall have a vote in the affairs of the
Association and be entitled to receive one copy of all publications regularly distributed
to members.
c. Honorary Members. — Honorary life membership may be conferred upon
persons who for more than fifteen years have rendered exceptional service in the work
of fire protection and fire prevention. A favorable report by the Executive Committee
and a majority vote of the Association at any regularly called meeting shall be necessary
to elect. This membership carries with it all the privileges of associate members without
dues."
The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held in Atlantic City, N. J.
May, 9, 10, and 11, 1922. Officers were elected as follows: H. O. La-
count, Boston, Mass., president; Rudolph P. Miller, New York, first
vice-president; Dana Pierce, New York, second vice-president; Frank-
lin H. Wentworth, Boston, Mass., secretary and treasurer; A. T. Bell,
Atlantic City, N. J., chairman of executive committee; J. I. Banash,
Chicago, Geo. W. Booth, New York, A. M. Schoen, Atlanta, H. V.
Thayer, Boston, Louis Wiederhold, Jr., Phildalephia; executive com-
mittee (for Three Years) ; W. F. Ballinger, Philadelphia, Richard E.
Schmidt, Chicago, executive committee (for Two Years).
Active members of the Association, April 15, 1922, were as follows:
American Institute of Architects.
American Institute of Consulting Engineers.
American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
American Concrete Institute.
American Electric Railway Association.
American Gas Association.
American Petroleum Institute.
Arkansas Fire Prevention Bureau.
Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Co.'s Inspection Bureau.
Associated Manufacturers of Electrical Supplies.
Associated Manufacturers of Safety Standard Films and Projectors.
Associated Metal Lath Manufacturers.
Association of Edison Illuminating Companies.
Association of the Fire Alarm Industry.
Association of Fire Underwriters of Baltimore City.
Association of Marine Underwriters of United States.
Board of Fire Underwriters of Allegheny County.
Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific.
Board of Fire Underwriters of the Territory of Hawaii.
Boston Board of Fire Underwriters.
British Columbia Fire Underwriters Association.
Fire Insurance Section 115
Buffalo Association of Fire Underwriters.
Bureau of ExpIosiTes.
Canadian Fire Underwriters' Association.
Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association.
Canadian Manufacturers' Association.
Chicago Board of Underwriters of Chicago.
Clay Products Association.
Committee of Manufacturers on Standardization of Fittings and Valves.
Common Bnck Manufacturers' Association of America.
Compressed Gas Manufacturers Association.
Conservation and Fire Prevention Association of Indiana.
Conservation and Fire Prevention Association of Ohio.
Cotton Insurance Association.
Electric Power Club.
Electrical Supply Jobbers' Association.
Engineering Institute of Canada.
Factory Insurance Association.
Factory Mutual Laboratories.
Fire Underwriters Electrical Bureau.
Grain Insurance Association.
Gypsum Industries Association.
Hollow Building Tile Association.
Hydraulic Society.
Illinois Inspection Bureau.
Indiana Inspection Bureau.
Institute of Makers of Explosives.
Insurance Association of Providence.
International Acetylene Association.
International Association of Fire Engineers.
International Association of Fire Fighters.
Iowa Insurance Service Bureau.
Kansas Inspection Bureau.
Kentucky Actuarial Bureau.
Kentucky State Department of Fire Protection and Rates.
Lightning Rod Manufacturers' Association.
Louisiana Fire Prevention Bureau.
Michigan Inspection Bureau.
Millers* National Federation.
Missouri Inspection Bureau.
Mountain States Inspection Bureau.
Mutual Fire Inspection Bureau.
Mutual Fire Insurance Association.
Mutual Fire Prevention Bureau.
National Association of Building Owners and Managers.
National Association of Credit Men.
National Association of Electrical Contractors and Dealers.
National Association of Insurance Agents.
Natioi»l Association of Manufacturers of Approved Hollow Metal Window
Frames and Sash.
National Association of Manufacturers of United States.
National Association of the Motion Picture Industry Inc.
National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors of United States.
National Automatic Sprinkler Association.
National Board of Fire Underwriters.
National Convention of Insurance Commissioners.
National Electric Light Association.
National Lime Association.
National Lumber Manufacturers' Association.
National Wholesale Druggists' Association.
Nebraska Inspection Bureau.
New Brunswick Board of Fire Underwriters.
New England Bureau of United Inspection.
New England Insurance Exchange.
New Hampshire Board of Underwriters.
New Jersey Schedule Rating Ofiice.
New York Board of Fire Underwriters.
New York Fire Insurance Exchange.
116 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Newfoundland Board of Fire Underwriters.
Nova Scotia Board of Fire Underwriter!.
Ohio Inspection Bureau.
Oil Insurance Association.
Oklahoma Inspection Bureau.
Oregon Insurance Rating Bureau.
Philadelphia Fire Underwriters' Association.
Philadelphia Suburban Underwriters' Association.
Portland Cement Association.
Prepared Roofing Association.
Pyroxylin Plastics Manufacturers' Association.
Railroad Insurance Association.
Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Association.
South-Eastern Underwriters' Association.
St. Louis Fire Prevention Bureau.
Suburban Fire Lisurance Exchange.
Tennessee Inspection Bureau.
Texas Inspection Bureau.
Texas State Fire Insurance Commission.
The Union.
Underwriters' Association of the District of Columbia.
Underwriters' Association of the Middle Department.
Underwriters' Association of New York State.
Underwriters' Bureau of Middle and Southern States.
Underwriters' Bureau of New England.
Underwriters' Laboratories.
Underwriters' Service Association.
Washington Surveying and Rating Bureau.
Water Works Manufacturers Association.
Western Actuarial Bureau (Fire).
Western Canada Fire Underwriters' Association.
Western Factory Insurance Association.
Western Insurance Bureau.
Western Sprinklered Risk Association.
West Virginia Inspection Bureau.
Wisconsin Inspection Bureau.
NATIONAL INSURANCE CONVENTION. [See National In-
surance Convention, life section, this volumt.]
NATIONAL LIBERTY INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMER-
ICA, New York. Organized 1859; capital, $1,000,000. M. J. Aver-
bach, chairman; Charles H. Coates, president ; Louis Pfingstag, vice-
president and secretary. (709-717 Sixth Ave., Corner 41st Street,
New York City.)
NATIONAL MUTUAL ASSURANCE COMPANY, Phila-
delphia, Pa. Organized 1901. F. A. Downes, president and treas-
urer; Samuel L. Hammer, vice-president; Herbert P. Onyx, secretary;
Charles H. Thomas, assistant secretary. 925 Chestnut Street.
NATIONAL MUTUAL CHURCH INSURANCE COMPANY.
Chicago, III. Organized 1899. N. M. Jones, president; I. N. Conard,
vice-president; Henry P. Magill, secretary and manager; Sampson
Rogers, treasurer; Frank L. Hart, assistant secretary.
NATIONAL MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, THE,
Celina, Ohio. Organized 191 5. J. D. Johnson, president; Otto F.
Rentzsch, vice-president; E. J. Brookhart, secretary; W. T. Palmer,
treasurer. General fire, automobile, motor truck and farm tractor
insurance.
Fire Insurance Section 117
NATIONAL RESERVE INSURANCE COMPANY OF ILL-
INOIS, home office, Dubuque, Iowa. Established 1920; capital
$300,000. N. J. Schrup, president; S. F. Weiser, secretary; S. W.
Waving, assistant secretary.
NATIONAL SECURITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Ooiaha, Neb. Organized 1914; cash capital, $250,000. Archie J. Love,
president and treasurer; C. R. Tuttle, vice-president; P. K. Walsh
vice-president and secretary; John Kremer, vice-president; W. S. Fos-
ter, J. J. Connor and E. C. Ruwe, assistant secretaries.
NATIONAL TRADES' FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Chicago, 111. Organized 1906; cash capital, $200,000. The company
re-insured in 192 1 and retired.
NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pitts-
burgh. Pa. Organized 1901; capital, $1,500,000. E. E. Cole, presi-
dent; A. W. Mellon, vice-president; E. W. Hall, second vice-president
and secretary; W. F. Braun, assistant secretary; A. W. McEldowney,
treasurer; C. A. Tyler, assistant treasurer.
NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Washington, D. C. Organized, 1865; capital, $100,000. Albert F.
Fox, president; Philip F. Lamer, secretary.
NEBRASKA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized July, 1899. Daniel H. Wheeler, Sr., Omaha,
was elected president, and John W. Robbins, Omaha, secretary and
treasurer. The present officers, elected in June 1921, are: E. R. Good-
man, North Platte, president; J. E. Sebastian, North Platte, secretary
and treasurer.
NEBRASKA NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Lincoln,
Neb. Organized 189^; capital, paid in, $20,000. E. D. Beach, president;
John A. Wachter, vice-president; P. F. Zimmer, secretary and treas-
urer.
NETHERLANDS FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY. Established 1845, The Hague, Holland. Harold W. Let-
ton, United States manager; Insurance Exchange, Chicago, 111.
NEVADA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Reno, Nev. Or-
rized 1 9 14; capital, $250,360. W. C. Pitt, president; W. H. Hood,
Kirkman, ana J. J. Hylton, vice-presidents; Robert Carlson, sec-
retary and treasurer.
NEWARK FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Newark,
N. J. Chartered 181 1; capital, $500,000. A. R. Monroe, president;
Thomas L. Farquhar, vice-president and secretary ; Thomas D. Richard-
son, treasurer. Control of the company was acquired by the Royal of
I^iverpool in 19 17.
118
Cyclopedia of Insurance
NEW BRUNSWICK FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, of New
Brunswick, N. J., was organized in 1826. The charter authorizes the
company to transact fire, tornado, marine and sprinkler leakage insur-
ance. Chas. D. Ross, president; I. D. Clark, vice-president: £. B.
Wycoff, secretary and treasurer; W. R. Van Nostrand, assistant sec-
retary; Chas. W. Pierce, assistant treasurer.
NEWBURYPORT MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Newburyport, Mass. Organized 1829. William R. Johnson, presi-
dent; Greenleaf A. Johnson, secretary and treasurer.
NEW ENGLAND BUREAU OF UNITED INSPECTION. The
New England Bureau of United Inspection was organized at Boston
in December, 1887, for the purpose of making frequent and complete
surveys of important risks in New England, the reports to be furnished
to subscribing companies. The bureau is in charge of a governing com-
mittee of nine, the list being elected annually. OfF.ce, 71 Kilby Street,
Boston, Mass.
At the annual election held in Boston in February, 1922, the fol-
lowing officers were elected to serve for the ensuing year: F. E. Dun-
ham, chairman; Herman H. Kraemer, vice-chairman; J. Henry
Bourne, treasurer; M. F. Jones, manager. The governing committee
elected comprises, F. E. Dunham, Elliott G. Beardsley, Geo. H. Allen,
E. G. Pieper, Jos. E. Snell, E. C. Gilman, J. Henry Bourne, Herman
H. Kraemer and Wm. M. Wakeman, Jr.
The following are the subscribing companies:
Abeille Fire.
American Eagle Fire Insurance Co.
City of Pennsylvania.
Concordia Fire, Milwaukee.
Continental Insurance Co.
Fidelity-Pheniz Fire Insurance Co.
Firemen's Insurance Co.
Firemen's Underwriters.
Girard Fire and Marine Ins. Co.
Great Lakes, Chicago, 111.
Ins. Company of State of Pennsylvania.
London Assurance Corporation.
Mechanics Ins. Co.
Milwaukee Mechanics' Insurance Co.
The inspectors of the Bureau are: Geo. H. Robinson, William H.
Warner, F. H. Metcalf, T. V. Dalton, W. W. Morse, F. L. Aldrich,
I. G. Ross, H. C. Lilly, A. S. Gibbs, L. C. Colby, C. W. Cutler, K. T.
Cookingham, D. W. Jones, F. W. DeWaters, G. J. Malloy, W. E.
Hart.
The inspectors of the Bureau made inspections during the year to
the number of 6,943 and found defects as follows: construction, 508;
in hazards, 256; administration and special features, 274; electrical
equipment, 270; fire protection, 1,996; sprinkler systems 1,270; which
were corrected. Tests of fire apparatus and sprinkler systems to the
number of 3,936 were also made during the year.
National Liberty Insurance Co.
National Union Fire Insurance Co.
Nationale Fire Insurance Co. of Paris.
Netherlands, Fire & Life.
New Zealand.
North River Insurance Co.
Northwestern National Insurance Co.
Ohio Farmers.
Phenix Fire Insurance Co.. of Paris.
Rhode Island Insurance Co.
Union Fire Insurance Co.. of Paris.
United States Fire.
Yorkshire Insurance Co., Ltd.
Fire Insurance Section 119
NEW ENGLAND FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsfield,
Mass. Organized 1919; capital, paid in, $200,000. H. Calvin Ford,
president; Winthrop Murray Crane, vice-president; Carl B. Gale,
secretary. (Re-insurance business )
NEW ENGLAND INSURANCE EXCHANGE was organized
by special agents of fire insurance companies at Boston, January 6,
1883. Prior to this an3rthing like order or cohesion in rates in New
England, outside of Boston, was practically unknown, and very
few local boards were in existence. The first attempt to make
rates beyond the limits of Boston was in November, 1882, when a
meeting of special agents was held to consider paper mills. It re-
sulted in sending out a circular to companies asking them if they
would stand by a scheme of rates on this class of risks if they
were made, and forty-four companies answered that they would.
This success encouraged hope of a closer organization, and resulted
a few months later in the formation of the Exchange.
Membership in the organization is entirely personal and is open
to all persons whose principal occupation is the New England
field work of any stock fire insurance company. The objects of
the Exchange are declared by the constitution to be "the systematic
interchange of information and co-operation among field men."
The Exchange is a rating and supervising body. Its preliminary
work is mainly done through standing committees, of which there
are (April i, 192 1) six of the Exchange and 102 in charge of as many
localities in New England, all committees being composed of mem-
bers of the Exchange.
The jurisdiction of the Exchange covers New England with
the exception of Boston and Providence (which are controlled by
their Boards of Fire Underwriters) and the state of New Hamp-
shire (which has its own state board).
The presidents of the Exchange since organization have been
as follows: 1883, U. C. Crosby (two terms) ; 1885, George P. Field;
1886, George W. Taylor; 1887, Henry E. Hess; 1888, Henry R.
Turner; i^, Benjamin R. Stillman; 1890, Frank A. Colley; 1891,
U. C. Crosby (third term) ; 1892, Moses R. Emerson; 1893, Charles
B. Fowler; 1894, A. C. Adams; 1895, G. W. Hinkley; 1896, Wil-
liam H. Smith (two terms); 1898, F. A. Wetherbee; 1899, J. B.
Cornish ; 1900, (jcorge Neiley (two terms) ; 1902, G. A. Furness
(two terms) ; 1904, C. D. Palmer (two terms) ; 1906, G. T. For-
bush; 1907, F. A. Wetherbee (second term) ; 1908-9, Wm. F. Rice;
1910-11, J. W. Grover; 1912-13, A. K. Slade; 1914-15, A. B. Fowler;
1916-1917, Henry J. Ide; 1918-1919, F. H. Battilana; 1920-1921, W. H.
Winkley; 1922- 1923, A. M. Wood.
The secretaries have been: 1883, James Bruerton; 1884, Arthur
A. Clarke; 1888, Oliver P. Clarke; 1891, C. M. Goddard, 141 Milk
Street, Boston, Mass.
The present officers, elected at the annual meeting in January,
1922 are as follows: A. M. Wood, president; A. J. Weed, R. S. Howe,
120
Cyclopedia of Insurance
vice-presidents; C. M. Goddard, secretary and treasurer; Ralph
Sweet Iand» assistant secretary. The executive committee, M. G.
Wight, chairman, H. J. Hill, A. F. Howard, O. M. Howland, Sumner
Rhoades, J. E. Snell. Sumner Rhoades resigned in February and W.
H. Wart was elected a member of the executive committee to succeed
him.
The following is a list of the companies having representatives
as members of the organization :
Abeille.
iEtna.
Agricultural.
Albany.
Allemannla
Alliance Insurance.
American Alliance.
American Central.
American, N. J.
American Eagle.
American Underwriters' Agency.
Atlas, London.
Atwood
Automobile Fire.
Baltimore American.
Boston.
British- America.
Buffalo.
Caledonian.
Caledonian American.
California.
Camden.
Capital.
Citizens, St. Louis.
City of New York.
Cleveland National.
Colonial.
Columbia.
Commerce
Commercial Union, London.
Commercial Union, N. Y.
Commonwealth. -
Concordia.
Connecticut.
Continental.
County Fire.
Delaware Underwriters.
Detroit Fire and Marine.
Detroit National.
Duquesne.
Eagle-Star and British Dominion.
Eastern Underwriters.
Employers Fire.
English-American Underwriters.
Equitable Fire and Marine.
Exchange Underwriters
Farmers.
Federal, N. J.
Fidelity-Phenix.
Fire Association of Philadelphia.
Fire and Marine Underwriters
Firemen's Fund.
Firemen's, N. J.
Firemen's Underwriters.
Franklin Fire, Philadelphia.
General Fire.
Girard.
(Jlens Falls. New York.
Globe-Rutgers.
Granite State Fire.
Great American.
Great Lakes.
Hamilton.
Hand-in-Hand Underwriters.
Hanover Fire.
Hartford Fire.
Hibernia Underwriters.
Home, New York.
Home Fire & Marine, Cal.
Home Underwriters.
Hudson
Imperial.
Importers and Escporters.
Ins. Company of North America.
Ins. Co. State of Pennsylvania.
Interstate.
Jersey Underwriters.
Law, Union and Rock.
Liverpool and London and Globe.
London Assurance.
London and Lancashire.
London and Provincial.
Massachnsetts F. & M.
Mechanics.
Mechanics' and Traders', La.
Mercantile.
Mercantile Fire and Marine.
Michigan Fire and Marine.
Millers National.
Minnesota Underwriters.
Milwaukee Mechanics.
National, Hartford.
National- Ben Franklin.
National Liberty.
National Union.
Nationale Fire. Paris.
Netherlands, Fire and Life.
Newark.
New Hampshire Fire.
New Haven Underwriters' Agency.
New York Underwriters' Agency.
New Zealand.
Niagara Fire.
Niagara-Detroit Underwriters.
North British and Mercantile.
Northern, London.
Northern, New York.
North River.
Northwestern, Fire and Marine.
Northwestern National.
Norwich Union.
Ohio Farmers.
Fire Insurance Section
121
Cld Colony.
Orient, Hartford.
Palatine.
Patriotic.
Pennsylvania Fire.
People's National.
Philadelphia Underwriters.
Pheidx Underwriters.
Phoenix. Paris.
Phoenix, London.
Phoenix, Hartford.
Phoenix Underwriters.
Pittsburg Underwriters.
Potomac.
Providence Washington.
Queen, New York.
Reliance, Philadelphia.
Republic
Rhode Island.
Richmond
Rochester Department.
Royal, Liverpool.
Royal Exchange.
Safeguard
St. Paul Fire and Marine.
Scotch Underwriters.
Scottish Union and National.
Security, New Haven.
Springfield Fire and Marine.
Standard.
Star.
State, £nf.
Sterling.
Sun. London.
Superior, Pa.
Svea.
Tokio Marine & Fire.
Union Assurance.
Union, Paris.
Union Insurance Society of Canton,
China.
United-American, Pa.
United Firemen's.
United States.
United States Underwriters.
Urbaine.
Victory.
Virginia Fire and Marine.
Washington Underwriter's.
Westchester.
Western, Canada.
Yorkshire.
Each Local Board has a local secretary, and there are stamp clerks
in the following places: At Portland and Bangor covering the entire
State of Maine; at Burlington covering the State of Vermont; at
Lowell, Mass. for Lawrence and Lowell; Lynn, Mass.; Worcester,
Mass.; Newbury|X>rt, Mass.; at Salem, Mass. for Beverly and Salem;
at New Bedford, Mass. for Fall River and New Bedford; Berkshire
County, Mass.; at Springfield, Mass. for Franklin, Hampden and
Hampshire counties; at Boston for Metropolitan District and vicinity;
at Hartford and Bridgeport covering the State of Connecticut.
NEW HAMPSHIRE ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized August 2, 1899, and the ofhcers elected were:
President, Charles C. Hayes; secretary, A. J. Tuck; treasurer, L. C.
Merrill. The present officers, elected at the annual meeting in Novem-
ber, 1921, are: Philip C. Lockwood, Manchester, president; Louis C.
Merrill, Concord, N. H., secretary and treasurer; Chas. L. Hurley,
Lancaster, Arthur P. Morrill, Concord, Arthur L. Keyes, Milford, vice-
presidents; Dana W. Baker, Exeter, F. E. S. Barnes, Claremont,
A. B. Palmer, Keene, Geo. W. Kent, Lancaster, J. H. Laflamme, Man-
chester, executive committee.
NEW HAMPSHIRE BOARD OF UNDERWRITERS was
organized by the New Hampshire companies February 10, 1886, at
Concord, N. H. It is a rating and supervising organization. Its
presidents have been Oliver Pillsbury, from organization to Sep-
tember, 1886; S. B. Stearns, to March, 1894; A. F. Howard, to
1919. F. W. Sargeant, president; J. W. Emery, vice-president; L.
Clarner, Jr., 77 North Main St., Concord, N. H., secetary; Walter
Williamson, treasurer. Executive committee, F. W. Sargeant, chair-
man; L. C. Merrill, A. P. Morrill, J. W. Emery, Charles L. Jackman,
E- G. Leach, F. T. Jackman, C. W.Varney
122 Cyclopedia of Insurance
NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of
Manchester, N. H. Organized in 1869; capital, $2,000,000. Frank
W. Sargeant, president; Walter M. Parker, vice-president; Frank E.
Martin, Wm. B. Burpee, George A. French, Chas. E. Chase, secretaries;
Nathan P. Hunt, treasurer; Oilman McAlIaster, Victor E. Stevens,
George W. Swallow, assistant secretaries.
NEW INDIA INSURANCE COMPANY. Bombay, India,
entered the United States in 1920 to do a fire reinsurance business. Sum-
ner Ballard, United States Manager, 80 Maiden Lane, New York.
NEW JERSEY ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized at Trenton, N. J., in May, 1893, and the
following officers were elected: R. P. Conlon of Newark, president;
R. R. Miller of Camden, vice-president; and Irvin W. Rogers of
Trenton, secretary and treasurer. The present officers, elected in
February, 1021, are: A. W. Hicks, Summit, president; S. H. Calvert.
Asbury Park, secretary and treasurer; executive committee: Arthur
W. Hicks, chairman; T. C. Moffatt, T. Frank Appleby, H. G. Evans,
Arnold Rippe.
NEW JERSEY INSURANCE COMPANY, of Newark, N. J.
Organized 191 1; capital $1,000,000. Jacob R. Hall, president; Wm. F.
Birch, Franklin W. Fort, vice-presidents; James Y. Milne, secretar>"
C. V. Meserole, vice-president and fire manager; L. R. Bowden.
assistant manager; H. B. Lamy. Jr., fire secretary; L. P. Tremaine, and
R. Cholmeley Jones, assistant fire secretaries.
NEW LONDON COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Norwich. Conn. Organized 1840. H. H. Gallup,
president; W. F. Lester, secretary; A. L. Peale, assistant secretary;
W. H. Prothero, treasurer.
NEW ORLEANS INSURANCE EXCHANGE, New Orleans,
La. Organized 1914; incorporated 1915. The present officers,
elected in January, 1922, are: J. H. Bodenheimer, president; Harold
S. Mayer, vice-president; Henry F. Strack, treasurer; executive
committee: Harold S. Mayer, chairman; R. H. Colcock, Jr., M. J.
Hartson, Taylor Rowland, Wm. R. Railey, Charles Samuels and R.
Vallon. Linden F. Brand, secretary, 629 Common Street, New Orleans,
La.
NEW YORK BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was
organized May 8, 1868. [For an extended history of the New York
City associations of fire underwriters from 1819 to the present time
and of the present board, see the Cyclopedia of Insurance for 1891.I
At the annual meeting in May, 1922, the following officers were elected :
President, O. E. Lane; vice-president, Whitney Palache; secretary,
Bennett Ellison. 99 William Street. N. Y.; assistant secretary. Charles
Fire Insurance Section
123
\V. Sparks; treasurer, W. L. Chambers; assistant treasurer, W. M.
Ballard.
The following is a tabulated list of the officers of the New York
Board of Fire Underwriters from 1891 to the present time. [For list of
officers from organization to 189 1, see Cyclopedia for 19 10- 19 11.]
Years.
Presidents.
Vice-Presidents.
Secretaries.
189X
Samuel P. Blagden,
Elijah R. Kennedy.
William W. Henshaw.
X892
Elijah R. Kennedy,
John H. Washburn,
John H. Washburn,
W. De L. Boughton.
1893
Elijah R. Kennedy.
W. D€ L. Boughton.
z8o4
John H. Washburn,
Mason A. Stone.
W. De L. Boughton.
1895
John H. Washburn.
&lward F. BeddaU.
Mason A. Stqne,
A. M. Thorburn.
1896
J. Montgomery Hare,
A. M. Thorburn.
1897
Edward F. Beddall.
J. Montgomery Hare.
A. M. Thorburn.
X898
J. Montgomery Hare.
, ohn M. Whiton.
A. M. Thorburn.
1899
J. Montgomery Hare,
, ohn M. Whiton.
A. M. Thorburn.
1900
John M. Whiton,
John M. Whiton,
Marshall S. Driggs,
A. M. Thorburn.
1901
Marshall S. Driggs,
A. M. Thorburn.
1902
Marshall S. Driggs.
Benoni Lockwood.
A. M. Thorburn.
X903
Marshall S. Driggs.
Benoni Lockwood.
A. M. Thorburn.
1904
Benoni Lockwood.
W. W. Underhlll,
A. M. Thorburn.
190S
Benoni Lockwood.
W. W. Underbill,
A. M. Thorburn.
1906
Alexander H. Wray,
George W. BurcheU.
A. M. Thorburn.
1907
George W. Babb.
George C. Howe,
A. M. Thorburn.
190S
WUliam N. Kremer,
Henry W. Eaton,
A. M. Thorburn.
1909
William N. Kremer.
Henry W. Eaton,
A. M. Th6rbum.
X910
William N. Kremer.
Henry W. Eaton.
A. M. Thorburn.
19x1
Henry W. Eaton.
Harold Herrick.
A. M. Thorburn.
X9Z2
Heuy W. Eaton.
Harold Herrick.
A. M. Thorburn.
I9I3
Harold Herrick,
C. F. Shallcross.
A. M. Thorburn.
19x4
Harold Herrick.
C. F. Shalkross.
A. M. Thorburn.
19x5
C. F. Shallcross.
John H. Kelly.
A. M. Thorburn.
X9x6
C. F. Shallcross.
John H. Kelly,
Thomas A. Ralston.
A. M. Thorburn.
1917
R. Emory Warfield.
A. M. Thorburn.
X9x8
R. Emory Warfield.
Thomas A. Ralston.
A. M. Thorburn.
X919
Clarence A. Ludlum.
CurUs C. WayUnd.
X930
Clarence A. Ludlum.
Hugh R. Loudon.
Bennett Ellison.
IQ3I
Hugh R. Loudon.
0. E. Lane.
Bennett Ellison.
The treasurers of the board have been : Qiarles H. Birney, 1858-
1866 ; Martin L. Crowell, 1867 ; Marcus F. Hodges, 1868-1881 ; Mar-
tin L. Crowell, 1882-1883; Wm. A. Anderson, 1884-1888; William
M. St. John, i8iS9-i890 ; Lindley Murray, Jr., 1890-1906 ; A. M. Thor-
burn, 1907-1919; Willard L. Chambers, 1920-1922.
NEW YORK FIRE INSURANCE EXCHANGE. [For an
account of the causes which led to the organization of this body,
March 8, 1899, and for the full text of the agreement upon which
it was based, see the Cyclopedia of Insurance for 1898-99.] The
present officers of the Exchange, who were elected at the annual
meeting in March, 1922, are as follows: N. S. Bartow, Queen, presi-
dent; Hart Darlington, Norwich Union, vice-president; Willard L.
Chambers, North British and Mercantile, secretary and treasurer.
The manager of the Exchange is W. O. Robb, who assumed the
duties of his office July i, 1910, and Edward R. Hardy is assistant
manager. Address is 123 William Street, New York, N. Y.
124 Cyclopedia of Insurance
NEW YORK FIRE PATROL. The present eflFectivc organi-
zation known as the New York Fire Patrol was created by the New
York Board of Fire Underwriters under the authority of the charter
granted to the board by the legislature in 1867, but it was preceded
by organizations having substantially the same purposes as far back
as thirty-two years. In 1835 the Association of Fire Insurance
Companies employed four men whose duty it was to attend all
fires and protect the interests of fire underwriters by preserving
property exposed to fire and damage by water. They received a
salary of $250 per annum each. In 1839 the association employed
forty men as a fire police in the mercantile district. The men
were firemen or ex-firemen, and wore red fire caps. They gave
the alarm to each other by means of whistles and rattles. The
first covers for the protection of merchandise from water were
used in 1845. George T. Hope was chairman of the fire patrol com-
mittee in 1853, and was instrumental in the preparation of the first
code of rules placed in the hands of every member of the force.
A second patrol company was organized in 1855, a third in 1867, the
fourth in 1876, fifth in 1893, a sixth in 1901, and a seventh in 1906.
The patrol was and continues to be under the government of
the committee on fire patrol of the board, elected annually. E^ch
company is fully equipped and motorized. The force consists of 217
officers and men, composed of a superintendent, officers and men. The
whole force is under the immediate command of Superintendent James
O. Schwank.
The committee on fire patrol elected at the last annual meeting
of the board, in May, 1922, is as follows: B. M. Culver, Charles H.
Post, C. L. Tyner, C. V. Meserole, E. E. Pearce, J. G. Hilllard and
Wallace Reid; ex officio members: O. E. Lane, president; Whitney
Palache, vice-president; and W. L. Chambers, treasurer, respectively,
of the New York Board of Fire Underwriters.
NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL AGENTS
INC., was organized by representatives of local boards in the state
of New York, outside the metropolitan district, at a meeting held
at Syracuse, March 22, 1893. The first title adopted was " New York
State Association of Local Boards of Fire Underwriters." The pres-
ent title was adopted at the annual meeting in 1916. The constitution
states the purpose of the association to be the " promotion of har-
mony in underwriting, the protection of our interests, and those of our
companies in our several territories, and the securing of united action
in such direction as may be required to obtain these results." The
officers chosen at this meeting were: M. G. Thompson, of Utica, presi^
dent; James E. Reed, of Warsaw; C. T. Goodrich, of Newburgh; and
H. B. Boss, of Binghamton, vice-presidents; William T. Ford, of Co-
hoes, secretary; John L. Getman, of Gloversville, treasurer. The
present officers, elected at the annual meeting held in June, 192 1, are:
President, Frank L. Gardiner; vice-president, S. Carlisle Goodrich.,
Newburg; secretary and treasurer, Eugene A. Beach, 514 McCarthy
Building, Syracuse.
Fire Insurance Section 125
NEW YORK STATE FIRE LNSURANCE COMPANY.
ALjBANY, N. Y. Organized 1836; capital, $200,000. A. Page
Smith, president; Noel S. Bennett, vice-president; J. Allen Warner,
secretary. The company was organized as the Mutual Fire Insurance
Company of Albany, but re-organized as a stock company, November i,
1921 and adopted its'present title.
NEW YORK UNDERWRITERS AGENCY, THE, was estab-
lished by Alexander Stoddart, January i, 1864, to transact the agency
business of certain fire insurance companies. These were succeeded on
January i, 1894, by the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, under a
permanent arrangement whereby the policies of the Hartford Fire are
issued through the New York Underwriters Agency. The New York
Underwriters Agency does business throughout the whole United
States and Canada, and its management, agency plant and lines remain
entirely separate and distinct from those of the Hartford. It is under
the management of A. & J. H. Stoddart, general agents, No. 100 William
Street, New York.
NEW ZEALAND INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, Auck-
land, N. Z., began business on the Pacific Coast in 1875. W. M. Speyer,
manager, 330-340 California Street, San Francisco; H. E. Kempt home,
manager, no William Street, New York, N. Y.
NIAGARA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. THE, of New
York. Organized 1850. Capital, $2,000,000. Otho E. Lane, presi-
dent; B. M. Culver and W. L. Steele, vice-presidents; Charles A.
Lung, secretary; Walter W. Richey, treasurer; Henry J. Zechlin,
Myles Walsh, James G. Maconachy, Joseph H. Macfarlane, and Henry
J. Houge, assistant secretaries. (123 William Street).
NIPPON FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd., Tokio. Japan.
Organized 1892. Entered the United States in 1919 for re-insurance
business. Fester, Fothergill & Hartung, United States managers,
no William Street, New York, N. Y.
NON-CONCURRENT POLICIES — APPORTIONMENT. It
is hardly within the scope of this work to enter into a discussion of a
subject which has been one of the most perplexing with which adjusters
have to deal. The courts have pretty generally taken the view that
companies may adopt any adjustment satisfactory to themselves so
that it does not deprive the insured of his protection, or fail to fully
indemnify him for his loss. It has been difficult, if not impossible,
to make a rule that will meet the requirement in all cases, and many
of the so-called rules have been made to meet particular cases. In
the eastern states, as Mr. Griswold puts it, the matter is " left to the
individual adjuster to adopt such methods as may seem most advan-
tageous for his own company." Mr. Griswold gives nine different
rules for adjusting specific and compound insurance. The " Reading "
the " Finn, which was the production of Mr. Finn, secretary of the
Long Island Insurance Company; the '* Albany," which is credited
126 Cyclopedia of Insurance
to Mr. Heaid, president of the Home Insurance Company; Rule IV,
which is attributed to Henrv A. Oakley; Rule V, with no author;
Rule VI, attributed to Mr. hope; Rule VII, Rule VIII, which Mr.
Griswold names the rule of proportion; and Rule IX, the English
rule. On the Pacific Coast the " Kinne " rule, so-called from its
author, Mr. C. Mason Kinne, was adopted by the Fire Underwriters'
Association of the Pacific in 1885 and being general in scope has been
put into effect throughout the association's jurisdiction.
The principle governing all apportionments of non-concurrent
policies is, that general and special insurances must be regarded as
co-insurances; and general insurance must float over and contribute
to loss on all subjects under its protection, in the proportions of the
respective losses thereon, until the insured is indemnified, or the pol-
icy exhausted.
The correct method of applying the principle of the Kinne rule
has been formulated in the following statement:
First — Ascertain the non-concurrence of the various policies and classify the
various items covered into as many groups as the non-concurrence demands, whether
of property, location or ownership.
Second — Ascertain loss on such groups of items separately.
Third — If but a single group is found with a loss upon it, the amount of all
policies covering the group contribute pro rata.
Fourth — If more than one group has sustained a loss, and such loss on one or
more groups be equal to or greater than the totals of general and specific insurance
thereon, then let the whole amount of such insurance apply to the payment of leas
on such groups.
Fifth — If more than one group has sustained a loss, and such loss be less thstn
the totals of unexhausted general and specific insurance thereon, then apportion the
amount of each policy covering on such groups generally, to cover specifically on su^
groups, in the same proportion that the sum of the losses on such groups bears to
the loss on each individual group.
Note — When a group is covered by one or more general policies, it would be
well to see at once if an apportionment as above on that group would equal the loss
as in case it will not. it will show, without further calculation, that the whole amount
of loss on such group must be met by such policies pro rata, and the remainder only
apportioned. In such cases, carrying out Step 6 simply accomplishes by a longer
process what here is indicated.
Sixth — If the loss on any group or groups is then found to be greater than the
sum of the now specific insurances as apportioned, add sufficient to such specific in-
surances to make up the loss on the group, taking the amount of the deficiency from
the now specific insurance of the heretofore general amounts previously covreing the
now deficient groups, which cover on groups having an excess of insurance, in the pro-
portion that their sums bear to their individual amounts.
Note — Very rarely are new deficiencies created by the re-apportionment, but
if so, simply repeat Step 6.
Seventh — Cause the amounts of all the now specific insurances to severally
contribute pro rata to pay the partial losses, and it will be found that the whole scheme
has resulted in the claimant being fully indemnified in accordance with the various
contracts and on a basis which preserves the equities between the com[>aniea through-
out.
NORDISK RE-INSURANCE COMPANY, Copenhagen. Den-
mark. Entered the United States in 1919. Paul E. Rasor, United
States manager, New York, N. Y.
Fire Insurance Section 127
NORFOLK MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Dedham, Mass. Organized 1825. James Y. Noyes, president and
treasurer; Theodore T. Marsh, secretary.
NORSKE LLOYD INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., of Chris-
tiania, Norway, 27 William Street, New York, N. Y. Entered the
United States in 1916 for re-insurance business, but retired in 1921.
NORTH AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY.
Des Moines, Iowa. Oi]eanized 1918; present name adopted in 1921;
cash capital $589,667. O. P. Ode, president; John Peterson, secretary.
NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE
COMPANY of Edinburgh and London had its beginning in the
North British of Edinburgh, founded in 1809 to do a fire insurance
business. A life insurance department was added in 1823. Mr.
Bostwick was the first manager, and he was succeeded by David
Smith, a "writer to the Signet," a man of great ability and un-
tiring energy. In 1861, after the great Tooley Street fire in Lon-
don, a new fire company was established in that city, by prominent
merchants, under the name of the Mercantile Insurance Company,
which at once took a strong position. In 1862 the two companies
agreed to amalgamate, establishing a general court of directors,
divided into two sections, with chief officers in Edinburgh and
London, the latter giving special attention to the large foreign con-
nections; for the company has agencies and branches over the
entire world.
The present subscribed capital of the company is £4,500,000, and
the cash capital, £2,437,500. The fire funds at the close of 192
amounted to £7,253,479.9.5 — , and total assets of £29,720,708.14.2.
The company entered the United States August 16, 1866. Ezra
White, an experienced underwriter, was selected ds manager, and
his son, Charles E. White, as assistant manager. The head office
of the company was at 74 Wall Street, and its first local board of
directors was composed of Charles H. Dabney, chairman; Solon
Humphreys, Aymar Cater, David Dows, Egisto P. Fabbri, Simeon
B. Chittenden, and Shepard Gandy. Its present head office is 76 Wil-
liam Street, New York, N. Y.
The present United States Branch Management is as follows:
board of directors; Wm. Pierson Hamilton, chairman; Edward J.
Berwind, (Berwind White Coal Mining Co.) ; Walter Douglas (Phelps
Dodge Corp.) ; Adrian Iselin (A. Iselin&Co.); Frederic A. Juilliard
(A. D. Juilliard & Co.); Frederic J. Middlebrook (Middlebrook &
Borland); Jesse Isidor Straus (R. H. Macy & Co., Inc.); George E.
Tumure (Lawrence Turnure & Co.); Cornelius Vanderbilt. Cecil F.
Shallcross, U. S. manager; C. E. Case, C. R. Perkins, W. S. Alley, G.
H. Batchelder, R. P. Barbour, assistant managers; H. J. Thomsen,
secretary.
128 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The business written in the United States covers the following
classes, fire, lightning, windstorm, ocean and inland marine, automobile,
rain, explosion, riot, civil commotion and invasion, leakage, aircraft,
earthquake, hail, crops, water daniage and weather. In the 56 years
that tne company has transacted business in the United States it has
paid therein in fire losses over $94,000,000. It was involved to the ex-
tent of $2,330,000 in the Chicago fire of 187 1, $742,067.56 in the Boston
fire of 1872; $857,000 in the Baltimore fire of 1904, and in San Francisco,
over $4,000,000, all of which losses were promptly met by funds from the
home office. Its losses in the Jacksonville conflagration in 1901,
amounting to $171,363.47, were paid from its United States funds,
making a total of $7,771,897.58 paid for losses by the foregoing con-
flagrations, thus establishing the character and strength of the com-
pany firmly in the minds of the American people.
NORTH CAROLINA HOME INSURANCE COMPANY,
Raleigh, N. C. Organized 1868; capital, $400,000. Alexander Webb,
president; John F. Bruton, vice-president; George P. Folk, sec-
retary.
NORTH CAROLINA STATE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Rocky Mount, N. C, organized 191 8; capital $50,000. M, R. Bras-
well, president; Dr. G. L. Wimberly, Jr., vice-president; J. C. Bras-
well, treasurer; W. S. Wilkinson, secretary and general manager.
NORTH CHINA INSURANCE COMPANY. Limited, Shanghai,
China, (Marine). Frank H. Cauty, United States manager. New York,
N" Y., 27 William Street.
NORTHERN ASSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, of London,
England. Organized 1836. Entered the United States in 1854.
A. G. Martin, general attorney in the United States and manager
for the Eastern and Southern States; J. V. Lane, C. W. Cooper, assis-
tant managers, 55 John Street; J. C. Corbet, Chicago, 111., manager
for Western and Pacific states; H. D. Lewis, assistant manager.
NORTHERN INSURANCE CpMPANY of New York. Or-
ganized 1897; capital, $500,000. William Brewster, president; James
Marshall, secretary; Theodore Plessner, assistant secretary; Willard
S. Brown & Co., general managers, 83 Maiden Lane, New York,
N. Y.
NORTH RIVER INSURANCE COMPANY, New York City;
no William Street. Organized 1822; capital, $2,000,000. John A.
Forster, president; J. Lester Parsons, vice-president; Rudolph O.
Haubold, second vice-president; James H. Ackerman, third vice-
president; David G. Wakeman, secretary.
Fire Insuiiance Section 129
NORTHWESTERN ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSUR-
ANCE COMPANIES. Organized in March, 1919, by representatives
of mutual fire insurance companies of Minnesota, North Dakota and
South Dakota. Mutual companies of Iowa and Wisconsin are also
included in the membership. The present officers elected in February
1922, are: W. D. Austin, Fargo, North Dakota, president; Thos. G.
McCracken, Minneapolis, Minn., vice-president; H. L. Hjermstad,
Red Wing, Minnesota, treasurer; O. M. Thurber, Owatonna, Minne-
sota, secretary.
NORTHWESTERN FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minn. Organized in 1899 under the laws
of North Dakota, and reorganized under Minnesota laws in 1906;
capital, (400,000. John H. Griffin, president; E. C. Warner, Isaac
Hazlett, G. W. Buffington, vice-presidents; Wm. Collins, secretary
and treasurer; Oscar J. Eastman, J. B. Berkvam, assistant secretaries;
L. B. Van De Wall, assistant treasurer.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL FIRE ASSOCIATION, Seattle,
Wash. Organized 1901. F. J. Martin, president; H.K. Dent, Howard
Seabury, F. A. Ernst, vice-presidents; M. D. L. Rhodes, secretary;
Jno. C. Keith, treasurer; Corwin S. Shank, counsel.
NORTHWESTERN NATIONAL INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Milwaukee, Wis. Organized 1860; capital, $1,000,000.
Alfred F. James, president; Wilfiam D. Reed, vice-president; Joseph
Aubel, second vice-president; Lubin M. Stuart, secretary; Herman
H. Schmidt, assistant secretary.
NORWEGIAN ASSURANCE UNION, LTD., of Christiania,
Norway. The company discontinued business in the United States in
1921.
NORWEGIAN ATLAS INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD.
Wcmple & Company, Inc., 15 William Street, New York, N. Y. United
States general agents, fire branch; Northern Underwriting Agency,
United States managers, 56 Beaver Street, New York. (Reinsurance
business only.)
NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY, LTD.
This society was established in 1797 at Norwich, England. Its prime
mover was Thomas Bignold. It was organized upon the mutual
plan and was known as the Union Fire Office until 1821, when it
was reorganized upon a stock basis, taking over the business of the
Norwich General Assurance Office, a stock company. It was at
this time the title, Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society, was adopted.
The capital was $550,000. In 1879, ^^^ society was again reorganized,
and the capital increased to £1,100,000 and its term extended to 1,000
130 Cyclopedia of Insuranxe
years from 1881. In 1908 it was reincorporated as a limited company.
Its officers are: Chairman, Sir Gerald Ryan; general manager, R. Y.
Sketch.
The society entered the United States in 1877. Its American
assets are $5,814,416, and surplus, $1,669,260. It does business in
all the states and territories of the Union, excepting Arkansas and
Delaware. Its head office for the United States is at 75 Maiden Lane,
New York; Hart Darlington, manager; J. F. Van Riper, branch
secretary; United States Trustees: Central Union Trust Company,
New York. Its Pacific Coast department is managed by J. L. Fuller,
234-236 Sansome Street, San Francisco, Cal. The society also does
business in the Dominion of Canada, where it is represented by John B.
Laidlaw, manager, Toronto, and in Cuba, Porto Rico, Phillippines,
South America, Mexico and also in Europe, India, China, Japan and
Africa.
o
OCEAN MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, London, Eng.
W. L. H. Simpson, attorney and manager, New York.
OFFICIAL CHANGES IN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES
IN 1 92 1. The official changes in 192 1 were as follows:
Atlantic City Fire, Atlantic City, N. J.— James T. Bcw, elected vice-prraident; Charles
E. Schroeder appointed acting secretary.
Baltimore American, Baltimore, Md. — Louis Huether, Jr., elected vice-president;
Edward J. Cook, secretary and Fred Wehrenberg, Jr., assistant secretary.
Boston and Old Colony Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. — J. Louis Ivison, appointed
manager of the automobile department.
Capital Fire, Sacramento. Cal.— Rolla V. Wall, elected president; F. B. Kellam vice-
president and E. H. Farr, secretary.
Central States Fire. Wichita, Kansas. — Henry C. Whalen, appointed chairman of the
board of directors; Roy E. Eblen, elected president. (Control of company
secured by Phoenix Fire of Hartford).
Columbian National Fire, Lansing, Mich.— W. D. Lawrence, elected secretary to
succeed J. E. Murphy resigned.
Concordia Fire, Milwaukee. Wis.— August J. Luedke, elected vice-president.
Continental, New York.— Homer H. Rees resigned as counsel.
Federal Insurance Company, Jersey City, N. J.— George B. Ogden and William A.
Hamilton, elected vice-presidents, Thomas J. Goddard, secretary.
Fireman's. Newark, N. J.— Walter J. Schmidt. William Werner and Henry I. Willet,
appointed assistant secretaries; Charles W. Payne appointed assistant treasurer.
Guardian Fire, Salt Lake City.— Harrison E. Jenkins resigned as manager.
Imperial Assurance, New York.— H. W. Ellis elected vice-president to succeed Hart
Darlington resigned.
Iroquois Fire, Chicago, III.— C. A. Farwell elected assistant secretary.
Liberty Fire, St. Louis. Mo.— Charles L. Hecox, resigned as secretary and underwriter.
Liverpool and London and Globe.— C. E. Allan appointed manager Pacific Coast,
department.
London Assurance Corporation.— John H. Packard appointed United States manager
to succeed Charles L. Case, deceased.
National Fire Hartford.— G. F. Cowee and R. M. Anderson appointed as assistant
secretaries.
National Liberty, New York.— M. J. Averbeck, chairman board of directors; Charles
H. Coates elected president to succeed H. R. Clough. resigned. Louis Pfingstag,
elected vice-president and secretary; William H. Frank, secretary, and George
Harrington, F. H. Shifner and Charles H. Uhlig, assistant secretaries. H. R.
Clough elected president but later resigned and G. H. Kehr resigned as secretary.
National Security Fire, Omaha.— A. J. Love elected president succeeding P. F. Leman.
Northern Assurance, London.— Everett W. Nourse appointed assistant United States
manager.
North British and Mercantile.— Robert P. Barbour appointed assistant United States
manager in charge of the Western department. H.J. Thomsen appointed secretary.
Norwich Union Assurance Society.— Hart Darlington appointed United States manager,
to succeed J. Montgomery Hare and William Hare, retired as manager and assist-
ant manager respectively.
Pacific Fire. New York, N. Y.— Henry B. Lamy, Jr. elected vice-president and secre-
tary; Lawrence P. Tremaine, elected secretary and Henry M. Camp, elected
assistant secretary. 1
132 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Pennyslvania Fire, Commonwealth and Mercantile, New York.— G. H. Bachelder,
former Western manager, appointed vice-president, and also assistant manager
North British and Mercantile; F. H. Sabin appointed general agent, Chicago.
Scottish Union and National.— Thomas R. Fletcher appointed assistant secretary.
Star Insurance Company, New York.— Thomas H. Anderson elected president, and
C. A. Nottingham, vice-president.
United States Fire, New York.— J. Lester Parsons elected president to succeed George
R. Branson, resigned.
Urbalne and Eagle, Star and British Dominions. — Carroll L. DeWitt; P. A. Cosgrove
and O. F. Wallin, appointed assistant United States managers.
OHIO ASSOCIATION OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was
or^nized in 191 2 by field men of Ohio representing companies
members of the Western Insurance Bureau. Officers were elected
as follows: President, N. T. Julian, Agricultural; vice-president,
Lester E. Cate; secretary, D. C. Morgan, Reliance. The present
officers elected in December, 192 1, are: D. C. Morgan, Insurance Com-
pany State of Pennsylvania, president; R. D. Cooke, National Liberty,
vice-president; E. A. Flickner, Republic Fire, 233 S. High St., Colum-
bus, secretary and treasurer.
OHIO ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE AGENTS
was organized in February, 1897, with Merwin Jackson president;
A. W. Neale and F. C. McElroy, vice-presidents; C. W. Bryson,
secretary; and W. J. Eilber, treasurer. The present officers, elected
at the annual meeting in June 1921, are: President, A. L. Clemons;
L.' L. D. Chapman, vice-president; W. H. Tomlinson, secretary and
treasurer.
OHIO FARMERS' INSURANCE COMPANY, Lc Roy, Ohio.
Organized 1848 (Mutual). F. H. Hawley, president; W. E. Haines,
secretary; N. R. Chalfant, assistant secretary; J. W. Crooks, treasurer.
OHIO MILLERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Canton, O. Organized 1886. Wm. H. Clark, president and
treasurer; Wm. N. Reed, secretary; L. C. Alexander, assistant secre-
tary; C. F. Altekruse, assistant treasurer.
OHIO MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, THE. Salem, Ohio.
Organized 1876. J. R. Vernon, president; L. H. Brush, vice-president;
J. Ambler, secretary.
OHIO UNDERWRITERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY, Van Wert, Ohio. Organized, 1903. C. M. Purmort,
secretary.
OHIO VALLEY FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Paducah, Ky. Organized 19 14; cash capital, $180,000. F. M.
Fisher, president; R. G. Fisher, vice-president and secretary; R.
E. Cooper, vice-president ; O. C. Cloy 's, treasurer.
Fire Insurance Section
133
OIL INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, 209 W. Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, 111. Organized in 19 18 by fire insurance companies to insure
oil properties and along same lines as that followed by the factory
insurance associations. The officers are: John H. Carr, Hartford,
president; Neal Bassett, Firemens of Newark; C. A. Ludlum, Home,
X. Y., vice-presidents; J. C. Harding, Springfield Fire and Marine,
secretary; executive committee: George H. Bell, National of Hartford;
Ralph B. Ives, iEtna, Chicago; C. R. Tuttle, Insurance Co. of North
American, Chicago; C. E. Case, North British & Mercantile, New
York City; W. P. Robertson, Alliance, Chicago, 111., and the officers.
H. M. Carmichael is manager and H. C. Seitz, assistant manager.
The following is the membership roll.
iEtna. Hartford. Conn.
Alliance, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Alliance. N. Y.
American Eagle.. N. Y.
American, Newark.
American Central. St. Louis.
Atlas. London.
Automobile., Hartford
Boston, Boston
Camden Fire, Camden.
Citizens, St. Louis.
Columbia. New Jersey.
Commonwealth, New York.
Commercial Uiiion, London.
Connecticut Fire, Hartford
Continental, New York.
FideUty-Phenlx.
Fire and Marine Underwriters, Hartford.
Firemans Fund, San Francisco, Cal.
Firemen's, Newark.
Firemen's Underwriters, Newark.
Franklin, Philadelphia. Pa.
Girard F. & M., Philadelphia. Pa.
Glens Falls. Glens Falls, N. Y.
Great American, New York.
Hanover, New York.
Hartford, Hartford.
Home Fire and Marine, San Francisco.
Home, New York.
Hudson. New York.
Imperial, New York.
Ins. Co. of N. America. Philadelphia. Pa.
Insurance Co. of State of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pa.
iersey Fire Underwriters. Newark,
.iverpool & London & Globe, Liverpool
Mechanics, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mercantile, New York.
National, Hartford Conn.
National Union, Pittsburgh.
New Hampshire, Manchester, N. H.
New York Underwriters' Agency, N. Y.
Niagara Fire, New York.
North British & Mercantile. London
Norwich Union, Norwich
Palatine, London.
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia Underwriters.
Phoenix, London.
Phoenix, Hartford, Conn.
Queen, New York.
Reliance, Philadelphia.
Royal, Liverpool.
Scottish Union & National. Edinburgh
Security, New Haven. Conn.
St. Paul Fire & Marine. St. Paul, Minn.
Springfield Fire & Marine, Springfield.
Sun, London.
Svea Fire and Life, Sweden.
Union, London.
Union, China.
OKLAHOMA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized in 1900 and reorganized in 1908. The pres-
ent officers, elected at the annual meeting in November 1921, are:
J. Stewart Pearce, Tulsa, Okla., president; M. L. Bragdon, Muskogee,
Okla., V. W. Snyder, Holdenville, Okla., Ray Babbitt, Lawton, Okla.,
vice-presidents; D. A. Mullen, Tulsa, Okla., secretary and treasurer;
executive committee: Harry A. Pierson, chairman, Shawnee, Jno. F.
McCullough, Oklahoma City, V. G. Houston, Guthrie, C. F. McCul-
lough, Yale, Jay H. Mullen, Bartlesville, W. L. Dickey, Tulsa, Chas.
P. Cansler, Enid, Dave Stoval, Hugo, Guy Woodman, Elk City, Jack
Thayer, Blackwell, Chas. Brice, McAlester.
134 Cyclopedia of Insurance
OLD BAY STATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Concord. Mass.
Organized 1919; capital $200,000. Prescott Keyes, president; C. F.
Bowers, secretary.
OLD COLONY INSURANCE COMPANY, Boston. Mass.
Organized 1906: capital $1,000,000. William R. Hedge, president;
E. Winchester, Henry R. Hedge and I. Lloyd Greene, vice-presidents;
John P. Morgan, secretary; William J. Chisholm, and John M. Eaton,
M. M. Veazie, assistant secretaries (87 Kilby Street.)
OMAHA LIBERTY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Omaha,
Neb. Organized in 1919; capital, paid-in, $250,000. P. F. Zimmer,
president; R. J. Wachter, secretary, Samuel Patterson, treasurer; John
A. Wachter and Geo. J. Adams, vice-presidents.
ORIENT INSURANCE COMPANY, of Hartford, Conn.
Organized 187 1; capital, $1,000,000. A. G. Mcllwaine, president;
Henry W. Gray, Jr., vice-president; A. H. Murphy, secretary.
p
PACIFIC COAST AUTOMOBILE UNDERWRITERS CON-
FERENCE. The present officers, elected in October, 1921, are: Adam
Gilliland, Hartford Fire, president; Ray Decker, Home, vice-president;
Lloyd S. Day, manager; RoUa Fay, Automobile, Conn., treasurer;
executive committee, William Deans, Hanover, McClure Kelly, North
America, Adam Gilliland, Hartford, Ray Decker, Home, Rolla Fay,
Automobile of Hartford, D. E. Kessler, Employers Fire, B. E. Dowell,
Commercial Union, C. E. Allon, Liverpool and London and Globe,
E. C. F. Knowles, Phoenix of London, A. T. Bailey, North British and
Mercantile, C. C. Wright, Fireman's Fund.
PACIFIC FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y.
(59 John Street). Organized 1851; capital, $400,000. C. V. Meserole,
president; L. R. Bowden, M. A. Stone, vice-presidents; H. B. Lamy,
Jr., vice-president and secretary; L. P. Tremaine, secretary; R.
Cholmeley- Jones and Henry M. Camp, Jr., assistant secretaries.
PACIFIC NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Sacramento, Cal. Organized 1914; capital, $250,000. G. W. Pel-
tier, president; L. M. Ware, first vice-president and manager; W. F.
Gromley and R. T. Melton, vice-presidents; B. F. Vandenberg, Jr.,
secretary and treasurer.
PACIFIC STATES FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Portland.
Ore. Organized 1909; capital, paid in $300,000. T. H. Williams,
president; W. L. Thompson, vice-president; O. R. Jeffress, secretary;
L. G. Clarke, treasurer.
PALATINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, of London,
England. United States manager is Whitney Palache; F. W. Koeckert,
assistant manager; and Wm. M. Ballard, branch secretary. 114 Fifth
Avenue, New York City, N. Y.
Palatine Insurance Company closed the year 1921 with: —
A«ets $4,997,637.58
Net Surplus 1,566,805.37
Premium Income 2,927,883
PALMETTO FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sumter, S. C.
Organized 1912; capital, $400,000. I. C. Strauss, president; D. D.
Moise and Neill O'Donnell, vice-presidents; Perry Moses, secretary
and manager; S. C. Roper, treasurer; T. B. Candle and W. W. Mclver,
assistant secretaries.
136 Cyclopedia of Insuranxe
PAPER MILL MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Bos-
ton, Mass. Organized 1887. D. W. Lane, president and treasurer;
H. W. Mason, vice-president; G. H. Gibson, secretary and assistant
treasurer; J. E. Stanley, assistant secretary.
PATERNELLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Limited.
Paris, France. E. G. Snow. Jr., United States Manager, New York, N.Y.
PATRIOTIC ASSURANCE COMPANY. THE, of Dublin, Ire-
land, was organized in 1824 to supply fire insurance to Ireland. The
company prospered and its field of operations was extended, first to
England and later to more distant points. Continued success led to
the purchase of a controlling interest by the Sun Insurance Office of
London, the oldest insurance company in the world. That was early
in the present century, and in 19 13, the Patriotic was reorganized with
a paid-up cash capital of £100,000 in place of the original organization
under the Limited Liability Act with 125^ per cent paid up. Thus
equipped, with $500,000 capital, the company was admitted in the
latter part of 19 15 to transact business in New York and other states
of the union, the purpose being to do a general fire insurance business
throughout the United States. The statement made to the New York
Insurance Department as of December 31, 1921, shows $1,013,730
assets and a net surplus of $500,020.
The United States manager of the Sun Insurance Office, Preston
T. Kelsey, is also United States manager of the Patriotic. 54 Pine
Street, New York, N. Y.
PATROL, CHICAGO FIRE INSURANCE, was organized in
1 87 1, and is under the management of the Chicago Board of Under-
writers. The patrol committee of the board is composed of C. R.
McCabe, chairman; J. J. Van Every, vice-chairman; W. F. Rollo, T. E.
Gallagher, James Witkowsky, A. O. Burdick, W. R. Townley, J. B.
Nowakowsky secretary. The force consists of one hundred and
twenty-eight men, divided into eight companies.
E. T. Shepherd is superintendent of the corps, with headquarters
at 179 West Monroe Street.
Company No. i was organized October 2, 1871. The present
officers of the company are: Ahthony Golden, captain ; George H. Kane,
lieutenant. Company No. 2. was organized August 3, 1875. W. Sted-
man is captain, and Joseph Eggstein, lieutenant. Company No. 3 was
organized May 11, 1889. The present officers are: Chas. Beibei,
captain; lieutenant, John Steinke. Company No. 4, known as the
"Union Stock Yards Chemical Company," was organized January 26,
1882. The officers are: William Enright, captain ; Wm. Older, lieutenant.
Company No. 5 was organized March i, 1892; Thomas Gallagher, cap-
tain; Stephen N. Gaul, lieutenant. Company No. 6 was organized
December i, 1893. John Culien, captain; William Fisher, lieutenant.
Company No. 7 was organized August 24, 1901 ; Edward Reilly, cap-
tain; R. K. Dalluge, lieutenant. Company No. 8 was organized May
30,1903; F. P. Doherty, captain; W.J. Foy, lieutenant. James Wheat-
on, fire reporter.
Fire Insurance Section 137
The following tabular statement of losses by fire insurance com-
Snies in Chicago in 192 1, was made from the returns of the fire patrol
' the year ending December 31, 192 1:
Month Loeaes
January $985,685.80
February 635,487 33
March 3,182,272.9a
April 602.249.78
May 924.526.55
June 785,803.62
July 998,874-47
August 501,407-34
September 608,540.54
October 992,866.72
November 998,904.81
December x.245,65940
Last six month's estimated $11,462,278.38
PATRONS FIRE RELIEF ASSOCIATION, THE, Kingston.
R. I. Organized 1901. Isaac L. Sherman, president; P. H. Wes-
sels, secretary.
PAWTUCKET MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Pawtucket, R. I. Incorporated 1848. A. A. Mann, president and
treasurer; Frank Bishop, secretary.
PENINSULAR FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERI-
CA, Grand Rapids, Mich. Organized 1919; capital, paid-in, $899,850.
The company was placed in liquidation in 192 1.
PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS
was organized August 23, 1900, with the following officers: President,
W. B. Flickinger; vice-president, L. E. Johns; second vice-president,
Fred G. Clark; third vice-president, N. H. Pangborn; secretary and
treasurer, D. F. Collingwood. The present officers, are: President, Leo
Schlaudecker, Erie; secretary and treasurer, H. M. Bird, Union Trust
building, Harrisburg.
PENNSYLVANIA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE.
510 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. Organized 1825; capital, $750,000,
Cecil F. Shallcross, president; C. E. Case, C. R. Perkins, W. S. Alley,
G. H. Batchelder, R. P. Barbour, vice-presidents; H. J. Thomsen,
secretary and treasurer.
PENNSYLVANIA LUMBERMEN'S MUTUAL FIRE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1895. Edward F.
Benson, president; Richard Torpin, vice-president; Wm. Henry
Smedley. seeond vice-president; Harry Humphreys, secretary; James
S. Young, treasurer; Archibald Kellock, assistant treasurer; Justin
Peters, manager and assistant secretary; H. J. Pelstring, assistant man-
ager, 806 Lafayette Building.
138 Cyclopedia of Insuranxe
PENNSYLVANIA MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION FIRE
INSURANCE COMPANY, 2005 Finance Building, Philadelphia. Pa.
Organized 1919; capital paid in, $100,000. Joseph R. Grundy, presi-
dent; W. W. Finn, secretary.
PEOPLES FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Frederick, Md.
Organized 1908; capital $200,000. E. L. Coblentz, president; Wm. W
Doub, secretary.
PEOPLES NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 190S; began business 1909; capital,
paid up, $1,000,000. E. C. Stokes, president; J. H, McNeal, vice-
president; Jas. M. Canning, secretary and treasurer; W. G. Wible,
assistant treasurer. Third and Walnut Streets.
PETERSBURG INSURANCE COMPANY. INC., Petersburg.
Va. Organized 1918; capital, $200,000. E. H. Patterson, president;
W. D. McKenney, vice-president; S. W. Zimmer, vice-president and
general counsel; E.'W. Butcher, general manager; R. W. Pritchard, Jr.,
assistant general manager.
PHENIX FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Paris, France-
Starkweather & Shepley, Inc.. United States managers, Providence.
R. I. George L. Shepley, president; Emil G. Pieper, vice-president and
manager agency department.
PHENIX MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Con-
cord, N. H. Incorporated 1886; reorganized 19 12; Charles L. Jack-
man, president; Walter Williamson, secretary; Archibald R. Ken-
dall, assistant secretary.
PHILADELPHIA CONTRIBUTIONSHIP FOR THE IN-
SURANCE OF HOUSES FROM LOSS BY FIRE, Philadelphia.
Pa. Founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1752. Incorporated 1768.
This company has been in operation since 1752 and confines its busi-
ness to Pennsylvania, writing only perpetual risks. J. Rodman Paul,
chairman; J. Somers Smith, secretary and treasurer; C. T. Cowper-
thwait, assistant treasurer; J. H. R. Timanus, assistant secretary.
212 So. Fourth Street.
PHILADELPHIA FIRE INSURANCE PATROL. The patrol
was established July 15, 1869, and was supported by the voluntary
action of the fire insurance companies doing business in the city. It
was incorporated February 17, 1871. and reorganized June 8, 1895,
the expense being raised by an assessment on premium receipts.
The oneinal fire patrol consisted of a horse and wagon and fifteen
rubber blankets or covers. Only a few companies contributed to
the cost and the establishment was opp>osed by the old volunteer
fire department of the time as a step toward a paid fire department.
A notable success achieved by the patrol at a drygoods fire in Chest-
nut street in saving some $60,000 worth of valuable goods from
Fire Insurance Section 139
ruin by water at once satisfied insurance companies of the advantage
afforded by the patrol, and they flocked to its support. The first
officers were Atwood Smith, president; Alfred G. Baker, treasurer,
and John Wilson, Jr., secretary. The original captain was Terrence
McCusker, and he had an assistant, George R. Stillman, and a force
of five men.
The patrol is now composed of fifty-five men — eighteen men at
Station No. i, at 516 Arch Street, thirteen men at Station No. 2, at the
northeast comer of Fifth and Hewson Streets, twelve at No. 3, at 2122
Market Street, and twelve men at Station No. ^, at 5^ East Haines
Street, Germantown. Patrol No. 4 was established in September,
191 7. The Patrol is under command of Superintendent Harry Hoffman,
and captains are: Wm. Cardell at No. i, John Wyatt at No. 2, William
J. Taylor at No. 3, and William Hickman at No. 4. There are seven
automobile trucks; three at Station No. i, two at Station No. 2, and
one each at Stations Nos. 3 and 4.
The following are the present ofF.cers: W. Gardner Crowell,
ftresident; E. T. Cresson, treasurer; Charles B. Hill, secretary; E. C.
rvin, Alex W. Wister, Jr., James A. McGann and John Kremer, direct-
ors.
PHILADELPHIA FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIA-
TION. The old association, after its tenth annual meeting in
November, 1893, discussed the subject of reorganization, and at a
meeting held December 4, 1893, it was ordered that the compact of
September i, 1891, be continued in force sixty days more. [For
an account of the reorganization see the Cyclopedia for 1894-5 and
19 13- 14] February i, 1894, representatives of seventy companies, met
and perfected the new organization. An executive committee was
appointed to govern the association. Robert B. Beath was chosen
chairman and J. W. Grover, secretary. At the annual meeting,
November 14, 1894, General Beath was re-elected chairman, and
Charles A. Hexamer was appointed secretary. At the annual meet-
ing, November 13, 1895, Eugene L. Ellison was chosen chairman of
the executive committee, and Charles A. Hexamer was continued
as secretary. May i, 1905, the offices of the association were removed
to the eighth floor of the Bullitt building, 1 31-41 South 4th Street.
The officers of the association elected in November 1921 are: Samuel
P. Rodgers, chairman, Chas. C. Simpson, vice-chairman; Chas. A.
Hexamer, secretary and treasurer; J. Sanderson Trump, assistant
secretary; executive committee: Samuel P. Rodgers, Chas. C. Simpson,
Edward Maneuvre, J. Burns Allen, B. H. Wood, J. Hunter Gaul, Geo.
R- Packard, Geo. Y. Shermer, Arthur H. Clevenger.
PHILADELPHIA MANUFACTURERS MUTUAL FIRE
INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1880.
Edwin I. Atlee, president; George Wgod, vice-president; Richard H.
Morris, secretary; Ray L. Hudson, assistant secretary'. (911 Commer-
cial Trust Building.)
140 Cyclopedia of Insurance
PH(ENIX ASSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, of London. Thia
Company was established in 1782. It was the first English company
to establish an agency in the United States, Israel Whelen being its
agent in Philadelphia as early as 1804. In 1810 an act was passed
by the Pennsylvania legislature prohibiting all insurance by foreign
corporations, co-partnerships, or persons not citizens of the United
States, and the Phoenix wiUidrew. It returned again in 1879. Prior
to its return it had some reinsurance contracts, so that it sustained
losses of $500,000 in Chicago in 187 1, and $250,000 in Boston in
1872. The Phoenix is a notable exception to the general history of
companies founded upon a grievance, in that it has been successf uL
It was founded by the sugar bakers of London, because of the high
rates charged that industry by the other offices. Before the war of
1812 the Phoenix had agencies established in several of the southern
states, as well as in New York and Philadelphia, and in the West
Indies. In 1807 it sustained losses in St. Thomas of $1,000,000,
and in 1842, in the great fire at Hamburg, Germany, it lost the then
unprecedented sum of $1,080,000. Since it returned to this country
the Phoenix has received in the United States premiums amounting
to $93,896,949, and has paid in losses $55,559,556. It does an agency
business throughout the states, and in 1921, wrote $1,198,581,830 of
insurance, the premiums of which were $9,891 ,702. Percival Beresford,
United States manager; Herbert W. Ellis, assistant manager; Howard
Terhune, secretary, 100 William Street, New York. R. E. Lidster is in
charge of the Western department at Chicago, and £. C. F. Knowles
is the Pacific Coast representative, all reporting to the head office in
New York.
PHOENIX INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Hartford, Conn.
Organized 1854; capital, $3,000,000. Edward Milligan, president;
George M. Lovejoy, vice-president; John B. Knox, Thomas C. Temple,
George C. Long, Jr., secretaries; Henry P. Whitman, assistant secre-
tary; Fred C. Gustetter, assistant secretary, Edward V. Chaplin,
assistant secretary and F. Minot Blake, assistant secretary.
PIEDMONT FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Charlotte,
N. C. Capital, $100,000. Henry H. McAden, president; B. D.
Hesfth, vice-president; A. L. Smith, secretary; Eug. H. Chisholm,
manager.
PILOT FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Greensboro, N. C.
Organized 1895; capital, $175,000. A. W. McAllister, president and
treasurer; R. G. Vaughn, first vice-president; A, M. Scales, second vice-
president; C. A. Mebane, secretary; W. L. Sharpe, assistant secretary.
PIONEER FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA
29 South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. Organized 1918; capital, paid in
$100,000. F. J. Palt, president; A. Aleminowiez, first vice-president;
S. Kasmarck, second vice-president; J. B. Brenza, secretary; V- H.
Rutkanskas, treasurer.
Fire Insurance Section 141
PIONEER INSURANCE COMPANY, Lincoln, Neb. Organ-
nized as a mutual 1899; reorganized as stock in 1912; capital, paid-in,
$50,000. Ernest C. Folsom, president; James F. Kinney, vice-president;
J. S. Dickman, secretary and treasurer.
PISCATAQUA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Portsmouth,
N. H. Organized 1907; capital, $10,000. The company reinsured
in New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company in 192 1 and retired.
PITTSBURGH FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh,
Pa. Organized 1851; capital, $200,000. Edson T. Wood, president;
Frank S. Tewksbury, vice-president; H. W. Watkins, secretary;
W. B. Koch, Jr., vice-president and treasurer; C. M. Suelshire and
W. W. Watkins, assistant secretaries.
POLICY FORMS AND LAWS. Aeitation for a uniform policy
b^;an almost in the infancy of what may be called the modern practice
of fire underwriting. In the records of the Salamander Society of New
York, which was an organization of local fire insurance companies in
1S21, and the forerunner of the New York Board of Fire Underwriters,
allusion is made to the appointment of a special committee to draft a
form. This committee reported to the association June 19, 1821, with a
proposed form, which, after it had been submitted to the directors
of the company separately, and had received their approval, was
adopted and came into general use. It was the model upon which
all subsequent improved policies were made in the United States.
The National Board of Fire Underwriters was organized in
1866, and the very first subject which claimed its attention after it
convened was a form of policy, the board resolving, "that this
board recommend to the executive committee to draft a fire policy
to be used by all fire insurance companies belonging to this asso-
ciation." A form was reported to the board at its second annual
meeting, in 1868, and adopted. Although the subject of a uniform
standard policy to become obligatory was stirred up in the legisla-
tures of New York and Massachusetts several years prior to this,
Connecticut appears to have been the first state actually to adopt a
law requiring a standard form, which was in 1867. The law, how-
ever, was repealed a year later.
It should be added that many companies have adopted the New
York standard for use wherever there is no other compulsory form,
ao that, with the exception of the slight changes made by the Mich-
igan form, and the special forms in Massachusetts, Maine, New
Hamoshire, Iowa, Oregon, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
and Wisconsin, a uniform policy is written by the leading companies
all over the United States. The laws of several states require that
the New York standard form be used. The laws of Arizona, West
Virginia, Idaho, and Washington require that no policy shall be issued
in the state other than the New York standard form " as now or may
be hereafter instituted," but Washington and Idaho make exceptions
to permit the use of riders adding to or relating to those contained in
142 Cyclopedia of Insurance
the policy, and permitting forms of description and specifications of
the property insured. The West Virginia law permits such changes
and additions as the insurance commissioner may deem proper. The
laws of Georgia require that " each and every company shall adopt
and write a standard or uniform policy such as may be prescribed by
the commissioner." A Maryland law requires that all policies issued
in the state shall have marked or stamped the words, "authorized to do
business in the state of Maryland " with a fac-simile of the signature
of the insurance commissioner. The insurance commissioner of West
Virginia has ruled that the requirement of the New York law regard-
ing the selection of an umpire shall be attached to policies issued in
\A^st Virginia. [For a history and summary of legislation in the dif-
ferent states regarding standard forms, see Cyclopedia for 1911-13
and earlier volumes.]
In recent years criticism and suggestions have resulted in neinr
forms being proposed, and a committee of the National Convention
of Insurance Commissioners early in 19 15 reported a proposed forni«
which the committee approved and submitted for criticism. There
was legislation in 19 15 in Iowa, Maine, Washington, and South Caro-
lina, amending the existing requirements in those states, and North
Carolina and Pennsylvama enacted legislation prescribing a ne^r
form, which went into effect January i, 19 16, and was substantially the
form proposed by the committee of the Insurance Commissioners
Convention. [See Cyclopedia for 19 15.]
The Texas law, creating the " State Insurance Commission,"
gives the commission power " to make, promulgate and establish '*
uniform policies forms, and no other form may be used, and the com-
mission also prescribes the clauses and endorsements that may be
used. The state commission in 19 17 prescribed a new form of pol-
icy which went into effect June i, and legislation was enacted in New
York, Wisconsin, and California in 191 7 amending existing standaxd
forms. The Wisconsin law went into effect January i, 19 18.
Legislation was enacted in several states in 19 16 and 19 17 per-
mitting fire insurance companies to not only write insurance against
loss or damage to property from explosion or bombardment, but from
" war, invasion, insurrection, riot, civil war, civil commotion includ-
ing strike, or military or usurped power." These hazards, incident
to the existence of a state of war, were hazards not covered under the
regular legal form of policy.
At a conference of fire underwriters, held in New York in April,
191 7, a form of policy was adopted providing for full war coverage,
and a rider to be attached to existiri^ explosion policies, assuming the
full war risks, was also adopted. The conference also approved the
writing of separate policies covering war risks, but excluding explo-
sion. [For full text of form see Cyclopedia for 19 17.]
POTOMAC INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE DISTRICT
OF COLUMBIA, Washington, D. C. Chartered by special act of
U. S. Congress 1831; capital, paid in, $200,000. George W. White,
Fire Insurance Section 143
president; Thos, C. Moore, vice-president and manager; Edward D.
Rheem, second vice-president; Alexander K. Phillips, secretary;
H. P. Howard, assistant secretary. The company is controlled by the
General Accident of Perth, Scotland.
PREFERRED RISK FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE.
Topeka, Kansas. Organized 191 7; capital, paid in, $475,500. Clyde W.
Miller, president; Will J. Miller, vice-president; Isaac W. Jones,
secretary and underwriting manager; O. G. Colwell, treasurer; L. B.
Burt, assistant secretary. (Re-insurance business only.)
PROTECTION MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Chicago, 111. Organized 1887. H. N. Wade, president; P. J. Halla,
secretary. 20 West Jackson Boulevard.
PROVIDENCE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, THE, Providence, R. I. Organized 1800. Edward L.
Watson, president; Wm. G. Nightingale, vice-president; B. M. Mac-*
Dougall, secretary.
PROVIDENCE WASHINGTON INSURANCE COMPANY of
Providence, R. I. Incorporated 1799; capital, $1,000,000. C. D.
Dunlop, president; G. C. House, vice-president; A. G. Beals, secretary;
Geo. E. Bixby, treasurer; J. C. Keegan, marine secretary; W. H.
PhilHp>s and W. E. Maynard assistant secretaries.
PRUDENTIA RE- AND CO-INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD.,
Zurich, Switzerland. Rodney Davis, United States manager, no
William Street, New York, N. Y. (Re-insurance business.)
Q
QUEEN CITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sioux Falls.
S. D. Organized 190^; capital, $100,000. H. R. Dennis, president:
W. L. Baker, vice-president ; Denny P. Lemen, secretary, treasurer and
manager.
QUEEN INSURANCE COMPANY of America, 84 William
Street, New York. Organized 1891; capital, $2,000,000. Nevett S.
Bartow, president; Frederick P. Hamilton, vice-president; Frank E.
Jenkins, secretary; T. Livingstone Kennedy, assistant secretary.
QUINCY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Quincy, Mass. Organized 185 1. Charles A. Howland, president;
J. F. Youngy secretary; H. M. Faxon, treasurer.
R
RAILWAY UNDERWRITERS. An association of under-
writers or^nized for the purpose of insuring all classes of property
owned or in possession of steam railroad companies against loss from
fire» and having headquarters at Chicago. The officers are: Presi*
dent, A. G. Dugan, Hartford Fire; vice-president, J. C. Harding,
Springfield Fire and Marine. George M. Fisher is manager and
W. N. Cornell, assistant manager, 175 West Jackson Boulevard,
Chicago, III.
RECEIPTS FROM AND REMITTANCES TO HOME
OFFICES OF FOREIGN FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE
COMPANIES IN 192 1. The reports of the insurance departments
for 1922* make the following statement of the amounts remitted by
foreign companies in this country to their home offices and their re-
ceipts from the same in 192 1 :
Companiet
Abeflle, Paris
Alliance A880. (Marine).
Alpha General
Atlantica (Marine)
Atlas
Baltica, Denmark
British America
British Gencfal
British & Foreign N. Y.
Caledon^n
Century
(niristianiaGeneral,NY .
Commercia] Union
CozMolJdation
Cubana
Eagle&British Domin.. .
First Russian
Foso Marine & Fire.. . .
Oneral, Paris
Indemnity Mutl. CM)....
Ins. Co. Salamandra. . .
Jakor
La Fonier (Marine)
Law Union & Rock. . . .
Liv. Ik London & Globe.
London Aaaurance
London & Lancariiire.. .
London & Provincial. . .
London & Scottish
Moscow
Metropolftan National .
Marine
Maritime
Amount
sent to
Home
Office.
$1,987
217.807
237.469
5.000
28,8x2
65.901
720.760
1 1 1.254
X. 238,3^5
52.701
48,296
399,070
1,078,901
621,489
142.359
100,000
9,526
66,000
537,042
251.377
45.004
I9J04
386,^60
8x0.041
309,046
24.532
40^427
150,000
30,450
536,350
14.796
Amount
rec'd from
Home
Office.
$92,000 (National
71.899
i92,xo6
512,794
3.348
155.000
838,254
1,775.795
50,647
78,559
759.464
129.503
539.451
113,201
23.347
282,274
489
101.260
48,200
1,049.332
37.760!
Companies.
Denmark. . . .
Nationale
Netherlands
New India
New Zealand
Nippon, Japan
Nordisk, Denmark
Norske Lloyde
North British
Northern, England
North China
Northern, Russia
Norwegian, Assn
NorwegianAtlas, No'y. .
Norwich Union
Ocean Marine
Osake, M.8cF
Palatine
Patemelie
Patriotic
Phenix Fire, Paris
Phoenix Assn., Eng
Prudential, Switzerland.
850
4.90o| {Queensland
X. 949.15 1
403 .76g
44.804
Re-ins. Salamandra . . .
Reliance Marine
Royal
Royal Exchange
Russian Reinsurance. .
Scandinavian Assurance
Norway
Scottish Union
Amount
sent to
Home
Office.
$214,176
2.225
228,152
8,956
X3.930
437,283
420.269
X5.0X2
1.600
236,164
751.295
x6l,093
223,499
1,484
52,461
2,505
99,405
22,794
46,723
62.053
301,831
250.000
496.280
79.594
Amount
rec'd from
Home
Office.
$x6o,ooo
1.004,023
91,466
• ■ •• ■• ••
40.000
14.742
65.848
13.099
5,000
314.X34
1,166,082
255.X18
520,268
71,532
38,834
94,200
337,042
5i,xix
278,556
310,951
6x5.3x7
7,700
146
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Companies
Sea
Second Russian
Skandia
Skandinavia, Denmark.
South British
Standard Marine
Stote
Sun
Svea
Swiss Reinsurance
Switzerland, General. ..
Thames&Mersey (mar).
Tokio, Japan
Union, London
Amouut
sent to
Home
Office.
Amount
rec'd from
Home
Office.
Companies
$1,213,312,
71.356.
163,279
1,058,151
76,843
2,310,490
53.331'
1 30.51 1
46.330
1,400
30,819
403,331
63,797
143.133
6,604
$i,i03,684j'Unlon. China
Union Fire, Parts
Union Hispano, Cuba....
, Union Marine
Union & Pheniz
i.709.96ij|Urbaine
6,8isiVVarsaw
60,319' Western ,
7. 934! Western Alliance (Re-
3,oid ins.)
354,363^ World Auxiliary
843,00a Yangtsze, China
480,1051 (Yorkshire
4.2 29
Totals. 1921
Amount
sent to
Home
Office.
S405.985
12.41s
59.037
513,228
116,053
19.908
395.935
13.760
64,700
33.363
44.775
$19,762,962
Amount
rec'd from
Home
Officp.
$353,063
44.500
293 5tJ
883.<Xji
3.480
236,410
50,000
124.4:8
228.311
$22,024,311
Excess of Amount received from Home Offices, 1930 $1,501 ,624
REINSURANCE AND SURPLUS LINE LAWS. The laws
of a number of states prohibit reinsurance of risks, either in whole or
in part, in companies not authorized to do business in the state. Such
laws are in force in Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana,
Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire,
New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Texas, Virginia, West Virginia. The laws of Arizona and Washington
prohibit reinsurance in an alien company — a company not author-
ized to do business in the United States and not having a deposit in
some state of the United States. In Delaware the commissioner may
permit such reinsurance. Minnesota while not prohibiting reinsur-
ance requires that such reinsurance be reported to the insurance com-
missioner, and Ohio prohibits reinsurance in, but also acceptance of
reinsurance with a company not authorized to do business in the
states. Massachusetts and Maryland require all reinsurances to be
reported to the insurance commissioner.
Referring to surplus line insurance as distinct from reinsurance
the above-named states, with the exception of West Virginia, North
Dakota, New Mexico, Nevada, Florida, Colorado, Arkansas and Ari-
zona, make special provision for placing insurance in unauthorized
companies, and the laws of Connecticut, Kansas, Kentucky, Mary-
land, Maine, Missburi, New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, Vermont,
Wisconsin, which place no restrictions on reinsurance, make special
provision for placing insurance in companies not authorized to do busi-
ness in the state. The laws require a special license fee, and provide
that a person so licensed must make affidavit that he is unable to pro-
cure sufhcient insurance in companies regularly licensed to do busi-
ness in the state before placing insurance with unauthorized com-
panies. He must keep separate account of such business and make
report of it to the insurance department. The laws of Illinois, Kan-
sas, Maine, New Hampshire, Texas and Wisconsin limit the granting
of such licenses to regularly licensed agents or brokers, while the law
FiRB Insurance Section
147
of New York limits the number of such licenses that may be issued to
" not exceeding two hundred/' and Washinfi;ton limits the number to
" not exceeding fifty in any one city." The Missouri law limits the
granting of licenses to procure insurance in unauthorized companies
to agents, and any person who desires insurance on his own property
or the property of his firm, or corporation in which he is interested.
Special license fees or taxes are imposed on business placed in un-
authorized companies. Kansas and Ohio make the license fee $io;
Wisconsin, $15; Connecticut, Louisiana, and North Carolina, $20;
and Kentucky, Michigan, Nebraska, and Texas, $25. Vermont
makes the license fee $10, with a tax of three per cent on gross premiums;
Massachusetts, $20, and a tax of ^ four per cent on gross premiums
less return premiums, and^ Missouri, $10 and a tax of two per cent on
gross premiums; California imposes a tax of four per cent, and Maine
two per ceat on gross premiums, less return premiums, and Minnesota
two per cent; Pennsylvania three per cent on gross premiums, and
Tennessee two and a half per cent on all premiums paid to any unli-
censed company. Illinois imposes a tax of two per cent on gross prem-
iums, and a license fee of $200 except in counties of less than 100,000
population in which case the license fee is $25, and New York re-
quires the same license fee, but imposes a tax of three per cent on gross
premiums. Washington requires a license fee of $100, with bond of
not less than $500, and the same tax that is imposed on licensed com-
panies {lyi per cent less return premiums). Maryland imposes a
tax of five per cent and in addition a fee of $1.00 for each policy. The
tax in New Jersey is three dollars ($3.00) for each one hundred dollars
ci insurance or at that rate upon the whole amount of gross premiums,
and in addition execute a bond in the penal sum of three thousand
dollars. (For a summary of the laws and restrictions as to reinsur-
ance see Cyclopedia for 1913-14.]
REINSURANCE BUREAU, 100 William Street, New York, N.
Y., was organized by fire insurance companies to provide reinsurance
facilities and to take care of surplus lines among the company members.
Howard De Mott is manager and Benjamin R. Mowry assistant mana-
ger-
The following companies were members of the Bureau, May i, 1922 :
Commonwealth. New York
Comiecticut Fire
Eagle. Star & British Dominions, Ltd..
London, England
Federal, N. J.
Fire Association
Fireman's Fund
Franklin Fire. Philadelphia.
Genera] Fire. Paris.
Glens Falls
Granite State Fire
Great American. New York
Hand-In-Hand Underwriters (Commer-
cial Union, Ltd., Eng.)
Hanover Fire
Hartford Fire
Home, New York
Agricultural
Alliance
American, Newark. N. J.
American Alliance, New York
American Central
Atlas. Ltd., London
Automobile, Hartford, Conn.
Boston
British America, Toronto
Csdcdonian. Edinburgh
Csmiden Fire
Citisens. St. Louis
City of New York.
Columbia. N. J.
Commierdal Union, Ltd.. England
Commercial Unioo Fire. New York
148 Cyclopedia of Insusancb
Home Fire & Marine. San Francisco, Cal. Phcenix, England
Insurance Company of North America PhGenix. Hartford
Liverpool and London and Globe. Eng. Providence Washington
London and Lancashire Fire. Eng. Queen of America
Massachusetts Fire and Marine, Boston Rochester Department, Great American.
Mercantile of America. N. Y. New York
National Fire, Hartford. Conn. Royal Exchange, London
Newark Fire * Royal, Ltd., England
New Hampshire Fire St. Paul Fire and Marine
New York Underwriters' Agency (Hart- Scottish Union and National, Edinburgh
ford Fire Ins. Co.) Security. New Haven
Niagara Fire Springneld Fire and Marine
Niagara-Detroit Underwriters, New York Star of America
North British and Mercantile. Eng. Sterling, Ind.
Northern. Ltd., London Sun. London
Norwich Union, Ltd.. Eng. Svea Fire and Life. Ltd.. Gothenburg.
Old Colony, Boston Sweden
Orient. Hartford Tokio Marine and Fire, Tokio, Japan
Palatine, Ltd., London Union Assurance. Ltd., London. Eng.
Pennsylvania Fire. Philadelphia. Pa. Urbaine Fire. Paris, France
Philadelphia Underwriters (Ins. Co. of Westchester Fire
North America and Fire Assn.) Western. Toronto
REINSURED, RETIRED, AND FAILED INSURANCE
COMPANIES IN 1921. The following is a list of the joint stock
and mutual fire insurance companies, and reciprocal underwriters
associations which ceased to do business for various causes in 192 1.
Arizona Fire, Phoenix, Ariz., reinsured in California Fire.
Atlas National, Sioux Falls, S. D., reinsured in Atlas Assurance and retired.
Automotive, Mason City, la., reinsured in Iowa Manufacturers, Waterloo.
Bankers Automobile, Lincoln, Neb., failed, liquidated by insurance department.
Factors and Traders, Mobile, Ala., reinsured in Federal, Jersey City.
Farmers Automobile, Sioux City, la., reinsured in Iowa Manuifacturers, Waterloo.
Horticultural, Des Moines, reinsured in Grain Belt Insurance Company, Des Moines.
Inter-State Automobile, Rock Rapids, receiver appointed.
iefferson, Philadelphia, liquidated,
liberty Marine, New York, liquidated.
Merchants, Bangor, Me., retired.
Mid-West, Quincy, 111., receiver appointed.
National Trades, Chicago, 111., reinsured in Guaranty Fire, N. Y.
North Atlantic Marine, New York, liquidated.
Piscatauqua Fire, Portsmouth, N. H. re-insured in New Hampshire Fire.
Union, Bangor, Me., retired.
Union Fire, Pittsburgh, Pa., absorbed by National Union, Pittsburgh.
Western, Pittsburgh, Pa., reinsured in Superior Fire.
The following foreign and mutual companies discontinued business
in 192 1.
Lancashire & Cheshire, Liverpool, withdrew.
National Benefit, London, discontinued business in United States.
Norwegian Marine and Transport, Standefjord, discontinued business in United States
Norske Lloyd, Christiania, discontinued business in United States.
Home Mutual, Auto., Cameron, Mo., receiver appointed.
United Mutual, Houston, Tex., receiver appointed.
United States Mutual, Auto, N. Y., liquidated.
Washington Hardware and Implement Dealers Mutual, Spokane, business taken
over by Washington Hardware and Implement Underwriters. Spolouie.
The following Lloyds and Reciprocal Underwriters Associations
discontinued business.
Central Casualty Underwriters, Chicago, receiver appointed.
Cotton Seed Oil Millers Insurance Bureau, Dallas, retired.
General Fire Underwriters, East St. Louis, lU., receiver appointed.
Fire Insurance Section 149
La Salle Automobile Insurance Association, Ottawa. 111., retired.
Merchants Underwriters, N. Y.. reinsured in Stusrvesant, N. Y.
New Jersey Indemnity Exchange, Newark, receiver appointed.
Prairie State Automobile Association, Duquoin, 111., receiver appointed.
Wichita Great Western Underwriters Reciprocal, Wichita Falls, receiver appointed.
The Business Men's Mutual Fire of Towanda, Pa., merged with the Merchants
Mutual. Towanda, under the title of Merchants and Business Men's Mutual, and the
Eureka Fire and Marine, Cincinnati merged with the Security Fire of Cincinnati under
the title Eureka Security Fire and Marine insurance company.
RELIABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE., of Day-
ton, Ohio. Organized 1865; capital, paid-in, $250,000. W. H. Kuhlman,
president; C. H. Frank, vice-president; William F. Kramer, secretary.
RELIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY of Philadelphia was
incorporated 1841. Capital, $400,000. E. C. Irvin, president; J. W.
Cochran, vice-president; M. G. Garrigues, secretary. The company
is controlled by the Fire Association of Philadelphia.
RELIANCE MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE
(Limited), Liverpool, Eng. W. L. H. Simpson, attorney and
manager. New York.
RENT INSURANCE.* Anyone who has a pecuniary interest in
the preservation and protection of property and who might sustain a
loss by reason of its destruction, has an interest in such property which
is insurable. It follows, therefore, that a landlord may insure against
loss of rents, and a tenant may insure against his continuing liability
to pay rent, regardless of the occurrence of a fire.
Whether a landlord has an insurable interest to support a policy
of fire insurance on rents, where the tenant is obligated unconditionally
to pay rent in full, is a question concerning which there is some differ-
ence of opinion; but the courts would probably have no difficulty in
discovering an insurable interest if on no ground other than that the
fire might impair the ability of the tenant to pay rent. If, however,
after the fire, the tenant should i>ay the rent in full, the landlord would
be unable to show a loss. But, if the landlord should recover his rent
insurance, the insurer making payment would become subrogated
to the claim against the tenant. Rents, however, are not covered
by an insurance upon the building, but liability must be specifically
assumed thereon.
There are many different forms of rent policies, but those in most
general use provide that the insurer shall make good the loss of rents
actually sustained by the insured on occupied or rented portions of
the premises which have become untenantable, for and during such
time as, with the exercise of due diligence, may be necessary tor the
restoration of the premises to the same tenantaole condition as before
the fire. A form thus phrased covering on " occupied or rented "
portions of the premises, is regarded as sufficiently broad to cover that
*B7 WnUam N. Bament, general adjuater. The Home Iniurance Company. N<
York. N. Y.
150 Cyclopedia of Insurance
portion of the premises occupied by the insured himself, and not rented.
Some forms, however, remove all elements of doubt on this point by
expressly declaring that, if the insured occupies any portion of the
building, a fair rental value of the portion so occupied shall be con-
sidered as a part of the rents.
Insurance is also written at an advanced rate to cover loss of rents
or rental value to the premises, whether occupied or vacant at the time
of the fire. The theory upon which this class of insurance is based
is that the premises have a value as rentable property and may be
rented at any time; hence, if they are destroyed by fire, the insured
may be depnved of the income which might otherwise accrue to him.
The older forms contain the co-insurance or average clause (usu-
ally the one hundred per cent) based on the annual rental or rental
value, as the case may be; but in some of the later forms, this provi-
sion is modified in favor of the insured, in consideration of a higher
premium, by changing the basis from the twelve month to the time that
would reasonably be required to restore the premises to a tenantable
condition, if totally destroyed.
Most of the forms in current use cover on " rents " and agree to
make good the " loss on rents actually sustained." The question nat-
urally arises whether this means gross rents or whether it means gross
rents less those expenses which may be saved to the insured during
the period of reconstruction, such as lighting, heating, elevator service,
jamtor service, collections, insurance, and the like. There has been
comparatively little litigation involving rent insurance; therefore, we
have only general principles and analagous decisions to guide us in
reaching our conclusions.
It is possible, of course, that the courts might declare a policy thus
phrased to be valued, and if so it would be construed like any other
valued policy and the insurer would be liable for loss of gross rent with-
out any deductions therefrom. It is, however, the well-considered
opinion of some of the best legal minds that, in view of the strong
inclination on the part of the courts to adhere in their decisions to the
fundamental prinaple of indemnity, they would hardly go out of their
way to discover a valued feature in a policy where none is expressed
and where there is no evidence, except such as is remotely inferential,
of its existence.
If the policy is not valued, it should be construed like any other
contract of indemnity; and there is no logical reason why, on rents
rather than on any other class of property, one should recover more
than his actual loss. The fact that the policy limits liability to loss
on rents " actually sustained " lends emphasis, if any were needed, to
the view that the policy is not valued; and these words, if they have
any significance whatever, should be controlling.
Our highest courts have held that, where there is a contract oC
indemnity and a loss happens, anything which reduces or diminishes
that loss reduces or diminishes the amount that the indemnifier is
bound to pay, and the insured is entitled only to be placed in the same
condition, pecuniarily, that he would have been if there had been no
fire.
Fire Insurance Section 151
In the light of the authorities, it seems clear that, unless the pol-
icy should be declared valued, it is incumbent upon the insured (under a
rent policy) to prove what his actual net loss is, after making proper
deduction for everything in the way of salvage that may come to him.
In many cases there would be no diminution in the regular running ex-
penses; but in event of a serious damage too, or the total destruction of
the building, there might and probably would be quite a material sav-
ing in expenses, and, if so, this would be a very important factor.
Nearly all rent losses are partial; the forms, covering simply on
" rents " and differing somewhat in phraseology, have been in use for
many years; the loss record has not been unfavorable; very little dif-
ficulty has been exi)erienced in adjustments; settlements are usually
made on a compromise basis, and many claimants, no doubt, take into
consideration the salvage in expenses in their nes[otiations, so that the
question does not arise very frequently as a practical proposition.
In some portions of the country, however, notably on the Pacific
Coast, evidently with a view to avoiding discussion, policies are issued
coverin^^ net rents or net rental income; but the practical effect of this
form will be to permit the insured to collect his gross rent in many
instances (because all expenses frequently continue in event of par-
tial loss), whereas the coinsurance or average clause will be applied to
the annual net rental; hence in cases of partial loss such form would
be quite advantageous to the insured.
REPUBLIC FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF TEXAS,
Dallas, Texas. Organized 1919; capital, paid in, $1,000,000. Geo. W.
Jalonick, chairman, board of directors; I. Jalonick, president, J. B.
Adoue, vice-president; A. F. Pillet, vice-president, W. P. Anderson,
E. C. Jalonick, T. R. Mansfield, secretaries; I. C. Hagerman, J. G.
Vaughan, assistant secretaries; R. W. Mayo, general adjuster, fire and
marine insurance.
REPUBLIC FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh. Pa.
Organized 1871; capital, $200,000. C. W. Gerwig, president; £. C.
Gerwig, vice-president; N. A. Weed, secretary and treasurer; L. D.
Owrey, assistant secretary.
RESIDENT AGENTS' LAWS. Laws requiring policies of insur-
ance to be placed through " regularly commissioned and licensed agents,
readent in the state " are with two or three exceptions in force in all
states and apply to fire insurance. In a few states the laws are general,
applying to all, or any form of insurance, while in a lar^r number the
laws are made to apply to the placing of the different lines of casualty
or miscellaneous insurance as well as fire insurance. As a rule regular
life insurance companies and assessment and fraternal associations are
exempt. The following is a statement of the laws now in force with
date of enactment:
Alabama (1907); Arizona (1913 and 1915); Arkansas (1901 and
1903); Colorado (1907 and 1915); Connecticut (1893); Delaware
(1901 and 1917); Florida (1899 and 1903); Georgia (1896 and 1901):
152 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Hawaii (1903); Idaho (191 1, 1913, and 1915); Illinois; Iowa (1897);
Kansas; Kentuclcy (1916); Louisiana (1902 and 1916); Maine (1903,
1905, and 1^13); Maryland (1900); Massachusetts (1907); Michigan
(1912); Minnesota (1905); Mississippi (1902 and 1916); Missouri
(1897); Montana (1907); Nebraska (1909); Nevada (1901); New
Hampshire (1899 and 191 1); New Jersey, New Mexico (1901 and
1921); North Carolina (1905); North Dakota (1905); Ohio (1917);
Oklahoma (1909); Oregon (1899); Pennsylvania (1899); Rhode
Island (1896): South Carolina (1900 and 1915); South Dakota (1895);
Tennessee (1899); Texas (1903); Utah (1907); Vermont (1908);
Virginia (1906); Washington (191 1); West Virginia (1901); Wiscon-
sin (191 1); Wyoming (1910 and 1915). [For full text of laws see Cy-
clopedia for 1913-14 and 1915.]
The laws of all the above states apply to fire insurance, and the
law of Alabama specifically mentions life insurance, while also
applying to all other classes of companies. The laws of Arizona,
Idaho, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota,
Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin and
Wyoming are general, applying to any and all companies. The laws
of Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, Nebraska, North Carolina,
South Carolina and Texas contain special provisions applying to the
different classes of casualty, or miscellaneous companies, and the laws of
New Jersey, Mississippi and Utah apply to all companies, except life,
and, in the case of Mississippi, individuals, firms or corporations indem-
nifying themselves through reciprocal contracts are exempt. Louisiana
exempts policies of " life and endowment insurance which include pro-
visions for the waiver of premiums or other benefit in the event of
accident or other disability," and policies of reinsurance. Kentucky
also exempts mutual companies and inter-insurance associations.
The Colorado law prohibits the licensing of any one as agent,
broker, or solicitor who is not a resident of the state, and the Kansas
law prohibits the commissioner from licensing anyone not a resident
of the state. The Alabama, Nebraska and Texas laws require a com-
pany to file an affidavit that it has not violated any provisions of the
act tor the preceding twelve months, and the Minnesota law requires a
company to appoint as "its agents in the state residents thereof.'*
Some of the laws contain other special features, particularly re-
lating to division of^commissions. Delaware, Idaho, Montana, Miss-
issippi, Colorado, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, North Dakota, Utah,
Arkansas, Florida and West Virginia require that the agent counter-
signing the policy shall " receive the full commission thereon when the
premium is paid." Wisconsin requires that the agent countersigning
the policy ** shall be paid the commission on the policy, and Louisiana
requires that the authorized agent '* shall receive on each policy . . .
the full usual commission allowed and paid."
The laws in the following states make no mention of commissions,
Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Mary-
land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hami>shire,
New Jersey, Oklahoma, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota^
Virginia, Washington, Wyoming, Missouri, and Kentucky.
Fire Insurance Section 153
The commissioners of Michigan and Wyoming have ruled that
agents cannot divide commissions with' non-resident agents or brokers,
while the attorney general of Kansas has ruled that division of com-
missions and exchange of business with non-residents is not illegal.
The Ohio department has ruled that agents doing business in Ohio
must be residents of Ohio and licenses will not be issued to non-resi-
dents.
The law of New Mexico prohibits any agent, broker, or solicitor
'* to pay or promise to pay either directly or indirectly any fee, broker-
age, or other emolument of any nature " to any non-resident person,
firm, or corporation '* for the obtaining, placing, or writing " of any pol-
icy of insurance covering property in New ^^xico. Kansas prohibits
any authorized company from authorizing or allowing any non-resident
person, agent, firm or corporation from issuing or causing to be issued any
policy on property in the state. Vermont requires all policies to be
countersigned by a duly authorized resident agent of the company
issuing the policy, although brokers' licenses may be granted ** to per-
sons resident in any other state, if the laws of such state permit the
issuance of brokers' licenses to residents of this state."
The laws of Nebraska and Texas prohibit any company from
authorizing, allowing, or permitting any non-resident " to issue, sign,
countersign, or to deliver or cause to be delivered any policy" except
through licensed resident agents of such companies. North Carolina
and South Carolina permit the division of commissions between non-
resident and resident agents.
The New Jersey legislature in 192 1 amended the resident agents
law of 1919 to read as follows: "Section 80. — No insurance company
of another State or foreign country, except a life insurance company,
may transact business in this State, except through duly constituted
and appointed agents resident herein, whose principal place of business
for the conduct of such agency is located in this State, and who shall
maintain a bona fide duly operated business office in this State, and
shall issue and countersign all policies and contracts so issued. This
section shall not apply to direct insurance covering the rolling stock
of railroad corp>orations operating between different States or property
received for shipment from one State to another, while in the possession
or custody of railroad corporations or other common carriers."
The New Mexico legislature also amended the resident agents law
in 192 1 and the law now reads as follows: — "It shall be unlawful for
any foreign insurance company to make, write, place or cause to be
made, written or placed in this State, any insurance policy or contract of
any kind to provide against any contingency which may be insured or
guaranteed against, unless the same shall be made, written or placed
through its duly and regularly appointed and authorized agent or
agents, resident of this State. It shall be unlawful for any insurance
company authorized to do business in New Mexico, its representative,
manager, general agent, si)ecial agent, local agent, broker or solicitor,
to pay or promise to pay, either directly or indirectly, any fee, broker-
age or other emolument of any nature to any person, firm or corporation
not a resident of the State of New Mexico, for the obtaining, placing or
154 Cyclopedia of Insurance
writing of any policy or policies of insurance covering risks in New
Mexico. Any insurance company violating this section shall have its
certificate of authority to do business in this State suspended for not
less than one year, and such suspension shall be removed and the
said certificate of authority renewed only upon a written pledge from
the directors or executive body in authority over the officers of such
company that this section will be fully and faithfully observed."
RETAIL DRUGGISTS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, 518 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1890. Philip
Lehr, president; John C. Firmin, vice-president; C. L. Mclntire,
secretary; Robert Groenland, treasurer.
RETAILERS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Oklahoma
City, Okla. Organized 1910; capital $200,000. A. M. Greiner, presi-
dent; M. E. Fruin, secretary; W. E. Hitchcock, manager.
RETAIL LUMBERMEN'S INSURANCE ASSOCIATION,
Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 1894. J. H. Queal, president; A. R.
Rogers, vice-president; W. G. HoUis, secretary; B. C. Bowman,
treasurer; O. D. Hauschild, managing underwriter.
RETAIL MERCHANTS ASSOCIATION MUTUAL FIRE
INSURANCE COMPANY, Springfield, III. Organized 1898. James E.
Hemmick, president; W. W. Swett, Jr., secretary; O. M. Scherer, treas-
urer; C. R. Lott, vice-president; White Dawson, managing director.
RETALIATORY OR RECIPROCAL LAWS. Thirty-nine
states inflict retaliatory penalties on the companies of other states
or of other states and countries. New York appears to have origi-
nated this kind of legislation as far back as 1865. With few excep-
tions the laws of the several states, though expressed differently, are
practically the same, and the purpose, or intent, is clearly expressed in
the New York law, re-enacted in 1892, which follows:
'* If by the odstlng or future laws of any State an insurance corporation of this
State having agencies in such other State, or the agents thereof, thafi be required to
malce any deposit of securities in such other State for the protection of the policyholders
or otherwise, or to make payments for taxes, fines, penalties, certificates of author-
ity, license fees, or otherwise, greater than the amount reouired by this chapter, from
similar corporations of such other State by the then existing laws of this State, then
and in every such case all insurance corporations of such State, establishing or here to
fore having establi^ed an agency or agencies in this State, shall be and they are hereby
required to make the like deposit for the like purposes in the insurance department of
this State, and to pay the superintendent of insurance for taxes, fines, penalties, cer-
tificates of authority, license fees, and otherwise, an amount equal to the amount of
such charges and payments imposed by the laws of such other State upon the insur-
ance corporations of this State and the agents thereof."
Retaliatory or reciprocal laws are now in force in the following
states: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Dela*
ware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,
Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ne>v
FiKE Insurance Section 155
York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont,
Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, West Vir^nia. In addition to
the above Arkansas has a retaliatory law which is made applicable
only in respect to deposits, and Nevada has a law applying to assess-
ment companies. [For text of laws see Cyclopedia for 1913-14, 1915,
and earlier volumes. Also taxation and fees, this volume.]
The laws of Wisconsin, Texas, Pennsylvania, Nebraska, Indiana,
Missouri have features not found in the laws of the other states, which
extend the scope of the retaliatory provisions, while the laws of New
Hampshire, Connecticut and New Jersey differ materially in the appli-
cation and scope of the retaliatory or reciprocal features. The New
Hampshire law makes the retaliatory feature apply if "an^ state shall
by its laws deny any insurance company or citizen of this state any
rights or privileges which are granted to insurance companies or cit-
izens of that state," or if the insurance commissioner or other official,
*'flhall have power to revoke the license of any company of this state"
for writing insurance in that state other than through or by a citizen
of that state. The laws of Connecticut and New Jersey besides mak-
ing the retaliatory features apply to any " obligation, prohibition, or
restrictions" imposed on companies, also extend the retaliatorv fea-
tures to apply in case a license is refused after a ** certificate of solvency
and good management," or, in the case of New Jersey, a certificate of
the result of any examination made by the department, has been filed
with such department. The Nebraska law (acts of 191 7) also makes
the reciprocal provisions apply in respect to the interest rate assumed
in valuing policies of life insurance, and also in respect to restrictions
applying to agents' licenses.
RETROCESSION. The word is used in relation to reinsurance
transactions and in that connection has come to have rather a dis-
tinct meaning. The term means literally, " giving back," but in
insurance means reassignment, or a " handing on." In practice it
amounts simply to reinsurance by a reinsurer, and the practice is car-
ried on under treaties, so-called, which are known as retrocession
treaties. The reinsurance is automatically " handed on," that is, just
as the direct writing company reinsures its excess lines, so the reinsur-
ing company " hands on " its excess lines under the treaty by which
^he retrocession company obligates itself to accept a certain percentage
of the excess liability assumed by the reinsurance company.
RHODE ISLAND ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS
-was organized July 25, 1900, with the following officers: president,
C- H. Beach; vice-presidents, H. Bull, Jr., C. A. Morgan, and G. R.
Smith; secretary and treasurer, C. F. Newcomb. A reorganiza-
tion was effected in March, 191 7, and the present officers are: Presi-
dent, James W. Cook; vice-presidents, George R. Smith, Woonsocket;
Herbert M. Clarke, Arctic; George I. Parker, Pawtucket; secretary
and treasurer, W. H. Robinson, 107 Westminster Street, Providence,
I^. I. Chairman of executive committee. Archer C. Sanderson.
156 Cyclopedia of Insurance
RHODE ISLAND INSURANCE COMPANY of Providence.
R. I. Ori^anized 1907; capital, |6oo,ooo. George L. Shepley, presi-
dent; Emil G. Pieper, vice-president and secretary; Tunis Johnson,
W. O. Wilson, assistant secretaries.
RHODE ISLAND MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Providence, R. I. Organized 1848. John R. Freeman, presi-
dent and treasurer; Theodore P. Bogert, secretary and assistant treas-
urer; Benj. G. Buttolph, Edwin D. Pingree, vice-presidents and
engineers.
RICHLAND MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Mansfield,
Ohio. Organized 1850. J. A. Rigby, president; R. Smith, secre-
tary; S. A. Jennings, treasurer.
RICHMOND INSURANCE COMPANY of New York, Statcn
Island, N. Y. Organized in 1836 as the Richmond County Mutual;
reorganized as a stock company in 1907. Capital $200,000. J. F. Smith,
president; E. R. Moody, vice-president; David G. Wakeman, secretary.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Great Falls, Mont. Organized 191 1; capital, $279,200; Sam Steph-
enson, president; John E. Dawson, vice-president; Geo. H. Shanley,
vice-president; Alfred Malmber^, vice-president; Leo P. McMeel,
secretary, treasurer, and underwriting manager.
ROSSIA INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, Hartford,
Conn. Organized 1918; capital, paid in, $400,000. Carl F. Sturhahn,
president; B. N. Carvalho, vice-president; T. B. Boss, secretary and
treasurer; G. E. Jones, assistant secretary. The company was orga-
nized and took over the business of the Rossia Insurance Company of
Russia.
ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE of London. Everard C.
Stokes, United States manager; Gayle T. Forbush, associate manager;
i^hur Waller, assistant manager; 83 Maiden Lane, New York.
ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, of Liverpool,
England, commenced business in the United States in 1851 and trans-
acts hre, marine, and all other kinds of insurance business as described
in Sections 110 and 150 of the Insurance Laws of the state of New
York. Frederick B. Kellam, manager, William Mackintosh, Charles
R. Pitcher, assistant managers; James Keeley, agency superintend-
ent; John E. Hoffman, marine underwriter, New York depart-
ment, 84 William Street, New York; Milton Dargan, manager Southern
department, Atlanta, Georgia; Messrs Field & Cowles, managers.
New England department, Boston, Mass.; Elwin W. Law, manager
Fire Insurance Section 157
Western department, Chicago, 111.; Rollo V. Watt, manager Pacific
Coast department, San Francisco, Cal.
Assets held in the United States for the special protection of
American policyholders, as of December 31, 1 92 1 , $2 1 ,2 1 7, 105. Liabil-
ities, $15,544,588. United States surplus, $5,672,517.
RUBBER MANUFACTURERS' MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANY, Boston, Mass. Organized 1885. Arthur H. Lowe,
president; George B. Hodgman, vice-president; Benjamin Taft,
secretary and treasurer; W. B. Brophy, vice-president and assistant
treasurer; 185 Franklin St.
RUSSIAN REINSURANCE COMPANY, St Petersburg,
Russia. Paul E. Rasor, United States manager, 15 William Street,
New York.
s
SAFEGUARD INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y.
Or^nized 1879; reors^anized 1915; capital, $200,000. A. G. Mcll-
waine, president; Edward E. Pearce, vice-president; Henry W.
Gray, Jr., vice-president and secretary. 57 William Street.
SAFETY FUND LAW. This law, which permitted the accumu-
lation by a fire insurance company, from its profits, of a fund, one-
half of which may be deposited with the insurance department to be
held for the protection of the unearned premiums of the company
and to serve as a second capital in said case its capital and assets are
swept away by a great connagration, the other half to be retained by
the company for the pavment of losses, was enacted by the state
le|g;islature in its session of 1874 (passed April i6th) on the suggestion
ollnsurance Superintendent Chapman. The legislature in 1915 passed
a law providing that no company should establish such funds after
June I, 191 5, and providing further for the discontinuance of the spe-
cial reserve and guaranty surplus funds already created under the
law.
Surplus fund laws are in force in five other states, the pro-
visions thereof being similar to those of the law of New York,
which was the first to enact legislation of this character. The states
and their laws are :
Minnesota, Chapter 18, laws of 1876, re-enacted by Section 98 of
the general law of 1895, and Chapter 437, laws of 1900 and Chapter
263, laws of 191 1.
Rhode Island, Sections 26 to 32, inclusive, of Chapter 156 of the
Public Laws.
Wisconsin, Sections 1909 to 1913, inclusive, of the Revised Stat-
utes.
New Jersey in 1908 enacted a somewhat similar law. [Chapter
258, laws of 1908].
New Hampshire, Chapter 28, laws of 191 1.
Nebraska, [Paragraph 3252, section 1 16, from revised statutes
of 1913.]
SALAMANDRA REINSURANCE COMPANY of Copenhagen,
Denmark. Organized 1918, and was admitted to do a fire re-insurance
business in New York the same year. Its United States Manager is
Meinel & Wemple, Inc., 4^9 Fifth Avenue, New York.
SALAMANDRA INSURANCE COMPANY of Petrograd.
Russia. Organized 1846. Meinel & Wemple, Inc., United States
manager, 469 Fifth Ave., New York City.
Fire Insurance Section 159
SALEM MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salem,
Mass. Organized 1838. S. Herbert Wilkins, president; Arthur
Derby, secretary and treasurer.
SAVANNAH FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Savannah,
Ga. Organized 191 1; capital, $100,000. Mills B. Lane, president;
W. F. Train, vice-president and treasurer; F. M. Butler, secretary.
SCANDINAVIAN AMERICAN ASSURANCE CORPORA-
TION, LTD., Christiania, Norway. J. M. Wennstrom, United States
manager, 100 William Street, New York, N. Y.
SCOTTISH UNION AND NATIONAL INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Edinburgh, Scotland, wa5 chartered in 1824. J. A. Cook is
its manager at the Edinburgh ofiice, and J. Gunn, secretary. It
commenced business in 1880 in the United States, with headquarters in
Hartford, and writes here fire, tornado, explosion, riot and civil commo-
tion, sprinkler leakap^e, earthquake and automobile insurance. In
Great Britain it also insures lives, grants annuities and does a general
business including all classes, including marine. The United States
trustees are Messrs. Morgan G. Bulkeley, Meigs H. Whaples, and Mor-
gan B. Brainard, Hartford. The American representatives of the
company are: J. H. Vreeland, manager; Jas. H. McCormick, secretary;
Louis Harding, Angus Caruth, Waldo R. riills, and Thomas R. Fletcher,
assistant secretaries. United States branch assets, December 31, 192 1,
18,443,500.69; liabilities, $4,534,1 19.91.
SEABOARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Atlantic City,
N. J. Organized 1908; capital, paid-in, $100,000. J. B. Thompson,
president; Frank Walsh, vice-president; H. H. Deakyne, treasurer;
A. F. Bolte, secretary.
SEA INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, Liverpool, England.
Chubb & Son, New York, general agents for the United States.
SECOND RUSSIAN INSURANCE COMPANY, Petrograd,
Russia. Oganized 1835. Meinel & Wemple, Inc., United States
managers Fire I>epartment, 469 Fifth Avenue, John M. Grant, manager
marine department, 82 Beaver Street, New York, N. Y.
SECURITY AUTOMOBILE MUTUAL INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Younestown, Ohio. Organized 19 15. Philip Wick, presi-
dent; C. H. Rennedy, vice-president; T. A. Woodman, treasurer;
R. G. Davis, secretary.
SECURITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cincinnati, O.
Organized 1881 ; capital, $150,000. The company was merged with the
Eureka Fire and Marine Insurance Company in 192 1.
160 Cyclopedia of Insurance
SECURITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Davenport. la;
Organized 1883; capital, $200,000. James W. Bollinger, president.
Rudolph Rohlfs, vice-president; R. J. Clausen, treasurer; E. £. Soenke,
secretary.
SECURITY INSURANCE COMPANY, New Haven, Conn.
Organized 1841; capital, $1,000,000. John W. Ailing, president,
E. G. Stoddard, Victor Roth, Walter D. Williams, vice-presidents;
Willis Parker, secretary; W. Perdue Johnson, assistant secretary;
W. A. Thomson, treasurer.
SECURITY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Chatfield, Minn. Organized 1898. F. L. Tesca, president; F. G.
Stoudt, vice-president; L. M. Thurber, secretary and treasurer.
SHORT RATE TABLE — Is a table for computing the earned
premium on policies of fire insurance in the event of cancellation, or
the premium to be charged where a policy is written for a shorter
period than a year. When a company cancels a policy it returns the
pro rata prenuum. When the policyholder cancels the pro rata pre-
mium less the expense of getting the business is returned, and the table
below is used in computing the earned premium, or the premium to be
retained. The table is the one adopted by the National Board of Fire
Underwriters, and is in use pretty generally throughout the country.
In computing the premium take the percentage indicated on scale oppo-
site the number of days risk is to run, on the premium for one year at
given rate, and the result will be the premium earned in case of can-
cellation, or to be charged in case of short time risks. Fractional
parts of a month for term policies are counted as a whole month.
\
Fire Insurance Section
161
2-Ybar
3-Year
4-Ybar
5-Ybar
Annual
Tbrm
Policy
Policy
Policy
Policy
POLKIKS
POLI-
Wbittkn
Written
Written
Writtbn
CIBS
AT
AT
AT
AT
% of Annual
Premium
2
0
1
:5
1
<
•
'3
a
1
s
<
m
9
1
1
«
"a
s
c
e
<
1
a
z
II
13
8
10
6
8
5
7
a
4
a
17
ao
la
15
9
la
8
10
3
5
3
33
37
16
ao
la
16
10
14
4
6
4
39
33
ao
35
IS
ao
13
17
5
7
5
34
40
34
30
18
34
15
ao
6
8
6
40
47
as
35
aa
a8
18
34
7
9
7
43
50
30
38
33
30
19
35
8
9
8
46
53
33
40
35
33
ao
37
9
10
9
49
57
34
43
a6
U
ai
39
zo
10
ZO
51
60
36
45
a8
33
30
II
IZ
zz
54
63
38
48
39
38
34
33
la
II
za
f7
67
40
50
31
40
35
34
13
za
13
61
70
43
53
33
43
37
35
14
13
14
5f
73
*§
u
35
43
a8
30
15
13
15
68
75
48
37
45
30
38
z6
14
z6
71
78
50
1*
38
47
31
39
17
^
17
75
81
53
60
40
48
33
40
It
z6
Z8
79
83
55
63
43
50
U
43
19
z6
19
8a
86
12
65
»
53
43
SO
17
ao
86
89
67
53
38
»
, '«
19
ai
89
93
$3
69
48
55
39
(I mo.) 30
ao
aa
93
94
65
71
50
57
41
47
35
33
33
96
97
68
73
53
58
43
49
40
35
34 1
[OO
100
70
75
n
60
44
50
45
a7
35
73
77
6a
45
51
50
a8
a6
75
79
58
63
47
53
55
a9
37
78
81
60
65
48
U
(a mot.) 60
30
a8
80
83
6a
67
50
65
33
39
83
85
63
68
53
57
70
36
30
85
88
55
70
53
58
75
37
31
88
90
67
73
55
60
to
38
33
90
93
69
73
56
61
85
39
33
93
II
71
7S
58
63
90
40
34
95
73
77
59
64
(3mo«.)
35
98
98
75
78
61
65
105
46
36
100
100
77
80
63
67
lao
50
37
79
8a
64
68
(4moi.)
38
81
83
66
69
135
!^
39
83
85
67
71
, '5^ V
60
40
8S
87
69
73
(5mo«.)
41
87
88
70
74
i6s
66
43
88
90
72
75
z8o
70
43
90
92
73
76
(6 moa.)
44
92
93
75
78
195
73
45
U
95
77
79
aio
75
46
97
78
81
(7nioa.)
47
98
98
80
8a
aas
78
48
100
100
8z
83
340 ^
80
49
83
8S
(8moa.)
50
84
86
ass
83
51
86
88
a7o
85
53
88
89
(9moa.)
53 .
89
90
aSs
88
54
91
93
. 300
90
55
93
93
(zo mot.)
56 .
94
94
3X5
93
57
95
96
, J30
95
58
97
97
(xz mos.)
59 .
98
99
345
98
60
100
100
360
zoo
(la mot.)
162 Cyclopedia of Insurance
SKANDIA INSURANCE COMPANY of Stockholm, Sweden,
was organized in 1855, and entered the United States for reinsurance
business in May, 1900, making a deposit with the New York and
Ohio departments. William Mackintosh, manaeer and attorney in
the United States. New York office, 84 William Street.
SKANDINAVIA INSURANCE COMPANY, Copenhagen, Den-
mark. Sumner Ballard, United States branch manager, 80 Maiden
Lane, New York, N. Y. Writes direct marine business and fire re-insur^*
ance business.
SOUTH BRITISH INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited. Head
office Auckland, New Zealand. Established 1872. Subscribed capital,
£1,500,000; paid up capital, £750,000. Entered New York, April 1921.
H. E. Kempthorn, manager, no William Street, New York. W. M.
Speyer, manager, 334 California Street, San Francisco.
SOUTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized at Columbia, June 31, 1899. The following
officers were elected: John B. Reeves, Charleston, president; Allen
Jones, Columbia, vice-president; A. H. Walker, Columbia, secretary.
At the annual meeting in June, 1921, the following officers were elected:
President, W. D. McLean, Anderson, secretary and treasurer, H. P.
Moses, Sumter.
SOUTH CAROLINA INSURANCE COMPANY, Columbia,
S. C. Organized 1910; capital, f 200,000. Edwin G. Seibels, president;
John J. Seibels, secretary.
SOUTH DANVERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Concord, Mass. Incorporated 1829. Prescott Keyes, presi-
dent; Charles F. Bowers, vice-president and underwriter; Frank
Taylor, secretary; Adams Tolman and E. R. Howard, assistant
secretaries.
SOUTH-EASTERN UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION
(formerly the South-Eastern Tariff Association). The first meet-
ing of this association was held at New Holland Springs, near
Gainesville, Ga., on August 16, 1882. The officers elected were: Pres-
ident, Clarence Knowles (then special agent of the New York Under-
writers' Agency); vice-president, Peter F. Pescud (then a special
agent of the Commercial Union); secretary, Thomas Peters (then a
general adjuster in Atlanta, Ga). Its object was stated to be "to
organize and maintain local boards; to establish and enforce ade-
quate rates and uniform commissions, and inculcate sound principles
of underwriting."
Mr. Knowles remained president of the association until June,
1888, at which time Major Livingston Mims was elected. He was
in office until 1894, when he was succeeded by Thomas Egleston.
His successor in 1896 was Samuel Y. Tupper, who retired in 1898^
and was succeeded by (Captain Edward S. Gay. Harry C. Stockdell
Fire Insurance Section
163
was elected in 1900 and 1901 ; W, E. Chapin, 1902 and 1903 ; Geo.
J. Dexter, 1904 and 1905; Milton Dargan, 1906 and 1907; Dan B.
Harris, 1908 and 1909; W. R. Prescott, 1910 and 1911; Hany R.
Bush, 1913 and 1913; CiarenceF. Low, ttfidand 1915; F. C. Buswell,
N, Y., in 1916; Henry E. Reea 0/ Hartford in 1918 — he died imme-
diately before the Annual Meeting in 1919. At that meeting Edgar T,
Gentry was elected president. Thomas Peters continued as Secretary
until the meeting held in Atlanta August 1886, when he was succeeded
by Charles C. Fleming, who continued as secretary until he resigned
in March 1891. S. V. Tupper was then elected and served until Mr.
Fleming returned and served until his death in 1907, when he was
succeeded by Joseph S. Raine.
In 1906 Mr. A. B. Andrews was elected manager and he served
until hiz) death in 1913. No successor was then elected but Mr. Raine
discharged the duties until 1917 when Mr. Wm. F. Dunbar was elected
manager. The Association has jurisdiction over the States of Virginia,
North and South Carolina, George, Alabama and Florida.
The present ofiicers are: Dowdell Brown, Commercial Union,
president; R. N. Hughes, Insurance Company of North America,
vice-president; W, F. Dunbar, manager.
The following is a list 1
£tOB. Hartford.
Acrlcultural. Watenown. N. V.
AUiance. Philadelphia.
American Alliance. New York.
American. Newark, N, J.
American Centrsl. St. l.ouli. Mo.
Atlaiiu Home Underwriters, Atlai
Atlantic Flic. Raleifh. N. C.
Atlas, of London, New York.
Atlaa Underwriura, New York.
Automobile. Hartford. Conn.
BoatiHi. BoMoa. Man.
Flcemen'g Undrrwriten Aiency. Newaik,
N.J.
Fiaoklln, Philadelphia.
Gemral Fire of Paija, New York.
I. Georgia Fire Underorlten. Atlanta. Ga.
Granite State, For
Gteat American. ^
[ordHartford Fire. Hinfotd. Conn.
Home. New York.
Jeney Fire Underwriten
London and Lancailure, Liverpool.
ford. Conn.
London & Scottish, New York.
Agency. St. Louis, Mo.
164
Cyclopedia of Insurance
National Union. Pittsburg. Pa.
Newark Fire, Newark. N. J.
Newark Fire Underwriters Agency,
Newark, N. J.
New Hampshire. Manchester, N. H.
New Haven Underwriters Agency, New
Haven, Conn.
New York Underwriters Agency, New
York
New Zealand, of Auckland, N. Z.
Niagara Fire, New York.
Niagara- Detroit Underwriters, New York.
Northern of Ix)ndon, New York.
Northern of New York, New York.
Northern Underwriters Agency, New York.
North British and Mercantile of London,
New York.
North Carolina Home. Raleigh, N. C.
North Carolina State. Rocky Mount. N.C.
Northwestern Fire and Marine, Minn.
Norwich Union, New York.
Old Colony. Boston. Mass.
Orient. Hartford. Conn.
Palatine of London, New York.
Patriotic of Dublin, New York.
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Philadelphia Underwriters, Philadelphia.
Phoenix, Hartford, Conn.
Phoenix, of London, New York.
Phoenix Underwriters. New York.
Piedmont, Charlotte, N. C.
Providence- Washington. Providence. R. I.
Queen of America, New York.
Reliance, Phila.
Rochester Depart., Great American
New York.
Royal, of Liverpool, New York.
Royal Exchange, of London. New York.
St. Paul Fire and Marine. St. Paul, Minn.
Scottish Union and National, of Edinbursli,
Hartford, Conn.
Security, New Haven, Conn.
Southern Home, Charleston, S. C.
Springfield Fire and Marine, Springfield.
Mass.
Standard Fire. Hartford, Conn.
Star of America, New York.
State of Liverpool. Hartford. Conn.
Sterling. Indianapolis, Ind.
Stonewall, Mobile. Ala.
Sun of London, New York.
Sun Underwriters Agency, New York.
Svea Fire and Life of Sweden. New York.
Tokio Marine & Fire of Japan. New York.
Underwriters Fire, Rocky Mount. N. C.
Union of London New York.
Union of Canton, Chicago, 111.
Urbaine of Paris, New York.
Victory. Philadelphia.
Westchester, New York.
Western. Toronto, Can.
Yorkshire. Eng.. New York.
SOUTHERN AUTOMOBILE UNDERWRITERS CONFER-
ENCE, Atlanta, Ga. Organized in May, 1916. The officers, elected in
October, 1921, are; R. N. Hughs, Insurance Company of North Ameri-
ca, president; Hinton J. Hopkins, Hartford Fire, vice-president;
Charles A. Bickerstaff, Fireman's Fund, treasurer; executive com-
mittee: Clarence Russ, Aetna; Milton Dargan, Royal, Atlanta;
R. B. Barnett, Fire Association; E. K. McDowell, North British and
Mercantile; E. M. Ransom, Commercial Union; R. H. Colcock, Jr.,
Liverpool and London and Globe, New Orleans; John J. McKay, ^few
Hampshire Fire, Macon; S. Y. Tupper, Jr., Queen, Atlanta; Charles
W. Phillips, Home, Atlanta, and the officers. John M. Harrison is
secretary and manager.
The Conference has jurisdiction over Virginia, Louisiana, Alabama,
Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, Arkansas and South Carolina.
SOUTHERN HOME INSURANCE COMPANY, Charleston,
S. C. Organized 191 1; capital, $200,000. Oscar E. Johnson, presi-
dent and treasurer; E. H. Pringle, vice-president; Dillard B. Sewell,
vice-president and secretary; J. J. Scott and F. M. Whaley, assistant
secretaries; R. W. Hunckel and Mrs. S. C. Bacot, assistant treasurers;
W. W. Mclver, secretary.
SOUTHERN MUTUAL (FIRE) INSURANCE COMPANY,
Athens, Ga. Organized 1847. Billups Phinizy, president; A. £.
Griffith, secretary.
Fire Insurance Section
165
SOUTHERN TORNADO INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, New
York. Organized 19 lo. The present officers, elected in May, 192 1,
are: vice-president, W. R. Prescott, Hartford Fire; secretary, W. L.
Dennis, Home, N. Y.: executive committee: L. Pfingstag, National
Liberty; W. Ross McCain, Aetna; W. S. Alley, North British and
Mercantile; J. C. Lester, Globe and Rutgers; A. R. Phillips, Great
American.
The membership list is as follows:
Aetna, Hartford
Agrictiltural, Watertown.
Alliance, Philadelphia.
American Alliance, New York.
American Central, St. Louis.
American Eagle, New York.
American, Newark.
Atlas, New York.
Automobile, Hartford.
Boston, Boston.
British America, Toronto.
California, San Francisco.
Camden Fire, Camden.
Citizens, St. Louis.
City of New York, New York.
Columbia, New York.
Commercial Union, New York.
Commonwealth, New York.
Connecticut Fire, Hartford.
Continental, New York.
Ddaware Underwriters, Philadelphia.
Dixie Fire, Greensboro.
Ea;^. Star & British Dominions. New
York.
Federal, Jersey City, Hartford.
Ftdelity-Fhenix, New York.
Fire Association, Philadelphia.
Fireman's Fund, San Francisco.
Fireman's, Newark.
Franklin Fire. New York.
Girard Fire & Marine, Philadelphia.
Glens Falls, Glens Falls.
Globe & Rutgers, New York.
Great American, New York.
Hampton Roads Fire & Marine, Norfolk.
Hanover Fire, New York.
Hartford Fire, Hartford.
Home Fire & Marine, San Francisco.
Home, New York.
Hudson, New York.
Imperial, New York.
Importers & Exporters, New York.
Insiuance Company of North America,
Philadelphia.
Insurance Company of State of Penn.,
Philadelphia.
Liverpool & London & Globe, Newark.
London & Scottish, New York.
London & Lancashire, Hartford.
London Assurance, New York.
Massachusetts Fire & Marine, New York.
Mechanics & Traders, Hartford.
Mechanics, Philadelphia.
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee.
National Fire, Hartford.
National Liberty, New York.
National Union, Pittsburgh.
Netherlands Fire & Life. Chicago.
Newark Fire (So. Dept.) , Atlanta.
New Brunswick, New Brunswick.
New HamjMhire, Manchester.
New Jersey Fire, Newark.
New York Underwriters, New York.
New Zealand, New York.
Niagara Fire, New York.
North British & Mercantile, New York.
Northern of London, New York.
North River, New York.
Norwich Union, New York.
Orient, Hartford.
Palatine of London, New York.
Patriotic, New York.
Pennsylvania Fire, Philadelphia.
Philadelphia Underwriters, Philadelphia.
Phoenix of London, New York.
Phoenix, Hartford.
Providence Washington, Providence.
Queen, New York.
Reliance, Philadelphia.
Rhode Island, Providence.
Rochester Dept. of Great American, New
York.
Royal, New York.
St. Paul Fire & Marine, St. Paul.
Scottish Union & National, Hartford.
Security, New Haven.
Springfield Fire & Marine, Springfield.
Standard Fire, Hartford.
Star of America, Newark.
State, Hartford.
Sun, New York.
Union of London, New York.
Union of Canton, Chicago.
United States, New York.
Victory, Philadelphia.
Westchester, New York.
Western Assurance, Toronto.
Yorkshire, New York.
SOUTHERN UNDERWRITERS, THE Greensboro, N. C. [See
George Washington Fire Insurance Company.]
166 Cyclopedia of Insukamcb
SPECIAL AGENTS' ASSOCIATION OF THE PACIFIC
NORTHWEST. The association was organized October 17, 1903,
with F. J. Alex Mayer, president, and Frank L. Hunter, secretary and
treasurer. The secretary's offices are in Portland and the objects
of the association are " to elevate the business of fire underwriting in
the states of Oregon, Washington, Montana and Idaho; to collect
and disseminate information of value to its members, municipal au-
thorities and the insuring public; to assist in the advancement of the
Fire Prevention movement and the reduction of fire waste, and to
co-operate with the insurance companies, state and municipal author-
ities, and other organizations, to these ends."
Two regular meetings are held, the annual and semi-annual, and
such special meetings as may be called. The annual meeting is held
on the first Friday and Saturday in December, and the semi-annual
meeting during the month of June.
The present officers are: Walter E. Bliss, Portland, president;
H. W. Randall, E. J. Young, Seattle, D. H. Parry, vice-presidents;
Ira P. E. Reynolds, Seattle, secretary and treasurer. The secretary's
offices are 601 Wilcox Building, Portland.
SPRINGFIELD FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Springfield, Mass., was incorporated April 24, 1849, and
organized April 9, 1851. The charter authorized fire, marine and
tornado insurance. The original capital was $150,000. The amount
was increased at different times, making the company's present capital
stock $2,500,000. Business was commenced in May, 1851, and at
first, embraced fire and marine lines. The latter was discontinued in
1861 and was resumed in 1919. The Chicago disaster involved the
company in the loss of $550,000, and the Boston loss was $260,000.
In the San Francisco disaster of April, 1906, the company's loss was
$1,639,063.39. The company's premium receipts during its first year
of business were $38,695.28. The net cash premiums for 1920 were
$13,618,836.02.
Edmund Freeman was chosen its first president and William
Connor, Jr., its first secretary. The company's present officers are:
A. W. Damon, president; Geo. G. Bulkley, vice-president; E. H
Hildreth, secretary; Walter B. Cruttenden, William A. Hebert. C. L
Garnett, F. E. Steele, assistant secretaries; F. H. Williams, treasurer;
Frank A. Schlesinger, assistant treasurer. Western Department,
Chicago, 111., A. F. Dean, resident director; Harding and Lininger,
managers; E. G. Carlisle, assistant manager; C. E. Varley, assistant
manager. Pacific Coast Department, San Francisco, Cal., Geo. W.
Dornin, manager; John C. Dornin, assistant manager. General
Marine managers: Talbot, Bird & Co., Inc., New York city. It has
agencies in all prominent localities throughout the United States and
Canada, including Alaska, Hawaii and the Phillippine Islands.
The present board of directors consists of James L. Pease, Mase S.
Southworth, Homer L. Bosworth, William A. Harris, A. Willard
Damon, Frederick Harris, Emerson G. Gaylord, George G. Bulkley,
Fire Insurance Section
167
Henry A. Field, Albert F. I>ean, Chicago, 111. The company's financial
strength as exhibited by five year periods since 1880, will appear from
the subjoined comparative exhibit.
Date
Capital
AMeU
Net Surplus
Dec.
31. 1880
$1,000,000
$2,082,585.00
$361,948.00
1885
1,000,000
2,803,437.00
410,543.00
1890
1.500,000
3.604,148.90
655.350.00
189s
1,500,000
3.845.145.00
614,609.00
1900
1,500,000
5,156,623.47
1,8x8,14341
190S
a,ooo,ooo
7.156,531.72
3,024,000.40
X9IO
3.000,000
9,968,142.86
2,642,281.16
X915
a. 500,000
11,695,373.60
2,580,666.63
X93I
2.500,000
20,384.250.00
4.56x,ixx.26
SPRINKLER LEAKAGE CONFERENCE, New York, N. Y.
Organized 19 11. The present officers, elected in February 1921, are:
Person M. Brink, Westchester Fire, chairman; W. B. Crane, vice-
chairman; Dwight G. Stone, Aetna Casualty and Surety, secretary
and treasurer; W. F. Roembke, general manager.
SPRINKLER LEAKAGE INSURANCE IN 192 1. Sprinkler
insurance covers loss or damage caused by the accidental discnarge or
leakage of water from automatic sprinklers installed in factories and
other buildings. The following is a statement of the business written
by fire insurance companies in 1921.
Net Premiums Net Loisea
Renewed Incumed
Aetna, Hartford $25,774 $18,372
Agricultural, Watertown, N. Y. 7.005 1,438
AUianoe, Pa 5«a94 1.17a
American, N. J 3.S66 915
American Alliance, N. Y 3.696 9x4
American Central, St. Louis 574 4
American Easle, N. Y 3.785 1.665
American EquiUble. N. Y. 8,012 2.678
American Fire 4.752 i3
American National 256 62
Atlas, London 1,773 1.452
Automobile, Hartford 77.964 33 .461
Bankers and Shippers, N. Y 2,475 0x9
Boston, Mass 8.X07 3.263
Caledonian, Scotland x,942
Caledonian American 182
Califomia, San Francisco 1.0x8 7
Camden, N. J. 5.529 x.676
Capital, N. H x8o 34
Central States, la 30 25
City of New York, N. Y 4.46x x,6i2
City of Penna 267 62
Cleveland National, Ohio
Columbia, N. J 10^ 916
Columbian 256 56
Commercial Union, England 8,531 i.o6x
Commercial Union, N. Y. xi 70
Commonwealth, N. Y X7.S30 6,455
Coocordia, Milwaukee, Wis. x,xo9 4
Comiecticut, Hartford 10,043 5.252
168
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Continental, New York ....
Detroit Fire and Marine, Mich. .
Detroit National
Dixie
Eagle, N.J
Employer's Fire, Boston
Equitable
Eagle Star and British Dominion
Equitable Fire & Marine, Providence
Fanners, York, Pa. ....
Fidelity, S.C
Fidelity-Phenix
Fire Association, Phila
Firemans Fund, San Francisco
Firemen's, N. J
Franklin Fire. Phila
Girard Fire and Marine, Phila.
Glens Falls, N. Y
Globe National. Pittsburgh .
Globe and Rutgers, N. Y. .
Granite State
Great American, N. Y
Great Lakes, Chicago ....
Hamilton, N. Y
Hanover, N. Y
Hartford, Conn
Hawke3re Securities ....
Home, N. Y
Home Fire and Marine, San Francisco
Hudson
Imperial, England
Insurance Co. of North America, Pa. .
International, N. Y
Inter-State, Mich
Iowa National
Knickerbocker, N. Y
Law, Union and Rock ....
Liberty, Mo
Liverpool & London & Globe, England
London Assurance, England .
London and Lancashire ....
London and Scottish ....
Lumbermen's Mutual ....
Massachusetts Fire and Marine
Mechanics, N. J
Mechanics and Traders, New Orleans
Mercantile, N. Y
Merchants, Col
Merchants Fire, N. Y. ...
Michigan Millers, Lansing (Mutual) .
Milwaukee Mechanics, Wis. .
Minneapolis Fire and Marine
National, Hartford
National Liberty, N. Y. ...
National Union
Newark Fire, N. J. ....
New Brunswick, N. J
New England
New Hampshire Fire, Manchester
New Jersey, Newark ....
New Zealand
Niagara Fire, N. Y
North British and Mercantile
North Carolina Home ....
North River, N. Y
Northern, London
Net Premiums
Net Losses
Renewed
Incurred
$19,785
S8,i8x
538
109
25
993
983
232
38
i8a
25
12,210
1,283
3.752
1.304
74
5
330
I
14.158
12,474
5.628
2.270
7,347
I.2S4
1, 001
13,558
5,517
262
908
14.443
2,671
3.785
771
19,022
4.374
38
26
24.793
7.056
I.OII
119
131.790
40,373
57
26
129.701
49.118
328
158
225
20
2.913
1.309
23,252
5.736
13.690
45
256
70
299
70
1.700
932
783
11
343
79
16,461
12,258
500
mm mm «■ ■«
1.096
1,128
238
33
4.538
X.5SS
381
155
53
186
15.106
3.488
57
530
190
735
253
4.275
1,226
183
26
702
1.706
34.826
3.154
1,297
318
2.154
576
2,028
299
70
4.432
2,838
2,465
7
64s
X
1 5. 391
4.052
86,379
18^469
252
75
lOX
11,665
10,859
Fire Insurance Section
169
Net Premiums Net Losses
Renewed Incurred
Northwestern Fire and Marine, Minn $210
Northwestern National, Mil 745 $57
Norwich Union 3t48x 4f4i5
Ohio Farmers, Lcroy, 0 1,281 5. 114
Old Colony. Boston 2,537 1,394
Omaha Liberty, Omaha. Neb
Orient, Hartford 1,022 623
Pacific 3,749 445
Palmetto 515 8
Palatine 4.398 939
Pennsylvania Fire, Phila 30,974 7,468
Phoenix, Hartford 14.466 5.134
Phoenix, England 3.014 4,861
Providence- Washington, R. 1 2,611 5,516
Preferred Risk
Queen, N. Y 47.509 17,254
Reliable 28 13
Reliance, Pa
Rhode Island 15,074 6,863
Richmond, N. Y 2
Royal, England 25,318 44
Royal Exchange 2,705 6,598
St. Paul Fire and Marine, Minn. 18,229 5. 189
Savannah 119 i
Scottish Union and National 9.2x4 6,598
Security, Conn 1.350 1,188
South Carolina 676 55
Southern Home 379 34
Springfield Fire and Marine 41.377 16.172
Standard, Conn i,495
Star, N. Y 4,273 i,594
State, England 1,162 575
Sterling, Ind 1,572 556
Sun, England 3,679 3.301
Underwriters, N. C 1,158
Union. England 1,190 348
Union of Canton, China 1,180
Union Reserve 10,398 778
United States Fire, N. Y 39^174 3,696
Utah. Home 95 814
Urbaine 3.057 925
Victory. Phila. 237
Westchester, N. Y. 19.912 11.232
Western Assurance 221 303
Yorkshire 1.635 201
Total, 1921 $1,180,832 $413,790
STANDARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Hartford,
Conn. Onranized 19 10; capital, $500,000. M. L. Hewes, president;
Louis R. Cheney, vice-president; H. B. Anthony, secretary; J. K.
Hooker, secretary.
STANDARD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of New
Jersey, Trenton, N. J. Organized 1868; capital $200,000. O. J.
Prior, president; K. G. Rocbling, vice-president; F. W. Wright,
second vice-president and treasurer; W. M. Crozer, secretary; R. J.
Carey, assistant secretary.
STANDARD MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited,
of Liverpool, England. W. J. Roberts, New York, United States
manager.
170 Cyclopbdu of Insukancb
STANDARD MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1892. James Henry, president; £. H.
Morris, vice-president; Edwin I. Atlee, secretary and assistant treas-
urer; Joseph Fling, treasurer; H. C. Evans and C. V. Hart, assistant
secretaries. (915 Commercial Trust Building.)
STAR INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA. Prior to
July 1st, 19 1 8, this Company was designated as The Liverpool and
London and Globe Insurance Company of New York. Home Office,
80 William Street, New York City. Executive Office, Washington,
Park, Newark, N. J., organized under the laws of the State of New
York, 1896, capital issued and fully paid, (500,000.
This Company is controlled by The Liverpool and London and
Globe Insurance Company, Ltd., of Liverpool, England; is operated
under the same management and being entered throughout the United
States (except Mississippi, New Mexico and Wyoming) is prepared to
transact all branches of Fire Insurance business. Its officers are
Thomas H. Anderson, president; Chas. A. Nottingham, vice-president;
Robert H. Williams, secretary. The directors are Walter C. Hubbard,
(Chairman), Thos. H. Anderson, Bertram H. Borden, Thatcher M.
Brown, James H. Burnside^ Francis I. Crisfield, Hugh Lewis, C. A.
Nottingham, Edward W. Sheldon, William H. Wheelock, William H.
Wildey.
The other branches are as under:
The Chicago Branch : H. T. Cartlidge and W. P. Robertson, associate
managers; A. C. Mollington, Deputy assistant manager; E. E. Wells,
agency superintendent.
The New Orleans Branch: J. G. Pepper, manager; R. H. Colcock,
Jr., assistant manager; Henry Ferchaud, Deputy assistant manager.
The San Francisco Branch: Clarence E. Allan, manager; Geo.
F. Guerraz, assistant manager; Logan B. Chandler, Deputy assistant
manager.
STATE DWELLING HOUSE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Concord, N. H. Organized 1885; capital, $25,000. Arthur P. Mor-
rill, president; William F. Thayer, vice-president; Obadiah MorriU,
secretary.
STATE ASSURANCE COMPANY, THE, LTD., of Liverpool
was established in 1891, and does a fire insurance and casualty business.
Its manager and secretary is Mr. Albert H. Heal. In 1897 the State
began an agency business in the United States, and is now under the
management of William Hare, at 100 Maiden Lane, New York City.
The company has $200,000 on deposit with the New York Insurance
Department and $200,000 with the Connecticut Insurance Department
for the benefit of all policyholders in the United States. Assets, United
States branch, December 31, 192 1, $1,245,378; liabilities $473,364.
Fire Insurance Section 171
STATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Des Moines, la. Organized
1917; capital paid in $100,000. H. O. Green, president; R. W. Ford,
vice-president; T. C. Bassett, secretary; S. C. Pidgeon, treasurer.
STATE MUTUAL FIRE ASSOCIATION, Sioux Falls, South
Dakota. Organized 1900. W. C. Buchanan, president; C. A. Berry,
vice-president; S. R. Nugen, secretary; Roy Nugen, treasurer.
STATE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Rutland,
Vt. Organized 1898. W. W. Nichols, president; C. B. Hinsman,
vice-president; J. R. Aoadley, secretary and treasurer.
STATE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. Provi-
dence, R. I. Organized 1855. John R. Freeman, president and
treasurer; Theo. P. Bogert, secretary and asastant treasurer; vice-
presidents, Benj. G. Buttolph, Edwin D. Pingree.
STERLING FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Indianapolis,
Ind. Organized 1911; cash capital, $850,000. Edward D. Evans
president; Lewis A. Coleman, vice-president; A. G. Dugan, vice-
president; Oscar L. Ross, secretary and treasurer.
STOCKHOLDERS. Viewed in a legal light, the rights, duties
and responsibilities of the owners of capital stock in an insurance
company do not differ materially from those of stockholders in compan-
ies organized for other purposes. The laws of the various states dif-
fer in degree on these points. In some states the liability of stock-
holders does not extend beyond the full-paid value of theu* holdings;
in others, it does. Because the institution of insurance is beneficent
in its character, public opinion is inclined to regard capital invested
in it with less consideration than it awards to money invested in com-
mercial enterprises, a disposition which partially accounts for the
more rigorous laws enacted for the conduct and regulation of insur-
ance companies. In so far as this attitude relates to fire and casualty
companies, in which the hazards are imminent and great, it is a mistaken
policy on the part of the state. The principle will not bear the same
application to life insurance, in which the amount of the hazard under-
taken is known with practicable exactitude. Once established and in
receipt of a going business, it is demonstrable that a life insurance
company requires no capital, particularly if it confines itself to the
writing of participating insurance. If, as in several notable instances,
the company transacts, in addition to a life business, the various
branches of casualty insurance, it is probable that a sufficient amount
of capital is an added security. In all branches of insurance the rights
of policyholders take precedence over those of stockholders and all
invested capital is held as surplus for the security of the former.
STONEWALL INSURANCE COMPANY, Mobile, Ala.
Organized 1866; capital, $150,000. Charles H. Brown, president;
Stewart Brooks, vice-president; John Gaillard, secretary and manag-
ing underwriter; R. Gaillard, assistant secretary.
172 Cycxopedia of Insukancb
ST. PAUL FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY,
St. Paul, Minn. Organized 1865; capital, $2,000,000. F. R. B^elow,
president; A. W. Perry, vice-president and secretary; J. H. Skinner,
vice-pre9ident ; J. C. \fcKown, C. A. Dosdall, R. N. Martin and L. B.
Grossmith, assistant secretaries; C. F. Codere, assistant to the presi-
dent.
ST PAUL MUTUAL HAIL AND CYCLONE INSURANCE
COMPANY, St. Paul, Minn. Organized 1897. L. C. Stebbins,
president; R. G. Walding, secretary. ^
STUYVESANT INSURANCE COMPANY, New York City,
(ill William Street). Organized 1850; capital, $700,000. J. S. Freling-
huysen, president; C. A. Garth waite, H. R. Chambers, vice-presidents:
G. F. Hutchings, secretary.
SUBURBAN FIRE INSURANCE EXCHANGE (New York)
was organized in December, 1907, and its objects as stated in its
constitution are: "to promote harmony among its members, to
determine adequate and just rates of premium of Fire, Tornado
and Cyclone insurance, to encourage the economical conduct of the
business, the prevention and extinction of fires, the prompt and
equitable adjustment of losses, the ascertainment of proper and
safe methods in the construction and occupation of buildings, and
the collection, preservation and dissemination of information valu-
able to the underwriter and to the property owner, within the ter-
ritory of its jurisdiction." The territory of the Suburban Fire Insurance
Exchange comprises the counties of Rockland, Putnam, Westchester,
Nassau and Suffolk; and so much of the Boro of Bronx as lies east of
the Bronx River; and all the Boroughs of Queens and Richmond,
except such portions thereof as are under the jurisdiction of the New
York Fire Insurance Exchange, viz.: Lon^ Island City and the Ameri-
can Dock Stores. All companies are eligible to membership. The
officers are: George A. Clarke, Home Insurance Company, New York,
president; F. Hoadley, American Insurance Company, Newark, N. J.
vice-president; Willard Chambers, North British and Mercantile,
treasurer. Henry E. Hess is secretary and manager of the Exchange.
(123 William Street, New York, N. Y.)
SUBURBAN NEW YORK FIELD CLUB. Organized in July,
1918, by special agents covering the suburban New York territory.
The present otticers elected in 192 1 are: President, A. M. Harned,
Home; vice-president, E. C. Ryan, Hanover; secretary, C. A, Moore,
Glens Falls; treasurer, Pomroy Lee, Hartford Fire.
SUFFOLK COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Southold, N. Y. Incorporated 1836, began business 1837. Samuel
Dickerson, president; S. Lester Albertson, vice-president; Albert A.
Folk, secretary; Nathan O. Petty, attorney.
Fire Insurance Section 173
SUNAPEE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sun-
apee, N. H. Organized 1884. Ernest P. Bartlett, president; Edward
S. Perkins, vice-president; Albert D. Felch, secretary; Leo. L. Os-
borne, treasurer.
SUN INSURANCE OFFICE of London was established as the
Sun Fire Office April 7, 1710, in London, and is the oldest insur-
ance company in the world, having had an experience of 212 years.
In the olden time it kept, like the other fire insurance ofl^ces, an
engine of the crude hand form, with thirty men, called "watermen,"
to take it to fires in property insured by the company. The water-
men were clothed in blue livery, and were assisted in the saving
of goods by twenty able-bodied porters, the entire force wearing
silver badges with the mark of the Sun. This device of the Sun,
wrought in lead, was nailed on houses insured by the company,
and continues to be the trade-mark of the company to this day.
In the course of many years the Sun Fire Office grew to be a
great and prosperous corporation, but its affairs were kept pro-
foundly secret, until the requirements of its American connection
impelled the directors to publish its accounts.
The Sun was admitted to New York August i, 1882, depositing
$200,000 with the insurance department at Albany, and in a few
months it had spread its business into all the important states of
the Union. The arrangements were made by Mr. F. B. Relton,
then secretary of the company, who had been with it nearly half a
century. He had purchased for the company the plant and business
of an American company, the Watertown Fire Insurance Com-
pany of Watertown, N. Y., and taken its manager, Mr. Uri S. Gil-
bert, to be manager of the United States branch of the Sun, with
headquarters at Watertown. A few years afterward Mr. J. J. Guile
was sent over from the home office to assist Mr. Gilbert. The
latter died suddenly in 1886, and Mr. Guile was appointed to suc-
ceed him. He removed the United States branch to New York,
where he continued until February 19 19, at which time he retired
from active business and Mr. Preston T. Kelsey, manager of the
Western Department of the Office at Chicago was appointed his
successor as the United States Manager. United States headquarters,
54 Pine Street, New York, N. Y.
The first report made by the company to the New York insurance
department, which was in 1883, of the business of the preceding
year, showed United States assets of $1,095,229 with a premium
income of $390,973.
In 1891, by special act of Parliament, the charter of the Sun Fire
Office was amended so as to add to its privileges the power to do
all kinds of insurance, and the name it had borne for 180 years was
changed to the Sun Insurance Office.
At the annual general meeting of the company in London, in
May, 192 1, the directors submitted a report of the business of 1920.
174
Cyclopedia of Insurance
The fire premiums received were $11,448,444, with losses of $5»564,387.
Total assets, January i, 1920, were $22,565,442. The capital of the
company is $12,000,000, of which $2,400,000 is paid up.
The chairman of the Sun is Hon. Sir William H. Goschen, and the
board of directors is composed of leading business men of London.
The United States assets of the Sun at the close of 1921, as
well as its income and expenditures, will be found in the table below :
Prrtniumt
Total
Total Bx-
Year.
Received.
$390,973
LoMee Pftid.
$x64.X54
Income.
$390,976
pendituree.
$3x3,467
Aaeets.
x883
$X,095.339
X883
1.078,6x0
630.995
X.XX4,83X
1.033. X04
X,47S.784
X884
1.3x9.960
783.9x3
X,37X,034
X,343.787
X.363,779
1.477.933
X885
X.16X.758
799.387
X,333,870
X.7X3,36x
X886
X. 076.640
7x5.6x8
X.X35.078
x,X30.x8o
X, 666,68 X
X887
970.059
718.095
X.040.X56
X.037.5X4
i,8xx.043
x888
I.X03,064
647.089
x,x6i,07x
X, OX 3,768
X, 936.303
X889
I.aii.377
795.XOX
X.384.X69
X. 3x3,405
X.956,33X
X890
X,455.3i8
765.3s X
1.530.967
X. 343.539
3.333,735
X89X
X.75S.I76
i.x 33.748
X. 836.344
x.733.459
3,5x0.368
X893
2.157.563
x.376.373
3,344.353
3, X 13.456
3,6 7 X, 350
X893
X.98X.608
X. 589.308
3.083,836
3,378,564
3,449.543
3,433. X65
X894
a.x69.9Z3
X, 144.05 3
x,66x.53X
X, 690,537
189s
3.066,403
X. 557.670
9x0.636
X, 683,668
i,4x6.34X
3,479.448
3,641,5x9
X896
795.489
X,655.X34
X,35X,937
X897
X.6X5.850
8x9.007
X,7X5.367
1,4x0,600
3.7 38, X 38
X898
x.579.a58
904.643
X, 678,363
I.506.OXX
3,734.973
3.6x6.935
X899
x.405.683
x.057.497
x.503,335
1.637.350
X900
X ,480.473
x.057.933
X,57X.867
x.655.345
3.595 .075
X90X
X.815.095
X.03X,790
X,900.303
1.730.705
3.7x6.457
1903
x.996.430
99X.990
3,093,74X
1.7x6.730
3.903,199
X903
3,033.549
1.007.983
3.X38.445
3,984.065
3.033. X 56
3.9 XX, 883
1904
3.339.8x7
X. 706.763
3.759.363
3.X95.44C
X905
a.396.977
X,X33.X36
3.538.498
a.546.746
4.54X,38l
3.X39.X68
X906
3,744.3 z 8
3.7x6.546
4.994.560
3.556,754
X907
3.8X9.39X
X. 308.504
x.558,476
994.8x9
3,594.301
3.790.767
X908
3.803,895
3.973.839
3,965.789
4.0IX,44S
1909
3.077.XI9
X,433.767
3.359.XOX
3.044.447
4.336,374
X9X0
3.050.567
x.447.333
3.32 X. 604
3.045.058
4.367.76a
X9XI
3,847.790
X.454.X80
X,450,3i8
3.X4X.945
3.060.747
3.0x4.988
4.5X8.97X
X9X3
3.833,596
3,970.644
4,633.987
X9I3
3,766,874
x,5 16,054
3.XX7.338
3.77X,899
4.833.336
1914
3.593.134
1,534.433
3.858,557
3.835.338
4.859.6x4
X9IS
3.358.331
1,301,757
3,698,191
3.668. X38
4.866,59$
1916
3,54X.400
x,30X.864
3.937.184
3.799,475
5 00 X. 639
X917
3,903.730
x,373.040
3.333.X65
3,884.756
5.306,790
X918
4.O03.SSO
1.835.733
4.499.013
3.859,653
5,863,308
1919
4.519.165
3,i56,iox
4.954.088
4,404.838
6.387.138
1920
4.532.739
2,200,753
5,347,197
4,841,655
6,658.217
1921
3.718.466
3,058,090
4.066.153
4,318.495
6.964,334
SUN MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Cincinnati. O.
Organized 1862. John G. Broxterman, president; A. Schmitt, Jr.,
vice-president; John H. Take, secretary; Henry Hater, treasurer;
Louis C. Brinkman, assistant secretary and surveyor.
SUPERIOR FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa«
Organized 1871; capital, $700,000.00. A. H. Trimble, president; Ed~
ward Heer, vice-president and secretary; J. D. C. Miller, secretary';
Fire Insurance Section 175
H. J. A. Finley, assistant secretary; T. Lee Trimble, executive special
agent; H. C. Cowpland, superintendent of agencies and £. H. Cook,
superintendent of agencies.
SVEA FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Limited,
of Gothenburg, Sweden. J. M. Wennstrom, United States manager,
loo WUliam Street, New York, N. Y.
SWISS REINSURANCE COMPANY. Zurich, . Switzerland.
Percival Beresford, United States manager, lOo William Street, New
York, N. Y.
SWITZERLAND GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY of
Zurich (marine business). Bertschmann & Maloy, attorneys. i6 Ex-
change Place, New York, N. Y.
SYSTEMS OF RATING IN FIRE INSURANCE. Although
the word " system " is used in this connection the commonly accepted
designation is " schedule." At least this was the designation given in
the fii^ " system " which came into eeneral use. It was known as
the *' Universal Mercantile Schedule, and was largely the work of
F. C. Moore, though he was assisted by James A. Silvey, George W.
Babb, Jr., and E. &. Richards, as a committee. The committee was
appointed in 1891, and its work, completed late in 1892, was given
practical application in various sections of the country in 1893. The
schedule was later pretty generally adopted.
A later schedule, which came into use in several of the western and
southern states in the early nineties, was known as the " Dean Sched-
ule." It was the work of Mr. A. F. Dean of Chicago, and was styled
by the author " Analytic System for the Measurement of the Rela-
tive Fire Hazard." It was designed for rating mercantile hazards.
The two schedules are still in use though modified from time to time as
experience and application suggested. They have also been a guide
in making up later schedules or systems. The " L. & L. Ratine Sys-
tem " was put out in 191 5 and is the work of A. E. Larter and W. S.
Lemmon, which contains features found in both the older schedules.
The system is designed to effect standardization of fire insurance
rating.
The most recent schedule, put forth in 19 16, is the work of Mr. E. G.
Richards and is styled by the author " The Experience Grading and
Rating Schedule, " and as the author states " designed to be a United
States standard for measuring fire insurance costs based upon combined
experience averages."
In very recent years fire insurance rating has been the subject
of much consideration and discussion, which led in 19 14 to the creation
by the National Board of Fire Underwriters of an actuarial bureau to
which companies might report their underwriting experience; the pur-
pose, or perhaps the hope, m view being ultimately^ to develop a rating
schedule, or system, based on the combined experience of companies.
T
TENNESSEE ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS
was organized at Nashville, in October, 1899, with the following officers;
Thomas Hart, president; James E. Beasley, N. A. Crocket, Edward
Maynard, vice-presidents; Sol Moyses, Chattanooga, secretary and
treasurer. The present officers, are: President, Stanley Lachman,
Chattanooga; secretary and treasurer. Miss Julia Hindman, Nashville.
TENNESSEE FIELD MEN'S ASSOCIATION. The club was
organized in July, 19 14, as the Tennessee Field Club, and re-organized
in 1 92 1 under its present title. The present officers, elected in July
1921, are: President, C. C. Woodcock; vice-president, Paul Eldridge Jr.;
secretary and treasurer, L. A. Anderson, Nashville Trust Building.
TEXAS ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AGENTS was
organized at Waco, June 15, 189 1, S. P. Cross of Cameron being elected
president; P. L. Downs, Temple, secretary, and J. L. Lee, Helton,
treasurer. The present officers elected in September 192 1 are: Presi-
dent, C. H. Walton, Forth Worth; vice-pwesident, W. B. Smith, Long-
view; second vice-president, P. W. Williams, El Paso; secretary and
treasurer, H. A. Lawrence, Forth Worth. 606 Flatiron Building.
TEXAS NATIONAL MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Fort Worth, Tex. Organized 1906. E. E. Bewley, president;
Glen Walker, secretary.
THAMES AND MERSEY MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, THE, LTD., of Liverpool, England. Frank H. Cauty, 27 Wil-
liam Street, New York, United States Manager.
TIVERTON AND LITTLE COMPTON MUTUAL FIRE IN-
SURANCE COMPANY, Little Compton, R. I. Incorporated 1865;
began business 1866. Pardon C. Brownell, president; Frederick R.
Brownell, secretary; J. G. Wordell, assistant secretary.
TOKIO MARINE AND FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Limited, Tokio, Japan. Appleton & Cox, Inc., attorney 1-3 South Wil-
liam Street, New York. N. Y., marine department. The company began
to write fire insurance business in the United States in 1918; reinsuring
the business of the Aachen and Munich Fire Insurance Company.
Johnson & Higgins are general attorneys for the fire insurance branch,
and J. A. Kelsey, managing underwriter.
TORNADO INSURANCE. This form of insurance is written
by fire insurance cotnpanies as a rule under a separate policy contract,
but now a combined fire and tornado policy is written on dvrel lings
Fire Insurance Section
177
and dwelling house property. The business is written more largely
in the south and southwest, although included in the class is damage
by windstorm, and written to a less extent in other sections of the
country. The following is a statement of the business in 192 1:
Aetna, Hartford ....
Agricultural, N. Y.
.Albany, N. Y
Allemannia
Alliance, Pa
.\mericah Alliance, N. Y.
American Central. Mo. .
American Ea^e, N. Y. .
.\merican Equitable, N. Y.
American Fire, N. Y. .
.\merican, N. J
.American, N. Y
American National, O. .
American Mutual. R. I.
Arkwright Mutual, Mam.
Atlas. England ....
Automobile, Conn
Baltimore American, Md.
Bankers and Shippers. N. Y.
Boston, Mass
British America, Toronto
Buckeye National, Ohio
Buffalo, N. Y
Caledonian American, N. Y.
Caledonian, Scotland
California, San Francisco
Camden. N. J. ....
Capital, N. H
Central. Md
Central National ....
Central States
Century. Eng
Citizens, Mo
City of New York. N. Y.
City of Penna
Cleveland National, O. .
Columbia. N. J
Columbian, Ind
Columbian National. Detroit
Commercial Union, England
Commercial Union, N. Y. .
Commonwealth, N. Y. .
Concordia, Milwaukee .
Connecticut, Hartford .
Continental, N. Y
County, Phlla
Detroit Fire and Marine
Detroit National ....
Dixie
Dubuque, Fire and Marine, Iowa
Eagle, Star and British Dominions
Eagle. N. J
Employers Fire, Mass. .
Equitable, N. Y
Equitable Fire and Marine, Hartford
Enterprise Mutual. R. I.
Fall River, Manufacturers Mutual
Farmers, N. D
Farmers, Iowa ....
Farmers, York. Pa.
Premiums
Net Losses
Received
Incurred
$911,844
$302,228
85,916
18,928
1,760
349
7,267
45
34,519
5.193
26,337
7.527
135,095
22,328
191,763
11.940
4,644
1,190
11,390
1,929
579,251
400,619
11,390
1,929
9,841
1.184
80,288
20,075
96,620
11,179
1,131
413
15.495
1,190
78,456
19,066
8,987
164
14,079
773
851
17,118
3,914
14.334
5,124
88,579
12,237
631
28
4.186
1,199
34.841
4,978
23.972
4.485
202,438
135.434
15,200
5.872
16,194
884
1,747
348
13,421
2.106
10,955
666
9,875
2,863
25.487
9.018
180,002
167.506
32.401
24.514
34.798
5.248
79.379
18,739
392,824
176,239
930,050
229,861
8,470
521
10,379
2,401
910
21
5,525
39,294
5.314
33,988
10,828
6,028
1,300
268
643
2X
13,490
4.761
127.311
40.575
209
X
178
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Federal. N.J
Federal Fire and Marine
Fidelity, N.C. ...
FideUty-Phenix, N. Y.
Fire Aasodation, Phila. . . , ' *
Firemen'a and Mechanics, Indianapolis
Firemens', N. J. . . .
Firemens' Mutual. R. I. .
Fireman's Fund. San Francisco.
Firemens' and Meclianics
Franklin, Pa. . . .
Girard Fire and Marine, Pa.
Glens Falls. N. Y.
Globe, Pa
Globe National, Sioux City, la
Globe and Rutgers, N. Y. . "
Grain Dealers Mutual, Boston
Great American, N. Y. .
Great Lakes, Cliicago
Great Republic
Great Western
Granite State, N. H. . ' ' *
HamUton, N. Y. .
Hanover, N. Y.
Hardware Dealen Mutual
Hartford, Conn.
llawkeye Securities
Henry Clay Fire, Loufaville, Ky. *
Home, N. Y.
Home Fire and Marine, Isan Francisco
Hudson, N. Y.
Illinois Fire, Chicago
Imperial, N.Y.
Importers and Exporters, N. Y. !
Indiana Lumbermen's Mutual, Indianapolis
Industrial, Ohio
Industrial Mutual. Boston .' ' ' '
Insurance Co. State of Penn., Phila.
Insurance Company of North America. Phila.
International, N. Y.
Inter State Mich.
Iowa National, Des Moines ....
Iowa Manufacturers Mutual, Waterloo
Keystone Mutual. Phila
Law Union and Rock, England .
Liberty, Mo
Liverpool and London & Globe, England *
London Assurance
London and Lancashire, Liverpool
London and Scottish
Lumbermen's Mutual
Manton Mutual, Pa
Manufacturers Mutual, R. I.
Marquette National, Chicago, III.
MassachusetrU Fire and Marine
Mechanics, Pa
Mechanics Mutual. R. I
Mechanics and Traders, New Orleans
Mercantile, N. Y
Mercantile Mutual, R. I
Merchants Fire, Col
Merchants, N. Y
Michigan Fire and Marine, Detroit
Michigan Millers Mutual, Lansing
Middlesex Mutual, Conn
Millers Mutual, 111
Premiums
Received
Net Losses
Incurred
S21.834
•5.158
20,846
677.809
185,462
3,461
132.097
2.951
249,877
37,857
1.367
30,207
367,228
3461
44,666
32,732
91,112
60.198
X.367
9.9x9
• 2.058
10,524
11,097
289.61S
X.312
92,236
526,665
2.322
5.040
410
1,541
16,998
132,994
X 83 .533
14
178
I
726
2,191
63,852
z, '28 1, 982
18.32s
19.626
1,379.275
15.947
44,871
404,384
3,6x6
6,X03
427,452
1,539
9,587
17,242
8,536
2.770
102
• • •• •• ••
2,508
X4S
6 1,233
508,907
68.966
1,136
26,851
24,835
IX. 068
153,064
16.640
437
5.974
3,38 X
12,242
13.636
233,289
24,249
67,596
4.024
6,098
347
X.04X
124.3x0
4.57X
9.424
150
26s
"i*2,'64i
1.473
17,884
3,550
II
2,S9X
37,451
37.814
'4.853
12.543
3,320
36,108
18,306
19,336
9,225
3,394
7.IS8
5.687
Fire Insurance Section
179
Mid-West, 111
MilIe-8 National, Chicago
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee, Wis.
Minneapolis Fire and Marine, Minn. .
Minnesota Fire, Chatfield, Minn. .
Minnesota Implement Dealers Mutual
Mississippi
National American, Omaha .
National, Hartford
National- Ben Franklin ....
National Liberty, N. Y.
National Mutusil, Penn.
National Reserve
National Security, Omaha, Neb. .
National Union, Pa
Netherlands
Newark, N. J
New Brunswick, N. J
New England
New Hampshire
New Jersey, Newark ....
New Zealand
Niagara, N. Y
Nippon, Japan
North American National
North British and Mercantile, England
North Carolina Home ....
North Carolina State ....
North River, N. Y
Northern, England
Northern, N. Y
Northwestern Fire and Marine, Minn.
Northwestern National, Wis.
Norwich Union, England
Ohio Farmers, Lcroy, O. . . .
Ohio Valley Fire and Marine
Old Colony, Boston ....
Omaha Liberty, Neb
Orient, Hartford
Pacific Fire, N. Y
Palatine, England ....
Psalmetto
Paper Mill Mutual, Mass. .
Patriotic
Pennsylvania Fire, Phila.
Peoples National, Phila
Phoenix, Hartford
Phoenix, England
Pittsburgh Fire
Providence- Washington, R. I.
Preferred Risk, Kansas City, Mo.
Queen. N. Y
Reliable Fire
Reliance, Pa
Republic, Texas
Republic. Pa
Retailers
Rhode Island, Providence, R. I. .
Richmond, N. Y
Royal, England
Royal Exchange, England
Rubber Manufacturers Mutual, Mass.
Safeguard, N. Y
Savannah
Scottish Union and National .
Security, Conn
Premiums
Net Losses
Received
Incurred
* $28,851
$12,033
129,505
20,570
7,162
S0.672
15,732
186
29,661
9.033
912,749
28,667
299.083
3.648
134.094
18,217
sUi3
387
3.197
4.731
226,529
129.142
6,975
1.S2I
27,833
2,810
17.014
3.71S
1,834
396
58,200
11,988
21,970
209
' 165,024
34.264
11,441
3S8
143,967
46,280
2,SS4
51
■ • >• «• ••
137.427
31.708
126,806
22,154
654
261
118,572
99,628
157,075
40,613
52,254
18.486
250,056
68.423
7,773
2.165
19,94s
3.367
25,590
6,564
65,290
8,601
17,865
2,327
83,417
95.987
15,102
2,640
'10,417
257
101,190
23.277
7,212 .
823
277,205
60,322
75,998
9.482
5.031
782
51,667
12,977
189,142
37.267
237
11
"35 Mi
7.166
3.771
S
8.281
963
36,820
5.609
26,433
3,348
364.874
146,839
38.995
4.878
9.993
963
1,145
I
66,826
IS. 346
222,602
65,591
180 Cyclopedia op Insurance
Premiums Net Losses
Received Incurred
Security. la •s8,7«9 $9,694
South Danvers Mutual, Mass
South Carolina 4.855 1.401
Southern Home 2.380 28
Springfield Fire and Marine, Mass 516,711 151.282
St. Paul Fire and Marine 462,003 583.810
Standard, Conn 12,067
Standard, N. J 35
Standard Mutual. Pa
Star, N. Y 37.592 10,763
Steriing, Ind 21,482 9.115
State Mutual. R. I
State. England 7.7X4 630
Stuyvesant, N. Y 15.221 1.782
Sun, England 77.451 12.546
Superior, Pittsburgh 17.668 4,081
Tokio Marine and Fire, Japan 6,570 920
Twin City, Minneapolis
Union, England 23.348 X4.58x
Union of Canton, China 33.749 4.717
Union Reserve 12,091 190
United Firemen's 3.265
United Mutual. Boston
United States Fire. N. Y 279,776 89,983
Utah Home 9,726 1.933
Urbaine 18.862 4,623
Victory, Phila 14.929 533
Virginia Fire and Marine 56
V UICSUI « • a « a • » a • ••••■■•■ ••••••••
Westchester. N. Y 188.982 54.304
Western, Toronto . .' 28,337 4.357
Western, Pa
What Cheer, Mutual, Mass.
Worcester Manufacturers Mutual, Mass
Wheeling 31S X4
Yorkshire . .' 6,294
Total, 192 1 $I5,620,84X $6,099i888
TRADERS' AND MECHANICS' INSURANCE COMPANY,
Lowell, Mass. Organized 1848. Edward M. Tucke, president and
treasurer; Edward W. Brigham, secretary.
TREZEVANT & COCHRAN, Dallas, Texas. EstabUshed 1876.
(J. T. Trezevant, Sam P. Cochran, F. D. Cochran, T. L. Lauve.), Field
covered, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and New Mexico.
TWIN CITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Minneapolis,
Minn. Organized 1913; capital, $500,000. R. M. Bissell, president;
Fred W. White, vice-president; John H. Griffin, vice-president and
treasurer; William Walsh, secretary; A. W. Jones, assistant treasurer;
Benjamin Herberg, assistant secretary. The company is controlled by
the Hartford Fire insurance company.
u
UNAUTHORIZED FIRE INSURANCE. The writing or
placing insurance in a comp>any not licensed to do business in the
state in which the risk is located, has been a subject of much discus-
sion, and legislation in several different forms h^ been enacted to
prevent the practice. The legislation, together with action taken by
state insurance officials and other agencies, has had effect, and this
class of business is less common than formerly. The legislation deal-
ing with this subject in some cases makes it a misdemeanor for a per-
son to place or hold a policy in a company not authorized to do busi-
ness in the state, and m other states a heavy tax on the premium is
imposed on the holder of such a policy. The Idaho courts have held
that such a tax law is unconstitutional. [See Reinsurance and Surplus
Line Laws, Fire Section.]
UNDERWRITERS' AGENCIES, JOINT POLICIES OF
FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES WRITTEN BY. [For action
of certain state insurance departments against "underwriters' " com-
binations of fire insurance companies, see Cyclopedia for 1898-99.]
In 1897 the Massachusetts department ruled that " underwriters'
agencies " policies were illegal. The action of the Massachusetts
commissioner was followed by similar rulings by the departments of
Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri and Michi-
gan. Such policies had previously been written all over the country,
but, with few exceptions, were " joint policies," the " underwriters'
agency " being composed of two or more companies, and but few such
** agencies " were in operation. In recent years so-called ** under-
writers' agencies " have greatly increased in number, and it may
be said differ somewhat from the earlier agencies, in that the large
majority of such policies, or " agencies," are guaranteed by a single
company, and are put forth in many cases to retain the agency repre-
sentation of a reinsured company. Underwriters' agencies have in-
creased greatly in recent years, and their status again brought to the
attention of state insurance officials.
The attorney general of Oklahoma has ruled that such agencies
are illegal unless it is shown clearly that such agencies are acting as
general agents of the parent company. The Wisconsin laws pro-
vide that ** no insurance company. dep>artment or general agency of
an insurance company ^hall issue any contract . . . |;iving the appear-
ance of a separate or independent insuring organization upon the part
of any department or general agency," and the name of the company
assuming the risk shall be set forth more conspicuously than that of
any department or general agency.
The Connecticut department early in 19 16 issued the following
ruling: " This department will not issue certificates to agents to rep-
resent Underwriters' Agencies. Your application for such agencies
182 Ctclopbdia of Insurance
will not be accepted unless you apply for the Company which writes
such policies."
The following is a list of the principal Underwriters' Agencies
in business when this record closed:
^toa Fire Underwriters, suaranteed by iGtna Insurance Company, Hartford.
Allegheny Fire Underwriters, guaranteed by Superior Fire Insurance Company
Pittsburgh.
Allemannia guaranteed by Allemannia Fire Insurance Company, Pittsburgh.
Allied Underwriters guaranteed by the Union Insurance Society, Canton, China.
American Alliance Insurance Association guaranteed by American Alliance and
Great American Insurance Companies, N. Y.
American International Underwriters, guaranteed by American Equitable and
Knidcerbocker Insurance Companies, New York.
American Underwriters' Agency, guaranteed by Insurance Company of
the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Associated Federal Underwriters, guaranteed by Federal Fire and Marine Ins. Co.
Col.
Atlanta Home Underwriters, guaranteed by Fireman's Fund Insurance Com-
pany, San Francisco, Cal.
Atlas Underwriters, guaranteed by Atlas Assurance Company, London.
Austin Underwriters, guaranteed by Republic Insurance Company, Austin, Tex.
Ben Franklin Underwriters, guaranteed by National-Ben Franklin Insurance
Company, Pittsburgh. Pa.
British Empire Underwriters, guaranteed by British America ' Assurance
Company of Canada.
British Underwriters, guaranteed by Scottish Union and National Insur-
ance Company, Hartford.
British and Federal Underwriters, guaranteed by Norwich Union Fire Insurance
Society.
California-Hawaiian Underwriters Agency, guaranteed by California Fire, Cal.i
and Home Insurance Company, Hawaii.
Calumet Underwritexa, guaranteed by National Union Insurance Company.
Pittsburgh.
Capital and Merchants and Bankers Dept. Great American Ins. Co., N. Y.
Central States Underwriters, guaranteed by North River and United States
Fire Insurance Company, New York.
Cincinnati Underwriters, composed of the Eureka Fire and Marine and
Security Insurance Companies of Cincinnati.
Colonial Fire Underwriters, guaranteed by the National Fire of Hartford.
Columbia Fire Underwriters, guaranteed by National Fire Insurance Com-
pany, Hartford.
Commercial Underwriters' Agency, guaranteed by Utah Home Fire, Salt Lake
City, Utah.
Commonwealth Underwriters, guaranteed by Republic Fire Insurance Com-
pany, Dallas. Tex.
Connecticut Underwriter's department guaranteed by Connecticut Fire, Hartford.
Constitution Underwriters, guaranteed by Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance
Company.
Continental Underwriters guaranteed by Continental Insurance Company.
Delaware Underwriters, guaranteed by Westchester Fire Insurance Com-
pany, New York.
Duquesne Underwriters, guaranteed by National Union Fire Insaraxice
Company, PitUburgh.
Equitable Insurance Alliance, p;uaranteed by Phoenix Fire and Equitable
Fire and Marine Insurance Compames. (Issued on Pacific coast only.)
Fire Insurance Section 183
Exchange Underwriters, guaranteed by Royal Exchange Assurance Com-
pany, London.
English American Underwriters, guaranteed by the London and Lancashire
Insurance Company.
Fire and Marine Underwriters, guaranteed by Automobile Insurance Company
Hartford.
Firemen's Underwriters, guaranteed by Firemen's Insurance Company,
Newark, N. J.
Forest City Insurance Agency, guaranteed by National Fire Insurance Company,
Hartford.
Georgia Fire Underwriters, guaranteed by the Royal Insurance Company.
Girard Underwriters, guaranteed by Girard Fire and Marine Insurance Company
of Philadelphia. Pa.
Glens Falls Underwriters Agency, guaranteed by Glens Falls Insurance Company.
Globe Fire Underwriters Agency, South Dakota, guaranteed by Minneapolis Fire
and Marine Insurance Company.
Globe Underwriters' Agency, guaranteed by Globe and Rutgers Insurance
Company, New York.
Great Western Underwriters, guaranteed by Marquette National and Great
Western Fire Insurance Companies, Chicago.
Hand-in-Hand Underwriters, guaranteed by Commercial Union Assurance Com-
pany. London.
Hawkeye, Des Moines, Underwriters, guaranteed by Fireman's Fund Insurance
Company. San Francisco, Cal
Hibernia Underwriters, guaranteed by Home Insurance Company, New York.
Holland American Underwriters, guaranteed by Netherlands Fire and Life
Insurance Company.
Home Underwriters, guaranteed by Home Insurance Company, New York.
Illinois Underwriters, guaranteed by the Hanover Fire Insurance Company,
New York.
International Underwriters, guaranteed by Republic Fire Insurance Company,
Dallas. Tex.
Iowa Underwriters, guaranteed by Dubuque Fire and Marine Insurance
Company.
Insurance Underwriters' Agency, N. Y., guaranteed by Insurance Company
of the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. ^
Jersey Fire Underwriters, guaranteed by American Fire Insurance Company
Newark. N. J.
Keystone Underwriters, composed of Globe, Union, Western and United Ameri-
can insurance companies, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Lafayette Underwriters The, guaranteed by Phoenix Fire, Abeille and Nationale*
Insurance Companies of Paris.
Liberty Underwriters, guaranteed by Capital Insurance Company, California.
London Underwriters' Agency, guaranteed by London Assurance Corpora-
tion.
Lumber Underwriters, guaranteed by Home Insurance Company, Fordyce,
Arkansas.
Manchester Underwriters, guaranteed by Atlas of London.
Manhattan Underwriters, guaranteed by Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance
Company.
McAlister Underwriters, guaranteed by Pilot Fire, Southern Underwriters and
Underwriters of Greensboro, Greensboro, N. C.
Mercantile Fire and Marine Underwriters, guaranteed by American Central
Insurance Company, St. Louis, Mo.
Mercantile Underwriters, guaranteed by Merchants Insurance Company, Denver,
CoL
Michigan Commercial Underwriters, guaranteed by Boston Insurance Company,
184 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Middlewest Underwriters, guaranteed by Twin City Fire Insurance Company.
Minneapolis.
Mid-West Dept. Des Moines, guaranteed by Phoenix Fire Insurance Company*
Hartford.
Milwaulcee Mechanics Underwriters, guaranteed by Milwaukee Mechanics Fire
Insurance Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
Minnesota l^nderwnters, guaranteed by St Paul Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Company, St. Paul, Minn.
Montreal Underwriters, guaranteed by Insurance Company of North America.
Phila. i>a.
National Underwriters, guaranteed by Hardware Mutual and National Hard-
ware Lcalers Mutual Insurance Companies, Huntington, Pa.
Newark Underwriters, guaranteed by Newark Fire Insurance Company, N. J.
New England Underwriters, guaranteed by the Capital Insurance Com-
pany of Concord, N. H.
New Haven Underwriters, guaranteed by the Security Insurance Company,
New Haven, Conn.
New York Fire Office, The, guaranteed by Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society,
N. Y.
New Yoi k-Califomia Underwriters, guaranteed by City of New York and Cali-
fornia insurance companies (issued only in California).
New York Underwriters' Agency, guaranteed by the Hartford Fire Insur-
ance Company.
New Zealand Underwriters, guaranteed by New Zealand Insurance Company.
Niagara-Detroit Underwriters, guaranteed by Detroit Fire and Marine.
Michigan Fire and Marine and Niagara Fire insurance companies.
Northern Underwriters, guaranteed by Northern Insurance Company. London,
England.
Northwestern Underwriters, guaranteed by the Northwestern National of
Milwaukee.
Nova Scotia Underwriters, guaranteed by Home Insurance Company, New
York, N. Y.
Occidental Underwriters, guaranteed by Fireman's Fund and Home Fire and
Marine Insurance Companies, (Pacific Coast.)
Phenix Underwriters, guaranteed by Fidelity Phenix Insurance Company.
Philadelphia Underwriters, guaranteed by the Insurance Company of North
America and the Fire Association, Philadelphia.
Phoenix Underwriters, guaranteed by Phoenix Assurance Company of London.
New York. N. Y.
Pittsburgh Underwriters, composed of the Allemannia of Pittsburgh and
the National- Ben Franklin. Su[)erior, and Republic insurance companies of Alle-
gheny. Pa.
Protector Underwriters, guaranteed by the Phoenix Insurance ConvMuiy,
Hartford. (Issued in Canada and on Pacific coast)
Providence Underwriters Agency, guaranteed by Providence- W^aahington Insur-
ance Company. R. I.
Republic Underwriters, guaranteed by Republic Insurance Company, Dallas,
Texas.
Rhode Island Union, guaranteed by Rhode Island Union of Paris Insurance
Companies, Providence, R. I.
Rochester Underwriters, guaranteed by the Great American Insurance Company,
New York.
Royal Underwriters, guaranteed by Royal Insurance Company, New York. N. Y.
Scotch Underwriters, guaranteed by the Caledonian Insurance Company.
Southeastern Underwriters, guaranteed by Palmetto Fire and Fidelity Fire,
Sumter, S. C.
St. Lawrence Underwriters, guaranteed by Western Assurance Company. Toronto.
Fire Insurance Section 185
Sun Underwriters Agency, guaranteed by Sun Insurance Office, London.
United American Underwriters, guaranteed by Twin City Fire Inaurance Com*
pany, Minneapolis. Minn.
United States Fire Underwriters, guaranteed by North River and United States
Fire Insurance Companies, New York.
Washington Underwriters, guaranteed by National Liberty Insurance Company,
New York. N. Y.
Western Insurance Underwriters, guaranteed by Superior Fire Insurance Com-
pany, Pittsburgh.
Winnipeg Underwriters, Canada, guaranteed by Home Insurance Company*
New York.
Wisconsin Underwriters Department, guaranteed by Concordia Fire Insurance
Company. Milwaukee. Wis.
UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA. The
local fire insurance agents of Alabama met in convention at Mont-
gomery, January 20, 1897, and organized this association, with the
following officers: J. L. Dean, Opelika, president; J. G. Smith,
Birmingham, vice-president; M. M. Sweatt, Montgomery, secretary
and treasurer; H. C. Davidson and Leopold Strauss, Montgomery;
R. H. Mabry, Selma; Samuel L. Cook, Anniston; J. K. Glennon,
Mobile, executive committee. The officers elected at the annual
meeting in April, 1921, are: Leroy A. Porter, Montgomery, president;
Ed. S. Moore, Birmingham, secretary and treasurer; C. L. Ganby,
assistant secretary and treasurer.
UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE MIDDLE
DEPARTMENT. January 28, 1881, a few supervising and adjust-
ing agents, having charge of the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Delaware and Maryland, held a meeting, and, believing "that a
thorough concert of action" and acquaintance with the views of
agents relative to the best interests of underwriting were necessary,
agreed to form a permanent organization, which was effected July
19, 1881. The officers elected were: President, A. J. Foster; vice-
president, J. B. Kelsey; secretary and treasurer, W. C. Goodrich.
On May 9, 1883, a reorganization took place, creating thereby the
Underwriters' Association of the Middle Department, the object of
which is the systematic interchange of information and co-operation
among field men. Quarterly meetings are held.
The territory covered by the association is Pennsylvania (except
the counties of Allegheny, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery,
and Philadelphia); New Jersey (except the counties of Essex and
Hudson); Delaware (entire state) ; Maryland (except city of Baltimore);
West Virginia (counties of Berkeley, Jefferson and Morgan only). The
offices of the association are at 316 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
186
Cyclopedia of Insurance
The officers of the association since organization have been
President.
Vice-President.
Secretary.
1883
E. C. Irvin.
T. H. Mitchell.
W. C. Goodrich.
1884
E. C. Irvin.
J. H. MitcheU.
W. C. Goodrich.
1885
J. H. MitcheU.
B. H. Wood.
W. C. Goodrich.
1886
WUliam Muir.
John Tenney.
W. C. Goodrich.
1887
William Muir.
John Tenney.
W. C. Goodrich.
1888
William Muir.
Alfred Rowell.
W. C. Goodrich.
1889
Alfred Rowell.
J. B. Kremer.
E. 0. Weeks.
E. R. Clemenoe.
1890
J. B. Kremer.
E. 0. Weeks.
E. R. Clemenoe.
1891
W. N. Kremer.
E. R. Clemence.
Z893
W. N. Kremer.
A. N. Stewart.
E. R. Clemence.
1893
H. 0. Kline.
R. H. WUson.
X894
A. N. Stewart.
R. H. Wilson.
E. R. Clemence.
X895
W. C. Goodrich,
R. H. Wilson.
E. R. Clemence.
1896
R. H. Wilson.
M. Lewin Hewes.
E. R. Clemence.
1897
James S. Catanach.
Benjamin Bevier.
E. R. Clemence.
1898
Benjamin Bevier.
Thomas C. Temple.
E. R. Clemence.
1899
Thomas C. Temple.
Wm. B. KeUey.
E. R. Clemenoe.
1900
C. J. Irvin.
Chas. F. Hawes.
E. R. Clemence.
Z90I
Chas. F. Hawes.
Edw. B. Creighton.
E. R. Clemence.
Z903
Edw. B. Creighton.
L. Wiederhold. Jr.
L. Wiederhold, Jr.
E. R. Clemence.
Z903
Paul Turner.
E. R. Clemence.
1904
Paul Turner.
R. C. Christopher.
E. R. Clemenoe.
I9OS
R. C. Christopher.
M. L. Ward.
E. B. Creighton.
Z906
G. A. Russell.
J. Woods Brown.
E. J. Haynes. Jr.
E. B. Creighton.
1907
A. E. Duncan.
E. B. Creighton.
1908
E. J. Haynes, Jr.
F. K. Patterson.
E. B. Creighton.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Z9O9
F. K. Patterson.
Geo. A. Clarke.
I9IO
Geo. A. Clarke.
Chas. M. Kerr.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Z9IZ
Chas. M. Kerr.
A. F. Sanford.
Z9xa
A. F. Sanford.
1 H. N. Dickinson
\ U. 0. MichaeU.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Z9Z3
U. 0. MichaeU.
E. A. Innes.
Louis Wiederhold, Jr.
Z9X4
E. A. Innes.
S. M. Wilson.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Z915
S. M. Wilson.
G. G. Plyer.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Z9z6
G. G. Plyer.
R. H. M. Stuart.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
X9I7
R. H M. Stuart.
H. W. Chapman.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Z9X8
H. W. Chapman.
F. H. Walker.
19x9
F. H. Walker.
W. R. Adams.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
1920
W. R. Adams.
H. M. Zweig.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
I92Z
H. M. Zweig
W. L. Beecher.
1933
W. L. Beecher
Fred G. Smith
Louis Wiederhold. Jr.
The officers elected at the annual meeting in January 1922, are:
W. L. Beecher, president; Fred G. Smith, vice-president; Louis Wieder-
hold, Jr., secretary; executive committee: F. W. Sippell, Chairman,
R. H. M. Stuart, Wm. B. Hammond, C. M. Tyler, Wm. H. Sutton,
Walter H. Evert, W. S. Bachman, William Y. Young, Tohn P. Frazicr,
W. G. S. Savage. A. O. Denzel. C. H. Knoche, Nevin N. H nested, A. J.
Towne, Carl A. Stroebel, Wm. Morrison, F. I. Mosher, J. T. Robertson.
The following is list of standing committees: Constitution, By-
Laws and Rules: C. M. Kerr, Chairman, Henry M. Zweig, H. O.
Kline, S. M. Wilson, F. L Mosher, Fred G. Smith, R. H. M. Stuart,
Philip C. Burnham.
Schedule committee: Wm. G. Mockett, chairman, J. C. Blair, F. H.
Walker. S. H. Schoch, Walter H. Evert, Chas. O'Neill. J. H. Bonney.
Fire Insurance Section
187
UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK. This association, which is a rating and supervising
body, having jurisdiction over the state of New York, except Long
Island and the counties of New York, Richmond, Westchester, Put-
nam, and Rockland, and the city of Buffalo and Tonawanda, was
organized at Syracuse, September 13, 1883.
At a meeting of the association held at Syracuse in January 1922,
officers were elected as follows: President, G. P. Peck, Pennsylvania
Fire; vice-presidents, J. M. Donald, Great American; W. D. Hunter,
Westchester; secretary, F. W. Jenness, 700 Gurney building,Syracuse,
N. Y.; assistant secretary, Lawrence Daw; executive committee,
W. C. Roach, chairman, Aetna, Robert Forrest, New York Under-
writer's, R. F. Van Vranken, Home, J. H. Perry, Globe- Rutgers, G. W.
Ingalls, American Eagle, A. Birchenough, New Hampshire, W. H.
Taylor, American Central, L. C. Breed, National Hartford, F. S.
Lindsay, American, N. J., H. W. Birchard, Insurance Company State
of Pennsylvania.
UNDERWRITERS BUREAU OF THE MIDDLE AND
SOUTHERN STATES, New York, N. Y., was organized January 7,
1892, for the purpose of inspection of sprinklered properties and large
special hazard risks. The organizers were the Phenix of Brooklyn,
Queen, and Great - American, New York, and National Fire, Hart-
ford, and the bureau office is i Liberty Street, New York. Elliott
Middleton, secretary, and F. A. Hubbard, treasurer, and the executive
committee is composed of the following companies: Northern Assur-
ance, Home, Agricultural, Royal, Hartford Fire, Niagara, Westchester,
Aetna, Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company. The
following companies are members of the bureau.
iStna, Hartford, Conn.
A^icultural, Watertown, N. Y.
American. Newark, N. J.
American Central. St. Louis, Mo.
Atlas, England.
Automobile of Hartford.
Boston, Boston. Mass.
Caledonian, Scotland
Camden Fire, Camden. N. J.
Commercial Union. England.
Connecticut Fire, Hartford. Conn.
Delaware Underwriters', Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Fire Association, Philadelphia, Pa.
Fireman's Fund, San Francisco, Cal.
Genera] Fire, Paris
Glens Falls, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Great American. New York, N. Y.
Hanover, New York, N. Y.
Hartford Fire, Hartford, Conn.
Home, New Yoilc, N. Y.
Insurance Co. of North America, Phil<
adelphia. Pa.
Liverpool and London and Globe, Eng*
land.
London and Lancashire, England.
London and Scottish, London.
National Fire, Hartford.
Newark Fire, Newark. N. J .
New Hampshire. New Hampshire.
New York Underwriters. New York,
N. Y.
Niagara Fire, New York.
North British and Mercantile, England.
Northern. England.
Norwich Union, England.
Pennsylvania Fire, Phladelphia, Pa.
Phoenix, Hartford, Conn.
Phoenix, London. England.
Providence Washington. Providence, R. I .
Queen, America.
Rochester Dept. of Great American.
Royal, England.
Royal Exchange, England.
Scottish Union & National, Scotland.
Security, New Haven. Conn.
Springfield Fire and Marine. Springfield.
Mass.
St. Paul Fire & Marine. St. Paul, Minn.
State Assurance Co.
Sun, London.
Svea Fire and Life, Sweden.
Tokio Marine and Fire, Japan
Westchester, New York. N. Y.
Western Toronto.
188
Cycxopedia of Insurance
UNDERWRITERS' BUREAU OF NEW ENGLAND. Organ-
ized 1894. The bureau has offices at 141 Milk street, Boston, and
George Neiley is treasurer and Gorham Dana, secretary and manager;
W. D. Milne, superintendent of surveys; H. S. Poole, Home, chairman
of executive committee. Executive committee, Automobile, Hartford;
Aetna, Hartford; Great American, New York; Hartford Fire, Hart-
ford, Conn.; North British and Mercantile, New York; Home, New
York; Insurance Company of North America, Philadelphia; New Hamp-
shire F'ire, Manchester, N. H.; Commercial Union, New York, N. Y.
The bureau maintains the following corps of inspectors: K. F.
Akcrs, R. A. Barron, F. R. Bradford, A. F. Brown, N. A. Buchter,
\V. E. Carran, G. M. Chamberlin, H. G. Clarke, J. M. Colby, C. VV.
Eddy, H. L. Farnham, A. E. Gale, F. T. Gillxjrt, E. N. Harriman,
C:. E. Kear, E. L. Moore, H. C. Newell, I. E. Peak, E. P. Pitts, S. R.
Robertson, C. Saville, P. N. Storer, \V. A. Strangman, C. H. Taplev,
E. H. Tenney. F. S. Welsh, C. M. Whitaker, V. M. Whitman, W. T.
Wiley, C. H. Williams, F. E. Dunn, H. A. Burpee, and R. H. Terry.
The companies active members of the Bureau are:
£tna, Hartford.
Agricultural. Watertown, X. Y.
Atlas Assurance, London.
American Central. St. Louis.
Automobile. Hartford.
Boston, Boston.
British America. Toronto.
Caledonian, N. Y.
Commercial Union.
Delaware Underwriters.
Fire Association, Philadelphia.
Firemans Fund, San Francisco
General F'ire.
Glens Falls. Glens Falls, N. Y.
Great American, New York.
Hanover, N. Y.
Hartford Fire, Hartford.
Home, New York.
Insurance Coniiiany of North America,
Philadelphia.
Liverpool & London & Globe, London.
London and Lancashire.
London and Scottish.
Massachusetts Fire and Marine, Boston.
National Fire, Hartford.
New Hampshire Fire.
New York Underwriters' Agency, N. Y.
Niagara, N. Y.
North British and Mercantile.
Northern Assurance, London.
Norwich Union.
Phoenix Fire, Hartford.
Phoenix Assurance. London.
Providence Washington.
Queen, New York.
Royal, Liverpool.
Royal Elxchange.
Scottish Union and National.
Security, New Haven, Conn.
SprinRtield F""ire and Marine.
Sun Insurance Office, London.
Svea Fire & Life.
V\'estchester Fire, New York.
Western, Toronto.
UNDERWRITERS FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Rocky
Mount, N. C. Organized 1906; capital $51,500. M. R. Braswell,
president; Cxeorge Hackney, vice-president; J. C. Braswell, treasurer:
VV. S. Wilkinson, secretary and general manager.
UNDERWRITERS' FIRE PATROL OF SAN FRANCISCO.
Organized April i, 1875, with E. D. Farnsworth president, and
Charles A. Laton, secretary. The present officers are: F. J. Devlin,
president; Dixwell Hewitt, vice-president. W. M. Speyer, secretar\'
and treasurer. The directors are: F. J. Devlin, W. M. Sf>eyer, Carl
A. Henry, Dixwell Hewitt, Ray Decker, C. E. Allan and H. P. Blan-
chard. J. E. Sullivan is captain, with headquarters at 147 Natoma
Street. The Patrol is housed in two stations and equipjjed throughout
with motor vehicles.
Fire Insurance Section 189
UNDERWRITERS' LABORATORIES, incorporated 1901. Es-
tablished and maintained by the National Board of Fire Underwriters,
for ser\'ice — not profit. 207 East Ohio Street, Chicago, 111.
They are supported by the stock fire insurance companies doing
business in the United States, are engaged exclusively in experimental
work in fire protection engineering and testing of devices and mate-
rials having a bearing on fire hazard, and the prevention of thefts and ac-
cidents. In this latter work, the National Workmen's Compensation
Service Bureau co-operates. This plant is the only thing of the kind in the
world and has grown to its present size and importance from a begin-
ning made in the early nineties in the establishment by the Western
Insurance Union and the Chicago Underwriters' Association of a small
room for testing electrical fittings on the second floor of one of the in-
surance patrol houses in Chicago. The present organization was
chartered by the Illinois legislature in November, 1901. This organ-
ization, upon which the insurance interests largely depend for correct
estimates of the value of fire extinguishing appliances and fire resist-
ive materials and methods of construction, as well as for correct meth-
ods of safeguarding as far as practicable lighting and heating devices,
and the prevention of accidents, has the support and co-operation of
manufacturing companies interested in fire resistive wares and con-
struction.
STAFF
The present cffcers are: Chairiran, Beard of Directors A. G. Diigan, Chicago^
Chairxran Eir.eiitus, Kerry C. Eddy, Chicago; president. William H. Merrill, Chicago'
vice-presidents, Dana Pierce, New York; and A. R. Small, Chicago: secretary, D-
B. Anderson, Chicago; treasurer, L. B. Headen, Chicago; board of directors, the
Chairman and F. C. Buswell, New York; Sheldon Catlin, Philadelphia; C. E. Dox,
Chicago; J. C. Harding, Chicago; C. W. Higley, Chicago; R. B. Ives, Chicago; W.
E. Mallailieu, New York; John Marshall, Jr., San Francisco; John B. Morton, Phila-
delphia; W.P.Robertson, Chicago; O. E. Schaefer. New York; H. A. Smith, Hart-
ford; W. H. Stevens, Watertown, N. Y.; Chas. R. Tuttle, Chicago; W. H. Merrill,
Chicago.
Protection Department. Protection Engineer, Fitzhugh Taylor.
Roof Coverings, Fire Doors, Hardware, Safes, Building Material, Windows. Divi-
sion Engineer, R. K. Porter.
Fire Shutters, Structural Materials, Miscellaneous Retardants. Associate Engineer,
J. B. Finnegan.
Hydraulic Department, Including Automatic Sprinklers and Fittings. Engineer, R.
W. Hendricks.
Electrical Department, Vice-President and Electrical Engineer, Dana Pierce.
Afitodate Engineer, B. H. Glover. Assistant Engineer, Edgar P. Slack.
Gases and Oils Department. Engineer Gases and Oils, E. J. Smith, Associate
Engineer. C. R. Welbom.
Chemical Department. Chemical Engineer, A. H. Nuckolls. Assistant Engineer,
C. J. Krieger. Special Assistant Chemist. C. A. Tibbals.
Casualty Department. Engineer, C. R. Ailing. Mechanical Engineer, S. V.
James. .Assistant Engineer, H. B. Michael,
Label Service Department. Superintendent Label Service, C. R. D. 'Olive. Agents
and Inspectors throughout United States and Canada.
Office. Secretary, D. B. Anderson. Treasurer, L. B. Headen. Assistant Secre-
taries. G, T. Bunker; B. E. Blanchard. Chief Clerk, N. S.Neal.
Fire Council: H. Foster Bain, Washington; Geo. W. Cleveland, Detroit; Gorham
Dana, Boston; Wm. F. Dunbar, Atlanta, Ga.; H. H. Glidden, Chicago; C. M. Goddard,
Boston, Mass.: Alf. W. Hadrill, Montreal, Canada; C. A. Hexamer, Philadelphia, Pa.;
C. T. Ingalls, Oklahoma City; F. W. Jenness, Syracuse, N. Y.; M. F. Jones, Boston,
190 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Mass.; Geo. A. Madison, St. Louis; W. E. Mallalieu. New York; W. H. Merrill
Chicago; Elliot Middleton, New York; E. F. Mohrhardt, San Francisco, Gal.; Isaac
Osgood. Boston; H. L. Phillips. Hartford, Conn.; Benjamin Richard. Chicago: W. O.
Robb, New York; E. M. Sellers, Indianapolis; T. B. Sellers, Columbus, Ohio; F. J. T.
Stewart, New York; S. W. Stratton, VVashington, D. C; G. C. Taylor, Ghicago;
Paul VV. Terry, St. Louis, Mo.; R. J. Trimble, Pittsburgh, Pa.; L. Wiederhold, Jr.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Casualty Council: L. L. Allen, Nashville, Term.; H. Foster Bain, Washington;
Lewis Bryant, N. J.; G. E. Connolly, Oklahoma City, Okla.: R. J. CuUen. New York;
Byron Cummings, New York; J. S. B. Davie, Concord, N. H.; W. P. Eales, Hartford,
Conn.; R. H. Fletcher, Lansing, Mich.; J. H. Garrett, Boise, Idaho; Percy Gilbert,
Olyrapia, Wash.; C. H. Gram, Salem, Ore.; R. H. Gunagen, New York; R. S. Hayes,
Columbus, Ohio; F. A. Kennedy, Lincoln, Neb.; F. W. Lawson, Ghicago; J. C.
McCare, Detroit; W. H. Merrill, Chicago; N. R. Moray, Hartford, Conn.; Charles
Ne'.son, New York; Lew R. Palmer, New York; R. H. Pearson, New York; J. W.
Rauch, Baltimore, Md.; C. N Smith, Chicago; G. D. Smith, Carson City. Nev.;
A. E. Spriggs, Helena, Mont ; S. W. Stratton, Washington, D. C; E. L. Sweetser,
Boston, Mass.; A. L. Ulrick, Des Moines, la.; D. Van Schaack, Hartford, Conn.;
J. Walker, Harrisburg, Pa.; A. W. Whitney, New York, S. J. Williams, Chicago;
E. E. Witte, Madison, Wis.; H. M. Wolfin, San Francisco, Cal.; J. R. Young, Raleigh,
N. C.
Electrical Council: L. A. Barley, Denver, Colo.; H. N. Beecher, Los Angeles. Cal.;
W. S. Boyd, Chicago. III.; F. R. Bradford. Boston, Mass.; G. E. Bruen. New York;
W.J. Burke, Boston, Mass.; F. A. Cambridge, Winnipeg, Can.; M. E. Cheney, Seattle.
Wash.; B. W. Clark, Detroit, Mich.; F. R. Daniel, Milwaukee, Wis.- R. L. Daniel,
Minneapolis, Minn.; Washington Devereux, Philadelphia, Pa.; F. O. Evertz, Colum-
bus. Ohio; J. H. Fenton, St. Louis, Mo.: J. C. Forsyth, New York; O. M. Frykman,
Minneapolis. Minn.; M. B. Gleeson, Philadelphia, Pa.; B. H. Glover. Chicago. 111.:
Warren Hadley, Washington, D. C; E. C. Horton. Buffalo. N. Y.; D. M. Hosford,
Cleveland, O.; W. B. Hubbcll, Cincinnati. Ohio.; L. C. Ilsley, Pittsburgh; W. W.
Johnston, Pittsburgh; M. F. Jones, Boston, Mass.; W. D. Matthews, •Chicago. III.;
C. W. Mitchell, San Francisco. Cal.; F. H. Moore, In-Manapolis, Ind.; I. Oag(>od,
Boston, Mass.; H. A. Patton, Seattle, Wash.; Dana Pierce, New York, N. Y.; F. A.
Raymond, New York; A. M. Schoen, Atlanta. Ga.; W. L. Smith, Boston, Maas.;
R. P. Strong, New Orleans, La.; H. H. Sutton, Dallas. Tex.; Ralph SweeUand, Boston,
Mass.; C. M. Tait. Montreal, Can.; V. H .Tousley, Chicago, 111,; F. D. Vamum, St.
Paul, Minn.; W. W. Vaughn, Syracuse.; F. D. Weber, Portland, Ore.; A. G. Wilbor,
Hartford, Conn.; W. W. Wise, New York; H. S. Wynkoop, New York.
Au'omobiU Council F. D. Bennet, Boston, Mass.; A. R. Goodale* Hartford;
J. H. King, Toronto; T. A. Kruse, New York; W. H. Merrill, Chicago; J. V. Parker
Chicago; H. Ryder, New York; A. R. Small, Chicago, III.; C. S. Timberlake, Hartford
Conn.; S. Tupper, jr., Atlanta, Ga.; J. D. Vail, Chicago, 111.
Buralary Protection Counil: R. A. Algire, New York. N. Y.; C. R. Ailing, Chicaso,
111.; ,E. B. Anderson, New York, N. Y.; S. B. Brewster, New York, N. Y.; H. W. Cluff,
New York, N. Y.; H. B. Michael, Chicago. 111.; R. W Meyers, Hartford, Conn.;
Dana Pierce, New York. N. Y.
Branch offices in charge of an inspector or agent, have been
established in approximately one hundred and thirty of the larger
cities and manufacturing centers in the United States and Canada.
UNDERWRITERS OF GREENSBORO, Greensboro, N. C.
Organized 1898; capital, $100,000. A. W. McAllister, president and
treasurer; R. G. Vaughn, first vice-president; A. M. Scales, second
vice-president; C. A. Mebane, secretary; W. L. Sharpe, assistant
secretary.
UNDERWRITERS' PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION (sal-
vage corps) of Newark was organized in July, 1879, with the fol-
lowing officers: President, Silas Merchant; vice-president, H. J.
Pionier; secretary, F. H. Dawes; treasurer, I. H. Lindsley. The
present officers are: President, Fredirick Hoadley; vice-presicient,
\
Fire Insurance Section 191
Chas. M. Henry; secretary, Charles S. Dodd; treasurer, Thomas C.
Moffat; executive committee: Frederick Hoadley, Charles S. Dodd,
Thomas C. Moffat, Charles M. Henry, Wm. A. Hall, A. H. Hassinger,
and Arthur D. Reeve. John W. Sutphen is superintendent of the corps.
UNDERWRITERS SERVICE ASSOCIATION, Insurance Ex-
change, Chicago, 111. Branch offices:^ Detroit, Mich., Cleveland, Ohio,
Columbus, Ohio, St. Louis, Mo., Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1915 as
the Western Improved Risk Association; the present title bein?
adopted in 1918. W. G. Sanderson is manager and J. C. Wilson and
P. Eriksen, assistant managers. The present officers, elected in March
1922, are: J. M. Thomas, Fire Association, president; W, F. Watson,
Aetna, vice-president; L. J. Braddock, Insurance Company North
America, secretary and treasurer; executive committee: W. M. Lerch,
Great American; W. H. Lininger, Springfield Fire and Marine; E. W.
Law, Royal; W. E. McCullough, Queen.
The following are the company members:
Aetna. Northern of London.
Fire Association of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Fire.
Fireman's Fund. Phoenix, Hartford.
Gkns Falls. Queen.
Great American. Royal.
Insurance Company of North America. Springfield Fire and Marine.
Liverpool and London and Globe. St. Paul Fire and Marine.
Niagara Fire.
UNION ASSURANCE SOCIETY, Limited, London, England.
Whitney Palache, United States manager; F. W. Koeckert, assistant
manager; Wm. M. Ballard, branch secretary, 114 Fifth Avenue) New
York City, N. Y.
Union Assurance Society closed the year of 192 1 with: —
Assets $$2,792>637.9i
Net Surplus 919,215.46
Premium Income 1,678,366.00
UNION AND PHENIX ESPANOL INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Madrid, Spain. Fester, Fotherfi;ill and Hartung, United
States managers, 123 William Street, New York, N. Y.
UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY (Mutual), Lincoln,
Neb. Organized 1886. Joseph W. Walt, president; Willard Kimball,
vice-president; J. S. Farrell, secretary and treasurer.
UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Paris. France. Stark-
weather & Shepley, Inc., United States managers, Providence, R. I.
George L. Shepley, president; Emil G. Pieper, vice-president and
manager agency department.
UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, BuflFalo, N. Y.
Organized 1874; capital, $200,000. O. E. Foster, president; John
H. Lascelles, vice-president; C. Lee Abell, vice-president and secretary;
Harold L. Abell, assistant secretary.
192 Cyclopedia of Insurance
UNION HISPANO AMERICAN FIRE AND MARINE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, 31 South William Street. New York, N. Y.
Organized 1922; capital, $400,000. Walter D. Despard, president;
Francises Tamames and Luis A. Moreno, vice-presidents; William
Otis Badger, secretary; William B. Vanderhoof, treasurer. The
company was organized to take over the United States business of the
Union Hispano Americana de Segaros of Havana. Writes direct
marine insurance and marine and fire re-insurance.
UNION INSURANCE COMPANY (Marine), Bangor. Me.
Organized 1862; capital $300,000. The company re-insured and
retired in 1921.
UNION INSURANCE COMPANY. Indianapolis, Ind. Orga-
nized 1849, reorganized 1918; capital $200,000. H. H. Woodsmall,
president; Charles E. Henderson, vice-president; W. M. Fogarty,
treasurer: J. T. Healey, Cieo. W. Mahoney, assistant secretaries.
Writes, Fire, Tornado, Plate Glass, Automobile (all lines) Marine, and
Liability insurance.
UNION INSURANCE COMPANY, Pittsburgh. Pa. Organ-
ized 1871 ; capital, $100,000. The company was merged in the National
Union Insurance Company of Pittsburgh in 1921.
UNION INSURANCE SOCIETY OF CANTON, LTD., Hong
Kong, China. Entered the United States in 191 7. Marsh and Mc-
Lennan, United States managers, 175 W^est Jackson Boulevard, Chicago,
111.; W. J. Rol:)erts, Marine Underwriter, New York, N. Y.; A. F.
Sanford, Eastern General Agent; C. Ci. Whipple, Western General
Agent.
UNION MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., OF
LIVERPOOL, England. Frank H. Cauty, United States manager,
27 William Street, New York.
UNION MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Mont-
pelier, Yt. Organized 1875. Harlan W. Kemp, president; Herbert F.
Brigham, vice-president; Ralph B. Denny, secretary and treasurer.
UNION MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Provi-
dence, R. I. Organized 1863. Frederick W. Moses, president and
treasurer; Charles G. Easton, vice-president; Clarence H. Cady,
secretary; Carlos F. Hunt, assistant secretary.
UNION RESERVE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK,
executive oft:ce, Hartford, Conn., organized 1920, capital $500,000.
B. N. Fancher, president; A. T. Tamblyn, vice-president and secretary;
T. B. Boss, vice-president; J. J. Blaine, Jr., treasurer. Transacts fire
rc-insurancc only.
Fire Insurance Section 193
UNION, THE, an association of officials of fire insurance com-
panies doing business in the Western and Northwestern states, often
called, for sake of distinctiveness, the "Western Union," has its
headquarters in the city of Chicago.
The Union has jurisdiction over Colorado, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Ten-
nessee, Wisconsin and Wyoming, except as modified or restricted by
the laws of the respective states.
The Governing Committee is appointed by the president of
The Union, and is composed of two classes, the first of members
whose terms expire in September, annually, and the second of mem-
bers whose terms expire in April, annually.
At the annual meeting in September, 1921, officers were elected
for the year as follows: President, C. R.Tuttle, Chicago; vice-president,
C. A. Ludlum, New York; secretary, Edward B. Hatch, Chicago.
The following constitute the Governing Committee: J. H. Carr,
chairman; J. C. Corbet, Dugan& Carr, R. B. Ives, J. R. Wilbur, terms
expiring April, 1921; Charles E. Dox, Geo. H. Bell, Harding and
Lininger, C. A. Ludlum, W. P. Robertson, terms expiring September,
1921.
Governing Committee: J. H. Carr, Chairman; Dugan and Carr
(J. H. Carr serving), R. B. Ives, J. F. Stafford, J. R. Wilbur, terms
expiring April, 1922.; W. A. Chapman, E. W. Law, W. L. Lerch, W. P.
Robertson, J. M. Thomas, terms expiring September, 1922.
The following is a list of companies composing the membership,
May I, 1922:
/Etna of Hartford. Columbian National Fire. Detroit.
iEtna Fire Und. Dept. Commercial Union, Eng.
Alliance, Philadelphia. Commercial Union, New York
American Alliance. Commonwealth, New York.
American Alliance Ina. Assn. Connecticut Fire.
American Central. Connecticut Underwriters.
American Eagle Fire. Continental.
American National Fire. Columbus, O. Continental Underwriters.
Asodated Federal Underwriters. County Fire, Philadelphia.
Atlas Assurance, London. Delaware Under^'riters' Agency.
. Atlas Underwriters. Detroit Fire and Marine.
Automobile, Hartford. Detroit National Fire.
British America. Eagle Star and British Dominions.
British and F-nleral Underwriters. Employers' Fire.
British Underwriters' Agency. English American Underwriters' Agency.
Caledoman. Scotland. Equitable Fire and Marine of R. I.
Caledonian-American. Equitable Underwriters.
California. Exchange Underwriters' Agency.
Capital Merchants and Bankers Dept. Farmers, Cedar Rapids.
Great American. Farmers, North Dakota.
Central National Fire. Des Moines. Federal, New Jersey.
Central Sutes Fire of Wichita. Federal Fire & Marine.
Central States Underwriters. Fidelity-Phenix Fire.
Central West Fire. Fire Association of Philadelphia.
Citizens of Missouri. Fire and Marine Underwriters' Agency.
City of New York. Fireman's Fund, California.
Cleveland National. Forest City Ins. Agency.
Colonial Fire Underwriters. Franklin Fire of Philadelphia.
Columbia Fire Underwriters, General Fire, Paris.
Colombia, New Jersey. Georgia Fire Underwriters' Agency.
194
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Georgia Home.
Glens Falls.
Glens Falls Underwriters
Globe Fire Und. Agency, So. Dakota.
Granite State Fire.
Great American.
Great Republic.
Hand-in-Hand Underwriters' Agency.
Hanover Fire of New York.
Hartford Fire.
Hawkeye-Des Moines Department, (Fire-
man d Fund).
Hawkeye-Sccurities, Iowa.
Henry Clay Fire of Kentucky.
Hibernia Underwriters.
Home. New York.
Home Underwriters.
Home F. & M. of Gal.
Hudson.
Illinois Underwriters.
Imperial Assurance.
Insurance Co. of North America.
Inter-State Fire. Detroit.
Law Union and Rock.
Liverpool & London & Globe, England.
London Assurance Corporation.
London Underwriters' Agency.
London & Lancashire.
London & Provincial.
London & Scottish.
Majestic Fire.
Manhattan Underwriters.
Massachusetts Fire and Marine.
Mechanics and Traders.
Mercantile Fire & Marine Und. Agency.
Mercantile of America.
Michigan Fire and Marine.
Middlewest Fire Underwriters.
Mid- West Dept.. Des Moines, (Phoenix.)
Minneapolis Fire and Marine.
Minnesota Underwriters' Agency.
National American.
National Fire.
National Security Fire.
New Hampshire Fire.
New York Underwriters' Agency.
Newark Fire of New Jersey,
New Zealand.
Niasara Fire.
Niagara- Detroit Underwriters' Agency.
North American National, la.
North British & Mercantile.
North Carolina Home.
Northern Aatuiance. England.
Northern Underwriters' Agency.
Northwestern Fire and Marine.
Norwich Union Fire.
Occidental Underwriters.
Ohio Valley Fire and Marine.
Orient of Hartford.
Palatine of London.
Patriotic Assurance.
Pennsylvania Fire.
Pheniz Underwriters (Fidelity-Phoenix)
Philadelphia Underwriters.
Phoenix of Hartford.
Phoenix Assur. of London.
Phoenix Underwriters.
Providence Washington.
Providence Underwriters Agency.
Quaker City Underwriters' DepU
Queen of America.
Reliance, Pa.
Rochester Dept.. Great American.
Royal of Liverpool.
Royal Exchange Assurance.
Safeguard Ins. Co.
Scotch Underwriters' Dept.
Scottish Union and National.
South British.
Springfield Fire and Marine.
St. Paul Fire and Marine.
Standard American.
Standard Fire.
Star of America.
State Assurance of Liverpool.
State, Dea Moines.
Sterling Fire.
Sun Insurance Office.
Sun Underwriters' Agency.
Svea Fire and Life of Sweden.
Tokio Marine and Fire.
Treaty Und. of Henry Clay.
Twin City Fire.
Union Assurance Society.
Union Ins. Society of Canton.
United American Underwriters' Agency.
United Firemen's, Pa,
Urbaine Fire of Paris.
Victory. Philadelphia, Pa.
Virginia Fire and Marine.
Vulcan, San Francisco.
Westchester Fire, New York.
Western Assurance, Toronto.
Western National. North Dakota.
Yorkshire Ins. Co.
UNITED AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY. Pittsburgh,
Pa. Organized 1873; capital, $200, cxx). W.J.Patterson, president;
W. H. Barker, vice-president; E. P. Niebaum, secretary; J. W. Ahren-
holtz, assistant secretary.
UNITED FIREMEN'S INSURANCE COMPANY of Phila-
delphia. Incorporated April i, i860, and began business on April
2, 1861 ; capital, $400,000. President, Fred W. Lawson; vice-president,
George R. Packard; secretary and treasurer, M. B. Yates; assistant
secretary and assistant treasurer, Henry A. Knabe. The company is
controlled by the London Guarantee and Accident company.
Fire Insurance Section 195
UNITED MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 141 Milk
Street, Boston, Mass. Organized 1908. Louis K. Liggett, pres-
ident; James C. Brady, Board vice-president; Walter S. Bucklin,
vice-president and general manager: Archie W. Campbell, secretary,
James C. McCormick, treasurer; Wm. H. Abare, assistant secretary.
UNITED STATES FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, New
York City. Organized 1824; capital, $1,400,000. J. Lester Parsons,
president; Chas. A. Norris, M. L. Allen, Ernest L.Allen, D. J. Burtis,
Frank L. Gardner, vice-presidents; D, G. Wakeman, secretary, no
William Street.
UNIVERSAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Newark, N. J. Or-
ganized 192 1; cash capital, $400,000. Samuel Bird, Jr., president;
Harry Bird, vice-president; J. S. Gilbertson, vice-president; J. F.
Byrne and P. J. Bartlett, secretaries. Talbot, Bird and Company,
Inc., 63 Beaver Street, New York, general managers. (Transacts Mar-
ine business only.)
URBAINE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Paris, France.
Organized 1838. Fred S. James & Co., New York and Chicago,
United States managers, 123 William Street, New York, N. Y.
USE AND OCCUPANCY INSURANCE. ♦" Use and Occu-
Cancy Insurance," in the broad sense, insurance against the loss caused
y fire in the way of interruption of business in a going concern, has
had but a comparatively small development in the United States, and
much of that development has apparently been in a wrong direction.
There are two chief reasons for this. In the first place, in those states
requiring or encouraging the use of a standard fire policy there is no
separate provision for insuring contingent interests, such as rents,
profits, use and occupancy, leasehold interest, etc., although these
interests manifestly cannot be properly covered under the ordinary
standard fire policy, with its express exclusion of loss due to interrup-
tion of business, its requirement for the payment of any loss in one sum
and at one time, and its manifold minor provisions designed only for
regular property insurance and losses. And in the next place, partly
because a higher rate is ordinarily charged for so-called profit insurance
than for so-called use and occupancy insurance, and partly because of
the failure to understand and measure the real interest sought to be
covered, the forms employed have been confused, evasive, or quite in-
adequate.
The first of these handicaps can be overcome only by amending or
overriding the statutes enacting and establishing the standard pol-
icy; either greater liberty must be |;iven fire underwriters by the
law in the matter of insuring these contingent interests, or riders largely
modifying the regular provisions of the standard fire policy for the
Bake of a clear cover for such interests must be employed and tol-
erated. The removal of the second handicap would appear to be
mainly a question of education.
*By WilliB O. Robb, Manaser. New York Fire Insurance Exchange. New York.
196 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Strictly speaking, use and occupancy insurance, as was held in
the well-known New York Court of Appeals case of Michael vs. the
Prussian National Insurance Company, the so-called Buffalo Grain
Elevator case, covers only the loss to the owner or occupant of the
ability to use the property described in the policy. In the Tanen-
baum cases in the Supreme Court of the same state, it was expressly,
and no doubt properly, held that " use and occupancy," as that ex-
pression is used in a contract to procure insurance which was described
only by that term, was not and could not be profits from earnings,
however ascertainable. Apparently, therefore, use and occupancy in
its proper sense is substantially the same as rental value, and to be
measured in the same way as to insurable value and recoverable loss.
But as understood by American underwriters generally, use and occu-
pancy insurance is a form of contract that promises to indemnify the
policyholder (usually a manufacturer) at a certain rate per day, in case
of total interruption, and at a pro rata of that rate in case of partial
interruption, caused by a fire in his premises. Only the vaguest under-
standing of the proper method of fixing that per diem rate, or the total
insurable value of the interest insured, is usually found among either
underwriters or policyholders. That is because they do not clearly
see, or (on account of the question of rate already referred to) do not
wish to acknowledge, that what the applicant wants and the under-
writer should furnish is simply and solely a form of profit insurance,
not use and occupancy insurance at all, in the prop)er sense of that
expression. In England, this kind of insurance has been for more than
a dozen years more correctly handled as the profit insurance it really
is, on a form specially adopted throughout to its precise purpose, with
great resulting advantage to the public and to the underwriters, so
that a really imp)ortant new branch of fire insurance has been devel-
oped. A recent English writer on this subject is therefore c^uite jus-
tified in referring to the American practice in the following curt
fashion:
** In the United States of America, a scheme called Use and Occu-
pancy is the system which is intended to compensate the insured for
the loss of profits by fire. The company issuing a Use and Occupancy
policy agrees to pay a pro rata amount of the sum insured for each
day the business is entirely stopped, and in proportion in the event of
a partial interruption. It is unnecessary to say that such a system can-
not assess the loss of profits sustained, except in businesses where the
turnover does not fluctuate. Such businesses are so few that a use
and occupancy policy is of little commercial value."
It is true that this summar>'' dismissal of the American Use and
Occupancy policy does a little less than justice to it through failure to
perceive that, however inaccurate a measuring rod a fixed per diem
may be wherewith to measure a fluctuating rate of profit, it is, after
all, likely to produce a fair average of result operating through any
considerable period. But certainly the English method described by
this same writer (Mr. Alex B. Wright, " Insurance Against Loss of
Profits by Fire — Consequential Loss," London, 1912, C. & E. Lay-
ton) is vastly more flexible, equitable, and attractive. Under tha.t
method the applicant indicates whether he wishes to insure net profits
\
Fire Insurance Section 197
only, or fixed charges only, or the two together under the general
name of profits, and whether the basis or standard for measuring the
loss is to be tlie " turnover," measured in money, or the " output,"
measured in quantity of goods produced. Then, for instance, if pro-
fits plus fixed charges are to be insured, and turnover is to be the
standard, he is given insurance for the amount he declares his net pro-
fits plus fixed charges for a year would represent, and on the occur-
rence of a loss the actual annual turnover is ascertained, along with
the percentage which net profits plus fixed charges have constituted
of that turnover, and this percentage is applied to the reduction or
loss of turnover due to the interruption by lire, thus giving the profit
loss pure and simple, to which will be added the items constituting the
increased cost of ** working " necessarily incurred in continuing the
business. Several necessary safeguards are introduced into the con-
tract, so that, for instance, if fixed charges were not, in fact, continued
after the occurrence of the fire, a corresf)onding deduction would be
made from the amount of the adjustment. Under the English prac-
tice the period of liability as distmguished from the term of the pol-
icy is limited to a definite number of months following the fire, usually,
though not always, less than a year. If in a given case it were longer
than a year, instead of taking the annual turnover as the basis or stand-
ard of adjustment, the turnover for the longer period of liability is
used, while, if the period of liability is a year or less, the standard or
basis of adjustment is the annual turnover only. Usually, an audit is
made once a month after the occurrence of the fire, until the full res-
toration of productivity, and monthly payments on account are made
by the underwriters, though of course the ascertainment of the basis
of entire adjustment, namely, the volume of the annual turnover and
the percentage of that turnover represented by profits, is made imme-
diately after the loss occurs. A number of minor checks, balances,
and safeguards are introduced into the system, but this synopsis will
sufficiently indicate the general character of the English handling of
this subject and its manifest superiority to the practice in common
use in the United States.
UTAH HOME FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salt Lake
City, Utah. Organized 1886; capital, $400,000. Heber J. Grant,
president; John C. Cutler and Charles S. Burton, vice-presidents;
Geo. J. Cannon, secretary and manager; A. L. Macdonald and B. F.
Willis, assistant secretaries; Edgar S. Hills, treasurer.
UTAH STATE ASSOCIATION OF FIRE INSURANCE
AGENTS. Organized in 192 1. George J. Kelly, Ogden, was elected
president; and T. H. Cartwright, Salt Lake City, secretary and treas-
urer.
\
V
VALUED POLICY LAWS. Wisconsin was the pioneer in this
form of legislation and enacted a valued policy law in 1874. Although
later laws did not adopt the exact wording of the Wisconsin law, that
law clearly expresses the purpose and appliaition of such legislation,
which is designed to make the amount of the insurance written in the
policy the measure of loss, or, as stated in the Wisconsin law, *' the
true value of the property when insured and the true amount of loss
and measure of damage when destroyed." A fire insurance policy is
in principle and general practice a contract of indemnity simply —
the measure of indemnity being determined at the time of the loss,
and, consequently, legislation which proposes that the amount writ-
ten in the policy shall be the measure of loss, is considered contrary to
the principles of fire underwriting. Such legislation also, it is claimed,
is an inducement to fraud and arson, and for this reason such legisla-
tion has been condemned by underwriters and state insurance officials,
and when enacted has been vetoed in several different states at differ-
ent times. [See Cyclopedia of Insurance for 1893-94 ^^^ 1 904-05. 1 .
A decision was rendered by the United States Supreme Court in 1899;
upholding the constitutionality of the Missoun valued policy law.
[See Cyclopedia for 1904-5.]
Valued policy laws are now in force in twenty-three states, as
follows: Arkansas (1889 and 1899); California (1901); Delaware
(1889, 1893 and 1901); Florida (1807 and 1899); Georgia (1895);
Iowa (1897); Kansas (1893 and 1897); Kentucky (1893); Louisiana
(1900); Minnesota (1Q05, 1907 and 1913); Mississippi (1902 and
1904); Missouri (1889); Nebraska (1889); New Hampshire (1885);
North Dakota (1907); Ohio (1879); Oregon (1803); South Carolina
(1896); South Dakota (1903); Tennessee (1909); Texas (1879 ^nd
1907); Washington (1897, 1899 and 1911); West Virginia (1899);
VVisconsin (1917). [For text of laws see Cyclopedia for 1913-14.]
The laws of Delaware, Florida, Minnesota, Ohio and South
Carolina require the value of the property insured to be fixed before or
at the time the policy is issued, and the California law provides that the
insured may require that such valuation be fixed. Kansas requires
that a full description of the property insured be made in the policy.
The Missouri law allows depreciation in the property to be shown in
ascertaining the loss, and an additional section provides that no risk
shall be taken at a ratio greater than three-fourths of the value of the
property insured. The Arkansas law makes it the duty of the local
agent to make a personal inspection of all property on which policies
have been written and make written report to the company of conditions
of same.
Although valued policy bills have been introduced in several dif-
ferent state legislatures at almost every succeeding session, thMr« has
Fire Insurance Section 199
been no new valued policy legislation since 1909 with the exception of
Wisconsin where the valued policy law was repealed in 19 15, and re-
enacted again in 19 17.
VERMONT ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized June 21, 1900, at Burlington, Vt., and was
re-oi]ganized in December, 1906, and the following officers elected:
President, F. E. Alfred, Newport; vice-presidents, R. D. Preble,
J. G. Brown; secretary and treasurer, F. L. Brigham, Bradford. The
present officers, elected at the annual meeting in October 192 1, are:
president, Dana J. Lowd, Bellows Falls; vice-president, Agnes M.
English, Montpelier; secretary and treasurer, Fred A. Field, Jr., Rut-
land.
VERMONT MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Montpelier, Vermont. Organized 1828. Geo. O. Stratton, president;
Hugh Phili(>s, vice-president; Delbert W. Gross, secretary; Hermon D.
Hopkins, treasurer.
VICTORY INSURANCE COMPANY, 401-5 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 19 19, by interests identified with the
Fire Association of Philadelphia; capital, paid in, $500,000. E. C.
Irvin, president; J. W. Cochran, vice-president; John B. Morton,
second vice-president; Marshall G. Garrigues, secretary; Richard N.
Kelly, Jr. assistant secretary.
VIRGINIA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL FIRE INSUR-
ANCE AGENTS was organized at Lynchburg, September 20,
1899. The following were elected officers: President, L. W. Chil-
drcy ; vice-president, W. L. Dechert ; secretary and treasurer, George
p. Dey, Norfolk. The present officers, elected at the annual meeting
in July 192 1, are: President; E. E. Goodwin, Emporia; vice-president,
Charles F. Holden, Alexandria; secretary and treasurer, F. S. Blanton,
Farmville.
VIRGINIA FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Richmond, Va. Organized 1832; capital, $500,000. Wm. H. Pal-
mer, president; E. B. Addison, vice-president; B. C. Lewis, Jr., secre-
tary; J. C. Watson, treasurer; J. M. Leake, general agent; Wm.
Palmer Hire, assistant secretary.
VULCAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF OAKLAND
CALIFORNIA. Organized 1910; be^n business, 1912; capital
$500,000. J. F. Carlston, president; E. S. Wangenheim, first vice-
president; R. M. Fitzgerald, second vice-president; Arnold Hodgkin-
son, secretary; B. E. Cotton, assistant secretary; E. D. Bothwell,
treasurer; H. B. Keith, manager.
VULCAN INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y. Or-
ganized 1911; capital, $200,000. Isidor Kahn, president; L. Kahn,
vice-president ; Israel Koenigsberger, secretary. 94 Fulton Street.
\
w
WAKEFIELD, MORLEY AND COMPANY. General Insurance
Agency, 197 Asylum Street, Hartford, Conn. Established 1849, \V. L.
Wakefield, F. A. Morley, G. I. Watson, C. E. Holt, S. L. Smith. Cov-
ers Connecticut as General Agents for Companies transacting all
kinds of insurance. Companies represented: Royal, Globe and Rut-
gers, Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania, United Fire-
men's, Peoples National, Globe Underwriters, American Underwriters,
Caledonian, British America, Hamilton, Baltimore American, United
States Fidelity and Guaranty Company, New Amsterdam Casualty
Company, National Life of Vermont. Special agents, M. L. Baldwin,
H. P. Anderson.
WARSAW INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD. W^arsaw. Poland.
Fester, Fothergill and Hartung, United States managers, 1 10 William
Street, New York, N. Y.
WASHINGTON FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, New York, N. Y. Organized 1918; capital, paid-in, $400,000.
Ery Kehaya, president; W. A. Whitaker, vice-president; Earle W.
Murray, secretary; H. L. Rodgers, vice-president.
WASHINGTON STATE ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL FIRE
INSURANCE AGENTS was organized in November, 1910. The
present officers are: W. F. Bridgeford, president, Yakima, Wash;
W. G. Robertson, vice-president, Hoge Building, Seattle, Washington.
WESTCHESTER FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY of New
York, 100 William Street. Capital $1,000,000. Otto E. Schaefer,
president; Harry H. Clutia, vice-president and treasurer; C. B. G.
Gaillard, secretary; George B. Crawford, assistant secretary; Allison
B. Roome, assistant secretary; Person M. Brink, assistant secretary.
W^ESTERN ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago.
III. Organized 191 8; capital $350,000. The company was taken over
by the Marquette National Insurance Company in 192 1.
WESTERN ALLIANCE RE-INSURANCE COMPANY, Lon-
don, England. Entered the United States in 1920. H. L. Rosenfeld,
United States manager.
WESTERN ASSURANCE COMPANY of Toronto, Can., incor-
porated 1851. W. B. Meikle, president and general manager; Cecil S.
Wain Wright, secretary.
Fire Inslrance Section
201
WESTERN AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Fort
Scott. Kansas. Organized 1910. W. E. Brooks, president; D. G. Cobb,
vice-president; Oscar Rice, secretary and general manager; E. C.
Gordon, treasurer.
WESTERN AUTOMOBILE UNDERWRITERS CONFER-
ENCE, 209 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Organized in Febru-
ary, 1915. The present officers, are: Ralph B. Ives, president; W. A.
Chapman, vice-president; John F. Stafford, treasurer; E. L. Rickards,
secretary and manager; Paul Fry, assistant secretary.
The states under its jurisdiction are: Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota,
Illinois, Indiana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Iowa,
Nebraska, Kentucky, Tennessee, New Mexico, Missouri, Wyoming,
Wisconsin, Colorado and Kansas. (See National Automobile Under-
writers Conference:.
WESTERN FACTORY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION. Ad-
dress, Insurance Exchange, Chicago; S. W. Tripp, manager; Ran-
dolph Buck and J. R. Gathercoal, assistant managers. This associa-
tion of stock fire insurance companies confines its business to the
writing and inspection of sprinkled risks in the western union states.
The last annual meeting of the association was held in Chicago,
in April. 1922, when the following officers were elected; President,
C. W. Higley, Hanover Fire; vice-president, John H. Carr, Hartford
Fire; secretary and treasurer, J. C. Harding, Springfield Fire and
Marine; manager, S. W. Tripp.
The following is the membership list:
£tna. Hartford.
.\merican Alliance. New York.
American Central, St. Louia.
American Eagle of New York.
Atlas Assurance. England.
British America, Toronto.
Commercial Union. London.
Connecticut Fire. Hartford.
Continental, New York.
Eagle Star and British Dominions of
London.
Fidelity-Phenix, New York.
Fire Association, Philadelphia.
Fireman's Fund, San Francisco.
General Fire. Paris.
Great-American, New York.
Glens Falls. Glens Falls. N. Y.
Hanover Fire, New York.
Hartford Fire. Hartford.
Ins. Co. of North America. Philadelphia.
Liverpool & London & Globe. England.
London Assurance. England.
London & Lancashire. England.
Mechanics & Traders. New Orleans.
Mercantile of America.
Michigan F. & M., Detroit.
National Fire, Hartford.
New Hampshire Fire, Manchester.
New York Underwriters Agency. N. Y.
Niagara, New York.
North British & Merc. England.
Northern, London.
Norwich Union. England.
Orient, Hartford.
Palatine, London.
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Phoenix, Hartford.
Phcenix Assurance, London.
Providence Washington. Providence.
Queen, America.
Royal, England.
Royal Exchange, England.
Scottish Union & National. Scotland.
Springfield F. & M.
St. Paul F. & M., St. Paul.
Sun, London.
Westchester Fire, New York.
Western, Toronto.
WESTERN HAIL AND ADJUSTMENT ASSOCIATION. This
association was organized at a meeting held in Chicago in November,
19 ^5f by companies insuring growing crops from damage by hail. Its
purposes are to harmonize and standardize underwriting methods and
202
Cyclopedia of Insurance
\
practices. Walter C. Leach was elected president, and R. H. Purcell,
Liverpool and London and Globe, secretary and treasurer. The present
officers, elected in November, 192 1, are: President, Walter D. Williams,
Security Fire; vice-president, G. H. Bell, National Fire; secretary,
W. H. Lininger, Springfield Fire and Marine; assistant secretary,
E. B. Hatch; executive committee: John H. Carr, Hartford Fire;
Neal Bassett, Fireman's; E. E. Cole, National Union; F. M. Gund,
North River; A. W. Perry. St. Paul Fire and Marine; W. P. Robert-
son, Liverpool and London and Globe; Chas. E. Sheldon, American,
N. J.; J. Lynn Truscott, Camden; and W. C. Leach, Minneapolis
Fire and Marine.
WESTERN IMPROVED RISK ASSOCIATION, INC., 175
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. Organized and incorporated
June 1915. Officers: President, A. F. James, Northwestern National;
vice-president, Neal Bassett, Firemen's; Benj. Auerbach, treasurer;
W. C. Browne, manager. The following is the company membership:
Agricultural. Watertown
Allemannia, Pittsburgh
American, Newark
Boston, Boston
Camden Fire, Camden
Concordia Fire, Milwaukee
Firemen's, Newark
Girard F. & M., Philadelphia
Ins. Co. of State of Penn., Philadelphia
Lumbermens, Philadelphia
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee
Nat'l Ben Franklin, Pittsburgh
National Liberty, New York
National Union, Pittsburgh
New Brunswick, New Jersey
North River, New York
Northwestern National, Milwaukee
Ohio Farmers, Lc Roy
Pittsburgh Underwriters, Pittsburgh
Rhode Island, Providence
Security, New Haven
United States Fire. New York
WESTERN INSURANCE BUREAU was organized in April.
1910, and is an organization of companies doing business in the
western field which were not affiliated with the Western Union.
E. G. Halle was the first chairman, and G. H. Batchelder. secretary.
The present officers, elected in May, 1922 are: Charles H. Yunker,
Milwaukee Mechanics, president; W. H. Stevens, Agricultural, vice-
president; F. S. Danforth, treasurer; Benjamin Auerbach, secretary;
M. A. Scholbe, manager; Rudolph Belcher, general manager; C. E.
Mann, assistant treasurer.
The following is the membership roll:
Abeille, Paris.
Agricultural, N. Y.
Allegheny Fire Under^vriters.
Allemannia Undl^writtrs.
Albmannia. Pittsbtrgh.
American, Newark.
American Underwriters.
Baltimoie American. Md.
Ben Franklin Underwriters, Pa.
Boston Fire. Boston.
Buckeye National, Ohio.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Calumet Underwriters.
Camden Fire, N. J.
Cincinnati Underwriters.
City of Penn.
Columbian. Ind.
Columbia, Dayton, O.
Commerce, Albany, N. Y.
Concordia, Milwaukee.
Dubuque F. & M., la.
Duquesne Underwriters.
Eastern Underwriters.
Empire State Underwriters.
Eureka Security, F. & M., Ohio.
Farmers, York. Pa.
Fireman s and Mechanics.
Firemen s. Newark.
Firemen's Underwriters.
Girard F. & M.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Girard Underwriters.
Globe, Pittsburgh.
Great Lakes. ( hicago. 111.
Great Western Underwriters CMarau«fci£
National) . m«^cvm:
Holland-American Underwriters.
Importers and Exporters, N. V.
Ins. Co. State- of Pa., Philadelphiia
\
Fire Insurance Section
203
Insurance Underwriters.
Iowa Underwriters.
Jersey Fire Underwriters.
Keystone Underwriters.
La Salle Fire, Chicago.
Liberty. Mo.
Lumbermen's, Philadelphia, Pa.
Marquette National, Chicago.
Mercantile Underwriters.
Mechanic's. Philadelphia, Pa.
Mechanic Underwriters.
Merchant's Fire. Denver. Col.
Michigan Commercial Underwriters,
Millers National Chicago, 111.
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee. Wis.
Milwaukee Underwriters.
National- Ben Franklin, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Nationale Fire. Paris.
National Liberty. New York.
National Reserve.
National Underwriters.
National Union, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Netherlands Fire, Holland.
New Brunswick Fire. N. J.
New Haven Underwriters.
North River Fire. N. Y.
Northwestern National. Milwaukee, Wis.
Northwestern Underwriters.
Old Colony. Boston.
Omaha Liberty Fire.
Pennsylvania Underwriters.
Peoples National, Philadelphia. Pa.
Phenix. Paris. France.
Pittsburgh Fire. Pa.
Pittsburgh Underwriters.
Potomac. Washington. D. C.
Reliable. Dayton, O.
Republic, Pittsburgh.
Rhode Island. Providence, R. I.
Rhode Island Underwriters.
Richmond. N. Y.
Security. New Haven, Conn.
Security. Davenport. la.
Standard Fire, New Jersey.
Superior. Pittsburgh. Pa.
Union, Buffalo. N. Y.
Union Fire. Paris.
Union. Indianapolis, Ind.
United American. Pittsburgh, Pa.
United States Fire. N. Y.
United States Lloyds.
United States Underwriters.
Washington Underwriters. New York.
Western Ins. Underwriters Dept.
Wisconsin Underwriters.
Wheeling. W. Va.
WESTERN INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH,
Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1849; capital $300,000. The company
re-insured in the Superior Fire Insurance Company, Pittsburgh,
December 31, 1921, and ceased business.
WESTERN MILLERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Kansas City, Mo. Organized 1883. L. S. Mohr, president;
Wm. Pollock, vice-president; J. D. Bowersock, treasurer; Chas. H.
Ridgway, secretary.
WESTERN SPRINKLER LEAKAGE CONFERENCE, 175
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. Organized 1911. The present
officers, elected in February, 1922, are: J. M. Deckert, National
Liberty, chairman; W. H. Gartside, vice-chairman; H. R. Thie-
meyer, Insurance Company of North America, secretary and
treasurer; executive committee: C. E. Varley, Springfield Fire and
Marine; W. J. Sonnen, St. Paul Fire and Marine; M. H. Grannatt,
New York Underwriters: W. S. Hutchins, North British; C. H. Smith,
Hartford Fire; H. C. Wolff, Aetna, and the officers.
WESTERN SPRINKLED RISK ASSOCIATION was or-
ganized at a meeting in Chicago in March, I904> by representatives
of companies not affiliated with the Western Union, for the pur-
pose of writing sprinkled risks. Officers were elected as follows:
President, J. L. Whitlock, Glens Falls; vice-president, William
Trembor, German of Freeport; treasurer, E. G. Halle, Germania;
secretary, R. D. Harvey, New Hampshire. The present officers
are: President, A. F. James, Northwestern National; vice-president.
204
Cyclopedia op Insukancb
Neal Bassett, Fireman's; Benj. Auerbach, treasurer; W. C. Browne,
manager. 175 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, III. The following
companies are included in the membership:
Agricultural, Watertown.
American, Newark.
Boston, Boston.
Camden Fire, Camden.
Concordia Fire, Milwaukee.
Dubuque Fire and Marine, Dubuque.
Firemen's, Newark.
Girard Fire and -Marine, Philadelphia.
Globe and Rutgers, New York.
Importers & Exporters, New York.
Insurance Company of State of Pennsyl-
vania, Philadelphia.
Michigan Commercial, Lansing.
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee.
Nationale, Paris
National Liberty, New York.
National Union, Pittsburgh.
Netherlands, Fire & Life. Holland.
New Brunswick, New Jersey.
North River, New York.
Northwestern National, Milwaukee.
Ohio Farmers, LcRoy.
Old Colony, Boston.
Peoples National, Philadelphia.
Pittsburgh Underwriters, Pittsburgh.
Rhode Island, Providence.
Security, New Haven.
United States Fire, New York.
WEST VIRGINIA ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized at Wheeling, September 5, 1899. The fol-
lowing officers were elected: W. S. Foose, president; W. D. Paden,
F. E. Nichols, vice-presidents; A. F. Faulkner, Wheeling, secretary;
William Lohmeyer, treasurer. At the annual meeting in June, 1921,
officers were elected as follows: President, A. W. Werninger, Hunting-
ton; vice-presidents, George K. Wheat, W. P. Corder, Howard Post,
E. C. Chancellor, A. J. Kincaid; secretary and treasurer, J. N.
Hendrix, Wheeling, W. Va.
WEST VIRGINIA FIRE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIA-
TION was organized in May 1899. The present officers are: Arthur
Lohmeyer, president; William Mauk, vice-president; A. S. Whiteley,
secretary and treasurer, Wheeling, W. Va.; executive committee: Edw.
J. Richardson, chairman: S. E. Bickford, F. W. Shirer, B. C. Carpenter,
A. G. Crawshaw, A. O. Myers, Edw. J. Richardson, E. P. Douglass,
J. M. Hall.
WHAT CHEER MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Providence, R. I. Organized 1873. Frank L. Pierce, president; Charles
C. Stover, vice-president and engineer; George F. Hiller, vice-president
and engineer; Royal G. Luther, secretary; Everett W. Allan, Benjamin
C. Hall, assistant secretaries.
WHEELING FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Wheeling,W. Va.
Organized 1867; capital $200,000. Wm. F. Stifel, president; Henry
Bieberson, vice-president; O. E. Strauch, secretary'; F. C. Driehorst,
treasurer; Wm. V. Fischer, assistant secretary.
WISCONSIN ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL INSURANCE
AGENTS was organized in 1899, and the following officers were elected :
E. J. Tapping, Milwaukee, president; E. E. Baker, Portage; P. P.
McDermott, Fond du Lac; James Jenkins, Oshkosh; and W. H,
Hardy, Jr., Waukesha, vice-presidents; F. C. Hazelton, Janesvillc,
secretary and treasurer. The present officers, elected at the annual
meeting held in June, 1921, are: President, W. B. Calhoun, Milwaukee;
secretary' and treasurer, Joseph G. Grundle, Milwaukee.
Fire Insurance Section 205
WISCONSIN FIELD CLUB, composed of general agents of
Union companies. The present officers, elected at the annual meet-
ing at Delevan, in June, 1921, are: President, R. T. Gravenstein,
Hanover Fire; vice-president, G. F. Risley; secretary and treasurer,
A. T. Jones, Liverpool and London and Globe, Milwaukee.
WOLVERINE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lansing,
Mich. Organized 1920. Robert K. Orr, president; C. E. Holmes,
vice-president; Bernard B. Smith, secretary; R. Y. Speir, treasurer.
WORCESTER MANUFACTURERS* MUTUAL INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. Organized 1855. Waldo
E. Buck, president; Walter A. Harrington, secretary; Harold B.
Hunt, assistant secretary.
WORCESTER MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Worcester, Mass. Incorporated, 1823; began busmess 1824. Wil-
lis E. Sibley, president; Harry Harrison, secretary and treasurer;
Worthing V. Snow, assistant secretary; Forrest E. Wheeler, special
agent.
WORLD AUXILIARY INSURANCE CORPORATION, LTD.,
London, England. Entered the United States in 1920. Marsh &
McLennan, United States managers, Chicago, III.
Y
YANGTSZE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION. LTD. Shanghai,
China. Wilicox, Peck & Hughes, 3 South William Street, New York,
United States managers.
YORKSHIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., York, Eng-
land. Frank & Du Bois, New York, United States manager, 80 Maiden
Lane. Ernest B. Boyd, underwriting manager; Frank B. Martin,
assistant manager, 80 Maiden Lane, N. Y.
UNITED STATES FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Financial Condition. December 31, 193 1
iEtna, Hartford. Conn. .
Agncttltural. Watertown, N. Y.
Albany. Albany. N. Y. .
Allemannia, Pittsburgh. Pa.
Alliance. Philadelphia. Pa.
Allied Fire. Pittsburgh. Pa
American Alliance. New York
American Automobile. St. Louis, Mo.
American Central. St. Louis. Mo.
American and Foreign Marine, New York. N. Y<
American Druggists, Cincinnati, O.
American Eagle. New York. N. Y. .
American Equitable. New York
American Merchant Kansas City, Mo.^Reins]
American, Newark, N. J.
American, New York
American National. Columbus, Ohio
Assurance Co. of America, New York, N. Y.
Atlantic, Raleigh. N. C. .
Atlantic City, Atlantic City, N. J.
Atwood Fire, New York
AutomobUe. Hartford, Conn. .
Baltimore American. Baltimore Md
Bankers and Shippers, New York
Birmingham, Pittsburgh, Pa. .
Boston. Boston. Mass. .
Buckeye National. Toledo, O.
Buffalo, Buffalo. N. Y. .
Caldeonian-American, New York, N. Y.
California. San Francisco. Cal.
Camden. Camden, N. J.
Capital. Sacramento. Cal.
Capital. Concord. N. H. .
Carolina, Wilmington. Del.
Central National, Des Moines. la.
Central States Fire. Wichita, Kan.
Central Fire. Baltimore. Md.
Citizens, St. Louis, Mo. .
City, Sunbury, Pa.
City of New York, New York, N. Y
Cleveland National, Cleveland. O.
Colonial. New York, N. Y. .
Columbia, Dayton, O. .
Columbia, Jersey City. N. J. .
Columbian, Indianapolis, Ind.
Columbian-National, Lansing, Mich
Commerce. Albany, N. Y.
Commercial Union, New York, N. Y
Commonwealth. New York, N. Y.
Concordia. Milwaukee, Wis. .
Connecticut, Hartford, Conn. .
Continental. New York, N. Y.
Corcoran, Washington, D. C. .
County Fire, Philaddphia, Pa.
Des Moines Re-ins., Des Moines, la
Detroit F. & M., Detroit, Mich.
Detroit National, Detroit. Mich.
Dixie, Greensboro. N. C.
Dubuque F. & M.. Dubuque, Iowa
Eagle Fire. Newark. N. J.
Eastern, Atlantic City, N. J. .
Eastern, Concord, N. H.
Assets
S38.894.699
7.Si8,S99
1,488,362
3,180,486
5,268,441
175.846
3.808,438
3.258,419
7,300,450
2,275.766
911.756
S.439,108
2,395.839
1,301.982
183,004
1,132,855
521,031
2,092,246
1,078,608
1.343,898
3,477.512
1,908,068
958,540
1,036,299
2,203.062
639.338
1,943.059
1,065,949
1,968,091
4,421,468
4.710,587
12,421,018
43,389.862
347.840
1,604,990
630,182
3,296,238
519,213
1,700,027
3,254,863
1,501,511
413,06s
285,382
Liabilities
$24,827,609
4,877,687
607,621
1.737,78s
2,630,013
121,873
1.SS3.2I3
2,643,419
S. 090, 140
329.733
496,292
3.156,921
1,390,087
17.836.501
11,725,030
1,475,438
795.951
1,346,769
667,453
1,327.234
577,100
418,765
334.449
552,648
122,129
739,996
60,620
11,970,502
8,120,553
1.635.842
402.972
3,554.615
2,093.375
556,362
151,764
12,779,109
8,426,605
213.270
186,840
3.790,545
1,281,869
747,571
274,982
3.143,528
1,687,134
7,213,735
4.806.583
669,384
52,033
404,779
161,829
558,017
593.550
557.913
1,627,145
852,288
431.437
300,492
1,188.649
601.496
893.583
364,729
1,397,642
2,545,022
3,170,404
7,835,826
21,250.563
138,327
475.146
602,935
1,440,702
102.834
821,864
2,132,809
777,463
101,830
195,621
208
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Eastern Shore. Keller, Va.
Employers Fire, Boston
Equitable F. & M.. Providence, R. I
Equitable. Charleston. S. C. .
Equity. Kansas City. Mo.
Eureka F. & M.. Cincinnati. O.
Excelsior Fire, Syracuse. N. Y.
Farmers, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Federal. Jersey City, N. J.
Federal Union. Chicago, 111. .
Federal Fire and Marine, Denver, Colo. .
Federated Fire, Re-insurance Mason City. la
Fidelity, Sumter, S. C. .
Fideiity-Phenix. New York. N. Y.
Fidelity Union, Dallas, Tex.
Fire Association, Philadelphia. Pa.
Fireman's Fund. San Francisco. Cal
Fireman's. Newark. N. J.
Firemen and Mechanics, Indianapolis
Fire Re-insurance, N. Y.
First Reinsurance, Hartford. Conn.
Franklin. Philadelphia. Pa.
George Washington Fire
Georgia Home. Columbus. Ga.
German America, Washington, D. C
Girard F. & M.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Glens Falls, Glens FaUs, N. Y.
Globe & Rutgers, New York. N. Y.
Globe. Pittsburgh
Globe National, Sioux City, la.
Grain Beit, Des Moines, la. .
Granite State, Portsmouth. N. H.
Great American, New York
Great Lakes Fire, Chicago, III.
Great Republic, la.
Great Western, Chicago
Greensboro Fire, N. C. .
Guaranty, New York
Guardian, Salt Lake City. Uub
Hamilton, New York. N. Y. .
Hanover, New York, N. Y.
Hartford, Hartford. Conn.
Hawkeye Securities. Des Moines. la
Henry Clay. Lexington, Ky. .
Home. Fordyce, Ark.
Home. New York. N. Y.
Home Fire and Marine. San Francisco, Cal.
Hudson. New York
Illinois Fire, Peoria, 111. .
Imperial. New York. N. Y.
Importers and Exporters. New York
Independence. Philadelphia. Pa.
Industrial, Akron. Ohio .
Insurance Co. of North America. Philadelphia. Pa.
Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, Philadel
phia. Pa. ....
International, N. Y.
Inter-Ocean Reinsurance, Cedar Rapids, la.
Interstate. Detroit. Mich.
Iowa Manufacturers. Waterloo, Iowa
Iowa National, Des Moines .
Knickerbocker, New York. N. Y.
Lafayette. New Orleans. La. .
La Salle Fire, Chicago
Liberty Fire. St. Louis. Mo. .
Liberty Fire. Louisville. Ky. .
Lumbermen's, Philadelphia, Pa.
Assets
Liabilities
S2Q3.I33
$87,021
3,3i6,si8
162.06S
3.477,7^9
1.189,017
9l6,I32
293.915
537.254
106,609
338.774
63.5SJ
1,304.729
939.085
5.S23.723
3.457.863
685.472
431.337
427,746
17.153
931.789
126,501
570.S85
269.516
29.189.830
18.093.329
16.485.049
Ii.35i.278
21,871.750
i4.558.84g
10,517.443
6.426.872
413.254
216,719
3.103.600
2,180,443
4,251.747
3,231.730
6.941.742
4.394.907
540.961
361.002
731.313
387.301
4.360,509
2.508.654
10.345.350
6.568.981
46.653.573
33,013.884
1,367.520
760.676
2,333.313
1.090.783
620,367
5 5 2.5 J 7
1.950,742
1,278.40s
42.806.009
20.592.998
985.934
320.323
478,630
72,949
764.636
39.235
395.464
1 70.3 JO
1,005.079
352.157
487.665
183,309
2,155.509
1,218.368
6,889.165
4,852.348
56,171,085
38,911,774
1,867.468
341.823
1,122,283
529.894
75.931.552
42,967.383
3.798.683
2.713.7IT
2,531.308
1,320,5^1
448.230
335.50Q
2.405,506
1.631,211
2.741.410
r.6i3.7iQ
481.228
158.023
1.038.698
630.240
42,324.406
24.878.356
5,038,143
3.395.053
6.308,978
4,298,603
1,622.364
586,<)<>7
448,692
IIS.QTT
389,538
20O.ir>Q
I,22Q,II[
454.640
I.246,i8r
325,230
653.332
283,905
739.062
45.000
1,002.702
624.8«;8
. 546,645
263, 60Q
2,210.25s
727.500
Fire Insurance Section
209
Madison. Madison, Ind.
Manufacturers, Philadelphia, Pa.
Marine and Motor. Galveston, Texas.
Marquette National, Chicago, 111.
Maryland Motor Car. Wilmington. Del.
Massachusetts F. & M., Boston. Mass.
Mechanics & Traders, New Orleans, La.
Mechanics, Philadelphia. Pa. .
Mercantile, New York, N. Y. .
Merchants, New York. N. Y.
Merchants, Denver, Col.
Merchants and Shippers. New York
Metropolitan-Hibernia Fire. Chicago. 111.
Michigan F. & M., Detroit, Mich. .
Millers National. Chicago, 111.
Milwaukee Mechanics, Milwaukee Wis.
Minneapolis F. & M., Minneapolis, Minn
Minnesota Fire. Chatfield. Minn.
Mississippi Fire
Nationa American, Omaha, Neb.
National-Ben Franklin, Pittsburgh, Pa.
National F. & M., Elizabeth. N. J.
National Security. Omaha, Neb.
National Uberty. New York .
National Reserve. Dubuque, la.
National, Hartford, Conn.
National Union, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Nevada Fire, Reno, Nev.
Newark. Newark, N. J. .
New Brunswick. New Brunswick, N. J.
New England, Pittsfield, Mass.
New Hampshire, Manchester, N. H.
New Jersey. Newark. N. J.
New York State, Albany
Niagara. New York. N. Y.
North American National, Des Moines
North Carolina Home, Raleigh. N. C.
North Carolina State, Rocky Mount
Northern, New York, N. Y.
North River. New York. N. Y.
Northwestern F. & M., Minneapolis, Minn.
Northwestern National, Milwaukee. Wis.
Ohio Farmers, Le Roy, Ohio (mutual)
Ohio Valley F. & M., Paducah. Ky.
Old Bay State, Concord, Mass.
Old Colony, Boston, Mass.
Omaha Liberty. Omaha, Neb.
Orient, Hartford. Conn. .
Pacific. New York, N. Y.
Pacific National. Sacramento, Cal. .
Pacific States. Portland. Ore. .
Palmetto. Sumter, S. C.
Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa.
Peoples Fire, Frederick, Md. .
Peoples National. Philadelphia, Pa. .
Petersburg, Petersburg. Va. .
Phoenix. Hartford, Conn.
Piedmont, Charlotte, N. C. .
Pilot Fire, Greensboro, N. C. .
Pittsburgh Fire. PitUburgh, Pa.
Potomac. Washington. D. C. .
Preferred Risk Fire. Kansas City, Kan.
Providence- Washington, Providence, R. I.
Oueen City, Sioux Falls. S. D.
Queen. New York. N. Y.
Reliance. Philadelphia, Pa.
Reliable Fire. Dayton, O.
Assets
Liabilities
$224,137
$56,034
416,219
215.071
2,001,978
1,120,244
7 13 •060
1,246,181
325,230
2.671,64s
1,224.874
3,135,240
1,746,213
4,048,353
1.951,700
4,711,668
3,111,260
968.933
528,229
576,738
219,27s
512,438
188,399
2,377,909
1.468,525
4.077,463
2,083,674
7,828,586
4,828,328
1,031,677
677,997
159.363
925,718
414^887
1,468,957
193.253
5,384,242
3,743,972
572,207
443,830
520,382
150,63s
12,158,078
8,137,413
1,186,570
633.018
28,224,420
18,879.939
7,994.634
447.750
5.652,935
91.480
4,233.343
2,723,765
1,753,7X9
1,084,094
695,013
312,377
10,944,350
5,905,144
2,298,043
1,090,141
15,227,727
■ • BR •• ••
9,509.232
927,455
203,401
1,113,779
327,011
85,566
13,100
2,655,451
1,641,146
9.904.303
5,889,506
1,460,037
767,659
10,452,176
7.052,260
5.090,000
3.921,860
504,431
225.907
1,130,671
4.152,178
1,864,296
774.271
355.222
5.678,748
3. 173.314
2,941.552
1.738,800
589,683
73.155
913,941
286,087
831,224
274.220
10,474.555
6,801,587
421,815
148,081
2,374,969
1.171,772
606,388
171.593
24,014,028
11.589.342
797,322
472,441
236,594
706,041
420,642
945,022
474.235
1,472,682
810,039
9,462,443
5,621,679
178,348
35.320
17,125,599
9,827.427
1,461,605
654.186
1,167,414
264,207
210
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Republic Fire, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Republic Fire. Dallas. Tex.
Retailers Fire, Oklahoma City, Okla
Rhode Island, Providence. R. I.
Richmond, New York, N. Y. .
Rocky Mountain. Great Falls, Mont
Rossia of America, Hartford
Safeguard, New York, N. Y.
Seaboard Fire. Atlantic City, N. J.
Savannah, Ga.
Security. Davenport, Iowa
Security, New Haven, Conn. .
South Carolina. Columbia, S. C.
Southern Home, Charleston. S. C.
Springfield F. & M.. Springfield. Mass.
Standard. Hartford, Conn.
Standard. Trenton, N. J.
Star, New York
State, Des Moines
State Dwelling House, Concord, N. H.
Sterling, Indianapolis, Ind.
Stonewall. Mobile, Ala. .
St. Paul F. & M., St. Paul. Minn.
Stuyvesant, New York, N. Y.
Superior Fire, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Twin City, Minneapolis, Minn.
Underwriters Fire, Concord, N. H.
Underwriters Fire, N. C.
Union, Indianapolis, Ind.
Union, Buffalo, N. Y. .
Union Reserve. New York, N. Y.
United American, Pittsburgh, Pa.
United Fireman's, Philadelphia. Pa.
United States Lloyds, N. Y. .
United States, New York. N. Y.
Utah Home. Salt Lake City .
Victory, Philadelphia. Pa.
Virginia F. & M.. Richmond. Va.
Vulcan, Oakland. Cal.
Vulcan. New York. N. Y.
Washington Marine, New York. N. Y.
Westchester, New York. N. Y.
Wheeling, Wheeling, W. Va. .
Assets
Liabilities
Si,Sa7,336
Si. 068.334
3,948,632
1,932.930
457,308
105,097
3. 179.197
2,057,728
1,722,809
1.012,087
985,614 -
a « • • • . •
9,485,249
6,286,07s
1,241,926
570,995
146,789
449.182
150.081
1.145,226
794.337
7.785,193
5,305,715
721.393
450.323
879,980
377,492
20,384.250
13.323.139
1,638,73 a
731,922
1,618,271
780.376
2,961,067
1.925,45s
187,803
38.S02
2,438,109
1,005,667
19.610.264
11.226,456
2,589.737
1,656,029
3,509,765
2,059,363
1,012,242
231.486
357. IIS
32,181
187,857
60.739
460.870
192,510
627,607
221,613
1.577.658
755.975
981.537
585.487
2.130,904
1,261,794
2.628,452
1.734.6S5
13,227,788
8.769.552
1,986,609
666,105
1,568.275
827.919
2.895.279
X. 406 .6 13
1,456,326
677.683
492.548
158430
1,196,111
766,278
10.590,927
7,795476
640.541
266.847
MUTUAL COMPANIES
Assets
Uabilities
Abington. Abinston, Mass.
American, Indianapolis, Ind.
American. Providence, R. I. .
Arkwriftht. Boston, Mass.
Atlantic Mutual, Philadelphia, Pa. .
Atlantic Mutual (Marine). New York. N. Y.
Automobile Mutual, Boston
Automobile Mutual. Providence, R. I.
Auto Owners, Lansing, Mich.
Barnstable County, Mass.
Baltimore. Baltimore, Md.
Btt^kshire. Pittsfield. Mass.
Blackstone. Providence. R. I. .
Boston Manufacturers. Boston. Mass.
Bucks County Contributionship
CentraJ Manufacturers. Van Wert. Ohio
Citizens Mutual. Boston, Mass.
Concord, Concord. N. H.
Cotton & Woolen Manufacturers, Boston. Mass
Dayton, Dayton. Ohio .
Dedham, Dedham. Mass.
Dorchester. Boston, Mass.
Enterprise. Providence
Fall River Manufacturer's. Fall River. Mass.
Farmers A liance. McPherson, Kansas
Farmers, York, Pa.
Farmer's Mutual Hall. Des Moines. la.
Farmers "Mutual. Wilmington, Del. .
Firemen's Mutusil, Providence, R. I.
Fitchburg, Fitchburg, Mass. .
Glen Cove, Glen Cove, N. Y. .
Grain Dealers. Boston, Mass. .
Grain Dealers National. Indianapolis, Ind.
Granite Mutual. Barre. Vt.
Green Mountain, Mont^ier .
Hamilton County, Cincmnati .
Hampshire, Pittsfield. Mass.
Hardware Dealers, Wis.
Hartford County, Hartford, Conn. .
Hingham Mutual. Hingham, Mass.
Holyoke. Salem. Mass. .
Hope Mutual. Providence. R. I.
Industrial Mutual. Boston, Mass. .
Indiana Lumbermen's. Indianapolis. Ind.
Iowa State. Keokuk. la.
Keystone. Philadelphia, Pa. .
Lowell. Mass. ....
Lumbermen's. Mansfield. O. .
Lumber. Boston. Mass. .
Lynn Mutual. Lynn. Mass.
Lynn Manufacturers and Merchants. Lynn, Mass.
Mansfield. Mansfield, Ohio
Manton. Philadelphia. Pa.
Manufacturers 8c Merchants, Concord. N. H.
Manufacturers. Providence, R. I
Massachusetts Mutual Automobile, Boston. Mass.
Mechanics, Providence, R. I. .
Mercantile, Providence. R. I. .
Merchants, Providence, R I.
Merchants and Farmers, Worcester. Mass.
Merchants and Manufacturers. Mansfield, Ohio
Merchanu. Redfield, S. D. .
Merrimack. Andover, Mass. .
Michigan Millers, Lansing, Mich. .
Si65,92i
143.456
636,31s
2,229,351
1,309,815
28.96a
288,199
751,444
1,060,420
744.953
1,878,029
1,508,276
$101,248
"110,507
134.734
122,856
79.736
94.086
157.524
601,422
2,762,969
75.102
452.636
1,414.101
74.919
1,226,513
596,418
17,338
130,404
494.766
310,617
491.309
776.538
212
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Middlesex, Middletown, Conn.
Middlesex, Concord. Mass.
Mid-West. Wichita. Kansas .
Millers, Alton. 111.
Millers. Harrisburg, Pa.
Millers, Texas ....
Millers National. Chicago. 111.
Millers. Fort Worth, Ind.
Mill Owners. Chicago. III.
Mill Owners, Des Moines, la.
Minnesota Implement
Motor Car Mutual, New York
Mutua. Assurance, Philadelphia. Pa.
Mutual Assurance, Norwich, Conn.
Mutual Assurance, Richmond, Va. .
Mutual Fire. Springfield, Mass.
Mutual Fire, Marine, and Inland, Philadelphia
Mutual of Chester Co.. Pa.
Narragansett, Providence, R. I.
National Philadelphia, Pa.
National Mutual Church, Chicago .
National Mutual. Ceiina. Ohio
Newburyport. Newburyport. Mass. .
New London County. Norwich, Conn.
Norfolk, Dedham. Mass.
Northwestern Mutual, Seattle. Wash.
Ohio Millers. Canton. O.
Ohio Mutual. Salem, O. .
Ohio Underwriters, Van Wert, Ohio
Paper Mill. Boston, Mass.
Pawtucket. Pawtucket. R. I. .
Pennsylvania Lumbermen's. Philadelphia. Pa.
Pennsylvania Millers.
Phenix Mutual, Concord. N. H.
Philadelphia. Contributionship. Philadelphia, Pa
Philadelphia Manufacturers*. Philadelphia. Pa.
Protection Mutual. Chicago. 111.
Providence. Providence. R. I. .
Quincy Mutual. Quincy. Mass.
Retail Druggists. Cincinnati. Ohio
Retail Hardware, Minn.
Retail Merchants, Springfield. 111. .
Richland, Mansfield, Ohio
Rhode Island, I^vidence. R. I.
Rubber Manufacturers, Boston. Mass.
Salem Mutual. Salem, Mass. .
Security Automobile, Youngetown, Ohio
Security. Chatfield, Minn.
South Danvers, Concord, Mass.
Southern, Athens, Ga.
Standard. Philadelphia. Pa. .
State, Providence, R. I. .
Suffolk County. Southhold, N. Y. .
Sunapee, Sunapee, N. H..
Sun, Cincinnati, O. . . .
Traders & Mechanics. Lowell, Mass^
Union Mutual, Providence. R. I.
Union, Montpelier, Vt. .
Union, Lincoln, Neb.
United Mutual. Boston. Mass.
Vermont, Montpelier, Vt.
Western Automobile. Fort Scott. Kan.
Western Millers, Kansas City, Mo. .
What Cheer, Providence, R. I.
Worcester Manufacturers, Worcester, Mass.
Worcester, Worcester, Mass. . .
Pa.
Asseu
$1,385,934
a,ioo,94S
. 659.227
960,070
1,470,692
420.458
831,779
1,259.267
807,127
402,742
Liabilities
$440,067
1.599.548
306,206
579.680
584^868
42,895
• • ■ « • • •
807,610
• ■ • ■ ■ • •
551.948
432,263
1,000
FOREIGN COMPANIES
United States Branch Statements
Abeille. Paris ....
Alliance Assurance. London (marine).
Alpha General, India (Re-ins.)
Atlantlca (Renins. Marine)
Atlas. London ....
Baltica, Copenhagen, Den. (Reins.)
British America, Toronto, Canada .
British & Foreign Marine, Liverpool
British-General, London, Eng.
Caledonian, Edinburgh ...
Christiania General. Norway, (Reinsurance)
Century, Edinburgh
City Equitable, London, Eng.
Commercial Union, London
Consolidated, London, Eng. .
Eagle, Star and British Dominions .
First Russian, Petrograd (Re-ins.)
General. Paris
Indemnity Mutual (Marine), London, England
Jakor, Moscow (re-ins.) .
La Fondere (Marine), Paris .
Law Union and Rock, London. Eng.
Liverpool & London & Globe. Liverpool. England
London & Lancashire, Liverpool
London and Provincial, Eng. .
London & Scottish, London, England
London Assurance, London
Marine. London. England (Marine)
Meuopolitan Natioiud (Re-ins.)
Moscow. Russia (Re-ins.)
Mount Royal. Montreal. Can.
National, Copenhagen (Re-ins.)
Nationale. Paris ....
Netherlands. The Hague. Holland .
New India, Bombay, India (Re-ins.)
New Zealand. Auckland. N. Z.
Nippon, Tokio, Japan (Re-ins.)
Nordisk, Copenhagen
North British & Mercantile. London
North China, Shanghai, China (Marine)
Northern. London ....
Northern, Moscow (Re-ins.)
Norwegian Atlas, Christiania (Re-ins.)
Norwich Union, Norwich, England .
Palatine. London ....
Patemelle. Paris, France (Re-Ins.)
Patriotic. Dublin, Ireland
Phoenix. London, England
Phenix Fire, Paris. France
Pnidentia, Zurich. Switzerland (Re-ins.)
Reliant^ Marine. Liverpool. London
Royal Exchange, London. England .
Royal. LivenxMl, England
Russian Reinsurance, Petrograd
Salamandra. Copenhagen, Den. (Re-ins.)
Salamandra. Petrograd. Russia (Re-ins.)
Scandinavian-American, Norway
Scottish Union & National, Edtnburg. Scotland
Sea. Liverpool, England ....
Second Russian, Petrograd, Russia (Re-ins.)
Skandia, Stockholm. Sweden (Re-ins.)
Assets
$1,443,023
1 .459.746
1.320.454
653.124
5,440,809
2,463,283
2,256,915
3,119.786
839,326
3.676,474
5.537.395
1,116.269
14.057.804
1,968,037
5,024,148
3,267.033
1.643.325
1.247,519
3.656,937
330,024
1.729,541
19,350,754
7,702,369
784.418
1.752.575
7,104.741
3,142,277
1,097.259
3,489.461
3.549.400
x.462,131
1.488,672
1,232,038
2.124.390
1,333.654
1,224,230
12,401,901
1,132,643
9,610,941
703,105
2,599,292
5,814.416
4.997.638
2,025,363
1.013.730
6,777.754
1,451.016
3.555,554
587,102
5.511.06X
31,217.104
3,441,494
4.259.549
2,990,795
3,228,730
8,443.501
2,900,087
2,155.991
3,391.422
Liabilities
$1,003,2X0
4,877,687
438.984
46,138
4,006,057
1,^87.230
1,601,036
1,275,112
401,212
2.511,838
4.343.517
556,764
9,561,370
1,442,676
3.980,476
3,349.425
1,013,564
3,305.793
30,869
859,946
13,684.033
4,387,066
631,711
4,611,855
1,817,035
693.890
2.588,383
1,748,989
X, 002, 2X0
805.369
224.370
I,X28,324
835.564
8,152.256
309.8X0
6,333,563
42.972
I.S87.63I
4,X4i.394
3.440,832
1.574.592
S13.710
4,344.979
X,0O3,3I0
3,322,656
X90,004
3.275.792
15.544.587
1.623,525
3,201,437
2,222,465
2,281,083
4.534.120
1.593.149
i,64X,767
X, 625, 86 1
214
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Skandinavia, Denmark (Renins.)
South British, N. Z.
Standard Marine, Liverpool
State. Liverpool, England
Sun. London
Svea. Gothenberg. Sweden
Swiss Reinsurance, Zurich. Switzerland
Switzerland General, (Marine). Zurich
Thames and Mersey, Liverpool (Marine)
Tokio Marine. Tokio. Japan
Union & Phenix, Madrid, Spain (Re-ins.)
Union Hispano, Havana. Cuba.
Union Assurance. London. England
Union, Canton, China
Union Marine, Liverpool. England .
Union Fire* Paris. France
Urbaine. Paris. France . ,
Warsaw, Russia (Re-ins.)
Western Alliance, London, Eng.
Western, Toronto. Canada
World Auxiliary, London. Eng.
Yang-tsze, Shanghai. China
Yorkshire, York. England
Assets
S6 ,940.3 1 5
909,086
3,346,013
1.245.378
6.964.334
3,004.018
3,48s.ii6
1.253,443
1.777,753
5.397.083
3.937.456
3,053,019
3,793.638
7,491,431
1,463,717
1.716,759
5.332,355
1,096.7x2
1,003,389
4,835.545
1,309.095
796,617
3.935.331
Liabilities
$5,338,120
546,889
1,553.164
473.364
4.689.487
1.733.043
3.639.601
597.3«Q
939.435
1,572.014
3.312,304
I.416.046
1.873.42a
5.307.922
700,420
1.127.337
3,867.19s
556.490
3.335.990
579.083
362.535
1.850,677
Life and Casualty Section
A
ACCIDENT INSURANCE. The ordinary accident insurance
policy grants a fixed compensation to the insured for a limited time
in case of disabling accident, and also a definite amount to be paid
to a designated person if death results from accident. Such policies
are in general strictly limited by their terms to accidents which to-
tally disable or kill the insured. Companies now issue modified forms
providing for injury and death, with an additional clause as to par-
tial disabilities of a permanent nature, such as loss of a limb, an eye,
a hand, or foot. In order to recover, the injury must arise from" ex-
ternal, violent and accidental means,'' and must be incurred while
the insured is not unnecessarily exposing himself to " obvious danger,"
and while he is not engaged in an occupation more hazardous than
that in which he has elected to be classified and insured; or if more
hazardously occupied at the time of the injury, then recovery can be
had only to the extent to which the premium paid would have purchased
insurance in the more hazardous class. Within these limits there has
been found a great deal of ground for differences of opinion, and many
of the points which have been settled have only been disposed of after
harassing litigation.
The following is a statement of the personal accident business
of the principal companies in 1921:
Companies Premiums Claims
Written Paid
Aetna Casualty and Surety S89,S43 S13.605
Aetna Life 3,428,652 1,473,149
American Indemnity 506 752
Columbian Nat '1 Life 338.654 112,492
Columbia, New York 3a<i62 4t3i6
Commercial Casualty 543*734 167,710
Connecticut General Life 994,412 358,088
Continental 3,056,211 1,317,400
£niplo3rers Indemnity, Kansas City 707.775 475.262
Employers' Liability 599.84a 427.546
Fidelity and Casualty 1,608,889 745 1693
General-Accident 764,879 352,524
General Casualty and Surety 1,901 218
Globe Indemnity 290,423 147.238
Hartford Accident 333,934 120,529
Indemnity Co. of North America 132.773 38,107
Interstate Life and Accident
Kansas Casualty 180,626
Kentucky Central L. &A 1.377,427 55X,509
Lrife and Casualty, Tenn 3.037.559 1.551.846
London Guarantee 286,868 125.548
London and Lancashire 20,699 6.226
Manufacturer's Liability 10.693 4.551
Maryland Casualty 823,517 382,064
Metropolitan Casualty 307 1.250
Xew Amsterdam 188,898 93.058
Xorth American 1.837.578 715,789
iNlorwich Union Indemnity, N. Y 7.487 965
Ocean Accident 479.1 21 190,695
218
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Companies Premiums Claims
Written Paid
Pacific Mutual Life $3,184,688 $801,310
Preferred Accident ' . 987 1068 416.462
Reliance Lifp 209,478 67,462
Republic Casualty Xt367.969 777 .40S
Royal Indemnity 258,394 93.119
Standard x.453t769 684^94
Travelers 7,238,477 3,341.046
Travelers Indemnity 310,532 io3,oS8
Union Indemnity, New Orleans 345.339 167,423
United States Casualty 581,063 208,441
U. S. Fidelity and Guarantee 624,105 293.197
Zurich General 59.198 34.805
Total, 1921 $36,685,150 $16,363,285
1920 30,302,461 11,183,844
1919 25,336,674 9.295.149
1918 25.117,763 10,664,167
1917 . 24,263,858 11,309.980
The following figures include both accident and health business:
American Casualty, Reading, Pa $346,013 $103,338
American National, Texas 459, I90 176,014
Bankers Accident 500,847 281,528
Bankers Casualty, Minn 178,813 1 14.593
Bankers Health and Life. Ga 606,366 381,314
Brotherhood Accident, Mass 415.829 199.506
Business Men's Asso., Mo 3,159.524 x, 153.633
Carolina Life, S. C 960,314 4x9.368
Clover Leaf Casualty 880,871 333.58o
Columbus Mutual Life 62,630 23,539
Commonwealth Casualty 371.982 106,781
Eastern Casualty, Boston 361,760 99.873
Federal Casualty 433.873 147,I3S
Federal Life 438,873 X47,i3S
Industrial Life and Health, Ga 2,374.060 1,113.250
Inter Ocean Casualty 954.2 ix 343.757
Inter State Casualty 800,052 691.922
Loyal Protective, Boston 973.202 560.661
Masonic Protective, Mass 3,468,7x2 x,858.6ii
Massachusetts Accident S70,63X 35 x, 202
Massachusetts Bonding 3,638,728 1,278.986
Merchants Life and Casualty 235,790 97.954
Metropolitan Life, N. Y 677,494 52i,S9o
Midland Casualty, Milwaukee 233.244 95.725
National Accident, Neb X04.244 35.X93
National Casualty i,xo8,S79 422,201
National Life, Chicago » . 2,563,654 925.948
National Life & Accident 10,576,606 4.4x7.238
National Relief 38 x, 390 146.786
Oregon Surety & Casualty 30,372 ix,924
Peerless Casualty 185,432 80.216
Pioneer, Lincoln, Neb. 83,436 27.967
Provident Life and Accident, Tenn i,X48,90X 483^62
Ridgely Protective 1,057,681 567.375
Southern L. & H., Ala 852,109 354.867
Southern Surety 1,046.432 457.723
Time . 409,477 203.074
Travelers Equitable, Minn 244.635 x 12.964
Total, $40,695,747 $18,647,823
1920 35,403,258 9.420,956
Several of the above companies also write Workingmen's Col-
lective Insurance, which is a form of personal . accident insurance
written under a blanket policy in the name of the employee as trus-
Life and Casualty Section 219
tee, and the premium, which is based upon the annual pay-roll, may
be divided pro rata among the employees or the whole borne by the
employer. The following is a statment of premiums and losses under
this form of policy for 192 1 :
Compaoiefl
Aetna Life
Continental Casualty
Employers' Liability
Fidelity and Casualty
Georgia Casualty
Globe Indemnity
Hartford Accident
London Guarantee . *
Maryland Casualty
New Amsterdam
Royal Indemnity
Southern Surety
Standard Accident
Travelers
Union Indemnity, New Orleans
United States Casualty
United SUtes Fidelity
Premiums
Written
Claims
Paid
$21,717
. "si"i',87S
11,042
8,252
147
27,207
16,263
11,814
8,126
""I'Ms
471
40.07s
1 5. 087
30,177
■6;2i8
$147,913
304,145
$63,863
140,561
Total, 1921
Total, 1920
ACTUARIAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA was organized April
25, 1889. [For an account of the origin, charter, and early proceed-
ings of this organization see the Cyclopedia of Insurance for 1 890-1.]
The first president was Sheppard Homans, the second David Parks
Fackler, elected in 1891; the third Howell W. St. John, elected in 1893;
the fourth Emory McClintock, elected in 1895; the fifth Bloomfield
J. Miller, elected in 1897; the sixth Thomas B. Macaulay, elected in
1899; the seventh Oscar B. Ireland, elected in 1901; the eighth Israel C.
Pierson, elected in 1903 and 1904; the ninth Rufus W. Weeks, elected
in 1905; the tenth Daniel H. Wells, elected 1906 and 1907; the eleventh,
John K. Gore, elected in 1908-1909; the twelfth, Archibald A. Welch
elected 1910-1911; the thirteenth, William C. MacDonald, elected
1912-1913; the fourteenth, James M. Craig, elected 1914 and 1915,
the fifteenth, Arthur Hunter, elected 1916 and 1917; the sixteenth,
Henry Moir, elected 1918 and 1919; the seventeenth, William A.
Hutcheson elected 1920 and 1921; the eighteenth, Robert Henderson,
elected 1922.
The thirty-third annual meeting of the Society was held in New
York, N. v., May 18 and 19, 1922.
Officers were elected as follows: President, Robert Henderson*
Equitable Life, New York; vice-president, Wendell M. Strong, Mutual
Life, New York; second vice-president, Arthur B. Wood, Sun Life of
Canada; secretary, John S. Thompson, Mutual Life, New York;
treasurer, David G. Alsop, Provident Life and Trust, Philadelphia;
editor of Transactions, John M. Laird, Connecticut General Life;
Members of the Council: Edward B. Morris, The Travelers, Hartford;
James F. Little, Prudential, Newark; James B. McKechnie, Manufac-
turers Life, Toronto; James E. Flanigan, Bankers Life, Des Moines;
Percy C. H. Papps, Mutual Benefit Life, Newark.
220 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The following was the official membership roll of the society on
May I, 1922:
The Council — Officers: Robert Henderson, president; Wendell M. Strong,
first vice-president: Arthur B. Wood, second vice-president; John S. Thompson,
secretary; David G. Alsop, treasurer; John M. Laird, editor of the "Transactions."
expresidents, David Parks Packler, Howell W. St. John, Thomas B. Macaulay Rufus
W. Weeks, Daniel H. Wells, John K. Gore. Archibald A. Welch. Arthur Hunter.
Henry Moir, William A. Hutcheson; elected Ray D. Murphy, Arthur B. Wood, Wil-
liam Young, (1923); Morris H. Linton, James E. Flanigan, Percy C. H. Papps, (1924)
Edward B. Morris, James F. Little, James B. McKechnie (1925) •
FELLOWS.
David Griacom Alsop (Treasurer), Actuary, Provident Life and Trust Co., 409
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
W. Nelson Bagley, B. S., Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
Amedee Begault, President A. A. Bdg., Cor. Mem 1. A. Eng. and L A. Fr.,
President of the Permanent Committee, International Congress of Actuaries. Avenue
du Derby No. 4. Brussels.
William Pond Barber, Jr., B.S., A.M.. assistant actuary, Connecticut Mutual
Life, Hartford, Conn.
Horace Richardson Bassford, B.A., Metropolitan Life Insurance Company,
New York, N. Y.
Alfred Kimball Blackadar. A. M.. F. I. A., Aasictant Superintendent of Insur-
anoe, Ottawa. Canada
W. Lloyd Blackadar, B. A., Equitable Life .Assurance Society, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ernest Mar Blehl. A. I. A.. A. M.. actuary. Philadelphia Life Insurance Company.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Samuel Swett Boy den. Actuary, Union Mutual Life Insurance Company, Port-
land. Me.
Thomas Bradshaw, F. I. A., Toronto, Canada.
William Breiby, Facklcr and Fackle^, 35 Nassau Street, New York, N. Y.
Everett G. Brown, actuary of the Southwestern Life Insurance Company, Dallas,
Texas.
John Dougall Buchanan, B.A., actuary. London Life Insurance Company,
London. Ontario, Canada.
William J. Cameron, B. A., assistant secretary. Home Life Insurance Company.
New York, N. Y.
Edmund Ernest Cammack, i£tna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
F. Eklgar Cann. M. A., F. A. I. A., assistant actuary. Southern Life and Trust
Company, Greensboro, N. C.
David Carment, F. I. A.. F. F. A.. Assistant Actuary, Australian Mutual Prov-
ident Soc., Sydney. Australia.
Raymond Van Arsdale Catoenter, M. Sc, Assistant Actuary' Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company, i Madison Ave., New York.
* Hubert Cillis, President, Guardian Life Insurance Company, 50 Union Square,
New York.
Arthur Coburn. F. F. A., A. I. A., Northwestern Mutual Life, Milwaukee. Wis.
Richard Huntington Cole, A. B., secretary, Connecticut General Life Insurance
Company. Hartford. Conn.
Henry Milton Cook. B.A., A. I. A., Mutual Life Assurance Company of Canada.
Waterloo, Ontario.
John James Cooper, B.A., A. I. A., Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada.
Montreal, Canada.
James Douglas Craig. Assistant Actuary. Metropolitan Life Insurance Com-
pany. I Madison Ave.. New York.
Emma Warren Cushman. John Hancock Mutual Life. Boston. Mass.
Thomas Arthur Dark. M.A.. A. 1. A.. Actuary, Excelsior Life Insurance Com-
pany. Toronto. Canada.
Adolph Davidson, B.S., Cor. Mem. I. A. Fr.. Actuary, New York Life Insur-
ance Co.. 63 Avenue des Champs Elysees, Paris,
Merwyn Davis, B. A., A. I. A., assistant actuary. Equitable Life Assurance Society.
New York, .N. Y.
David L. S. Douglas, F. F. A., New York Life Insurance Company, 63 .Avenue
des Champs Elysees, Paris. France.
* Charter members.
Life and Casualty Section 221
David L. S. Douglas, F. F. A., New York Life InBUrance Company, 3 Rue le
Peletur. Paris, France.
Miles Menander Dawson, F. I. A.. Counsellor at Law and Consulting Actuary.
a8 W. 44th St.. New York.
Herbert Beeman Dow, A.M., Actuary. New England Mutual Life Insurance
Company. Boston, Mass.
James Strode Elston, A. B., Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
* David Parks Fackler, A.M.. Cor. Mem. I. A. Eng. and I. A. Fr. (Ex-president).
Consulting Actuary, 35 Nassau St., New York.
Edward Bathurst Fackler, A.B., LL.B., Consulting Actuary with D. P* Rockier,
35 Naiisau St., New York.
Elgin G. Fassel, A. I. A., New York Life Insurance Company, 346 Broadway.
New York, N. Y.
Colin Campbell Ferguson. B.A.. A. I. A.. Actuary. Great West Life Assurance
Company, Winmpeg. Man.
Lome Kenelm File, B.A.. F. I. A., Canada Life Assurance Company, Toronto,
Ontario.
Charles Reginald Fitzgerald, B.A., A. I. A.; Actuary, State Mutual Life Insur-
ance Company. Worcester, Mass.
James Edward Flanigan. actuary. Bankers Life Insurance Company, Des Moines,
Iowa.
Benedict Devine Flynn, M. A., assistant secretary, Travelers Insurance Company,
Hartford. Conn.
John Fuhrer. Actuary, vice-president and actuary. Guardian Life Insurance
Company, 50 Union Square, New York.
John Marshall Gaines, ex-deputy commissioner. Bureau of War Risk Insurance,
Bronxville, N. Y.
William Standish Gaylord, A. B., secretary, Home Life Insurance Company
256 Broadway. New York, N. Y.
Charles William Gamerdinger, B. S., assistant actuary. Travelers Insurance
Company. Hartford, Conn.
Frederick Bruce Gerhard, B. Sc., New York Life Insurance Company, New
York. N. Y.
James Burnett Gibb, F. F. A., A. I. A., actuary. Penn. Mutual Life Insurance
Company. Philadelphia. Pa.
John Kinsey Gore. A.M.. (Ex- President), Vice-President and Actuary. Pruden<
:iai Insurance Company, Newark. N. J.
William Joseph Graham second vice-president. Equitable Life Assurance Society
of United States. Chicago. III.
Milton Daniel Grant. B.A., F. I. A., actuary. Sovereign Life Assurance Company,
Winnipeg. Manitoba.
Arthur R. Grow, Actuary. New York Life Insurance Company. 346 Broadway,
New York.
Samuel Sticknev Hall, A.B., Assistant Actuary, Mutual Life Insurance Com-
oany. 33 Nassau St.. New York.
Arthur Freeland Hall, A. I. A., North American Life Assurance Company, Toronto,
Canada.
Liverus Hall Howe. Actuary. John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company,
Boston. Mass.
Valentine Howell, B. S. in Econ., Equitable Life Insurance Company, Des
Moines, la.
M. S. Hallman, A. I. A.. Actuary, Mutual Life Insurance Company of Canada.
Waterloo, Ontario.
Edward Edgington Hardcastle, M.A., A. I. A., Actuary, Union Central Life
Insurance Company. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Francis Henry Hemperley, A.M.. Actuary and Secretary, United Security Life
Insurance and Trust Company, 603 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania.
Robert Henderson, B.A.. F. I. A., second vice-president and actuary, Equitable
Life Assurance Society, 120 Broadway, New York.
Charles Daniel Higham, F. I. A.. 8 Avenue Road. Regents Park. London.
Charles Hildebrand, Ph.B., D. E., Actuary, Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance
Company, Hartford, Connecticut.
William Richmond Hitchins, A.B., A. I. A., 336 Shaw St., Toronto, Ontario.
* John Marahatl Holcombe, M.A., President; Phcenix Mutual Life Insurance
Company, Hartford, Connecticut.
James Emerson Hoskins, A. B., Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
* Charter members.
222 Cyclopedia of Insurance
George William Hubbdl. A.B., Actuary. United States Life Insurance Company.
977 Broadway, New York.
Arthur J. C H)ienergard, B. A., F. A. I. A., actuary Commonwealth Life Insur-
ance Company, Omaha. Neb.
Arthur Hunter. F. F. A.. A. I. A.. F. S. S., Actuary. New York Life Insurance
Company, 346 Broadway, New York.
Robertson Gilbert Hunter. A. I. A., Actuary, Equitable Life Insurance Com-
pany, "Des Moines. Iowa.
Robert Watkinson Huntington. Jr.. A. B.. President, Connecticut General Life
Insurance Company. Hartford. Connecticut.
H. Gordon Hurd. B. A., A. I. A., Great West Life Assurance Company. Winnipeg,
Manitoba.
William Anderson Hutcheson. F. I. A., F. F. A.. Second vice-president and Actuary
Mutual Life Insurance Company. 32 Nassau St.. New York.
Charles William Jackson. M.A., Actuary, Postal Life Insurance Company. New
York. N. Y.
Solomon Achillovich Joffe. M. Sc.. Mem. American Mathematical Society.
Mem. Circolo Matematico di Palermo, Assistant Actuary. Mutual Life Insurance
Company, 32 Nassau St.. New York.
Albert Wesley Johnson. M. A., Excelsior Life Assurance Company, Toronto. Can.
Murat L. Johnson, A.B.. Penn. Mutual Life Insurance Company. Philadelphia. Pa.
Frederick Henry Johnston. A. I. A.. Associate Actuary. Prudential Insurance
Company, Newark. New Jersey.
Sherman Crary Kattell. B. S., State Mutual Life. Worcester, Mass.
David Errett Kilgour. M.A.. A. I. A.. Actuary, North American Life Assurance
Company, Toronto, Ontario.
George King. F. I. A.. F. F. A., Cor. Mem. I. A., Fr. and A. A. Belg., 15 Wal-
brook, E. C., London.
Walter Irving King, A. B., secretary group insurance department, Connecti-
cut General Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
Arthur Julius Koeppe, Union Central Life. Cincinnati, Ohio.
John Morrison Laing. B.A., A. I. A., Assistant Actuary, Mutual Life Assurance
Company of Canada, Waterloo, Ontario.
John Melvin Laird. B.A., A. I. A., Actuary, Connecticut General Life Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn.
Milton Palmer LangstaflF, A. I. A., Actuary, Dominion Life Assurance Company,
Waterloo. Ontario. Canada.
John Ruse Larus. Jr., B.A., Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford.
Conn.
Omer Lepreuz. Cor. Mem. I. A. Eng. and I. A. Fr.. Honorary President. The
Permanent Committee, International Congress of Actuaries. Honorary President.
A. A. Belg. Honorary Director General. " Caisse Generale d'Epargne et de Retraite."
Director. Banque Nationale de Belgique, Chateau des Eglantines i)or Audergbem.
Brussels.
George Leslie, Consulting Actuary, Wellington. New Zealand.
George James Lidstone. F. I. A.. F. F. A.. Manager and Actuary Scottish Widows*
Fund Life Assurance Society, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Morris Albert Linton. B.S.. M.A.. F. 1. A., vice-president and Actuary; Provident
Life and Trust Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
James Fulton Little. F. I. A., Prudential Insurance Company. Newark, N. J.
Charles Alexander McConaghy, B. A., A. I. A., Bankers Reserve Life Insurance
Company, Omaha, Neb.
James Baldwin McKechnie. M.A., A. I. A., General manager and Actuary.
Manufacturers Life Insurance Company, Toronto, Can.
J. Bertram Mahon, B. Sc., A. I. A., assistant actuary, Sun Life Assurance Com-
pany, Montreal, Can.
* Thomas Bassett Macaulay, F. I. A.. F. S. S.. Cor. Mem. I. A. Fr.. (Ez-Presi-
dent). President. Sun Life .Assurance Company of Canada. Montreal, Que.
Frank Daniel MacCharles, A. M., Assistant .Actuary, Great Western Life,
Winnipeg. Manitoba, Can.
William Macfarlane, F. F. A., Assistant Actuary, New York Life Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y.
Alexander T. Maclean, F. F. A.. Assistant Actuary, Massachusetts Mutual Life
Insurance Company, Springfiel'd. Mass.
Joseph B. Maclean, F. F. A., Mutual Life Insurance Company. New York, N. Y.
* Charter members.
Life and Casualty Section 223
Edward Wayne Marshall, Assistant Actuary, Provident Life and Trust, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
* William Andrew Marshall. President. Home Life Insurance Company, 356
Broadway. New York.
Franklin Bush Mead, A.B., Secretary and Actuary. Lincoln National Life Insur-
ance Company. Fort Wayne, Ind.
Samuel Milligan. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, z Madison Ave., New
York. N. Y.
Henry Moir, F. I. A., F. F. A., Actuary, Home Life Insurance Company, 256
Broadway, New York.
Edward Boutecou Morris, Ph. B.. Actuary. Travelers Insurance Company. Hart-
ford, Conn.
Albert Henry Mowbray, A. B., Actuary, National Council on Workmen's Compen-
pensation Insurance, 16 E. 40th St., New York, N. Y.
Ray Dickinson Murphy. A.B., Assistant Actuary. Equitable Life Assurance
Society. New York, N. Y.
* Joseph Howard Nitchie, A.B.. Consulting Actuary. 19 South La Salle St.*
Chkago. lU.
Edward Oiifiers, A. I. A. Actuary A "Sul America" Campanhia de Seguros de
vida, 82 rua do ouvidor, Caixa postal 97 !• Bio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Percy Charles Herbert Papps. A. I. A., Actuary. Mutual Benefit life Insurance
Company. Newark N. J.
John Gowans Parker, B.A., A. I. A., Associate Actuary, Imperial Life Assurance
Company, Toronto, Canada.
Maximilian Heinrich Peiler, Actuary, i£tna Life Insurance Company, Hartford.
Conn.
Arthur Eugene Pequegnat, A. I. A., Mutual Life Assurance Company of Canada,
Waterloo. Ontario.
Oliver Winfred Perrin, A.M.. Assistant Actuary. Penn Mutual Life Insurance
Company. Philadelphia, Pa.
Arthur A. Pettigrew, Equitable Life Assurance Society, 120 Broadway, New
York, N. Y.
Sidney Herbert Pipe, A. I. A., Actuary, Toronto, Canada.
Gardner Ladd Plumley, Consulting Actuary, 382 East 199th St., New York, N. Y.
Jules Theaul Albert Quiquet, Secretaire de I'lnstitut des Actuaries francais. Cor.
Mem. I. A. Eng.. A. A. Belg., and A. A. Suisse, Actuary, "Compagnie La Nationale,"
92 Boulevard Saint Germain, Paris.
Harry Izard Bacon Rice, A. M., Associate Actuary, Connecticut Mutual Life
Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
Charles Grant Reiter, Assistant Actuary, Metropolitan Life Insurance Com*
pany. z Madison Ave., New York.
Edward E. Rhodes, Vice-President Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company,
Newark, N. J.
Josephus Hargreaves Richardson. F. F. A., A. I. A., Commissioner Government
Life Insurance Department. Wellington. New Zealand.
John George Richter, General Manager and Supervising Actuary. London Life
Ittsnrance Company. London. Ont.
Hugh Wilfred Robertson, Assistant Actuary, Equiuble Life Assurance Society
Z30 Broadway, New York.
John Francis Roche. Vice-President Manhattan Life Insurance Company, New
York.
Douglas H. Roae, President, Maryland Life Insurance Company. Baltimore,
Md.
Charles Dickson Rutherford. Sun Life Assurance Company, Montreal, Canada.
Gerald Hemmington Ryan, P. I. A., General Manager Phoenix Assurance Com-
pany, Ltd., E. C. London.
Adolph August Rydgren, Actuary, Cleveland Life Insurance Company, Cleve-
land, Ohio.
* Howell Williams St. John. Ph.B. (Ex-President). .Cor. Mem. I. A.. Fr.. Mem.
American Statistical Society, Actuary, MItol Life Insurance Company, Hartford,
Conn.
George Ferry Salter, M.S.. Prudential Insurance Co., Newark, N. J.
* George White Sanders, A.B., Actuary, Michigan Mutual Life Insurance
Company, Detroit, Mich.
Frank Sanderson, LL.D.. A. I. A.. F. F. A.. Consulting Actuary, Toronto, Can.
* Charter members.
224 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Frederick Schooling, F. I. A., Director, Prudential Assurance Company, Hol-
born Bars. E. C. London.
James Scott, ;£tna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
Herbert Norman Sheppard, B.A.. A. I. A., Assistant Actuary. Home Ijfe Innir-
ance Company, 356 Broadway, New York.
Coll Claude Sinclair, B. A., Great West Life Assurance Company, Winnipeg,
Manitoba, Can.
Francis M. Smith, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y.
Alexander Albert Speers, B. A., F. A. I. A., Actuary, North American Life
Insurance Company, Omaha, Neb.
Herbert R. Stephenson, A. I. A., Actuary, Crown Life Insurance Company,
Toronto, Can.
Samuel Edgar Stilwell, Ph.D., Actuary, Western and Southern Life Insurance
Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
William Ballantyne Strachan, B. A., Imperial Life Assurance Company, Toronto,
Ontario, Can.
Wendell Melville Strong, Ph.D.,LL.B.. Associate Actuary, Mutual Life Insurance
Company, 33 Nassau St., New York.
Thomas Freeman Tarbell, A. B., Hartford, Conn.
J. Walter Tebbets, M.A.. Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, Newark. N. J.
Richard Teece, F. I. A., F. F. A.. Actuary, Australian Mutual Provident Society,
Sydney. Australia.
Herbert Cecil Thiselton. F. I. A., F. F. A., General Manager, London Guarantee
and Accident Company, London, E. C, England.
Earl Mountain Thomas, B. S., A. M., Awistant Actuary, John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Company, Boston, Mass.
John Spencer Thompson. M.A.. F. I. A., F. F. A., Assistant Actuary, Mutual Life
Insurance Company. 33 Nassau St., New York, N. Y.
Morris Whittemore Torrey, Manager. Reinsurance division. Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company, New York, N. Y.
Dwight A. Walker, B.A., A. I. A., assistant actuary. Equitable Life Assurance
Society, New York.
Andrew Daniel Watson, A. I. A., Actuary, Government Insurance Department,
Ottawa, Canada.
James Douglas Watson, F. I. A.. Deputy Chairman, Eagle, Star and British
Dominions Insurance Company, 33 Moorgate St., London, E. C.
William Arthur Watt, M.A., A. I. A.. Secretary and Actuary, Southern Life and
Trust Company. Greensboro. N. C.
* Rufus Wells Weeks. A. I. A.. Cor. Mem. I. A. Fr.. (Ex-Preddent), Vkc-
President and Chief Actuary, New York Life Insurance Company. 346 Broadway.
New York.
Archibald Ashley Welch, A. B., Yice-president, Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn.
* Daniel Halsey Wells, Ph B., C. E., (Ex-President), Consulting Actuary. Con-
necticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
Albert W. Whitney, .\.B., General manager, National Workmen's Comt>ensation
Service Bureau, 13 Park Row, New York, N. Y.
William Joseph Hatchings Whittall, F. I. A., Grayswood Hill, Haslemere, Lon-
don, England.
Frederick Alfred Williams, A. I. A., F. S. S., Manager and Actuary, La Nacional
Compania de Seguros sobre la Vida, Mexico City. Mex.
William Rulon Williamson, M. A., Assistant Actuary, Travelers Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn.
* Asa Shove Wing, Cor. Mem. I. A. Fr., President, Provident Life and Trun
Company, 409 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Hugh Herbert Wolfenden, A. I. A., F. F. S., Grimsby, Ontario, Canada.
Arthur Barton Wood, A.B., F. I. A., Actuary, Sun Life Assurance Company of
Canada, Montreal, Can.
William Archibald Porter Wood, B.A., A. I. A., Actuary, Canada Life Assur-
ance Company, Toronto, Can.
Ernest Woods, F. I. A., Actuary, Guardian Assurance Company. Ltd., 11 Lombard
St., W. C, London.
♦ George Badger Woodward, Second Vice-president, Metropolitan Life Insur-
ance Company, x Madison Ave.. New York.
Joseph Hooker Woodward, Ph. B., Equitable Life Assurance Society, I30 Broad-
way, New York, N. Y.
* Charter members.
Life and Casualty Section 225
Peter Troth Wright. A.M., 704 West St.. Wilmiocton. Del.
Frank Bertrand W>'att, F. I. A., 37 Edwardes Square, Kensington W. 8., London,
Eng.
Tsuneta Yano, Cor. Mem. I. A. Fr., Ex<president, Institute of Actuaries of Japan,
President. First Mutual Life Insurance Company. Nehonbashi-ku, Tokio.
William Young, F. F. A., New York Life Insurance Co., 346 Broadway, New York.
There are two grades in the Society, viz. : Fellows and Associates,
and, practically speaking, no one can become a Fellow unless he passes
the prescribed examinations for Associateship and for Fellowship —
a course which takes four or five years. Anyone who has been pur-
suing actuarial studies and is favorably known to two members of the
Society may make application to the Council, and if his application is
approved by the Council and he can then pass the examinations pre-
scribed by the Council, he will be admitted as an Associate. Examina-
tions may be waived if a candidate for admission as associate who,
while not a resident of the United States or Canada, has passed an
equivalent examination by another recognized society, and no examina-
tion fee will be required. He may be permitted to take the examinations
before attaining age 21, but cannot become an Associate until attaining
that age.
Any Associate who has been such for at least ten months and is
25 years of age may apply to the Council for Fellowship, and if his
application is approved and he passes two additional examinations,
he will then become a Fellow. He may take the examinations before
attaining aee 25, but cannot become a Fellow until attaining that age.
Fellows of the Society ma^ append to their names the initials " F. A. S.,"
and Associates "A. A. b."
The examinations are held on the first Wednesday and Thursday
after the twentieth of May in each year. The custom has been to hold
the examinations in as many places and in such localities as will be con-
venient to two or more candidates, although in certain cases an examina-
tion center is instituted for a single person. Examinations have here-
tofore been exclusively in writing. Examinations are now divided into
four parts for Associateship, which may be taken in different years;
and into two parts for Fellowship. Two parts of the Associateship and
no more can be taken in one year.
All applications for admission to the examinations must be sub-
mitted to the Council, which cannot act thereon until at least twenty
days after notice has been given of such candidacy, to all the members
of the Society. Applications are required to be in the hands of
the Secretary on or before the 1st of March of each year.
The Society publishes annually a pamphlet giving the examination
papers for the year, and another pamphlet giving the recommendations
of the Educational Committee. The published Transactions of the
Society contain the various papers presented at the meetings, and the
discussions thereon. Copies may be had at $.75 each by addressing the
Secretary, Room 1233, 346 Broadway, New York City.
ACTUARY. Originally a public officer in the Roman courts
of justice, who drew up contracts, etc., in the presence of the magis-
trates. Actuaries also kept the military accounts of the Romans.
226 Cyclopedia of Insurance
[See Walford.] In the United States the profession of actuary is .
confined principally to the mathematical questions involved in the
practice of life insurance, such as the construction of premiums, dis-
tribution of surplus, surrender values, etc. The actuary is usually
an ofhcer of his company, but is seldom, contrary to the English prac-
tice, a manager.
iETNA CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY. Hartford,
Conn. Began business 1907; capital, $2,000,000. Morgan G. Bulk-
eley, president; D. N. Gage, Vice-president; C. H. Remington, vice-
president and assistant treasurer; M. B. Brainard, treasurer; M. G.
Bulkeley, Jr., assistant treasurer; Rawdon W. Myers, secretar>';
John S. Turn, secretary New York branch; W. E. A. Bulkeley. auditor;
Barrett A. Hunt, Actuary; Harry Tyler Smith, Oliver R. Beckwith
counsel; J. H. Ford and C. E. Sprague, auditors of payrolls and ac-
counts; David Van Schaack, director of bureau of inspection and
accident prevention; William L. Mooney, agency secretary; N. C. Stev-
ens, secretary, plate glass; D. G. Stone, secretary, water damage and
fly wheel; A. R. Sexton, A. B. Palmerton, secretaries, fidelity and
surety; W. J. O'Donnell, secretary, automobile; G. E. Ashley, assistant
secretary, burglary.
The company, formerly i^tna Accident and Liability Company,
adopted the present title in 1917.
iETNA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of Hartford. The
JEtna. (Fire) Insurance Company, in 1820, the year after its incor-
f>oration, received authority from the Connecticut legislature to estab-
ish an annuity fund, with a capital stock of $150,000 to be pledged
exclusively for the payment of annuities and of losses upon insured
lives. It was not until 1850, however, that the company availed itself
of this privilege. In 1853 a petition was presented to the General
Assembly in Hartford asking for an alteration of the company's char-
ter so as to constitute the shareholders of the annuity fund a sep-
arate and distinct corporation for the purpose of conducting a life
insurance business. The bill was passed May 25, 1853, and the ^tna
Life Insurance Company came into existence with Judge Eliphalet
A. Bulkeley as its first president. John W. Seymour was made sec-
retary. The directors were E. A. Bulkeley, Austin Dunham, H. Z.
Pratt, Law^son C. Ives, Mark Howard, John Warburton, Roland
Mather, S. L. Loomis, J. W. Seymour, and W. H. D. Callender.
For the first few years, development, in comparison with the
rapid growth of recent years, was slow, due largely to the period of
financial depression preceding the Civil War. But since 1863 prog-
ress has been swift and steady. In 1861 the company began issu-
ing participating policies. The JEtna, Life was a pioneer in loaning to
western farmers, and secured many mortgages in Illinois bearing ten per
cent, interest. Immigration was heavy, with a consequent enhancement
of land value, and both the farmers and the company prospered by the
latter's foresight. Later the company repeated the process in Iowa
with equal success. This policy of taking farm mortgages has always
Life and Casualty Section
227
been a favorite form of investment with the JEtna Life, and has met
with extraordinarily fortunate results. The following table shows
clearly the growth of the company:
ASSETS AND LIFE INSURANCE IN FORCE
End of Year
No. of Policiea
Amount InBured
Assets
Z850
1.003
$1,281,710
$168,788
1865
14.154
32,935.996
2,036.823
1880
56.651
77,951.819
26.327.267
1890
74.014
117.656,381
34.500,875
189s
85.368
140.027.260
43,560,037
1900
108,756
184,552,083
55.901,476
190S
146,215
250,858.315
79,247,504
1910
170.208
307.102,649
101.018,143
19x6
202,971
467,545.656
131.298,624
1917
214,814
572,916,282
140,584,444
Z918
219.814
673.171.467
149.788,100
1919
242.364
892.676.309
163,097.712
1920
267,876
1,155.589.341
177.502,366
1921
281,736
1,204.000,397
191. 7 18.046
On January i, 1891, the company opened an accident department,
and in 1902 began the issue of employers liability insurance. The acci-
dent premium income in 1891, was $39,806.15; in 192 1 the accident,
health, liability and workmen's compensation premium income was
$24,066,662. The total assets of all departments on January i, 1922,
were $191,718,046.24. The liabilities were $169,438,524.23, and the
surplus was $22,279,522.01.
Hon. E. A. Bulkeley held the office of president until his death
in 1872, when he was succeeded by Thomas O. Enders. In 1878 the
company petitioned the General Assembly for authority to increase
the capital to an amount not exceeding $750,000, and the charter was
amencled accordingly. The act required the increase to be made from
surplus funds derived from non-participating stock plan business.
The capital stood at $750,000 until 1883, when the charter was again
amended authorizing an increase to $2,000,000. Meanwhile Mr.
Enders had resigned in 1879 and the present head of the company,
Morgan G. Bulkeley, son of the first president, became president.
In 1883 the capital was increased to $1,000,000; in 1887 to $1,250,000;
in 1892 to $1,500,000; in 1895 to $1,750,000. In 1903 it was increased
to $2,000,000; in 19 13 to $4,000,000, and in 19 15 to $5,000,000.
Expanding business has required repeated changes in location.
In 1888 the company bought for $231,000 the building which the
Charter Oak Life Insurance Company erected at a cost of $844,380.
That same year the ^Etna Life moved in and occupied the first floor. It
was not long before it became necessary to use the whole five-story build-
ing, and in 19 13 it was decided to add five more stories. By April, 19 15,
the new home office was ready for occupation, and so great was the amount
of business that all available room was in use immediately.
Since the founding of the company, vice-presidents have been:
J. W. Seymour, 1856-57; John Warburton, 1857-60; S. L. Loomis,
1860-63; Austin Dunham, 1863-77; W. H. Bulkeley, 1877-79; J- C.
Webster, 1879-1900; J. L. English, 1905- ; M. B. Brainard, 1910-;
C- H. Remington, 1922- ; Frank Bushnell, 1922.
228 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The secretaries have been: J. W. Seymour, 1853-55; Samuel
Coit, 1855-58; Thomas O. Enders, 1858-72; J. L. English, 1872-
1905; C. E. Gilbert, 1905-; W. H. Newell, 191 7*.
The present officers of the company are: Morgan G. Bulkeley, pre-
sident; J. L. English, vice-president; M. B. Brainard, vice-president;
C. H. Remington, vice-president and assistant treasurer; Frank Bush-
nell, vice-president; C. E. Gilbert, secretary; W. H. Newell, secretary;
M. G. Bulkeley, Jr., treasurer; A. J. Moody, assistant secretary; C. H.
Symonds, assistant secretary; H. W. St. John, actuary; M. H. Peiler,
actuary; E. E. Cammack, actuary; W. E. A. Bulkeley, auditor; S. R.
Braman, assistant auditor; H. E. Wright, assistant auditor; Lewis
Sperry, general counsel; Frank W. Bidwell, secretary of claim division;
R. B. English secretary of Group Division; Edward K. Root, M.D.,
medical director; Phineas H. Ingalls, M.D., associate medical director;
W. E. Dickerman, M.D., associate medical director; Ernest A. Wells,
M. D., associate medical director; William R. Miller, M. D., associate
medical director.
Accident and Liability department: J. M. Parker, Jr., secretary;
E. C. Higgins, secretary; C. B. Morcom, secretary; E. C. Bowen,
assistant secretary; Philip L. Hotchkiss, assistant secretary; J. V.
Adams, assistant secretary; B. A. Hunt, assistant secretary; F. L.
Parker, assistant secretary; F. E. Barber, assistant secretary; John S.
Turn, secretary New York Branch; Geo. E. Tucker, M. D., medical
•director; David Van Schaack, director of Bureau of Inspection and
Accident Prevention; Harry Tyler Smith, counsel; William L. Mooney,
agency secretary; J. H. Ford, auditor of payrolls and accounts; C. E.
Sprague, auditor of payrolls and accounts.
Directors: Morgan G. Bulkeley, Samuel G. Dunham, John 0.
Enders, M. B. Brainard, W. E. A. Bulkeley, J. L. English, Lewis Sperr>',
D. Newton Barney, M. G. Bulkeley, Jr., C. H. Remington.
AGRICULTURAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Bay City.
Mich. Organized in 1914. Francis F. McGinnis, president; Willard
E. King, vice-president; Jos. C. Grosjean, secretary and treasurer;
T. O. Teschendorf, assistant secretary and actuary; F. A. Benson,
superintendent of agencies.
ALABAMA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. 1860-1922.
In i860 the supervision of the business of insurance in Alabama was
vested in the State Auditor, but by an act of the Legislature in 1897
it was transfered to the Secretary of State, who became insurance
commissioner, ex-officio. John Purifoy was elected in 1915. The
legislature of 1915 created a separate insurance department. The
commissioner is appointed by the governor. The term is four years
and the salary $3,000 per annum. C. Brooks Smith was appointed under
tfce law and was succeeded in 19 19 by L. Y. Dean. The present com-
missioner, appointed in 1920, is A. W. Briscoe. [See Cyclopedia for
1913-14 for list of former officials.]
Life and Casualty Section 229
ALABAMA NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Birmingham, Ala. Organized 1908; capital, $156,587. E. R. Mc-
David, president; J. T. Palmer, vice-president; Sterling J. Foster,
vice-president and agency director; Sam V. Woodfin, second vice-
president; J. B. Burris, third vice-president; A. L. Fairley, secretary
and treasurer; Samuel Barnett, actuary; Dr. J. D. Heacock, medical
director; Dr. W. P. McAdor>', assistant medical director. The com-
pany, organized as Great Southern Life, adopted the present title
July I, 1921.
ALASKA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. By act of Con-
gress, approved June 6, 1900, insurance companies are required to
report to the Surveyor-General, who is acting Secretary of the Dis-
trict. The present incumbent of the office is R. J . Sommers.
ALLIANCE AGAINST ACCIDENT FRAUD. An Associa-
tion of casualty insurance companies and representatives of railroads,
was organized at a meeting in New York, m November, 1905. Its
object IS stated to be: "To protect and defend its members against
fraudulent claims; to prosecute all persons engaged in presenting and
promoting such claims; to collect and disseminate information to its
members, concerning fake claimants, shyster lawyers, unprincipled
physicians, ambulance chasers, false witnesses, and others engaged in
such practices and their methods." Officers were elected as follows:
President, Robert B. Armstrong, Casualty Company of America;
first vice-president, James R. Piatt, United Railways & Electric Com-
pany, Baltimore; second vice-president, R. C. Richards, Chicago &
Northwestern Railway Company; secretary and treasurer, Chauncey
S. S. Miller, Casualty Company of America. The work of the Alliance
is carried on through committees. At the annual meeting in January,
1922, officers were elected as follows: Wm. D. Cushman, president;
Second Avenue RR. Co.; Otto Kaufmann, vice-president, Maryland
Casualty; F. L. Arnold, secretary; F. D. Edmunds, treasurer; direc-
tors: Chas. J. Druhan, Assistant Corporation Counsel, City of New
Vork; J. L. Quackenbush, Interborough R. T. Co.; Chas. J. Quinlan,
Black and White Taxi Co.; J. W. Yenson, Third Avenue RR. Co.;
\Vm. S. McClure, New Jersey Fidelity and Plate Glass Insurance Co.;
C. P. Reid, Travelers Insurance Co.; Room 2001 Park Row Building,
New York.
The Index Bureaus have been established at the followimg places:
Xew York City, 21 Park Row; Philadelphia, Pa., Land Title build-
ing, Philadelphia, Pa.; Chicago, 111., Old Colony building, Chicago, 111.;
Boston, 88 nroad Street, Boston, Mass.
AMERICAN BANKERS INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago,
111. Organized 1909; capital, $118,505. E. W. Spicer, president;
R. A. Hann, vice-president and actuary; John O. Karstrom, secretary
and treasurer; Rufus M. Bishop, medical director.
AMERICAN CASUALTY COMPANY, Reading, Pa. Organ-
ized 1902; capital, $500,000 E. P. Van Reedt president; James M.
>Iiller, vice-president; Harvey H. Shomo, secretary and treasurer.
230 Cyclopedia of Insurance
AMERICAN CENTRAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1899; capital $137,000. H. M. Woollen,
president; E. Woollen, vice-president; E. A. Meyer, secretary; F. W.
Morrison, M. F. Belisle, H. R. Wilson, vice-presidents; George E.
Hume, treasurer; Henry W. Buttolph, actuary; Greenly V. Woolen,
medical director; J. M. Smith, assistant medical director; Roy A.
Hunt, vice-president.
AMERICAN CREDIT INDEMNITY COMPANY. New York.
Organized 1893; capital $350,000. Edwin M. Treat, president;
A. L. Shapleigh and J. J. Schotten, vice-presidents; L. J. Nouss,
secretary; C. B. Brownlee, treasurer. The executive headquarters of
the company are in St. Louis, Mo.
AMERICAN FIDELITY COMPANY, Montpelier. Vt. Organ-
ized 1900; cash capital, $150,000. C. H. Darling, president; B. B.
Bailey, vice-president; L. D. Taft, second vice-president; Ralph B.
Denny, secretary and treasurer.
AMERICAN FRATERNAL CONGRESS, was organized at a
meeting in Chicago, 111., in February, 1919, and is the successor of
the Presidents' Association of Fraternal Societies organized in No-
vember, 19 1 8, Its objects are the furthering of legislation favorable
to fraternal societies and the promotion of their interest6 in general.
The officers elected were: President, A, R. Talbot, head counsel. Modern
Woodmen of America; secretary, John H. Notley, Supreme Master,
Mystic Workers of the World.
The third annual meeting of the Congress was held in Chicago
February 20-21, 1922. President Mrs. Frances E. Burns, Great Com-
mander, Ladies of the Maccabees, Presided.
In her address Mrs. Burns gave an able review of Fraternal opera-
tions during the past year. Her recommendation included greater
activity on the part of Societies in welfare work, and complete adoption
of the New York Conference Bill in all states .n which it is not now the
law. In closing she discussed United States Life Tables emphasizing
the point that these tables show that women have a longevity of three
years greater than the exclusive male table.
Papers were read as follows: "Progress in Fraternal Valuation."
W. N. Phillips, actuar>', R. N. A.; "Should the measure of Solvency,
Including Publicity, applied to Fraternals, be required of Old Line
and all forms of Life Insurance," L. K. Cleaveland, NorthAmerican
Union; "Field Work Business Principles," W. A. Eraser, Woodmen of
World; "Standards of Medical Selections," Dr. W. J. Means, American
Insurance Union; "Oklahoma Plan of Supervision," I. I. Boak, Wood-
men of the World, Denver; "Suggested Plans to Secure and Hold New
Business," J. M. Kirkpatrick, Security Benefit Association; "New Ideas
of Solving the old Problems of Lapses, "C. B. Gardner, Modern Order of
Praetorians; "Overhead Expense of Administration," D. E. Smith,
Mystic Workers of the World ; "Improving Interest in Lodge Meetings"
Mrs. Eva Child, Royal Neighbors of America; "The Relationship of
Life and Casualty Section 231
Fraternal Magazines to Fraternal Societies," Arthur S. Hamilton, The
Fraternal Monitor; "Outlook of the Future," E. J. Dunn, Loyal Ameri-
can Life Association.
Officers were elected as follows: President, C. B. Gardner, Dallas,
Texas; past president, Mrs. Frances E. Burns, St. Louis, Mich.;
vice-president, L L Boak, Denver, Colo.; secretary, W. N. Phillips
Rock Island, 111.; treasurer, Mrs. Carrie E. Torrey, Port Huron, Mich.
AMERICAN GUARANTY COMPANY, Columbus, Ohio.
Organized 191 2; capital, $215,000. John L. Hamilton, president;
Samuel C. Wheeler and Burt S. Stratton, vice-presidents; E. J. Johnson
secretary; John L. Hamilton, Jr.,. treasurer. Business transacted is
casualty insurance.
AMERICAN INDEMNITY COMPANY, Galveston, Tex.
Organized 1913; cash capital, $600,000. Sealy Hutchings, president;
C. H. Moore, vice-president; John Sealy, vice-president; George
Scaly, vice-president and secretary; H. O. Stein, vice-president and
treasurer; J. F. Seinsheimer, vice-president and general manager;
J. M. Jacobs, assistant secretary and agency manager; H. Economidy,
assistant secretary and comptroller.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES. This associa-
tion was organized at a meeting held in Chicago in May, 1909, and the
organization was promoted by and is largely composed of actuaries
connected with companies located in the central, western, and south-
ern sections of the country, and its purposes are the advancement of
the science of insurance mathematics. The membership is composed
of Fellows, Associates and Contributine members. Anyone of legal
age pursuing actuarial studies may become an associate, on nomina-
tion by two Fellows and approved by the Board of Governors, and
having passed such examination as the Board of Governors may pre-
scribe. Any associate, who has been such for at least two months and
is twenty-five years of age, may become a Fellow on passing such final
examination as may be required by the Board of Governors. The
examination may be waived if the candidate has passed an equivalent
examination required by another recognized society of actuaries.
Associate members are not entitled to vote or hold office, and contribut-
ing members may be any legal reserve company. The officers of the
Institute are under the direction of a Board of Governors consisting
of the officers, ex-presidents, and six elected members — two being
sleeted annually. Lucius McAdam was the first president, and Jacob
C- Seitz, secretary.
The following was the membership roll on June i, 1922:
Board of Governors — Officers: President, George Graham; vice-president, James
Kairlie; secretary, George B. Pattison; treasurer, Bert J. Stookey; librarian, Edwin
R. Carter; editor, Donald F. Campbell: ex-presidents, Henry Wright Buttolph:
Orwald James Arnold, Joseph Howard Nitchie, Charles Harrison Beckett; elected
meinTierB, Lawrence M. Cathles. Percy H. Evans, James Waterman Glover, Frank J.
Haight, Thomas A. Phillips, Jacob Charles Rietz.
232 Cyclopedia of Ixsuranxe
FELLOWS
Sinclair E. Allison, A. A. S., Pan American Life Insurance Company. New Orleans,
La.
Henry W. Allstrom, A.A.S., Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company. St.
Paul. Minn.
Ernest C. Ames, A. B.. LL.B., Bankers Life Insurance Company, Lincoln, Neb.
Lewis Albert Anderson, B.L., Insurance department, Madison, Wis.
Lewis Albert Anderson, B.L., Central Life Assurance Society, of the United
States, Des Moines, la.
Charles Hart Angell, A.B., Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company,
Springfield, Mass.
Troy Wilson Appleby, A.M.. Ohio National Life Insurance Company, Cin-
cinnati. Ohio.
Oswald James Arnold. B.&, Illinois Life Insurance Company, Chicago, 111.
W. Nelson Bagley. B.S., F.A.S., The Travelers Insurance Company. Hartford
Conn.
WMlHam Francis Barnard, consulting actuary, Syracuse, N. Y.
Samuel Barnett, A.B., C. E.. consulting actuary. Atlanta, Ga.
Charles Harrison Beckett. A.B., Mem., A. M. S.. State Life Insurance Company.
Indianapolis. Ind.
Judah Phillip Bowerman. George Washington Life Insurance Company, Charles-
ton. W. Va.
GeorKC Burton Buck. 356 Broadway. New York. N. Y.
Russell Conklin Burton, A. B., New World Life Insurance Company, Spokane,
Wash.
Henry Wright Buttolph, A.M., A.A.S., American Central Life Insurance Com-
pany, Indianapolis. Ind.
J. Campbell Cameron, M.FA., F. . A., A. A. S.. Great Southern Life Insurance
Company, Houston, Tex.
Donald Francis Campbell, A.M., Ph.D., (Mem. A.M.S.,) 76 West Monroe St.,
Chicago. 111.
Francis Edgar Cann, M.A., F.A.S., Southern Life and Trust Company, Greens-
boro. N. C.
Edwin Richmond Carter, National Life Insurance Company of United States of
America, Chkago, 111.
Lawrence M. Cathles. F. F. A., A. I. A., A. A . S., Southland Life Insurance.
Company, Dallas, Texas.
Arthur Coburn, F.A.S.. Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, Mil-
waukee. Wis.
Ralph B. Coit. Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company. Greensboro. N. C>
Henry Richmond Corbett, B. Sc., Ph. M., Insurance Exchange Building. Chicago.
lU.
James D. Craig. F.A.S., Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. New York, N. Y.
Harold W. Curjel, M.A.. A.A.S., F.I. A.. Illinois Life Insurance Company,
Chicago, III.
Miles M. Dawson, F. A. S., F. I. A., L.L.D., Suite lOOS 26 West 44th St., New
York, N. Y.
Frederick Adams Draper, 616 First St., Wausau, Wis.
Earl O. Dunlap. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y.
James Strode Elston, A.B., F.A.S.. The Travelers Insurance Company. Hart-
ford, Conn.
Saul Epsteen, Ph.D., Lajara. Colo.
Percy H. Evans, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Milwaukee.
Wis.
James Fairlie. M. A., A. A. S., Mutual Life Insurance Company of Illinois.
Springfield, 111.
James F. Flanigan. F. A. S., Bankers Life Insurance Company, Des Moines, Iowa.
Richard Fondiller. M.A., LL.B., Itquitable Life Assurance Society, New York
City. N. Y.
J. Burnett Gibb, F. F. A.. A. I. A.. F. A. S.. Penn. Mutual Life Insurance Company,
Philadelphia. Pa.
James Waterman Glover. A.M., Ph.D.. F. A. A. S., (Mem. A. M. S.), 620 Oxford
Road. Ann Arbor, Mich.
William H. Gould, M. A., A. I. A., A. A. S.. 256 Broadway, New York City. N. Y.
George Graham, F. F. A., A. A. S., A. I. A., Central States Life Insurance Com-
pany, St. Louis, Mo.
Life and Casualty Section 233
Winifred W. Greene, Employers Mutual Insurance Company, 6i Broadway.
New York, N. Y.
Marcus Gunn, A. B., 29 South LaSalle St., Chicago, 111.
Frank j. Haight, 813 Hume-Mansur Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
G. Hann, Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company, Lc
Julian C. Harvey, L.L.B., Third National Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo..
Alfred G. Hann, Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company, Loa Angeles, Cal.
Julian C. Harvey, L.L.B., Third National Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo..
Frank C. Hemsing, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, Milwaukee,
Wis.
Cari £. Herfurth, Montana Life Insiirance Company, Helena, Mont.
John E. Higdon, A.B., Kansas City, Mo.
I. Smith Romans, A. A. S., Commonwealth Life Insurance Company, LouisviUe,
Ky.
Francis M. Hope, A. I. A., F. F. A., Occidental Life Insurance Company, Los
Angeles, Cal.
Arthur J. C. Huenergard, B.A., F.A.S., Commonwealth Life Insurance Com-
pany, Omaha, Neb.
Charles Hughes, A. A. S., New York Insurance Department, New York City, N. Y.
Arthur Hunter, F. F. A., F. A. S.. New York Life Insurance Company, New
York, N. Y.
Robertson G. Hunter, F. A. S., A. I. A., Equitable Life Insurance Company, Des
Moines, Iowa.
Edward Wyilys Hyde, B. C. B., C. E., Columbia Life Insurance Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Walter I. King, A.B., F. A. S.. Connecticut General Life Insurance Company,
Hartford, Conn.
John Melvin Laird, B.A., F.A.S., A.I.A., Connecticut General Life Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn.
William Macfarlane, F. F. A., F. A. S., New York Life Insurance Company,
New York, N. Y.
Alexander T. Maclean, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Spring-
field, Mass.
James Mcintosh, F. F. A., Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company, St.
Paul, Minn.
Malcolm McNeiU. Ph.D., Lake Forest College, Lake Forest. lU.
Erston L. Marshall, A. B., J. D., 323 Craft Building, Des Moines, la.
Franklin B. Mead, A.B., F. A. S., Lincoln National Life Insurance Company,
Fort Wayne, Ind.
Henry Moir, F. F. A., F. I. A., F. A. S., Home Life Insurance Company, New
York, N. Y.
Paul Vaughan Montgomery, B.A.. Fort Worth Life Insurance Company, Fort
Worth. Tex.
Edward B. Morris, Ph.B., F.A.S., The Travelers Insurance Company, Hart-
ford, Conn.
William O. Morris, A. A. S., North American Life Insurance Company, Chicago.
lU.
William E. Napier, Scranton Life Insurance Company, Scrantun, Pa.
Joseph Howard Nitchie, A.B., F. A. S., Room 152/, 19 So. La SalJe St., Chicago,
UL
Bernard Robert Nueske, Old Colony Life Insurance Company. Chicago, 111.
Robert Kelly Orr, Lansing, Mich.
Percy Charles Herbert Papps. A. 1. A., F. A. S., The Mutual Benefit Life Insurance
Company, Newark. N. J.
John G. Parker, Imperial Life Assurance Company, Toronto, Canada.
George B. Pattison, A. A. S.. Peoria Life Insurance Company. Peoria, III.
Oliver W. Perrin, B.A., M.A., F. A. S., Penn. Mutual Life Insurance Company,
Philadelphia. Pa.
S. L. Phelps, B. S., Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, Ind.
Thomas A. Phillip|S, A.B., A.A.S., A.I.A.. Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance
Company. St. Paul. Minn.
Sidney Herbert Pipe, F. A. S.. A. I. A.. Temple Building, Toronto, Canada.
Joseph B. Reynolds. Kansas City Life Insurance Company, Kansas City, Mo.
Ed\ii-ard £. Rhodes. F.A.S., Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, Newark,
N. J.
Henr>' Lewis Rietz. B.Sc., Ph.D., F.A.A.S.. F. R. S. S. (Mem. A. M. S.), Uni-
vesvity of Iowa, Iowa City. Iowa.
J. Charles Rietz, A.B., Midland Mutual Life Insurance Company. Columbus. Ohio.
John Francis Roche, F. A. S., Manhattan Life Insurance Company, New York
City.
234
Cyclopedia of Insurance
George Roslington, F. C. A., A. I. S., Ocddental Life Insurance Company.
Albuquerque. N. M.
George W. Sanders. A.B., F. A. S.. Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company,
Detroit. Mich.
Jacob Charles Seitz, A.B., Security Life Insurance Company of America. Chicago.
All*
Andrew Siglenhorst, Texas Life Insurance Company. Waco, Texas.
A. A. Speers, B.A.. F.A.S., North American Life Insurance Company. Omaha,
Neb.
Calvert F. Stein. Maryland Assurance Corporation. Baltimore, Md.
Bert J. Stookey. Illinois Life Insurance Company. Chicago. III.
Gordon VVm. Thomson. F. F". A.. A. I. A., A. A. S., West Coast Life Insurance
Company. San Francisco, Cal.
Carleton M. Vail, A.B., no So. Dearborn St., Chicago. 111.
James H. Washburn, A.A.S., 165 Broadway. New York City. N. Y.
William A. Watt, M.A., F. A. S., Southern Life and Trust Company, Greensboro.
N. C.
Robert Montague Webb. Kansas City Life Insurance Company. Kansas City,
Mo.
A. A. Welch, Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.
Romeo M. Wilbur. 549 Railway Exchange Building. Chicago. 111.
Frederick A. Williams. A.I.A., F.S.S., F.A.S., Apartado 1420, Mexico City,
Republic of Mexico.
Frederic Scherer Withington, consulting actuary, 402-404 Kraft Building.
Des Moines, Iowa.
J. H. Woodward, Guardian Life Insurance Company, New York City, N. Y.
Paul Livingston Woolston. B.S., 1636 E. Eighth Ave.. Denver. Colo.
AMERICAN EXPERIENCE TABLE OF MORTALITY
Ate
10
II
13
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Num-
ber
Livinn
100,000
99.251
98.505
97.762
97.022
96.28s
95.550
94.818
94.089
93..?62
92,037
91.914
91.192
90.471
89.751
89.032
88.314
87.596
86.878
86.160
85.441
84.721
84.000
83.277
82.551
81.822
8 1 ,090
80.353
70.011
Num-
Expec-
ber
tation
Age
Dying
of Life
39
749
48.72
746
48.08
40
743
47.45
41
740
46.80
42
737
46.16
43
735
45.50
44
732
44.85
45
729
44.19
46
727
43.53
47
72s
42-87
48
723
42.20
49
722
41.53
50
721
40.85
51
720
40.17
52
719
39.40
53
718
38.81
54
718
38.12
55
718
37.43
50
718
36.73
57
719
30.03
58
720
35-33
59
721
34.63
60
723
33.92
61
726
33.21
62
729
32.50
63
732
31.78
64
737
31.07
65
742
30.35
66
740
20. O2
67
Num-
ber
Living
78,862
78,106
77.341
76.567
75.782
74.985
74.173
73.345
72.497
71.627
70.731
69,804
08,842
07,841
66,797
65.706
64.563
63.364
62.104
60,779
59.385
57.917
50.371
54.743
53.030
51.230
49.341
47.361
45.201
Num-
ber
Dying
756
76s
774
78s
797
812
828
848
870
896
927
962
1,001
1.044
1,091
1. 143
1. 199
1,200
1.325
1,394
1,468
1.546
1.628
1. 713
1,800
1.889
1.980
2.070
2.i«;8
Expec-
tation
of Life
28.90
28.18
27.45
26.72
26.00
25.27
24.54
23.81
23.08
22.36
21.63
20.91
20.20
19.49
18.79
18.09
17.40
10.72
16.05
15.39
14-74
14.10
13.47
12.86
12.26
11.67
II. 10
10.54
10.00
Age
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
Num-
ber
Liung
43.133
40.890
38,569
36.178
33.730
31.243
28,738
26,237
23.761
21,330
18.961
16,670
14.474
12,383
10.419
8,603
6,955
5.485
4.193
3.079
2.146
1.402
847
462
216
79
21
3
Num- Exptc-
ber ' tation
Dyin^ ofLUt
2,243
2.321
2.391
2.44S
2.487
2.505
2.SOI
2,476
2,431
2.369
2.291
2.196
2.001
1.964
1.816
1.648
1.470
1.292
1,114
933
744
555
38S
246
137
58
iS
3
9.47
8.97
8.48
8.00
7-55
7. II
6.68
6.27
S-8S
5.4P
5.11
4-74
4-39
4-05
3 71
3'3(J
3-oS
2-77
2^7
2.18
I.91
1.6^)
1.42
1. 10
.OvS
.So
.64
.50
\
Life and Casualty Section 235
AMERICAN HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Topeka,
Kansas. Organized 1909. Fred S. Jackson, president; W. F. Burson
and A. L. Burney, vice-presidents; E. P. Mitzger, secretary; J. N.
DolJery, treasurer; Dr. A. H. Marshall, medical director.
AMERICAN LIABILITY COMPANY, Cincinnati, Ohio. Or-
ganized 1 910; succeeding the American Liability Company, Indian-
apolis, Ind., Capital, $200,000. J. A. Johnston, president; W. R.
Sanders, vice-president and general manager; G. W. Burnett, P. F.
Jamieson, vice-presidents; Daniel J. Lyons, treasurer; Cameron H.
oanders, secretary. The company transacts automobile insurance,
public liability, property damage, collision, fire, transportation and
theft, and accident and health insurance.
AMERICAN LIFE CONVENTION was organized in 1905 by
the officers of life insurance companies of the western and southern
states. The first annual meeting was held at Lookout Mountain,
Tenn., September 29 and 30, 1906, and officers were elected as fol-
lows: President, Charles E. Dark, American Central Life of Indian-
apolis; secretary, T. W. Blackburn, Omaha.
The second annual meeting was held in Indianapolis, September
5, 6 and 7, 1907, and B. H. Robison, Bankers Reserve Life, Omaha, was
elected president.
The third annual meeting was held at Denver, Col., August 19,
20 and 21, 1908. Samuel B. Smith, Volunteer State Life, Chattanooga,
Tenn., was elected president.
The fourth annual meeting was held at Cincinnati, Ohio, October
7 and 8, 1909. Isaac Miller Hamilton, Federal Life, Chicago, was
elected president.
The fifth annual meeting was held at Des Moines, la., September
15, 16 and 17, 1910. Thomas W. Vardell, Southwestern Life, Dallas,
Texas, was elected president.
The sixth annual meetin|[ was held in Pittsburgh, Pa., September
20f 21 and 22, 191 1. P. D. Gold, Jr., Jefferson Standard Life, Raleigh,
N. C, was elected president.
The seventh annual meeting was held in Chicago, 111., September
4, 5 and 6, 19 12. W. A. Lindley, Security Mutual Life, Lincoln, Neb.,
was elected president.
The eighth annual meeting was held in St. Paul, Minn., August 20,
21 and 22, 1913. Henry Abels, Franklin Life, Springfield, III., was
elected president.
The ninth annual meeting was held in Dallas, Texas, October 7,
8, 9 and 10, 19 14. E. W. Randall, Minnesota Mutual Life, Minneap-
olis, Minn., was elected president.
The tenth annual meeting was held in Monterey, Cal., September
30 and October i and 2, 191 5. G. A. Grimsley, Jefferson Standard
Life, Greensboro, N. C, was elected president.
236 Cyclopedia of insurance
The eleventh annual meeting was held in St. Louis, Mo., Septem-
ber 14, 15 and 16, 1916. Charles F. Coffin, State Life, Indianapolis,
Ind., was elected president.
The twelfth annual meeting was held at Grand Rapids, Mich.,
August «, 9 and lo, 191 7. Henry L. Seay, Southland Life, Dallas,
Texas, was elected president.
The thirteenth annual meeting was held in Chicago, 111., Sep-
tember 18, 19 and 20, 1918. E. G. Simmons, Pan-American Life, New
Orleans, La., was elected president.
The fourteenth annual meeting was held in Omaha, Neb., Sep-
tember 24, 25 and 26, 19 19. H. VV. Johnson, Central Life of Illinois,
Ottawa, 111., was elected president.
The fifteenth annual meeting was held in Kansas City, Mo.,
September 22, 23 and 24, 1920. Charles G. Taylor, Jr., Atlantic Life,
Richmond, Va., was elected president.
The sixteenth annual meeting was held in Indianapolis, Ind.
October 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, 1921. President Taylor presided and in his
address reviewed the growth of the organization, and discussed briefly
its guiding principles and its work. Secretary Blackburn in his report
reviewed the affairs of the association briefly, and gave a review of
state legislation during the year.
Officers elected were as follows: President, H. R. Cunningham,
Montana Life, Helena, Mont.; Secretary, Treasurer and Counsel,
T. W. Blackburn, Omaha, Neb. Executive Committee, Charles G.
Taylor, Jr., Atlantic Life, Richmond, Va.; H. W. Johnson, Central
Life, Ottawa, 111.; E. G. Simmons. Pan-American Life, New Orleans,
La.; Guilford A. Deitch, Reserve Loan Life, Indianapolis, Ind.; L. J.
Dougherty, Guaranty Life, Davenport, la., and George Graham,
Central States Life, St. Louis, Mo.
State vice-presidents were elected as follows: Alabama, William
D. Jelks, Protective Life; Arkansas, A. B. Banks, Home Life and
Accident; California, F. V. Keesling, West Coast-San Francisco Life;
Colorado, C. J. Daly, Capitol Life; Connecticut, William Bro Smith,
Travelers; Georgia, Wilmer L. Moore, Southern States Life; Idaho,
Edwin S. Chadwick, Idaho State Life; Illinois, Emmet C. May, Peoria
Life; Indiana, Herbert M. Woolen, American Central Life; Iowa,
C. T. Prime, National Fidelity Life; Kansas, W. H. Eastman, Kansas
Life; Kentucky, VV. W. Moore, Inter-Southern Life; Louisiana, Craw-
ford H. Ellis, Pan American Life; Maryland, Calvert F. Stein, Mary-
land Assurance; Massachusetts, A. E. Childs, Columbian National;
Michigan, J. J. Mooney, Michigan Mutual Life; Minnesota, John T.
Baxter, Northwestern National Life; Mississippi, C. W. Welty, Lamar
Life; Missouri, Massey Wilson, International Life; Montana, C. E.
Hurfurth, Montana Life; Nebraska, W. W. Young, North American
Life; New Hampshire, S. W. Jameson, United Life and Accident; New
Mexico, George Roslington, Occidental Life; North Carolina, Charles
W. Gold, Jefferson Standard Life; North Dakota, F. L. Conkling, Pro-
vident Life; Ohio, H. B. Arnold, Midland Mutual Life; Oklahoma, S.
De Zell Hawley, Atlas Life; Oregon, C. S. Samuel, Oregon Life; Penn-
Life and Casualty Section
237
sylvania, H. G. Scott, Reliance Life; South Carolina, T. Oregon
Lawton, Jr., Southeastern Life; South Dakota, F. L. Bramble, Dakota
Life; Tennessee, E. Leon Porter, Volunteer State Life; Texas, A. R.
Wilson, Amicable Life; Utah, T. O. Carter, Inter-Mountain Life;
Washington, J. J. Cadiean, New World Life; West Virginia, Harrison
B. Smith, George Washington Life, Wisconsin, John Sullivan, Great
Northern Life.
The Convention has organized medical and legal sections which
hold meetings independently and have their own officers.
At the annual meeting of the Legal Section held in Kansas City,
Mo., September 20 and 21, 192 1, officers were elected as follows:
Chairman, C. B. Welliver, Ainerican Central, Indianapolis, Ind.;
Secretary, Robert Stone, Kansas Life, Topeka, Kansas.
The following is the Company membership roll, June i, 1922:
American Bankers, Chicago, 111.
American Central, Indianapolia. Ind.
American Life Reinsurance.
American National, St. Louis. Mo.
American National, Galveston. Texas
Atlantic Life, Richmond. V'a.
Atlaa, Tulsa. Olcla.
Bankers, Lincoln, Neb.
Bankers, Des Moines, la.
Bankers Reserve, Omaha, Neb.
Bank Savings Life, Topeka. Kan.
California State Life. Sacremento, Cal.
Capitol Life. Denver, Colo.
Cedar Rapids Life, Cedar Rapids, la
Central Life. Fort Scott. Kan.
Central, Des Moines, la.
Central. Ottawa. 111.
Central States, St. Louis. Mo.
Cleveland Life, Cleveland, Ohio.
Columbia Life, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Columbian National, Boston. Mass.
Columbus Mutual, Columbus, Ohio.
Commonwealth, Louisville. Ky.
Commonwealth, Omaha, Neb.
Conaervative Life, Wheeling. W. Va.
Continental. Chicago. 111.
Continental Life, Kansas City, Mo.
Dakota Life, Watertown, So. Dak.
Des Moines Life & Annuity. la.
Farmers and Bankers, Wichita, Kan.
Farmers National, Chicago.
Federal Life, Chicago, III.
First National, Pierre, S. D.
Fort Worth, Fort Worth. Texas.
Franklin. Simngfield. 111.
George Washington. Charleston. W. Va.
Girard Life, Philadelphia. Pa.
Great Northern, Wausau, Wis.
Great Republic, Los Angeles. Cal.
Great Southern, Dallas. Texas.
Guaranty. Davenport, la.
Gulf Coast, Gulf Pond, Miss.
Home Life. Philadelphia. Pa.
Home Life and Accident. Fordyce, Ark.
Idaho State. Boise City. Idaho.
Illinois Life. Chicago, III.
Indiana National. Indianapolis, Ind.
Indianapolis Life, Indianapolis, Ind.
International, St. Louis, Mo.
Inter-Southern, Louisville, Ky.
Iowa Life, Des Moines, la.
Jeflferson Standard, Greensboro, N. C.
Kansas City, Kansas City. Mo.
Kansas Life. Topeka, Kan.
Lafayette Life, Lafayette. Ind.
Lamar Life, Jackson, Miss.
Lincoln National, Fort Wayne. Ind.
Louisiana State, Shreveport, La.
Maryland Assurance. Baltimore
Merchants Life, Des Moines. la.
Michigan Mutual, Detroit. Mich.
Mid-Continent, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Midland Ins Co., St. Paul, Minn.
Midland, Kansas City, Mo.
Midland Mutual. Columbus, Ohio.
Miimesota Mutual. St. Paul, Minn.
Missouri State. St. Louis, Mo.
Montana, Helena, Mont.
Mutual Life, Springfield, III.
Mutual Trust, Chicago. III.
National American, Burlington, la.
National Fidelity. Sioux City. la.
National Life & Accident, Nashville.
Tenn.
National. U. S. of A., Chicago, 111.
New World Life, Spokane, Wash.
North American, Chicago, III.
North American, Omaha, Neb.
Northern, Seattle. Wash.
Northwestern National, Minneapolis,
Minn.
Occidental, .Albuquerque. N. M.
Occidental, Los Angeles. Cal.
Ohio National. Cincinnati, O.
Ohio State, Columbus, O.
Old Colony. Chicago, III.
Old Line, Milwaukee, Wis.
Omaha Life, Omaha, Neb.
Oregon Life. Portland, Ore.
Pan American Life. New Orleans. La.
People's Life, Chicago. III.
People's Life, Frankfort, Ind.
Peoria Life, Peoria. III.
Phoenix Mutual, Hartford, Conn.
238 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Philadelphia Life. Philadelphia. Pa. Southern Union. Waco. Texas.
Prairie Life. Omaha. Neb. Southland Life. Dallas. Texas.
Protective Life. Birmingham, Ala. Southwestern Life, Dallas, Texas.
Provident Life. Bismarck. N. D. Standard. Decatur. 111.
Provident Life & Accident, Chattanooga, Standard. Pittsburgh, Pa.
Tenn. State Life. Indianapolis. Ind.
Public Savings, Indianapolis. St. Louis Mutual. St. Louis. Mo.
Register Life. Davenport. la. Texas Life. Waco. Texas.
Reinsurance Life, Des Moines, la. Travelers, Hartford, Conn.
Reliance Life. Pittsburgh. Pa. Two Republics Life, El Paso. Texas.
Reserve Loan Life. Indianapolis, Ind. United Life & Accident. Concord, N. H.
Rockford Life, Rockford. III. Volunteer State Life. Chattanooga, Tenn.
Royal Union Mutual. Des Moines, la. West Coast, San Francisco. Cal.
San Jacinto, Beaumont, Texas. Western Life, Des Moines, la.
Security Life. Chicago, 111. Western Reserve Life. Muncie, Ind.
Security Mutual, Lincoln. Neb. Western States. San Francisco. Cal.
Shenandoah Life. Roanoke, Va. Western Union Life. Spokane. Wash.
Southeastern Life. Greenville, S. C. Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Southern Life & Trust, Greensboro, N. C. Wisconsin National. Oshkosh. Wis.
Southern States. Atlanta. Ga.
AMERICAN LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Jackson, Tenn. Organized 192 1. Thomas I. Taylor, presi-
dent, W. N. Mynalt, vice-president and general manager; J. E. Mercer,
secretary; Oliver Benton, treasurer.
AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Detroit. Mich.
Organized 1907; capital, $100,000. Clarence L. Ayres, president:
Henry S. Hull, vice-president; H. P. Trosper, vice-president; Roy W.
Anger, vice-president; Fred H. Aldrich, general counsel; M. O. Row-
land, secretary; Walter E. Ekberg, Thos. M. Heuss, M. E. Latta.
assistant secretaries; Lucy E. Daly, cashier; Wm. H. Browne, medical
director. Formerly Northern Assurance Company of Michigan, with
which the American Life of Des Moines was merged in 1921.
AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Denver, Co^-
(formerly the German- American Life Insurance Company). Organ-
ized 191 1 ; cash capital, $100,000.00. J. C. Burger, president; C. E-
Youker, vice-president; Robert Brown, secretary, treasurer, and
general manager; S. D. Emily, assistant secretary; Dr. F. N. Co-
chems, medical director.
AMERICAN LIFE REINSURANCE COMPANY. Dallas.
Texas. Organized 1919. A. C. Bigger, president; Hugh E. Pratter.
vice-president; Fred D. Strudell, secretary; Morton Bigger, assistant
secretary.
AMERICAN LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha.
Neb. Organized 19 18. Capital, $208,000. The company retired
in 1921.
AMERICAN MUTUAL LIABILITY INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Boston, Mass. Organized 1887. Charles E. Hodges, president;
Charles E. Hodges, Jr., vice-president; Benjamin Brooks, C. E. Petti-
bone, James F. Kane, Victor A. Trundy, vice-presidents; Henry C.
Life and Casualty Section 239
Kneppenberg, Jr., secretary; Frank R. MuUaney, assistant secretary
and actuary; William H. Conway, treasurer; Ralph T. Hull, assistant
treasurer.
AMERICAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lake
Charles, La. Organized 19 14. W. H. Stark, president; C. P. Mar-
tin, active vice-president; W. B. Conover and H. H. Gordon, vice-
presidents; H. G. Eddy, secretary; S. A. Knapp, treasurer; Dr. T. H.
Watkins, medical director; H. M. Watkins, office manager.
AMERICAN NATIONAL ASSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized 191 2; capital, $200,000. Harry M. Still,
president; A. H. Hildreth, D. L. Tasker, vice-presidents; Earle E.
Salisbury, secretary; Chas. E. Salisbury, treasurer; W. F. Smith,
agency manager.
AMERICAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Galves-
ton, Texas. Organized 1905; capital, $250,000. W. L. Moody, Jr.,
president; Shearn Moody, vice-president; W. J. Shaw, secretary;
N. V. Morgan, assistant secretary; M. D. Johnson, assistant secretary;
M. Grosshenney, treasurer; Newton E. Gortan, actuary; Dr. Edward
Randall, medical director; Dr. W. J. C. Weimers, assistant medical
director.
AMERICAN RE-INSURANCE COMPANY, Widener Bldg..
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 191 7; capital $750,000. Harry Boulton,
president; H. B. Swoope and C. M. Hansen, vice-presidents; W. I.
Athey, secretary; O. H. Irwin, treasurer. Writes re-insurance of
catastrophe, excess, workmen's compensation and general casualty
lines.
AMERICAN SURETY COMPANY OF NEW YORK. Organ-
ized April 14, 1884. Capital, $5,000,000. Transacts fidelity, surety and
burglary and check forgery and alteration insurance business.
F. W. Lafrentz, president; R. R. Brown, first vice-president;
Charles W. Goetchius, secretary-treasurer; A. F. Lafrentz, comp-
troller; Henry C. Willcox, general solicitor; Geo. L. Naught, assistant
general solicitor.
AMICABLE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Waco, Texas.
Organized 1910; capital, $820,000. A. R. Wilson, president and actuary;
J. P. Massey, secretary.
ANNUITIES. Sums payable annually either for life or a term
of years. Annuity contracts are a means of providing for old age,
and under whidh a company for a definite stated sum agrees to pay the
annuitant, or holder of^ the contract, a stated yearly sum during the
annuitant's life, or for a stipulated number of years. In the latter
case it would be known as a temporary annuity, as distinguished from
the former, or life annuity. Some forms of annuity contracts, known
as two-life annuities, are based on the lives of two persons and are
240
Cyclopedia of Insurance
payable as long as either survives, and a deferred annuity is also writ-
ten under which the '* consideration for the annuity or purchase price
may be deposited in one sum, or paid in annual premiums; the annuity
being payable only after a lapse of years. Usually the first pay-
ment under a life annuity begins at the end of the first year, but in some
contracts payment of the annuity is made at the beginning of the
year, or immediately on the purchase of the annuity. A number of
American life insurance companies Rrant annuities and the extent of
their business is shown by the following comparative statement of
payments made during the past five years.
Amount Amount Amount Amoant Amount
X917 19x8 Z919 1920 X9ai
iEtna $118,819 $190,262 $3x3,857 $393,986 $353,363
Connecticut Genenl X7.900 31,889 66,534 78.515 75.89S
Connecticut Mutual 36.199 43,9X3 66,395 73,733 75.454
Columbian National 5.873 6,587 7.395 7,400 7.617
Equitable x,357.i09 x,46o.oo6 x,539.403 1,7x3,463 x,79i.633
Fidelity 30,763 17.037 33,074 34,668 3x^335
Guardian 38,633 37.689 39,88x 30,306 xi,34s
Home 49.935 50.438 50,x83 48,037 46.904
John Hancock 393 197 941
Massachusetts 15.499 33^23
Metropolitan 400.630 403,793 443,793 473,701 47x,&8S
Mutual Benefit X38,oi7 130.015 133.767 X35,769 131.754
Mutual. New York 3,607.830 3.576.9x2 3,623.167 3,644,773 3.598,724
National, Vermont 637.209 690.392 656,737 687,068 694.971
New England 1,276 2,315 2.692 5.634 7.235
New York x,387,240 1.394. 701 x.477.700 x,400,300 1.337,945
Northwestern 245,246 255.667 254,8ix 250,093 347,204
Pacific Mutual X7.252 26.352 29,678 29,026 46,628
Pezm Mutual 516.803 533,340 516,783 608,336 499,184
Phcenbc Mutual 59.937 xox.377 133,507 X94,870 3oo,xo6
Provident Life & Trust X43.003 150.871 155.353 154.302 150,568
Prudential 335.496 362.422 372,433 384,858 396.402
State Mutual 45.769 44.477 44.736 46.847 46.181
Travelers X95.436 337,441 370,X74 330,X33 370,415
Union Central 37,674 30.436 32,250 34.844 36,627
United States ' X1.92X x 1.847 x 1.852
Total $8,304,938 $8,679,841 $9,069,941 $9,559,136 $9,653.2x4
ANTI-REBATE LAWS. Following is a list of the states which
have laws prohibiting the giving of rebate of premium to the insured
by life and other insurance companies or their agents.
The first anti-rebate law applying specifically to the business of
life insurance was enacted by Massachusetts in 1887. The previous
year, it is true, Louisiana passed a law prohibiting the allowance of
rebates in insurance, but no class of insurance was named in the act;
it was supposed to refer to fire insurance, and it was not until later
that an opinion was given by the attorney-general of the state that its
provisions were applicable to the practice of life insurance.
The anti-rebate laws of a number of the states, while at first apply-
ing only to life insurance, have been amended to include fire insurance
as well as other forms of insurance in their prohibitions, and in some
states the laws prohibit the sale of stock in connection with insurance,
or as an inducement to insurance, and also prohibit twistine. The
Indiana law defines the term "rebate" to mean "anything of value.
Life and Casualty Section 241
or the making of an agreement, expressed or implied, that will directly
or indirectly diminish any premium below the amount specified in
the policy," excepting payment of dividends under participating
policies.
The Nebraska law also defines the word in the same terms prac-
tically, but also excepts '* bonuses paid or allowed directly by any
company upon non-|>artici|>ating policies which have been in force
at least five years.
Anti-rebate laws are in force in the following states: Alabama, Ari-
zona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mas-
sachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York,
North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsyl-
vania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,
Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin,
Wyoming.
The laws of the following states prohibit the sale of stock " in
connection with or as an inducement to insurance: " Alabama, Ari-
zona, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,
New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North
Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Caro-
lina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wash in ton, West Vir-
ginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming. In Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland,
and Virginia the insurance departments have ruled that stock selling
would be illegal under the anti-rebate law, and in Delaware it has been
held to be illegal unless offered to all insurants of the same class alike.
Georgia has ruled that such sale of stock would be contrary to public
policy, and the attorney-general of New Jersey has held that option
to purchase stock must t^ contained in the policy.
The laws of Indiana, Idaho, Maine, Nebraska, New Mexico, New
York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Minnesota and West Vir-
ginia prohibit the insured from " knowingly receiving or accepting
a rebate." The Wisconsin law provides that *' Notwithstanding any
violation of this section the policy shall be valid, but the insured, hav-
ing knowingly arid wilfully violated any provisions of this section,
shall be entitled to recover from the company only such portion of
the amount otherwise payable ... as the amount of the premium or
premiums which have become payable, according to the terms of the
policy, deducting any rebate and the value of any special favor or ad-
vantage or consideration or inducement . . . bears to the amount of
such premium or premiums." The Minnesota department has ruled
that the acceptance of goods in lieu of cash in payment of premium is
a violation ol the law.
The laws of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Louisi-
ana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Caro-
lina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
242 Cyclopedia of Insurance
South Carolina, South Dakota » Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington,
Wisconsin, and Wyoming, prohibit the making of advisory board
contracts, under which, as a rule, a certain number of policyholders
were granted special advantages or considerations. Such contracts
are also prohibited, under rulings of the insurance department, in
Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts,
Mississippi, and Virginia. The North Carolina supreme court held
in 1909 that such contracts were illegal under the law forbidding dis-
crimination and rebates. Under the West Virginia law persons are
forbidden to receive or accept any *' favor or advantage.
[For full text of laws enacted prior to 19 14, see Cyclopedia for 1913-
14, and for legislation in 1915 see Cyclopedia for 1915.] The legis-
lature of California in 19 15 enacted an anti-rebate law, but the meas-
ure was vetoed by the governor. The law was re-enacted by the
legislature in 191 7, and oecame a law. Connecticut passed a law in
191 7 applying to ^re insurance agents.
ARIZONA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1887-1922. By
an act passed in 1887 the territorial treasurer of Arizona was charged
with the supervision of insurance, but in 1901 an act was passed trans-
ferring the authority to the territorial secretary. (For names of officials,
see Cyclopedia for 1911-13 and 1913-14.] Under an act passed in
19 1 2, supervision of insurance was transferred to a State Corpora-
tion commission. Forest A. Betts is superintendent of insurance
under the commission.
ARKANSAS. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1873-1922.
By the insurance law of 1873 the auditor of the state, who was elected
by the people for two years, is made insurance commissioner ex-officio.
The legislature in 19 17 created a separate insurance department, and
the duties of the auditor of state in respect to insurance were trans-
ferred to the new department. Bruce T. Bullion was appointed
commissioner under the law« W. B. Hollingsworth is deputy com-
missioner.
ASSETS. In insurance the entire property of the company. In
making annual statements, ledger assets are distinguished from non-
ledger assets, the two making up the item, gross assets. In life insur-
ance agents' debit balances, overdue and accrued interest on bonds
in default, and the book value of bonds and stocks over market value
are deducted from gross assets, and the item in the annual statement,
" admitted assets," thus shown.
ASSOCIATI9N OF LIFE AGENCY OFFICERS. The asso-
ciation was organized by agency managers of life insurance companies
at a meeting held in Chicago, III., in October, 19 16. The objects of
the association as stated in its by-laws are: "The consideration
and interchange of opinion upon matters pertaining to the betterment
of the selling department of life insurance, through the improvement
in the quality of men who enter the business, through the elimination
of those who bring discredit to it, and through a study of methods of
Life and Casualty Section 243
selection and training of life insurance salesmen.'' The membership is
composed of agency officers of legal reserve life insurance companies
in the United States and Canada. The affairs of the organization are
in control of an executive committee, which appoints the officers.
The executive committee elected at the meeting in 1916 was as follows:
Winslow Russell, Phoenix Mutual Life; George B.Stadden, Franklin,
Life; William E. Taylor, Equitable Life of New York; H. E. Aldrich,
Equitable Life of Iowa; Glover S. Hastings, New England Mutual;
George H. Hunt, Imperial Life of Canada; J. B. Reynolds, Kansas
City Life.
The fifth annual meeting was held in Chicago, 111., November 10,
and II, 1 92 1. Reports from officers and committees were presented
and the following subjects were dealt with in papers and discussions:
"The Place for Research in the Sales Branch of American Business;"
"Institutional Plans for Instructing in Life Insurance Salesmanship,"
"Company Plans for the Education of the Soliciting Agent;" "The
Selection and Appointment of Life Insurance ^ents."
The following are the present officers and executive committee:
W. E. Taylor, chairman. New York City; E. D. Field, vice-chairman,
Montpelier, Vt.; A. Gordon Ramsay, Toronto, Can.; Dr. E. G. Sim-
mons, New Orleans, La.; T. L. Hansen, New York City; C. G. Taylor,
Jr., Richmond, Va.; H. B. Gunter, Greensboro, N. C; L. Seton
Lindsay, New York City; James W. Simpson, Montreal, Can.; Albert
G. Borden, secretary-treasurer. Room 902, 120 Broadway, New York
City.
ASSOCIATION OF LIFE INSURANCE COUNSEL. The
aflBodation, composed of the counsel of life insurance companies, was
organized in New York City, December, 1913. Officers were elected as
foUows: President, William Bro Smith, The Travelers; vice-presi-
dent, Fred A.^ Howland, National Life of Vermont; secretary and
treasurer, William J. Tully. The present officers, elected at the an-
nual meeting in May, 1922, are: President, John L. Wakefield; vice-
president, Frederick L. Allen, John Hancock Mutual; secretary and
treasurer, William J. Tully, Metropolitan Life, New York, N. Y.;
Zaidee H. Stone, assistant secretary; executive committee; Edward D.
Duffield, chairman, George Lines, Chandler Bullock, Alfred Hurrell,
Prudential; James H. Mcintosh, New York Life, and officers ex officio.
Office I Madison Avenue, New York.
ASSOCIATION OF LIFE INSURANCE MEDICAL DI-
RECTORS OF AMERICA was organized December 6, 1889, in New
York, by the medical directors of leading life insurance companies.
The present officers elected in October, 192 1, are: President, Dr.
Thomas F. McMahon; vice-president. Dr. Frank L. Grosvenor; second
vice-president, Dr. William R. Ward; secretary. Dr. Angier B. Hobbs;
treasurer, Dr. Charles L. Christiemin; Editor of the Proceedings, Dr.
Robert M. Daley. Members of the executive council, all former
presidents, the present officers, and Dr. G. A. Van Wagenen, Dr. Edwin
W. E> wight and Dr. J. Allen Patton.
244 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ASSOCIATION OF LIFE INSURANCE PRESIDENTS,
THE, was organized at a meeting in New York in January, 1907.
The objects of the association as stated in the constitution are: To
promote the welfare of policyholders; to advance the interests of
life insurance; to prevent extravagance and reduce expenses by an
interchange of views on practice among life insurance companies in
matters of general administration; to consider carefully important
measures that may be introduced from time to time in legislative
bodies, with a view to ascertaining and publicly presenting the grounds
which may exist for their adoption or rejection by the legislature; to
consider anything that may be suitably a matter of general concern
to the life insurance business. Ex-President Grover Cleveland was
the first chairman, and Robert Lynn Cox, sepvtary,^ and the executive
committee was as follows: Paul Morton, Eauitable Life; S. C, Dunham,
Travelers; Thomas A. Buckner, New York Life; George £. Ide,
Home Life; L. G. Fouse, Fidelitv Mutual; Haley Fiske, Metropolitan;
Charles A. Peabody, Mutual Life, and the chairman of the association.
The present officers are: George T. Wight, secretary and manager;
Job E. Hedges, general counsel; Frederic G. Dunham, attorney; Orlow
H. Boies, statistician; Mott A. Brooks, assistant secretary; executive
committee, George T. Wight, chairman; John D. Sage, Union Central
Life, Cincinnati; Forest F. Dryden, The Prudential, Newark; Haley
Fiske, Metropolitan Life, New York; Alfred D. Foster, New England
Mutual, Boston; Frederick Frelinghuysen, Mutual Benefit; W. A.
Day, Equitable Life, New York; Charles A. Peabody, Mutual Life,
New York; George I. Cochran, Pacific Mutual, Los Angeles; Louis F.
Butler, The Travelers, Hartford Conn.; Fred A. Howland, National
Life, Vermont ; Darwin P. Kingsley , New York Life.
Companies represented in the Association:
Aetna Life, Hartford, Conn. Mutual Benefit Life, Newark, N. J.
American Central Life, Indianapolis, Ind. Mutual Life, Waterloo, Ont., Canada
Bankers of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Mutual Life, New York, N. Y.
Bankers Life, Des Moines, Iowa National Life & Accident, Nashville, Tenn.
Berkshire Life, Pittsfield, Mass. National Life, Montpelier, Vt.
Canada Life, Toronto, Ont., Canada National Life U. S. of America, Chicago, 111.
Colonial of America, Jersey City, N. J. New England Mutual, Boston. Mass.
Columbian National, Boston, Mass. New York Life, New York, N. Y.
Confederation Life, Toronto, Ont., Canada North Amer. Life, Toronto, Ont., Canada
Connecticut General, Hartford, Conn. Northern Life of Can., London, Ont., Can.
Connecticut Mutual, Hartford, Conn. Northwestern Nat. Minneapolis, Minn.
Equitable Life, New York. N. Y. Pacific Mutual Life. Los Angeles, Cal.
Equitable Life of Iowa, Des Moines, la. Penn. Mutual Life, Philadelphia, Pa.
Franklin Life, Springfield, 111. Phoenix Mutual, Hartford, Conn.
Guardian Life, New York, N. Y. Provident Life & Trust. PhUadelphia, Pa.
Home Life, New York, N. Y. Prudential of America. Newark. N. J.
Illinois Life, Chicago, 111. Reserve Loan Life, Indianapolis, Ind.
Imperial Life of Can., Toronto, Ont., Can. Royal Union Mutual, Des Moines. la.
John Hancock Mutual, Boston, Mass. Security Mutual. Binghamton. N. Y.
Life Ins. Co. of Virginia. Richmond. Va. State Mutual Life. Worcester. Mass.
Lincoln National Life, Fort Wayne. Ind. Sun Life of Canada, Montreal, Que.. Can.
London Life, London. Ont. Travelers, Hartford, Conn.
Manhattan Life, New York, N. Y. Union Central Life, Cincinnati, O.
Manufacturers Life, Toronto, Ont., Can. United States Life, New York, N. Y.
Mass. Mutual Life, Springfield, Mass. Volunteer State Life, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Metropolitan Life, New York. N. Y. Western and Southern Life. Cincinnati, O.
Michigan Mutual Life, Detroit, Mich.
Life and Casualty Section 245
The fifteenth annual meeting was held in New York, N. Y., De-
cember 8 and 9, 1921. The meeting was called to order by Job E.
Hedges, counsel of the Association. Mr. Herbert C. Cox, president
and general manager, Canada Life Assurance Company, Toronto, Ont.,
was chairman of the meeting. "Life Insurance a World Safety Zone"
was the general theme of the meeting, and was the subject of the chair-
man's opening address. Other papers were read as follows: "Sound
Thinking by the People and for the people," Hon. John W. Weeks,
Secretary of War, Washington, D. C; "New Life Insurance Business
of 192 1 ; What it Means, John M. Holcombe, Phoenix Mutual Life
Hartford, Conn.; "Can Trust Companies and Life Companies be
Neighbors without Quarreling?" Alfred R. Horr, Equitable Life
Assurance Society, New York; "Nationalism, Internationalism and
Supemationalism", Rev. Canon Cody, D. D., LL.D., Rector of St.
Paul's Church, Toronto; "Health the Guidepost to Material and Moral
National Stren^h," Livingston Farrand, M.D., LL.D., President,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; "National Health in the Life In-
surance Mirror," Robert Lynn Cox, Metropolitan Life, New York;
"Remarks by H. A. Cunningham, President, American Life Conven-
tion, Helena, Mont.; "A Government Experiment Versus Life Insur-
ance Principles", J. A. O. Preus, Governor of Minnesota, St. Paul,
Minn.; "A Decade of Life Insurance Investments", Asa S. Wing,
Provident Life & Trust, Philadelphia, Pa.; "Essentials and Non-Essen-
tials in Insurance Supervision," Thomas B. Donaldson, Pennsylvania
Insurance Commissioner, Harrisburg, Pa.; "Insuring Our Nation,"
Andrew F. West, LL.D., Dean, Graduate College of Princeton, Prince-
ton, N. J.; "Insurance and the Modern Political State," Walton L.
Crocker, John Hancock Mutual Life, Boston, Mass.; "Recent Fluctua-
tions in Policy Loans," Henry S. Nollen, Equitable Life of Iowa, Des
Moines, la.
The following resolutions were adopted:
Resolved, That the addrenes delivered at the meetings of this Fifteenth Annual
Convention have been of exceptional technical and educative value and public interest;
and be it
Further Resolved, That the most appreciative thanks of the Association be
extended to each of the speakers for the very thorough preparation and masterly
presentation of the respective subjects; and be it
Further Resolved, That the Manager be and hereby is directed to cause all of said
addresses to be published at length in the proceedings of these meetings, and to place
printed copies thereof at the disposal of their respective authors.
Whereas, Expressions ctf optimism do not make prosperity. Therefore, at a
moment when governmental authorities, both Federal and State, and thoughtful men
in every walk of life are seeking to restore the Nation to a sound and healthful normal
tsasis, the Association of Life Insurance Presidents invites attention to facts discloaed
at this, its Fifteenth Annual Convention, which furnish reassurance that economic
conditions are already appreciably stabilized by the continuing and unshaken confidence
and persistent thrift of large numbers of the American people, and
Whereas, The number of new policies of life insurance issued during the year will
approximate 13,150,000,— within less than 1% of the supreme record of 1920. Al-
tbough the aggregate of these policies, $8,535,000,000, is 15% less than the total for
1920, it exceeds by $725,000,000 the amount issued in the prosperous year 1919. and
Whereas, Policyholders generally are exercising with commendable caution the
risht to apply the accumulations under their policies to immediate personal use and
individual needs, as evidenced by the fact that but 14.68% of the reserves have been
taken as policy loans,— compared with i7-97% in X914— thus permitting a continuance
246 Cyclopedia of Insurance
of that progressive increase in life insurance policyholders' funds available for invest-
ment in response to manifest national economic requirements, which has characterized
the decade ending December aist, 1930, when American Life insurance companies
held admitted assets aggregating $7,319,997,019; therefore, be it
Resolved, That these figures are eloquent of sound habits and compelling faith.
The attitude of mind reflected in provision for the future through present effort insures
that prosperity has revived, and requires only continuance of courage and service for
complete restoration.
Whereas. The original conception underlying the business of life insurance is a
practical application of the bearing of each other's burdens; and
Whereas, The time has arrived in the history of world relations when the nations
are hopefully looking forward to a better international understanding which will tend
to abolish war with all its attendant miseries; now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Association of Life Insurance Presidents expresses its heartiest
approbation of the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments, believing that the
mutual understanding which is being reached will result in promoting permanent
peace upon earth*, and be it
Further Resolved. That the Manager be directed to transmit a copy of this resolu-
tion to the Secretary of State with the request that it be laid before the Conference.
ATLANTA ASSOCIATION OF LIFE INSURERS, Atlanta,
Ga. Oreanized October 12, 1892, as the "Georg:ia Association of Life
Insurers, ' with Thomas Peters president and Clarence Angier, secre-
tary. The change in name was adopted in March, 19 15. The pres-
ent officers, elected at the annual meeting in February, 1922, are:
President, S. M. Carson, Mutual Life, N. Y.; vice-president, Harry I.
Davis; secretary and treasurer, W. F. Helms, Guardian; P. O. Box
1412; executive committee: W. E. Hawkins, Aetna Life, chairman;
Frank W. Burr, State Mutual Life; Hugh Willet, Penn. Mutual, T. H.
Daniel, F. B. Lowe.
ATLANTIC GUARANTY AND TITLE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Atlantic City, N. J. Organized 1915; cash capital, $150,000.
Joseph Thompson, president; Harry Bacharach and John B. Slack,
vice-presidents; Silas Shoemaker, secretary; E. B. Mitchell, assist-
ant secretary; W. E. Shackelford, treasurer.
ATLANTIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Richmond. Va.
Organized 1900; capital, $300,000. Edmund Strudwick, president;
S. W. Travers and H. W. Anderson, E. Strudwick, Jr., vice-presidents;
Charles G. Taylor, Jr., vice-president and actuary; Roy M. Jones
secretary; H. L. McConnell and M. M. Blair, assistant secretaries;
E. A. Saunders, 3d vice-president and treasurer; Dr. F. P. Righter,
Dr. J. A. Hodges, medical directors; Dr. Wm. H. Higgins, associate
medical director; J. W. Sinton, Jr., assistant actuary; David W.
Kelly, assistant treasurer.
ATLAS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Organized 1918; capital, paid-in, $250,000. H. O. McClure, president;
John R. Hadley and C. A. Mayo, vice-presidents; Dr. S. D. Hawley
secretary and medical director; G. R. McCullough, treasurer; T. J.
McComb, actuary; A. C. Mullins, assistant secretary ; W. DaleRogers,
agency director.
B
BAKER'S MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY. New York.
N. Y. Organized 19 14. Albin E. Plarre, president; Valentine J.
Miller, secretary.
BALTIMORE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore
Md. Organized as an assessment company in 1882 : reorganized as
a legal reserve life insurance company in 1898. W. O. MacGill. presi-
dent; R. E. Bromwell. vice-president; Arthur R. German, second
vice-president; S. D. Powell, secretary and agency manager; Alfred
S. Niles, treasurer and counsel; J. M. H. Rowland, medical director;
Albert Burns, manager ordinary department; Howard L. MacGill,
assistant secretary.
BALTIMORE LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION.
Organized January 11. 1887, and reorganized November 27. 1900.
with the following officers: President, J. Herman Ireland; vice-
president, Henry P. Goddard; secretary, Ernest J. Clark; treasurer,
Munroe Snell. The present officers elected at the annual, meeting in
February, 1922, are: Frank M. Wheaton, Union Central Life, president;
Thomas M. Green, Fidelity Mutual, secretary, 204 Union Trust Build-
ing; Nelson M. Bond, Travelers, treasurer.
BANKERS ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY. Des
Moines, Iowa. Organized 1893; capital, $100,000. F. L. Miner
president; E. C. Budlong, vice-president and agency manager; C. H.
Martin, vice-president; J. A. Kizer, secretary; E. A. Slininger, treasurer.
BANKERS AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lin-
coln, Neb. Organized 1920; capital, $288,400. The company is
in process of liquidation in charge of the Department of Trade and
Commerce. State of Nebraska.
BANKERS CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, McKnight
Building, Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 1907; reorganized as a
stock company 1914; capital, $100,000. R. B. Beson, president;
S. L. Beson, secretary.
BANKERS DEPOSIT GUARANTY AND SURETY COM-
PANY, Topeka. Kan. Organized 1909. E. E. Ames, president;
W. J. Bailey, W. H. Burks, and J. R. Burrow, vice-presidents; John
T. Morrisey, secretary; George S. Murphey, treasurer.
BANKERS LIFE COMPANY, Des Moines. Organized 1879.
George Kuhns. president; Gerard S. NoUen, vice-president; Simon
Casady, treasurer; George W. Fowler, secretary; C. C. Blevins.
superintendent of agents; W. S. Ayres, general counsel; R. B. Alberson,
248 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
associate counsel; Dr. Ross Huston, medical director; Dr. Frank A.
Will, assistant medical director; J. E. Flanigan, actuary; R. W.
Hatton, Frank I. McGraw, B. N. Mills, Martin Roe, assistant secre-
taries; E. McConney, D. N. Warters, assistant actuaries; L. L. Cas-
sidy, assistant treasurer.
BANKERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lincoln. Neb. Or-
ganized 1887: capital. $100,000. Howard S. Wilson, president; D. W.
Cook, vice-president; M. L. Blackburn, secretary and chairman
administration board; E. C. Ames, third vice-president and actuary;
F. M. Sanders, treasurer; J. T. Hoevet, assistant treasurer; Dr. A. R.
Mitchell, second vice-president and medical director; W. W. Day,
superintendent of agents; W. G. Gooden and L. L. Garrison, agency
directors; C. Petrus Peterson, general counsel; W. J. Hiller, assistant
actuary; H. E. Flansburg, assistant medical director.
BANKERS MUTUAL LIFE COMPANY, Freeport, III. Orga-
nized 1907. W. B. Erfert, president; J. C. Peasley, secretary.
BANKERS NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Orangeburg, S. C. Organized 1919. W. E. Atkinson, president;
Dr. George F. Hair, T. A. Amaker, W. E. Richardson, and J. S. Salley,
vice-presidents; Lewis Glasser, secretary and treasurer.
BANKERS RESERVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Omaha, Neb. Organized 1908; capital. Si 00,000. R. L. Robisont
president; W. G. Preston and J. R. Famey, vice-presidents; R. C-
Waener, secretary and treasurer; E. L. Dunn, assistant secretary;
W. F. Milroy, medical director.
BANK SAVINGS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE.
Topeka, Kan. Organized 1909; capital, $200,000. E. H. Lupton,
president; Paul E. Walker, vice-president and counsel; E. E. Sallee,
secretary; R. C. Burge, assistant secretary; John R. Mulvane, treas-
urer; G. J. Mulvane, medical director.
BENEFICIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salt Ukc
City, Utah. Organized 1905; capital $200,000. Heber J. Grant, presi-
dent; John C. Cutler and L. N. Stohl, vice-presidents; A. B. C. Ohl-
son, secretary; L. E. Penrose, assistant secretary; Henry T. McEwan.
treasurer.
BENEFICIARY. In life insurance the person for whose benefit
a policy is issued and to whom the proceeds of the policy are to be
paid.
BERKSHIRE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of Pittsfield,
Mass.. was incorporated May 15, 1851, under the name of the Berk-
shire County Mutual Life Insurance Company. By an act approved
Life and Casualty Section 249
April 30, 1855, ^hc present title was adopted. W. D. Wyman, presi-
dent; Walter F. Hawkins, vice-president and general counsel; Joseph
F. Titus, treasurer; A. C. Washbume, actuary; Robert H. Davenport,
secretary; Joseph £. Purches, Geo. A. Watson, assistant secretaries;
Win field S. Weld, superintendent of agencies; Henry Colt, M.D.,
medical director.
BOND AND MORTGAGE GUARANTEE COMPANY,
175 Remsen St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Organissed 1892; capital, $6,000,000.
Clarence H. Kelsey, president; Frank Bailey, vice-president and
general manager; Harold W. Hoyt, treasurer; Reginald L. Carter,
secretary; Herbert C. Both well, assistant treasurer; Randall Salisbury
and Edgar I. Hillary, assistant secretaries; Frank E. Morgan, comp-
troller.
BOSTON CASUALTY COMPANY, Boston, Mass. Organ-
ized 1910; reincorporated as stock company, 1912; capital, paid-up,
$125,000. Henry C. Hall, president; A. H. Bullock, vice-president;
J. Kelso Mairs, secretary; J. J. Minot, Jr., treasurer.
BOSTON LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION was
organized in 1883. Incorporated in 19141 the original officers being
Cornelius G. Atwood, president; Ben S. Calef and J. Mason Everett,
vice-presidents; George N. Carpenter, secretary; Francis Marsh,
treasurer; James T. Phelps, E. J. Smith, D. W. Kilburn, C. W. Holden.
and Sidney M. Hedges, executive committee.
The present officers elected at the annual meeting 1921 are:
President, Franklin W. Ganse; vice-presidents, Robert W. Moore, Jr.,
and Clinton A. Ferguson; secretary and treasurer, Lloyd L. Allen,
79 Milk Street.
BOSTON MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Boston.
Mass. Chartered 1891. H. O. Edgerton, president; E. C. Mansfield,
secretary and treasurer; D. Perley Green, actuary: Robert King,
superintendent of agencies; Benjamin W. Rowell, comptroller; Percy
G. Browne, medical director; Arthur H. Davison, associate medical di-
rector. William A. Morse, counsel; Damon E. Hall, associate counsel;
Patrick J. Lane, manager claim department; John Puree, general
agent.
BROTHERHOOD ACCIDENT COMPANY, Boston. Mass.
Organized 1892 as the Odd Fellows Accident Company; reorganized
in 191 1 under the present title; capital, $100,000. Charles S. Farquhar,
president; Charles S. Powell, vice-president; Jay B. Crawford, secre-
tary; Joseph W. Estabrook, treasurer; Charles S. Powell, general
manager.
BUREAU OF PERSONAL ACCIDENT AND HEALTH
UNDERWRITERS, 80 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. F. Robertson
Jones, secretary and treasurer. Richard H. Thompson, Maryland
250
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Casualty Company, is chairman of the governing committee. The
following is the membership roll.
Aetna Life
American Casualty
Columbian National Life
Commercial Casualty
Connecticut General Life
Continental Casualty
Employers' Liability
EquiUble Life
Federal Life
Federal Surety
General Accident Fire and Life
General Casualty and Surety
Globe Indemnity
Hartford Accident and Indemnity
Indemnity Company of North America
Interstate Life and Accident
Jefferson Standard Life
Lincoln Accident and Life
London Guarantee and Accident
Manhattan Life
Maryland Casualty
Massachusetts Accident
Massachusetts Bonding
Metropolitan Life
Missouri State Life
National Casualty
New Amsterdam Casualty
Northwestern Casualty and Surety
Norwich Union Indemnity
Ocean Acddent and Guarantee
Pacific Mutual Life
Pan-American Life
Phoenix Mutual Life
Provident Life and Accident
Prudential
Reliance Life
Royal Indemnity
Southern Surety
Southern Life and Trust
Standard Accident
Travelers
Union Central Life
Union Indemnity
United Sutes Casualty
United States Fidelity and Guarantee
Zurich General Accident and Liability
BURGLARY, INSURANCE AGAINST. [For an account of
the beginnings of buivlanr insurance in the United States, see Cyclo-
pedia tor 1900-1901.] The business of insuring; against loss through
breaking and entering " premises by burglars is transacted by thirtyr-
nine casualty companies in the United States. The returns of busi-
ness done in 192 1 are as follows:
Premiums LoMtj
Companies Written Padd
Aetna Casualty and Surety $i.563iOXO S73S1S4S
American Casualty X4t40S I2f094
American Indemnity
American Surety 596,063 323.543
Columbia Casualty, N. Y 136,204 48.214
Commercial Casualty, N.J aa,6s8
Continental Casualty, Chicago 206.754 66.496
Employers' Liability 620,oxi 400,808
Federal Surety 27,480 S.778
Fidelity & Casualty i,X9o,623 607,034
Fidelity & Deposit 692.848 307.421
General Accident 131,424 107.745
General Casualty and Surety 10,946 3.865
Georgia Casualty 41*3x1 34.475
Globe Indemnity 783,013 332,2x2
Hartford Accident 720,7x6 304.577
Indemnity Ins. Co., of North America, Phila. . x6o,x64 25.4.19
Interstate Casualty, Ala 67 8,209
Interstate Surety, So. Dak 3t762 2,107
Iowa Bonding 34i9o8 56»3i4
Kansas Casualty and Surety 28,348 9.542
London Guarantee 532,159 273.375
London and Lancashire Indemnity 64,9x8 31.974
Manufacturers Liability 3ii774 32.518
Maryland Casualty 1,178.5 74 ^^3*249
Massachusetts Bonding 55Zf056 3S5,9as
Metropolitan Casualty 76 a. 973
National Surety 2,295>9S6 x ,002.645
New Amsterdam Casualty 389.232 313^*28
New Jersey 363,156 157,774
Life and Casualty Section 251
Premiuma
Companies Written Paid
Norwich Union Indemnity S93t3a4 153.776
Ocean Accident 7x3,932 450,48a
Preferred Accident 451,069 2x0,944
Republic Casualty 34t4x6 40,583
Royal Indemnity 897*200 363,773
Southern Surety 53t302 9*337
Traveters Indemnity 1,919,092 797i3x6
Union Indemnity, New Orleans 284,063 x 18,144
United States Casualty 230,626 1x0,769
United States Fidelity 3,037»394 x,0X4,X34
Western Surety, S. Dak 2,126 93
Total 1931 $i9.xo7,o69 $9,406,773
1920 17,458,440 8,649,337
X9X9 12.667,4x3 S.356,740
X9x8 7.736.276 2302,3x3
19x7 S.884.378 2,409.021
BURGLARY INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIA-
TION, 80 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. This association was
organized in 1904, to further proper practices in burglary insurance,
and the first officers were: David W. Armstrong, chairman; Samuel B.
Brewster, secretary, and Richard H. Thompson, treasurer. The present
officers elected at the annual meeting in May, 1922, are: John J. Flynn,
Massachusetts Bonding, president; George C. Fritz, Maryland Casu-
alty, vice-president; R. A. Algire, National Surety, second vice-
president; R. P. Sherman, United States Casualty, treasurer; H. W.
Cluff, secretary; governing committee; R. W. Ntyers, S. B. Brewster,
R. A. Algire, F. H. Kingsbury, D. G. Luckett; F. W. Rucker and F. S.
Garrison; bureau committee: E. B. Anderson, chairman; George G.
Brainard, Samuel B. Brewster.
BUSINESS MEN'S ASSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,
Kansas City, Mo. Organized 1909 as Business Men's Accident Asso-
ciation of America, re-organized 1920; capital, $200,000. C. S. Jobes,
chairman of the board; W. T. Grant, president; F. G. Crowell, vice-
president; J. H. Torrance, vice-president; L. D. Ramsey, treasurer;
A. J. Rieder, secretary; Daisy Baker, and C. S. Davis, assistant
secretaries; J. E. Higdon, actuary; E. F. Robinson, medical director;
A. W. Hogue, General Field Supervisor.
BUSINESS MEN'S INDEMNITY ASSOCIATION, 33 Monu-
ment Place, Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1915. R. L. McOuat,
president; W. W. Dark, secretary and treasurer.
BUSINESS MEN'S MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Greensboro, N. C. Organized 1912, re-or^nized as stock company
1920, C. C. Taylor, president; Julian Price, vice-president, R. B.
Coit, vice-president and treasurer; L. C. McCabe, secretary.
c
CALEF LOVING CUP AND BEN WILLIAMS MEMORIAL
VASE. At a meeting of the executive committee of the National
Aflsociation of Life Underwriters held at Pittsburg, Pa., in March,
1894, a communication was read from Major Ben S. Calef, of Bos-
ton, tendering a silver " loving cup " to the association, to serve as a
prize in an annual inter-association contest, on the following terms:
The executive oommlttee of the national aModation ihall call for a paper or
etiay. not to exceed 750 wordi, on the tubject, '* What Have Life Underwriters' Aaio-
dation* Accomplished for the Benefit of the Companies, the Agents and the Pub-
lic? " Each aasodation is to send one paper by a writer selected by itself from its
own members; bis name is to be placed in a sealed envelope bearing a number ocMnre-
sponding to the number of an envelope containing his paper. These axe to be sent on
or before June z to the secretary of the national association. The national executive
committee will appoint a sub-oommittee of five members to open and read the sev-
eral contributions, and decide by open ballot whidi they consider the beat. This
being decided, the envelope bearing the corresponding number shall be opened. Bnd
the paper so selected wUl be read at the national convention. The author of the se-
lected paper shall recdve the cup as custodian for his association, and it s^Jl bear
his name and that of nls association, and the date. The cup shall be hdd until the
next annual meeting of the national aiaodation. when a dmilar competition shall
take place under the direction of the national executive committee, tlMy nnmi'tig the
subject for the paper. All the papers shall become the property of the national aaso-
dation. with the right to publish them.
The cup was accepted by the committee on behalf of the national
association, with the conditions attached, and each of the local asso-
ciations was duly notified. [For account of earlier contests and winners
see Cyclopedia for 1911-13 and 1913-14.]
The Calef Cup is of silver, of generous proportions, beautifully
carved, with three graceful handles, and bearing on its side the inscrip-
tion '* National Association of Life Underwriters. Annual Essay
Cup. Presented by Benjamin S. Calef, Boston, 1804." The work-
manship was specially designed and executed by Snreve, Crump St
Low, Boston, Mass. The lamented death of the donor occurred
January 9, 1897.
The Ben Williams memorial vase, presented to the National
Association in 1899, was the gift of twenty gentlemen, members of
the National Association, in remembrance of Ben Williams, the livest-
ern life insurance manager, who died May 22, 1898. The conditions
of the gift are that it shall be presented, for the year, to the second
best contestant for the Calef Cup, under the same regulations.
CALIFORNIA INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, i86&-i^2.
The insurance department of California was organized in 1868. The
title of the officer in charge is insurance commissioner; who is ap>
pointed by the Governor, and his term of office is for four years. [See
Cyclopedia for 19 13-14 for list of former officials.] •
J. E. Phelps was appointed in 19 14. Alexander McCabe is the
present commissioner, appointed in 1917.
Life and Casualty Ssction 253
CALIFORNIA STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sac-
rameato, Cal. Oraanized 19 lo; capital, $500,000. Marshall Diss**
president; J. R. Kruse, vice-president, general manager and agency
director; Fred W. Kiesel» second vice-president; C. S. Brooks, secre-
tary and treasurer; Robert T. McKisick, general counsel; Harold H.
Buckman, actuary; Dr. Thomas J. Cox, third vice-president and
medical director; H. H. Bryson, assistant secretary.
CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Toronto,
Canada. Organized 1847; capital, $1,000,000. H. C. Cox, president
and general manager; T. G. McConkey, general superintendent; E. M.
Saunders, treasurer; W. A. P. Wood, actuary; H. C. Scadding, medical
director; C, R. Acres, secretary.
CAPITAL CITY SURETY COMPANY, Albany, N, Y. Organ-
ized 1912; capital, $100,000. Frank P. Dolan, vice-president and secre-
tary; Edward Murphy, treasurer.
CAPITAL, INCREASE OF, IN 1921. In life and casualty
insurance the following companies increased their capital:
LIFE:— American National, Galveston, Texas, from $250,000 to $500,000; Cen-
tral Life, Ottawa. 111., from $200,000 to $300,000; Chicago National, from $200,000
to $300,000; Crescent Life, Indianapolis, to $300,000; Merchanu Life and Casualty
Minneapolis, from $100,000 to $250,000; National Life and Accident, Nashville,
from $300,000 to $600,000; Northern Life, Seattle, from $200,000 to $250,000.
CASUALTY'.— Commercial Casualty, Newark, from $600,000 to $750,000:
Continental Casualty, Chicago, from $700,000 to $1,000,000; Detroit Fidelity and
Surety from $1,000,000 to $2,000,000: Great Western Accident, Des Moines, from
$100,000 to $200,000, Manufactiuers Liability; Jersey City from $400,000 to $500,-
000; Metropolitian Casualty, New York, from $100,000 to $200,000; Pennsylvania
Surety. Harrisburg from $250,000 to $400,000; Standard Accident, Detroit, from
$x, 000,000 to $1,500,000.
CAPITOL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF COLORADO,
THE, Denver, Coio. Organized 1905; capital, $100,000. Clarence J.
Daly, president; Patrick Crowe, vice-president and treasurer; Wm. E
Hutton, vice-president and attorney; Geo. H. Beaudry, secretary and
actuary; J. G. Bauer and W. T. Flanagan, assistant secretaries; Dr.
J. W. Amesse, medical director.
CAROLINA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Columbia, S. C.
Or^nized in 1902 as Carolina Insurance and Casualty Company;
reorganized 1912; capital, $100,000. P. H. Haltiwanger, president;
A. B. Langley, vice-president and general manager; A. H. Kohn, secre-
tary and treasurer; Ames Haltiwanger, assistant treasurer and auditor.
J. M. Walker, assistant general manager and associate counsel; A. Earle
Boozer, medical director; W. A. Hantske, manager life department.
CASUALTY ACTUARIAL SOCIETY. Organized in November.
19 14 as the Casualty Actuarial and Statistical Society. The present
title being adopted in May, 192 1.
The object of the Society is the promotion of actuarial and statis-
tical science as applied to the problems of casualty and social insurance
254 Cyclopedia of Insurance
by means of personal intercourse, the presentation and discussion of
appropriate papers, the collection of a library and such other means as
may be found desirable.
The membership of the Society is composed of Fellows and Asso-
ciates. Admission is by election or examination. The examinations
of the Society are held in May of each year. The membership consists
of 157 Fellows and 55 Associates.
The officers first elected were: President, Dr. I. M. Rubinow,
vice-presidents, B. D. Flynn, A. H. Mowbray; secretary and treasurer,
C. E. Scattergood ; librarian-editor, W. W. Greene.
The present officers of the Society are as follows: President, A. H.
Mowbray; vice-presidents, H. £. Ryan and Leon S. Senior; secretary
and treasurer, Richard Fondiller, 120 Broadway, N. Y.; editor, G. F.
Michelbacher; librarian, Louis L Dublin; council: £. E. Cammack.
E. S. Cogswell, A. W. Whitney, M. Davis.
The annual meeting of the Society is held in New York City in
November. The semi-annual meeting is held in May in a city selected
by the Council. The Society issues twice a year a publication called
the "Proceedings," which is sent to members and to subscribers.
CASUALTY INFORMATION CLEARING HOUSE. This
association was organized at a meeting held in New York in March,
1921. It is incorporated under the laws of Connecticut, and its purposes
as expressed in its articles of incorporation are: "To gather together,
print, formulate and dispense among its members and others inlonna-
tion concerning the business of casualty insurance, and to do, without
profit, any other lawful act or thing which may promote the welfare
of casualty insurance and those interested therem." The membership,
divided into three classes, is composed of officers of casualty insurance
companies, their general agents and local agents.
Officers were elected as follows: President, George D. Webb,
Chicago, 111.; vice-president, Fred J. Cox, Perth Amboy, N. J.; secre-
tary, Walter H. Bennett, secretary of the National Association of
Insurance Agents, New York, N. Y.; treasurer, Fred W. Lawson,
London Guarantee & Accident, Chicago; directors: Edson S. Lott
United States Casualty; F. Highland Burns, Maiyland Casualty;
H. G. B. Alexander, Continental Casualty; Charles H. Neely, Ocean
Accident; Charles H. Holland, Royal Indemnity; and Fred L. Gray,
W. G. Wilson, Phillip S. Powers, Thomas C. Moftatt, O. G. Strong and
J. Henry McManus.
CASUALTY AND SURETY CLUB of New York, was organized
at a meeting of the casualty and surety underwriters of New York City
held in December, 1908, for social purposes under the title Casualty
and Surety Social Club. Officers were elected as follows: President,
Edmund Dwight, Employers' Liability; vice-presidents, Eklsan S.
Lott, United States Casualty, and David W. Armstrong, Jr., National
Surety; secretary, William J. Gardner, /Etna Life; treasurer, Ed^ward
L. Hearn, Casualty Company of America. The present name was
adopted in 1914. The present officers elected at the annual meeting
Life and Casualty Section 255
in December, 192 1, are: President, John S. Turn, Aetna; vice-presi-
dents, A. G. Oakley and Walter G. Falconer; secretary and treasurer,
George H. Reaney, 100 William St., New York, N. Y.
CASUALTY INSURANCE EXCHANGE. New York, N. Y.
The present officers, elected in November, 192 1, are: Chairman, F. G.
Morris, Ocean Accident and Guarantee, vice-chairman, Paul Ruther-
ford, Hartford Accident and Indemnity; secretary and treasurer,
George G. Wetzel, United States Fidelity and Guaranty. Executive
committee: The officers and John S. Turn, Aetna Life, H. B. Johnson,
The Travelers, M. E. Jewett, Royal Indemnity, Benjamin Sturges,
Fidelity and Casualty, New York, Albert W. Whitney, National
Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters.
CASUAI-TY UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF PHILA-
DELPHIA, Philjadelphia, Pa. The present officers, elected in January,
1922, are: President, A. H. Reeve, Travelers; vice-president, H. K.
Remington, Aetna Life; secretary and treasurer, J. B. Councilman,
124 S. 4th St., Phila. executive committee: A. H. Reeve, chairman.
Travelers; H. K. Remington, Aetna; F. K. Dutcher, London Guaran-
tee; John W. Donahue, Maryland Casualty; S. H. Pool, Fidelity and
Casualty; W. F. Swan, Ocean Accident; Wm. Barnard, Indemnity of
North America; W. A. McCrea, Hartford Indemnity.
CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF ILLINOIS, BelleviUe, 111. Organized
1884. Daniel E. Sweeney, president; Wm. J. Claus, secretary.
CEDAR RAPIDS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cedar
Rapids, Iowa. Organized 1906; capital, $100,000. C. B. Robbins,
president; Glenn M. Averill and J. G. Sigmund, vice-presidents; C. B.
Svoboda, secretary; M. L. Ridgeway, assistant secretary; Ernest R.
Moore, treasurer; Dr. G. E. Crawford, medical director.
CELINA MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Celina, Ohio.
Organized 1919. J. D. Johnson, president; Otto F. Rentzsch, vice-
pfcsident; E. J. Brookhart, secretary; W. T. Palmer, treasurer. Full
coverage automobile insurance only.
CENTRAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED
STATES (Mutual), Des. Moines, Iowa. Organized 1896; George B.
Peak, president; O. C. Miller, vice-president; George N. Ayres, vice-
president and loan manager; Fred P. Carr, vice-president and general
counsel; T. C. Denny, secretary; F. G. Wolfinger, assistant secretary;
L. A. Anderson, actuary; M. I. Olsen, medical director; Homer A.
Miller, treasurer; J. A. Wilson, cashier.
CENTRAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Fort Scott,
Kaims. Organized 1906 (mutual). Howard L. Stout, president;
George W. Marble, vice-president; Robert S. Tieman, secretary and
tieasurer; J. T. Mayall, assistant secretary; Elmer E. Lyon, actuary;
C. A. Van Velzer, medical director; D. Sharpe, agency director.
256 Cyclopedia of Insurance
CENTRAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF ILLINOIS,
Ottawa, 111. Organized 1907; capital, $300,000. H. W. Johnson,
president; W. F. Weese and Charles Nadler, vice-presidents; S. B.
Bradford, secretary and treasurer; W. H. Hinebaugh, general counsel;
T. W. Burrows, medical director.
CENTRAL LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Kanka-
kee, 111. Organized 1914; capital, paid-in, $58,072.16. The company
was placed in a receiver's hands in 192 1.
CENTRAL MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW
YORK, Albany, N. Y. Organized 1914. The company retired in
192 1.
CENTRAL STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized 1910; capital, $350,000. Frank P. Crunden,
president; lames A. McVoy, vice-president and general manager;
George Graham, vice-president; V. F. Larson, secretary; T. H. Gal-
braith, G. P. Henderson, assistant secretaries; E. M. Grossman,
counsel.
CENTRAL STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Craw-
fordsville, Ind. Organized 1909; capital, $100,000. Edwin M. Brown,
E resident and general manager; Harold Taylor, vice-president; Thomas
. Neal, second vice-president and agency manager; Dumont M. Peck,
treasurer; Clifford V. Peterson, secretary; Dr. W. H. Ristine, medical
director; Frank J. Haight, actuary.
CENTURY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Indianapolis, Ind.
Organized, 1916; capital, $200,000. Thomas J. Owens, president;
C. T. Tuck, secretary; Albert Seaton, vice-president and medical
director; W. T. Cannon, treasurer.
CINCINNATI LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION
was organized December 16, 1890, the first ofiicers being Charles G«
Logan, president; M. J. Jack, vice-president; S. M. Brandebury,
treasurer; and Frank M. Joyce, secretary. The present oflBcers
elected at the annual meeting in January, 1922, are: S. Howard Swope,
president; Clarence S. Schram, vice-president; R. W. Copelan, 801 St-
Paul Building, secretary; C. Vivian Anderson, treasurer.
CLEVELAND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cleveland O..
Organized 1907; capital paid in, $250,000. Wm. H. Hunt, president;
F. F. Prentiss, vice-president; M. J. O'Donnell, vice-president; H. M.
Moore, vice-president and secretary; J. Earnest Teare, treasurer and
assistant secretary; E. G. Fassel, actuary. The company transacts
life insurance only.
CLEVELAND LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION,
organized in May, 1889. The orijpnal ofiicers were: F. A. Kendall.
president; J. W. Lee and W. B. Hillman, vice-presidents; J. C. Traak,
LiFB AND Casualty Section • 257
secretary; O. N. Olmsted, treasurer. The present officers elected at
the annual meeting in December, 192 1, are: President, Walter H.
Brown, Prudential; vice-president, John H. Byrne, Penn Mutual;
second vice-president, J. W. Chapman, Aetna; secretary, Clinton F.
Criswell; treasurer, Ralph B. Hunter, Equitable N. Y.
CLOVERLEAF LIFE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Jackson-
ville. III. Organized 19 12; capital, $200,000. F. H. Rowe, president;
W. C. Bradish, C. A. Goodale, vice-presidents; R. Y. Rowe, secre-
tary; C. Y. Rowe, treasurer.
COLONIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,
Jersey City, N. J. Organized in 1897 to do an industrial and ordinary
business; capital, $250,000. Ernest J. Heppenheimer, president;
George T. Smith, vice-president; Charles F. Nettleship, second vice-
g resident; Dunbar Johnston, secretary and treasurer; Samuel R.
>rown, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer; George A. Hug-
gins, actuary; John Yarrick, assistant actuary; John Nevin, medical
director.
COLORADO ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS
was organized at a meeting held in Denver, April 7, 1906. Officers
were elected as follows: President, J. P. Cullum, Union Central Life;
vice-president, J. S. Edwards, i£tna Life; second vice-president,
A. H. Stewart, Union Mutual; secretary, W. Rolla Wilson, Washington
Life; treasurer, W. W. Booth, Provident Savings. The present offi-
cers, elected in June, 192 1, are: President, A. Norman Dempsey;
vice-presidents, J. A. Culbreath, Charles £. Freed, and J. L. Joiner;
secretary and treasurer, J. Jefferson Tyndall, Denver.
COLORADO, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1883-1922.
The state insurance department of Colorado was organized in April,
1883, the state auditor being charged under the statute with the du-
ties of supervision as superintendent of insurance.
The legislature of 1907 created a separate insurance department,
providing tor the appointment of a commissioner, deputy commis-
sioner, and actuary. The commissioner under the act is appointed
by the Governor for a term of two years from February i, at a salary
of $3,000. [See Cyclopedia for 1913-14 for list of former officials.]
£. R. Harper was appointed in 191 5. Claude W. Fairchild was appointed
in 1917 and re-appointed in 1919, but resigned in 1921, and was suc-
ceeded by Earl Wilson, who was removed from office by the Governor in
1922 and Jackson Cochrane was appointed commissioner.
COLUMBIA CASUALTY COMPANY OF NEW YORK.
Organized 1920. Capital, $800,000. Home Office, 114 Fifth Avenue,
New York. Charles H. Neely, president; Henry Collins, vice-presi-
dent; Frank G. Morris, vice-president, and J. F. Ranges, secretary.
258 Cyclopedia of Insurance
COLUMBIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Organized I902; capital, $192,300. S. M. Cross, president;
W. F. Robertson, vice-president and treasurer; Henry G. Luken
secretary; A, J. Koeppe, actuary.
COLUMBIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha. Neb.
Organized 1908. H. C. Mason, president and actuary, F. W. Amdt,
secretary and treasurer; A. W. Mason, assistant secretary; J. H.
Thomsen, M.D., medical director. The company was formerly located
in Fremont, Neb.
COLUMBIAN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
THE, of Boston. Organised 1902; capital, $1,000,000. Arthur E.
Childs, president; Frauds P. $ear8, vice-president and comptroller.
Wm. H. Brown, second vice-president and secretary; John M. Powell,
actuary; John S. Phelps, M.L)., medical director.
COLUMBUS LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION
organized in January, 1912, by Columbus, O., agents, and the offioera
elected were: Presiclent, Fritz A. Lichtenberg, Massachuaetts Mutual;
vice-president, Albert Speaks, New England Mutual; secretary, C. C.
Hills, Mutual Benefit; treasurer, Lot T. Brown, Union Central. The
present officers, elected at the annual meeting in January, 1922, are:
President, Ralph W. Hoyer, John Hancock; vice-president, Arthur
M. Kemery; secretary, George A. Bredehoft, Connecticut Genera],
607 Bninson Building; treasurer, C. K. Siebert.
COLUMBUS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Columbus, Ohio. Organized 1908; capital paid in, $250,000. C. W.
Brandon, president; Dr. W. B. Carpenter, vice-president and med-
ical director; D. E. Ball, secretary and actuary; S. A. Hoakins,
treasurer.
COMMERCIAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, New-
ark, N. J. Incorporated, April 2nd, 1909. Assets, $5,110,025.67,
suiplus to policyholders, $1,500,000 and in addition a voluntary reserve
of $100,000 has been set aside. On March 2nd, 192 1, the capital was
increased from $600,000 to $750,000, with an additional $150,000,
also, added to the surplus. Business written in 1920 $4,446,094.98
Dividend rate, 14%. Operates in the Eastern and Middle Western
States and California. Specializes in all forms of liability insurance,
personal accident and health, plate glass, compensation, burglary and
fidelity and surety. Officers: C. W. Feigenspan, president; J. Horace
Shale, vice-president and p^eneral manager; E. C. Feigenspan, vice-pre-
sident; Winton C. Garrison, treasurer; W. Van Winkle, secretary;
C. E. Wheat ley, assistant treasurer; W. R. Griffin and Frank T. Gilsoni
assistant secretaries; Wm. A. Herr, comptroller.
COMMERCIAL HEALTH AND ACCIDENT COMPANY,
Springfield, 111. H. B. Hill, president, J. R. Neal, vice-president;
F. M. Feffer, secretary and treasurer (assessment company).
Life and Casualty Section 259
COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS' EASTERN ACCIDENT AS-
SOCIATION, Boston, Mass. Organized 1894. T. Henry Mayo,
president; William F. Mcpuillen, James B. Lord, Elmer E. Carpenter,
vice-presidents; Ira F. Libby, secretary and treasurer. The associa-
tion writes accident insurance only, under the Fraternal Laws of
Massachusetts.
COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS MUTUAL ACCIDENT AS-
SOCIATION OF AMERICA, THE, Utica, N. Y. Organized 1883.
Russell H. Wicks, president; H. E. Trewett, secretary and treasurer.
COMMONWEALTH CASUALTY COMPANY, Philadelphia
Pa. Organized 1906; cash capital, $300,000. Henry C. Stewart,
president; E. W. Cook, vice-president and general manager; C. Wm.
Freed, second vice-president and general counsel; Edwin S. Cook,
secretary; Charles T. Megee, treasurer.
COMMONWEALTH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Louis-
ville, Ky. Organized 1904; capital $500,000. Darwin W. Johnson,
president; I. Smith Homans, secretary and actuary; Dr. W. F. Black-
ford, medical director.
COMMONWEALTH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized 1909; capital, $100,000. F. J. Uehling,
president; W. K. Whitfield, vice-president; C. S. Whitfield, secretary;
A. B. Detweiler, treasurer; T. C. Rafferty, F. A.S., actuary; Dr. Frank
Simon, medical director; Geo. A. Nelson, assistant secretary.
COMPANIES ORGANIZED OR PROJECTED IN 1921:
LIFE
Actual or
Proposed
Companiet Capiul
Bankers National Life Insurance Co., Indianapolis, Ind $aoo,ooo
Capital Savings Life Insurance Co^ Columbus, Ohio 200,000
Connopolitan Life Insurance Co., Detroit, Midi 250,000
Domestic Life and Accident Insurance Co., Louisville, Ky 100,000
Oreat Western Life Insurance Co., Billings, Mont 250,000
Lriberty Life Insurance Co., Chicago. Ill
Modem Life Insurance Co., St. Paul, Minn 200,000
Michigan Life and Annuity Co., Petoskey and Detroit, Mich 75iOOO
National Reserve Life Insurance Co., Topeka, Kan 225,000
National Home Life Insurance Co., Dallas, Tex 150,000
National Savings Life Insurance Co., Wichita, Kan 250,000
National Temperance Life Insurance Co., Chicago, III 100,000
Pablte Life and Accident Insurance Co., Nashville, Tenn 200,000
Safety First Life Insurance Co., Oklahoma City, Okla
Standard American Life Insurance Co., Chicago, 111
Teacas Mutual Life Insurance Co., Dallas, Texas
Union National Life Insurance Co
Washington City Life Insurance Co
CASUALTY AND MISCELLANEOUS
Automotive Industries Mutual Motor Insurance Assn., Detroit Mich.
Blue Ribbon Mutual Auto Insurance Co., Detroit, Mich.
Commercial Mutual Surety, Lincoln, Neb.
Coastwise Mutual Casualty Co., New York, N. Y.
I>etroit Bonding and Mortgage Guarantee Co., Detroit, Mich.
260 Cyclopedia of Insusancb
DetfxHt Fidelity and Surety Co» Detroit, Mich.
Equitable Mortgage and Title Co.. Lawrence, N. Y.
Federal Mutual Auto Insurance Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
Frankenmuth Mutual Auto Insurance Co., Frankenmuth, Mich.
General Casualty and Surety Reinsurance Corp., New York, N. Y.
Minnesota Threshennens Mutual Insurance Co., Mankato, Minn.
Mutual Indemnity Co., Detroit, Mich.
New York Indemnity Co., New York, N. Y.
Plains Casualty Co., Cheyenne, Wyo.
Professional Indemnity Corp., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Standard Automobile Mutual Casualty Co., New York, N. Y.
State Mutual Insurance Exchange, St. Paul, Minn.
Supreme Casualty Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
Texas Casualty Co., Austin, Tex.
Title Guaranty and Casualty Co. of America, Detroit.
CONNECTICUT GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Hartford, Conn. Organized in 1865; capital, $800,000.
Robert W. Huntington, president; Georae £. Bulkley, vice-president;
Richard H. Cole, secretary; Edward B. Peck and Samuel G. Hunting-
ton, assistant secretaries; John M. Laird, actuary; Charles G. Wood-
ward, financial secretary; Arthur P. Woodward, secretary accident
department; George Goodwin, assistant secretary accident department ;
Walter I. King, secretary group insurance department; William H.
Flanigan assistant secretary life department; F. C. Griswold, superin-
tendent of agencies; George E. Risley, superintendent of agencies;
Georee C. Capen, assistant superintendent of agencies; William W.
Knight, M.D., medical advisor, William Armstrong, M. D., assistant
medical advisor.
CONNECTICUT. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1865-
1922. The insurance department of Connecticut was established by
law, July 19, 1865, the insurance commissioner being appointed by
the Governor for three years. In 1887 the term was mcreased to
four years. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for list of former officials.]
Burton Mansfield is the present commissioner, appointed for the
term beginning July i, 191 1, and re-appointed for each term since.
CONNECTICUT LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION
was organized October 27, 1890. [For a full account of the first meet-
ing and organization of the association see the Cyclopedia for 1890
(page 63).] The present officers elected at the annual meeting held m
October, 192 1, are: President, Max Hartstall, Hartford; first vice-
president, Richard Greening, Hartford; second vice-president, Ed^nrard
S. Doton, New London; secretary and treasurer, James B. Moody, Jr.,
803 Main St., Hartford; executive committee, F. A. Griswold, 2nd,
Bridgeport, Fred S. Keech, New Haven, John W. Moore, Bridgeport,
George W. Greene, Waterbury, John H. Ehn, Hartford, D. F. Buckley,
Waterbury, R. M. Buckmaster, Waterbury.
CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
of Hartford. Organized 1846. Henry S. Robinson, president; James
Lee Loomis, vice-president; Herbert H. White, treasurer; Jacob H.
Greene, secretary; Harold F. Larkin, secretary; Franklin H. Searle and
Life and Casualty Section 261
Harold N. Chandler, assistant secretaries; Daniel H. Wells, consulting
actuary; Charles Hildebrand, actuary; Harry I. B. Rice, associate
actuary; William P. Barber, assistant actuary; Henry H. Steiner,
superintendent of agencies; Harry F. Gray and William H. Harrison,
assistant superintendents of agencies; Harold M. Holderness, agency
correspondent; Joseph B. Hall, medical director; Henry A. Martelle,
assistant medical director; Charles D. Alton, medical referee.
CONSERVATIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMER-
ICA, South Bend, Ind. Organized 1912; authorized capital, $125,000,
cash capital, $100,600. Dixon W. Place, president; A. S. Burkart,
vice-president and general manager; William Mell, secre.^ary; Joseph
M. Stephenson, treasurer; Samuel Parker, general counsel.
CONSERVATIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sioux
City, Iowa. Organized 191 9. Burton H. Saxton, president; A. E.
Wilder, vice-president; J. D. Langstaff, secretary; T. M. Murdock,
treasurer; I. E. Nervig, medical director.
CONSERVATIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Wheeling,
W. Va. Orranized 1907; capital, paid in, $350,690. George W. HiU,
president; W. C. Eberts, vice-president; S. M. Sawvel, vice-president;
Clem E. Peters, secretary and treasurer; W. S. Fulton, M.D., medical
director, J. J. P. O'Brien, counsel.
CONTINENTAL ASSURANCE COMPANY. Chicago, lU.
Oiganized 1911; capital, $250,000. H. G. B. Alexander, president;
W. H. Roberts, Manton Maverick, H. A. Behrens, and G. F. Claypool,
vice-presidents; E. G. Timme, secretary; W. H. Roberts, treasurer;
G. F. Claypool, superintendent of agencies; H. W. Dingman, medical
director.
CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY. Chicago, III. Or-
ganized 1897; capital $1,200,000. H. G. B. Alexander, president;
W. H. Roberts, Manton Maverick, H. A. Behrens, W. H. Betts and
M. P. Cornelius, vice-presidents; E. G. Timme, secretary; D. W. Mc-
Fall and F. I. Hooper, assistant secretaries; W. H. Roberts, treasurer.
CONTINENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Washing-
ton, D. C. Organized 1914. Edwin G. Cover, president; I. S. D.
Sauls, vice-presidents; H. A. Bartholemew, secretary and treasurer;
W. W. Doub, assistant secretary.
CONTINENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, WUmine-
toUf Del. Organized 1907; authorized capital, $1,000,000; cash capital.
S654.490. Philip Burnet, president; George E. Saulsbury, vice-presi-
dent; Charles R. Churchman, vice-president; Otley E. Simpers, treas-
urer; Adolph A. Rydgren, actuary; Daniel E. Jones, secretary; Dr.
Peter W. Tomlinson, medical director; James A. Fulton, agency
manager; William F. Kurtz, general counsel.
262 Cyclopedia of Insurance
CONTINENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Louis,
Missouri. Organized 1904: capital, $490,000. Edmund P. Melson,
president; C. D. Bolin, and P. M. Harper, vice-presidents; J. DeWitt
Mills, secretary; L. Marks, assistant secretary; C. A. McCona^^hy,
actuary; Dr. C. R. Dudley, medical director; Judge Charles G.
Revelle, counsel; J. A. McCoy, manager health and accident depart-
ment. Headquarters of the company were moved from Kansas City
to St. Louis in 192 1.
CORPORATE SURETYSHIP.* Following the custom as old as
civilization, it was impossible, until comparatively a few years ago, to
furnish bond excepting by personal sureties or collateral security.
Corporate surety companies were therefore formed to enable a man to
pay a company a premium for serving in lieu of personal surety or col-
lateral security, guaranteeing the obligee against loss, if the conditions
of the bond should not be properly met. Corporate suretyship has been
aptly described as a means of saving one's self from one s friends.
This operates both waysj in that a^ man by furnishing corporate surety
is relieved from obligations to friends who might serve as personal
sureties; and those qualified to become sureties can better afford to
pay the surety bond premium for a *' friend," rather than risk per-
sonal loss by becoming his surety.
Since surety companies are classified as insurance companies, and
the giving of bonds bemg far older than any form of insurance, it seems
strange that corporate surety should be so long attaining its proper
place. Insurance corporations became reasonably common in the
seventeenth century, yet the first surety company was organized in
1 85 1, but not admitted to the United States until 1881. One Ameri-
can company writing surety business was organized in 1876, another
in 1884, and the important fact is that these four companies stiU sur-
vive, and practically all of the host of companies oi^nized beginning
with the year 1897 have ceased doing business.
This is due to many causes, but primarily to handling suretyship
like insurance, assuming the volume of premiums would take care ot
the losses and writing business freely without regardii^ anything but
the erratic loss experience gained from time to time. The chief errors
included inadequate rates, improper standards of underwriting, under-
estimated loss reserves, and over-confidence generally. Needless to
say that the companies which confused the ideas of mere production
with those of safe underwriting, did not live long enough to acquire
any experience, and that no stability was given the business until the
formation of the present system of standardization of rates (differen-
tiated as to the liability in various states under their ever-changing
laws).
There are many mistaken conceptions of the scope and purpose
of corporate suretyship, but the worst is the erroneous theory that the
premium is intended to cover the risk. This is not the case, as a cor-
porate surety is merely an accommodation surety and all elements
* By William H. Drapier, Jr., Superintendent of Agencies. National Surety Com-
pany, New York, N. Y.
Life and Casualty Section 263
of risk must be eliminated, as far as possible, so that the premium
merely represents a service fee to save the principal from being under
obligations to personal surety, and yet, at the same time, contemplat-
ing full re-imbursement to the surety company of all loss and expenses
incurred.
The average surety company is qualified to transact all of the so-
called multiple lines, i.e. : To cover all hazards, excepting fire and life
insurance. The most successful companies are necessarily those
which, though chartered as above, restnct their operations to fidelity,
surety, and burglary business, for the only difference between fidelity
and burglary is that the latter covers larceny, theft, and robbery
caused by parties presumably unknown to the assured. In its prop-
erly restricted sense, corporate suretyship comprehends the issuing only
of such obligations as a personal surety might sign with proper quali-
fications, and the soundest argument in favor of corporate-suretyship
is the fundamental principle that the individual surety may die or fail
and that only a permanent institution can be trusted on long contracts.
Many of the earlier companies be^^n by writing only fidelity
tx>nds; i.e., guaranteeing honesty and faithful performance of duties
of ofiicers and employees. Fidelity business still forms the founda-
tion of a properly balanced surety income, and is the best class of busi-
ness from all standpoints, because self-respect deters losses, realizing
that discovery brings disgrace and punishment.
Next in line comes what are styled court fiduciary bonds, involv-
ing the same elements, but including as well, ability and proper fulfill-
ment of trusts. To secure the proper administration of the trust and
com|>tiance with law and court orders by Federal and Bankruptcy
fiduciaries, joint control of the assets is exercised by the referee, or the
clerk of court. Surety companies follow the same practice in most
cases, especially long terms trusts, thus safeguarding the interests of
the beneficiaries, and, besides assisting the fiduciary, this relieves him
by sharing responsibility for his disbursements. This practice has the
approval of most courts and is provided for by enactments in most
states.
From this point on, all miscellaneous suretyship involves financial
strength — the ability to perform the contract, pay the amount in-
volved or other object to be attained; and these bonds must, there-
fore, be underwritten entirely on banking principles. Bonds on
appeal, supersedeas, and all other obligations equivalent to the en-
dorsement of commercial paper, can only be safely guaranteed by the
deposit with the surety company of cash or marketably convertible
collateral equal to the lace of the bond. Where collateral is not im-
peratively essential, the financial statement of the contractor or sim-
ilar applicant must be unquestionably adequate and absolutely verified.
In spite of all precautions that can be taken, the percentage of
actual underwriting profit is remarkably small, and statistics show
that the most substantial gains are from the income from investments,
salvage, and other sources-^ the companies paying only nominal
dividends and keeping operating expenses at an irreducible minimum.
[For statistics see Surety and Fidelity Insurance.]
264
Cyclopedia of Insurance
COTTON STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Memphis,
Tenn. Organized 191 2; camtal, paid in, $128,375. E. C. Hinds,
president; W. T. Reeves and Travis H. Taylor, vice-presidents; H. W.
Durham, vice-president and manager industrial department; £. C.
Blackburn, medical director; Chas. A. Davis, secretary and treasurer.
CREDIT INSURANCE. (The guaranteeing and indemnifying
merchants and others engaged in business and ^ving credits from
loss thereby.) In 1893 there were four companies in the United States
engaf;ed in this business; only one domestic company, the American
Credit Indemnity of New York, was in the field at the beginning of
1898. The business is now transacted by one American company^ and
the United States branches of two foreign companies. The credit in-
surance business of three companies in the United States in 192 1 was
as follows:
COMPANIBS
American Credit Indemnity .
London Guarantee & Accident
Ocean Accident & Guarantee .
Total X92X
Total X920
Total Z9Z9
ToUl 19x8
Total Z917
Premiuma
Written
$1,755,196.00
943^350.00
800,617.00
$3,498. i63/>o
3,787.481.00
3.319,679.00
X. 857*058.00
1,665.9x5.00
Paid
$1,057,79700
806,948.00
1,336.037.00
$3,100,783.00
966, X 49.00
73,553.00
x94.183.00
90.676.00
CRESCENT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Indianapolis,
Ind. Organized 1914. Bertram Day, president; C. B. Jenkins,
vice-president; M. E. Callane, secretary; W. E. Callane, treasurer;
Frank J. Haight, actuary; Walter George, medical director.
D
DAKOTA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Watertown, S.
Dak. Oreanized 1907; capital, $300,000. John B. Hanten, presi-
dent; F. L. Bramble, secretary and treasurer; H. B. Bossert, auditor;
Edgar E. Chappell, superintendent of agents; J. J. Bell, actuary;
H. M. Finnerud, medical director.
DEATH ROLL OF 192 1. The following is a list of persons con-
nected with life and miscellaneous insurance who died in 1921:
Allen. Frauds Burke, vice-president. Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn., died July 27 • Mr. Allen was bom at Baltimore,
Md.. June i, 1841. He received a common and high school education, and began
his business career as a machinists' apprentice. From 1863 to x868 he served
in the engineer a>rps of the United States Navy. He was a director of the Navy
League oT the United States, past junior commander-in-chief. G. A. R., and past
Rear Admiral, National Association Naval Veterans of the United States, and was
active in Grand Army, also naval a£fairs, and a past president of the Army and
Navy Club of Connecticut. He was also a past vice-president of the board of
Casualty and Surety Underwriters of New York; past president New England
Society of Naval Engineers, Boston, Mass.; charter member American Society
of Naval Engineers, Washington, D. C.
Armstrong, David W., Jr., well known casualty underwriter, died at his home in Brook-
lyn, N. Y., Ckrtober 36. He was engaged in the brokerage business in Brooklyn
but previously held important positions with different companies.
Birdseye, Arthur J., Connecticut state agent for the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn., died April 29. Mr. Birdseye was bom in Waterloo,
N. Y., August 21, 1868, and received his education in the Waterloo Academy.
He early entered the retail jewelry business and later was a broker in New York.
In X893 he was appointed general sigent of the Nederland Life Insurance Company
of Amsterdam, Holland, then just beginning business in the United States. On
the withdrawal of the company from the United States in 1896 he was appointed
to a position in the home office of the Mutual Benefit Life of Newark, later becom-
ing superintendent of agents of the company for Ohio, and in 1900 was appointed
Connecticut state agent of the company. He was an ex-president of the Connecti-
cut Life Underwriters Association, an ex-member of the executive committee of the
National Association, a Knight Templar, a thirty-second degree Mason and
Shriner, ex-governor of the Connecticut Society of the Founders and Patriots of
America, and ex-treasurer-general of the order, and a Son of the American Revolu-
tion, and a member of the Knights of Pythias.
Brown, Robert P., vice-president. Prudential Life Insurance Company, died in Provi-
dence, R. I., March 3, aged seventy-one years.
Bruce. Albert C. special agent Northwestem Mutual Life Insurance Company, died
0>ctober i5'
Clark, Jesse R. president of the Union Central Life Insuiance Company, Cincinnati,
Ohio, died October 26.
Cohen, Max journalist founder and for thirty years publisher of Views, Washington,
D. C, died at his home in Washington, September 22, age 75 years.
Cox, William E., agent for many years of the New York Life Insurance Company in
New York, died July 2X.
Crum, Dr. Frederick S., assistant statistician Prudential Insurance Company, accidently
drowned while fishing in Maine, September 2.
Daly. Thomas F., president Capital Life Insurance Company, Denver, Col., died
August 21.
Davis, William B., agency inspector, Reliance Life Insurance Company, died sud-
denly of acute indigestion, March 9.
266 Cyclopedia of Insurance
De Forest. Ezra, a veteran agent of the Penn. Mutual Life, died as a result of an ac-
cidental fall at his home in Montdair, N. J., April 5, aged seventy years.
De Kriss, Paul, general agent of the Travelers Insurance Company, at EvansviDe,
Ind., died in May.
Derrick, W. H., of the New York Insurance Department, died February iSi aged fifty-
five years.
Dodge, O. v., vice-president Midland Life, Kansas City, Mo., was murdered in Janu-
ary, aged sixty-one years.
Eddy, George, casualty agent at Minneapolis, died March ai.
Ellis, Hugh, E., casualty agent at Richmond, Va., was drowned in the James Riv«r,
June 26, aged thirty-three years.
Englehardt, E. E., secretary, Detroit Fidelity and Surety Company, died December ix,
at Saginaw, Mich., aged forty-six years.
Fish. Edward P., prominent Pacific Coast accident underwriter, committed suicide at
Alameda, Cal.
Gemill, John R.. Colorado agent of the Aetna Life, casualty lines died at Buena
Vista, Col., September 2a of pneumonia, aged forty-seven years.
Goodman, Frank H., president of the Home Accident and Health Insurance Company
South Bend, Ind., died May 30, aged sixty years.
Goodrich, A. G., general agent for the National Life of Vermont, at Baltimore, died
November x6 following an operation for appendicitis.
Gross, Joseph J., secretary American Credit Indemnity Company, died in Atlantic
City, N. J., May 3.
Heavyside, Louis, manager of the Brooklyn, N. V., office of the Fidelity and Casualty
Company, died in April.
Herenden, Arthur S., general agent Equitable Life Assurance Society, died February 8,
in Brooklyn, N. V., age seventy-five years.
Hungate, John H., vice-president of the Peoria Life Insurance Company, died at
Keokuk, la., December is. aged 83 years.
Jarvis, Charles M., director of the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, died
May 21, aged sixty-six years.
Kilgariff, John N., general agent Pacific Mutual Life. San Francisco, died November x6-
Kurtz John D., treasurer of the Continental Life Insurance Company, Wilmincton,
Del., died suddenly, April 29.
Lamb, Roland O. president of the John Hancock Mutual Ufe Insurance Company,
died at his home in Boston, November 14. Mr. Lamb was bom in Beverly, Maaa.,
December 20. i8so. He received his education in the public schools of Beverly
and began business life as a bookkeeper in a manufacturing house, where he
remainni five years. In January, 1872, he entered the service of the John Hanc
cock as a bookkeeper. In March, 1889. he became chief clerk of the oomixuxy;
in May, 1894, secretary (which position he resigned January 12, 1903), and in
May, Z895, he was elected a director of the company and second vice-preaident.
February, 1899, he was elected vice-president, and president, June 21, 1909.
Lang, Cyrus H., supervisor of agencies in the South, ordinary department, for The
Prudential Insurance Compcuiy, died at his home in East Orange, N. J., March la,
after a brief illness, aged seventy-two years. Mr. Lang was a native of Massa-
chusetts, and after a quarter century's service with the Massachusetts Mutual
Life, entered the service of the Prudential in x895>
Laughton, William A. L., Philadelphia manager for the Employers Liability Asauxance
Corporation, in Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey, died in May, after a
long illness.
Leakin, Philip M., claim department examiner for Aetna Life in New York, died in
January following an operation.
Leonard. Millard, vice-president Fidelity and Deposit Company, Baltimore, Md.,
died February 28.
Lyman, Henry D., chairman of the board of directors, American Surety Company,
died February 27, aged sixty-nine years.
Maitland, W. G., resident vice-president Fidelity and Deposit Company at Den^ver,
Col., died in September, aged seventy-five years.
Life and Casualty Section 267
Maloney, Andrew J.« prettdent'of the Philadelphia Life, died suddenly at his home in
PhUadeliihia, September lo, aged seventy-nve years. He was bom in Greensburg,
Me., but spent most of his life in Philadelphia. He was a member of the Phil-
adelphia bar, and founder of the Company.
McFee, John R., agent of the Penn. Mutual Life at Chicago, 111., died of heart disease,
December lo.
Nichols, Walter S., insurance editor, died at his home in Newark, N. J., Feburary 12,
aged 70 years.
Pixley, Henry D., president and founder of the Commercial Travelers Mutual Accident
Association, Utica, N. Y., died in AprU. He had been president of the Company
for thirty-eight years.
Preston, Edward V., manager of agencies for the Travelers Insurance Company,
Hartford, died July 10. Mr Preston was born in Wlllington, Tolland county.
Conn., June i, 1837. and educated in the public schoc^. Mr. Preston was a
partner in the commercial house of H. Griswold & Company, Hartford, when the
war of '6i-'65 began. April 22, 1861 he volunteered assistance to the adjutant
general of the state in the organization of volunteers. In July, x86x, he was
appointed Re^mental Quartermaster of the Fifth Connecticut Ii^antry and soon
after was detailed to act as staff ofiSoer on the staff of General Gordon of Massa-
chusetts and later of General Williams of Michigan. In February, 1864, he was
appointed by President Lincoln, Additional Paymaster of Volunteers, with the
rank of Major, which position he held to the close of the war, being disdiarged by
the Secretary of War from the service July 31, 1865. Being without occupation,
he secured employment with The Travelers Insurance Company as a solicitor
June 9, 1865, was appointed special agent soon after and general manager of agen-
dn in January 1868. He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal
Legion, Massachusetts Commandery, the Army and Navy Club of Connecticut.
Robert O. Tyler Post, No. 50, G. A. R., the Hartford Lodge of Masons, the Hart-
ford Club and the Society of the Army of the Potomac.
Rulir. Charles Grant, assistant actuary. Metropolitan Life, died in Maine June 30.
Saxton, Arthur F., chief examiner in the New York Insurance Department, died
February 26.
Starke William A., vice>president Old Line Life Insurance Comperny, Milwaukee,
Wis., died June 17, aged sixty-five years.
Stickland, J. F., vice-president United Fidelity Life Insurance Company, Dallas
Texas, died of heart dise.ase, aged sixty years.
Webster, John C, former vice-president of the Aetna Life Insurance Compa^iyf died
at his home in Hartforxl, Conn., September 13. aged eighty-two years.
Woolen, Dr. G. N., medical director of the American Central Life of Indianapolis for
sixteen years, died in Indianapolis, December 10.
DECREMENT. The part by which a variable quantity is con-
ceived to be diminished. In the mortality tables in use by life insur-
ance companies there is a column showing the number dying each
year out of the number living at the beginning of the year. This
column is the decrement. Starting with, say 100,000 persons, livinp;
at the age at which the table begins, there is an annual decrement until
the last one dies at age 100.
DELAWARE, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1879-1922.
The insurance department was established in 1879. The insurance
commissioner is elected by the people and commissioned by the Gov-
ernor for a term of four years. [Sc^ Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for list of
former officials.]
W. R. McCabe was appointed in 1913 and Thomas R. Wilson
succeeded him, and served until 192 1. The present commissioner is
Horace Sudler.
268 Cyclopedia op Insukancb
DES MOINES LIFE AND ANNUITY COMPANY. Dcs Moines,
la. Organized 1917; capital, $500,000. A. L. Hart, president;
George Cosson, Peter Lamp, S. J. Houston, vice-presidents; Paul N.
Mantz, secretary and actuary; L. M. Barlow, treasurer; Dr. Frank
Wilbur Chase, medical director; A. L. Hart, agency manager; R. J.
Bannister, counsel.
DEPOSITS, SPECIAL. REQUIRED BY STATES. The fol-
lowing is a statement of the special deposits required^ by certain states
from msurance companies of other states or countries doii^ busineM
therein :
Arkanaas — AU life and casualty companies mtut sive bond of $30,000: guaran-
tee and surety companies bond of $50,000, or deposit m like amount in casn. United
^tes, or Arkansas Loughborough bonds.
Delaware — By surety and guarantee companies, $zo.ooo.
Idaho — By fidelity and surety companies. $25,000.
Louisiana — Guaranty, fidelity, surety, and bond companies. $50,000.
New York — By life and casualty companies of other countries, $aoo,ooo; by
domestic life companies, $xoo,ooo; by domestic casualty and guarantee credit com-
panies to an amount not less than $100,000 nor more than $250,000.
Ohio — By foreign companies doing a credit guaranty business, $xoo.ooo.
South Dakota — Domestic life. $100,000; all surety, bunglar. and liability com-
panies. $ao.ooo.
Texas — Fidelity companies, $50,000.
Virginia — By all companies (except those doing a marine business exdoai'rely
in the state) 5 per cent, of their capital in bonds of Virginia or the United States, or
the cities or counties of Virginia, such deposits to be not less than $zo,ooo, nor more
than $50,000. and no single bond to be over $zo.ooo.
West Virginia — By foreign and other state surety companies ao per cent, of
their capital stock (capital stock must be $250,000. same as for domestic companies)
except that the deposit shall not be less than $50,000 and need not exceed $75*ooo la
any one case.
Wisconsin — By casualty and surety companies $50,000 for each additional
class of business, if the company desires to transact more than one of the different
kinds of business coming under the head of guarantee, casualty or surety bnainfss
Life companies organized under foreign governments, an amount equal to the
value of all policies written on lives of residents of the state.
Surety companies are required by several states, particularly Ala-
bama, New Jersey and Utah, and some cities to make special deposits,
not enumerated above.
Many states require deposits by other state companies if they
have not made deposits in their home states, and by companies of
other countries, if they have not made deposits in some other state
of the United States. Most of the states make the provisions of the
reciprocal law apply to deposits.
The insurance commissioners at their annual meeting in 19 19
favored the repeal of all special deposit laws.
DES MOINES LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION was
organized in July, 1893, at Des Moines, with the following officers:
Sidney A. Foster of the Royal Union Mutual, president; Robert I.
Fleming of the Mutual Life of New York, first vice-president; W. A.
Bemis of the i£tna Life, second vice-president; J. C. Cummings of
the Equitable of Iowa, secretary; C. H. Rumsey of the Penn Mutual,
Life and Caslalty Section 269
treasurer. The association was reorganized in 1902. Cyrus Kirk was
elected president and C. S. Hunter secretary. The present officers,
elected in Tune 192 1, are: Roy H. Heartman, president; O. G. Wilson,
vice-president; L. V. Clarke, second vice-president; M. M. Deming,
secretary and treasurer. Western Life Building, Des Moines, la.;
executive committee: L. W. Basham, chairman; L. G. Fertig, Roy
H. Heartman, O. G. Wilson, L. V. Clarke, W. D. Bowles, M. M. Dem-
ing. Formerly Iowa Life Underwriters Association, present title
adopted in 192 1.
DETROIT FIDELITY AND SURETY COMPANY, Detroit,
Mich. Organized and commenced business April 27, 1921. Capital,
$2,000,000, with $2,000,000 surplus. A. F. Bunting, president; Frank
H. Ellsworth, vice-president and agency director; Homer H. McKee,
vice-president and underwriter; Sheridan F. Master, vice-president
and general counsel; Frank W. Wakeman, secretary; Walter J. Hays,
treasurer; Ralph J. Daly, auditor and engineer.
DETROIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Detroit, Mich.
Organized 191 1; capital, paid in, $144,000. M. E. O'Brien, president;
Frank H. Watson, vice-president and general counsel; Ben B. Jacob,
vice-president; John R. Walsh, vice-president and agency director;
James D. Baty, secretary and treasurer; Geoi^ P. Barnes and Victor
A. Harrington, assistant secretaries; E. C. Wightman, actuary; H. R.
Car^tens, medical director.
DETROIT LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION was
organized in 1886 as the Michigan Life Underwriters' Assodation,
and re-organized as above in 1906. The following are the officers
elected at the annual meeting in January, 192 1: President, J. Fred
Lawton; vice-presidents, Milton Woodward and Norton Ives; secre-
tary, F. W. Weston; treasurer, Will A. Waite.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION
IN. Supervision of insurance in the District of Columbia vested
formerly in the office of the district assessor, but in 1901 Congress
created a distinct insurance department. The department is under
the direction of the commissioners of the district, who are authorized
to appoint a superintendent of insurance. Lee B. Mosher served until
1919, and Dr. Lewis A. Griffith is the present superintendent.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSO-
CIATION. The association was oii^nized in May, 1910, and the offi-
cers elected were: President, John Dolph; vice-president, P. H. Tam-
plet; secretary and treasurer, John E. Kreh, Jr. The present officers
elected in May, 1922, are: President; A. W. Defenderfer; vice-presi-
dent, Frank R. Strunk; secretary and treasurer, Wm. E. Britt.
DIVIDENDS. In life insurance payments made to policyholders,
either annually or at stated intervals. Dividenda are sometimes re-
feired to as " return premiums," and again as '* refunds," but none of
270 Cyclopedia of Insurance
the terms indicate with precision just what the so-called dividend is.
A company may of course make a profit in the sale or transfer of se-
curities, which would be credited to surplus, but aside from this there
are three sources from which contributions are made to the fund from
which so-called dividends are made. These sources are as follows: —
Mortality Savings: — The actual mortality experienced by a com-
pany among its policyholders may be less than indicated by the table
of mortality on which premium rates are based, and in that case there
will be a saving.
Savings in Interest and Expenses, — A company expects and actu-
ally does realize a greater rate of interest than the rate assumed, and
again its expenses may be less than that assumed in its calculations,
and so there would be a saving also from those two sources. The sav-
ings whatever they were from the above three sources would be cred-
ited to surplus at the end of the year when the comi)any has determined
what the msurance has actually cost, and then from this surplus fund
is apportioned to each policyholder a refund or dividend; the purpose
and effect of which is to give the policyholder insurance at approxi-
mately cost price. There are several ways in which these dividends,
or refunds, may be used. They may be drawn in cash or deposited
at interest with the company; or applied to the reduction of a pre-
mium, or to purchase additional insurance or to mature the policy a.t
an earlier age.
DURHAM LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Raleigh, N. C.
Organized 1913; cash capital, $25,000. S. B. Coley, president; D. L.
Cozart, secretary; J. R. Weatherspoon, treasurer; E. T. Burr, actuary.
Transacts industrial life, health and accident business.
E
EASTERN CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Boston,
Mass. Incorporated 1907; reorganized as a stock company in 19 16.
Capital, $100,000. Corwin McDowell, president; H. S. Bean, treas-
urer and secretary.
ELGIN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Sherwin Building,
Elgin, 111. Organized 1909. E. P. Straudberg, president; C. E.
Botsford, secretary and general manager; E. H. Abbott, treasurer;
E. Schlemmer, assistant secretary.
ELKHORN LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Norfolk, Neb. Organized 1904. P. H. Salter, president;
J. B. Maylard, vice-president and secretary; Jack Koenigstein, treas-
urer; H. S. Wiggins, actuary.
EMPLOYERS CASUALTY COMPANY, Interurban Building,
Dallas, Teicas. Organized 1920. VV. B. Head, president; J. J. Wat-
son, secretary; A. T. Allen, treasurer.
EMPLOYERS INDEMNITY CORPORATION, Kansas City,
Mo. Organized 1914; capital, $700,000. B. G. Trimble, president;
H. Woodhead, vice-president; Dennis Hudson, vice-president; Lyn-
ton T. Block, vice-president; John Woodhead, secretary and treasurer;
Stanley M. Izard, Robert M. Staker, Frank L. Barnes, R. E. McGinnis,
assistant secretaries; Edgar E. Smith, assistant treasurer.
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY ASSURANCE CORPORATION,
LTD., THE, of London, England. Incorporated, October, 1880, with
an authorized capital of $^,000,000, now fully subscribed; paid up
$500,000, which in 1892 was mcreased to $750,000 and in 1906 to $1,000,-
000. In 1920 its authorized capital was increased to $10,000,000.00
of which $1,800,000.00 is paid up. Its present total available re-
sources in the United States amount to over $30,000,000. Its charter
covers the transaction of all classes of casualty insurance. The cor-
poration was organized immediately following the enactment of the
famous employers' liability act in England in 1880, and it is ac-
knowledged to be the pioneer in liability insurance in the world.
The officers of the company are: Lord Claud Hamilton, chairman;
W. E. Gray, general manager and W. J. Ralph, secretary. General
office of the company, Hamilton House, Victoria Embankment, London,
£. C. Branch agencies are maintained in Holland, Belgium, the South
African Republic, Australia, Canada, China, Straits Settlements, Egypt,
Philippine Islands, India, Ceylon, Siam, Argentina, Asia Minor, Cuba,
Dutch E. Indies, France, Greece, Indo-China, Turkey and in the United
States, where business was commenced in July 1886; and at the present
time it has a thoroughly established system of agencies in nearly every
272 Cyclopbdia of Insurancb
state in the Union. The United States Branch officials are: The New
England Trust Company, trustee: William D. Baldwin, Wm. Allen
Butler, John Lowell, Fk-i^nk G. Webster; advisory board: Henry M .
Rogers, John B. Thomas, Charles Francis Adams, and Chas. L. Edgar;
executive committee: Samuel Appleton, manager United States Branch,
Employers' Liability Building, 33 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. A
deposit of over $25,000,000 is at present maintained in various state
insurance departments and in the hands of the United States trustees
for the benefited protection of its policyholders. The annual premium
income of the United States brancn aggregates $22,000,000. The pru-
dent management of the corporation has established for it an enviable
reputation as being financially provident and conservative, and yet
liberal in all its dealings with the public. Admitted assets, December
31, 1 92 1, $30,202,021.99; total liabilities, $24,698,903.60.
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY INSURANCE. This claw of in-
surance, which originated in Great Britain, was first written in the
United States in 1866, as a rmilar business by the Employers' Lia-
bility Assurance Corporation of London. About 1889 both American
and foreign companies authorized to do a casualty business, or organ-
ized for the purpose, began to compete for this kind of insurance. In
its primary form it is the insurance of employers against liability for
injuries happening to their employees when actually enga^^ed in their
services; but the business has been extended to cover Uabilitv to per-
sons other than employees (technically public liability) ancl various
forms embracing both features have been devised; as, for example.
General Liability insurance. Elevator insurance, and Teams insurance.
The following is a statement of employers' liability business trans-
acted in 192 I :
^^ rTftlllllUlW Lo69CS
Compsniei Written Paid
Aetna Casualty $1,666,078 $998,766
Aetna Life 8,096.343 3.798,304
American Casualty 386.716 147*979
American Indemnity 314.784 270.842
Columbia Caaualty. N. Y 723.248 x 18.058
Commercial Casualty 1,825.834 1.231.424
Commonwealth Casualty 4x5.860 374.783
Continental Casualty x, 497 ,368 667.977
Employers Casualty, Texas 56.002 3.962
Employers Indemnity, Mo 29x,5o6 231,600
Eureka Casualty
Employer's Liability 7,330,605 3.341.927
Federal Surety. Iowa 37,230 4.334
Fidelity & Casualty 3.997 .4SO 2.073,611
General Accident 3.285.446 i.557.8o9
General Casualty and Surety 286.943 43 ,5 21
Georgia Casualty i. 01 8,735 70s ,068
Globe Indemnity 3.702,776 X.464.X45
Hartford Accident 3,568,532 x. 383. 142
Indemnity Ins. Co., North America, Phila. X.24X.675 170,764
Interstate Casualty 513.244 397,689
Iowa Bonding x6i,347 90,708
Kansas Casualty and Surety X80.626 XX3.734
London Guarantee 3.93X.632 i.7 39,6x5
London and Lancashire 692.912 506,16 x
Manufacturers Casualty, Pa x 14, 116 3X^S
Manufacturers Liability 382,884 2x3,662
LiFB AND Casualty Section 273
Premiums
Compenies Written Paid
Maryland Casualty $5*412,538 $3>X25.a76
Massachusetts Bonding 1,148,4x3 885.389
New Amsterdam Casualty 1,719,917 886,155
New Jersey 611,750 349.019
Norwich Union 112,643 41,274
Ocean Accident 4,183.193 3,055.535
Oregon Surety 50,788 13.090
Preferred Accident 1,719*360 816,980
Republic Casualty 329,006 139,602
Royal Indemnity 3,874*647 1,720,856
Southern Surety 755.269 324,377
Standard Accident 3,584,173 1,949.129
Travelers 12,189,768 4,971,922
Travelers Indemnity 107,489 15,819
Union Indemnity, La 945*123 398,618
United States Casualty ^ . 2,397.570 1,026,096
U. S. Fidelfty & Guarantee 6,107 ,68a 2,727,216
Zurich General 3,179,286 1,603,253
Total 1 921 $94,067,508 $44,730,656
Total X920 85,955.134 37.576,041
Total 1919 71,661,209 32,211,718
Total 1918 63,714,1x4 25,442,231
Total X917 51*347,243 23,838,679
EMPLOYERS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW
YORK, THE, New York, N. Y. Organized 1914. Edward A. Keeler.
president; Franklin Remington, Floyd M. Shoemaker, Wm. Beverly
Winslow, vice-president?; Geo. L. Robinson, treasurer; John M.
Bessey, general manager; James E. Wheelin, secretary; Office, 61
Broadway, N. Y.
ENDOWMENT. A term used in life insurance to indicate a
contract which, in addition to paying the sum named in the event the
holder dies, also provides that the identical sum will be paid to him if
he is alive at the completion of the period of years agreed upon — usu-
ally ten, fifteen, or twenty years. Tnese two results are achieved math-
ematically in old line insurance by combining the cost of term life
insurance with the requisite sum annually as an investment, which at
the assumed rate of interest will make the reserve at the end of the
endowment i>eriod equal to the face of the policy. As a matter of
fact, all life insurance policies based upon the principle of annually
accumulating reserves are endowment policies maturing at some defi-
nite period, the ordinary life policy being the easiest understood illus-
tration. The reserve under that contract equals its face at age ninety-
six and may be withdrawn in cash. Most participating companies
issue, in addition to their regular policy forms, others which provide
for the shortening of the endowment term by using annual dividends as
declared as premiums for the purchase of their equivalents in paid-
up endowments. These are known as " accelerative endowments,"
" life-rate endowments," and by other names.
THE EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF THE
UNITED STATES, New York, N. Y. Organized in July, 1859. As
then required by law the Society was incorporated with a minimum
capital of $100,000, the charter limiting dividends to stockholders to
274 Ctclopbdia of Insurance
3H per cent, semi-annually. In 19 17, the Society adopted a plan for
retiring its capital stock, which plan was approved by the directors,
stockholders and policyholders of the Society. Over q6 per cent, of the
votes cast by policyholders favored the plan. The plan was thereafter
approved by the Superintendent of Insurance of the State of New York
as required by law, and is now in effect. Under this plan the Society has
acquired 981 out of 1,000 shares of its capital stock, all of which have
been transferred to Trustees to be held by them in trust for the policy-
holders of the Society as provided by law until all of the capital stock is
acquired when it will be retired and the Society, which has always
transacted its business on the mutual plan, will be a purely mutual
company not only in fact but in a strictly technical sense. The validity
of this plan was attacked in certain litigations broueht against the
Society while the plan was awaiting the approval of the stockholders
and policyholders. This attack was not successful. On the contrary
the plan received the judicial sanction of the United States Circuit
Court of Appeals. As of I>ecember, 31, 1921, the Equitable had out-
standing insurance in force amounting to $2,817,970,732. The officers
are as follows: William A. Day, president; J. V. E. Westfall, vice-
president; A. R. Horr, financial vice-president and treasurer; William
E. Taylor, agency vice-president; Leon O. Fisher, second vice-president;
Robert Henderson, second vice-president and actuary; William J.
Graham, F. H. Davis, T. I. Parkinson, J. A. Stevenson, second vice-
presidents; William Alexander, secretary; A. E. Tuck, W. G. Schelker,
assistant secretaries; G. R. Brown, comptroller; T. H. Rockwell, medi-
cal director; £. E. Scott, auditor.
The development of the life insurance business during the past
half century has led to the adoption of numerous forms of policies
providing for the diverse requirements of the insurance public, and the
Equitable Life has always been alert in anticipating the public require-
ments by supplying every known legitimate form of life insurance. In
addition to the older forms of policies, embracing ordinary life, limited
payment life and endowment policies, the Equitable Life writes Group
Insurance, whereby an employer may provide protection in case of
death or disability for employees in groups, without individual medical
examination. Business Insurance, protecting the interests of individ-
uals, firms or corporations, in which the beneficiary controls the insur-
ance; Survivorship Annuity, guaranteeing an income for life to a depen-
dent, if the insured should die first. The company also issues policies
providing a fixed income at stipulated age, or immediately in case of
total disability, following small annual deposits during the productive
period of life; also Endowment Annuity at age 65, securing an income
tor life, beginning at that age, with monthly income to beneficiary
for ten years, if the insured should die before attaining the age 65.
Other forms of annuities include life annuities in consideration of a
payment of a single sum, refund annuities, deferred, joint and survivor-
ship annuities.
EQUITABLE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF IOWA,
Des Moines, la. Organized 1867; capital, $500,000. H. S. Nollen,
president; F. C. Hubbell, vice-president; J. C. Cummins, executive
Life and Casualty Section 275
adviser; B. F. Hadley, second vice-president and secretary; H. £.
Aldrich, vice-president and superintendent of agents; F. W. Hubbell,
vice-president and treasurer; Robertson G. Hunter, second vice-
president and actuary; R. C. McCankie, assistant actuary; H. S.
JoHnson, assistant secretary; S. A. Swisher, Jr., assistant secretary;
Griff Johnson, assistant treasurer; Fred L. Wells, medical director;
George Cullen, assistant medical director; Clyde Kirk, counsel.
EQUITABLE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington, D. C Oraanized 1902;
capital, $120,000. Henry P. Blair, president; Joseph Sanders, vice-
president; William A. Bennett, vice-president and superintendent of
agencies; Allen C. Clark, secretary and treasurer; Gilbert A. Clark,
actuary.
EQUITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Great Falls, Mon-
tana. Organized 1916. W. M. Burlingame, president; H. G. Dyer,
vice-president; C. W. Cleveland, secretary and treasurer; H. A. Reeve,
assistant secretary; G. W. Massy, Jr., superintendent of agencies.
EQUITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Neb.
Organized 1921. A. S. Sorenson, president; Guy A. Collard, vice-
president; Guy H. Fumess, secretary; Paul H. Havens, treasurer.
EUREKA CASUALTY COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa. Orcan-
ized 191 5; capital, $200,000. E. B. Creighton, president; J. L. Ham-
mer, secretary.
EUREKA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore, Md.
Organized 1882. J. C. Maginnis, president; Joshua N. Warfield, Jr.,
vice-president; Edward Plummer, second vice-president; Jos. H.
Leishear, Jr., secretary and treasurer; Dr. J. Howard Iglehart, medical
director.
EUROPEAN GENERAL REINSURANCE COMPANY, THE,
LTD., London, Eng. Fester, Fothergill and Hartung, United States
managers, 1 10 William Street , New York.
EXCHANGE MUTUAL INDEMNITY INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Buffalo, N. Y. Organized 191 a. E. G. Trimble, president;
John H. Brogan, vice-president and general counsel; Lynton T. Block,
vice-president; J. J. Bresnahan, secretary; Wm. T. Whitbeck, treasurer;
B. H. Rathmann, E. A. Guest, assistant secretaries.
EXPECTATION OF LIFE. As employed in connection with
insurance, it is the mean number of future years which individuals
at any BpedBtd age may be expected to live.
EXPRESSMEN'S MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION, 136
Liberty Street, New York. N. Y. Organized, 1869. E. A. Stedman
president; W. E. Scott, secretary.
F
FACTORY MUTUAL LIABILITY INSURANCE COMPANY
OF AMERICA, Providence, R. I. Commenced business January,
192 1. A. T. Vigneron, president and treasurer; Frank N. Phillips
vice-president; Herbert B. Vigneron, vice-president and assistant
treasurer, Henry W. Anderson, secretary; John D. McLeod, assistant
secretary.
FARMERS AND BANKERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Wichita, Kan. Organized 19 10; capital, $275,000. H. K. Lindsley,
president; J. H. Stewart, vice-president; £. B. Jewett, secretary and
treasurer; Frank B. Jacobshagen, assistant secretary; John L. Evans,
medical director.
FARMERS AND TRADERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Syracuse, N. Y. Organized 191 2; capital, $300,000. Thos. O. Young,
president; C. H. Dildine, F. H. Gates, L. J. Taber, John N. Ham, W.
W. Stevens, Albert Manning, vice-presidents; Otis P. Grant, secretary
and actuary; Wing R. Smith, treasurer; Wm. C. Lennie, superinten-
dent of agencies; Joseph C. Palmer, M. D., medical director.
FARMERS AND BREEDERS LIVE STOCK INSURANCE
COMPANY, Danville, 111. Organized 1920; capital, $100,000. Wm.
Ryan, Jr., president; J. W. Meitzler, secretary; H. C. Naylor, general
manager.
FARMERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA.
Denver, Col. Organized 191 1; capital, $100,377. E. M. Ammons,
President; B. M. Stackhouse, secretary; J. H. Orr, treasurer; G. L.
rewen, assistant secretary; J. £. Kenney, medical director, H. A.
Hicks, general counsel.
FARMERS LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Des
Moines, Iowa. The company was placed in a receivers hands in 1922.
FARMERS NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF
AMERICA, Chicago, 111. Organized 1912; capital, $200,000. John
M. Stahl, president; J. W. Williams, first vice-president; C. F. San-
ford, second vice-president; W. L. Ames, third vice-president; B. F,
Biliter, secretary; John R. Pearce, treasurer; Wm. R. Presnall, assis-
tant treasurer and assistant secretary;^ Wm. E. Swift, assistant secre-
tary; S. C. Stanton, M.D., medical director; Marcus Gunn, actuary.
FEDERAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Detroit, Mich. Organ-
ized 1906; capital, $200,000. V. D. Cliff, president; A. L. Clotfelter,
vice-president; M. M. Cliff, secretary.
Life and Casualty Section 277
FEDERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago, 111.
Organized 1900; capital, $300,000. Isaac Miller Hamilton, presi-
dent; C. A. Atkinson, vice-president and general counsel; W. E.
Brimstin, secretary; O. E. Merley, treasurer; A. H. Laub, assistant
treasurer; L. D. Cavanaugh, actuary and assistant secretary; A. R.
Thompson, assistant actuary and assistant secretary; Dr. F. L. B.
Jenney, medical director; George Barmore, si^)erintendent of agents.
FEDERAL MUTUAL LIABILITY INSURANCE COMPANY,
142 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass. Organized and began business in
1907. Charles B. Jopp, president; Ira G. Hersey, vice-president;
J. Waldo Bond, general manager; Wm. M. Burch, secretary; Frank E.
White, assistant secretary; Wm. G. Barnes, treasurer; Walter H.
Thompson, assistant secretary; J. Frank Scannell, counsel. Compen-
sation and liability business.
FEDERAL RESERVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Kansas City, Kansas. Organized 1920: cash capital |200,ooo. Wal-
ter L. Payne, president; M. G. Vincent, vice-president; R. H. Muzzy,
J. H. Lower, Angus McDonald and F. G. Bergen, vice-presidents;
D. H. Holt, secretary and treasurer; C. C. Nesselode, medical director,
G. D. Burdett, assistant secretary; V. B. Holt, assistant treasurer.
FEDERAL SURETY COMPANY, Davenport, Iowa. Organ-
ized 1920. Charles Shuler, president; W. L. Taylor, vice-president
and general manager; Dr. G. E. Decker, vice-president; Frank B.
Yctter, secretary and treasurer; C. H. Mahan and Herman Staak,
assistant secretaries.
FEDERAL UNION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. Organized 19 14; capital, $250,000. Frank M. Peters,
president and manager of agjencies; George F. Schott, vice-president;
Orvilles K. Jones, vice-president and general counsel; Carl Slough,
secretary; D. W. Craig, treasurer; Dr. E. O. Smith, medical director.
FIDELITY AND CASUALTY COMPANY OF NEW YORK,
THE, 92 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y. Organized 1876; capital,
$2,000,000. Robert J. Hillas, president; Theodore E. Gaty, vice-
president and secretary; Charles C. Nadal, Allan J. Ferres, W. P.
Learned, Wm. J. Johnson, Edward C. Lunt, Wm. H. Boehm, Dr. C. V.
Everitt and Nelson D. Sterling, vice-presidents; George W. Allen,
C. L. Newmiller, Walter McK. Hillas, and Hale Anderson, assistant
secretaries.
FIDELITY AND DEPOSIT COMPANY OF MARYLAND,
Baltimore, Md. Organized 1890; capital, $3,000,000. Van-Lear Black,
chairman of the board; E. A. Hamilton, vice-chairman of the Board;
Thomas A. Whelan, president; Charles R. Miller, vice-president;
Robert S. Hart, vice president and secretary; Roland Benjamin,
treasurer.
278 Cyclopedia of Insurance
FIDELITY HEALTH AND ACCIDENT COMPANY, Ben-
ton Harbor, Mich. Organized 190^. £. C. Bowlby, president and
manager; E. C. Edmunds, vice-president; A. R. Arford, secretary and
treasurer.
FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE,
Philadelphia, Pa. Incorporated under laws of Pennsylvania, 1878.
Chartered to do a mutual life business. Walter LeMar Talbot, presi-
dent; F. X. Quinn, vice-president; Charles G. Hodge, secretary;
Samuel J. Steele, treasurer; J. Russell Sykes, comptroller and assistant
treasurer; J. B. Franks, actuary; H. Gordon Hurd, assistant actuary;
George H. Wilson, general attorney; Chas. J. R. Sproule, assistant
secretary; Frank H. Sykes, manager of agencies; Dr. Wm. H. E.
Wehner, medical director; Dr. C. A. Vandervoort, assistant medical
director; Insurance in force, $222,815,106; paid to policyholders
since organization, $63,380,119.45; assets, $47,510,589; liabilities,
$451605,745. Every approved claim was paid by January i, 192 1.
FIDELITY UNION CASUALTY COMPANY, Dallas, Texas.
Organized 1920; cash capital, $200,000. C. P. Collins, president;
E. G. Trimble and G. H. Chatfield, vice-presidents; A. A. Frierson,
secretary and treasurer.
FIRST NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Pierre.
S. Dak. Organized 1909. Reorganized 1919; capital, $250,000.
Byron S. Payne, president; A. W. Ewart, C. A. Howard, vice-presi-
dents; C. W. Martindale, secretary; W. E. Miller, actuary and treas-
urer; W. O. Hoogestraat, assistant secretary; W. I. Fraser, director of
agents; T. H. Riggs, medical director.
FIRST TEXAS PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Galveston, Tex. Organized 1910; capital, paid in, $100,000. I. H.
Kempner president; B. J. Cunningham, vice-president; T. E. Flick,
secretary and treasurer.
FLORIDA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1873-1922.
The laws of Florida designate the state treasurer, comptroller and
attorney-general, who are elected by the people, for four years, as the
board of insurance commissioners. No extra compensation is al-
lowed, except a fee of $5 to the state treasurer for the license issued
to each insurance company authorized to transact business in the
state.
John C. Luning is the present state treasurer.
FLY-WHEEL INSURANCE. This form of insurance is written
by only a few companies, and covers all direct loss or damage to prop-
erty, as well as loss of life or bodily injuries to any person, and may be
extended to cover loss of total profits or income due to total or partial
destruction of premises or plant, as a result of the explosion, burstix^
or breaking of any fly-wheel or other wheel. The following is a state*
ment of the business in 192 1 :
LiFB AND Casualty Section 279
Premiumt
Companiet Written Paid
Aetna Casualty $85,274 $81,691
Columbia Casualty 102,429 54
Employers' Liability ... .... 90,645 41.363
European Accident
Fidelity and Casualty 139.902 47.536
Globe Indemnity 4.348 5.473
Hartford Accident 6,112 4
Hartford Steam Boiler 393.266 135.860
Indemnity Ins. Co., of North America .... 3.763
London Guarantee 94.362 14,664
Maryland Casualty 59.424 40,985
Ocean Accident 138,733 9.379
Royal Indemnity 132.999 12,443
Travelers Indemnity 83,946 34.621
Total 192 1 $1,335,203 $424,073
Total 1920 1,713.832 351,508
Total 1919 924.743 84.647
FORT WORTH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Fort Worth,
Tex. Oreanized 1906; capital, $108,010. N. H. Lassiter, president;
Dr. J. \V. Irion, vice-president and medical director; P. V. Mont-
gomery, vice-president, actuary and general manager; S. H. Weather-
ford, secretary; J. W. Spencer, vice-president; F. E. McGonagUl,
superintendent of agents.
FRANKLIN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Springfield, 111.
Organized 1884; capital, $100,000. George B. Stadden, president;
Henry Abels, vice-president; H. M. Merriam, vice-president; Will
Taylor, secretary; Edgar S. Barnes, treasurer; F. R. Jordan, actuary;
Dr. O. F. Maxon, medical director; Jos. W. Jones, agency director,
Herman Abels, assistant secretary,
FRATERNAL BENEFICIARY ORDERS. These organizations
are in theory formed and carried on for the sole benefit of their members
and their beneficiaries, and not for profit. They have a lodge system,
with ritualistic work and representative form of government. They
make provision for payment of benefits in case of death by assessments
or dues collected irom their members. Some also provide for the
payment of benefits in case of sickness, or temporary physical disabil-
ity as a result either of disease, accident or old age.
The principle of co-operation is the corner-stone of these organ-
izations. In its simplest expression it involved the collection on the
death of a member of a uniform sum from each of the survivors,
and the payment of the total thus gathered to the beneficiary of the
decreased. The labor of makine the collection was given as a fra-
ternal act by a brother chosen for the office. The election of a new
member to nil the place of the deceased was supposed to be sufficient
to secure a uniform benefit, and perpetuate the life of the order. The
principle found expression in the guilds or confraternities of Europe
as early as the eleventh centuiy. But this primitive form, though
holding the basic principle of all fratemalism, was long since outgrown.
Tlie principle, however, is of abiding value to mankind. It found con-
280 Cyclopedia of Insurance
genial soil in the Masonic organizations and in the order of Odd Fel-
lows before it was developed into the fraternal beneficiary orders of
the present day.
The first roan who recognized the possibilities of its broader appli-
cation, and embodied it in a fraternal order, was John Jordan Up-
church, who founded upon it in 1868 the Ancient Order of United
Workmen. It was he who adapted the lodge system of ritualistic
work to co-operative relief on a large scale. Since he blazed the way
many orders have appeared, di£Fering somewhat in the amount of
benefit and rate of assessment and in the method of collecting and dis-
bursing the funds, but retaining the lodge system and social fra-
ternal features.
During the decade from 1880 to 1890 the multiplication of th^
orders in the United States was most prolific. The eleventh census
reported that on December 31, 1889, there were in the United States
208 orders with 40,342 subordinate branches or lodges. The number
of these orders afterwards decreased. Nearly all the older orders
were members of the National Fraternal Congress, while the younger
orders were grouped in the Associated Fraternities of America. The
two orders amalgamated in 19 13 under the name of the National Fra-
ternal Congress of America. The societies have two classes of member-
ship, bench t and social members, and the total benefit members on
January i, 1922, were 9,055,555, and the total membership, 19,050,209;
including 19^,101 juvenile members, with 124,081 lodges. The total
insurance in force was $10,239,916,788. The insurance written in 1921,
was $1,156,363,591, and the benefits paid, $113,255,420. The total
assets January i, 1922, amounted to $477,414,142, and the liabilities,
including $66,632,694 of reserves, $93,993,749- (For a review of the
earlier plans and purposes of Fraternals see the Cyclopedia of Insurance
for 1897-98.)
Nearly all the orders organized prior to 1895, on the old assess-
ment lines, found their rates inadequate, and gradually changed their
methods both of assessing and collecting rates. The National Fra-
ternal Confess in 1899 adopted the form of a legislative act, the pur-
pose of which was to enforce rates and rules that would enable the orders
to meet their engagements with members at maturity. This act
became a law in several states, but did not meet the needs of the situ-
ation, and the question of adequate rates, as well as a table of mortal-
ity on which to base rates, was a subject of much controversy. The
discussion resulted in the whole question of legislative control and
regulation of fraternal orders being taken up, and after reF>eated con-
ferences a measure providing for the regulation of fraternal associa-
tions was finally drafted and received the endorsement of the two
organizations.
The law known as the New York Conference Bill, which modi-
fied the Mobile Bill, is in force in Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho,
Indiana, Rhode Island, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, North
Carolina, North Dakota, Tennesee, Texas, Wyoming, Georgia, Louisi-
ana, Massachusetts, Montana, Mississippi, California, Kentucky,
Missouri, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, Arkansas, Alabama, Washington,
1-iFE AND Casualty Section 281
Colorado, South Dakota, Ohio, New Mexico, and Canada. The law
is in force in Maryland but without the valuation sections, and the
laws of Wisconsin and Pennyslvania require valuation, but not as a test
of solvency The states of Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Min-
nesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Vermont and West Virginia do not require valuation.
The old fraternal bill, which omits the valuation requirement, but
requires adequate rates, is in force in Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, Okla-
homa and Vermont. In Ohio the Mobile bill is practically in force,
while in Nevada there is no law regulating fraternals.
The laws of the following states permit fraternals also to insure a
member's children, or to issue " whole family protection ** as it has
come to be called: Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michi-
gan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio,
Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, Alabama, Arkansas,
California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota,
Mississippi, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Montana, New
Mexico, South Dakota, Colorado, Georgia, and Connecticut. In
Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisianna, Mississippi, Nebraska,
New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon and West Virginia sick benefits are
also allowed.
The following is a list of the principal societies, their location,
date of organization, benefit membership, and number of subordi-
nate lodges on January i, 1922:
American Insurance Union, Columbus, Ohio. Organized 1894; membership,
X06.658; subordinate lodges, 973; insurance in force, $111,113,967.
American Woodmen, Denver, Col. Organized 1901; membership, 52,632;
subordinate lodges, 493; insurance in force, $24,719,850.
Ancient Order of Gleaners, Detroit, Mich. Organized 1894; membership, 64,831
subordinate lodges, 1,324; insurance in force, $56,601,970.
Artisans Order of Mutual Protection, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1873; mem-
bership, 20,910; subordinate lodges, 74; insurance in force, $32,984,000.
Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity, Madison, Wis. Organized 1902; member-
ship, x8,88i; subordinate lodges, 401; insurance in force, $18,359,400.
Brotherhood of American Yeomen, Des Moines, la. Organized 1897; mem-
bership, 267,189; subordinate lodges, 3i697; insurance in force, $343.756,500.
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Cleveland, Ohio. Organized 1883; mem-
bership, 163,456; subordinate lodges, 949; insurance in force, $243,828,200.
Canadian Order of Chosen Friends, Hamilton, Ont. Organized 1887; member-
ship, 26,376; subordinate lodges, 526; insurance in force, $23,645,843.
Canadian Order of Foresters, Brantford, Ont. Organized 1879; membership,
77.068; subordinate lodges, 1,185; insurance in force, $76,898,500.
Catholic Benevolent Legion, Brooklyn, N. Y. Organized 1881; membership,
10,550; subordinate lodges, 289; insurance in force, $10,791,500.
Catholic Knights of America, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1887; membership,
18.928; subordinate lodges, 468; insurance in force, $19,118,538.
Catholic Order of Foresters, Chicago, 111. Organized 1883; membership, 160,587;
subordinate lodges, 1,746; insurance in force, $159,589,500. *
Columbian Mutual Life Assurance Society, Memphis, Tenn. Organized 1903;
membership, 23,129; subordinate lodges, 901; insurance in force, $31,003,331.
Court of Honor Life Association, Springfield, 111. Organized 1895; membership,
67,801; subordinate lodges, 1,028; insurance in force, $79,743,528.
Daughters of America, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1907; membership, 95,39i;
subordinate lodges, 917; insurance in force, $23,947,750.
£>egree of Honor, Superior Lodge, St. Paul, Minn. Organized 1896; member-
ship, 54*372; subordinate lodges, 1,133; insurance in force, $52,953,306.
282 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Equitable Fraternal Union. Neenah. Wis. Organized 1897; membership, 30,048;
subordinate lodges, 520; insurance in force, $38,300,950.
Fraternal Aid Union, Lawrence, Kan. Organized 1890; membership, 77t46s:
subordinate lodges, i,86a; Insurance in force, $85,236,567.
Fraternal Brotherhood, Los Angeles, Cal. Organized 1896; membership, 27.499;
subordinate lodges, 282; insurance in force, $23,081 ,089.
Fraternal Home Insurance Society, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1885; member-
ship, 19.174; subordinate lodges, 28^; insurance in force, $12,379,829.
German Beneficial Union; Pittsburgh, Pa. Organised 1892; membership,
48,06s; subordinate lodgea 387: insurance In force, $32,731,050.
Heralds of Liberty, Philadelphia, Fa. Organized 1901; memberahip, 22,208;
subordinate lodges, 215; insurance in force, $15,298,200.
Homesteaders, The, Des Moines, la. Organized 1906; membership, 24,751;
subordinate lodges. 556; insurance in force, $37,587,000.
Independent Order Brith Abraham, New York, N. V. Organized 1887; mem-
bership, 146,569; subordinate lodges, 390; insurance in force, $73,284,500.
Independent Order of Foresters, Toronto, Ont. Organized 1874; membership,
I73.654J subordinate lodges, 3.191; insurance in force, $169,658,075.
Kmghts of Columbus, New Haven, Conn. Organized 1882; membership, 219,503;
subordinate lodges, 2,200; insurance in force, $236,613,862.
Knights of Pythias, Supreme Lodge, Indiaxiapolis, Ind. Organized 1887; mem-
bership, 83,724: subordinate lodges, 4.a37; insurance in force, $xx 2,148,943.
Knights or St. George, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized x88x; membership, 23,675;
subordinate lodges, 299; insurance in force. $15,517,254
Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Association, Erie, Pa. Organized 1890; member-
ship, 119,176; subordinate lodges, 1,247; insurance in force, $94,362,903.
Ladies of The Maccabees, Port Huron, Mich. Organized 1886; membership.
45.775; subordinate lodges. 856; insurance in force, $33,760,750.
L'Union St. Jean-Baptiste d'Amerique, Woonsocket, - R. I. Organized 1900;
membership, 41.526; subordinate lodges, 330; insurance in force. $18,837,875.
L'Union St. Joseph du Canada, Ottawa, Can. Organized 1863; memberahip,
22,003; subordinate lodges, 640; insuran£t in force, $17,571,065.
Maccabees, The, Detroit, Mich. Org^iized 1883; membership 275^421; sub-
ordinate lodges, 4,787; insurance in force, $327,229,182.
Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters, Boston, Mass. Organised 1879;
membership. 52.425; subordinate lodges, 251; insurance in force, $52,425,000.
Modern Brotherhood of America, Mason City, la. Organized 1897; member-
ship, 49,685; subordinate lodges, 1,282; insurance in force, $57.374wi5i.
Modem Order of Praetorians, Dallas, Tex. Organized 1899; membership,
36,604; subordinate lodges, 656; insurance in force, $44,705,742.
Modern Woodmen of America, Rock Island, 111. Organized 1883; membership.
X.053.105; subordinate lodges, 13.909; insurance in force, $1,612,347,500.
Mystic Workers of the World, Fulton, 111. Organized 1896; membership, 77,777.
subordinate lodges, 973; insurance in force, $91,889,790.
National Croatian Society of the U. S. A. Pittsburgh, Pa. Organised 1894;
membership. 37,818; subordinate lodges, 403; insurance in force, $29,490,800.
National Protective Legion, Waverly, N. Y. Organized 1890; membership,
19.302; subordinate lodges. 394; insurance in force, $11,770,363.
National Slovak Society, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 1890; membership, 38,955;
subordinate lodges, 558; insurance in force, $29,159,580.
National Union, Toledo, Ohio. Organized 1881; membership, 38,343: subor-
dinate lodges, 336; insurance in force. $63,899,580.
New England Order of Protection, Boston, Mass. Organized 1887; member-
ship, 26,384; subordinate lodges, 328; insurance in force, $29,639,500.
New Era Association, Grand Rapids, Mich. Organized 1897; membership,
37,627; subordinate lodges. 324; insurance in force, $43,119,500.
Order Brith Abraham (United States Grand Lodge), New York, N. Y. Organ-
ized 1859; membership, 17,434; subordinate lodges, 210; insurance in force, $8,642,-
Soo; .
Order of Railway Conductors of America (mutual benefit department). Cedar
Rapids, la. Organized 1868; membership, 55,459; subordinate lodges, 674; insurance
in force, $102,840,000.
Order of Scottish Clans, Boston, Mass. Organized 1878; membership, 19,022;
subordinate lodges, 168; insurance in force, $10,772,850.
Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, Chicago, 111. Organized 1887; mem-
bership, 78,765; subordinate lodges, 921 ; insurance in force, $48,694,250.
Life and Casualty Section 283
Progressive Order of the West, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1896; membership,
12,775; subordinate lodges, 93; insurance in force, $6,387,500.
Protected Home Circle, Sharon, Pa. Organized 1886; membership, 121,540;
subcHtlinate lodges, 541; insurance in force, $104,264,080.
Royal Arcanum, Boston, Mass. Organized 1877; membership, 130,815; sub-
ordinate lodges, 1,348; insurance in force, $2x1,289,834.
Royal Highlanders, Lincoln, Neb. Organized 1896; membership, 21,928; sub-
ordinate lodges, 389; insurance in force, $30,077,000.
Royal League, Chicago, 111. Organized 1883; membership, 23,342; subordinate
lodges, 188; insurance in force, $29,236,750.
Royal Neighbors of America, Rock Island, 111. Organized 1895; membership,
395*433; subordinate lodges. 7*211; insurance in force, $394*407.250.
Supreme Tribe Ben Hur, Crawfordsville, Ind. Organized 1894; membership,
70,370; subordinate lodges, 1,026; insurance in force, $72,740,730.
United American Mechanics, Jr. Order (funeral benefit department), Pittsburgh,
Pa. Organized 1901; membership, 263,994; subordinate lodges, 2,433; insurance in
force, $117,283,750.
United Artisans, Portland, Ore. Organized 1894; membership, 17,512; subor-
dinate lodges, 254; insurance in force, $19.1 i3>6oo.
Women's Benefit Association of the Maccabees, Port Huron, Mich. Organized
1892; membership, 233,114; subordinate lodges, 2,631; insurance in force, $184,773*-
884.
Women's Catholic Order of Foresters, Chicago, 111. Organized 1891 ; membership,
83*542; subordinate lodges, 1,162; insurance in force, $78,940,200.
Woodmen's Cirde, Omaha, Neb. Organized 1895; membership, 143,125; sub-
ordinate lodges, 4,214; insurance in force, $I42,850,^5<
Woodmen of the World, Omaha, Neb. Organized 1890; membership, 542,510;
subordinate lodges, 9*597 ; insurance in force, $693*071.1 7 1<
Woodmen oi the World, Pacific Jurisdiction, Denver, Col. Organized 1690;
memberBhip, 135*8x7; subordinate lodges, 780; insurance in force, $21,998,900.
Workmen's CixtJe, New York, N. Y. Organized 1900; membership, 83,106;
subordinate lodges, 693; insurance in force, $22,136,600.
Workmen's Sick and Death Benefit of the U. S. A., New York, N. Y. Organ-
izcd 1884; membership, 53*514; subordinate lodges, 345; insurance in force, $13, 378,-
500.
The Ancient Order of United Workmen is composed of distinct state
or^nizations in Arkansas, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South
Dakota, Texas, West Virginia and Washington. The total benefit
membership on January i, 1922, was 150,465, and the subordinate
lodges numbered 2,096, and insurance in force amounted to $219,862,749.
There are one hundred and two smaller orders, whose individual mem-
bership is less than fifteen thousand, and there are several organiza-
tions, which do not furnish insurance as a special feature. The follow-
ing are the leading societies with their membership: Ancient Order
Free and Accepted Masons, membership (United States and Canada),
2,401,294, Independent Order Odd Fellows, (United States), Knights
of Pythias, 828,440; Foresters of America, 160,742; Order of Recha-
bites, 1,105,000; Loyal Order of Moose, 595,805; Red Men, 500,000;
Order of Owls, 574,786; Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, 818,-
000; Order of Eagles, 427,038; Ancient Order of Druids, 335,000;
(American, 35,000). Hibernians, 225,000; Foresters of America, 160,-
742; Sons of America, 254,335; Order of Orioles, 143,000; Knights of
the Golden Eagle, 73,110; Knights of Malta, Ancient and Illustrious
Order, 65,000. The total membership in such orders, which includes
besides those named above, such orders as the Boy Scouts, Grand Army
of the Republic, Sons of Veterans, etc., is 20,595,226.
Both the Mobile bill and the New York Conference bill define
" fraternal benefit societies " as '* any corporation, society, order or
284 Cyclopedia of Insurance
voluntary association, without capital stock, organized and carried on
solely for the mutual benefit .of its members and their beneficiaries,
and not for profit, and having a lodge system with ritualistic form of
work and representative form of government " and which shall make
provision for the payment of benefits in accordance with Section five
of the act.
The laws also define " lodge system " and " representative form
of government " in the following words:
Section a. (Lodge lyttem). Any society having a nipreme governing or
legislative body and subordinate lodges or branches by whatever name known, into
which members shall be elected, initiated and admitted in accordance with its con-
stitution, laws, rules, regulations and prescribed ritualistic ceremonies, wfaidi subordi-
nate lodges or brandies shall be required by the laws of such society to hold regular
or stated meetings at least once in each month, shall be deemed to be operating on the
lodge system.
Section 3. Representative form of government. Any such society shall be
deemed to have a representative form of government when it shall provide in its con-
stitution and laws for a supreme legislative or governing body, comixiaed oi repre-
sentatives elected either by the members or by delegates elected directly or indirectly
by the members, together with such other members as may be prescribed by its con-
stitution and laws: Provided, That the elective members shall constitute a majority
in number and have not less than two-thirds of the votes nor leas than the votes re-
quired to amend its constitution and laws: And provided further. That the meetings
of the supreme or governing body, and the election of officers, representatives or dele-
gates idiail be held as often as once in four years. The members, officers, representa-
tives or delegates of a fraternal benefit society shall not vote by proxy.
Section five referred to in the definition of fraternal benefit soci-
eties, quoted above, reads as follows:
Section 5. Every society transacting business under this act shall provide for
the payment of death benefits, and may provide for the payment of benefits in case
of temporary or permanent physical disability, either as the result of disease, accident
or old age: Provided. The period of life at which the pasrment of benefits for diaabil-
ty on account of old age shall commence, shall not be under seventy year*, and may
provide for monuments or tombstones to the memory of its deceased members, and
for the payment of last sickness and funeral benefits. Such society shall have the
power to give a member, when permanently disabled or on attaining the age of aev-
enty, all. or such portion of the face value of bis certificate as the laws of the society
may provide: Provided. That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as
to prevent the issuing of benefit certificates for a term of years less than the whole
of life which are paysLole upon the death or disability of the member occurring within
the term for which the benefit .certificate may be issued. Such society shaU, upon
written application of the member, have the power to accept a part of the periodical
contributions in cash, amd charge the remainder, not exceeding one-half of the period-
ical contribution, against the certificate with interest payable or compounded anna-
ally at a rate not lower than four per cent per annum: Provided, That this priviU^ee
shall not be granted except to societies which have readjusted or may hereafter read-
just their rates of contributions, and to contracts affected by such rouliustment.
Any society which shall show by the annual valuation provided
for that it is accumulating and maintaining the reserve necessary to
enable it to do so may grant to its members extended and paid-up
protection or such withdrawal equities as its constitution and by-laws
may provide. The reserves must be accumulated, however, under a
table of mortality not lower than the American Experience Table and
four per cent interest, and it is further provided that such grants shall
in no case exceed in value the portion of the reserve to the credit of
such members to whom they are made.
Life and Casualty Section 285
The payment of death benefits under each of the bills is restricted
to " wife» husband, relative by blood to the fourth degree, father-in-
law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, step-father, step-
mother, step-children, children by l^al adoption, or to a person or
persons dependent upon the member, ' or, if after the issuance of the
original certificate " the member shall become dependent upon an in-
corporated charitable institution he shall have the privilege with the
consent of the society of making such institution his beneficiary."
Any society may admit to beneficial membership any person not
less than sixteen and not more than sixty years of age who shall be
examined by a legally qualified physician and in accordance with the
laws of the society.
Seven or more persons may organize a society, by filing notice of
intention, giving names of society and its officers and purpose of the
organization with the insurance commissioner, who, if he is satisfied
that all provisions of the law have been complied with, may issue a certi-
ficate of authority to the society to solicit members and complete its
organization, and the society shall collect from each applicant the
amount of not less than one regular monthly payment. '' But no such
society shall incur any liability other than for such advanced payments,
nor issue any benefit certificate nor pay or allow, or offer or promise to
pay or allow, to any person any death or disability benefit until actual
bona fide applications for death benefit certificates have been secured
upon at least five hundred lives for at least one thousand dollars each,
and all such applicants for death benefits shall have been regularly
examined by legally qualified practicing physicians, and certificates of
such examintaions have been duly filed and approved by the chief
medical examiner of such society, nor until there shall be established
ten subordinate lodges or branches into which said five hundred appli-
<:ants have been initiated," nor until there has been submitted to the
insurance commissioner the names of the applicants and of the sub-
ordinate lodges, and " amount of benefits to be granted, rate of stated
periodical contributions which shall be sufficient to provide for meeting
the mortuary obligations, contracted, when val'ied for death benefits
upon the basis the National Fraternal Congress Table of Mortal-
ity, as adopted by the National Fraternal Congress August 23, 1899,
or any higher standard at the option of the society, and for disability
benefits by tables based upon reliable experience and for combined
death and permanent total disability benefits by tables based upon
reliable experience, with an interest assumption not higher than tour
per cent per annum, nor until it shall be shown to the insurance com-
missioner by the sworn statement of the treasurer, or corresponding
officer of such society, that at least five hundred applicants have each
paid in cash at least one regular monthly payment as herein provided
per one thousand dollars of indemnity to be affected, which payments
in the aggregate shall amount to at least twenty-five hundred dollars,
all of which shall be credited to the mortuary or disability fund on ac-
count of such applicants, and no part of which may be used for ex-
penses." (Section 12). No preliminary certificate granted shall be
valid after one year from date, or after such further period, not ex-
ceeding one year, as may be granted by the commissioner, and unless
286
Cyclopedia of Insurance
the five hundred applicants have been secured, and the organization
completed, the articles of incorporation shall become null and void.
Societies are required to appoint the insurance commissioner attorney
for service of process, and are required to make annual reports to the
insurance commissioner on or before March i.
The valuation provided for ** shall not be considered or regarded
as a test of the financial solvency of the society, but each society shall
be held to be legally solvent so long as the funds in its possession are
equal to or in excess of its matured liabilities."
NATIONAL FRATERNAL CONGRESS TABLE OF MORTALITY
Number
Number
Yearly
Probability
Yearly
Insurance
Yearly
Cost dia-
Expec-
AveiBce
Age
of
of
Coat per
St. 000
counted at
tation of
DuratMMi
Living
lOOOOO
Dying
of Dying
4 per cent.
Life
of Life
30
500
.0050000
5.000
4.808
45.6
49.7
ax
99500
501
.0050352
5.035
4.841
44.9
48.8
aa
98999
50a
.0050708
S071
4.876
44.x
47^
23
98497
503
.0051068
5.107
4.91 X
43.3
47.0
24
97994
505
.0051534
5.154
4-956
42.5
46.1
25
97489
507
.0050206
5.301
5.001
41. 8
45.2
a6
9698a
Sio
.0052587
S.259
S.057
41.0
44-3
27
96472
S13
.0053176
5.318
5.113
40.3
43.4
a8
95957
S17
.0053877
5.388
5. 181
39.4
42.S
29
95442
5aa
.0054693
5.469
5.359
38.6
4X.6
30
94920
537
.0055520
5-552
5.338
37.8
40.7
31
94393
533
.0056466
5.647
5.430
37.0
39.8
32
93860
540
.0057532
5-7^^
S.532
36.3
38.9
33
93320
548
.0058723
5.872
5-646
35.4
38.0
34
92772
557
.0060040
6.004
5.773
34.6
37.1
35
92215
567
.0061487
6.149
5.912
33.9
36.3
36
91648
578
.0063067
6.307
^.064
33.1
35.3
37
91070
591
.0064895
6.490
6.249
32.3
34-4
38
90479
606
.0066977
6.698
6.410
6.655
31.S
33.5
39
89873
622
.0069200
6.920
30.7
32.6
40
89251
640
660
.0071708
7.171
6.895
29.9
31.7
41
8861 1
.0074483
7.448
7.162
39.x
30.9
42
87951
683
.0077657
7.766
7-467
38.3
30.0
43
87268
708
.0081129
8. 113
7.801
29.S
29.x
44
86560
734
.0084797
8.480
8.154
36.8
38.3
45
85286
761
.0088668
8.867
8.536
36.0
37.4
46
8506s
790
.0092870
9.287
8.930
35.3
26.5
47
84275
822
.0097538
9.754
9-379
24-4
35.6
48
83453
857
.0102693
10.369
9.874
33.7
a4.8
49
82596
894
.0108238
10.824
10.408
33.9
23.9
50
81702
935
.0114440
11.444
11.004
33.2
33>X
51
80767
981
.0121460
12.146
11.679
31.4
22.3
52
70786
1029
.0128970
13.897
13.400
30.7
2X.4
53
78757
1083
.0137512
13-751
13.333
19.9
20.6
54
77674
1 140
.0146767
14.677
14.II3
X9.3
19.8
55
76534
1202
.0157054
15-705
15-IOI
1 8.5
19.0
56
75332
1270
.0168587
16.859
16.3 1 r
X7.8
18.3
57
74062
1342
.0181200
18.120
17.423
17.x
17.4
58
72720
MI8
.0194994
19.499
18.749
16.4
16.6
59
71302
I5OI
.0210513
ai.051
30.341
15.7
X5.8
60
69801
1588
.0227504
33.750
31.875
15.0
X5.I
61
68213
l68i •
.0246434
34.643
23.695
14.4
14-4
62
66532
1778
.0267240
36.724
35.696
13.7
13.6
63
64754
1880
.0290330
29.303
37.916
X3.X
X3.9
64
62874
1085
.0315711
31.571
30.357
13.4
X2.a
65
60889
2094
.0343904
34.390
33067
XI.8
II.6
66
58705 '
2206
.0375202
37.520
36.077
II-2
TO.O
LiFB AND Casualty Sbction
287
NATIONAL FRATERNAL CONGRESS TABLE OF MORTALITY
Ace
Nmnbo'
of
Numbo'
of
Yeariy
Probability
Yeariy
Insurance
Coat per
$1,000
Yearly
Costdia-
oounted at
BzpeO"
Utionof
Average
Duration
Uvins
pying
of Dying
4 per cent.
Life
of Life
67
56589
2318
.0409620
40.962
39387
10.7
10.3
68
54271
3430
.0447753
44.775
43.053
ZO.X
9.7
69
51841
2539
.0489767
48.977
47.093
9.5
9.1
70
49302
2645
.0536489
53.649
5X.586
9.0
8.5
71
46657
2744
.0588x22
58.8x2
56.550
8.5
7.9
72
43913
2832
.0644912
64.491
62.0XX
8.0
7.4
73
4108X
2909
.07081x3
70.8x1
68.087
7.5
6.9
74
38x72
2969
.0777795
77.789
74.788
7.0
6.4
^1
35203
3009
.0854757
85.476
82.198
6.6
6.0
76
32194
3026
.0939927
93.993
90.377
6.2
5.5
77
29x68
30x6
.X0340X0
.XX38345
X03.40X
99.424
5.7
5.1
78
26152
2977
X 13.835
109.457
5.3
4.7
79
23175
2905
.X 253506
X 25.35 X
X 20.520
5.0
4.3
8o
20270
2799
.X380858
X38.086
132.775
4.6
4.0
8x
17471
2659
.X52X95X
X52.Z95
146.341
x6 1.3x6
4.3
3.6
82
148x2
2485
.1677694
167.769
3.9
3.3
83
12327
2280
.X849598
X84.960
X 7 7.846
3.6
3.0
84
XO047
2050
.20404x0
204.04 X
X96.X93
3.3
2.8
85
7979
x8oo
.2250844
.2483400
225.084
248.340
2x6.427
3.0
2.5
86
6197
Z539
238.794
2.8
2.3
87
4658
X277
.274x520
274.X52
263.608
2.5
2.0
88
3381
1023
.3025732
302.573
290.935
2.3
X.8
89
2358
788
.334x8x5
334.X82
32X.329
2.1
x.7
90
1570
579
.3687898
368.790
354.606
X.9
x.5
91
991
404
.4076690
407.669
39 X. 989
X.7
X.4
9a
587
264
.4497445
449.745
432.447
X.5
x.2
93
333
161
.4984520
498.452
479.28 X
1.4
Z.O
94
X62
89
.5493827
549.383
528.253
X.2
.9
9$
73
44
.6027397
602.740
579.557
X.I
.8
96
29
Z9
.655x724
655.X72
629.973
X.O
.8
97
zo
7
.7000000
700.000
673.077
.8
.7
08
3
3
X. 0000000
zooo.ooo
961.538
.5
.5
FRATERNAL SOCIETY LAW ASSOCIATION. Organized in
November 1909. The association is independent of other fraternal
organizations and its efforts are devoted to the interchange of informa-
tion regarding legislation and court decisions affecting fraternal societies.
The association maintaitas a law reporting bureau.
Officers were elected as follows: President, Benjamin Crane,
Crawfordsville, Ind.; vice-president, L. Q. Rawson, Cleveland, Ohio;
treasurer, C. J. Garlow, Columbus, Neb.; secretary, A. W. Fulton,
1725 Conway building, Chicago, 111.
G
GARY NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Gary,
Indiana. Organized 191 7; capital, $100,000. This company was
merged in The Chicago National Life Insurance Company in 192 1.
GATE CITY LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY,
Greensboro, N. C. Organized 191 1. James F. Thompson, president;
GayJe Thompson, vice-president ; W. L. Carter, secretary and treas-
urer ; M. E. Carter, assistant secretary; Ralph B. Coit, actuary ;
E. G. Jones, superintendent of agencies ; Dr. P. Jarboe, medical
director.
GEM CITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Dayton, Ohio.
Organized 151 1; capital, $105,750. A. J. Conover, president; A. I.
Morrisett, vice-president and general manager; Dr. G. T. Brown,
vice-president; R. P. Burkhardt, second vice-president; Gustave A.
Becker, Jr., secretary and treasurer; J. L. Robinson, assistant secretary;
Carl Mitcheltree, actuary; Dr. G. T. Brown, medical director.
GEM STATE LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION,
Boise City, Idaho. Organized in June, 1915. The officers, elected
were: President, W. B. Harmon; vice-president, D. G. White; sec-
retary. C. F. Kutnewsky; treasurer, A. Crooks. The present officers,
elected in January, 1922, are: William Robinson, president; Norman
C. Nourse, secretary and treasurer.
GENERAL ACCIDENT FIRE AND LIFE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION, Limited, of Perth, Scotland. United States Home
Office, General Building, 4th and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia. This
company was organized in 1885, and transacts a world wide business,
writmg fire, life and the general lines of casualty insurance. WiUiam
Low, O. B. E., J. P. is chairman; F. Norie-Miller, J. P., general manager
and J. Mayhew Allen, F. I. A., actuary and secretary. Thecompany has
an authorized capital of £1,250,000, of which £1,153,000 is subscribed
and £i^03,ooo paid in. The General Accident entered the United
States m 1899 making a statutory deposit of $250,000 with the Insur-
ance Department of the state of New York, and established its United
States branch headquarters in Philadelphia, where it owns the build-
ing and site at 4th and Walnut Streets. The business of the United
States branch is limited to the several classes of casualty insurance and
the corporation is indirectly interested in fire insurance in the United
States through its ownership of the Potomac Insurance Company of
Washington, D. C. The following table shows the progress made by
the United States branch:
LiFB AND Casualty Section
289
for
for
X90S
$755,774
1906
993.093
X907
1.337 J7I
1908
x,867.454
X909
2.387.4x3
X9X0
3.619.354
3.743.936
X9XX
X9xa
3.805.543
X9X3
3.867.458
X9X4
3.X3X406
2,908.6x8
X9X5
19X6
3.208.078
X9X7
3.393.9X1
X9X8
3.980.0x7
X9X9
5.553.446
1930
7.X33.393
X9ax
8453.13X
$225,331
395.767
435.x 13
666.083
993.334
X.08 1.963
I,X03,53I
X.256,554
I.305.0A2
X.x64.x6x
x.xzs.xxo
X. 320.720
X.373.X55
1.490.4X6
2.X36.340
3,575,86x
3.X37.496
$X33.957
37X.869
309<9I9
338.374
438.4x6
368,240
6x6,52X
6ox,369
833.958
X,XX2.278
X, 077.337
983.349
X.X63.S39
x.465.935
2. 050.42 X
2,824,X0X
3.085,305
RcKrvet and Sur-
l>lus for Benefit
of Pblicyholden
$761,776
935.30X
X.XX5.X93
X.606.531
3,040,03s
3.096J7X
3,466,x67
3^40,003
3.6x7.087
3.726.527
3.693.370
3.978.853
3.639.867
5.037.X50
6.499.071
7.70X.680
The United States manager is Frederick Richardson, and the
assistant United States managers are James F. Mitchell and Thos. C.
Moore. '
GENERAL CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY, First
National Bank Building, Cadillac Square and Woodward Avenue,
C^roit, Mich. Organi^ ^9}5* ^^^^^ capital, $^00,000. Elmer H.
Dearth, president; George E. Taylor, vice-president; H. Leonard
Wilton, Herbert E. Johnson, vice-presidents; B. Frank Bushman,
secretary and treasurer; S. E. Pattison, assistant secretary; John H.
Davis, assistant secretary and treasurer; Ralph B. Wilkinson, general
counsel. Writes general classes of casualty insurance, fidelity and
surety bonds.
GENERAL CASUALTY AND SURETY RE-INSURANCE
CORPORATION, 80 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. Organized
1^21, capital $800,000. Robert Van Iderstine, president; N. S. Bo)^d,
vice-president. The company was organized and took over the entire
business, assets and liabilities of the United States branch of the Nor-
wegian Globe Insurance Company, Ltd.
GENERAL INDEMNITY CORPORATION OF AMERICA,
1050 University Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Organized 1914; capital $200,-
000. W. R. McCanne, president; George W. Thayer, vice-president;
Wallace I. Miller, secretary; George W. Todd, treasurer.
GEORGE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Charleston, W. Va. Organized 1906; capital, $250,000. Harrison B.
Smith, president; A. B. White and A. M. Scott, vice-presidents;
E/nest C. Milair, vice-president and secretary; F. S. Bown, treasurer;
Chas. H. Tiffin, assistant secretary and auditor; J. P. Bowerman,
actuary; R. D. Davis, M.D., medical director.
290 Cyclopedia of Insurance
GEORGIA CASUALTY COMPANY. Macon, Ga. Or^nired
1909* capital, $300,540. W. £. Small, prendent; J. C. McAfee, vice-
president; J. B. Hart and T. B. McRitchie, vice-presidents; £. P.
Amerine, secretary; W. M. Amerine, assistant secretary; J. C. Morton,
treasurer and assistant secretary; G. A. Heide, assistant treasurer;
W. R. Woodward, assistant treasurer.
GEORGIA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1869-1922.
The act creating an insurance department in Georgia was approved
March 19, 1869, the comptroller-general being charged with the duties
of supervision as insurance commissioner ex-officio. [See Cyclopedia
for 19 1 3- 1 4 for list of former officials.]
The comptroller-general is elected by direct vote for a term of
four years. William A. Wright is the present comptroller.
GIRARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadelphia, Pa.
Organized 1909; capital full paid, 9410,040. Nathan T. Fc^weli,
president; Joseph M. Steele, vice-president; Richard H. Wallace,
vice-president and treasurer; Albert Short, secretary and actuary,
Clark R. Craig, medical director.
GLOBE INDEMNITY COMPANY. New York, N. Y. Organ-
ized 191 1; capital, $750,000. A. Duncan Reid, president and general
manager; F. H. Kingsbury, vice-president and secretary; W. J.
McCaffrey, vice-president, Thomas H. Anderson, vice-president;
Harry Furze, treasurer.
GLOBE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, Chi-
cago, 111. Organized 1805. T. B. Barry, LL.B., president; L. O.
Sanborn, secretary and treasurer; F. T. Andrews, medical director and
vice-president.
GOLDEN EAGLE ASSOCIATION, 1810 Broadway, Brooklyn,
N. Y. Organized 1884. David E. Terry, president. W. O. Dietrich,
secretary.
GRANGE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lansing, Mich.
Organized 1915. N. P. Hull, president; Frank Coward, vice-president;
C. H. Bramble, secretary and treasurer; James W. Glover, actuary;
N. P. Hull, superintendent of agencies; Dr. H. A. Herze, medical
director.
GREAT AMERICAN CASUALTY COMPANY. Chicago. 111.
Organized 1920; capital. $175,000. George W. Wolfler. president;
E. H. Steffelin, secretary.
GREAT AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Neb.
Organized 1919. R. L. Hart, president; C. E. Reynolds and Fred
Hardun. vice-presidents; A. T. Reynolds, treasurer; W. H. Jennings,
secretary. (Accident and Health Insurance).
Life and Casualty Section 291
GREAT AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Hut-
chinson, Kansas. Organized 191 7. S. M. Babbett, president; Jos.
E. Smith, vice-president and secretary; Will S. Thompson, treasurer;
Frank S. Haddan, assistant secretary.
GREAT AMERICAN MUTUAL INDEMNITY COMPANY,
Mansfield, Ohio. Organized and began business 1917. F. B. Black,
president; Wm. B. Martin vice-president; Henry R. Endly, secretary
and treasurer. R. B. Keffer, assistant secretary.
GREAT NORTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Grand
Forks, N. Dak. Organized 1910; capital, $200,000. The company
was purchased by and merged in the Central Business Men's Accident
Association of Chicago, in 1921.
GREAT NORTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Wau-
sau. Wis. Organized 1909; capital, $112,275. H. G. Royer, president;
John A. Sullivan, Frank A. Holmer, Ward C. Castle, vice-presidents;
C. O. Pauley, secretary; Tno. P. P. Oliver, actuary and assistant secre-
tary; A. B. Rosenberry, M.D., medical director.
GREAT REPUBLIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Los
Angeles, Cal. Organized 191 1; capital, $500,000. A. O. Birch, presi-
dent; W. H. Savage, vice-president and agency director; F. B. Olds,
secretary and treasurer; F. F. Petty, actuary and assistant secretary;
H. M. Brandel, M.D., medical director.
GREAT SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Hous-
ton,Texas. Commenced business 1909. Capital, $600,000. E. P.
Greenwood, president; J. H. Florence, vice-president and medical
director; J. C. Cameron, vice-president and actuary; Dr. F. J. Combe,
vice-president; L. A. Carlton, vice-president and general counsel;
J. T. Scott, treasurer; L. S. Adajns, secretary; F. W. Griffln, superin-
tendent of agencies; Harold Scliramm, assistant secretary; W. S.
Home, assistant treasurer; Hubert H. Sharp, assistant secretary.
GREAT SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Bir-
mingham, Ala. (See Alabama National Life Insurance Company).
GREAT STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Wichita,
Kansas. Organized 1919. Fred B. Stanley, president; W. F. Burson
and Claude E. Stanley, vice-presidents; W. B. Crandall, secretary;
J. T. Botkin, treasurer; T. C. Calvert, assistant secretary; James
p. Sullivan, superintendent of agencies.
GREAT WESTERN ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY of Des Moines, la. Organized 1901 ; re-incorporated as a stock
company, 19 14. Capital, paid in, $200,000. H. B. Hawley, president
292 Cyclopedia of Insurance
and general manager; W. G. Tallman, vice-president; R. D. Emery,
secretary; John H. Hogan, treasurer; S. P. Barr, vice-president and
claim adjuster; O. B. Hartley, general counsel; V. £. Nutt, M. B.
Hills, F. R. Fifer, assistant secretaries; B. H. Gross, auditor.
GROUP INSURANCE. This is a name given to a plan of insur-
ance of recent development under which the employer of a large^ num«
ber of workers may extend the protection of life insurance to his em-
ployees as a body, and under a blanket policy. Under sroup insurance
mdividual medical examination is dispensed with, ana the insurance
may be any reasonable sum, but is usually a sum equal to the yearly
wage of the individual workman. The insurance is written on the one
year renewable term plan. Supplementary certificate of insurance
are usually issued to each individual of the group stating the fact of
insurance, the amount, the name of the benendary and the condition
under which the insurance continues in force. The laws remove from
p:roup insurance the restrictions and limitations applying to individual
msurances and with few exceptions define a "group" as "not less than
fifty lives" all in the employ of one person, firm or corporation. The
important exceptions are in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Arizona and
Nebraska where the laws make the minimum number to be covered
one hundred.
Group Life Insurance in force, December 31, 192 1 amounted to
$1,600,894,625.
GUARANTEE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA, THE,
Montreal. Henry E. Rawlings, president and managing director;
William S. Chadwick, secretary and treasurer; Walter T. Rawlings,
assistant secretary.
GUARANTEE FUND LIFE ASSOCIATION, Omaha. Neb.
Organized 1901. J. C. Buffington, president; E. M. Martin, vice-
E resident; J. W. Hughes, vice-president; R. E. Lanedon, secretary;
,. E. Gillespie, assistant secretary and auditor; A. D. Hunter, assistant
secretary; A. C. Stokes, medical director; J. W. Barth, actuary.
GUARANTEED EQUITY LIFE COMPANY, 127 N. Dearborn
street, Chicago, 111. W. W. Kraemer, president.
GUARANTY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Davenport,
la. Organized 1903 as a mutual company, reorganized 1910 as a
stock company; capital, $100,000. August £. Steffen, president;
R. Rohlfs, vice-president; L. J. Dougherty, secretary and general
manager; W. F. Meiburg, assistant secretary and actuary; Julius
C. Hasler, treasurer; Dr. W. L. Allen, medical director; Dr. C. E.
Glynn, assistant medical director; Carroll Bros, counsel.
GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,
Organized i860 under the laws of the State of New York; capital,
$200,000. Home Office 50 Union Square, New York. The officers of the
Life and Casualty Section 293
company are as follows: Carl Heye, president; T. Louis Hansen,
vice-president; John Fuhrer, vice-president and actuary; Fred A.
Goecke, secretary; Rudolph C. Neuendorffer, secretary; Charles
Kruse, cashier; Dr. Charles B. Piper, medical director; Valentine
Howell, assistant actuary; George L. Hunt, inspector of agencies.
GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Madison, Wis.
Organized 1909; capital, paid in, $100,000. George A. Boissard,
president and general manager; A. F. Menges, vice-president; Benj. S.
Beecher, secretary; C. M. Putnam, treasurer; W. W. Gill, medical
director; H. L. Butler, counsel; W. J. Wandrey, agency secretary; F.
A. Regan, assistant secretary.
GULF COAST LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Gulfport,
Miss. Organized 1911; capital, paid in, $163,100. M. C. Tyler,
president; Chas. L. Isom, vice-president and secretary; T. A. Wood,
treasurer and assistant secretary; Sarah S. De Forest, actuary. Nego-
tiations for the sale of this company are now in progress.
H
HARTFORD ACCIDENT AND INDEMNITY COMPANY.
Hartford, Conn. Organized 1913; capital, paid up, $1,000,000. R. M.
Bissell, president; Norman R. Moray, vice-president and ^neral
manager; James Wyper and Jas. L. D. Kearney, vice-presidents;
J. Collins Lee, secretary; R. C. L. Hamilton, comptroller; D. J. Glazier,
secretary-treasurer.
HARTFORD LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Hart-
ford. Conn. Or^nized under New York laws in 19 16; capital, paid
in, $500,000. Richard M. Bissell, president; L. D. Kearney, secretary.
HARTFORD STEAM BOILER INSPECTION AND INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY was incorporated June 30, 1866. Capital, $2,000,-
000. Charles S. Blake, president; Wm. R. C. Corson, vice-president
and treasurer; E. Sidney Berry, second vice-president; Louis F.
Middlebrook, secretary; John J. Graham, assistant secretary; Halsey
Stevens, assistant secretary.
HAWAII, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. An act desig-
nating the territorial treasurer to be insurance commissioner ex officio^
with supervision over the business of insurance, was passed Apnl 28»
1903. D. E. Metzger is the present insurance commissioner.
HEALTH AND ACCIDENT UNDERWRITERS' CONFER-
ENCE. The conference was formed by the merger of the Detroit Con-
ference, American Association of Accident Underwriters, and National
Mutual Union, and the organization was completed at a joint meeting
of the three associations held in Atlantic City, N. J., in September, 1914.
The objects of the conference are stated in the constitution to be: " To
promote good will and harmony between members; to devise measures
for the protection of their common interests; and to advance the general
interests of health and accident underwriting." Membership is divided
into three classes — active, associate and honorary. The active mem-
bership consists of companies or associations licensed to transact health
and accident insurance, and associate membership includes officers, or
heads of home office departments of a company which itself is not a
member.
Officers were elected as follows: President, R. Perry Shorts, Massa-
chusetts Bonding, Boston; vice-president, C. W. Ray, Hoosier Casualty,
Indianapolis; second vice-president, C. A. Craig, National Life and
Accident, Nashville; secretary, J. B. Sackett, Old Line Life, Milwaukee;
treasurer, C. H. Brackett, Hoosier Casualty, Indianapolis.
Life and Casualty Section 295
Officers were elected at the annual meeting held in August, 192 1, as
follows: President, W. R. Sanders, American Liability.Cincinnati;
first vice-president, E. C. Bowlby, president. Fidelity Health and
Accident, Benton Harbor, Michigan; second vice-president, John
Patterson, vice-president, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance,
Saginaw, Michigan; secretary, W. W. Dark, secretary. Business Men's
Indemnity Association, Indianapolis, Ind.; treasurer, C. H. Brackett,
Hoosier Casualty Company, Indianapolis, Ind.; executive committee:
the officers, ex-officio and the following: Chairman, E. C. Budlong,
second vice-president Bankers Accident Insurance Company, Des
Moines, Iowa; C. H. Boyer, manager Casualty Department, National
Life Insurance Company of the U. S. A., Chicago, Illinois; Dr. W. F.
Jarvis, president. Fraternal Protective Association, Boston, Mass.;
A. F. Forrest, vice-president, North American Accident Insurance
Company, Chicago, 111.; W. H. Howland, manager Industrial Dept.
General Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Corporation, Ltd., Philadel-
phia, Pa.; J. W. Scherr, president, Inter Ocean Casualty Company,
Cincinnati, Ohio; W. T. Grant, secretary, Business Men's Accident
Insurance Co., Kansas City, Mo.; Isaac Miller Hamilton, president.
Federal Life Insurance Co., Chicago, 111.; W. G. Tallman, vice-presi-
dent, Great Western Accident Insurance Co., Des Moines, la.; and,
H. G. Royer, president. Central Business Men's Association, Chicago,
Illinois.
The mid-year meeting of the Conference was held in Kansas City,
March 7, 8 and ^, 1922. President Sanders presided and reports were
made by the vanous committees. Much time was given to a discussion
of an oi^anized educational campaign for the purpose of bringing about
a more favorable attitude on the part of the insuring public towards
all forms of underwriting. This subject was called to the attention of
the meeting by a paper entitled "Organization and Co-operation in the
Business of Insurance," by C. H. Boyer, manager, Casualty Depart-
ment, National Life of the U. S. A., Chicago, and "Business Through
Co-operation," by G. A. Fairley, secretary. National Travelers Benefit
Association, Des Moines, Iowa, and discussed by Isaac Miller Hamil-
ton, president, Federal Life Insurance Company, Chicago, and W. T.
Grant, president. Business Men's Assurance Company of America,
Kansas City, Mo.
W. W. Dark, chairman of the Statistical Committee reported the
establishment of a Statistical Bureau, commencing with statistics for
the month of January, 1922, reported by over twenty-five companies on
over two hundred thousand exposures. Methods and instructions
concerning statistics were presented in a paper entitled, "Present and
Future of the Statistical Bureau," by Harold R. Gordon, Statistician
of the Conference. Other papers presented at the meeting were as
follows: "No Man's Land in Health and Accident Insurance," Z. H.
Austin, North American Life and Casualty, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
"Life Indemnity in Accident and Health Insurance," C. O. Pauley,
Central Business Men's Association, Chicago, Illinois; "State Inspec-
tion of Fraudulent Claims," O. B. Hartley, Great Western Accident
296
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Des Moines, Iowa; "Non-Cancellable Policies, Whence-What-Whith-
er," Thomas P. Nelson, Wisconsin Insurance Department; "What
Accident and Health Insurance means to Men in Every Walk of Life,"
Ben Haughton, International Travelers Association, Dallas, Texas;
"Justness In Adjustments," F. D. Harsh, Independent Adjuster, Des
Moines, Iowa; "Relation of Dental Surgery to the Health of the
Individual," Dr. W. H. Jordan, D. D. S., Kansas City, Mo.; "Stand-
ardization," by A. J. Alwin, Minnesota Commercial Men's Association,
Minneapolis, Min.
The following is the active membership list of the conference,
February i, 1922;
American Casualty. Reading, Pa.
American Insurance Union, Columbus,
Ohio.
American Liability. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bankers Accident, Des Moines, la.
Business Men's ,Kan8as City, Mo.
Business Men's Indemnity, Indianapolis.
Central Business Men's, Chicago, 111.
Columbian Life, Omaha, Neb.
Columbia Life, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Columbian Protective Association, Bing-
hamton, N. Y.
Commercial Health and Accident, Spring-
field. 111.
Commercial Travelers' Life and Accident,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Commonwealth Casualty, Philadelphia.
Continental Life. Kansas City, Mo.
Empire Health and Accident, Indianapo-
lis, Ind.
Federal Insurance Co., Lincoln, Neb.
Federal Life, Chicago, III.
Federal Casualty, Detroit, Mich.
Federal Savings and Insurance, Indian-
apolis, Ind.
Fidelity Health and Accident, Benton
Harbor, Mich.
First National Accident, Fond Du Lac,
Wis.
Fort WajTie Mercantile Accident, Ft.
Wayne, Ind.
Fraternal Protective, Boston, Mass.
Fraternities Health and Accident, Rich-
mond, Va.
General Accident, Philadelphia. Pa.
General Casualty and Surety, Detroit.
Globe Casualty. Columbus, Ohio.
Great American Indemnity, Mansfield,
Ohio.
Great Western Accident, Des Moines, la.
Home Accident and Health, South Bend,
Ind.
Hoosier Casualty, Indianapolis, Ind.
Illinois Mutual Casualty, Peoria, 111.
Integrity Mutual, Chicago, 111.
International Travelers, Dallas, Texas.
Inter-Ocean Casualty, Cincinnati, O.
Interstate Business Men's Accident, Des
Moines, la. '
Interstate Life & Accident, Chatta-
nooga, Tenn.
Iowa State Traveling Men's. Des Moines.
Kentucky Central Life and Accident,
Anchorage, Ky.
Liberty Mutual, Dayton, O.
Lincoln Accident, Lincoln, Neb.
Masonic Accident, Springfield, Mass.
Massachusetts Bonding, Boston, Mass.
Massachusetts Accident, Boston, Mass.
Merchants' Life & Casualty, Minneap-
olis, Minn.
Merchants, Charleston, W. Va.
Meridian, Charleston, W. Va.
Midland Casualty, Milwaukee, Wis.
Michigan Casualty. Saginaw, Mich.
Ministers Casualty, Minneapolis.
Minnesota Commercial Men s, Minneapolis
Mutual Benefit Health and Accident,
Omaha, Neb.
National Business Men's Accident, Cleve-
land. Ohio.
National Life & Accident. Nashville. Tenn.
National Life, U. S. A., Chicago, 111.
National Relief Assurance, Philadelphia.
National Masonic Provident, Mansfield, O.
National Travelers Benefit, Des Moinea.
New York Safety Reserve, N. Y.
North American Accident, Chicago, 111.
North American Life & Casualty, Minn-
eapolis, Minn.
Occidental Life, Los Angeles, Cal.
Ohio National, Cincinnati. Ohio.
Ohio State Life, Columbus, Ohio.
Old Line Life, Milwaukee, Wis.
Pacific Mutual Life, Los Angeles, Cal.
Pan American Life, New Orleans, La.
Physicians' Casualty, Omaha, Neb.
Prairie State Casualty, Freeport, 111.
Progressive Assurance. Minneapolis, Minn.
Reliable Life and Accident, St. Louis, Mo.
Safety First, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Sick & Accident Association, Toledo, O.
Life and Casualty Section 297
Southern Surety, Des Moines, la. United Casualty. Westfield. Mass.
Southern Life and Health, Birmingham, United Life & Accident, Concord, N. H.
Ala. United States Indemnity, Boston, Mass.
Standard L^e, Pituburg, Pa. U. S. Assurance Mutual Health and
St. Lawrence Life Association, New Accident. Chicago, 111.
York, N. Y. Vermont Accident, Rutland, Vt.
The Maccabees, Detroit, Mich. Washington Life & Accident, Chicago, 111.
Time, Milwaukee. Wis. Western Surety, Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
Travelers Equitable, Minneapolis, Minn. Woodmen's Accident, Lincoln, Neb.
Union Casualty, Detroit, Mich. World Accident, Omaha, Neb.
Union Indemnity, New Orleans.
HEALTH INSURANCE.* Health Insurance, or more prop-
erly, Sickness Insurance aims to indemnify the individual for loss of
time due to disability caused by sickness originating after the issue
of a policy. This form of insurance was introduced into the United
States in 1846-7 when several companies, located respectively in Mass-
achusetts, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania began writing policies insur-
ing against sickness of any kind, for which policies, premiums graduated
to the age of the assured were charged.
The premium rates having been pitched too low, the business of
Health Insurance quickly became unprofitable and was discontinued
until 1895, when several companies began writing limited Health
Insurance policies covering disability caused by named diseases, and
by a system of gradual expansion this developed into the present prac-
tice which provides in the case of young adults for a premium of $7.00
per annum and sickness indemnity of 95 -OO per week for disability at-
tributable to any illness, not exceeding, however, fifty-two weeks in
duration, with fixed indemnities for loss of sight or use of limbs.
A suitable addition is made to the premium charge, if the appli-
cant has attained the age of forty years, another addition is made for
persons between fifty and sixty years,, and additional premium loading
18 made for occupational exposure in dich age class, as shown in the fol-
lowing table published by one of the leading companies:
COST PER YEAR
Classes z and a
Class 2
Class 3
Ages 18 to 39 S35-00
$40.00
S43.75
Ages 40 to 49 40.00
45.00
50.00
Ages 50 to 59 50.00
57.50
63.50
A number of persons with socialistic tendencies are at this time
(1916) engaged in a propaeanda for sickness insurance in the interest
of the working class, with premium contributions divided between
the employer, employe, and State, and it is not unlikely that this prop-
aganda will get headway in the very near future. It will, at least,
have the effect of hastening the introduction of ideal sickness insur-
ance with premiums graduated to the attained age of the insured, as
in life insurance and with policies carrying no cancellation clause.
* By Reinard S. Keelor. M. D., manager liability department United States
Cttwalty Company, New York, X. Y.
298
Cyclopedia of Insurance
The returns of business done in 192 1 by the principal stock com-
panies are as follows. [See also Accident Insurance.]
Premiumt
Companies Received
Aetna Casualty $14,514
Aetna Life 1,670,321
Columbian National 204,77s
Columbia Casualty 26,339
Commercial Casualty 438,871
Continental Casualty 2,551,300
Employers' Liability 525,784
Fidelity & Casualty 1,698.502
General Accident 473>o59
General Casualty and Surety i ,703
Globe Indemnity 252,435
Hartford Accident I43»346
Indemnity Company of North America .... 61.377
London Guarantee 179.606
London & Lancashire 7.^58
Manufacturers Liability 27,451
Maryland Casualty 528,978
Metropolitan Casualty
New Amsterdam Casualty 65,195
Norwich Union Indemnity 3.466
Ocean Accident 192,757
Pacific Mutual Life 1.625,114
Preferred Accident 345 1091
Reliance Life 179.749
Republic Casualty
Royal Indemnity 1x9,875
Standard Accident 789.742
Traveler 2,549.003
Travelers Indemnity 160,306
Union Indemnity 285,436
United States Casualty 378,005
United States Fidelity 497.843
Zurich General 8,360
Total 192 1 $16,000,120
Total 1920 15.578,381
Total 1919 11,820.690
Total 1918 9.399.908
Total 1917 9.022,559
Loi
Paid
$4,525
896,321
X 2 1. 676
7/)l9
212,400
1,284,725
393.442
1,078,877
236,59s
310
183.551
69.960
28,975
X 23.906
S.017
13.667
310,922
1.363
43.237
1.079
109.07s
529.486
i86,i8x
71.468
2,xo8
66,749
445.671
1.746,0x4
112.2x3
110.121
235.279
331.855
6.741
$8,970,528
8,808,926
6,669.653
5,765.787
4.605 .94S
HOME FRIENDLY INSURANCE COMPANY OF MARY-
LAND, Baltimore, Md. Organized 1884. George A. Chase, president;
E. C. Chase, vice-president; B. L. Talley, secretary. It transacts an
industrial business. Formerly the Home Friendly Society. The present
title was adopted in May 192 1, on qualifying as a legal reserve company
under Maryland laws and approved by a special act of the Legislature of
January 1922.
HOME LIFE AND ACCIDENT COMPANY, Little Rock. Ark.,
executive offices, Fordyce, Ark. Organized 1900; capital, $250,000.
A. B. Banks, president; S. B. Meek, C. L. Chambers, J. D. Arnold, and
J.J. Harrison, vice-presidents; J. R. Hampton, secretary and treasurer.
HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, New York,
incorporated under the laws of the state of New York, and b^an
business May i, i860. William A. Marshall, president; Ellis \V.
LiFB AND dsUALTY SECTION 299
Gladwin, vice-president; Wm. S. Gay lord, secretary; George W.
Murray, third vice-president and superintendent of agents; Henry
Moir, second vice-president and actuary; F. W. Chapin, medical
director; Chester F. S. Whitney, assistant medical director; Frank H.
Trimble, assistant secretary; F. W. Kensing, cashier; Howard Van
Sinderen, counsel; Herbert N. Sheppard, assistant actuary; William J.
Cameron, assistant actuary.
HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1899; capital, $250,000. Basil L.
Walsh, president; P. J. Cunningham, vice-president; Joseph L.
Durldn, secretary; John J. Gallagher, treasurer; Geo. A. Huggins,
actuary.
HOOSIER CASUALTY COMPANY, Indianapolis, Ind. Or-
gani^d 1907; capital $100,000. C. H. Brackett, president; W. H.
Latta, vice-president; C. W. Ray, secretary.
I
IDAHO. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. Under the act
of 1 89 1 the state treasurer was charged with the supervision of insur-
ance in Idaho, but in 1901 a separate insurance department was cre-
ated, and the department was reorganized under legislation of 191 1
and 19 13. The commissioner was appointed by the governor for four
years from July i. [For list of state treasurers and commissioners see
Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14, life section.] George F. Steele was appointed
in 19 1 5, but resigned in 1917, and J. H. Hyatt was appointed to succeed
him for the term expiring in 1^19. The state legislature in 1919 passed
an act providing for commission form of state government, and under
the act supervision of insurance rests with a department of commerce
and industry. The ofHce of commissioner was abolished and the
office of "insurance director" established in the new department.
Howard J. Brace was appointed to the new office.
IDAHO STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Boise, Idaho.
Organized 19 10; capital, $200,000. E. H. Dewey, president; £. S.
Chadwick, vice-president and p^eneral manager; Geo. B. Wood, secre-
tary; Dr. Wm. F. Smith, medical director.
ILLINOIS BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION. Monmouth, 111.
Organized 1897. William H. Woods, president; Tos. R. Ebersole, vice-
president and medical director; Robert M. Work, secretary and
general attorney; Frank M. Ha I lam, treasurer and general manager;
Arthur T. Sawyer, assistant general manager.
ILLINOIS, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1869-1922.
The general insurance act of January li, 1869, charged the auditor of
public accounts with the supervision of insurance, but in 1893 the
duties of supervision were transferred to a separate department, under
charge of a superintendent of insurance, who is appointed by the
Governor for a term of four years. [For list of supervising omcials
see Cyclopedia for 1913-14, life section.] Rufus M. Potts was ap-
pointed in 19 13, and Fred W. Potter, appointed in 191 7, resigned in
192 1. T. J. Houston was appointed his successor.
ILLINOIS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago, lU. Or-
ganized 1899; capital, $500,000. James W. Stevens, president, Ray-
mond W. Stevens, vice-president; Oswald J. Arnold, secretary and actu-
ary; Bert J. Stookey, assistant secretary; Harry W. Stone, treasurer.
ILLINOIS MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY. Peoria, 111. Or-
ganized 1912. F. L. Davies, president; E. C. Ferguson, vice-president;
O. L. McCord, secretary and treasurer.
Life and Casualty Section 301
INDEMNITY COMPANY OF AMERICA. Federal Reserve
Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 191 7; cash capital $250,000.
J. B. McCutchan, president; George Dodson, vice-president; J. L.
McNatt, secretary and general attorney; R. G. Rolwing, treasurer.
INDEMNITY INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERI-
CA, 212 South Third Street, Philadelphia. This company which is
affiliated with the old Insurance Company of North America, was
organized April 19, 1920 with a cash capital of |i, 000,000 and surplus
of $1,000,000. It transacts all branches of casualty and surety busi-
ness. Its officers are Benjamin Rush, president; C. F. Frizzell, vice-
president and general manager; T. W. Rucker,J[r., second vice-presi-
dent; K. R. Owen, third vice-president; J. J. Cfonnor, treasurer, and
E. W. Miller, secretary.
INDEPENDENT LIFE . INSURANCE COMPANY, Nash-
ville, Tenn. Organized 1907; capital, $202,695. Paul Roberts,
president; J. H. Covington, vice-president; M. J. McGuire, secretary;
B. L. Ireland, treasurer; Dr. M. C. McGannon, medical director;
M. E. Strube, superintendent of agencies.
INDIANA ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS was
organized at Indianapolis June 8, 1891, and the following officers were
el«:ted: Edward S. Folsom of the Phcenix Mutual, president; D. F.
Swain of the Northwestern Mutual, vice-president; E. M. Goodwin
of the Travelers, secretary; D. W. Edwards of the Provident Life
and Trust, treasurer. The present officers, elected at the annual
meeting in February, 192 1, are: filbert Storer, president; Joseph R.
Raub, vice-president; George G. Wainwright, second vice-president;
Richard Habbe, secretary; Dan Flickinger, treasurer.
INDIANA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1852-1922.
Insurance supervision in Indiana is under the direction of the auditor
of the state, who is elected by the people for a term of two years. [For
list of supervising officials see Cyclopedia for 1913-14, life section.]
Dale J. Crittenberg was elected in 19 14 and he was succeeded by
Otto L. Klauss.
The legislature in 1919 passed a bill transferring supervision from
the state auditor to a separate department, the act taking effect Sep-
tember 30, 1020. Thomas S. McMurray, Jr., was appointed com-
missioner under the act. The act designates the official in charge as
insurance commissioner, and he is app>ointed by the governor for a
term of four years at a salary of $4,000 per annum.
INDIANA NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1907; capital, $210,000. C. D. Renick,
president; V. R. Rudd, vice-president and treasurer; E. E. Leiendecker,
secretary; C. E. Henderson, general counsel; G. C. Brooks, assistant
secretary; E. E. Webster, agency manager; F. J. Haight, consulting
actuary; Dr. W. E. Thornton, medical director.
302
Cyclopedia of insukancb
INDIANAPOLIS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Indian-
apolis, Ind. Organized 1905. Frank P. Manly, president;
Edward B. Raub, vice-president and counsel; Joseph R. Raub, secre-
tary; Dr. Frank A. Morrison and Dr. J. B. Young, medical directors.
INDUSTRIAL LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE COM-
PANY of Atlanta. Ga. Ofiganized 1892. John N. McEachem,
president; R. H. Dobbs, vice-president; S. C. McEachern, second
vice-president; I. M. Sheffield, secretary.
INDUSTRIAL LIFE INSURANCE IN 1921. The following
tabular statement exhibits the industrial life insurance business trans-
acted in the United States in 1921:
Amount
in Force
Dec.31.19a1
$98,642^483
37.089.960
31.385.298
53.868,695
30.369.714
10,807.433
16,685.75s
14.285,37s
3.785.863
9.345.943
30.178.830
9.859.368
709,633.711
11,327.980
I35.833h4o6
3.113.440.56s
140,93 a
x8.389.017
5.650,175
3.154.693.554
33.103.030
27,956,928
198.610,529
Companies Amount Written
American National, Galveston, Tex. $49,711,419
Baltimore Life, Md 11,586.343
Boston Life 6.463,283
Colonial, Jersey City 15.508,363
Commonwealth, Louisville 6,336,901
Durham Life, Raleigh. N. C 6,683.366
Equitable, Wash.. D. C 4.891,399
Eureka, Baltimore 3.805.413
Gate City, Greensboro 1.607.384
Home Friendly, Baltimore 5,041.601
Home Life, Philadelphia 5.691.340
Independent, Nashville 5,877.613
John Hancock, Boston 145,019,130
Kentucky Central, Anchorage 9,273.670
Life Ins. Co. of Virginia, Richmond .... i4,37 1.340
Metropolitan Life, N. Y 666,840.395
Peoples Life, Baltimore 39.164
Peoples Mutual Benefit, Wash., D. C. 16,281,854
Morris Plan, New York
Prudential, Newark 686,453,679
Public Savings, Ind i6,734.575
Sun Life, Baltimore 4,135,0x6
Western & Southern, Cincinnati .... 85,037,535
Total 1921 $1,777,289,372
Total 1920 1,450,071,018
Total 1919 1.213,745.337
Total 1918 707,869,987
Total 191 7 996.300,084
$7,723,773,433
8,968.598,597
6.038.238,300
5.554.025.4^0
5,107,363.488
INSURANCE FEDERATION OF AMERICA, THE, is an
incorporated body and the successor of the National Council of Insur-
ance Federations organized in 19 15. At a meeting of the National
Council in December, 19 19, it was voted to reorganize and incorporate.
The present title was adopted and the Federation was incorporated
under the laws of Connecticut. Headquarters of the Federation are in
Detroit, Mich., 429 Majestic Building.
The purposes of the corporation as stated in its constitution are:
"To bring about a better understanding of the business of insurance
by the general public, to support legislation designed to safeguard and
promote the interests of the public in relation to insurance and to
oppose a state or the nation becoming an underwriter of insurance
Life and Casualty Section 303
hazards of any description, other than in time of war for the protection
of soldiers and sailors." The constitution also prohibits the use of the
corporation funds for political purposes. The membership is divided
into two classes: State Insurance Federations, and Insurance Com-
panies, Fraternal societies and inter-state or national organizations of
underwriters or agents. The affairs of the corporation are managed by
a board of trustees.
The present officers are: President Philip S. Powers, Richmond,
Va.; vice-president, George W. Carter, Detroit; secretary, John
T. Hutchinson, Detroit, Mich.; treasurer, William G. Curtis, Detroit,
Mich.; Advisory committee: William Bro Smith, Travelers, Hartford,
Conn.; David Van Schaack, Aetna Life, Hartford, Conn.; John B.
Morton, Fire Association of Philadelphia, Phila., Pa. ; board of trustees:
R. M. Bissell, Hartford, Conn.; Thos. E. Braniff, Oklahoma City,
Okla.; Thomas H. Anderson, Newark, N. J.; Harve G. Badgerow,
Chicago; James H. Carney, Boston, Mass.; Arthur E. Childs, Boston,
Mass.; Wade Fetzer, Chicago, 111.; Fred L. Gray, Minneaix)lis, Minn.;
James W. Henry, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Charles E. Hodges, Boston, Mass.;
Chas. H. Holland, New York City.; Milbank Johnson, Los Angeles,
Cal.; Edson S. Lott, New York City; Hill Montague, Richmond Va.;
A. Duncan Reid, New York City; Joel Rathbone, New York City;
Cecil F. Shallcross, New York City; George D. Webb, Chicago, 111.;
W. G. Wilson, Cleveland, O.
INSURANCE JOURNALISM. The following is a list of in-
surance periodicals published in the United States, with the date of
first publication, original and present location, and original and pres-
ent publishers. Papers which are exclusively organs of companies
and published by them are not included. [See Cyclopedia for 1899-
1900 for earlier publications not now published.]
1853 —American Insurance Digest, Chicago, formerly the Insurance Monitor, New
York, established as the Insurance Monitor and Wall Street Review, Thomas
Jones, Jr., weekly, afterward changed to monthly; published by C. C. Hinc
from 1868 to 1897; and later by C. C. Hine's Sons Company. Present title
adopted in 1920, and publication ofllice moved to Chicago. Published by
Wadsworth Publishing Co., weekly. G. W. Wadsworth, president, John W.
Petrie and Talbot C. Hatch, editors.
1857 — Inturance Intelligencer, Philadelphia, Orrin Rogers, monthly, afterward
changed to fortnightly and weekly, now a monthly. Published by R. L.
Oviatt.
X859 — ^Weekly Underwriter. New York, began as the New York Underwriter
and Geoeral Joint Stock Register. New York, J. B. Ecclesine, first
weekly, name changed to the Wall Street Underwriter in 1867. after-
ward monthly, became the New York Underwriter in 1878, and was pub-
lished by the Underwriter Printing and Publishing Company, A. D. Brig-
ham, president. In 1880 it became a weekly under the present title. Pres-
ent publisher, the Underwriter Printing and Publishing Company, L. A.
Mack, president and treasurer, W. W. Mack, vice-president and secretary.
z86a — American Exchange and Review, Philadelphia, monthly. Published by
the Review Printing and Publishing Co., Ambrose Shapley, president;
Benjamin L. Tomes, editor.
Z865 — Baltimore Underwriter, Baltimore, Md., C. C. Bombaugh. monthly after-
ward weekly, and then fortnightly, now published by The Baltimore Under-
writer Company; W. R. Hough and F. W. Lawson, editors and proprietors.
304 Cyclopedia of Insurance
X 866 —Economic World, formerly Chronicle, Chicago, J. J. W. O'Donoghue, weekly;
afterward transferred to New York, and now publiohed by the Chronicle
Company, Ltd.. name changed to The Market World and Chronicle in 19 it
and to The Economic World in Z9is* A. R. Marsh, president and treasurer;
Edward D. Marsh, vice-president.
X867 — ^Western Insurance Review, St. Louis, established by John P. Thompson
& Co.: afterwards Captain Aldiich was editor and proprietor. Sold by
Mrs. Aldrich to N. H. Weed; now published by Western Insuranoe Review
Co.; Tarleton Brown, president and editor, montlUy.
xS68 — Spectator. Charles D. Lakey and James H. Goodsell, Chicago, monthly,
afterwards transferred to New York and changed to weekly, now
published by the Spectator Company. Arthur L. J. Smith, president;
Robert W. Blake, treasurer; Loughlin T. Smith, seoetary.
x868— 'United States Review, began as the Northwestern Review, Chfcago. by W. F-
Brewster. transferred to Philadelphia, present name adopted, now weekly-
published by the United States Review Publishing Company, R. R. Doir-
den. secretary.
X87 1 —Insurance Index. New York, R. B. Caverly, publisher; bi-weekly.
X871 — Insuranoe Law Journal. St. Louis. D. H. & H. L. Potter, monthly; trana-
ferred to New York in 1874. now published by C. C. Hine's Sons Company.
1871 — Coast Review. San Francisco. L. B. & J. G. Edwards, publishers; J. G. Riley,
editor; present publisher. Insurance Publishing Co.; present editor, £. H.
Bacon, monthly.
187a — Standard. Boston, began as the Insurance Index. Cindxmati. W. T. TilUnghast,
monthly, transferred to Boston, name changed to the Standard in x8Sa.
publication changed to weekly, now published by Standard Publiahins
Company; C. E. Belcher, president and treasurer.
X873 — Insurance Journal. Hartford. H. R. Hayden. monthly changed to fortnightly
in 1895. and weekly in X896. Now. The Insurance Journal and New g-^giymf
Underwriter, published fortnightly by R. B. Caverly, June. X9Z3 to 19x9. Noiw
published by Frank L. Armstrong.
1873 — Insurance Age. New York. S. S. Norton, monthly, published by Matthew
Griffin, now published at Boston, Mass., by Frank L. Armstrong, editor.
i874^Insurance World, Pittsburgh, monthly, became a weekly in 1900; J. L.
Bergstresser, managing editor.
X 874 —Insurance Critic. Chicago, G. W. & J. Reed, Jr., monthly, afterward trans-
ferred to New York and published by George W. Corliss. Now Published
monthly by W. E. Underwood, editor.
X878 — Rough Notes. Indianapolis. Ind., H. C. Martin, founder, publishers, the Roiig;h
Notes Company; began as monthly, now weekly. Weekly editions devoted
to different branches or interests of insurance. Irving Williams, editor;
Albert J. Wohlgemuth, secretary and treasurer.
x88i — Mutual Underwriter. Green Spring. O., originally a reinsuranoe paper, monthly,
removed to Rochester. N. Y.. axid became an assessment life insuranoe orsaa.
Mutual Underwriter Company, publishers. F. W. Zoller, president; Walter
Basye, vice-president; A. S. Hamilton, secretary and treasurer.
x88a — Indicator. Detroit. Mich.. W. H. Burr, monthly; now published by Indicator
Publishing Company, fortnightly; W. E. King, president; William H.
Burr, editor; E. L. Spoor, secretary and manager.
X883 — Insurance, New York. Davis & Lakey; present publisher and editor. Miss
Alice Lakey; weekly.
1883 — Insurance News. Philadelphia, W. H. Wells, monthly, afterwards pubUabed
by Mrs. W. H. Wells; W. S. Schermcrhorn, Publisher.
X883 — American Insurer, New Orleans. Formerly the Vindicator. Atlanta, Ga.,
Garrett Brown, afterwards transferred to New Orleans, monthly, now
weekly. Louis Phillips, editor.
1887 — Pacific Underwriter. San Francisco, W. L. Eaton, monthly, afterwaida
to fortnightly; Robert W. Neal, present editor and publi^er.
x888 — Southern Underwriter, formerly Insurance Herald, Louisville, monthly, after-
wards changed to weekly. Insurance Herald Company, publishers; le-
moved to Atlanta. Ga., in 190X, combined with the Argus, Chicago, hk X913.
Life and Casualty Section 305
and Southeastern Underwriter 1917. and pabliahed by The Herald-Argtis Co.
Name changed to The Southern Underwriter, January i. Z9i7< T. W. Dealy.
president and managing editor.
Z889 — ^Views, Washington, D. C. Max Cohen, monthly, now published by Kempson
Publishing company; J. F. Kempson, president.
1889— Insoxanoe Advocate, began as the Insorante Echo, Philaddphla, monthly;
transferred to New York and name changed; now weekly; A. W. Roberts,
publisher; E. W. RoberU, editor and manager.
1891— Adjuster, Scm Francisco, monthly, J. A. Carey, editor and publisher.
xSga — Insurance Post of Chicago, semi-monthly, established by Charles A. Hewitt,
now published by Insurance Post Publidiing Co.. now allied with Insurance
Field, Thomas R. Weddell. editor and manager.
x803— >^sUant, New York City. Patrick J. Hanway. monthly: now published by
the Vigilant Publishing Co.
X895 — Insurance Press. New York City, weekly. The Insurance Press. Inc.. Franklin
Webster, president and editor: C. M. Biscay, secretary and treasurer.
X895 —Life Insurance Courant, Oak Park, 111. Monthly, published by Flitcraft Life
Insurance Works.
itm — ^Insurance Report, Denver. Col., Garrett Brown, monthly; now published
by Insurance RJeport Co., Cyrus K. Drew, editor and manager.
1897 — National Underwriter. Chicago and Cincinnati, Ohio, started as the Ohio
Underwriters'. Ohio, by E. Jay Wohlgemuth, every other Thursday; changed
to weekly, and combined with Black and White. Present name adopted
January i. 1917* Present publishers. National Underwriter Company.
E. J. Wohlgemuth, president; John F. Wohlgemuth, secretary and general
manager; C. M . Cartwright, managing editor; Fire, life and casualty editions
weekly.
X899— Insurance Field, Louisville. Ky.. published by the Insurance Field Com-
pany, Inc.: C. I. Hitchcock, president; Ben. P. Branham, M. W. Davidson
and J. E. Dunne, vice-presidents; H. T. Davidson, treasurer: E. E. Straus,
secretary; Young E. Allison and Champion I. Hitchcock, editors; Charles
Dobbs, managing editor: A. H. Leekamp, associate editor; weekly; (fire,
life and casualty editions).
X90Z — Insurance Leader, St. Louis, Mo., monthly, by the Leader Publishing Com-
pany, Garrett Brown, editor and manager.
xgod — Best's Insurance News, Alfred M. Best Company, New York, monthly.
1903 — ^American Agency Bulletin. Boston. Mass.. monthly: published by the National
Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents. Publication office, New York.
Weekly edition.
X90S — ^Northwest Insuzance, St. Paul. MinzL, monthly; James C. Matchltt, editor
and publisher.
Z905 —Expositor. Newark, N. J., monthly; The Expositor Compcmy, now published
by the Public Safety Co.
X90S — ^Underwriters Report, San Francisco, established by John C. Piver as Life
Insurance Report, published monthly. Changed to a weekly in Z907 and
name changed. Now published by the Underwriters Report, Inc.
X9o6 — ^Ltfe Association News, New York City, monthly; Everett M. Ensign, editor
and znanager (official organ National Association of Life Uxulerwriters).
1907 — Eastern Underwriter, New York, combined with Monthly Journal of Insurance
Economics. Published weekly by Eastern Underwriter Company; Clar-
ence Axman. president and editor; W. L. Hadley, secretary and business
manager.
Z9JO— Hines Bulletin, monthly, C. C. Hine's Sons Co.. New York, N. Y. Edward T.
Harris, editor.
Fraternal Monitor, Mount Morris, 111., monthly editorial offices Rochester,
N. Y., A. S. Hamilton, secretary and manager; Walter Basye, vice-president
and editor.
Western Review, fraternal magazine, monthly. Mount Morris, III., editorial
office, Chicago, 111., Published by Eidson Publishing Co., C. H. Robinson,
president and treasurer.
306 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Besides these regular class papers, there are several daily and
weekly papers which devote more or less space to insurance news
and the discussion of insurance questions. The principal of these
papers are the New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial
Dullelin, W. S. Crawford, insurance editor; New York Commercial,
and Boston Globe, John Buchanan, editor.
Several fire insurance companies and a laree number of life com-
panies and several casualty companies issue weekly, monthly, quarterly
or occasional company papers. The National Fire Protection Associa-
tion also issues an association quarterly, founded in 1896, and devoted
to fire protection* and prevention, and several other associations fire,
life and casualtv including actuarial societies, regularly publish the
proceedings of their annual meetings. There are some thirty weekly,
monthly and quarterly papers prmted by mutual beneficiary soci-
eties.
During 192 1 death removed from insurance journalism Robert
R. Dearden, editor of the United States Review, Philadelphia, and
Max Cohen formerly publisher of Views, Washington, D. C.
INTERBORO MUTUAL INDEMNITY INSURANCE COM-
PANY. 109 East 15th Street, New York, N. Y. Organized 1914 as
the Brewers Mutual Indemnity insurance company. Peter Doelger,
president; John C. Heintz, vice-president; John Reisenweber, second
vice-president; William P. Rinckhoff, treasurer; Charles A. Schultz,
secretary; Edward L. McManus, Jr., general manager; Walter H.
Willard, assistant secretary.
INTER-MOUNTAIN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Salt
Lake City, Utah. Organized 191 1; cash capital, $124,510. J. O.
Carter, president; Thos. R. Cutler, first vice-president; Joshua Green-
wood, second vice-president; Richard R. Lyman, third vice-president;
Charles C. Friel, secretary; Robert N. Griswold, actuary; L. J. Muir,
superintendent of agents; Dr. Geo. W. Middleton and Dr. S. H. Allen,
medical directors.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CASUALTY AND
SURETY UNDERWRITERS. This association was organized in
October, 191 1, by the merger of the International Association of Acci-
dent Underwriters, and Board of Casualty and Surety Underwriters.
The meeting at which the organization was completed was held in
New York City, October ly and 18, 191 1, and a constitution and by-
laws adopted. The Liability Insurance Association also later was
merged with the association. The organization at first was divided into
sections, representing the different classes of casualty insurance and
each section had its chairman and standing committees. At the 1915
meeting amendments to the constitution were adopted which changed
somewhat the early form of organization, the effect beine to do away
with the sectional organizations. A "bureau membership was created,
under which the various bureaus and associations, each having its
special field of work, could become members, the executive officer of
LiFB AND Casualty Sbctzon ' 307
such bureau or association became a vic^president of the International
Association. The constitution was further changed at the annual
meeting in 191 7. The officers are as follows: President, A. Duncan
Reid, Globe Indemnity; Vice-president, F. Highland Burns, Maryland
Casualty; Chairman of Executive Commitee, Norman R. Moray, vice-
president and general manager, Hartford Accident & Indemnity Com-
pany; Secretary-Treasurer, F. Robertson Jones, 80 Maiden Lane, New
York.
The following is the membership roll:
American Re-insurance. Metropolitan Casualty.
Aetna Casualty and Surety. Natioiol Casualty.
Aetna Life Insurance. National Life of the United States.
American Casualty. Niagara Life.
American Surety. National Surety.
Columbian National Life. New Amsterdam Casualty.
Commercial Casualty. New Jersey Fidelity and Plate Glass.
Commercial Travelers Eastern Accident. New York Plate Glass.
Commercial Travelers Mutual Accident. Norwich Union Indemnity
Connecticut General Life. Ocean Accident and Guarantee.
Continental Casualty. Pacific Mutual Life.
Dominion Gresham Guarantee and Reliance Life
Casualty. Royal Indemnity.
Employers' Liability. Stsindard Accident.
European General Re-insuranoe. Southern Casualty.
Federal Surety. Southern Surety.
Fidelity and Deposit. Travelers.
First Reinsurance United States Casualty.
General Casualty and Surety. Union Indemnity.
General Accident, Fire and Life. Zurich General Accident and Liability.
Globe Indemnity.
g'^o?SlS33lit'in^1Sfenlty. BUREAU MEMBERS
Hartford Steam Boiler. Bureau of Personal Accident and Health
Indemnity Company of North America. Underwriters, New York, N. Y.
Imperial Guarantee and Accident.
LSSiiont^J^-Accfctent. INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
London and Lanrashire Indemnity. Joseph Froggatt.
Loyal Protective. Bayard Holmes
Maryland Casualty. F. Robertson Jones.
Massachusetts Accident. J. Scofield Rowe.
Massachusetts Bonding. Rutherford H. Towner.
INTERNATIONAL CLAIM ASSOCIATION. Organized 1909
by casualty insurance companies. The present officers, elected in
September, 1921, are: President, R. A. Person, Hartford Accident and
Indemnity; vice-president, J. A. Millener, United Commercial Travel-
ers of America; secretary, C. O. Piper, Bankers' Accident; treasurer,
F. Templeman, Maryland Casualty; executive committee: R. Harold,
Pacific Mutual Life, Chairman: C. O. Pauley, Central Business Men's
Association; T. B. Cookerly, Iowa State Traveling Men's Association;
P. L. Hotchkiss, Aetna Life, J. P. Bennett, United States Casualty.
INTERNATIONAL FIDELITY INSURANCE COMPANY, 15
Exchange Place, Jersey City, N. J. Organized 1904; cash capital
$300,000. Alexander A. Altschuler, president; Clarence T. Johnson,
secretary; Charles E. Turck, treasurer; R. A. Altschuler, assistant
secretary.
308 Cyclopbdia of Insurance
INTERNATIONAL INDEMNITY COMPANY. Los Angeles,
Cal. Organized 191 1; capital. $300,000. N. Blackstock, president
and treasurer; Max E. Hayward. vice-president and general manager;
Frank X. Pfaffinger, vice-president; Emil Johnson, secretary; C. D.
Sloan, assistant secretary.
INTERNATIONAL LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY. Moline.
111. Organized 1916 as the Lutheran International Insurance Company,
capital. $100,000. J. O. Laugman. president; Edward Lundgren. vice-
president; Dr. A. Johnson, secretary and medical director; Edwin
Hult. treasurer. The company adopted its present title in January 1920.
INTERNATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis. Mo. Organized 1909; cash capital. $656,250. Massey Wil-
son, president; J. L. Babler. vice-president and general manager of
agencies; J. P. Hinton. second vice-president; W. F. Grantges. secre-
tary; A. L. Harty. treasurer; H. G. Sell man. actuary; Lloyd Dam-
ron. superintendent of agencies; E. A. Babler. M.D.. medical director.
INTER-OCEAN CASUALTY COMPANY. Cincinnati. Ohio.
Organized 1907; under the laws of Indiana; capital $200,000. J. W.
Scherr. president; G. A. Northcott. vice-president; W. G. Alpaugh,
secretary and treasurer; J. S. Spencer, chairman board.
INTER-SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Louis-
ville, Ky. Organized 1907. James R. Duffin. president; W. W.
Moore, vice-president; C. F. Thomas, second vice-president; J. A.
Donaldson, third vice-president; Stanley Reed, secretary and director
of agents; S. B. Dehoney, auditor; John H. Leathers, treasurer; Bur-
ton Van Dyke actuar>'; Dr. W. T. Willis, medical director; Helen
Bruce, general counsel ; C. B. Nordeman. agency supervisor.
INTER-STATE BUSINESS MEN'S ACCIDENT COMPANY,
Des Moines, la. Organized 1908. F. O. Green, president; Ernest W.
Brown, secretary and treasurer; Chas. P. Waldron, assistant secretary.
INTERSTATE CASUALTY COMPANY. Birmingham. Ala.
Organized 1909; capital. $300,000. Chester Newman, president;
J. T. Stopely, vice-president and general counsel; D. B. Lightner, secre-
tary and treasurer.
INTERSTATE LIFE AND ACCIDENT COMPANY, Chat-
tanooga, Tenn. Organized 1909; cash capital, $150,000. J. W.
Bishop, chairman board of directors; Jos. W. Johnson, president;
O. B. Andrews, vice-president; F. L. Underwood, treasurer; J. R. Leal,
secretary and actuary; Joseph W. Johnson, medical director; John
W. Blevim, manager life department; W. A. Currence, manager
industrial department.
Life and Casualty Section 309
INTERSTATE SURETY COMPANY, Redfield. South Dakota.
Organized 1908; cash capital, $134,200. Chas. L. Nicholson, presi-
dent; W. F. Corrigan and C. D. Sterling, vice-presidents; H. R.
Wood, secretary.
IOWA BONDING AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Des Moines.
Iowa. Organized 1 91 7; capital, $1,000,000. The company re-insured
in the Southern Surety insurance company in 1922 and retired.
IOWA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1870-1922. By act
of the legi^ture of 1868 the auditor of state was charged with the
duties of insurance supervision. [For list of auditors see Cyclopedia
for 1913-14.]
The legislature in 19 13 enacted l^slation creating a separate in-
surance department and designating the official in charge as com-
missioner of insurance. The act provided for the appointment by the
governor of a commissioner on July i, 19 14, to serve until February i,
1915. Thereafter the commissioner was to be appointed by the gov-
ernor for a term of four years at an annual salary of $3,000. Emory H.
English was appointed commissioner under the act, but resigned in
191 7 and J. F. Taake was appointed his successor. The present com-
missioner is Arthur C. Savage appointed in 19 19.
IOWA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Waterloo, la. Organ-
ized 1908; cash capital, $100,000. Charles Wright, president; B. P.
Hoist, vice-president and treasurer; E. D. Cobb, secretary.
IOWA STATE TRAVELING MEN'S ASSOCIATION, Des
Moines, la. Organized 1880. J. W. Hill, president; W. E. Tone, vice-
president; H. E. Rex, secretary and treasurer.
J
JEFFERSON STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Greensboro, N. C. Organized 1907; capital, $350,000. Julian Price,
president and agency manager; J. E. Latham, vice-president and chair-
man Board of Directors; J. Elwood Cox and G. A. Holderness, vice
presidents; W. T. O'Donohue, secretary; Chas. W. Gold, treasurer;
J. P. Turner, J. J. Battle, medical directors; Ralph B. Coit, actuary;
A. L. Brooks, general counsel.
JOHN HANCOCK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. The formation in 1855 of the
Massachusetts Insurance Department was the signal for a campaign
of education in the interest of the policyholder which finally led to
the enactment in 1861, by the Commonwealth, of the first non-for-
feiture law to be placed on any statute book. As an exponent of the
principle of this Massachusetts Non-Forfeiture Law on April 21, 1862,
the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company was chartered,
and commenced business, issuing its first policy on December 24,
1862.
The Company was named "John Hancock" in honor of the first
Governor of Massachusetts and first signer of the I>eclaration of
Independence.
The first president of the company was George P. Sanger, holding
office until August, 1873; he was succeeded in December of the same
year by Lafayette A. Lyon, and he by George Thornton in June 1874,
who was in turn succeeded on March 10, 1879, by Stephen H. Rhodes,
then Insurance Commissioner of Massachusetts, who held the position
until his death, June 11, 1909. He was succeeded by Roland O. Lamb
who entered the Company's service on January 10, 1872. Upon Mr.
Lamb's death, November 14, 192 1, Walton L. Crocker, who had been
for 30 years connected with the Company, was elected President.
In the summer of 1879 the company began to issue Industrial or
Weekly Premium insurance. It was the first mutual life insurance
company to engage in that business in this country, and the first
company to issue participating contracts of that class, as well as to
recognize the non-forfeiture principle by granting cash surrender
values.
The year 1909 brought further indication of the company's policy
of broadening and liberalizing the contracts of Weekly Premium insur-
ance, and of enlarging the benefits to the insured thereunder. Weekly
Premium policies issued in January of that year and thereafter pro-
vide that on the anniversary of the policy after the seventy-fourth
birthday of the insured the policy shall be carried in full force for the
remainder of life without the payment of any further premium. To
make this provision retroactive to apply to prior issued policies the
Life and Casualty Section 311
sum of over one and three quarter million dollars ($1,750,000) was by
the directors added to the legal reserve of all policies in force as of
December 31, 1908.
In 1908 the Company adopted the Standard Industrial Mortality
Table, based on the mortality experience of lives insured under Weekly
Premium policies, a table of recognized standing as a standard for tl^
measurement of the mortality on such policies. The Commonwealth
of Massachusetts authorized the use of this table in 191 1 and to bring
the policy reserves on prior issues to the new basis the directors laid aside
in installments in the general policy reserve the additional sum of
over seven million dollars ($7,000,000) the final installment being made
in 19 13. Thus all policies issued by the Weekly Premium branch of the
company are upon the same adequate reserve basis.
The directors were now in a position to unify and equalize the
scale of mortuary benefits to policies issued prior to the adoption of
the Standard Industrial Mortality Table. They therefore announced
that, beginning January i, 1914, on death claims incurred during 1914
where the contract benefit was less than the scale in use on policies of
the then current issue there would be paid an additional sum to make
the benefit correspond with the present scale. This plan was annually
adopted until 1921, when it became a permanent feature, including
increased non-forfeiture values. The sum of over $12,100,000 has been
added to the policy rese.rve and the amount of insurance permanently
increased by over $58,700,000.
In 1 9 12 the company issued an intermediate policy, $500 in amount,
called the Accumulation Fund Policy. This contract contains many
of the features of the Ordinary Branch policies and has proved popular
with the class for which it is intended.
The company has made the total and permanent disability and
double indemnity benefit provisions a feature in most forms of its
ordinary policy contracts. These provisions are incorporated in the
policy for small additional premiums. The disability and double
indemnity benefits can under certain conditions be added to and made a
part of prior issued policies.
The ordinary options of settlement, in lieu of a single payment in
cash, are four in number, and include settlement by installments or by
limited or^ life annuities, or a combination of the two, or the proceeds
of the policy may be left with the comi>any at interest, to be finally
disposed of as the insured may have designated.
The Ordinary and Industrial policy conditions are abreast in
every essential detail with modern practice in this field, and in some
respects are in advance thereof in broadly granting to the individual
insured all the rights and privileges that can be expected or are con-
sistent with the safety of the interests of the great body of policy-
holders.
The Company has approximately 3,200,000 policyholders whom it
insures under 4,213,392 policies for a total of $1,545,588,197. The
total payments to policyholders since the Company was organized,
312 Cyclopedia of Insurance
plus the accumulated policy reserves held to their credit, as of December
31, 192 1, amounted to $483,962,973.
The official report made to the Massachusetts Insurance Depart-
ment as of December 31, 192 1, gives the financial condition as follows, —
Assets, $232,693,370.97; Liabilities, $226,361,057.83. Safety Funds to
cover all Contingencies, $13,332,313.14.
Officers elected in 1922: President, Walton L. Crocker; vice-
E residents, Robert K. Eaton, John L. Wakefield, Fred E. Nason, Elbert
I. Brock; actuary, L. H. Howe; secretary, Charles J. Diman; treas-
urer, Frank R. Robinson.
Directors: John L. Wakefield, William H. Wellington, Walton L.
Crocker, Elwyn G. Preston, Edward F. Woods, George S. Smith,
Charles L. Aylin^, Robert K. Eaton, Charles F. Adams, Louis K.
Liggett, Paul E. Fitzpatrick, Ernest B. Dane, Howard Coonley, Fred E.
Nason.
K
KANSAS CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY, Wichita,
Kan. Organized 191 2; cash capital, $500,000. The company was
placed in the hands of a receiver in 192 1.
KANSAS CENTRAL INDEMNITY COMPANY, Hutchinson,
Kan. Organized 1916; capital, paid in, $100,000. Charles A. Ryker,
president; F. M. Houston, vice-president; E. G. Woleslagel, secretary;
George J. Brown, treasurer; Frank L. Ebey, agency director.
KANSAS CITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Kansas City,
Mo. Organized 1895, capital $200,000.00. J. B. Reynolds, president;
Wood Arnold, first vice-president, Ed. S. Villmoare, second vice-
president and D. T. Torrens, third vice-president; T. J. Green, treas-
urer; C. N. Sears, secretary; L. C. Owen and E. M. Weaver, assistant
secretaries; Frank W. McAllister, general counsel; Dr. H. E. Baker,
medical director; Dr. H. P. Ball, associate director.
KANSAS, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1871-1922. The
insurance department of Kansas was established by act of March 9,
1 87 1. The msurance superintendent is elected by vote at regular
elections for a term of two years. [For list of officials see Cyclopedia
for 1913-14.]
Carey J. Wilson was appointed for the term ending 1919 and the
present commissioner is Frank Travis, elected in 191 8 and re-elected in
1920.
KANSAS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Topeka, Kan.
Organized 1913; capital, $422,650. John H. Edwards, president;
Wm. C. Smith, vice-president; William H. Eastman, secretary and
treasurer; F. H. Scholle, M.D., medical director; T. J. McComb,
actuary.
KASKASKIA LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY.
Shelbyville, 111. Organized 1913; capital $200,000. W. J. Eddy,
president; George C. Bolinger, vice-president; C. F. Stiarwalt, secre-
tary; J. C. Westervelt, treasurer; C. A. Jackson, assistant secretary.
KENTUCKY CENTRAL LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Anchorage, Kentucky. Organized 191 7; cash
capita], $200,000. F. J. Walker, president; T. H. Matthews, vice-
president; T. O. West, secretary and treasurer; W. B. Fahey, assistant
secretary.
KENTUCKY, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1870-1922.
The insurance bureau is a department of the state auditor's office,
the official in charge being appointed by the state auditor with the
314 Cyclopedia op Insurance
title of insurance commissioner and holding office "until the expiration
of the term for which the auditor making the appointment shall have
been elected, and until a successor has been appointed." [See Cyclo-
pedia for 19 13-14 for list of officials.)
C. F. Thomas was appointed in 19 16 and the present commissioner
is James F. Ramey.
KNIGHTS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERIC\,
Fifth and Liberty avenues, Pittsburgh, Pa. Organized 191 7. Joseph
H. Reiman, president; Herman L. Hegner, vice-president; P. Joseph
Hess, secretary; Joseph G. Renvers, assistant secretary; Charles ].
Jaegle, treasurer; Charles G. Dillon, superintendent of agencies;
F. M. Speakman, actuary; Dr. John C. Hierholzer, medical director.
KNIGHT'S TEMPLARS AND MASONIC MUTUAL AID
ASSOCIATION, Cincinnati, Ohio. Organized 1877. Wm. B. Melish,
president; Arthur J. Da vies, secretary.
L
LAFAYETTE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. U Fayette.
Ind. Organized 1905. A. E. Werkhoff, president; Edgar Goldsberry,
vice-president; Warren W. Lane, secretary and treasurer; E. L,
Marshall, actuary; W. R. Smith, superintendent of agencies; M. M.
Lairy, M. D., medical director; F. L. Alexander, controller; J. W.
Link, cashier.
LAFAYETTE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Lumberton, N. C. Organized 1909. W. J. Beattie, Jr., president;
E. E. Page, secretary and treasurer; Dr. Seavey Highsmith and Dr.
F. F. Costner, medical directors; Q. K. Nimocks, general counsel.
LAMAR LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Jackson,
Miss. Organized 1906; capital stock, $130,000. H. S. Weston,
president; C. W. Welty, vice-president and general manager; P. K.
Lutken, second vice-president; W. D. Owens, secretary; A. G. Miller,
assistant secretary; Albert Babbitt, actuary; J. O. Segura, M.D.,
medical director; W. Calvin Wells, general counsel.
LIBERTY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Roosevelt State
Bank Building, Chicago, 111. Orj^anized and began business 1921;
cash capital $100,000. Frank L. uillespie, president; Oscar DePrust,
treasurer; W. Ellis Stewart, secretary; James H. Jones, assistant
secretary and cashier; E. H. Carry, director of agencies; M. O. Bous-
field, chairman medical board; E. B. Dickerson, general counsel.
LIBERTY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Des Moines, Iowa.
Organized 1919; cash capital, $101,000. W. L. Harding, president;
T. T. Blaise, vice-president and medical director, C. J. LeValley,
treasurer; G. D. Thomas, secretary; W. J. Barr, actuary.
LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 210 Linooln
St., Boston, Mass. Organized 1912. Walter S. Bucklin, president;
David S. Beyer, vice-president and chief engineer; S. Bruce Black,
vice-president; Wallace B. Donham, board vice-president; Clark E.
Woodward, secretary; Oscar H. Simmons, Jr., treasurer; John W.
Cronin, general attorney; George W. Morse, M.D., medical director;
Roy A. Wheder, actuary, Clifton D. Cahoon, assistant secretary;
George A. Cowee, chief underwriter; Chas. R. Wilder, resident vice-
president. New York; Lewis F. Tuells, resident vice-president, Chicago;
Ray A. Ilg., district manager, Philadelphia. Writes workmen's com-
pensation, automobile and the various lines of liability insurance.
316 Cyclopedia of Insurance
LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Dayton, Ohio.
Organized 1909; reorganized 191 8. C. A. Fimkhouser, president;
G. B. McCann, vice-president; J. R. Jones secretary, treasurer and
managing underwriter.
LIFE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Nashville,
Tenn. Organized 1903 as an assessment company, reorganized as a
legal reserve company 1910; capital, 9350,000. A. M. burton, presi-
dent; Guilford Dudley, vice-president; J. E. Acuff, second vice-
president; H. B. Folk, secretary; C. S. Gwin, auditor; J. C. Franklin,
treasurer; G. L. Hicks, assistant treasurer: P. M. Estes, counsel;
Allen Dunkerley, assistant secretary; H. J. Longwell, second assistant
secretary; F. M. Phillippi, actuary; J. S. Ward, medical director;
E. M. Shepherd, assistant medical director.
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, was in-
corporated under an Act of the Legislature of Virginia, approved
March 21, 1871, which provided that the capital stock of the com-
pany should not be less than $50,000. The original capital was, how-
ever, $200,000, which was reduced in 1886 to $100,000. Since the last
named year it has been increased from time to time and is now $1 ,500,000.
Until 1887 the principal business of the company nv'as Ordinary
Insurance, but in that year the company organized an Industrial
Department, in which policies for small amounts were issued with
premiums payable weekly, thus giving those who are not financially
able to carry large amounts, with premiums payable annually, semi-
annually or quarterly, an opportunity to obtain insurance.
The company has never adopted any high pressure methods, but
it has had a very steady growth from year to year, and on December 31,
192 1, had $214,188,461 of insurance in force and $28,308,^9.13 of
assets. The business of the company for many years past has been
strictly non-participating, and about 94 per cent of the insurance
now in force is on that basis.
It has always been the aim of the company to give the greatest
amount of protection possible for the premiums paid, and the pre-
mium rates in both the Ordinary and Industrial Branches have been
greatly reduced in the past fifteen years. Liberal concessions have
also been granted to its old policyholders in the shape of mortuary
bonuses and larger surrender values. The last reduction in premiums
in both Ordinary and Industrial Branches became effective in 191 6,
and the premium rates are exceptionally low.
All claims are promptly paid, checks for settlement of over 98 per
cent of all death claims being mailed on the day proofs are received.
On December 31, 192 1, the amount which had been paid to policy-
holders since organization was nearly $28,000,000.
Over three-fourths of the company's investments are in first
mortgages on real estate worth double the amount loaned. These
have been carefully selected and the company has had to foreclose
Life and Casualty Section 317
only three mortgages for the past ten years. It is the custom of the
company as far as practicable to invest its funds in the territory in
which it operates.
The company values its business on the level premium plan.
Ordinary business issued prior to 1901 is valued on the Actuaries
or Combined Experience Table of Mortality with 4 per cent interest.
Ordinary business issued since 1 901 is valued on the American
Experience Table of Mortality with 3 and s}i per cent interest.
Industrial business is valued on the Standard Industrial Table of
Mortality with 3>^ per cent interest.
The company issues the most approved forms of insurance and
annuity contracts, which are clear, concise and liberal, granting all
the usual concessions contained in insurance policies.
The company is licensed in Alabama, District of Columbia,
Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, South
Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia.
The company was examined by the Insurance Department of
Virginia and North Carolina in 1920, and was found to be in first-
class condition, and no criticism of the management was made.
The officers of the company are: John G. Walker, president;
W. L. T. Rogerson, A. S. Hurt, L. R. Walker, vice-presidents;
J. S. Davenport, Jr., actuary; G. C. Hall, M. D., medical di-
rector; Reginald Gilham, treasurer; A. C. McKenney, secretary;
I. T. Townsend, assistant secretary. The board of directors is as fol-
lows: J. G. Walker, J. M. Miller, Jr., L. R. Walker, W. L. T. Rogerson,
A. S. Hurt, B. H. Walker, J. S. Davenport, Jr., A. C. McKenney and
Reginald Gilham.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS* ASSOCIATION OF BUFFALO,
N. Y., was ora^anized November 9, 1886, and the following officers
elected: W. G. Justice, president; J. W. Pressey, vice-president;
W. H. Formosa, second vice-president; W. Manning, secretary; R.
Butler, treasurer. The present officers, elected at the annual meeting
in February, 192 1, are: President, Newton E. Turgeon, Union Central
Life; vice-president, Wm. H. Stanley; second vice-president, Melvin
P. Porter, Massachusetts Mutual; secretary, Sidney Wertimer, 205
Liberty Building, Buffalo, N. Y. ; treasurer, Edwin C.Haas.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
MASSACHUSETTS, INC., was organized at Worcester, Mass., October
14, 1899, with the following officers: President, W. A. Bailey; vice-
presidents, H. E. Townsend, H. L. TrafTord; secretary, S. Hamilton
Coe; treasurer, Herbert P. Hopkins. The present officers, elected in
June, 1921, are: President, W. Gray Harris; vice-president, John E.
Hartland; secretary, Otis D. Arnold, Worcester; treasurer, Frank E
Dodge.
318 Cyclopedia of Insurance
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF CHICAGO
was organized January 15, 1889, the initial meeting looking toward
the formation of the association being held DecemMr 7, 1888. The
original officers were: J. W. Janney, president; A. L. Chetlain, first
vice-president; W. S. Swymmer, second vice-president; John H.
Nolan, secretary; L. A. Spicer, treasurer. At the annual meeting,
held in November, 1921, the following officers were elected: Presi-
dent, Darby A. Day, Mutual Life, N. Y.; vice-president, Harry C.
McNamer; secretary and treasurer, Ed. J. Faltysek; executive com-
mittee, W. J. Arnette, H. Ware Caldwell, John H. Dingle, Carl Joseph,
Joseph Mills, Harper Moulton, Robert F . Shafer, Jens Smith, U. C.
Upjohn, John W. Yates and the officers. Office 611 People's Gas
Building.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF KANSAS CITY,
MISSOURI, was organized there in October, 1888, electing C. D.
Whitehead, president; J. E. Lord and J. A. Lewis, vice-presidents, and
C p. Mills, secretary. The present officers elected at the annual meet-
ing in June 192 1, are: William Hughes, president; Charles R. Mat-
thews and Sam C. Pearson, vice-presidents. A. E. Myers, i New
England Building, secretary and treasurer.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
was organized as the Life Insurance Association of New York, in
the city of New York, Tanuarv 18. 1887, the first officers being: Charles
H. Raymond of the Mutual Life, president; Gilford Morse of the
Massachusetts Mutual, first vice-president; L. Spencer Goble of the
Mutual Benefit, second vice-president; Alvah W. Brown of the Mutual
Life, third vice-president; Charles T. Dunwell, of the Berkshire Life,
secretary; George F. Hadley of the Brooklyn Life, treasurer.
The present officers of the association, elected at the annual meet-
ing in June 1922, are: President, George A. Smith, New England
Mutual; vice-president, Edward J. Sisley, Travelers; second vice-
president, L. A. Cerf, Mutual Benefit Life; third vice-president, C. B.
Knight, Union Central Life; secretary and treasurer, W. R. Collins,
National Life of Vermont.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF OREGON was
organized in 1904. Officers were elected as follows: President, C. W.
Sherman; first vice-president, W. S. Pond; second vice-president,
H. G. Colton; secretary, R. H. Pickering. The present officers
elected at the annual meeting in February, 1922, are: President,
E. N. Strong; secretary, Robert E. Nullen, 1208 Northwestern Bank
Building, Portland.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF SAN FRAN-
CISCO was organized in March, 1895. The officers elected at the first
meeting were: Henry K. Field, New England Mutual Life, president;
John Landers, Manhattan Life, vice-president; Clarence M. Smith,
Northwestern Mutual Life, secretary; Dr. F. A. Archibald, Union Cen-
Life and Casualty Section 319
tral Life, treasurer. The present officers, holding office to September
I, 1922, are: President, Sol J. Vogel, New York Life; vice-president,
Seth B. Thompson, Union Central; secretary, A. V. Bayley, Jr.,
Northwestern Mutual; treasurer, Walter J. Mayer, Aetna.
LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
MASSACHUSETTS. This association was organized at Spring-
field, Mass., October 6, 1894. Officers were elect^ as follows: James
L. Johnson, of the Massachusetts Mutual, president; George H.
Sutton of the Mutual Life, and H. K. Simons of the Equitable Litfe,
vice-presidents; Henry P. Roberts of the Union Mutual Life, secre-
tary; Archibald Ladner, of the Provident Life and Trust, treasurer.
The present officers of the Association, elected at the annual meeting
in February, 1921, are: Clark L. Richards, president; T. E. Trombley,
vice-president; Alexander Sharpe, second vice-president; Ernest C.
Holt, secretary; A. A. Metcalf, treasurer.
LINCOLN ACCIDENT AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Lincoln Neb. Organized ij^io; capital, $100,000. S. H. Bumham,
president; O. J. Collman, vice-president and manager; R. E. Weaver-
ling, secretary; G. W. Collman, treasurer; L. W. McLennan, super-
intendent of agents.
LINCOLN LIBERTY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lin-
coln, Neb. Organized 1919; cash capital $100,000. Don L. Love, pre-
sident; J. A. Reichenbach, vice-president; Ira Cook, vice-president;
W. E. Barkley, treasurer; Jos. Goldstein, secretary; C. J. Campbell,
counsel; G. H. Walker, medical director.
LINCOLN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Fort
Wa^rne, Ind. Organized 1905; capital, $500,000. Samuel M. Foster,
president; Arthur F. Hall, nrst vice-president and general manager;
Walter T. Shepard, vice-president and manager of agences; Thomas D.
Hughes, vice-president and manager of northwest agencies; Daniel B.
Ninde, vice-president and counsel; Franklin B. Mead, secretary and
actuary; Howell C. Rockhill, treasurer.
LINCOLN RESERVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Bir.
zningham, Ala. Organized in 19 12 as the Afro- American Life Insurance
Company; present title adopted in 1915; capital, paid in, $113,280.
Jf, F. Stallings, president; T. Parker Hudmon, vice-president; J. R.
Burns, secretary; J. Lee Long, treasurer; Dr. James E. Seay, medical
director.
LIVE STOCK INSURANCE. Statistics of this class of insur-
a.nce in the United States are extremely incomplete, as much of it
is transacted by farniers' township mutual and assessment companies.
A number of companies have been organized on the stock basis to trans«
act this class of business, and, with one exception, all the stock com-
panies have been organized since 1905. The principal stock companies
transacting this class of business are: Amercan Live Stock Insurance
320 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Company, Omaha, Neb.; Central Live Stock Insurance Company,
Kankakee, 111.; Farmers & Breeders' Live Stock Insurance Company,
Danville, 111.; Hartford Live Scock Insurance Company, Hartford,
Conn.; Kaskaskia Live Stock Insurance Company, Shelby ville, 111.;
Metropolitan Live Stock Insurance Company, Springfield, 111. ; National
Live Stock Insurance Company, Des Moines, la.; Nebraska Live
Stock Insurance Company, Omaha, Neb.; Iowa State Live Stock,
Des Moines, la.
The following is a statement of the business of stock companies
in 192 I :
Premiums Written Losses Paid
American, Omaha $ii9i323 $79t9z6
Farmers and Breeders. Danville
Hartford 936,801 ''22,115
Har ford, Accident 10,382 58,426
Kaskaskia, Shelbyville, 111 147,970 68,1x9
Nebraska ... 66,398 53.7^4
Metropolitan, Springfield, 111 112,298 46,735
Total I92I $1,393,072 $929,035
Tota. 1920 1,867,128 1, 109^68
Total 1919 1,789,234 838,378
Total 1918 i,09iii29 071^317
LLOYDS PLATE GLASS INSURANCE COMPANY of New
York. Organized 1882; capital, $500,000. William T. Woods, presi-
dent; William A. Nash, vice-president; C. E. W. Chambers, sec-
retary and treasurer; Robert K. Meneely, assistant secretary, i Liberty
street.
LONDON AND LANCASHIRE INDEMNITY COMPANY
OF AMERICA, New York, N. Y. Organized 1915; capital, $750,000
A. G. McUwaine, president; W. Thompson, vice-president; Edwin
Gissing, secretary; administrative office, Hartford, Conn.
LONDON GUARANTEE AND ACCIDENT COMPANY.
LTD., of London. Established 1869; entered United States in 1892.
F. W. Lawson, United States manager, Chicago, 111.
LOUISIANA. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. The secre-
tary of state is charged with the supervision of insurance interests
in Louisiana. He is authorized to appoint an assistant secretary of
state, who has in recent years been given charge of the insurance
department. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for list of former officials.]
James J. Bailey is secretary of state, and R. H. Flower is the present
deputy in charge of insurance supervision.
LOUISIANA STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Shreve-
port, La. Organized 191 1; capital, $250,000. W. T. Crawford,
president; J. Homer Jordan, vice-president; T. P. Lloyd, vice-president
and medical director; R. M. Henderson, secretary; W. E. Glassell.
treasurer; H. C. Brown, superintendent of agencies.
Life and Casualty Section 321
LOUISVILLE ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS
was organized in 1904. The present officers, elected at the annual
meeting in January, 192 1, are: Harvey White, president; Lewis C.
Cook, secretary, Starks Building, Louisville.
LOYAL PROTECTIVE INSURANCE COMPANY, Boston,
Mass. Organized 1895; reorganized as a stock company, 1909; cap-
ital, $100,000. S. A. Allen, president; C. M. Goodnow, vice-president;
F. R. Parks, secretary; Edward L. Goodnow, treasurer.
LUMBER MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY
OF NEW YORK, 66 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Organized 1914.
Maurice E. Preisch, president; Horace F. Taylor, vice-president;
Eugene F. Perry, vice-president and manager; Charles F. Fischer,
treasurer; Thomas H. silver, secretary; D. Theodore Kelly, counsel.
LUTHERAN MUTUAL AID SOCIETY, Waverly, Iowa.
Organized 1879. O. Hardwig, president; G. A. Grossmann, secretary.
M
MAGNOLIA STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Jackson,
Miss. Organized 1921. S. J. Taylor, president; James Williamson,
T. A. O'Herin and T. D. Rees, vice-presidents; Joe Cook, treasurer;
William Thornton, manager underwriting department; Willis Walley,
M.D., medical director and secretary pro tern,
MAINE. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1868-1922. The
insurance department in Maine was organized by act of the legisla-
ture in 1868, the chief official being the insurance commissioner, who
is appointed by the governor for four years. [For list of supervising
officials see Cyclopedia for 1913-14.]
E. J. Carter was appointed in 19 15 and the present commissioner
is E. Waldron Smith, appointed in 191 8.
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, of
New York. Organized 1850, with a guaranteed capital of Sioo.ooo.
The government of the company is a mixed one, each share of the
guaranteed capital being entitled to a vote for directors, and each
person insured for life paying a premium not less than $75 is entitled
to vote. The officers are: Thomas E. Lovejoy, president; John F.
Roche, vice-president; Melvin De Mott, secretary; A. P. McMurtrie,
Harvey R. Halsey, assistant secretaries; Walter N. Stanley, actuary.
Z. Taylor Emery, M. D., medical director. Home office, 66 Broadway,
New York.
MANUFACTURERS' AND MERCHANTS' LIFE INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Rockford, 111. The company changed its name
to the Elgin Life Insurance Company, and moved its head-quarters to
Elgin in 1921.
MANUFACTURERS' CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,
Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 191 5; capital, paid in, $340,215. Jas.
K. Allen, president; Chas. J. Thomson, vice-president; Leroy W'ood,
secretary; Adam Suelke, treasurer.
MANUFACTURERS LIABILITY INSURANCE COMPANY,
Jersey City, N. J. Organized 1921; capital, $500,000. A. E. William-
son, president; E. S. Holman, vice-president; J. G. S. Johnson, secre-
tary and treasurer; L. N. Simmons, assistant secretary; F. E. Kleber,
assistant treasurer.
MARQUETTE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Springfield,
111. Organized 1908. Capital, paid-in, $254,340 Joseph C. Bernard
president; John H. Feckter, vice-president; Julius M. Cass, secretary;
Oscar F. Weisenberg, assistant secretary; Nicholas Armhein, treasurer;
Emil L. Bernard, M.D., medical director; Frank L. Trutter, counsel!
MARYLAND ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Baltimore. Md.
Organized 19 17; cash capital, $500,000. (Life insurance). F.Highlands
Burns, president; E. J. Bond, Jr., vice-president; E. A. Hartman, Jr.
secretary and treasurer.
Life and Casualty Section 323
MARYLAND CASUALTY COMPANY of Baltimore, Md.
Organized 1898; capital, $3,500,000. F. Highlands Bums, president;
£. J. Bond, Jr., first vice-president; Jas. L. Sellman, second vice-
president; James H. Stone, third vice-president; Richard H. Thomp-
son, fourth vice-president; James H. Patton, treasurer; John A.
Hartman, secretary; W. T. Harper, H. B. Sprague, E. E. Kolb; L. C.
Reynolds, assistant secretaries; Raymond N. Brown, assistant treasurer.
MARYLAND, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1872-1922.
The Maryland insurance department was established by act of le^s-
lature of 1872, the appointment of insurance commissioner being
vested in the board of public works, composed of the governor, state
treasurer, and state comptroller. The term of ofiice is four years.
[For list of supervising officials see Cyclopedia for 19 13-14.]
Wm. M. Shehan was appointed in 1912 and reappointed in 1916,
but resigned and was succeeded in 19 19 by Thomas J. Keating.
MARYLAND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore,
Md. Organized 1865 ; capital, $100,000. Douglas H. Rose, president;
Wm. S. Blackford, vice-president; W. H. Wootton, second vice-
president; Geo. R. Kolb, treasurer and comptroller; Chas. G. Smith,
secretary; Gordon Wilson, M. D., medical director.
MASONIC LIFE ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N. Y. Organized
1872. Nelson. O. Tiffany, president; John M. Hull, vice-president;
Joseph L. Whittet, second vice-president; George H. Chase, secre-
tary; E. Parker Waggoner, assistant secretary; George P. Wilkins,
treasurer; A. W. Hmgerer, M. D., medical director. Membership
confined to the Order of Free and Accepted Masons.
MASONIC ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY, Springfield,
Mass. Organized 1901. Re-incorporated 192 1; capital, $100,000
S. W. Munsell, president; C. W. Young, vice-president and general
manager; Gurdon W. Gordon, treasurer; A. R. Rice, M.D., medical
director.
MASONIC MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION OF THE DIS-
TRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington, D. C. William Montgomery,
president; J. Harry Cunningham, vice-president; J. P. Yort, secretary
and actuary; Charles E. Baldwin, treasurer; Geo. W. Evans, assistant
treasurer; John B. Nichols, M.D., medical director; John V. Sees, gen-
eral counsel.
MASONIC PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, Worcester, Mass.
(See Massachusetts Protective Association, Inc.]
MASSACHUSETTS ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY.
161 Devonshire street, Boston, Mass. Organized 1908; capital,
$150,000. G. Leonard McNeil, president; I. M. Hathaway, secretary.
MASSACHUSETTS BONDING AND INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Boston, Mass. Organized in 1907; capital, $1,500,000. T. J.
Falvey, president; James L. Richards, Joseph H. O'Neil, Samuel S.
Perry, Cornelius G. Fitzgerald, George W. Berry, John J. Flynn and
William H. Conroy, vice-presidents; John T. Burnett, secretary and
324 Cyclopedia of Insurance
treasurer; Charles W. Fletcher, assistant secretary, comptroller and
assistant treasurer; R. C. De Normandie, Everett H. Critchett and
Wallace J. Falvey, assistant secretaries; G. A. Robertson, assistant
secretary and assistant treasurer.
MASSACHUSETTS, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1855-
1922. The insurance department in Massachusetts was on^nized
in i'855. There were three commissioners ori^nally. By Chapter
177, Acts of 1858, the board of three commissioners was abolished,
and a board of two subadtuted. The latter was abolished by Chap-
ter 255, Acts of 1866. Since that time the duties of supervision have
been performed by one official, termed insurance commissioner, who
is appointed by the governor and confirmed by the council, for a term
of three years. [For list of supervising officials see Cyclopedia for
1913-14.I
Frank H. Hardison, first appointed in 1907 and reappointed in
191 o, 191 3, 191 6, retired in IQ19 under the age retirement law, and
was succeeded by Clarence W. Hobbs.
MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Springfield, Mass., was incorporated May 15, 1851, and is-
sued its first policy under date of August 2 of that ]^ear. The charter
authorized a guaranteed capital of $100,000, which, however, was
retired October i, 1867, under a special act of 1866 authorixing the
redemption of the stock out of accumulated surplus, and since 1867
the company has been purely mutual. The company's assets Decem-
ber 31, 1867, bein^ the last year in which the company operated under
the guarantee capital, amounted to $1,858,243.63, and tne total num-
ber of policies in force was 9,158, the amount of insurance involved
being $21,261,936.
The company's statement, December 31 , 1921, showed total assets
of $147,090,913; total liabilities, $140,571,91 1 ; and surplus, $6,519,002.
Total income in 1921 was $33,875,310; total disbursements, $19,495,782.
The new insurance paid for in 192 1 numbered 33,056 policies insuring
for $132,187,583, and the insurance in force numbered 286,202 policies,
involving total insurance of $817,054,519. The company has paid to
its policyholders since organization the sum of $181,811,803.
It is licensed in all the states except Arkansas, Arizona, Wyoming,
Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, South Carolina, Norrii
Dakota and Texas.
The company issues the usual forms of policies, among thenr being
Installment Options, Continuous Monthly Income, and Joint Life.
Waiver of premium and annuity payment in case of total and permanent
disability is included when desired. It issues immediate annuities,
single life, and joint life and survivor; also deferred annuities.
Reserve basis: incorporation (1851) to December 31, 1900, Ac-
tuaries' 4%; January i, 1901, to September 30, 1907, American 3H%;
since October i, 1907, American 3%.
Life and Casualty Section 325
The company pays dividends at all points: — beginning at end of
first policy year, whether or not next premium is paid; during the pre-
mium-paying period; after the premium-paying period; on policies
that have lapsed and become paid-up for a reduced amount; on ex-
tended insurance; on paid-up additions; and an annual interest divi-
dend on balances of installment policies held by the company.
The first Home Office, occupied at incorporation, was a single
room at 500 Main Street. In 1868 the Home Office was removed to
413 Main Street, where a five-story building had been erected. In
1908 the company bought the site and building at 500 Main Street,
where the first Home Office had been located, and put up the present
building — after forty years' occupancy of the previous home. The
present building is substantial, of steel and limestone, and contains
eight floors.
The officers and directors are: William W. McClench, president;
William H. Sargeant, first vice-president; Henry Loeb, second vice-presi-
dent; Wheeler H. Hall, secretary; Charles H. Angell, actuary; Alex-
ander T. Maclean, assistant actuary; Joseph C. behan, superintend-
ent of agencies; directors, Charles H. Angell, Howard R. Bemis, L. W.
Besse, Van Lear Black, W'inford N. Caldwell, Victor E. Edwards,
Harry G. Fisk, George B. Holbrook Charles M. Holmes, Henry Loeb,
VV. S. Martin, Wm. W. McClench, J. K. Milliken, Wm. H. Sargeant,
William Skinner, Willard F. Smith, William I. Taber, Jacquelin P.
Taylor, Andrew B. Wallace, Albert E. F. White.
MASSACHUSETTS PLATE GLASS INSURANCE COMPANY,
19 Central Street, Boston, Mass. Organized 1919; cash capital $100,
000. Charles D. B. Fisk, president; G. W. Hinkley and M. L.Morri-
son, vice-presidents; Louis A. Ginsburg, secretary and treasurer;
Paul Wainwright, managing underwriter.
MASSACHUSETTS PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, INC, THE
Worcester, Mass. Organized 1895; reorganized as a stock company in
1909; capital, $100,000. Francis A. Harrington, president; William C.
Johnson, vice-president; Lemuel G. Hodgkins, secretary; Frank C.
Harrington, treasurer; Charles A. Harrington, general manager.
Forrherly Masonic Protective Association, present title adopted in 1922.
MASSACHUSETTS TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY, Bos-
ton, Mass. Organized 1885; capital, $104,200. Henry VV. Da vies,
president; Chas. Matlack, treasurer.
MEDICAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,
Waterloo, Iowa. Organized 1921. Capital $100,200. Dr. W. A.
Rohlf, president; Wm. F. Getsch, vice-president; I. G. Londergan,
secretary and general manager; H. W. Wilhelms, treasurer; Sheldon
Blair, agency supervisor.
326 Cyclopedia of Insurance
MEDICAL PROTECTIVE COMPANY, Fort Wayne, Ind.
Oreanized 1909; capital, $100,000. Louis Fox, president; Charles A.
Wilding, vice-president; Byron H. Somers, secretary; M. C. Niezer,
treasurer. Writes physicians defense and indemnity.
MERCHANTS LIFE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 1908; reorganized as a stock
company 1914; capital, $100,000. S. D. Works, president; John £.
Burchard, treasurer; A. F. Stolz, secretary apd managing underwriter.
The company is controlled by the Zenith Companies, Inc., Minneapolis,
Minn.
MERCHANTS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Des Moines,
la. Organized in 1894 as the Merchants Life Association; reorgan-
ized in 19 1 5 as a legal reserve company; capital, $400,000. Wm. A.
Watts, president; Claude Hamilton, vice-president; John A. Mc-
Kellar, vice-president; Clay H. Hollister, treasurer; Frank H. Davis,
secretary and actuary; R. A. Norton, vice-president; Dr. Carl Stuts-
man, medical director.
MERCHANTS RESERVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
5 North La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. Organized 1907. F. A. Tinkham,
president; Samuel B. Fleager, secretary.
METHODIST MINISTERS RELIEF INSURANCE AND
TRUST ASSOCIATION, Boston, Mass. Organized 1878; reorgan-
ized as a legal reserve company in 191 1. L. H. Murlin, president;
William I. Ward, vice-president; L. A. Nies, second vice-president;
H. L. Wriston, secretary and manager; C. W. Blackett, treasurer.
Office, Wesleyan Building, Copley Square, Boston, Mass.
METROPOLITAN CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY of
New York. Organized 1874; capital, $200,000. Eugene H. Wins-
low, president; Robert A. Drysdale, vice-president; S. W. Burton,
secretary; Albert H. Lahy, assistant secretary.
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY of New
York was originally chartered as a casualty company, and began
business as the National Travelers Insurance Company. The act
of incorporation was passed May 5, 1866. The title was changed
by an act passed March 24. 1868, becoming the Metropolitan Life
Insurance (Jompany. The casualty feature of the business was dis-
continued and life insurance adopted.
In 1879 the Metropolitan adopted the working methods of the
system of insurance known as the English industrial plan, as exempli-
fied by the London Prudential, which had attained great popularity
in Great Britain, and the issue of industrial policies was commenced
in November of that year.
The system developed with great rapidity and success, and the prin-
cipal insurance departments discussed it in annual reports with much
favor.
Life and Casualty Section 327
In 1892 the company incorporated in its industrial contracts a
clause providing; for paid-up insurance after payment of premiums for
five years. This was the beginning of a long series of concessions and
increasingly liberal provisions granted from time to time to industrial
policyholders, including cash and credit bonuses and dividends in various
forms, revival concessions for lapsed policies, liberalization of policy con-
ditions and non-forfeiture privileges, increases in benefits, etc. During
the nineteen years, 1897- 191 5, with no stipulation in the policies, ex-
pressed or implied, the company paid or credited to Industrial policy-
holders in the various forms of bonuses declared prior to mutualization
over forty-nine millions of dollars, and the additional cost of con-
cessions in reserve liability exceeded four and Ojne-half million dollars.
Various attacks have been made on child life insurance in the legis-
latures of different states. In 1895 there was a hearing before the Massa-
chusetts legislature, lasting six weeks. Testimony was taken by the
committee running into thousands of pages; society was much stirred
up on the subject pro and con, and newspaper discussion was full; the
result of the vote was 149 to 23 against the bill to prohibit insurance on
the lives of children under ten years of age. The legislatures of Penn-
sylvania, Connecticut, Tennessee, Michigan, Georgia, Delaware,
Missouri, Illinois, and other states have (many of them repeatedly)
refused to pass bills preventing child insurance. A determined at-
tempt in this direction was made in Ohio in 1900, following unsuc-
cessful bills in 1896 and 1898. Although the plan was to K>rce the
passage of the bill without granting a hearing to the companies inter-
ested, it was recommitted, and when it came up for a vote in the sen-
ate, the only member to vote for it was the one who introduced it.
Recent years have been practically free from legislative attacks on
child insurance, and early in 192 1 Colorado, the only state having a
prohibitory law, amended the law and legalized child insurance.
In 1906, the company made a special investigation of its indus-
trial mortality experience, and the resulting table (since adopted as a
standard for industrial lives by the state of New York) showing a
marked improvement over previous years, new tables of benefits were
published, the leading table being on the whole life plan with pre-
miums ceasing at age 75, giving benefits largely in excess of those of
previous tables. In July, 1909, as a result of further improvement in
mortality and reduced expenses, benefits were further increased about
ten per cent, and made retroactive as to policies issued since the be-
ginning of 1907.
An important feature was introduced in 19 12, when the company
incorporated in its industrial policies a clause providing for an allow-
ance of ten per cent, of premiums to policyholders who for a period
of a year or over should pay premiums direct to the home office or a
district office, thus relieving the company of the expense of collecting
through an agent.
On April 17, 19 13, the company's charter was amended so as to
permit the writing of health and accident insurance.
The Metropolitan became a mutual company January 6, 19 15,
through the retirement of its capital stock and the adoption of a new
328 Cyclopedia of Insurance
charter. This was termed by the Superintendent of Insurance of New
York state " by far the most noteworthy event of the insurance year
in any branch of the business." As a result of this action the benefit
of participation in surplus earnings was accorded not only to the pur-
chasers of new insurance, but to the holders of outstanding policies as
well. The dividends allowed to Industrial policyholders during the
years 1916 to 192 1 amounted to over $33,000,000. while for 1922
the amount apportioned was $9,195,022. These dividends were simi-
lar in nature to the voluntary bonuses declared in previous years, those
apportioned for 1922 consisting principally of mortuary* and maturity
dividends varying from 4 to 21 >^ per cent of the face of the jx)licy, and
premium credit dividends ranging from 4 to 26 weeks' premiums,
while whole life and certain other plans of policies whose holders had
reached age 75 were made fully paid-up.
A notable stand was taken by the company on the occasion of
its mutualization in continuing for its new particip>ating Ordinary
policies the same low rates of premium as it had formerly charged for
non-participating insurance. These rates have since been slightly
increased to meet the amended requirements of the New York insurance
law and to make ample provision for the possibility of epidemics or
other abnormal conditions.
At the beginning of 19 16, the»company once more made substantial
increases in its Industrial benefits, to conform with its later mortality
experience. The new policies also contained a disability benefit, which
was made to apply as well to old policies, provided disability should
occur on or after March 6, 19 16.
The Company is prominent in welfare activities, and since 1909
has maintained a service of free visiting nurses for its industrial j>olicy-
holders subsequently extended to group insurance as well, under which
about 14,000,000 nursing visits have been made. The Company has
distributed over 238,000,000 pieces of health and welfare literature,
exclusive of its health magazine, of which about 18,000,000 copies are
distributed annually. It has conducted extensive sickness and un-
employment surveys, health experiments and demonstrations, has
given numerous welfare exhibits at fairs and expositions, and is con-
stantly rendering assistance to state, county and municipal health
bodies, through the cooperation of its agency force and otherwise,
in efforts to improve the public health, such as "clean-up" and "baby
week" campaigns, education of the people relative to health laws, etc.
Active support is frequently given to health legislation, a conspicuous
example being in the latter part of 1920, when the Company wasone
of the principal factors in defeating anti-vaccination legislation in
California and Oregon.
The company as such, and its directors, officers and employees
as individuals, were exceedingly active in service in the late war, of
almost endless variety. About 1,500 of its employees entered military
or naval service. The directors, officers, agents and clerks rendered to the
United States Government civilian service of the highest order — many
of them in positions of national prominence. In 1918 the agency and
Life and Casualty Section 329
home office staff sold to the general public $112,600,000 of War Savings
Stamps and over $21,000,000 of Liberty Bonds. The Company itself
owns nearly $150,000,000 of Liberty Bonds and Canadian War Loans.
During the influenza epidemic of 191 8- 19 the utility of life insurance
was strikingly demonstrated by the fact that the company made pay-
ments of over $24,000,000 on about 100,000 death claims resulting from
the epidemic alone.
Following are the number of policies and amount of insurance in
force in the company's industrial department at the close of each
five year period.
No. in Amount of No. in Amount of
Year Force Insurance Year Force Insurance
x88i 190,348 $17,894,620 1906 8,487,670 $1,264,684,502
1886 1,066,875 119,560,339 191 1 11,100,387 1,596,861,726
189X 2,278,487 254.939,881 1916 15,434.933 2,032,370,668
1896 3.643.569 454.068,004 1931 22,252,937 3.113.440,565
190X 6,008,662 881,491,451
For more than ten years prior to 1892 the business in the " ordi-
nary department " deckned, because no effort was made to secure
new policyholders, but in that year the company decided to revive
this department, and the following record of ordinary business in force
shows Its remarkable growth.
End of No. in Amount of End of No. in Amount of
Year Force Insurance Year Force Insurance
1892 4.446 $5,316,300 1906 531.467 $428,184,083
1896 30.835 33.097.851 1911 906,751 803,016,361
1901 225,640 x95.485.753 1916 1,527,836 1,450,061,328
1931 3,389,485 3,893,367.274
In the "Intermediate" branch of the ordinary department, organ-
ized in 1896, policies are written for $500 insurance and multiples there-
of, with annual, semi-annual, and quarterly premiums, designed
primarily for the better class of workingmen. The company has in
addition since 1899, written "Special Class" policies on sub-standard
lives. Group insurance is also written in large volume.
In 1 92 1 the Company added to its other activities the writing
of personal accident and health insurance.
The Metropolitan ranks first among all of the Life Insurance
Companies of the world in assets, income, business placed, business
gained and business in force.
Statement for the year ending December 31, 192 1 :
^Assets $1,115,583,024.54
^Liabilities 1,068,341.84504
Surplus 47.241.179.50
^(According to the annual report filed with New York State Department.)
The original officers of the Company were James R. Dow, president,
and Elias H. Jones, secretary. In June, 1870, John R. Hegeman was
appointed secretary, and in October of the same year, vice-president.
In 1 87 1 Joseph F. Knapp was elected president. Upon the death of
Mr. Knapp in 1891, Mr. Hegeman was elected president, and Haley
Fiske, vice-president. Mr. Hegeman remained as president until his
death in April, 19 19, when Mr. Fiske was elected to succeed him. The
330 Cyclopedia of Insurance
present officers are: Haley Fiske, president; Frederick H. Ecker, vice-
president; George B. Woodward second vice-president; Frank 0.
Ayres, second vice-president; Robert Lynn Cox, second vice-president;
Lee K. Frankel, Ph. D., third vice-president; James E. Kavanagh,
third vice-president; Ernest H. Wilkes, third vice-president and
manager P. C; Harry C. Miller, third vice-president; Geo. B. Scott,
third vice-president; Wm. F. Dobbins, fourth vice-president; James V.
Barry, fourth vice-president; John C. Knight, fifth vice-president;
Henry W. George, treasurer; Walter Stabler, comptroller; Walter R.
Quick, auditor; James D. Craig, actuary; Raymond V. Carpenter, ac-
tuary; James S. Roberts, secretary; William J. Tully, general solicitor;
Leroy A. Lincoln, general attorney; Thomas H. Willard, M.D., medical
director; Augustus S. Knight, M.D., medical director; Louis L Dublin,
statistician; James C. Brown, assistant actuary; Samuel Milligan,
assistant actuary; T. R. Richardson, assistant secretary; Alexander
Fleisher, assistant secretary; Stewart M. LaMont, assistant secretary;
Geo. C. Penhallow, assistant secretary; Edwin Powelson, assistant
secretary; Edward O. Wieters, assistant secretary; Alexander C. Camp-
bell, assistant secretary; Edward G. Gait, assistant secretar>'; C. C.
Rose, assistant secretary; Thompson B. Grolehm, assistant secretary;
Jacob Chadeayne, assistant secretary and manager ordinary department;
W. S. Manners, M.D., assistant medical director; E. M. Holden, M.D.;
assistant medical director; Charles L. Christiernin, M.D., assistant
medical director; John C. Medd, M.D., assistant medical director,
J. Bergen Ogden, M.D., assistant medical director; Alfred W. Balch,
M.D., assistant medical director; John L. Adams, M.D., assistant
medical director; Chauncey Rea Burr, M.D., assistant medical director;
John N. Coolidge, ALD., assistant medical director; D. AL Gedge,
M.D., assistant medical director; Horace J. Howk, M.D., assistant
medical director at Sanatorium; Robert J. Kissock, M.D., assistant
medical director; Samuel W. Means, M.D., assistant medical director;
George L. Megargee, M.D., assistant medical director; Howard B.
Speer, M.D., assistant medical director; Henry G. Tuttle, M.D., assis-
tant medical director; William S. Norton, deputy comptroller; Luther
B. Little, manager publication division.
METROPOLITAN LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY,
Springfield, III. Organized 1920, capital $100,000. E. J. Staten,
president; G. J. Lovell, secretary; W. M. Baldwin, superintendent of
agencies.
MICHIGAN AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Grand
Rapids, Michigan. Organized 1920. Capital, $250,000. George E.
Nichols, president and general counsel; Henry J. Kennedy, vice-
president and general manager; Brinton F. Hall, vice-president;
Harlan J. Dudley, vice-president; Wm. M. Ames, secretary-treasurer.
MICHIGAN EMPLOYERS CASUALTY COMPANY, Unsing,
Mich. Organized 1916; capital, $100,000. Robert K. Orr, president;
Clarence Holmes, vice-president; Fred B. Perry, second vice-presi-
(jent; H. B. Martin, secretary; Jas. E. Beavis, treasurer.
Life and Casualty Section 331
MICHIGAN, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1871-1922.
The department was established by act approved April 13, 187 1.
The official head is the commissioner of insurance, who is appointed
by the governor for a term of two years. [For list of officials see
Cyclopedia for 1913-14.]
John F. Winship was appointed in 191 5 and Frank K. Ellsworth,
appointed in 1917. Mr. Ellsworth resigned in 1921 and L. T. Hands
was appointed commissioner.
MICHIGAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Detroit, Mich. Organized 1867. J. J. Mooney, president; R. P.
Williams, vice-president; J. F. Williams, second vice-president;
A. F. Moore, secretary; J. C. Grix, assistant secretary; oeorge B.
McGill, superintendent of agencies; G. W. Sanders, actuary; W. G.
Hutchinson, M.D., third vice-president and medical director; O. F.
Looker, second assistant secretary.
MID-CONTINENT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Okla-
homa City, Okla. Organized 1910; capital, paid in $100,584. R. T.
Stuart, president; Edwin Starkey, vice-president; O. E. Stuart,
treasurer; R. W. Reese, secretary; T. J. NlcComb, actuary.
MIDLAND CASUALTY COMPANY OF WISCONSIN, Mil-
waukee, Wis. Capital, $110,280. Orlaf Anderson, president; E. C.
Brown, vice-president; H. O. Maxwell, secretary; Conrad Engsberg,
treasurer and general manager.
MIDLAND INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Paul, Minn. Organ-
ized 1910. H. W. Strickler, president; E. L. Shinnick, secretary and
actuary; E. M. Mortensen, treasurer; E. C. Gauger, medical director;
G. K. Henshall, superintendent of agents. 0
MIDLAND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Kansas City,
Mo. Organized 1909. Daniel Boone, Jr., president; John M. Smullin,
secretary; Walter J. Bales, vice-president and treasurer; R. Mon-
tague Webb, actuary; H. F. Mather, medical director.
MIDLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Columbus, Ohio. Organized 1906; capital, $225,000. Dr. W. O.
Thompson, president; H. B. Arnold, first vice-president and coun-
sel; Dr. E. J. Wilson, vice-president and medical director; G. W.
Steinman, secretary; F. R. Huntington, treasurer; J. G. Monroe,
superintendent of agencies; C. G. Barratt, assistant secretary; J. Chas.
Reitz, actuary.
MIDWEST LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lincoln, Neb.
Organized 1906; capital, $200,000. N. Z. Snell, president; Dr. B. B.
Davis, vice-president; Lincoln Frost, vice-president; A. J. Sawyer,
secretary; Carl B. Newlon, assistant secretary; H. J. Kirschstein.
superintendent of agents; Narcissa Snell, treasurer; A. H. Webb,
medical director.
332 Cyclopedia of Insurance
MILWAUKEE ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS,
Milwaukee, Wis. Organized in December, 1^15. The officers elected
are: President, Bruce Whitney, Mutual Life; vice-president, I. J.
Dahle, Equitable of New York; second vice-president, W. K. Murphy,
Northwestern Mutual; secretary, G. T. Vermilion, Penn Mutual;
treasurer, H. P. Gordon, Travelers. The present officers, elected in
February, 1921, are: Gifford T. Vermillion, president; C. L. McMillcn
and Marcellus L. Brick, vice-presidents; Gustav £. Harthun, secretary;
R. W. Corbett, treasurer.
MINNEAPOLIS ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS
was organized June 35, 1896, by life insurance agents in Minneapolis,
Minn., most of whom had been members of the Minnesota Associa-
tion of Life Underwriters. The convenience of Minneapolis agents
in attendance upon meetings was given as the reason for cleavage, the
headquarters of the older organizations being virtually at St. Paul.
C. W. Van Tuyl was chosen chairman, and W. M. Horner, secretary.
The officers elected at the annual meeting in December, 1921, are:
President, Ralph M. Hamburger; vice-president. J. A. Blond: secre-
tary and treasurer, C. N. Patterson, 828 McKnight building; executive
committee, C. M. Odell, H. F. Cooper, W. J. Keating, Geo. T. Bland-
ford, Harry T. Miller.
MINNESOTA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1872-1922.
The insurance department was organized under act approved Feb-
ruary 39, 1872, the supervising official being termed insurance com*
missioner. He is appointed by the governor for two years. [See Cy-
clopedia for 1913-14 for list of officers.]
S. D. W^ks was appointed in 191 5 and was succeeded by John B.
Sanborn. Tnl present commissioner is Gust Lindquist.
MINNESOTA LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION, St.
Paul, Minn. The association, formerly known as the St. Paul Associa-
tion, was reorganized in June, 19 13, and officers were elected as follows:
President, George W. Harrison, Penn Mutual; secretary and treasurer,
F. W. Hanenstein, Phoenix Mutual. The present officers, elected at
the annual meeting in January', 1921, are: President, i^lvin G. I- crman,
vice-presidents, N. P. Langford and E. D. .^llen; stcrttary and tnas-
urer, Frank F. Weidenborner, 804 Exchange Bank Building.
MINNESOTA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
St. Paul, Minn. Organized in 1880: reorganized on a legal reserve
basis in 1901. E. W. Randall, president; T. A. Phillips, vice-president;
O. J. Lacy, second vice-president in charge of agencies; H. W. All-
strom, secretary and actuary; C. N. McCloud, medical director;
Jas. Mcintosh, associate actuary; T. H. Dickson, assistant medical
director, W. F. Hagerman, cashier.
Life and Casualty Section 333
MISSISSIPPI ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS.
The association was ox^nized in 1907. The present officers, elected in
June, 1 92 1, are: President, W. H. Pullen, Security Mutual Life; secre-
tary and treasurer, S. R. Whitten, Jr., Home Life, Jackson, Miss.
MISSISSIPPI LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Memphis,
Tenn. Organized 1909. J. E. Walker, president; M. M. Cox, secre-
tary and treasurer; T. S. Littlejohn, assistant secretary; C. B. King,
director of agencies.
MISSISSIPPI, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. Under the
revised code of 1857 the auditor of public accounts was charged with
the supervision of insurance of Mississippi. The legislature in 1902
enacted a new code of insurance laws and created a department of
insurance, the supervising officer being elected at the general election.
T. M. Henry is the present commissioner elected in 1907.
MISSOURI. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1869-1922.
The act creating the insurance department in Missouri was approved
March 4, 1869. The superintendent of insurance is appointed by
the governor for a term of four years. [See Cyclopedia for 1913-14
for list of early officials.]
The office of the insurance department, which was, from the
establishment of the department in 1869, located at St. Louis, was
removed to Jefferson City in 1897. Charles G. Revelle was appointed
in 1913 but resigned, and Walter K. Chorn, was appointed to succeed
him and reappomted in 1917 for the full term. He resigned in 1918,
and Alfred L. Harty was appointed his successor. The present com-
missioner is Ben C. Hyde, who took office October i, 192 1.
MISSOURI LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1907; cash capital $100,000. W. A.
Johnson, president; J. A. Walker, secretary and treasurer.
MISSOURI STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. Organized 1892; capital, $1,000,000. M. E. Singleton,
president; T. F. Lawrence, vice-president; C. O. Shepherd, actuary;
James J. Parks, secretary; B. Y. Jandon, medical director; John J.
Crowley, John J. Moriarity and William E. Russell, second vice-
presidents.
MONTANA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN 1883-1922.
Under the territorial insurance act of March 8, 1883, the territorial
auditor was made the official to whom insurance companies and agents
should report. When Montana was admitted to the Union as a state,
in November, 1889, ^^^ state auditor succeeded the territorial audi-
tor as insurance supervisor. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for list of
officials.]
The state auditor is elected by the people for a term of four years.
The legislature in 1909 passed a law designating the state auditor,
" Commissioner of Insurance, ex-officio," as well, and provided for
334 Cyclopedia of Insurance
the appointment of a deputy commissioner of insurance. R. G. Poland
was elected auditor and the present auditor is George P. Porter, elected
in 1918.
MONTANA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Helena. Mont.
Organized 19 10; capital, $250,000. A. C. Johnson, president; H. R.
Cunningham, vice-president and general manager; Jacob Mills, sec-
ond vice-president; C. E. Herfurth, secretary and actuary; F. A.
Howard, treasurer and assistant secretary; 6. C. Brooke, medical
director; O. M. Lanstrum, assistant medical director; H. S. Hepner,
general counsel.
MOTOR CAR MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, 50-56 John
Street, New York, N. Y. The company failed in 192 1.
MORRIS PLAN INSURANCE SOCIETY, 52 William Street,
New York, N. Y. Arthur J. Morris, president; A. J. Smith, vice-
president and general manager; Henry R. Towne, Jonn Markle and
Henry H. Kohn, vice-presidents; Joseph B. Gilder, secretary; Robert
W. Watson, treasurer; Dr. Judson C. Fisher, medical director.
MUTUAL. This word as used in insurance indicates the partici-
pation, in greater or lesser degree, by policyholders in the profits or
salvages made by companies at the end of stated periods, generally
twelve months. While every co-operative insurance institution is a
mutual, the methods followed ditter. Assessment life associations
and fraternal orders operate under mutual principles; but as the
premium rates, or assessments, of most of them are unscientific and at
older ages inadequate, there are no savings and, eventually, the prin-
ciple of mutuality is violated because the burdens of the institution
are inequitably distributed, the younger members bearing more, and
the older members less, than their just share. Policyholders in mutual
fire insurance participate in year-end savings, and, under many court
decisions, are liable for the debts of their companies. The principles
of mutuality in insurance more nearly approach perfection in well
managed life companies operating without capital. The approxi-
mate cost of the hazards assumed are known, and, therefore, the amount
of the annual abatements, or dividends, become a matter of manage-
ment.
MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, The, of
Newark, N. J., was chartered by the state of New Jersey under an act
approved January 31, 1845, and began business in the following April.
The compan3' is, and always has been, purely mutual. Its present
condition can best be illustrated by the following figures covering the
I business of 1921:
i Premium receipts $47,027,444.23
! Total income .... ... 62,a88,497*X4
' Paid policyholders 29.311,022.78
I Total disbursements 38,023.084.61
Assets 306,440,100.71
Contingency reserve funds 16,528,686^3
Life and Casualty Section 335
Premium receipts from organization to January, 1022, have aggre-
gated $712,182,152.93, of which sum there has alreacfy been returned
to policy holders over $517,000,000.
The present officers of the company are as follows: Frederick
Frelinghuysen, president; Edward E. Rhodes, vice-president; Samuel
W. Baldwin, vice-president; J. William Johnson, secretary; Herman G.
Horiifeck, treasurer; Percy C. H. Papps, mathematiciaii ; Oliver
Thurman, superintendent of agencies; directors: Henry G. Atha,
C. Weston Bailey, Samuel W^ Baldwin, Palmer Campbell, J. William
Clark, Charles L. Farrell, Frederick Frelinghuysen, John R. Hardin,
James S. Higbie, W^illiam M. Johnson, John O. H. Pitney, Edward E.
Rhodes.
MUTUAL BOILER INSURANCE COMPANY. Boston, Mass.
Organized 1877. D. W. Lane, president and treasurer; J. A. Collins,
secretary; J. E. Trefry, assistant secretary.
MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION OF IOWA, Red Oak, Iowa.
Organized, 1895. B. B. Clark, president; Thos. D. Murphy, vice-
president; W. C. Ratcliflf, treasurer; H. L. W'orsley, secretary and ac-
tuary; W. B. Lawrence, medical director.
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK,
THE, began the issue of policies on the ist of February, 18^. This
was before any existing company had begun writing scientific, level
premium, legal reserve life insurance policies, so that the company's
claim to being the oldest life insurance company in America is estab-
lished. From the beginning The Mutual Life has been a purely mutual
organization, commencing business without capital other than the
premiums contributed by the policyholders. Nevertheless, the com-
pany grew and prospered, and at the end of its second year its funds
had grown to $97,243, and its insurance in force to $2,960,083. At
the end of its fifth fiscal year its assets exceeded half a million dollars,
and it had ten million dollars' insurance in force.
In its first fiscal year The Mutual Life wrote 470 policies. Of
the persons insured in that year two lived to pass the age of 9b. the
* 'limit of life" according to the American Experience Table.
Mutual Life policies for the first few years of the company were
of two forms only — ordinary life and term. Term poliicjes were
'written for periods of one to seven years without right of renewal.
In its early years The Mutual Life apportioned its dividends every
fifth year in the form of paid-up additions to the policy, the first distri-
bution being made in 1848, and the last fifth year distribution in 186.^.
Three years later, in 1866, a triennial dividend was declared, and
thereafter for many years the surplus accruing was apportioned yearly,
as it is in the case of all policies now issuing.
As the oldest company in America, The Mutual Life has always
been a leader in essential things. It was a cash value company from
336 Cyclopedia op Insurance
the beginning, for its earliest policies could be surrendered for cash,
before default, as soon as two premiums had been paid. The first
policy surrendered was No. 28, which had been issued barely two
vears before, in the first month of the company. The second policy,
No. 122, was likewise one of the*first policies issued and was little
more than two years old when surrendered for cash.
The American Experience Table of Mortality, now in practically
universal use in this country, was introduced by The Mutual Life
Insurance Company of New York. In so far as statistics of insured
lives were considered, the table was based upon the history of lives
insured in this company.
The Mutual Life also introduced the contribution method of
apportioning surplus to policyholders, which is in use today bv prac-
tically all American companies issuing participating policies, although
the formulae used may vary slightly in the several companies.
Again, the Continuous Instalment, or Life Income, policy, the most
popular form of protection for the average family, was originated by
The Mutual Life and first issued in 1893, in commemoration of the
company's fiftieth anniversary. The policy was devised by the late
Emory McClintock, the company's renowned actuary, and is now written
under one name or another by nearly all American companies.
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY of Baltimore,
Md. Organized 1870. M. S. Brenan, president; Paul M. Burnett,
vice-president and counsel; Henry Roth, secretary; Charles C. Ewell,
actuary; Dr. James D. Iglehart, medical examiner.
MUTUAL LIFE UNDERWRITERS. This association iras
organized at a meeting held in Chicago, in December, 1912, and its
membership is made up of mutual life insurance associations. The
objects of the organization are stated in the constitution as follows:
" The object of this organization shall be to promote the general wel-
fare of its members by an interchange of ideas, the dissemination of
information upon all subjects connected with, and to safeguard the
principles of pure protective insurance." Edward M. Martin, Omaha,
Neb., was elected president on organization and Nelson O. Tiffany,
Buffalo, N. Y., treasurer.
The following is a list of members: Guarantee Fund Life Associa-
tion, Omaha, Nebraska; Illinois Bankers Life Association, Monmouth,
Illinois; Knights Templars & Masonic Mutual Aid Association,
Cincinnati, Ohio; Merchants Reserve Life Insurance Company, Chi-
cago, Illinois; National Life Association, Des Moines, Iowa; Pure
Protection Life Association, Cleveland, Ohio; Western Mutual Life
Association, Los Angeles, Cal.; Empire State Life Assurance Society,
Stockton, N. Y.; Mutual Life Association of Iowa, Red Oak, Iowa;
Guaranteed Equity Life Company, Chicago, 111.; Swedish Baptist
Mutual Aid Association, Chicago, 111.; Masonic Life Association, Buf-
falo, N. Y.
Life and Casualty Section 337
The ninth annual meeting of the Association was held in Chicago,
111., October 24 and 25, 1921. President Dr. George W. Hopkins
presided.
Officers were elected as follows: President, Dr. George W. Hop-
kins, Pure Protection Life Association, Cleveland, Ohio; vice-president,
Edward M. Martin, Guarantee Fund Life Association, Omaha, Nebr.;
secretary, Nelson O. Tiffany, Masonic Life Association, Buffalo, N. Y.;
treasurer, A. J. Davies, Knights Templars and Masonic Mutual Aid
Association, Cincinnati, Ohio; executive committee, J. W. Hughes,
chairman, Omaha, Nebr.; Judge James P. Hewitt, Des Moines, Iowa;
Frank M. Hallam, Monmouth, 111.; and the president, vice-president,
secretary and treasurer.
MUTUAL PLATE GLASS INSURANCE COMPANY OF
CONNECTICUT, Unionville, Conn. Organized 1895. H. C. Hart,
president; R. E. Taft, secretary; E. M. Ripley, treasurer.
MUTUAL TRUST LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago,
111. Organized 1905. Edwin A. Olson, president and counsel ; Gilbert
Knudtson, vice-president; A. B. Slattengren, secretary; N. A. Nelson,
treasurer; I. L. Grimes, actuary; L. R. Lunoe, superintendent of
agencies; William A. Peterson, M.D., medical director.
N
NASHVILLE ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS
was organized in Nashville, Tenn., in March, 191 1. Officers were
elected as follows: President, J. W. Smithers, Prudential; vice-presi-
dent, W. H. Eaves, Phoenix Mutual; secretary-treasurer, David G.
Brandon, Northwestern Mutual. The present officers, elected in
February, 1922, are: President, Walter Stokes, vice-president, M. A.
Simpson; second vice-president, J. B. Carver; secretary and treasurer,
Edward Swain, 315 Ind. Life Building.
NATIONAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY, Lincoln,
Neb. Organized 1907; capital, $65,000. L. B. Howey, president;
A. W. Lane, vice-president; G. L. Waters, secretary; F. H. Howey,
treasurer; L. Ray Wilson and E. W. Orme, superintendents of agencies.
NATIONAL ACCIDENT SOCIETY. New York City. Organ-
ized 1885. Edwin Langdon, president; John I. Stuart, treasurer;
Alfred A. Wallace, secretary and general manager. 320 Broadway.
NATIONAL AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Burlington, la. Organized in 1887 as an assessment company, re-or-
p^anized as a level premium company in 1912. Louis H. Koch, pres-
ident; LaMonte Cowles, vice-president; Charles Blanke, secretary;
M. P. Naumann, assistant secretary. Dr. Fred E. Koch, medical
director. (Formerly German American Life.)
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CASUALTY AND SURETY
AGENTS. The association was organized at a meeting held in Cin-
cinnati in October, 19 13. The meeting was the outcome of a confer-
ence of agents held in New York in September, and, although state
and local associations have been organized, earlier efforts to organize
a national association had been unsuccessful. The officers elected
at the Cincinnati meeting were as follows: President, Wade Fetzer,
Chicago; vice-president, Newton E. Turgeon, Buffalo; second vice-
president, V. L. P. Shriver, Pittsburgh; secretary and treasurer, John A.
Morrison, Chicago.
Officers were elected at the annual meeting in September 192 1 as
follows: President, Thos. E. Braniff, Oklahoma City; vice-president,
Wm. G. Wilson, Cleveland; secretary and treasurer, Chas. W. Olson,
1423 Insurance Exchange, Chicago, III.; executive committee: Geo.
D. Webb, chairman, Chicago; Wade Fetzer, Chicago; Geo. W. Carter,
Detroit; Clarence J. Daly, Denver; G. Arthur Howell, Atlanta;
Jas. H. Carney, Boston; Wallace M. Reid, Pittsburgh; Philip S.
Powers, Richmond; C. J. Kehoe, St. Louis; John L. Tiernon, Jr.,
Buffalo, and the officers.
Life and Casualty Section 339
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS.
As early as 1869 there were scattered efforts to form local associa-
tions of life insurance agents. There is a record of a Life Underwriters'
Association of Chicago, organized November, 1869, " for mutual
protection, improvement, and acquaintance." Merrill Ladd of the
Mutual Life of Chicago was the president, and H. R. Thompson of
the John Hancock the secretary. A prominent rule of this associa-
tion was: " No subject which involves or provokes discussion of
rival plans of companies shall be introduced into the meetings of this
association." In Augpst, 1870, the Life Insurance Association of
Pittsburgh, I. F. Loomis of the Charter Oak Life, president, and in June,
1872, the Cincinnati Life Underwriters* Association, M. Grosvenor
of the ^tna Life, president, were formed, followed the next year
by a state organization at Columbus, O., and there were others that
occasionally appeared and subsided. None of these early attempts
at association seem to have been other than ephemeral in their nature.
They were heard of once or twice, and no more. The Ohio organiza-
tion was the longest lived, but it went into decay some time before the
present substantial movement began.
The pioneer of modern development of association by life insur-
ance agents was the Boston Underwriters' Association, which saw the
tight in April, 1883. The idea of bringing together in more enduring
bonds of amity the competitive elements of the agency business, and
of giving to association a broader basis and deeper purpose than it had
known before, originated with C. M. Ransom, editor o'l the^oston Stan-
dard, The new movement began in the editor's office. It appealed
to the judgment of .the best men in the business everywhere, for they
saw in it a means to purge the business of rapidly growing evils and lift
it to the plane of honorable and intelligent effort:. It spread, there-
fore, with celerity, stimulating in the course of a few years the forma-
tion of organizations similar to the Boston association in the principal
cities of the Union. While these centers of energy were warm and
progressive, their relations with each other were so far but formal. It
was felt that much more important results were possible by a wider
application of the principle of community. And so when 1890 came
and twenty of these societies were in active operation in their respec-
tive localities, the time was ripe for the national association.
The present organization was the outgrowth of a conference of
representatives of tne Boston, New York, and Philadelphia associa-
tions, held at Boston, April 8, 1890. It was decided to call a conven-
tion of all the associations in the United States, to be held at Boston,
June 1 8th. This meeting was held and the National Association of
Life Underwriters was organized.
The presidents elected since organization in 1890 have been as
follows:
George N. Carpenter, Boston. 1890; Charles H. Raymond, New York, 1891;
C. B. Tillinghast, Cleveland, 1892; Charles H. Ferguson, Chicago, 1893; E* H. Plum-
zner. Philadelphia. 1894; Ben F. Calef, Boston, 1895; D. S. Hendriclc, Washington.
O. C.. ZS96; Thomas H. Bowles. Milvraukee. 1897; Richard E. Cochran, New York,
189S: James L. Johnson, Springfield, Mass.. 1899; I. Layton Register. Philadelphia,
1900; William D. Wyman, Chicago. 190 1; Philip H. Farley. New York, 1902; H. H
340 Cyglopedia of Insurance
UTwd. Cleveland. 1903; John Dolph, Cincinnati. 1904; C W. Scovel. Pituburgfa.
1905; FranM E. McMimen. Rochester. N. Y.. 1906; Charlei Jerome Edwards, New
York. X907-8* John W. Whittin^ton, Los Angeles. Cal., 1909; Henry J. Powell. Louis-
▼iUe. Ky., 1910; L. Brackett Bishop. Chicago. 1911; Neil D. Sills. Richmond. 19x2:
Ernest J. Clark. Baltimore. 19x3; Hugh M. Willet. Atlanta. 19x4. Edward A. Woods.
1915; John Newton Russell. 19x6; Laurence Priddy, X9X7; Jonathan IC. Voshall. X918;
J. Stanley Edwards. 19x9; Orville Thorp, 1920: John L. Shuff, 192 1>
(For an account of the annual meetings see Cyclopedia for 1890
and subsequent annual volumes.]
The Thirty-Second Annual Convention of the National Associa-
tion of Life Underwriters was held September 5, 6 and 7, 1921, at the
Hotel Winton, Cleveland, Ohio. Among the speakers at the various
sessions were, Hon. William H. Hays, Hon. Job Hedges, Harry T.
Atwood, and the Rev. Dilworth Lupton.
The officers elected were as follows: John L. Shuff, president,
Cincinnati, O.; A. O. Swink, vice-president, Richmond, Va.: Wilson
Williams, vice-president, New Orleans, La.; Mrs. Florence E. Shaal,
vice-president, Boston, Mass.; J. G. Stephenson, vice-president, Win-
nipeg, Canada; John H. Russell, secretary, Los Angeles, Cal.; Everett
M. Ensign, executive secretary, New York, N. Y.; Graham C. Wells,
treasurer, New York, N. Y. ; Franklin W. Ganse, chairman executive
committee, Boston, Mass.
The executive committee is made up of one representative from
each local association; selected by the local association and appointed
for a three year term, and including also three representatives of the
Canadian association. The executive committee as constituted after
the last annual meeting is as follows: Chairman, Franklin W. Ganse, 88
Arch Street, Boston, Mass.
Term expires 1922. Fred C. Dibble, Akron, Ohio; Seward V.
Coffin, Albany, N. Y.; J. A. Turner, Ashtabula, Ohio; C. R. Posey,
Baltimore, Md.; A. C. Crowder, Birmingham, Ala.; Frank W. Tracy,
Buffalo, N. Y.; E. S. Miller, Canada; W. P. Powell, Cedar Rapids, la.;
J. W. Bishop, Chattanooga, Tenn.; F. E. Brodnax, Columbia, S. Car;
George W. Greene, Connecticut Assn.; Orville Thorp, Dallas, Texas;
J. S. Fabling, Denver, Colo.; C. F. Potts, Duluth, Minn.; F. L. Conk-
lin, Fargo, N. Dakota; C. A. Peterson, Fort Dodge, la.; F. E. Beatty,
Great Falls, Montana; E. M. Martin, Hagerstown, Md.; J. H. Shively,
Houston, Texas; Idaho Falls, Idaho; W.J. Bentley, Jamestown, N. Y.;
Michael F. Sullivan, Lawrence, Mass.; S. B. Redding, Little Rock,
Ark.; George A. Rathbun, Los Angeles, Calif.; A. C. Larson, Madison,
Wise; Joe M. Smith, Memphis, Tenn.; E. A. Marthens, Milwaukee,
Wise.; J. Walker Godwin, Minneapolis, Minn.; John A. Wintermute,
Newark, Ohio; F. B. Schwentker, New Mexico Assn.; S. C. Rosenberg,
Peoria, 111.; J. Putnam Stevens, Portland, Me.; Maurice H. Stearns,
Providence, R. I.; A. O. Swink, Richmond, Va.; Roanoke, Va.; H. R.
Lewis, Rochester, N. Y.; Walter Vail, San Francisco, Cal.; T. B. Hut-
ton, Sioux City, la.; West Babcock, Sioux Falls, S. Dakota; F. W.
Fuller, Springfield, Mass.; C. G. Whitney, Springfield, Ohio; L. O.
Weakley, Sr.; St. Joseph, Mo.; A. O. Eliason, St. Paul, Minn.; C. F.
Teller, Syracuse, N. Y., Tacoma, Wash.; George Morris, Terre Haute,
Ind.; M. B. Samuels, Twin Falls, Idaho; R. S. Marshall, Washington,
Life and Casualty Section 341
D. C; R. B. Naylor, Wheeling. W. Va.; Oscar L. Nelson. Wichita,
Kansas; Lyman A. Pray, Williamsport. Pa.; Henry E. Townsend. Wor-
cester, Mass.
Term expires 1923. H. J. Seads, Altoona. Pa.; D. M. Hodges,
Asheville, N. C; R. N. R. Bardwell, Atlanta, Ga.; J. Frank Carswell,
Augusta. Ga.; H. C. Yarbrough. Baton Rouge, La.; Duke Roberts,
Binffhamton. N. Y.; Logan B. Perry. Bloomington. 111.; Mrs. Grace C.
Lathrop, New England Women's Assn.. Mass.; O. B. Shortly, Canada;
J. B. Hall, T. W. Boruff. Decatur. 111.; M. H. Zacharias, Detroit, Mich.;
Adger Moore, Dothan. Ala.; H. G. Quick. Elmira, N. Y.; Wilfred G.
Phelon, Flint, Mich.- A. W. Young, Fort Wayne. Ind.; C. C. Bonham,
Hammond, Ind.; Stephen Babbit, Hutchinson, Kansas; C. O. Willdns,
Jackson, Miss.; David A. Leon, Jacksonville, Fla.; Harry Cramer.
Johnstown, Pa.; Clarence H. Poincfexter. Kansas City, Mo.; J. Arthur
Pino, Lansing, Mich.; Chas. A. Cravens, Louisville, Ky.; H. D.
Knudson. Mason City, la.; L. J. Loventhal, Nashville, Tenn.; Henry
E. Walker, New Orleans, La.; J. R. Ward, Newport News, Va.; Homer
W. Eccles, Norfolk, Nebr.; J. R. Coupland, Norfolk, Va.; Wm. R.
Poulter. Ogden, Utah; Homer O. Wilhelm. Omaha. Nebr. ; J. C. Foute,
Oshkosh, Wise.; Mark W. Moorman, Oskaloosa, la.; Frank Love,
Paducah, Ky.; W. A. Gamble. Pine Bluff. Ark.; William M. Furey,
Pittsburgh. Pa.; FredJ.Joyce, Phoenix, Ariz.; Pont iac. Mich.; Quincy,
111.; Edward N. Rice, Racine, Wise.; Rockford, 111.; L. D. Johnson,
Saginaw, Mich.; D. I. German, Springfield, 111.; W. Rogers Primm,
Springfield. Mo.; Samuel Polk; St. Louis. Mo.; Orson C. Norton,
Toledo, Ohio; S. W. Adams, Topeka. Kansas; Jas. W. Edgerton.
Trenton, N. J.; A. B. Shepard. Vermont Assn.. Robert Gibson, Vin-
cennes. Ind.; George Duffy, Watertown. N. Y.; A. C. Shaw. Wilkes
Barre, Pa.; Chas. B. Palmer, Wilmington. Del.; Roy Hartzell. Youngs-
town. Ohio.
Term expires 1924. W. R. Wilkerson. Boise. Idaho; Athens. Ga.;
Franklin W. Ganse. Boston, Mass. ; Charleston, W. Va. ; G. W. Patter-
son, Charlotte, N. Car; U. C. Upjohn, Chicago, 111.; Chas. J. Stem,
Cincinnati, Ohio; E. B. Hamlin. Cleveland. Ohio; W. H. Young.
Columbus, Ga.; Herman P. Jeffers, Columbus, Ohio; S. W. Sanford,
Davenport, Iowa; Henry A. Stout. Dayton, Ohio; W. D. Bowles, Des
Moines, la.; E. L. O'Connor, Dubuque, Iowa; H. W. Schroeder. £1
Paso, Texas; Edward J. Crowell, Erie, Pa.; John T. Jacobs. Evansville.
Ind.; Fall River. Mass.; T. J. Henderson. Grand Rapids, Mich.; P. B.
Rice, Harrisburg, Pa.; Ward H. Hackleman. Indianapolis. Ind.; T. S.
McKinney. Knoxville. Tenn.; W. Logan Shearer. Lexington. Ky.; O.
N- Young, Lima. Ohio; Everett M. Knight. Lincoln. Nebr.; G. A. Ran-
kin. Macon. Ga.; James A. Wellman. Manchester. N. Hamp.; D. A.
Holloway. Montgomery. Ala.; Jesse L. Ward, Muncie. Ind.; Winthrop
O. Basset. New Bedford, Mass.; Robert L. Jones. New York City;
George E. Lackey. Oklahoma City. Okla.; Frank D. Buser. Philadel-
phia, Pa.; Charles Gramm. Portland. Oregon; G. D. Alder. Salt Lake
City, Utah; Edward T. Lyons, San Diego, Calif.; Henry G. Wells,
Savannah, Ha.; Jas. S. MacAnnulty, Scranton, Pa.; C. C. Norton,
342 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Seattle, Wash.; Albert W. Kendall, South Bend, Ind.; Charles F. Bell,
Spokane, Wash.; George W. Fretts, Utica, N. Y.; Louis Wolf, Wabash,
Ind." AV B. Nauman, Waterloo, la.
The following is a list of the local associations which were mem-
bers of the National Association May i, 1922:
Akron, O., ABSociation of Life Underwriterg.
Albany, N. Y., (Capital District Association of Life Underwriters.)
Altoona, Pa., Association of Life Underwriters.
Arizona Association of Life Underwriters.
Asheville, N. C. Association of Life Underwriters.
Ashtabula, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
.Athens, Ga., Association of Life Underwriters.
Atlanta, Ga. Association of Life Underwriters.
Augusta. Ga. Association of Life Underwriters.
Baltimore, Md. Association of Life Underwriters.
Baton Rouge, La. Association of Life Underwriters.
Binghamton, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Birmingham, Ala. Association of Life Underwriters.
Bloomington. 111. Association of Life Underwriters.
Boise, Idaho (Gem State Association of Life L'nderwriters.)
Boston, Mass. Association of Life Underwriters.
Buffalo, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Cedar Rapids, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Charleston. W. Va. (Kanawha Association of Life Underwriters.)
Chattanooga, Tenn. Association of Life Underwriters.
Chicago, 111. Association of Life Underwriters.
Cincinnati, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
Cleveland, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
Colorado Association of Life Underwriters.
Columbus, Ga. Association of Life Underwriters.
Columbus, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
Connecticut Association of Life Underwriters.
Dallas, Tex. (North Texas Association of Life Underwriters.)
Davenport, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Dayton, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
Decatur, 111. Association of Life Underwriters.
Delaware Association of Life Underwriters.
Des Moines, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Detroit, Mich. Association of Life Underwriters.
District of Columbia Association of Life Underwriters.
Dubuque, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Duluth, Minn. Association of Life Underwriters.
Elmira, N. Y. .A^ssociation of Life Underwriters.
El Paso, Tex. Association of Life Underwriters.
Erie, Pa. Association of Life Underwriters.
Evansville, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Fall River, Mass. Association of Life Underwriters.
Fargo, N. Dak. Association of Life Underwriters.
Fergus Falls, Minn. Association of Life Underwriters.
Flint, Mich. Association of Life Underwriters.
Fort Dodge, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Fort Wayne, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Grand Rapids, Mich. (Western Mich. Assn. of Life Underwriters.)
Great Falls, Mont. Association of Life Underwriters.
Hagerstown, Md. Association of Life Underwriters.
Hammond, Ind. (Lake County Association of Life Underwriters.)
Harrisburg, Pa. -'\s8ociation of Life Under>*'riters.
Houston, Tex. (Soutli Texas Association of Life Underwriters.)
Hutchinson, Kans. Association of Life Underwriters.
Idaho Falls. Idaho. Association of Life ITnderwriters,
Indianapolis, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Jacksonville, Fla. Association of Life Underwriters.
Jamestown, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Johnstown, Pa. Association of Life Underwriters.
Kansas City, Mo. Association of Life Underwriters.
Life and Casualty Section 343
Knoxville, Tenn. Association of Life Underwriters.
La Crosse, Wis. Associaton of Life Underwriteis
Lafayette. Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Lansing, Mich. Association of Life Underwriters
Lawrence, Mass. Association of Life Underwriters
Lexington, Ky. Association of Life Underwriters.
Lima, O. Associaton of Life Underwriters
Lincoln, Neb. Association of Life Underwriters.
Little Rock, Ark. Association of Life Underwriters.
Los Angeles, Cal. Association of Life Underwriters.
Louisiana Association of Life Underwriters.
Louisville, Ky. Associaton erf Life Underwriters i
Lynchburg. Va. Association of Life Underwriters.
Macon, Ga. Associaton of Life Underwriters.
Madison, Wis. Association of Life Underwriters. !
Maine Association of Life Underwi iters
Mason City, la. Association of Life Underwriters
Memphis, Tenn. Association of Life Underwriters.
Milwaukee, Wis. Association of Life Underwriters.
Minneapolis, Minn. Association of Life Underwriters.
Minnesota Association of Life Underwriters.
Mississippi Association of Life Underwriters.
Montgomery, Ala. Association of Life Underwriters.
Muncie, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Nashville, Tenn. Association of Life Underwriters.
Newark, O. (Licking County Association of Life Underwriters.)
New Bedford, Mass. Association of Life Underwriters.
New Kngland Women's Association of Life Underwriters.
New Hampshire Association of Life Underwriters.
New Mexico Association of Life Underwriters.
Newport News, Va. Association of Life Underwriters.
New York, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Norfolk, Neb. Association of Life Underwriters.
Norfolk-Tidewater (Va.) .Association of Life Underwriters.
North Carolina Association of Life Underwriters.
Ogden Association of Life Underwriters. (Utah.) j
Oklahoma City, Okla. Association of Life Underwriters. i
Omahi, Neb. Association of Life Underwriters.
Oregon Association of Life Underwriters.
Oshkosh, Wis. (Fox River Valley Association of Life Underwriters.)
Oskaloosa, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Paducah, Ky. Association of Life Underwriters.
Peoria, III. Association of Life Underwriters.
Philadelphia, Pa. Association of Life Underwriters.
Pine Bluff, Ark. Association of Life Underwriters. i
Pittsburgh, Pa. Association of Life Underwriters.
Pontiac, Mich. Association of Life Underwriters.
Quincy, 111. Association of Life Underwriters. I
Racine, Wis. Association of Life Underwriters.
Rhode Island Association of Life Underwriters. I
Richmond, Va. Association of Life Underwriters.
Roanoke, Va. Association of Life Underwriters.
Rochester, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Rockford, 111. Association of Life Under>;^Titers.
Saginaw, Mich. Association of Life Underwriters.
San Diego. Cal. Association of Life Underwriters.
San Francisco, Cal. Association of Life L^nderwriters.
Savannah, Ga. Association of Life Underwriters.
Scranton, Pa. Association of Life Underwriters.
Seattle, Wash. Association of Life Underwriters.
Sioux City, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
South Bend, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
South Carolina Association of Life Underwriters.
South Dakota Association of Life Underwriters.
Spencer, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Spokan , Wash. Association of Life Underwriters.
Springfield. 111. .A^SDciaiion of Life Underwriters.
Springfield, Ma'$s. Association of Life Underwriters.
344 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Si>riagfield, Mo. Association of Life Underwriters.
Springfield. O. Association of Life Underwriters.
St. Joseph, Mo. Association of Life Underwriters.
St. Louis, Moi Association of Life Underwriters.
Syracuse, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Tacoma, Wash. Association of Life Underwriters.
Terre Haute, Ind. Association of Ufe Underwriters.
Toledo, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
Topeka, Kans. Association of Life Underwriters.
Trenton, N. J. Association of Life Underwriters.
Twin Falls, Idaho. Association of Life Underwriters.
Utah Association of Life Underwriters.
Utica, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Vermont Association of Life Underwriters.
Vincennes, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Wabash, Ind. Association of Life Underwriters.
Waterloo, la. Association of Life Underwriters.
Watertown, N. Y. Association of Life Underwriters.
Wheeling, W. Va. Association of Life Underwriters.
Wichita, Kans. Association of Life Underwriters.
Wilkes- Barre, Pa. Association of Life Underwriters.
Wlliiamsport, Pa. (West Branch Association of Life Underwriters.)
Worcester, Mass. Association of Life Underwriters.
Youngstown, O. Association of Life Underwriters.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LIVE STOCK INSURANCE
COMPANIES. Organized at a meeting in Indianapolis, Ind., in
August, 19 1 4. The present officers, elected in July, 192 1, are: Presi-
dent, Charles F. Schwager, American Live Stock, Omaha, Neb. ; secre-
tary, W. B. Robinson, Springfield, 111.; treasurer, Carl A. Jackson,
Kaskaskia Live Stock. The headquarters of the association are in
Springfield. III. Directors: Chas. F. Schwager, American Live Stock:
R. T. Eddy, Kaskaskia Live Stock; A. J. Hasson, Nebraska Live
Stock; E. M. McGee, Wisconsin Live Stock.
The companies have also organized a service bureau. Miss M. L.
Kile is manager of the service department of the Live Stock Insurance
Bureau, 311 Pythian building, Indianapolis, Ind.
The following is the company membership roll April, i, 1922:
Kaskaskia Live Stock, Shelbyville, 111.; Nebraska Live Stock, Omaha,
Neb.; American Live Stock, Omaha, Neb.; Wisconsin Live Stock,
Madison, Wis.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL CASUALTY COM-
PANIES. The following are the officers: President, P. W. A. Fitz-
simmons; vice-presidents, C. E. Morrison, J. A. Gunn, P. J. Jacobs:
treasurer, W. M. Burch; general manager and secretary, Edmund S.
Cogswell; general counsel, Herman L. Ekern; assistant treasurer,
Frank E. Buckley. Board of Governors, John L. Train, James S. Kem-
per, P. J. Jacobs, George L. Mallery, J. C. Adderly, P. W. A. Fitzsim-
mons, C. E. Morrison, Homer R. Mitchell, W. M. Burch.
New York Office, 23-31 West 43rd Street; Chicago Office, 208
South La Salle Street.
Life and Casualty Section
345
The company membership roll is as follows:
Allied Mutual Liability. New York. N. Y.
Auto. Mutual Liability, Boston, Mass.
Bakers' Mutual, New York, N. Y.
Builders' Mutual of Wis., Madison, Wis.
Building Contractors Limited Mutual,
Milwaukee, Wis.
Employers Mutual, Des Moines, Iowa.
Employers Mutual, New York, N. Y.
Employers Mutual, Wausau, Wis.
Exchange Mutual, Buffalo, N. Y.
Federal Mutual, Boston, Mass:
Gopher Mutual, St. Paul, Minn.
Hardware Mutual, Stevens Point, Wis.
Indiana Liberty Mutual, Ind., Ind.
Integrity Mutual Casualty, Chicago, 111.
Interboro Mut. Indem., New York, N. Y.
Iowa Mutual Liability, Cedar Rapids, la.
Jamestown Mutual, Jamestown, N. Y.
Lumber Mutual Casualty, New York.
Lumbermens Mutual, Chicago, III.
Master Plumbers Limited Mutual, Mil-
waukee, Wis.
Merchants' Mutual Auto., Buffalo, N. Y.
Michigan Mutual. Detroit, Mich.
Mutual Boiler of Boston. Boston, Mass
Mutual Casualty, New York, N. Y.
Penn. Bituminous Mut., Huntingdon, Pa.
Security Mutual, Chicago, 111.
Texas Employers, Dallas, Texas.
U. S. Mutual Liability, Quincy, Mass.
Utica Mutual, Utica, N. Y.
Utilities Mutual. New York, N. Y.
Western Automobile, Fort Scott. Kansas.
NATIONAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Washington D. C. Organized 1898. Robert H. Rutherford, president
and treasurer; Dr. W. A. Warfield, vice-president; Lemuel W. Ruther-
ford, secretary; Robert W. Brown, medical director. Health and acci-
dent insurance.
NATIONAL • BUREAU OF CASUALTY AND SURETY
UNDERWRITERS (formerly National Workmen's Compensation
Service Bureau), 120 West 426 Street, New York, N. Y. This associa-
tion is composed of twenty-four of the leading casualty insurance
companies. It is maintained by those companies for the purpose of
bringing about uniformity of underwriting procedure in various branches
of the casualty insurance business on the basis of adequate and equitable
rates. It is also directly interested in promoting the cause of accident
prevention. Its officers are: J«s8e S. Phillips, general manager; A. W.
Whitney, associate general manager; G. F. Michelbacher, secretary-
treasurer. The following companies constitute the executive com-
mittee: Aetna Life Insurance Company, Continental Casualty Com-
pany, Fidelity and Casualty Company, Globe Indemnity Company,
Royal Indemnity Company, Standard Accident Insurance Company,
Travelers Insurance Company, U. S. Casualty Company, U. S. Fidelity
and Guaranty Company.
NATIONAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Detroit, Mich. Or-
ganized 1904; capital, $200,000. W. G. Curtis, president; H. S. Cur-
tis, vice-president and treasurer; E. A. Grant, secretary; J. L. Hep-
burn, assistant secretary; W. S. Walker, superintendent of agencies.
NATIONAL COUNCIL ON WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION
INSURANCE. The Council was organized in 1919 with the objects, as
expressed in its constitution, "to co-operate with rating organizations
and public officials in all states in the determination of equitable
premium rates for workmen's compensation insurance, and to promote
a true public understanding concerning the establishment of such rates."
The council, however, is the direct outgrowth of efforts made by repre-
sentatives of the different classes of compensation carriers to carry out
346 Cyclopedia of Insurance
the above objects through conference committees, but as compensation
insurance developed and the number of carriers increased the need for a
national rating and a more formal organization developed, and organi-
zation of the council was projected early in 19 19 and formal organiza-
tion completed in November.
Membership in the Council is composed of boards and bureaus
having jurisdiction over workmen's comp>ensation insurance rates or
the application thereof, and the work of the council is carried on
through committees as follows: Governing Committee, Committee of
Managers, General Rating committee, Actuarial committee and
Engineering committee.
The offices of the National Council are located at 16 East Fortieth
Street, New York, N. V., and Harwood E. Ryan is General Manager,
A. H. Mowbray, Actuary, G. F. Michelbacher, Secretary and H. F.
Richardson, Assistant Secretary.
NATIONAL FIDELITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Sioux City, Iowa. Began business 1916. Ralph H. Rice, president;
F. M. Pelletier, vice-president; E. C. Wolcott. vice-president and
manager Boys Department ; Carl T. Prime, secretarj' and treasurer;
C. F. Ramey, assistant secretary.
NATI9NAL FRATERNAL CONGRESS OF AMERICA.
This organization was formed by the consolidation of the National
Fraternal Congress and the Associated Fraternities of America, and
the consolidation was effected at a meeting held in Chicago, August
I9f 1913- Officers were elected as follows: President, W. H. Powers;
vice-president, J. F. Taake; secretary and treasurer, F. Nunemaker.
The National Fraternal Congress was organized in 1886, and included
most of the older and larger societies in its membership, while the
Associated Fraternities was organized in March, 1901, and the move-
ment which resulted in the consolidation of the two societies had
been under discussion for some time, but took definite shape with the
appointment of committees by each association in 1912 to consider
and formulate terms of consolidation.
The officers are as follows: President, George P. Kirby, National
Union Assurance Society, Toledo, O.; Vice-president, Henri Roy,
La Societe des Artisans Canadiens-Francais, Montreal, P. Q.; Secre-
tary, W. E. Futch, Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life and Accident
Insurance Association, Cleveland, O. ; Treasurer, A. E. King, Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen, Cleveland, O.
Members of the Executive Committee: \V. R. Shirley, Brother-
hood of American \'comen, Muskogee, Okla.: Harry Wade, Supreme
Lodge Knights of Pythias. Indianapolis, Ind.: Miss Bina M. West.
Woman's Benefit AsMjriation of the Maccabees, Port Huron, Mich.:
Hill Montague. Golden Seal Assurance Society, Richmond, V'a.; Mrs.
Frances Buell Olson, Decree of Honor Protective Association, St. Paul.
Minn.; Thomas F McPonald, Catholic Order of Foresters, Chicago,
111.
Life and Casualty Section 347
NATIONAL GUARDL^N LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
loi West.Main St., Madison, Wis. Organized 1910. George A. Boissard,
president; Adolph F. Menges, and C. L. Miller, vice-presidents; Ben-
jamin S. Beecher, secretary: W. J. Wandrey, assistant secretary;
C. M. Putnam, treasurer; W. W. Gill, medical director.
NATIONAL INSURANCE CONVENTION. The first gather-
ing of the state insurance officials was in 1 871, at the instance of Geoige
W. Miller, then superintendent of the New York state insurance
department. He issued invitations to the officials of other states
and territories, and they met at New York May 24, 1871. Eighteen
states were represented. Mr. Miller was chosen president, and Col.
Henry S. Olcott, then a New York journalist, was chosen secretary.
Mr. Miller, on taking the chair, stated that the object proposed in
calling these officials together was to secure, if possible, uniformity of
action in those matters which were discretionary with them in the
supervision of insurance, and to promote, through their efforts, such leg-
islation as was desirable to improve and protect the business. The
title of the organization adopted was the " National Insurance
Convention."
The first session lasted nine days, and there was a second ses-
sion held in October of the same year. A report of the proceedings,
which were long and varied, was prepared by the secretary. Colonel
Olcott, and published in two volumes of about 800 octavo pages.
The following table gives the names of the officers of the convention
elected at each meeting since its organization, and the successive places
of meeting.
CvcLOPEDu OP Insurance
Sc Louii.
Ma^HIi.
W. Miller. N.Y.
O". W. Chapmui. N. Y,
O. W. Omioum. N. Y.
S. H. Ron. Mich.
S. H. Ron, Mich.
O. PUIibury. N. H.
0. PUUbury, N, H.
A. R. McGUl. Mian.
1. L. ClHke, Mm.
kK. TiiSoi, Mu^
U. Cbcek.Jr.. WiL
O. R. Fyler. Coon.
G. S. MsTlU. Man.
C. P. EUobe. Mo.
G». B. Luper, Pl
J. C. Llo»h«o, N. H.
JM. F. Pw«. N. V.
Stephen W. Can. Me.
wrnianl H. Hart. Ind.
Jame* V. Barry, Micb.
VIce-Prcaldent
1- Bieew. Wla.
_ H. Ron, Mich.
O. Piuiburr'. N. H.
O. PUItbUTv. N. M.
A. R. McGUI. Minn.
'l. R. McT.iU. Minn.
. L. Clarke. MaM.
'. L. Spootiet, Wii.
. A. McCaU, Jr.. N.V.
C. F. Swiiert, Ul.
Chai. H. Moon. O.
Euacot Prlnsle, MIcb.
H.l. Rdunund. O.
S. H. Cnm. R. I.
" "^ Fvler, Conn.
__-d E. Kemp. O,
Samuel E. Kemp. O.
>. B. Luper. Pi.
H. Kliida, O.
_. N. Smith, Minn.
B. K. Duifee, III.
W. M. Hahn. O.
lu E. Folk. Teon.
... F. H. Hardison. Mai
H. S. OUxxl, N. Y.
H. S. Olcott. N. V.
O. PiUabiuy. N. R.
Onin T. Welch, Kan.
Onia T. WekA, Kan.
Onin T. Welch. Kan.
Oma T. Welch. Kan.
OrriD T. Welch. Kan.
J. W. Bniob. Coon.
Chaa. P. Solcert. lU.
Chai. P. Swicnt. UL
C. Shandrm. Ulnn.
R. B. Biinkeiboff. O.
]. A. McEwen. O.
Geo. B. L.aiiet. Pa.
Geo. B. LupB. Pa.
C. B. Allen, Neb.
F. L. Cultins. Maa
Wm. R. Ftlcke. Wla
" D. Campbell. Ml
S. Matthewi. O.
L. Scofield. Conn
Reau E. Folk. Teni
-. F. Carroll. la.
F. L. CnttJas. Maaa.
J. J. Biinkertiofl. IIL
J. I. fiilakcrboll. 111.
[. BrinkeiboA. in
. BrinkerhoS. IIL
T. H. MacDanald. Ct.
H. HaidlKin, Maia. I H. R.
MoBta
me< R. YouM, N. C.I F. H. M<
iilard Done. Ul ' " "
_ irtonMsiufcld,
JohnT.Wiiuhlp.Mich.
Micb.
R.J.Merriil.N.H.
fiwph G. Brown. Vt.
H. Elliwortb. Mich,
A. L. Harty, Mo.
.;. H. 1. ^^
F. H. McMaater. R. C.
F. H. McMaatet.S. C.
F. H. McMuier S t
F.H. McMaater. S.c;
JoKph Buitoo. Va.
Joseph Button. Va.
Joseph Button. Va
oaeph Button. \'a
Life and Casualty Section 349
The fifty-second annual meeting was held in Louisville, Ky.;
September 27, 28, 29 and 30, 1921. President Harty called the meet-
ing to order, and in his address reviewed briefly economic conditions
as affecting insurance interests, and discussed some of the questions
before the convention and conditions in the business. The president
strongly advocated uniform laws and requirements and urged members
of the convention to work towards that end in their respective states.
The president also expressed the view that too many kinds of accident
policies were being issued, some of which were misleading, and many of
which could and should be eliminated.
Reports from standing and special committees were presented and
discussed and papers were read and discussed as follows: "Insurance
Supervision in Canada," V. Evan Gray, superintendent of Insurance,
Ontario, Canada; "Coverage Under Health and Accident Policies."
Gustaf Lindquist, Minnesota. "Uniformity (a) As to Taxation and
Fees," A. C. Savage, Iowa; (b) "As to Investments," Clarence W.
Hobbs, Massachusetts; "Should all Types of Carriers be Subject to
Uniform Requirements Respecting Reserves and Supervision, Piatt
Whitman, Wisconsin; "Efficiency of Insurance Agents," Stacy W.
Wade, North Carolina; "State Insurance," Burton Mansfield, Con-
necticut; "Licensing of Public Claim Adjusters," Thomas B. Donald-
son, Pennslyvania.
Officers were elected as follows: President, Thomas B. Donaldson,
Pennslyvania; vice-president, Piatt Whitman, Wisconsin; second
vice-president, H. O. Fishback, Washington; secretary, Joseph Button,
Virginia; executive committee, Clarence W. Hobbs, Massachusetts,
chairman; Burton Mansfield, Connecticut; W. N. Van Camp, South
Dakota; A. C. Savage, Iowa; James F. Ramey, Kentucky; Joseph G.
Brown, Vermont, and T. M. Henry, Mississippi.
The mid-winter meeting of the convention was held in New York,
December 6, 7 and 8, 1921. The meeting adopted the report of the
committee on fire insurance outlining the agreement reached as to the
method of calculating underwriting profit and allowance for the conflag-
gration hazards. A resolution was adopted respecting department
examinations, reiterating the adopted practice, but intended further to
keep examination work in the hands of permanent attaches of the
departments. A resolution was adopted calling for the appointment
of a committee to co-operate with organizations collecting data or
advising as to rates in workmen's compensation insurance, and a
resolution disapproving the quotation of a higher special rate by
mutuals was adopted.
The following are the chairmen of the standing committees as
constituted after the last annual meeting: Accident and Health policies;
Gustaf Lingquist, Minnesota; Actuarial bureau, James F. Ramey,
Kentucky. Assets of Insurance Companies, Clarence W. Hobb^,
Massachusetts. Blanks, Henry D. Appleton, New York. Codifica-
tion of Rulings, W. N. Van Camp, South Dakota. Credentials, George
A. Cole, Nevada. Examinations, Joseph Button, Virginia. Fidelity
and Surety Companies, Joseph G. Brown, Vermont. Fire Insurance,
350 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Joseph Button, Virginia. Fraternal Insurance, A. C. Savage, Iowa.
Laws and Legislation, Burton Mansfield, Connecticut. Miscellaneous,
W. B. Young, Nebraska. Publicity and Conservation, Thomas J. Keat-
ing, Maryland. Unfinished Business, G. Waldron Smith, Maine. Rates
of Insurance Companies, J. C. Luning, Florida. Rates of Mortality
and Interest, T. M. Henry, Mississippi. Reserves Other than Life,
Frank L. Travis, Kansas. Social Insurance, H. J. Brace, Idaho. Tax-
ation, H. O. Fishback, Washington. Workmen's Compensation Insur-
ance, Piatt Whitman, Wisconsin. Valuation of Securities, F. R. Stod-
dard, Jr., New York. Unauthorized Insurance, P. H. Wilbour, Rhode
Island.
NATIONAL LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Nashville, Tenn. Organized 1900; capital, $300,000. C. A.
Craig, president; W. R. Wills, T. J. Tyne, N. H. White, and E. B.
Craig, vice-presidents; C. R. Clements, secretary and treasurer; W. S.
Bearden, Jr., assistant secretary; R. £. Fort, medical director.
NATIONAL LIFE ASSOCIATION, Des Moines, Iowa. Organ-
ized 1899. James P. Hewitt, president; M. L. McCoy, vice-president;
E. S. Kinney, secretary. F. W. Stewart, assistant secretary; Wm.
Stevenson, medical director.
NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Montpelier,
Vt. This company's charter was granted by the state of Vermont
November 13, 1848, and was amended October 26, 1849. after which
the company organized and began to do business, January 17, 1850.
On October 30, 1850, another act was approved, which reduced the
number of directors from twenty-five to thirteen, and made it unlaw-
ful for the company to loan money to any of its officers or directors.
Three subsequent acts have modified the original charter; that of
November 12, 1852, provided for a secure investment of the company's
assets and the right to establish agencies in foreign states; that of
November 18, 1856, defined the beneficiary rights of married women
and other persons; that of October 28, 1858, altered the name of the
company by abbreviation, making it simply " National Life Insurance
Company; ' those of November 12, 1886, November 10, 1892, Octo-
ber 24, 1894, and November 23, 1900, pertaining to the election of
directors. The guarantee capital was eliminated in 1879 and the plan
of insurance has since been and is now purely mutual.
The company entered Massachusetts in 1850; New York, 1850;
Ohio and Illinois, 1869; Michigan, 1872; Iowa, 1873; Pennsylvania.
1874; Minnesota, 1875; Pacific Coast, 1884: Missouri, 1889. It now
occupies thirty-nine states. The present officers and directors are:
Fred A. Howland, president; Harry M. Cutler, vice-president; Osman
D. Clark, secretary; Arthur B. Bisbee, M. D., second vice-president and
medical director; Clarence E. Moulton, actuary; Edward D. Field,
second vice-president, superintendent underwriting; William W.
Russell, treasurer; George B. Young, general counsel; Lorimer P.
Brigham, superintendent of agencies; William P. Dillingham, Harr>' M-
Life and Casualty Section
351
Cutler, William W. Stickney, Henry R. Piatt, George H. Olmsted,
Charles P. Smith, Fred A. Howland, Charles W. Gammons, Osman D.
Clark, Frank C. Partridge, Arthur B. Bisbee, J. Gray Estey, John M.
Thomas, directors.
The amount of insurance in force December 31, 192 1, paid-for
basis, was $333,894,264. The following items are taken from its
annual statement, 1907 to 1921, inclusive:
Dec.
Premiums
Interest
Insurance
31
Received
and Rents
Total Income
Gross Assets
Outstanding
if07
$5,932,753-66
$1,752,711.76
$7,675,465.42
7.901,671.05
$40,354,241-29
$151,779,281.00
1908
5.985.082.46
1,915.885.10
44.026,069.73
154,147,843.00
1909
6.364.735.65
2.053.048.38
8,418,275.40
47.490,998.98
159.187,877.00
1910
6,631.902.38
2,221,873.78
8,854.007.31
50,440,519.33
167,261,226.00
X911
6,762.055.31
2,391.551.05
9,156,450.62
53.445.289.8 1
172.678.6S5-00
1912
6.834.S06.84
2.582,660.13
9,431.841.55
56.038,867.81
179.464.607.00
1913
6.934.724-61
2,751.083.76
9.689,109.91
58,947,889.72
188.354.053.00
1914
7,290,719.61
2,903,626.50
10,195.624.49
61,509,789.66
194.625.366.00
191S
7.330,086.10
3,047,082.30
10,385,260.21
63.828.704,98
200,987.121.00
1916
7.921,793.59
3.142,726.18
11,076,302.27
66.426.040.82
212,037.400.00
1917
8,296.452.07
3.227*548.50
11,552,875.99
68,595,237.25
223,593.866.00
1918
8.339.795.74
3,421,605.30
11,791,037.97
71.038,415.63
233 .434.376. 00
1919
9,648,187,71
3.520,587.36
13,355.102.84
73.060,254.79
267,801,560.00
X920
10,740,849.42
3,637,904.09
14,644.112.40
74,609,278.70
309,455,304.00
Surplus unassigned, December 31, 192 1, was $3,749,420.64 (actual
market basis), which does not include $3,000,442.05, assigned for distri-
bution in 1922. Business issued since January i, 1901, upon three per
cent, interest basis.
The National works upon the level premium system, writes only
participating forms, issues term, life, limited {>ayment life, endowment,
monthly income and instalment benefit policies, with premium waiver
and monthly income disability benefits in eligible cases, and endorses
and guarantees liberal cash, paid-up, and extended insurance values
on all its forms. Its endowment policies are unique in carrying an
additional option allowing conversion to p>aid-up life insurance without
medical re-examination.
NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE
SOUTHWEST, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Organized, 191 7. Capital,
S^oo.ooo. John Becker, president; R. H. Hanna', active vice-president
and general counsel; Nathan Jaffa, W. C. Reid, B. C. Hernandez, vice-
presidents; E. L. Coriell, acting secretary; R. A. Tompkins, assistant
secretary; G. E. Breece, treasurer; J. F. Pearce, medical director;
\V- A. Munster, actuary; W. C. Keim, agency director, R. C. Lenihan,
assistant agency director.
NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Chicago, 111. A.M.Johnson,
pre^dent; Robert E. Sackett, vice-president; Robert D. Lay, vice-
president and secretary. Capital, $500,000. Assets, January I, 1922,
^2,468,852.68; liabilities, including capital, $20,170,838.06; surplus
352 Cyclopedia of Insusancb
apportioned and unapportioned, $1,298,014.62. This company was
originally incorporated by a special act of Congress on July 25, 1868,
and commenced business August i, 1868. Over thirty years ago the
principal office was removed to Chicago, 111., and on March 3, 1904,
the company was reincorporated under the laws of Illinois. The home
office is located in the company's own building, a twelve story structure
located at 29 South La Salle Street. The company operates in forty
states, its territory now extending from coast to coast. Under the pres-
ent management the company has shown remarkable progress. About
eleven years ago an Accident Department was organized, and the
company now writes approved forms of non-participating life, accident
and health policies. The gains made during the past five years were as
follows :
Increase in yearly income S3.33o,5S9-33
Increase in assets 7,174,087.01
Increase in insurance 48,844.438.95
NATIONAL MASONIC PROVIDENT ASSOCIATION. Ford
Building, Mansfield, Ohio. Organized 1890. C. E. McBride, president
M. B. Bushnell, vice-president; E. G. Robinson, secretary; Charles S.
Williams, treasurer. Accident and health insurance.
NATIONAL RELIEF ASSURANCE COMPANY, 244 South
8th street, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1903; capital, $100,000. M. S.
Boyer, president; Robert M. Fry, secretary; W. H. Granville, treas-
urer. Accident and health insurance.
NATIONAL RESERVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Topeka, Kansas, Organized 1920; capital $225,000. Transacts
life insurance on the legal reserve plan. George Godfrey Moore,
president; Wm. Horley, Geo. L. Kreeck, J. H. Mercer, vice-presidents;
J. R. Anspaugh, secretary; J. H. Lee, treasurer; A. B. Jeffrey, medical
director; Robert Stone, counsel.
NATIONAL SAVINGS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Wichita, Kansas. Organized 1922; capital $300,000. Surplus $270,-
000. W. C. Coleman, president; C. M. Jackman and L. A. Boli, vice-
presidents; W. M. G. Howse, secretary; L. W. Clapp, treasurer.
NATIONAL SURETY COMPANY of New York, incorporated
June, 1897, with $500,000 capital, increased to $750,000 in 1909,
$1,500,000 in 1910, $2,000,000 in 1912, $3,000,000 in 1915, $4,000,000 in
1916 and in December 1919, to $5,000,000. Its present available
resources amount to over $25,000,000. Though its charter covers
casualty insurance, it writes only fidelity and surety bonds and
burglary insurance. The company had its origin in the surety depart-
ment of the M. K. & T. Trust Co. in 1888, being separately incor-
porated as the National Surety Company of Kansas City in 1893
and re-incorporated as a New York company in 1897, making prac-
tically one continuous organization for nearly thirty years. Although
Life and Casualty Section 353
not the oldest company, it is now, according to Federal standards,
the largest and strongest surety company, not only posessing the
largest underwriting power, but also larger than that ever possessed by
any other surety company and it transacts the largest volume of
business in its special lines. It is fully qualified in Canada, Cuba and
Mexico and in all states, territories, and dependencies of the United
States, including Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, Philippine Islands,
Porto Rico, Guam, and Virgin Islands. Wm. B. Joyce, president;
Wm. J. Grffiin, vice-president; Joel Rathbone, second vice-president;
E. A. St. John, vice-president; Hubert J. Hewitt, secretary.
NATIONAL UNION ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 437 Michigan
street, Toledo, Ohio. Organized 1883. D. A. Helpman, president;
H. S. Anderson, vice-president; E. A. Myers, secretary; C. G. Bentley,
treasurer; W. P. Coler, actuary; Dr. T. H. Clark, medical director.
NATIONAL WORKMENS COMPENSATION SERVICE
BUREAU. The Bureau was reorganized in 192 1 (See National Bureau
of Casualty and Surety Underwriters.)
NEBRASKA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1865-1922.
The auditor of public accounts, was, until 1913, charged with the su-
pervision of insurance. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14, for list of former
officials.]
The legislature of 1913 passed an act creating a State Insurance
Board, composed of the Governor, Attorney-General and State
Auditor. William B. Eastham was appointed commissioner under the
act. The legislature in 1919 enacted legislation creating a department
of trade and commerce, and supervision of insurance is under a secretary
of the department, who is appointed for a term of two years. W. B.
Young, formerly actuary in the insurance department, was appointed
chief of the insurance bureau.
NEBRASKA LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION was
organized in March, 1890, the original officers being W. J. Fisher, presi-
dent; H. D. Neely and O. H. Jeffries, vice-presidents; and E. H. May-
hew, secretary. The present officers are: President, Robert T. Bums;
vice-president, S. W. Townsend; secretary, R. W. Gentzler; treasurer,
Charles Eyre.
NEBRASKA LIVE STOCK INSURANCE AND INDEMNITY
COMPANY, Keeline Building, Omaha, Nebraska. Organized 1916;
capital $200,000. A. J. Hasson, president, T. H. Wake, vice-president,
Carl F. Swanland, secretary, John F. McArdle, treasurer, J. M. Dailey,
general agent automobile department. Writes, live stock mortality
and automobile full coverage insurance.
NEBRASKA STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Lin-
coln, Neb. Organized 1915. Ernest C. Folsom, president; James F.
Kinney, vice-president; Joseph S. Dickman, secretary and treasurer;
H. E. Flansberg, medical director.
354 Cyclopedia of Insurance
NEVADA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1864-1922. In
Nevada the state controller is ex-officio insurance commissioner. The
official term of the controller is four years. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13-
14 for list of former officials.] George A. Cole is the present controller.
NEVADA STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Reno,
Nevada. Organized 1917. John Etchbarren, president; Dr. Charles
E. Mooser, vice-president; R. O. Longnecker, secretary-; T. O. Ward,
treasurer; W. S. Harris, assistant secretary.
NEW AMSTERDAM CASUALTY COMPANY, New York.
Organized 1898; capital, $1,250,000. J. Arthur Nelson, president;
Sifford Pearre, secretary and treasurer; F. H. Strickland and Wm. C.
Hunter, assistant treasurers.
NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY was chartered April i, 1835, and began business December
I, 1843. Alfred D. Foster, president; D. F. Appel, vice-president;
Reginald Foster, vice-president; Jacob A. Barbey, vice-president;
George W. Smith, vice-president; Frank T. Partridge, secretary^;
William F. Davis, Morris P. Capen, W^allace D. Dexter, Jr., Charles H.
Flood and Dwight Foster, assistant secretaries; Herbert D. Bow,
actuary; Glover S. Hastings, superintendent of agencies; Edwin W*.
Dwight, M.D., medical director; David N. Blakely, M.D., and John
Mason Little, M.D., assistant medical directors.
NEW ENGLAND WOMEN'S LIFE UNDERWRITERS AS-
SOCIATION was organized at the Parker House, Boston, Mass.,
November 29, 1898, by a number of women engaged in the life insur-
ance and kindred business. The following officers were elected for
the first year: Mrs. M. A. F. Potts, of the Mutual Life, preadent;
Mrs. V. B. Peakes of the New York Life, first vice-president; Mrs.
Flora A. Barker of the Phoenix Mutual Life, second vice-president;
Miss Agnes McGuflFy, of the Mutual Life, secretary; Miss Frances
Van Ballen of the New York Life, treasurer. The present o cers
elected in March 1922, are: president, Mrs. Grace Coleman Lathrop,
Equitable; vice-president, Mrs. Emma I. Clapp, Equitable; secretary.
Miss Nellie M. Fee, Employers Liability; treasurer, Mrs. Hattie M.
Leavitt.
NEW HAMPSHIRE, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1852-
1922. The insurance department in New Hampshire was established
in 1852. Originally the board consisted of three members, and after-
ward of two. In 1870 the statute was modified, providing for the
appointment of but one commissioner. [For list of earlier officials see
Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14.]
R. N. Eiwell, succeeded Robert J. Merrill, resigned, and the
present commissioner is John T. Donohue. The tenure of the office is
three years, the appointment being made by the governor and executive
council.
Life and Casualty Section 355
NEW HAMPSHIRE LIFE UNDERWRITERS' CLUB was
oreanized at Concord, May 31, 1889. The original officers were:
John J. Dillon, president; George A. McKellar of Concord and John
D. Chandler of N'ashua, vice-presidents; Charles E. Staniels of Con-
cord, secretary; Charles S. Parker of Concord, treasurer. The present
o t.cers elected in May, 1921, are: President, George L. Stearns, Massa-
chusetts Mutual, Manchester; vice-president, F. A. Colton, State
Mutual; secretary and treasurer, Edward L. Tucker.
NEW JERSEY FIDELITY AND PLATE GLASS INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Newark, N. J. Organized 1868; capital,
$500,000. C. Hoagland, president; V. E. H. Hoagland, vice-president;
H. C. Hedden, secretary; W. D. VVard, treasurer; H. S. Hayes, assist-
ant secretary; W. H. Saul, assistant treasurer.
NEW JERSEY, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1875-
1922. Under the general insurance law enacted April 9, 1875, Henry
C. Kelsey, secretary of the state, became insurance commissioner
ex officio f and he had charge of the supervision of the insurance busi-
ness in the state until April i, 1891, when the act of February 10,
i8qi, creating a department of banking and insurance, went into effect.
[See Cyclopedia of Insurance for 19 13- 14 for list of former officials.]
Frank H. Smith was appointed to succeed George M. LaMonte
in 1917 and the present commissioner is Wm. E. Tuttle, Jr. The
salary of the commissioner is $4,000 per annum, and his term of o^ce
is three years.
NEW JERSEY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Newark,
N. J. Organized 191 7; capital, $300,000. The company re-insured in
the Metropolitain Life Insurance Company in 192 1, and retired.
NEW JERSEY MANUFACTURERS CASUALTY INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, Trenton, New Jersey. Organized 1913. Capital
$100,000. J. P. Bird, president; Chas. W. Crane, vice-president;
H. D. Leavitt, treasurer; W^ C. Billman, secretary.
NEW MEXICO, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. The
territorial act of February 18, 1882, required insurance companies
to report to the territorial auditor. A separate insurance department
was created in 1905, but the legislature in 1921 enacted a law abolishing
the deptartment and placing the duties of supervision of insurance in
the bank examiners otfice. K. P. M. Lienau was appointed insurance
deputy under the bank examiner.
NEW WORLD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Spokane,
Wash. Organized 19 10; John J. Cadigan, president; Edward J.
O'Shea, vice-president and treasurer; Francis H. Benson, vice-presi-
dent; R. C. Burton, actuary and secretary; Edward Base, assistant
secretary; J. P. Fordyce, agency manager; Dr. P. J. Gallagher, medical
director.
356 Cyclopedia of Insurance
NEW YORK FRATERNAL CONGRESS. The present officers,
elected in January, 1922, are: President. George A. Scott. National
Protective Legion, Waverty; vice-president, John J. Volk, The Macca-
bees, Buffalo; secretary, Arthur F. Bouton, Golden Seal Assurance
Society, Roxbury; treasurer, George E. Bailey, Jr., Independent Order
of Foresters, Niagara Falls; executive committee, A. Horn, American
Benefit Association. New York; Max L. Hollander, Independent Order
Brith Abraham, New York; John O'Leary, Independent Order of
Foresters, Clayton.
NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE. Darwin
P. Kingsley, president ; Thomas A. Buckner and Ruf us W. Weeks, vice-
presidents; John C. McCall and Walker Buckner, second vice-presi-
dents; Seymour M. Ballard, Frederick M. Corse, and Wilbur H.
Pierson, secretaries; James M. Hudnut, Junior secretary; Norman R.
Haskell, Leo H. McCall, Harry S. Ford, Geom M. Brasier and William
F. RohlflFs, assistant secretaries; Robert E. Dedell, field secretary;
Harold Palagano, treasurer; William Cheney, George A. Newkirk,
Walton P. Kingsley and Frederick M. Johnson, assistant treasurers;
Edward A. Anderson, Isaac E. Gillies and Frederick A. Jackson,
comptrollers; L. Seton Lindsay, superintendent of agencies; Charles
H. Langmuir, assistant superintendent of agencies; Grenville Howard,
field editor; Peter Duncanson, financial director European depart-
ment; Arthur Hunter, chief actuary; Arthur R. Grow, Adolph David-
son, William Young and William Macfarlane, actuaries; Oscar H.
Rogers, M.D., chief medical director; Morris L. King, M.D., Ernest H.
Lines, M.D., and Thomas W. Bickerton, M.D., medical directors;
Angier B. Hobbs, M.D., associate medical director; H. P. Woley, M.
D., Calvin L. Harrison, M.D., Paul E. Tiemann, M.D., James H.
North, M.D., Robert A. Fraser, M.D., and Paul Mazguri, assistant
medical directors; George W. Hubbell and James H. Mcintosh, general
counsel; Harry H. Bottome, general solicitor; Cornelius C. >\Tiite,
auditor; John J. Hopper, cashier.
The New York Life was organized as a purely mutual company in
April, 1845, under the name "Nautilus Insurance Company." It was
authorized to transact life, marine, inland navigation and transpor-
tation, and fire insurance. Two fire policies were issued, but the first
by-laws, adopted on June 2d, restricted the Company's business to
"msurance on life andf all and every insurance (pertaining to life." In
i8d9 the name was changed by an Act of the Legislature to "New York
Lite Insurance Company", and its authority was enlarged to include
the power to "make and execute trusts." Under an amendment to its
charter, made in 1912, the Company is authorized to transact health
and accident insurance. This was made to cover the Disability and
Double Indemnity Benefits included in its present policies. The New
York Life was the first company doing a general business to issue
non- forfeiting policies, its action in this respect antedating the Massa-
chusetts Non-forfeiture Law of May, 1861 by nearly eieht months.
This Company was also the first life company to issue policies free of
Life and Casualty Section 357
all restrictions as to residence, occupation, travel and habits of life
(1892). The Company at one time did business in everv civilized
country, but of late has curtailed its business in foreign lands. Its
foreign risks were so carefully selected and ^aded that the percentage
of actual to expected mortality showed no increase on account of the
Great War. The mortality in 1921 was the lowest of which the company
has any record. The Company's admitted assets on December 31, 1921,
(market values) were $952,632,138.80.
NEW YORK PLATE GLASS INSURANCE COMPANY,
63 Maiden Lane, New York. Organized 1891; capital $150,000.
J. Carroll French, president; Chas. Jerome Edwards and Leopold S.
Bache, vice-presidents; James K. Clark, secretary; Robert E. Robson,
assistant secretary; Frederick E. Pohle, treasurer; William G. Maurer,
auditor.
NEW YORK PRINTERS AND BOOKBINDERS MUTUAL
INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y. Organized 1914.
J. W. Both well, president; John J. Lauben, secretary; Frederic C,
Stevens, treasurer; Merton L, Griswold, assistant treasurer; C. F. von
Dreusche, manager. 147 Fourth Ave.
NEW YORK SAFETY RESERVE FUND, 1780 Broadway,
New York, N. Y. Organized 1882. George L. Forrest, president;
E. A. Kelley, secretary. Writes Life, health and accident insurance.
Operates in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont.
NEW YORK STATE, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN,
1859-1922. Prior to 1850, the comptroller of New York state was
charged with the duties of insurance supervision. The present insur-
ance department was established under act of April 15, 1859, which
became operative January i, i860. [For list of omcials and brief his-
tory of department see Cyclopedia for 19 13-14 and earlier volumes.]
Jesse S. Phillips was appointed in July, 1915 and re-appointed in
1918 and 1 92 1, but resigned in Novembfer 1921, and Frank J. Stod-
dart was appointed his successor. The official term is three years,
and the annual salary $10,000. Henry D. Appleton is deputy super-
intendent.
NEW YORK TITLE AND MORTGAGE COMPANY, New
York, N. Y. Organized in 1901 as The Title Insurance Company of
New York. Capital, $4,000,000. Harry A. Kahler, president; Cyril H.
Burdett, Henry S. Acken, vice-presidents; Gerhard Kuehne, vice-
president and secretary; Ernest J. Habighorst, Hubert F. Breitwieser,
vice-presidents; Joseph L. Obermayer, treasurer; Nelson A. Mersereau,
Louis Palefetrant, Harry E. Kuhlman, Frank L. Stiles, Joseph C.
Shields, Alfred C. Busch, assistant secretaries; Edward Mullowney,
assistant treasurer.
358 Cyclopedia of Insurance
NIAGARA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Buffalo, X. Y.
Organized 1869; reorganized as stock company 1899; cash capital,
$150,000. Wilbur C. Dixon, president; Victor Berlin, vice-president
and treasurer; J. F. Warner, vice-president; F. H. Beilstein, secretary.
Carl F. Stratford, superintendent of agencies.
NON-FORFEITURE LIFE INSURANCE LAWS. The first
law of this kind was brought before the legislature of Massachusetts
in 1859 by Elizur Wright, then one of the insurance commissioners
of that state, and in 1861 the law was passed. It provided that pol-
icies of life insurance should not be forfeited for non-payment of prem-
iums, but that eighty per cent of the reserve at the time of the failure
to pay any premium should be used as a single net premium for term
insurance. In 1880 this law was changed by the le^[islature so as to
compel surrender values to be paid in cash where insurable interest
had ceased, and in other cases used to purchase paid-up insurance, to
be paid at the same time as the original policy. ^ This law only applied
after two full annual premiums had been paid. In the revision of
1887 the law was again changed. The first law applied to ail policies
issued between the ninth day of May, 1 861, and the first day of Janu-
ary, 1 88 1. The second applied to all policies issued between January
I, 188 1, and April 21, 1887.
California passed a law in 1872, amended 1880; Maine in 1877,
amended 1887; Michigan in 1869, amended 1881; Missouri in 1879,
amended 1903; New York in 1879, amended in 1892 and 1906; New
Jersey in 1895; New Hampshire 1897; Colorado 1907, and West Vir-
ginia, 1907; and Louisiana, 1906; Kentucky, amended in 1902. [For
full text of laws see Cyclopedia for 1907-1908, and earlier volumes.]
Up to 1906 the above were all the laws regulating the forfeiture
of life insurance policies in force, and the practice of companies makes
such legislation unnecessary. However, such laws were enacted in
Louisiana in 1906 and the New York law was amended, and in 1907
Colorado and West Virginia enacted such a law.
In addition to the above, legislation has been enacted in several
states since 1906, prescribing standard provisions to be contained in
policies of life insurance, and among the prescribed provisions is one
against forfeiture.
The Missouri law was declared unconstitutional by the United
States Supreme Court in 1918.
NORTH AMERICAN ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY of Chicago. Organized 1886; reincorporated in 1899 as a
stock company; capital, $200,000. E. C. Waller, president and treas-
urer; A. E. Forrest, vice-president and secretary; H. A. Luther, second
vice-president and agency manager; F. J. Forest and Edward St.
Clair, assistant secretaries.
Life and Casualty Section 359
NORTH AMERICAN LIFE AND CASUALTY COMPANY,
Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 1896 as an assessment company;
reorganized as legal reserve company in 1915; capital, $125,000.
Z. H. Austin, president. R. H. Wells, vice-president; Henry M.
Little, secretary; E. G. Thomas, cashier; D. D. Mclnnis, treasurer
and superintendent of agents; F. J. Huch, assistant secretary.
NORTH AMERICAN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF
CANADA, Toronto, Can. Organized 1881; entered the United
States in 1899. L. Goldman, president and managing director; W. K.
George and Col. D. McCrae, vice-presidents; W. B. Taylor, sec-
retary; C. VV. Strathy, treasurer; D. E. Kilgour, actuary; E. J.
Harvey, supervisor of agencies.
NORTH AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY of
Chicago, 111. Organized 1907; capital, $700,000. John H. McNam-
ara, president; E. S. Ashbrook, vice-president; Albert Schurr, second
vice-president; T. J. Fleming, third vice-president; W. P. Kent,
secretary and treasurer; J. H. McCarthy, superintendent of agencies;
Wm. O. Morris, actuary and assistant secretary; Dr. Charles B. Irwin,
medical director; Thomas E. Rooney, general counsel.
NORTH AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Omaha, Neb. Organized 1906. G. L. E. Klingbeil, president; George
J. Haslam, M. D., F. A. C. S., vice-president and medical director;
D. D. Hall, secretary; W. W. Young, treasurer and general counsel;
A. A. Speers, B.A., F.A.S., actuary. A. H. Klekamp, superintendent
of agents.
NORTH CAROLINA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN.
1 874- 1 922. The secretary of state was originally the supervisor of
insurance interests in North Carolina, under general statutes of 1874-
1875, but in February, 1899, the legislature created a distinct state
department of insurance. The insurance commissioner is elected
for a term of two years. James R. Young was elected the first com-
missioner, and continued in the o'^ce until 1920 when he was succeeded
by Stacy Wade. (For list of supervising officials see Cyclopedia for
1913-14.)
NORTH CAROLINA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Durham, N. C. Organized 1899. A. M. Moore, M.D., presi-
dent; J. M. Avery, vice-president; C. C. Spaulding, secretary and
treasurer; E. R. Merrick, assistant secretary; Clyde Donnell, M.D.,
medical director; W. J. Kennedy, assistant secretary.
NORTH DAKOTA ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDER-
WRITERS, was organized at a meeting held in Fargo in January,
I9i3» The officers elected were: President, A. N. Hathaway, Fidel-
360 Cyclopedia of Insurance
itv Mutual, Fargo; vice-presidents, Eugene Fretz, Northwestern
Mutual and F. W. Thomas, Phcenix Mutual; secretary, Georae H.
Olmstedf New York Life, Grand Forks; treasurer, John F. Treat,
Germania Life. The present officers, elected in February, 1922, are:
A. T. Lynner, president; Wm. A. Burns and C. H. Simpson, vice-
presidents; W. A. Crary, Northwestern National Life, secretary;
J. Frank Treat, treasurer.
NORTH DAKOTA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1883-
1922. The office of commissioner of insurance in North Dakota
was created by the constitutional convention, the provision therefor
bein^ made effective by act approved December 4, 1890. The com-
missioner is elected by the people for a term of two years.
Prior to April 6, 1883, all insurance business was done through
the office of the territorial secretary. [For list of supervising officials
see Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14.]
W. C. Taylor was elected in 1910, and was succeeded in 1917 by
S. A. Olsness.
NORTHERN ASSURANCE COMPANY OF MICHIGAN.
Detroit, Mich. (See American Life Insurance Company, Detroit,
Mich.)
NORTHERN CASUALTY COMPANY, Aberdeen, South Dakota.
Organized 191 1. Isaac Lincoln, president; C. H. Russell and F. L.
Clisby, vice-presidents; Theo. Wasnuk, secretary; Roswell Bottum,
toeasurer; Frank S. Wilder, managing underwriter.
NORTHERN INDEMNITY CORPORATION THE, 152 Louis
Street, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Organized 1914; Paid in Capital
$320,243.87; Colon C. Lillie, president; Lowry Vahey, Charles B.
Scully and L. H. Ives, vice-presidents; H. J. Wells, secretary and
treasurer. This was formerly known as the Peninsular Casualty
Company, present title adopted in 1922.
NORTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Seattle, Wash.
Organized, 1906; capital, paid-in, $250,000. D. B. Morgan, president;
F. K. Struve, vice-president; T. S. Lippy, vice-president; Jas. B.
Eagleson, vice-president and medical director; Arthur P. Johnson,
secretary; Jno. F. Bamford, assistant to the president; J. H. Sargent
assistant secretary; E. S. Campau, agency supervisor.
NORTHERN STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 19 18. F. W. Dal ton, president;
M. F. Wagner, vice-president; R. F. Marquis, actuary; W. F. Robert-
son, secretary and treasurer.
Life and Casualty Section 361
NORTHWESTERN CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY,
Milwaukee, Wis. Organized 1921; capital $1,000,000. Herman
Fehr, president; Carl A. Johnson and E. M. McMahon, vice-presi-
dents; Howard Green, secretary; E, A. Reddeman treasurer; C. H.
Franklin, general manager.
NORTHWESTERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha,
Neb. Organized 19 19; capital $101,008. C. G. Smith, president;
P. J. Harrison, secretary.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, THE, of Milwaukee, Wis., was incorporated March 2, 1857,
under the name of " The Mutual Life Insurance Company of the
State of Wisconsin."
In January, 1865, the name of the Company was changed by
legislative enactment to its present form. Insurance is effects only
on the lives of carefully selected males residing in the healthful por-
tions of the United States, resulting in a very favorable mortality
experience. In 1870, the Company adopted the Actuaries' four per
cent basis February i, 1899. On January i, 1922, the assets of the
Company were $507,085,694.32 and there were 759,603 policies in force
in the sum of $2,350,450,298.
The officers and official staff of the Company are: W. D. Van
Dyke, president; P. R. Sanborn, vice-president; M. J. Cleary, vice-
president; George Lines, general counsel; A. S. Hathaway, secretary;
Percy H. Evans, actuary; J. W. Fisher, M. D., medical director;
George E. Copeland, superintendent of agencies; Joseph R. Dyer,
Sam T. Swansen and H. N. Laflin, assistant counsel; Evan D. Jones,
T. J. Knox, G. L. Anderson, and Ralph E.Perry, assistant secretaries,
Frank C. Hemsing and Arthur Coburn, assistant actuaries; G. A. Har-
low, M.D., Wm. Thorndike, M.D., D. E. W. Wenstrand, M.D., and
L. G. Sykes, M.D., assistant medical directors; M. H. O. Williams
John J. Hughes, and W. H. Dallas, assistant superintendents of agencies;
Shepard E. Barry, auditor; E. H. Hooker, superintendent of claims;
Jos. T. Gallagher, assistant superintendent of claims; F. E. Wilman,
superintendent of bonds; F. P. Price, sup>erintendent of mortgage loans;
Frank C. Lewis, superintendent of loan agents; W. E. Griswold, mana-
ger of mortgage loans: W. P. Behling, cashier; J. E. Birkhaeuser,
assistant cashier; O. G. Rieck, superintendent of supplies.
NORTHWESTERN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 1885. John T. Baxter, presi-
dent; H. W. Cook, M. D., vice-president and medical director; W.
Rolla Wilson, second vice-president and superintendent of agents;
J. Stewart Hale, actuary; Maurice V. Jenness, secretary; E. W. Hill-
"weg, assistant secretary; Henry B. Tillotson, Jr., assistant secretary;
O. J. Johnson, M.D., assistant medical director; E. D. Lacy, assistant
actuary; Hugh Pritchard, auditor; Henry F. White, treasurer.
362 Cyclopedia of Insurance
NORWEGIAN GLOBE INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., of
Christiania, Norway. The assets, liabilities and business was taken
over by the General Casualty and Surety Re-insurance Compiany,
New York in 1922 (which see.)
NORWICH UNION INDEMNITY COMPANY of New York;
organized in 19 IQ; capital $500,000. Walter G. Falconer, president and
manager; John 6. Mays, secretary; John F. Clark, treasurer; Edward
B. Thistle, assistant secretary. In .^pril, 1921, the company was
licensed in the following states: California, Colorado, Connecticut,
District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana,
Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming. Home
office, 45 John Street, New York.
o
OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Los Ange-
les, Cal. Organized 1906; capital, $250,000. H. J. Burkhard, presi-
dent; J. F. Burkhard, vice-president; E. L. Blanchard, second vice-
president; Robert J. Giles, secretary and general manager; John W.
Vaughn, treasurer; Francis M. Hope, actuary; Benjamin E. Page,
counsel; W. W. Hitchcock, M.D., medical director; Dudley Fulton,
M. D. .assistant medical director; Pierce L. Davies, assistant secretary.
OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Albuquerque,
N. M. Organized 1907; cash capital, $140,000. A. B. McMillen,
president; George Roslington, vice-president and secretary; Walter
Koneman, assistant secretary and actuary; W. G. DorfF, superinten-
dent of agencies; R. A. Gibson, assistant secretary.
OCEAN ACCIDENT AND GUARANTEE CORPORATION,
THE, LTD., of London, England. New York Office, 114 Fifth Avenue,
New York, N. Y. Charles H. Neely, manager and attorney.
OFFICIAL CHANGES IN INSURANCE COMPANIES IN
192 1. The official changes in life, casualty, and miscellaneous com-
panies in 192 1 were as follows:
Bankers Life. Des Moines — B. N. Mills and Martin Row appointed assistant secre-
taries.
Columbia Life, Omaha, Neb. — H. C. Mason elected president; F. W. Arndt elected
secretary and treasurer; A. W. Mason, assistant secretary and J. H. Thomsen,
medical director. Home office moved from Fremont to Omaha.
Commonwealth Life, Omaha, Neb. — F. J. Enkling elected president and Charles
Whitefield, secretap'^.
Continental, Kansas City, Mo. — Bedford Berkshire elected president to succeed J. W.
Cooper, resigned. W. A. Rule elected vice-president to succeed J. M. Ingram.
Continental Life, Wilmington. Del. — Otley E. Sunpers appointed treasurer and assistant
secretary succeeding John D. Kurtz, deceased; Adolph A. Rydgren appointed
actuary and Lester A. Bosworth actuary of the research bureau.
Equitable Life Assurance Society, New York — Dr. John A. Stevenson appointed a
second v^ice-president.
Equitable Life, Iowa — H. S. Nollen elected president, succeeding F. M. Hubbell; F. C.
Hubbell elected vice-president.
Great Republic Life, Los Angeles, Cal. — A. Otis Birch, elected president, succeeding
E. C. Cooper, retired.
Great Southern Life, Dallas, Texas — E. P. Greenwood elected president, succeeding
O.S. Carlton.
International Life, St .Louis — Alfred L. Harty elected treasurer.
Inter Southern Life, Louisville. Ky. — Hanlcy Reed, elected secretary.
Iowa Life. Waterloo, la. — Charles Wright elected president to succeed J. E. Johnson,
he succeeded in turn H. A. Ferguson, resigned.
John Hancock Mutual Life — Walton L. Crocker elected president to succeed Roland O.
Lamb, deceased; Robert K. Eaton elected vice-president, John L. Wakefield
elected second vice-president, Fred E. Nason, elected third vice-president, Elbert
H. Brock elected fourth vice-president.
Lafayette Mutual Life, Lambertin, S. C. — Emanuel Barrick elected president; Charles
R. Adams, vice-president and I. Morten Adams, secretary.
Masonic Mutual, Washington D. C. — E. H. Burke elected vice-president.
364 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Metropolitan Life, New York — James V. Barry, appointed fourth vice-president;
Ernest H. Wilkes, appointed fourth vice-president; George Doyen appointed
superintendent of agencies succeeding H. H. Kay. John R. Hegeman resigned as
assistant secretary.
Midland Life, Kansas City, Mo. — ^Walter J. Bates elected vice-president.
Missouri State Life — John J. Crowley, elected vice-president in charge of accident and
health insurance department.
Mutual Life, Chicago, 111. — James S. Fairlie appointed vice-president and actuary.
New England Mutual Life—Charles H. Flood and Dwight Foster elected assistant
secretaries.
Niagara Life, Buffalo, N. Y. — ^W. C. Dixon elected president succeeding E. N. Burke,
resigned, Victor Birlin and J. F. Warner, elected vice-presidents.
Old Colony Life, Chicago — Joseph McCauley elected president; R. C. Van Dyke, vice-
president and secretary.
Old Line Life, Milwaukee — F. X. Boddin. elected first vice-president, and Thomas H.
Rice, second vice-presidents.
Penn. Mutual Life, Philadelphia — Sydney A. Smith, elected secretary; Paul Alexander
treasurer.
Philadelphia Life — Clifford Maloney elected president to succeed Andrew J. Maloney,
deceased.
Prairie Life, Omaha, Neb. — H. L. McGrew elected secretary to succeed E. A. Johnson.
Re-insurance Life, Des Moines — M. R. Nelson, resigned as vice-president, and ap-
pointed agency manager of the Preferred Risk Life insurance company, Des Moines
R. M. Malpas elected secretary to succeed F. D. Harsh, resigned.
Southern Life and Trust, Greensboro, N. C. — H. B. Gunter, elected vice-president to
succeed R. J. Mebane.
Standard Life, Pittsburg, Pa., J. D. Van Scoten, appointed superintendent of agendes.
Union Central Life, Cincinnati, Ohio — John D. Sage elected president, to succeed
Jesse R. Clark, deceased. Allan Waters, elected vice-president and chairman
of the Board of directors; George L. Williams elected vice-president; R. Fred
Rust, secretary; Jesse R. Clark, Jr., treasurer; Charles Hommeyer, appointed
superintendent of agents and Philip J. Clark, assistant superintendent of agents.
United Fidelity Life, Dallas, Texas— M. H. Wolfe, elected president to succeed D. E.
Waggoner, who became chairman of the board of directors; H. L Gahagan elected
vice-president.
CASUALTY AND MISCELLANEOUS
Columbia Casualty — B. L. Dowell. appointed manager of the Pacific Coast department.
to succeed Charles J. Hoi man.
Continental Casualty, Chicago, 111. — ^W H. Betts, formerly secretary, elected vice-
president; Martin P. Cornelius elected vice-president; E. G. Timroe, elected
secretary and assistant treasurer, D. W. Fall and F. I. Hooper, elected assistant
secretaries.
Detroit Bonding and Mortgage Guarantee Company, Detroit, Mich. — ^Homer H.
McKee, elected vice-president and director.
Hartford Steam Boiler — W. R. C. Corson elected vice-president and treasurer; L. F.
Middlebrook elected secretary.
Indemnity Company of America, St. Louis, Mo. — E. V. Mitchell, vice-president and
general manager.
Kansas Central Indemnity, Hutchinson, Kansas — J. D. Sackett, resigned as vice-
president and general manager.
Lumber Mutual Casualty Company. New York — Rufus C. Sisson and T. A. Mahlstedt
elected vice-presidents and Thomas H. Silver manager; Eugene F. Perry, resigned
as vice-president and manager.
Maryland Casualty, Baltimore — Eugene F. Hord, elected vice-president.
National Surety, New York — John L. Mee. F. M. Hugo, Luther E. Mackall and
William Hugh Harris, appointed vice-presidents.
New Amsterdam Casualty, New York — W. L. Langford and Boyd Nelson elected
secretaries.
New York Plate Glass, New York. N. Y. — J. C. French, elected president; James K.
Clarke elected assistant secretary.
Union Indemnity. New Orleans. La. — C. Clark Howard resigned as vice-president and
agency director; T. H. Darling resigned as resident treasurer in New York.
&lward Cory and H. E. Weisenborn elected vice-presidents.
United States Casualty. New York — Earl C. Hunt appointed third assistant secretary.
Zurich — Arthur H. Collins appointed United States manager; John A. Diemond
assistant manager.
Life and Casualty Section 365
OHIO CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Hamilton. Ohio.
Organized 1920; capital $200,000. B. D. Lecklider, president; How-
ard Slonecker, secretary.
OHIO. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. 1867-1922. By acU
approved April 15. 1867, the auditor of state in Ohio was charged
with insurance supervision. March 12, 1872. an act was passed estab-
lishing a state insurance department under a superintendent of insur-
ance, to be appointed by the governor for a term of three years. [See
Cyclopedia for 1913-14 for list of former officials.]
William H. Tomlinson, appointed in 19 17, resigned in 1920 and
was succeeded by Robert T. Crew. Bert W. Gearhart is the present
superintendent appointed in 1921.
OHIO NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cincin-
nati, Ohio. Organized 1909; capital, $447,210. Albert Bettinger,
president; J. T. Hatfield and A. H. Heisey, vice-presidents; T.^.
Appleby, secretary and agency manager; E. M. Willmes, acting
treasurer; Walter Schmitt, general counsel; S. J. Blashill, assistant
secretary; Geo. W. Brown, medical director.
OHIO STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Columbus,
Ohio. Orranized 1906; capital, $225,000. John M. Siarver, presi-
dent; U. §. Brandt, vice-president and counsel; Irving Drew, second
vice-president; Joel C. Clore, third vice-president; Joseph K. Bye,
secretary and treasurer; C. E. Schilling, M. D., and T. W. Rankin,
M. D., medical directors.
Oklahoma; insurance supervision in, 1890-1922.
Under the territorial law the secretary of the territory is ex officio
commissioner of insurance. The law authorizing the department
went into effect December 24, 1890. The headquarters are at Guthrie.
A. L. Welch resigned in 192 1 and the present commissioner is E. A.
Hardin.
OKLAHOMA LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION was
oreanized in 1909, with the following officers: President, J. Henry
Johnson, National Life of Vermont; vice-president, O. F. Wilson,
iEtna; secretary, Fred H. McClesky, Pruaential; treasurer, J. O.
Mattison, Mutual Benefit. The officers elected at the annual meeting
held in January, 1922, are: Marmaduke Corbyn, president; Edward
A. Braniff, vice-president; J. A. Driskell, Colcord Bldg. Oklahoma
City, secretary; Charles F. Linder, treasurer.
OKLAHOMA LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Okla-
homa City, Okla. Organized 191 7; capital, paid in, $55,000. The
company is in process of liquidation.
OLD COLONY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago,
111. Organized 1^7; capital, $126,552. B. R. Nueske, president;
A. W. ^thbun, vice-president; Joseph McGauley, vice-president and
treasurer; R. C. Van Dyke, vice-president and secretary.
366 Cyclopedia of Insurance
OLD LINE INSURANCE COMPANY, 204 South irth Street.
Lincoln, Neb. Organized 1913; capital, paid-in, $200,000. John G.
Maher, president; R. H. Fali, vice-president; E. P. Martin, assistant
secretary; D. W. Killeen, treasurer; Blake Maher, superintendent of
agencies; H. S. Wiggins, actuary.
OLD LINE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE, Milwaukee,
Wis. Organized 1910; cash capital, $672,635. Rupert F. Fr>', presi-
dent; F. X. Bodden, vice-president; T. H. Rice, vice-president;
John E. Reilly, secretary and treasurer; F. J. Tharinger, assistant
secretary; L. C. Cortright, actuary and assistant secretary; F. B.
Golley, medical director; Lawrence A. Olwell, general counsel.
OMAHA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Neb. E. M.
Searle, Jr., president; W. E. McCandless and John R. W^ertz, vice-
presidents; H. E. Worrell, secretary and treasurer.
OREGON, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. 1887-1922. The
secretary of state in Oregon was ex-ofHcio insurance commissioner
under the legislative act of 1887. The legislature in 1909 created a
separate insurance department. The insurance commissioner is ap-
pointed by the governor for a term of four years at a salary of $3,000
per annum. Harvey Wells was appointed in 191 5 and reappointed in
19 1 7, and the present commissioner is A. C. Barber appointed in 1919
OREGON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Portland, Ore.
Organized 1906; guarantee fund, $100,000. A. L. Mills, president:
Adolphe Wolfe, first vice-president; Louis G. Clarke, second vice-presi-
dent; Wm. Pollman, third vice-president; C. S. Samuel, general man-
ager; E. N. Strong, assistant manager; Sanford Smith, secretary;
C. F. Adams, treasurer; Raymond R. Brown, actuary'.
OREGON SURETY AND CASUALTY COMPANY, Portland,
Ore. Organized 1910; capital, $100,000. O. M. Clark, president;
R. W. Wilbur, vice-president; A. M. Smith, H. A. Whitney and H. B.
Beckett, vice-presidents; L. M. Koon, secretary and treasurer.
OUR HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Jacksonville,
Fla. Organized 19 10; cash capital, $96,537; authorized. $200,000.
C. R. Allen, president; J. A. McLaurin, vice-president; R, S. Hall,
second vice-president; F. C. Burnham, third vice-president and secre-
tary; G. W. Rhodes, fourth vice-president: W. H. Milton, treasurer;
H. L. Bethel, superintendent of agents; H. F. Palmer, medical director.
p
PACIFIC MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CAL-
IFORNIA THE, Los Angeles, Cal. Organized 1868; capital, $1,200,-
000. George I. Cochran, president; Lee A. Phillips, vice-president and
treasurer; Danford M. Baker, vice-president and superintendent of
agencies; W. H. Davis, vice-president and general counsel; Rich J.
Mier, vice-president, accident department; W. W. Beckett, vice-
president and medical director; C. I. D. Moore, vice-president and
superintendent of agencies; S. F. McClung, secretary; Alfred G. Hann,
actuary; Claude A. Wayne, assistant actuary.
PAN-AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, New Or-
leans, La. Organized 19 12; capital, paid-up, $1,000,000. Craw-
ford H. Ellis, president; E. G. Simmons, vice-president and general
manager; Dr. Marion Souchen, vice-president and medical director;
Eugene J. McGivney, vice-president and general counsel; A. Dumser
and W. B. Thompson, vice-presidents; James E. Woodward, secretary;
S. E. Allison, actuary; F. W. Gleason, treasurer; R. O. Davidson
manager Accident and Health Department; C. D. Corey, superin-
tendent of agents; Franz Hindermann, Jr., assistant treasurer; Fisher
E. Simmons, assistant secretary; A. B. Westerfield, assistant actuary;
J. E. Davis, auditor.
PARTICIPATING — NON-PARTICIPATING. These two
terms are employed in life insurance to differentiate policy contracts, the
amount of the premium loadings on which are unlike. That is the
fundamental difference and all others grow out of it. Given two com-
panies calculating reserves on the same interest basis, the one issuing
particii>ating and the other non-participating policies, the net premiums
will be identical on the same policy forms; but the loading on the
I>articipating policy will be greater than that on the non-participating
and, as a result, the gross premium for the latter will be less than
that fixed for the former. Under the participating contract the holder
will have returned to him at stated periods, generally once a year,
such proportion of the aggregate savings made by the company on
mortality and expenses and gains in interest as may be justified by
exjjerience during that time, thus reducing the expense to what is
termed the net cost; while under the non-participating contract there
is no such provision, the amount of the gross premium charged being
also the net cost. As may be seen, the participating is a mutual pol-
icy and the non-participating is not, such margin of gains as may
accrue from the latter going into the general surplus fund of the com-
pany. At one time it was common for purely mutual companies to
issue both kinds of contracts, such gains as were made on non-partici-
pating policies being credited tt> the participating class, but this cus-
tom is now very properly, generally discontinued, the mutuals confin-
368 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ing themselves strictly to the transaction of a participating business.
Under the laws of the more important life insurance states the same
company mav not transact the two classes of business. As stated at
the outset, the net premium of both forms being identical, it follows
that the terminal reserves are the same. The bulk of the non-partia-
pating business in this country is transacted by proprietary or stock
companies, and the premiums on them are customarily referred to by
agents and solicitors as " stock rates."
PATRONS MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Moorestown,
N. J. Organized 1905. Charles D. Barton, president; Emmor Roberts,
secretary.
PEERLESS CASUALTY COMPANY, Keene, N. H.
1903; capiul, $100,000. W. G. Perry, president; W. F. Perry, sec-
retary and treasurer; Richard C. Carrick, vice-president and agency
director; Merrick S. Tibbets, assistant secretary; John D. Proctor,
medical director.
PENINSULAR CASUALTY COMPANY, Grand Rapids. Mich.
(See Northern Indemnity Corporation.)
PENN. MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Philadel-
phia. Pa. Organized 1847. William A. Law. president; Lincoln
K. Passmore, vice-president; William H. Kingsley. second vice-presi-
dent; John W. Hamer. third vice-president; Sydney A. Smith, secre-
tary; Paul Alexander, treasurer; J. Burnett Gibb. actuary; Henry C.
Lippincott. manager of agencies; Charles A. Wood, assistant secretary:
Thomas S. Snow.den. assistant treasurer; George R. White, assistant
actuary; Oliver W. Perrin, assistant actuary; Charles F. Shandrew,
comptroller; Frederic H. Garrigues. mathematician; Harry Toulmin,
M.D.. medical director; James P. Hutchinson, M.D.. assistant medical
director; George Wharton Pepper. Esq.. general counsel; Howard
Cooper Johnson, associate counsel.
PENNSYLVANIA. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1873-
1922. The insurance department of Pennsylvania was created by
act of April 4. 1873. ^he commissioner is appointed by the governor
for a term of four years, under an act of 191 1, and the salary is $7>5C|0.
[See Cyclopedia for 1913-14.) Charles Johnson resigned as commis-
sioner in April. IQ16. and J. Denny O'Neil was appointed his suc-
cessor, but also resigned in 1918, and Charles A. Ambler was appointed
commissioner. Thomas B. Donaldson is the present commissioner
appointed in 19 19.
PENNSYLVANIA MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION CAS-
UALTY INSURANCE COMPANY. 2005 Finance Building. Phila-
delphia. Pa. Organized 191 5; capital, paid-in. $250,000. Joseph R-
Grundy, president: W. W. Finn, secretary.
Life and Casualty Section 369
PENNSYLVANIA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Philadelphia, Pa. Chartered 1870. Officers: John J. Coyle, president;
Frank J. McSorley and Charles M. Town, vice-presidents; John
O'Keefe, treasurer; E. J. Moore, medical director; George A. Huggins,
actuary.
PENNSYLVANIA SURETY COMPANY, Harrisburg Pa.
organized 1905; capital, paid up, $400,000. Edward Bailey, presi-
dent; G. W. Reily, vice-president; A. Fortenbaugh, vice-president;
J. R. Henry, secretary and treasurer and general manager; L. L. Nickey,
assistant secretary.
PEOPLE'S LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF ILLINOIS,
Chicago, 111. Organized 1908; cash capital, $101,737. £• A. Nelson,
president; Gustave Kopp, vice-president; G. L. Lutterloh, secretary
and treasurer; C. Dietz Nelson, assistant secretary and treasurer;
R. H. Carr, medical director; Marcus Gunn, actuary; W. H. Eckert,
general counsel.
PEOPLE'S LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Frankfort, Ind.
Organized in 1 906 as an assessment company, reincorporated in ipio
as a legal reserve company; capital, iioo,ooo. Andrew A. Laird,
president; John C. Shanklin, vice-president; E. O. Burget, secretary
and general manager; Jos. G. Phipps, assistant secretary; Hez M.
Cohee, treasurer; Milton T. McCarty, medical director; Wm. A.
Irwin, superintendent of agents; Thos. M. Ryan, general counsel.
PEOPLE'S LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Baltimore.
\ld. Organized as the People's Mutual Aid Society; reincorporated
as a legal reserve company in 19 16; capital, $25,000. Riley A. Miller,
president; C. M. Turner and Emma M. Miller, vice-presidents;
George M. Steffey, secretary; John G. Scherbel, assistant secretary;
Reubin Gladfelter, treasurer.
PEORIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Peoria, 111. Organ-
ized 1908; capital, $200,000. Emmet C. May, president; J. H. Hun-
gate, vice-president; G. B. Pattison, secretary and actuary; Henry
Loucks, superintendent of agents; E. N. Woodruff, treasurer; Dr.
George Parker, medical director; Dr. F. A. Causey, associate medical
director.
PHILADELPHIA ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS
was organized in December, 1887, William H. Lambert being the
first president. The following officers were elected at the annual meeting
in May, 1922: President, Joseph C. Staples, Pacific Mutual Life;
vice-presidents, James M. Dickey, Mutual Life, New York; F. G.
VVoolworth, John Hancock Mutual; William J. Amos, Penn Mutual
Life; secretary, Neils Olsen, John Hancock Mutual; financial secre-
tary; James V. Harrington, Metropolitan Life; treasurer, Frederick
Garrigues, Penn Mutual Life.
370 Cyclopedia of Insurance
PHILADELPHIA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Philadel-
phia, Pa. Organized 1906; capital paid in, $560,320. Clifton.
Maloney, president; Jackson Maloney, vice-president; Frank G.
Combes, secretary and treasurer; Ernest M. Blehl, actuary'; Samuel
W. Gadd, medical director; Theodore C. Knapp, assistant treasurer;
A. M. Hopkins, manager of agents, iii North Broad Street.
PHOENIX INDEMNITY COMPANY, 75 Maiden Lane. New
York, N. Y. Organized 1921 ; cash capital $500,000. VV. G. Falconer,
president; J, G. Mays, secretary; E. B. Thistle and H. P. Jackson,
assistant secretaries; J. F. Clark, treasurer.
PHCENIX MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY of Hart-
ford, Conn., was chartered originally by the Connecticut Legislature
in Slay, 1851, as the American Temperance Life Insurance Com-
pany. In 1 86 1 the name of the company was changed to its present
title. The company has a prosperous record and its growth in the
last twenty-five years has been particularly marked. Its assets (and
insurance in force) have doubled in the last ten years.
The assets of the company now amount to $62,687,601. The gross,
rate of interest earned during 19 19 without deduction for taxes or
investment expenses, was 5.51 per cent. The policy of the comptany
for many years, to invest the larger part of its loanable funds in farm
mortgages, has met with results which have been exceedingly satis-
factory, no loss of principal or interest having been suffered through
these investments.
At the close of last year, after providing for all ascertained and com-
puted liabilities, there was an excess of assets of $4,420,662. Some-
thing over two million dollars of this sum was apportioned for divi-
dends available in 1922 and accrued taxes not yet due, and the balance of
over $2,335,882 was scientifically divided into four funds — mortal-
ity fluctuation fund, disability and double indemnity fluctuation fund,
investment fluctuation fund, and the general equalization fund —
which are designed to act as a balance wheel in the fluctuation from
year to year and to insure the continuance of the present schedule
of dividends. The officers of the company are: John M. Holcombe,
president; Archibald A. Welch, vice-president; Silas H. Cornwell,
vice-president; Winslow Russell, vice-president and agency mana-
ger, all of whom are directors, and Harry E. Johnson, secretary:
Russell L. Jones, Howard Goodwin, Charles E. Johnston, Albert
H. Yost, assistant secretaries; H. N. Kaufman, actuary. The other
directors are: James P. Andrews, Frank Cheney, Jr., Louis R. Cheney,
Atwood Collins, Joseph R. Ensign, Charles E. Gross, Arthur M. Col-
lens. Henry A. Perkins, George A. Stevenson, George D. Pratt, Frank
L. Wilcox,
The company issues all the regular forms of life insurance and
annuities, and its contracts are exceedingly liberal and fair. It has
been said that they offer the largest measure of known ser\^ce to meet
the unknown needs of the future.
Life and Casualty Section
371
PIONEER INSURANCE COMPANY. Lincoln, Neb. Organ-
ized as a mutual 1899; reorganized as stock in 1912; capital, paid-in,
$40,000. Ernest C. Folsom, president; James F. Kinney, vice-president;
J. S. Dickman, secretary and treasurer.
PITTSBURG LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION was
organized March 2, 1886. The president and secretary for 1899-
1900 were: William S. Stimmel, president; W. M. Wood, secretaiy.
The present officers who were elected at the annual meeting held in
January, 1921, are: President, Frank C. Pierson, Prudential; vice-
president, J. H. Immel, Metropolitan Life; second vice-president,
S. T. Whatley, Reliance Life; treasurer, Leo E. Wilt, Fidelity Mutual;
secretary, Walter J. Reid, Columbian National.
PLATE GLASS INSURANCE BUSINESS. The
following
is a statement of the transactions in plate glass insurance in
1921:
Net
Net
Companies Premiums
Losses
Written
Paid
Aetna Casualty and Surety $871,728
$295,019
American Casualty ...
.
151.965
56,234
American Indemnity
Columbia Casualty
91,913
16.697
Commercial Casualty
365,809
69,288
Continental. Chicago
243.478
66.084
Employers Indemnity, Mo. .
160,025
73,003
Employers' Liability ...
391.851
156.602
Federal Surety .... .
18.390
1,546
Fidelity & Casualty ...
1,060,591
329,135
GeneraJ Casualty & Surety
93,888
19,977
Georgia Casualty ....
411.926
113,746
Globe Indemnity ....
732.863
193.339
Hartford Accident
513,020
138,512
Indemnity Ins. Co.. North America
136.884
15,589
Interstate Casualty
79,607
19,511
Interstate Surety
8,891
5,683
Kansas Casualty
41,182
12.055
Lloyds Plate Glass .
1,145,719
384,637
London & Lancashire ....
100,883
44,144
Maryland Casualty
916,936
496.246
Massachusetts Bonding .
. 555,561
204,735
Metropolitan Casualty .
1,378.083
383,722
Mutual Plate Glass, Conn. .
28,861
10,511
New Amsterdam Casualty
642.687
960,937
284.330
New Jersey Fidelity
273.591
Xcw York Pl^te Glass .
1,400,365
638.767
Norwich Union Indemnity
147.740
27,077
Ocean Accident ....
477,357
159.939
Oreson Surety
3,775
955
Republic Casualty .
185.602
50.776
Royal Indemnity
462,800
154,759
Southern Surety
218,555
61,999
Standard Accident .
1,069,377
660.071
Travelers Indemnity
809,220
330,306
Union Indemnity
305,292
117,288
United States Casualty
266,581
85.366
United States Fidelity
901,623
316.497
United States Plate Glass
45.557
30,804
Total 1921
. $17,197,522
$6,178,440
Total, 1920
17.401,189
8.511,834
Total, 1919
9,183,680
4,157,404
Total, X918
• ■
V
7,627,388
3,596,855
372 Cyclopedia of Insurance
PLATE GLASS INSURANCE EXCHANGE OF NEW YORK.
Organized in February, 1915* following the disbandment of the Plate
Glass Underwriters Association. The present officers, elected in Feb-
ruary, 1922, are: Chairman, F. S. Garrison, Travelers Indemnity;
vice-chairman John A. Kenny; secretary and treasurer, Charles E.
W. Chambers, Lloyds Plate Glass; W. F. Moore, manager.
POLICY FORMS AND LAWS. Under thb heading wOl be found
a brief history of the legislation respecting policv forms for both life
and accident .companies, and a brief summary of policy forms in use
by the principal lite insurance companies.
The New York legislature in 1^06 enacted legislation prescribing
standard forms of life insurance policies, the act taking effect January
I, 1907, but this act was amended by the legislature of that year,
and the legislature of 1909 practically repealed the law providing for
specified standard forms. The act of 1909 provided that all policies issued
in the state, whether by domestic or foreign companies, uiould contain
certain sf>ecified standard provisions. The amendments of IQ09 fur-
ther provided that no policv shall be issued or delivered in tne state
until the form has been fileci with and approved by the superintendent
of insurance. Legislation prescribing standard forms was enacted by
the legislatures of Minnesota and North Dakota in 1907. The forms
prescnbed were ordinary and limited payment life, endowment, and
term policies and annuities.
In Colorado, Illinois, Tennessee, Massachusetts, Michigan, and
New Jersey, legidation was enacted in loo? prescribing standard pro-
visions, and Ohio in 1908, enacted legislation prescribmg six forms of
standard policies, and also prescribing standard provisions, and legis-
lation prescribing standard policy provisions was enacted in Oklahoma.
Texas and New Mexico and South Dakota enacted lenslation pre-
scribing standard provisions and also standard forms. The standard
forms provided in South Dakota were: Ordinary and limited payment
life; endowment,' term and renewable term, and fixed survivorship
annuity on the ordinary life, limited payment life and endowment forms.
Illinois passed a law in 1909 amending section 6 of the laws of 1907
and providing that the act should not apply to annuities, industrial
policies, or to assessment or fraternal associations. Laws are there-
fore in force in the following states prescribing standard forms or stand-
ard provisions: Indiana, Wisconsin, Utah, New York, MinnesotSi
North Dakota, Colorado, Illinois, Tennessee, Massachusetts, Michi-
gan, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, South Dakota,
Idaho, California, Pennsylvania, Washington, Arizona, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia,
Georgia, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Ver-
mont, West Virginia. In addition the laws of Iowa, Nebraska and
North Carolina require that no form of policy may be issued in the
state until approved by the insurance commissioner, and the require-
ment is also contained in the laws of the states prescribing standard
provisions.
Life and Casualty Section 373
The laws provide that forms of policies must be approved by
the insurance commissioner, and the prescribed provisions, while
phrased differently, are practically the same, and include provisions
that the premium shall be paid in advance, that the policy shall con-
stitute the entire contract and be incontestable (after a specified time,
not longer than two years) except for non*pa^ment of premiums, or vio-
lation of the policy conditions rejecting military or naval service, and
that if the age of the insured has been understated, the amount payable
under the policy shall be such as the premium would have purchased
at the correct age.
A provision for grace in payment of premium is required, also
asainst forfeiture, and for loans and extended insurance, and tables
of loan, and surrender values, as well as a table of installments on
which the policy may provide its proceeds may be payable, are required
to be printed in the policy.
A provision providing for reinstatement after three years and
a provision a^inst forfeiture for non-payment of premium after three
annual premiums have been paid, under which there '* shall secure to
the policyholder a stipulated form of insurance," are also required.
The law prescribing standard provisions for life policies also
contains certain prohibitions, and makes it unlawful to issue a policy
containing a provision for the forfeiture of the policy for failure to
repay loans, or interest thereon, or a provision by which the policy
shall purport to take effect more than one year before the original
application was made.
^TNA Life Insurance Company. The company issues all
desirable forms of policies, both participating and non-participating.
The policies are incontestable after one year, except for non-payment
of premium, and contain no conditions as to residence, travel or oc-
cupation. Suicide within one year, whether sane or insane, renders
the policy null and void. Thirty-one days' grace in the payment of
premiums is granted.
If the policy has not been surrendered to the company it may
be reinstated within five years after default in payment of premium
upon evidence of insurability satisfactory to the company.
Loans are granted after three full annual premiums have been
paid, subject to an interest charge of six per cent per annum. If a
request for the automatic premium loan privilege has been signed by
the insured and assignee, it any, and is endorsed on the policy by the
company, the amount of any premium not paid in cash when due or
within the days of grace will, without further action by the owners, be
loaned by the company in payment of such premium and charged as an
indebtedness secured by this policy, subject to interest at the rate of
six per cent per annum as above described for loans, provided that the
net loan value as above described is sufficient to pay the premium and
interest then due. Failure to pay any loan or interest due thereon will
void the policy when the total indebtedness shall equal or exceed the
loan value at the time of such failure.
374 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The policies are non-forfeitable after three years' full premiums have
been paid, and the non-forfeitine value under non-participating policies
is the reserve "according to the American Experience Table of Mortality
and three and one-half per cent interest, less a charge of not more than
two and one-half per cent of the sum insured (which charge will gradu-
ally decrease and after the fourteenth policy jrear will in no case exceed
one-twentieth of one per cent of the said sum insured) and less also any
indebtedness to the Company secured by this policy.** The above
value will be applied, without action by the owner, in event of default
in premium payments to extend the policy as paid-up term insurance,
without right to loans for the sum insured. If requested by the life
beneficiary, and assignee, if any, and if policy is surrendered to the
Company within the first two months of such extended term insurance,
said value will be applied to the purchase of a paid-up policy payable at
the death of the insured. The period of term insurance or the amount of
paid-up policy will be such as said value will purchase used as a net
single premium at the attained age of the insured calculated by said
table of mortality and rate of interest. The extended term insurance or
the paid-up policy above provided will be entitled to a cash surrender
value of the entire reserve existing thereon at the time of surrender
according to said table of mortality and rate of interest, and the paid-up
policy will be entitled to a loan equal to its cash value upon the condi-
tions herein prescribed for a loan under the policy. Cash values are
also provided in lieu of the above two features, and a table of cash
values is printed in the policy. Optional modes of settlement are stated
in the policy, and the proceeds may be left with the company at interest,
paid in a limited number of installments, or for fixed period and there-
after for life. Installment values are printed in the policy.
For an additional premium the company grants disability bene-
fits, and also a double indemnity provision, which, however, may be
annulled and the premium reduced at the request of the insured. The
disability feature is as follows:
If the insured becomes wholly, continuously and permanently disabled and
will for life be unable to perform any work or conduct any business for compensation
or profit, or has met with the irrecoverable loss of the entire sight of both eyes, or the
total and permanent loss by removal or disease of the use of both hands or of both
feet, or of such loss of one hand and one foot, and satisfactory evidence of such dis-
ability is received at the Home Office of the Company, the Company will, upon the
acceptance of such proof, if all premiums previously due have been paid, waive the
payment of all premiums falling due thereafter during such disability; and if tnch
disability existed before the insured attained the age of sixty years, the Company
will immediately pay to the life beneficiary the sum of ten dollars for each thousand
dollars of the sum insured and will pay the same sum on the same day of every month
thereafter during the lifetime and during such disability of the insured.
Any premium waived or monthly payment made by the Company on account
of this provision will not be deducted from any settlement under this policy, and the
sum insured and loan and cash surrender value will be for the same aipount as if the
premiums waived had been paid in cash.
The foregoing benefits for disability are conditioned upon the representatives
of the Company being permitted to examine the insured before the acceptance of proof
and during twelve months thereafter.
If the insured recovers from the permanent total disability above described,
the benefits herein provided will immediately cease and the policy will continue ^^^
disability had been incurred if the premiums falling due after such recovery are paid
when due.
Life and Casualty Section 375
The double indemnity provision is as follows:
If the death of the insured occurs before the first anniversary of the date of this
policy which follows the age of seventy years, and before a payment under the per-
manent total disability provision, if any, has been made or benefit thereunder allowed,
all premiums previously due having be2n paid, and such death results directly and
independently of all other causes from bodily injuries effected solely through external,
violent and accidental means within ninety days from the occurrence of such accident,
and if such accident is evidenced by a visible contusion or wound on the exterior ot
the body (except in case of drowning and internal injuries revealed by an autopsy),
and if such death does not result from suicide, while sane or insane, nor from military
or naval service in time of war. nor from an aeronautic flight or submarine descent
nor directly or indirectly from disease in any form, then the Company will pay a sum
equal to the sum described in this policy as the sum insured in addition thereto.
NOTE: The disability feature is not generally granted to women,
but in some cases will be granted to unmarried self-supporting women
who have reached the age of thirty years, nor is it granted to those in
military or naval service, or to those who contemplate such service, nor
to those engaged in other hazardous occupations, nor to those who are
already partially disabled.
Atlantic Life Insurance Company, Richmond, Va. The forms
issued by the company are life, limited payment life, and endowment,
and special forms are monthly income policies, and what the company
calls its economic policy as well as an endowment policy on the partici-
pating plan which matures at age 65, with premiums during the entire
period of insurance or twenty annual premiums. The regular forms are
participating after the first year, and the dividends may be drawn in
cash, used to pay premiums, or to purchase additional participating
insurance or left with the company to accumulate at interest. The
policies are incontestable after one year, free from restrictions as to
residence, travel and occupation, except military and naval service in
time of war, within five years from date thereof, provide for change of
beneficiary, are automatically non-forfeitable, and cash, surrender and
loan values are provided in policies. The full cash value is available as a
loan, and deposit of policy as security is not required, but the loan
is indicated by endorsement on the policy. The policies may be rein-
stated at any time within ten years on evidence of insurability, satis-
factory to the company, and one form may be exchanged for another
higher priced form without re-examination and by payment with
interest on the difference in the premiums on the old policy and that
required under the new, or the difference in reserve if that is greater. A
waiver of premium clause in case of permanent total disability or pay-
ment of policy in 120 monthly installments in lieu thereof is also incor-
porated in the regular forms. The Company also issues policies, which
in case of total disability waive the premiums thereon and in addition
thereto pay monthly income during the entire period of disability equal
to $10 for each $1000 of insurance in force. The Company also issues
non-participating policies containing Disability Benefits similar to those
herein referred to. The surrender value to begin at the end of the
third year and the policies are incontestable after the first year, free
from restrictions as to residence, travel and occupation, except military
and naval service in time of war within five years from the date thereof.
I
376 Cyclopedia of Insurance
The Company also writes Double Indemnity Benefits providing for the
payment of an additional amount in the event of death by accident
equal to the face of the policy.
Berkshire Life Insurance Coiipany. The company issued a
new series of policy forms in 19 17. The new forms are free from
restrictions as to travel, residence and occupation, and provide for
change from one plan to any other with a higher premium, together
with right to change beneficiary if reserved in application. Thirty-
one days' grace in payment of all premiums after the firstly without
interest are allowed, and provision is made for equitable adjustment
in case of misstatement of age. Definite cash loans upon proper as-
signment of the policy; definite extended participating insurance for
fiul value of policy, and definite cash value any year after the second,
are provided, and definite paid-up insurance, automatically secured by
law, which i>articipates in the surplus, and may be surrendered any year
thereafter for cash, as also provided and written in the policy. Settle-
ment of claims may be made in one payment or under the following op-
tional modes: $212.00 per thousand per year for 5 years, or, $113.82
per thousand f>er year for 10 years, or, $81.33 per thousand per year
for 15 years, or, $65.26 per thousand per year for 20 years, or, $55.76
er thousand per year for 25 years, or, $49.53 per thousand per year
or 30 years, or in annual installments continuous during the lifetime of
the beneficiary (20 certain).
Under either of the foregoing options, annual installments may be
taken in equivalent semi-annual, quarterly, or monthly payments.
The equivalent of each $100 of annual installments is $50.40 paid semi-
annually; $25.30 paid quarterly; or $8.45 paid monthly.
All policies participate in surplus, payable at the end of the first
year anci every year thereafter, which may be taken in cash; applied
m reduction of premium; used to increase the insurance with right to
surrender for cash; or left with the Company to accumulate at interest.
The Company issues provisions for total and permanent disability
benefits, providing for payment of an annuity of $10. per month per
$1000. insurance and waiver of premiums in event of total and perma-
nent disability before age 60. If disability occurs after age 60, premiums
accumulate as indebtedness against the policy without interest.
Columbian National Life Insurance Company, The, Boston,
Mass. This company issues all the leading forms of policies on a
non-participating basis; among them, whole life, limited payment
life, endowment, twenty installment and continuous installment, non-
commutable by the beneficiary, convertible and renewable term, and
premium reduction contracts. Policies are incontestable after one year,
except for non-payment of premium, and subject in case of misstate-
ment of age to adjustment proportionate to the true age. Free from all
conditions as to residence and travel. Death within one year from
date of policy from aviation, aeronautical ascensions or while engaged
in military or naval service shall reduce the Company's liability to
the reserve accumulated. Cash, loan and surrender values are granted
after three annual premiums have been paid, and the policy may
Life and Casualty Section 377
be reinstated at any time upon satisfactory proof of insurability
and payment of all overdue premiums with interest. The loan and
surrender values are printed in the policy. Thirty-one days of grace
in payment of premiums are granted; the beneficiary may be changed,
if there be no assignment of the policy, on written notice, and the
following clause is included, "Self-destruction during the first policy
year, whether the insured be sane or insane, is a risk not assumed
by the Company; in such case only the net reserve on the policy
will be paid." It conducts an Accident and Health Department,
and grants the Permanent Total Disability Clause and combination
Life, Accident and Health policies.
Equitable Life Insurance Company of Iowa, Des Moines,
la. The company issues a most complete line of policies on both
participating and non-participating forms. Since January i, 19 15,
It has issuea a new series of Annuity Contracts on the Immediate, De-
ferred and Reversionary plans. It also issues a Term to Age 65 Pol-
icy which provides for paid-up insurance, and extended insurance
values.
Other new forms, issued since that date are the 25- and 30-payment
life plans. Endowments maturing at ages 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85, con-
tinuous Monthly Income policies calling for the payment of install-
ments for ten or twenty years certain and Income Endowment Policy
at Age 65. AH forms are incontestable after one year, except for non-
payment of premium but engaging in submarine operations and
aerial ascensions are risks not assumed during the first policy year,
and liability of the company is limited to the amount of premiums
paid if insured commits suicide within one year from date of policy,
whether sane or insane. Thirty-one days' grace is granted in pay-
ment of any premium after the first, and dividends are paid upon the
payment of the second annual premium and annually thereafter, and
may be applied at the option of the owner under options stated in the
policy. New policies were issued in March, 1919, containing provisions
tor waiving of the premium and payment of a monthly income of one-
per cent of the face of the policy in case of total and permanent disability
of the insured before age 60, and for the payment of double the face
of the policy in case of accidental death. Tables of installment values
under optional modes of settlement and also of non-forfeiture loan and
surrender values are printed in the policies.
Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company, The, issues all
approved forms of life and endowment insurance and sells annuities.
Expenses limited and surplus distributed annually in accordance with
provisions of the New York law. Policies non-forfeitable with lib-
eral cash, loan, paid-up, and extended insurance values. Originator
of the disability provision in modern life insurance, also of the double
benefit feature in event of accidental death, and of a policy providing
protection for the insured's dependents and a life income for his own
old age.
This policy may mature at ages from fifty to seventy-five as
selected by the insured. On maturity the insured may take the amount
378 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in cash or may select a life income to continue so long as he may live,
with at least the face amount certain, or upon evidence of insur-
ability, may take a paid-up life policy for the face amount and a cer-
tain sum in cash. In the event of the death of the insured before the
policy matures the face amount is payable to the benef«ciary, who
may take a lump sum, or a fixed number of annual installments or a
monthly income for life.
The Company grants a premium waiver with disability benefits,
under which, if the permanent disability occurs before age sixty, a
disability income of $10.00 per month for each $1000.00 insured is
paid until the maturity date. In the case of instalment and Life Income
policies, the disability annuity provides the same amount of annual
income as is otherwise provided after maturity. Such premium waiver
and annuity payment will not decrease the face amount due at maturity.
The premiums will be waived by the Company, no matter at what age
disability occurs.
A double benefit rider will be attached to policies containing the
disability benefit provisions. This rider provides for payment of double
the face of the policy upon accidental death at any age, within 60 days
of accident. On accidental total and permanent disability before age
60 occuring within 60 days of accident, double the above mentioned
disability income is paid.
Guardian Life Insurance Company. The principal forms of
policies now issued by the company are ordinary life, limited pay-
ment life, and endowment policies. The forms are participating,
dividends are distributed annually, and may be paid in cash, applied
toward payment of premium, or left to accumulate or to purchase
paid-up additions to the policy at the option of the holder. Loans are
granted after two full years' premiums have been paid, and loan and
surrender values are printed in the policy and optional modes of settle-
ment on maturity are provided with installment values printed in the
policy. The privilege of changing to any other form of policy requiring a
higher premium is granted, and a clause is included limiting the lia-
bility of the company to the reserve under the policy if the insured
commits suicide, whether sane or insane, within one year of the date
of the policy. The policies are free from restrictions as to residence,
travel and occupation, except as to double indemnity and disability
benefits and are incontestable after one year, except for non-payment
of premium, subject to the restriction as to double indemnity and
disability benefits, and to adjustment for misstatement of age in appli-
cation. Provision is also made for automatic payment of any over due
premium, after period of grace, by applying accumulated dividends
towards payment of the over due portion of the premium. Other
special forms are issued by the company.
If the Insured before attaining the age of sixty years becomes
wholly and permanently disabled, the Company, besides waiving pay*
ment of premiums hereunder will pay to the Insured a monthly dis-
ability income payment equal to one per cent of the face amount of
the policy. The first monthly payment begins on the first day of the
calendar month next following the receipt of proof of disability.
Life and Casualty Section 379
In addition to the waiver of premium and disability clauses the
company for an additional premium grants double indemnity benefits,
under which double the face of the policy is paid if death results through
"external violent and accidental means, before the insured attains the
age of 60 years." The double indemnity is not payable in case of suicide,
naval or military service, red cross or other relief work connected with
warfare, from insurrection or riot or police duty or indulgence in aero-
nautics or submarine operating.
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company. This
company issues all the Ordinary forms of life, endowment and term
policies. A Continuous Monthly Installment policy on life, limited
life, and endowment plans. A Joint Life Policy, either family or
commercial forms, on life, limited life or endowment plans. A Cor>
poration Policy on life, limited life, endowment or term plans.
Term Policies for five or ten years are convertible to life or en-
dowment plans, in the case of five-year term, any time before the ex-
piration ot the term, in the case of the ten-year term, any time before
the expiration of seven years.
Other policies, except on Joint Life ancf Corporation plans, may be
converted to any form, except to the Continuous Monthly Install-
ment, Joint Life, and Corporation forms, at any time while in full
force, without re-examination, the new policy to be of not greater
amount, but to have a higher premium rate, and to bear date of the
policy released. The cost of change to be the difference in premiums
of the two policies from the date thereof with interest compounded
annually, and adjustment of dividend differences.
Joint Life and Corporation policies may be converted, but only
to the same plan respectively as the original policy, on the terms set
forth above.
A provision for total and permanent disability benefit may, if
desired, be incorporated in the policy for a small increase in premium.
This provides that in case the insured should become wholly and
permanently disabled the company will waive payment of further
premiums and make settlement as stipulated under the provision.
The policy may also provide, in case of death by accident before
age 60, an indemnity of double the amount called for by the face of the
policy.
Premiums may be paid annually, semi-annually or quarterly,
and if paid one year or more prior to date due will be discounted at
three per cent per annum. Grace of thirty-one days without interest
allowed in payment of all premiums after the first. All policies con-
tain provision for reinstatement at any time within stipulated term of
the policy.
Under the Massachusetts law policies participate annually in the
divisible surplus, and the non-forfeiture law provides, in case of Lapse,
for paid-up, cash surrender or extended term values. All life and
endowment forms provide for loan values; change of beneficiary
allowed if right is reserved in application.
380 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
In lieu of settlement in one sum the policy offers four settlement
options, viz., payment in stipulated number of annual installments,
payment by an annuity for life, payment in a stipulated number of
mstallments and an annuity* thereafter for life, or left on deposit with
the company at not less than three per cent interest to be finally dis-
posed of as has been directed at time of election of the option. All
annual installments will be paid, if desired, in equivalent, semi-annual,
quarterly, or monthly payments.
An intermediate policy called the Accumulation Fund Policy,
contains most of the features of the Ordinary Policy. It is issued in
amounts of $500 to a total of $2,000 — on the life, limited life, and
endowment plans. The accumulation fund is a provision whereby
amounts of one dollar or more may be deposited with the company at
interest and applied from time to time to pay the premiums as they
become due. In its Industrial or Weekly Premium Branch the company
issues policies on the life, limited life, and endowment plans.
Manhattan Life Insurance Company. The company issues
all the regular forms of brdinary life, limited payment life, and endow-
ment polici«.s with or without disability benefits, and with or without
the double indemnity clause. It also issues monthly income pol-
icies on the ordinary life and limited payment life plan, aim convertible
term policies. All policies issued by the company are on the annual
dividend plan.
•
Maryland Life Insurance Company, Baltimore. The
principal forms issued are ordinary life, endowment and limited
payment life, participating and non-participating. All participating
policies are issued either with annual dividends or with nve-year dis-
tribution of surplus as may be preferred.
The conditions and benefits are the same under the three forms,
and are free from conditions as to residence and travel, are incontest-
able after one year except for non-payment of premiums, (see war clause
below), and in case of suicide of insured whether sane or insane, within
one year, the policy is void, and the company made liable only for the
reserve under the policy. Thirty-one days of grace in payment of
premiums, without interest, is allowed.
Loan provisions are available after three full premiums have been
paid, and liberal cash, extended term, and paid-up insurance values are
endorsed on the policy. Optional modes of settlement are provided
under which the proceeds of the policy may be paid in one sum, in a
certain number of installments, or in installments and as an annuity,
or in continuous installments, and installment values are endorsed
on the policies.
The following in regard to dividends describes the options for
their use in the life and limited payment life policies with five year
distribution. In the main they apply to all participating policies.
Use of dividends is optional with the insured, and may be used
in any one of the following ways: (i) applied towards payment of fure-
mium for ensuing year; (2) applied to purchase a temporary annuity
Life and Casualty Section 381
to be used in equal reduction of the ensuing; five years' premiums, or
(3) drawn in cash, or (4) used to purchase additional paid-up life insur-
ance, payable in the s^me manner as this policy, provided evidence
satisfactory to Company be given that the insured is safely insurable,
or (5) used to purchase additional insurance on the paid-up endowment
plan, maturing at age 65, and payable at maturity to insured, but
otherwise payable in the same manner as this policy, provided evi-
dence satisfactory to the company be given that the insured is safely
insurable, or (6) left with the company to accumulate at not less than
3>^ per cent, interest annually. Accumulations to be payable at
noaturity of policy but withdrawable on demand, but no allowance
will be made tor interest for a fractional part of a year.
The company on July i, 19 17, granted a provision for waiver of
premiums and annuity benefits in case of permanent and total dis-
ability occurring before age sixty.
•
The company has adopted the following war clause: After one
year from date this policy is free from any restrictions as to occupation
as set forth in the application, except that if at any time from the
issuance of this policy and during its continuance, or during the con-
tinuance of any extended term insurance growing out of this policy,
the insured shall engage, without the written consent of the Company,
or having obtained such consent, without the payment of the first or
any subsequent extra premium or premiums that the Company may
require, in any Military or Naval Service in time of war or, as a civilian
in any activities subject to any of the perils of actual warfare, the
liability of the Company as fixecl by the terms of this policy shall in the
event of the death of the insured while so engaged, or within six months
after discharge from such service, be limited to a return of the premiums
(reckoned upon the basis of annual premiums) paid hereon up to the
time of death, without interest, (exclusive of any extra premium or
premiums paid because of such service) less any dividends paid (any
dividends credited being cancelled) and less any indebtedness, including
in the case of extended term insurance the indebtedness standing
against this policy at the time it was so extended. But in no case shall
the amount so payable exceed the face of the policy at the time of such
death.
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company issues pol-
icies of life insurance which may be briefly described as follows:
Continuous Payment Life Policy. Payable at death only, pre*
mium payments to continue during the life of the insured.
Limited Premium Life Policy. Payable at death only, premiums
payable for either i, 5, 10, 15, 19, 20, 25 or 30 years, as desired, the
pouc^ becoming fully paid-up after the payment of the stipulated
number of prenuums.
Continuous Payment Endowment Policy. Maturing and pay-
able at the end of a stated term of years, or upon the death ot tne
insured, should that event occur during the endowment period; pre-
mium payments to continue during the term of the policy.
382 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Limited Premium Endowment Policy. Maturing and pa^^ble at
the end of a stated term of years, or upon the death of the insured,
should that event occur during the endowment period; premiums
payable for either i, lo, 15 or 20 years, as desired, the policy becom-
mg fully paid-up after the payment of the required premiums.
Five-Year Term Policy, at a low rate of premium, loss payable
only in case of death during the stated term, containing a provision
for change to any other form of policy at any time within five yeprs
after the date of issue, without medical examination.
Installment Options. The above-described policies contain install-
ment options •; A,** " B." " C " and " D". Installments will be paid
in annual, semi-annual, quarterly or monthly portions. Option " A "
provides that the proceeds of the insurance are to be retained by the
company and paid in installments of such amount as may be desired,
the yearly balances remaining in the possession of the company to be
credited with interest at not less than three per cent per annum; install-
ment payments to continue until the fund is exhausted. Option *'B"
provides for payment in from 2 to 30 years of installments of a stated
amount each together with interest dividends. Option "C" provides for
payment of the proceeds in installments of a stated amount together
with interest dividends. Instalments payable during life of the bene-
ficiary, and if desired 10 or 20 years' payments will be guaranteed in any
event. Option "D" Jjrovides that the proceeds of the policy may be left
with the company, and that interest will be paid upon them; pro-
ceeds may be withdrawn on any interest day if msured ha& so directed.
Either of Options " A," " B," " C " or " D " may be selected by the
insured at any time during the continuance of the policy, or if no such
selection is made, and the insured has not otherwise directed, the bene-
ficiary may, at the death of the insured, elect to have the proceeds
paid according to either of said options. Under Endowment policies,
if the insured shall survive the endowment period, he may select either
of said optionN, and have payment of the proceeds made to himself
or other beneficiaries in installments accordingly.
Option " E " provides that the proceeds of a maturing Endowment
policy shall be paid as an Annuity during the joint lives of the insured
and the beneficiary, and to the survivor as long as such survivor may
live. Payments for 10 or 20 years are guaranteed in any event.
Joint Life Policies. These are written, insuring two or three
lives, on the Fivc-Year Term, Ordinary Life, Twenty- Payment Life
and Twenty-Year Endowment plans. Their object is to furnish to
partnerships financial protection against the withdrawal of cap-
ital following the death of a partner. They contain paid-up, cash
surrender, and extended insurance value tables, and all the valuable
features of regular policies, These policies, except the term plan, are
also written on the lives of husband and wife, if there are children.
Continuous Monthly Income Policy. Continuous Payment and
Limited Payment Life. Minimum payment $10 a month during life.
Payments are guaranteed for 10 or 20 years.
Life and Casualty Section 3SS
Special Provisions. Continuous Payment Life policies, Limited
Payment Life policies, and Endowment policies, will contain the
following provisions: for automatic paid-up insurance or automatic
extended term insurance; for annual distributions of surplus; for
automatic premium loan; for thirty-one days of grace in payment of
premiums; for reinstatement at any time; for change to some other
plan of insurance; for cash loans; and, if requested in the application,
reservation of right to change the benefit without the assent of the
beneficiary.
Term policies contain all the foregoing provisions, except the
loan provisions.
No restrictions upon residence, travel or occupation. Policy
incontestable after one year from date of issue, except for non-payment
of premium.
Whole Life and Endowment policies, except Joint Life, are issued
containing a provision for waiver of premium and annuity payment
in the event of permanent total disability of the insured before reach-
ing the age of sixty or sixty-five, if desired. For this provision the
company charges an additional premium based upon the age of the
insured and the plan of insurance.
Annuity. Immediate Life, Joint Life and Survivorship, Deferred.
Insurance with Income at age 60 or 65. Policy provides a monthly
income for life to the insured to begin at age 60 or 65. Payments
guaranteed for at least 10 years. At death of the insured before the
first income payment is due, the beneficiary will receive $1000 for each
$10 of monthly income provided in the policy. Insurance payable in
one sum or in installments.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. The company issues,
in its Ordinary Department, the various forms of ordinary life, limited
payment life, and endowment policies, installment policies, and annu-
ities (both life and survivorship), also five special forms, "Modified
Endowment with Life Option," "Limited Payment Life, Convertible
into Endowment," "Life with Premium Reduced After Twenty Years,"
"Endowment at Age 85 with Disability and Increased Indemnity" and
"Mortgage Redemption Policy." The policies are free from restrictions
as to residence, travel, and usually as to military or naval service,
are incontestable after two years, except for non-payment of premium,
and provide cash and loan values, extended insurance, and automatic
paid-up insurance and thirty-one days of grace in payment of premium.
Under most forms, payment of a small extra premium will secure a
double indemnity provision or a total and permanent disability benefit
consisting of waiver of premiums and a life annuity of $10 monthly
per $1000 insurance (face of policy remaining intact) if disability occur
before age 60, and the charge of premiums against the policy as a non-
interest oeariuK loan if disability occur after 60. The company also
issues group life and group health insurance.
In the Intermediate Branch of the Ordinary Department, the
company issues policies for $500 on the principal life and endowment
forms, with premiums payable annually, semi-annually or quarterly.
384 Cyclopedia of Insurance
also a Child's Endowment policy and a " Limited Payment Life, $500,
with Deferred Annuity, $100." The policy provisions are similar to
those in the company's regular Ordinary policies. There are total and
permanent disability benefits appropriate to this Branch.
" Special Class " policies are written on sub-standard risks under
the usual life, limited payment life, and endowment plans.
In the Industrial Department, weekly premium policies are
issued on the whole life plan, with premiums ceasing at age seventy-
five, also on various endowment plans, and the "Convertible" plan.
The last named is a life policy with premiums limited to a short term,
at the end of which the policyholder may either stop paying premiums
and have a fully paid-up life policy, or may continue his premiums
for certain specified periods, comparatively short, thereby converting
the policy into a paid-up endowment which matures, according to the
term for which additional premiums are paid, at ages from 35 to 70.
The Industrial policies contain a clause covering certain forms of total
and permanent disability.
All of the contracts issued by the company except annuities are
participating.
Mutual Benefit Life Insubancb Company. The company
issues all the ordinary forms of life and endowment policies. All
such contracts are incontestable after the first year, and are non-
forfeitable. Dividends are allowed annuallv beginning with the
second policy year. They may be applied either in cash reduction of
premium, or to the purchase of participating additional paid-up in-
surance, or so as to make the policy payable as an endowment at a
gradually decreasing age, or to convert the policy into a fully paid-up
policy.
All of these policies have tables of *' cash surrender or loan val-
ues," and also of extended insurance and paid-up values in case of
lapse. Values generally apply the first year.
On January i, 1908, this company adopted new policy forms.
Following is the present form of the ordinary life policy:
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEWARK.
N. J., in consideration of the payment of Premiums as hereinafter provided, hereby
Insures the Life of of in the County of
State of (herein called the Insured) in the wm
of Dollars, for the term of
Life, payable at its oflice in Newark. New Jersey, to
the executors, administrators, or assigns of the Insured, immediately upon receipt d
due proof of the death of the Insured. Any error made in stating th« age of the In-
sured will be adjusted by paying such amount as the Premiums iradd would purcbaie
at the correct age. Any indebtedness to the Company on this Policy and any anpsid
installments of the then current year's Premium will be deducted from the sum in-
sured.
The Annual Premium of Dollars and Centii
will be payable by the Insured on delivery hereof and on the day
of in each year during the continuance of this Policy, at the Com-
pany's ofiice in Newark, New Jersey, or to Agents in exchange for receipts signed by
the President or Treasurer. In lieu of the Annual Premium the Company will ac-
cept Dollars and Cents Semi-annually in nd-
vance, or Dollars and Cents Quarter-
annually in advance. This policy will not take effect unless the first Premiam or
agreed installment thereof shall be actually paid during the lifetime of the Insored.
Life and Casualty Section 385
No Aasisiuiient of this Policy •hall affect the company until It ahall haire le-
ceivcd written notice thereof.
Agenta are not authorised to make, alter or discharge contracts.
If within one year the Insured shall commit suicide, while sane or insane, this
Policy will be null and void. This Policy will be incontestable after one year from
its date of issue except for non-payment of Premium.
Thb Provisions and Agrbkicbnts printed on the second and third pages hereof
are a part of this contract.
NoN-FoRFKiTURB PROVISIONS. At the end of any Policy year during the whole
of which this Policy shall have been in force, or within one month from default in Pre-
mium payments, Uie owner shall have the following options:
I. To surrender the Policy to the Company at its oflBce in Newark,
New Jersey, for its Cash Surrrndbr Value.
a. To surrender the Policy to the Company at its office in Newark,
New Jersey, for a Non-Participating Paid-Up Poucy pajrable at the
time this Policy would be payable if continued in force.
3. If the Policy be not surrendered as above, the insurance will be
Automatically Extbndkd from date of default in Premium payments,
without any action by the owner of the Policy and without participa-
tion in surplus, for a sum equal to the amount of the Policy and existing
Dividend Additions, if any, less any Indebtedness to the Company hereon.
The Cash Surrender Value wiU be equal to the entire Net Reserve on this Pol-
Icy by the American Experience Mortality and interest at Three Per Centum yearly,
less any indebtedness to the Company hereon and less a sum equal to one per centum
of the amount of this Policy and existing Dividend Additions, if any, up to and includ-
ing the fifth Policy year, after which the said percentage will be reduced each year
one-tenth per centum of the amount insured. If there be no indebtedness the Cash
Surrender Value will be as shown in the following Table.
The amount of the Paid-up Policy or the term of the Extended Insurance, will
be such as the amount of the Cash Surrender Value will purchase at Net Single Prem-
ium rates, according to the attained age of the Insured, by the Amoican Experience
Mortality and interest at Three Per Centum yearly, and if there be no indebtedness,
will be as shown in the following Table. The FSdd-up Policy or the Extended Insurance
will be entitled to Cash Surrender Values equal to the reserve thereon at time of sur-
render, computed upon the basis hereinbefore mentioned, less any indebtedness to the
Company thereon.
Except as provided in this Policy any default in Premium payments wUl immedi-
ately render the Policy null and void.
Gracb and Rbinstatbmsnt. In event of default in Premium payments, the
arrears may be paid within one month (of not less than thirty days) or, if not so paid
and the Insured shall die within the said month, this Policy wiU be regarded as being
then in force, and the arrears will be deducted in the settlement hereof; Or, if requested
by the Insured prior to or within the said month, the arrears will be charged as an in-
debtedness against this Policy, bearing interest at a rate not exceeding six per centum
per annum, provided the entire indebtedness then outstanding shall be within the
Umit secured by the Cash Surrender Value; Or this Policy may be reinstated at any
time after the said month, upon evidence of insurability satisfactory to the Company
and payment of all arreara with interest thereon at not to excMd ix per centum per
annum: Providkd, in any case, the Policy has not been surrendered to the Company.
Loans. At any time while this Policy is in force the Company will loan on the
sole security thereof up to the limit secured by the Cash Surrender Value* upon receipt
of the Policy and a Certificate of Loan satisfactory to the Company. The loan will
bear interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum and may be paid off at any time while
the Policy is in force. If interest be not paid when due, it shall be added to the prin-
cipal, provided the entire indebtedness then outstanding shall be within the limit
secured by the Cash Surrender Value; otherwise non-payment of interest shall render
the Policy null and void after one month's notice shall have been mailed to the last
known address of the Insured and Assignee, if any.
Dividends applied uix>n either the Addition or Acceleratlve Endowment plan
effect a corresponding increase in the values of the Policy.
386 Cyclopedia of Insurance
While any owner of the Policy (either by the terms thereof or by attignment) a a
minor no loan can be made by the Company, except for the purpose of paying current
Premiuma; and before the Cash Surrender Value can be paid the interest of such
minor must be released by a duly appointed legal guardian.
This Policy and the application on which it is based (a copy of which is appended
hereto) constitute the entire contract between the parties. All statements made by the
Insured will, in the absence of fraud, be deemed representations and not warranties.
No such statement will avoid or be used in defense to a claim under this Policy unless
it is contained in the written application and a copy thereof be attached hereto when
issued.
SPECIAL PRIVILEGES. If not assigned, this Policy may be returned to
the Company at its office in Newark, New Jersey, with the Insured's written requeit
for the appropriate indorsement of the Policy by the Company:
z. To have the Beneficiary changed. This change may be made
at any time and from time to time, whiie the Policy is in force, or within
one month from default in Premium payments.
2. To have the whole, or any designated fraction, of the proceeds of
this Policy at its maturity retained by the Company until the death of the
Beneficiary, the Company in the meantime to pay the Beneficiary interest
on the amount so retained, at the rate of three per centum per annum,
the first interest payment to be made one year after the maturity of this
Policy, and the last interest payment to be a pro rata one for the expired
fraction of the year in which the Beneficiary dies. At any interest date
the Beneficiary may withdraw the amount retained by the Company, in
which case the interest payments will cease.
3. To have the whole, or any designated fraction, of the proceeds of
this Policy at its maturity paid in a specified number (not exceeding thirty)
of equal Annual Installments, as shown by the actompanying Table, the
first Installment being payable immediately.
4. To have the whole, or any designated fraction, of the proceeds of
this Policy at its maturity paid in equal Annual Installments continuing
during the lifetime of the Beneficiary, as shown by the accompanying Table,
the first Installment being payable immediately.
When either of the Installments payable under Privilege No. 3. or of the Install-
ments certainly payable under Privilege No. 4, shall fall due. the Company if re-
quested, will pay the then Present or Commuted Value of such Installments com-
puted at three per centum interest compounded annually, ah shown by the accompanyinc
Table. The commutation of a part or the whole of the Installments certaiiUy pay-
able under Privilege No. 4 will not affect the amounts pa^'able thereunder after the
term during which the Installments certain would have been payable.
The right of Withdrawal under Privilege No. 2. or of Commutation under Priv-
ileges Nos. 3 and 4. will be withheld from the Beneficiary if the Insured shall so direct.
If the Policy be not assigned, the Insured may revoke the request to have settle-
ment made in accordance with Privilege No. 3, or No. 3, or No. 4.
Unless otherwise directed by the Insured, the Company at the maturity of this
Policy will extend to the Beneficiary Privilege No. 2. or No. 3. or No. 4.
Dividends. Upon payment of the second year's Premium, and at the end of
the second and of each subsequent policy year, this Policy while in force will be credited
with such Dividends as may be apportioned by the Directors, and such annual Divi-
dends will include the portion of the divisible surplus accruing hereon. Dividends
thus credited will be paid in cash, or at the option of the Insured will be applied either
in reduction of Premiums, or upon the Addition or Accelerative Endowment plaxi.
but if Dividends have been applied upon the Addition plan, subsequent Dividends can-
not be applied upon the Accelerative Endowment plan, or vice versa. If settlement of
this Policy be made in accordance with Privilege No. 2, or No. 3, or No. 4, the stipu-
lated payments under Privilege No. 2 or No. 3, or the Installments certainly payable
under Privilege No. 4, will be increased by such Annual Dividends as may be appor-
tioned by the Directors, but such Dividends will be payable only in cash.
Under the Addition plan Dividends are applied to the purchase of additional
participating insurance (herein referred to as Dividend Additions) payable with the
Policy, such insurance being purchased at the Company's rates therefor published
and in force at this date. This Policy may be converted into a fully Paid-up Partici-
pating Policy payable at the same time as this Policy, subject to any outstanding
Life and Casualty Section 387
indebtedness on this Policy, whenever the Reserve on such Additional Insurance,
together with the Reserve on the original Policy, computed on the basis hereinbefore
mentioned shall equal the Net Single Premium therefor, computed on the same basis.
Under the Acceleiative Endowment plan Dividends are applied to the conver-
sion of the Policy into an Endowment payable at a specified and gradually diminish-
ing age; or, if preferred, into a fully Paid-up Participating Policy payable at the same
time that this Policy is payable according to its terms.
Tables of installment values, and of cash surrender, extended in-
surance and paid up values are printed in the policy.
Mutual Life Insurance Company. The company issues all
the ordinary forms of Continuous Premium Life, Limited Premium
Life, Continuous Premium Endowment, Limited Premium Endow-
ment, and Term policies, together with the Life Income policy.
Dividends are allotted annually after payment of second year's
premium. They are automatically apportioned as paid-up dividend
additions to the policy, but they may be surrendered for cash at any
time. This cash value can be used to help pay premiums, or can be
deposited with the company at compound interest which includes
excess interest in addition to the guaranteed rate of three per cent.
Paid-up and Endowment options are available to the policyholder
who allows his dividends to purchase the paid-up additions. Paid-up
option: — When the guaranteed paid-up surrender value of the policy
plus the paid-up dividend additions is equal to the face amount, the
policy may be endorsed as a fully paid up and participating policy.
When the reserve of the policy plus the cash value of existing paid-up
dividend additions and accruing cash dividend are equal to or greater
than the face amount of the policy, the*policy may be surrendered for
this total cash sum.
Disability benefits, including waiver of premium only or waiver
of premium plus income of i% per month of face amount of policy
during total disability, may be provided for in policy. Double Indem-
nity, payable in case of fatal accident from general causes, may also
be provided for.
The company issues the usual forms of Annuities, such as Life
Annuity, Deferred Annuity, and Survivorship Annuity. A special
form, the Cash Option Deferred Annuity, provides the option of taking
a cash payment at end of deferred period in lieu of an annuity. It also
provides for cash surrender values.
National Life Insurance Company, Montpelier, Vt. This
company issues all approved forms of participating life and endowment
insurances; monthly income policies; five and ten year participating
renewable term policies, five year non-renewable term policies, and
annuities. For an extra premium the Company will issue, in eligible
cases, when desired, a rider covering waiver of premium or waiver
of premium and monthly annuity of ten dollars per thousand in event
of total and permanent disability without reduction of insurance pro-
tection for beneficiary.
All these policies are free from restrictions on residence, travel or
occupation from date of issue and, after one year, incontestable for any
388 Cyclopedia of Insurance
cause except non-payment of premiums . They are non-forfeitable
automatically after three years from date of issue, from whkhtime
tables of liberal cash, paid-up, extended insurance, and final values
are endorsed. The National nas a unique feature in its endowment
contracts — to wit: A Fourth Option, which is additional to the
other options usually found in endowment policies and gives the policy-
holder the right to change the contract from endowment to paid-up
life insurance without medical re-examination. A ^ace of thirty-
one days for the payment of premiums, without mterest charge,
is granted. Cash loans are available at any time after three years'
preniiums have been paid. Insured may change beneficiary on written
application. Dividends on participating policies are apportioned
annually. Restoration may be effected at anv time after lapse on
proof of insurabilitv and payment of arrears. All policy forms provide
for the payment of insurance proceeds in any number of installments
as the insured may designate. Surplus interest as apportioned by the
directors of the company will be paid in addition to such installments.
National Life Insurance Company of the United States of
America. The prevalent forms of policies issued by this company
are the non-participating " Ordinary Life," Endowments at age eighty-
five; ** Limited Payment Endowment at a^e eighty-five "; Endow-
ment " and " Renewable Term," non-participating. All policies are
free from restrictions as to residence, travel and occupation, and
after one year are incontestable except for non-payment of premiums
and violation of their conditions in regard to military or naval serv-
ice in time of war. Under all endowment and life policies, liberal
values are provided, after three years, in paid-up or extended insurance
or cash. (Jash loans are also provided available after premiums have
been paid for three years. This Company also writes accident and
health insurance, and issues a "Complete Protection ^- Point Policy"
which combines in one contract, life, accident and health insurance, total
and permanent disability benefits and old age income.
New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Boston.
All policies are incontestable after one year except for non-pay-
ment of premium and for military or naval service in time of war, and
are void if the insured, whether sane or insane, shall die by his own
hand or act within one year from date of policy. Thirty-one days' grace
are granted in payment of premiums, and on and after payment of
second annual premium the policy participates in the distribution of
surplus made by the company, which, at the option of policyholder is
paid in cash, applied in reduction of premiums, or purchase paid-up
additions, or left to accumulate to the credit of the policy. Cash loans
are granted after three full annual premiums have been paid ; premium
loans after two years, and cash and surrender values granted after
three years. If the insured within two years of the date of the policy
shall engage in military or naval service in time of war the liability of
the company is limited to return of premiums paid unless the insured
pay such extra premium as the company may require.
Life and Casualty Section 389
The following waiver of premium and disability benefits are pro-
vided by the company: Waiver of Premiums, and Income during Total
and Permanent Disability. — If the Insured, before attaining the age
of sixty-five years, provided premiums have been duly paid and this
Policy is then in full force, becomes physically or mentally incapaci-
tated to such an extent as to be wholly and permanently unable to
engage in any occupation or profession or to perform any work for
compensation, gain or profit; or suffers the irrecoverable loss of the
entire sight of lx>th eyes, or the severance of both hands at or above the
wrists, or of both feet at or above the ankles, or of one entire hand and
one entire foot; and after such disability has existed for ninety days,
shall furnish due proof thereof to the Company, at its Home Office,
the Company will waive the payment of any premium thereafter due
upon this Policy during the continuance of such disability. Upon
acceptance of such proof, and during the continuance of such disability,
the Company will also pay to the Insured an Income of ($ ).
Such Waiver of Premiums and Income Payments shall not affect
any other obligation of the Company under the Policy, and the sum
insured shall t^ payable, and the loan and cash values and shares of
surplus shall be available, for the same amounts and in the same manner
as if all premiums waived had been paid. Interest on any indebtedness
to the Company on this Policy shall be deducted from the income
payments.
The Company shall have the right at any time, but not oftener
than once a year, to require due proof, by an examination of the Insured
by its duly appointed Medical Examiner, of the continuance of the
disability. If the Insured shall so far recover as to be able to engage in
any occupation or profession or to perform any work for compensation,
gam or profit, no further premium will be waived nor monthly income
paid; and all premiums thereafter falling due shall be paid by the
Insured in conformity with the terms of the Policy.
This Provision shall terminate if and when the Insured shall engage
in military or naval service in time of war, or in any work in connection
with actual warfare.
Double Indemnity in Case of Death from Accident. — Upon
receipt of due proof that the death of the Insured occurred before
having attained the age of sixty-five years, in consequence of bodily
injury effected solely through external, violent and accidental means, of
which (except in case of drowning or of internal injuries revealed by an
autopsy) there is a visible contusion or wound on the body, and that
such death occurred within ninety days after such injury was sustained,
and as a direct result thereof, independently of any other cause, pro-
vided premiums have been duly paid, and that this Policy is then in
force for its face amount and no payment under the Total and Perma-
nent Disability Provision has been made, the Company will pay (| )
— in addition to the face amount of this Policy.
It is mutually agreed that this Provision shall not cover self-
destruction, whether sane or insane; death resulting from participation
390 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in aeronautics or submarine operations; death caused directly or
indirectly by military or naval service in time of war, or by any work in
connection with actual warfare, riot or insurrection, or any act incident
thereto, either on land or water; death resulting from any violation of
law, or from police duty in any police organization; or death resulting
directly or indirectly from bodily or mental infirmity, poisoning or
infection, other than that occurring simultaneously with and in conse-
quence of bodily injury.
The premium specified in this Policy includes a premium of ($ )
for the Total and Permanent Disability Provision, and of ($....) for the
Double Indemnity Provision, payable according to the terms of the
Policy but not after the Insured attains the actual age of sixty-five
years. If the above provisions are terminated as aforesaid, or upon
written request of the Insured and endorsement on the Policy, the
additional premiums shall thereupon cease to be payable.
New York Life Insurance Coiipany. This company issues all
the usual forms of Life, Limited Payment Life, and Endowment pol-
icies. It also issues policies on which the premium payments cease
at age 60 and age 65, and policies on the Accelerative Endowment
plan to mature at ages 70, 75, 80 and 85; also monthly income policies
on life and endowment forms; joint life, on regular life and endow-
ment forms; pure endowments, with or without return of premiums on
10, 15, 20 and 25 year endowment forms; pure endowments for chil-
dren with or without return of premiums; single premium life and
endowments; and convertible 5, 10, 15 and 20 year term policies.
The Company also issues Life Annuities payable during lifetime
of the annuitant either yearly, half yearly or quarterly.
All policies participate annually in the company's earnings; are
incontestable after two years and limit the company's liability to the
return of premiums paid in case of self-destruction within two years
from date. Loans, Cash Surrender, Paid-up and Extended Insurance
Values are given after three annual premiums have been paid. Endow-
ment policies for twenty years or less guarantee the same benefits
after two annual premiums have been paid.
Disability Benefits. Policies issued on all forms guarantee the
following benefits in case of total and permanent disability: —
1. Waiver of premium.
2. Payment to insured monthly i% of the face of the policy
during disability until maturity of the policy; upon maturity of
the policy, either at death or upon completion of the Endowment
Period, face of policy is payable without reduction on account of
amount paid to insured during disability.
Double Indemnity. Policies are also issued providing for payment
of double the face of the policy in case the death of the insured resulted
directly and independently of all other causes from bodily injury
effected solely through external violent and accidental cause, and that
such death occurred within sixty days after sustaining such injury.
Life and Casualty Section 391
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, The, Mil-
WBukee, Wis. This company issues the usual forms of participating
Life and Endowment policies, with Disability Clause, if requested,
providing for waiver of premiums in event of total and permanent
disability of insured. Beneficiary may be named at time of appli-
cation for the insurance or later, with or without reserving to the
insured the right of revocation. • A contingent beneficiary or bene-
ficiaries may be designated by insured, or by beneficiary if insured
fails to do so, whose interest shall be as expressed in or by endorsement
on the policy. A grace of 31 days is allowed for payment of premiums
after the first. Dividends are payable annually beginning one year
from date of issue and under all policies except Term eacn dividend
may be withdrawn in cash, or applied toward payment of premium or
used to purchase a participating paid-up addition to the policy or left
with the company to accumulate at interest.
Under the regular forms the insured, or the beneficiary if the in-
sured during his lifetime shall have failed to do so, may under suit-
able conditions elect that the proceeds at death in lieu of being paid
in one sum shall be (a) retained by the company and 3 per cent inter-
est paid thereon, or (b) paid in from 2 to 25 annual installments, or
(c) paid in 10, 15, 20, or 25 stipulated annual installments, with pay-
ments of the same amount contmued as much longer as the beneficiary
shall survive. The income will be paid in monthly installments if
desired and the interest or installment certain payments will be in-
creased by such dividends as may be apportioned. Settlement options
also apply to the net proceeds payable tor cash surrender values.
Corporation and Partnership policies are also offered by the
company. The limit of insurance on one life is $150,000 and the age
limit from 16 to 60, inclusive.
Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company of Calii-ornia, The,
Loe Angeles, Cal. This company issues policies both on the partici-
pating and non-participating basis. The participating policies are
written on the annual dividend plan only. These policies cover a wide
range of forms — whole life, limited payment life and endowment,
monthly income, continuous monthly income and business policies.
The policies are incontestable after one year except for non-payment of
premiums and violation of the agreement as to military service. An
extra premium is required for war service, but only during the first
five policy years of the contract. Tables of loan and surrender values
are printed in the policies, and the company includes a [permanent total
disability benefit in practically all policies. The benefit is included
without an additional premium, and provides for the waiver of premium
payment and the payment of a benefit of ten dollars per month per
each $1000 of insurance, as long as the insured lives; the first payment
being made upon receipt of proof. Payment made under this benefit
does not reduce the death or other benefits, provided in the policy.
Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. This company issues
the ordinary forms of Life, Limited Life, and Endowment policies,
which are without restrictions as to travel and residence, from the
392 Cyclopedia of Insurance
date of issue, and are incontestable after one year, except for non-
payment of premiums. The general provisions of all its policies, of
which it issues a great variety, are almost identical, except the changes
necessary to carry into effect the differences in the plans. Surrender
values are allowed at the end of three years, after three annual payments
of premiums; and the extension feature applies to all other than special
forms. The company lends uF>on its policies, the amounts being specifi-
cally stated year by year in the policies themselves, and in its present
forms the values are the full American three per cent reserve. The loan
values and cash values are the same in amount, and tables of such
values, as "well as instalment tables, are printed in the policy. Instal-
ment values may be paid annually, semi-annually, quarterly or monthly,
upon request. The policies are terminated by the acceptance of the
cash value, but this sum may be borrowed and the policy continued at
the option of the insured. The ordinary life forip, revised in 1920,
contains the following non-forfeiture provisions:
NoN-FoRFRiTURB. If this policy shall lapse through non-payment of premiam
after three years' premiums have been paid, the company will secure to the owner
thereof a form of insurance, the net value of which shall be equal to the full reserve oq
this policy and on any dividend additions thereto at the date of default, according to
the American Experience Table of Mortality, with interest at 3 per cent, less any ex-
isting indebtedness to the company on this policy. At the end of the third and suc-
ceeding years the cash value is the full reserve, and the paid-up and extension values
are the equivalents thereof. The stipulated values of this policy shall be oorrespond-
ingly increased for any fractional portion of a year's premium which has been paid.
'This non-forfeiture value shall be secured to the owner of this policy through one of
the following provisions:
First: — The automatic extension without participation of the net amoant in-
sured by this policy for the number of years and days provided for in Section IX hereof,
at the expiration of which time the insurance shall cease; or.
Second: — The issue of paid-up participating insurance payable at death for
the sum provided for in Section IX hereof upon written application therefor by the
owner of this policy and the legal surrender of all claims hoeunder to the company
at its home office within one month after lapse; or.
Third: — The payment, in accordance with Sections VIII and IX hereof, of the
cash surrender value provided for in Section IX hereof on surrender of this policy, and
all claims hereunder to the company within one month from the date of lapse.
The policy contains liberal settlement provisions, including instalment and
interest options. The Interest Privilege Provision reads as follows:
XIII. Interest Privilege. The net proceeds of this policy or any designated
fraction thereof may at maturity be allowed to remain with the company until the death
of the beneficiary, during which period the company will pay to the brnefictary yearly.
3 per cent on the amount so held, the first payment being made one jrear after the
maturity of this policy and the last payment to be pro-rated to the date of the death
of the beneficiary. The interest rate will be improved annually by such addition as
may be awarded by the Board of Trustees. Unless otherwise directed by the owner of
this Policy in writing filed with the company, the balance remaining unpaid may be
withdrawn at any interest period.
The policy, in event of the default in payment of premium, may
be reinstated at any time on evidence of insurability and the paynoent
of all over-due premiums and other indebtedness. The above is a
synopsis of the ordinary life form, and other forms of policies issued
by the company are: Limited Payment Life; Endowments; Optional
Endowments; Trust Certificates; Optional Term Insurance and Term
Insurance with automatic conversion; Dual Income Endowments;
Income Policies, and Continuous Instalment Contracts.
Life and Casualty Section 393
Variations in the method of accumulation or use of dividends of
surplus give rise to other forms, such as Life Rate Endowment, Accel-
erative Endowment policies, etc.
The companv adopted a provision for waiver of premium and
including a monthly annuity in case of permanent total disability, in
February, 1916, which is incorporated in its life and endowment con-
tracts when desired by the applicant. This provision in the 1920
policies reads:
If after one year's premium shall have been paid on this policy and before default
in the payment of any subsequent premium the msured shall furnish to the company
due proof that, prior to the maturity of ttiis policy and before attaining the age of
sixty, he has become wholly disabled by bodily injury or disease so that he is and
thereby will be permanently and continuously unable to engage in any occupation
whatever for remuneration or profit, and that such disability has existed continuously
for not less than sixty days prior to the furnishing of proof, thereupon the company
will grant the following bdients.
a. Waiver of Premium. — The company, by endorsement hereon, shall waive
the payment of the premiums which thereafter may become due under this policy
during the continuance of the said total disability of the insured. In making any
settlement under this policy the company shall not deduct any part of the premiums
so waived, and the non-forfeiture values of this policy shall increase from year to year
in the same manner as though any premium waived under this provision had been paid
in cash:
b. Annuity Payment. — Furthermore, the Company wUl pay to the insured
mah month Dollars, being a sum equal to one
ecepe tc of the face of this Policy, the first monthly payment to be made six months
after receipt of due proof of the said total disability accompanied by this Policy for
endorsement, and subsequent payments monthly thereafter during the continuance of
the said total disability of the insured and prior to the maturity of this Policy. The
amount payable at the maturity of this Policy shall not be reduced by any payments
made under this disability provision.
Without prejudice to any other cause of total disability, the entire and irrecover-
able loss oi the sight of both eyes, or the severance of both hands at or above the wrists.
or of both feet at or above the anldes, or of one entire hand and one entire foot, shall
be considered as total and permanent disability.
Should the company accept proofs of permanent disability under this policy, it
may nevertheless, at any time thereafter, but not oftener than once a year subse-
quent to the first payment of the disability annuity, demand of the insured due proof
of the continuance of such total disability; and upon failure to furnish such proof,
or if it be established that the insured has engaged or has become able to engage in
any occupation whatever for remuneration or profit, all disability benefits under
this policy, except in case of the recognised disabilities hereinbefore mentioned, shall
thereupon cease.
While any non-forfeiture provision set forth in Section VII is in effect,
or in event of total and permanent disability occurring after age sixty, no dis-
ability benefits shall accrue. The foregoing provisions for disability benefits in event
of total and permanent disability shall immediately terminate if the insured shall
engage in military or naval service in time of war. or in aeronautics in any form within
one year from the date of this Policy; the additional premium for disability benefits
shall thereupon cease to be payable, and the Company upon receiving notice from the
insured of his so engaging will return the pro rata portion of the premium charged for
such benefits for the unexpired period for which payment may have been made. Upon
written request by the insured accompanied by this policy for endorsement, the provi-
sion for disability benefits may be discontinued.
If so discontinued, or if the insured attain age sixty, premiums thereafter will
be reduced by yearly,
being the additional premium for such benefits. Non-payment of the said addi-
tional premium will void the provisions respecting disabihty and the benefits secured
thereby.
Philadelphia Life Insurance Company. This company Issues
the ordinary forms of Life, Limited Payment Life, Endowment, and
Xerm policies. They may be made payable in one sum, or in annual,
394 Cyclopedia of Insurance
semi-annual, quarterly or monthly installments. The policies vary
slightly in thetr general provisions. They are incontestable after the
first year, and are without restrictions for travel, residence or occupa-
tion, from date of issue, except for military or naval service.
The policies bear loan and surrender values, the extended insur-
ance feature being automatic in event of no other options being se-
lected. A table of the surrender values is contained in the policy.
The values are never less than the reserve on American three and one-
half per cent basis, with a maximum deduction of one per cent of the
amount insured. The paid-ups are for the full amount which the
cash values would purchase, and the cash values grade up to the tenth
year, after which point the full reserve is given. The surrender values
are pro-rated for each fraction of a year's premium paid.
The policy may be reinstated in event of default on evidence of
insurability, and payment of overdue premiums and interest thereon.
The policies participate annually in the dividends which may be with-
drawn in cash, used to purchase paid-up additions, or left with the com-
pany at interest. To the policy may be attached a rider providing
for waiver of premiums in event of total disability.
The company on request will issue a disability clause, which
reads as follows:
Waiver of Premiums and Annuity. — If the insured, before attaininc the ace of
sixty years, and after paying one full annual premium in cash, and before default
in the payment of any subsequent premium, shall furnish due proof to the company
that he hais become disabled by bodily injury or disease so that he will be permanently,
continuously and wholly prevented thereby from performing any work for compensa-
tion or profit, and such disability has existed continuously for not le» than sixty dairs
prior to the furnishing of said proof, the company, by endorsement hereon, will gnnt
the following benefits:
(i) The company will waive payment of premiums thereafter becoming due
under this policy during the continuance of said disability of insured.
(2) The company will pay the insured a monthly sum of $
the first monthly payment to be made six months after receipt o(
said proof of disability and subsequent payments monthly thereafter during the
continuance of said disability of insured prior to the maturity of this policy.
Premiums waived and annuity benefits paid will not be deducted from any
settlement under this policy, and the non-forfeiture options on surrender or lapse
will increase from year to year in the same manner as though any premium waived
under this provision had been paid in cash. The company will admit the age of the
insured when furnished with satisfactory evidence of the date of birth, and reserves
the right to require such proof of date of birth at the time the proof of disability is
furnished.
In addition to any other cause, the entire and irrecoverable toss of the sasht of
both eyes, or the severance of both hands at or above the wrists, or of both feet sit or
above the ankles, or of one entire hand and one entire foot, shall be considered as
disability.
Should the company accept proof of disability under this policy, it may never-
theless, at any time thereafter, but not more often than once a year, demand of the
insured due proof of the continuance of such disability; and upon failure to furnish
such proof, or if it be established that the insured has engaged or has become able to
engage in any work whatever for compensation or profit, all disability benefits under this
policy shall thereupon cease.
While any non-forfeiture option on surrender or lapse as set forth in this policy is
in effect, or in event of disability occurring after age sixty, no disability benefits shall
accrue, nor shall any disability benefit apply if the insured engages in military or naval
service in time of war. On written request by insured accompanied by this policy
for endorsement the provision for disability benefits may be discontinued. In event
Life and Casualty Section 395
of the termination of the total disability waiver of premiums and annuity benefits,
future annual premiums will be reduced by Dollars.
the extra premium therefor.
The Company on request will issue double Indemnity benefits, attaching same
to any of the standard forms except term plans.
Ph(enix Mutual Life Insurance Company. All the modern
forms of life insurance policies and annuity contracts are issued by this
company. A erace of thirty-one days without interest is allowed in
the payment of' renewal premiums.
Life and endowment policies contain non-forfeiture values —
cash, loan, paid-up, and extended insurance — after two full years'
premiums have been paid. The loan value available at the end of the
second year may be used toward the payment of the second year's pre-
mium. Dividends are payable annually, the first being due at the
end of the first year without being conditioned on the payment of the
premium for the succeeding year. They may be used to reduce pre-
mium, to purchase additions to the face value of the policy, or to accu-
mulate at compound interest as a fund to accelerate the maturity of
the policy as an endowment or to shorten the period of premium
payment.
Annual premium life policies contain the privilege of changing
to a higher premium policy under spedfic terms of the contract. Lim-
ited premium life policies will contain upon request a provision for
converting them into endowment policies of the same amount by
continuing premium payments after the original policy becomes fully
paid up.
Term policies for five, ten, twenty and thirty years are issued, all
of which provide for conversion to life and endowment contracts at
any time during a specified period after date of issue, and all except the
five-year term provide for renewal of the contract at any time within a
specified period.
The company also issues continuous income policies providing
for a monthly income to the beneficiary for a definite period after the
death of the insured or throughout the lifetime of the beneficiary after
the death of the insured, with a guaranteed minimum payable to the
beneficiary or the estate of the insured in event that the beneficiary
does not live to receive such minimum.
A Waiver-of-Premium agreement will be included in all regular
policies, whereby the company will assume the payment of all pre-
miums should the insured become totally and permanently disabled
before attaining the age of sixty. The values in the contract increase
just as though the premiums were being paid in cash, and certain
specific injuries are taken to be total and permanent disability within
the meamng of the clause. A similar agreement not only waives
premiums but also pays the insured an income of Sio per month for
each $1000 of insurance during such disability.
Double Indemnity clause is issued on all policies, by which double
the face of the policy is paid in event of death occurring as the result
of accident.
396 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Prudential Insurance Company of America. This company
iimies all approved forms of ordinary policies, such as Whole Life,
Limited Payment Life, and Endowments. Policies on the Industrial
Plan are also issued, and the Weekly Income Industrial Life policy is
payable in weekly installments for either thirteen or twenty -six
weeks. Regular ordinary policies are written on the partiapat-
ing plan, and contain the following provisions: Non-forf citable after
first year's premium is paid ; Automatic Extended Insurance after
one year; Annual Cash Surrender, Loan, and Paid-up Values after
three years under life policies, and two years under endowments;
Occupation, Residence, and Travel absolutely without restriction;
incontestable after one year; grace in payment of premiums — thirty-
one days without interest; beneficiary may be changed at any time by
insured; liberal revival provisions. When any policy becomes a claim
it may be made payable in one sum; or in monthly, quarterly, semi-
annual, or annual installments; or for a definite period and thereafter
continuously during lifetime of beneficiary: or the sum insured may be
left with the company as a trust fund at three and one-half per cent
interest. Installments or interest payable will be increased by such
dividend as may be apportioned. In addition to the above forms of
ordinary policies the company issues the following special forms:
Monthly Income Policies and Immediate Benefit and Monthly
Income Policies. The distinctive features of these contracts is that
upon maturity, whether by death, or the expiration of the endow-
ment period in case of endowments, the benefits will be paid by check
in monthly installments, to continue for a selected period of five,
ten, fifteen or twenty years and, by the payment of a slightly higher
premium, so long as the beneficiary survives such period, or, in case
of endowments, so lone as the survivor of the insured and beneficiary
survives such period aiter maturity.
The Immediate Benefit and Monthly Income policies provide
for a monthly income as described above and in addition for the pay-
ment of a specified amount in one sum at maturity of the policy.
Twenty Payment Life with Pure Endowment Addition. This
policy, in addition to the features of a regular Twenty-Payment Life,
provides for a Pure Endowment at the end of twenty years, if the
insured be then living. One of several options is available to the
insured at that time. The surrender values are greater than under
a regular Twenty-Payment Life.
Annuities. Annuities, or, as they are sometimes called, income
policies, are also issued by the Prudential.
Group Policy. This policy enables an employer to insure all
of his employees under one contract on the yearly renewable term
plan.
Disability Provision. Regular Ordinary policies contain a pro-
vision that, in event of total and permanent disability, further pay-
ment of premiums will be waived and policies will be considered as if
premiums had been paid, except that if the disability occur after age
sixty the premiums waived will be considered an indebtedness against
Life and Casualty Section 397
the policy. If, however, the disability occur prior to age sixty, not only
will the payment of premiums cease, but the amount of insurance will
be paid in monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual installments
over a period of ten years, the first installment to be paid three months
after receipt of proof of such disability. This provision will not be
included in term policies-, policies on the lives of married women and
policies on sub-standard lives. Group policies contain a similar provi-
sion.
Policies with Permanent Disability and Accidental Death Benefits.
These policies provide for a monthly income during the total and
permanent disability of the insured and waiver of premiums, if the
disability occurs before SL^e 60. If disability occurs after age 60, pre-
miums are waived but will be considered an indebtedness against the
policy. In event of death by accident as defined in the policy, twice the
face amount of the policy will be paid. These benefits are in addition to
the regular insurance under the policy. Policies on this plan but not
including the accidental death benefit feature are also issued.
Reliance Life Insurance Company of Pittsburgh. The forms
of policies are ordinary life, limited payment, and endowment, both
participating and non-participating. These forms are also issued as
continuous income, and guaranteed premium reduction policies.
The company also issues limited payment life and endowment, mortu-
ary addition policies, and convertible term, non-participating policies.
All policies are incontestable after one year from date of issue,
and allow, as provided for by the laws of the various states, grace
in payment of premiums and^ loans after the second year. Cash value,
automatic extended insurance, and paid-up insurance are granted
after full three years' premiums are paid. The term policies provide
for exchange of the policy for any other form issued by the company.
A distributive disability clause is mcluded in all policies, providing that
premiums will cease upon total and permanent disability and that
insured may draw face of policy in installment of one per cent per
month.
The company also issues accident and health insurance, this serv-
ice being limited, however, to its own life policyholders. ^ These pol-
icies cover from the first day of disability without restriction. The
weekly indemnity under the accident policy is 104 weeks for total, and
26 weeks for partial disability. The health policy provides for a limit
of 52 weeks' disability from any sickness or disease.
The company attaches a disability clause for a special premium,
which may be cancelled at any time by the insured, and the clause
reads as follows:
If the Insured, after one full year's premium has been paid on this policy and
before a default in the payment of any subsequent premium, shall furnish proof satis-
factory to the Company that he has become totally and presumably permanently
disabled for life by bodily injury or disease, not due to any cause or condition existing
at the time of the delivery of the policy or to military or naval service in time of war,
smd is thereby prevented from performing any and every kind of duty pertaining to
bis occupation or any other occupation or gainful pursuit, and that such disability has
then existed for not less than sixty days, the Company will grant the following benefits:
398 Cyclopedia of Insurance
A. — If the disability occurs before the Insured attains the age of sixty years.
(i) Waiver of Premium — Commencing with the anniversary of the policy
next succeeding the receipt of such proof, the Company will on each anniversary waive
payment of the premium for the ensuing insurance year, and, in any settlement of the
policy, the Company will not deduct the premiums so waived. In such event the
cash, loan and surrender values shall Increase from year to year in lilce manner as if
the premiums had been regularly and duly paid by the Insured.
(a) Instalment Payments — Beginning six months after the receipt of such
proof, the Company will pay to the Insured a monthly income of i % of the face amount
of the policy during the period of total and permanent disability prior to the maturity
of the policy. When the policy becomes a claim by death or matures as an endowment,
the full face value of the policy shall be payable in accordance with its terms, less any
existing indebtedness, without any deduction for income payments.
B. ^If the disability occurs after the Insured attains the age of sixty years.
(i) Waiver of Premium —Commencing with the anniversary of the policy next
succeeding the receipt of such proof, the Company will on each anniversary waive
payment of the premium for the ensuing insurance year, and thereupon the face of
the policy will be reduced by the amount of each premium so waived, and any loan
and non-forfeiture values shall be based upon the amount of insurance thus rediKed.
Recovery from Disability — If the Company accepts proof of disability under this
policy, it shall have the right at any time thereafter, but not more frequently than
once a year, to require proof of the continuance of such disability, and if the Insured
shall fail to furnish such proof, or if it appears at any time that the Insured has become
able to engage in any occupation whatsoever for remuneration or profit, no further
premiums shall be waived and no further income payments shall be made hereunder on
account of such disability.
The annual premium for this clause is $ , and is
included in the whole premium charged for this policy, and this clause may be cancelled
at any time by the Insured, and thereafter the disability insurance shall cease, and the
premium on this policy shall be reduced by the amount named herein provided the
policy be returned to the Company for proper endorsement.
Rbsbkvb Loan Life Insurance Company, Indianapolis.
The principal forms are the twenty-payment life, coupon, increased
benent, monthly income and endowment policies, non-participating.
The legal reserve under the company's policies is deposited with the
state insurance department.
The policies are free from conditions as to residence, travel, in-
contestable after one year, if premiums are paid, and grant thirty-one
days' grace in payment of premium without interest. The first year's
insurance is term insurance.
Loan, cash, paid-up and extended insurance values are endorsed
on the policies. Suicide within one year from date of policy is a risk not
assumed and in such case premiums actually paid will be returned.
Reinstatement may be made at any time on evidence of good health.
Payment of the proceeds of the policy either in one sum or in monthly
or annual installments is optional with the insured, and tables of in-
stallment values are printed in the policy.
A double indemnity, and a total permanent disability and waiver
or premium clause is attached to company's forms, for an additional
premium, and which may be cancelled by the insured on any anniver-
sary of the policy. A special certificate is also included, promising an
advance payment of one hundred dollars to the beneficiary which
shall apply on account of any amount due under the policy.
Life and Casualty Section 399
Southern Life and Trust Company, Greensboro, N. C. This
company issues life, limited payment life and endowment policies
on both the annual dividend and non-participating plans. The most
popular form is twenty payment life. Disability and double indemnity
provisions may be included for an additional premium at the option of
the applicant. The policy is incontestable after two years except for
non-payment of premium. If the insured commit suicide within two
years of date of policy, the policy is null and void except as to amount
of premium paid thereon. Non-forfei table privileges are granted after
the third year, and cash, loan and paid-up values are printed in the
policy. Optional methods of paying dividends are provided, and divi-
dends may be used to reduce the next premium, to purchase additional
insurance or left to accumulate, in which case they may be used to
reduce the premium paying period or to mature the policy as an endow-
ment. Similarly installment privileges are provided under which the
policy at maturity will be paid in limited or continuous installments.
Thirty -one days' grace in payment of renewal premiums are
granted, alsp re-instatement and change of beneficiary privileges,
and change of policy to other regular forms issued by the company.
The disability benefit provision is granted for a special annual
premium, but is null and void if the insured engage in military or naval
service in time of war. The disability must occur before age sixty and
must be such as to render the insured "wholly, continuously and per-
manently unable to pursue or engage in any gainful occupation or
perform any work mental or manual for compensation or profit." The
benefits in addition to waiver of payment of premiums coming due
during "such disability.", provided are as follows:
Beginning six months thereafter, if " such disability " continues, the company
will pay to the insured a monthly income of Dollars
during " such disability " prior to the maturity of this policy. All said payments will
be due at the home office, but without presentation of this policy.
The face amount of this policy payable at maturity, either as an endowment or
as a death claim, shall not be reduced by any payments made under tliis disability
provision. The loan values and non-forfeiture privileges of this policy sh^ll be in*
creased and dividends shall be paid from year to year in the same manner as if any
premium waived under this provision had been paid in cash.
Proofs of the continuance of " such disability " satisfactory to the company
4iaU be furnished as often as requested by the company by written notice mailed to
the registered address of the insured, and the company shall be permitted to examine
the insured physically from time to time, but not oftener than once a year. If the
insured neglects or refuses to furnish such proofs or to submit to such physical ex-
amination, or if it is established that the insured has wholly or partly recovered from
" such disat)ility," the company will discontinue payment of benefits and require the
payment in cash of all premiums thereafter becoming due hereunder.
Special Causes of Disability: The company will consider as " such disability "
the entire and irrecoverable loss of the sight of both eyes or the severance of both
hands at or above the wrists or of both feet at or above the ankles or of one entire
hand and one entire foot.
The company also issues an accident indemnity provision for a special additional
premium, attaching to policies prior to age sixty, and paying double the face of the
policy in case of death by accident.
State Mutual Life Insurance Company, Worcester, Mass.
This company issues several forms of policies, but its principal forms
are life and endowment policies, annual dividends. All policies are
400 Cyclopedia of Insuranxb
subject to the non-forfeitable law of Massachusetts, and the values
under the non-forfeiture provisions are printed in the policy. The
policies are incontestable after one year from date of issue except
tor non-payment of premium, and may be reinstated at any time,
provided it has not been surrendered for its cash value or its extension
period expired, on satisfactory evidence of insurability and payment
or reinstatement of indebtedness under the policy. Dividends may be
paid in cash, applied in reduction of premiums, or to the purchase of
paid-up additions, or left with the company to accumulate, and ap-
plied to make the policy fully paid-up or to accelerate its maturity.
Optional modes of settlement are provided and tables of installment
values printed in the policy.
The company issues a disability benefit.
The Travelers Insurance Company, Life Department, Hart-
ford, Conn. This company issues non-participating life policies,
only, on the following forms:
Ordinary Life, Limited Payment Life and Endowment, each on the
Uniform Premium and Premium Reduction plans, payable in one sum or
in installments, annual or monthly, over a period of twenty years.
(These installments may be made continuous throughout the lifetime of
the original beneficiary by the payment of a small extra premium.)
Twenty Payment Life with Guaranteed Endowment Additions,
Insurance Annuity 65, Pension Insurance 65, Insurance with Cash
Settlement at Ages, 60, 65, 70 and 80, Life Insurance — Premiums
payable to Age &, Ideal Contract for Business Women, Insurance to
Ages 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 with Monthly Life Income Thereafter,
5 Year Renewable Term^ 10 Year Non-Renewable Term, Single Pre-
mium Life and Endowment, Reversionary Annuities, Single Premium
Life Annuities and Cash Refund Annuities, Single and Annual Premium
Deferred Cash Refund Annuities, and Single Annual and 20 Premium
Deferred Life Annuities.
The company's contracts on male lives, and on self-supporting,
unmarried women, are issued in general in one of three ways:
1. With Disability Provision i, which provides if the Insured is
permanently and totally disabled prior to age 60, after one full annual
premium has been paid and before a default in the payment of any
subsequent premium, for waiver of premium together with the payment
of a monthly income of $10 per $1,000 of insurance as long as the
disabled insured survives, without deduction from the insurance.
2. With Disability Provision 2, which provides under similar con-
ditions for settlement of the insurance at disability by the payment of 20
annual installments certain of $68 each for each $1,000 of insurance —
such installments to be continued thereafter as long as the disabled
insured survives.
3. Without Disability Provision.
Life and Casualty Section 401
Union Central Life Insukance Company. This company
issues life and limited payment life policies, and reffular and limited
payment endowment policies with or without total and permanent
disability benefits. Tne disability benefit is issued for a special pre-
mium, and the benefit does not vest until the expiration of six months'
probation after receipt of proof of disability, (except in case of total
blindness, loss of feet, hands, or one hand and foot), but payment of
premium is waived if disability vests; or otherwise thirty-one days of
grace beyond the period of probation is granted for payment of pre-
mium falling due within the six months. If the disability occurs before
the anniversary of the policy nearest age sixty, premiums are waived,
and an annuity of one per cent of the face of the policy paid in monthy
installments; after age sixty premiums are allowed to accumulate
without interest as an indebtedness against the policy. "Disability" is
defined as follows: "The disability must be total, and permanent,
and of such a character that the insured is and continuously will be
prevented thereby from performing any work, or following any occu-
pation, or engaging in any business, for wages, remuneration or profit,
the injuries above specified excepted."
The company also issues Installment and Continuous Installment
Policies, upon the Ordinary Life and Limited Payment Life Plans, Five,
Ten, Fifteen and Twenty Year participating non-renewable term
policies, convertible within five years; and annuities. These policies
(except annuities) are all on the annual dividend plan only, and all
have liberal loan, cash and paid-up values, and extended insurance.
The companv also issues double indemnity benefits providing for
payment of double the face of the policy if death results from accident
when the face of the policy is payable in one sum, and if paid in install-
ments additional installments equal to the certain installments only
are paid at the same time and in same manner as the certain install-
ments. The benefit is issued for an additional premium; and does not
apply unless death of insured occur prior to the policy anniversary
nearest age 70, and prior to the maturity, or expiry of the policy.
Union Mutual Life Insurance Coiifany. The policies at
m-esent in use by this company are the " Ordinary Life/' ** Limited
Payment Life," '* Endowment," " Renewable Term," " Convertible
Term," — all on forms providing for apportionment of dividends
annually, and are incontestable after one year except for non-payment
of premium, and violation of provision regarding military or naval
service. The policies are free from restrictions as to occupation, travel
and residence, except military or naval service, and contain up-to-date
non-forfeiture provisions.
Volunteer State Life Insurance Company, Chattanooga,
Tenn. The principal forms issued are whole life, limited payment
life, and endowment policies on the non-participating basis.
The policies are incontestable after one year from date except for
non-payment of premium, and engaging in military or naval service
in time of war, and suicide within one year, is a risk not assumed.
402 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Tables of cash, loan and surrender values are printed in the policy,
and cash loans are granted after two full years premiums have been
paid. A total and permanent disability clause is also written in the
above-named forms of policies.
Standard Health and Accident Provisions. Minnesota in
IQ09 enacted legislation prescribing standard provisions for policies
of accident and health insurance, and as well prohibitinf^ the issuance
of policies in the state containing certain other provisions. Minne-
sota took the lead in such le^slation applying to accident and health
companies, and standard policy provision laws have been enacted in
Oregon, Wisconsin, Micniean, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, North
Carolina, North Dakota, I<&ho, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire,
California, Minnesota, Utah, New York, Washington, Arizona, Ala-
bama, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New
Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,
West Virginia and Virginia. Forms in the above states must be ap-
proved by the insurance commissioner, and Colorado in addition re-
quires that forms be filed with and approved by the commissioner
before being issued.
The earlier legislation was general and only required that policies
contain certain provisions. The laws now provide that *' no policy
of insurance against loss or damage from the sickness, or the bodily
injury, or death of the insured by accident shall be issued or deliv-
ered . . . until a copy of the form thereof and the classification of
risks and the premium rates pertaining thereto have been filed with
the insurance commissioner." A refusal by the commissioner to ap-
prove a form may be reviewed by the courts. The following section
IS also a part of the acts:
Section 2. No such policy shall be so issued or delivered (i) unless the entire
money and other considerations therefor are expressed in the policy; nor (2) unleo
the time at which the insurance thereunder takes effect and terminates is stated in a
portion of the policy preceding its execution by the insurer; nor (3) unless every pnnted
portion thereof and of any endorsements or attached papers shall be plainly printed
in type of which the face shall be not smaller than ten point; nor (4) unless a brief
description thereof be printed on its first page, and on its filing back in type of wfaidi
the face shall be not smaller than fourteen point; nor (5) unless the exceptions of the
policy be printed with the same prominence as the benefits, to which they apply,
provided, however, that any portion of such policy which purports, by reason <n the
circumstances under which a loss is inciured, to reduce any indemnity promised thcrrao
to an amount less than that provided for the same loss occurring under ordinary cir-
cumstances, shall be printed in boldface type and with greater prominence than any
other portion of the text of the ix>licy.
POLICYHOLDERS NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Organized 1919. Guy C. Barton,
president; S. H. Witmer, vice-president; H. O. Chapman, secretar>'
and treasurer; W. B. Young, actuary; S. A, Donahoe, M.D., medical
director. F*ormerly Policyholders Life Insurance Company.
POSTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, New York, N. Y.
Organized in 1905 as the " Life Insurance Club of New York"; cor-
porate title changed to its present name in 1906; capital, $100,000.
Life and Casualty Section 403
William R. Malone, president; W. S. Russell, vice-presideiit; Wes-
ley Sisson, secretary; J. 6.. Wyckoff, treasurer; C. W. Jackson, actuary.
(511 Fifth Avenue.)
PRAIRIE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Neb.
Organized 191 3; capital, Si 00,000. W. R. McGrew, president and
mraical director; T. W. Blackburn, vice-president; L. R. Thomburg,
vice-president; M. J. Flynn, treasurer, H. L. McGrew, secretary.
PREFERRED ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY dL
New York. Organized in 1893; capital, $700,000. Kimball C. At-
wood, president; Phineas C. Lounsbury, vice-president; W. C. Potter,
secretaiy; George H. Ackerman, treasurer.
PREFERRED LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE. 701
Jackson Street, Topeka, Kansas. Organized 192 1. L. T. Hussey,
president; A. M. Catlin, S. E. Cobb, vice-presidents; W. J. Bryden,
secretary and general manager; W. J. Miller, treasurer; T. H. Erving,
superintendent of agencies.
PREFERRED RISK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Des
Moines, la. Organized 1918. J. J. Shambaugh, president; G. W.
Anderson, vice-president; W. F. Barr, secretary; George Cosson,
treasurer; Dr. F. E. Foulk, medical director.
PRESBYTERIAN MINISTERS' FUND FOR LIFE INSUR-
ANCE of Philadelphia is the oldest life insurance organization in the
United States, and was organized in 1759. Rev. Perry S. Allen,
D.D., president and actuary; M. S. Johnson, secretary; J. C. Ne£F,
treasurer; A. M. Clifford, assistant field secretary; C. R. Craig, M. D.,
medical director. Writes life, endowment, annuities and monthly
installment insurance.
If any life insurance company is entitled to a leading place among
the three hundred such companies, it is quite sure that by a vote of
the companies themselves this honor would be unanimously accorded to
the Presbyterian Ministers' Fund. This honorable achievement has
been made by its present management, which in 1021 rounded out
28 years of successful work. It should be added also that this period of
successful management of the corporation has been under the imme-
diate direction of a clergyman. Dr. Perry S. Allen, who has been its
President and Actuary during all this time, thus refuting that serious
reflection on ministers that they are poor business men. Moreover,
there is much distinction in being the oldest life insurance company
in the world, with the unique and admirable record of never having
contested a claim in all the one hundred and sixty-three years of its
history. That, like old wine, it improves with age is evidenced in the
fact that during the year 192 1 it increased its total income from $2,040,-
833 to $2,078,227, an increase over previous year of $37,394. It also
increased its payment to policy holders from $1,092,924 to 41,192,793
an increase over previous year of $99,869. It also increased its gross
assets $817,631 bringing same up to $11,819,145. Its aggregate new
404 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
insurance written for the year 1920 is $4,431,000 an increase over
previous year of $374,000.
It should be remembered, moreover, that the history of this
institution goes back to the year 171 7, receiving its charter from
"Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esquires, true and absolute pro-
prietaries and. Govemors-in-Chief of the province of Pennsylvania,
and Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex, upon Delaware, the
eleventh day of January, in the thirty-second year of the reign of
our Sovereign Lord, George the Second by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so
forth, and in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred fifty-
nine."
The Fund insures ministers of all evangelical denominations. Its
success has developed out of the most capable and efficient manage-
ment and the enthusiastic approval of its patrons. Once insured in
the Presbyterian Ministers' Fund a policy holder sticks to his contract
on account of the fine dividends paid and the low interest rate on its
policy loans, and its kindly generous treatment of its policy holders.
In 19 16 the Fund declared a special extra dividend in amount of 25%
of the regular dividend, which has been continued ever since. In
ratio of assets to the amount of insurance in force, the Fund is one of
the best life insurance companies in existence and deserves the favorable
consideration of all who are eligible to its benefits.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Birmingham,
Ala. Or^nized 1907; cash capital, $141,680. W. D. Jelks, presi-
dent; Richard W. Massey, vice-president; Ben. W. Lacy, secre-
tary; W. W. Crawford, treasurer; W. G. Harrison, medicaV director.
PROVIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY, Bismarck. No. Dak.
Organized 1916; capital, $125,000. H. H. Steele, president; C. L.
Young, vice-president and counsel; F. L. Conklin, secretary; H. B.
Beach, assistant secretary and actuary; J. L. Bell, treasurer; J. H.
Vidai, manager of agencies; W. H. Bodenstab, medical director.
PROVIDENT LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Chattanooga, Tenn. Organized 1887; reorganized as a stock
company in 19 10. Cash capital, $200,000. Robert J. Maclellan,
president; A. W. Chambliss, vice-president and general counsel;
W. C. Cartinhour, secretary; L. W. Llewellyn, treasurer; J. W.
Kirksey, assistant treasurer; M. E. LeSueur, agency manager; A. S.
Caldwell, manager life department; W. C. Stacy, agency manager life
department; J. D. Reeder, actuary; H. L. Fancher, M.D., medical
director. _
PROVIDENT LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY OF PHILa
DELPHI A, Philadelphia, Pa. Incorporated 1865; capital, paid in •^■
$2,000,000. Asa S. Wing, president; J. Barton Townsend, John Way,
M. Albert Linton, vice-presidents; Leonard C. Ashton, secretary; 1
Mathew Walker, manager of agencies; Franklin C. Morss, assistant j
Life and Casualty Section 405
•
manager of agencies; Thomas R. Hill, superintendent of agencies;
Samuel H. Troth, treasurer; David G. Alsop, actuary; Edward W.
Marshall, assistant actuary; Charles H. Willits, medical director;
Herbert Old, assistant medical director; J. Smith Hart, insurance
supervisor; W. S. Ashbrook, agency secretary.
PROVIDERS LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANYv Chicago, 111.
Organized 1915; began business 19 16; cash capital, $145,430. M. F.
Bozinch, president; J. T. Fortin, vice-president; W. S. Miroslawski,
secretary and treasurer; Charles M. Haft, general counsel.
PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA.
THE, Newark, N, J. Organized 1875. Forrest F. Dryden, president;
Richard V. Lindabury, general counsel; Edward D. Dumeld, vice-
president and associate general counsel; John K. Gore, vice-president
and actuary; Wilbur S. Johnson, vice-president and comptroller;
Edward Gray, vice-president; Edward Kanouse, vice-president;
Frederic A. Boyle, vice-president and treasurer; Willard I. Hamilton;
second vice-president and secretary.
PUBLICITY MANAGERS. A number of the more important
insurance companies have found it necessary to open advertising or
publicity departments in charge of one of the officials of the company
or a man specially employed through which that important branch
of their busmess may be more expeditiously handled. Some of these
departments have reached large proportions. The following list is
not complete but will be added to in succeeding issues of the Cyclo-
pedia. The addresses of all these are at the home offices of their respec-
tive companies:
Aetna Insiirance Company, Geo. L. Burnham, Comptroller.
Aetna Life Insurance Company, W. A. Briggs, Advertising Manager.
Berkshire Life Insurance Company, W. S. Weld, Superintendent of Agencies.
Commercial Union Assurance Co., W. W. Ellis, Publicity Manager.
Continental Fire Insurance Company of New York, Vincent L. Gallagher, Manager
Business Development Department.
Columbian National Life Insurance Co., John Buchanan, Editor and Advertising
Manager.
Equitable Life Assurance Society, A. H. Reddall, Manager .Advertising Department.
Fidelity and Deposit Co. of Maryland, W. L. Randall, Publicity Manager.
Fiieman's Fund Insurance Company, A. D. Lange, Manager Advertising Department.
General Accident Fire and Life Assurance Corporation, Ltd., Thos. C. Moore, Assistant
United States Manager.
Hartford Fire Insurance Company, John W. Longnecker, Editor and Manager Pub-
licity Department.
Home Insurance Company of New York, E. L. Sullivan, Manager Publicity Depart*
ment.
Insurance Company of North America, C. A. Palmer, Advertising Manager.
International Life Insurance Co. of St. Louis, J. L. Babler, Vice-president.
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co., Henry L. Putnam, Manager Publicity
Department.
Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Robert P. Ashley, Advertising Manager.
Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, Robert H. Williams, Assistant
Deputy Manager.
Maryland Casualty Co., H. A. Warner, Manager of Publicity.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.. Luther B. Little, Manager Publication Division.
Missouri State Life Ins. Co., Roy L. Beck, Manager Sales Service Department.
Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, Stewart Anderson, Manager Literary
Department.
406 Cyclopbdu op Insurance
New England Mutual Life Inmnooe Company, W. H. Hasard, Ph.D.,Editor and Head.
Deputment of Publicationa.
North British and Mercantile Inmianoe Co.. Channccy S. S. MOIcr, Advertidi
Manager.
Northwestern Mutual Life Inimance Company, Henry F. TyncU, tecntaiy Pnbiidty
Committee.
New Yorlc Life Insurance Company, B. M. Franklin, Superintendent of Supplies.
Ocean Acddent and Guarantee Corporation, G. William EUia, Sapcrintendent Pnb-
Udty Department.
Peoria Life Insuranoe Co., F. J. BoU, Maaacer Publicity Department.
Phoenix Assurance Company of London, W. A. Miller, Manager Publicity Depart-
ment.
Phoenix Insurance Company, E. V. Chai^in, Assistant secretary.
Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co., J. Fay Newton, Manager Publicity DMiiaB.
Preferred Accident Insurance Company, Chas. E. Ward, Manager Advertising Deiwt-
ment.
State Mutual Life Insurance Company, Stephen Ireland, Superintendent of Agendsi.
Travelers Insurance Company. J. D. Whitney, Manager Publicity Department.
PUBLIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Chicago, III. Or-
fanized 19 18; began business 1920. Louis Narowitz, president;
red H. Welsch, C. W. Kuhn, A. L. Linder and David M. Haines,
vice-presidents; T. W. Singleton, secretary; L. L. Gardner, assistant
secretary; Marshall Reagen, superintendent of agents; James H.
Blair, medical supervisor.
PUBLIC SAVINGS INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMER-
ICA, Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1909, began business 1910; capital
$144,505. Carl G. Winter, president and medical director; Ed. G.
Sourbier, vice-president; W. Scott I>eming, second vice-president;
Charles W. Folz, secretary and treasurer; W. a. Wenzel, assistant secre-
tary.
PURE PROTECTION LIFE ASSOCIATION, Cleveland,
Ohio. Oreanized 1912. Dr. G. W. Hopkins, president; O. K. Dom,
treasurer; E. S. Barnard, secretary.
PURITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Providence, R. L
Organized 1907; cai>ital, paid-in, $200,000. Charles Perry, president;
Henry D. Sharpe, vice-president; Edward H. Rathbun, second vice-
president; Clinton C. White, secretary and treasurer; E. D. Chesebro,
M.D., medical director; H. S. Redstone, actuary and assistant secre-
tary.
Q
QUICK PAYMENT OLD LINE LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Holland building, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 19 14. John C.
Seger, president; H. D. Evans and John T. Dinkins, vice-presidents;
Irwin L. Page, secretary; James H. Moore, assistant secretaiV; H. Dell
Evans, treasurer; James H. Moore, superintendent of agencies; Dr. Lee
Turley, medical director.
R
RECEIPTS FROM AND REMITTANCES TO HOME OF-
FICES OF FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES IN 1921. The
reports of the insurance departments for 1922 make the following
statement of the amounts remitted by foreign casualty companies in
this country to their home offices and their receipts from the same in
192 1 :
Amount Amount
^ «^- tent to rec'd fran
^^**"«*™* Home Home
Office OflSoe
Employers' Liability $1,008,671 $11468
European 6,so6 7i5
General Accident 182,703
Guarantee Company of North America .... 40,484 87.587
London Guarantee and Accident 845.313
Ocean Accident
Zurich General 133.352 3>4^
Total, 1931 $2,207,119 $103,230
Excess of amount sent to home office .... $2,103,889
RED MENS FRATERNAL ACCIDENT ASSOCIATION OF
AMERICA, Westfield, Mass. (See United Casualty Company.)
REGISTER LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Davenport, la.
Organized 1889. Dr. George E. Decker, president and medical direc-
tor; John H. Schaefer, vice-president; Adam E. Lit tig, secretary and
treasurer; Louis E. Knocke, assistant secretary and treasurer; Charles
Grilk, Esq., general counsel.
REINSURANCE LIFE COMPANY, Des Moines, Iowa. Orga-
nized 1918, H. B. Hawley, president; Alex Fitzhugh, vice-president;
Frank J. Haight, consulting actuary; R. M. Malpas, secretary; Dr.
Carl Stutsman, medical director; Harley H. Stipp, treasurer and
general counsel.
REINSURED, RETIRED AND FAILED INSURANCE
COMPANIES IN 1921. The following is a list of life, casualty and
miscellaneous insurance companies which ceased to do business for
various causes in 192 1.
American Life, Des Moines, la., merged with the Northern Assurance under the title of
American Life, Detroit, Mich.
Colorado Life, Denver, Col., reinsured in Western National, Cheyenne.
Great Southern Life Insurance Co., Birmingham, Ala., changed its name to Alabama
Nat. Life Ins. Co.
National Bankers, Kansas City, Mo., merged with American Bankers, Chicago.
Surety Fund Life, Minneapolis, Minn., merged with the State Life, Des Moines. la-
Life and Casualty Section 409
casualty
American Bonding and Casualty. Siooz City, receivership.
Bankers Automobile Insurance Co., Lincoln, Neb., reinsured in Union Auto Insurance
Co., Lincoln.
Delaware Surety Co., Wilmington, retired.
Delaware Trust Co., Wilminston, retired.
Farmers Live Stock. Des Moines, receiver appointed.
Lion Accident and Casualty Co., Omaha, changed name to Pyramid Mutual Accident.
Lion Bonding and Surety Co., Omaha, liquidation.
Michigan Mutual Plate Glass, Battle Creek, changed its name to National Mutual
Plate Glass.
Mid-West Live Stock, Quincy, 111., receiver appointed.
National Bonding and Insurance Co., changed its name to Inter-Ocean Reinsurance Co.
National Live Stock Co., Des Moines, retired.
Spokane Title Insurance Co., Spokane, Wash., retired.
Nebraska Live Stock. Omaha, dianged its name to Nebraska Live Stock Insurance and
Indemnity Co.
New York Motorists Mut. Casualty Co.. changed its name to United States Mutual
Automobile Cas. Co.
Trust Company of St. Louis County, Clayton, Mo., retired.
The following reciprocal and mutual associations retired in 192 1.
American Automobile Indemnity Exchange, Chicago.
American Indemnity Exchange, Los Angeles. Receiver.
Arizona Mutual Auto Insurance Company, Phoenix. Reinsured.
Automobile Insurance Association of America, Minneapolis. Receiver.
Automobile Insurance Association. Jacksonville, III. Reinsured.
Auto Protective Association, Indianapolis. Reinsured.
Bankers Auto Insurance Association, Chicago. Reinsured .
Central Automobile Insurance Exchange, Newark, 111. Failed.
Central Casualty Underwriters, Chicago. Receiver.
Coal Operators Mutual of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh. Liquidating.
Columbian Automobile Underwriters, Peoria, 111.
Crescent Auto Protective Association, Mattoon, 111. Reinsured.
Employers Mutual Insurance and Service Coo^Mtny, Baltimore. Receiver.
Farmers and Merchants Auto Inter-Insurance Exchange. Chicago. Failed.
Globe Auto Insurance Exchange, Rock Island. Ceased business.
Home Automobile Indemnity Association, Decatur, 111. Reinsured.
Home Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., Cameron, Mo. Receiver.
Hudson Motor Indemnity Exchange, Chicago. Receiver.
Illinois Plate Glass I nsurance Ass. , Chicago. Receiver.
Independent Motor Underwriters, Chicago. Failed.
Indiana Coal Operators Reciprocal Ass., Indianapolis. Reinsured.
Indiana Employers Reciprocal Ass., Indianapolis. Reinsured.
Industrial Redpfx>cal Exchange, Aurora. 111. Ceased business.
Kentucky Employers Reciprocal Ass.. Frankfort. Reinsured.
La Salle Auto Insurance Ass., Ottawa. 111. Failed.
Lincoln Mutual Casualty Co., Springneld, HI. Reinsured.
Mercantile Motor Insurance Exchange, Chicago. Reinsured.
Mercantile Plate Glass Ins. Exchange, Chicago. Reinsured.
Michigan Automobile Ins. Exchange, Grand Rapids. Failed.
Millers Indemnity Underwriters, Dallas. Reinsured.
Monroe Automobile Ass., Waterloo. 111. Reinsured.
Motor Car Indemnity Exchange, Chicago. Merger.
Motor Car Underwriters. New Jersey. Receiver.
Mutual Automobile Casualty Company of America, Oklahoma City. Reinsured.
National Automobile Service Association, Philadelphia. Ceased business.
National Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., Bay City, Mich. Reinsured.
OUahoma Employers Mutual Ins. Co., Okmulgee. Okla. Reinsured.
Prairie State Auto Ins. Ass., Duquoin, 111. Receiver.
Preferred Auto Owners Indemnity Exchange. Chicago. Ceased business.
Reliable Motor Indemnity Association, Freeport, 111. Ceased business.
Rockford Motor Ins., Exchange, Rockford, 111. Reinsured.
Security Auto Insurance Ass., Aurora, 111. Receiver.
Security Auto Mutual, Youngstown, Ohio. Reinsured.
Standard Automobile Insurance Ass., Springfield, 111. Converted into a mutual.
States Automobile Ins. Ass., Beardstown, 111. Reinsured.
410 Cyclopedia of Insurance
State Mutual Liability Ins. Co.. Newark, N. J. Receiver.
United Farmers Auto Association, Decatur, 111. Ceased busii
United States Mutual Automobile Casualty Co.. New York. In Uquidatioa by New
York Insurance Department.
United States Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., Bay City. Mich. ReoeiirerBliip.
RELIABLE LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, St. Louis, Mo. Organized 192 1; cash capital, $80,000. B. L.
Tatman, president; A. A. Jekei, secretary.
RELIABLE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, New Orleans.
La. ^ Organized 1915; paid in capital, $25,000 Qndustrial business)
Louis Hufft, president; S. J. Holzenthal, John Hoth, vice-presidents;
Arthur Peters, treasurer; A. U. St. Pasteur, secretary; C. F. Helmecke,
J. D., consulting actuary.
RELIANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTS-
BURGH, Pa. Organized, 1903; capiul, $1,000,000; J. H. Reed,
president; A. E. Braun, vice-president; H. G. Scott, vice-president
and secretary; E. G. McCormack, general manager; G. C. Moore,
treasurer; Angus Allmond and W. L. Wilhoite, superintendents of
agencies; O. M. Eakins, M. D., medical director; W. W. Hobson,
M. p., Albert A. Wagner, M. D., assistant medical directors; J. N.
Jamison, assistant secretary and actuary; T. J. McKenna, Jr., L. P.
Gregory, assistant secretaries; W. J. Snodgrass, assistant treasurer;
Millard Keys, assistant actuary.
REPUBLIC CASUALTY COMPANY, 232 Fourth Ave., Pitts-
burgh, Pa. Organized 1914; capital $750,000. The company was
incorporated under Ohio laws, but reincorporated under Pennsylvania
laws m 1916. S. C. Martin, president; W. H. Robinson, H. C. Silliman,
and H. W. Neely, vice-presidents; J. H. Silliman, secretary and man-
aging underwriter; B. L. White, assistant secretary.
REPUBLIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Flynn Building.
Des Moines, Iowa. Organized 1919. M. B. Alldridge, president;
M. B. RuflFcorn, vice-president; J. E. Kick, secretary and treasurer;
F. I. McGraw, actuary.
RESERVE HEALTH AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COM-
PANY, III East Sixth Ave., Topeka, Kansas. W. H. Conry, presi-
dent; J. P. Slaughter, vice-president; W. H. Wasson, secretary and
manager; P. W. Griggs, treasurer; J. L. Allen, superintendent of agen-
cies.
RESERVES IN LIFE INSURANCE — WHY THEY ARE
NECESSARY.* The word " Reserves " as used in life insurance is
apt to be misleading, because it has a different meaning in connection
with banking. In a bank the reserve is not a fund to meet the de-
posits, but is an additional guarantee to depositors. It is therefore
in the nature of surplus. In life insurance, however, the reserve is
*By Arthur Hunter. Actuary New York Life Itwunooe Compttay.
Life and Casualty Section 411
the fund which is necessary to meet the obligations as they accrue.
The necessity for the mathematical reserve may be seen from the fol-
lowing simple explanation:
if the policyholders were to pay annually their actual share of
the death losses according to theu* attained age, there would be no
necessity for a reserve at the end of each policy year. This may be
r^idily seen by considering that the company experiences the Ameri-
can Table. of Mortality, and that each person is called upon to pay the
death rate per thousand dollars on that table. If a man were thirty-
five years of age, he would pay $8.95; if forty-five, $11.16; if fifty-
five, $18.57; ^ sixty-five, $40.13; if seventy-five, $94.37 per thousand.
The rapid increase in rate suggests that it is not to the advantage of
persons to take their insurance in this way because the older the age
the greater the cost. This is the reverse of the natural condition,
where the heavier cost should be paid during the producing years.
In Whole Life Policies, therefore, a level premium is charged which
is an equivalent of the gradually increasing rate. For example, at
age thirty-five the premium, without margin for expenses, for a whole
Life Policy on the basis of the American Table of Mortality with
3H% interest, is $19.91, which is greater than the death rate per
thousand under the American Table up to age fifty-seven. If the cal-
culations are mathematically correct, a group of men who paid the
Ordinary Life premium would in the end be m the same position as
a group of men who paid the annual or increasing premium, taking
account of compound interest. In order to accomplish this result,
the excess premiums in the early policy years must be accumulated
with interest to meet the time when the actual cost of the insurance
is less than the level premium. The reserve is the guarantee that the
company can, in spite of the insufficient premiums of the later years,
meet the heavier death losses at the older ages.
The necessity of carrying a reserve under Ordinary Life policies
may be looked at from another standpoint. Before the policy is is-
sued the value of the benefit granted by the company must be equal
to the value of the obli^tion assumed by the policyholder, leaving
out of account all questions of expenses, and dealing with the mat-
ter solely from the mathematical standpoint. If that were not so,
then the company is giving too much benefit for the premium, or is
charging the insured too large a premium for the benefit. One year
alter the policy is issued, the liability of the company, which is, to
pay the sum insured, must be larger than at the date of issue, because
the insured is older and nearer the time when death will occur. On
the other hand, the value of the obligation of the insured, which is,
to pay the premiums, is smaller than at the date of issue because he
is one year older and less premiums will be received in the future.
The difference between the obligation of the company and that of the
insured increases with advancing age, and represents the reserve.
The method of looking at the reserve as an accumulation of over
payments is called the retrospective method because, in order to cal-
culate the reserve on any particular policy, we consider the excess of
premiums paid over the cost, plus accumulated interest. When we
412 Cyclopedia or Insurance
kx>k towards the future to determine the value of the company's lia*
bility for death benefits and of the insured's liability for payment of
premiums, it is called the prospective method, and was described in
the preceding paragraph.
Under Limited Payment Life policies the excess premium is paid
for the privilege of discontinuing premium payments at the end of
a stated number of years. These excess premiums must be care-
fully invested at interest so that the reserve after all premiums are
paid will be equal to the mathematical single premium which the
company must have in hand to pay all future aeath losses without
further payment of premium. Under an Endowment insurance the
reserve must consist of a sum which would be sufficient to meet the
death loss and accumulate an amount equal to the face of the policy
in event of the insured being alive at the end of a stated number of
years.
Demonstration op Reserve. An illustration of the reserve
calls for a lenp^thy table unless an advanced age is taken. At age
ninety the limit of the American table is reached in six years, but a
demonstration at such an age must be considered from the theoret-
ical standpoint, as life insurance companies do not generally issue
policies above age sixty-five. It should be understood that while all
the lives are supposed to die under the American Table at age ninety-
six, the experience of the companies in recent years has shown instances
of persons living beyond that age. The u)llowing table gives the
number living out of 100,000 persons who entered at age ten, the num-
ber dying being given at each age from ninety to ninety-five.
Number
Number
Age
Living
Dying
90
847
385
91
46a
246
92
216
137
93
79
S8
94
21
t8
95
3
3
The premium for the Whole Life Insurance is $502.68 per thou-
sand. The following is a financial exhibit of the transaction, allowing
interest at 3%, and leaving out of account the question of expense.
Death
Reserve
Vge
Premiums
Interest
Losses
Reserve
Per Policy
90
$425,770
$ia.773
S385.000
$53,543
$zi6
91
232.238
8.573
246.000
48.354
224
92
108.579
4.708
137.000
24.641
3"
93
39.71a
1.931
58,000
8.284
394
94
10,556
565
18,000
1,40s
468
95
x,So8
87
3,000
Z,000
$8x8.363 $38,637 $847,000
The initial figure of $425,770 is obtained by multiplyinp: the
premium of $502.68 by the number of persons living at age mnety,
who are each assumed to pay a premium for $1,000 insurance. In-
terest for a year at 3% is $12,773, which, added to the premium, leaves
available the sum of $438,543, out of which is paid the death losses
Life and Casualty Section 413
at the end of the year, of $385,000; i.e., $1,000 on 385 persons who
die between ages ninety and ninety-one. The balance of $53t543 is
the total reserve, which divided by the number of persons living at
the end of the year, 462, gives the reserve per thousand of $116.
As will now be shown, the reserve of $53,543 is needed to meet
the future liability and is not surplus.
Reserve fand at end of first year $S3f543
Premiums received from 462 persons .... 232.338
Fund in hand at beginning of second year $285,781
Interest for one year at 3 % • . 8>573
$294,354
Deduct death losses on 246 persons .... 246.000
Reserve fund at end of second year .... $48,354
As there are 216 policies remaining in force at the end of the year
the reserve per thousand would be $224.
Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the sum of the sec-
ond year's premiums and the second year's interest is not sufficient to
pay the year's death losses, and, accordingly, the company has to draw
from the reserve fund to the extent of about $5,000.
By inspecting the table already given, it will be seen that the
premiums for the third, fourth and mth years, and interest for the
same years are less than the death losses. For example, during the
third policy year the premiums and interest amount to $113,287,
while the death losses amount to $137,000, thus creating a deficit of
about $24,000.
It should be noted that while the reserve held by the company
decreases, the reserve per policy or per thousand increases, because
there are fewer persons to share in this reserve.
The death losses for the three men who die before attaining age
ninety-six are exactly met from the reserve in hand at the end of the
preceding year, the premiums paid at the beginning of the year and
the interest thereon, so that when the death losses are paid to those
who enter age ninety-five, but do not attain age ninety-six, the fund
is exhausted.
Three facts are brought out clearly from the foregoing demon-
stration: first, that the reserve is necessary to carry the contract to
completion; second, that the reserve is an obligation of the com-
pany and is not of the nature of surplus; third, that the reserve is drawn
upon to meet death losses when the level premium is insufficient in
the later years of the policy.
RESERVE LOAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Indian-
apolis, Ind. Organized 1897, capital, paid in, $100,000. Chalmers
Brown, president; W. R. zulich, vice-president and treasurer; E. A.
Bellis, vice-president; G. L. Stayman, secretary and actuary; Guil-
ford A. Deitch, counsel and agency director; F. L. Truitt, medical
director. (429 North Penn street.)
414 Cyclopedia op Insurance
RHODE ISLAND, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1856-
1922. The insurance department was established in 1856, and was
composed originally of a board of three commissioners. In 1863 the
law was amended making the State auditor ex officio insui^nct com-
missioner. The auditor is elected by the leg[islature annually. (See
Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for list of former officials.] Charles C. Gray,
wno had been commissioner since 1899, died in 19 16 and P. H. Wu-
hour was appointed his successor.
RHODE ISLAND LIFE UNDERWRITERS' ASSOCIATION,
was organized in April, lOii, and reorganized in February, 1913.
Officers were elected as follows: President, C. C. Blanchard; vice-
president, M. H. Stearns; secretary, B. M. Smith; treasurer, Wm. H.
Griswold. The present officers, elected in June, 192 1, are: President,
Walter S. Brokaw; vice-president, George E. Morris; secretary, L. B.
Dyer, 515 Turks Head building, Providence, R. I.; treasurer, H. C.
Sherman, Jr.
RIDGELY PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, THE. 18 Franklin
St., Worcester, Mass. Organized 1894. ^ capital, $100,000. Austin A.
Heath, president; Melville F. Heath, vice-president; James P. Gray,
secretary and superintendent of agencies; Volney L. Heath, treasurer.
ROCKFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Rockford, 111.
Organized 1910; capital, $175,000. P. A. Peterson, president; W. C.
Free, vice-president; F. L. Brown, vice-president and secretary;
R. Hanson, assistant secretary; H. S. Burpee, treasurer; A. P. Flobeig,
assistant treasurer; Dr. John E. Tuite, medical director; E. D. Rey-
nolds, counsel.
ROMAN STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Manistee, Mich. Organized, 1912; capital $100,000. Robert Y. Spier,
president; William Lloyd and Fred C. Wetmore, vice-presidents;
David E. Cole, secretary; Frank W. White, treasurer.
ROYAL INDEMNITY COMPANY, 84 William Street, New
York. Organized in 1910. Capital, $1,000,000. Charles H. Holland,
president; Milford E. Jewett, first vice-president; Edwin D. Living-
ston and F. J. O'Neill, vice-presidents; James Morrison, secretary.
ROYAL UNION MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Des Moines, la. Chartered 1886. Frank D. lackson, president;
Sidney A. Foster, vice-president and secretary; N. M. Hubbard, Jr.,
vice-president and counsel; Carl B. Pray, vice-preaident and treasurer;
James Taggart Priestley, vice-president and medical director.
s
SAFETY FIRST INSURANCE COMPANY, Oklahoma City,
Okku A. L. Welch, president and manap;er; J. G. Watkins, Jr., secie*
tary and treasurer; J. M. Alford, medical director; T. J. McComb,
actuary. The company was organized as the Oklahoma Life and
Casualty Company, re-insured the business of the Safety First Health
and Accident Insurance Company, and adopted the present title
in 193 1. Health and accident insurance.
SAN JACINTO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Beaumont,
Tex. Organised and began business in 191^; cash capital, $200,000.00.
H. M. Hargrove, president; W. H. Stark, vice-president; C. H. Moore,
vice-president; I. R. Bords^ies, vice-president; J. S. Edwards, secre-
tary; B. R. Norvell, treasurer; Dr. D. S. Wier, medical director;
Chas. H. Stroeck, assistant treasurer; George A. Walls, and C. A
Riggs, assistant secretaries; Dr. J. H. Reagan, associate medical
director; Dr. H. C. Bailiff, assistant medical director; J. F. Gilbert,
agency director.
SCRANTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Scranton, Pa.
Organized 1907; capital, $340,000 James S. McAnulty, president;
W. -P. Stevens and Alfred E. Connell, vice-pres'dents; William E.
Napier, secretary; Robert Merriman, actuary; E. W. Evans, assistant
secretary; M. F. Larkin, treasurer; J. F. Lavis, assistant treasurer;
G. G. Lindsay, M.D., medical director: H. V. Cotton and G. W.
Swain, assistant superintendents of agencies.
SECURITY LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY. Greensboro,
N. C. Organized 1920; cash capital $150,000. George A. Grimsley,
president; C. C. Taylor, vice-president and general manager; W. T.
Grimsley, secretary and treasurer.
SECURITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,
Richmond, Va., headquarters, Chicago, 111. Organized 1902; cash
capital, $220,000. O. W. Johnson, president and treasurer; S. W.
Goss, vice-president and manager of agencies; J. C. Seitz, secretary
and actuary; I. E. Hoffman, medical director; F. W. Bull, general
counsel. (209 South La Salle St.)
SECURITY MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, 3236 South
Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. Organized 19 13. Edwin L. Ward,
president; George L. Mallery, vice-president; W. W. Sherman,
treasurer; Henry Veeder, secretary.
SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Binghamton, N. Y. Organized 1886. David S. Dickenson, presi*
dent; Albert B. Howe, vice-president ; C. A. La Due, secretary; Z.Ben-
416 Cyclopedia of Insirance
nett PhelpSp treasurer; C. H. Jackson, superintendent of agencies;
F. C. Goodnough and Walter Thompson, assistant secretaries; F. R.
Brunner, actuary; H. D. Hinman, general counsel; R. L. Lounsbury;
M.D., medical director; J. L. Gregory, attorney; Levi Hoag and L.
Mable, assistant superintendents of agencies; L. Morse, assistant
actuary; A. E. Smith, comptroller.
SECURITY MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Lincoln, Neb. Organized 1895. E. B. Stephenson, president; L. J.
Dunn, vice-president and treasurer; M. A. Hyde, assistant secretary;
H. B. Miller, M. D., medical director; VV. A. Lindly, consulting actuary;
A. G. Gabriel, actuary.
SHENANDOAH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Roanoke,
Va. Organized 1^16; cash capital, $500,000. R. H. Angell, president;
E. Lee Trinkle, vice-president; E. D. Newman, second vice-president;
W. F. Macallister, manager of agencies; W. L. Andrews, secretary and
treasurer; F. C. Collings, assistant secretary and assistant treasurer;
Dr. J. H. Dunkley, medical director; Louis St. J. Thomas, auditor.
SIOUX CITY LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION,
Sioux City, la. Organized in June, 1915, with the following officers:
President, T. B. Hutton; vice-president, W. M. McKercher; second
vice-president, W. N. Grady ; secretary, A. E. Payton ; treasurer,
C. H. Ross. The present. officers, elected in June 1922, are: President,
Charles A. Smith, Central Life of Iowa; vice-presidcfnt, M. Q. Frye,
Metropolitan Life; secretary, F A. Tennant, Penn Mutual Life, .613
Davidson Blo{;k, Sioux City, la.; treasurer, Thomas A. Johnson,
Guardian Life.
SOUTH CAROLINA, SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN,
1 876-1922. In South Carolina the comptroller-general was charged
with limited duties of insurance supervision up to 1908. The legis-
lature of 1908 established a separate insurance department, with the
official in charge designated as insurance commissioner. The term
of office is two years. F. H. McMaster was appointed commissioner
under the act, and served until 1918, when he was succeeded by W. A.
McSwain who resigned in 1 921 and was succeeded by John J. Mc-
Mahan. (For list of earlier officials see Cyclof)edia for 191 3- 14).
SOUTH DAKOTA, SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN,
1 889- 1922. After the state was organized the state auditor was
charged with the duties of insurance supervision. The state l^is-
lature of 1897 established a department of insurance with an official
in charge styled commissioner of insurance. His term is for two
years. [For list of earlier officials see Cyclopedia for 1913-14.)
M. Harry O'Brien was appointed in 1915, and W. N. Van Camp
is the present commissioner appointed in 1917 and re-appointed in 1921.
SOUTHEASTERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Greenville.
S. C. Organized 1905; capital, paid in, $100,000. T. Oregon Lawton.
president; F. A. Lawton, vice-president; Dr. C. C. Geer, vice-presi-
LiFB AND CilSUALTY SECTION 417
dent and medical director; W. W. Mason, secretary; Miss R. L.
Bryant, treasurer; C. W. Estes, vice-president and superintendent of
agents.
SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA, INC. 527 North
Second street, Richmond, Va. Organized 1803; capital $30,000. Jas.
T. Carter, president and attorney; Edwarcl Stewart, vice-president:
B. A. Cephas, second vice-president; A. Washington, third vice-
president; W. E. Baker, treasurer; B. L. Jordan, secretary and mana-
ger; W. A. Jordan, assistant secretary and manager.
SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL INSURER'S CONFERENCE,
an assodation of southern casualty companies writing industrial, health
and accident insurance, was organized at Atlanta, Ga., in December,
19 10. Officers were elected as follows: President, M. D. Johnson,
Jacksonville, Fla.; vice-president, H. F. Huffaker, Chattanooga,
Tenn.; secretary, C. J. Goodman, Jackson, Tenn.; treasurer, C. A.
Laneford, Savannah, Ga. The Conference was organized as the
Southern Casualty and Surety Conference, and adopted the present
title in 1917.
The following was the company membership at the last annual
meeting:
Bankers Health and Life, Macon. Ga.; Capital City Benefit Society, Waahlngton,
D. C; Carolina Life, Columbia, S. C; Citizens Life Insurance Company, New Orleans,
La.; Continental Life, Washington, D. Cj Durham Life, Raleigh, N. C; Empire
Health and Accident, Indianapolis, Ind.: Gulf Life and Accident, Jacksonville, Fla.;
Home Beneficial Association, Richmond, Va.; Home Security, Durham, N. C; Imper-
ial Life Insurance Company, Asheville, N. C; Industrial Life and Health, Atlanta, Ga.;
Interstate Life and Accident. Louisville, Ky.; Inter-Ocean Casualty, Cincinnati, Ohio;
Kentucky Central Life and Accident, Anchorage, Ky.; McGlawn Association Agencies
of American National Insurance Comi>any, Atlanta, Ga.; Life and Casualty, Nashville,
Tenn.; Missouri Life and Accident, St. Louis. Mo.; Mutual, Richmond, Va.; National
Lifeand Accident, Nashville, Tenn.; Peninsular Casualty, Jacksonville, Fla.; People's
Mutual Benefit, Washington, D. C; Provident Life and Accident, Chattanooga Tenn.;
Reliable Life and Accident, St. Louis, Mo.; Southern Life and Health. Birmingham.
Ala.; Washington Life and Accident, Chicago, III.
The twelfth annual meeting was held in Birmingham, Ala.,
October 20 and 21, 192 1, with President Estes presiding. Reports
were presented by committees and the secretary-treasurer in which
the work of the year and affairs of the Conference were reviewed.
The addresses and papers were as follows : Address of the president,
P. M. E^tes, Life and Casualty Insurance Company, Nashville, Tenn.;
"Is a Reliable Sickness Experience Table Necessary?" J. R. Leal,
Interstate Life and Accident, Chattanooga, Tenn.; "Sickness Experi-
ence of the Life and Casualty Insurance Company." F. M. Philhppi,
Life and Casualty, Nashville, Tenn.; "Some Departmental Difficulties
with Industrial Business" A. W. Briscoe, Insurance Commissioner of
Alabama; "Financial Condition of the South" T. O. Smith, Birming-
ham Trust and Savings Company; "My Brother's Keeping" Chauncey
S. S. Miller, North British and Mercantile, New York City; "Public
Health" Dr. S. W. Blasingame, Department of Health of Alabama;
"The Provident Plan of Accounting" W. R. Lathrop, Southern Life
and Health, Birmingham, Ala.; "Agents" C. P. Orr, Southern Life and
418 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Health, Birmingham, Ala.; "The Forgotten Man" Dr. J. R. Harris,
National Reform Association.
Officers were elected as follows: President, I. S. D. Sauls, Conti-
nental Life, Washington, D. C. ; vice-president, B. L. Tatman, Reliable
Life and Accident, St. Louis, Mo.; secretary and treasurer, E. T. Burr,
Durham Life, Raleigh, N. C.; executive committee, W. R. Lathrop,
Southern Life and Health, Birmingham, Ala.; R. H. Dobbs, Industrial
Life and Health, Atlanta, Ga.; Chas. E. Clark, Peninsular Casualty,
Jacksonville, Fla. ; C. A. Craig, National Life and Accident, Nashville,
Tenn.; P. M. Estes, Life and Casualty, Nashville, Tenn.; G. R. Ken-
dall, Washington Life and Accident, Chicago, 111.; A. B. Langley,
Carolina Life, Columbia, S. C. .
The Spring meeting of the Conference was held at Cincinnati,
Ohio, May lo and ii, 1922. President I. S. D. Sauls presided and
reports from committees and officers were presented.
Addresses delivered and papers presented were as follows: Address
of the President, I. S. D. Sauls, Continental Life, Washington, D. C;
"Need of Uniform Insurance Laws'* B. W. Gearheart, Insurance Com-
missioner of Ohio; "Changes in Methods of Selecting Ordinary Risks"
Dr. J. W. Johnson, Interstate Life and Accident, Chattanooga, Tenn.;
"Relationship of the Southern Industrial Insurers' and the Health and
Accident Underwriters Conference" W. R. Sanders, Health and Acci-
dent Underwriters Conference. "Why Are We Here!" George R.
Kendall, Washington Life and Accident, Chicago, 111.; "The Q)ldea
Rule in Business Arthur Nash, Nash Clothing Company, Cincinnati,
Ohio; "Destruction of Useless Files and Papers" P. M. Estes, Life and
Casualty, Nashville, Tenn.; "Statistics" J. R. Leal, Interstate Life
and Accident Chattanooga, Tenn.; "Business Conditions" T. J. Davis,
First National Bank, Cmcinnati, Ohio; "Building a Life Insurance
Company" John D. Sage, Union Central Life, Cincinnati, Ohio.;
"Some Aspects of Public Health Work" Dr. Otto P. Geier, Cincinnati,
O.; "The Agency Force" Allan Dunkerly, Life and Casualty, Nash-
ville, Tenn.; "Industrial Life Production" S. B. Coley, Durham Life
Raleigh, N. C; "Branch Office Accounting" C. A. Craig, National
Life and Accident, Nashville, Tenn.; "Producing Ordinary Life Insur-
ance with Industrial Agents" Maxwell D. Schriber, Western and
Southern, Cincinnati, O.
SOUTHERN INSURANCE COMPANY, Nashville, Tenn.
Organized i;^oo. Frank M. Searight, president; A. R. King, vice-
president; Charles I. Stephens, secretary; Milton E. Ridley, super-
mtendent of agents and managing underwriter; Emmet T. Hall,
actuary.
SOUTHERN LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Birmingham, Ala. Organized 1890 as the Southern Mutual
Aid Association; reor^nized 190B and the present name adopted in
191 7. C. P. Orr, president; W. R. Lathrop, secretary and treasurer.
SOUTHERN LIFE AND TRUST COMPANY, Greensboro, N.
C. Organized 1890; capital, $1,000,000. A. W. McAlister, president,
R. G. Vaughn, first vice-president and treasurer; A. M. Scales, second
Life and Casualty Section 419
vice-president and general counsel; H. B. Gunter, third vice-president
and agency manager; Arthur Watt, secretary; T. D. Blair, assistant
secretary and assistant agency manager; F. Edgar Cann, actuary.
SOUTHERN STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF
ALABAMA, executive offices, Atlanta, Ga. Orninized 1906; capi-
tal, $100,000. Wilmer L. Moore, president; Mell R. Wilkinson, vice-
president; Lewis H. Beck, second vice-president; William R. Halliday,
vice-president and actuary; Robert F. Moore, secretary; A. H, Ram-
say, treasurer; C. E. Waits, medical director; Wilfred S. McLeod,
agency director; A. J. Orme, counsel; W. A. Lockridge, assistant
secretary.
SOUTHERN SURETY COMPANY, Des Moines, la. Organ-
ized 1907; capital, $1,000,000. C. S. Cobb, president; J. H. Huckle-
berry, first vice-president; F. A. Ungles, vice-president; E. G. Davis,
secretary; Roy Armstrong, treasurer.
SOUTHERN UNION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Waco,
Tex. Organized 1909. J. L. Mistrot, president; Tom W. Poynor,
vice-president and agency director; E. R. Nash, Sr., and George W.
Cole, Jr., vice-presidents; J. H. Barker, secretary and treasurer;
Andrew Sigtenhorst, actuary.
SOUTHLAND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Dallas. Tex.
Organized 1909; paid-in capital, $300,000. Harry L. Seay, president;
Lawrence M. Cathles, vice-president and actuary; Clarence E. Linz,
vice-president and treasurer; P. N. Thevenet, secretary; John S.
Turner, medical director; J. T. Montgomery, medical director.
SOUTH TEXAS LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION.
Organized at Houston, Tex., in March, 19 15. Officers were elected
as follows: President, C. W. Nelson, Southland Life; vice-president,
Guy McLaughlin, Franklin Life; secretary and treasurer, W. R. Ellis,
Volunteer State Life. The present officers elected in January, 1922,
are: President, Joseph N. Minton; vice-presidents, M. H. Davis and
J. S. Smith; secretary and treasurer, W. F. Haver, Pearce and Wool-
worth Building.
SOUTHWESTERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of Dallas,
Tex. Organized 1903; capital, $750,000. T. W. Vardell, president;
T. L. Bradford, vice-president; V. K. Mather, secretary; Whitfield
Harral, M. D., medical director; Everett G. Brown, actuary.
SPRINKLER INSURANCE IN 1921. Sprinkler insurance
covers loss or damage caused by the accidental discharge or leakage
of water from automatic sprinklers installed in factories and other
buildings. The business is specifically written by two casualty com-
panies, and fire insurance companies write this class of business under
a distinct policy, covering this loss only. The following is a state*
420 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ment of the business of casualty companies in 192 1. (See also Sprinkler
Leakage Insurance fire section.)
Net Premiams Net LoMei
Written Plaid
Aetna Casualty $410,987 $a74*3a6
Maryland Casualty 36a,375 310,447
Total 1921 $673^6a $S«4»773
Total 1920 943.163 S33.537
Total X9I9 529.947 178,833
STANDARD ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY of Detroit,
Mich. Organized 188^; capital, $1,500,000. Lem W. Bowen, presi-
dent; J. S. Heaton, vice-president and treasurer; J. H. Thorn, vice-
president; Charles C. Bowen, secretary.
STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA.
Pittsburgh, Pa. On^nized 1910; capital, $356,0^5. John C. Hill,
president; H. M. Cribbs, vice-president and chairman of executive
committee; Wm. R. Jarvis, vice-president; Elgin A. Hill, secretary and
treasurer; Dr. W. F. Donaldson, medical director; H. W. Crawford,
assistant secretary and manager accident department.
STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St. LouU, Mo.
Organized 1914. J. R. Paisley, president; W. K. Whitfield, vice-
president and general counsel; kdward G. Rolwing and F. J. Uehling,
vice-presidents; H. H. Nottelmann, secretary; Geoive L. Tipton,
treasurer; T. C. Rafferty, actuary; Frank Simons, M.U., medical di-
rector.
STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Atlanta, Ga.
Organized 191 1; capital, $125,000. Heman E. Perry, president;
A. L. Lewis, T. H. Hayes, N. B. Young, vice-presidents; J. A. Robinson,
secretary; R. L. Isaacs, treasurer; C. A. Shaw and C. E. Arnold,
assistant secretaries; C. C. Cater, M. D., medical director; W. H.
King, director of agencies; George D. Eidridge, actuary.
STAR LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore, Md. Or-
ganized 1908; cash capital, $40,000. George W. Miller, president;
Ezra C. Miller, secretary and treasurer.
STATE INSURANCE FEDERATIONS. The first insurance
federation was organized in Indiana in 19 12, and the movement has
since spread into other states, and a national council has been organized
known as the Insurance Federation of America, Inc. The purposes of
the organizations are principally educational and protective; the
Indiana Federation stating in its constitution that its purpose was to
"unite in one great fraternal co-op>erative and protective association,"
all men engaged in the business of insurance. The following is a list of
state organizations.
Alabama — Organized May, 1916. T. H. Garden, secretary , 409 Empire building,
Birmingham.
Arizona — Organized 19 16. Melville P. Fickas, secretary, Phoenix.
Arkansas — Organized May 1916. Mae Anderson, secretary. Little Rock.
Life and Casualty Section 421
California. Organized April. 1916. Officers, elected in May. 19a x: President,
J. B. Levison. San Francisco; vice-presidents, I. O. Levy, David Duncan, G. W.
Cartwright, L. S. Hotchkiss; treasurer, E^win Parrish, San FVancisco; secretary,
James^. Ryan. San Francisco, 813 Insurance Exchange Building.
Colorado — Organized 1916. Thomas F. Aspell, secretary, 1447 Tremont St.,
Denver.
Florida — Organized May, 1916. Officers: President. Curtis M. Lowe. Jack-
sonville; secretary and treasurer, W. Malcolm McCrory, a8 Julia St., Jacksonville.
Georgia — Organized May 1916. Fair Dodd, secretary, Atlanta.
Idaho — Organizedi9i6. Frank G. Ensign, Yates Building. Boise.
Illinois — Organized I9i4' Officers elected in March, 1932: President, Fred Y.
Coffin; vice-presidents; Joseph E. Callender, Chicago: John C. Harding, Chicago;
John C. Lamphir, Springfieid; Geo. D. Webb, Chicago; Charles H. Brucas, Chicago;
secretary and treasurer, Charles W. Olson, Insurance Exchange Building, Chicago.
Indiana — Organized 191a. Secretary, G. Edgar Turner, American Central
Life building, Indianapolis.
Iowa j— Organized 1914* Joel Tuttle, secretary, 715 Locust St., Des Moines.
Kansas— Organized 1914. Carl J. Peterson, secretary, 106 West Sixth Street,
Topeka.
Kentucky — T. Carter Tiller, secretary, 814 Paul Jones building, Louisville.
Louisiana — Organized March, 1916. William H. Klinesmith, secretary, New
Orleans.
Maine — Organized 191 8. H. C. Reed, secretary, Richmond.
Maryland — Richard H. Thompson, chairman, Maryland Casualty, Baltimore.
Massachusetts — Officers elected in 193 1. President, Henry A. Field, Spring-
field; vice-president, John W. Downs, Boston; treasurer, Stephen E. Barton, Boston;
executive secretary, Clarence E. Biathrow, 79 Milk Street, Boston.
Michigan — Organized 1915- T. J. Hennes, secretary, 408 West Fort St., Detroit.
Minnesota — Organized I9I4> Secretary, E. A. Sherman, 954 Plymouth build-
ing, Minneapolis.
Mississippi — Organized May, 1916. E. H. Bradshaw, secretary, Jackson.
Missouri — Organized 1910. J. W. Rudger, secretary, 43s Pierce building,
St. Louis.
Montana — Organized April, 1916. Officers: President, Homer Boswick, Butte;
vice-presidents, C. O. Price, Helena; J. B. Collins, E. E. Gwens, I. S. Eldred; secretary
and treasurer, W. F. McKee, 71 Hibour building, Butte.
Nebraska — Organized June 19 16. Harry A. Koch, secretary, First National
Bank building, Omaha.
Nevada — Organized April, 1916. A. J. Mergen, P. O. Box 191, Reno.
New Mexico — E. L. Grose, secretary. Albuquerque.
New York — Organized 1914. Officers elected October, 1920. President, Frank
M Chandler, Troy; secretary. Charles H. Willoughby; treasurer, Charles A. Forth,
Albany.
North Carolina — Organized June, 19 16. Wm. B. Merriman, secretary.
Greensboro.
North Dakota — Organized in March, 1916. Harry G. Carpenter, secretary,
Morton Page & Co., Fargo.
Ohio — Organized 1915. Leon B. Mead, secretary, Cleveland.
Oklahoma— Organized May, 1916. Secretary and treasurer, Charles Stickley,
Oklahoma City, Liberty Bank Building.
Oregon — Organized April. 1916. J. H. Bryard, secretary, 1032 Chamber of
Commerce building, Portland.
Pennsylvania — Organized 1914. Officers elected May, 1922: President,
James C. Murray, Pittsburgh; vice-presidents. S. H. Pool, Philadelphia; J. H. Barr,
Reading, N. S. Riviere. Pittsburgh; H. K. Remington, PhUadelphia; Gilbert M.
Mattson, Harrisburg; secretary, G. R. Dette, Philadelphia; treasurer, A. G. Hare,
Philadelphia.
Rhode Island — Organized October 1919. George L. Gross, secretary, Provi-
dence.
South Carolina - Organized 1916. Pierre Mazyck, Columbia, secretary.
South Dakota — Organized 1916. N. S. Tyler, secretary, Redfield.
Tennessee — Organized March, 1916. Julia Hlndman, secretary, 310 Inde-
pendent Life building, Nashville.
Texas — Organized May, 1916. Craig Bells, secretary, 304 Chronicle building,
Houston.
Utah — Organized May, 19 16. George J. Cannon, Salt Lake City.
Vermont — Organized February 1920. Secretary and treasurer, W. A. Clark
Rutland.
422 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ViKGiNiA — Onaiiiaed December, 1919. Robert Sdnefer,
Itch building, BirhmniMl.
Washington •- Orguiiaed April, 19x6. J. C. H. Rejmoldi, eecretary, 7x9 Hottao
building. Spokane.
Wist VntGOitA — Orguniaed February, 19x6. Percy R. Callahan, aeuetary.
Wheeling.
Wisconsin— Organised January, xoi6. BsecntlTe aecreCary, Mrs. M. L. Flet-
cher, 215 Brunder Bufiding, Mihvankee, wis.
Wyoming — Organised May. 19x6. Offioere; Picrident, C. W. Rlner, Cbcrenae;
•ecretary. W. F. McKer, Cheyenne.
STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Baltimore, Md.
Organized 1909; capital, $40,000. \^U]am H. Lucas, praideiit;
Oscar W. Rhodes, secretary.
STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE,
Ind. Organized 1894, and reori^nized as a 1ml reserve company in
1899. Henry W. Bennett, president; Chas. F. Coffin, vioe-prestdent
and superintendent of agents; J. I. Dissette, second vice-president;
Albert Sahm, secretary and treasurer; Charles H. Beckett, actuary.
STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF IOWA. Des Moines,
Iowa. Organized 19 19; capital, $660,900. A. C. Tucker, president
and general manager; W. L. Snyder, vice-president; William Kock,
vice-president and field manager; R. F. Lee, vice-president and agency
director; John Connelly, jr., general counsel; H. W. Hill, secretary;
Deborah Costello, treasurer; Dr. C. M. Whicker, medical director;
Wilbur M. Johnson, actuary.
STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF MONTANA,
Great Falls, Mont. Organized 1913; began business 19 14; paid in
capital, $117,500. George H. Stanton, president and ^neial coun-
sel; Dr. F. Edward Keenan, vice-president and medical director;
J. B. Taylor, Samuel Phillips, Oliver Bemier, vice-presidents; F. E.
Beaty, secretary; E. R. Crowson, assistant treasurer; F. B. Clark,
assistant secretary; Dr. F. L. Andrews, associate medical director;
Paul L. Woolston, consulting actuary. . .
STATE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY of Wor-
cester, Mass. Chartered 1844. Burton H. Wright, president; A. G.
Bullock, vice-president and chairman of the board; oeorge F. Blake,
vice-president; Chandler Bullock, vice-president and general counsel;
D. W. Carter, secretary; G. W. Mackintire, treasurer; C. R. Fitz-
gerald, actuary; Homer Gaee, M. D., medical director; Charles D.
Wheeler, M. p., Edward B. Bigelow, M. D., Merrick Lincoln, M. D.,
assistant medical directors; Stephen Ireland, superintendent of agen-
cies; Emile Landry, supervisor of applications; E. A. Denny, W. H.
Cunningham, W. T. Mitchell, assistant secretaries; Harry C. Smith,
assistant treasurer; N. P. Wood, cashier.
STATEMENTS, ANNUAL, LATEST DATES FOR FILING.
The following table exhibits the latest dates for filing ^Mitm^l state*
ments in the several states and territories. [The column headed " all
other companies " includes fire, except as noted in footnote.]
LiPB AND Casualty Section
423
State* and
Territories
Alabama ,
Arizona
Arkanias
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Diet, of Columbia .
Floridn
Georgia (c)
HnwaU
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
(4)
Kentucky
Louisiana.
Maine | Jan. 31
Maryland
Massachusetts (z)
iii/'hip>«
Minnesota (a) . . .
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire.
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina. .
North Dakote. . .
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregcm
PennsylTania ....
Rhode Island
South Carolina. .
South Dakota. . .
T
T<
Utah
Vermont ....
Virginia
Washington. .
West Virginia
Wiaoonshi. . .
Wyoming. . .
Ufe
/toscssincnt
All other
Insurance
Companies
Itisurance
Companies
Companies
March z
March z
March z
March 31
March 3z
March 31
March i
March z
March i
March i
March z
March z
March z
March z
March z
March z
March z
ftus<«
March z
March z
March z
March z
March z
Jan. 3Z
Jan. 3Z
March a
Jan. 3z
March a
March a
April Z5
April Z5
April JS
April z (/)
March z
April z
March z
April z
Feb. z
Jan.3z
March z
March z
Jan.3z
«/"'
March z
March z
March zo
March z
Feb. zo
March z
March z
March z
Jan. 3z (z)
March 3Z
March z
March 3Z
Jan. 3z (z)
March 3Z (zo)
Jan. Z5
March z
March z
Jan. IS (a)
March z
Jan. 31
Feb. Z5
Feb. zs
Feb. zs (II)
March z
Marchz
March i
March z
Feb. z
Feb. z
Feb. zs
Feb. zs
Feb. zs
March z
MaRdi\
Jan. 31
March z
March z
Feb. z (6)
Feb. 1 (/)
Feb. z (8)
Jan. 3Z
March z
March z
Mar<£ I
March z
March z
March i (la)
March z
Marchz
Marchz
Feb. (3)
Feb. (3)
Feb. (3) (10)
March z
W
Jan.3z
March z
March z
Maitdiz
March z
iSarA'i
March z
March z
March z
Jan.3Z
March 3z
March 3Z
March 31
March z
March z
March z
Feb. z
Feb. z (a)
Feb. z (s)
March z
March z
March z
Feb. a8
Feb. a8
Feb. a8
Feb. 28
Feb.a8
Feb. a8 (zi)
March 3Z (Z3)
March 3z
March z
Feb. Z5
Feb. zs
Feb. IS
March 1
March z
,an.3i
March z
,an.3i
March z
March z
March z
* Fire insurance companies only, (z) Commissioner may, on application, give
till February zs. (2) Commissioner may. for good cause, eztuid the time. (3) First
Monday in February. (4) Commissioner may extend time 60 days, (s) Surety
companies in Tennesse file statements in January, April, July, and October, showing
assets and liabilities. (6) Commissioner may extend term, but not later than March i,
and life companies may l^ve to May i to file gain and lose exhibit. (7) Fire companies
February zo. (8) Comminioner may extend term but not later than March i.
(zo) Fizv insurance companies. March z. (zz) Fire companies February z. (za)
Fire insurance comi)anies January 3Z. (z3) Fire companies February Z5«
(c) Besides filing an annual statement with the oomptroUer-genend March a*
■emi-annual statements of condition must be filed with the governor not later than
March z and August 30. Annual statements of the amounts of premiums received in
the state for the year ending April 30 must be filed on or before July z. (e) For sur-
ety companies. (/) Fraternal orders have until March z. (A) No time for filing
by this dass of companies derignatMl by law.
424
Cyclopedia of Insukancb
STEAM BOILER INSURANCE IN 1921
statement of the steam boiler business in 192 1 ;
Companiei
Aetna Casualty
American Casualty
Columbia Casualty
Employers' Liability
Fidelity & Casualty
Globe Indemnity
Hartford Accident .
Hartford Steam Boiler
Indemnity Ins. Co. of North
London Guarantee .
Manufacturers Liability
Maryland Casualty
Massachusetts Bonding
Ocean Accident
Royal Indemnity
Travelers' Indemnity
United States Fidelity
Total, 193 1
Total, igao
Total, 19 19
Total, 191 8
Total, 1917
The following is a
America
• • ■
• ■ •
• ■ • •
•
•
-
Premiums
Written
SS.779
3.454
38,337
71.023
527,611
48,186
5.943
2.605,837
30,904
151,251
1,548.113
44.569
296,759
221,952
155.293
616,969
21,311
•6,383.190
5.410,324
4,501,541
4.263,564
3.499.333
Paid
$12,084
8
27462
IIIJ46
5,921
4
249,896
302
8.845
1,311,286
55426
244,736
10,782
18.14*
73.260
71
$2,139,577
606,572
541.887
424.047
321,008
ST. JOSEPH LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. St. Joseph.
Mo. Organized 19 1 3. A. L. McPherson, president; Walter W. Head,
vice-president; H. E. McPherson, vice-president and secretary; John
W. Broaddus. treasurer; Frank B. Dilts, actuary; Ellsworth Block,
assistant secretary; Charles H. Wallace, medical director; Robert A.
Brown, counselor.
ST. LAWRENCE LIFE ASSOCIATION, 127 Duane Street.
New York, N. Y. Organized 1882. J. J. Barnsdall, president; E. E.
Meares. secretary.
ST. LOUIS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St.
Louis, Mo. F. H. Kreismann, president; Emil M. Tolkacz, vice-presi-
dent; O. J. Wilhelmi, second vice-president; J. M. Rohan, third vice-
president; Edwin J. Meyer, secretary and treasurer; Charles H. Puse,
assistant secretary; E. F. Hauck, medical director.
STRIKE INSURANCE. A new form of indemnity designed to
indemnify employers against monetary loss due to strikes. This form of
insurance is in process of development only, though it is claimed that
such indemnity has been written abroad for some years. A conipany
to be known as the "Employers Mutual Insurance and Service Com-
pany." was organized early in 1919 in Baltimore, Maryland, to promote
and develop this form of indemnity but was short lived, and was placed
in a receivers hands in 192 1. The promotors of the company, after
investigation and study, claimed to have developed rates based on
accurate strike data and a sound actuarial basis. The company's
plan provided indemnity and service — service in this connection
Life and Casualty Section 425
meaning prevention, through successful mediation. As to the indemnity
feature a circular issued by the Baltimore company said: "The par-
ticular items indemnified against are the annual fixed charges and net
profits, and legal expense of any litigation arising out of the strike.
"For example: If during the past year an expense of say $30,000
for maintenance, taxes, interest and other items properly chargeable to
fixed charges had been incurred, which expense would continue wholly or
partly if the plant were completely or partly closed, and in addition the
plant had earned a net profit of say $60,000, the possible net loss would
have been $90,000.
K'
'The company's policy would have insured this loss to the extent
of say 80 per cent or $72,000, being at the rate of $240 per diem during
the period of strike, not exceeding 300 working days, and in addition
would cover all expense of litigation growing out of such strike."
SUB-STANDARD LIVES. Sub-standard lives are those per-
sons, who for one reason or another, do not come up to the standard
set for applicants for insurance iinder the regular forms of policies
and at the regular premium rates. However, these sub-standard
lives, or under average or impaired lives, as they are commonly re-
ferred to, are insurable, and while the majority of companies decline
such lives a number of companies insure a goodly proportion of sub-
standard lives under special forms of poliaes. Mr. Arthur Hunter,
actuary of the New York Life, in an article published in ** The Annals "
of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, classified
the different types of sub-standard lives as follows:
I. Persons who are sufFerinc from a serious disease.
3. Persons who have had a history of a serious disease, or have had certain major
operations.
3. Persons with an unfavorable physical condition, including those whose blood
pressure or urine is abnormal.
4. Persons who in the past have had attacks of ailments not usually consid-
ered serious.
5. Persons who have had unfavorable personal history of ailments not of major
importance which may be liable to recur.
6. Persons whose habits as to alochol have been bad in the pest, who occa-
sionally drink to excess, who have taken a cure for alcoholism, or who drink freely
but not to the point of intoxication at the present time.
7. Persons with a short lived family history, with a family history of some
hereditary disease, or with a hereditary predisposition to a serious disease.
8. Persons whose build differs so much from the average that past experience
warrants the expecting of a higher mortality among them. This covers persons who
are overweight and those who are underweight.
9. Persons in hazardous or semi-hazardous occupations. ,
10. Persona living in unhealthy localities.
The plans under which sub-standard lives are insured differ, but
the important considerations in adopting a plan for sub-standard lives,
are that it must be equitable to sub-standard policyholders, and not
a burden on the company as a whole, and that the policy should be
attractive to the applicant and saleable. In the article by Mr. Hun-
426 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ter above quoted, he gives four plans, which are the principal ones
on which sub-standard risks are accepted, as follows:
X. A lien is impoied on the policy, thereby reducing the face of the policy ttt
death, and tuch lien is generally reducible by the premiums paid from year to year.
a. An extra premium is charged.
3. The premium is charged at an advanced age instead of at the true age.
4. The policy is placed in a special class as to surplus or dividend.
SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA, Mon-
treal, Quebec. Incorporated 1865, began business 1871. T. B. Macau-
ley, president and managing director; S. H. Ewing, vice-president;
Arthur B. Wood, actuary; Frederick G. Cope, secretary; E. A. Mac-
nutt, treasurer; James C. Tory, general manager of a^ncies; W. F.
Hamilton, M. D., consulting medical referee; C. C. Birchard, M. D.,
chief medical officer; C. S. V. Branch and E. E. Duckworth, assistant
secretaries; J. J. Cooper and J. B. Mabon, assistant actuaries; James
W. Simpson, W. A. Higinbotham, F. D. Macorquodale, superintendents
of agencies; J. A. Ewing, legal adviser; A. B. Colville, counsel; H. War-
ren K. Hale, comptroller.
SUN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, Haiti-
more, Md. Organized 1897 as the Immediate Benefit Life Insurance
Company; reorganized in March, 1916, under present title; capital,
paid in, $300,000. Moses Rothchild, president; S. Rothchild, vice-
president; Charles F. Diehl, second vice-president; S. Z. Rothschild,
third vice-president and actuary; J. H. Rosenblatt, treasurer; Felix
Rothschild, secretary; Dr. A. L. Tumbleson, medical director.
SUPREME CASUALTY COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wis. Orga-
nized 192 1 ; capital, $50,000. J. J. Tague, president; John J. Hansen,
vice-president; E. J. Coatts, secretary; W. E. Wolf, assistant secretary.
Writes accident and health insurance.
SURETY AND FIDELITY INSURANCE. This kind of in-
surance, the guaranteeing of the fidelity of employees of corpora-
tions and public officials holding places of trust, and the giving of
bonds for executors and administrators of estates, was barely trans-
acted fifteen years ago, but has had a rapid growth within a few years.
Its use has become general throughout the United States, and new
companies to do this class of business are constantly forming. The
New York State insurance department makes a distinction between
surety and fidelity insurance, and requires companies to make separate
reports of the business done in each kind. Defining it generally,
surety insurance is going on the bond with administrators and execu-
tors of estates, and fidelity insurance giving bond guaranteeing the hon-
esty of employees and public officials, and becoming pecuniarily respon-
sible therefor. (See Corporate Suretyship, this volume.)
Life and Casualty Section
427
The following tabular statement shows the premiums and losses
in 192 1 of the principal surety and fidelity companies:
Companies
Aetna Casualty
American Casualty
American Indemnity
American Surety
Columbia Casualty
Commercial Casusilty
Employers' Liability
Federal Surety, Iowa
Fidelity & Casualty
Fidelity & Deposit .
General Casualty
Georsia Casualty
Globe Indemnity
Guarantee Co. of North America
Hartford Accident . .
Indemnity Ins. Co. of N. America
Iowa Bonding ....
Kansas Casualty and Surety
London and Lancashire
Maryland Casualty
Massachusetts Bonding
National Surety
New Amsterdam
New Jersey Fidelity
Norwich Union Indemnity
Ocean Accident
^eson Surety
Preferred .....
Republic Casualty .
Royal Indemnity
Southern Surety
Union Indemnity
United States Fidelity .
Western Surety
Total, xgai
Totals, igao
Totals, 19x9
Totals, 19x8
Fidelity Insurance
Net Net
Premiums Losses
Written Paid
$823,721 $321,627
19.34^
2,995,268
33.317
6,2x6
207,473
x6,429
X. 0x9,833
2,465.586
7.376
• • •• •• ••
505.470
x66,430
706,409
206,932
27,401
52,308
50.291
54X,908
526,xox
5,909.903
6o2,55x
X.627
332.563
X50.096
6.9x1
42 X, 488
48,299
608,666
X37.680
24,271
2,446,X75
9.76s
5,5x0
X, 268 ,458
X4,75a
6s
79,50X
X,078
392,309
9x6,447
35X
X90,734
3S.x6s
278,3x1
X3.670
22,2x6
X 0,069
IX, 740
X48,6x7
IS2,X63
X. 919.524
204,579
183
X20,3X3
70,78x
328
209,370
4.30s
273.774
47,258
X 2.797
98 X .345
Surety Insuiaaoe
Net Net
Premiums Losses
Written Paid
$2,864,175 $i.xx3,543
89*858
3,335.708
X02,3X2
66,240
20,243
152.728
1.277.767
4,866,742
46,841
X. 2x9.379
58,579
902433
372,2X5
22 X, 970
85.941
X7I,939
1.883.85s
743.542
S.X59.787
X, 060,24 X
• • •• •• •■
16,89 X
5.65 X
X 89,806
X44.I03
779,9X3
2,387.859
149408
5.322,55 X
25.273
45.837
727.541
9,687
600
27.790
52,1x7
459.36s
1,229.564
28,857
'369.608
78,709
2x4,504
6.869
67.336
32,00X
2X7,8X3
588,074
206,659
1,346,642
299.83X
8,758
3.28X
8o,X72
132,874
208,809
496.269
32.469
X. 795.333
13.78s
$21,077,610 $5,707,340 $33,723,950 $9,894,697
17,100,696 5.XO5.X38 31,248.879 6432.XI3
13,894.442 4.447.X38 25.766,840 44x9.748
IX, 104.732 3.049.564 18,785,594 S. 340.01 2
The IntersUte Surety. Redfield. S. D. wrote fidelity and surety premiums of $82.
289 and paid losses of $46,720.
The United States Guarantee wrote fidelity and surety premiums of $291 336 and
paid losses of $7x483 in 1921.
SURETY FUND LIFE COMPANY, Minneapolis, Minn. Or-
ganized 1898; capital, $100,000. E. Klaveness, M. D., president and
medical director; A. F. Klaveness, first vice-president; R.O.Richards,
second vice-president; Wilbur M. Johnson, secretary and actuary;
John N. Berg, general counsel; Oscar Erichsen, treasurer; L. L. John-
son, auditor and assistant secretary; E. S. Peabody, cashier.
SURETY UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION OF MASSACHU-
SETTS, Boston, Mass. The present officers, elected in February,
1922, are: President, Francis M. Babson, Aetna Casualty; vice-
428 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
president, Wallace Edgerton, New Amsterdam Casualty; treasurer,
George W. Berry, Massachusetts Bonding; secretary, Collins Graham,
National Surety; executive committee; Francis M. Babson, Aetna,
ex officio; Wallace Edgerton, New Amsterdam, ex officio; J. Merrill
Boyd, Employers Liability; J. P. McDermott, Hartford Accident;
James W. Mitchell, National Surety; James P. Parker, United States
Fidelity and Guaranty; W. J. Vatter, Globe Indemnity.
SURETY UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION OF THE CITY
OF NEW YORK. Organized 1909. The present officers, elected in
November, 192 1, are: President, Fred C. Williams, Globe Indemnity;
vice-president, Edward R. Lewis, U. S. Fidelity and Guaranty Co.;
secretary and treasurer, L. H. Grossman, Aetna Casualty and Surety
Co.; executive committee; T. Davidson Brown, National Surety
Company; Geo. E. Hayes, Union Indemnity Co.; M. L. Jenks, Ameri-
can Surety Co.; Edward C. Lunt, Fidelity and Casualty Co.; Wm. A
Thompson, Indemnity Insurance Co. of North America. The office
is at 26 Cortlandt St., New York.
T
TAXATION OF PREMIUM RECEIPTS. The following is a
statement of the taxes and fees imposed on insurance companies of all
classes by states (corrected to May i, 1922).
Alabama* — 1>^ per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums and reinsurance
in authorized companies; also two-fifths of i per cent on gross premiums, less
return premiums for fire marshal; fire and marine companies: mutual fire
cominnies x per cent gross premiums, less return premiums, also tne fire marshal
tax. Reciprocals and Inter-insurance Exchanges same tax as mutuals; life and
miscellaneous companies, 2 per cent, gross premiums less return premiums and
re-insurance in authorized companies; muttial aid associations, a per cent.
Fees: Company's license. Sioi; mutual fire, fratemals and reciprocals, Ssi;
agent's license (each member of firm), S5-oo; permit, secretary of state, Sio:
Deposit of S500 required of all companies applying for admission to be credited
to premium tax. Publication of Abstract of annual statement required. Corpora-
tion permit fee payable to secretary of state, $10. Taxes payable March z.
Alaska — z per cent, gross premiums, less return and re-insurance premiums, fire
companies; x per cent., less reinsurance premiums i)aid to admitted companies,
for life companies.
Fees: Domestic companies: Filing articles of incorporation $25; filing amenda-
tory articles, Sio; recording certificate of increase or decrease in capital, Szo;
certificate of dissolution S5; filing any other document, $5; annual report,
domestic companies, $2.50; annual statement, foreign companies, Sz.oo; filing
appointment and consent of agent, $5; other fees same as above; certified
copy of any document. $5; certificate with seal, $2; annual license fee, $Z5;
certificate of payment of license fee, 25 cents. Pensilty for failure to pay license
fee before January z, $2.50; furnishing certified copy of any document, $5; If
in excess of 20 folios, additional charge (per folio) 15 cents; penalty for failure to
pay license fee on or before January z, $2.50; Penalty to be paid by delinquent
corporations for reinstatement (all license fees and penalties due and a further
penalty as provided by section 9, chapter II, zgzs, S. L.) Insurance Companies:
filing original certificate of quali&ations, $25; filing power of attorney, $5; filing
annual certificate of qualifications (before March z), $Z5; penalty for failure to
file annual certificate before March z, I2.50. Miscellaneous: filing articles of
incorporation of benevolent, fraternal, religious, social, etc., assoc^tions, $5;
filing amended articles, $2.50; insurance agent's license fee, $25; additional %i
for such company represented.
Arizona* — All companies, 2 per cent on gross premiums less return premiums and re-
insurance in admitted companies. Fees: Filing articles of incorporation, $25;
amendmenu thereto, $zo; certificate of authority, $50; renewal of certificate,
S30; filing azmual statement, $25; copies of papers, per folio, 20 cents; filing
other miscellaneous papers (each), $z; each agent's license, $2; filing power of at'
tomey. service of process, $5. registration fee, $Z5. Taxes payable not later
than April x.
Arkansas* — 2 per cent on gross premiums all companies; fire companies deduct
return and reinsurance premiums. Fees: Filing copy of charter, Sz5; annual
statement, $zo; agents license, $2; certificate of authority, company, $2;
license for agents of corporations, forms or companies, $5. Copy of records, 20
cents per folio and $x for seal; Franchise tax, companies with capital less than
$500,000, $xoo; capital over $500^00, $200; mutual companies, $100. Payable
March z.
California* — All companies. 2 per cent gross premiums less return premiums and
reinsurance in authorized companies, county and municipal taxes on real estate
owned by company to be deducted.
Fees: Filing certified copy of charter or articles of incorporation and certificate
of organization, S55; annual statement, $30; amendment to articles of incor-
*Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force.
430 Cyclopedia of Insurance
poration, tio: appointment of general agent and •tipulation for service of
procea, $5: filing bond. $5: annual certificate of authority, S 10; agent's lioenae,
S I ; certificate of deposit (foreign companies) , $5 ; issuing certificate of deposit. liS :
certified copies of papers, $1: registering each policy, 25 cents, attaching sol
to papers, Sx; issuing any other certificate, Sa; furnishing copies of papers, per
folio, so cents: broker's license. $xo. A bond of $ao.ooo required of all companies.
Publication of annual statement required. Taxes payable first Monday in July.
Colocado* — 2 per cent on gross prrmJums. less net rdnsoiaiioe pwmiumi in authorised
companies and zetum premiums on risks f nrclfcrd other than reinsufaDce ri^i.
Fees: Filing certified copy of articles of incorporation (on organisation of oom-
puay), $50; power of attorney and statement prdiminary to admission, $50;
filing copy of charter and examination thereof, $30; annual statement. $50; cer-
tificate of authority, $5; copy of certificate for agents and solicitors (each member
of a firm), $2; affixing seal of office and certifying any paper, $x: cadi copy
of paper filed, per folio, ao cents. Fraternal societies, axmually. $50. Publkatioa
of annual statements required. Taxes payable on or before Mardik i.
Connecticut^ — 2 pa cent on gross premiums by companies of foreicn countries;
United States companies reciprocal provisions. There is also a franchise tax
on domestic stock and mutual companies (enacted in X9XS)> Fees: Filing copy
of charter (surety companies only), $xo; preliminary statements. Sxo; annual
statement, $10: any additional paper required by law, as cents; license to com-
pany, annual, $10: non-resident broker's license, $xo. Foreign companies — filiof
copy of charter, $30; preliminary of axmual statement. $ao; license to ooob-
pany, aimual, $50; agent's certificate of authority, fa. Fraternal: filing copy
charter, license, and annual statement, $s eadi.
Delaware* — Fire and misoeUaneous companies, x H per cent on gross premiums, leai
return premiums on cancelled policies and rdnsurance premiums received firoo
companies authorised and which pay taxes on original premiums; also frandiiae
tax of three-fourths of x per cent on fire premiums, (domestic companies only);
life companies, a per cent gross premiums.
Fees: Filing certified copy of charter, $10; axmual statement thereafter. $10:
publication of abstract of aimual statement (estimated). $3; certificate of
authority to company, fa?; agent's certificate of authority, $a; state license,
$5.50. The first Uiree charges above also apply to fraternal societies. Tsioes
eayable not later than February a8. Abstracts of axmual statements published
y commissioner.
District of Columbia » Fire companies. xH per cent on net premiums, except mutual
companies. Life and miscellaneous companies, x per cent on total collected
in District. Fees: Filing certified copy of charter, appointment of attorney and
axmual license, $xo; policy writing agent's license, $50; broker's license, $S0;
solicitor's license, individual. $5; industrial scdidtor's, $a; annual llcenie.
fraternal societies, $5. Publication of axmual statement required once. Taxes
must be paid before March x.
Florida — a per cent on gross premiums received in the state less return premiuns
for policies cancellea. Fees: Filing aimual statement, $10; axmual state license.
$aoo; aimual license for plate glass insurance companies. $50; agent's Ucenie.
each member of firm. $5 ; license for traveling a»ent or solidtor, %2S\ license for
each adjuster, $10; license for each rate agent, \2S- Counties, dties and towns
may require a license fee for agents not to exceed $a.5o, and may require a Ucenie
tax from each agent or solidtor not to exceed 50 per cent of the state license tax.
^ck and funeral benefit companies pay the agents* license fees of $5 for each
county up to five counties, and $xoo for state license, and $5 for filkig annual
statement. Filing fee, Fratemals, $xo. For filing charter or artides of incorpora-
tion $a on each $1 ,000 of capital stock, which fee not to exceed faso. Taxes pay-
able January 31. Publication of statements required.
Georgia* — All companies, i)^ per cent on gross premiums. Fire companies deduct
return premiums. One-tenth of one per cent on gross premiums for fire maiibsl
on discretion of commissioner. Local agents' occupation tax (fire and
life companies), $xo; state agents' occupation tax (fire and life companies), $50;
assessment companies, $25.
Fees: Fire insurance companies in lieu of all other fees, $aoo; filing aimual
statement, all other companies, fao; copy of charter or certificate of no change
*Redprocal or retaliatory law in force.
LiFB AND Casualty Section 431
in charter atnce laat filing $20; agent's license (one to a firm), $3; beneficiary
order's license (no other fees or taxes), S40; non-resident beneficiary order's
license, Sao. Publication of statement required. Tax year from May i to April 30,
taxes due on <»- before July z.
Hawaii — Fire and miscellaneous companies, a per cent on gross premiums, less return
and reinsurance premiums in authorized companies when placed through local
agents. Life companies, a per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums
and reinsurance premiums, aind actual operating and business expenses.
Fees: Filing copy of articles of incorporation, $25: annual statement, Sio; annual
statement of business in territory, $zo; power of attorney, $z ; any other paper,
$z: certificate of authority, $xo: agent's license, $a; copy of records, as cents per
folio^ certifying copies, $z; adjuster's license, $2; verified statement of financial
condition, $10; certified copy of examination by some insurance department, $zo;
certificate of qualification in home state, fxo; authority to resident agent to
accept legal service, $1; for application for agent's license accompanied by agent's
statement of agreement, $1; renewal certincate of authority, $zo; adjuster's
license, $a; Statements must be filed on or before April iSt taxes payable June 30.
Idaho — Fire ocnnpanies, a per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums and
cancellations; Life and all miscellaneous companies, a per cent gross premiums
less dividends used by xwUcyholders to reduce premiums or paid in cash.
Fees, Insurance department: State license, $50; filing financial statement. $so;
charter. $10; deagnation of legal agent. Sa: publication annual statement
(life only.) $io; agent's certificate (all classes). $3. There is also an annual fee for
state license and filing statement of $50 each. A fee for filing charter on entry is
also imposed according to amount of capital as follows: to secretary of state;
companies having no capital stock, $5; $25,000 capital, $10; $25,000 to $50,000
capital, $20; $50,000 to $100,000 capital. $40: $100,000 to $500,000 capital, $60;
$500,000 to $z,ooo,ooo capital, $100; exceeding $1,000,000 capital, $150. Taxes
payable on or before April z. (Authorized capital in each case.)
ininds* —Net receipts taxed locally same as other personal property, but cities may lay
not exoMding 2 per cent on gross premiums of fire and marine companies for fire
department. Illinois companies are exempt from taxes on premium receipts;
privilege tax of a per cent non-resident companies; less re-insurance and return
I»emiums and dividends to policyholders.
Fees: Filing certified copy of charter, $30; annual statement, $zo; agent's license
(one to a firm), $2; fratunal societies, filing annual statement, $5; licenses, $zo;
mutual fire and casualty companies, filing articles of association, $xo; annual
statement, $zo; license, $5; certificate of compUanoe, $z. Publication of state-
ments required.
Indiazia* — 3 per cent less losses and return and reinsurance premiums, all companies
(payable semi-annually). One half of one per cent fire marshal tax, gross pre-
miums less return and re-insurance premiums.
Fees: (aimual) Filing annual statement, $20; examining annual statement, $5;
certificate of authority to company, $5; two copies of annual statement for
publication, $4; admission all compajiJes, copy annual statement, $20; nmmining
statement, $5; copies articles of incorporation, $zoo; certificate of authority,
company, $5; appointment of auditor for service of process, $5: fratonal
societies, filing statement, $20; examining statement, $5; license, $5; agent's
license, all companies, except life, individual or firm composed of not more
than three persons, $3; stock life, individual. $3; Publication of annual state-
ments required, publication supervised by department.
loiwa* -* Fire companies. Including reciprocal and Inter-insurance Exchanges 2>i per
cent gross premiums, less return premiums on cancelled policies. Casualty
companies, 2H P^ cent gross premiums.
Fees: Filing copy of diarter or artidcs of incorporation, $25: annual statement.
$30; certificate of authority renewed annually, $2; agent's Ucense (one to eadi
membor of a firm), $2; two certificates of authority for publication (fire and
casualty companies), $4: filing statement and issuing certificate of authority,
fraternal societies (no other fees), $25; Statements required to be published by
commissioner; publication fee, all companies, $Z2; certifying and affixing seal, $1 ;
copy of papers, per folio, 20 cents. Taxes payable on or before March z.
'Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force*
432 Cyclopedia of Insurance
KaniMf* — 4 per cent on groH mcmiuma by foreisn fire companies, Ich return pre-
mium* on cancelled poUdea. Other oompamea. a per cent on croaa premimna.
leM return premiuma. Fire companiea in addition pay a per cent on groas pre-
miuma in dtiea having fire apparatus worth li.ooo. Ffa« mantfial tax one-half of
z per cent of premiums of fire and lightning insurance. Fees (on application
for admission): Fraternal societies. $35; assessment life and acddent com-
panies, $zz5; all other companies. IZ56; inter-insurance and reciprocals, $20;
azmual license, annual statement and certificate of authority (assessment life and
accident companies). $zz5: iUing annual statement, reciprocal or inter-insuren
exchanges. $ao; fraternal sodetiea, $ao; all other compsmies. $50; agent's
license (each member of firm). $a; school fund fee, fire, life and miscellaneous
companies, I50. Taxes payable on or before March i.
Kentucky* — a per cent on gross premiums; fire companies deduct return and re-
insurance premiums: also one-half of z per cent on gross premiums for the fire
marshal's office; also H per cent for inaintenance of state izisuranoe board.
C^ualty companies (foreign stock) a per cent on all premiums; Domestic and
reciprocals pay 4 per cent tax for support of compensation board, and Lloj-d's
pay same tax as foreign stock companies.
Fees: For filing charter, S30; azmual statement, fas; filing declaration of inten-
tion to form company. $30; any additiozial or supplemental statement, $25:
license to each agent other than life, $3; life companies, $5; industrial life, $2;
seal of office with certificate, St; certificate of compliance, $z; copies of papers
on file, ao cents per folio. Fratemals: license. Sao; reciprocals, license, SiS:
annual statement, Sas; mutual fire and casualty, license. Sas; filing charter. S30:
annual statement, $2$. Domestic co-operative or assessment fire companies only,
H of I per cent for fire marshal. Tax statement due February z and payable
soon as billed by department.
Louisiana* — No per cent tax. Companies are charged specific amounts for lio»iae>.
graded according to amount of gross premiums received on Louisiana businen.
Fire companies deduct return and reinsurazice premiums; muzildpalities where
an agent Is domiciled may collect the same taxes as state; also one-half of z per
cent on gross premiums for fire marshal.
Fees: Certificate of authority, Szo; agent's license (one to a firm), %2; annual
statement Szs; seal of office with certificate, Sz; filing azid furnishing certified
copy of power of attorney, S5. Payable March z.
Maine* — i}^ per cent, gross premiums, less return and reizisuranoe premiums;
policies issued on farm property exempt; inter-insurers a per cent gross pre-
miums, less amount actually returned to policyholders; factory mutuals, a per
cent.
Fees: Certificate of authority on admission, Sao; agent's license, Sa. Publication
of statement required except by life, assessmept and fratemals. Tsxiea payable
on or before May z.
Maryland* — Fire and tnarine companies, including redprocal exchanges, a per cent on
gross premiums received in state, but commissioner may allow credit for return
premiums and reinsurance in authorized companies; life and casualty com-
panics, zM per cent on gross premiums. Unauthorized Insurance (by holder «
policy), 5 per cent and Sz on each policy for making record.
Fees: Certificate of authority (life), S300; (fire), Szoo; casualty and surety
(companiea of foreign countries only), Szoo; fraternal sodeties, %2S\ ioter-
surers or reciprocal exchanges, Sas; filing charter, Sas; statement, Sas; 8'^°^
agent's license, Sio; sub-agent's (fire and marine), Szo; solicitor's license, nre
and marine, ts; agent's life and casualty, %2: abstracts for publication, each,!'-
Publication of annual statement required. Taxes due on filing statement wttbm
60 days after January z.
Massachusetts* — Fire and marine companies, a per cent on gross premiums of other
state and foreign companies, with deductions for reinsurance and return and ao*
celled premiums. Life companies, one-quarter of z per cent on the net value of all
polidra held by Massachusetts policyholders. All other companies, a per cent
with above deductions. Assessments and fraternal sodeties exempt; Tax paid to
state tax commissioner.
Fees: Filing copy of charter, S30; statement on admission, Sao; aimual state-
ment, Sao; agent's license (one to a firm) , Sa. Certificate of authcnity of fraternal
society and each renewal, Sao. Premium tax. Life companies tax due May i.
* Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force.
Life and Casualty Section 433
Michigan* — Fire and marine and automobile companies, 3 per cent on grots pre-
miums, less return premiums and reinsurance when the tax has been paid on the
origianl premium; casualty companies, 2 per cent less return and reinsurance
premiums; Life companies, 2 per cent gross premiums. Reciprocals 2 per cent
gross premiums less amounts distributed to subscribers. Assessment companies,
no taxes.
Fees: admission, S25; other fees governed by retaliatory law. Taxes payable on
or before March x.
Minnesota* — 2 per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums; aH Pcr cent addi-
tional on gross premiums of foreign companies received in dties maintaining fixe
patrols for the expenses of the fire patrol, and three-eighths of i per cent on gross
premiums less return premiums for the fire marshal's office.
Fees: Filing copy of charter or articles of incorporation, S30; aimual statement,
Sao; certifi^te of authority, fa; renewal, fa ; agent's license (one to each member
of a firm), $a; renewal Sa; valuing life policies, one cent for each Si, 000 valutfd,
three abstracts of annual statement for publication, $xo; license to place ixisur-
ance with unauthorized companies, Sio; broker's license, Sio; accepting valua-
tions of policies ot other states, S50; certified copy amendinent to articles of
incorporation, Sxo; each certiiScate including certified copy of certificate of
authority, renewal, valuation of life policy, corporate condition or qualifica-
tion, Sx; receiving and forwarding a copy of summons or other process, Sa:
copy of records, ao cents per folio and |x for certifying same; certificate of
authority, fratdiial orders, Sxo. Publication of annual statement required,
rate prescribed by law for legsd publications. Taxes iMijrable March x.
Mississippi — All companies, except life, aK per cent on gross earnings, less return
premiums; fire companies, also one-fifth of x per cent for fire marshal tax; life
companies, a per cent of gross premiums less matured endowments and cash
dividends paid in the state during the year, but not less than iH per cent.
Fees: Fraternal orders filing copy of charter. %2S. Filing preliminary state-
ments, Sao; annual statement, Sxo; certified copy of same, S5; any other
paper required by law, Sx; certificate of authority, general agent, S3; agent's
$2\ certificate of compliance, Sa; service on commissioner, Sa; desi^piation of com-
missioner for service of process, Sx ; copy annual statement, $s ; publication of same,
S9; examination in addition to per diem expenses, $25; abstract of aimual state-
ment for filing with chancery derk, Sa; privilege license fraternal. %2s; all other
companies, Saoo;. companies or associations operating a separate or distinct plant
or agency, Saoo; The Yazoo-Mississippi Delta Levee District Board has right to
collect same amount of privilege tax as is imposed by the state. Tax must be
paid on or before May x to state treasurer.
i* — a per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums and reinsurance in
authorized companies; life, casualty and fidelity companies not allowed credit
for reinsurance; 5 per cent on excess lines by agents, and a per cent on premiums
placed with unauthorized companies; cities having a population of xoo.ooo may
collect not more than Sioo from each fire insurance agent only. Stipulated pre-
mium companies x per cent of gross premiums. Fees (on admission) : Assessment
life and accident companies, S50; stipulated premium companies, Sas; fraternal
sodeties. S5; all other companies, induding certificate, S6x. Annual fees: Filing
annual statement (U. S. fire and marine companies), S30; regular life and mia-
cellaneous companies, S30; filing other papers, Sxo; stipulated premium com-
panies and certificate of authority, S25; assessment life and accident, Sso;
fraternal societies, %s\ fire, life and miscellaneous stock companies, annually, Sx;
all other companies, aimually, Sx; agent's license, stipulated premium com-
panies, Sx; all other companies. Sa; agent'slicense, unauthorized companies, Sxo;
broker's license, Sxo; filing other papers, Sxo. Taxes payable to state treasurer
on or before May i.
Montana* — No premium tax is levied, but a license fee is charged, which is equivalent
to aH per cent on Ss lOOO of premiums; and a per cent is charged on premiums
above that amount. Return premiums may be deducted in making tax returns
by fire and miscdlaneous companies. In addition, there is a fire marshal tax of
one-fourth of x per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums on all business
tffuisacted in the state. Fees: Filing charter and examination of papers on ad-
*'Redprocal or retaliatory law in force.
454 Cyclopedia of Insurance
miMion. $300; filing annual statement, $25; agent's license. $^; publishing cer-
tificate of authority, $9; assessment life companies on admisswn, $300; assess-
ment accident companies, $300. Taxes payable within 60 days after December 31 .
Nebraska* — Fire oompcmies. the gross amount of premiums taken as an item of prop-
erty and assessed at the same rate as other property. Also a tax of three-fourths
of I per cent for fire commissioner's department. AH other companies, except
assessment and fraternal associations, a per cent on gross premiums. Fees (on ad-
mission), fire, life, and miscellaneous companies, $50; fratonal societies, fao.
Annual: Filing annual statement of fraternal ordeis, $xo; all other corporations,
$20; domestic assessment associations. Sa; agent's license (individual). $3. Taxes
payable May i.
Nevada — No premium tax. Fees: Filing power of attorney, $5; license casualty and
surety companies, annual, $20 j all other companies, $xoo; agent's license.
annual. $1; Fraternal associations exempt, filing articles of incorporation not
less than $25 — xo cents for each $1000 capital. Synopsis of annual statement
' must be published, fee, $20.
New Hampshire* — Fire, fidelity, casualty and assessment accident companies, a per
cent gross premiums, less return premiums and reinsurance in auth<xixed com-
panies if affected by licensed resident agents. Life companies, a per cent on gross
premiums less payments for death losses paid during year in the state, provided
the tax is not less than i H per cent on the gross premiums. Fees: Filing copy
of charter and by-laws, $25; statement with application and each annual state-
ment, $15; statement with application and each annual statement (fraternal
associations), $5; certificate of authority (renewed annually). $s; agent s license,
tone to each member of a firm). $2; service of legal process, $2; certificate, $1.
Taxes payable within one month after notice.
New Jersey* — a per cent on gross premiums, less return and reinsurance premiums,
by all except life companies; life companies no taxes. Credit is allowed for pay-
ments to nremen's rdief associations by fire companies. Fees: Filing copy of
charter. $20; statement on admission, $20; annual statement, $ao; agent's
license (one to a firm), $a. Fraternal beneficiary associations: Copy at duuter.
fxo; annual statement, $5; license (required on admission only), $5. Taxes
must be paid before February 15; retaliatory provisions govern publication.
New Mexico* — 2 per cent on gross premiums less return premiums, all companies.
Fees: On adminion, $150: filing annual statement, $20; certificate of authority.
$2; agent's license. $2. Fraternal societies: Filing annual statement, $5; copy
of records. 20 cents per foilo and $1 for seal. Taxes pajrable February x.
New York* — Fire companies of other states and countries 2 per cent on groas pre-
miums received for insurance on buildings within the limits of cities maintaining
fire depcutments payable by agents to local fire departments, also like tax payable
to Superintendent of Insurance. Fire and marine companies of other countxies fiv^
tenths of one per cent less premiums refunded as dividends or on csmcellation and
return of policies and amounts paid as reinsurance to companies subject to this
tax, in addition iwyable to state comptroller on or before June x. Marine cofls*
panics of other states and countries 2 per cent on gross premiums, leas reiiisuranos
paid to companies subject to the tax. Mutual fire companies of other states i per
cent on gross premiums. Life companies of other states and countries, i per cnt,
and casualty companies of other states and countries, 2 per cent on gross pie-
miums; domestic companies, fire, marine, life and casualty, i per cent gross
premiums, less dividends to policyholders, return premiums and reinsuranoe iMid
to companies subject to the same tax.
Fees: Filing declaration and certified copy of charter, foreign companies, $30:
annual statement, $20; certificate of authority, company, $2; certificate of
deposit, valuation or compliance, each. $5: copy of records, xo cents per foUo
and $1 for seal. Tax due and payable on or before June x.
North Carolina* — 2 H per cent on gross premiums in the state less return premiums.
Fire companies, also one-half of i per cent of receipts in cities and towns comply-
ing with the state building law and having fire departments for firemen's relief
fund.
Fees: On admission, S44; filing and publishing annual statement, $23; annoal
fees (payable April i), Sio; certificate of authority, life companies. $350; fire,
*Reciprocal or retaliatory law in foroe.
Life and Casualty Section 435
marine and accident, $200; all other companies, $200; fraternal orders, $25;
special or district agent's license, $5; local agent's (individual, S3); organber's
lioense (fraternal orders), $3. Publication of annual statement required; fee
collected by commissioner, $9; included in admission and fees for filing annual
statement. 'Taxes payable within 7$ days after December 31.
North Dakota* — 2)4 per cent on gross premiums, less return and re-insurance
premiums.
Fees: Filing articles of incorporation, $25; annual statement, $10; certificate of
authority, $2; for each copy of abstract tor publication, $2; agent's license (one
for each member of a firm or corporation), $2: filing annual report of fraternal
beneficiary associations and Issuing permit, 9x5: reciprocal exchange license
fee, $15 ; copy of records, 20 cents per folio and $x for seal. Publication of annual
statement required, attended to by department. Taxes payable March z.
Ohio^ — All companies, 2 H per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums paid
and reinsurance premiums received; fire companies, also one-hsdf of x per cent
on gross premiums less return and reinsurance premiums for fire marshal de-
partment. Fees: Filing copy of charter or articles of incorporation, $25;
annual statement, $20; certificate of authority, (co-operative or assessment
associations), $1; all other companies, $2; agent's license (assessment or co-
operative associations). $1; all other companies. $2; certificate of compli-
ance for publication (one for each county in which there is an agent). Sx; copy
of papers, 20 cents per folio and |x for afSxlng seal; co-operative assessment
associations, agent's licenses, $2S; fraternal orders, filing annual statement, $25.
Publication of abstract annuied statement required in each county where agent
is appointed. Taxes due and payable in November.
Oklahoma* — a per cent on gross premiums, cancellations and reinsurances in author-
ised companies deducted; also fire marshal tax of one-fourth of x per cent on
gross premiums. Life companies deduct dividends paid to oolicyholders. Fees:
annual entrance, foreign life insurance companies. $200; fire companies, $100;
acddent and health companies, jointly. $100; surety and bond companies. $150:
idate glass companies, not accident. $25; live stodc companies. $25; fraternal
companies, $5; agent's certificate of authority (foreign companies), one for each
member of firm, $3; domestic companies, 50 cents. Fees for filing annual state-
ment controlled by reciprocal laws. " Foreign company " includes all companies
not organized under Oklahoma laws. Copies of papers per folio. 20 cents aind $z
for afludng seal. Taxes payable on or before the last day of February.
Oregon — 2 H per cent less return premiums, losses paid in the state and reinsurance
premiums paid to authorized companies; also H of one per cent on direct busi-
ness, less return premiums and dividends paid to assured for fire marshal (fire).
Fees: Filing title (fire companies only), $5; filing power of attorney (all compa-
nies) , S2.S0; checking and filing statement to ascertain amount of tax, S5 ; annual
license, fire and marine companies. S150; life, accident, casualty and surety
companies, Sxoo; certificate of authority, fire, life, casualty, surety, and accident
companies, $5; agent's certificate of authority, all companies, firms and corpora*
tions, (expire April i, of each year) $2; agent's license, life companies (axmual)
non-resident, $5; Taxes payable on or before April x.
Pennsylvania* — 2 per cent on gross premiums, less reinsurances in authorized com-
panies and return premiums, all companies including assessment life, sick benefit
and accident associations. Life companies may deduct dividends used in pay-
ment of premiums. Fees: Filing copy of charter, $25; aimual statement. $20;
certificate of authority, $2; agent's license (one to each member of firm), $2.
Assessment life and accident associations: Filing annual statement, $20; cer-
tificate of authority, aimually, $2; agent's license, $2. Taxes payable March x.
Rhode Island* — Stock companies, 2 per cent on gross premiums received in the state,
less return premiums. Mutual companies, x i>er cent.
Fees: Filing copy of charter or deed of settlement, $30; preliminary statement,
$20; annual statement, S20; agent's license (one to a firm), $2; broker's license,
$xo; printing and distributing abstract of annual statement (fire and accident
compcuiiesonly),$i. Taxes payable in January. Publication of annual statement
required by life companies.
*Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force.
436 Cyclopedia of Insurance
South Carolina — All companies 2 per cent on groM premiumi, Icm return prnninma
and dividends returned in caah. fire companies, one-tenth of x per cent, additional
on gross premiums for fire inspection and also x per cent, firemen's fund tax. in
cities and towns having a fire department with apparatus to the value of $1,000 or
upwards. Taxes payable semi-annually (June 30; December 3x). If one-quarter
of reserve in case of life companies, or one-quarter of premium i«oeipts in case
of fire and miscellaneous companies is inveisted in South Carolina securities,
the tax is reduced one-fourth of x per cent, so that if the full reserve is invested the
tax is only x per cent. Municipal license fees permitted. Fees (axmaal on ad-
mittance) : State license fee, all companies, $xoo; annual department Uoenae fee,
life, $50; fin and marine, $40; marine only, $15; accident and health, $40; csta-
ualty insurance (ei»ept personal accident)* S40; surety $40; all otiier forms,
not included above. $50. Fraternal. $2$; mutual fire companies. $25; mutual
accident and health, $j5; mutual casualty, $35; plate ^ass companies, $to;
agent's license, each soUdtor, so cents; general adjuster, $xo.
South Dakota* — Fire companies. 2H Pcr cent on gross premiums less return and
reinsurance premiums, also one-half of x per cent on net premiums for fiie
marshaL Stock life and accident insurance companies, 2H per cent; assessment
companies, a per cent gross premiums. Fees: Filing copies of incorporation or
charter, $25; annual statement, t2s\ agent's license, $3; company's liceoae.
annual. $2; agent's license, fraternal. 50 cents; copies of records. 30 centa per
folio and |x for seal. Taxes must be paid prior to March i.
Tennessee* — 2}i per cent on gross premiums, less return axid xe-insurance premiums
and cash dividends, payable semi-annually. Fire companies also, one-half of
I 'per cent for fire marslud.
Fees: Filing annual statement, life companies, %2S\ all other compcuiiea, $xs
reciprocal exchanges, $30; fraternal orders, $10; certuicate of authority (one to
each member of a firm,) $3.
Fees on admission — Fraternal Orders, $10; assessment life, accident and health,
$35; all other companies. t3o; collected by secretary of state, filing copy of
charter, assessment companies and fraternal orders, $30; all stock and mutual
companies, Sx3o; There is also a capital stock tax graduated as to amount of
authorized capital, and an agent's occupation tax graduated as to ix>pulatioin of
counties. Taxes payable January x and July x.
Texas* — Fire, marine, casualty, credit, guarantee and miscellaneous companies, two
and six-tenths per cent on gross premiums^ less re-insurance and return premiuma.
Stock Fire companies one per cent additional on gross premiums for su]>port
State Fire Insurance Commission. Life, 3 per cent gross premiums; except
if 30 per cent of reserve on policies written upon lives of citixens of the state is
invested in Texas securities, 3.6 per cent on gross premiums; if 60 per cent of
reserve be invested the tax is 3.3 per cent, and if 75 per cent of the reserve be
invested the tax is 2 per cent. Mutual fire, lightning, hail and storm, one-balf of
one per cent net premiums.
Fees: except domestic companies, filing charter, $35; annual statement, Sao;
two certificates of compliance for publication, Sx; renewing certificate of suithor-
ity, $1; domestic companies, filing annual statement, Sio; two certificates of
compliance, Si ; renewal certificate of authority, Sx ; filing charter or amendment
S30; Fraternal license fee, Sio: Taxes payable on or before March i.
Utah — I H per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums, all companies, including
reciprocals and Inter- Insurers. Amount of property tax paid, if any, during the
year may be deducted.
Fees: Filing statement preliminary to admission, S50; filing acceptance of the
provisions of the constitution, S3; filing articles of incorporation, $3$; appoint-
ment of attorney, Si ; company's license, Ss; agent's, $3 ; Annual feea: Filing
annual statement, Sso; appointment of attorney, Sx; abstract of annual state-
ment for publication, S5; certificate of authority. Ss: filing annual statement,
fratemals and inter-insurers. Sis; certificate of authority inter-insurers, tisi
amendments to articles of incorporation, %s ; each copy of any paper filed ao cents
per folio and Sx for affixing seal; On admission: Inter-insurance eicchanges:
filing statement, Sis; declaration of subscribers, Sio; power of attorney, Sx:
* Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force.
Life and Casualty Section 437
Fraternal: filing statement. Sis: power of attorney. %i; articles of incorpora-
tions, ixo; any amendment to same, ta* Publication of statement required.
Taxes payable on or before March x.
Vermont* — All companies, a per cent on gross premiums, less reinsurances, return
premiums and cash dividends paid to policyholders. Stodk companies also a
franchise tax of I lo for the first $50,000 of capital and $5 for each additional
$50,000 capital or part thereof: the whole tax not to exceed $50. Domestic com-
panies pay an additional tax of i per cent of surplus, also one-fourth of i per cent
Are marshal.
Fees: Filingcopy of charter, $30; annual statement, $ao; certificate of authority
^newed annually), $s: agent's license (one to each member of a firm), $2.
Fraternal beneficiary associations: Permit to do business, $5; filing charter, $5;
annual statement, $5; any additional papers required by law. as cents. Taxes
must be paid during month of February.
Virginia* — Life, aK per cent on net premiums; sick benefit companies and domestic
mutual companies, x per cent; all other companies, 2H per cent gross premiums,
fire companies deduct return premiums on cancelMl policies and premiums
paid for reinsurance on business in the state paid to oompaniM licensed in the
state. One tenth of x per cent or less, in the discretion of the commissl(mer,
for maintaining insurance bureau. Fees: Admission fees are graduated
according to capital stock: companies with capital of $50,000 or less, $30; with
$50,000, and not to exceed $1,000,000 capital, 60 cents per thousand, and with
capital of from one to ten millions, $r,ooo, etc. Mutual companies, $50; filing
charter, per folio, 50 cents; recording power of attorney. $x; seal, $5. Axmual fees:
Specific license tax, |aoo; agent's registration fee for each company. $x ; copies of
records ao cents per page, seal $x. There is alao an aimuid registration fee.
graduated according to capital and ranging from $5 to $35. Tax on premiums due
April i; agent's license tax July X5.
Washington* — aK per cent on gross premiums of life companies less amount paid as
premiums for reinsurance; title insurance companies are taxed on their property
under general tax laws and not otherwise; 2J4 per cent on all other companies,
less return and reinsurance premiums. Fees (on authorization) : Filing articles of
incorporation or certified articles or charter or other record of organization, $a5;
certificate of authority. $xo; filing appointment of attorney, $x. Annual fees:
Certificate of authority, $10; filing annual statement, $ao; filing amended articles
of incorporation, $xo; filing miscellaneous papers, $1; certificate under smI, $i;
certified copy of papers per folio, ao cents; agent's license (fire, life, or miscellane-
ous), $3; solicitor's license. $a; broker's license. $roo; agent's license to act for
unauthorized company. $100; non-resident spedal agent. $5 : adjuster's license.
$10. Fraternal orders: Filing articles of incorporation and issuing license on
entrance, $10; annual license, $xo. Taxes due March x.
West Virginia* — 3 per cent on noss premiums, less return premiums, all companies;
fire one-half of x per cent for fire marshal. Fees: Annual license, $xo; filing
annual report. $xo; annual fee to state auditor for actina as process attorney, $xo;
certificate of valuation (West Virginia companies only) . $5 ; certificate of authority
to agent. $5; for filing each additional paper required by law, 35 cents; certificate
of authority for solidtor for fire and casualty companies, $x; Fiatemals, license
fee, $35; assessment life. $ao; filing annual report, assessment companies. $5<
Taxes must be paid on or before March x.
Wisconsin* — Fire companies, aff per cent on gross premiums, less return premiums and
cancellations; plus a per cent in fire department towns; life companies license
fee of $300. except, if taxes and fees collected under retaliatory law exceed $300.
the amount of license fee is deducted ; casualty and sivety companies, a per cent
•on gross premiums.
Fees: Filing annual statement, all companies and associations, $a5; agent's
license, fire and marine (one to each member of firm), $1 ; all other companies, $x.
Filing articles of incorporation, all companies, $a5. Taxes must be paid by fire
companies on or before February x; Life, March i.
* Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force.
438 Cyclopedia op Insurance
Wyoming* — aM pcr cent on groM i>reiniuin«, «11 companies less return premiums.
Fees: Filing statement and charter with application, $50; annual statement, Sas;
condensed form of annual statement. $20; acceptance of state constitution,
$3.50; agent's license, one to a firm or cori)oration, $3; surety companies annual
license, 950; Fraternal beneficiary associations: Filing statement and cliaxter
with application, fao; annual statement, $15; acceptance of state constitution,
$3.50; copies of records 15 cents per folio and $1 for seal. Abstract of annual
statement required to be published. Taxes payable between February i and
March 30.
TEACHERS' CASUALTY UNDERWRITERS. Lincoln. Neb.
Underwriting department of the Pioneer Insurance Company of
Lincoln. Ernest C. Folsom. president; James F. Kinney, vice-presi-
dent; J. S. Dickman. secretary and treasurer; Miss Jennie B. Adams,
associate manager.
TEACHERS INSURANCE AND ANNUITY ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA, 522 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Organized 1918;
cash capital. $500,000. Frank A. Vanderlip. chairman of the board;
Henry S. Prichett. president; Michael A. Mackenzie, vice-president;
Clyde Furst, secretary; Robert A. Franks, treasurer; Eugene F.
Russell, M.D., medical director; Raymond L. Mattocks, actuary;
Samuel S. Hall, Jr., assistant treasurer.
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE LIFE INSURANCE ASSO-
CIATION. 195 Broadway, New York. N. Y. Organized 1867. Thos.
W. Carroll, president; N. M. Giffen. secretary.
TENNESSEE, SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN, 1876-
1922. The bureau of insurance in Tennessee was created in 1876,
the state treasurer being made insurance commissioner ex officio.
The legislature in IQ13 created a separate insurance department,
and under the act the title of the official is ** Insurance Commissioner,"
and he is appointed by the governor for a term of two vears, at a sal-
ary of $^,600 per annum, and must have had five years active experi-
ence in msurance. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for list of former offi-
cials.] William F. Dunbar was appointed in 19 15 but resigned July i,
191 7, and L. K. Arrington, former deputy commissioner, was appointed
to succeed him. E. N. Rogers is the present commissioner.
TEXAS INDEMNITY INSURANCE COMPANY. Galveston.
Texas. Organized 1919; capital| paid in, $100,000. Sealy Hutchings,
president; John Sealy, vice-president; Geo. Sealy, vice-president and
secretary; H. O. Stein, vice-president and treasurer; J. F. Seinsheimer,
vice-president and general manager; J. M. Jacobs, assistant secretary
and agency manager; H. Economidy, assistant secretary and comp-
troller.
TEXAS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Waco. Tex. Organ-
ized 1901; paid-in capital, $200,000. John D. Mayfield, president;
E. M. Ewing, vice-president and attorney; John J. Mayfield, secretary;
I. J. Mayfield, treasurer; Andr. Sigtenhorst. actuary; M. W. Colgen,
M. D., medical director.
'Reciprocal or retaliatory law in force.
Life and Casualty Section 439
TEXAS. SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN, 1876-1922.
The insurance department of Texas was org:anized in 1876, becom*
ing operative September i of that year. The title of the official was
up to 1907 commissioner of agriculture, insurance, statistics and
history, and in that year the legislature separated insurance and bank-
ing from the other departments. The omcial in charge is known as
the " Commissioner of Insurance and Banking/' and is appointed by
the governor for a term of two years. [See Cyclopedia for 1913-14
for hst of former officials.] John S. Patterson was appointed commis-
sioner in 19 1 5, but died in office, and Charles O. Austin was appointed
his successor. He was succeeded by G. W. Briggs, and J. C. Chidsey
was appointed in 1920. The present commissioner is Edward Hall.
TIME INSURANCE COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wis. Organized
1910; cash capital, $25,000. C. G. Traphagen, president; N. P.
Damon, vice-president; E. Giljohann, secretary and treasurer; John A.
Keelan, agency manager.
TITLE GUARANTEE AND CASUALTY COMPANY OF
AMERICA, 431 GriswoldSt., Detroit, Mich. Organized 1921; capital
authorized $500,000. Richard Quayle, president; Geo. A. Cuny,
vice-president, Robert F. Sloan, secretary and treasurer; Dr. C. C.
Varden, medical director. This company has not commenced business.
TITLE INSURANCE. Companies have been organized in
the larger cities of the United States to guarantee the titles of property
to purchasers or owners thereof. In the state of New York there are
several of these companies: Bond and Mortgage Guarantee Company,
New York, capital, $5,000,000; Buffalo Abstract and Title Company,
Buffalo, capital, $260,000; Home Title Insurance Company, capital,
$420,000; Lawyers' Mortgage Company, capital, $6,000,000. Law-
yers' Title Insurance and Trust Company, capital, $4,000,000. Law-
yers' Westchester Mortgage and Title Company, capital, $325,000;
Title Guarantee and Trust Company, capital, $5,000,000; New York
Title and Mortgage Company, capital, $2,000,000; United States Title
Guaranty Company, capital, $625,000; Westchester and Bronx Title
and Mortgage Guaranty Company, White Plains, capital, $500,000.
In other states are the following companies: Bridgeport Land and Title
Company, Bridgeport, Conn.; Citizens' Title Insurance and Mortgage
Company, Passaic, N. J.; City Abstract and Title Insurance Com-
pany, San Francisco, Cal.; Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust
Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; Conveyancers Title Insurance Company,
Boston, Mass.; Fidelity Title and Trust Company, Stamford, Conn.;
First Mortgage Title and Insurance Company of New Jersey, Passaic;
Guarantee Mortgage and Title Insurance Company, Passaic, N. J.;
Integrity Title Insurance Trust and Safe Deposit Company,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Kentucky Title Company, Louisville, Ky.;
Massachusetts Title Insurance Company, Boston; New Jersey Title
and Abstract Company, Newark; North Jersey Title Insurance Com-
?any, Hackensack, N. J.; Passaic County Title Guarantee Company
'aterson, N. J.; Potter Title Insurance and Trust Company, Pitts-
440 Cyclopedia of Insurance
burgh, Pa.; Real Estate Title Insurance Companv, Minneapolis,
Minn.; Real Estate Title Companjr, Trenton, N. J.; Real Estate Title
Insurance and Trust Company, Philadelphia; Standard Title Insurance
Company, San Francisco, Cal.; Title Guarantee and Trust Company
and Title Insurance and Trust Company, Los Angeles, Cal.; West
Jersey Title and Guaranty Company, Qimden, N. J.; Washira^n
Title Insurance Company, Spokane; Title Guarantee and Trust
Company, Lexinston, Ky.; Title Insurance and Guarantee Company,
San Francisco, Cal.; Real Estate Title Company of New Jersey,
Trenton; Spokane Title Company, Spokane, Wash.; National Ex-
change Insurance and Trust Company, Waco, Tex.; Mason County
Abstract and Title Company, Sheldon, Wash.; Los Angeles Title
Insurance Company, Los Angeles, Cal.; Industrial Trust Title and
Savinss Compamy, Philadelphia; Fidelity Trust Company^ Kansas
Citv, Mo.; Pioneer Title Insurance Company, San Bernardino, Cal.;
Milwaukee Title Guarantee and Abstract Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
TOLEDO ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS. This
association was organized May lo, 1903, with the following officers:
G. W. Farley, president; A. IC. Wyue, first vice-preadent; Charles
Skene, second vice-president; Thomas J. Stewart, secretary. The
present officers, elected at the annual meetine in April 1922, are:
President, Lee D. Moon; vice-president, Richard R. Stamp; secretary
and treasurer, Hanford Bergman.
TOLEDO TRAVELERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
THE, Toledo, Ohio. Organized 1912; began business 1914;^ capital,
$100,000. Wm. H. Schaefer, president; W. H. Standart, vice-presi-
dent; Robert C. Pew, second vice-president; E. W. Gage, secretary*
and assistant treasurer; Miss R. F. Lowe, assistant secretary; F. T.
Baldwin, treasurer; E. B. Gillette, medical director; R. E. Ferguson,
actuary.
TOPEKA (KANSAS) ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDER-
WRITERS was organized at a meeting held in Topeka, in November,
1907, as the Kansas Association of Life Underwriters, and officers
were elected as follows: President, S. E. Barber; vice-president, H. C.
Hansen ; second vice-president, J. M. Knapp ; secretary, Charles
A. Moore, Topeka ; treasurer, John P. Moss. The present officers,
elected in May, 1922, are: President, J. E. Spaldine: vice-presidents
S. W. Adams and P. A. Miller; secretary and treasurer, F. V. Harsh-
barger, a^2 New England building, Topeka.
TRADERS ASSURANCE COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo. Organ-
ized 19 14, as a stipulated premium company. Samuel Clark, presi-
dent; H. D. Brandt, vice-president and medical director; A. M. Clark,
vice-president; George Kohlberg, Jr., secretary and treasurer; W. D.
Lhuh, assistant medical director.
Life and Casualty Section 441
TRANSYLVANIA CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,
St. Mathews, Ky. Organized 1911. Ben L. Bruner, president;
W. Wayne Wilson, secretary and treasurer; M. L. McDaniel, assistant
treasurer and assistant secretary; T. C. Sharp, superintendent of
agencies. 1
TRAVELERS EQUITABLE INSURANCE COMPANY. 735
Palace buildine, Minneapolis, Minn. Organized 191 5; capital, paid in,
$136,010. G. W. Barnes, presideift; M. J. McMichael, vice-president;
F. H. Jacobson, secretary; G. W. Curtiss, treasurer.
TRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY, THE, Hartford,
Conn., was organized in 1906, and 14,960 shares out of a total issue of
15,000 shares are owned by The Travelers Insurance Company. Its
lines include steam boiler, fly wheel, engine, electrical macninery,
automobile and teams property damage, automobile collision, burglary
plate glass, and in some jurisdictions automobile liability, accident and
health. Capital, $1,500,000; total assets, $8,790,305; reserves and all
other obligations, $6,255,2^4; capital and surplus, $2,535,031. The
officers are: President, Louis F. Butler; vice-presidents, John L. Way,
Robert J. Sullivan; secretary, James H. Coburn; treasurer, L. E.
Zacher; Fred S. Garrison, assistant secretary, Joaeph R. Lacy, assistant
secretary; comptroller, J. W. H. Pye; auditor, Charles D. Rarey;
cashier, W. R. Slocum; assistant cashier, C. S. Robbins; statistician,
Harry V. Waite; directors: W. B. Clark, C. C. Beach, J. L. Way,
A. L. Shipman, L. F. Butler^ E. B. Bennett, L. E. Zacher, Elijah C.
Johnson.
TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY. THE, Hartford.
Conn., was chartered in 1863, as an accident insurance company, with a
capital stock of $400,000. In 1865 it secured an amendment to its char-
ter authorizing it to issue policies of life insurance. In 1889 it beg^n
issuing employers' and. general liability contracts; in 1899, health
policies; and in 1910, workmen's compensation insurance. Group
insurance was first written by the Company in 1913. Capital stock.
December 31, 1921, $7,500,000; total assets, $2x9,005^682; reserves
and all other obligations, $201,316,777; capital and surplus, $17,688*
905.
The official staff is as follows: Louis F. Butler, president; John
L. Way, vice-president; Bertrand A. Page, vice-president; Walter
G. Cowles, vice-president ; James L. Howard, vice-president ; William
BroSmith, vice-president and general counsel; L. Edmund Zacher, vice-
president and treasurer; J. W. H. Pye, comptroller; Benedict D.
Flynn, secretary; Percy V. Baldwin, assistant secretary; Daniel A.
Read, assistant secretary; Wellington R. Slocum, cashier; Charles
E). Rarey, auditor; George B. Newton, manager mortgage loan divi-
sion; Robert C. Dickenson, attorney; William B. Bailey, economist;
Arthur C. Squires, Raymond E. Markle, Charles R. Croul, and Herbert
W. Trafford, assistant comptrollers; E. H. P. Trantum, chief account-
ant; Charles S. Robbins, Wilbur S. Sherwood, assistant cashiers;
442 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Edwin K. Barrows, Frank J. Flynn, Charles S. Bissell and John J.
Nolan, assistant auditors; Dudley Gray, superintendent business
extension bureau.
Board of directors: William B. Clark, Charles C. Beach, James G-
Batterson, John L. Way, Edward B. Bennett, Arthur L. Shipmanf
Francis T. Maxwell, Louis F. Butler, L. Edmund Zacher, William Bro-
Smith, Elijah C. Johnson, Charles L. Spencer Jr., Charles Hopkins
Clark, L. Marsden Hubbard, Daniel G. Wing.
Agency Department: Life and Accident: Samuel R. McBumey,
superintendent of agencies; H. H. Armstrong, Walter E. Mallory,
Arthur J. Frith, W. C. Bailey, J. O. Hoover, John A. Coffman, assistant
superintendents of agencies; Ralph L. Smith, agency assistant; M. P.
Hawkins, field assistant.
Compensation, Liability, and Indemnity: Howard A. Giddin^^s,
superintendent of agencies; John McGinley, Walter T. Kempm,
Charles E. Ferree, Elmer E. Johnson, Jr., Tracy W. Smith;
assistant superintendent's of agencies; Clifford L. Waite, Fordyce P.
Stanley, Forrest J. Buzzell, Aubrey L. Maddock, Arthur D. Spring,
agency assistant's; A. Stewart Gray, field assistant.
Life Department: J. Stanley Scott, secretary; Edward B.. Morris,
actuary; Frank H. Landon, Jr., Lewis M. Robotham, James P. Carroll,
assistant secretaries; H. Pierson Hammond, W. Rulon Williamson,
James S. Elston, W. Nelson Bagley, assistant actuaries; Frank Stuhl-
man, superintendent of Policy Loan Division.
Accident Department: John E. Ahern, secretary; WyckofF Wil*
son, Joseph R. Lacy, Harold L. Parker, assistant secretaries; George S.
Penfield, manager, railway and ticket division; David N. Case, chief
adjuster, life and accident claim division; George M. Moritz, Harian
S. Don Carlos, Brainard E. Waite, assistant chief adjusters, life and
accident claim division; Everett S. Fallow, actuary; H. T. Nash,
assistant manager, railway and ticket division.
Compensation and Liability Department: Robert J. Sullivaji,
secretary; M. Good Wolfe, Jesse W. Randall, Walter E. Batterson,
John H. White, assistant secretaries; Charles Deckelman, manager
Claim Division; Frederick B. Merrels, Fred E. R. Piper, Frank J. Roan,
Howard R. Sullivan, assistant managers Claim Division; Ernest H.
Cady, superintendent Pay Roll Audit Division; Allen R. Goodale,
superintendent Automobile Division ; John J. Hart, assistant superin-
tendent Automobile Division; Sanford B. Perkins, actuary; Harry V.
Waite, statistician.
Engineering and Inspection Division: John L. Thompson, super-
intendent; William P. Eales, George E. Peterson, assistant super-
intendents.
Group Department: William F. Chamberlin, superintendent;
Howard E. Critchfield, assistant secretary; Charles W. Gamerdinger*
assistant actuary.
Medical Department: Frank L. Grosvenor, M.D., medical di-
rector; Charles C. Beach, M.D., consulting medical director; Wm.
Life and Casualty Section 443
W. Dinsmore, M.D., Frank Harnden, M.D.; Percy G. Drake, M.D.,
Euen Van Kleeck, M. D., assistant medical directors, life division;
McLeod C. Wilson, M.D., medical director, accident division; Thomas
C. Park, M.D., Joseph T. Cabaniss, M.D., LeRoy C. Grau, M.D.
assistant medical directors, accident division; division of industrial
surgery, James C. Graves, Jr., M.D., surgical director; division of
medicine and hygiene, Thomas H. Denne, M.D., home office physician;
Wm. W. Wright, M.D., assistant home office physician; Edward P.
Case, M.D., medical adviser, group department.
Department of Instruction and Training; Louis N. Denniston,
superintendent; Daniel J. Bloxham, C. E. Blake, agency instructors;
Samuel J. Booth and John H. Eglof, assistant agency instructors.
Publicity Department; Allan D. Risten, Ph.D., director of tech-
nical research and safety publication work; Josiah D. Whitney, man-
ager, Mary A. Bowers, editor. The Travelers Beacon.
TWIN CITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, St. Paul, Minn.
Organized 1913; capital, $100,000. Rasmus Sorensen, president;
Henry Hale, vice-president; A. M. Mikkelson, secretary; Ole Serum-
gard, treasurer; Geo. S. Gilbert, assistant secretary and treasurer;
Clinton Smith, medical director.
TWO-REPUBLICS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, El Paso,
Tex. Organized 191 1; capital, $125,000. A. H. Rodes, president;
Richard F. Burges, vice-president and general counsel; Julius A. Kra-
kauer, vice-president; John H. Upton, secretary and actuary; R. L.
Ramey, medical director; E. W. Rheinheimer, assistant medical
director; Irene Stewart, assistant treasurer; John Q. Tabor, agency
manager; P. W. Still, assistant secretary.
u
UNION CENTRAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Cindn-
nati, Ohio. This compaiw was organized in 1867 by persons affili-
ated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and it has generally been
dominated by individuals of that religious sect. Its articles of in-
corporation, executed January 30, 1867, authorized a capital stock of
$500,000, but this amount was subsequently limited in Article i of
the by-laws to $100,000, at which amount it remained until June,
1908. Article 2 of the by-laws also provided that stockholders should
receive a dividend of five per cent on their paid-up capital stock twice
a vear; on April i and October i ; and that the only other dividends to
which they would be entitled would consist of such profits as the
company would derive from the sale of non-participating policies.
Comparatively little non-participating business was written until
1892-3 and such profits, if any, as were made on it were paid into the
general surplus fund. A report of the actuary of the company in 1905
placed the results of the non-participating business up to that time at
an apparent deficit of $95,082. On January i, 1908, the year in which
the capital was increased from $100,000 to $500,000 by a declaration
of a stock dividend of $400,000 out of claimed non-participating pol-
icy profits, the admitted assets of the company were $62,242,435.60;
its general surplus, $2,410,619.70. In that year, also, the actuary of
the company reported the existence of an accumulated non-partici-
pating surplus ot $779,788, the accuracy of which was challenged by
the actuary employed by the Insurance Commissioners of Colorado,
Michigan, Connecticut, Vermont, Virginia, Minnesota and Ohio.
The attorney-general of Ohio brought quo-warrant proceedings against
the stockholders to prevent the consummation of the stock increase,
but was finally defeated in the courts of Ohio. The finding of the
Supreme Court was virtually to the effect that the entire surplus of
the company belongs to the stockholders. On March i, 19 16, a sec-
ond stock dividend of $2,000,000 was declared out of non-participating
profits, $1,500,000 of which was distributed among stockholders, the
remaining $500,000 being held in the company's treasury for future
disposition. This additional $500,000 was distributed to stockholders
in March 1 9 19.
The present officers of The Union Central Life are: John D. Sage
president; Allan Waters, George L. Williams, John W. Patterson and
Louis Bresling, vice-presidents; R. F. Rust; secretary ; Jesse R. Clark,
treasurer; Dr. William Muhlberg, medical director; C. Homeyer,
superintendent of agents; E. £. Hardcastle, actuary; £. D. Haynes,
auditor.
UNION HEALTH AND .ACCIDENT COMPANY, Denver.
Col. Organized 1906; capital, $100,000. The company reinsured and
retired in 192 1.
Life and Casualty Section 445
UNION INDEMNITY COMPANY. Executive offices: Hartwig
M068 Building, 830-836 Union Street, New Orleans, La. Incorporated,
1 91 9. Commenced business, January, 1920. Issues surety bonds and
casualty insurance. Capital fully paid in cash, $1,000,000; surplus,
$1,000,000. W^ Irving^ Moss, president; Edward Kory, vice-president;
R. S. Hecht, vice-president; Felix P. Vaccaro, vice-president; Mike M.
Moss, vice-president; M. W. Hardy, vice-president; L. M. Pool, vice-
president; Horace Brownell, treasurer; Arthur S. Huey, secretary.
Great Eastern Dep>artment, 55 John Street New York.
UNION INSURANCE COMPANY, 108 North Delaware St.,
Indianapolis, Ind. Organized 1849. Capital $200,000. H. H. AVoods-
mall, president; C. E. Henderson, vice-president; H. H. Friedley,
secretary. Writes fire, plate glass and liability insurance.
UNION LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY.
Terminal building, Lincoln, Neb. Organized 19 13. C. E. Haynie,
president; Joseph W. Walt, vice-president; R. R. Lounsbury, secretary
and treasurer; Ted Anthony, superintendent of agencies.
UNION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Rogers, Ark. Or-
ganized 1920. J. W. Walker, president; R. H. Whitlow, vice-presi-
dent and secretary; Elmo E. Walker, treasurer, F. M. Speakman,
actuary.
UNION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Richmond, Va. (ex-
ecutive offices, Newport News, Va.) Organized 19 19. J. C. Temple,
president; D. S. Taitt, vice-president; W. H. Van Ness, secretary;
O. J. Brittingham; treasurer.
UNION MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY of Port-
land, Me. Arthur L. Bates, president; J. Frank Lan^, vice-president:
Sylvan B. Phillips, secretary; Harold D. Lang, assistant secretary;
Samuel S. Boyden, actuary; Fred A. Hamblen, assistant actuary;
Edwin M. Northcott, medical director; Wadleigh B. Drummond,
solicitor. «
UNION NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Houston,
Texas. Organized 1921. J. C. Stribling, president; F. L. Tiller, vice-
president; B. W. Steele, vice-president; J. M. Yoes, secretary and
treasurer, Dr. T. M. Neal, medical director.
UNITED CASUALTY COMPANY, Westfield. Mass. Organized
in 1887; reorganized on a stock basis 1915; capital, $100,000. Robert
Gowdy, president and treasurer; Thomas J. Cooley, vice-president;
R. AUyn Gowdy, secretary. The company was organized as. Red
Mens Fraternal Accident Association of America, but adopted' the
present title in 1922.
446 Cyclopedia of Insurance
UNITED FIDELITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Dallas.
Texas. Organized 1920. D. E. Waggoner, chairman of the board,
M. H. Wolfe, president; H. I. Gahagan, vice-president; J. L. Mims,
secretary; W. H. Pointer, assistant secretary; Tom Poynor, agency
director; Dr. C. W. Simpson, medical director.
UNITED LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY,
Concord, N. H. Organized 1913; began business 19 14; capital,
$500,000. S. W. Jameson, president; Allen HoUis, vice-president and
general counsel; Robert J. Merrill, secretary; John B. Jameson,
treasurer; Robert J. Graves, M. D., medical director; Robert D.
Fletcher, assistant treasurer.
UNITED STATES CASUALTY* COMPANY of New York.
Organized 1895; capital, $500,000. Edson S. Lott, president; John
Farr, vice-president; D. G. Luckett, secretary and general manager;
J. J. Meador, assistant secretary; Lester H. Clarke, treasurer; J. J.
Dorn, executive superintendent.
UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUARANTY COM-
PANY, of Baltimore, Md. (surety, fidelity and casualty insurance
business.) Organized 1896; cash capital, $4,500,000. John R. Bland,
president; J. Kemp Bartlett, Chas. O. Scull, W. W. Symington, Alex-
ander Payson Knapp, M. Barratt Walker, Sidney Hall, T. Hartley
Marshall, James W. Cain, J. Scofield Rowe, vice-presidents; Richard
Howard Bland, vice-president and secretary, W. George Hynson,
treasurer, W. A, Edgar, agency director.
UNITED STATES GUARANTEE COMPANY, New York.
Organized 1890; capital, $250,000. D. J. Tompkins, president;
Wm. M. Barnum and Henry E. Rawlings, Eugene V. R. Thayer, vice-
presidents; Wm. E. Schenck, secretary and attorney; W. E. Flaxington,
and J. G. Cannon, assistant secretaries; E. B Guild, superintendent
fidelity department.
UNITED STATES INDEMNITY SOCIETY, Boston, Mass,
Organized 1897. (Assessment company.) Charles H. W. E. Buck,
president^ Samuel J. Lawson, vice-president and assistant secretary;
David T. Montague, secretary and treasurer. 20 Pemberton Square.
UNITED STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. New
York City. Organized 1850; capital, $264,000. Dr. John P. Munn,
president; C. P. Fraleigh, vice-president; J. L. Kenway, assistant
secretary; G. W. Hubbell, actuary and secretary pro tern.: I. M.
Dean and E. W. Christy, supervisors of agencies.
UNITED STATES MUTUAL LIABILITY INSURANCE
COMPANY, Quincy, Mass. Organized 1916. S. W. Wakeman,
president; H. F. Lally, secretary; Dudley M. Holman, general
manager; E. B. Derr, treasurer.
Life and Casualty Section 447
UNITED STATES PLATE GLASS INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Philadelphia, Pa. Organized 1867; capital, $100,000. Frank
V. Smyth, president; H. L. Henderson, secretary and treasurer.
UTAH ASSOCIATION OF LIFE UNDERWRITERS was
organized by the life insurance agents of the state at a meeting held
at Salt Lake City in April, 1905. The following officers were elected:
President, John D. Spencer; vice-presidents, W. G. Farrell and W. J.
*Deischer; secretary, Thomas W. Sloan; treasurer, Victor Wells. The
present officers, elected at the annual meeting in February, 1922, are
President, C. F. Barrett; vice-presidents, Elmer D. Jones and W. D.
Brown; secretary, W. A. Carter; treasurer, W. B. Merrill.
UTAH, SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE IN, 1884-1922.
The insurance department of Utah was organized under an act ap-
proved March 13, 1884, ^^^ territorial secretary being chamd with the
duties of supervision. The secretary of state was made insurance
commissioner ex-officio under the new state law in 1896, and in 1909
the leeislature created a separate insurance department. [See Cyclo-
pedia for 1913-14 for list of former supervising officials.] The commis-
sioner is appointed by the governor, and the term of office is four
years from March i. John James was appointed in 19 14, but re-
signed, and Rulon S. Wells was appointed to succeed him. John W.
Walker is the present commissioner appointed in 1921.
UTICA MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Utica, N. Y.
Organized 1914. D. DeW. Smyth, president; Fred S. Kellogg and F. E.
Barbour, vice-presidents; Merwin K. Hart, general counsel; John L.
Train, secretary-treasurer and general manager; Edward J. Hadfield,
John L. Hughes and Fred H. Trench, assistant secretaries.
UTILITIES MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, New York,
N. Y. Organized 1 91 4. 5 Nassau St. Horace L. Mann, president;
Henry W. reck, vice-president; Charles E. Morrison, vice-president
and general manager; C. H. B. Chapin, secretary; M. J. Brayton,
treasurer; J. C. Montgomery, assistant treasurer.
V
VERMONT ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY, Rutland,
Vt. Organized 1906; capital, $10,000. H. C. Farrar, president;
M. G. Morse, vice-president; A. C. Mason, secretary and treasurer;.
Dr. S. W. Hammond, medical adviser.
VERMONT, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1852-1022
The insurance department of Vermont was organized under the kiw
of 1852, the secretary of state and the state treasurer being ex officio
insurance commissioners. (See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 and 19 16 for
list of former supervising officials.] The legislature in 19 17 enactcxl
a law transferring supervision of insurance from the secretary of state
and state treasurer to a separate department. The commissioner is
appointed by the Governor for a term of two years. Joseph G. Brown
was appointed the first commissioner under the act.
VERMONT LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION. The
present officers elected in June, 1921, are: President, A. I. Reynolds;
vice-president, E. H. Olmstead; second vice-president, S. C. Dorsey;
secretary, A. C. Mason, Rutland; treasurer, R. S. Pike.
VIRGINIA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1878-1922.
Under act of the le^slature approved April 6, 1866, the auditor of
public accounts in Virginia was charged with the supervision of insur-
ance interests. The legislature of 1906 passed an act establishing a
bureau of insurance " within the dep>artment and subject to the sup-
ervision and control of the state corporation commission," whose
chief office shall be known as the " commissioner of insurance.*' The
commissioner is elected by the joint vote of the lenslature for a tenn of
four years at a salary of $3,500 per annum. Joseph Button is the present
commissioner, first appointed in 1906, and reappointed for succeeding
terms. [See Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14 for names of earlier officials.]
VOLUNTEER STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
THE, of Chattanooga, Tenn. Or^nized 1903; capital, $500,000.
Z. C. Patten, president; A. L. Key, vice-president and general manager;
Minor Morton, vice-president and agency manager; Oscar Mather,
treasurer; E. Leon Porter, secretary; Arthur W. Larsen, actuar\';
J. B. Steele, M.D., medical director; VV. B. Miller, general counsel.
w
WASHINGTON, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 189a-
1922.^ The insurance department in the State of Washington was
organized June 36, 1890, the secretary of state being charged with
the duties of supervision. The legislature in 1907 created a separate
insurance department, and under the act creating the department the
commissioner was elected at the regular election in 1908, and took
office January i, 1909. [See Cyclopedia for 1913-14 for list of earlier
officials. H. O. Fishback is the present commissioner.
WEST COAST LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 376 Pine
street, San Francisco, Cal. Organized 1906; capital, $250,000. John A.
Koster, president; T. C. Tilden and Victor Etienne, Jr. vice-presidents;
F. V. Keesling, vice-president and counsel; Chas. W. Helser, vice-
president and manner of agencies; Gordon Thomson, vice-president
and actuary; Geo. D. Clark, treasurer; George F. Limback and G. W.
Heins, assistant secretaries; C. C. Warner, assistant actuary; Dr.
W. R. Cluness, Jr., medical director; Dr. M. O. Austin, associate
medical director.
WESTERN AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY (mu-
tual). Fort Scott, Kan. Organized 1910. W. E. Brooks, president;
Oscar Rice, secretary and general manager. Formerly the Western
Automobile Indemnity Association, name changed in 192 1.
WESTERN AND SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COM-
PANY, Cincinnati, O. Organized 1888; capital, $750,000. W. J.
Williams, president; Charles F. Williams, vice-president; H. W.
Wannenwetsch and C. P. Johnson, second vice-presidents; Richard A.
Ryan, treasurer; J. F. Ruehlmann, secretary; S. E. Stilwell, actuary;
M. D. Schreiber, superintendent of agencies, (Eastern Division);
Samuel Smith, superintendent of agencies, (Central Division). William
Klusmeier, superintendent of agencies, (Western Division.)
WESTERN CASUALTY COMPANY. Denver. Col. Organized
1900; Charles F. Tew, president; C. M. Ireland, vice-president;
R. V. Towner, secretary and treasurer.
WESTERN INDEMNITY COMPANY. Dallas, Tex. (>rgan-
ized 1913; cash capital, $500,000. The company re-insured in the
Employers Indemnity Corporation, Kansas City, in 1920.
WESTERN LIFE INDEMNITY COMPANY, Masonic Temple.
Chicago, 111. Organized 1884. Geo. M. Moulton, president; A. M.
Ryan, secretary.
450 Cyclopedia of Insubancb
WESTERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Des Moines, la.
Organized 1907; capital, paid in, $193,525. Jas. H. Jamison, preadent;
A. D. Struthers, vice-president and treasurer; Harry D. St. John,
secretary; M. L. Turner, medical director; \I. M. Deming, agency
director; I. P. Mantz, actuary.
WESTERN MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION. Los Angeles,
Cal. Organized 1886. T. J. Armstrong, president; J. A. Kingsley, vice-
president; (Gilbert F. Stevenson, secretary and general manager;
O. E. Monnette, treasurer; C. H. Allen, superintendent of agencies;
The association, organized under the assessment laws, was reincor-
porated under legal reserve laws in 19 18.
WESTERN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Cheyenne, Wyoming. Organized 191 1 as the Wyoming Life; cash
capital, $225,000. J. T. Kendall, president; E. C. Brandenburg, vice-
president; W. E. Mullen, vice-president and general counsel; Dr. Geo.
P. Johnson, medical director; A. W. Pettit, secretary and treasurer;
W. E. Atchinson, superintendent of agents.
WESTERN RESERVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Muncie, Ind. Organized 1910. Cash capital, $101,968. J. H. Leffler,
president; C\ O. Trutzman, and M. A. Cunningham, vice-presidents;
John W. Dragoo, secretary; D. A. McLain, treasurer; H. H. Orr,
general counsel; Dr. L. L. Ball, medical director.
WESTERN STATES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, San
Francisco, Cal. Organized 1910; capital, $1,000,000. H. J. Saunders,
president; Marshall C. Harris, vice-president; G. M. Perine, vice-
president; T. G. Crothers, vice-president and general counsel; J. V.
Hawley, secretary and treasurer; J. L. Stratton, auditor; B. N. Coates,
assistant secretary and actuary; H. Ford, sup)erintendent of agencies;
H. W. Gibbons, medical director.
WESTERN UNION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. Spo-
kane, Wash. Organized 1906; capital, $200,000. R. L. Ruttcr,
president; True Uncapher, vice-president and general manager;
Leigh H. Milliken, secretary-treasurer; E. M. Heath, actuary; Dr.
C. S. Kalb medical director; Dale W. Slayter, assistaixt secretary and
treasurer.
W^ESTERN SURETY COMPANY, Sioux Falls, South d21^
Capital $250,000. Joe Kirby, president; Joe H. Kirby, secretar
P. F. Kirby, vice-president; D V. Kirby, vice-president and genera [
manager; Thomas H. Kirby, treasurer; J. L. Scallan, assistant secre-
tary.
WESTERN TRAVELERS ACCIDENT ASSOCIATION, OmaHa
Neb. Organized 1892. F. H. Garrett, president; W. H. Butts, secret: a rv'
Life and Casualty Section 451
WEST VIRGINIA, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN. 1864-
1922. By act of March ^, 1864, to the auditor of the State was as-
signed the duty of supervision of insurance. The term of the auditor
is for four years. John C. Bond is the present auditor of state.
WEST VIRGINIA LIFE UNDERWRITERS ASSOCIATION
was organized at a meeting held in Wheeling in July, 191 1. The
association was reorganized in 191 7, and the present officers, elected
in June 1921, are: President, Clyde O. Law; vice-president, George C.
Perkins; second vice-president, John H. Jenkins; secretary, Warren D.
Church, 1505 Market street, Wheeling; treasurer, George D. Cook.
WISCONSIN ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE
COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wis. Organized 19 15; capital, paid in,
$25,000. George E. Tyrrell, president; M. S. Tyrrell, vice-president;
R. W. Campion, secretary; Conrad Engsberg, treasurer.
WISCONSIN, INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1867-1922.
By Chapter ^6, Section 32, general laws of 1867, the secretary of state
was commissioner of insurance ex-officio, until the passage of Chapter
214, Laws of 1878, creating the office of commissioner of insurance.
The office was made elective by the people by Chapter 300, Laws of
1881. Under the laws of 191 1 the commissioner is appointed by the
governor for a term of four years, and the salary is $5,000 per annum.
[For list of former officials see Cyclopedia for 19 13- 14.] M.J. Cleary
resigned in 1919 and Piatt Whitman was appointed his successor.
WISCONSIN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE, Madison,
Wis. Organized 1895. N. J. Frey, presidenT:; A. C. Blackburn, vice-
president; F. P. Anderson, vice-president; C B. Chapman, treasurer;
E. J. B. Schubring, counsel; Philip Fox, medical director; Philip R.
Fox, assistant medical director; F. B. Taylor, second assistant medical
director; L. A. Regan, assistant secretary; O. A. Fried, actuary and
assistant secretar>-.
WISCONSIN LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY, Madi-
son, Wis. Organized, 1919; capital, paid-in $100,000. L. P. Mar-
tiny, president; R. Baker, secretary and treasurer: E. N. McGee,
vice-president and general manager.
WISCONSIN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Oshkosh, Wis. Organized 1908; capital, paid in, $400,000. Writes
'^.j; life, health, and accident insurance. C. R. Boardman, president and
general manager; H. I. Weed, vice-president and general counsel;
*. A. Labudde, treasurer: E. A. Hanks, superintendent of agencies and
issistant secretary; R. E. Martin, secretary and auditor; Donald F.
Campbell, consulting actuary; Arthur James, manager casualty dcpart-
ncnt; Dr. J. M. Conley, medical director.
■U';
^rt-
452 Cyclopedia of Insuxancb
WOMAN'S BENEFIT ASSOCIATION OF THE MACCA-
BEES, Port Huron, Mich. Organized 1893. Miss Bina M. West,
supreme commander; Miss Frances D. Partridge, supreme record
keeper; Mrs. M. Louise Hinrichs, supreme finance keeper; Dr. Ella J.
Fifield, supreme medical examiner.
WOODMEN ACCIDENT COMPANY, Lincoln. Neb. A. 0.
Faulkner, president and general manager; E. J. Faulkner, first vice-
president; W. E. Sharp, second vice-president; C. E. Spangler,
secretary; Frank Spangler, assistant secretary; Thomas S. Allen,
treasurer; A. R. Talbot, general attorney.
WORKINGMAN'S CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION, New
York, N. Y. Organized 1886. Fred Marauard, president; Otto W. G.
Marquard, vice-president; Ernest O. L. Marquard, treasurer; Henry
B. Salisbury, secretary. 63 Park Row.
WORKINGMEN'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE. Work-
men's compensation acts are now (J^^y 'i 1922) in force in forty-
two states and three territories. Acts are therefore in force in the
following states: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Penn-
sylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Ver-
mont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming,
Alaska, Hawaii and Porto Rico. In addition, there is a Federal law
applying to civil employees of the United States Government and of
the Panama Canal, the Panama Railroad Company and the Alaska
Engineering Commission, besides the soldiers and sailors' compensation
law, the New York elective compensation law and the Phillippine Law
for the compensation of injured employees of the insular government.
Companies
Aetna Casualty
Aetna Life ....
American Casualty
American Indemnity
Columbia Casualty
Commercial Casualty
Continental ....
Employers Casualty, Dallas .
Employers Indemnity, Mo. .
Employers' Liability
Eureka Casualty
European Accident
Federal Surety, South Dakota
Fidelity and Casualty
Fidelity and Deposit
Gener^ Accident
General Casualty and Surety
Georgia Casualty
Globe Indemnity
PremiumB
Written
Loees
Pbid
$160,070
10,871,446
68,153
13.221
414.052
677,265
$209,356
6,247,936
24.755
15.629
182.722
299488
38,669
789,968
10,740,471
6,467
519.690
7,012,279
38.256
4,000,634
9,980
2,216,023
a.sibUso
283,336
458,165
3.159.992
X.SO3.694
152.019
298,39s
1.566.530
Life and Casualty Sbction
453
Premiums
Comimnies Written
Hartford Accident $3,171,317
Indemnity Inc. Co. of North America .... 549iSa5
Iowa Bonding iX9.45x
Interstate Casualty 40.963
London Guarantee 6,599*585
London and Lancasliire 111,585
Manufacturers Casualty, Pa 185,408
Maryland Casualty 7.3i9t505
Massachusetts Bonding 136,304
New Amsterdam 1,537.0x1
New Jersey Fidelity 1.637
Norwich Union 333.563
Ocean Accident 5>693.58i
Republic Casualty 407.904
Royal Indemnity 2,786,330
Southern Surety 1.304.540
Standard Accident 3,535.693
Travelers 18,097.376
Travelers Indemnity 26,096
Union Indemnity 453 .760
United States Casualty 1.74X.131
United States Fidelity 6,488,166
Western Surety 71.000
Zurich General 2,736,775
Total X931 $96,739,363
Total 1930 114,346,678
Total 1919 97.153,069
ToUl 1918 93,035.330
Total 19x7 54.319,503
Losses
Paid
$1,866,408
148,227
07.336
83,593
4. 13 X. 893
65.3IX
70,934
4,631.471
133.365
877.954
X83
130,313
3,443.157
348.387
i,6o2,i6x
659.302
1.433.935
10,789.130
219.003
944.403
3.403.454
37,093
1,473,543
$56,693,196
56.034.4x5
43.366,284
37.025,94X
32,420,909
WORKMEiN'S COMPENSATION PUBLICITY BUREAU,
80 Maiden Lane, New York. Organized 191 2. F. Robertson Jones
is secretary and treasurer, and the following constitute the executive
committee, C. H. Neely, Ocean Accident and Guarantee, New York,
chairman; Samuel Appleton, Employers Liability, Boston; Charles C.
Bowen, Standard Accident, Detroit, The membership is composed of
the following companies: Continental Casualty; Employers' Liability;
General Accident Fire & Life; Hartford Accident & Indemnity; Hart-
ford Steam Boiler; Indemnity of North America; London Guarantee
and Accident; London and Lancashire Indemnity; Maryland Casualty;
Norwich Union Indemnity, Ocean Accident and Guarantee; Preferred
Accident ; Royal Indemnity; Standard Accident; United States Casualty;
National Automobile Underwriters' Conference; National Bureau of
Casualty and Surety Underwriters; National Council on Workmen's
Compensation Insurance.
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION RE-INSURANCE BUREAU,
New York, N. Y. The present officers, elected in February, 1922, are:
chairman, Theodore E. Gaty, Fidelity and Casualty; secretary, Milford
E. Jewett, Royal Indemnity; trustees: A. Duncan Reid, Globe Indem-
nity, D. G. Luckett, United States Casualty; other members of Board
of Governors: Charles H. Neely, Ocean Accident and Guarantee; and
Norman R. Moray, Hartford Accident and Indemnity; F. W. Lawson,
London Guarantee and Accident; i Liberty street, New York, N. Y.
454 Cyclopedia of Insurance
WORLD ACCIDENT ASSOCIATION. Omaha. Neb. Organized
1903. Dr. A. D. Cloud, president; Earl R. Stiles, vice-president; Ray
E. Smith, secretary and treasurer.
WYOMING. INSURANCE SUPERVISION IN, 1877-1922.
In Wyoming the first insurance legislation by act of December 13,
1877, placed the duties of supervision with the territorial auditor.
Under a law approved March 6, 1884, the office of insurance coai-
missioner was established, but in 1888 the office of insurance commis-
sioner was discontinued, and the auditor was made ex-officio insurance
commissioner. [For list of supervising officials see Cyclopedia for
1913.14.]
Robert B. Forsyth served until April, 192 1, when he resigned^
and was succeeded by Donald M. Forsyth.
Y
YOUNG MEN'S MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION, Cincinnati,
Ohio. Organized 1878. Wm. B. Melish, president; L. G. Hopkins, sec-
retary.
Z
ZURICH GENERAL ACCIDENT AND LIABILITY INSUR-
ANCE COMPANY, LIMITED, of Zurich, Switzerland, was organized
in 1872. The capital of the company is now $1,500,000. Its total cash
resources amount to over $30,000,000, of which a large proportion is sur-
plus over all liabilities. The capital of this company is principally held in
Switzerland and in order to maintain its Swiss character a resolution has
been passed providing that at least three-fourths of all the shares of
the company must be owned by and remain in the possession of persons
of Swiss nationality. The management of the company has always been
of a very high class and its prosperity has been progressive and its
reputation for integrity and fair dealing has become known wherever
it has transacted business. The United States branch of the Zurich
General was established in 191 2 and at the beginning of 192 1 its assets in
this country held exclusively for the protection of its policyholders here
amounted to $9,210,106.98.
The United States branch is situated at 431 insurance Exchange,
Chicago, and is in charge of Arthur W. Collins, United States Manager.
The Eastern Department which is at 45 John Street, New York, is
under the management of Assistant United States Manager John A.
Diemand.
FINANCIAL CONDITION OF COMPANIES
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Coodition December 3Z. I93x
Aetna Life, Hartford, Conn.
Agricultural, Mich.
Alabama National, Birmingham
American Bankers, Chicago, 111. .
American Central, Indianapolis, Ind.
American Home Life, Kansas
American, Dallas (re-ins.) .
American Life, Detroit, Mich. .
American, Denver, Col.
American Mutual. Lake Charies, La.
American National, Galveston, Tex.
American National (Mo.), St. Louis
American Re-insurance, Huntingdon. Pa.
Amicable Life, Waco, Tex.
Atlantic Life, Richmond, Va.
Atlas Life, Tulsa. Okla.
Baltimore Life, Baltimore, Md. .
Bankers Life, Des Moines, la.
Bankers of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.
Bankers Reserve, Omaha, Neb. .
Bank Savings. Topeka, Kan.
Beneficial Life. Salt Lake City. L'tah
Berkshire. Pittsfield, Mass.
Boston Mutual, Boston, Mass. .
Business Mens, Kansas City
Canada Life, Toronto. Can.
California State. Sacramento, Cal.
Capitol Life, Denver, Col. .
Carolina Life, Columbia, S. C. .
Cedar Rapids. Cedar Rapids, la.
Central Life, Fort Scott, Kan. .
Central Life of Illinois. Ottawa, 111.
Central Life, Des Moines, la.
Central States, Crawfordsville, Ind.
Central States, St. Louis, Mo. .
Century, Indianapolis .
Cleveland Life. Cleveland, O.
Colonial Life. Jersey City, N. J.
Columbia Life, Cincinnati, O. .
Columbia Life, Omaha, Neb.
Columbian National, Boston, Mass.
Columbus Mutual, Columbus, O.
Commonwealth, St. Louis, Mo. .
Commonwealth of Ky., Louisville. Ky.
Connecticut General, Hartford, Conn,
Connecticut Mutual, Hartford, Conn.
Conservative Life, Wheeling, W. Va.
Conservative Life, Sioux City, la.
Conservative Life, South Bend. Ind.
Continental Assur., Chicago, III.
Continental Life, St. Louis, Mo.
Continental Life, Wilmington, Del.
Cotton States Life, Tupelo, Miss.
Crescent Life, Indianapolis, Ind.
Dakota Life, Watertown, S. D.
Des Moines L. & A.. Des Moines, la.
Total Ad-
mitted
$191.7x8,046
776.137
1.945.S02
8,606,41a
756,568
583.030
6,366,443
1,133.320
274.745
1 1.672.937
1,179,261
3.072,13s
4,a6i,434
8,769,814
581,904
6.256,742
50.251,8x1
30,162,065
11,754.269
3.000,837
3.950,742
30.351.61 r
4,961,367
1,499.846
79.779.370
5,086,053
4,830,416
339,936
1,468,971
1,103.088
4,140,352
11.997,486
410,679
4.556,305
408,053
3.899.981
5.868,377
3,187.991
205.372
33,061,788
3.330.939
3,910.504
3.469.359
37.481,515
96,304.771
3,051,579
161,968
594.709
1,411,403
4.801,393
4,560,313
559.363
161,780
3,718,348
1,085,218
Surplus Un-
assigned Funds
Indnding
Capital
$33,379,523 $1
393.750
378,721
138,572
666.498
49.309
406,525
217,359
163.700
33.292
1,858,147
376,044
1,383,049
1,556,084
688,583
307.064
644,190
I.4I7.S3S
6,088,796
1.322,153
378,272
691,576
1.047.165
341.319
324,274
3,416,197
725.548
291.695
105.663
185.276
79,299
536,266
1,039,809
79.556
472,807
218,796
300,000
527.377
388,814
15.050
T.840.99Q
677.962
334.870
S8l,794
3,687.033
6,848,688
513,818
150,569
I3A,090
370,135
683,508
r.346.093
217,086
123.590
556,538
613,309
^Insurance
in Force
,304.-000,397
10.903.038
8.516,398
18.644.850
106.330,496
5.400.306
27.146.043
60,027,507
11,634,117
4.352,840
59.057.290
11.966,723
20,735.366
83,761^3
13.343,850
44,468.695
610.67^ 600
94.840,01 1
79,979,038
I7.S42J46
38,376,575
131.037.062
32.593.364
3.568,17s
315.548.035
43.783.412
48,709.019
6,365.324
14.010,604
li.S72.13S
39.321.332
108,340.977
4,677.565
55«9l2/>83
7,391.153
30,711.433
5.525.687
14,433,77s
1. 95 1. 747
150.971,160
35,105,669
35.576.64*
38,116,413
410,248,133
413,239.004
31.960.384
790.533
11.845,38s
33,658,834
37.235.840
35.320,453
7.017.594
1.834,170
31,003,885
12.714.356
•(Drdinary business only.
Life and Casualty Section
457
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Condition December 31 • X93X
Detroit Life, Detroit. Mich.
Durham Life. Durliam, N. C. .
Elgin Life, 111
Elkhom Life & Accident. Norfolk, Neb.
Equitable Life, New York, N. Y.
Equitable Life, Waahington. D. C.
Equitable of Iowa, Des Moines, la.
Equity Life, Omaha. .
Equity Life. Great Falls. Ind. .
Eureira Life. Baltimore. Md.
Farmers, Denver, Colo.
Farmers ^ Bankers, Wichita. Kan.
Farmers & Traders. Syracuse. N. Y.
Farmers National. Chicago. 111. .
Federal Life. Chicago. 111. .
Federal Reserve, Kansas City. Kan.
Federal Union. Cincinnati, Ohio
Fidelity Mutual. Philadelphia, Pa.
First National. Pierre. S. D.
First Texas Prudential. Galveston
Fort Worth Life. Fort Worth. Tex.
Franklin Life, Springfield, 111. .
Gate City, Greensboro, N. C. .
Gem City Life, Dajrton, O.
George Washington, Charleston, W.Va.
Girard Life. Philadelphia, Pa. .
Grange Life, Lansing, Mich.
Great American, Hutchinson, Kansas
Great Northern, Grand Forks, N. D.
Great Northern, Wausau, Wis. .
Grc^t Republic, Los Angeles, Cal.
Great Southern, Houston, Tex. .
Great State, Wichita, Kan.
Guarantee Fund, Omaha, Neb. .
Guaranty Life, Davenport, la. .
Guardian, New York .
Gulf Coast Line, Gulfport. Miss.
Hawkeye Life, Des Moines
Ho^e Friendly, Baltimore, Md..
Home Life, New York
Home Life of America, Philadelphia
Home Life & Accident, Little Rock. Ark.
Idaiio State, Boise, Td. .
Illinois Li'e. Chicago. III. .
Illinois Bankers, Monmouth, 111.
Independent, Nashville
Indianapolis Life, Indianapolis, Ind.
Indiana National, Indianapolis, Ind.
Inter-Mountain, Salt Lake City, Utah
International Life, St. Louis, Mo.
International L. &. T., Moline. III. .
Inter-Southern Life, Louisville, Ky. .
Iowa Life, Waterloo, la. . . .
Jefferson Standard, Greensboro, N. C.
T<^n Hancock, Mutual, Boston, Mass.
Kansas City Life, Kansas City. Mo.
yananji Life, Topeka, Kan.
Kentucky Central, Anchorage. Ky.
Knights Life, Pittsburgh, Pa. .
La Fayette Life, La Fayette, Ind. .
Lamar Life, Jackson, Miss.
Total Ad-
mitted
Assets
ta,a68,5X4
378,41a
a7ai078
44S/H0
655>30i,ox8
1,902,098
39.a34.839
33,290
xio,X9a
1,253.474
2,917.340
3,372,834
1,063.17 X
1 .393.136
S, 62s. 824
478.17X
1,000.938
47.5x0,589
1,836.072
439.668
2.043.69s
13.363.529
X76.9SO
455.9x8
2.657.874
2.534.054
1, 166,815
408,853
7 77, 62 X
1,719,761
1.736.477
10,860,83 X
x84,X32
4.9x9.942
1,254.405
4X,X52.050
457.058
200,056
876.X4X
43.232.328
2.671.163
1,838.627
2,053,179
10.413.847
2,246,571
803,144
2,594.488
2,449.6qi
1,233,463
17,819,465
395,486
6,873.447
618,973
I7,ii0.S4X
239,693,371
22,010,867
1,367,067
696,675
513,401
2,45i.xio
X, 698,777
Surplus Un-
assigned Funds
Including
Capital
S275.586
40,865
X05.42X
19.563
38,x87>036
229.1x9
2,428.727
39.146
X03,397
226,115
375.509
737.893
4x2,155
439.474
413,385
263,602
265,128
1,904,844
376,646
114.327
280,713
861,4x9
83,072
119,76s
3x4,389
5X7,X04
425,940
x88,250
285,584
251,351
556,105
690,34X
49,392
3,536,337
165,399
3,790,504
X 85,050
1x8,139
338,907
980,991
387.894
400.493
356,497
1. 349,83 X
312.386
113,163
221,363
301,163
1,511,352
108,359
823,050
115,558
1,139,316
■3,333,313
1,080,520
306,S4Q
361,231
325,170
306,863
190,373
insurance
in Force
|27.xx8/Jbo
xo,8o7.433
i,X34.475
3.95S.50I
2,8x7.970,732
23.397.x 20
386,934,616
404,500
633.000
3,588,053
13.585.089
31.643.877
XX, 550,000
33,392,907
46,706,136
12,627,500
30,587.107
a33.8x5.xo6
15.366,797
9.626,376
15.7x3,592
130,004,1x0
5,140,458
17.343,435
x8,4i8,o65
X 2,093.989
5.652,057
6,7xx,2i4
14,593,930
X 7. 082, 737
X03 .680.05 X
7,267.83 X
X41, 89^.500
X 5,704,586
X98,248,i66
5.090,305
6,790,000
223,116,887
26,164,5x5
12,010,44s
23.019,045
136,485,045
2,893,859
30,293,352
IS.828,372
13.344,382
138,239,918
5,019,353
59,204,201
4,299,355
165,340,19s
835,964,486
236,711,331
13,014,326
10,911.092
16,304.840
19.902.714
«Ordinary business only.
458
Cyclopedia of Insurance
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Condition December 31 , 192 1
Liberty Life, Topeka .
Liberty Life, Des Moines
Liberty Life, Chicago
Liberty National, Cape Girardeau
Life Ins. Co. of Virginia, Richmond, Va
Lincoln National, Fort Wayne, Ind.
Lincoln Liberty, Neb. .
Lincoln Reserve, Birmingham, Ala.
Louisiana State, Shreveport, La.
Lutheran International, MoJine, 111.
Manhattan Life, New York, N. Y.
Manhattan Mutual, Kansas
Maryland, Assurance, Baltimore
Maryland, Baltimore, Md. .
Marquette Life, Springfield, 111.
Masonic Life Asso., Buffalo
Masonic Mutual, Washington, D. C.
Massachusetts Mutual, Springfield, Mass,
Medical Life, Waterloo, la. .
Merchants Life, Des Moines, la.
Metropolitan, New York, N.Y. .
Methodist Minister Relief, Boston
Michigan Mutual, Detroit, Mich.
Mid-Continent, Muskogee, Okla.
Midland, St. Paul, Minn.
Midland Life, Kansas City, Mo. .
Midland Mutual, Columbus, O. .
Midwest Life, Lincoln, Neb.
Minnesota Mutual, St. Paul, Minn.
Mississippi Life, Memphis, Tenn.
Missouri State, St. Louis, Mo.
Modem Life, St. Paul .
Montana Life, Helena, Mont.
Morris Plan, New York
Mutual Benefit, Newark, N.J.
Mutual Life, New York, N. Y. .
Mutual Trust, Chicago, III..
Mutual of Baltimore, Baltimore, Md,
Mutual of Illinois, Springfield, 111.
National American, Burlington, la.
National Benefit, Washington, D. C.
National Fidelity, Sioux City, la.
National Life, Montpelier, Vt. .
National, Albuquerque, N. M. .
National Life of U. S. of A., Chicago
National Life Asso., Iowa .
National Guardian. Madison, Wis.
National Reserve. Topeka. Kan.
New England Mutual, Boston, Mass.
New World Life, Spokane, Wash.
New York Life. New York, N. Y.
Niagara Life, Buffalo, N. Y.
North American, Chicago, 111.
North American, Toronto .
North American L. & C. Minneapolis
North American, Omaha, Neb. .
North Carolina Mutual, Durham, N. C,
Northern Life, Seattle, Wash.
Northern States Life, Hammond, Ind,
Northern States, Minneapolis
Northernwestern, Omaha, Neb. .
Total Ad-
mitted
Asseta
(497.943
222,264
113.284
365.720
a8.30S,449
12,804,079
266,263
838,503
873.148
Surplus Un-
assigned Funds
Including
Capital
$150,386
182,533
108,801
210,896
3.549.303
1,159,042
142,660
189.74a
319.959
19,818,205
58,586
842,718
4.382,558
1,176,331
4.603,095
147,090,913
129,525
5,148,144
1,115.583,024
310,541
15,994,131
980,169
993,344
2,228,143
5,821,498
1,991,751
9,243.506
385.361
33,844.503
147.896
4,071,210
308,822
306,440,101
677,505,499
7,512,613
3.199.I17
380,053
774.215
597,859
1.152,273
79,762,454
413,723
21,468,853
1,768,107
1,576,684
294,311
116,208,826
4.305,528
952,632,139
2,008,019
6,755.155
223,896
1,487,742
1,564.253
3.203,384
1,265,831
288,976
191,410
828,964
25.929
560,178
292,709
264,979
306,561
6,519,002
125,188
1. 187.900
47,241,179
22,040
1,103,567
202,416
220,750
133,956
480,615
242,246
694,658
105,953
3,189.814
114,322
708,476
271,793
16,528,686
28,051,587
635,129
445.380
234,605
138,746
175,749
176,897
3.749,421
190,842
1,233,284
1.168,331
237,716
243,609
5.241,440
1.697.724
16,935,196
165.180
907,664
140,606
15,198
108,999
389,034
233,795
138,454
101,008
^Insurance
in Force
$11,322,500
2,096,075
254.500
2.223,500
78.355.055
197 .975.418
6,523,400
8.238,998
9.453,862
70,646,801
1.626,454
10,071,161
16,813,96s
6,967,009
101,222,295
817,054,519
347,000
80,435.305
3.892,267,274
2.279,741
90,138,869
22,475,327
8,205,965
23,764.226
47,029.354
18.504,823
78,129,303
10,204^34
340,417,028
670.000
32,154,768
1,419.550
1,415.984.749
2,472,651.779
69,693.209
4 1. 8 10 J 17
6^)60,763
7,766,511
10,836.337
15.051,657
333.894.264
5.375.832
136,949.716
71,156,000
17,758,232
9.511.000
6094IS.083
28,927,308
3,816,098,524
9,666,814
60.166.725
1,191,779
13.574.140
33,763,816
24.459,292
12,265,150
5,256.819
2.154.000
^Ordinary business only.
Life and Casualty Section
459
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Condition December 31, X93x
Northwestern National, Minneapolis, Minn.
Northwestern Mutual, Milwaukee, Wis.
Occidental, Albuquerque. N. M.
Occidental Life, Los i^oigeles.Cal.
Ohio National , Cincinnati, O.
Ohio State. Columbus, O.
Old Colony, Chicago, III. .
Old Line Life, Milwaukee, Wis.
Old Line, Lincoln, Neb.
Omaha Life, Omaha. Neb. .
Oregon Life, Portland, Ore. .
Our Home, Washington, D. C. .
Pacific Mutual, Los Angeles, Cal.
Pan-American, New Orleans, La.
Penn. Mutual, Philadelphia, Pa.
People's Life, Baltimore, Md.
People's Life, Chicago, 111. .
People's Life, Frankford, Ind.
People's Mutual Benefit, Washington. D. C.
Peoria Life, Peoria, 111. .
Philadelphia Life, Philadelphia, Pa.
Phoenix Mutual. Hartford, Conn.
Policyholders Life, Sioux Falls
Postal Life, New York. N. Y.
Prairie Life, Omaha, Neb. .
Preferred Life, Toi>eka .
Preferred Risk. Omaha
Presbnerian Min. Fund, Philadelphia
Protective Life, Birmingham, Ala.
Provident Life, Bismarck, N. D.
Provident Life & A., Chattanooga
Provident L.andT., Philadelphia, Pa.
Providers Life. Chicago, 111.
Prudential, Newark, N. J. .
Public Life, Chicago
Public Savings, Indianapolis, Ind.
Puritan Life, Providence, R. I. .
Quick Payment Old Line, St. Louis
Register Life, Davenport, la.
Reinsurance Life, Des Moines .
Reliance Life, Pittsburgh, Pa. .
Reserve Loan, Indianapolis, Ind.
Rockford Life, Rockford, III.
Roman Standard, Manistee, Mich.
Royal Union. Des Moines, la. .
San Jacinto Life, Beaumont, Tex.
Scranton Life, Scranton, Pa.
Security Life of America, Chicago
Security L. & T. Greensboro, N. C.
Security Mutual, Binghamton, N. Y
Security Mutual, Lincoln, Neb.
Shenandoah Life, Roanoke. Va.
Southeastern Life, Greenville, S. C.
Southern Life & Trust, Greensboro, N. C.
Southern States. Atlanta, Ga.
Southern Aid, Richmond. Va.
Southern Union, Waco, Tex.
Southland Life. Dallas, Tex.
Southwestern Life, Dallas, Tex.
Standard Life, Atlanta, Ga.
Standard Life, St. Louis, Mo.
Total Ad-
mitted
Assets
$Z3,4S0,92S
S07.085.694
1,667.087
3.695.193
3,146,441
3.275.791
2,148.177
3,750,243
868,345
931.884
3.282,152
341.647
65.199.251
10,000.680
233 .985. 548
15.021
801,300
2,173.844
559.703
5.086,670
8,155.801
62,687.601
63.792
10,272,978
527.031
164,578
169,118
Ii,8i9.l4S
1,684,383
842,137
1, 110,800
128,399,518
583.760
789.508,224
676,774
1,760,147
952,479
196,386
3,247,726
1,087.904
17,949,622
5,752.670
894.168
213,266
10,945.271
632,692
4.757,771
4.442,069
255.971
12,156.129
2.556,8x2
1.367.692
1,697.274
5,763.693
4,161,566
588.215
1 ,080.874
6,249.105
lo.3x5.S8r
1,554.424
3.373.5x4
Surplus Un-
assigned Funds
Including
Capital
$839,200
25.535.754
188,34s
404.782
697,546
410,536
3x8,463
1,045,170
3X3,739
177,368
399.87s
97.038
3,350,X76
1,541,167
8,09X,909
6,733
130,8x4
368,433
75,768
350,529
741.5x7
2,572,446
9,717
377,866
100,868
140,867
1x0.5x3
7x3,560
394,X45
334,349
365,383
9,x83,935
184.5 IX
34.3x8,375
606,743
356,588
333,554
S6,779
157,9x3
901,9x6
1,553,6x6
393,336
349,69 X
X07,X40
577. 043
240.59s
400,80 X
424.105
175,6X3
517.314
43.S06
757,992
159.627
1,122,998
158,765
468.892
194.354
642, X 70
1.339.095
168,757
593.702
"^Insurance
in Force
$139,868,889
2.350,450,298
16.339.904
39fS 10.770
35.006,473
30.767.x 88
22,938.553
38.567.995
X4,30X,858
IX, 268,533
36,544,008
3.453.X99
390.x 56,043
87,648,741
1.090,757.509
7,x 77,694
33,353,1x6
66,383,86s
63,877,762
333,735,330
3,867.500
43,833,336
5.538.423
3.3X9.309
3,x6i,8xo
33.966,08a
x5.77x.444
IX, 363,9x4
10,654.580
574.733.857
6,986,353
3,513.388,316
3,434.000
46,604.572
4.409,381
5,378,348
34,341,374
25.105.378
218,366,038
50,3x5.351
10.009.9x0
3,786,333
65.282,454
10,365,281
26,763.407
37.xoo,96i
4.731.950
69.09x.x09
16,133.300
x6. 331,992
17.500,000
48,744,462
37.266.499
9,X99,S26
66.291.828
95.394.985
20.596.87 X
43 .853. 021
^Ordinary business only.
460
Cyclopedia of Insurancb
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES
Condition December 31. 1931
Standard Life (Pa.). Pittsburgh. Pa.
State Life. Des Moines. la. .
State Life, Indianapolis, Ind.
State Life, Great Falls, Mont.
State Mutual, Worcester, Mass.
St. Joseph Life, St. Joseph, Mo. ,
St. Louis Mutual, St. Louis, Mo.
Sun Life, Canada .
Sun Life, Baltimore, Md. .
Surety Fund Life, Minneapolis
Teachers Ins. & A., N. Y. .
Texas Life. Waco, Tex.
Toledo Travelers, Toledo, O.
Travelers, Hartford, Conn.
Travelers Equitable. Minneapolis
Twin City Life, Minneapolis, Mixm.
Two Republics, El Paso, Tex.
Union Central , Cincinnati . O.
Union Life, Rogers. Neb. .
Union Mutual, Portland, Me. .
Union National, Texas
United Fidelity, Dallas, Tex. .
United Life & Accident. Concord. N. H.
United States. New York, N. Y.
Universal. Dubuque, la.
Volunteer State Life, Chattanooga, Tenn.
West Coast, San Francisco .
Western & Southern, Cincinnati, O.
Western Life, Des Moines, la. .
Western Life Indemnity, Chicago. III.
Western National, Cheyenne, Wy.
Western Reserve, Munde, Ind. .
Western States, San Francisco, Cal.
Western Union, Spokane, Wash.
Wisconsin Life, Madison, Wis. .
Wisconsin National, Oshkosh. Wis.
Total Ad-
mitted
$3,726,849
1.853.337
26,331,356
547.838
73.3x9.1x3
1,183.683
1,784,746
3V5S3.918
1,651, X03
3,603,098
363,050
3X9,005.683
387,831
375.127
660,939
161,681,751
19,030,6X9
180,752
567.2x9
3,168,560
6,255,074
559.658
6,2x8,548
6,795.259
28,295.931
I. X 24.338
140,739
703.531
568,333
6,33 X, 836
6,076,3x9
837,931
3,336,763
Surplus Un-
igned Funds
Including
Capital
$4x3.773
077. -78
2.576,X50
x86,7io
4.015.364
323,178
X64.436
583.430
573.583
289,750
103,772
17,688,905
169,736
142,486
138,391
8,277.490
504^590
160,558
514.024
756,730
333.647
538,439
600,000
497,333
3,136,388
309,073
86,735
278,547
110.786
1,217.463
700,879
48.232
6x6,343
^Insurance
in Force
$14,104,351
17,570.599
150,910,5 1 1
5.0x7.088
338.376,59s
10,178,696
8,804,254
2,564,344
5.S78JS2
18,974.622
2,047.133
1.756,489.826
X, 766,000
4.142.453
7.064.455
83 X, 847,012
73.044.990
3,303,253
5,766,651
30,6x6.094
34.429,104
3,806,970
56,139,141
46,683,538
365.081,084
14.453.903
8.9x7,026
10,367402
3,833.428
50,719,68s
53.260,054
8,638.534
20,6x4.893
^Ordinary business only.
CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANIES
Aetna Casualty and Surety, Hartford, Conn.
American Automobile, St. Louis, Mo.
American Casualty, Reading, Pa.
American Credit Indemnity. St. Louis, Mo
American Fidelity, Montpelier, Vt.
American Guaranty, Columbus, Ohio
American Indemnity, Galveston, Tex.
American Liability, Cincinnati, O.
American Live Stock ....
American Mutual Liability, Boston, Mass.
American Re-insurance, F^.
American Surety, New York, N. Y. .
Atlantic Guaranty & Title, N. J.
Boston Casualty, Boston, Mass. .
Rankers Accident, Des Moines, la.
Rankers Automobile, Lincoln, Neb.
Bankers Casualty, Minn.
Bankers' Deposit, G. & S., Topeka, Kan.
Bond and Mort. Guar., Brooklyn
Brotherhood Accident, Boston, Mass.
Business Men's Indemnity, Indianapolis, Ind.
Capital City Surety, Albany, N. Y. .
Capital Live Stock. Topeka, Kan.
rplina Mutual, Celina, O. . . .
Clover Leaf Casualty, Jacksonville, 111.
Columbia Casualty, N. Y. .
Commercial Casualty, Newark, N. J. .
Coro'1 Travelers' Eastern Accident, Boston, Mass
Commercial Travelers Mutual, Utica, N. Y
Commonwealth Casualty, Philadelphia, Pa.
Continental Casualty, Chicago, 111.
Detroit Fidelity & Surety
Eastern Casualty, Boston
Employers Casualty ....
Employers Indemnity, Kansas City, Mo.
Employers Liability (U. S. Branch). Boston. Mass.
Employers Mutual, New York, N. Y.
Eureka Casualty, Philadelphia, Pa.
European General (U. S. Branch), New York, N. V
Exchange Mutual, BufFalo, N. Y.
Expressmen's Mutual Benefit, N. Y.
Federal Casualty, Detroit, Mich.
Federal Mutual Liability, Boston, Mass.
Fidelity and Casualty, New York, N. Y.
Fidelity and Deposit, Baltimore, Md.
General Accident (U. S. Branch), Philadelphia, Pa.
General Casualty and Surety. Detroit .
General Casualty & Surety, New York
General Indemnity. Rochester, N. Y.
Georgia Casualty, Macon, Ga.
Globe Indemnity, New York, N. Y. .
Great American Casualty, Chicago
Great American Mutual Indemnity, Mansfield. O.
Great Western Accident, Des Moines, la. .
Guarantee Co., of N. Am. (U. S. Br.), Montreal. Can.
Hartford Accident and Indemnity, Hartford, Conn.
Hartford Live Stock
Admitted
Assets
Dec. 3X. loax
$15,458,865
3,258,4x9
1,458,346
3,0x1,951
334,387
437,035
1.839,637
355.848
305,381
UabiliUes
except capital
Dec. 31. X93X
$x 0,386,357
3,643.4x9
739,074
1,996,413
86473
3,073,13s
x4.904.97s
159.680
333,665
374.844
376.536
18.345
196.909
88,8x3
636,490
3,783, X06
5,1X0,036
Hartford Steam Boiler, Hartford, Conn.
Hoosier Casualty, Indianapolis, Ind. .
Indemnity of America, St. Louis .
944.835
8,007,584
541.736
36,073,177
13,193,007
8,453.X3X
X, 539,839
6,497,437
5I7,X00
3,370,483
15.131,309
315.990
569,377
3,738,038
13.593,379
1. 374.160
9.633,088
313,490
960,171
839.637
I9,79X
308,165
X, 790,086
8,l6x,763
34.633
333,399
162,370
160,933
10,166
798
81*769
406,680
X, 447 .6x6
3,6X0,035
X,373,30X
963,931
674,036
333,8X7
8,8XX,390
6,811,390
1,467,369
136,597
164.335
35.435
300,361
94.093
3.068,035
1,058,398
30,303,031
34.698.903
445.534
6,857,584
133.848
X 9,083, 700
7,776,180
6,974.35X
837.766
5,496,330
33.5IX
1,738.399
I3,xi7.i66
93,557
319.377
563,309
10,383,738
479,089
5.213,075
47.945
669.853
462
Cyclopedia of Insurance
Tenn.
. Chicaco
CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANIES
Indemnity of North America, Philaddphia. Pa.
Interboro Mutual. New York, N. Y. .
International Fidelity, Jersey City, N. J.
International Indemnity, Los Angeles, Cs
Inter Ocean Casualty, Cincinnati, O. .
Interstate Casualty, Ala., Birmingham, Ala.
Interstate Life and Accident, Chattanooga
Interstate Business Mens, Des Moines
Interstate Surety, Redfield, S. Dak. .
Iowa Boqding, Des Moines, la .
Iowa Mutual Liability, Cedar Rapids
Iowa State Traveling Mens, Des Moines
Kansas Casualty and Surety, Wichita. Kan.
Kaskaskia Live Stock, m. .
Liberty Mutual. Boston
Life and Casualty, Nashville, Tenn. .
Lincoln Accident, Lincoln, Neb. .
Lloyds Plate Glass, New York
London Guarantee and Accident (U. S. Br
London & Lancashire Indemnity, New York, N. Y.
Loyal Protective, Boston, Mass. .
Manufacturers' Casualty. Phila., Pa. .
Manufacturers Liability, Jersey City, N. J
Maryland Casualty, Baltimore. Md. .
Masonic Accident. Springfield, Mass. .
Masonic Protective. Worcester, Mass.
Massachusetts Accident, Boston, Mass.
Massachusetts Bonding, Boston, Mass.
Medical Protective. Fort Wayne. Ind.
Merchants L. & C, Minneapolis, Minn.
Metropolitan Live Stock
Metropolitan Casualty, New York. N. Y.
Michigan Mutual Liability, Detroit
Midland Casualty. Milwaukee. Wis. .
Midwest, Wichita. Kansas .
Motor Car Mutual Casualty, New York
Mutual Boiler, Boston, Mass.
National Accident, Lincoln, Neb. .
National Accident, N. Y.
National Casualty, Detroit, Mich.
National Relief, Philadelphia, Pa.
National L. & A., Nashville, Tenn
National Surety, New York, N. Y.
Nebraska Live Stock, Omaha
New Amsterdam Casualty, New York, N. Y.
New Jersey Fidelity and Plate Glass, Newark, N. J
New Jersey Manufacturers' Casualty, Trenton, N. J
New York Plate Glass, New York, N. Y. .
New York Title
North American Accident, Chicago, 111.
Northern Casualty, Aberdeen, S. D.
Northern Indemnity, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Norwich Union Indemnity, N. Y.
Ocean Ace. & Guar. (U. S. Br.), New York, N. Y.
Ohio Casualty, Hamilton, O
Oregon Surety and Casualty, Portland, Ore.
Peerless Casualty, Keene. N. H
Penn. Manufacturers Association, Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Surety, Harrisburg, Pa.
Pioneer, Lincoln, Neb.
Preferred Accident, New York, N. Y.
Printers and Bookbinders Mutual, N. Y. .
Provident Life and Accident, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Redmen's Fraternal, Westfield, Mass.
Republic Casualty, Pittsburg, Pa.
Admitted
Dec. 31, X93I
$4,021,155
1,051.667
1,473,058
1,969.954
422.565
746,58a
289.B93
518,156
356,633
1.753,508
Liabllitiet
except capital
Dec. 31. 1921
$3,460,499
557,921
l8o,S63
1,513,86?
1 14,656
343.SOI
137.623
315,228
98.372
473.129
336,680
790.595
313,076
7,436.373
1.952.5
874.540
1,738.064
17.465.764
3.689.454
743,633
998.447
3.423.707
38.869.833
359.736
2.337.340
606.166
6,983,343
1.139.934
237.641
154.297
1. 322.135
309.146
348.708
350.801
100.035
514.639
173,243
7,157,004
25,034.408
343,744
8,395.257
3,604.434
l.30i,o6x
1.573,833
1,099,839
445,409
3,026.503
19.244.843
455.117
380,894
196,199
4,185,928
591,400
101,639
7.510,146
1,110,799
2.150.859
420,370
89.953
5.993.917
X,257j66
345.681
932,930
15.785.619
2,574.287
397.573
530,299
1.516357
19.798483
305.93B
1,933499
331.166
4,777.356
734.218
X 39.204
52,106
888.586
'64.9SS
66.584
137 .251
«■ ■• •• ••
Z60.319
30.176
5,796,713
x4.37i.16l
70.092
6.695.257
1.706.243
697.663
I.030.347
723.712
56.568
938.793
17,871.692
175.971
99460
31.221
2.373*345
54.229
47.975
5. 8 10. 146
745417
1. 087 42 1
Life and Casualty Section
463
Admitted
CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANIES AMets
Dec. 31. ipax
Ridgely Protective, Worcester, Mass $645,874
Royal Indemnity, New Yorlc, N. Y 15.653.24A
Security Mutual, Chicago 6,281,006
Southern Life and Health, Birmingham .... 178,566
Southern Surety, Dea Moines, la 6,007,996
Standard Accident, Detroit, Mich 14,231,085
Standard Live Stock, Indianapolis, Ind 437,56o
Texas Indemnity, Galveston 343,304
Time Insurance Company, Milwaukee, Wis. 115,488
Travelers Indemnity, Hartford, Conn 8,790,305
Union Automobile, Lincoln, Neb 623,326
Union Indemnity, New Orleans, La 3,894,615
United States Casualty, New York, N. Y. ... 7,362,094
United States Fidelity, Baltimore, Md 33.572,450
United States Guarantee, New York, N. Y. . 1,823.732
United States Mutual Liability, Mass
United States Plate Glastf, Philadelphia, Pa. . . . 209,282
Utica Mutual Compensation, Utica, N. Y. 2,034,747
Utilities Mutual, New York
Vermont Accident, Rutland, Vt 26,058
Western Automobile Ind., Fort Scott, Kan.
Wisconsin Accident and Health 60.383
Woodmen Acddent, Lincoln, Neb 761,672
Workingman's Co-operative, New York .... 149,134
Zurich General (U. S. Branch), Chicago, 111. . . 9,210,106
LtabiliUes
except capital
Dec. 31. X92X
f303,432
11,286,270
4,167,200
116,050
4.453.621
11,206,3x4
68,134
211,0X3
56,056
6,255,274
380,914
2460,365
5,852,056
23.838,309
737 .41 5
48,870
1,466,718
5,053
23.070
X 52,861
4.x 25
7,701,692
Biographical Sketches
Biographical Sketclies
ABELS, HENRY, vice-president of the Franklin Life Insur-
ance Company, Springfield, 111., is a native of Illinois, and was born
on a farm in Jasper County, February 19, 1867. After leaving school
he accepted a clerkship in the ofRce of the secretary of state, and on
leaving this position acquired his first experience in life insurance as
a solicitor for the Franklin Life Association. He accepted a position
as pardon clerk under Governor Joseph W. Fifer, and following a
connection with the Illinois National Bank of Springfield, again en-
tered life insurance work as general agent of the Fidelity Mutual
Life Association of Philadelphia. In 1896 he accepted a position in
the home office of the Fidelity, and two years later returned to the
Franklin Life, and assisted in the reorganization of that company.
He was appointed auditor, later became secretary, and is now vice-
president of the company. He was elected president of the American
Life Convention at the annual meeting in 19 13, and served two terms
as a member of the executive committee of that organization.
ADLARD, WALTER, vice-president and secretary of the Massa-
chusetts Fire and Marine Insurance Company, 4 Liberty Square, Bos-
ton, Mass. is of English and Dutch descent, and was born in Brooklyn,
N. Y., May 20, 1866. He was educated in the Brooklyn public schools
and from 1883 to 1899 ^^^^ ii> ^^^ employ of the Queen Insurance Com-
pany in clerical and special agency work. In the latter ^ear he was
appointed New England special agent for the Continental Fire
Insurance Company, and was also special agent for the Fidelity
Insurance Company and Fidelity Underwriters. He resigned this
position to accept his present position on the organization of the
company in 1910.
AHERN, JOHN E., secretary accident department of the Travelers
Insurance Company, was born in Hartford, August 6, 1880, and after
graduating from the Hartford Public High School, entered the service of
the Travelers in July, 1898. He began in the accident department, and
was appointed chief clerk in 1905 and assistant secretary in 191 1.
He was elected secretary of the accident department in 1912.
ALBRIGHT, DR. CHARLES E., Milwaukee, Wis., was born in
Dancyville, Tenn., January i, 1867. He was graduated from Rush
Medical College in 1889, and two years later entered the employ of
the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company as an assistant
medical director. This position he resigned in July 1903, and after
spending a year and a half in travel in Europe, took up agency wotk
for the Northwestern Mutual, in which field he has made a notable
record as a large personal producer.
468 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ALBRITTON, E. S., former second vice-president of the Minne-
sota Mutual Life Insurance Company, St. Paul, Minn., was bom in
Toledo, Ohio, April lo, 1884. He was graduated from Northwestern
University in June 1907, and in September of that year b^an his insur-
ance career as special agent for the agency of Trezevant & Cochran, Dal-
las, Texas. He entered life insurance in 1909 as assistant state manager
for Texas for the Kansas City Life Insurance Company, and in tne
following year accepted a position as assistant superintendent of
agencies for the Capitol Lite Insurance Company of Denver, Col.
He accepted the position of Superintendent of Agencies with The
Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company May i, 191 1. On Novem-
ber I, 19 1 8, he was promoted to second vice-president in charge of
agencies with The Minnesota Mutual Life. On Jan. i, 1922 Mr.
Albritton resigned as second vice-president of the Minnesota Mutual
to enter field work for his company. He returned to Dallas, Texas, his
old home, where he and Sam R. Weems organized the partnership of
Weems & Albritton, Texas State Managers for the Minnesota Mutual
Life Insurance Company, with offices in the Magnolia building, Dallas
Texas.
ALLAN, C. E., Pacific Coast Department Manager of the Liver-
pool and London and Globe Insurance Company of England and
Star Insurance Company of America, is a native of Canada, and was
born in Strathroy, Ontario, April 18, 1882. He was educated in
the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio, and began his business career in
the merchandise business in San Francisco. He began his insurance
career in a brokerage ofhce in San Francisco in 1906; later entering the
Pacific Coast department offices of the Liverpool and London and
Globe Insurance Companies, left them in 1908 to go into loss adjustment
work and at time of entering service of Continental was general manager
of Pacific Coast Adjustment Bureau. He entered the service of the
Continental and allied companies in 1919 as secretary of the Pacific
Coast department and on February i, 1922, accepted his present
position.
ALLEN, EDWIN STANTON, assistaiit secretary of the iEtna
Insurance Company, is a son of the late Francis B. Allen, vice-president
of the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company,
and was born in New York city, July 12, 1871. He was educated
in the public schools of New York city and Hartford, graduating froro
Trinity College in 1894. He entered the service of the iEtna after
leaving college, and has been with the company continuously, serving
it in various capacities as clerk, examiner, special and general agent-
He was elected to his present position in May 1907.
ALLEN, FRANCIS BURKE, vice-president Hartford Steam
Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company. [See Death Roll]
ANDERSON THOMAS H., manager eastern department of the
LiverfKDol and London and Globe Insurance Company, New York,
N. Y., is a native of Texas and began his insurance career in his father's
Biographical Sketches 469
local agency. After some years experience in local agency work he
entered the field as special agent in the Texas field. Later he joined a
general agency, and in 1894 became connected with the southern
department of the Liverpool and London and Globe. He was appointed
deputy assistant manager in 1898, and in 1914, was transferred to
the company's Pacific Coast department as assistant manager. He
became manager of the Pacific Coast department in 191 7, and was
appointed to his present ]x>sition January i, 1922.
ANGELL, CHARLES HART, actuary Massachusetts Mutual
Life Insurance Company, Springfield, Mass., is a native of New York,
and was born in Brooklyn, September 20, 1871. He received his educa-
tion in private schools in Passaic, N. J., and New York City, and Prince-
ton University, from which he graduated in the class of 1893. He beean
his actuarial studies in the office of David Parks Fackler, soon after
graduating from Princeton, and in 1898 entered the service of the
Massachusetts Mutual Life as a clerk in its actuarial department* He
was appointed assistant actuary of the company in 1902, and actuary
in April, 1914.
APPEL, DANIEL F., vice president. New England Mutual Life In-
surance Company, Boston, Mass.; was born in Cumberland, Md.,
June 24, 1857. From 1875 to 1885 was engaged in fire insurance
work as local agent in Pennsylvania and the West. He was ap-
pointed general agent for Indiana for the New England Mutual Life
insurance Company in 1885; superintendent of agencies in 1895; was
elected secretary in 1905, and vice-president in 1908.
APPLETON, SAMUEL, United States manager for the Em-
ployers' Liability Assurance Corporation of London, was born in
the City of New York, April 7, 1846. He was liberally educated, and
from 1862 to 1867 hdd a position in an importing house in Boston,
since which time he has been in the insurance business. He was
manager of a fire insurance company in Boston from 1869 to 1884.
and from 1886 to 1899 general agent at Boston for The Employers
Liability Assurance Corporation. March i, 1899, he was appointed
one of the United States managers in the firm of Appleton & Dana,
Boston, Mass., and on January i, 1903, he became sole manager and
attorney.
ARNOLD, OSWALD J., secretary and actuary of the Illinois Life
Insurance Company, was born in Rochester, N. Y., of Scotch-Irish
parentage, October 29, 1873. He received a common and high school
education, and graduated from the University of Chicago with the
d^^ree of B. S. in 1897. He began his insurance career with the Illinois
Life Insurance Company, and was appointed assistant secretary and
actuary in 1900. A year later he was appointed secretary, as well as
actuary, and elected a director, and a member of the executive and
finance committees of the board. He is a member of the board of gov-
ernors and a former president of the American Institute of Actuaries.
470 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ATKINSON, ULRIC SIDNEY, former assistant manager of the
southern department of the Royal Insurance Company, Ltd., Atlanta,
Ga., was born in Atlanta, Ga., October 25, 1870. He received a gram-
mar school education and began his insurance career in the o£Sce of
Captain Edward S. Gay in 1887. He became connected with the New
Orleans office of the Liverpool and London and Globe in 1890, but the
following year again entered the service of Captain Gay as chief clerk.
He became second assistant manager for the Royal in September
1903, assistant manager in 1909 and was made assistant manager of the
Southern Department of the Newark Fire Insurance Company of
Newark, New Jersey when that Company was placed under the juris-
diction of Mr. Milton Dargan, manager for the South, on September,
1917. Mr. Atkinson resigned from the services of the Royal in 1922 to
accept a position with Marsh & McLennan, Chicago, as assistant
United States manager of the Union Insurance Society of Canton, China,
and the World Auxiliary Insurance Company of London.
AVERBECK, M. J., chairman of the Board of Directors of the
National Liberty Insurance Company of America, New York, N. Y.
Mr. Averbeck has long been associated with the National Liberty, is one
of its largest stockholders and for many years has been one of its
most active directors. He is a native of Ohio and a trustee of the Ohio
Society of New York. He is President of Berger and Werth, Inc.,
President of Ten & Twelve Maiden Lane Realty Company and a
member of the Union League and Adirondack League Clubs. He was
formerly an importer and manufacturer and while thus engaged served
as President of the National Wholesale Jewelers Association and also
President of the New York Jewelers Association. Mr. Averbeck was
elected a director of the National Liberty in 1913 and became Chairman
of the Board in 1921.
AYRES, CLARENCE LLEWELLYN, president of the Northern
Assurance Company of Michifs^an, Detroit, Mich., was born in Deca-
tur, Ind., August 8, 1874. He received a country school education,
and spent his boyhood days on a farm. He studied law and later
entered life insurance work. He was elected vice-president of the
Northern on the organization of the company in 1907, and one year
later was unanimously elected president by the board of directors, which
position he has since held.
BAILEY, AVEY T., former manager of the Pacific Coast Depart-
ment of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, San Francisco,
Cal., is of English descent, and was bom in Rochester, N, Y., April
12, 1874. He received a public school education, and began his
insurance career in the local agency of Paul B. Ga^lord & Co., p«2n-
ver, Col. Later he engaged with the Board of fire Underwrite^
as examiner and rater, and subsequently became special agent i*^
the Home Fire and Marine Insurance Company. He then we**
with the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company as special ageii
for all the Rocky Mountain field, and was appointed departmeni
manager in 19 12. Consolidated department of New Hampshire anc^.
Biographical Sketches 471
County Fire Insurance Companies with that of the Providence- Wash-
ington, Boston, and Old Colony Insurance Companies, represented by
J. F. D. Curtis on June i, 1916, under firm of Curtis & Bailey and
following the death of Mr. Curtis in May, 19 17, he was appointed
sole manager for Pacific Coast Department of all companies named,
effective June i, 1917. He resigned as manager of the above companies
and was appointed, (effective June 1st, 1922), manager Pacific and
Mountain Departments of North British and Mercantile Insurance
Company of London and Edinburgh, Pennsylvania Insurance Company
of Philadelphia, Mercantile Insurance Company of America, Common-
wealth Insurance Company of New York.
BAILEY, C. WESTON, president of the American Insurance
Company of Newark, N. J., has spent his entire business career in
the service of the American, having entered the employ of the com-
pany in 1876. He was born in Newark, N. J., January 20, 1861, and
was educated in the Newark public schools and Newark Academy.
He was elected assistant secretary in 1906, secretary in 1909, vice-
president in 1914, and president in 1918. He is a resident of Glen
Ridge. N. J.
BAKER, DANFORD MORSE, second vice-president of the Pa-
cific Mutual Life Insurance Company, Los Angeles, Cal., i.*; a native of
Connecticut and was bom of American parentage in Union, August
20, 1862. He received a common school education, and after leaving
school worked on a farm and later taught school. He began his life
insurance career as a clerk, and has had a wide experience in office
and field. He was manager for the Pacific Mutual Life at Chicago
until called to the home office and elected third vice-president of the
company in 1906, and was elected second vice-president in 1909. He
was president of the Chicago Life Underwriters Association in 1904-^,
and was elected a vice-president of the National Association of Lite
Underwriters in 1904.
BALDWIN, PERCY VERMILYE, assistant secretary of The
Travelers Insurance Company was born of American parents in Newark,
N. J., September 19, 1870. He received a private school education
and entered the insurance business in New York City; later removing to
Boston where he represented The Travelers as manager of the life and
accident departments, until 191 7 when he was called to the home
office and elected assistant secretary Life Department, being later
elected to his present position. He has been prominent in life under-
writing affairs, and has served as vice-president and chairman of the
executive committee of the Boston Life Underwriters' Association, and
was elected president of the association in 1902. He has served as a
vice-president, and chairman of the executive committee of National
Association of Life Underwriters.
BALLARD, SEYMOUR M., secretary of the New York Life
Insurance Company, is a native of New York state and was born
in Cortland, October 25, 1851. He entered the New York State
472 Cyclopedia of Inslrance
Insurance Department in 1873, later becoming a department exam-
iner, and in April, 1894, was appointed supervising cashier of the New
York Life in New York. He was appointed assistant comptroller in
1889, comptroller in 1903, and was elected secretary of the company a
year later.
BALLARD. SUM NER. underwriter, is a native of New York City,
where he was bom, November 4, 1865. Began his business career as a
clerk in the office of the Continental Insurance Company. He was the
insurance editor of the Journal of Commerce and Commercial BuUelin
until 1 919 and is president of the International Insurance Company,
and United States manager of the Skandinavia Insurance Company of
Copenhagen, United States manager of the Osaka Marine and Fire
Insurance Company Ltd. of Japan. United States manager New India
Assurance Company of Bombay, United States manager Metropolitan
National Insurance Company of Havana, Director Fidelity Interna-
tional Trust Company, Director American Eagle Fire Insurance Com-
pany, member of the Union League, Metropolitan, Down Town, Ardsley
and Turf and Field Clubs. He is widely known as a "reinsurance inter-
mediary," and handled many of the important reinsurance deals in fire
insurance of recent years.
BALLARD, WILLIAM M., United States branch secretary of
the Commercial Union Assurance and Palatine Insurance Com-
pany and Union Assurance Society of London, and assistant secretary
of the Commercial Union Fire Insurance Company of New York, was
born at Iowa City, la., and is the oldest son of the late Frank W.
Ballard, the insurance journalist. He was prepared for Yale Uni-
versity, but became a teacher at Stamford, Conn., instead of entering.
From 1878 to 1880 he was with the ** Insurance Age," and two years
later went into the service of the United Fire Reinsurance Company
of Manchester as secretary to the manager and special agent. When
the Palatine reinsured the business of the United Fire in 1892, he was
appointed branch secretary of the former at the New York office.
In 1898 he was appointed assistant manager under the administration
of Manager William Wood. After the Palatine was absorbed by the
Commercial Union in 1900 and the Palatine of London was organized,
Mr. Ballard was appointed United States branch secretary of the
two companies, and the Union Assurance Society of London, and
secretary of the Commercial Union Fire Insurance Company of New
York.
BARBER, WILLIAM POND, JR., assistant actuary of the
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., is a
native of Hartford, Conn., and was born December 19, 1892. He
was educated in the public high school of the city, graduated from
Trinity College in 19 13, and received the decree of A. M. from Cornell
University in 19 14, entering the service of the Connecticut Mutual
Life in that year. He entered the Plattsburg school for army officers
and was commissioned a second lieutenant of ordnance, later serving as
instructor at several different training camps. He also saw service on
the Mexican border in 19 16. He is a Fellow of the Actuarial Society
of America, and was appointed to his present position in 1920.
Biographical Skbtchss 473
BARBEY, JACOB A.» secretary of the New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company, was born November 30, 1863, at Cambridge,
Mass., where he received his education. He entered the service of
the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1885, was elected
assistant secretary in 1906, secretary in 1908 and vice-president in 1922.
BARBOUR. ROBERT P., assistant manager of the North British
and Mercantile Insurance Company, Ltd., United States Branch, 76
William Street, New York, and vice-president of the Commonwealth In-
surance Company of New York, Mercantile Insurance Company of
America and the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company of Phila-
delphia, was born in Augusta, New York, August 25, 1872. He
graduated from the Ballston Spa, N. Y. high school and the Rochester
Business University, and engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1892 to
1898. In the latter year he entered the employ of the Greenwich
Insurance Company, New York, and in 1901 of the North British and
Mercantile Insurance Company, first in the office then in the field. In
19 10 he was appointed assistant General Agent, in 19 13 General
.^ent of the Associated Companies, in 191 8 secretary, and to his present
position January i, 1922. In 1901 he organized the Insurance Society
of New York, the first organization of its kind and was for three years sec-
retary and two years president. He is past master of Adelphi Lodge
348-F and A. M., and is a lecturer on insurance at Columbia University.
BARDEN, JULIUS CORBIT, secretary of the Automobile In-
surance Company, Hartford, is descended from English parentage,
and was born in Canaan, Conn., September 23, 1879. He received his
education in the Mohegan Lake Military School and Syracuse Uni-
versity, College of Applied Science, and was graduated from the elec-
trical engineering course in 1905. He began his business career as a
draughtsman, subsequently taking a position with the Middle States
Inspection Bureau, where he remained four years, and, after a service
of two years with the Underwriters* Association of New York state,
accepted a position with the i£tna Life Insurance Company, as asso-
ciate director of the bureau of inspection and accident prevention. He
was later made assistant secretary of the Automobile Insurance Com-
Fany of Hartford, Conn, (a company controlled by the i£tna Life
nsurance Company) and in 19 17 elected secretary of that company.
BARRY JAMES VICTOR, fourth vice-president of the Metro-
politan Life Insurance Company and former commissioner of insur-
ance of Michigan, was born of Irish parentage in Monroe, Mich., on
September 21, 1861. He was educated in the public schools, and
previous to his apix>intment as insurance commissioner of Michigan in
1901 was employed as a newspaper correspondent. He resigned as
commissioner of insurance to become assistant secretary of the Metropo-
litan Life in December, 1910 and was appointed to his present position
in 1921.
BARRY, THOMAS P., president and manager of the Globe
Mutual Life Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., was born in Ireland,
and received his early education there, although since coming to
474 Cyclopedia of Insurance
America he has graduated from the Illinois Colleee of Law, and has
taken special courses in other American colleges. He b^[an his insur-
ance experience with the old Prudential of London, representing the
company a number of years in Ireland, and in 1882 accept€»d an offer
from the Metropolitan Life and came to the United States. He repre-
sented the Metropolitan Life in Albany, N. Y., for eight years, and
later was transferred to Chicago. He organized the Globe Mutual
Life in 1895 to write industrial business along lines which his experience
had suggested, and was secretary and general manager of the company
from its organization until 1920 when he was elected president and
general manager.
BARTOW, NEVETT STEELE, president of the Queen In-
surance Company of America, New York, was born at Astoria, Long
Island, N. Y., September 5, 1868. He was educated in the private and
public schools of that place and began his business life in the New
York city department of the Queen Insurance Company of Liverpool
in 1884. He served the company in various clerical positions, also
in the inspection of New York city risks, after which he became the
company's assistant special agent in New England. From 1892 until
1900 he was special agent for the New England field, when he returned
to the New York office to become secretary of the company, and was
appointed vice-president in 191 8 and president in 1920.
BASSETT, NEAL, vice-president and manager western depart-
ment of the Firemen's Insurance Company of Newark, Girard Fire
and Marine Insurance Company of Philadelphia, Mechanics Insurance
Company of Philadelphia, at Chicago, is a native of Alabama, and
was born in Huntsville, September 3, 1 871. He received a private
school education, and has spent all his business life in fire insurance.
He was special agent for the North German and Transatlantic Fire
Insurance Companies, later becoming general agent for the Firemen's
Insurance Company of Newark, and was appointed manager of the
company's western department in 1909, opening the department Jan-
uary I, 19 10. He was elected vice-president January, 19 14.
BASSETT, W. T.« assistant manager western department of
the Firemen's Insurance Company of Newark, N. J., at Chicago, is a
native of Alabama, and was born in Huntsville, October 5, 1875.
He received a private school education, and has spent all his busi-
ness life in fire insurance, beginning in local agency work in Ala-
bama, and in the Southwest, and later in Chicago. He was also
examiner in the western department of the Rochester-German.
Delaware and Reliance insurance companies and later was chief
clerk and office manager of the Firemen's Insurance Company,
until appointed to the position of assistant manager.
BATES, ARTHUR L., president of the Union Mutual Life In-
surance Company of Portland, Me., is a native of Massachusetts, and
was born of American parentage at Northbridge, Mass., in 1851. He
has been in the service of the Union Mutual Life Insurance Company
Biographical Sketches 475
during practically all of his business life, beginning as a junior clerk
on November 15, 1869, and advancing through all the departments of
the home office to cashier, assistant secretary, secretary and vice-
president. He was elected president on the 29th of September, 1914.
BATTERSON, WALTER ELLSWORTH, assistant secretary of
the liability insurance department of the Travelers Insurance Com-
pany, Hartford, Conn., is a grandson of the late James G. Batterson,
founder of the company, and was born in Westerly, R. L, October 6,
1886. He was educated in the public and high schools of Hartford,
Conn., and entered Trinity College with the class of 191 1, but did not
complete the course. He entered the service of the Travelers in 1908
in a clerical position, later being transferred to the Chicago office and
subsequently to the Detroit office as special agent. He was re-called to
the home office in 191 5, and a year later was made an assistant secretary
in the liability insurance and compensation department.
BEARDSLEY, GUY ERASTUS, vice-president and secretary, i€tna
Insurance Company, was born in Coventry, Chenango county, N. Y.,
December 14, 1874, a^i^d ^'^s educated in the public and high schools
of Hartford. He is a graduate of Yale University, class of 1896, and
began his business career in fire underwriting, serving as an examiner
at the home office of the ^tna for a number of years, and later repre-
senting that company in the field as special agent in Connecticut,
western Massachusetts, and Vermont. He went from the ^Etna's
home office as sf)ecial agent for the National Union Fire of Pittsburgh
in western Pennsylvania, and was special agent for the Home of New
York in Connecticut and Rhode Island for three years and later became
special agent of the JEtna,. With the exception of these four years
spent in the field for the Home and National Union, his business career
has been spent with the ^Etna. He was elected assistant secretary of
the JEtna. in May, 1907, and to his present position in June, 19 19.
BECKETT, CHARLES HARRISON, actuary State Life Insur-
ance Company, Indianapolis, Ind., is a native of Indiana and was
born of American parentage, May 24, 1876. He was educated at
Cornell University, being a graduate student in mathematics and
later was professor of mathematics at Purdue University. He was
engaged for four years as consulting actuary, and in 191 2 accepted
his present position. He is an ex-president of the American Institute of
Actuaries. He has served on various commissions including Carnegie
Teachers Endowment Advisory committee; Medico- Actuarial Investi-
gation commission and the National Committee for Uniform Valua-
tion. He was chairman of the Educational Committee of the American
Institute of Actuaries, and is a member of the American Mathematical,
and American Statistical Societies and the Society for the Advancement
of Engineering Education.
BECKWITH, OLIVER R., general counsel of the London and
Lancashire Indemnity Company, was born in Collinsville, Conn., and
w-as educated at the Collinsville High School and the Engineering and
476 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Law Schools of Cornell University. Having been graduated from
the Cornell Law School in 1898 with the degree of L. L. B., he was
admitted to the Connecticut Bar in the following year and immediately
began the practice of law in Hartford. He gave up his practice in 1905
to become an examiner of claims for the Travelers Insurance Company,
which position be held for five years. In 1910 he became connected
with the Aetna organization, and from 1910 to 1915, was executive
superintendent of the liability claim department of the Aetna Life.
He became associate attorney of the accident and liability department
of the Aetna Life and also of the Aetna Casualty and Surety Company
in 191 5, and two years later was elected counsel. He has been active
in the affairs of the National Automobile Underwriters' Conference,
and has been a member, and later chairman, of the forms committee
of the Conference, chairman of the Conference's advisory law com-
mittee, and a member of the committee having in charge the direction
of the Eastern and New England Division of the Automobile Under-
writers' Detective Bureau. He represented West Hartford in the
General Assembly in 1919-1920. He is a vestryman of St. John's
Church and a member of the leading clubs and social organizations in
Hartford, and assumed his present position June i, 1922.
BEHAN, JOSEPH C, superintendent of agencies of the Massa-
setts Mutual Life Insurance Company, Springneld, Mass., was edu-
cated in the public schools and began his business career as a stenog-
rapher. He IS a native of New York and was born of Irish parentage
in Albany, March 21, 1873.
BELL, GEORGE H., manager of the western department of the
National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, Chicago, 111., h a native
of Ohio, and as a young man was associated with his father in a local
agency at Dayton, Ohio. He was appointed Ohio state agent of the
North British and Mercantile Insurance Company in 1895; a position
he retained for thirteen years and was then called to the company's
western department ofBces in Chicago as assistant manager. He
assisted in adjusting the company losses in the San Francisco confla-
gration, and when the company gave up its western department
offices he removed to New York as general agent of the Central depart-
ment. He was appointed assistant manager of the Royal Exchange
Assurance Company in 1913, and in September, 1914. returned to
Chicago to become assistant manager in the western department of
the National Fire of Hartford. He was appointed to his present
position in 1920, succeeding Fred S. James.
BENTON, EVERETT C, former president of the Massachusetts
Fire and Marine Insurance Company and a member of the firm of John
C. Paige & Co., Boston, Mass., has spent his entire business life in fire
insurance, havmgr started as a clerk in the office of the general
agency of which he is now a member. He is a native of Vermont
and was born of American parentage at Guildhall, September 25t
1862, and received a common school education. He is prominent in
the business and social affairs of Boston, being a member of various
clubs and societies, and is active in Masonic circles, being a thirty-
Biographical Sketches 477
third degree Mason and past Grand Master of Masons in Massachu-
setts. Now Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Massa-
chusetts and Rhode Island. He was a member of the governor's
council in 1897. Elected to represent the 8th Congressional District in
the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, 191 7. Member of the
Committee on Arson of the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
BERESFORD, PERCIVAL, Uiiited States Manager and Attorney
of the Phoenix Assurance Company, Limited, of London, President of
the Imperial Assurance Company of New York; vice-president and
fire manager, Columbia Insurance Company of New Jersey; United
States manager of the Swiss Reinsurance Company of 2^urich, Switzer-
land; Director of the Columbia Insurance Company of New Jersey and
of the Norwich Union Indemnity Company of New York, was born in
Middlesex, England, February 6, 187^^. He entered the London ofhce
of the Palatine Insurance Company in 1890 and in 1895 joined the
surveying staff of the North British and Mercantile Insurance Com-
pany in London. He subsequently became secretary of the South
Wales branch of the latter company. In 1903 Mr. Beresford became
associated with the Phoenix and previous to coming to this country in
1909 managed two of their branches.
BETTS, WILLIAM HAMILTON, vice-president Continental
Casualty Company, Chicago, III., was born of English- American parent-
age at Port Huron, Mich., February 19, 1875. He received a public
and high school education, and before entering the insurance business
was a railroad auditor. He entered the service of the Continental
Casualty in 1898, and was manager of the company's Pacific Coast
branch office from 1902 to 1906, when he was appointed to his pres-
ent position.
BIGELOW, FREDERIC RUSSELL, president St. Paul Fire
and Marine Insurance Company, St. Paul, Minn., is a son of the
late Charles H. Bigelow for thirty- five years president of the St. Paul
Fire and Marine, and was born in St. Paul, Minn., March 31, 1870.
He was educated in the public schools and Williams College, from
which he graduated in 1891, and in the same year began his insur-
ance career as clerk in the office of the St. Paul Fire and Marine. After
a service of nine years as clerk and bookkeeper he was appointed marine
secretary, subsequently becoming assistant secretary and then vice-
president, from which he was promoted to the presidency in 191 1.
He is a director of the Federal Reserve Bank for the ninth district.
BIRDSEYE, ARTHUR JULIUS, late Connecticut state agent for
the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company. [See Death Roll.]
BISHOP, CHARLES NELSON, former manager of the Chicago
and Suburban Department for the Northern of London, is
a native of Kenosha, Wis., where he was born May 28,
1855, his father being the Rev. Hiram Nelson Bishop, D.D.,
478 Cyclopedia of Insurance
rector of St. John's P. £. Church, Chicago. He was educated
in the schools of Chicago, and while in the high school edited
and published a monthly paper entitled Little Men, In 1872 he
entered the Chicago fire insurance agency of Thomas & W. A.
Goodman as a clerk, and three years later resigned to enter the
service of the Spectator, with which he was connected, in all
though not consecutively, seven years, part of which time as travel-
ing agent and part as manager, of its western office at Chicago.
From 1880 to i8iB3 Mr. Bishop lived in Colorado, engaged in mining
and publishing the Summit County Leader, of which he was editor
and proprietor. After the following two years at Chicago with
the Spectator, he abandoned journalism to become permanently in-
terested in 6 re underwriting. He was a partner in the local agency
firm of H. H. Brown & Co. of Chicago from 1884 to 1889, and in
the latter year was appointed Chicago city manager for the Northern
of LQudon. In 1908 the Company placed its Suburban Department
in his charge as well. This embraced about one hundred agents
in the neighborhood of Chicago. Mr. Bishop takes an active interest
in the Chicago Board of Underwriters and was elected its vice-
president in April, 1907, and re-elected in January, 1908, and in
January, 1909, he was unanimously elected president His particular
hobby is the fire insurance patrol, having served continuously on
the patrol committee since 1892. He was elected chairman of this
committee in 1903, which position he relinquished on his election
to the presidency of the Board. He was made a trustee of the
Fire Insurance ratrolmen's Pension Fund in 1903, and 1909 made
president of the Board of Trustees. In 1910 Mr. Bishop was unani-
mously re-elected president of the Board of Underwriters and of the
Trustees of the Patrolmen's Pension Fund. In 191 1 was tendered
a unanimous re-election to the presidency but declined, being a firm
believer in the idea that the honor should be " passed around."
He resigned as city manager of the Northern April 30, 192 1, but con-
tinues as an agent of the company with headquarters at 175 West
Jackson boulevard, Chicago, 111.
BISHOP, LOUIS BRACKETT, Chicago, III., manager of the
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, is a native of Mas-
sachusetts and was born of American parentage in Boston, February
2, 1854. He was educated in the public and private schools of Boston,
and began his business education in the wholesale dry goods business.
He is a member of and former president of the New England Societ>*
of Chicago, and a member of and former treasurer of the Society of
Mayflower descendants of Illinois. He was president of the Chi-
cago Life Underwriters Association in the years 1901 and 1906, and
was president of the National Association of Life Underwriters, hav-
ing been elected president of the national body in 191 1.
BISSELL, RICHARD M., president of the Hartford Fire In-
surance Company, and formerly manager of the western department
at Chicago, 111., was born at Chicago, June 8, 1862. He was graduated
from Yale University in the class of 1883, and entered the insurance
Biographical Sketches 479
business soon after graduation. He was president of the Merchants'
Club, Chicago, and also a member of the Commercial, Literary, Uni-
versity, and Union League Clubs of that city. He was elected vice-
president of the company in January, 1903. In 1909 Mr. Bissell was
appointed underwriting manager for the above company, and uix>n
the retirement of President Chase in 19 13 was elected president, which
position he now occupies. He was president of the National Board of
Fire Underwriters in 1916 and 19 17.
BLACKBURN, THOMAS WAKEFIELD, secretary, treasurer
and counsel of the American Life Convention, Omaha, Neb., was bom
in Georgeville, Indiana County, Pa., March 5, 1855. He was edu-
cated in the common schools and at the Nebrasloi State Normal
School, from which he was graduated in 1878. He was reared on a
farm, acquired some experience as a " printer's devil," later taught
school, then entered newspaper work as solicitor, reporter and editor,
and later graduated into law. He was twice elected president of the
Omaha Bar Association, has been chairman of the Republican Con-
gressional Campaign committee, and has served as chief of the Divi-
sion of Education of the Indian office, Washington, D. C. He is a
member of the Standine Committee on Insurance Law of the Ameri-
can Bar Association and is a member of the Association of Life Insur-
ance Counsel. He was elected secretary of the American Life co;iven-
tion on its organization, and re-elected at each meeting since.
BLAKE, CHARLES S., president of the Hartford Steam Boiler
Inspection and Insurance Company, was born of American parentage
at Windsor Locks, Conn., October 25, i860. He received a common
school education, and entered newspaper work representing the orig-
inal United Press Association in the capacity of reporter for New York
papers in Jersey City and vicinity, but desiring to cultivate a natural
likeness for mechanics he served an apprenticeship with the Central
Iron Works of Jersey City, whereby ne became familiar with boiler
and engine construction, both marine and stationary, together with
other branches of marine mechanics. Before his twenty-first birthday
he was granted a license as marine engineer, to operate vessels of 100
tons and under, and shortly afterwards he was licensed as a chief
engineer of ocean vessels. A few months before the close of the war
between Chili and Peru, he received a commission as engineer in the
Peruvian navy, and was upon waiting orders when the war ceased.
After an experience of some years as an engineer, he entered the steam
boiler insurance field in 1884 as an inspector of boilers, acquiring a
large experience, and in 1898 he entered the services of the Hartford
company as general agent at the home office. On July 12, 1904, he
was elected to the position of supervising ^[eneral agent, and on Febru-
ary 12, 1907, was advanced to second vice-president, which position
he relinquished to accept the office of secretary, and in November, 19 16,
he was elected president of the company.
BLANCHARD, HERBERT PAUL, secretary of the Fireman's
Fund Insurance Company, San Francisco, Cal., is a native of California,
and was born of American parentage in Placerville, £1 Dorado county.
480 Cyclopedia of Insurance
•
October i^, 1871. He was educated in the public and private schools
of Placerville, and Hopkins Academy, Oakland, from which he grad-
uated in 1889. The following year he entered the service of the Fireman's
Fund, and has since served the company continuously in various
positions in the office and in the field. In May, 1907, was elected
Assistant Secretary, and in September, 19 18, was advanced to the
position of Secretary of the Company. He served as President of the
Fire Underwriters Association of the Pacific in 191 5, and has been
acting Secretary of the San Francisco Chapter of the National Fire
Prevention Bureau since its organization.
BLIVEN, WAITE, vice-president and underwriting manager
of the Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania, was bom in
Cincinnati, Ohio, June 29, 1867. He was educated in the public
schools, and began his insurance career with the Howard Insurance
Company of New York in 1884. A year later he became connected
with the American Fire Insurance Company at the Western Depart-
ment Office in Chicago, and in 1888 was appointed special agent of
that company, having charge of several western states. He was
elected secretary of the American Fire, April 10, 1905, and became vice-
president of that company and of the Insurance Company of the
State of Pennsylvania m 1911. On the merger of the American Fire
with the Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania in Decem-
ber, 19 13, he was elected vice-president of the latter company, and
appointed underwriting manager.
BLODGETT, WILLIAM A., former vice-president of the Ameri-
can Central Insurance Company, St. Louis, Mo., was born of American
parentage in Boston, Mass., May 22, 1865. He was educated in the
public schools of Boston and Chicago and be^an his insurance career
m the ser\'ice of the Springfield Fire and Manne Insurance Company
in 1 88 1. He continued in the service of the Springfield until 191 1,
when he resigned as second assistant manager of the company's. western
department, to become vice-president of the American Central In-
surance Company, a position he resigned May i, 1916, to become a
member of the general agency firm of Fred S. James & Co., 123 William
street, New York.
BLOSSOM, GEORGE W., was born at Dubuque, la., October i,
1854. He has been in the fire insurance business from early manhood,
beginning at a local agency in Dubuque, serving in the office of the
western department of the Great- American eight years, and in the
same department of the Connecticut Fire three years. He then be-
came a partner in the Chicago local agency of Fred S. James & Co.,
and also assistant general agent of the National Fire, also the New
York local agency of Fred S. James & Co. In January, 1916, be
resigned his position with National in order to give his entire time to
the business of the Chicago and New York offices of Fred S. James
& Co. Mr. Blossom is one of the U. S. managers of the General
Fire Assurance Company of Paris, the Urbaine Fire Insurance Company
of Paris, and the Eagle, Star and British Dominions General Insur-
ance Company of London.
BlOGKiLPHICAL SkBTCHBS 481
BOLLINGER, JAMES W., lawyer and president of the Security
Fire Insurance Company, Davenport, Iowa, was bom in Geneaeo,
111., April lo, 1867. He was educated in the public schools of Daven-
port, and the Iowa State University from which he graduated in 1888
with the deeree of B. A., and a year later graduated from the law de-
partment of the university. The degree of M. A. was conferred on
him by the university in 1893. He took up the practice of law in
Davenport in 1889 and in 1897 was appointed district judge and
served in the court for thirteen years, being three times re-elected on
a non-partisan ticket. He resumed the practice of law in 191 1 and
gives special attention to corporation and insurance law. He was
elected a director and vice-president of the Security Fire Insurance
Company in 1908 and was elected to the presidency of the company in
19 1 5. Is a director in the Inter-Ocean Re-msurance Company, of Cedar
Rapids, Iowa. Address, 513 Putnam building, Davenport, Iowa.
BOORN, WILLIAM C, assistant general agent of the western
department of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Chicago, was
bom of American parentage in Kenosha, Wis., August 30, 1863. He
was educated in the public and high schools of Peoria, 111., and began
his business career in fire insurance as office boy in the Chicago office
of the Orient Insurance Company in 1881. He was agency superin-
tendent for the westem department of the London and Lancashire
Insurance Company from 1888 to 1902, and in the latter year entered
the service of the Hartford Fire. He was appointed to his present
position in 191a
BOYLE, OSWALD G., United States manager of the Atlas Assur-
ance Company, Ltd. of London, 100 William Street, New York, N. Y.,
is a native of New York and began his insurance career as office clerk
with the American Insurance Company of New York in 1891. He
remained with the American until 1896 when he was appointed special
agent of the Manchester in the Westem Pennsylvania field with head-
auarters in Pittsburgh. When the Manchester was absorbed by the
Atlas in 1904 he continued his field work for that company but with
headquarters in Philadelphia, and in 19 17 was called to the United
States department headquarters in New York as general agent. He
was appointed sub-manager in January 1920, and to his present posi-
tion in April 1922. He adjusted the company's losses in the Baltimore
conflagration and was the organizer and first president of the Under-
writers Club of Philadelphia.
BRAINARD, MORGAN B., vice-president and treasurer of the
/Etna Life Insurance Company, was bom in Hartford, January 8,
1879. He was educated in the public schools of Hartford and grad-
uated from Yale College in 1900 with the degree A.B., and took the
degree LL.B. in 1903. He is a trustee of the Scottish Union and
National Insurance Company, director of the Hartford Steam Boiler
Inspection and Insurance Company, and also treasurer of the £tnaL
Accident and Liability Company.
BRANCH, J. B., chairman of the Board of Directors of the Provi-
dence Washington Insurance Company of Providence. R. I., is a native
of Brooklyn, N. Y., where he was born February 18. 1851. He was
482 Cyclopedia of Insuranxe
educated in the public schools and high school of Providence, and went
from the latter into the office of the American Insurance Company of
Providence in 1869. In 1871 he entered the office of the Newport Fire
and Marine Insurance Company, which was formed to take the business
of the American Insurance Company, and was appointed its assistant
secretary July 6, 187^. Upon the amalgamation of the Newport with
the Providence Washmgton, May 22, 1875, ^c became assistant secre-
tary of the latter company; was elected secretary in April, 1881
vice-president in January, 1889, president in January, 1904 and chair-
man of the Board in January 1922.
BREEDEN, JOHN P., secretary of the Continental, Fidelity-
Phenix and American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., was born in >Sew Orleans, La., December 7, 1880. He
was educated in the public schools of his native city and began his
business career there in the service of a wholesale drug and grocery
house. He began his insurance career in a general agency in New
Orleans in 1894, and in 1919 was appointed agency superintendent
in charge of Northern Idaho, Oregon, and Washington for the Conti-
nental, Fidelity- Phenix and American E^gle Insurance Companies,
and a year later was appointed assistant secretary of the Companies
Pacific Coast depwirtment at San Francisco. He was apix)inted secre-
tary of the American Eagle Fire, The Continental and Fidelity-
Phenix Fire Insurance Companies on March 28, 1922, being in charge
of the Pacific Coast Department of these companies which Department
covers the States of Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
Oregon, Utah, Washington and the Territory of Alaska.
BREEDING. WILLIAM HENRY, general agent of the Pacific
Coast department of the ^tna Insurance Company, San Francisco,
was born of American parentage in Texas, March 20, 187 1. He was
educated in the public grammar and high schools, and acquired his
early insurance exp>erience as a clerk in local and general agencies in
Texas. He was accountant and later special agent of the Alanx>
Insurance Company of San Antonio, and on the reinsurance of that
company in the Germania Fire of New York he became Texas special
agent for the Germania Fire; later traveling throughout the southern
field for that company with headquarters in New York, and in 1900
was appointed manager of the company's Pacific Coast department,
which he established. He became special agent of the /Etna in 1907,
and was appointed to his present p>osition in March, 19 13.
BRENAN, MATTHEW S., president of the Mutual Life Insur-
ance Company of Baltimore, Md., is of French descent and was bom
in Baltimore, September 26, 1859. He was educated in private schools,
finishing with the degree of A. M. from Loyola College of Baltimore
in 1877. His early business career was as a member of the firm of
P. E. Brenan & Company, prominent in the hardwood lumber trade
in the Maryland metropolis. Mr. Brenan was elected a director of
the Mutual Life, and in 1897 was chosen president of that company.
A member of the Baltimore Life Underwriters Association; a direc-
Biographical Sketches 483
tor in National Marine Bank; a member of the University Club,
Merchants and Manufacturers Club, and other civic and social organ-
izations. He is vice-president of the French Society of Baltimore and
vice-president of the Loyola Building Association, the largest institu-
tion of its kind in the United States.
BRISTOL, JOHN ISAAC DEVOE, General Agent of The North-
western Mutual Life Insurance Company, for the Boroughs of Man-
hattan and The Bronx, New York City, was born at Springwells,
Michigan, March i6, 1845. At the age of 23, he entered the office of
the general agents of the Connecticut Mutual at Detroit, and two
years later was sent to Leavenworth, Kansas, as Superintendent of
Agencies, comprising thirteen States and Territories, of which that
city was the headquarters. In 1874 he received the general agency
appointment as Wisconsin state agent for the same company. In
December, 1880, he became connected with The Northwestern Mutual
Life Insurance Company, as the special western agent, and in 1883 was
transferred to New York City, as general agent for the territory now
controlled by him. Mr. Bristol first became prominent as an advocate
of agency protection. On May 15, 1892, he cancelled 331 brokerage
contracts, and four years later announced that the business of his
general agency would be confined exclusively to representatives
devoting their entire time, talent and attention to the mutual interests
of agent and general agent, and engaged in no other line of business.
Mr. Bristol has constantly advocated the universal abolition of **part-
timeism," and is recognized as the founder of the principle of agency
protection. His advocacy of life insurance commissions for life
insurance men only, has been a chief factor in the building up of his
general agency. On May 18, 1898, carrying out his ideas of simplicity,
Mr. Bristol originated a form of policy which combined in one policy
contract, in the way of options, the several separate policies then in
use. This policy, in its essential factors, has been practically universally
adopted. Mr. Bristol's contributions to the literature of life insurance
have been many and valuable — his What Shakespeare Knew About
Life Assurance having run into two editions and been called for by the
libraries of a number of the leading universities in this country and
abroad. Present Post Office address: Grand Central Terminal Build-
ing, New York, N. Y.
BROSMITH, WILLIAM, vice-president and general counsel for
the Travelers Insurance Company, was born in the city of New York
November 8, 1854, and was admitted to the bar in 1876 and continued to
practice in New York until 1895, making a specialty of insurance and
corporation law and acting as counsel during that period for a number of
insurance corporations. In January 1895, he was appointed attorney
for The Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford at its home office,
and on the election of Sylvester C. Dunham, general counsel of The
Travelers, to the vice-presidency in 1899 he was app>ointed to the posi-
tion of general counsel of the company which he now holds. He was
president of the International Association of Accident Underwriters
m 1906 and has served at different times as a member of the executive
484 Cyclopedia op Insurance
committee of the Board of Casualty and Surety Underwriters and the
International Association of Accident Underwriters, and was elected
president of the International Association of Casualty and Surety
Underwriters on the amalgamation of the International Aasodatioa
of Accident Underwriters, the Board of Casualty and Surety Under-
writers and the Liability Insurance Association. He was chairman of
the Bureau of Personal Accident and Health Underwriters, for several
years manager of the Bureau of Publicity for casualty insurance,
president of the Association of Life Insurance Counsel, member of the
Hartford Bar, State Bar Association of Connecticut and New York, and
the American Bar Association, trustee of St. Joseph's Cathedral Corpo-
ration, and St. Francis' Hospital, formerly president of the Board of
Charity Commissioners of the City of Hartford, formerly a member of
the Municiipal Building Commission of that city, and was chairman of
the Connecticut Commission of Public Welfare, member of Connecticut
State Council of Defense and member of State Civil Service Com-
mission until that body was relieved of its duties by the general assem-
bly.
BROWN. ROBERT RANKINS, first vice-president and member
of the Board of Trustees of the American Surety Company of New
York, entered the service o the company twentv-six years ago as secre-
tary to the then president, Wm. L. Trenholm, subsequently bSng elected
superintendent of agencies, vice-president and then first vice-president
He is also chairman of the Surety Clearing House Committee. Be-
fore entering the service of the company he was employed in the
executive offices of the Georgia Pacific Railway (now a part of the
Southern system), serving as secretary to the late Major John W. John-
ston, president of the Georgia Pacific.
BROWN, WILLIAM H., second vice-president and secretary
o'the Columbian National Life Insurance Company, Boston, was bom
in Northbridge, Mass., September 21, 1869. He was educated in the
public schools of Northbridge and Douglas, followed L y a commercial
course in Boston. He began his active career in 1888, with the Boston
Young Men's Christian Union, and later Massachusetts State Board
of Charities, 1892-96. He entered Massachusetts Insurance Depart-
ment in March, 1896, but resigned in 1905 to accept position as secretary
and treasurer of The Columbian National Life Insurance Company and
is at the present time second vice-president and secretary of the com-
pany. He is also a di ector of that company, and a di ector in the Bos-
ton Young Men's Christian Union.
BUCKNER, THOMAS A., vice-president. New York Life Insur-
ance Company, 346 Broadway, New York City., was bom January 18,
1865, at Bloomington, 111., and educated at a private academy and
Woodland College, Missouri. His home is at Riverdale-on-Hudson,
N. Y.
BUCKNER, WALKER, second vice-president of the New York
Life Insurance Company, was born in Independence, Missouri, March
16, 1 87 1. He began his business career with the New York Life,
Biographical Sketches 485
beginnine as office boy and clerk in the Milwaukee branch office in
1885. He was appointed cashier of the St. Paul, Minn., branch in
1890, and two years later agency director of the Northwestern branch,
and agency director of Missouri Clearing House, St. Louis, in 1894.
He was appointed inspector of agencies of the central department
headquarters at St. Louis in 1903, and superintendent of agencies of
the European department, with headquarters in Paris, France, in
May, 1904. He was elected to his present position in 1909.
BULKiLEY, MORGAN G., president of the iEtna Life Insur-
ance Company, is the son of Judge Eliphalet A. Bulkeley, the first
president of both the Connecticut Mutual Life and the iEtna. He
was born at East Haddam, Conn., December 26, 1837. When a
youth he was engaged in the dry goods business in Brooklyn, N. Y.
In 1872 returned to Hartford, he organized the United States Trust
Company, and was its president until July, 1879, when, ui>on Mr.
Enders' resignation, he was chosen president of the iEtna Life. In
1880 Mr. Bulkeley was elected mayor of Hartford, and served eight
years, and governor of Connecticut from 1888 to 1893, and in 1894
was elected president of the Connecticut Society of Sons of the Revo-
lution. He is also a member of the Connecticut Commanderv of
the Military Order of Foreign Wars, a member of the Society of the
Cincinnati in the State of Connecticut, commander of the G. A. R.
of Connecticut in 1903-04, and is connected as director with several
financial and manufacturing corporations of Connecticut. At a
joifit session of the Connecticut General Assembly, held on January
17, 1905, Morgan G. Bulkeley was elected to represent the state of
Connecticut in the United States Senate as the successor of General
Joseph R. Hawley. His term expired March 3, 19 11.
BULKLEV, GEORGE E., vice-president of the Connecticut
General Life Insurance Company, was born in North Granville, N. Y.,
November 4, 1873. He was educated in the public schools of Hartford
and Yale University, from which he graduated in 1896. He entered the
employ of the Connecticut General Life in that year and was appointed
actuary in June, 1904, was elected secretary May, 1905, second vice-
president in February, 191 7 and vice-president in October, 191 7. He is
an associate member of the Actuarial Society of America.
BULKLEY, GEORGE GRANT, vice-president of the Springfield
Fire and Marine Insurance Compjany, is a native of Connecticut and
was born in Rocky Hill, February 4, 1871. He was educated in the
public schools of Hartford, Conn., and began his insurance career in the
office of the Orient Insurance Company, Hartford. He became home
office special agent of the Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance
Company in 191 1 and in 1912 was made assistant secretary, being
elected second vice-president in 191 7 and to his present office in 1919.
BURCHELL, GEORGE W., former president of the Queen Insur-
ance Company of America, was born at Brooklyn, N. Y., May 31,
1850. When but fourteen years of age, in 1864, he entered the office
of the Niagara Fire as a clerk, and continued there until 1869. He was
486 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in the mercantile business two years, and then with the Phenix of
Brooklyn from 187 1 to 1881, heme special agent in the eastern and
middle states the last eight years. In 1881 he went into the service of
the Queen of Liverpool, traveling for it as general agent in the middle
states until 1889, when he became deputy manaser ofthe United States
branch. When the Queen Insurance Company ofAmerica was organized
under the laws of the state of New York, to take the business of the
Liverpool company, Mr. Burchell was appointed secretary. He was
elected vice-president in April, 1900, president in November, 1918, and
is also a director of the company. He was elected president of the
National Board of Fire Underwriters of America at the annual meetings
in May, 1906, and 1907, and elected vice-president of New York Board
of Fire Underwriters at the annual meeting. May, 1906, and elected
president of the Underwriters' Salvage Company of New York in July,
1906. He is also a director of the Royal Indemnity Company of New
York, Lloyds Plate Glass Company of New York, and vice-president
New York Board of Fire Underwriters (1916-1917). Mr. Burchell
retired as president of the company. May i, 1920, and resides at Bay
Shore, N. Y.
BURKART, A. S., vice-president and general manager of the
Conservative Life Insurance Company of America, South Bend, Ind.,
was born at Ingersoll, Canada, in 1876. He was educated at Detroit
College and Notre Dame University and commenced his insurance
career at Detroit in the service of the Prudential Life Insurance Com-
pany of New Jersey. In 1894 he became cashier of the Detroit office
of the Prudential Insurance Company from which position he was
promoted to assistant superintendent. He resigned in 1900 to engage
in the real estate business. He re-entered the life insurance business
in 191 2 as manager of the South Bend oftice of the Public Savings Life
Insurance Company and in 19 14 he received his present appointment of
vice-president and general manager of the Conservative Life Insurance
Company of America.
BURKE, HERMAN ROGER, Assistant Manager Royal Insur-
ance Company, Ltd., Queen Insurance Company of America, and
Newark Fire Insurance Company, Pacific Coast Branch Offices, San
Francisco. Was born at Two Rivers, Wisconsin, April i, 1869. Was
educated in the Two Rivers, Wisconsin, public schools and entered
the local agency business in Wausau, Wisconsin, in 1888. Two years
later he came to the Pacific Coast and was in the local agency business
in Seattle until 1891 when he became Washington State Agent of the
Farmers and Merchants Insurance Company of Lincoln, Nebraska,
and continued with that Company until December i, 1893, when he
became associated as Special Agent in charge of Oregon, Washington,
Idaho and Montana, with the Pacific Coast Branch Office conducted
jointly by the Royal and the Norwich Union, under Manager Edwin W.
Carpenter. He continued with the Royal and Norwich Union, and
with the Royal and Queen under Manager Rolla V. Watt, and was
appointed Assistant Manager January i, 19 18. He was for eleven
years a member of the Oregon Insurance Rating Bureau, has been a
member of the Oregon Advisory Committee ever since his removal to
Biographical Sketches 487
San Francisco, and is now president of that committee. Was also
secretary and treasurer of the Fire Prevention Bureau of the Pacific
until that organization was taken over by the National Board.
BURNS, F. HIGHLAND, president of the Maryland Casualty
Company, Baltimore, Md., was born in Baltimore, Md., May 14,
1873, and received his early education in the private schools of that
city. Later he attended the Episcopal High School at Alexandria,
Va. He is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
and began his business career in the service of the Atlantic Trans-
port Service in 1892. He became connected with the Maryland Cas-
ualty company on organization in 1898, and after a brief clerkship
was appointed manager of the claim dn>artment, and in 1908 was
appointed superintendent of agents, which carried with it supervision
of underwritmg in the liability department. He was elected third
vice-president in 1905, second vice-president in 1910; first vice-
president in 191 5, and was elected to his present position in May, 1920,
on the death of President John T. Stone. He is also president of
Maryland Assurance Corporation and vice-president and a director of
the Western National Bank and a director of the Eutaw Savings
Bank, both of Baltimore, and also active in the social and civic life of
Baltimore.
BURPEE, WILLIAM B., secretary of the New Hampshire Fire
Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H., was born at Sutton, N. H.,
September 8, 1864. He received a public school education, and entered
the service of the New Hampshire Fire as junior clerk in 1884. He
served as chairman of the executive committee of the New England
Insurance Exchange during 1904- 1905. He was elected assistant
secretary of the New Hampshire in August, 1905, and made secre-
tary in January, 1909.
BUSH, HARVEY A., assistant manager of the western depart-
ment of the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., was
born in Chicago, June 16, 1881. Mr. Bush began his insurance career
in the Chicago oriHce of the Fire Association of Philadelphia, of which
his father the late Henry W. Bush, was western manager. He remained
with the Fire Association until 1903, when he entered the service of
the Hartford Fire Insurance Company in the western field. He was
special agent of the company in Kansas and Missouri for several
years, later going to the western department off ces in Chicago as an
examiner; subsequently being placed in charge of the comjjany's
special hazard department. He resigned his connection with the
Hartford Fire in 19 19 to accept a position with the Continental Insur-
ance Company in New York, but resigned this connection in 1920 to
accept his present position.
BUSWELL, FREDERIC C, vice-president Home Insurance
Company, 56 Cedar Street, New York, N. Y., was born in New Jersey,
February 22, i860. He entered the service of the Home in 1881 and
after a varied experience in the office was appointed assistant secretary
in 1898, second vice-president in 1902 and vice-president in 1904. He
488 Cyclopedia of Insurance
served as president of the National Board of Fire Underwriters in 19 19
and 1920, and is also vice-president of the Franklin Fire Insurance
Company of Philadelphia and the City of New York Insurance Com-
pany.
BUTLER, LOUIS F., president of The Travelers Insurance Com-
pany, of Hartford, is a native of Hartford, Conn., where he was bom
July 23, 1 87 1. His entire business life has been spent with The Travel-
ers. He first entered its service in 1890, and was appointed assistant
actuary in 1901, and assistant secretary in 1904. He was elected sec>
retary in 1907, and vice-president in 19 12, succeeding to the presidenc}'
on the death of President Dunham in 19 15.
CABOT, FRANCIS ELLIOT, secretary of the Boston Board
of Fire Underwriters, was born in Boston, February 6, 1859. He
was educated in the Brookline High School, Roxbury Latin School,
and graduated from Harvard University in 1880 with the degree of
A.B. He engaged in telephone and electric light work, and in
1884, became an inspector for the Boston Board of Underwriters.
He served for one year, 1888-1889, as superintendent of surveys of
the Buffalo Association, and later became superintendent and engi-
neer of the Boston Board. He was elected to his present position
with the Board in November, 1908. He is an Honorary Life Member
of the National Fire Protection Association and was a member of the
Council of Underwriters and a member of the committee on standards
from its formation till 191 7. He was chairman of the Electrical Com-
mittee in charge of the National Electrical Code from its inception
in 1892 till 191 8. He is an associate member of the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers.
CAIRNS, EDWARD T., manager of the Eastern Department of the
Fireman's Fund and the Home Fire and Marine Insurance Companies,
was born at Hartford, Conn., June 2, 1874. His first insurance ex-
perience was with the Factory Insurance Association in 1892, as drafts-
man and later as inspector. In 1900 he entered the employ of the
North British and Mercantile at New York, and served that com-
pany in various capacities at Chicago and New York till 1916, when
he resigned to take the vice-presidency of the Pennsylvania Fire Insur-
ance Company at the home office in Philadelphia. When the North
British purchased the Pennsylvania about a year later, he returned to
New York and was shortly advanced to the position of assistant manager
of the North British and Mercantile and vice-president of its associated
companies. He resigned from these companies Jan. 10, 1922 to take
his present position at Boston with the Fireman's Fund and Home
Fire and Marine. Mr. Cairns was long identified with Sprinklered Risk
Underwriting, having been actively in charge of that important depart-
ment of the North British and Mercantile offices for ten years prior to
1 913. He has also been particularly interested in fireproof constnic-
tion, as a meml^er of various committees on that subject.
Biographical Skbtchbs 489
CAMPBELL, DONALD FRANCIS, actuary, Chicago, 111., was
born in Nova Scotia, April 26, 1867. He was educated at Dalhousie
College, and at Harvard University from which he graduated in 1894,
later taking the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. He engaged in teaching
and is at present professor of mathematics, Armour institute of Tech-
nology, Chicago, was secretary and actuary of the Illinois Pension
Laws Commission of 19 16, actuary of the Illinois Pension Laws Com-
mission of 19 18, and actuary of the Pension Laws Commission of
Milwaukee of 1920.
CAMPBELL, HUGH T., member of the general agency firm of
Simpson, Campbell & Co., Boston, Mass., is a native of Kentucky,
and was born in Hopkinsville, Christian county, February 7, 1877.
He began his insurance career in a local agency in St. Louis in 1899,
and two years later became connected with the St. Louis Underwriters
Bureau of Inspection. He removed to Boston the same year to become
inspector for Massachusetts for the American Central Insurance Com-
pany of St. Louis and the Mercantile Fire and Marine Insurance
Company of Boston and was later appointed special agent for the two
companies for Connecticut and New York states, and later for Massa-
chusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. Still later he was appointed
assistant secretary of the Mercantile Fire and Marine Insurance Com-
pany, subsequently becoming vice-president as well. He later joined
the general agency firm of Simpson, Cram & Co., Boston, the predeces-
sor of the present firm of Simpson, Cami)bell & Co., New England
managers for the American Central, California, Detroit Fire and Marine
and Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance Companies, and Mercantile
Fire & Marine Underwriters Agency, and also manager for the Mary-
land Casualty Company for the states of Massachusetts, New Hamp-
shire and Maine. He is also a member of the Boston local agency firm
of Simpson, Campbell, Havens & Co., Address 11 1 Milk street, Boston,
Mass.
CARNEY, JAMES H., member of the firm of Kaler, Carney,
LifHer and Co., 70 Kilby Street, Boston, Mass., is a native of Massa-
chusetts and was born in Boston, January 6, 1864. He was educated
in the public schools and Boston College from which he graduated in
the class of 1885. His business life has been spent largely in fire
insurance, and he is active in underwriting organizations. He is a
member of the executive committee of the Hudson Insurance Company
of New York; a trustee of the Insurance Federation of America, Inc.,
and the Insurance Society of Massachusetts, and is a director of the
Boston Protective department; a trustee of the Lincoln Savings
Bank, and a former president of the Boston Board of Fire Under-
writers and the National Council of Insurance Federations and a
member of the executive committee. National Association of Casualty
and Surety Agents; and the Casualty Information Clearing House, and
Vice-President Insurance Federation of Massachusetts.
CORSON, WILLIAM R. C, vice-president and treasurer of the
Hartford Steam Boiler InsF>ection and Insurance Company, Hartford,
Conn.; was born in New York city February 18, 1870, and received
490 Cyclopedia of Insuranxe
his education in the Hartford public schools, and Yale University from
which he graduated in 189 1. He entered the service of the Hartford
Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company in i 07. He was
elected secretary in 19 16 and to his present position in 1921. He is a
director of the company, and also of the Hartford Aetna National
Bank, and of the American School for the Deaf and a trustee of the
Wads worth Atheneum.
CARTLIDGE, H. T., manager of the western department of the
London and Liverpool and Globe Insurance Company, Chicago, III.,
began his insurance career with the Kansas and Oklahoma Rating
Bureau, and in 1899 became connected with the Shawnee Fire Insur-
ance company of Topeka, as special agent and adjuster. On the rein-
surance of the Shawnee Fire by the National Fire, Mr. Cartlidge
entered the service of the latter company and in 19 12 removed to
Chicago, where he organized the company's western farm department,
and a year later was appointed agency superintendent and assistant man-
ager, January, 1920. He was appointed to present position Feb. i, 1922,
CASE, CHARLES E., assistant United States manager of the
North British and Mercantile Insurance Company, New York, N. Y.,
was born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1875 and spent his early years in the
West, principally at St. Louis and Chicago. After graduating from
Harvard University he entered the fire insurance business in 1898.
Some years were spent in office and field work and in 1908 he became
secretary of the Commonwealth Insurance Company of New York,
and in 19 10 also assistant secretary of the North British and Mercantile
Insurance Company. In 191 1 he w^as made general agent of the
Western department of the North British and Mercantile and its
affiliated companies, and since 19 18 has been assistant United States
manager of the latter company and vice-president of the Mercantile
Insurance Company of America, the Commonwealth Insurance Com-
pany of New York, and the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company of
Philadelphia.
CASE, CHARLES LYMAN, late United States branch manager of
the London Assurance Corporation. [See Death Roll.)
CATLIN, SHELDON, second vice-president of the Insurance
Company of North America, Philadelphia, Pa., was born in Bridgeport,
Conn., July 8, 1873. He graduated from Yale University in 1894, and
soon after began his insurance career in the local agency field. After
two years' experience as a local agent, he entered the special agency
field representing the Weed and Kennedy companies in the eastern
states for four years. He was appointed special agent of the North
British and Mercantile insurance company in 1900, traveling in several
of the eastern states, and went with the Insurance Company of North
America in 1905, which he represented in the field until 19 10. In that
year he was called to the home office and appointed an assistant secre-
tary, and in 19 1 6 was elected to his present position.
CHANDLER, HAROLD N., assistant secretary of the Connec-
ticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., was bom
in Fitchburg, Mass., August 17, 1887. He is a graduate of Trinity
Biographical Sketches 491
College, class of 1909, and entered the service of the Connecticut
Mutual Life in that year. He was appointed to his present position
with the company in 1920. He is a member of the University Club and
the Hartford Golf Club.
CHAPMAN, BENJAMIN GAINES, JR., elected president
April 18, 1917, of the American Central Insurance Company, St.
Louis, Mo., was born of American parentage in St. Louis, Mo., July
II, 1883. He received a public and manual training school education
and entered Washington University, but did not complete the college
course. He was engaged with the Burroughs' Adding Machine Com-
pany for six years before entering the service of the American Ccfntral
Fire Insurance Company, February 15, 1909.
CHASE, CHARLES EDWARD, former president of the Hart-
ford Fire Insurance Company, and chairman of the Board of Direc-
tors, was born in Dubuque, la., March 29, 1857. He was educated
in the public schools of Hartford, graduating from the High School
in 1876, and in 1877 began his business career in the local agency of
the Hartford Fire. In 1880 he entered the home office in a clerical
capacity, and in July, 1890, was appointed second assistant secretary.
He was elected vice-president in 1903, and succeeded his father in the
presidency in January, 1908, but resigned in 1913, and was elected
chairman of the Board of Directors. He was president of the Hart-
ford Board of Fire Underwriters from 1894 to 1908, when he declined
a re-election, and was elected a member of the common council in 1892,
and a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1893 and 1895. He is
actively interested in a number of Hartford organizations, being a
director of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, the
Hart ford- Aetna National Bank, chairman of the Board of Directors of
the Hartford-Aetna National Bank; president Citizens Insurance Co.
of Missouri; chairman Board of Directors of the Hartford Accident
and Indemnity Co.; trustee of the Society for Savings, and director of
the Standard Screw Co.
CHASE, CHARLES EDWIN, secretary of the New Hampshire
Fire Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H., is a native of New
Hampshire and was bom in Manchester. He began his insurance
career as a clerk in the home office of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance
Company in 1892. In 1905 he accepted the position of superintendent
of agencies with the Royal Exchange Assurance in New York, and ten
years later returned to the service of the New Hampshire Fire. He
was appointed an assistant secretary in 19 18 and to his present position
in 1920.
CHILDS, ARTHUR E., president of the Columbian National
Life Insurance Company of Boston, is a native of Montreal, Can-
ada, where he was born September 16, 1869. He was educated in
the common and high schools of Montreal and graduated from McGill
University of that city, with the degree of B.Sc., and later won the
degree of M.Sc., and he is also a graduate in mathematics and mathe-
matic physics of the Central Technical College, London. He began his
492 Cyclopedia of Insurance
business career in connection with electric light, traction and power
enterprises, and in 1897 organized the Light, Htat and Power Cor-
poration to acquire lighting, heating and power plants in the eastern
states, and was elected president 01 the corporation. He is president
and a trustee of the Massachusetts Lighting Companies and vice-presi-
dent of the Boston and Worcester Street Railway Company, as well as a
directo in twenty-one other light and power corporations, and was
elected president of Columbian National Life Insurance Company in
1907. He is former president of the International Association of Casu-
alty and Surety Underwriters, a member of the Governing Committee of
the Bureau of Accident and Health Underwriters.
CHRISTOPHER, RICHARD C. assistant United States man-
ager of the Caledonian Insurance Company of Scotland, was born m
New York city, and was educated in the public schools of that city
and in Dolbear's Business College. He entered the employ of the
Niagara Fire Insurance Company, afterwards becoming special
agent tor New York state, and m 1890 he was appointed general
agent tor the same company in the middle department Aeld. From
1892-1894 he represented the Caledonian Insurance Company and
Niagara Fire Insurance Company as general agent in the same field,
and from the latter year until 1905 was general agent for the Cale-
donian Insurance Company in the same territory. He was elected
president of the Underwriters Association of the middle department
in 1904, but resigned when appointed second assistant manager of
the Caledonian in 1905. He was appointed to his present position
in 1906, and is also vice-president and a director of the Caledonian-
American Insurance Company of New York.
CHUBB, WILLIAM, former president of the Reliance Insurance
Company of Philadelphia, was born in that city March 21, 1845. After
leaving school at the age of fifteen years, he entered the office of
the Reliance as clerk, and his whole business life has been con-
nected with that company. He was elected secretary in 1869, vice-
president in 1892, and president in 1894, ^^^ retired in 192 1.
CLARK, ERNEST J., Baltimore, formerly president of the
National Association of Life Underwriters, was born near Newton-
ville, Ohio, June 27, 1872. He graduated from the Lebanon Uni-
versity in the class of 1890. After teaching school for one year, he
entered the life insurance business in Cincinnati, and in 1892 was ap-
pointed assistant superintendent of agents in Ohio for the Mutual
Benefit Life. In June, 1894, he was appointed superintendent of agents
for the John Hancock Mutual Life for Ohio and West Virginia, and
in January, 1897, was made state agent for that company For Mary-
land and the District of Columbia, which position he still holds. Mr.
Clark was one of the organizers of the Baltimore Life Underwriters'
Association and has served the association both as president and
secretary. He was elected secretary of the National Association of
Life Underwriters at its annual convention in 1904, was re-elected in
1905. and again in 1906. He was chairman of the executive com-
Biographical Sketches 493
mittee of the National Association in 1909. In 1913 Mr. Clark was
elected to the presidency of the association, and served one year. In
January, 191 1, he was appointed by the Circuit Court of Baltimore
City as one of the receivers of the United Surety Company, which
went into voluntary liquidation in January, 191 1. Mr. Clark is a
member of the Maryland Club, University Club and Merchants Club
of Baltimore, also the Baltimore Country Club and other prominent
organizations in both Baltimore and Washington. He is a member
of the leading Masonic bodies including both Scottish Rite and Tempn
lar Masonry.
CLARKE, GEORGE A., secretary of The Continental Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., was born in Atlanta, Ga., 1872 and
began his insurance career there in a local agency as a partner in 1889.
Later he entered the service of the South Eastern Tariff Association,
and served for sometime as stamp clerk at Norfolk Va., He later
became connected with the southern department of the Queen Insur-
ance Company, and in 1900 entered the service of the Imperial in its
New York office. He entered the service of the Home Insurance Com-
pany, New York, in 1902, and a year later was appointed state agent in
charge of the company's interests in New Jersey, Suburban New York
and Delaware, and in 191 7 was appointed assistant secretary, and
secretary in January 192 1. January 1922 was appointed secretary of
the Continental Insurance Company in charge of its Local De'partment.
CLARK, HERBERT A., manager of the western Department
National Liberty Insurance Comp>any of America was born in Chelsea.
Michigan and graduated from Ann Arbor Michigan High School,
He began his insurance career in the Western Department of the
National Liberty seventeen years ago and was appointed general
adjuster in 191 3 and assistant manager in 19 17. Mr. Clark is a former
president of the Fire Insurance Club of Chicago and has always been
active in insurance educational work.
CLARK, OSMAN DEWEY, secretary of the National Ltfe
Insurance Company of Montpelier, Vt., was born at Montpelier,
November 26, 1855. He was educated in the public schools of that
place and graduated from Amherst College in 1876. He was ad-
mitted to the Vermont bar in 1879, ^nd entered tne service of the
National Life as assistant secretary in 1885, and served as such until
elected to the secretaryship in 1899. He is a director of the company,
and served during the Spanish-American war as Colonel of the First
Vermont Volunteer Infantry.
CLARK, WILLIAM B., president of the iEtna Insurance
Company of Hartford, was born in that city in June, 1841. When
sixteen years old he entered the office of the Phoenix Insurance
Company of Hartford as bookkeeper, and remained with that com-
pany eleven years, the last four as secretary. Mr. Clark joined
the MtnsL in 1868 as assistant secretary. He was elected vice-presi-
dent in September, 1888, and was elected president November 30,
494 Cyclopedia of Insurance
i8g|2. He was vice-president of the National Board of Fire Under-
writers in 1894 and 1895, and was elected to the presidency of the
board in 1896.
CLOUGH. HERBERT R.. former president of the National Lib-
erty Insurance Company of America, was bom in Preston, England, in
1875, And received his early insurance training in that country at the
head office of the Palatine Insurance Company. He came to the
United States in 1906, and spent the major part of the fifteen years he
resided in America with the Fire and Casualty companies affiliated with
the Aetna Life Insurance Company of Hartford. While a secretary in
the Aetna organization, Mr. Clough took a leading part in the forma-
tion of the National Automobile Underwriters' Conference, later
becoming its president. He relinquished his connection with the Aetna
organization in 19 19 to become associated with the business of Chubb
& Son, marine underwriters of New York, and that connection he sev-
ered when elected president of the National Liberty in 1921. Mr.
Clough had to resign the presidency of the National Liberty the same
year through breakdown in health and returned to his native countrv',
where he is now engaged in the business of international reinsurance
with office headquarters at Mansion House Chambers, Queen Victoria
Street, London, his cable address being "Herbclough London."
CLUTIA, HARRY H., vice-president Westchester Fire Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., was born at Amherst, Mass., November 7,
1879. He was educated in the public schools of Amherst and graduated
from Amherst College in 1901. He began his insurance career with the
Norwich Union Assurance Society in 190 1 ; later became connected with
the Greenwich Fire Insurance Company, and represented the E. E. Hall
general agency as special agent in the New England field. He entered
the service of the Continental Insurance Company in 19 10, and three
years later became agency superintendent, and in 1914 was appointed
western manager of the Fidelity Underwriters. He entered the service
of the Westchester in 191 5 as agency manager; was elected secretar>'
of the company in 191 and to his present position in 19 19.
COATES, CHARLES H., president of the National Liberty
Insurance Company of America, was born in Neenah, Wisconsin, in
1872 and after graduating from High School he attended Valparaiso
College Valparaiso, Indiana, and later received the degree of LL.B., at
the University of Michigan. He entered the Western Department of
the National Liberty in March, 1900; was appointed special agent
in 1904 and executive special agent in 1912; became assistant manager
in 1913, and upon the death of the late Col. Halle in 1917 was appointed
manager of the Western Department. He was elected vice-president of
the National Liberty in August 1921 and president in October 1921.
COCHRAN, GEORGE IRA, president of the Pacific Mutual
Life Insurance Company, was born near Toronto, Canada, July i.
1863. He removed with his parents to Japan in 187J, where the
family resided until 1879. In the latter year his father returned
Biographical Sketches 495
to his former home at Toronto, where George entered Toronto Uni-
versity and where later he was called to the bar. He went to Los
Angeles in 1888, and became actively interested in many of the business
enterprises of southern California. He is a director of the Citizen's
Trust and Savings Bank, First National Bank, Los Angeles, South-
em California Edison Company, Anglo-California Trust Company of
San Francisco, Home Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and of many
other corporations. He was also vice-president of the Conservative Life
Insurance Company, and became president of the Pacific Mutual Life
shortly after those two companies were consolidated in 1906. He is also
treasurer of the University of Southern California and member of Los
Angeles Efficiency Commission, Regent of the State University and
director Los Angeles, Y. M. C. A.
COCHRAN, SAMUEL POYNTZ, member of the firm of
Trezevant & Cochran, Dallas, Tex., southwestern department man-
agers for a number of prominent companies, was born in Lexing-
ton, Ky., September 11, 1855, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He was
educated in the public schools in Covington, Ky., and on leaving
school in 1873 he began his insurance career as one of the survey-
ing corps employed by the National 'Board of Fire Underwriters
to survey and rate Cincinnati, Ohio, on the schedule plan. He was
engaged in this work in Cincinnati, Columbus, Dayton and Toledo,
Ohio, for about a year, and then entered the general agency office
of J. W. Cochran & Sons, general agents of the Franklin Fire of
Philadelphia, at Lexington, Ky. Later he engaged in the local
agency business at Covington, and served as deputy United States
marshal for the eastern district of Kentucky. In 1 881 he became
special agent of *he Phoenix of Hartford for Texas, and for a short
time acted in the same capacity for the Springfield Fire and Marine.
On July I, 1883, he became connected with and on January i, 1884,
was admitted to full partnership in the firm of Dargan & Treze-
vant, and July i, 1888, the firm name was changed to Trezevant &
Cochran. Mr. Cochran is prominent in Masonic circles, having
served as presiding officer in each of the five Masonic Grand Bodies
in Texas; active member or Sovereign Grand Inspector General of
the Supreme Council, 33rd degree, of the Ancient and Accepted
Scottish Rite for Texas; president of the Mutual Building Association
of Dallas (for thirty-three years), director American Exchange National
Bank of Dallas, the Chamber of Commerce, and Dallas Railway Co.,
and is actively interested in many public enterprises. The general
agency of Trezevant & Cochran was established in March, 1876, by
Dargan & Trezevant, with the Fire Association of Philadelphia as
its first company, which has remained continuously in the office.
COGSWELL, EDMUND S., general manager and secretary,
National Association of Mutual Casualty Companies, 23-31 West 43rd
Street, New York City, residence, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.; was
born in Salem, Mass. and educated in the public schools at Salem and at
Harvard University (A. B. Class 1906). He is a member of the Casu-
alty Actuarial Society and a thirty-second degree Mason. On gradual-
496 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ing from Harvard University in 1906 he entered the employ of the New
England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Boston, on the staff of the
Actuarial Department. In October 19 13 he became secretary and
actuary of the newly organized Massachusetts Teachers Retirement
Board. In 19 16 he was appointed Chief of the Workmen's Compensa-
tion Bureau of the Massachusetts Insurance Department by Insurance
Commissioner F. H. Hardison. Soon after, he became Deputy Insur-
ance Commissioner of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in charge
of the Workmen's Compensation Bureau. While in this latter office be
attended several rating conferences on Workmen's Compensation In-
surance and for two years served as chairman of the National Reference
Committee on Workmen's Compensation Insurance. He became Gen-
eral Manager of the National Association of Mutual Casualty Com-
panies in January, 1920.
COLCOCK, L. H., JR., assistant manager of the southern depart-
ment of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company,
New Orleans, La., is a native of that city where he was born in 1875.
He began his insurance career in a local agency there in 1892, and four
years later entered the ofBces of the Liverpool and London and Globe
as reinsurance clerk. After serving in various positions in the office he
was appointed special agent in Texas in 1903, and in 191 2 returned
to the southern department offices as chief clerk. He was appointed
deputy assistant manager April i, 1914, and appointed to his present
position January I, 1922.
COLVIN, CHARLES A., manager of the Pacific Coast depart-
ment of the Boston Insurance Company, New Hampshire Fire and
Providence Washington Insurance Companies, San Francisco, Cal.,
is a native of California. He began his insurance career in a general
agency office in San Francisco in 1889. In 1895 he went to Chicago as
an examiner, and four years later became a special agent in the Indiana
and Kentucky field, later returning to Chicago as examiner for the
Phenix Fire of Brooklyn. He returned to the Pacific Coast in 1904 as
special agent for the Phenix, later being transferred to the mountain
field. He assisted in adjusting the company's losses in the San Fran-
cisco conflagration. In 1909 he was appointed state agent in Indiana,
later being transferred to the Ohio field, and in 191 1 returned to the
Pacific Coast, having accepted the appointment of superintendent of
agencies for the Caledonian Insurance Company for the Pacific north-
west. In 1916 he was appointed special agent for the Boston, Old
Colony, New Hampshire Fire, County Fire and Providence- Washington
Insurance Companies, which position he relinquished to become assist-
ant manager of the Pacific Coast department of those companies and
January i, 1922 was appointed manager.
COPELAND, GEORGE E., superintendent of agencies. North-
western Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Milwaukee, Wis., was
born at Middlebur>', Vt., May 28, 1857, and received a high school
education. During his early business career he was engaged success-
sively in railroading and in the U. S. Internal Revenue Service. In
Biographical Sketches 497
1884 he entered the life insurance field with the Equitable of New York,
covering as a member of the firm of Copeland & Post a large part of
Illinois. January i, 1886, he became general agent for the North-
western at Davenport, la., in which position he remained until May I,
1893, when he was called to the home office of the company. Septem-
ber I, 1894, he was appointed second assistant superintendent of
agencies, January 9, 1903, assistant superintendent, and on June 13,
1 9 16, he was elected superintendent.
CORBET, JAMES C, former manager for the Western department
of Northern Assurance Company of London, Chicago, 111., has spent
all his business life in fire insurance, having started as office boy in
a local agency in New York City. He entered the service of the Lan-
cashire Insurance Company of Manchester, England, in 1884, and
served the company in both office and field. He was appointed assist-
ant manager ot the western department of the Northern in 1901, and
had charge of adjusting the company's losses in the San Francisco
conflagration. He became manager of the company's western de-
partment at Chicago in January 1916 on the death of G. H. Lermit, but
resigned June 30, 1922.
CORN WELL, SILAS H., a vice-president of the Phoenix Mutual
Life Insurance Company of Hartford, was born in Canaan, N. Y.,
April 23, 1852. He received a public school education and entered the
home office of the Phcenix as junior clerk in 1868. He was promoted
through clerkships to cashier and chief bookkeeper in 1880, and was
made assistant secretary in 1903. He was elected secretary in Jan-
uary, 1905, a director in January, 191 4, and to his present position in
January, 19 18.
COSGROVE, P. A., secretary in charge of the Fire Department of
the Importers and Exporters Insurance Company of New York, is
a native of Hartford, Conn., and began his insurance career in 1900
as office boy. From this beginning he worked his way through various
office positions until appointed inspector, and traveled for some years
in the eastern Atlantic states as inspector and special agent. Later
he served as special agent and adjuster in the New England states for
the Fidel ity-Phenix Insurance Company for eight years. In 191 8 he
accepted a position in the office of Fred S. James & Co., as agency
superintendent for the General Fire and Urbaine Fire and the Eagle,
Star and British Dominions, and was appointed assistant manager of
these companies in 1 921. Early in 1922 he resigned to accept his
present position.
COSMUS, JOHN ALBERT, vice-president and secretary of the
Connecticut Fire Insurance Company, is of Danish descent and was
born in Jersey City, N. J., May 22, 1868. He was educated in the public
and high schools of his native city, and in New York University,
but left college before graduation to engage in civil engineering.
He began his insurance work with the Continental Insurance Com-
pany of New York in 1897 s^s inspector, and was appointed special
498 Cyclopedia of Insurance
agent for that company in New York state in 1900. In 1905 he was
appointed special agent in New York state for the G>nnecticat Fire
Insurance Company, and was appointed general agent at the home
office in the latter part of the same year. He was appointed as-
sistant secretary in January, 1907, and secretary in 19 15, and vice-
president and secretary in 1920.
COWLES, WALTER GOODMAN, vice-president of The Trav-
elers Insurance Company, Hartford, is a native of Farmington, Conn.,
where he was born April 4, 1857. He was educated in the public schook
and the Connecticut Literary Institute, Suffield, and graduated from
the Yale Law School in i379. He engaged in the practice of law, and
entered the service of The Travelers Insurance Company July i, 1884.
He was elected to his present position in 19 12.
CpX, ROBERT LYNN, third vice-president of the Metropol-
itan Life Insurance Company of New York, was born of American
parentage near Warren, 111., Noveniber 27, 1865. He was educated in
the public schools and the University of Buffalo, where he was gradu-
ated from the law department in 1898. His early vocation was that
of publisher, later taking up a general law practice. He was a member
of the New York Assembly in 1903-4-5, and 1906, and was a member of
the legislative committee which investigated life insurance in 1905,
a member of the assembly's standing committee on insurance during
the session of 1906, and chairman of the judiciary committee. He
was appointed attorney and secretary of the Association of Life In-
surance Presidents in 1907, and was appointed its general counsel and
manager on the death of Grover Cleveland, its first general counsel.
He has occupied his present position since January i, 19 17.
CRAIG, JAMES M., late actuary of the Metropolitan Life Insur-
ance Company of New York, was born of Scotch parentage at Philadel-
phia, April 5, 1848. His education was obtained in the public schools
and at the Cooper Institute, New York. He entered the life insur-
ance business as a clerk in the office of the National Life Insurance
Company in New York in 1866, which was organized by the men who
controlled the National Travelers Insurance Company which sub-
sequently became the Metropolitan Life. He immediately began the
study of the mathematics underlying the life insurance system and was
called to the service of the Metropolitan Life in May, 1872. He be-
came the company's actuary; was elected president of the Actuarial
Society of America, May, 191 5; was presented with a beautiful silver
service by his fellow officers, June i, 19 16, in celebration of fifty years
of service in life insurance; he was also presented with a Tiffany ship
clock by the members of the Council of the Actuarial Society of Amer-
ica in commemoration of the same event, which was coincident with
his retirement as president of the society. Mr. Craig died January 20,
1922.
CRAWFORD, GEORGE R., former president of the W^estchester
Fire Insurance Company of New York. [See Death Roll.]
Biographical Sketches 499
CROCKER, WALTON L., president of the John Hancock
Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston, was born at Plymouth,
Nova Scotia, of English parentage, Februaiy 8, 1868. He was edu-
cated in the public schools at Cambridge, Mass., and began his busi-
ness experience in manufacturing and mercantile pursuits, and later
entered the railroad business with the Boston & Albany. He
was elected to the office of secretary in 1903, and in October, 1909,
was made a director of the company. He was elected to the position
of third vice-president on February I3, 19 12, and on February 13,
19 1 7, was made second vice-preside;it. He was chosen first vice-
president in February, 1918, and was made president November 17,
1921.
CROSBY, EVERETT U., was bom at Worcester, Mass.. April 2d,
1871, spent his youth at Newton, Mass., and graduated from the
Cutler School, began the insurance business in the department of
sprinklered risks maintained by the Phenix, National, Queen, and
New Hampshire Insurance Companies at Boston, subsequently be-
coming manager of this department. In 1894 the department was
merged into the present Underwriters' Bureau of New England, Mr.
Crosby being made secretary and manager, which position he held
until 1900, when he resigned to accept the position of general agent
for the United States with the North British and Mercantile Insurance
Company at New York City. This position he held for seven years and
also organized the Improved Risks Department for that Company.
Leaving the North British and Mercantile in 1906 his present connec-
tion with Brown & Co., was made. He was one of the organizers of the
National Fire Protection Association, holding the office otsecretary and
treasurer for seven years, and later that of chairman of the executive
committee. He wsus one of the National Board's committee of consult-
ing engineers, and is an ex-president of the Insurance Society of New
York. Also an ex-president of the Insurance Brokers Association of
New York. Also author of the first editions of 'The Hand Book of
Fire Protection for Improved Risks," and now has prepared the sixth
edition in co-operation with Henry H. Fiske and H. Walter Foster,
and is the author of the original procedure for rating sprinklered risks
known as the "Restricted Rating Schedule," which is used by the East-
em and Southern rate makers. He was appointed by President Roose-
velt a member of the United States Government National Advisory
Board on Fuels and Structural Materials. At present Mr. Crosby
is managing partner, Willcox, Peck, Brown & Crosby, 3 South William
Street, New York, Fire and Casualty Brokers. Partner, Henry^ W.
Brown & Co., 118 William Street, New York, Fire Underwriting
managers; Partner, Henry W. Brown & Co., 435 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, Insurance Agents; Partner, Brown, Crosby & Co., 137
South 5th Street, Philadelphia, Insurance Brokers; vice-president
Independence Bureau, Philadelphia; vice-president Independence
Insurance Company.
CROSBY, UBERTO C, former United States manager Royal
Exchange Assurance of London, England, is a native of Mattapoisett,
Mass. He entered the office of the Bay State Fire Insurance Company
500 Cyclopedia of Insurance
at Worcester as a clerk in 1866. He afterwards became secretary of
the company and continued with it until the Boston fire of 1872, when
it discontinued business owing to the heavv losses at that time. He
then became New England special agent for the Commercial Union
Assurance Company of London. He resigned that position in 1883
and became special agent of the Phenix Insurance Company of New
York for New England and the Maritime provinces. In September,
1899, he accepted tne position of secretary of the New Hampshire Fire
Insurance Company, and at the death of its former president was
elected to that position in January, 1900. He resigned that position
May I, 1905, to accept the position of United States manager of the
Royal Exchange Assurance, London, England. Mr. Crosby retired
as manager, December 31, 191 1, and was appointed a director in the
United States. Elected president Insurance Library Association of
Boston, June, 1918.
CUNNINGHAM, HARRY R., vice-president and general
manager of the Montana Life Insurance Company, Helena, Mont.,
was lx>rn in Philadelphia, Pa., of American parentage, April 28, 1868.
He was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools, and began
his business experience as a boy in a wholesale drygoods house. He
went west in 1885, and in 1892 was business manager of the Butte
Daily Inter-Mountain, and later commercial agent of the Butte Elec-
tric & Power Company. He was elected a member of the Montana
legislature in 1894, and from 1896 to 1901 was assistant file and journal
clerk of the United States senate. He was elected state auditor and
ex-of!icio insurance commissioner of Montana in 190^ and re-elected
in 1908, and held that office until the latter part of 191 1, when he
resigned, and accepted his present position December 15, 191 1. Dur-
ing Mr. Cunningham's tenure of the office of Insurance Commissioner
of Montana he held the position of secretary of the National Conven-
tion of Insurance Commissioners for a period of three years, and was
elected president of the American Life Convention at the annual meet-
ing in 192 I.
CUNNINGHAM, JOHN L., former president of the Glens Falls
Insurance Comi>any, of New York, was elected to that office January
20, 1892, succeeding Russell M. Little, deceased. President Cunning-
ham was born at Hudson, N. Y., April 5, 1840. His boyhood was
passed on a farm in Essex county. New York, and afterwards pur-
sued his legal studies at the Union University Law School at Albany,
graduating in 1861 with the degree of LL.B. He practised law at
Essex until he enlisted in the Ii8th New York Regiment in 1862 and
went to the front. He saw a good deal of active service, was for some
time provost marshal at Portsmouth, Va., and came out of the war
with the rank of major and brevet lieutenant-colonel. On returning
home he was appointed collector of internal revenue for the Sixteenth
Congressional District of New York, which position he resigned to join
the field force of the Glens Falls as a special agent. In 1872 Colonel
Cunningham was elected secretary of the company, and became virtu-
ally its manager. On the death of President Little in 1892 he succeeded
to the presidency, and resigned April 29, 1914.; but continues unofficial
service and remains on board of directors and its executive committee.
Biographical Sketches 501
CUTLER, HARRY M., vice-president of the National Life
Insurance Company, Montpelier, Vt., was born at Montpelier, De-
cember 15, 1867. He was connected with the First National Bank of
Montpelier from 1884 to 1889, becoming teller in 1886, and assistant
cashier in 1888. He entered the service of the National Life Insur-
ance Company in 1889, and was elected assistant treasurer in 1890,
and treasurer in 1897. He was elected a member of the board of
directors in January, 1899, a member of the finance committee in
January, 1900, and second vice-president and treasurer in January,
1911 . On January 18, 1916, he was elected vice-president and treasurer,
and on January 16, 1917, he was elected vice-president. In April,
192 1, he was elected chairman of the building committee in charge of
building the new home office building, and in January, 1922, was
appointed by the board of directors chairman of the finance committee.
DAMON, ALONZO WILLARD, president of the Spring-
field Fire and Marine Insurance Company, was born at South
Scituate, now Norwell, Mass., February 11, 1847, and was the son
of Davis Damon, a descendant of John Damon, one of the early
settlers of Plymouth, Mass. His insurance life began as a clerk
in the office of the Washington Insurance Company of Boston in
1862. He worked his way up to the secretaryship of that company,
and served it in that capacity from 1880 to 1887. The following
year he took the New England special agency for the Franklin
Fire of Philadelphia, but in 1890 the late President Dunham of
the Springfield Fire and Marine sent for him, and offered him
the special agency for eastern New England, which he accepted.
He was called to the home office as assistant secretary in the
winter of the same year, and on the death of President Wright
he was, in April, 1895, advanced to the vacant presidency. He
was president of the National Board of Fire Underwriters in 1910.
DANA, GORHAM, manager of the Underwriters' Bureau of
New England, Boston, Mass., was born in Charlestown, Mass., Octo-
ber, 1868. He was educated in the public schools and the Institute
of Technology, Boston, from which he graduated with the class of
1892, and after graduation engaged in civil engineering. He was
appointed an inspector of the Underwriters' Bureau of New England
in 1894 ^^^ '^^s appointed to his present position in 1903. He is
chairman of the committee on Tanks and a former member of executive
committee of the National Fire Protection Association and former
president and secretary of the Fire Underwriters' Uniformity Associa-
tion.
DANAHY, EDMUND WILKINSON, superintendent division of
printing and supplies of the ^tna Life Insurance Company, ^tna
Casualty and Surety Company and the Automobile Insurance Com-
pany, was born in Hartford and received his education in the city's
public schools. He has spent his entire business career in the service
of the Mtna. Life, and entered the employ of the company in Novem-
ber, 1895.
502 Cyclopedia op Insurance
DARGAN, MILTON, manager of the aouthern department of
the Royal Insurance Company of Liverpool, and the Newark Fire
Insurance Company of Newark, N. j., is a native of South Caro-
lina. He was born at Sumter in that state, February 22, 1862, and
received his collegiate education at Furman University at Green-
ville, S. C, after which he became a cadet at the United States Naval
Academy at Annapolis. From that institution, in 1883, he went
immediately into the fire insurance business at Dallas, Tex., as a
clerk in the office of Dargan & Trezevant. Subsequently Mr. Dar-
fan saw much service in the field. He traveled as special agent for
>argan & Trezevant, and afterward secretary of the Association of
Fire Underwriters for Texas, with headquarters at Houston, from
July, 1887, until the disbandment of the organization, on account
of anti-trust law, in 1889; then served the Queen of Liverpool as
special agent and adjuster for Texas, Arkansas and adjacent terri-
tory, until January, 1894, when he assumed the management of the
southern department of the Lancashire. On July 16, 1900, Mr.
Dargan was appointed manager of the eastern department of the
Lancashire, with headquarters in New York, in addition to the south-
ern department, which had been consolidated with the New York
office. He continued in the office until the reinsurance and retire-
ment of the company in 1901, and in 1902 he was appointed to his pres-
ent position. He is a director of the Royal Indemnity Company of
New York, a company organized for general casualty business by the
Royal Insurance Company.
DARLINGTON, HART, United States Manager and Attorney
of the Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society, Limited, of Norwich,
England, was born in Wisconsin on November 26, 1875. After a high
school training and attendance at college for a time, he entered the
local agency of George C. Clark & Co., of Chicago, in 1895. Two
years later, when the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company opened
its Western Department in Chicago, Mr. Darlington was the first
employe, entering the office as a clerk. Three years later, he had
reached the position of chief loss clerk in the office of the Western
Department of the Royal Insurance Company of England, and in 1890
he received the appointment by that company of special agent in
Wisconsin. From that he advanced in 1905 to the position of State
aeent for Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, of the Insurance Company
oF the State of Pennsylvania and the American Fire Insurance Com-
§any of Philadelphia, where he remained for two years, when the
tate of Pennsylvania transferred him to New York State as its State
Agent. In January, 1913, he was elected a vice president of that
company, when he went to the home office in Philadelphia, but before
the close of the year he resigned his connection with the State of
Pennsylvania to accept the position of State Agent for New York of
the Phoenix Insurance Company of London, and on July i, 191 4, he
was appointed Assistant United States Manager of that company,
where he remained until accepting his present appointment in 1921.
DAVENPORT, ROBERT H., secretary of the Berkshire Life
Insurance Company, Pittsfield, Mass., began his business life with the
company in a clerical position. He is a native of Pittsfield, where he
Biographical Sketches 503
was bom of American parentage, September 27, 1875. He was edu-
cated in the public and high schools of Pittsfield, and entered the employ
of the Berkshire Life in 1895. He was elected assistant secretary in
1903, and secretary in January, 19 12.
DAVIS, SAMUEL, associate counsel, John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Company, Boston, Mass., was born in Philadelphia
in 1866. Went to Boston in 1893 and entered the insurance busi-
ness. Boston correspondent for The Surveyor of New York and a
frequent contributor to other insurance publications. Associate editor
of the Journal of Insurance Economics. Studied law and was admitted
to Massachusetts Bar in 1907. Author of a resolution introduced into
Congress in 19 14 for a constitutional amendment giving Congress
exclusive power to regulate insurance.
DAVIS, WILLIAM F., assistant secretary of the New England
Mutual Life Insurance Company, Boston, was bom at Woburn, Mass.,
December 12, 1849. He received a public school education and began
his business career as a leather worker. He began his life insurance
work as a clerk in the office of the New England Mutual Life in 1870,
and was for a number of years cashier, until elected to his present posi-
tion in 1907. He is a resident of Woburn, Mass., and has served the city
as member of the board of aldermen several terms, being president of
the board in 18^3 and 1898, and in 1899 was elected mayor of that city
and re-elected m 1900 and 1901.
DAWSON, MILES MENANDER, consulting actuary and
lawyer, was born at Viroqua, Wis., May 13, 1863. He was educated
in the public schools and at Transylvania College then a part of Ken-
tucky University, and in law at New York University, honorary degree
(LL.D.) conferred in 1916, by Transylvania College. After leaving college
he was engaged in the fire and general insurance business until 1886, and
subsequently was a life insurance agent until i994f when he entered
the actuarial profession, practicing since that date as a consultant
(firm name now Miles M. Dawson & Son), and also since 1907 as an
insurance lawyer, (firm name now, Dawson, Merrill & Dawson.)
Offices, Bar Building, No. 42 West 44th Street, New York City. He
is Fellow (by Examination) of the Actuarial Society of America and the
Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain and (by election) of the American
Institute of Actuaries, Casualty, Actuarial Society, Fraternal Actuarial
Association and other actuarial societies in the United States and
abroad; also a member of the New York City, New York State and
American Bar Associations. Mr. Dawson is the author of "The
Business of Life Insurance," "Elements of Life Insurance," "Assess-
ment Life Insurance," "Principles of Insurance Legislation," "Practi-
cal Lessons in Actuarial Science," "Things Agents Should Know,"
"Various Derived Tables," "Comparative Reserve Tables," "Sur-
vivorship Annuity Tables." He was the actuary of New York Legis-
lative Committee and the Royal Commission of Canada. In 1908 he
visited Europe as the actuary of the Russell Sage Foundation to study
workingmen's insurance, in company with Dr. Lee K. Frankel, result-
ing in their joint authorship of "W^orkingmen's Insurance in Europe."
504 Cyclopedia of Insurance
In 1910 visited Europe for the Bureau of Labor to study costs of
workmen's compensation insurance, resulting in a report published in
the September, 1910, Bulletin of the Bureau. In 1914, employed by
the State Workmen's Compensation Commission of New York as con-
sulting expert to assist in planning its organization and work under the
new law; in 191 7, engaged by the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare,
in co-operation with U. S. Judge Julian W. Mack, the policy, terms, and
conditions and rates for the military and naval insurance; in 1918-19,
acted as special legal examiner (of Emergency Fleet Corporation's
Ship Construction Contracts) for the United States Shipping Board;
in 19 19, counsel and actuary for commissioner investigating New York
State Industrial Commission and State Insurance Fund, advising ac-
tuary of U. S. War Risk Bureau, in re distribution of surplus to holders
of transferred policies.
DAY, FREDERICK WILLIAM, late manager, at New York of
the Royal Insurance Company, Limited, Liverpool, England. Mr.
Day died October 15, 1921. [See Death Roll.)
DEITCH, GCILFORD A., Indianapolis, Ind., is a native of
Indiana, and was born in Franklin, November 3, 1858. He received
a public and private school education and is a graduate of the Cincin-
nati Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1880, and has made
a special study of insurance law, having attained prominence as a
writer on the law of insurance, and is as well the author of ** The Stand-
ard Fire Policy," and "Insurance Digest." He is counsel and agency
director for the Reserve Loan Life Insurance Company, and attorney
for a large number of other insurance companies.
DENNIS, WILLIAM L., secretary of the Home Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., is a native of Georgia and was bom in
Atlanta. He began his insurance career there, and after a varied
experience in the southern field, entered the service of the Home in
1902 as examiner in company's southern department. Later he became
supervisor of the department and was appointed assistant secretary-
in 19 1 7. He was appointed to his present position in January 192 1.
DE ROODE, HOLGER, western fire underwriter, is descended
from a noble Dutch family, and was born at Rotterdam, Holland.
He came to this country at an early age and received his education
principally at St. Xavier's College in Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. de Roode
went into a fire insurance office in Cincinnati when less than sixteen
years old, and has been continuously in the fire insurance business
over thirty years, and in the local business in Chicago over twenty-
five years. Meanwhile, he was general manager at Chicago for over ten
years of the Providence- Washington and other fire companies. He was
the pioneer in the co-insurance movement and chairman of the first
committee on the subject of the Western Union. Mr. de Roode is a
prominent member of the Chicago Ethical Society, and a Trustee of the
Holland Society of Chicago, and has been a frequent contributor to the
insurance press, and the proceedings of the Fire Underwriters Associa-
tion of the Northwest and the National Association of Insurance Agents.
Biographical Sketches 505
He is now the head of H. de Roode & Company, conducting a general
insurance and investment agency in Chicago, representing principally
the old California Insurance Company, as chief agent. In 1902 Nlr. de
Roode published and copyrighted a pamphlet entitled "Some Facts
for Investors in Fire Insurance Shares," which has been accepted
as an authority in insurance and financial circles. He is the organizer
and past president of The Society of Life Members of the Fire Under-
writers Association of the Northwest, and in 19 13 was the nominee
of almost every insurance interest in Illinois for the position of state
insurance superintendent.
In personal tastes he is active in tennis, and cultured in literature,
art and music. He was notably active early in 1918 in checkmating the
German Conspiracy to secure the rehabilitation of the enemy com-
panies through the proposed New York law which Governor Whitman
vetoed after it had been unanimously passed by the Legislature.
DEWEY, FRANKLIN S., secretary National Casualty Com-
pany, Detroit, Mich, is descended from New England ancestry and
was born at Cambridge, Mich., March 27, 18^5. He ¥^s educated
in the common schools and University 01 Michigan, from which he
graduated in 1869. His early life was spent on a farm, and after
completing his college course he taught school, and later entered
mercantile pursuits, engaging in the lumbering business in northern
Michigan. He was city superintendent of schools for ten years, and
a member of the board of education sixteen years, and of the Michigan
branch of the Sons of the American Revolution. He is active in church
affairs, and is also a frequent lecturer on astronomy, geology and allied
matters.
DE WITT, CARROLL L., Assistant United States Manager for
the General Fire Assurance Company, the Urbaine Fire Insurance
Company and the Eagle, Star & British Dominions Insurance Company
Limited, at New York was born at Findlay Ohio. He was educated at
Indianapolis and began his insurance career as a boy in the local agency
of C. E. Coffin & Co. of that city. In 1890 he assisted in opening the
resident secretary's office for Indiana of the North British and Mercan-
tile Insurance Company, and the year following connected himself with
the Glens Falls Insurance Company, serving this company for thirteen
years as a special agent in a number of states. In 1904 he was
appointed supervising general agent at Chicago of the Newark
Fire Insurance Company with jurisdiction over the Central Western
field. He was President of the Fire Underwriters Association of the
Northwest in 1908. Mr. De Witt was elected vice-president and
underwriting manager of the Cleveland National Fire Insurance Co.
in 1913, but resigned in December 1915, going with the General Agency
of Fred S. James & Co. as Agency Superintendent. He was appointed
to his present position in February 192 1. Mr. DeWitt is a close student
of the business and has delivered numerous lectures and addresses on
fire prevention and other educational phases of fire insurance before
insurance organizations and commercial and civic bodies.
506 Cyclopedia of Insurance
DEXTER, GEORGE TAPPEN, second vice-president of The
Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, was bom at Au8:u8ta«
Me., January 25, 1860, the son of a Baptist clergyman.^ His boyhood
was passed in his native state, where he acquired his preliminary
education. In 1884 he began his life insurance career as a solicitor
for the United States Life of New York, at Keene, N. H., and later
was made general agent of that company at Worcester, Mass. In
1886 he entered the service of the Mutual Life Insurance Company
of New York as superintendent of agencies for £. W. Peet, the Mutual
Life's manager at St. Paul, Minn., supervising the company's work
in Minnesota and Iowa, and in 1892 he was appointed superintendent
of the extensive general agency business of L. C. Lawton & Son,
managers for the Mutual Life in Ohio. In 1898 he was called to the
home office and intrusted with the work of reorganizing and directing
the company's department of Domestic Agencies, including the United
States and Canada. It was during his early administration that the
work of chaneing from general agents to salaried managers was
undertaken and carried to a successful issue. In 1906 he was made
second vice-president of the company, and at that time it was found
necessary to reorganize the entire domestic system of agencies and
to enlist and educate a new force of solicitors, owing to radical legisla-
tion in New York state, and the task was quickly accomplished under
Mr. Dexter's direction.
DICK, FREDERICK STEWART, member of the firm of Dick and
Simpson, Pacific Coast managers for the Connecticut Fire and West-
chester Fire Insurance Companies, San Francisco, Cal., is a native
of Massachusetts and was born in New Bedford, October i, 1880. He
was educated in the public schools of his native city, and be^an his
insurance career as ofhce boy in the San Francisco office of the Connec-
ticut Fire Insurance Company. He served an apprenticeship in the
different departments of the office; being chief clerk in 1907, and assist-
ant manager, under the late Benjamin J. Smith, in 191 7. He was
appointed as joint manager of the Pacific Coast Department of the
two companies, April i, 1920.
DICKINSON, HORACE N., vice-president of the Glens Falls
Insurance Company, Glens Falls, N. Y., was born in Belvidere, N. J.,
February 3, 1870. He received a public school education, and entered
the insurance business in 1896 as special agent of the American Fire
Insurance Company of Philadelphia in the middle department terri-
tory. Later he was appointed sp>ecial agent of the Fidelity Fire Insur-
ance Company of Maryland and the Philadelphia Underwriters, and
in 1903 became a sp>ecial agent of the Glens Falls Insurance Company.
He was appointed assistant secretary of the company in 1912, secretary
two years later, and was elected to his present position January i, 1920.
DISTLER, JOHN C, Jr., president of The Baltimore Amer-
ican Insurance Company, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., March 22,
1859. He removed to Baltimore, Md., early, and in the private
schools of that city he received his education. As a young man he
became interested in the mercantile and real estate business, and for
Biographical Sketches 507
many years devoted his entire time to these pursuits. In 1897, he
was appointed one of the receivers for, and elected president of the
Home Telephone and Telegraph Company of Baltimore, whose busi-
ness was discontinued in 1900. He was elected vice-president of
the German American Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore City in
1908, now The Baltimore American Insurance Company, which office
he held until his election to the presidency of that company on January
28, 19 1 8, succeeding the late Martin Meyerdirck.
DOLPH, JOHN, ex-president of the National Association of
Life Underwriters, was born in Ontario, Can., August 1%, 1859. Hb
early life was spent on a farm, and he received a public and high school
education, ana subsequently taught school for a number of years.
He was superintendent of the Clifton district for the Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company at Cincinnati until 1908, when he was appointed
superintendent of the Baltimore, Md., district, and was transferred
in May, 1009, to Washington, D. C. He was elected president of the
National Association of Life Underwriters at its Indianapolis meeting
in 1904, Address 412 Homer building, Washington, D. C.
DORNIN, GEORGE W., manager for the Springfield Fire
and Marine Insurance Company for the Pacific coast, is the son
of the late George D. Dornin, and was born in Grass Valley,
Nevada county, Cal., in December, 1854. After a term in the Uni-
versity of California he entered the mechanical department of the
Central Pacific Railroad. Three years later he joined the office
force of the Fireman's Fund, the elder Dornin then being its
secretary. He accompanied his father into the service of the Lion
Fire in 1881 as chief clerk, and on the dissolution of the alliance
between the National, Lion, and Imperial he was appointed assistant
manager for the National Fire, but resigned in 1906. Was appointed
manager of the Pacific Department of the Springfield in August,
1907, to fill the vacancy created by the death of the father the
previous month. He was elected president of the Fire Under-
writers' Association of the Pacific for 1901, and councilman-at-
large for the city of Oakland, Cal., for 1901-1902; was re-elected
to the latter office for the years 1903-1904, serving as president of
that body for two years.
DORNIN, JOHN C, assistant manager for the Pacific depart-
ment of the Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company of
Springfield, was born in North San Juan, Nevada county, Cal.,
July 10, 1865. He graduated from the College of* Mines, Univer-
sity of California, in 1889, and spent two seasons with the United
States Geodetic Survey on the coast of Alaska (before the Klon-
dike excitement), subsequently located in the new town of Everett,
on Puget Sound, as local insurance agent, then as special agent
covering Washington and Montana.
DOX, CHARLES EDWARD, manager of the London and
Lancashire Insurance Company, Ltd., of London, England, and of the
western department of the Orient Insurance Company, and manager
508 Cyclopedia of Insurancb
Safeguard Insurance Company of New York, manager of Law Union
and Rock Insurance Company, Ltd., of London, was born at Terre
Haute, Ind., December ii, 1861. He was educated in the common
schools and high school of that city, and after having engaged in
the wholesale and retail book business, he began his insurance career
with the Continental Insurance Company in the south; was next
employed by the Phenix of Brooklyn, and later was special agent
in the south for the Norwich Union. On the transfer of the control
of the Orient of Hartford to the London and Lancashire he was elected
secretary of the Orient, and soon after was appointed to his present
position.
DRAPIER, WILLIAM H., Jr., vice-president of the National
Surety Company, New York, was born November 14, 1869, in Indianap-
olis, Ind., where after leaving school in 1887, he was engaged in the
insurance business until 1907. In common with practically all of the
officers and department heads of the National Surety company, Mr.
Drapier literally rose from the ranks, having entered the employ of the
company as resident assistant secretary in 1899 after his return from a
year spent in the Spanish -American War. After serving as general
agent for Indiana for several years, including both claim adjusting and
organization work, he was given his present position.
DREW, ALFRED ADAMS, general a^ent of the Mutual Benefit
Life Insurance Company of Newark, in Chicago, 111., was born in St.
Louis, Mo., September 10, 1866. He received a public school educa-
tion, and began his business career in the general passenger office of
the Pennsylvania Railroad in St. Louis at the age of fifteen. He
remained in railroad service for fourteen years, filling many positions,
and finally resigning as chief clerk in the general passenger depart-
ment of the Texas and Pacific Railway to enter the life insurance
business; engaging in field work for the Fidelity Mutual Life and after
three years becoming general agent of the company in St. Louis. He
was elected assistant secretary of the Life Insurance Clearing Company,
but resigned the position and engaged with the Mutual Benefit Life
as a solicitor in St. Louis. Later he was appointed general agent of
the Prudential at Dayton, O., from whence he was soon after transferred
by the company to the home office to assume the duties of assistant
manager of the ordinary department, a position he filled for three years
and a half. On January i, 1903, he entered the service of the Mutual
Benefit as editor of The Pelican^ the company's paper, and was ap-
pointed superintendent of agencies on October 16, 1907. On June I,
1 9 19, he resigned to accept his present position.
DRYDEN, FORREST FAIRCHILD, only son of the late United
States Senator, John F. Dry den, founder of The Prudential and pioneer
of industrial insurance in America, was elected president of The Pru-
dential Insurance Company of America, to succeed his father, by the
board of directors of that company, on January 8, 19 12. Mr. Dryden's
election was a recognition by The Prudential board of directors of his
executive strength and ability, his tact and energy, his wide knowledge
of the company and its affairs, and of life insurance generally. Mr.
Biographical Sketches 509
Dryden was born at Bedford, Ohio, December 26, 1864, and studied at
Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. Entering the service of The Pru-
dential at the age of eighteen, he has had wide experience in the home
office and field work of the company, first as clerk, then field inspector
and superintendent, following which he was elected assistant secretary,
secretary, and to the several vice-presidencies of the company. Mr.
Dryden is a director of The Prudential Insurance Company of America,
the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey, the National Bank
of Commerce in New York, the South Jersey Gas, Electric and Trac-
tion Company, the Fidelity Union Trust Co., Newark, and other finan-
cial institutions. He was also elected to his father's place on the execu-
tive committee of the Life Insurance Presidents' Association and a
director and member of the executive committee of the United States
Casualty Company. Mr. Dryden has taken an active interest in the
national guard and holds the ran\c of lieutenant-colonel, having served
as chief commissary on the staff of Maior-General Wanser, New Jer-
sey. He is a director and member of the executive committee of the
American Insurance Company, Newark, (fire). Mr. Dryden holds
membership in the Bankers Club of America, the Metropolitan and
Recess Clubs of New York, and a number of New Jersey clubs and the
Chamber of Commerce of the state of New York, the Chamber of
Commerce of the United States and the New Jersey State Chamber of
Commerce. He is a life member of the Academy of Political Science
in the City of New York, the Washington Association of New Jersey,
and the New Jersey Historical Society. Besides being associated in
the work of the Civic Forum of New York, and the American Academy
of Political and Social Science of Philadelphia, he is one of the executive
committee of the Economic Club of New York. Mr. Dryden is a
supporter of the North Jersey Agricultural Society, and is interested
in social, civic, charitable and other organizations of prominence.
DUGAN, A. G., general agent of the western department for
the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, was born in Louisville,
March 14, 1861. He received a public school education, spending
his boyhood days on a farm, and at the age of eighteen entered
the fire insurance business with the Queen Insurance Company at
Louisville. Later he was appointed special agent in Kentucky and
Tennessee for the Springfield Fire and Marine, being later trans-
ferred to the Pacitic coast, and managed the company's Pacific
coast business until the department was discontinued. In 1895 he
was appointed special agent for Kentucky, West Virginia and
southern Ohio for the Hartford, a position he retained until 1903,
when he was appointed associate general agent for the Western
department of the Hartford as a member of the firm of Cofran &
Dugan, general agents, the firm name being changed to Dugan &
Carr, general agents, in 191 1.
DUNHAM, DANIEL HEATH, president of the Firemen's Insur-
ance Company of Newark, N. J., is a native of New Jersey and was
born of American parentage in Basking Ridge, November 20, 1849.
510 CvcLOPBDU OF Insubancb
He was educated in the public schools and business college, and after
a two years' experience in the drygoods business entered upon his
insurance career. He has been connected with the Firemen's for the
last fifty years, serving as secretary, vice-president, and for the last
twenty-five years as president of the company. He is actively iden-
tified with the savings bank interests, and with the Young Men's
Christian Association and other benevolent institutions of Newark.
In 19 16 he was elected president of the Mechanics Insurance Com-
pany and vice-president of the Girard Fire and Marine Insurance
Company, both of Philadelphia Pa., now controlled by the Firemen's
Insurance Company.
DUNHAM, FREDERIC G., attorney for the Association of
Life Insurance Presidents, New York,.N. Y., was born at Buffalo, N. Y.,
March 22, 1878. He attended the public schools of Buffalo, Cornell
University and the schools of law and political science of Columbia
University. Degrees: A.B. (Cornell, '02), A.M. and LL.B. (Columbia,
'05). He was admitted to the bar in June, 1904, and practiced law
in New York City until July, 1909, when he was appointed chief of
the Liquidation Bureau of the New York State Insurance Depart-
ment. In this position he had immediate charge of all proceedings
for the liquidation of insurance corporations under the statute provid-
ing for departmental liquidations. In February, 19 16, he resigned
from the Insurance I>epartment to accept his present i>osition; and,
during parts of 19 18 and 19 19 served with the American forces in
France as captain in the Army Service Corps.
DUNLOP, C. D., president and director of the Providence
Washington Insurance Company, Providence, R. I., was born in
Missouri and entered the insurance business in Denver, Colorado, in
. 1882. He was appointed manager of the mountain department of the
Providence Washington Insurance Company in 1891, and removed
to Chicago as manager of the western department in 1895. He was
elected vice-president in 1904 and president in 1922.
EATON, HENRY W., former manager in New York of the Liver-
pool and London and Globe Insurance Company, is a native of
London, England, and entered the service of that company in
1866. He represented it at Bristol, England, in 1876, as resident
secretary of the west of England branch, and came to New York
in 1878 as assistant manager of the New York branch under Mr.
Pulsford. Upon the retirement of that gentleman, in 1887, he be-
came resident manager. Mr. Eaton is an associate member of the
Institute of Actuaries of England. In 1897 he was elected presi-
dent of the National Board of Fire Underwriters of the United
States, and in iQii president of the New York Board of Fire
Underwriters. He was also in loii elected president of the Factory
Insurance Association. In 1887 Mr. Eaton became a citizen of the
L'nited States. He retired as manager of the Liverpool and London and
Globe, January i, 1919.
Biographical Sketches 511
EDDY, HENRY CLAY, former resident secretary of the western
department of the Commercial Union of London and Palatine of
London, is a native of Providence, R. L, where he was born May g,
1848. He received his higher education at the Highland Military
Academy, at Worcester, Mass. When sixteen years old he entered
the office of a local insurance agency at Providence, from which in
1867 he transferred his services to the Home Insurance Company of
New York as clerk. Following this, in 1874, Mr. Eddy became
special agent for the German-American and Phenix of New York,
and in 1883 he accepted the post at Chicago. Mr. Eddy was president
of the Fire Underwriters' Association of the northwest in 1890- '91,
and has been president of the Underwriters' Laboratories since 1902,
and is also president of the Underwriters' Salvage Company of Chicago.
Mr. Eddy retired as resident secretary at Chicago, January i, 192 1.
EDGERTON, HERBERT O., president, Boston Mutual Life
Insurance Company, was bom in Conway, Mass., March 24, 1862.
His education was obtained at the Montague High School and
Brimfield Academy. He was for several years cashier of the
Franklin County National Bank of Greenfield, Mass., and upon retir-
ing from that position he organized the Greenfield Life Association,
which later became the Atlantic Mutual Life Insurance Company.
This company reinsured its business in the Boston Mutual Life uisur-
ance Company in November, 1901. Mr. Edgerton was appointed
General Agent for this company for Massachusetts, with headquarters
at Springheld, Mass., and m 1904 was elected secretary of the com-
pany. He was later elected to the office of vice-president and treas-
urer, and in September, 19 10, he was elected president of the com-
pany, which office he now holds.
EDWARDS, CHARLES JEROME, manager for the Equitable
Life Assurance Society, New York, N. Y., was born of American
parentage in Wayne county, N. Y., May 8, 1866. He was educated
m the public schools, and be^n his business career as a telegraph
operator, and started his life insurance work in the agency field in
1886. He is active in business affairs outside of life insurance, being
a bank director, as well as a vice-president of the New York Plate Glass
Insurance Company and a director in other insurance companies,
the New York Title Company,- The Mechanics Bank, The Roosevelt
Savings Bank, The Morris Plan Co., The Brooklyn Warehouse Storage
Co., and vice-president of the Manhattan Bridge Railway. He is a
former commissioner of elections of Brooklyn and ex-president of the
Long Island Auto Club and is vice-president of the Aero Club of America
and president of the Brooklyn Club, and ex-president of the Rotary Club
of Brooklyn.
EDWARDS, GEORGE B., late president of the National Liberty
Insurance Company of America, was born in the United States and
educated partly in Germany and England. After eight years' business
education in a New York, China, and South American importing house,
Mr. Edwards entered, in 1874, ^^^ employ of the National Liberty In-
512 Cyclopedia of Insurance
surance Compan}^ as a clerk, and eradually advanced to the position
of special agent in the eastern field. After seventeen years' experi-
ence in the field he was promoted, in April, 1892, to the second vice-
presidency, and in 1897 to vice-president, and in 19 13 to the presidency
of the company, but retired in J uly, 1921 . Mr. Edwards died March 19,
1922.
ELLIS, CRAWFORD H., president of the Pan-American Life
Insurance Company, New Orleans, is of English descent and was
born in Sclma, Ala., August 26, 1873. He was educated in the public
schools of Selma and graduated from the business course of Kentucky
University, Lexington, in 1892. After completing his college course he
went to Central America, associating himself with Orr & Laubenheimer
Co., operating a line of steamers between Mobile and Nicaragua. He
continued in that country until late in 1897, when he was transferred
to Mobile to take charge of the corporation's business at that place.
In 1898 he became accountant for the Bluefields Steamship Corapiany
in New Orleans, later accepting a similar position with the United
Fruit Co., subsequently becoming manager of that company's entire
southern business. He is at present vice-president of the United Fruit
Co. He is a director in several banks, railroad and other corpora-
tions, and a member of several clubs and business and social organiza-
tions, a member of the Personal Staff of Governor R. G. Pleasant of
Louisiana.
ELLIS, H. W., assistant United States manager of the Phoenix
Assurance Company of London, England, was born in Brooklyn, New-
York, on March 8, 1884. After obtaining a high school education, he
was first employed in the accounting department of the Queen Insur-
ance Company of New York, where he remained for three years. During
the next seven years he was with the United States Branch of the
London Assurance Corporation, ending his service there as head of
the reinsurance department. To familiarize himself with field work,
he then accepted a position with the Continental Insurance Com-
pany of New York as inspector for New York City. Six months later
he was apix)inted by the same company special agent for western
New York State. In Octol)er, 19 14, he accepted the position of sp>ecial
agent covering the same territory for the Phoenix Assurance Company,
and in June of the following year he received the app>ointment of
general agent for the Eastern Department of that Company, the
position which he continued to hold until his appointment in the
summer of 1921 to his present position.
ENGLISH, JOEL L., vice-president of the iEtna Life Insurance
Company, is a native of Woodstock, Vt. In 1867 he entered the
Hartford office of the ^tna Life as clerk, and his entire business life
has been passed there. He was appointed secretary in February,
1872, and vice-president in February, 1905.
ENNIS, GRESHAM, vice-president of C. P. Stewart & Co.,
was born in New York City, August 15, 1879. He received his edu-
cation in the public schools of his native city and the college of the
Biographical Skbtchbs 513
City of New York. He acquired his early insurance experience in
the New York department of the Insurance Company of North America
under Manager Benoni Lockwood, as surveyor and special agent.
He was appointed general agent of the New Brunswick Fire Insur-
ance Company in 1909, and in 191 5 became assistant secretary of
the company. In 1916 he was elected secretary of the New Jersey
Insurance Company; vice-president in January, 19 19, and in March,
1918, was appointed fire manager for the United British Insurance
Company, Ltd., of London, Eng. He resigned as vice-president
of the New Jersey Insurance Company in September, 19 19.
EVANS, HENRY, chairman of the Board of the Continental In-
surance Company of New York, and the Fidelity-Phenix Insurance
Company, and American Eagle Fire Insurance Company, was born at
Houston, Tex., April 14, iS&o. Some time after the close of the war
he went to New York, where he was educated, finally leaving Colum-
bia College School of Mines to enter the service of the Continental in
March, 1878, as a junior clerk. For several years he worked at most
of the desks in the office connected with the agency department. He
succeeded the late Mr. Townsend as secretaiy of the agency department
May 10, 1888; was elected second vice-president, retaining the agency
department secretaryship in 1889, and vice-president January 14, 1892,
and president January 15, 1903, after a service of nearly twenty-
five years. In March, 1904, he assumed the chairmanship of the Com-
mittee of Twenty on congested districts of cities of the National Board
of Fire Underwriters. In June, 1906, he formed the Fidelity Fire
Insurance Company of which he was president and a director. In
December, 1909, he was requested by the directors to take control
of the Phenix Insurance Company of Brooklyn, which company was
in trouble because of irregularities in its administration, and succeeded
in saving the Phenix's agency plant. On March i, 19 10, the company
was merged with the Fidelity Fire Insurance Company, under the
title of the Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance Company, and Mr. Evans
was elected president of the merged company. In 1915 he formed and
became president of the American Eagle Insurance Company rein-
corporated to take over the business of the Fidelity Underwriters.
FACKLER, DAVID PARKS, (M.A., F.A.S.), consulting actuary,
was born in Virginia, April 4th, 1841, and is a great-grandson of a
Revolutionary officer of that surname. He completed his
collegiate course in 1859, taking the gold medal for mathe-
matics, and entered the office of the Mutual Life of New York, where
he remained until 1865, when he resigned, and has since done business
solely as an independent actuary. He suggested the principle on which
the contribution dividend plan was based, and aided Mr. Sheppard
Homans in its application. He served as Organizing Secretary for the
Actuarial Society of America in 1889, and was its President from
1891 to 1893. Mr. Fackler has written much on insurance subjects
for the insurance press and the daily papers. In 1892 he began predict-
ing that the deplorable conditions in life insurance would provoke
drastic legislation, and urged preventive measures, which, however.
514 Cyclopedia of Insurance
were not adopted. In 1898 he succeeded Mr. Homans as Corresponding
Member of the Institute of Actuaries of London. In 1907 he took into
partnership his son, Edward Bathurst Fackler, F.A.S., and in 19 19 also
William Breiby, F.A.S., under the firm name of Fackler & Fackler.
FACKLER. EDWARD BATHURST (A.B.. LL.B., F.A.S.)
consulting actuary, was bom in New York City October 13th, 1879.
He was graduated A.B. at Yale in 1900, and shortly thereafter entered
the office of his father, David Parks Fackler; he became a Fellow of
the Actuarial Society of America in 1906. He was admitted to the New
York Bar in 1905. In 1907, he became a partner with his father in the
firm of Fackler & Fackler, Consulting; Actuaries. For several years he
has had charge, on behalf of certam State Insurance Departments,
of the examinations of some of the largest life insurance companies. He
is the author of "Notes on Life Insurance", now in its second edition.
FALCONER, WALTER G., was bom and educated in Scotland;
served under articles for five years as an apprentice-at-law; is a lawyer,
and has had twentv-two years' experience in the insurance business. In
1 901 became head of the legal and claim department of the General
Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Corporation; in 1906 became joint
manager for Canada of the General Accident Assurance Company of
Canada and in 1910 he became manager for Australasia of the General
Accident at Sydney. In 191 3 was sent to the United States Branch of
the General Accident, Fire and Life Assurance Corporation; ih 1914,
joined the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company, and, as Assist-
ant Secretary, had charge over the Liability and Compensation Under-
writing and Claim Departments until October, 1919, when he was
appointed President and Manager of the Norwich Union Indemnity
Company of New York. In April 1922 he was also appointed president
and general manager of the Phoenix Indemnity Company of New York.
FALVEY, T. J., president of the Massachusetts Bonding and In-
surance Company was born January 17, 1866, in Lebanon, Conn.
For ten years he was manager of the New England Department of
the United States F'idelity and Guaranty Company and in 1907 he organ-
ized the Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company of which he
has been president continuously. He is also a director of the Federal
Trust Company of Boston and of the Dorchester Mutual Fire In-
surance Company.
FARQUHAR, THOMAS L., vice-president and secretary of the
Newark Fire Insurance Company, Newark, N. J., was bom in Philadel-
phia in 1875, and received his education in York, Pa. He began his in-
surance career in 1895 in the office of the Spring Garden In-
surance Company, where he remained six (6) years, and then accepted
a position with the London Assurance Corporation as daily repoirt
examiner. He remained three years with the latter company when
he was appointed special agent of the Newark Fire for New York and
Pennsylvania. He was appointed agency superintendent in March,
191 1, and later in the same year was elected secretary and in 1920 was
elected vice-president of the company.
Biographical Sketches 515
FERCHAUD, HENRY, deputy assistant manager of the southern
department of the Liverpool and London and Globe insurance company,
New Orleans, La., was born on his father's sugar plantation in St. James
Parish, Louisiana, in 1888. He began his insurance career in the com-
pany's southern department offices in 1904, and after a varied service in
the office was appointed special agent for Louisiana in 19 14. He was
later transferred to the southwest Tejcas field, and in 191 7 to the Ark-
ansas field as special agent. He returned to the department offices in
New Orleans in 191 7 as chief clerk, and in 1920 was appointed manager
of the company's farm department. He was appointed to his present
position January i, 1922.
FIELD, EDWARD D., second vice-president, supervising under-
writing, of the National Life Insurance Company of Montpelier, Vt.,
was born at Rutland, Vt., January 13, 1879. He was educated in the
public schools of Rutland and Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and
has spent his entire business life in life insurance. He was connected
with the actuarial department of the National Life from 1897 to 1901
later being appointed secretary to the president, a position he held
until appointed superintendent of agencies in 191 1. He was elected a
second vice-president of the company in 1922. He was a member of the
board of School Commissioners of Montpelier from 191 1 to 1920; a
member of the Vermont House of Representatives, 1921-1922 and a
member of the Executive Committee of the Association of Life Agency
Officers, 1920- 1923.
FISKE, HALEY, President of the Metropolitan Life Insur-
ance Company of New York, was born at New Brunswick, N. J.,
March 18, 1852. He was prepared at that place for Rutgers Col-
lege, which he entered in 1867, and from which he was graduated in
1 87 1, at the age of nineteen years, and holds the degrees of A.B.,
A.M., and LL.D., from the College. His first vocation after gradua-
tion was journalism, which he abandoned for the law. He studied in
the office of Arnoux, Ritch & Woodford, with whom he subsequently
became a partner. He practiced his profession, appearing in many
important cases, until his election in 1891 to the vice-presidency of
the Metropolitan Life, of which his firm had been counsel; having
special charge himself of the company's law business. His connection
with the Company thus dates back to 1873. Mr. Fiske has devoted
himself assiduously to the interests of this great and beneficial institu-
tion. On the death of President Hegeman he was elected president in
April, 19 19. He is a director of the Metropolitan Bank, the Metropoli-
tan Trust Company, Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway Company,
The National Surety Company and is a Trustee of Rutgers and St.
Stephen's Colleges, member of the Metropolitan, Grolier, and Churfch
Clubs of New York, Somerset Hills Country Club and Cavendish Club
of London.
FLEMING, T. ALFRED, in charge of the conservation and fire
prevention work of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, New
York, N. Y., is a native of Canada and was born in Owen Sound,
Ontario. He obtained his early education in the public schools and
516 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Collegiate Institute of Owen Sound, later completing his studies in
Toronto, Canada and Hiram College, Ohio. In 1902, he moved to
Cleveland, Ohio, where he was pastor of the Miles Avenue Christian
Church for 10 years. He served as secretary of the Department of
Public Welfare of the City of Cleveland for two years. In 1916 he was
elected to the Ohio legislature, as a representative from the city of
Cleveland and while there secured the passage of the Anti-discrimina-
tion Law and other important legislation for that state. Upon the out-
break of the War, he was requested by Governor James M. Cox to
assume the duties of State Fire Marshal for Ohio, a position he filled
with signal ability and success. He was elected President of the Fire
Marshals' Association of North America in 1918, and in 19 19 accepted
a position with the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
FLYNN, BENEDICT DEVINE, secretary of The Travelers In-
surance Company, Hartford, was born in Hartford, July 6, 1880, and
received his education in the public schools, and at Trinity College.
On leaving college he entered the service of The Travelers, was ap-
pointed assistant actuary in 1907, and actuary of the casualty depart-
ments in 191 1. He was elected assistant secretary in January 1913 and
to his present position in January, 1922. In June, 191 3, he received
the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Trinity College. He is a
Fellow of the Actuarial Society of America, a Fellow and an ex-president
of the Casualty Actuarial and Statistical Society of America, and a
member of the Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain.
FOARD, HENRY G., assistant secretary of The Home Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., was born in Wilmington, N. C. He
began his insurance career in the office of the Carolina Insurance Com-
pany of Wilmington, N. C, and represented that company as special
agent for a number of years. He entered the services of The Home
in 19 13 as assistant to the company's general agent at Charlotte,
N. C, and was appointed to his present position in 1921.
FOLGER, HERBERT, assistant general agent of the Great
American, and Phoenix of Hartford for the Pacific coast at San Fran-
cisco, is the son of Nantucket parents, but was born at San Fran-
cisco, Cal., December 5, 1858. He was educated in that city and
in 1875 entered a large shipping house there. He continued in mer-
cantile pursuits, principally in connection with the New Zealand
trade, until July, 1888, when he was appointed manager of the New
Zealand Insurance Company for the Pacific northwest, with head-
quarters at Portland. In November, 1896, Mr. Folger resigned his
position of manager to become assistant manager of the Aachen and
Munich Fire in San Francisco, and in May, 1898, was appointed
manager of the Phoenix upon the resignation of Mr. Arthur E. MagiU.
He was appointed manager for the New Hampshire Fire in March,
1900. In 1 90 1 he was appointed assistant general agent for the
German-American, German Alliance, Phoenix of Hartford, and New
Hampshire Fire when the department offices of these companies were
consolidated under the management of George H. Tyson. Mr. Folger
Biographical Sketches 517
has taken an active part in the affairs of the Fire Underwriters
Association of the Pacific, and in February, 1896, was elected its
president; is historian of the Society of Mayflower Decendants in
state of California, and a member of the Faculty Qub of the
University of California.
FORBUSH, GAYLE T., associate manager of the United States
branch of the Royal Exchange Assurance, 83 Maiden Lane, New
York, N. Y., is a native of Massachusetts, and was born at Natick,
March 31, 1870. He was educated in the public schools of his native
city and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; graduating from
the course in chemical engineering in 1892. He is a son of the late
James M. Forbush, a well-known New England underwriter, and
acquired his earlier insurance experience in a local agency in Natick.
He was appointed special ap^ent for the Great American Insurance
Company in 1893, and remamed in the service of the company until
1905, when he was appointed general agent for the Royal Exchan^
Assurance, and was appointed assistant manager of the company m
1 919. He is a former president of the New England Insurance Exchange
and 'of the Insurance Library Association of Boston.
FORREST, ALFRED EDGAR, Vice-president and secretary of
the North American Accident Insurance Company, Chicago, was
born in Northumberland county, Can., April 22, 1863, of Scotch and
English parentage. He received a common and high school educa-
tion. His boyhood days were spent on a farm, and at the age of twenty
he entered the insurance business. He is the author of the present
Casualty Law of Illinois, passed in 1899, organized and is the active
executive head of the North American Accident Insurance Company
of Chicago, and is also president of the Health and Accident Under-
writers Conference.
FOSTER, ALFRED DWIGHT, president New England Mutual
Life Company of Boston, Mass., was born in Worcester, Mass., April
27, 1852; (A.B., Harvard, 1873; LL.B., Boston University, 1875).
Practiced law; appointed company counsel, succeeding his father,
Judge Dwight Foster; and was elected vice-president m 1893, and
president in 1908.
FOWLER, EDGAR C, began his business career in life insurance,
and after receiving a public school education accepted a position in
the office of the Hartford Life Insurance Company in 1889. He was
born in Hartford, Conn., April 16, 1873. The field offering larger op-
portunity to him than office work he became a solicitor in 1895, and
in 1899 he entered the service of the Connecticut General Life Insur-
ance Company as home office special agent. Four years later the
company appointed him general agent for western New York with
headquarters at Buffalo. He has been an officer of the Buffalo Asso-
ciation of Life Underwriters and active in its affairs, and was also a
member of the committee representing the Life Underwriters Asso-
ciations of New York state before the Armstrong investigating com-
mittee. He was elected superintendent of agencies of the State Mu-
518 Cyclopedia op Insukahcb
tual Life Assurance Company of Worcester, Mass., in November,
1908, and resigned in 19 16 to become general agent of the New Eng-
land Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston, Mass., for the state
of Illinois, with headquarters in Chicago. President, Life Underwriters
Association of Chicago, 1917-1918.
FRANKEL, LEE K., third vice-president of the Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company, was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., August 13,
1867. He was educated in the public schools and Rugby Academy,
and the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1887,
and engaged in the practice of chemistry. He was appointed man-
ager of the industrial department of Metropolitan Life in 1909, and
elected assistant secretary in March, 19 10. Manager of the United
Hebrew Charities, was appointed by the Russell Sage Foundation
to study workingmen's insurance in Europe, and was president of
The American Public Health Association, 1918-1919; Commissioner
of State Board of Charities 191 8; Vice-chairman of the National
Health Council 1920.
FRELINGHUYSEN, FREDERICK, president of the Mutual
Benefit Life Insurance Compaiw, is a native of Newark, N. J., where
he was born in 1840, and is the son of Frederick T. Frelinghuysen,
secretary of state of the United States in President Arthur's cabinet
He was graduated from Rutgers College, N. J., in 1868, and practiced
law in Newark until elected president of the Howard Savings Institu-
tion of Newark in 1887, and has been prominently connected with large
financial affairs in New Jersey. Mr. Frelinghuysen became a direc-
tor of the Mutual Benefit Life in 1890, and was elected president on
the resignation of Amzi Dodd in 1902.
FRENCH, GEORGE A., secretary of the New Hampshire Fire
Insurance Company of Manchester, N. H., is a son of the late John C.
French, founder and for some years president of the company. He
was born in Pittsfield, N. H., and entered the employ of the New
Hampshire Fire Insurance Company in 1889 and has served the com-
pany in different departments at the Home Office, as well as in the
field. For twelve years he was Special Agent of the company in Eastern
Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware, and was elected assistant
secretary in 191 5, and advanced to the position of secretary in 1920.
FRICKE, WILLIAM A., M.D., ex-commissioner of insurance
of Wisconsin, was born in the City of New York, May 15, 1857. He
had a college education and is a graduate in medicine, and has also prac-
ticed law, and is a Fellow of the American Institute of Actuaries and
a Fellow of the American Association of . Public Accountants. Dr.
Fricke was elected insurance commissioner in January, 1895, &>^^ ^^^
elected in 1896, and was appointed by the legislature of Wisconsin,
in 1895, chairman of the commission to revise the insurance laws of
the state. In October, 1898, a few months before the conclusion of
his term of office as insurance commissioner, he resigned to accept
the New V^ork metropolitan general agency of the Union Central
Biographical Skbtches 519
Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati. As a result of the National
Convention of Insurance Commissioners held in Milwaukee in Sep-
tember, 1898, which was arranged by, and of which he was vice-presi-
dent, Dr. Fricke early in 1899 issued " Insurance: a Text-book,'' being
a compilation of the essays delivered at 'the convention. He has
also written and delivered many addresses on correct methods in life
insurance and supervision; some of which favorable mention has
been made are: The Limitations of Assessment Life Insurance,"
"There Is but One System of Life Insurance," "The Discretionary
Powers of an Insurance Commissioner," and " Success in the Life
Insurance Field." In 1902 he wrote an extensive treatise on " The
Law of Distribution of Surplus of Life Insurance Companies," which
was widely discussed. At the National Convention of Insurance
Commissioners in 1899 the commissioners elected^ him an honorary
member. He was president of the Wisconsin Society of New York,
190-1003. He resigned the New York general agency of the Union
Central Life in 1905, and was engaged as counsel before the Wisconsin
Legislative Insurance Committee in 1906 and 1907, and in 1909 was
elected vice-president and general manager of the Great Northern
Life Insurance Company of Wausau, Wis., but resigned in 1918.
FRIZZELL, CHARLES F., vice-president and general manager of
the Indemnity Insurance Company of North America, Philadelphia, Pa.,
was born in Nashville, Tenn., m 1869. Mr. Frizzel began his insurance
career as a local agent in Neishville Tenn., where he conducted an
agency for twelve years. Later he was a field man in the Tennessee
field representing as special agent successively the Niagara Fire and
the Royal Insurance Companies. In 191 1 he was a^ppomted resident
assistant secretary of the Royal Indemnity Company at Atlanta,
later being called to the home office in New York as assistant to the
general manager, subsequently being elected vice-president of the
company. He was elected president of the Newark Fire Insurance
Company in January, 1920, but later resigned to become general
manager of the Indemnity Insurance Companv of North America,
organized by the Insurance Company of North America.
FULTON, G. R., assistant secretary of the Automobile Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn., was bom in Latrobe, Westmoreland
County, Pa., May 22, 1881, and was educated in the public schools of
that city. He began his insurance career in a local agency in Latrobe,
and in 1905 was employed as an inspector in Allegheny County, Pa.
Later he entered the service of the Royal Exchange Assurance as
special agent in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and in 19 17 became
special agent for the Automobile Insurance Company for the same
territory, with headquarters in Pittsburgh. He was later called to
the home office as executive special agent, and was appointed to his
present position in February, 1920.
GALLAGHER, THOMAS E., former general agent of the western
department of the JEtm, Insurance Company, Chicago, was born at
Dansville, N. Y., July 31, 1848. He was educated in the common
schools, and began his business career in mercantile pursuits. He
520 Cyclopedia of Insurance
was a local agent at Elmira, N. Y., in the early eighties, and in
1886 became special agent for New York state for the Washington
Fire and Marine Insurance Company. Two years later he was ap-
pointed special agent for the Continental in New York state and
subsequently general agent. In 1894 he was appointed special
agent for the i^tna Insurance Company in New York state, and
in 1897 he became associated with N. E. Keeler as general agent
for the western department of the ^^tna, with headquarters at
Cincinnati, Ohio. He was elected president of the Fire Under-
writers Association of the Northwest at the meeting in IQ04, and
was president of the Underwriters Association of New York
state in 1891-92, and vice-president of the Western Union in
1906-07. Januar>' i, 1908, he succeeded Keeler & Gallagher as
general agent, western branch, MtnsL Insurance Company, which
was on June i, 1908, removed to Chicago. On January i, iqii,
upon the retirement of W. H. Wyman, the Northwestern Branch
was merged with the Western Branch, all under the charge of
Mr. Gallagher. He was president of the Western Factory Insurance
Association, 1915 and 1916: and president of the Western Automo-
bile Conference in 191 4. He resigned as general agent of the Aetna,
May I, 1920.
GAMMONS, CHARLES W., life underwriter, was born at Co-
hasset, Mass., in 1865. He was educated in the public schools and
is a graduate of the English High School, Boston. In 1883 he entered
the service of James T. Phelps, general agent for Boston of the National
Life of Montpelier, as a clerk. He was admitted on January i, 1897,
to partnership with Mr. Phelps and J. Howard Edwards, under the
firm name of James T. Phelps & Co., state agents of the National Life.
He has been a member of the executive committee of the Boston Life
Underwriters Association for several years, was vice-president in 1899,
and president in 1900, and is president of the Cohasset Savings
Bank, a director of the United States Trust Company of Boston, and
a director of the National Life Insurance Company of Montpelier, Vt.
GANSE, FRANKLIN W., former agency vice-president of The
Columbian National Life Insurance Company of Boston, is a native
of New York City, where he was born May 31, 1859. He was edu-
cated in the New York public schools, St. Louis high school, and St.
Louis law school, and engaged in the practice of law in Chicago. He
was Chicago manager and supervisor of the central department of the
Columbian National Life when appointed vice-president in 1905. He
resigned office December 31, 19 10, to become general agent for the
company for eastern Massachusetts with headquarters in Boston. He
was a regular four-minute man, and active as a worker and speaker
in the Liberty Loan, Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. campaigns during the
war. Was also chairman of the War Savings Stamp Committee of the
Boston Chamber of Commerce which was instrumental in the sale of
$12,000,000 of War Savings Stamps. Now (1922) president of the
Boston Life Underwriters Association and chairman of the executive
Biographical Sketches 521
committee of the National Association. Has lectured and published
books on inheritance tax life insurance and is a frequent lecturer on
other phases of life insurance work.
GARDNER, WILLIAM J., manapjer and attorney of the Pacific
Coast Branch, San Francisco, California, of The Ocean Accident and
Guarantee Corporation, Limited, of London, Eng., is a native of Wis-
consin, where he was born of American parentage, August 14, 1869.
He was educated in the public and high schools and studied law. He
began his insurance career with the Fidelity and Casualty Company
in Chicago in 1898, and three years later was appointed resident man-
ager at Chicago for the New Amsterdam Casualty Company. In
1904 he received the appointment of manager of the western de|>art-
ment of the ittna Life with headquarters at San Francisco, and re-
tained that position until 1906, when he was appointed resident sec-
retary of the accident and liability department of the ^tna Life in
New York City, and resigned January i, 19 10, to become vice-president
and general manager of the Commercial Casualty Company of New-
ark, N. J., and resigned January i, 1912, to accept the position of
assistant United States manager of the Ocean Accident and Guarantee
Corporation, Limited, and became United States manager and attor-
ney January i, 19 14, and received his present appointment January i,
1918.
GASTON, GEORGE H., second vice-president of the Metro-
politan Life Insurance Company of New York, was born at Newark,
N. J., April II, 1858. After a public school education he entered,
at the age of sixteen, the service of the Prudential of Newark, where
he learned the industrial system of life insurance. He became iden-
tified with the Metropolitan Life as office clerk in 1879, was promoted
to head clerk, was elected secretary in January, 1891, was elected a
director at the annual meeting of the stockholders, April 12, 1892, and
at the next regular meeting of the board of directors on April 26, 1892,
was elected second vice-president. He was then thirty-four years
old. Holding the offices of secretary and second vice-president until
May 17, 1894, he then resigned the secretaryship, and has since con-
tinued as second vice-president.
GATY, THEODORE E., vice-president and secretary of the
Fidelity and Casualty Company, of New York, was born in St. Louis,
Mo., March 9, 1861. He received his higher education at Washington
University in his native city, specializing as mining engineer, in the
active work of which he was subsequently engaged for ten years prev-
ious to 1893, when he received the appointment of Inspector of Mines
for the old Union Casualty Company, of St. Louis. A year later (1894)
he was elected assistant general superintendent of that company, and
in June, 1898, he became its general manager. The next year he
entered the service of the Fidelity and Casualty Company as super-
intendent of its liability department, the position which he continued
to hold until 1911 (twelve years) when he was elected secretary of the
company. In April, 19 16, the additional honor and accompanying
522 Cyclopedia or Insuhancb
responsibility of vice-president of the company was added, his present
title being vice-president and secretary. Mr. Gaty is an authority
on workmen's compensation matters. He was chairman of the Work-
men's Compensation Service Bureau from 1912 to 1914, and he is still
a member of some of its important committees. He has also held
the office of chairman of the Workmen's Compensation Reinsurance
and Inspection Bureau since its organization in 1912, and he is still
its chairman.
GENTRY, EDGAR T., manager of the southern department of
the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, Atlanta, Ga., was bom in
Montgomery County, (ja., July 14, 1874, and was educated in the
Eastman, Ga., high school, later completing a university course. He
was engaged in the local agency field from 1893 to 1903, later represent-
ing the Continental Insurance Company as special agent, and in 1909
entered the service of the Fireman's Fund as assistant manager. He
was appointed to his present position in 1914. He was elected presi-
dent of the South Eastern Underwriters in 19 19, and is president of the
Southern Adjustment Bureau.
GILBERT, CHARLES E., secretary of the iEtna Life Insurance
Company, is a native of Wallingford, Conn. He entered the office of
the %tna Life in August, 1868, and has served as bookkeeper, cashier,
assistant secretary and secretary, having been elected to the last-
named office in February, 1905.
GILBERT, GEORGE A., resident manager for the Employers*
Liability Assurance Corporation at Chicago, 111., is a native of Illi-
nois and was born of American parentage in Clark county, April 24,
1859. He received a common school education and entered what is
now De Pauw University, but did not complete the course, and entered
upon his insurance career in a local office at Mat toon, 111., in March,
1879. Later in the same year he became a special agent of the Trav-
elers Insurance Company, and remained with that company until
appointed to his present position June I, 1887. He is an ex-president
of the National Association of Casualty and Surety Agents and a
director of the National Life Insurance Company of the United States
of America, Chicago.
GILLILAND, ADAM, assistant general agent of the Pacific
coast department of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, San
Francisco, Cal., is a native of Canada, and was born in Toronto, July
26, 1858. He was educated in the public and high schools of Toronto,
and began his insurance career in the Pacific coast dep>artment of
the Hartford Fire in 1875, serving in various capacities from clerk,
city manager and general adjuster to his present position.
GIRARDIX, JULES, Chicago, III., general agent of the Phoe-
nix Mutual Life Insurance Company, is of French descent and was bom
in Galveston, Tex., June 6, 1855. He received a common school and
collegiate education, and began his business career in fire insurance,
later engaging in life insurance, and in October, 1890, was appointed
Biographical Skbtchbs 523
manager for the above named company. He was president of the Life
Underwriters Association of Chicago in 1910 and 1911, also 1919-20
resigning the managership in 1919 to eng^age in the work of selling life
insurance, and is active in association affairs both local and national.
GLADWIN, ELLIS W., first vice-president of the Home Life
Insurance Company of New York, was born in 1858 at Middletown,
Conn., and was educated at the Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn,
and in Europe. He was engaged in the banking and brokerage busi-
ness in Wall Street from 1879 to 1892, being a member of the firm
of Gladwin & Co., members of the New York Stock Exchange. He
was appointed secretary of the Home Life in 1892 and vice-president
and secretary in 1905, and first vice-president in 1919.
GLAZIER, DANIEL J., secretary and treasurer of the Hart-
ford Fire Insurance Company, was born in Hartford, Conn., Jan-
uary 20, 1865. He received a public school education, and began
his business career in the office of the Phoenix Insurance Company.
He was secretary of the Schuyler Electric Company, of Middletown
for several years, and later entered the employ of the Hartford Fire.
He was elected to his present position in 19 10.
GODDARD, CHRISTOPHER M., secretary and treasurer of
the New England Insurance Exchange, was born at Claremont,
N. H., April 16, 1856, and was educated at the public schools of that
place and the Episcopal Academy of Cheshire, Conn. He was grad-
uated from the Chandler Scientific School of Dartmouth College,
second in his class, in 1877. For three years he was instructor of
the higher mathematics and natural science at the Episcopal
Academy, of which he had been a student, and four years he was
a clerk in the banking house of Hatch & Foote in New York City.
In the year 1890 he accepted the position of electrical inspector
for the New England Insurance Exchange. The following year he
was appointed secretary of the organization, with the general super-
vision of its electrical department. Mr. Goddard was the originator
of the movement which resulted in the organization of the Under-
writers' National Electric Association, and was its secretary until it was
merged with the National Fire Protection Association. He was also a
member of the consulting engineers of the National Board of Fire
Underwriters, and has served as president of the National Fire Pro-
tection Association, and is a member of the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers.
GOODVyiN, BENJAMIN, Pacific Coast manager for several
companies with headquarters in San Francisco, has been activ^ely iden-
tified with insurance business on the Pacific Coast for a number of years,
beginning his insurance experience as a local agent. Later he became a
special agent, and in 1898 became co-manager as a member of the firm
of Christensen, Edwards & Goodwin, which was succeeded in 1907 by
the firm of Christensen & Goodwin. The firm was dissolved January 1,
1 91 8 and Mr. Goodwin became sole manager of the Pacific Coast
524 Cyclopedia of Insurance
department of the American Central Insurance Company of St. Louis,
St. Paul Fire and Marine of St. Paul, and Lloyd's Plate Glass Insurance
Company, New York; The Royal Exchange Assurance and London
and Scottish Assurance Corporation, Ltd.
GOODWIN, WARREN F., of Hall & Henshaw, was born at
Boston, Mass., in 1857. He graduated from the Brooklyn Polytech-
nic Institute in 1873, and at once engaged in the fire insurance busi-
ness, entering the New York office of the London Assurance, then
managed by Frame, Hare & Lockwood. He remained there till
October, 1882, when Henry H. Hall, United States manager of the
Northern of London, offered him a position in the agency depart-
ment, which he accepted; January i, 1887 he was appointed man-
ager of the central department, with headquarters at Cincinnati. His
territory included the states of Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia. Ken-
tucky, Tennessee and Arkansas. This position he retained until
July I, 1893, when the central and northwestern departments were
consolidated into the western department, with headquarters at Chi-
cago. Mr. Goodwin and W. D. Crooke were appointed associate
managers. In March, 1894, the Union of London established a
western department at Chicago, to be managed by Mr. Goodwin in
association with Hall & Henshaw, the United States managers at
New York. In 1901 the western department was consolidated with
the general office at New York, and Mr. Goodwin removed to that
city. He is a member of the firm of Hall & Henshaw.
GORE, JOHN K., vice-president and actuary of the Prudential
Insurance Company, Newark, N. J., was born in Newark of American
parentage, February 3, 1864. He was educated in the public schools
of Newark and in Columbia University, from which he graduated in
1883. He later engaged in teaching and was principal of a scientific
preparatory school. He entered the service of the Prudential in 1891,
and was appointed assistant actuary in 1894, and actuary in 1897.
He was elected a director of the company in 1907, and vice-president and
actuary in 19 1 2. He was a school commissioner of Newark. He is a
Fellow of the Actuarial Society of America, and was elected president
of the Society in 1908.
GORHAM, CHARLES N., assistant manager Western depart-
ment of the American Insurance Company of Newark, Rockford,
111., was born on a farm in Winnebago county. 111., of American parent-
age, July I, 1867. He received a common school education and began
his insurance career as office boy with the Forest City Insurance
Company of Rockford. After a brief experience as an insurance can-
vasser and a four years' local agency experience he became s|:>ecial
agent and adjuster for the Rockford Insurance Company, subsequently
being appointed Indiana state agent for the company for w^hich he is
now assistant western department manager. He was president of the
Indiana Field Club and was elected vice-president of the Fire Under-
writers Association of the Northwest in 1914.
Biographical Sketches 525
GRAHAM WILLIAM J., second vice-president of the Equitable
Life Assurance Society, New York, N. Y., was born in Jefferson County,
Ky., September 23, 1876. He is a graduate of St. Xavier College,
Kentucky and St. Francis Xavier College, New York, and began his
insurance career in 1895 as actuary with the Sun Insuranc^ Company
of America. He entered the service of the Metropolitan Life in 1902,
and three years later was elected vice-president and a director of the
Northwestern National Life. Later he was engaged as a consulting
actuary and in 191 1 entered the services of the Equitable Life Assurance
Society as western superintendent of agencies; subsequently becom-
ing superintendent of the Group Insurance DejJartment and in 1920
was appointed to his present position. He is a Fellow of the Actuarial
Society of America, and a member of several American and foreign
mathematical societies.
GRAY, EDWARD, vice-president of the Prudential Insurance
Company of America, was born in England, February 16, 186 1, and
received a private school education. He entered the service of The
Prudential in April, 1883, and served the company in various capacities
in office and field. He was elected secretary in 1903 and to his present
position in October, 19 13.
GRAY, HENRY WEEDON, Jr., vice-president of the Orient,
and agency secretary of the London and Lancashire Fire Insur-
ance Company, Hartford, Conn., was born in Louisville, Ky., of
American parentage, May 25, 1864. He was educated in private schools
and at Burlington College, and began his business life in fire insurance.
He "was elected secretary of the Orient Insurance Company in 1906,
and made its vice-president as well in 1909. In April, 19 15. was elected
vice-president and secretary also of Safeguard Insurance Company of
New York.
GREENE, JACOB HUMPHREY, secretary of the Con-
necticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, was born in Pittsfield,
Mass., June 10, 1868. He was educated in the Hartford public schools,
St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H., and Trinity College, which he left
after two years in 1889. He has been in the employ successively of
the Michigan Central Railroad, Hartford Courant, and in the real es-
tate business. He is an ex-member of the Hartford Common Council.
GROVER, OLIVER F., assistant secretary of the Continental
insurance company. New York, N. Y., was born in Middletown,
Conn., April 20, 1875, and after a grammar and high school education,
began his insurance career in the office of the Hartford Fire Insurance
Company in 1893. Later he became an examiner for the company
and was for a time attached to company's southern department offices in
Atlanta. He entered the service of the Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance
Company in 19 10 as examiner for several southern states, and six years
later was placed in charge of the American Eagle Fire Insurance
Company's southern department. He was appointed agency superin-
tendent for the Continental in 19 1 8, and later in the same year pro-
moted to his present position.
526 Cyclopedia of Insurance
GUILE, JOHN J., former resident manager for the United States of
the Sun Insurance Office of London, was bom in Liverpool, Eng-
land, May 5, 1854, residing in that city until his removal to London
in 1882. January, 1872, he became a clerk in the office of the Royal
Insurance 'Company, where he remained until 1882, and then trans-
ferred his services to the Sun. In May, 1885, Mr. Guile was ap-
pointed secretary of the United States branch of the Sun; in May,
1886, he was made assistant manager, and in December of the same
year manager, which position he occiupied until 1919 when he resigned
and retired from active business.
GUSTETTER, FREDERICK C, assistant secretary Phoenix
Fire Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio, September 14, 1866. He received a public school education, and
began his insurance career September 11, 1882 in the Cincinnati office of
the Phoenix under H. M. Magill. He served the company in the field
and was for several years special agent in the Minnesota and North
Dakota fields, later becoming chief clerk in the western department
offices. He was appointed superintendent of agencies in the western
department in September, 19 13, and was elected to his present position
in January, 19 16. He was also appointed Agency Superintendent in
September, 1913, and elected assistant secretary in February, 19 19, of
the Equitable Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Providence,
Rhode Island.
HAID, PAUL L., secretary of the Continental, Fidel it y-Phenix
and American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies, New York, N. Y.,
was born in Newcastle, Pa., September 25, 1887, and was educated in
the public schools and Belmont College, Belmont, N. C. He b^[an
his insurance career in a local agency m Pittsburgh, Pa. in 1904, and
after an extended local agency experience, graduated into the special
agency field, being appointed special agent in Western Pennsylvania
and West Virginia for the Girard Fire and Marine Insurance Company
in 191 o. Ini9i4he was appointed special agent of the Fidelity-Phenix
Fire insurance Company for Western Pennsyivania, later becoming
executive special agent for the Continental, Fidelity-Phenix and
American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies, and in 19 19 was appointed
assistant secreatry of the three companies. He was appointed to
his present position January i, 192 1, and was also elected president of
the Farmers Insurance Company, of Iowa.
HAIGHT, FRANK J., consulting act uarv, Indianapolis, Ind.,
was born of American parentage at Albion, Mich., September 28,
1877. He received a common and high school education and en-
tered Albion College, but completed only two years of the course,
and engaged in teaching. Later he engaged in life insurance work,
and has had a wide experience both in agency and actuarial work and
in official capacities. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of
Actuaries.
HALL, ARTHUR F., vice-president and general manager of the
Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, Ind., was
born of American parentage in Baxter Springs, Kansas, May 11, 1872.
BiOGKAPHiCAL Skbtchbs 527
He received a common school education, which he continued, and at
the same time began his business life, on entering a printing office,
from which he graduated into general newspaper work. He was for
fifteen years connected with the Indianapolis Journal^ serving in
various capacities, finally as secretary and treasurer. He was agent
of the Equitable Life of New York at Indianapolis in 1904 and 1905,
and in the latter year organized the Lincoln National Life of which
he became vice-president and general manager. He is a past poten-
tate Mizpah Temple, Mystic Shrine, and a former president of the
Fort Wayne Country Club. He is also president of The Greater Fort
Wayne Development Corporation and a director in the Lincoln National
Bank (formerly German-American) and the Morris Plan Bank of Ft.
Wayne.
HALL, R. E., former assistant secretary of the Continental Insur-
ance Company, with headquarters in Chicago, was born in Wheeling, W.
Va., December 25, 1872. His early business training was in the law,
and while practicing in Denver specialized in insurance, later entering
the insurance business as special agent and adjuster for the Commercial
Union Assurance Company. He joined the Continental in 1899 as
special adjuster at Chicago, and aided in adjusting the company's
losses in the San Francisco and Baltimore conflagrations. He was
appointed manager of the company's loss department at Chicago in
1906. He was appointed assistant secretary of the Continental, Fidelity-
Phcenix and American Eagle Fire insurance companies in 19 19, but
resigned as assistant secretary of the Fidelity- Phoenix and American
Eagle Fire Insurance Companies January i, 1921 to resume the man-
agement of the loss department of the Continental at Chicago. In
October 192 1 he resigned his position with the Continental to become
Assistant General Manager of the Underwriters Adjusting Company,
and became general manager of the said Company in March 1922.
HALL AM, F. M., general manager and treasurer of the Illinois
Bankers Life Association, Monmouth, 111., was born on a farm in
Knox county, 111., October 4^, 1872, and his early life was spent on a
farm. He received a public school and college education and was
admitted to the bar in 1896. Soon after he b^ame interested in life
insurance and entered the service of the Illinois Bankers Life Associa-
tion as treasurer. He was elected secretary of the Association in 1016,
and continued to serve as treasurer and secretary until 191 9, when,
in a division of the work of the organization, he assumed the position
of treasurer and general manager. He is a thirty-second degree Mason
and a Shriner, and a member of several other social and business
organizations.
HAMILTON, ISAAC MILLER, president of the Federal Life
Insurance Company of Chicago, 111., was bom in Ash Grove, Iroquois
county, 111., September 6, 1864, and was educated in the public schools
and under private tutors. He began his business life in general mer-
chandising and live stock business, and later entered the banking busi*
ness. He was a successful banker and lawyer, and was elected a
member of the Illinois Senate in 1896. He has been president of the
528 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Illinois League of Republican Clubs and also president of the National
League of Republican Clubs. He was president of the American Life
Convention, having been elected at the annual meeting in 1909. He was
president of the Health and Accident Underwriters Conference for
two terms. He was one of the organizers ot the Association of Life
Agency Officers and served successively as its secretary-treasurer and
chairman.
HANN, ROBERT A., vice-president and actuary of the American
Bankers Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., is a native of England
and was born at Woolwich, November i, 1870. He began his business
career as a mechanical engineer and is a graduate of Stevens Institute
of Technology, class of iSpi. He began his insurance career in the
service of the Equitable Life Insurance Society of New York, entering
the actuarial department and remaining with this company sixteen
years. Later he accepted the position of actuary of the Colorado
insurance department, and on retiring from the department accepted
a position with the Ohio State Life. He resigned his position with
the Ohio State Life, May i, 1916, and opened an office in Columbus,
Ohio, as consulting actuary. During 1918 and 1919 he served as an
officer in the Construction Division of the Army and after discharge
from service accepted his present position in May, 1920.
HANSEN, T. LOUIS, vice-president of The Guardian Life
Insurance Company of America was born in Denmark, April 8,
1875. He was educated in the high schools of Denmark, and came
to the United States at the age of seventeen, where, after several
years' varied experience he entered the employ of Missler & Krim-
mert, foreign bankers and steamship brokers in New York City in
1895. He began his life insurance career with the Guardian Life
Insurance Company of America in January, 1896, serving the com-
pany in the actuarial department until January, 1910, when he was
transferred to the agency department. He was app>ointed assistant
to the second vice-president in 19 12, superintendent of agencies on
May I, 19 1 4, elected vice-president and agency manager July 24, 19 18,
a member of the board of directors, August 20, 1919, and vice-president
on January i, 192 1. He is a resident of Montclair, N. J.
HARBAUGH, CHARLES HAMILTON, M.D., 2111 VValnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa., was born of American parentage in Cincinnati, Ohio,
March I, 1870. He was educated in the public schools and Wittenberg
College, Springfield, Ohio, and graduated from the Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1896. After two years spent in the hospi-
tals of Dublin, London and Paris, he engaged in the general practice of
medicine; later turning his attention to the medical side of insurance,
and is now engaged as an examiner and adjuster of health and accident
claims as well as claims under workmen's compensation laws, and also
is the author of a number of articles and standard books on various
subjects pertaining to casualty insurance. He is a Fellow of the
American Medical Association, member of the Philadelphia County
Medical Society, ex-president American Association of Medical
Examiners, and the Philadelphia Medical Examiners Association
and a member of various masonic orders and clubs.
Biographical Sketches 529
HARDING, JOHN COWDEN, joint manager of the western
department of the Sprinefield Fire and Marine Insurance Company,
Chicago, 111., 18 a native of Nebraska, and was born of American parent-
age at Nebraska City, December 4, 1873. He was educated in the
public and hitrh schools of Chicago, and Princeton University, from
which he graduated in 1895. In that year began his insurance career
in the service of the Springfield Fire and Marine, with which he has
been connected continuously since, serving the company as inspector
of improved risks, manager of the loss department, and superintendent
of agencies. He was appointed assistant manager in 191 1, and to^ his
present position January i, 192 1. Mr. Harding is active in the various
underwriting organizations, being secretary of the Western Factory
Insurance Association, the Oil Insurance Association and the Under-
writers Loss Prevention Bureau of Cook County. He is also a director
of Underwriters' Laboratories and the Western Adjustment and Inspec-
tion Company and the Underwriters Salvage Company.
HARDISON, FRANK H., former insurance commissioner of
Massachusetts, is a native of Boston, where he was born of American
parentage, September 3, 1849. He was educated in the common schools
and graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1876. He en-
p^aged in teaching and in newspaper work for a number of years, and
in 1896 was appointed examiner in the Massachusetts insurance depart-
ment. A year later he was appointed deputy commisaoner, and was
appointed Commissioner in 1907. Mr. Hardison retired as insurance
commissioner in 1919 under a state retirement law. He is now retained
as Consulting Actuary by the Liberty Mutua Insurance Company,
and holds himself out as a general insurance counselor with head-
quarters in Boston. Address 210 Lincoln St., Boston.
HARE, J. MONTGOMERY, formerly resident United States man-
ager of the Norwich Un on Fire Insurance Society, Limited, of England,
was born at Princeton, N. J., January 20, 1842. His father was
the Rev. Dr. George E. Hare, and his mother was a daughter of
Bishop Hobart of New York. He began his business life as a
clerk in a wholesale commission drygoods house in Philadelphia,
but soon after, February i, i860, entered the office of the American
Fire Insurance Company, and on October i, 1861, that of the Penn-
sylvania Fire Insurance Company. He served one year in the
Keystone Battery of Philadelphia in the Civil War. In April, 1864,
he removed to New York and became a partner of Charles P.
Frame, under the firm name of Frame & Hare. This firm, January
I, 1866, became Frame, Hare & Lockwood, and represented a num-
ber of prominent fire insurance companies, and were United States
managers of the London Assurance Corporation. On October 1,
1877, the firm was dissolved, Mr. Lockwood withdrawing with the
London Assurance, the remaining partners continuing business in
the old name. In May, 1879, the firm became managers of the
Norwich Union, and continued so until December 31, 1888, when
they dissolved and Mr. Hare became sole manager. He was presi-
dent of the New York Board of Fire Underwriters in 1898 and
530 Cyclopedia op Insusahce
1899, and president of the New York Fire Insurance Exchange in
1901 and 1902, and president of the National Board of Fire Under-
writers in 1909 and 19 10. He resigned as manager of the Norwich Union
in May 192 1.
HARE, WILLIAM, United States manager of the State Assurance
Company, Limited, of Liverpool, New York, was bom in Orange
N. J., February 21, 1873 and received a boarding school and college
education. He is a graduate of Yale College, class of 1896, and soon
after entered upon his insurance career. He was appointed United
States Manager of the State Assurance Company, Ltd. Liverpool, in
1922, and of The Consolidated Assurance Company, Ltd., London
and the Western Alliance Re-Insurance Company Ltd., London.
HARRIS, WILLIAM HUGH, formerly second vice-president of
the Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland, was born m Bingham-
ton, N. Y., May 6, 1884. He was educated in the public schools, and at
Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and graduated from Yale in 1906.
He began his business career in Binghamton, and later engaged in the
insurance brokerage business in New York City as a member of the firm
of Briggs & Hams. After several years* experience in the brokerage
and agency ends of the business, Mr. Harris joined the Fidelity and
Deposit in 1909. In 19 12 he was made vice-president. Mr. Harris
was also a director of the Fidelity and Dep>osit Company and a member
of its executive committee. In March, 19 15, the agency department
of the company was placed under his direction and with it the general
development of the company's business throughout the country.
He resigned his connection with the Fidelity and Deposit Company
in 1 92 1, and accepted the appointment as resident vice-president of the
National Surety at Baltimore.
HARVEY, JULIAN C, is a son of the late distinguished actuary,
Augustus F. Harvey of St. Louis, and was born in Lincoln, Neb., in 1869.
He was for seven years assistant secretary of the Covenant Mutual Life
of St. Louis, leaving it in 1897 to pursue special studies at the University
of Virginia. He received the degree of LL.B. from Washington University,
St. Louis, in 1898, and in the same year formed a partnership with his
father as consulting actuary, continuing in that profession until he was
elected vice-president of the National Life in March, 1904, which posi-
tion he resigned in 1906. He was associated with the German Mutual
Life Insurance Company of St. Louis fropi 1906 to 1910. Early in 1910
he established himself as a consulting actuary in St. Louis. Is a fellow
of the American Institute of Actuaries.
HASTINGS, GLOVER STREET, Jr., superintendent of agencies
of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston, was
born in Colebrook, Litchfield County, Conn., March 2, 1864. He re-
ceived a high school and business college education, and entered the
employ of a manufacturing company in Waterbury, Conn., as pay-
master. During the last two of the nine years in this position he acted as
a part time agent for Weld and Son, General agents of the ^tna Life.
Becoming thoroughly conversant of the possibilities of life insurance as a
Biographical Sketches 531
life career, he retired from the manufacturing business February i, 1890,
and has since devoted his whole time to life insurance. On January i»
1898, he was appointed general agent for Connecticut of the New Eng-
land Mutual Life, establishing his headquarters at Waterbury. One
year later the State of Rhode Island was added to his territory and the
headquarters of the agency on January i, 1899 was removed to Provi-
dence, R. I. He was elected to his present position on June 3, 1908. He
was one of the original members of the executive committee of the
Association of Life Agency Officers, also, a member of its Educational
Committee which in 1919 established the School of Life Insurance
Salesmanship at Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa. He
is still serving on this committee and is also a member of the Boston Life
Underwriters Association, and an honorary member of the North
Carolina Underwriters Association and of the Life Underwriters
Association of Canada. He has given lectures to the Harvard Graduate
School of Business Administration; and other institutions of higher
learning. He frequently addresses Chambers of Commerce, Life
Underwriters Associations, and other bodies on insurance and related
subjects, and is the author of many interesting brochures on life insur-
ance subjects.
HATHAWAY, ALLEN S., secretary of the Northwestern Mutual
Life Insurance Company, Milwaukee, Wis., was bom in Bedford, 0.»
March 10, 1861, and was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, O.
His business life has been spent in the service of the Northwestern
Mutual, and he began his service with the company as clerk in the
collection division in 1886. He was placed in charge of the division in
1890, and was appointed assistant secretary in 1905. He was ap-
pointed to his present position in July, 1906.
HAVENS, GEORGE W., began his insurance career in Boston,
entering the office of John C. Paige & Co., in 1881, where he received a
thorough training in the essentials of the agency business. He severed
his connections with the firm in 1903 to become Resident Manager at
Boston for the Maryland Casualty Company of Baltimore and repre-
sented the company in that capacity eleven years. In 19 15 he entered
the firm of Simpson, Campbell & Co., and also the firm of Simpson,
Campbell, Havens & Co., of Boston, Mass. On November i, 192 1,
Mr. Havens was admitted to partnership in the firm of Kaler, Carney,
Liffler & Co., being particularly in charge of the firm's Liability Depart-
ment. Mr. Havens served creditably for two terms as President of the
Massachusetts Casualty Underwriters Association. He is a member
of a number of social, fraternal, and charitable organizations including
the Boston City Club, Woodland Golf Club, Knights of Columbus.
HECOX, CHARLES L., St. Louis, Mo., former manager of the
western department of the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company, is of
English descent and was born in Michigan, August 10, 1863. He received
a common school education, and his business life has been spent first in
the lumber business and then in fire insurance. He was treasurer for
seven years of the Fire Underwriters Association of the Northwest,
being elected in 19 12 and is a member of the Board of Directors,
532 Cyclopbdu op Insurance
and was treasurer of the Western Insurance Bureau and of Western
Improved Risk Association. He resigned as western manager of the
Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company in 19 19 to become secretary and
manager of the Liberty Fire Insurance Company of St. Louis; but
resigned his connection with the Company, June i, 192 1.
HEGEM AN, JOHN R., former assistant secretary of the Metropol-
itan Life Insurance Company, was born in New York City, August 10,
187 1. He was educated under a private tutor, and began his busi-
ness career in the office of the Metropolitan Life. He was elected
assistant secretary in 1902 but resigned in 1921.
HELL I WELL, C. P., assistant manager of the western depart-
ment of the Queen Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., is a native of
England, where he was educated, and began his insurance career in a
local agency office in Milwaukee, Wis., in 1892. A year later he
entered the Western Department offices of the 0)ntinental Insurance
Company, in Chicago, later becoming connected with the Western De-
partment offices of the Conneticut Fire Insurance Company. In
1906 he entered the service of the Queen Insurance Company as exam-
iner, later becoming chief clerk, and in 19 13 was appointed Wisconsin
State agent. In 1920 he was appointed second assistant manager of
the Western Department of the Queen, and was appointed to his pres-
ent position n 1922.
HENDERSON, ROBERT, second vice-president and actuary of
the Equitable Life Assurance Society, was bom in Canada, May 24,
1 871. He was educated at St. Catherine's Collegiate Institute, Ontario,
and Toronto University. In the latter institution he won the scholar-
ship in mathematics. In 1892 he entered the insurance department of
the Dominion government, where he remained five years. He after-
wards became attached to the office force of the Equitable Life, was
appointed assistant actuary in IC03. In February, i 11 he was ap-
pomted actuary and in February k 21 was given the add'tional t tie of
second vice-president. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of
Great Britain, and a Fellow of the Actuarial Society of Amer ca, having
held the positions of secretary and vice-president of the latter, and is the
author of various scientific books and papers. In May 1922 he was
elected president of the Actuarial Society of America.
HENNE, E. A., secretary of the American Eagle Fire Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., was born at Fort Scott, Kansas, in 1877,
and received his education in his native city, and as well began his
insurance career there in a local agency. Later he traveled as special
agent in Kansas and Oklahoma, and in 1912 entered the service of the
Continental as special agent in Oklahoma. Later he represented the
company in Iowa, and Western Missouri, and in 191 7 was called to
the company's department headquarters in Chicago, later becoming
executive special agent, and was appointed to his present position in
1920.
Biographical Skbtchbs 533
HENRY, CARL ALBERT, fire underwriter, San Francisco, is
a native of California and was born of American parentage at
San Jose, Cal., May 21, 1872. After completing a public school
education he bejg:an his insurance career as office boy and acquired
an experience in various capacities in office and field. He was
appointed general agent of the Pacific coast department of the
Sun Insurance office in September, 1899, and is at present general agent
for the Sun Insurance office and Sun Underwriters; Patriotic Assur-
ance Company, and the Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance Com-
()any of Detroit. He is also a director and stockholder in the Michi-
gan Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and also a director and
stockholder in several San Francisco corporations. He was elected
president Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific in May, 1917,
serving the usual term of one year.
HESS, HAROLD MINER, fire underwriter and actuary, was
bom of American parentage at Evanston, 111., March 8, 1880.
He was educated in the public schools of Evanston and Dart-
mouth College, Hanover, N. H., from which he graduated in the
class of 1903. He began his insurance career as an inspector
for the Illinois Inspection Bureau, Chicago, and later was ap-
pointed actuary of the Western Actuarial Bureau, maintained
by the fire insurance companies, and on the organization of the
Missouri Actuarial Bureau, under the state rating laws, he^ was ap-
Sointed its chairman. Upon suspension of business m Missouri, in 19131
e was appointed actuary Arkansas Actuarial Bureau, and in August,
I9i3t organized Missouri Inspection Bureau in association with James
A. Waterworth with headquarters in St. Louis. January 15, 19 19
appointed secretary of American Central Insurance Company of St.
Louis, Mo.
HESS, HENRY E., was born in Detroit, Mich., in 1851. En-
tered fire insurance office in Indianapolis at the age of sixteen, and
has ever since maintained a connection with the business. Was
located at Scranlon, Pa., from 1876 to 1881 as an independent adjuster,
and during that time read law and was admitted to the bar, incidentally
serving on the staff of a daily newspaper, with a side excursion into
military life growing out of the labor riots in 1877. In 1881 he took
up field work as special agent for the Merchants of New Jersey in the
middle department, and in 1882 and 1883 served the Royal Insurance
Company of North America, and Pennsylvania Fire as special agent
in New York state, under Manager C. R. Knowles. In 1884 was
appointed to the position of special agent for the Connecticut Fire
Insurance Company, with headquarters at Boston. Elected president
of the New England Insurance Exchange in 1887, and served as vice-
president of that organization in 1896 and 1897. During his adminis-
tration of the Exchange he secured incorporation of the Insurance
Library Association, and for twelve years was connected with the
conduct of its affairs, first as president, and subsequently as secretary
and treasurer. The success of the library is credited by its friends to
Mr. Hess, who gave freely of his spare time and labor to building up,
534 Cyclopedia of Insurance
arranging and cataloguing its fine collection of insurance works. In
June 1899, he was elected manager of the New York Fire Insurance
Exchange, serving as such until December, 1909, when he was elected
vice-president ot the Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance Company, a
position he resigned in 19 10. He was elected secretary and manager
of the New York Suburban Fire Insurance Exchange in October, 19 12.
HEWES, M. LEWIN, president of the Standard Fire In-
surance Company, Hartford, was bom in Baltimore, Maryland,
June 14, 1861. He received a private school education, and after
one year at the Maryland Agricultural College entered on his
insurance career which came naturally as his grandfather, John Hewes,
organized in 1825 the Firemen's Insurance Company of Baltimore,
becoming its first president, continuing so until his death. Mr.
Hewes has been in tne business for forty-five consecutive years, having
started as clerk in the office of Messrs. Proud & Campbell, in Balti-
more, in 1877. He went with Mr. R. Emory Warfield, then district
general agent of the Continental in Baltimore, in 1882, and followed
him when he became district manager of the Royal in 1885. Sub-
sequently he was special agent of the Norwich Union and secretary
of the Howard and United Fire Insurance Companies, of Baltimore,
leaving there in the fall of 1901 to accept a position as agency sup-
erintendent of the Scottish Union and National Insurance Company,
at their head office for the United States, in Hartford, Conn. In 1909-
10 he organized the Standard Fire Insurance Company of Hartford
and was elected its president in January, 19 10, which position he now
fills.
HEWITT, DIXWELL, general agent of the Pacific coast depart-
ment of the Hartford Fire and Sterling Fire Insurance Company, was
born in Middlesex, Pa., July 7, 1863. He is a graduate of Williams
College, class of 1886, and began his business career in fire insurance.
He has represented various com[)anies in the coast field as special
agent, and was also assistant manager of the Phoenix of Hartford.
In 1900 he was appointed general agent for the Pacific coast for the
Phoenix of London and Providence- Washington, and .in 1903 was ap-
pointed associate general agent of the Hartford Fire and beci^me gen-
eral agent in 19 13.
HEXAMER, CHARLES A., secreterv Philadelphia Fire Un-
derwriters Association, was born at Hoboken, N. J., in 1852. He
was graduated from the New York University as civil engineer
in 1 87 1. The next three years were spent on the Pittsburgh,
Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad as civil engineer. A year later
he joined E. Hexamer, the map and survey publisher at Phila-
delphia, and remained with him until 1883, when he became in-
spector of the Home, Hartford, and North British and Mercan-
tile. He subsequently confined his services to the Hartford, and
continued in that capacity until 1890, when he became a member
of the firm of Henry W. Brown & Co., Philadelphia. The partner-
ship dissolved by limitation in January, 1894, s^nd in the fall of
the same year he was elected secretary of the Philadelphia local
Biographical Sketches 535
board, and continued in that capacity until December, 1896, when
he resigned to accept a position with the Hartford Fire. Mr.
Hexamer is also past-president of the National Fire Protection
Association. He was elected secretary of the Philadelphia Association
in March, 1904, to succeed Herbert Wilmerding, which position he
still holds. Honorary member, National Fire Protection Association;
member. Fire Council Underwriters' Laboratory; member. Board of
managers, Franklin Institute.
HEYE, CARL, president of the Guardian Life Insurance Company
of America is a native of Germany and, was born in Quakenbrueck,
May 13, 1 87 1. He was educated in the "Real Gymnasium" at Quacken-
brueck, where he graduated in 1889. Coming to the United States in
September, 1889, he entered the service of the Compwiny and was
appointed secretary in 1902. In 1905, he was graduated from the New
York University Law School. On January i, 19 15, he became vice-
president and secretary, on January i, 1921, president.
HIGGINS, ERNEST CHESTER, secretary of the Accident and
Liability department of the ^tna Life Insurance Company, Hart-
ford, Conn., was born at Wellfleet, Mass., May 16, 1880, and received
a public and high school education. He began his business career as clerk
in a grocery store, and in 1900 entered the insurance business as a clerk
in the Boston office of the Employers* Liability Assurance Corpora-
tion of London. In 1902 he accepted a position in the liability depart-
ment of the ^tna Life, and was appointed assistant secretary in March,
1907 and secretary in September, 191 1.
HILDRETH, CHARLES F., local agent at Freeport, 111., was born
in Bennington county, Vermont, October 15, 1861. He received a
common school education, and began his business experience in the
service of the Illinois Central Railroad as agent and telegraph operator.
His railroad service extended over a period of twelve years, and after a
brief experience in manufacturing he graduated into the fire insurance
and real estate business. He was a member of the Freeport Library
Board, and served as a member of the city's board of education for
nine years. He is a former president of the Illinois Association of
Local Fire Insurance Agents and of the Illinois Building Association
Leap^ue, and is now secretary of the Freeport Building and Loan Asso-
ciation. He is an ex-president of 'the Freeport Chamoer of Commerce
and of the National Association of Insurance Agents, having been
elected at the annual meeting held in Cincinnati in 19 13 and re-elected
at the Minneapolis meeting in 1914, retiring from that office in October
1915. P. O. Address 227 West Stephenson St., Freeport, III.
HILDRETH, EDWIN HUNTER, secretary of the Springfield
Fire and Marine Insurance Company, Springfield, Mass., was born of
American parentage in Windsor, Vt., November 4, 1869. He was
educated in the public schools of Springfield, and began his business
career in fire insurance. He entered the employ of the Springfield
Fire and Marine in 1887 and received promotion through several
536 Cyclofbdia of Insurance
clerical positions to that of examiner. He went into the field for the
company in 1894 as special agent for Connecticut, Western Massachu-
setts, Vermont, and part of New Hampshire, and was elected assist-
ant secretary in June, 191 1. He was promoted to his present position
February 12, 1907.
HILLAS, ROBERT J., president of the Fidelity and Casualty
Company of New York, was bom in Green Bay, Wis., October 2^
1859. He received a grammar school education and bq^n his busi-
ness career in a law office. He entered the service of the Fidelity and
Casualty Company as an office boy, October 31, 1876, at the age of 17.
He was appomted assistant secretary of that company in 1880, and
succeeded to the secretaryship in 1888. Four years later (1892) the
office of treasurer devolved upon him in addition to his other duties,
and in 1903 to all these honors was added the vice-presidency. In
19 10 he succeeded to the presidency upon the death of George Fred-
erick Seward.
HINKLEY, GEORGE W., fire underwriter, was bom at
Boston, Mass., July 4, 1856. He received his education in the
grammar and English high schools of Boston, and began busi-
ness life as a clerk in a Boston insurance agency in 1873. In
1876 he removed to Waterbury, Conn., where he was a clerk for
J. W. Smith, insurance agent. From 1885 to 1887 he was New
England special agent for the Royal, Pennsylvania Fire, and
London and Lancashire, and from 1887 to 1900 was special agent
and adjuster of the Phoenix Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn.;
from 1900 to 1902 was Boston manager of the Phoenix Insurance
Company of Hartford and Citizens Insurance Company of New
York, and then on May 13, 1902, was elected president and
treasurer of the Citizens Mutual Insurance Company of Boston.
Mr. Hinkley, vice-president of The Old Bay State Insurance Company
also vice-president of the Massachusetts Plate Glass Insurance Com-
pany of Concord, Mass., has been active in the affairs of the New Eng-
land Insurance Exchange, of which he served one term as vice-president,
and in 1895 was elected president. During his residence at Water-
bury, Conn., he served on the board of education, and he was
prominent in Odd Fellowship in Connecticut from 1878 to 1885.
He is also manager of the Adjustment Bureau of New England, and
manager Mutual Adjustment Bureau, Boston, Mass.
HOADLEY, FREDERICK, secretary of The American Insur-
ance Company of Newark, N. J., was born in Princeton, N. J., March
I3f 1870; son of P. L. Hoadley, late president of the American Insurance
Company. He was educated in the grammar and high schools of New-
ark, and fitted himself for the profession of architecture, which en-
gaged his attention for several years, until in 1898 he entered the
business of fire insurance and the service of the American. He was
special agent of the company from 1900 to 1909, when he was made
assistant secretary, and has been secretary of the company since
March i, 1914.
Biographical Sketches 537
HOEY, JAMES J., former first vice-president and a director of the
Continental Insurance Company, New York, N. Y., was bom in New
York City, December 15, 1877, and was educated in the public schools
of that city. He began his insurance career as a broker in New York
City, and remained in the business until 1912, when he accepted an
appointment as deputy superintendent of insurance in charge of the
departments New York City offices. He resigned his position with the
insurance department in 19 15 to accept a position with the Continental
Insurance Company, later becoming its second vice-president, and in
1920 was also elected second vice-president of the Fidelity-Phenix and
American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies. He was appointed first
vice-president of the Continental, January i, 1921, but later resigned
and entered the agency field as a member of the firm of Hoey & Ellison,
New York, N. Y. He was elected a member of the New York Assembly
in 1906, and was re-elected for five consecutive terms.
HOFFMAN, FREDERICK L., LL.D., statistician of the Pruden-
tial Insurance Company of America, Newark, N. J., was born at Varel,
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Germany, May 2, 1865. He received a
public and private school education, and came to the United States in
1884 and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He entered the service of
the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in 1887, serving it in vari-
ous capacities and in 1891 resigned this connection to enter the service
of the Life Insurance Company of Virginia. In 1893 he accepted a
position as statistical assistant in the actuarial department of the
Prudential, becoming statistician in 1899, and was elected an officer
of the company in 1902. He is the author of numerous contributions
to insurance, statistics and social science and has lectured on in-
surance and public health before Harvard, Yale, Columbia and Cor-
nell Universities, the University of Wisconsin, the Wharton School
of Finance, Stanford University and the University of California t
and other colleges and scientific associations. ' He was president
of the American Statistical Association for the year 1912, and he is a
Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, a member of the German
Society for Insurance Science, the American Academy of Political and
Social Science, the American Ek:onomic Association, the American
Public Health Association, the National Association for the Study and
Prevention of Tuberculosis, the American Society for the Control of
Cancer, National Committee on Malaria Eradication, etc. He was
a member of the International Coneress of Actuaries held in New
York in 1903, in Berlin in 1906, in Vienna in 1909, and in Amster-
dam in 19 1 2. He was a lecturer on insurance at the International
Congress of Arts and Science, held in St. Louis in 1904, and dele-
gate for the United States to the- International Actuarial Congress
of 1909, and the International Statistical Institute, held in Paris the
same year. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from
Tulane University of Louisiana at New Orleans in 191 1. He was a
delegate to the World's Insurance Congress, San Francisco, 1915,
and was also a delegate to the Second Pan-American Scientific Congress,
Washington, D. C., 1915. In April, 1917, he was appointed Chair-
man of the National Committee on Statistics and Information of
538 Cyclopedia of Insurance
the Advisory Commission on Labor and Welfare of the Council of
National Defense. His two most recent publications are ** A Plea
and a Plan for the Eradication of Malaria throughout the Western
Hemisphere/' and " Facta and Fallacies of Compulsory Health In-
surance."
HOLCOMBE, JOHN M., president of the Phoenix Mutual Life
Insurance Company of Hartford, was born in that city in June, 1848,
and was graduated from Yale College in the class of 1869, receiving
afterward the degree of M.A. While engaged in the study of Law
he embraced an opportunity to gratify his taste for mathematics by
entering the actuarial department of the Connecticut Mutual Life.
He was appointed actuary of the Connecticut state insurance depart-
ment in 187 1, and in July, 1874, went into the service of the Phoenii
Mutual as its assistant secretary. He was appointed secretary in
June, 1875, vice-president in 1889, and president in 1904. Mr. Hol-
combe has been much interested in the local politics in Hartford,
and has been a member of the city council a number of years, and
president of both of its branches. He is a Fellow of the Actuarial
Society of America, and a director in various financial institutions
in Hartford. He was one of the organizers of and has been lecturer
at the Insurance course at Yale University. At Commencement
in June, 19 10, Yale University conferred upon him the honorary
degree of Master of Arts. In June 1920 Trinity College conferred upon
him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.
HOLLAND, CHARLES HUBERT, president of the Royal
Indemnity Company, is a native of England and was bom in London,
April 25, 1878. He was inspector of agents in London for the Northern
Accident Insurance Company, Limited, and was subsequently agency
superintendent for London and the South of England for that Company.
The "Northern Accident" was purchased by the Royal Insurance
Company, Limited, of Liverpool, England; and he was sent to Aus-
tralia in 1907 to open a Casualty Department for the Royal Insurance
Company in Australia and New Zealand. He remained ther^ for three
years, taking a prominent part in the building of tariffs for x^arious
classes of casualty insurance business and was chairman of the Accident
Underwriters Association of Victoria in 19 10, at which time he was
called to the United States to organize the Royal Indemnity Company,
a subsidiary of the Royal Insurance Company, Limited. He was
president of the International Association of Casualty and Surety
Underwriters in 1913 and 1914, and was chairman of the executive
committee of that association in 19 15 and 1 9 16.
HOLMAN, CHARLES J., manager for the Pacific Coast of the
Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, and of the Palatine
Insurance Company of London, was born in the city of New York.
November 18, 1854. He was educated in New York, and early
in 1873 entered the employ of the Commercial Union in New
York, and has been connected with that company in various posi-
tions ever since. In 1880 he was appointed its special agent in
Biographical. Sketches 539
Pennsylvania. In 1882 and the following year he was superinten-
dent of agencies at the New York office. From 1883 to 1889 he
was the resident secretary of the company's central department,
with headquarters in Cincinnati. In the latter year he was ap-
pointed resident secretary for the northwestern department, with
headquarters at Denver. On the death of Manager Sewall, and
the appointment of Assistant Manager Wray, in January, 1899,
to fill the vacancy, Mr. Holman was appointed assistant United
States manager of the company, and removed to New York. He
is also vice-president of the Commercial Union Fire Insurance
Company of New York, and assistant United States manager of
the Palatine Insurance Company, Limited, of London, and the
Union Assurance Society, Limited, of London,- and of the Hand-in-
Hand Underwriters. He is ex-president of the Insurance Society of
New York and secretary of the Insurance Clerks Mutual Benefit
Association. In May, 19 19, he was appointed president of the California
Insurance Company and manager for the Pacific Coast department of
the Commercial Union, the Palatine and the Commercial Union of
New York and the Union Assurance Society of London with head-
quarters in San Francisco, succeeding E. T. Niebling.
HOWARD, JAMES L., secretary of The Travelers Insurance
Company, Hartford, was born in Hartford, March 21, 1878. He was
educated in the public schools of Hartford and Yale University, graduat-
ing therefrom in the class of 1898. He entered the employ ot the Trav-
elers soon after graduation, and after several years in the actuarial
department was appointed secretary to the president, and in 1906 waa
made assistant secretary in the life department. He was appointed
assistant secretary of the company January 11, 191 1, and secretary
January 24, 191 2. Was in federal service during the World War from
July 25, 19 1 7 to January 4, 1919, first as Major in command of the loist
Machine Gun Battalion, later Lieutenant-Colonel, Divisional Machine
Gun Officer, later Assistant Chief of Staff. 26th Division.
HOWE, LIVERUS HULL, actuary of the John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Company, Boston, Mass., was born in Charlestown,
Mass., January 26, 1872. He was educated in the public schools of
Boston and graduating from the high school, began his insurance career
with the John Hancock Mutual Life the first of July 1889, a few years
afterwards entering the Actuarial Department of the Company as a
clerk. Later becoming assistant actuary, he was appointed to his
present position in 1909. He is instructor of life insurance in The
College of Business Administration, Boston University. He is a Fellow
of the Actuarial Society of America.
HOWLAND, FRED ARTHUR, president of the National Life
Insurance Company, Montpelier, Vt., was bom at Franconia, N. H.,
November 10, 1864. He was educated at Phillips-Andover Academy
and Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1887. He was
admitted to the Vermont bar in 1890 and practiced law at Montpelier
as a member of the firm of Dillingham, Huse & Howland from 1892
to 1903. In the latter year he was appointed counsel for the National
540 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
Life, and was elected vice-president of the com^ny in 1909, and
president in January, 19 16, tollowing the death of President De Boer.
He was secretary of civil and military affairs of Vermont from 1888
to 1890; clerk of the house of representatives, 1896- 1898, and was also
state's attorney for Washin^on county. He was elected secretary of
state and insurance commissioner in 1898, and served until 1902,
meantime serving one term as vice-president of National Convention of
Insurance Commissioners; for several years was a member of the
State Board of Library Commissioners; in 1909 was appointed by the
governor chairman of a committee to submit a revision of the banking
&WS of the state; and in 1916 was appointed by the governor a trustee
of the Permanent School Fund of Vermont. A trustee of Dartmouth
College. Is a member of the Vermont State Board of Education.
He is a member of the executive committee of the Association of Life
Insurance Presidents.
HUDNUT, JAMES M., junior secretary, New York Life Insur-
ance Company, was born in Orleans county, N. Y., in 18^. He
worked on a farm until eighteen years of age and in 1862 enlisted in
the army. He was wounded at the battle of Cold Harbor in June,
1864, and on his recovery served as clerk of a military commission
until the end of the war. He was a clerk in the United States Treas-
ury department from 1865 to 1869, and during this time prepared for
college and was graduated from the University o£ Rochester in the
class of 1872. He was associate editor of the New York Examiner
from 1872 to 1875, and in the latter year entered the service of the
New York Life as editor of the News Letter. He is the editor of the
company's literature, and was made assistant secretary in 1909 and
junior secretary in 19 12. Has written Semi-Centennial History of the
Company, 184J-1895; History of Company, 1895-1905; Studies in
Practical Life Insurance (191 1).
HUEBL, JOSEPH, second vice-president of the Northwestern
National Insurance Company, Milwaukee, Wis., was born in Portage,
Wis., February 11, 1870. He received a common school education,
and began his business experience in the German Exchange Bank of
Portage. Five years later he entered the service of the Northwestern
National in 1889 in the accounting department, and being promoted
successively to the positions of cashier, assistant secretary and secre-
tary. He was elected to his present position in 19 16.
HUFF, PEREZ F., underwriter, 91 William St., New York, N. Y..
was born in Jacksonville, Fla., July 10, 1873. He was educated in the
grammar and high schools of his native city and began his insurance
career as stenographer in the general agency of the Penn Mutual Life in
Jacksonville, subsequently becoming special agent and finally in 1893
-superintendent of agencies for the Florida agency. Later he became gen-
eral agent for the Home Life and his ability as an agency organizer hav-
ing attracted attention he was called to New York to organize special ter-
ritory for the company. While engaged in this work, he accepted an
offer from the Equitable Life to take charge of its Florida general
agency. He returned to New York City in 1899 and became a member
1
1
Biographical Sketches 541
of the insurance brokerage firm of Hamlin & Co., in the meantime
having contracted with the Northwestern Mutual Life, which he
represented for seven years. In 1901 he joined the firm of L. Wachen-
heim & Son, established in 1866, which later became Wachenheim &
Huff, Inc., doing a eeneral insurance business and of which he was
President and general marfager, which on May i, 19 17 was succeeded
y Huff, Dreyer & Co., Inc., of which he is president. He was ap-
pointed agent of the Union Central Life Insurance Company in New
York City in 1907; later becoming general agent, and had the distinc-
tion of leading the company's agency force six successive years in point
of personal production and was awarded a medal by the company for
the largest personal production. He resigned his connection with the
Union Central Life in June, 191 5, to become general agent for the
Travelers, life department, in New York City, and at the close of
that year had won the distinction of leading the company's entire
agency force in point of business written that year. The rerez F. Huff
Agency has been the leading life agency of The Travelers, since joining
the Company, and Mr. Huff also has ranked as leader among the
personal producers throughout the United States for the Company
every year since 19 15.
HUNT, WILLIAM H., president of The Cleveland Life Insur-
ance Company, Cleveland, Ohio, assumed the presidency and active
management of the company in April, 1909. He has had a wide ex-
perience as an executive in both commercial and civic fields; was
early trained in banking, was for many years actively engaged in the
manufacturing business and was president National Brick Manu*
facturers Association in 1901-1902. He was vice-president and man-
ager of the Hydraulic Press Brick Company for many years, retiring
in 1908. He was president of the Cleveland Builders Exchange for
four years and for two years a director of the Cleveland Chamber of
Commerce and chairman of that body's committee on Municipal
Art and Architecture. He is also treasurer and trustee of Saint Luke's
Hospital Association, trustee of the Hiram House Social Settlement,
and has been officially connected with numerous other civic and phil-
anthropic enterprises.
HUGHS, ROBERT NATHANIEL, formerly secretary of the
Atlanta- Birmingham Fire Insurance Company, is a native of Georgia,
and was born in Irwinton, Wilkinson county, September 29, 1868.
After receiving a common school education he entered a local agency
at Macon, Ga., as stenographer, and subsequently became a mem-
ber of the firm of Geo. W. Duncan & Co., local agents at Macon, Ga.
He was successively examiner, special agent and assistant manager
in the southern department of the Imperial Insurance Company of
London, and after the retirement of that company was appointed
special agent of the Hartford Fire, which position he resigned to accept
the assistant secretaryship of the Atlanta-Birmingham Fire Insur-
ance Company. ' He was elected secretary of the Atlanta- Birming-
ham Fire Insurance Company in February, 1904. He resigned Oc-
tober I, 1906, to go into the general agency business, forming a part-
542 Cyclopedia of Insurance
nership with M. B. Yates, under the firm name of Hughs & Yates,
On February i, 191 5, retired from the firm and became assistant man-
ager Southern Department Insurance Company of North America
Philadelphia Underwriters and Alliance of Philadelphia, under Dan B.
Harris. Shortly after the death of Mr. Harris in April, 191 7, Mr. Hughs
was made manager of these companies. *
HUNTER, ROBERTSON G., second vice-president and actuary of
the Equitable Life Insurance Company of Iowa, is a native of Scotland,
and was born at Edinburgh, December 7, 1877. He was educated at the
Edinburgh University. He was connected with the actuarial department
of the New York Life Insurance Company for ten years, part of that
time representing the company as resident mathematician at Chicago.
He resigned from the New York Life to accept the position of state actu-
ary of Massachusetts, and as such organized and managed the savings
banks industrial insurance plan adopted in the state. He was ap-
pointed secretary and actuary of the Provident Savings Life Assur-
ance Society in 1909, but resigned in the latter part of 19 10 to accept
the position of associate actuary of the Guardian Life Insurance Com-
pany of America. In September, 1918, he was appointed second vice-
president and actuary of the Equitable Life of Iowa. He is a Fellow of
the Actuarial Society of America, a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries
of America, and an Associate of the Institute of Actuaries of Great
Britain.
HUNTINGTON, ROBERT WATKINSON, president of the
Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, was bom at Nor-
wich, Conn., November 9, 1866. He was educated in the Hartford
High School and Yale College, from which he was graduated in 1889.
He was a clerk in the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company
until 1893, when he was appointed actuary. Ii\ May, 1899, was ap-
pointed secretary, and in May, 1901, was elected to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of President Russell. He is president and trustee
of the Dime Savings Bank and Director of the First National Bank,
Hartford, also Director First Re-insurance Company, Hartford.
HURRELL, ALFRED, third vice-president and general solicitor
of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, formerly attorney
to the Association of Life Insurance Presidents, is a native of Can-
ada, and was born of English parentage at Fort Erie, Ontario, Februar)'
12, 1874. He received a common and high school education, which
was interspersed with a brief experience as a railroad clerk and book-
keeper. He was graduated from the Buffalo Law School in 1902, and
engaged in the general practice of law in Buffalo, N. Y., from 1904 to
1908. In 1909 he served as assistant district attorney for Erie County.
Later he was appointed counsel to the New York Insurance Depart-
ment under Superintendent Hotchkiss, and in 1910 served as special
•counsel in charge of the investigation of fire insurance by the **Merritt"
Committee of the New York legislature. He bedame attorney to
the Association of Life Insurance Presidents in 191 1, and in 1915 re-
signed to become associate general solicitor of the Prudential.
Biographical Sketches 543
IDE, HENRY JORDAN, fire underwriter, Boston, Mass., is a
native of New Hampshire and was born at Claremont of American
parentage, September i8, 1862. He received a common and high
school education, and began his fire underwriting career in 1881, in the
office of Alfred M. Ballard where he remained nine years. He became
special agent for the Mercantile Fire and Marine Insurance Company
in 1891 and was made vice-president in 1901. Since 1905 he has been
New England general agent of the American Insurance Company of
Newark, and also represents as New England general agent the Virginia
Fire and Marine, Albany, United-American of Pittsburgh and Eastern
Underwriters of Camden. Elected in January, 1916, for a two year term
as president of New England Insurance Exchange and he is a trustee of
Insurance Library Association.
IRVIN, E. C, president of the Fire Associatior. of Philadel-
phia, was born near Harrisburg, Pa., May 22, 1839. While yet a
youUi he taught school at Duncannon, Pa., and was afterwards for
a number of years manager of the Duncannon Iron Works. He
entered the insurance business in 1869 as special agent for Pennsyl-
vania of the Germania Fire of New York. In 1874 he became a
general agent of the Phoenix of Hartford for a large territory ex-
tending from Pennsylvania to the Gulf of Mexico, with headquar-
ters at Philadelphia. In February, 1884, Mr. Irvin was elected vice-
president of the Fire Association and succeeded to the presidency in
February, 1891. Mr. Irvin was instrumental in the organization
of the "Middle Department" and was the first president and served
three terms. In May, 1898, he was elected president of the National
Board of Fire Underwriters and served two years. Organized and
became president of Victory Insurance Company of Philadelphia
in 1919 in connection with the Fire Association. %
JAMESON, EDWIN CORNELL, president of the Globe-Rut-
gers Fire Insurance Company of New York, was born in Somer-
ville, New Jersey, April 17, 1864, and received his education in the
public and private schools and academy of that place. He is a grad-
uate of the New York Law school and a member of the bar in New
York state; director in Golden Hill Building Company, and Na-
tional, Pacific, Stuyvesant, and Hamilton Fire Insurance Companies
and Lawyers* Title and Trust Company and Submarine Boat Cor-
poration, and director in American Smelting and Refining Co.
JEWELL, EDWARD W., general agent, western department
of the Atlas Assurance Company, was born m Topeka, Kansas, June 8,
1872. He was educated in the common and high schools, and en-
tered Washburn College, Topeka, but completed only two years
of the course. He began his insurance career in 1893 in the office of
the Fidelity and Casualty Company, Chicago, and after one year
there, entered the office of the Prussian National, subsequently be-
coming connected with the Chicago office of Hall & Henshaw. He
was special agent for the British -America and Western in Cook
544 Cyclopedia op Insukancb
county, then special agent in Indiana, and later was appointed
special agent for Illinois and Michigan for the Atlas. He was
appointed assistant manager, January i, 1909, and advanced to his
present position December 15, 1919.
JOHNSON, ALBERT M., president of the National Life Insur-
ance Company of the United States of America, Chicago, is a native of
Ohio, and was bom at Oberlin, May 31, 1872. He was educated in
the public schools of his native town and in Oberlin College. After
graduation from Cornell University, in the class of 1895, he engaged
m railroading, later entering life insurance. He was vice-president
and treasurer of the National Life, and was elected president in Janu-
ary, 1906. He is president of the North American Cold Storage Com-
pany.
JOHNSON, GEORGE K.. former president of the Penn. Mutual
Life Insurance Company, was born in Bucks county, Pa., December 11,
1848, of Quaker parentage. He was educated at the Friends' Acad-
emy and at the Friends' Central School at Philadelphia, from which
he graduated in 1866. His first business vocation was that of a derk
in a Philadelphia manufacturing house. In 1880 he was in business
for himself, being a member of the firm of Belknap, Johnson & Powell,
manufacturers 01 umbrellas, which became the largest in the trade in
the United States. Mr. Johnson became a member of the board of
trustees of the Penn Mutual Life in 1889. He was elected vice-presi-
dent of the company in April, 1897, and elected president in 1906.
He is a member of the Union League Club of Philadelphia, and a director
in Fourth Street National Bank and the Pennsylvania Co. for Insur-
ances on Lives and Granting Annuities, New England Power Co., of
New -Hampshire, and several other financial and public service corpora-
tions, trustee and treasurer of Jeanes Hospital, director of the Cin-
cinnati, Indianapolis & Western R. R., also member of the Stock Voting
Trustee Board, and is connected with many other enterprises and
charitable institutions. He retired as president of the company in
April 1922.
JOHNSON, HARRY ERNEST, secretary of the Phoenix Mutual
Life Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., was born in Washing-
ton, D. C, July 30, 1873. He was educated in the public and private
schools of VVashington and began his insurance career in 1892. He
entered the employ of the Phoenix Mutual as clerk in 1899, was ap-
pointed assistant cashier in 1900, which he filled until May, 1909, when
he was elected assistant secretary. In January, 19 18, he was elected
secretary.
JOHNSON, J. WILLIAM, secretary Mutual Benefit Life In-
surance Company, is a native of Newark, K. J., where he was born
of American parents, April 21, 1849. He was educated in the public
schools of his native city, and after a year's service in a fire insurance
office entered the employ of the Mutual Benefit Life in 1865, at the age
of sixteen. He has served the company continually since in various
capacities, and was elected to his present position in May, 1905.
Biographical Sketches 545
JOHNSON, WILLIAM COLET, vice-president Massachusetts
Protective Association of Worcester, Mass., was born at Sag Harbor,
Long Island, January 28, 1876, and is of Holland descent, his an-
cestors being among the earlier Dutch settlers on Long Island. He
received a common school education, and entered the insurance bus-
iness in New York in 1892, becoming New York manager of the
Phcenix Mutual Life in 190 1. He took an active part in the protest
of the agents against the restrictions of the Armstrong laws, substan-
tial modification of which were secured before enactment, and is well
known as a writer on insurance and economic subjects. He was ap-
pointed vice-president and general manager of the Columbian National
Life in 191 1, but resigned m 191 5 to become Inspector of Agencies of
the Equitable Life of New York, a position he retained until becom-
ing vice-president of the Massachusetts Protective in March, 19J8.
Address, 18 Franklin St., Worcester, Mass.
JONES, FREDERICK ROBERTSON, secretary-treasurer of the
Workmen's Compensation Publicity Bureau, 80 Maiden Lane, New
York City; secretary-treasurer of the Bureau of Personal Accident and
Health Underwriters; and secretary-treasurer of the International
Association of Casualty and Surety Underwriters; was born of British
parentage in Wicomico county, Md., January 4, 1872. He received
a private school and collegiate education, ^duating from the West-
ern Maryland College, Westminster, Md., m 1892. He received the
degree A.M. from the college in 1894, and in 1896 was given the de-
p;ree of Ph.D. by Johns Hopkins University. In 1896 he became act-
mg professor of history and economics at Western Maryland Col-
lege, later becoming an instructor at Johns Hopkins University, and
from 1897 to 1902 was assistant professor of economics and sociology
at Union College. In the latter year he accepted the professorship of
economics at Brvn Mawr College, continuing there until 1906, when
he was appointecl assistant secretary of the Fidelity and Casualty Com-
pany, New York, and remained with the company until 1912 when he
was appointed to his present position as secretary-treasurer of the Work-
men's Compensation Publicity Bureau. In October, 1918, he was
appointed by Secretary of the Treasury, William G. McAdoo, a member
of Advisory Board of the Federal Bureau of War Risk Insurance.
(Military and Naval Division), which position he still holds. He is a
member of several clubs, and of the American Historical Association,
and is the author of several work9on historical subjects, and a contribu-
tor to periodicals on historical and economical subjects. He is the com-
eiler of the Digest of Workmen's Compensation Laws of the United
tates and Territories; and is the editor of the pamphlets containing the
compensation laws of the various states and territories of the United
States.
JOSEPH, JAMES F., former vice-president of the Sterling Fire
Insurance Company of Indianapolis, Ind., is a native of Philadelphia,
Pa., where he was born July 25, 1865. He received a public school
education, and began his business career as errand boy in a book pub-
lishing house. In 1883, he was connected with the central department
of the American Insurance Company of Philadelphia at Cincinnati.
546 Cyclopedia of Insusancb
In 1888, he was appointed examiner in the western department of the
Phenix Insurance Company of Brooklyn, subsequently being appointed
special agent, and in 1898 he was appointed assistant manager of the
western department of the Manchester Assurance Company. In
November, 1903, he was appointed assistant manager of the western
department of the North british and Mercantile Insurance Com-
pany at Chicago, and in April, 1908, he resigned that position to
become vice-president of the Commonwealth Insurance Company of
New York. On September i, 191 1, retired from the Commonwealth
service to accept the vice-presidency and underwriting management
of the Sterling Fire Insurance Company, Indianapolis, Ind. He re-
signed in 19 1 6 and accepted a position as special representative of
The Union, 175 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.
* JOYCE, WILLIAM B., president of the National Surety Com-
pany of New York, was bom in Utica, N. Y., December 28, 1866,
and received a public school education. He began his business ex-
perience in the telephone business, and for some years was manager
of the Northwestern Telephone Exchange Company at Minneapolis,
St. Paul, and Fargo, N. D. In 1892 he became general agent of the
Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Trust Company at St. Paul in its Surety
Bond Department, and later became general agent of the National
Surety Company of Kansas City in the same territory. In 1897 he
was appointed northwestern manager of the National Surety Company
of New York, then just organized with headquarters at St. Paul, and
in 1904 was elected president of the company. He is a director of the
company, and also a director of the American Light and Traction
Company, American Sumatra Tobacco Company, Tennessee Copper
Company, Kerr Lake Mining Company, and United Gas and Electric
Company.
KEELOR, REINARD SMITH. M.D., manager, liability depart-
ment United States Casualty Company; member of the Automobile
Manual committee of the National Bureau of Casualty and Surety Un-
derwriters; was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania in 1854.
He is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia and mem-
ber of the Pennsylvania bar. He has been active in all lines of casualty
insurance, having contributed extensively to the literature on accident
and sickness insurance but is now specializing in liability and compen-
sation insurance.
■
KEHR, GUSTAV, former vice-president of the National Liberty
Insurance Company of America, was born in New York City, Septem-
ber 2, 1856. He received a public and private school education, and
began his business career as clerk in the ofhce of the Germania in 1870.
He was promoted through the clerical grades to chief accountant, and
was appointed assistant secretary in 1891. He was promoted to
the secretaryship of the company in 1902, and in 191 2 was made vice-
president, retaining also the position of secretary, but resigned secre-
taryship in January, 191 7 and retired from the service of the company
in 192 1.
Biographical Sketches 547
KELLAM, FREDERICK B., manager of the Royal Insurance
Company Ltd., New York Department, was born at New Haven, Conn.,
September 9, 1866. He was educated at the New Haven public schools
and served his apprenticeship in the office of the Security Insurance
Company at New Haven with which company he was connected from
1882 until December, 1887, when he went to San Francisco and entered
the Pacific Coast branch office conducted jointly by the Royal, the
Norwich Union and Lancashire under Manager Edwin W. Carpenter.
He continued with the Royal and Norwich Union and with the Royal
and Queen under Manager RoUa V. Watt, and was appointed branch
secretary of the two companies in May, 1904, and assistant manager
January i, 1918. In March 1922 he was appointed New York manager
of the Royal, succeeding Frederick W. Day, deceased. Mr. Kellam was
president of the Fire Underwriters Association of the Pacific in 1906
and of the Pacific Coast Automobile Underwriters Conference in 1913,
I9i4and 1916.
KELSEY, HORATIO NELSON, manager for the United States
of America of the London and Scottish Assurance Corporation, Limited,
of London, was born at St. Mary's, Ohio. He received a common
school education, taking also a special course in Butler University,
and subsequently began his insurance career as clerk in a local agency
in Indianapolis. He first served as special a^ent of the London Assur-
ance Corporation for Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri and Kansas, and
from 1890 to 1901, was state agent of the Norwich Union Fire Insurance
Society for Indiana and Illinois. In the latter year he was appointed
assistant manager of the western department of the Sun Insurance
Office, and was appointed manager in January, 1904. In April, 19 13,
he accepted the position of United States Manager of the Hamburg-
Bremen Fire Insurance Company of Hamburg, Germany. In 1917, the
secretary of treasury appointed him manager to liquidate the affairs
of the company under the Trading with the Enemy Act, in which
capacity he continued until January 1st, 1919. In 1908 he was elected
president of the Fire Underwriters Association of the Northwest.
KELSEY, JOSEPH A., fire underwriter United States branch,
Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Company, was born at St. Mary's
Ohio. He began the insurance business in an office at Denver, Col.,
in 1880, and a year afterwards took a special agency for the New
York Underwriters Agency. On February i, 1884, he became spe-
cial agent for the Insurance Company of North America and Penn-
sylvania Fire for the state of Iowa with headquarters at Des Moines.
Two years later he was transferred to the Indiana field. In January,
1890, he was appointed assistant manager of the western department
of the Royal, with headquarters at Chitago. Beginning with the
year 1897, he organised the western department of the Aachen & Munich
at Chicago. In January, 1902, the western department was consolidated
with the eastern department in New York, and he was placed in charge
as United States manager. In 1918 he was appointed general agent for
the fire insurance branch of the Tokio, which reinsured the business
of the Aachen and Munich.
548 Cyclopedia of Insurance
KELSEY, PRESTON T., resident United States manager of
the Sun Insurance Office of London, was bom at St. Mary's, Ohio,
October 4, 1867. He graduated from the Indiana{X)lis High School,
after four years of preparatory work, and entered the insurance business
in 1 89 1 in the agency of D. W. Burrows & Co., in Chicago. He was
appointed Illinois state agent and adjuster for the Hanover in 1894, and
three years later went with the Liverpool and London and Globe in
Indiana and western Ohio. In 1899 he retired from field work to
become vice-president and manager of the Marion Trust Company
of Indianapolis, which conducted an insurance department. He was
apF>ointed assistant manager of the western department of the Sun
Insurance ODice in 1904, and manager in 1913. In February, 1919, he
was appointed to his present position. In 191 8 he was elected president
of the Fire Underwriters Association of the Northwest.
KEMP, ARCHIBALD, secretary- treasurer, and managing under-
writer of the Cleveland National Fire Insurance Company, Cleveland,
Ohio, is a native of England and was born in the county of Kent
December 14, 1875. When he was a small boy his parents brought him
to the United States, where, after attending private school, he began his
insurance career. His first connection with fire insurance began as office
boy in the western department of the Providence- Washington Insurance
Company in Chicago. Later he entered the service of the Guardian of
England as chief accountant, subse<)uently taking service with the
Union of London in a similar capacity, and graduating therefrom to
special agency work for the company, first in New York and PennsyK'a-
nia, and then in the middle west territory. When the Union retired from
the United States in 1907 he became general adjuster in the western
department of the Northern of London. Two years later he returned to
the special agency field as Ohio state agent for the Camden Fire Insur-
ance Association, and in 19 10 was appointed home office general agent
for the company. He was appointed general agent and managing
underwriter for the City of New York Insurance Company, in Novem-
ber, 19 14, but resigned in October, 19 15, to organize the local agency firm
of Wickham & Kemp, New York. He was appointed to his present
position in 19 19.
KENDALL, A. R., secretary Capital Fire Insyrance Company,
Concord, N. H., is a native of Vermont, anci was born in Windsor,
October 23, 1875. He was educated at Bradford Academy and after
two years in Dartmouth college, entered the railroad and local agency
business wgere he continued until 191 1. He then spent two years in
liability insurance as special agent and assistant manager for The
Travelers Insurance Company. In 1913, he entered the service of the
Capital Fire as special agent, remaining in the field for the company
until appointed secretary, April I, 1919.
KENNEDY, SIDNEY R., secretary of the Fidel ity-Phenix Fire
Insurance Company, New York, N. Y., is a native of New York, and
was born in Brooklyn, November 19, 1875. He is a graduate of Phillips
Andover and Yale University, and began his insurance career in the
Biographical Sketches 549
office of Weed & Kennedy, New York. Later he became special agent
for the County Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia and in 1909
took charge of the loss department of the Phenix Fire Insurance
Company of Brooklyn, and on the merger of that company with the
l«*idelity Fire remained with the merged company, and later was
placed in charge of the eastern department of the Fidelity-Phenix
Insurance Company. He was later successively superintendent of
agents, assistant secretary, secretary and second vice-president of the
Fidelity-Phenix. In 1920 he visited South America in the interests of
the American Foreign Insurance Association, and has ventured into
literary work, being co-author with Alden C. Noble of the fire insurance
novel, "White Ashes."
KINGSBURY, FREDERICK H., vice-president and secretary of
the Globe Indemnity Company, New York, was born of American
parentage at Oxford, Warren county, N. J-, June 28, 1864. He received
a common school education and began his business career as a salesman
of mine and mill supplies. He was secretary of the Pennsylvania
Casualty Company of Scran ton, Pa., ten years, a position he resigned to
become executive superintendent of the United States Casualty Com-
pany. He resigned that position in 19 12 to become general superin-
tendent of the Globe Indemnity Company, and was elected secretary
of the Company in January, 1919 and vice-president and secretary in
January, 1922. He was elected a member of Executive Committee
Board of Casualty and Surety Underwriters, 1908-1910 inclusive, and
secretary of the Board 1909 and 1910, and also secretary and member of
the executive committee Liability Insurance Association 1909.
KINGSLEY, DARWIN P., president of the New York Life Insur-
ance Company, was born at Alburgh, Vt., May 5, 1857 of English and
French ancestry. He was graduated in 1881 from the University of
Vermont, with the degree of A.B., and from the same institution
received a degree of A.M., in 188^^, LL.D. in 1904, and L.H.D. in 1916.
He was elected a trustee of the university in 1897. His experience with
the outside world began with school teacning, but, removing to Colorado
in 1 88 1, he became a newspaper editor and took an active part in poli-
tics. He was a member of the Republican National Convention in
1884. For one term, 1887-88, Mr. Kingsley was auditor of state and
superintendent of insurance of Colorado. At the expiration of his term
of office he accepted an offer from the New York Life to join its forces
in the East. He was connected with the company's Boston manage-
ment 1889-92, and on the accession of Mr. McCall as president was
called to the home office to take the important post of superintendent
of agencies. In April, 1898, he was elected a trustee and third vice-
president, and in 1903 vice-president, and was elected president in June,
1907. Mr. Kingsley is chairman of his company's finance committee,
trustee of the University of Vermont, director of the Chemical National
Bank and of the New York Trust Company, NeW York City. Three
volumes of addresses by Mr. Kingsley have been published by the New
York Life. They are "The First Business of The World and Other
Addresses," 1913; "Militant Life Insurance and Other Addresses,"
191 1 ; "Let Us Have Peace and Other Addresses," 1919.
550 Cyclopedia of Insurance •
KLINE, HENRY OSCAR, special agent of the iEtna of Hart-
ford for western Pennsylvania, is a native of Hartleton, Pa., where
he was bom March 6, 1849. He served with the 184th Pennsyl-
vania in the Civil War. After teaching school from 1866 to 1870
he entered the insurance business, serving several companies as
special and local agent, and, meanwhile, reading law. He was
admitted to the bar, but preferred the occupation of fire under-
writing, and was adjuster or special agent in turn for the Queen,
Connecticut Fire, Fireman's Fund, and iEtna. He is now the
special agent of the latter company with headquarters at Pittsburgh.
Mr. Kline was president of the Underwriters Association of the
Middle Department in 1892-93. Present Post Office address, 307
Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
KNOX, JOHN B., secretary of the Phcenix Insurance Company
of Hartford, Conn., was bom in that city April 30, 1857. He was
educated in the public schools, and at the age of fifteen years
entered the office of the Phcenix as a clerk. His whole business life
from 1872 has been devoted to that company. By successive ad-
vancements he attained a special agency in 1882, and from that year
until 1891 he had charge of the company's business in western New
England. In 1891 he was appointed assistant secretary, and January
9, 1907, secretary. Mr. Knox was chairman of the Hartford Board
of Fire Undenvxiters several years. He is also vice-president of the
Equitable Fire and Marine Insurance Company.
KNOX, J. B., JR., general agent of the Central Fire Office, Inc.
New York, N. Y., was born in Hartford, Conn., September 8, 1879.
He was educated in the public schools in his native city, and began
his insurance career there in the local agency of E. W. Beardsley.
He retired from the local agency to become secretary and surveyor of
the Hartford Board of Fire Underwriters; a position he retained until
1902, when he accepted an appointment as special agent for the Reliance
Insurance Company, later becoming special agent in Connecticut,
Western Massachusetts and Vermont for the Liverpool and London and
Globe Insurance Company. In 19 14 he was transferred as special agent
to part of New York state field and Vermont, and in August, 19 19, was
called to the New York office of the company and placed in charge of the
general brokerage business of the comp>any. In may, 1919, he became
connected with the Central Fire Office, Inc. Address, i Spring St.,
Taunton, Mass.
KOECKERT, FRED W., assistant United States manager of the
Commercial Union Assurance Company, Limited, of London, 114 Fifth
Avenue, New York. He was born in Indianapolis, Ind., August 8,
1879, graduated from the High School of that city. Commenced his
insurance career with a local fire insurance company and afterwards
entered the service 'of the western branch of the Phenix of Brooklyn,
as special agent for Indiana. When that company amalgamated with
the Fidelity of New York he was made assistant manager of the Fidelity-
Phenix at Chicago, 111. Ini9i6he was appointed manager. Western
Department, Continental Insurance Co. of New Y'ork. In 191 7 he ^'as
Biographical Sketches 551
promoted to the vice presidency of that company in New York, and of
its aJSiliated companies the Fidelity-Phenix and the American Eagle.
Received his present appointment November 1920. Member of: —
Examiners Club, Chicagp, 111., Insurance Society, New York.
KREMER, J. B., was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1876, and
attended Dickinson College, class of 1897. He began his insurance
career in a local agency in Carlisle, Pa., later accepting a position as
inspector for the Pittsburg Board of Fire Underwriters. He was
appointed special agent for the Reliance Insurance Company in 1899
and a year later went with the Liverpool and London and Globe Insu-
ance Company as special agent in the territory of the Underwriters
Association of the Middle Department. In 1908 he wa^ called to
department headquarters in New York as agency superintendent;
later becoming assistant deputy manager, and was appointed Deputy
manager in 1919. He also served as assistant secretary, secretary, and
vice-president of the Star Insurance Company of America. Resigning
these positions in 1922, he entered the Brokerage business becoming
associated with Stockweather & Shepley, General Insurance Brokers.
KURTH, WILFRED, vice-president and secretary of the Home
and Franklin Insurance Companies, New York, N. Y., is a native of
Connecticut and began his insurance career in the office of the Scottish
Union & National Insurance Company in Hartford. His early exper-
ience was what commonly falls to the lot of office boy, and after a
varied experience in the office was promoted to examiner, where his work
led to his promotion as special agent in Canada. When the Home
Insurance Company opened its Canadian department, Mr. Kurth was
appointed manager. He was appointed secretary of the Franklin Fire
Insurance Company of Philadelphia in 191 5, and a year later also
secretary of the Home Insurance Company of New York. He is
secretary of the American Foreign Insurance Association and active in
organization work, being chairman of the Actuarial Bureau of the Na-
tional Board of Fire Underwriters, and a member of the executive and
uniform accounting committees of the Board.
LaDUE, CHARLES A., secretary Security Mutual Life Insur-
ance Company of Binghamton, N. Y., was born at Cold Springs,
N. Y., March 26, 185A. He received a common school education, and
entered the railroad business, beginning as a telegrapher. He was
general eastern traveling agent of the fast freight lines, and went
with " Security " as assistant secretary in 1887. He was elected to
his present position in 1908.
LAFRENTZ, FERDINAND W., president and member of the
Board of trustees of American Surety Company of New York, entered
the service of company about twenty-seven years ago as accountant,
subsequently being elected comptroller, then vice-president and presi-
dent in 19 12. He is president of the Amsuco Securities Comi>any, the
Canadian Surety Company and Compania Mexicana de Garantias,
S. A. He is a certified public accountant; member of the Board of the
American Institute of Accountants, and president of the Board of
552 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
Examiners of Certified Public Accountants of the state of New York,
and was formerly president of the American Association of Certified
Public Accountants. He is also president of the American Audit Com-
pany, a member of the Board of Governors of the Bankers Club of
America, treasurer of the Riding and Driving Club of Brooklyn, and
member of the Montauk Club of Brooklyn, Cherry Vallev Club of Gar-
den City, and Chamber of Commerce of New York. Many years ago
he taught in the Bryant & Stratton School at Chicago, when he went
to Cheyenne, Wyoming, representing various English cattle com-
panies at that place, and was a member of the Tenth Legislative As-
sembly of that state. Became a member of the Utah bar in 1893.
LAMB, ROLAND O., late president of the John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Company of Boston. Mr. Lamb died November 14,
192 1. [See Death Roll.]
LAMEY, H. T., manager of the western department of the
British America and Western Assurance Companies of Toronto,
with headquarters at Denver, Col., was bom in northwestern Penn-
sylvania in 1856. His early vocation was journalism, which he
left to enter the insurance business in 1882 as special agent for
the Niagara Fire Insurance Company in Missouri and Kansas. In
1883 he went into the service of the British America, and in 1891
he was made manager of the western department at Denver. In
1893 the Western of Toronto was added and in 19 13 The Westchester
placed the mountain territory under his jurisdiction. Besides being
a frequent contributor to the Insurance Press and associations, he is
the author of the " Memoirs of Nat. H. Jones," a satirical biography
of an insurance agent, and also of " Side Lights," dealing with office
problems of the business.
LANE, J. VICTOR., assistant manager of the United States
department of the Northern Assurance Company, Ltd., of London,
England at New York. He entered the employ of the Liberty Insurance
Company. Was fourteen years with the Imperial Insurance Company,
Ltd., of London, England. In July 1902, he was appointed assistant
agency superintendent for the Northern Assurance Company, Ltd.,
and on January i, 1920, he was appointed to his present position.
LANE, OTHO E., president of the Niagara Fire Insurance Com-
pany, New York, was born at Franklin, Ohio. After graduating
from Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, he was for a short time,
connected with the Western Electric company at Chicago and, later,
served the Survey Bureau as a field inspector. His first company
connection was with the Traders Insurance company of Chicago
as special agent in'Wisconsin. In 1905, he went with the Providence-
Washington Insurance Company, covering Wisconsin and part of
Minnesota. In 1907, he was appointed state agent for the Scottish
Union and National Insurance Company, with headquarters at Denver,
in charge of the Mountain field, which position he held until June, 1912,
Biographical Sketches 553
when he was made assistant United States manager of the Yorkshire
Insurance Company at the New York office. He was elected vice-
president of the Niagara in February, 19 16, and later president of the
company.
LANG, GEORGE D., assistant secretary of the Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company, has spent his entire business life
in the service of the Massachusetts Mutual Life, starting as office boy
and rising to his present position. He was born in Chicopee, Mass.,
December 18, 1857, and was educated in the public schools of Spring-
field.
LARKIN, HAROLD F., secretary of the Connecticut Mutual
Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., was born in Winsted,
Conn., in 1884. He graduated from Yale University, class of 1906,
where he attained hip:h scholarship, and entered the actuarial depart-
ment of the Connecticut Mutual Life soon after graduation. He was
appointed assistant actuary in July, 1917; assistant secretary in 1918,
and to his present position in 1920. He is an associate member of the
Actuarial Society of America.
LARUE, H. W., assistant secretary of the Continental Insurance
Company, Chicago, 111., was born at Fort Worth, Texas, August 14,
1888. After a grammar school and business college education he
entered the employ of the Marshall Field & Co., Chicago, and in 1901
began his insurance career in the western department offices of the
Continental. He worked his way through various office assignments
until appointed examiner in charge of the form and recording depart-
ments in 1907. He was appointed to his present position in 1917.
LAW, GEORGE W., former member of the firm of Law Bros.,
western managers for the Royal Insurance Company, with headquarters
at Chicago, 111., was bom at Cincinnati, O., August 6, 1853. He was
educated at the old Chickering Institute, and entered the insurance
business soon after leaving school. He was appointed sole manager of
the western department of the Royal, January i, 1912. Mr. Law died
March 13, 1922.
LAWRENCE, THOMAS F., vice-president of the Missouri State
Life Insurance Company, St. Louis, was born in Hartford, February 16,
1877. He was educated in the public schools of Hartford, and was
graduated from Yale University in the class of 1899. He began his
msurance career with the iEtna Life Insurance Company soon after
completing his college course, and entered the services of the Hart-
ford Life m 1903. He was appointed assistant secretary of the com-
pany in the latter part of that year, and was elected secretary in Sep-
tember, 1907, and vice-president also in 191 1. On the amalgamation
of the legal reserve life business of the Hartford Life with the Mis-
souri State Life, in 19 13, he was elected secretary which position he
held until January 15, 19 18, when he was made vice-president of the
latter company.
554 Cyclopedia of Insurancb
LAWSON, FREDERICK W., general manager for the United
States for the London Guarantee and Accident Company, Chicago*
18 of English ancestry, and was bom in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Novem-
ber 8, 1870. He was educated in the public schools, and began his
business career in life insurance. He went to Chicago in 1892 to accept
a position with the London Guarantee and Accident, then just opening
its United States department, and was appointed United States man-
ager to succeed the late Captain A. W. Masters, in October, 1909.
LAY, ROBERT DWIGHT, vice-president, secretary and director
of the National Life Insurance Company of the United States of Amer-
ica, Chicago, was born in Chicago, September 30, 18^5. He was
educated in the public schools of Chicago and in the Michigan Mili-
tary Academy, from which he graduated in 1894. ^^^^^ ^ minor posi-
tion he worked his way to the vice-presidency of his Company in 1920.
He is also vice-president and director of the North American Cold Stor-
age Company, secretary and director of the National Life Building
Company and interested in other industrial enterprises in Chicago.
LAYTON, FRANK D., vice-president of the National Fire Insur-
ance Company, Hartford, was born at South Norwalk, Conn., of
American parentage, December 11, 1879. He was educated in
the public and high schools, and began his business career in a local
agency office in 1895. ^^ ^^^ appointed an inspector for the New
England Insurance Exchange in 1901; a year later becoming an in-
spector for the Underwriters Association of the Middle Department
and in 1903 was appointed an inspector for the National Fire. He
was successively special agent and general agent of the National in
New York and New EngUnd, was elected assistant secretary at the
home office in 1909, advanced to secretary in February, 191 8, and
elected vice-president in February, 19 19 and a director of the Company
in February 192 1.
LERCH, W. L., manager of the western departments of the Great
American Insurance Company, American Alliance, North Carolina
Home and Massachusetts Fire and Marine Insurance Companies,
Chicago, 111., was born in Canajoharie, N. Y., April i8, 1868. He
is a graduate of Northwestern College, Naperville, 111., class of 1887,
where he was also a teacher until February, 1888, when he accepted a
position in the western department of the Great American. He was
appointed second assistant manager in 1904 and on April i, 1916, was
appointed manager in association with Mr. Ingram under the name
of Ingram & Lerch. On the death of Mr. Ingram in September 1920,
he became sole manager.
LETTON, HAROLD WILLIS, general manager of United States
Branch of The Netherlands Fire and Life Insurance Company of The
Hague, Holland, and vice-president and general manager of the Great
Lake Insurance Company of Chicago, 441 Insurance Exchange, Chicago,
III. He was born in Kansas City, Mo., January 13, 1875, of American
parentage, his ancestors having come over from England several
I
1
Biographical Sketches 555
centuries ago. He was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.,
graduating in 1894; and at Yale University, graduating in 1897; and
graduated from the Harvard Law School in 1900. He practiced law
m Chicago until 1903, becoming general manager of The Netherlands
Fire and Life Insurance Company in January, 1913, and vice-president
and general manager of the Great Lakes November 1920.
LEVISON, JACOB B., president of the Fireman's Fund In-
surance Company, San Francisco, is of Holland-German descent, and
was born in Virgmia City, Nevada, October 3, 1862. He was educated
in the public schools of San Francisco, and began his insurance career
in 1878 in the office of the New Zealand Insurance Company. In 1880,
he was appointed marine clerk in the general agency of Hutchinson &
Mann, later Mann & Wilson, which position he occupied until the
organization of the Anglo-Nevada Assurance Corporation when he took
charge of the marine department of that company, becoming its * .arine
secretary in 1888. The marine business of the Anglo-Nevada was taken
over by the Fireman's Fund in 1890 and Mr. Levison became marine
secretary of the latter company. He was elected second vice-president
of the Fireman's Fund in 1900, vice-president in January, 1914, and
president in March. 1917.
LIDSTER, RALPH E., general agent, western department of
the Phoenix Assurance Company, Ltd., of London, 175 W. Jackson
Boulevard, Chicaeo, 111., was born of English parentage in Caledonia,
Boone county, 111., March 12, 1862. He received a public school
education and his early vocation was that of farming. He is also
general agent, western department for the Imperial Assurance company
of New York and Columbia Insurance Company of New Jersey.
LIPPINCOTT, HENRY C, manager of agencies for the Penn
Mutual Life Insurance Company, was born at Philadelphia, Pa.,
April 12, 1844. He is a graduate of the Central High School of that
city. In May, 1865, he was admitted to the Philadelphia bar, and
practiced law until 1869, when he removed to Colorado, where he taught
school, mined, wrote for the newspapers, and hustled generally. He
found his true vocation in life insurance, to which he has clevoted
the remainder of his life. He entered the office of the Penn Mutual,
February i, 1874, and served in various capacities until he was ap-
pointed manager of agencies in January, 1888. He is active in every-
thing that pertains to life insurance, being a trained controversialist
who delights in the gentle art of dialectics. His contributions to the
business have been many and influential, and he has been in frequent
request as a speaker by various associations. He has made the excel-
lent canvassing material of the Penn Mutual and has much to do with
its development as a company.
LITTLE, RUSSELL A., former president of the Glens Falls Insur-
ance Company, is a native of the New York city of Glens Falls and the
son of the late Russell M. Little, many years the president of the com-
pany. He was born March 14, 1849, and was educated in the common
556 Cyclopedia of Insurance
schools, and on leaving them went into the fire insurance business as a
clerk in a local agency office. He was afterward special agent for the
Royal and special and general agent for the Glens Falls, and in January,
1893, was elected its secretary and was elected vice-president in Janu-
ary, 1908, and president in 19 14. He resigned as president in 19 19.
LOCKE, SIDNEY E., vice-president of the Hartford Fire insur-
ance company, was born in Glens Falls, N. Y^ February 5, 1866.
He was educated in the Glens Falls Academy, and began his insur-
ance career in a local agency in that city in 1884. Later he accepted
a position in the home office of the Orient insurance company, and
also represented the company as special agent in New York state.
In 1890 he was appointed special agent for the Philadelphia Under-
writers in the Middle department territory, and was later assistant
secretary of the Reading Insurance Company. He was elected an
assistant secretary of the Hartford Fire in 1908, secretary in 19 10 and
vice-president in February, 1920.
LOCK, FRANK, New York, formerly resident manager of the
Atlas Assurance Company of London, was born on the Isle of Wight,
England, January 10, 1855. Practically all his business life has
been passed in insurance. He was eleven years in the home office
of the Commercial of London, four years foreign superintendent
of the Fire Insurance Association of London, two years United
States manager of that company, and since July, 1891, he has been
connected with the Atlas Assurance Company. He took an active part
in organizing the General Adjustment Bureau, of which he was the first
president. He was president of the Eastern Union from 1909 to 191 1,
and president of New York Fire Insurance Exchange in 191 5. In 19 19
the Western Department of the Atlas at Chicago was put under his
direct control. Mr. Lock retired as manager of the Atlas, March 31,
1922, and was elected chairman of the New York local board of directors.
LOEB, HENRY, second xnce-president of the Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company, has spent his entire business career
with the company, and first entered its service as stenographer in 1897,
becoming chief clerk in the policy department in 1902. He was elected
assistant secretary in 1909 and second vice-president and a director of
the company in 1914. He was born in Albany, N. Y., September
26, 1871.
LONG, GEORGE C, Jr., secretary of the Phoenix Fire Insurance
Company, Hartford, is a native of Kentucky, where he was bom in 1878.
He was educated at South Kentucky College at Hopldnsville, and
graduated from the law department of the University of Virginia in
1900, and engaged in the practice of law until 1904 when he entered
the fire insurance business. He was appointed a special agent of the
Home Insurance Company of New York in 1906, and three years later
accepted an appointment from the Phoenix, which he served in the
southern field until 191 2, when he was called to the home office as
Biographical Sketches 557
general agent in charge of the company's business in the southern
states. He was elected assistant secretary in July 19 13 and secretary,
January 19 16.
LOOM IS, JAMES LEE, vice-president of the Connecticut
Mutual Life Insurance Company, was born at Granby, Conn., Novem-
ber 3, 1878. He was educated at the New York Militaxy Academy,
Cornwall-on-Hudson, and at Yale University, from which he gradu-
ated with the degree B.A., in 1901. He was admitted to the bar in
1905, and practiced law until he entered the Connecticut Mutual in
1909 as assistant secretary. He was elected vice-president in November,
1918.
LOPEZ, JOSEPH E., former president of the Continental Insur-
ance Company of New York, was born at Uniontown, Alabama, Sep-
tember 27, 1862, and received a college education, graduating from the
University of Tennessee in the class of 1882. Prior to entering the serv-
ice of the Continental he was engaged in civil engineering, and was
elected president of the company, January i, 1 921, but resigned in
November 1921.
LOTT, EDSON S., president of the United States Casualty
Company, born in Penn Yan, N. Y., November 10, 1858; was educated
in the public schools and Penn Yan Academy; becoming in 1895 assist-
ant secretary of the company of which he is now the head, having been
elected president in 1908, following election as secretary in 1897 and
general manager in 190 1. A widely-known author and speaker on
workmen's compensation and employers' liability insurance, his
career is one of great activity. In addition to being a member of the
board of governors of the National Council on Workmen's Compen-
sation Insurance, he is a trustee of the Workmen's Compensation
Bureau, vice-president of the Safety Institute of America and a director
of the National Safety Council. Other institutions related to and
affiliated with insurance and of which he is a member include the
National Insurance Federation, of which he is a trustee; Insurance
Society of New York, of which he is vice-president; National Insurance
Institute Alliance Against Accident Fraud, of which he was vice-
president; Casualty and Surety Club of New York, of which he was
the first president; member Editorial Board, International Insurance
Encyclopedia. President of the International Association of Accident
Underwriters in 1903- 1904, he was president of the board of Casualty
and Surety Underwriters in 1908 and president of the Casualty and
Surety Social Club of New York in 1909. He is a director of the
Guardian Life Insurance Company, a director of the New Rochelle
Trust Company, a member of the Permanent Commission, International
Industrial Congress, of Paris, France, and a member of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science.
LOVEJOY, GEORGE M., vice-president of the Phoenix Fire
Insurance Company, Hartford, is a native of Maine and was born
at Waterville, August 11, 1857. He was educated at Westbrook
Seminary, and Phillips Andover Academy, and at Tufts College,
558 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Mass., from which he graduated in 1882. He began his insurance
career in Chicago in 1883, becoming connected with the German-
American Insurance Company of New York, serving that company
in various capacities^ becoming special agent in 1884. January i, 1897,
he accepted a position with the Magdeburg Insurance Company, be>
coming its western general agent, and on January i, 1899, he joined
the western department of the Phoenix as assistant general agent.
On the retirement of H. M. Magill, as manager of the company's western
department in 1901, he became joint manager with Mr. Spear, under
the firm name of Lovejoy & Spear, with headquarters at Cincinnati.
He was elected president of the Fire Underwriters Association of the
Northwest in 1895, ^i^d was elected vice-president and a director of the
Phcenix in June, 19 13.
LUCKETT, DAINGERFIELD G., secretary and general mana-
ger of the United States Casualty Company, New York, is a native of
Maryland and was born at Rockville, of American parentage, June 6,
1873. He was educated in the Rockville Academy. From 1891 to 1897
was private secretary to David B. Hill, United States senator from New
York. In the latter year he became connected with the United States
Casualty, and held successively the positions of assistant superintend-
ent of agencies, and superintendent of agencies, personal accident
department, and was appointed assistant secretary tn 1901. He was
elected secretary in 1908 and general manager in 1919.
LUDLUM, CLARENCE ALLEN, vice-president of the Home
Insurance Company of New York, was born in East Jamaica, Long
Island, N. Y., September 4, 1865- He received a public school edu-
cation, and, until accepting a position with the Home in December,
1890, was engaged in railroading and Pullman service. He was
appointed assistant secretary in December, 1903, and elected to his
present position in November, 1912. Ini9i5he was also made vice-
president of the Franklin Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia, and
elected a director of that company. In 1919 he became also a director
and vice-president of the City of New York Insurance Company.
MACAULAY, THOMAS BASSETT, president of the Sun Life
Assurance Company of Canada, Montreal, was bom at Hamilton.
Ont., June 6, i860. He entered the service of the Sun Life in October,
1877. He was appointed actuary in 1880, secretary in 1891, and be-
came director also of the company in 1898, managing director in 1908,
and in 191 5, on the death of his father, the late Mr. Robertson Ma-
caulay, he was appointed to the presidency. Mr. Macaulay is a Fel-
low (by examination) of the Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain.
He is a charter member and ex-president of the Actuarial Society of
America; a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society of England and a
corresponding member of the Institut des Actuaries Francais, Paris.
He was a representative of the Actuarial Society of America at the
International Congress of Actuaries in Brussels in 1895, in London
in 1898, in Paris in 1900, and in Berlin in 1906. He was elected vice-
president of the Congress for the United States and Canada at the
Biographical Sketches 559
Paris Congress and again at Berlin. He is also past president of the
Canadian Life Insurance OfHcers' Association. Director, National
Trust Co.; director, Illinois Traction Co.; director, Western Railways
& Light Co.; director, Dominion Glass Co.; director, Montreal
Light, Heat and Power Consolidated; director, Title Guarantee and
Trust Corporation of Canada Limited; trustee, Mount Royal Ceme-
tery Co.; governor. Congregational College of Canada. Mr. Mac-
aulay is president of the Canadian and West Indian League, an
imperial, commercial and semi-political society organized by leading
public men in Canada and the West Indian Islands to promote the
joint interests of the Dominion and of the Islands and to draw into
closer union the mother country and all other parts of the Empire;
chairman National Committee on Food Resources, Ottawa, 191 7;
honorary president Navy League of Canada.
MACFARLANE, JOSEPH H.. assistant secretary of the Niagara
Fire Insurance Company, New York, N. Y., was born at Greenock,
Scotland, and received his early insurance training in department
ofBces in Chicago. After service as examiner in the western department
offices at Chicago, he accepted an appointment as special agent for the
Newark Fire Insurance Company in the western field; later becoming
state agent in Michigan and Ohio for that company. When the Cleve-
land National began business in 19 14 he was appointed executive
special agent. In November, 191 5, Mr. Macfarlane was elected man-
aging underwriter and in February, 19 18, was chosen first vice-president,
but resigned in 1919, and later accepted his present position.
MACKINTOSH, WILLIAM, assistant manager at New York
of the Royal Insurance Company, Limited, Liverpool, England, was
bom in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, June 17, 1879. H - was educated at
the Aberdeen Grammar School, and entered the service of the Aberdeen
Office of the Royal Insurance Company, Limite , in 1896, having
spent all his business career with the same company. He was appointed
inspector for the south of Ireland in 1907, and m 1909 became secretary
of the Aberdeen office, from which he was transferred to the United
States in 1912 as secretary at New York. In April, 1919, he was
appointed assistant manager at New York. Mr. Mackintosh is also
a director of the Newark Fire Insurance Company of Newark, New
Jersey, the Royal Indemnity Company of New York and the American
and Foreign Marine Insurance Company of New York. In 19 19, he
was also appointed manager and attorney in the United States of the
Skandia Insurance Company of Stockholm, Sweden.
MADDEN, JAMES L., manager of the insurance department of
the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C.
Graduated from Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland, with the
degrees of A. B. and M. A., and from New York University as Juris
Doctor. Member of the New York State Bar. During the war,
graduated from the Second Officers' Training Camp at Fortress Monroe
and later was placed in charge of the Emergency Production Branch of
the Control Bureau and later of the Staff Section of the Ordnance
560 Cyclopedia op Insurance
Department of the United States Army. He became associated with
the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company to organize and develop the
Policyholders' Service Bureau. This organization is now rendering
an insurance educational service to group policyholders of the Metro-
politan Life Insurance Company as well as services on labor, cost
accounting, production, management and industrial research. In
1922 he was appointed to his present position in charge of the insurance
department of the National Chamber which is carrying on two distinct
fields of insurance service, first, on national problems affecting the
welfare of insurance and policyholders and second, a national policy-
holders' service. The latter also includes a systematic program tending
toward the reduction of accidents, fires, moral hazards and the conserva-
tion of health in industry.
MANLY, FRANK P., president of the Indianapolis Life Insur-
ance Company, Indianapolis, Ind., was bom in Rushford, Minn.,
May 28, 1865. He was educated in the public schools and Northern
Indiana College, from which he graduated in 1899, and later studied
law at Northwestern University. After leaving college he taught
school for several years, and began his life insurance career in 1894.
He was elected vice-president and general manager of the Indianapolis
Life on its organization in 1905, and was elected president in 191 6.
MANSFIELD, BURTON, insurance commissioner of Con-
necticut, was born in Hamden, Conn., April 4, 1856. His ancestors
were among the early English settlers in New England. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of Hamden and New Haven, and gradu-
ated from Yale University in 1875, with the de^ee of Bachelor of
Philosophy. For a year he was clerk of the New Haven probate
court, and then entered the Yale Law School, graduating in 1878 with
the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to the New Haven
bar the same year. He was active in the civic affairs of New Haven,
and is president of the Connecticut Savings Bank of that city. He
was appointed insurance commissioner in 1895, serving one term-
and was again appointed commissioner in 191 1, and re-appointed in
191 5 and 1919. He is active in the affairs of the Connecticut diocese of
the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is secretary and treasurer of the
missionary society of the diocese. He was elected vice-president of
the National Convention of Insurance Commissioners in 1914, and
president in 19 15.
MAPES, DARL D., superintendent of accident agencies, Colum-
bian National Life Insurance Company, Boston, Mass., was born in
Michigan in 1878, and was educated in the public schools of Grand
Rapids, Mich. He began his business career with Bradstreets, and
in 1905 was appointed superintendent of the company's office in Du-
luth, Minn., and three years later assumed charge of the Denver office,
having jurisdiction over the states of Colorado and Wyoming. He
began his insurance career in 19 12 as New England general a^nt for
the American Credit Indemnity Company with headquarters in Bos-
Biographical Sketches 561
ton. In 19 16 he became a partner in the firm of Greene & Mapes,
feneral agents of the home ofRce accident agency of the Columbian
National Life, and in March, 191 7, was appointed to his position with
the accident department of the Columbian National Life and on Janu-
ary 1, 1922 was appointed general agent also of the life Insurance Depart-
ment having jurisdiction over the state with offices at 402-4 Book build-
ing, Detroit, Mich.
MARKHAM, GEORGE D., senior member in the firm of W.
H. Markham & Co. at St. Louis, Mo., was born at New Haven,
Conn., July 25, 1859. Harvard University, A. B., 1881, Washington
University, LL.B., in 1891. In 1914, Harvard gave him an honor-
ary A. M. He was president of the National Association of Insur-
ance Agents from 1900 to 1902. President Missouri Association of
Local Agents 1917-1919. Vice-president of the St. Louis Chamber of
Commerce in 1917-18. Director of the Mercantile Trust Company
and the Mercantile Library Association; member of the St. Louis
City Council, 1901-5; president of the Civic League 1910; president
of University Club 19 12 and 1917-22.
MARSHALL, JOHN, JR., vice-president of the Fireman's Fund
Insurance Company of San Francisco and the Home Fire and Marine
Insurance Company of California, was bom at Glasgow, Scotland.
He was taken to dan Francisco when a youth, and at the age of
sixteen years went into the office of the Imperial, London, Northern
and Queen Insurance Companies, where he learned the rudiments of
the fire insurance business. In 1888 he became fieldman for the Queen,
Connecticut Fire and Royal Exchange insurance companies on the
Pacific Coast. In 1896 he was placed m charge of the western depart-
ment of the Royal Exchange with headquarters at Chicago, and early
in 1900 was transferred to New York as assistant United States manager
for the company last mentioned. In May, 1900, he returned to Chicago
and became a member of the firm of Marshall & McElhone, managers
of the Western department of the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company
of San Francisco. In 1908 he was elected president of the Fire Under-
writers Association of the Northwest and was secretazy of the Western
Union from 1902 to 19019. In September, 1913, was elected vice-presi-
dent of the Western Union, serving two years, and in 191 6, was elected
President of the organization, serving two years in that capacity. In
fay, 1914, was made sole manager of the Western Department of the
Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, succeeding the firm of Marshall &
McElhone. In March, 191 8, was also appointed manager of the western
department of the Home Fire and Marine Insurance Company of
California, and in November, 1919, was elected vice-president of the
Fireman's Fund Insurance Company and the Home Fire and Marine
Insurance Company and moved to San Francisco early in January,
1920, to assume the duties of his present office.
MARSHALL, WILLIAM A., president of the Home Life
Insurance Company of New York, is a director in this company and
the Nyack National Bank. At the time he entered the service of the
562 Cyclopedia of Insurance
company in 1866 he was a teacher of mathematics. His whole busi-
ness life has been devoted to this company. He was bom in the City
of New York and educated in Connecticut and New YcM-k schools.
Mr. Marshall is a charter member of the Actuarial Society of Am«r-
tea, member of the Hamilton and other dubs. He was elected presi-
dent of the company in 19 19.
MARTIN, ALFRED GOTHARD, United States manager of the
Northern Assurance Company of London, England, New York, N. Y.,
was born in Dover Plains, Westchester county, New York. He began
his insurance career as a clerk with the Norwich Union Assurance
Society, later taking a position with the Northern of London. After
acquiring a knowledge of office detail he went into the field for the
company, being appointed in 1893 special agent in the Eastern Penn-
sylvania, New Jersey and suburban New York field. A year later he
was transferred to the Western Pennsylvania and Western New York
field, subsequently becoming agency superintendent with supervision
over the New England, New York and New Jersey field. He was
appointed to his present position succeeding the Late manager, George
W. Babb, January i, 1920. He was elected president Underwriters
Association of New York State in 1908, and has served two terms as
president of Suburban Fire Insurance Exchange of New York. He
was elected vice-president of the Factory Insurance Association in 1920,
and chairman of the Explosion Conference in 1 921.
MARTIN, FRANK E., secretary of the New Hampshire Fire
Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H., is a native of that city,
where he was born of American parentage in 1863. He received a
public school education, and entered the service of the company as
an office boy in 1883, and worked his way up to his present position,
traveling through the middle and western states for the company,
and being appointed assistant secretary in 1894, with supervision
over the western interests of the company, and secretary in 1905.
MAXSON, HERBERT E., secretary of the American Eagle Fire
Insurance Company, New York, N. Y., was born in Norwich, Conn.,
March 26, 1872. He received a public school education and began his
business career as office boy with the Equitable Fire and Marine
Insurance Company of Providence, R. I., serving that company success-
ively as chief clerk, examiner and special agent in New York state. He
entered the service of the Continental Insurance Company in 1909 as
special agent in Eastern New York state, and later was for a brief
period in the service of the company's agency in Cuba. He was
appointed secretary of the American Eagle Fire Insurance Comi>any
in July, 19 1 7, having charge of the company's business in the New
England, Middle Atlantic and Southern states.
MAXWELL, SIDNEY THORNTON, secretary of the National
Fire Insurance Company, Hartford, is a native of Alabama, and was
bom in Alexander City, April 29, 1878. He was educated in the high
school and Bishop Scott Academy, Portland, Ore., and began his insur-
blOGRAPHICilL SKBTCHBS 563
ance career in a local agency at Waco, Tex. He was connected with
the general agency of Trezevant & Cochran of Dallas, Texas, as special
agent and later as executive special agent, and was called to the home
office of the National Fire as executive special agent in 191 1. He was
elected to the office of assistant secretary in 1912, and promoted to the
secretaryship of the Company in February, 19 19. He is also vice-presi*
dent of the Mechanics and Traders Insurance Company of New Orleans.
^ MAYS, JOHN G., was bom in Georgia and graduated from the
University of Georgia; he was associated with a general agency of the
Travelers Insurance Company in the southern field until 191 1 when he
entered the service of the Royal Indemnity Company as special agent
in the same field; in 19 13 was transferred to the Head office of that
company in the capacity of assistant superintendent of the Liability
and Compensation Departments and remained in that position until
November, 191 9, when he was appointed secretary of the Norwich
Union Indemnity Company with direct supervision of the underwriting
of the Liability and Compensation departments.
McALLASTER, GILMAN, assistant secretary of the New
Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H., was bom
in Bedford, N. H., and began his insurance career in the office of the
New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, and has spent his entire
business career in the service of the company. He represented the
New Hampshire Fire as special agent in Maine, Vermont and New
Hampshire for several years and until appointed to his present position.
He was an active member of the New England Insurance Exchange
and has served as a member of the executive and other important
committees.
McCAIN, W. ROSiS, assistant secretary of the iEtna Insurance
Company, Hartford, Conn., is a native of Arkansas and was born in
Monticello in 1878. After attending the Little Rock public schools, he
attended Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va., and later the
University of Arkansas, where he graduated in 1898, taking an A.B.
and A.M. degree in one year. After graduation at the University of
Arkansas, he spent two years of travel in Europe, one year studying in
Germany and a year in France. After his retum from Europe he
studied law and was admitted to the bar, but did not engage m the
practice of law. After a brief experience in the retail f umiture business
he began his insurance career with the insurance firm of A. B. Banks &
Co., of Fordyce, Ark., and was appointed the firm's representative in
Texas. Later he became assistant special agent in Texas and Arkansas
for the Phoenix Fire of Hartford. Some years later he was appointed
Arkansas state agent for the iEtna and was called to the home office,
and appointed assistant secretary in 19 19.
McCALL, LEO H., assistant secretary of the New York Life
Insurance Company is a son of the late John A. McCall, and was bom on
June I, 1879. "C entered the services of the New York Life Insurance
Company in 1909 and was later made supervisor of purchases and
chairman of the efficiency committee. He was appointed to his present
position in April, 1919.
564 Cyclopedia of Insukancb
McCALL, JOHN CHAPMAN, second vice-president of the New
York Life Insurance Company, was born January 24, 1875, at Albany,
N. Y. He was graduated from Harvard Umversity in 1899, ^^^
immediately entered the service of the New York Life as a clerk. He
was made Recorder of the Company in 1899, elected assistant secre-
tary in November, 1900, elected secretary in May, 1903, on the death
of the senior secretary of the company, Mr. C. C. Whitney, and on Octo-
ber 13, 1909, he was elected to the office of second vice-president.
McCLENCH, WILLIAM W., president of the Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company, was bom in Chicopee, Mass., April
6, 1854. He was educated in the public schools of his native town,
and in Tufts College, graduating therefrom in 1875. His early voca-
tion was that of teaching, which he left to take up the practice of Law.
As associate counsel for the Massachusetts Mutual Life he became
connected with life insurance in April, 189^, and was made general
counsel in March, 1898. He was elected a duector of the company in
1899, and second vice-president in 1905. He was elected president
on October 28, 1908, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John
A. Hall. He was elected mayor of Chicopee in 1892, and was president
of the Springfield Board of Trade in 1903 and 1904.
McCORMACK, EDWARD G., general manager Reliance Life
Insurance Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., was born in Nelson county, Ky.,
September 14, 1867. He received a public school education, and
began his business career as a druggist in Bowling Green, Ky. He
began his insurance career as a local agent for the New York Life;
later being appointed instructor of agents, and still later agency direc-
tor of the company at Evansville, Ind. In 1908 he was appointed
supervisor for the Reliance Life in Kentucky and Southern Indiana,
with headquarters at Louisville, subsequently becoming assistant
p^eneral manager at the home office. Later he was appointed super-
mtendent of agencies with headquarters at St. Louis to organize the
Middle West territory and in September, 19 12, was appointed to his
present position.
McDowell, CORWIN, president of the Eastern Casualty
Insurance Company, Boston, was born in Medina, Ohio, June 26,
1872. He is a graduate of Williams College, class of 1896, New York
Law School, 1898, and was admitted to the bar in New York. Prior
to his election as president of the Eastern Casualty Company, he was
engaged in the general insurance business in New York and Boston.
McGregor, peter DUNCAN, former manager of the western
department of the Queen Insurance Company, was born at Inver-
nesshire, Scotland, of Scotch parentage, January 13, 1867. He was
educated in the public schools of Chicago and started his business
career in the office of J. O. Wilson in 1082, and remained with him
until the western department of the Union of Philadelphia was
taken up in 1885, when he became connected with the western de-
partment of the Connecticut Fire, of which he was successively
Biographical Sketches 565
clerk, special agent, assistant manager, and associate manager. He
was appointed manager of the Queen Insurance Company in October,
1899, but resigned in February 1922, owing to ill health. He was
president of the Fire Underwriters Association of the Northwest in
1900- 1901, president of the Union in 191 5 and 1916.
McCULLOUGH, WILLIAM E., manager of the western depart-
ment of the Queen insurance Company Chicago, 111., was born in 1877,
and is a graduate of Chicago University. He began his insurance
career as office boy in the old local agency office of R. S. Critchill & Co.,
later entering the western department offices of the Niagara Fire Insur-
ance Company. After a varied office experience with the Niagara
Fire he joined the Chicago general agency firm of U. C. Kemp & Co.,
as exammer; later entering the field for the agency as Wisconsin state
agent. Later he became Wisconsin state agent for the Queen Insur-
ance Company, and in 1913 was called to the department headquarters
in Chicago as chief clerk. He was appointed assistant manager in
1920 and to his present position in 1922 on the retirement of P. D. Mc-
Gregor. He is active in underwriting organizations, and was secretary
and president of the Wisconsin Fire Prevention Association; president
of the Fire Insurance Club of Chicago, and is the author of lectures
on the standard fire policy used in institute courses. He is active in
Boy Scout work and also in Masonic circles.
McILWAINE, ARCHIBALD G., United States manager of the
London and Lancashire Insurance Company, Ltd., and president of the
Orient Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn., president London and
Lancashire Indemnity Company of America; president Safeguard
Insurance Company of New York, United States manager Law Union
and Rock Insurance Company, Ltd., was born at Petersburg, Va.,
of Sccoth-Irish extraction, September 5, 1859. He was educated
in the public schools and University School of Petersburg, and in
youth entered the service of the Petersburg Savings and Insurance
Company, from which he went to the New York Underwriters' Agency,
to be its special agent in the south. Subsequently, he was for several
years general agent for the London and Lancashire at Altanta, and in
1893 was called to the New York office to take the position of assistant
manager. He succeeded Jeffrey Beavan as manager in 1894.
McNeill, GEORGE Leonard, president Massachusetu
Accident Company, is a son of the late George E. McNeill, founder of
the company and for years prominent in insurance and labor circles,
and was bom in Boston, Mass., November 29, 1866. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of Cambridge and Somerville, Mass., and
learned the printer's trade after leaving school. He began his insur-
ance career as a clerk in the office of the company of which he is now
president, and occupied successively the positions of bookkeeper,
cashier and secretary. Upon the reoganization of the company on a
stock basis in 1908 he was elected president and general manager.
He was secretary for several years of the International Association of
Accident Underwriters, and chairman of the Geo. E. McNeill Medal
Committee of the association.
566 Ctclopbdia of Insurance
MEAD, FRANKLIN B., secretary and actuaiy of the Lincoln
National Life Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, Ind., was born of
American parentage at Greenfield, Ohio, Auffust 27, iSjf, He received
a high school and college education, attending the Umversity of Cin-
cinnati and graduating from the University of Michigan. He is a
Fellow of the Actuarial Society of America, American Institute of
Actuaries, and of the Casualty Actuarial and Statistical Society of
America. He is the author of various papers on disability insurance,
medical selection of risks and the rating ot risks for life insurance.
MEDCRAFT, R. C, fire underwriter, San Francisco, Cal., is of
English-Irish descent, and was bom on the Island of Malta, Feb-
ruary 13, 1861. He received a private school education and grad-
uated from the University of Malta in 1882. He began his business
career in fire insurance and was connected with the head office of
the Royal Insurance Company, Liverpool, and with the home office
of the Imperial, London, and later became assistant manager at San
Francisco for the latter company. He was appointed general agent
for the Scottish Union and National at San Francisco, subsequently
becoming manager of the general agency of Catton, Bell & Co., San
Francisco, representing the Union Assurance Society of London and
other companies. On January i, 19 14, he was appointed assistant
manager of the Pacific Coast Branch of the Commercial Union of
London, Palatine of London, and Commercial Union Fire of New York,
San Francisco, Cal; and in 19 19, of the Union Assurance Society in
conjunction with the above mentioned companies of the Commercial
Union group.
MEDLICOTT, WILLIAM BLISS, general agent for the Atlas
Assurance Company, Ltd., of London, for the eastern department,
was born of English- American parentage in Longmeadow, Hampden
County, Mass., September 4, 1857, and retained his residence diere
until 191 7, when he removed to Cambridge, Mass., and resides at 1654
Massachusetts Avenue in that city, having his business headquarters
at 98 Milk St., Boston. He was educated m the high school of Spring-
field, Mass., and Worcester Tech, Worcester, Mass., from which he
graduated in 1876. He taught for two years, then entered manufac-
turing business, and later b^an his insurance career in 1892. He is
a member of the New England Insurance Exchange and the Under-
writers Association of New York state. Has been active in the affairs
of the former, serving on different important committees and as an
officer. Was in charge of the adjustment of the Atlas losses by the
San Francisco conflagration and was also a member of the final com*
mittee of adjustment and appeal. He has represented his company
in connection with their Cuban and Porto Rican branches, and has
served on special commissions for the National Board of Fire Under-
writers and before State and Insurance Commissioner committees, is a
trustee of several business and educational institutions, and for ten
years was the lecturer on Fire Insurance at Harvard University, and a
member of the Faculty of the Graduate School of Business Adminis-
tration of that institution. He has been a frequent lecturer for the
Biographical Sketches 567
Insurance Institutes of America, and has delivered numerous addresses
at gatherings of insurance organizations. He is the author of a series
of papers on the "Standard Policy" and "Policy Forms and Clauses"
"Laws and Adjustments" "The Evolution of the Agency System" and
kindred subjects, which liave been published by the Insurance Insti-
tutes of America.
MEIKLE, WILLIAM BUCHANAN., president and general man-
ager of the Western Assurance Company and the British America As-
surance Company, both of Toronto, was born at Cardross, Scotland, in
i860, and was educated at the Dunbarton Academy. After two years
in a law office, he started his insurance career at the head office of the
Scottish Commercial Fire and Life Insurance Compiany, at Glasgow,
and afterwards in Birmingham and London as an official of the Man-
chester Fire Assurance company. He travelled extensively in foreign
countries for that Company and also represented it as manager of their
Asiatic Branch in Calcutta, India, where he also acted as underwriter
for several local marine companies. He returned to London as manager
for the foreign field for the Western Assurance and the British America
and removed to Toronto in 1907 to take their home office management.
In 1 9 14 he was also made vice-president and in 19 17 was elected presi-
dent of both companies. P. O. address, 1 1 1 Avenue Road, Toronto.
MEINEL, EDWARD, was born in Chicago, 111., January 38,
1869. He was educated m the public schools and in 1884 associated
himself with the Underwriters' Exchange, now the Chicago Board
of Fire Underwriters, as office boy, where he remained five years,
subsequently becoming chief clerk and accountant in the Chicago
city department of the Northern Assurance Company. Later he
was connected with the office of Ducat & Lyon, then managers of
the Home Insurance Company at Chicago, soliciting, inspecting,
and adjusting. In 1892 he became special agent of the Manchester
in the west and south, and in 1896 was made special agent of the
Continental in New York state. On January i, 1898, he was ap-
pointed assistant manager of the Manchester and assistant secre-
tary of the American Fire of New York. These positions he re-
signed in April, 1901, to accept the secretaryship of The Eagle Fire
Company of New York, and later became a member of the local
agency firm of Fred S. James & Co., New York. He retired from
the firm in 191 3 to become associated with the Insurance Company
Salamandra of Petrograd, Russia, and Second Russian Insurance
Company of Petrograd, and was president of Meinel & Wemple, Inc.,
United states manager for the above companies at New York. Mr.
Meinel died in February 1922.
MERGES, FRANCIS, president of F. Merges & Co., was born in
the City of New York, October 31, 1861. After receiving a private
school education and graduating from the College of the City of New
York, he entered the employ of a large banking institution, but in
February, 1880, decided upon an insurance career, and entered the em-
ploy of John M. Whiton as a clerk. In 1888 he received an interest
568 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in the business; in 1905 the firm name was changed to \^liiton &
Merges, and in 1912 to F. Merges & Co. He is a member of several
clubs and charitable organizations; and also a director in a number
of industrial and financial corporations.
MERRILL, ROBERT J., secretary of the United Life and Acci-
dent Insurance Company, Concord, N. H., is a native of New Hamp-
shire and was born in Claremont, October 18, 1878. He was educated in
the public schools of Claremont, where he began his business career, and
remained a resident of the town until January i, 1914, when he removed
to Concord. He conducted a general insurance agency in Claremont
from 1905 to 191 1 ; was a member of the state senate in 191 1, and of the
house of representatives of the state legislature in 1907 and 1909. He
served as court reporter in the courts of the state for several years, and
in 191 1 was appointed insurance commissioner serving as such until
November, 19 17, when he accepted his present position.
MERRITT, ALFRED L.. former assistant secretary of the Con-
tinental, Fidelity-Phenix and American Eagle Fire Insurance Compan-
ies, San Francisco, Cal., was born in Visalia, Cal., January 6, 1886, and
was educated in the public schools of Berkeley and the University of
California. His early business experience was acquired as a mining
engineer and began his insurance career in a local agency at Spokane in
1910. In 191 1 he accepted an appointment as special risk surveyor for
the Lumbermen's Indemnity Exchange in the Pacific Northwest, and
after several years special agency training in the Pacific Coast field,
entered the service of the Continental, Fidelity-Phenix and American
Eagle Insurance Com()anies in 191 , and was appointed assistant
secretary of the Pacific Coast Department in July 1920, but resigned
November 192 1 to become manager of Fire Insurance Department
of Rule and Sons Inc., General Insurance Brokers, 200 Pacific Fin-
ance Building, Los Angeles, Cal.
MIKELL, FRANKLIN M., assistant manager Southern de-
partment of the Royal Insurance Company, Atlanta, Ga., is of Scotch-
English descent, and was born at Edisto Island, South Carolina,
December 23, 1862. He was educated in private schools and at
Bethel Military Academy, VVarrenton, Va., and after an experience
in phosphate mining and mercantile business he entered fire insur-
ance in 1894, as a clerk in the Southern department of the Lancashire
Insurance Company. He was appointed special agent of the company
in 1896 for South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, subsequently having
Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee added to his
field. In 1900 he assumed charge of the states of Louisiana, Miss-
issippi and Arkansas, and on the consolidation of the Southern de-
partment of the Lancashire with their New York office, under Man-
ager Dargan he was made general agent of that company in charge
of the entire South. When the Lancashire was remsured by the
Royal he accepted a position with the Southern department of the
Phenix of Brooklyn as special agent and general adjuster. He was
appointed to his present position in 1902.
Biographical Sketches 569
MILLARD, FRANK REXFORD, secretary of the Continental,
Fidelity-Phenix and American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies, was
born in Orleans, N. Y., and after completing a high school and college
education, entered the service of the American Express Company as
clerk and messenger. Poor health took him to a lumber camp in
Wyoming where he spent two years, and returning to Chicago, entered
the service of the Continental Insurance Company in May 1870.
Later he became successively special agent and adjuster for the company
and subsequently was in charge of the company's loss department at
Chicago, from which he was transferred to the home office as manager
and secretary in charge of the company's loss department. He is the
author of the present standard tornado policy.
MILLER, WALTER E., former assistant manager of the western
department of the Great American Insurance Company, Chicago,
111., began his insurance career as inspector for the Insurance Sur-
vey Bureau under S. H. Lockett, graduating therefrom into the
field as special agent for the North British and Mercantile. Later
he spent hve years in the mountain field as special agent for the Con-
necticut Fire, later becoming New York special agent for the Con-
tinental Insurance Company. In July, 1909, he accepted a position
with the German-American as state agent in Illinois, and was ap-
pointed assistant manager on April i, 19 16, but resigned in May, 1919,
to become associated with the ott.ce of Marsh & McLennan. January i,
192 1 accepted position as Manager of the Western Department of the
Westchester Fire Insurance Company of New York.
MILLIGAN, EDWARD, president of the Phoenix Insurance
Company of Hartford, Conn., was born at Haddonfield, N. J., June
I, 1862. At the age of seventeen years he went into the insurance
agency office of J. B. Kremer & Durban, Philadelphia, as a clerk.
When he left the service of that firm years later, it was to assume
the position of surveyor in the Philadelphia office of .the iEtna of
Hartford. Here he remained until 1888, when he was offered and
accepted a special agency of the Phoenix of Hartford, with headquarters
at Philadelphia. On September 15, 1896 Mr. Milligan was ap-
pointed secretary of the company, and in January, 1907, vice-presi-
dent; succeeding Mr. Skilton as president of the company in June,
19 13. He is also a director of the company, of the Connecticut Mutual
Life Insurance Company, the New York, New Haven and Hartford
Railroad Company, The Hartford-Connecticut Trust Company, the
Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, and the
Holyoke Water Power Company. He is also president of the Connecti-
cut Fire Insurance Company.
MILLS, HAROLD FREDERICK, assistant general agent for the
Pacific coast department of the i^tna Insurance Comptany, San
Francisco, Cal., is a native of New Zealand and was born at Auckland,
October 31, 1880. He received his education in the grammar and high
schools of Sonoma county, Ca ifornia, and began his insurance career
in San Francisco in 1898. In 1906 he accepted a position as chief clerk
570 Cyclopbdu or Insurance
in the Pacific coast department of the Phenix of Brooklyn; later
representing the company in the field. He entered the service of the
^tna insurance company in 1912, and represented the company in the
mountain and California field until 19 19 when he was appointed agency
superintendent. He was appointed to his present position in 1920.
MITCHELL, JAMES F., first assistant manaeer of the United
States branch of the General Accident Fire and Life Assurance Cor-
poration, Philadelphia, Pa., was bom in Baltimore, Md., in 1877, and
received his education in the public schools of that city. His entire
business life has been devoted to the casualty insurance business, and
he began his career as office boy with the Maryland Casualty company
of Baltimore soon after leaving school. His grasp of the details and
problems of the business earned him promotion in a comparatively
few years to the secretaryship of the company; a position he resigned
to accept his present position with the General Accident in 1916. He
is a charter member of^the Casualty Actuarial and Statistical Society.
MOIR, HENRY, vice-president and actuary. Home Life Insur-
ance Company of New York, was born in Midlothian, Scotland,
February 22, 1871. He was educated in a countr>' village school,
and George Watson's College, Edinburgh, and became a Fellow of
the Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland by examination in 1892, and a
Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries, London, in 1899; was vice-presi-
dent of the Actuarial Society of Edinburgh in 1899-1900. On removing
to America in 1901. he was elected an associate of the Actuarial Society
of America, becoming a Fellow by examination in 1903 and vice-presi-
dent 1^08-10 and 191^-16. President, 1918-20; member of Insurance
Committee of U. S. Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Moir was editor of
the latest edition of "Principles and Practice;" also author of the
"Life Assurance Primer," and of many pamphlets treating of actuarial
subjects and general questions in life assurance; prize essayist at the
Institute of Actuaries 1900.
MONROE, ALEXANDER R., president Newark Fire Insurance
Company, Newark, N. J., was born in Tain, Ross Shire, Scotland, July
12, 1862, and was educated in the public schools and Gillespie College,
Edinburgh, Scotland. In 1883, shortly after his arrival in the United
States, he entered the employ of the Franklin Fire of Indianapolis, serv-
ing as assistant bookkeeper, daily report clerk, and city solicitor succes-
sively. In September, 1886, he joinecl a local agency firm at Indianapolis,
where he continued until July, 1889, when he became manager of the
insurance department of Robert Zener &. Co., remaining in this
position up to January i, 1895. On the latter date he was appointed
special agent for the Connecticut Fire in Indiana and KentucI^,
and in 1898 became Indiana state agent for the same company. In
January, 1900, he was appointed special agent for the Queen in the
same territory, and on January i, 1905, was appointed assistant mana-
ger of the company's western department, and was elected president of
the Newark Fire in 1920. He was president of the Fire Underwriters As-
Biographical Sketches 571
sodation of the Northwest in 19 10-19 ii, and was secretary and treasurer
Underwriters Salvage Company of Chicago, 111., which he resigned
when he accepted his present position.
MOORE, A. F., secretary of the Michigan Mutual Life Insur-
ance Company, was born at Buckeye Cottage, Perry county, Ohio,
June 10, i860. He was educated in the pubUc schools and at Madi-
son Academy, and began teaching school at the age of sixteen. Later
he published The Independent, at New Lexin^on, O. He entered the
service of the Michigan Mutual Life as clerk in the investment depart-
ment in 1892, and was promoted to manager of that department in
1894. He was elected to his present position in 1901.
MOORE, C. I. D., vice-president of the Pacific Mutual Life Insur-
ance Company, Los Angeles, Cal., is of Irish-Canadian descent and
was born near Toronto, Can., February 16, 1865. He received a high
school and collegiate education, graduating from Victoria University
in 1888. He engaged in teaching and was for three years an instructor
in a boy's academy in Tokio, Japan, and later was in char;^e of the
public schools of Santa Monica, Cal. He entered the life insurance
business in 1902, entering the service of the Conservative Life Insur-
ance Companv of Los Angeles, and after several years spent in field
and office work, was appointed assistant secretary of the Pacific Mutual
Life, and was elected secretary in 1907 and to his present position
in 1920.
MOORE, HOWARD P., manafi:er of the American Foreign Insur-
ance Association, New York, N. Y. has spent his entire business
life in fire insurance, beginning his experience in the office of the People's
Fire Insurance Company in Manchester, N. H. In November, 1893,
he accepted a position with the Home Insurance Company of New
York as special agent in the eastern New York field with headquarters
at Albany. In 19 12 he was called to the home office of the company
as assistant secretary. He assisted in adjusting the Home's losses in
the conflagration in Baltimore in 1904 and San Francisco in 1906. He
was appointed an assistant secretary of the Franklin Fire Insurance
Company in 1915 when control of that company was acquired by the
Home. On the organization of the American Foreign Insurance
Association he was selected to investigate foreign fields and travelled
extensively in Australia, India and other sections of the far east in the
interests of the Association, and on his return in 19 19, was appointed
manager of the Association.
MOORE, THOMAS C, assistant United States manager of the
General Accident Fire and Life Assurance Corporation, Philadelphia,
Pa., was bom at La Porte, Ind., May 9, 182^0 He was educated in
the public schools of that city and began his business career on the
Board of Trade, Chicago. He moved to Duluth, Minn., in 1890 and
after a year's banking experience became connected with the Duluth
Inspection Bureau, and later entered a local agency in that city. In
1894 he became connected with the western department offices of the
572 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Royal at Chicago, and later entered the service of the Aacheif and
Munich Fire Insurance Company, subsequently becoming agency
sup>erintendent of that company's United States branch. In 1907 he
accepted the appointment 01 superintendent of agents for the German-
American Insurance Company in Canada, and in July, 1913. was elected
vice-president of the Potomac Insurance Company of Washington,
D. C, which is owned by the General Accident; a position he still
retains. He became directly connected with the General Accident in
September, 191 5, when he was appointed assistant United States
manager.
MOORE, WILMER L., president Southern States Life Insurance
Company, Atlanta, Ga., was born in Decatur, Ga., April 13, 1868. After
completing his education at the University of Georgia, from which he
paduated in 1889, he entered mercantile business and has been active
in the commercial life of Atlanta for a number of years as a member
of the Brm of Moore, Marsh, which was succeeded by the firm of Wil-
mer L. Moore & Co., one of the largest wholesale dry goods houses
in the southern states. He was elected president of the Southern
States Life on its organization in 1906, and later retired from the
mercantile business to assume active control of the insurance com-
pany. He was president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce in 19 12-
13 and is a director of the Lowry National Bank.
MORAY, NORMAN R., \4ce-pre8ident and general manager of
the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company, Hartford, Conn., was
born in Brockville, Ontario, April 21, 1878. He acquired his insurance
experience in the service of the United States Fidelity and Guaranty and
the National Surety Company, later becoming vice-president of the
Great Eastern Casualty Company, which office he resigned in 19 14 to
accept his present position.
MORCOM, CLIFFORD B., secretary of the Aetna Life Insurance
Company, accident and liability department, was born in Cleveland,
Ohio, May 29, 1885. His entire business career has been with the
Aetna Life, and he entered the service of the company following his
graduation from the Hartford Public High School in 1902. He was
appointed assistant secretary of the company in February, 19 13, and
to his present position in May 192 1.
MORIARITY, M. E., assistant secretary of the Continental and
the American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies, New York, N. Y., was
born in Newry, County Down, Ireland, August I, 1873. He was
educated in Ireland, and entered business there, but coming to the
United States in 1890 began his insurance career as office boy with
che Providence Washington Insurance Company. In 1893 he entered the
service of the Guardian Insurance Company of London; later entering
the otiice of the North British and Mercantile Insurance Company,
and in 1905 became an examiner for the Phenix Insurance Company
and on the merger of that company with the Fidelity Fire con-
tinued with the merged company doing office and field work. He
Biographical Sketches 573
was appointed assistant secretary of the Fidelity-Phenix Insurance
Company in 191 7, and in January i, 1920 was appointed to his present
position.
MORRIS, EDWARD BONTECOU, actuary of the Travelers In-
surance Company, Hartford, is a son of John E. Morris, former secre-
tary of the company, and was born in Hartford, Conn., Aueust 16, 1875.
He was educated in the public schools of Hartford and at Yale, graduat-
ing from the Sheffield Scientific School in 1897. He entered the actuarial
department of the Travelers in 1898; was made assistant actuary in
1906; and actuary of the life department in April, 19 14. He is a Fellow
of the Actuarial Society of America, the American Institute of Actuaries,
the Casualty Actuarial and Statistical Society of America, the Royal
Statistical Society of London, and a member of the American Statistical
Association, the American Mathematical Society and the Royal
Economic Society. He is also a member of the Hartford Golf Club, and
University Club.
MORTON, JOHN BENJAMIN, second vice-president of the
Fire Association of Philadelphia, was born in Philadelphia, April i,
1848^ and was educated in the public and high schools of his native
city. He began his business career in fire insurance as a clerk in a
local agency office, and entered the agency department of the Fire
Association as clerk in 1873.
MOULTON, CLARENCE EGERTON, actuary National Life
Insurance Company, Montpelier, Vt., was born at Randolph, Vt.,
September 29, 1863. He was educated in the Randolph high school
and Dartmouth College, from which he graduated in 1889. He be-
gan his insurance career in the service of the National Life first as
ookkeeper, later becoming assistant treasurer. He is also secretary
of the Board of School Commissioners of Montpelier.
MOWRY, BENJAMIN R., former joint manager of the United
States Branch of the Svea Fire and Life Insurance Company of Got-
henburg, Sweden, was born in Providence, R. I., November 5, 1872.
He received a public and private school education, and began his
insurance career in the office of the Providence-Washington Insurance
Company, remaining in the service of the company fourteen years.
He resigned from the company's service in 1902 to become manager
of the insurance department of the real estate firm of Isaac L. GofI
& Co., Providence, and it was there that his services with the Svea
began. He entered the field as special agent for the company in
Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut in 1904, and a year
later entered the local agency field in Providence, becoming junior
partner in the firm of James F. Freeman & Co., continuing his field
work however. In 1907 he withdrew from the local agency field to give
all his time to field supervision for the comi>any, having New York
territory added to his former field. He resigned from the service of
the Svea in August, 191 1, to become New England special agent for
the Fire Association, but soon after he was persuaded to re-enter the
service of the Svea, as assistant to the United States manager with
574 Cyclopbdia of Insurance
the title of superintendent of agencies. On the death of manager Dun-
can in April, 191^, he became acting manager, and on January i,
1916, he was appomted joint manager of the company's United States
branch office, but resigned June 15, to become assistant manager of the
Re-insurance Bureau, New York, 100 William Street, New York.
MULLER, WILLIAM A., head of the William A, Muller & Co.,
Corporation, Boston, and president of the Dorchester Mutual Fire
Insurance Company, was born April 26, 1867. He is a graduate of
Harvard, 1891, and began business as an independent broker in 1892.
In 1896 he established a Boston agency, represented the Svea Fire
and Life Insurance Company and later the Indemnity of New York, the
Glens Falls Insurance Company and others. April i, 1916, he pur-
chased control of the Boston agency of Crain, Jones, Bixby & Company
and consolidated the two businesses under the style of William A.
Muller & Co., Corporation.
MUNN, JOHN PIXLEY, president of the United States Life
Insurance Company of New York, was bom in 1847 at Gates, near
Rochester, N. V. After graduating from the University of Roches-
ter, he entered the Bellevue Medical College, securing a degree there-
from in 1876. Locating in New York City, Dr. Munn began and
continued the practice of his profession. His connection with the
United States Life dates from 1877, when he entered its employ as
examining physician. For many years he was its medical director
and member of the board of directors. In 1902 Dr. Munn was elected
president of the company in succession to George H. Burford, re-
signed.
MYERS, RAWDON WRIGHT, secretary of the ^tna Casualty
and Surety Company, Hartford, was born in Wells, Minnesota, June
II, 1884. He was educated in the public schools of St. Paul, Minn.,
and began his insurance career in the office of the National Suretv
Company in 1904, becoming assistant superintendent of the company s
burglary insurance department, a position he resigned in 1908 to Income
superintendent of the burglary insurance department of the ^tna Acci-
dent, which department he organized. He was appointed assistant
secretary of the company in 191 1 and secretary in 1914.
NASON, FRED E., vice-president of the John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Company of Boston, Mass., was born in Lynn, Mass.,
August 18, 1872. He entered the service of the John Hancock Mutual
Life Insurance Company in May, 1892, and was successively promoted
to be chief clerk early in 1895, second assistant secretary in February
1902, assistant secretary in February, 1903, secretary in February,
191 7, vice-president in 1920, was elected a Director of the company in
1922.
NEELY, CHARLES HOFFMAN, manager and attorney for the
United States of the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation of
London, England, and President of the Columbia Casualty Company of
Biographical Sketches 575
New York, was bom in Iowa. He entered the insurance business in
i8p2, associated with his brother, R. M. Neely, as state agents for
Minnesota of the Standard Accident Insurance Company. In 1894 he
was appointed general agent for Minnesota and Wisconsin of the
Employers Liability Assurance Corporation, and in 1901 he accepted
the general agency of The Ckrean Accident and Guarantee Corporation
for Pennsylvania. In 1902, he went with the Ocean Accident as general
manager for Canada at Toronto, and in 19 18 he was transferred to
New York as manager and attorney for the United States.
NEILEY, GEORGE, underwriter, was bom in Boston, Tuly i,
i860, and received his education in the Boston public schools. He
served a clerical apprenticeship in a lawyer's office for over five years,
after which he entered the office of Scull & Bradley as a loss clerk. In
1889 he was appointed special agent of the Royal and Pennsylvania in
Connecticut, with headquarters at Hartford, and a year later became
New England special agent for the same companies with Field &
Cowles of Boston. He was elected president of the New England
Insurance Exchan^ in January, 1901, and re-elected in January,
1902, his term expiring in 1903. Admitted to membership in firm of
Field & Cowles, representing Royal Insurance Company, Ltd., and
Royal Indemnity Company and Newark Fire Insurance Company
for the New England states, July i, 19 10.
NELSON, J. ARTHUR, president New Amsterdam Casualty
Company of New York, executive offices Baltimore, Md., was born in
Baltimore County, Md., January 27, 1876. He was educated in the
public schools and McDonogh Institute, Maryland, from which he
graduated in 18^2. Entered fire insurance business, in which he was
engaged in vanous capacities for ten years. In 1902 entered the
surety insurance field as special agent for the Fidelity and Deposit
Company of Maryland. He was vice-president of the Fidelity and
Deposit Company from 1910 to 1912, and president of the Philadel-
phia Casualty Company from 1910 to 1912, during which time its
affairs were being liquidated, having been taken over by the Fidelity
and Deposit Company. In 19 13 organized the American Indemnity
Company of Baltimore to engage in general surety and casualty busi-
ness, and purchased the New Amsterdam Casualty Company of New
York. The American Indemnity Company is not engaged in any
business except as a holding corporation. He is also interested in sev-
eral banking institutions and mercantile enterprises in Baltimore.
NEWELL, WILLIAM H., secretary of the iEtna Life Insurance
Company of Hartford, was bom in Hartford, February 20, 1852. He
entered the office of the Mtna. Life in 1888, was elected assistant sec-
retary in November, 1905, and to his present position in February,
1917.
NOTTINGHAM, CHARLES A., joint manager of the Eastern
Department of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Com-
pany at Newark, N. J., commenced his insurance career nearly twenty
years ago at the head office of the Central Insurance Company, Ltd., of
576 Cyclopedia of Insurance
London, England, which company is now controlled by the Liverpool
and London and Globe Insurance Co., Ltd. He served both these
companies with distinction in various positions in London, Glasgow
and Birmingham, where he obtained a wide and valuable experience in
fire underwriting, field work of every description, and a very good
general training in inside work. In 19 lo he was appointed assistant
manager of the Central at its important Birmingham office, which was
originally its head office. Hugh Lewis, general manager of Liverpool
and London and Globe Insurance Co., Ltd., was then general manager
of the Central and also London manager of Liverpool and London and
Globe, and in 191 1 called Mr. Nottingham to London, where he gained
a good knowledge of secretarial and managerial work. He spent some
two years in the foreign department, subsequently returning to Birming-
ham as assistant manager for Liverpool and London and Globe, of which
he was made manager early in 191 7. In 192 1 he was still further
promoted to his present position.
NOURSE, EVERETT W., assistant manager of the London
Assurance Corporation of London, New York, N. Y., is a native of New
York and began his business career with the American Tobacco Com-
pany. In 1902 he entered the service of the Northern Assurance Com-
pany. He organized the company's special risk department in 1908,
and was in charge of that department until January 1920, when he was
appointed general agent by the London office. He was chairman of the
executive committee of the Sprinkler Leakage Conference following
two years service as chairman of the Conference and active in all
associated efforts having to do with special hazards. He was appointed
to his present position December i, 192 1.
OFFENHAUSER, FREDERICK WILLIAM, former president
of the National Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents, Texarkana,
Texas, is a native of Ohio, and was bom at Chillicothe, of German
parentage, August 2, 1861. He was educated in the public schools of
Shelbyville, 111., and at the age of eighteen removed to Texarkana,
where he found employment in a drygoods store, and a year later began
his insurance career in a local agency. He is a director in various
business corporations, and was elected president of the National
Association of Local Agents at its annual meeting in 1907 and has also
served as president of the Arkansas and Texas state associations.
OSBORN, RUSSELL WIGHT, former general agent for the Pacific
Coast for the North British and Mercantile, the Pennyslvania Fire,
Commonwealth and the Mercantile of America, was bom in Sacra-
mento, Cal., January 18, 1861. He received a public and high school
education, and began his insurance career as office boy in October, 1878,
and filling all positions in office and field. Before entering insurance he
engaged in the hardware business for a brief period, and for two years
engaged in the study of law. He has written numerous papers for the
Fire Underwriters Association of the Pacific and was its president in
Biographical Sketches 577
1897, and was president of Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific in
191 5. He retired as Pacific Coast Manager of the above companies, in
1922.
PACKARD, JOHN. HOOKER, former president of the American
Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia, was born in Philadelphia.
Mav 9, 1865. He received his education in the Episcopal Academy 01
Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania. His business career
was begun as errand boy and clerk in the insurance agency of Thomas C.
Foster in Philadelphia in 1884, and later in the same year he entered
the employ of the American Fire as general clerk. He was appointed
city inspector in 1886, and did sp>eciar agency work for the company in
Delaware. In 1895 he was appointed metropolitan district surveyor
with headquarters in New York, for the London Assurance Corporation,
and was appointed manager for Philadelphia and the suburban district
of the Sun Insurance Office and London Assurance in 1896. He was
assistant secretary of the Philadelphia Fire Underwriters Association
from 1897 to 1902, when he was elected vice-president and secretary of
the American Fire of Philadelphia, and in 1905 was elected presi-
dent of the company to succeed Thomas H. Montgomery, but
resigned later in the same year, following a change in the stock
control of the company, and was appointed agency secretary of the
London Assurance Corporation, September 5, 1907, and on February i,
1920, assistant' manager. On the death of Charles Lyman Case,
manager, June 25, 1921, he was appointed United States manager.
PALACHE, WHITNEY, former associate general agent of
the Pacific coast department of the Hartford Fire Insurance Com-
pany, was born at San Francisco in 1866, and until 19 13 had lived in
California. He was obliged to leave college at the end of his
sophomore year in 1885 on account of ill health. He filled several
clerical positions from that time up to November, 1888, when he
was appointed special agent for the Union Insurance Company of
San Francisco. In 1890 he was appointed special agent for the
Hartford Fire, with the northwestern states of the Pacific depart-
ment under his supervision. He held this position until July, 1895,
when Mr. Cofran was called to the Chicago department. H. K.
Belden was made sole manager of the Pacific department, and Mr.
Palache was appointed assistant manager. His residence was at
Berkeley, Cal. June i, 1902, Mr. Palache was promoted to associate
manager, and from that date the Pacific department of the Hart-
ford was conducted by the firm of Belden & Palache, managers.
By the sudden death of Mr. Belden on May 26, 1903, Mr. Palache
was left in sole charge of the department until October ist, when
Mr. Dixwell Hewitt was appointed associate general agent. Up to
July, 19 13, the business was conducted under the firm name of
Palache & Hewitt, general agents. He was elected a vice-president
of the company in July, 19 13, and moved his residence to Hartford,
Conn., the following September. In February, 1920, he resigned this
position to become United States manager of the Commercial Union
578 CfCLOPBDiA OF Insurance
Assurance Company, Limited, of London, the Palatine Insurance
Company, Limited, of London, the Union Aiwurance Society, Limited,
of London, and president of the Commercial Union Fire Insurance
Company of New York.
PAPPS, PERCY C. H., mathematician of the Mutual Benefit Life
Insurance Company, was born at Hamilton, Ontario, Can., May 12,
1876. He was educated at Trinity College School, Port Hope, Ontario*
and began his insurance career in the actuarial department of the
Canada Life Assurance Company in 1893. He was appointed assist-
ant actuary of the company in 1002, and from 1903 to 1907 was actu-
ary of the Manufacturers' Life Insurance Company of Toronto. He
was president of the Insurance Institute of Toronto in 1906-7, and is
a Fellow of the Actuarial Society.
PARKER, JOHN M., Jr., secretary of the accident and liabil-
itv department of the Mtna, Life Insurance Company, is a native of
Hartford, where he was bom June 29, 1866. He became connected
with the iEtna Life in 1891, and was made assistant secretarv in the
accident and liability department in 1 904, and secretary of the same
department in February, 1905.
PARRISH, EDWIN, fire underwriter, San Francisco, Cal., was
born in Johnstown, Fulton county, N. Y., October 30, 1861, and was
educated in the public and high schools of Johnstown. He went to
California in 1880 and engaged in mining, and six years later
accepted an appointment as local agent at Nevada City, Cal. In
1888 he removed to San Francisco to accept a clerical position in the
eeneral agency of Wm. J. Landers, and filled the different positions
m the omce; being appointed superintendent of agents in 1906. In
April, 1908, he was appointed joint manager of the Pacific coast
branch of the London Assurance Corporation and joint manager of the
Pacific coast department of the Niagara Fire Insurance
Company, and in December, 1912, he became sole manager of the
Pacinc coast department of the Niagara Fire Insurance Company,
the Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and the Niagara-
Detroit Underwriters, which position he now holds.
PARTRIDGE, FRANK T.. secretary. New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company, of Boston, Mass., was born in Maiden, Mass.,
July 21, 1866. He entered the service of the company in 1884 as clerk;
was manager, Rhode Island General Agency, 1 897- 1898, and was
appointed agency inspector in 1904; assistant superintendent of
agencies 1908; elected assistant secretary in 1914-1922, assistant to
the president in 1919 and company secretary 1922.
PASSMORE, LINCOLN K., former vice-president of the Penn.
Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, was born in Mary-
land in September, 1850, of Quaker stock, and after obtaining a fair
education, mostly from private instruction, he taught school for four
years and then turned his attention to commercial pursuits. Going to
Philadelphia in 1874, he entered the office of Peter Wright & Sona»
Biographical Sketches 579
being finally made manager of the export ^in department. At
the end of eight years, Mr. Passmore engaged m business on his own
account, eventually becoming a partner in one of the largest sea-
board grain exporting houses. In 1889 he became a trustee of the
Penn Mutual Life, and has served on several of its important commit-
tees. For several years he has been a director in the Bank of North
America, and is also a director in several other financial and commer-
cial institutions, including the Philadelphia Bourse, of which he is
vice-president. In June, 1903, he was elected second vice-president,
and since then has given his whok time to the agency development
of the company. He was made vice-president in September, 1906,
but retired in April 1922.
PEABODY, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, president of the Mutual
Life Insurance Company of New York, was born in New York City,
April II, 1849. He was prepared for college at the Columbia Gram-
mar School and entered Columbia with the class of 1869. After grad-
uating in 1869 with the degree of A.B. he took the Nlaster's de^ee,
and suter two years' study in the Columbia Law School he received
the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1871,
and has been a practicing attorney in New York City, and has for
many years been the legal and personal representative of William
Waldorf Astor in the United States. He is a director of the Farmers'
Loan and Trust Company, Union Pacific Railway Company, Dela-
ware and Hudson Company, Illinois Central R. R. Companv, Guar-
anty Trust Company, Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Company, Wells, Fargo
& Company, and a director in other corporations, and is also a mem-
ber of the University, Metropolitan, Down Town, and Tuxedo clubs.
He was elected president of the Mutual Life on the retirement of Mr.
McCurdy in December, 1905.
PEPPER, J. G., manager of the Southern Department of the
Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, New Orleans,
La., was born in Savannah, Ga., in 1864 and began his insurance career
in a local agency in that 'city. He was called to the New Orleans office
of the Liverpool and London and Globe in 1884, where he served the
company in various capacities in office and field, and was appointed
deputy assistant secretary in 1892. He was appointed assistant secre-
tary four years Istter, and appointed manager of the company's Southern
Department on the retirement of manager Low, January i, 1922.
PERKINS, CHARLES R., assistant manager of the North
British and Mercantile Insurance Company, vice-president of the
Mercantile Insurance Company of America, the Commonwealth
Insurance Company of New York and the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance
Company, 76 William Street, New York City, was born May 24, 1868
in New York city and educated in the public schools. He started with
the Liverpool, London and Globe Insurance Company in 188^ as file
clerk. He left in 1887 to go with the Phoenix of London at the local
counter, graduating to the Agency Department as daily re^rt examiner
in charge of the Middle and Southern States. He was assistant general
580 Cyclopedia of Insurance
aeent when he left in 1897 to become superintendent of agencies of the
Magdeburg of Germany with supervision of the underwriting for the
entire United States. He was also assistant secretary of the Magdeburg
of New York. After the retirement of these companies from the
United States he went to the North British and Mercantile in February,
1902 as Eastern General agent. In April, 191 1, he was made deputy
assistant manager and in May, 191 8, an assistant manager of the
North British & Mercantile, and vice-president of the Mercantile
Insurance Company of America, the Commonwealth Insurance Com-
pany, of New York and the Pennsylvania Fire.
PHILLIPS, HENRY L., manager of the Factory Insurance
Association, Hartford, was born of American parentage in Wor-
cester, Mass., August 20, 1871. He received a common and high
school education and graduated from the Worcester Polytechnic
institute in 1893, and the following year became an inspector for
the Factory Insurance Association. He was appointed assistant
manager in 1903 and manager in 1904. He was vice-president of
the Insurance Institute of Hartford, is a member of the Hartford
Club, Hartford, an associate member of the National Association
of Cotton Manufacturers and the American Cotton Manufacturers
Association. He was elected president of the National Fire Protec-
tion Association in 191 2.
PHILLIPS, JESSE S., was born in the town of Independence,
Allegany county, N. Y., May 4, 1871. His early boyhood was spent
on his father's farm. He received his early education in district schools
and the Andover High School, from which he graduated with high hon-
ors. He later entered the University of Michigan, for a course in law,
from which institution he was graduated in 1893. The year following
his graduation, he was admitted to practice, and opened a law office at
Andover, N. Y., where he was very successful in the practice of his pro-
fession. In 1898, he was elected supervisor of Andover, and in 1899 was
relected for two years, and during his three Years' experience as super-
visor, he served on several important committees, and was recognized
as a leader on that Board. In 1900 he was nominated and elected a
member of the legislature from Allegany county and represented
the county in the state legislature continuously until 19 12. During
this period, he was a member of numerous important committees,
including the Ways and Means, Rules, Codes and Judiciary, of which
latter two he was chairman for several sessions. He was also a member
of the Special Joint Educational Committee of the Senate and Assembly
in 1903, which recommended the unification educational system now in
force in this State, and vice-chairman of the Special Joint Legislative
Committee appointed in 1909 to investigate the direct primary system.
In 19 1 2, he declined a re-nomination to the State L^slature, and
moved to Hornell, N. Y., where he formed a law partnership with
Fred A. Robbins and Shirley E. Brown. Two years later, he became
the head of the law firm of Phillips, Brown & Greene, of which firm
he was the senior member at the time of his appointment as superioi*
Biographical Sketches 581
tendent of insurance by Governor Whitman in April 19 15. In Septem-
ber, 19 1 6, Mr. Phillips was elected president of the National Convention
of Insurance Commissioners, an organization composed of the insurance
supervising officials of the various states, and served as president until
September 191 7. In 1918, upon the expiration of his first term as
Superintendent of Insurance, he was reappointed for a second term, and
recently was appointed by Governor Miller for a third term. With
the exception of the first Superintendent of Insurance, Mr. Phillips
is the only man who has been honored by appointment for a third
term. On November ist, 1 921, Mr. Phillips resigned as superintendent
in insurance to accept a position as general manager and counsel of the
National Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters, an organiza-
tion comprised of 23 of the leading stock casualty companies. He was a
delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 191 5 and
acted as chairman of the Committee on Library and Information,
ranking member of Legislative powers, and a member of the Committee
on Banking and Insurance. He is, and for some years has been, the
president of the Burrows Nationa Bank of Andover, N. Y., and is also
one of the directors of the first National Bank of Hornell, N. Y.
PICKELL, CHARLES WARREN, Detroit, Mich., manager for
the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, was' born in
Hopewell, Ontario county, New York, September 25, 1856, and received
his education in the public schools and normal college. He was reared
on a farm and after completing his education taught school, and was
also superintendent of public schools. He entered the life insurance
business in December, 1887 for the Penn Mutual in Grand Rapids,
Mich. Became manager of the Massachusetts Mutual at Detroit in
1891, honorary member of Canadian National Life Underwriters'
A^ociation, and several local associations in the states. He is the
author of ''Plain Hints' | and "Plain Reasons," for field men, and
numerous essays on life insurance.
PIEPER, EMIL G., was bom in New Jersey in September,
1872, receiving his education in private institutions in both Brook-
lyn and New York City, N. Y. For the past twenty-eight years he
has been in the insurance business, first engaging with the New
York Bowery in July, 1888, and remaining in said office until Jan-
uary, 1894, at which time he entered the office of R. C. Rathbone
& Son, of New York City, where he filled various office positions,
and at the time of his leaving that office October, 1903, was secre-
tary of the National Standard Insurance Company, and assistant sec-
retary of the Assurance Company of America. He then accepted the
position as special agent of the American Insurance Company of
Boston, to cover New England and New York states, making his
headquarters at Boston, Mass., and remaining with that company
until their retirement from business in consequence of the con-
flagration in San Francisco, April, 1906, where he adjusted their losses,
returning to the East in December, 1906, to become the secretary of the
Rhode Island Insurance Company. In 19 11 he was elected vice-presi-
dent and secretary of this company, which position he now holds, in
582 Cyclopedia of iNsiniANCE
addition to being the vice-president and manager for Starkweather &
Shepley« Inc., who are the United States managers of four large French
Companies, viz: — The Union, The Nationale, The Phenix and The
Abeille Fire Insurance Companies of Paris, France.
PIERCE CURTIS W., secretary of the Continental, Fidelity-
Phenix and American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies in charge of
the engineering department, New York, N. Y., was born in Brooklyn
in 1880; and began his insurance career in 1900 as engineer and field
man with the Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies
in Boston. In 19 12 he entered the service of the companies with which
he is now connected as field engineer with headquarters in Boston,
and in 1918 was called to the home office in New York and placed
in charge of the companies engineering department. He was a member
of the War Industries Board in Washington.
PITCHER, CHARLES R., assistant manager Royal Insurance
Company, 84 William Street, New York, N. Y., was born in Brooklyn,
N. v., March 29, 1870. He began his insurance career in a brokerage
office in 1888, and lour years later entered the service of the Royal
Insurance Company, serving the company in various capacities. He
was appointed branch secretary in 19 15 and to his present position in
19 19. He is president of the Insurance Society of New York, and active
in other organizations of underwriters.
PLATT, JOHN OSGOOD, vice-president of the Insurance Com-
pany of North America, was born June 21, 1874. He received a
private school education, and commenced his business career by
entering the services of this company in 189 1, and was elected to his
present position in 19 16.
PORTER, CLARENCE E., entered the insurance business in
Philadelphia, after being educated in the schools of that city, as <derk
in a local agency, working up to chief clerk and leaving it to take a
position with the Spring Garden Insurance Company of Philadelphia,
working up through various positions in that omce, to special agent,
assistant secretary, secretary and president in 1903. He was also elected
president of the American Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia,
December ist, 1905. Upon the amalgamation of the Spring Gsu-den
Insurance Company and the Insurance Companv of the state of
Pennsylvania, under the later title, he was elected president of that
company, which position he held until his resignation in August, 1913,
to accept assistant managership of the Commercial Union Assurance
Company, Ltd., of London; Tne Palatine Insurance Company, Ltd.,
of London; Union Assurance Society, Ltd., of London and the Hand-in-
Hand Underwriters, to which positions he was appointed tw the Head
Office in London, and was also elected vice-president of the Commercial
Union Fire Insurance Company of New York. He was appointed
manager of the western department of the Commercial Union and
allied companies at Chicago, 111., January i, 1921, from which he
resigned in March 1922 and became first vice-president and a director
of the Alfred M. Best Company Inc., New York.
\
Biographical Skbtchbs 583
POST, CHARLES HENDERSON, United States manager for
the Caledonian of Edinburgh, was born at Derby, Conn., May i6, 1856.
At the age of thirteen years he went to New York to seek employment,
and found it in a publication house. In 1 872, at the age of sixteen years,
he entered the insurance agency office of Neafie & Terwilliger at Ellen-
ville, N. Y., and four years later was taken into the firm and given a
third interest therein. Two years later he went into the field as special
agent for the Continental. In 1884 a department for New York and
adjacent states was created by the Washington Fire and Marine of
Boston, and Mr. Post was appointed manager. When the business of
this company was reinsured in 1888 the Niagara Fire took over that
portion applying to the territory of Mr. Post and appointed him agency
manager and later he became a secretary of the company. The Niagara
Fire and Caledonian combined for agency business in March, 1892, the
Caledonian appointing the four officials of the Niagara Fire as joint
managers of such company, of which Mr. Post was one. When such
combination was dissolved in 1894, Mr. Post received the appointment
of United States Manager of the Scottish Company. He is also presi-
dent of the Caledonian-American Insurance Company.
POTTER, WILFRID C, secretary of the Preferred Accident
Insurance Company, New York, is a native of Virginia, and was born
at Alexandria, February 10, 1861. He received his education at
St. Johns Military Academy, Virginia, and began his insurance career
in 1882. In 1886 he became a local agent of the Preferred Accident,
and has since retained his connection with the company, " gradu-
ating " from the local agency field to a state agency, and in turn to
the position of ap;ency supervisor and superintendent of agents. He
was elected to his present position in 1906 and in 1920 was elected
secretary of the Atwood Fire Insurance Company, New York.
PRESCOTT, WILLIAM R., general agent Hartford Fire Insur-
ance Company, Atlanta, Ga., was born in Columbus, Ga. He began
his insurance career in local agency and department ofhces in Atlanta,
and in 1889 became special agent of the Hartford Fire. Five years
later he accepted the appointment as assistant general agent in the
southern department of the Queen Insurance Company under S. Y.
Tupper. In 1906 he again entered the service of the Hartford Fire,
becoming associate general agent with the late Thomas Egleston,
under the firm name of Egleston & Prescott, and was appointed general
agent in 19 16.
PRESTON, EDWARD V., late general manager of agencies of The
Travelers Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn. [See Death Roll.)
PRIDDY, LAWRENCE, New York Life Insurance Company,
New York, N. Y., was born in Keysville, Va., July 7, 1874. H® gradu-
ated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1897 and began his life
insurance career as agent for the New York Life in Richmond, Va., in
1900. In 1903, he was appointed agency director of the company at
Baltimore, Md., and transferred in 1905 to the same position in New
York City. While agency director Mr. Priddy also did a very large
584 Cyclopedia op Insurance
personal business. He was elected president of the Life Underwriters
Association of New York in Februaiy, 1915* and was re-elected to the
same office in 19 16. He was elected nrst vice-president of the National
Association of Life Underwriters in September, 19 15, and was re-elected
to the same office in 19 16. In September, 1917, he was elected president
of the National Association of Life Underwriters. Mr. Priddy was for
several years president of the Men's League, Broadway Tabernacle
Church: and was formerly president General Alumni Association,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute. He is a member of the Bankers Club of
America, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y. Southern
Society, American Geographic Society, Metropolitan Museum of Art
and other public spirited organizations.
PURCELL, JOHN J., assistant general agent of the western depart-
ment of the HartK>rd Fire Insurance Company, is a native of New York
City, where he was born February 22, 1855. In 1871 he entered a New
York City local agencv, removing to Boston in 1876 to accept a position
with the Faneuil Hall Insurance Company, from which company he
transferred his services to the firm of L. ourge Hayes & Co., Boston
agents of the Sun Insurance Oihce of London. In 1883 he returned to
New York as special agent of the Sun for New York and New Jersey,
later being transferred to Atlanta, Ga., as general agent for the southern
field. In 1887 he was recalled to New York and appointed secretary of
the company's local department. In 1893 he was made assistant United
States manager of the Sun Insurance ofhce, March i, 1899 made
Western department manager of Sun Insurance office, and resigned
March i, 1904. Subsequently he was appointed Ohio special agent
for the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, and resigned in 1906
to become superintendent of agents in the western department of
the Hartford Fire. In 1907 he was appointed manager of the
Underwriters Salvage Company, Chicago, but resigned April i, 1908, to
resume his former position as superintendent of agents in the
western department of the Hartford Fire at Chicago, 111. later
becoming assistant general agent August I, 1920 became Western
General agent of the Sterling Insurance Company of Indianapolis,
and Federal Insurance Company of New Jersey.
QUACKENBUSH, SAMUEL H., assistant manager, western
department of the Royal Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., was bom
in Troy, N. Y., March 7, 1873. He was educated in the public schools
and Starkweather's Academy, Ballston, N. Y., and began his insurance
career with the Northern Assurance Company of London in 1 891,
and six years later was special agent of the Company in the New York
and Pennsylvania field. Later he entered the services of Weed and
Kennedy and in 1900 was appointed special, and subsequently general
agent, of the Aachen and Munich Insurance Company in the Middle
States, and was appointed assistant manager of the company in 191 2. He
was appointed general agent of the Royal in 191 7 and in 1920 was trans-
ferred to his present position in the Company's Western Department.
Biographical Sketches 585
QUAID, WILLIAM, secretary of the Continental Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., was born in Newburgh, N. Y., May
I5i 1877, and was educated in the grammar schools and at Newburgh
Academy. His early business experience was acquired in a wholesale
dry goods house in New York city, where later he entered the Insurance
brokerage business. In 1908 he accepted a position as examiner with
the Continental Insurance Company, and was appointed assistant
secretary in 1916 and secretary in 1918 in charge of the Middle depart-
ment. For two years, 1914-1916, he represented the Continental,
Fidelity-Phenix and American Eagle Fire Insurance Comi>anies as
executive special agent in the Eastern territory. He joined the "Roose-
velt Rough Riders," in the Spanish war and saw service in Cuba.
QUINN, F. X., vice-president of the Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance
Company of Philadelphia, was born in Philadelphia, July 29, 1870.
After receiving a public school education he entered the service of the
Pennsylvania Railroad as a clerk, resigning on January 2, 1891, to
become secretary to the treasurer of the Fidelity Mutual. In 1896
he was made assistant secretary of the company; and in 1907 was
elected treasurer and a member of the Board of Directors, and in 19 14,
vice-president. For a number of years the company's large invest-
ment interests have been in Mr. Quinn's hands. He was admitted to
the Philadelphia Bar in 1902.
RALSTON, THOMAS A., former sub-manager of the New York
ofHce of the Northern Assurance Company of London, was born
at Baltimore, Md. He was educated in the public schools of that
place, and began business life as a clerk in the Baltimore branch of a
New York commercial house. Later he removed to New York to accept
a higher position in the head office. He entered the insurance business
in 1883 as a clerk in the New York office of the London and Provincial
Insurance Company of England, and on the retirement of that company
from the United States entered the service of the United Fire Reinsur-
ance Company of Manchester, England. He remained with that
company until 1889, when he was appointed chief clerk in the New York
office of the Northern Assurance Company of London and in 1896 was
appointed sub-manager, but retired January i, 1920, and entered the
brokerage business in New York City.
RANDALL, EUGENE WILSON, president The Minnesota
Mutual Life Insurance Company, St. Paul, Minn., is of Scotch-English
descent, and was born in Winona, Minn., January i, 1859. He was
educated in the public and state normal schools, graduating therefrom in
1879, and engaged in teaching. Later business expenence was ac-
quired as editor and farmer, and he engaged in life insurance work
in 1893. As secretary of the State Agricultural Society he was man-
ager of the Minnesota State Fair from 1895 to 1907. In the latter
year he was appointed dean and director of the department of agri-
culture of the University of Minnesota, resigning the position in De-
cember, 1908, to accept the presidency of The Minnesota Mutual Life.
586 Cyclopedia of Insusance
REES, GOMER H., former secretary and counsel of the Continen-
tal, Fidelity- Phenix and American Eagle Fire Insurance Companies,
New York, N. Y., is a native of Kansas and was bom March 22, 1885.
He was educated in the public schools of Dallas and Pans, Texas, and
is a graduate of Yale College and also of the New York Law School.
After practicing law in New York he entered the service of the Con-
tinental and allied insurance companies in 191 8 with the title of assistant
secretary, and was elected secretary and counsel January i, 192 1, but
resigned his connection with the companies in 1922. He is one of the
managers of the American Marine Insurance Syndicates, and took
an active part in organizing the syndicates.
REID, ARMOUR DUNCAN, president and general manager of
the Globe Indemnity Company, is a native of Canada and was bom of
English and Scotch (parentage in Kingston, Ontario, March 13, 1874. He
received a common and high school education and began his business
career in insurance. He was inspector of agents in Canada for the Lon-
don Guarantee and Accident Company, subsequently becoming super-
intendent of agents for the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Company in
Canada. Later he was transferred to the company's United States
department offices, where for ten years he was executive superintendent,
and until appointed general manager and secretary of the Globe Indem-
nity Company, on the organization of the company in 191 1. Mr. Reid
was elected president in January, I9i9» and is now president and general
manager of the Globe Indemnity Company. He was secretary and
treasurer of the Liability Insurance Association and was elected presi-
dent of the association in 19 10. He was the first secretary and treasurer
of the Workmen's Comp>ensation and Information Bureau. Mr. Reid
is president of the International Association of Casualty and Surety
Underwriters.
REMAK, GUSTAVUS, Jr., president of the Insurance Com-
pany of the state of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, was born in Phila-
delphia, March 19, 1861. He is a graduate of the University of Penn-
sylvania, class of 1882, and graduated from the law department of
the University in 1884, and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in
June of that year. He was elected to his present position in 19 13.
RENNIE, GORDON F., late second assistant manager of the Pa-
cific Coast department of the Insurance Company of North America and
the Alliance Insurance Company, San Francisco, Cal., was bom at
Peterboro, Ontario, Canada, April 21, 1886. He was educated in the
public schools of Kansas City, Mo., and Pueblo, Col., and at Park
College, Parkville, Mo., and began his insurance career in 1903 as a
clerk in a local agency in Pueblo, Col. Four years later he became
manager of the firm and in 19 13 was appointed special aeent for the
Yorkshire and Northern Insurance Companies with headquarters at
Spokane. Later he was transferred to Salt Lake City as special agent
in the mountain field. In 19 1 9 he was appointed general agent for the
Insurance Company of North America and the Alliance Insurance
Biographical Sketches 587
Company in British Columbia with headquarters at Vancouver, and
in 1 92 1 was appointed second assistant manager of the Pacific Coast
department. Mr. Rennie died March 26, 192 1.
REMINGTON, CHARLES H., vice-president of the iEtna Life
Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.; was born in Providence, R. I.,
March i, 1876. He received a high school education, and has devoted
his entire business life to insurance, his early experience being acquired
in the service of the Orient Insurance Company and subsequently
with the London and Lancashire Insurance Company. Later he entered
the service of the National Fire Insurance Company, and July i, 1901
accepted a position in the cashier's department of the accident and
liability department of the ^tna Life Insurance Company. He was
apix>inted cashier of the department in 1904 and in 1^12 was elected
assistant treasurer of the i^tna Life, and later assistant treasurer
of the ^tna Casualty and Surety Company, and treasurer of the
Automobile Insurance Company. He was elected to his present posi-
tion in February, 1 9 19, and also vice-president of the Automobile
Insurance Company. He is also treasurer of the latter company and
assistant treasurer of the Mtna, Casualty and Surety Company and
the ^tna Life Insurance Company, and as well a member of the
board of directors of each company. He is a trustee of the Fidelity
and Trust Company of Hartford and a member of the advisory board
of the Metropolitan Bank of New York, Maiden Lane branch.
RHOADS, FREDERICK HEMINGWAY, deputy assistant
general agent of the Pacific Coast department of the ifetna Insurance
Company, San Francisco, Cal., was born in Des Moines, Iowa, and was
educatecl in the public schools of Jefferson, Iowa. He began his insur-
ance career in Denver as assistant manager of the Rocky Mountain
Fire Underwriters Association. He was appointed special agent of the
Continental Insurance Company in the mountain neld in 1900, later
bein^ transferred to the Pacific Northwest territory, and in 19 13 was
appointed special agent of the i£tna in Western Canada, Washington
and Oregon. He was called to the department headquarters in San
Francisco in 19 15 as resident special a^ent and chief clerk of the under-
writing department. He was appomted agency superintendent in
19 19, and to his present position in 1920.
RHODES, EDWARD E., a member of the board of directors and
a vice-president of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, was
bom of American parentage at Newark, N. J., February 21, 1868. He
began his business career with the Mutual Benefit and entered the
mathematical department in 1886. He was made assistant mathema-
tician in 1902, and was appointed mathematician in May, 1905, to
succeed Bloomfield J. Miller. In January, 1908, he was elected vice-
president. He is a member of the Actuarial Society of America and of
the American Institute of Actuaries.
RICE, RALPH HOUSTON, president, National Fidelity Life
Insurance Company, Sioux City, Iowa, was born in Aberdeen, Miss.,
October 7, 1879. He received a common school education, and be-
J88 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ean his business life as an office accountant and correspondent. He
has been engaged in life insurance for the past seventeen years in
various capacities in the southwest and northwest, and was elected to
his present position in 19 1 5. He was former member of the Des Moines,
la., and also the Oklahoma Association of Life Underwriters, and be>
sides his insurance interests is interested in banking and farm lands
giving the w^hole of his personal time, however, to the National Fi-
delity.
RICHARDS, ELLIS GRAY, was bom in Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, December 16, 1848, of Puritan and Pilgrim ancestry. After
graduating from the schools of his native city, he commenced a business
life at the age of seventeen as clerk in a large iron manufacturing estab-
lishment, becoming at the age of twenty-one its head bookkeeper, and
about that time the establishment (a New York corporation) was re-
moved to Passaic, N. J. The i>anic of 1873, which brought distress to
the business interests of the entire country, affected severely the future
prospects of the company, and urged by friends to enter the insur-
ance business even as early as 1871 (in the service of a Massachu-
setts company), such a change was for a long time seriously con-
sidered by him, but it was not until February, 1874, that he decided
to leave his then position, which had become one of large responsi-
bility, to commence again at the bottom of the ladder of business
experience by entering the employ of the Commercial Union Assur-
ance Company as clerk in the Boston office. Promotion soon fol-
lowed, and again in November of the same year further advance-
ment was obtained by the offer and acceptance of the position of
secretary and surveyor of the Worcester County Board of Under-
writers under direction of the National Board. This position
brought valuable experience in the surveying and rating of fire haz-
ards and led to further promotion by his employment as special
agent of the Royal and Pennsylvania under Foster & Scull, mana-
gers, in May, 1877. In May, 1881, he accepted the position offered
him by the Queen Insurance Company, as special agent for the same
field. Under the guidance of the manager of the company. Mr.
James A. McDonald, one of the ablest underwriters of the country,
Mr. Richards passed six years in earnest work in building up the
New England business of the Queen. In the organization of the
New England Insurance Exchange, which occurred January i, 1SB3,
Mr. Richards took an active part, and during the remaining years of
his work in the field he was a studious and enthusiastic participant
in the labors of that body, which has done so much for the elevation
and improvement of the fire underwriting business. He was elected
secretary of the National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford in April,
1887, a director in 1895, and in December, 1896, was elected to the
vice-presidency, in addition to the secretaryship. In November, 1899,
he accepted the position of manager for the United States of the North
British and Mercantile Insurance Company of London and Edinburgh,
with headquarters in New York, beginnine his duties in that position
on January i, 1900, following Henry E. bowers, resigned. Mr. Rich-
Biographical Sketches 589
ards was also president of the Commonwealth Insurance Company of
New York, of The Mercantile Insurance Company of America, and
the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company oi Philadelphia, all of
which companies are controlled by the North British and Mercantile.
He was president of the National Board of Fire Underwriters, 19 15-
1916. On April 30, 1919, Mr. Richards retired from the position of
United States manager of the North British and Mercantile and from
the presidency of the Pennsylvania, the Mercantile and the Common-
wealth, his several resignations taking effect on that day.
RICHARDS, E. U., former general manager and secretary of the
National Automobile Underwriters Conference, is a native of Ohio and
was born in Belmont Ridge, March 3, 1880. He graduated from
the University of West Virginia in 1905, with the degrees of A. B.,
and B. S. M. £., and soon after became connected with the Ohio
Inspection Bureau as an electrical inspector, later becoming chief
engmeer and assistant manager of the Bureau. In 191 1 he joined the
engineering department of the National Board of Fire Underwriters
and after two years' service entered the special risk department of the
Continental Fire Insurance Company. He was elected secretary of
the Eastern Union in IQ14 and in July, 19 17 returned to the service of
the National Board of Fire Underwriters as assistant general man-
ager, from which he resigned in 19 18 to become manager 01 the National
Automobile Underwriter's Conference.
RICHARDSON, FREDERICK, United States manager of the
General Accident Fire and Life Assurance Company of Perth, Scotland,
was born in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, December 29, 1876. He
was educated in Nottingham and Liverpool, and commenced his
insurance career in the service of the General Accident in 1893 at its
Liverpool office. In 1898 he became chief clerk at the London office
of the company but left in the following year to join the Credit Guaran-
tee Corporation, now the British Dominions. In 1 901 he went to
Australia where he held the position of accident manager with the
Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance Coppany of Melbourne. After this
experience he returned to the General Accident and at the time of his
appointment as United States manager, January, 1916, he was as-
sistant London manager of the General. He was formerly a mem-
ber of the Council of the Insurance Institute of London, and the
Medico-Legal Society of Great Britain. Since he came to this coun-
try he has been elected a member of the executive committee of the
International Association of Casualty and Surety Underwriters, honor-
ary member of the Insurance Institute of Hartford and member of
the American Academy of Political and Social Science and in 19 18 was
elected president of the Insurance Institute of America being re-elected
in 1919 and 1920.
RICHARDSON, T. D., member of the firm of A. & J. H. Stoddart,
New York Underwriters Agency, New York, N. Y., was born in Canada.
He began his insurance career in the Toronto office of the Commercial
Union Assurance Company, later serving the company at the Montreal
590 Cyclopbdia of Insukancb
office. He joined the Manchester Fire in 1890 as chief clerk, and later
was appointed assistant manager of that company. He joined the
New York Underwriters Agency in 1904, and was for sixteen years
superintendent of the Canadian department of that organization.
Removed to New York in 1920, to accept his present position.
ROBERTS, ARTEMAS R., former president, actuary, and general
manager of the Amicable Life Insurance Company, Waco, Tex., was
born in Gasconade county, Missouri, August 24, 1864. He was edu-
cated in the common schools of Missouri, of Texas and at Sam Hous-
ton Normal Institute, from which he graduated with honors in 1884,
and he began his career as a teacher in the public schools of Texas. He
turned his attention to life insurance in 1885, and made a close study
of the business, perfecting himself not only in the practical side of
the business, but in its mathematical science, and in 19 10 organized
the Amicable Life and became its president and actuary. He is a
close student of the business of insurance, having had 35 years experience
therein. Mr. Roberts retired from active connection with the company
in 1920.
ROBERTS, JAMES SAUL, secretary of the Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company of New York, was bom in Liverpool, England,
May 6, 1859. He was educated in a private academy, and began his
insurance career at an early age in one of the branch offices of the
Prudential Assurance Company of London. He became cashier of
the Manchester branch office in 1879, and in June, 1880, resigned to
accept a position with the Metropolitan Life in New York. Mr Rob-
erts has filled various positions at the home office of the Metropolitan,
and in 1898 was appointed assistant secretary. He was advanced to
his present position in October, 1901.
ROBERTSON, NORMAN T., president of the Continental
Fire Insurance Company, New York, N. Y., was born in Calvert,
Robertson county, Texas, January 4, 1882. He was educated in the
public schools of Houston and the University of Texas, and began
nis insurance career in the general agency of Cravens & Kelly, Houston
in 1903. Later he entered the field as special agent and in 1904 became
Texas special agent for the Continental, and in 1906 was called to the
company's home o^ce as examiner in the southern department. In 1912
he became connected with the southern department of the Fidel ity-
Phenix Fire Insurance, being successively agency superintendent,
assistant secretary and secretary, and in 1919 was transferred to
the company's western department at Chicago. He was elected presi-
dent of the American Eagle Fire Insurance Company of New York,
January i, 192 1 which position he held until November 17 of the same
year when he resigned to accept his present position.
ROBERTSON, JOHN WALTER, manager AVestern Division
of Automobile Insurance Company of Hartford, Chicago, is a native
of Virginia, and was born at Alexandria, September 9, 1856. He was
educated in private schools and at the University of Viriginia, was
admitted to the bar, and practiced law as an early vocation. He
BlOGBAPHICAL SSBTCBBS 591
was special agent of the National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford
in Illinois and Wisconsin from 1882 to 1888, and in the latter year was
appointed special agent for the London and Lancashire in Wisconsin,
Illinois and Michigan. In 1902, he became Wisconsin and Illinois
state agent for the Fire Association, was promoted to assistant manager
in 1908, and was appointed manager in July, 1909. He resigned in
December, 191 o, and was appointed western general agent of the New
Jersey Fire Insurance Company in 191 1, but later resigned, and was
appointed to his present position in 191 5.
ROBERTSON, WILBUR P., manager of the western depart-
ment of the Alliance Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., was born in
Kenosha, Wis. He began his insurance career as a local agent in
Albion, Mich., and in 1898. became special agent in Michigan for the
Palatine Insurance Company of England, subsequently representing
the Niagara Fire Insurance Company and Phenix Insurance Company
of Brooklyn in the same field. Later he became executive special
agent for the Nord Deutsche, and in 1914 entered the service of the
Liverpool and London and Globe as state agent for Michigan. Two
years later he was called to the western department offices in Chicago,
and was appointed assistant manager January i, 1920, but resigned in
1922 to accept his present position. He is secretary of the Fire Under-
writers Association of the Northwest.
ROBINSON, HENRY SEYMOUR, president of the Connecticut
Mutual Life Insurance Company, was born in Hartford, Conn., April 16,
1868. He was educated in the public and high schools of Hartford, and
graduated from Yale College in the class of 1889. He was admitted to
the bar in 1891, and practiced law as a member of the law firm of
Robinson & Robinson, until 1895, when he was elected secretary and
general manager of the trust department of the Connecticut Trust and
Safe Deposit Company of Hartford. He was elected vice-president of the
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company in October, 1905, and to
his present position in November, 19 18.
ROGERSON, W. L. T., vice-president, Life Insurance Company
of Virginia, Richmond, Va., was bom in Dinwiddie county, near
Petersburg, Va., April 4, 185^. He entered the service of the Life
Insurance Company of Virginia, September, 1882, as agent in Peters-
burg, and has been with the company continuously since that date.
He was appointed general a^ent (ordinary department) at Lynch-
burg, Va., and vicimty in April, 1886, and a year later became assist-
ant superintendent and superintendent at Petersburg, Va. He was
superintendent at New Orleans, La., from 1887 to February, 1896, when
he became general superintendent in that city, and in 1897 was appointed
supervisor for the state of Louisiana. He was appointed general super-
visor of the company in December, 1897, secretary in February, 1902,
and second vice-president in January, 19 10. He was elected vice-
president April I, 19 15.
592 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ROSE, DOUGLAS H., president of the Maryland Life Insurance
Company of Baltimore, of English-Scotch-German extraction, was
born in Baltimore, May 5, 1863. After completing the courses in the
common schools, he was graduated from the City College of Baltimore
in 1880. A few months thereafter he began his insurance career in
the actuarial department of the Maryland Life. He filled succes-
sively the offices of assistant actuary, actuary, vice-president, and
actuary, and was elected president of the company in December, 19 10.
Mr. Rose is a member of the International Congress of Actuaries and
has attended many of its meetings, both in this country and abroad.
He is a Fellow of the Actuarial Society of America and is identified
with various civic bodies of Baltimore.
•
ROWE, TOHN SCOFIELD, former vice-president of the liabiUty
department of the iCtna Life Insurance Company, was bom at Grand
Rapids, Mich., November 6, 1868. He was educated in the public schools
and Little Rock University. After graduation from the Grand Rapids
Business College he entered the insurance business. He obtained his
experience in liability insurance under the late George Munroe Endi-
cott, and was auditor and superintendent of agencies of the United
States branch of the Employers' Liability Assurance Corporation from
1 89 1 to 1902, when he was appointed assistant secretary of the liabil-
ity department of the i£tna Life, being promoted to the position of
secretary, February 14, 1905, and vice-president September 7, 191 1.
In addition to the above position, Mr. Rowe was elected secretary of
the ^tna Accident and Liability Company March 16, 1908, and vice-
president February 7, 19 17, this company's name having since been
changed to The ifetna Casualty and Surety Company as of May 3,
19 1 7. Mr. Rowe was also elected secretary and director of the Auto-
mobile Insurance Company of Hartford, April 19, 19 13, and made a
vice-president February 7, 1917. Mr. Rowe resigned the office of vice-
president JEtnai Life Insurance Company, The i£tna Casualty & Surety
Company and the Automobile Insurance Company of Hartford,
Connecticut, March i, 19 19, to accept an election as president of the
Maritime llnderwriting Agency, Inc., of New York representing many
powerful companies for marine insurance in the United States, and also
an election as director and vice-president of the Bankers & Shippers
Insurance Company of New York, but resigned his connection with
those organizations in 1920, and later in the same year was elected
vice-president and a director of the United States Fidelity and Guaranty
Company of Baltimore, Md.
RUSH, BENJAMIN, president of the Insurance Company of
North America, Pniladelphia, Pa., is descended from old Colonial and
Revolutionary stock and was born in Philadelphia in 1869. All his
business life has been spent in insurance and at the age of fifteen
he entered the employ of the marine insurance firm of Johnson &
Higgins, later becoming manager of the firm's adjusting department
in Philadelphia. He entered the service of the Insurance Company
of North America in 1895 as assistant to the president, the late Charles
Piatt, and three years later was made second vice-president of the
Biographical Sketches 593
company. He was elected vice-president in November, 1909, and
has been in charge of the company's marine department in which
branch of insurance he is a recognized expert. He was elected president
in March 19 16.
RUSSELL, WINSLOW, vice-president and agency manager
Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., was born in
Nantucket, Mass., of American parentage, July 10, 187 1. He received
his education in the public and high schools of Concord, Mass., and
began his business career in a grocery store. He began his insurance
career in the Boston office of the Connecticut Mutual Life as book-
keeper and later as cashier, and in 1898 became an agent of the Phoenix
Mutual in Boston. He was appointed Boston manager for the com-
pany in May, 1901, and in 1904 was appointed assistant superintendent
of agents at the home office, January i, 191 1, agency manager, and
January, 191 8, a vice-president. He is a member of the board of direc-
tors of the Phoenix Mutual, also the Hartford Y. M. C. A., and Connec-
ticut Temperance Union, and is active in the social and religious life
of the city.
RYAN, HARWOOD ELDRIDGE, general manager of the
National Council on Workmen's Compensation Insurance, New
York, is a native of New York City and was born August 25, 1882. He
was educated at the Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, and New York
University, graduating in the actuarial science course of the School of
Commerce. He is an associate of the Actuarial Society of America
and a Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial and Statistical Society of
America, of which he is also a former vice-president and member of the
Council. He was elected to his present (>osition in 19 19. Previous to
accepting his present position he was connected with the Equitable Life
Assurance Society, and earlier was for some time casualty actuary of
the New York insurance department where his duties brought him in
close contact with the workmen's compensation and liability insurance
business.
RYE, F. A., manager of the Western Department of the Commer-
cial Union Assurance Company of London and affiliated companies,
Chicago, 111., has spent much of his business career in underwriting
organizations in the western field. He was connected in an official
capacity for some years with the Western Factory Insurance Associa-
tion, and previous to his connection with the organization, represented
the Great American Insurance Company of New York as special agent
in the western field. After a brief service with the Commercial Unions'
United States department offices in New York he was appointed
to his present position in April, 1922.
SACKETT, ROBERT EMORY, vice-president of the National
Life Insurance Company of the United States of America, was bom
at Pittsford, N. Y., of American parentage, November 11, 1852. He
was educated in a countiy school and the preparatory department of
Olivet College. For a time he was a farmer, then went to Cedar
Rapids, la., and engaged in the retail grocery business. Later he took
594 Cyclopbdia op Insukakcb
a potttion in the office of the Blair land and railroad interests at Cedar
Rapids, la., where he remained until 1880, when he became assistant
casnier of tne W. A. McHenry Bank at Denison, la. After two yean
he resigned this position to take charge of the land grants of the differ-
ent railroads represented by the Blair interests, with headquarters at
Sioux City, la. He next engaged in the real estate and insurance
business, after which he was dected clerk of the courts at Sioux City,
la., which position he held until he became connected with the Iowa
Life Insurance Company as secretary in 189^. He was connected
with that company until its reinsurance in the National Life Insurance
Company in May, 1900, when he became secretary of the National
Life, and on January 31, 1906, was elected to the office of vice-president.
SAGE, FRANK L., former assistant secretary of the Mutual Bene-
fit Life Insurance Company, Newark, N. J., was bom in Lewiston,
N. Y., July 13, 1867. He received a public school and college educa-
tion, and graduated from Mt. Union College in 1890, and from the law
school of the Universitv of Michigan in 1901. After graduating from
college he was principal of a high school in Saginaw, Mich., for several
years, and subsequently practiced law at Buffalo, N. Y. He was pro-
fessor of law at the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1907, when he
resigned to resume the practice of law, but gave up that purpose
to become assistant secretary of the Mutual Benefit Life, but resigned
the assistant secretaryship in 19 12 to become general agent for the com-
pany at Pittsburgh, Pa.
SAGE, JOHN DAVIS, of the Union Central Life Insurance Com-
pany, Cincinnati, is a native of Connecticut, and was bom in Hart-
lord, September 14, 1877. He received a public school and colleee
education, and was graduated at Brown University in 1899. He
entered the home office of the Union Central Life as clerk after gradu-
ation, and was elected to the position of assistant secretary in 1906,
secretary in 1907, third vice-president and secretary in 19 12, second
vice-president in 1913, first vice-president in 1916 and president in 1921.
He was formerly editor of the Union Central Advocate and other
company publications.
SAGE, WALTER H., general manager of the western department
of the Great American Insurance Company, Chicago, III., was born
in Huntington, Ohio. He began his business career in a bank in Well-
ington, Onio, and while in this position also built up a prosperous
business as local agent. His first field experience was acquired in the
service of the fireman's Fund, and later with the Northern of London
in the Ohio field. Subsequently he became field representative of the
German-American in the Ohio field, and in January, 1902, was called
to the western department headquarters of the company in Chicago,
as second assistant manager. Six months later ne was appointed
assistant manager and in 1904 he was appointed nianager to succeed
Judge Eugene Carey. He was given his present title April i, 1916.
He has h^n active in underwriting organizations in the western field.
Biographical Sketches 595
and was chairman of the governing committee of the Western Union
and a director of the Underwriters* Laboratories & Western Salvage
Co. Chairman Chicago Advisory Committee of the National Board
of Fire Underwriters.
SANDERS, GEORGE WHITE, actuary of the Michigan Mutual
Life Insurance Company of Detroit, was born in Jefferson county,
Ind., December 7, 1845. He was graduated from the Indiana Univer-
sity in 1869, with the degree of A.B., and three years later received
A.M. from the same institution. After graduation, until March, 1875,
Mr. Sanders was engaged in civil engineering in the south and west.
The latter year he entered the ofHce of the Michigan Mutual at Detroit,
and in January, 1891, was appointed its actuary. He is a charter
member of the Actuarial Society of America.
SANDERS. WILLIAM REYNALE, general manager of the
American Liability Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, is descended from
old Colonial stock, and was born in Dansville, Livingston county, N.
Y., August 6, 1863. He was educated at the Haverling Academy,
and as a young man was engaged as captain of steamboats on Lake
Keuka, N. Y. He was assistant manager of the industrial depart-
ment of the General Accident, from 1903 to 1909, and is active in
Masonic and fraternal circles, is first vice-president Ohio Society Sons
of the Revolution, and deputy governor general Society of Colonial
Wars. He was secretary, American Association of Accident Under-
writers in 191 2- 13-14; first vice-president Insurance Federation of
Ohio and member executive committee, Health and Accident Under-
writers Conference, in 1914-15-16-17-18, chairman executive commit-
tee 1919, president, 1920-21-22.
SARGEANT, FRANK W., president of the New Hampshire
Fire Insurance Company, was born at Candia, N. H., March 7, i860.
He obtained his education in the schools of that village and at Phil-
lips Exeter Academy. In 1882 he entered the mercantile business
in Boston, where he remained a short time. He then spent a brief
time in the office of the master mechanic of the New York and New
England Railroad. On October 25, 1882, he entered the employ of
the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company, beginning as office
boy and working his way through all the departments to his present
position to which he was elected in 1905. He is also police commissioner
of Manchester.
SARGEANT, WILLIAM HENRY, vice-president of the Massa-
chusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, was born in Springfield,
Mass., October 5, 1868. He received a public school education, and
began his business career in the office of the Massachusetts Mutual
Life, serving in various capacities in the different departments. He
was appointed inspector of agencies in 1900, was elected assistant sec-
retary in 1903, secretary in January, 1905, second vice-president in
October, 1908, and vice-president in January, 1909.
596 Cyclopedia of Insurance
SAUNDERS. HENRY JONES, president and general man-
ager of Western States Life Insurance Company, San Francisco
Cal., is of Scotch -Irish descent and was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
May 21, 1869. His entire business life has been devoted to life in-
surance and he entered the service of the New York Life Insurance
Company in 1896 as agent at Baton Rouge. Later he removed to
New Orleans as agency director for the same company and subsequently
was promoted to the position of sup)ervisor for Louisiana, Alabama,
Mississippi and Florida with headquarters at New Orleans. This
position he retained until the beginning of 19 10 when he was trans-
ferred to California, as supervisor with headquarters at San Francisco,
and June i, 191 1 accepted the position of vice-president and manager
of agencies with Western States Life. On February 12, 1918, he was
elected to the presidency of the company, which oflice he now holds.
SCHULTE, H. H., assistant secretary of the Home Insurance
Company, New York, N. Y., is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., and was
l)orn in 1880. He began his service with the Home as an accountant
in the bookkeeping department in 1908; two years later was placed in
charge of correspondence, and still later was made assistant to the chief
accountant. He was appointed auditor in 191 8, and to his present
position in 192 1. He is a close student of taxation and was a member of
the committee of the National Board of Fire Underwriters on the
application of the Federal Income and excess profits and capital stock
and other taxes as applied to fire insurance companies.
SCOTLAND, THOMAS HENDERSON, assistant secreUry of
the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Hartford, is a native of Scot-
land, and was born at Alva, August 25, 1861. He came to the United
States in 1882, and began his insurance career in the agency of Knowles
& Russell at Albany, N. Y., in 1884. After ten years' experience
in local agency work he became an examiner in the home ofHce of the
Hartford Fire. He was elected vice-president of the Reading Fire
Insurance Company in 1898, and on tne reinsurance of the company
in the Hartford Fire again entered the service of the latter company.
In 1903 he was appointed general agent of the Citizens Insurance
Company of St. Louis, subsequently becoming its secretary, and in
1910 returned to Hartford as eastern general agent of the Citizens
and superintendent of agencies for the Hartford Fire. He was elected
to his present position in 19 14.
SCOTT, GEORGE B., fourth vice-president of the Metropoli-
tan Life Insurance Company and manager Pacific Coast head office,
600 Stockton Street, San Francisco, Cal., was born in Ireland, Octo-
ber 19, 1864. He was educated in the National Schools of Ireland
and under private tutors. He entered the service of the Metropol-
itan Life in May, 1883, as junior clerk, and, advancing from one posi-
tion to another, was appointed superintendent of agencies in Januar>',
1900. Having served ten years m that capacity, he was appointed
manager of the Pacific Coast head office in January, 1910, with the
title of assistant secretary. He was appointed fourth vice-president
in November, 19 16.
Biographical Sketches 597
SCOTT, HERMAN G., vice-president and secretary of the
Reliance Life Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa., is of Scotch-
Irish descent and was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., September 28, 1873.
He was educated in the public schools of his native city and at St.
Paul's School, Garden City, L. I. His early business career was spent
in mercantile pursuits and he became connected with the Reliance
Life on its organization in 1903.
SCOVEL, CHARLES WOODRUFF, former president of the
National Association of Life Underwriters, was born at Springfield,
O., August 16, 1862, and has been a resident of Pittsburgh, Pa., since
1865. He is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh (A.B., 1883;
A. M., 1886), studied law at Columbia University and the Univer-
sity of Berlin, Germany, and practiced law from 1886 to 1897. He
entered the life insurance field in the latter year, as manager for west-
ern Pennsylvania of the Provident Savings Life, which post he retained
until after the company had withdrawn from the state, in December,
1907. Since February, 1912, he has been associate general agent, at
Pittsburgh, of the Northwestern Mutual Life. Mr. Scovel was president
of the Pittsburgh Life Underwriters' Association from 1901 to 1903,
and was president of the National Association for 1905-6, during
which the association received recognition from President Roosevelt
and other public authorities, founded the official organ. Life Association
NffwSf and extended the movement into Canada. In 19 13-14 he gave, by
invitation of the Syracuse Association, the series of five lectures con-
stituting the life insurance course in the department of economics of the
University of Syracuse, and numerous lectures and addresses elsewhere.
He has served as secretary of the Allegheny County Bar Association,
president of the General Alumni Association, and secretary of the board
of trustees of the University of Pittsburgh, and secretary of the Art
Society and of the Pittsburgh Orchestra. He is a member of the Uni-
versity Club.
SEARLE, FRANKLIN H., assistant secretary of The Con-
necticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., was
born in Springfield, Mass., December 16, 1871. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of Hartford, Conn., and after graduating
from the high school in 1889, entered the employ of The Connecticut
Mutual Life and in 1920 was appointed to his present position. He
is a member of St. John's Lodge of Masons and of Pythagoras Chapter
Royal Arch Masons. He is president of the Board of Trustees of the
Fourth Congregational Church and has served as a member of each
body of the legislative branch of the city government.
SEIBELS, EDWIN GRENVILLE, manaeer of the Cotton
Fire and Marine Underwriters, an Association of Companies for the
purpNOse of writing marine, railroad and domestic transit cotton risks;
President, Seibels, Bruce & Co., managers of the southern dei>artment
of the Glens Falls Insurance Company, Royal Exchange Assurance,
Colonial Fire Underwriters Branch of the National Insurance Company
of Hartford, Exchange Underwriters branch of the Royal Exchange
598 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Assurance, mana^r, Russian Marine Agency of the Rossia Insurance
Company, in United States; President, Edwin G. Seibels, manager,
Inc., general agent southeastern department United States 'Xloyds"
(marine and automobile business) ; President, South Carolina Insur-.
ance Company., Columbia, S. C; President, Seibels,^ Collins & Co.,
New York City; Vice-president, Globe Underwriters Exchange,
New York City; Director, American Fire Insurance Corporation.
He was born in Columbia, S. C, September 12, 1866; educated at
Thompson's Academy and University of South Carolina, from which
he graduated with degree of B. £. He gave up the profession of engi-
neering in 1886 to enter the fire insurance business with the firm of
Seibels & Ezell, general agents of several prominent companies in
the South. He became a member of the firm, which was subsequently
changed to E. W. Seibels & Son. Became special agent of the Anglo-
Nevada Insurance Company in 1888, and two years later special
agent for the Caledonian ot Scotland. From 1892 to 1898 he was
engaged in independent adjusting. In 1898 he was appointed manager,
southerti department of the Glens Falls Insurance Company, continuing
in this position and as manager of the companies named above, until
19 1 9, when he became manager of the Cotton Fire and Marine Under-
writers, the department management of the companies being changed
to Seibels, Bruce and Co. He is chairman of the Board of Trustees,
Endowment Fund, University of South Carolina, and president of
the Century Loan and Investment Company.
SHALE, J. HORACE, vice-president and general manager of the
Commercial Casualty Insurance Company of Newark, N. J., was
born in Williamsport, Pa., in 1877. He is a practical casualty insurance
man, having entered the employ of the General Accident Fire and Life
Assurance Corporation in 1909. After holding various positions he
was made manager of the claim department which position he resigned
in 191 2 to become manager of the claim department of the Commercial
Casualty. In 191 5 he was made treasurer of the company and was
also elected to the Board of Directors; in January, 19 19, he was pro-
moted to his present position.
SHALLCROSS, CECIL F., United States manager of the North
British & Mercantile Insurance Company, limited, was born in the county
of Cheshire, England, November 28, 1872. He received an English
school education. After spending six months in a merchant's office in
Liverpool, he became connected with the Liverpool branch of the
Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, in February, 1891,
in which office he remained until he entered the service of the Royal
at the head office of the company March 23, 1893. In October, 1896, he
went out to the Royal's office in Calcutta, India, and in January,
1900, came to New York, where he was appointed manager on May
I, 1900, and in 191 8 general attorney for the United States. He is a
former president of the Eastern Union, the New York Fire Insurance
Exchange, and the New York Board of Fire Underwriters. He is
now chairman of the Committee on Laws and Legislation of the Na-
BioGSAPHiCAL Sketches 599
tional Board of Fire Underwriters. On April 12, 1919, he became
United States manager of the North British & Mercantile Insurance
Company, and president of the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company,
of The Mercantile Insurance Company of America and of The Common-
wealth Insurance Company of New York.
SHELDON, CHARLES E., vice-president and manager of the
western department of the American Insurance Company of New-
ark» Rockford, 111., has spent his entire business life in fire insur-
ance. He was born in Rockford, 111., of American parentajge, July
29, 1857, and was educated in the public schools of that city. He
began his insurance career as a local agent in 1872, and in 1880 be-
came special agent for the National Fire Insurance Company of
Hartford. He was secretary of the Rockford Insurance Company
from 1882 to 1899, atnd in the latter year was appointed to his pres-
ent position. He is a director of the Third National Bank of Rock-
ford and a trustee of the Rockford Hospital Association and president
Rockford Board of Education, president Western Insurance Bureau.
SHEPLEY, GEORGE L., fire insurance agent, president of
Starkweather & Shepley, Inc., of Rhode Island ; president of Stark-
weather & Shepley, of New York, and surviving member of Stark-
weather & Shepley, was born at Dover, N. H., October 11, 1854. He
was educated in the common schools of Providence, and entered the
insurance business at the age of seventeen as a broker and member
of the firm of Shepley & Eddy, which became in 1879 Starkweather
& Shepley; in 1887 Mr. Starkweather died. In 1900 an office was
opened in New York City, and in December, 1904, one in Boston,
Mass., and in 1908 in Chicago, 111. In 1905, the Rhode Island busi-
ness was incorporated under a special charter under the name of
Starkweather & Shepley, Inc., and the business of the New York
ofHce was incorporated under the New York law under the name of
Starkweather & Shepley. They represent in Providence, R. I., the
Liverpool & London & Globe, iCtna, Scottish Union & National,
and many other offices. Mr. Shepley is president and Starkweather
& Shepley are general agents of the Rhode Island Insurance Company,
which was organized in Tanuary, 1907. In 1910 they were appointed
United States Managers for the Union Fire Insurance Company of Paris,
and also for the Nationale, Phenix and Abeille Fire of the same city.
They have extensive connections in London and Paris. Mr. Shepley
was a member of the military staff of Governor Dyer from which posi-
tion he acquired the rank of colonel. He is a prominent Mason, has
received the 33d degree, is much interested in outdoor sports, being
a member of numerous yacht, sporting political, and social clubs in
America and Europe. In 1902 Colonel Shepley served as lieutenant-
governor of the state of Rhode Island. Starkweather & Shepley rounded
out in 192 1 50 years of active interest in the insurance business.
SILLS, NEIL D., former president of the National Association of
Life Underwriters, and manager for the Sun Life Assurance Company of
Canada for Virginia and North Carolina, is of Scotch-Irish '
600 Cyclopedia op Insurance
and was born at Sydenham, Ontario, Can., September i8, 1873. He
received a public, high and normal school education, and engaged in
teaching for three years. He then entered the life insurance business
and was agent and district manager in Michigan for the Sun Life from
1896 to 1902, and in the latter year he was appointed manager for Vir-
ginia, with headquarters at Richmond, state of North Carolina
added to his managership in 1906. He is an ex-president of the Business
Men's Club of Richmond, and chairman of the official Board of Cen-
tenary Methodist Church. Address: 816 Mutual building, P. O. Box
665, Richmond, Va.
SIMMONS, £. G., vice-president and general manager of the
Pan-American Life Insurance Company, New Orleans, La., is a native
of Missouri and after practising dentistry for several years began
his life insurance career at Trinidad, Col., as a solicitor, joining a general
agency for the State Life at Denver. Later he became associated with
the Louisiana Life Assurance Society of New Orleans and the Southern
Union of Texas, assisting in the organization of the latter company.
In 191 1, he turned his attention to the organization of the Pan-American
Life of New Orleans, and on the completion of its organization became
vice-president and general manager of the company.
SIMPSON, ARTHUR K., former manager of the Eastern depart-
ment of the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, Boston, Mass., is
of Scotch-Irish descent, and was born in Mill Creek, Ohio, August 27,
1855. He received a public school education, and has spent his entire
business career in fire insurance. He retired from active business
January i, 192 1.
SIMPSON, H. L., member of the firm of Dick and Simpson,
Pacific Coast managers for the Connecticut Fire and Westchester
Fire Insurance Companies, San Francisco, Cal., was bom in Marion,
Ind., August 6, 1876. He was educated in the public schools of Kearney,
Neb., and Denver, Col., and began his insurance career in May, 1895,
as clerk with the Denver Board of Fire Underwriters. He retired
from the service of the Denver board in 1903 to become special
agent for the Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company in Colorado,
Wyoming, Nebraska and Kansas. In 1906 he was appointed state
agent for the Royal Exchange Assurance in the Rocky Mountain
territory, and in 19 13 removed to the Pacific Coast field; later becoming
assistant manager in the Pacific Coast department of the New Hamp-
shire Fire, Boston and Providence-Washington insurance companies,
from which position he resigned to accept his present appointment.
SINGLETON, JOUETT P., assistant manager western depart-
ment of the Niagara Fire Insurance Company, Chicago, is a native
of Kentucky and was bom in Flemingsburg, March 14, i860. He
received a private school education, and his early vocation was as
a circuit court clerk, and later he became a practising attorney. He
entered the fire insurance business in 1883 in the service of the
1
Biographical Sketches 601
Union Insurance Company of Philadelphia, and three years later
entered the service of the Niagara Fire. He was appointed to his
present position in 1908.
SLOAN EDGAR J., vice-president ^Etna Insurance Company,
Hartford, was born in Hartford, November 4, 1870, and was edu-
cated in the public schools of his native city. After leaving school
he started to learn the machinist's trade. August, 1888, he entered
the fire insurance business in the local agency of the Phoenix Insur-
ance Company, and four years later became examiner for the com-
pany. He was state agent for the Home of New York, having
charge of Connecticut and Rhode Island for six years, later becom-
ing special agent for the JEtns. in charge of the western New England
field. He was later called to the home office of the Mtna, as general
agent, and was elected assistant secretary in May, 1907, secretary in
1912, and to his present position June, 1919.
SMALLEY, FRANK MATHER, secretary of the Glens Falls
Insurance Company, Glens Falls, N. Y., was born in Syracuse, N. Y.,
May 25, 1877. He was educated at Syracuse University, graduating
in the class of 1898, and began his insurance career with the Middle
States Inspection Bureau. Was with Underwriters Association of New
York State as engineer for one year going with the Glens Falls Insurance
Company, August I, 1906 as special agent. Appointed to his present
position in 1919.
SMITH, CHARLES G., president of the Great American In-
surance Company, of New York, was born in Brooklyn in 1859, and
at the age of nineteen he entered the service of the Phenix Insur-
ance Company at its New York City office. After becoming familiar
with the clerical work of the different departments, he entered the field
force as assistant special agent of the Phenix in 1884, resigning three
years later to accept the position of special agent for New England of
the Queen Insurance Company, leaving that company in 1890 to
become manager of the Factory Insurance Association, at Hartford.
In 1898 he was appointed secretary of the German-American Insur-
ance Company, ot New York, now Great American Insurance Com-
pany, and in 19 13 vice-president of the company from which he was
advanced to the presidency, March 28, 1917. He held, also, similar
positions with the German Alliance Insurance Company, of New York,
now American Alliance Insurance Comi>any, first as secretary, then
vice-president and since March 28, 191 7, president of the company.
Mr. Smith has long been prominently identified with the work of the
National Board of Fire Underwriters, the New York Board of Fire
Underwriters and other fire insurance organizations.
SMITH, HAROLD V., secretary of the Franklin Fire Insurance
Company, Philadelphia, Pa., was bom in 1890, and received a com-
mon and high school education, and began his insurance career in
1910. He was special agent for the Franklin Fire Insurance Company
602 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in Kentucky and Tennessee until 1915 when he was transferred to
Philadelphia as manager of the company's office in that city. He
was appointed secretary of the company in 1920.
SMITH, GEORGE ORMOND, San Francisco, manager of the
Pacific Coast department of the London and Lancashire, Orient and
Law Union and Rock Insurance Companies, and the London and
Lancashire Indemnity Company, was born in San Francisco, Cal.,
August II, 1867. He was educated in the public schools of San Fran-
cisco and Alameda, and began his insurance career as a policy clerk in
1885 in the general agency office, under the management of Robert
Dickson. He continued with the general agency in various capacities
until October 1908, when he accepted an appointment as special agent
and adjuster with the Insurance Company of North America. In 1913
he became associated with the London and Lancashire and allied
companies as agency superintendent, and was appointed to his present
position in October 1920, to succeed the late Sam B. Stoy. P. O. Ad-
dress 332 Pine St., San Francisco.
SMITH, HARRISON BROOKS, president of the George Wash-
ington Life Insurance Company, Charleston, W. Va., is a native of West
Virginia, and was born at Charleston, September 7, 1866. He was edu-
cated at the Kanawha Military Institute, and at Washington and Lee
University, and graduated from Princeton University in the class of
1886. He then took the course in law at the University of Virginia,
and until he entered life insurance was engaged in the practice of law.
SMITH. HARRY ALEXANDER, president and a director of
the National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, was born in Mas-
sachusetts, May 24, 1869. He prepared for college at Williston Sem-
inary, Easthampton, Mass., and Cayuga Lake Military Academy,
Aurora, N. Y., and was graduated from Amherst College with the
class of 1890. For a short time he was local agent in Rochester,
N. Y., then special agent in New York state for the National Fire
of Hartford, later state agent, and in January, 1900, was elected as-
sistant secretary of the company. Mr. Smith at the time of his elec-
tion to an official position with the National was first vice-president
of the Underwriters Association of New York state, an organization
in which he had held important official position for several years.
In January, 1907, Mr. Smith was elected vice-president and in Febru-
ary, 19 1 5, president. He is also President of the Mechanics & Traders
Insurance Company of New Orleans, the Columbia Fire Insurance
Company, the Colonial Securities Company; and a director of the
following other corporations — viz.: Bush Terminal Company of
New York, State Bank & Trust Company of Hartford, Rossia Insurance
Company of America, Fire Reassurance Company of New York and
Chamber of Commerce of the U. S. A.
SNOW, ELBRIDGE G., president of the Home Insurance Com-
pany of New York, was born at Barkhamsted, Conn., January 22,
1841. He was educated at Fort Edward Institute, New York, and
studied law in Waterbury, Conn., but gave up a prospective career
Biographical Sketches 603
at the bar to enter the insurance business as a clerk in an agency
office in that place. In 1862 he joined the office force of the Home
in the city of New York, and was some years afterward made state
agent of the company for Massachusetts, with headquarters in Bos-
ton. Here he also organized the firm of Hollis & Snow, local agents.
In 1885 Mr. Snow was recalled to New York as assistant secretary,
and in 1888 he was elected to the vice-presidency of the company,
and in 1904, president. He is a trustee of the New York Life In-
surance Company and a director of the Home Insurance Company,
of the American Trust Company and of the American Exchange
National Bank. He is a member of the Bankers Club, the Lotus Club,
the City Club, the Union League Club, the Underwriters' Club, the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American Museum of Natural
History, the Colonial Society, the New England Society, the Chamber
of Commerce, the New York Board of Trade and Transportation
the National Geographical Society, Mayflower Society, rounders
and Patriots of Amenca, Sons of tne Revolution, the Sleepy Hollow
Country Club, Automobile Club of America, the Econonic Club,
the Order of Odd Fellows, the Aero Club and several other similar
societies.
SOMMERS, PAUL B., superintendent of agencies of the American
Insurance Company, Newark, N. J., began his fire insurance career
on leaving college, accepting an appointment with the Scottish Union
and National Insurance Company as assistant special agent in the
mountain field. Later he was appointed special agent for the same
company in Ohio. He then entered the local agency business in Cleve-
land, Ohio, from which he retired in 1920 to accept his present position.
STAFFORD, J. F., western manager Sun Insurance office, Chicago,
111., was born in Chicago, 111. He began his business career as office lx)y
for A. P. Redfield, a Chicago adjuster in 1887, and a year later entered
the western de[>artment offices of the National Fire of Hartford. In
1892 he became chief clerk in the Davenport office of the Iowa Rating
Bureau, and in 1894 entered the service of the Scottish L'nion and
National as state agent in Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska. He became
home office general agent of the Eagle Fire of New York in 1900 and on
the re-insurance of the company entered the services of the London and
Lancashire and Orient Insurance Companies for Minnesota, Iowa and
the Dakotas, and in 1^14 was appointed superintendent of agencies
for the two companies m the western department. He was appointed
to his present position, April i, 1919. He is active in underwriting
associations and served as president and member of the executive
committeeof the Minnesota and Dakota Fire Underwriters Association
and is chairman of the lecture committee of the Fire Insurance Club of
Chicago.
STAHL, JOHN MELOY, president of the Farmer's National
Life Insurance Company of America, Chicago, III., was born at Mendon,
Adams county, August 24, i860. He received a common and high
school education, and engaged in teaching, meanwhile developing his
early acquired interest in farming, which as a schoolboy he displayed
604 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in contributions to agricultural papers, and except for a brief experience
in manufacturing, he has given largely of his time and energies to pio-
moting the interests and welfare of farmers. He was publisher
and editor of the Illinois Farmer and Farmer* s Call, a leading agricul-
tural paper of the west, for upwards of thirty years, and has also written
much on social and economic as well as agricultural subjects for other
periodicals. He served as an officer of the Farmers National Confess
tor fourteen years, first as secretary, then as president, and on retiring
from the presidency was elected a committee of one on legislation to rep-
resent the Congress. He was the first advocate of rural free delivery,
and was an active figure in the camp>aign for parcel post legislation
and for the election of United States senators bv direct vote of the
people. He is a member of the Authors Club, London, American
Academy of Political and Social Science, American Sociological Soci-
ety, National Arts Club, Washington Arts Club, National Economic
League, Sons of the American Revolution, honorary .memlxjr Army
and Navy Union, and a member of several Chicago clubs and societies.
He is also president of the League for Rural Welfare, the Society of
Midland Authors and the Drama League of America; thirty-second
degree Mason, a Kni>»ht Templar, and a Shriner; meml>er of numerous
other s(XMal, a^jriciiltural. and good roads organizations. Author of
"The Real Farmer;" -'Just Stories;" "The Story of Ed;" "The
Battle of Plattsburg;" and the "Invasion of the City of Washington."
STAMFORD, HENRY P., assistant secretary of the New York
Life Insurance Company, was born in County Donegal, Ireland,
July 28, 1847. He was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia,
and after service in the United States navy, entered the services of the
New York Life in the accounting department in 1870. He was ap-
pointed accountant in 1888, supervisory accountant in 1893, and in that
year, while reorganizing the system of accounts in the Paris office he
devised the tab record card. He was appointed resident secretary at
Chicago in 1905 and was appointed to his present position in 1909.
STEELE, WM. LOWE, vice-president of the Niagara Fire Insur-
ance Company, is a native of New Hampshire, and was born at Peter-
boro, N. H., October 26, 1858. He received his education in the pub-
lic and business schools and Hinckley Military Academy, and his early
vocation was that of school teacher and accountant. He was state
agent of the Niagara Fire Insurance Company from 1890 to 1894, ^"^
general agent for the Caledonian Insurance Company for three years,
and in 1897 was appointed assistant manager western department of
the Niagara Fire, and manager in 1908. He was elected to his present
position in 191 7. He is a member of the Fire Underwriters Association
of the Northwest, and a member of the Drug and Chemical Club of
New York, 123 William St., New York, N. Y.
STERLING, NELSON DYER, superintendent of the plate glass
insurance department and associate superintendent burglary depart-
ment of the Fidelity and Casualty Company, was born in Brooklyn,
N. Y., February 8, 1874. He was educated in the Brooklyn public
Biographical Sketches 605
schools and began his business career in insurance. He entered the
employ of the Lloyds Plate Glass Insurance Company in 1890, remain-
ins: with the company until 1906, when he was appointed manager
of the plate glass department of the JEtna. Indemnity Company. He
was elected assistant secretary of the company in 1908, having charge
of the plate glass, burglary, and personal accident insurance depart-
ment; and resigned in December, 1910, to accept his present posi-
tion. He was elected secretary of the Burglary Insurance Under-
writers Association in 19 10, and was chairman of the Plate Glass
Service and Information Bureau, and president of the Casualty and
Surety Social Club, New York, and secretary and treasurer of
the Plate Glass Insurance Alliance of America. In 1915 he was
made manager of the Production Department of the Fidelity and
Casualty in addition to other superintendencies above mentioned,
and was elected a vice-president of the company in 191 6.
STEVENS, NORMAN CLIFTON, secretary of the JEtna Casualty
and Surety Company, Hartford, was born of American p>arentage in
Jersey City, N. J., November 19, 1883. He received a public school
education, and entered upon his insurance career in the home office of
the Fidelity and Casualty Company, New York, in 1898, serving in
various capacities until 1908 when he entered the service of the «£tna
Casualty and Surety Company.
STEVENS, RAYMOND W., vice-president and manager of
agencies of the Illinois Life Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., was
born in Bardolph, 111., August 31, 1874. He was educated in the
public schools and the University of Chicago, from which he graduated
with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He began his insurance career
as agent of the Illinois Life in 1896, and was elected to his present
position in 1900. He is a director of the Fort Dearborn National Bank,
Chicago.
STEVENS, VICTOR E., assistant secretary of the New Hamp-
shire Fire Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H., was born in Man-
chester, September 13, 1867. He entered the service of the company
in 1889 after several years' experience in commercial advertising and
illustration. He is in charge of the company's publicity department and
is editor and illustrator of "VVhittlings" the company's paper. He was
appointed to his present position in January, 1920.
STEVENS, WILLIAM H., president of the Agricultural Insur-
ance Company of Watertown, N. Y., was born at La Fargeville,
N. Y., May 3, 1859. Graduated Syracuse Universitv in 1880. He
studied law, and has been in the service of the Agricultural Insurance
Company continuously since 1881; a director of the Northern New
York Trust Co., and other local institutions, also vice-president Nation-
al Board of Fire Underwriters.
STEWART, RALPH HILL, general manager and actuary of the
Caledonian Insurance Company, Edinburgh, Scotland, was born in
Glasgow in 1870. He joined the head ofFce of the Caledonian Insur-
606 Cyclopbdia of Insurance
ance Company in 1888. and from juniors work he proceeded to the
Life department. He passed the final examination of the faculty of
Actuaries in 1892, and m June 1899, ^^ ^'^a appointed assistant secre-
tary. In the following year, on the retirement of the secretary of the
Company, he was made joint secretary, and in 1903 became sole
secretary. In 1904 he became actuary ot the Company as well as
secretary, and on the retirement of general Manager Chapman, in
191 7, he was appointed general manager and actuary of the company.
STINSON, ALFRED, secretary of the Fidelity- Phenix Fire
Insurance Company in charge of the company's western department,
Chicago, 111., was born in Belleville, Ontario, Canada, August 19, 1870.
He received a high school and academic education, and began his
insurance career in a local agency in St. Paul, Minn. Following ten
years of local agency work he became special agent of the National
Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, in Iowa, Minnesota and Western
Canada. He remained with the National Fire in field work eleven
years, and then became manager of the Minneapolis Fire and Marine
Insurance Company of which he became successively secretary and
vice-president. He resigned in 19 18 to become executive special
agent for the American Eagle Fire Insurance Company, later becoming
secretary in charge of the company's western department. He was
appointed to his present position January i, 192 1.
ST. JOHN, HOWELL W., actuary of the Mtna Life Insurance
Company, was born at Newport, R. I., in April, 1834. He was grad-
uated from Yale College as a civil engineer, and pursued his profes-
sion in the south and west until October, 1867, when he was appointed
actuary of the /Etna Life. He is one of the charter members of the
Actuarial Society, and was elected its president in 1893 and 1894.
Mr. St. John is also a corresponding member of the French Institute
of Actuaries, a member of the American Statistical Society, and a
member of the " Permanent Committee " of the First National Con-
gress of Actuaries held in Brussels (Belgium) in September, 1895.
STOKES, EVERARD C., United States manager of the Royal
Exchange Assurance, 83 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y., was born
at Lymington (Hampshire) England, May 10, 1883. He was edu-
cated in private schools, Kirkcaldy High school and George Watson's
College, Edinburgh, Scotland, and began his business career in the
Commercial Bank of Scotland, Edinburgh. He was general manager
for the Royal Exchange Assurance, Egyptian branch, Cairo, Egypt,
from 19 1 3 to 19 1 9. and in the latter year assumed the management of
the Corporation's United States business.
STONE, FRANK EDWARD, assistant general agent Pacific
coast department of the National Fire Insurance Company of Hart-
ford, is a native of Connecticut, and was born of American parentage,
in VVarren, February 19, 1868. He was educated in the public and
high schools of Hartford, and began his insurance career as a clerk
in the home office of the National Fire in 1 884. He was appointed
Biographical Sketches 607
special agent of the company for New England and eastern New
York, in 1895, continuing in that field until 1907 when he was appointed
to his present position. He was in charge of the adjustment of the
company's losses in the Baltimore and San Francisco conflagrations.
Post Office Box, 3276, San Francisco, Cal.
STURM, ERNEST, secretary and treasurer of the Continental,
Fidelity-Phenix and American E^gle Fire Insurance Companies, New
York, N. Y., was born in New York, N. Y., August 24, 1878. He
received a grammar and preparatory school education, and began his
insurance career as office boy with the Continental Insurance Company
in 1892. A year later he entered the company's loss department as a
clerk, and in 1910 became cashier of the Continental and Fidelity
Fire Insurance Companies. In the meantime he took up financial
and legal studies at New York University; receiving the degree of
LL.B., from that institution, and in 1903 was admitted to the New
York bar. He was appointed financial secretary of the Continental and
Fidelity-Phenix Insurance Companies in 191 1, and to his present posi-
tion in August 1920. He is also editor of "Business Conditions" an
analysis of the country's business conditions, published monthly from
the offices of the insurance companies.
SULLIVAN, ROBERT JOHN, secretary of the compensation and
liability department of the Travelers Insurance Company, was born in
Hartford, Conn., October 20, 1879. He was educated in the public
schools, and after graduating from the high school entered the news
business in Worcester, Mass., and Concord, N. H. He entered the
accident department of the Travelers in July, 1899, and was transferred
to the compensation and liability department in 1904. He was appointed
to his present position in 1912. Mr. Sullivan is also vice-president
of The Travelers Indemnity Company, having been appointed to that
position in January, 1922.
SWALLOW, GEORGE W., assistant secretary of the New
Hampshire Fire Insurance Company of Manchester, N. H., is a native
of Nashua, N. H. For several years after leaving school he was engaged
in work for the Manchester City Library, entering the employ of the
New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company in 1900 where he has been
identified with the accounting department in which he has served as
chief accountant and four years as office superintendent. He was
appointed to his present position in 1920.
SWINNERTON, JAMES A., president of the American Eagle Fire
Insurance Company, New York, N. Y.; was born in Tottenville, N. Y.
March 15, 1868. He entered the service of the Continental as office
boy at the age of fourteen, and worked his way through office duties
to the position of inspector, and subsequently represented the company
in the field. He was connected with the San Francisco office in 1890,
and in the years following was successively special agent, in Virginia
and North Carolina, Pennsylvania and West Virginia and then in
New York state, and in 1893 became connected with the home office
608 Cyclopedia of Insurance
in New York. He was appointed assistant secretar>' in 1903 and secre-
tary in 1910. Resigned November 17, 1 92 1 and elected president of
the American Eagle Fire Insurance Company of New York. He is a
member of the New York State Conference Commission; Commission
on organization, New York State Rating Organization; Actuarial
Committee of National Board of Fire Underwriters; Electrical Com-
mission, New York Board and Director American Eagle Fire Insurance
Company. During the preparation of the Universal Mercantile
Schedule he was detailed as a rating expert to apply trial schedules in
the east, and was in charge of the rating of Pittsfield, Mass., the first
city to l>e rated under the new schedule. He is also secretary' of the
Eastern Tornado Association.
TALBOT, WALTER LE MAR, president of the jFidelity Mutual
Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, was born in Philadelphia,
Pa., August 23, 1870. He attended the public schools of Philadelphia
and later completed his education under private tutors. He began
his insurance career when eleven years of age as office boy with the
Fidelity Mutual, passing through various stages of promotion in office
and field to the position of president. He is a member of the vestry and
Rector's Warden of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Annun-
ciation of Philadelphia, member and director of the Manufacturers'
Club, and a director of the Third National Bank of Philadelphia.
TALLEY, B. LEO, secretary of the Home Friendly Insurance
Company of Mar>'land is the son of the late Bernard L. Talley, a widely
known pioneer in the industrial life insurance business of this country.
He was educated at Niagara University, Niagara Falls, New York and
the Law Department of the University of Maryland. From the latter
he received the degree of LL.B. in 1898 and two years later attended the
lectures on insurance law. Mr. Talley entered the insurance business
as an agent. Served in various capacities in the Home Office, becom-
ing Chief Clerk of the Policy Department, Claim Adjuster, Cashier and
Auditor. He was elected vice-president of the Home Friendly, Sep-
tember 2, 1895, which position he held until the death of his father in
1898, when he was chosen secretary'. He takes an active interest in the
business, civil and political affairs of Baltimore, being a director of a
number of institutions and is on the board of governors of The Concord
Democratic Club; and member of The Baltimore Life Underwriters
Association.
TALLMAN, JAMES BURDICK, general agent for the Royal
Exchange Assurance of London in the western department, Chicago,
III., was born of American parentage at Ogdensberg, New York,
November 23, 1869. He was educated in the public schools of Ogdens-
burg and has devoted practically all his business life to fire insurance.
He has been in the service of the Royal Exchange Assurance for the
past fifteen years, and previously represented the Manchester and
Atlas Insurance Companies as special agent at the middle west states.
He was appointed to his present position as general agent of the Royal
Exchange for the states of Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota and
Biographical Sketchks 609
South Dakota in 1919. He is past master Myrtle Lodge No. 795,
A. F. and A. M., Chicago, and past loyal gander, Illinois Pond, of
the Ancient and Honorable Order of the Blue Goose.
TAYLOR, CHARLES GILLIES, Jr., vice-president and actuary
of the Atlantic Life Insurance Company, Richmond, Va., is a native of
Virginia, and was born of Scotch parentage in Petersburg, May 24,
1883. He was educated in the public and private schools and in the
Richmond high school, and started his business career as a stenographer.
He acquired his first insurance experience with the Fidelity and Cas-
ualty Company, later becoming connected with the Mutual Life of
New York. He then became connected with the Virginia insurance
department as actuary, and served as a member of the committee on
blanks of the Insurance Commissioners' Convention, and later was
elected secretary and actuary of the South Atlantic Life, now the
Atlantic Life Insurance Company. He is a director and third vice-
president of the Y. M. C. A., Director First National Bank, president
Hermitage Country Club, and former president American Life Conven-
tion.
TAYLOR, FREDERICK F., third vice-president of the Metro-
politan Life Insurance Company, was born in Cambria, Niagara County,
N. Y., August 21, 1863. His early years were spent in the service of the
United States Navy. In 1884 he went to the Arctic regions on
the Greely Relief Expedition. He afterwards made a cruise around the
world on the Flagship "Brooklyn." Leaving the Navy he entered the
insurance business as an Industrial Agent, and successively served as
district office clerk, assistant superintendent, superintendent, home
office inspector, supervisor and superintendent of agencies. In 1904, he
was appointed assistant secretary and pacific coast manager. In 1910,
he was appointed fifth vice-president and transferred to the Home
Office in New York; and in 1917 he became third vice-president.
TEMPLE, THOMAS C, secretary of the Phoenix Insurance
Company, was born in Illinois in 1857. He entered the service of the
Royal Insurance Company in 1881, of the Norwich Union Fire Insur-
ance Society in 1890, and of the Phoenix in 1896, with headquarters
at Philadelphia. He was called to the Home office of the Phoenix as
assistant secretary in 1904. He had charge of the company's adjust-
ments of losses incident to the great confmgrations at Baltimore and
San Francisco. He was elected secretary in 1907.
THOMAS, CHARLES F., assistant manager of the Western
Department of the Queen Insurance Company, Chicago, 111., has spent
most of his insurance career in the Southwestern field, and before
entering the service of the Royal Insurance Company, was state agent
of the Phenix Insurance Company of Brooklyn in Oklahoma and
Kansas. He became Texas state agent of the Royal in 1910, and was
apf)ointed to his present position in 1921.
THORBURN, A. M., broker and general agent, 80 Maiden Lane,
New York City. Born at Newark, N. J. Upon graduating from the
Newark Academy he entered the employ of the German-American
610 Cycxopsdia of Insurance
Insurance Company of New York, and in 1886 was appointed assistant
secretary of that company. In July, 1893, he resigned to accept the
position of secretary of the United States branch of the Sun Insurance
Office of London, which office he held until May i, 19 19, when he
severed his connection with the Sun Office, and retired from the execu-
tive end of the insurance business. He was elected secretary of the
New York Board of Fire Underwriters in 1894 and treasurer in 1906 and
was re-elected each year until 19 19* He was secretary and treasurer of
the New York Fire Insurance Exchange from 1908 to 19 19.
THURMAN, OLIVER, superintendent of agencies of the
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, Newark, N. J., was born in
McMinnville, Tenn., in 1877 and was educated in the schools of his
native town and in Terrill College; a private school in Tennessee.
Later he graduated from the North Texas State Normal school at
Denton, Texas, and following graduation was a teacher in the public
schools of that state for two years. ' He returned to the normal school as
instructor in physics and mathematics, and some two years later
organized at Denton, Texas, the John B. Denton College; a private
school of which he was for three years president; resigning therefrom
to enter life insurance work. His first msurance experience was as an
agent of the Mutual Benefit at Dallas, Texas, and in 1904 he removed
to Baltimore, where he was associated with his brother then general
agent of the Mutual Benefit Life for Maryland and Delaware. In 191 1,
he entered the service of the Phoenix Mutual Life at the home office as
assistant agency manager. He was later elected an assistant secretary
of the company, and in 19x7, became manager of the company's
Boston agency which he resigned to accept his present position.
THORNTON, ALBERT WARREN, fire underwriter, San
Francisco, Cal., is of Irish descent, and was bom at Perth, Ontario,
Canada, April 23, 1865. He was educated in the public schools and
in the Perth Collegiate Institute, from which he graduated in 1884,
and engaged in teaching. He began his insurance career in 1887 ^^
local agent at Crookston, Minn., and in 1890 removed to Tacoma,
Wash., entering the local agency field there. He was special agent
in the Pacific Coast field from 1992 to 1908, chief adjuster for the
London Assurance Corporation in the settlement of its San Francisco
losses in 1906, and a conference member of the *' Committee of Five "
on adjustments. In 1908 he was appointed joint manager for the
Pacific coast branch of the London Assurance Corporation and Niag-
ara Fire Insurance Company, and in 19 12 became manager for the
London Assurance Corporation, which position he now holds. He
was elected president of the Fire Underwriters Association of the
Pacific in 1905 and chairman of the executive committee of the Board
of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific in 19 13, being re-elected in 1914.
Elected vice-president of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific
in 1919 and president in 1920.
TOWNLEY, WELLINGTON REID, Chicago. III., general
agent of the British America and Western Assurance companies of
Toronto, is a native of Canada and was born of English-Irish parent-
Biographical Sketches 611
age in Norfolk County , Ontario, March 8, 1861. He was educated
in the schools of Ontario, and after a brief period of law study, entered
business as clerk and bookkeeper in a general store. While in this
position he solicited insurance as a side line. In 1881 he went to Chi-
cago, where he entered the local office of the British America, remaining
there until 1888, when he accepted a position at the home office en
the company as examiner. In 1890 he became special s^ent for the
British America for several middle western states, and m 1901 was
appointed general agent of the British America and Western Assur-
ance companies at Chicago. He was president of the Association of
Fire Underwriters of Missouri in 1896, and was president of the Fire
Underwriters Association of the Northwest for the year 19 13- 19 14.
TREZEVANT, JOHN TIMMOTHEE, Senior Member of the
firm of Trezevant & Cochran, general agents for a number of leading
English and American Insurance Companies of the Southwestern
Department, embracing Texas and other neighboring states. He was
born in Shelby County, near Memphis, Tennesee, October 18, 1842, his
ancestry being chiefly of French Huguenot families who settled in South
Carolina long before the Revolutionary War, from which place some of
them removed to Tennessee. He was educated for a Civil En^neer;
entered the Confederate Army at the beginning of the Civil War in
1861, and served in the Infantry branch throughout that struggle. At
the close of the war he was connected with the building of railroads for
several years, and especially the one from Memphis to Little Rock,
Arkansas, finally settling in the latter city, where he engaged in the
insurance business about 1870. On March i, 1876, he and the late
J. T. Dargan opened a general agency in Dallas, Texas, with the Fire
Association of Philadelphia, under the firm name of Dargan & Trezevant
which firm continued in business until July i, 1888, when the firm name
was changed to Trezevant & Cochran, — Mr. Cochran having been
admitted to partnership five years previous and Mr. Dargan retiring at
that time. The last named firm has continued in business up to this
time. Mr. Trezevant has been connected with many business and civic
enterprises, serving as director and vice-president of the City National
Bank, President of the State Fair and of the various underwriters*
organizations, and always taking an active interest in all matters for
the advancement of his city and state.
TRYON, GEORGE H,, formerly vice-president of the National
Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, was born at Buffalo, N. Y.,
March 6, 1866. He received a public and high school education, and
began his business career in fire insurance. He was eneaged successively
in local agency and field work, and was New- \ork State agent
of the National when called to the home office and appointed an
assistant secretary in May, 1904, and was elected secretary April
I, 1912, succeeding B. R. Stillman and vice-president, February
18, 19 18. Resigned from the National on March i. 1921. to become
associated with Marsh & McLennan, 80 Maiden Lane, New York City.
612 Cyclopedia of iNSUKAifCS
TUPPER, SAMUEL Y., Southern department manager of the
Queen Insurance Company of America, was bom at Charleston,
S. C., May i8, 1856, and is the son of the late Samuel Y. Tupper,
an eminent citizen and for more than a quarter of a century a promi-
nent underwriter of Charleston. The younger Tupper was grad-
uated from the University of Nashville in 1875, and immediately
began the study of fire underwriting in his father's office, where the
advantages for a sound and extended education were unusual. In
1877 he was admitted to partnership in the business. In 1884 Mr.
Tupper became special agent in the Southeastern department for
the Phenix of Brooklyn, of which his father had long been agent
and a director. The reputation gained in this service led to his
election as secretary of the Southeastern Tariff Association in
1891. After three years in this important and exacting field of
labor, he declined a re-election by the association in June, 1894, to
accept the management of the Southern department of the Queen,
with headquarters at Atlanta. He continued, however, on die
executive committee of the Southeastern Tariff Association, of
which he was made chairman, and at the annual meeting of the
association in 1896 he was unanimously elected president, serving
until May, 1898.
TYSON, (iEORGE H., Pacific Department manager for the
Great American, Phoenix of Hartford, American Alliance, Protec-
tor Underwriters' and Equitable Fire & Marine Insurance Compa-
nies, was born in 1863 in Denmark. His parents were pioneers in
California in 1849, and Mr. Tyson was born while they were on a
visit to the old country. He has lived in California since child-
hood. He began his business life as an office boy with the Fire-
man's Fund in 1879, and filled the positions of clerk, counterman,
special agent, adjuster, and assistant secretary, successively, in that
company. In May, 1891, Mr. Tyson was appointed Pacific Coast
Department manager for the (ireat American, and in 1897 the Amer-
ican Alliance Insurance Company was also placed in his hands. In
1901 he was ai)f)ointed Pacific Coast manager for the Phoenix of Hart-
ford and Protector Inderwriters. In 191 1 the Equitable Fire and
Marine Insurance Company of Providence, the controlling interest
of that company being purchased by the Phoenix, was added to the
agency. He is a member of the San Francisco Chamber of Com-
merce and the Merchants' (^lub, and the Bohemian Club, Clairmont
Country Club and of the Fire Underwriters Association of the Pa-
cific, and was secretary of this association in 1891. Mr. Tyson is a
prominent member of the Masonic order, a stockholder in numer-
ous local enterprises, and a director of the Chas. Nelson Company,
and the Old People's Home and other institutions in San Francisco.
UNDERWOOD, WILLIAM E., insurance journalist, was born
at New Orleans, La., November 8, i860. He was educated in the pub-
lic schools and left the high school when seventeen years old to enter
an insurance agency as ofhce boy. In 1882, when twenty-two years
old, he was assistant manager of the Denver compact. He was then
Biographical Sketches 613
successively manager of the compacts at St. Joseph, Mo., Mobile, Ala.,
and Joliet, 111. From 1889 to 1891 Mr. Underwoiod was manager of
and edited the New Orleans Vindicator, From 1891 to 1893 he was the
special representative of the Mutual Life of New York for its Louisi-
ana and Mississippi department. In 1894 he purchased the Insurance
Radiator f with which he was connected until 1899, when he again as-
sumed the editorial charge of the Vindicator of New Orleans. He
resigned the latter position in August, 1901, and became insurance
editor of the Daily States, New Orleans. He is now proprietor and
editor of The Insurance Critic, New York, and until recently, editor of
the Am: rican Agency Bulletin.
VAN DYKE, WILLIAM D., president of The Northwestern
Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was bom
in Milwaukee, August 15, 1856. He is the son of John H. Van Dyke,
president of the company from April 14, 1869 to January 28, 1874. ^^
was educated at Markham's Academy, Milwaukee, and at Princeton
University. After graduation from Princeton in 1878, he studied law
and was admitted to the bar. In his law practice, particularly in later
years, he made a specialty of questions involved in the law of insurance.
He was elected a trustee of the Northwestern in April, 1904, and a
member of the Finance and Executive Committees in July, 1904. He
retired from the active practice of law in August 1909, to devote his
entire time to the company. He was elected vice-president October 20,
1909, and president January 29, 1919.
VAN RIPER, JULIUS P., branch secretary of the Norwich
Union Fire Insurance Society, Limited, is a native of New York
city, where he was born on January JO, 1865. He began his career
in 1878 in a law office where he remained for nearly two years.
From the latter part of 1879 until 1885 he was associated with Mr.
Henry Villard in the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company and in
February, 1885, he entered the office of the Norwich Union Fire
Insurance Society, Limited, of which society he is now branch secre-
tary. The first eight years of his association with that office were
spent in the underwriting end of the business and in 1893 he was
appointed to the position of assistant branch secretary, which posi-
tion he held until August i, 1907, when he received his present
appointment.
VAN WINKLE, W., was bom in Rutherford, N. J., in 1879.
He was connected with the United States Casualty Company from
1900 to 1907, as assistant manap;er of the personal accident and health
departments, resigning that position to become assistant United States
manager of the Norwich & London. He was later secretary and general
manager of the Union National Accident Company, and in February,
1 9 14, joined this company as manager of the personal accident and
health departments. He was elected secretary m January, 19 15, and
in January, 19 19, was elected to the Board of Directors.
614 Cyclopedia of Insurance
VARDELL, THOMAS W., president of the Southwestern Life
Insurance Company, Dallas, Tex., was born in Cialveston, Tex., March
21, 1872, and began his insurance career at the age of fourteen as otiice
boy in the Galveston, Tex., agency of the Equitable Life Assurance
Society of New V'ork. He was subsequently promoted to assistant
cashier at Fort Worth and cashier of the Dallas office, then to be ^neral
manager for North Texas, and later was appointed super\'isor of
agencies for Texas and Oklahoma for the Equitable Life. In Januar>',
1908, he was elected vice-president of the Southwestern Life Insurance
Company, and in March, 191 1, was elected president of the company.
He was elected president of the American Life Convention in 1910,
serving one year, and was a member of the executive committee of the
convention from 191 1 to 1913.
VOSHELL, JONATHAN K., of Baltimore, manager of the Calvert
District of the \letropolitan Life, was born in Kent count\ , Delaware,
July 17, 1864. His education was obtained in the common schools
at Wyoming and Leipsic, Del. He became connected with the John
Hancock Mutual Life in January, 1881, and was appointed assistant
superintendent of agencies of that company in Boston in 1884. He
was made superintendent at Providence in June, 1887, and held that
position until 1894, when he took service with the Metropolitan Life
as superintendent at Pittsburgh, Pa. He was transferred to Brooklyn
in 1895 and was superintendent at that point until 1903, when
he was assigned to Baltimore. Mr. V^oshell was one of the
organizers of the Providence Life Underwriters Association in 18M7.
He has been a member of the executive committee of the National
Association for several years, and was elected to the chairmanship in
191 7, unanimous election to the presidency of the National Association
Life Underwriters at New York, September, 1918. He was appointed
in July, 1917, a member of No. i Draft Exemption Board in Baltimore
County by President Wilson but resigned later to take charge of the
work of organizing the local salesmanship committee of the Liberty
Loan Committee, serving as its chairman during the sale of the second,
third, fourth and fifth issues of Liberty Loan bonds. Mr. Voshell is a
Knight Templar and a member of the Shrine in Masonry and is an Elk.
He is also identified with other social and civic Ixxlies in Baltimore:
is a 32nd degree mason. He was appointed general chairman of Balti-
more City Loan Campaign Committee by Mayor William F. Broening.
in October 1920 to put before the voters referendum to bond city for
101 millions. Result of educational campaign for loans was an almost
unanimuous vote in favor of the issue. Appointed vice-chairman of
Board of Supervisors Baltimore City charities, January' 1922.
VREELAND, JOHN H., manager, United States department
of the Scottish Union and National Insurance Company, is a native
of New York state, and began his insurance career in the New York
office of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company,
later representing the company in the New York field as sp>ecial agent.
He joined the Scottish Union and National in 191 7 as assistant secretary
of its United States branch, and was appointed assistant manager in
Biographical Sketches 615
1919 and to his present position in 1920. He was elected president of
the Underwriters Association of New York state in 191 5, and is a direc-
tor of the Factory Insurance Association, member of the executive
committee of the New England Automobile Underwriters Conference
and active in other underwriting organizations.
WALKER, JOHN K., member of the firm of Moore, Case, Lyman
& Hubbard, Chicago, 111., was born in Chicago, 1878. He has been
engaged in fire insurance since boyhood and began his career in the
western department offices of the Springfield Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Company in 1897. His service took him through the different
departments to the position of examiner. He later accepted a similar
position with the Northern Insurance Company of London, and in
191 1 he entered the service of the Insurance Company of North America
in charge of the Cook county department. Two years later he was
appointed chief examiner, and in 19 15 superintendent of agencies.
He was appointed assistant manager of the western department of
the Insurance Company of North America in 19 19, but resigned in
1920 to become a member of the agency firm of Moore, Case, Lyman
& Hubbard.
WALLER, ARTHUR, assistant manager of the Royal Exchange
.Assurance, New York, was born in Flushing, New York, October 6,
1876. He received a public school education, and his business career
has been "Spent largely in the service of the Royal Exchange Assurance.
WALLIN, O. F., assistant United States manager of the General
Fire Assurance Company of Paris, Urbaine Fire Insurance Company
of Paris, and the Eagle, Star and British Dominions Insurance Company
Ltd., of London, in charge of the western department at Chicago, 111.,
began his insurance career with the National Fire Insurance Company
of Hartford in 1903 and served them until 1907 when he entered the
service of the National Inspection Company at Chicago, where he
remained two years, when he re-entered the service of the National.
He was appointed agency superintendent in 191 5 and assistant manager
in 1920, retiring March I, 1921 to take his present position, under
Fred S. James & Co., United States managers.
WARFIELD, RICHARD EMORY, president of the Hanover
Fire Insurance Company, New York, was born at "Manor Glen,"
Baltimore County, Md., August 11, 1855. His business career began
in 187 1 as junior clerk in the office of the Firemen's Insurance
Company of Baltimore, of which he became secretary in 1878. Mr.
Warfield resigned that office in 1882 to take the management of the
department of Maryland and Delaware for the Continental of New
York. In 1885 he transferred his services to the Royal, and was
placed in charge of the Baltimore department, composed of the
states of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia and North Carolina,
and the District of Columbia. On January i, 1896, the Baltimore
and Philadelphia departments of the Royal were consolidated, with
616 Cyclopedia of Insurance
headquarters at Philadelphia, and Mr. Warfield was transferred
to Philadelphia as assistant manager. He was appointed manager
in 1905, and resigned in 1906 to accept the presidency of the Hanover
Fire Insurance Company. He is a former president of the New York
Board of F"ire Underwriters and of the New York Fire Insurance
Exchange.
WASHBURNE, ALVA COURTENAY, actuary, Berkshire Life
Insurance Company, born at Mt. Auburn, III., 1866. Was educated at
Purdue University and the United States Military Academy. Was
assistant civil engineer of LaFayette, Ind., two years; taught mathe-
matics five years — including two years at the Massachusetts Agri-
cultural College. He entered the actuarial department of the Metro-
politan Life Insurance Company in 1895; became actuary of the Hart-
ford Life Insurance Company in 1906; was elected assistant actuary of
the Berkshire in 1910, and actuary in 191 1. He is an associate of the
Actuarial Society of America.
WATT, ROLLA VERNON, Pacific coast manager for the Royal,
Queen and Newark Insurance Companies, and Royal Indemnity
Company, was born at Camden, Preble county, Ohio, February 19,
1857. Reached the Pacific coast in 1876, where he was a clerk in a
bookstore until 1882, when his first acquaintance with insurance was
made. He entered the general agency office of Smith & Snow in San
Francisco, and in 1884 had charge of their city desk. In 1887 the firm
retired from the general agency business and Mr. Watt succeeded
them, thus becoming Pacific coast general agent for their three com-
panies, the American Central of St. Louis, Pacific Fire of New York
and Amazon of Cincinnati. The Liberty was in his agency from its
organization until its retirement when the Pacific coast business was
reinsured by the American Central. The Delaware of Philadelphia
came into the office succeeding the Liberty, the Amazon meantime
having retired, reinsuring its business in the Royal. In March, 1894,
Mr. VVatt resigned the general agency of these companies to take the
management of the Royal and Norwich Union for the Pacific coast. On
January i, 1896, he relinquished the management of the Norwich Union
to take that of the Queen in connection with the Royal. Became direc-
tor and resident manager Royal Indemnity Company on its organiza-
tion. The Newark Fire Insurance Company came under his manage-
ment, January' I, 191 7, became president of the Capital Fire Insurance
Company of Sacramento, July i, 1 921. Mr. Watt was president of
the Fire Underwriters Association of the Pacific for the year 1894. He
was a member of the Board of Fire Commissioners of San Francisco for
four years ending January' 8, 1904, is a director of the First National
Bank, First Federal Trust Company, Y. M. C. A., a trustee of the
University Mound Old Ladies Home and as director or trustee of
several other business and charitable and religious enterprises.
WAY, JOHN LATIMER, vice-president and director of The
Travelers Insurance Company and vice-president and director of The
Travelers Indemnity Company; director of the Aetna (Fire) Insurance
Company and of the Hartford-Connecticut Trust Company, and
Biographical Sketches 617
Trustee of the Mechanics Savings Bank, was born in Gilead, Tolland
County, Connecticut July i, i860 and received a common school
education. Commenced his insurance life at the Home Office of The
Travelers in 1879. It early became apparent to the officers of the
Comi>any that he possessed abilities peculiarly adapted to field work,
and upon transference to that department of the Company's affairs
his promotion was rapid. He served the Company as Special Agent
in Iowa and Nebraska for several years, and afterward as State Agent
for Connecticut and Rhode Island, and later was given the agency
control of Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Texas and Nebraska with head-
quarters at St. Louis, continuing in charge of this large and important
territory about thirteen years. Through untiring industry and phenome-
nal success he built up these state agencies, greatly increasing the
efficiency of the agency organizations and aiding so largely in the
profitable development of the Life, Accident and Liability business of
the Company that in 1903 he was recalled to the Home Office and
elected to the offices which he now holds, and incident to which he has
charge of the agency organizations of the Companies.
WAYMAN, WILLARD ORMSBY. San Francisco, fire under-
writer, has devoted his business life to fire underwriting. He is a
native of California and was born in San Francisco. August 16. 1 87 1.
He began his insurance career in the office of the Alta Insurance
Company of Stockton in 1889 and later became connerted with the
Pacific coast department of the Guardian of London and Sun Insurance
Office of London. In 1897 he was appointed manager of the Merchants'
Insurance Company of Newark and in 1901 formed the firm of McNear
& Wayman. representing the Merchants' of Newark and Girard Fire
and Marine of Philadelphia. He is at present general agent of the
National Fire of Hartford, Colonial Fire Underwriters, and Mer-
chants* and Traders' for the Pacific Coast territory.
WEEKS. RUFUS WELLS, one of the vice-presidents of the
New York Life Insurance Company, was born at Newark, N. J.,
August II, 1846, and is a son of Robert D. Weeks of that city, and
grandson of the Rev. William R. W^eeks, the noted abolitionist. He
was educated in the public schools and entered the actuarial depart-
ment of the New York Life in 1867, when twenty-one years of age.
He became the head of the department in 1883, and was elected
actuary of the company in 1885, second vice-president in 1903, and
vice-president in 1906. Mr. Weeks is a charter member and an
ex-president of the Actuarial Society of America. He is also an asso-
ciate member of the Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain and Ire-
land; a corresponding member of the Institute of French Actuaries,
and a member of the Society of Insurance Science of Germany.
WEEMS, SAM R., was born in Griffin, Ga., May 13, 1872 and
educated at Sam Bailey Institute, Griffin, Ga. He began his business
career in the wholesale grocery business with the Oglesby Grocery
Company, Atlanta, Ga., becoming the manager and director of the
company until 1903. He then became associated with the Ware
Manufacturing Company of Atlanta, as secretary and treasurer and
618 Cyclopedia of Insurance
later organized the Weems-Lockwood Furniture Company manufactur-
ers of furniture. He entered the life insurance business in 190 and
is at present seirior member of the firm of Weems and Albritton, Texas
state agents for the Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company,
Magnolia building, Dallas, Texas.
WEI N MANN, LOUIS, former secretar of the Fireman's Fund In-
surance Company of San Francisco. (See Death Roll.)
WELCH, ARCHIBALD ASHLEY, vice-president and actu-
ary of the Phcenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Hartford,
was bom in Hartford, October 6, 1859. He was educated in the
public and high schools of Hartford and graduated from Yale Col-
lege in the class of 1882. After graduation he entered the actuarial
department of the Travelers Insurance Company, and in 1890 en-
tered the service of the Phoenix Mutual Life as its actuary. He is a
member of the board of directors of that company, and is also a
member of the Actuarial Society of America, havmg served as its
president. He has served for fifteen years chairman of the high school
committee, and is a director and vice-president for the American School
for the Deaf of Hartford, a trustee for the Society for Savings, a director
of the Fidelity Trust Company, a director for the First Reinsurance
Company, a director of the Hartford Retreat for the Insane, a director
of the Hartford Chamber of Commerce. He was elected vice-president
of the Phoenix Mutual, January i, 1905.
WELD, WINFIELD S., superintendent of agencies, Berkshire
Life Insurance Company, Pittsfield, Mass., is a native of Illinois and
was born at Udina, Kane county, March 25, 1859. He was educated
in the Elgin Academy, and began his business career as stenographer
with J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company of Racine, Wis., later
becoming connected with the Central Union Telephone Company,
in Chicago. He began his insurance career in 1885 with W. D. Wyman,
now president of the Berkshire Life and entered the service of the Berk-
shire Life in 1889; eleven years later becoming cashier of the Chicago
ofHce. He was appointed to his present position in September, 1910.
WELLS, EDWIN E., agency superintendent of the western
department of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Com-
pany, Chicago, III. Began his insurance career in 1889. He repre-
sented the New York Underwriters Agency in the western field for
a number of years, and before going to western department head-
quarters in Chicago was state agent for the Liverpool and London and
Globe in Missouri and later in Illinois. He was appointed to his
present position January i, 1920. He is active in association affairs
and is past most loyal grand gander of the Blue Goose.
WELLS, DANIEL H., consulting actuary of the Connecticut Mu-
tual Life Insurance Company, was born in the town of Riverhead, Suf-
folk county, N. Y., August 19, 1845. He graduated from the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale University in 1867, and remained there seven
years as instructor in engineering and mathematics. In 1874 he be-
Biographical Sketches 619
came a clerk in the actuarial department of the Connecticut Mutual,
and in 1876 was placed in charge of the actuarial work of the company,
with the title of second assistant secretary. He was appointed assist-
ant secretary in 1878, and actuary in 1881. During his connection
with the company, Mr. Wells has prepared and published its mortal-
ity experience. He was elected president of the Actuarial Society in
1906 and 1907, Mr. Wells retired as actuary in 1918.
WENNSTROM, J. M., manager of the United States branch of
the Svea Fire and Life Insurance Company of Gothenburg, Sweden;
manager of the United States branch of the Christiania General Insur-
ance Company, of Christiania, Norway; President of the Hudson
Insurance Company of New York; was born in Gothenburg, Sweden,
April 13, 1878. He was graduated in 1897 from the Institute of Tech-
nology at Gothenburg, Sweden, as Mechanical Engineer, and thereupon
entered the Polytechnic Institute of the University of Zurich, Switzer-
land, from which he was graduated as Civil Engineer in 1900. Imme-
diately after receiving his Degree, he accepted a position in Switzerland
with the Bern-Neuchatel Railroad Company, as division engineer
during the construction of that railway. In 1902 he returned to
Sweden and was appointed engineer in charge of the construction work
of the Swedish Exposition held in the city of Helsingborg in 1903.
Upon completion of this work he entered the service of the Svea Fire
and Life Insurance Company as inspector in the home department. He
was transferred to the company's foreign department in 1907, with
the title of general inspector, and in that capacity travelled extensively
for the company in foreign countries. He was appointed United States
manager, for that company in 1916, and, for the Christiania General,
January i, 1918; in February, 19 19, president of the Hudson Insurance
Company.
WESLEY, FRANK AUGUSTUS, former vice-president and gener-
al manager of the Standard Life Insurance Company of Pittsburgh. He
began the life insurance business as an agent tor the New York Life
in Boston. He was one of the organizers and founders of the Columbian
National Life Insurance Company of that city, and held the follow-
ing positions with that company: Boston manager, New England
manager, assistant director of agencies, director of eastern agencies and
director of agencies; he was also one of the directors of the company.
In 19 10 he accepted the position of general manager of the Standard
Life Insurance Company, and remamed with them until February,
191 8, when he resigned to return to the Columbian National as gen-
eral agent for Western Pennsylvania.
WEST, EGBERT WATSON, president of the Glens Falls In-
surance Company, has spent his entire business career in the ser-
vice of the Glens Falls Insurance Company; entering its service
as a clerk. He was born in Glens Falls, N. Y., May i, 1863, and
received his education in the common schools of his native city.
He represented the Glens Falls Insurance Company as special
agent in the New York State and middle department field for
620 Cyclopedia of Insuranxe
twenty years, when he was called to the home office as assistant
secretary, then elected secretary, afterward made vice-president and
president in January, 1920. He is a trustee of the Glens Falls hospital.
WESTFALL, DR., J. V. E., vice-president of The Equitable
Life Assurance Society of the United States, 120 Broadway New York,
was born in 1872 at Dresserville, New York. He is a graduate of
Cornell University and of the University of Leipzig. He commenced his
business life with the firm of Haskins and Sells, public accountants.
In 1907 he entered the service of The Equitable Life in a subordinate
position from which he has risen rapidly to his present office to which
he was elected in February' 1922.
VVHELAN, THOMAS A., president of the Fidelity and Deposit
Company of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, was born in Baltimore,
October 4, 1854. His father was Thomas Whelan, Jr., who was a
prominent member of the Maryland bar, and his grandfather, also
named Thomas Whelan, was one of the defenders of Baltimore in the
Battle of North Point in the war of 18 12. He received his education
at Rockhill Colleee, Ellicott City, and received his degree in law from
the University of Maryland. Immediately upon his graduation he
began the practice of his profession, and while practicing law he was
consulted by the Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland on legal
matters, and this eventually led to his being called to take charge of
the Legal Department of the Company in 1892. A year later, on
January 10, 1893, he was elected a member of the board of directors.
He has been continuously in the service of the company for a period
of 28 years. Mr. Whelan was made a member of the executive com-
mittee on January 8, 1895. In 1899 he was elected fourth vice-presi-
dent; on January 12, 1904, second vice-president and on January 9,
1906, was made first vice-president. On January 20, 1920, he was
elected president of the company to succeed the late Edwin Warfield.
WHITE. HERBERT HUMPHREY, treasurer of the Con-
necticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, is a native of Hartford,
where he was born July 3, 1858. He entered the Hartford High School
at the age of twelve years, but left at the close of the junior year to
enter the service of the Hartford Trust Company. He was then fif-
teen years old. Four years later he accepted an offer of a clerkship
in the Phoenix National Bank of Hartford with which he was con-
nected for twenty years, rising by successive promotions to assistant
cashier, which position he held nine years, until his election to the
secretaryship of the Connecticut Mutual Life, which took place Janu-
ary 21, 1899. He had previously been for four years an auditor of
that company. On March 23, 1906, the office of treasurer was created
and he was advanced from the secretaryship and elected to the new
office. Mr. White was a member of the Hartford Common Council
for six years, serving four years as councilman and two years as alder-
man. He was president of the council board for one year, 1896. In
February, 1900, Mr. White was elected president of the Colonial Club
Biographical Sketches 621
of Hartford, and continued to hold the ofHce until the union of the
Colonial and Hartford clubs in April, 1901. He is active in all lines
of civic development.
WHITLOCK, JOSEPH L., formerly second vice-president of the
Glens Falls Insurance Company, Glens Falls, N. Y. [See Death Roll.]
WHITMAN, HENRY PIRTLE, assistant secretary Phoenix
Fire Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn., was born in Louisville, Ky.,
in 1872. His boyhood life was spent in New England and New York,
where he received his education, and began his msurance career as a
clerk in the southern department offices of the Queen Insurance Com-
pany in Louisville, and continuing in the service of that company
when the offices were removed to Atlanta in 1894. In 1898 he became
examiner in the office of the New York Underwriters Agency, and
from June 1902 to 1906 was special agent for the Trezevant & Cochran
General Agency of Dallas in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. He
entered the service of the Phoenix Fire in 1906 as special agent in
Louisiana and Mississippi, and three years later was transferred to the
Pennsylvania and Delaware field. He was called to the home office of
the Phoenix in 1914, with the title of general agent, and was elected
to his present position in January, 1916.
WHITTELSEY, \V. F., marine vice-president of the iEtna Insur-
ance Company, was born in Hartford, October 18, 1856. He received a
common and high school education, and has been connected with the
JEtnsL Insurance Company, for thirty-six years. He was elected marine
assistant secretary in 1908, and elected marine secretary in January,
1912, and elected marine vice-president in January, 1917.
WILBUR, J. R., second vice-president of the Continental Insur-
ance Company, in charge of the western department offices, Chicago,
111., is a native of New York and was born in Leeds in 1875. He grew
up in Chicago and was educated in the public schools of that city and
Cornell University from which he received the degree of mechanical
engineer in 1897. He entered the service of the Continental in 1898
as inspector, later becoming department engineer. He represented
the company as special agent on the Pacific Coast, and in 1908 was
again called to the Chicago office later becoming assistant secretary,
and in 19 16 was appointed secretary. A year later he was placed
in charge of the company's western department, and was given his
present title in 1920.
WILLET, HUGH MILLER, general agent Penn Mutual Life
Insurance Company, Atlanta, Ga., was born in Penfield, Ga., July 22,
1858. His father being Professor of Natural Science and Chemistry
in Mercer University, and author of " Wonders of Insect Life." Grad-
uating from Mercer University in June, 1878, Mr. W'illet began his
business career as a cotton factor in Macon. For five years he was
with the First National Bank of that city, and was for seventeen
years assistant manager of the New York Life Insurance Company
for Georgia, Florida and Tennessee. In 1902 he purchased of H. C.
622 Cyclopedia of Insurancb
Bagley a half interest in the general agency of the Penn Mutual Life
at Atlanta, one of the largest in the south. Mr. Willet was pred-
dent of the Georgia Association of Life Insurers in 1910. He «-as
chairman of the executive committees of the National Association of
Life Underwriters in 19 13- 19 14, and was elected president of the
National Association at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1914. He is president Anti-
Tuberculosis Association, trustee Y. M. C. A., and chairman of the
Board of Deacons of the First Baptist Church, and trustee of Mercer
University at Macon, Ga., and president of the Alumni Association of
the University. He is first vice-president of the Penn Mutual Agem-v-
Association composed of general agents and agents of the Penn Mu-
tual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia. He is a member of
the Capital City Club, The Ten Club, the Presidents* Club, andisal^o
a Mason.
WILLIAMS. ALMERON NEWBERRY, a vice-president of
the i^tna Insurance Company, entered the insurance business, after
receiving a common school education, as a stenographer in the office
of the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, and later
represented the company in the western New York field, having
headquarters at Rochester. He was bom in Hartford, January 19,
1862. From the western New York field he was called to the home
office and placed in charge of the western New England field In
May, 1897, he was appointed special agent in the same field for the
i^tna, and in December, 1902, was elected assistant secretary, and
in April, 1912, was appointed to his present position.
WILLIAMS, ROBERT H., assistant United States manager of
The Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Comj>any, Limited.
secretar>' of the Star Fire Insurance Compxany of New York and secre-
tary and treasurer of The Prudential Insurance Company of Great
Britain, located in New York, was born in Nashville, Tenn., in 18&6,
where he began his insurance career in 1904 with the insurance agency
of W. D. Ciale: six years later, he was appointed special agent in
Kentucky and Tennessee for the Insurance Company of North America
of Philadelphia and the Ph ladelphia Underwriters. After two v'ears
in that service Mr. Williams joined the field staff o'' the "Liverpool
and London and Globe" in the same territory, from which he was
subsequently transferred to western New York, and where he remained
until 1919 when he was called to the New York office of the company.
On January, 1920, he was appointed as assistant deputy manager of the
"Liverpool and London and Globe" and on February i, 1922, was
advanced to the position of assistant manager of this Company.
WILLMOTT, P. H., secretary and director of the Agricultural
Insurance Company, Watertown, N. Y., was born in Milton, Ontario.
Canada, June 9, 1872. He was educated in the Toronto public schools
and began his business career as an accountant. He began his insurance
career m the office of the Lancashire Insurance Company at Toronto,
and entered the service of the Agricultural Insurance Company in 1900,
He was appointed assistant secretary in 1904, a director in ipii and
secretary in January, 1919. He is on the boards of a number of Water-
Biographical Sketches 623
town's financial and civic institutions, and has devoted much time to
public health work.
WILSON, GEORGE THOMSON, former second vice-president of
the Equitable Life Assurance Society, is a native of the City of New
York, where he was born September 2 , 1859. He comes from Scotch-
Irish stock. While a student at the College of the City of New York in
1875, he saw a newspaper advertisement for an office boy in the office
of the Equitable Life, applied for the position, received it, and went to
work vigorously for the company. Shortly afterward Vice-President
Alexander wanted a stenographer and private secretary and appointed
Mr. Wilson. The youne man became general utility in the company's
offices, and known to all callers on business. His rise was rapid. He
was successively general executive clerk, second assistant secretary,
assistant secretary, fourth vice-president, third vice-president, and was
elected second vice-president in March, 1907. Mr. Wilson received
the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Princeton University in
1892. He is a director in the Equitable Life Assurance Society, Union
Exchange National Bank, Amencan Surety Co., and Equitable Trust
Company. Mr. Wilson resigned as vice-president in 1919, but con-
tinues with the company in an advisory capacity, and is vice-president
of the Harriman National Bank, New York, city.
WING, ASA S., president of The Provident Life and Trust Com-
pany of Philadelphia, was born at Sandwich, Mass., January 29,
1850. Educated at the Moses Brown School, Providence, R. I., he
entered the service of the Provident in 1867, two years after the organ-
ization of the company, as an assistant to Rowland Parry, actuary.
He was appointed assistant actuary in 1873, and upon Mr. Long-
streth's death in 188 1, was elected vice-president, still retaining the
office of assistant actuary. In 1883 on the retirement of Mr. Parry
he was made actuary, and served until 1899, when David G. Alsop
was made actuary and Mr. Wing retained the title of vice-president
only. In January, 1906, he was elected president, Samuel R. Shipley,
who had been president of the company continuously since organization
in 1865, having declined re-election. Mr. Wing is also president and
director of the Provident Trust Company of Philadelphia which is
taking over from The Provident Life and Trust Company of Philadel-
phia its business other than life insurance under a plan for mutualiza-
tion of The Provident Life and Trust Company of Philadelphia. Mr.
Wing is a director of the Philadelphia National Bank.
WINSLOW, EUGENE H., president of the Metropolitan Casualty
Insurance Company of New York, who was elected president of the
company September 10, 1895, following the death of President Henry
Harteau, is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y., where he was born in March,
1856. He received his education in that city and entered the office of
John G. Schumaker for the study and practice of law. In February,
1874, he was induced by Mr. Harteau, then organizing the Metropol-
itan, to engage in the business of plate glass insurance, the company
at that time confining its operations to tne plate glass business. Mr.
624 Cyclopedia of Insurance
Winslow began as a clerk, being the first man employed in any capacity
by that company. He has been in continuous service with the Metro-
politan ever since, and worked his way up through the various steps to
the position of secretary in 1887, and president in 1895.
WISTER, CHARLES J., former vice-president of the Reliance
Insurance Company of Philadelphia, was born at Germantown, Pa.,
May 26, 1869. He entered the service of the Reliance April i, 1886,
and became a special agent for the company in 1 889; in 1892 he was
elected secretary and was elected vice-president also in November, 1909,
but following a change in control of the company in 192 1, he was ap-
pointed general agent.
WOLFE, S. HERBERT, consulting actuary, is a native of Balti-
more, Md., where he was born March 19, 1874. After a preliminary
training in the schools of Baltimore, he received further education in
the New York College and Queen's Laboratory. He first became con-
nected with the insurance department of Connecticut when placed
in charge of the investigation of the assessment companies of that
state which resulted in radical changes taking place in their manage-
ment. On the resignation of Mr. Wilson he was appointed actuary of
the department. Mr. Wolfe is a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Soci-
ety, of the American Statistical Association, Casualty Actuarial and
Statistical Society, and other scientific socities, and maintains an
office in the City of New York as consulting actuary. He is also con-
nected with the insurance departments of various states and with
various companies. He was appointed a member of the SF>ecial com-
mission to frame a pension law for civic employees in New York City.
He was commissioned a captain, in the officers' reserve corps, quarter-
master's department, United States Army, ordered into active service
June, 1917. Served abroad from September, 191 7 to Januarys, 1918
and detailed by General Pershing to establish European O fice. War
Risk Insurance Bureau in France. Promoted to major, Januar>', 1918,
lieutenant-colonel July 19 18 and Colonel October 191 8. Honorably
discharged April 19 19, and commissioned Colonel in the Reserve Corpus
August 1920. Appointed Brigadier General, Finance Reserve Corps
by President Harding and confirmed by the Senate, November, 192 1.
WOODS, WILLIAM T., president of the Lloyds Plate Glass
Insurance Company of New York, was born in that city July 20,
1851, and received his education in the public schools. He went
into an insurance broker's office in New York when seventeen years
old, and was In the brokerage business until 1879, when he became
interested in plate glass underwriting. He was the first secretary of
the Lloyds Plate Glass which was established in 1882. He succeeded
to the presidency in January, 1893.
WOODWORTH, C. H., president of the Woodworth-Hawley
Co., an insurance agency at Buffalo, N. Y., was born upon a farm
in northern Ohio in 1845. He worked on the farm and studied in
the common and academic schools there until 1864, when he removed to
Buffalo. He was employed in mercantile houses until 1866, when he
Biographical Sketches 625
accepted a clerkship in the fire insurance office of Dirck V. Benedict.
He was appointed agent of the Niagara Fire of New York August i,
1868. Other companies afterward joined his agency, and in January,
1884, he formed a partnership with Edward S. Hawley. The business
was incorporated May i, 1898. Mr. Wood worth is a charter member
of the National Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents, and was
vice-president of that organization from 1896 to 1898, and its president
from 1898 to 1900.
WOODWARD, GEORGE B., second vice-president of the Met-
ropolitan Life Insurance Company, was born at Haverhill, Mass.,
August 17, 1852, and received his education in the Boston grammar
and high schools. He has been devoted to the business of life insur-
ance from the time of leaving school. At the age of sixteen years he
entered the office of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Com-
pany, where he learned the details of the business, and six years later,
on August I, 1874, he accepted the appointment of correspondence
clerk of the John Hancock Life. Mr. Woodward was elected secre-
tary of the company in February, 1875. ^^ May, 1894, ^^ was elected
secretary of the Metropolitan Life, and in October, 1901, was made
third vice-president and a second vice-president on November 28, 1916.
He is a charter member of the Actuarial Society of America.
WOOLSTON, PAUL LIVINGSTON, consulting actuary, Den-
ver, Col., was born in Camden, N. J., March 3, 1874. He was
educated in the grammar and high schools of Asbury Park, N. J., and
in Pennington Seminary, Pennington, N. J., and graduated from
Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., with the degree of B. S.
After two years' experience as teacher of mathematics he entered the
actuarial department of the New York Life Insurance Company in
1899, remaining with the company four years. He then entered the
service of the Spectator company and compiled its life insurance sta-
tistical publications, later becoming assistant actuary of the Hart-
ford Life Insurance Company. Subsequently he was manager of the
Louisiana National Life Assurance Society of New Orleans. Since
1906 he has been a consulting actuary and insurance accountant with
headquarters at Denver, and in that capacity has done much work
for insurance companies and state insurance departments.
WRAY, ALEXANDER H., former United States manager of the
Commercial Union Assurance Company, the Palatine Insurance
Company of London, and Union Assurance Society, Ltd., of Lon-
don, and president of the Commercial Union Fire Insurance Com-
pany of New York, was born in the City of New York in November,
1842. In February, 1869, he entered the office of the Star Fire Insur-
ance Company as application clerk. He was appointed secretary of
the Northern of Watertown in 1874, and on the reinsuring of that
company in 188 1 entered the field as an independent adjuster.
From 1883 he was general agent of the Commercial Union for New
England, until, on May i, 1889, he was appointed assistant manager.
On the death of Manager Sewall in December, 1898, Mr. Wray
was appointed his successor but retired March i, 1920.
626 Cyclopedia of Insubance
WRIGHT. BURTON H.. president State Mutual Life Insurance
Company, Worcester, Mass., is a native of Connecticut and was bom
in Killingworth, Conn., January 12, 1859. He was educated in the
Morgan High School, Clinton, Conn, and be^an his insurance career as
a clerk in the office of the State Mutual Life in 1879, and was advanced
through different official positions to the presidency in 1 910. He is a
member of several clubs and social organizations, a bank director and
a director of other business institutions and a trustee of the Worcester
City Hospital.
WRIGHT, WILLIAM A., comptroller-general and insurance
commissioner of Georgia, is a native of Louisville in that state, where
he was born January 19, 1844. On the impeachment and removal of
Comptroller-General Goldsmith in 1879, ^r. W'right was appointed
to fill the vacancy. He was elected to fill a full term in 1880, and since
then has been biennially re-elected by the people.
WYMAN, WILLIAM D., president of the Berkshire Life Insur-
ance Company, was born at Hillsboro Bridge, N. H., April 24, 1859.
His first occupation was that of a school teacher. In December, 1883,
he began his life insurance career as a solicitor at Chicago for the
Massachusetts Mutual Life. June i, 1885, he was appointed one of the
general agents of th'e company at Chicago. April 22, 1889, he was
appointed Illinois state manager for the Berkshire Life Insurance
Company, and on October 31, 1908, was elected vice-president and
treasurer. On January 20, 191 1, was elected president and treasurer
of the company. He was the president in 1892 and 1897 of the Chi-
cago Life Underwriters Association, and of the National Association
of Life Underwriters for 1901-1902.
WYPER, JAMES, former manager of the Pacific coast depart-
ment of the London & Lancashire Fire Insurance Company, and the
Orient Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn., was bom in Dura-
fries, Scotland, January 26, 1864. He was educated in the public
and high schools of Liverpool, and for a time was employed as a
hardware salesman in New Zealand. He entered the New York
ffice of the London & Lancashire Fire Insurance Company in
April, 1888, and filled, at various times, all positions in the under-
writing department, up to chief clerk. In January, 1896, he was
appointed special agent for New York State, and entered the service
of the Union of London as special agent for large cities in the
West, April, 1897. He was appointed agency manager for the west-
ern department of Hall & Henshaw Companies, in April, 1899, ^^^
October i, 1900, was appointed secretary of the Orient Insurance
Company. On the removal of the underwriting department of the
London & Lancashire to Hartford in December, 1905, he was ap-
pointed agency secretary of that company. In August, 1906, he was
transferred to the Pacific coast as manager for the two companies.
He was elected a vice-president of the Hartford Fire Insurance
Company in 1913.
! Biographical Sketches 627
YATES. MORTIMER B., Philadelphia, Pa., was born in Leeds,
England, and educated at Halifax, England, coming to America
at the age of twenty. He was engaged in the local agency business
for several years in Texas, afterwards becoming special agent of the
German of Freeport for Texas and Arkansas, resigning to become
special agent of the Imperial of London for Texas, Arkansas, Louis-
iana, Oklahoma, and Indian Territory, under the southern depart-
ment. When the Imperial retired from the United States, Mr. Yates
gave his active attention for three years to the oil business in the
Beaumont district, where he was already largely interested. When
the Atlanta-Birmingham Fire Insurance Company was organized, he
became home office special agent, having jurisdiction over the com-
pany's business in all the large cities. He resigned October i, 1906,
to form a general agency partnership with Robt. N. Hughs, under the
firm name of Hughs & Yates, which later became Hughs, Yates & Hurt,
and which was dissolved in 191 5. He was state agent for the Peoples
National and United Fireman's for Georgia, Florida and Alabama,
and was elected secretary of the Peoples National February, 1917;
also elected secretary of United Fireman's Insurance Company,
March, 1917.
YOUNG, JAMES R., former insurance commissioner of North
Carolina, was born in Granville county, N. C, February 17, 1853. He
attended the Hampden-Sidney College in Virginia, and for a time
was engaged in the drug business. He was clerk of the Superior Court
of Vance county, N. C, for ten years, and has done a general insurance
business for twenty-five years, and was general agent for the Nether-
lands Life Insurance Company. He is a prominent member of the
Democratic party, being chairman of the executive committee of the
Concessional District and a member of the State committee. ^ When
the insurance department of North Carolina was established in 1899
he was elected commissioner by the legislature. He has made a suc-
cess of the new department, and in 1901 was re-elected unanimously
for a term of four years, and has been commissioner ever since. In
1907 the ofBce was made an elective state office and at the general
election, 1909, he was elected to serve until 1913 and re-elected at
each election since. Mr. Young resigned as insurance commissioner
in 1920.
SKETCHES THAT HAVE PREVIOUSLY APPEARED.
The following is a list of biographical sketches which have pre-
viously appeared in the Cyclopedia, with a reference to the volume
in which they may be found.
AFFELD, CHARLES E., Chicago, 111., Vol. for 1915.
AFFELD, F. O., Chicago, 111., Vol. for 1913-14.
ALEXANDER, JAMES WALLACE, former president National
Association Local Agents, Alexandria, La., Vol. for 1915.
ALLEN, EDWARD WARNER, New York, Vol. for 1915.
628 Cyclopedia of Insurance
ALLEN, FRANCIS B., (deceased). Vol. for 1921.
ALLISON, YOUNG E., Editor Insurance Field, Louisville, Ky.,
Vol. for 19 1 5.
ALVERSON. H. C. Des Moines. la.. Vol. for 1915.
ARMSTRONG, DAVID W.. Jr., New York, Vol. for 1915.
ANDRUS, SHERWOOD DICKERSON. Vol. for 1916.
ASHBROOK. JOSEPH, Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1913-14.
ATWOOD, HORACE F., retired. Rochester. N. Y., Vol. for
1913-14-
BABB, GEORGE W.. (deceased), Vol. for 1920.
BABCOCK. JOHN J., Philadelphia. Pa.. Vol. for 1915.
BACON, EDWIN HUGH, editor Coast Review, San Francisco.
Cal.. Vol. for 191 5.
BAILEY. LESTER V., Worcester, Mass., Vol. for 1915.
BALDWIN, WILLIAM C, Pittsburgh, Pa., (deceased), VoL for
1916.
BARRY, CHARLES HART, president Pennsylvania Fir«,
(deceased) Vol. for 191 8.
BAYARD, LOUIS P., Jr.. New York, N. Y., Vol. for 1913-14.
BEALS, ARTHUR d., Secretary Providence- Washington, In-
surance Company, Providence, R. I., Vol. for 19 15.
BEARDSLEY, EDWARD WATSON, Hartford. Conn., VoL
for 1915.
BEDDALL, EDWARD F., (deceased) Vol. for 1918.
BELCHER. CHARLES EDWIN, The Standard, Boston, Mass.,
Vol. for 19 1 5.
BENSON, R. DALE, Philadelphia. Pa.. Vol. for 19 13-14.
BERDAN. WILLIAM SIBLEY, (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
BERGSTRESSER, J. L.. Insurance World, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Vol. for 19 15.
BEVIER. BENJAMIN, Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1915.
BIRDSEYE, ARTHUR J. (deceased) Vol. for 1921.
BIORAN. JOHN S., Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1911-13.
BLACKWELDER, I. S., Chicago, III., Vol. for 1915.
BLODGETT, TILDEN, New York, N. Y.. Vol. for 1911-13.
BREWSTER. JAMES H.. (deceased), Vol. for 1920.
BRINKERHOFF. JOH.n J., actuary (deceased) Vol. for 1918.
BROOKS, CHARLES I.. Vol. for 1915.
BROWN. GARRETT, St. Louis. Mo., Vol. for 1915.
BROWN TARLETON, St. Louis Mo.. Vol. for 1915.
BROWN, J. W^OODS, Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1915.
BUCHANAN, JOHN, Boston, Mass., Vol. for 1915.
BULLOCK, A. GEORGE, Worcester, Mass., Vol. for 1913-14.
BULLARD, A. F., Chicago, III., Vol. for 1915.
BURR, WILLIAM H., Detroit, Mich.. Vol. for 1915.
BLRTIS, AREUNAH MARTIN, New York, Vol. for 1917.
BURTIS. DAVID J.. New York. N. Y.. Vol. for 1915.
BUSH. HARRY. Greensboro. N. C. Vol. for 1915.
BUTTON. JOSEPH. Richmond. Va.. Vol. for 1915.
CAMPBELL. EDWARD T.. St. Louis, Mo., (deceased). VoL for
1916.
Biographical Sketches 629
CAREY, J. A., San Francisco, Cal., Vol. for 1915.
CARTWRIGHT. CHARLES M., Chicago, III., Vol. for 1915.
CASE, CHARLES L., (deceased) Vol. for ic2i.
CASTLEMAN, JOHN B., (deceased), Vol. for 1911-13 (Fire).
CHRISTY. EDWIN WAKEFIELD, Cleveland, Ohio, Vol. for
1913-14.
CLARK. ERNEST J., Baltimore Md., Vol. for 1915.
CLEMENCE, E. R., Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1915.
CLIFFORD, CHARLES C, Vol. for 1921.
COBBAN, WALTER H., Pittsburgh, Pa., Vol. for 1911-13.
COCHRAN, RICARD ELLIS (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
COHEN, MAX, Washington, D. C, Vol. for 1915.
COLE. WILLIAM Q., Jackson, Miss., Vol. for 1915.
CONGDON, GILBERT, New York, Vol. for 1913-14.
CORNISH, JOHN B.. (deceased) ,Vol. for 1920.
CRITCHELL. ROBERT S.. Chicago, III., Vol. for 1911-13.
CROCKETT, LEWIS W.. (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
CURTIS, ALBERT H. Boston. Mass., Vol. for 1915.
DANA, GEORGE S., Boston, Mass., Vol. for 1911-13.
DARLING, THOS. H., Vol. for 1921.
DAY, FREDERICK WM., (deceased) Vol. for 1921.
DEALY, TIMOTHY W., Atlanta, Ga., Vol. for 1915.
DEARDEN, ROBERT R., Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1915.
DEARTH. ELMER H., Vol. for 1911-13.
DE LEON. EDWARD WARREN, New York, N. Y., (deceased)
Vol. for 191 7.
DEMING. WM. H., (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
DICKSON. ROBERT, Vol. for 1911-13.
DOBBINS. EDWARD L., Newark, N. J. (deceased). Vol. for
1916.
DOBBS, CHARLES. Louisville. Ky., Vol. for 1915.
DONE, WILLARD, Utah, Vol. for 1916.
DOUGLAS, FRANK HOWARD, (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
DREW. CYRUS K., Denver, Col., Vol. for 1915.
DREWRY. LUCIUS D.. Cincinnati. O.. Vol. for 1915.
DUNHAM, DONALD AUSTIN, Vol. for 1919.
DUTTON, WM. J., San Francisco, Cal., Vol. for 1918.
DUVAL, W. S., San Francisco, Cal.. Vol. for 191 5.
DYER, W. H., Boston. Mass., Vol. for 1915.
EDMONDS, J. FRANK. Denver, Col.. Vol. for 1915.
EDWARD, LEMUEL BLUFORD, San Francisco, Cal., Vol. for
1918.
EGLESTON. THOMAS, Atlanta, Ga. (deceased). Vol. for 1916.
EKERN, HERMAN L., Vol. for 1913-14.
ELLISON, EUGENE L., Philadelphia, Pa. (deceased). Vol. for
1916.
EMMET, WILLIAM T., New York, N. Y., Vol. for 1911-13.
ESTEE, JAMES B., Montpelier. Vt., Vol. for 1911-13.
FABJ, ROBERT, San Francisco, Cal., Vol. for 1918.
FAYMONVILLE, BERNARD, President Fireman's Fund,
(deceased) Vol. for 19 18.
630 Cyclopedia of Insurance
FAXON. WALTER COLLYER. (deceased). Vol. for 1920.
FERRIS, HENRY J., secretary Home Insurance Company,
(deceased), Vol. for 1921.
FIBEL, LOUIS H., New York, N. Y., (deceased). Vol. for 1916.
FISHER, WALTER I., Vol. for 1911-13.
FLITCRAFT, ALLEN J.. Oak Park, 111., Vol. for 1915.
FOGARTY. JOHN T., San Francisco. Cal., (deceased). Vol. for
1917.
FORSYTH, ROBERT B., Cheyenne, Wyo., Vol. for 1915.
FRANKLAND, F. W., Vol. for 1911-13.
GAGE. WILLIAM T., Detroit. Mich.. Vol. for 1915.
GALACAR, CHARLES E.. Springfield, Mass. (deceased), Vol.
for 1916.
GAY, EDWARD S., Atlanta, Ga. (deceased). Vol. for 1916.
GEORGE, WALTER A.. Vol. for 192 1.
GIDDINGS, T. F., Detroit, Mich., (deceased). Vol. for 1915.
GLIDDEN, H. H., Chicago. 111.. Vol. for 1915.
GOODING, JOHN M., Portland. Maine. Vol. for 1915.
GREELEY. OTTO ETHAN, Chicago. III. (deceased), V^ol. for
GRIFFITHS. JOSEPH C. Chicago. III.. Vol. for 1915.
HAAS, GEORGE ERNEST. Vol. for 1920.
HADLEY, GEORGE F., (deceased), Vol. for 1913-14.
HALL. ARCHIBALD G.. New York. N. Y.. Vol. for 1915.
HALL. ORVILLE H.. Atlanta. Ga., Vol. for 1915.
HAMMOND. WILLIAM B.. Harrisburg. Pa., Vol. for 1913-14.
HARPER, WILLIAM R.. PhiladelphU. Pa.. Vol. for 19 15.
HARRELL. ARTHUR E.. New York. N. Y., Vol. for 1913-14.
HARRIS, DAN B., Atlanta, Ga.. (deceased), Vol. for 1917.
HASKELL, WALTER W.. San Francisco. Cal.. Vol. for 1913-14.
HASTINGS, JAMES FREDERICK, (deceased) Vol. for 1918.
HATCH. EDWARD B.. Chicago. 111., Vol. for 1915.
HAYNES, EDGAR JOHN, (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
HEARN. EDWARD L.. New York. N. Y.. Vol. for 1916.
HEGEMAN, JOHN R., (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
HEGEMAN, JOHN R., Vol. for 1921.
HERRICK, HAROLD, New York. N. Y., Vol. for 1918.
HINE. C. G. & A. E.. New York, Vol. for 1915.
HISCOCK. HENRY LOWELL, (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
HITCHCOCK, C. I., Louisville, Ky., Vol. for 1915.
HOADLEY, PHILEMON LYMAN, President, American Fire,
Newark (deceased) Vol. for 19 18.
• HOLMES, E. B., Boston, Mass., Vol. for 1918.
HOLMES, EARLES F.. New York, Vol. for 1915.
HOLMES, FRANK F.. Chicago, Vol. for 1913-14.
HOPKINS, LOUIS F.. New York, Vol. for 1915.
HOSFORD, ALBERT R., New York, (deceased). Vol. for 1917.
HOST, ZENO M., Milwaukee, (deceased). Vol. for 1915.
HOWARD, ALFRED F., (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
HOWE, WILLL-XM T., vice-president Phoenix Insurance Com-
pany, (retired), V^ol. for 192 1.
Biographical Sketchbs 631
HOWELL, CHARLES F.. New York, Vol. for 1915.
HOYT, GEORGE W., New York, Vol. for 1918.
HUBBARD, RALPH K., New York, Vol. for 1913-14.
HUBBARD, CHAS. D., special agent. Vol. for 1918.
HULING, A. H., Des Moines, (deceased) Vol. for 1915.
IDE, GEORGE EDWARD, (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
INGRAM, J. C, (deceased). Vol. for 1920.
IRVIN, C. J.. Philadelphia, Vol. for 1915.
JACKSON, J. A., New York, Vol. for 1915.
JANNEY, JAMES W., (deceased), Chicago, Vol. for 1915-
JANVIER, CHARLES, New Orleans, Vol. for 1915.
JENNEY, CHARLES A., New York, Vol. for 1915.
JENNESS, FRANK W., Rochester, N. Y., Vol. for 1913-14.
JONES, FRANK M., (deceased). Vol. for 1920.
JONES, WM. H., Vol. for 1918.
KEHR, GUSTAV, vice-president National Liberty Insurance
Company, New York, (retired), Vol. for 192 1.
KIEFER, FRED W., Pittsburgh, Vol. for 1913-14.
KIME, VIRGIL M., Hartford, (deceased). Vol. for 1918.
KREMER, WM. N., (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
KYLE, CHRISTOPHER, Pittsburgh, Vol. for 1915.
LAKEY, CHARLES D., New York. Vol. for 1915.
LANDIS, ABB., Nashville, Tenn., Vol. for 1915.
LANGDON, CHARLES S., Hartford, Conn, (deceased). Vol. for
1916.
LARTER, ARTHUR E., (deceased). Vol. for 1913-14.
LAW, FRANK E., Vol. for 1920.
LEIGH. L. B., Little Rock, Ark., Vol. for 19 13-14,
LENEHAN, JOSEPH H.. Vol. for 1918.
LINZMEYER, LOUIS, Vice-president Southla d Life (deceased)
Vol. for 19 1 8.
LITTLEJOHN, W. J., Chicago, Vol. for 1911-13.
LOEB, LEO A., Chicago, VoL for 19 15.
LOUDON, HUGH R., (retired). Vol. for 1921.
LONG, HARRY C, Hartford, Vol. for 1915.
LONG. WILLIAM P., Philadelphia, Vol. for 1915.
LOOKER, OSCAR R., (deceased)., Vol for 1920.
LOVELAND, CHARLES A., Milwaukee, (deceased). Vol. for 1917
LUNGER, JOHN BODINE, (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
LYMAN. HENRY D., New York, Vol. for 1913-14.
LYON, GEORGE E., Newark. Vol. for 19 15.
MACK. W. W., New York, Vol. for 1915.
MACDONALD, ROBERT W., secretary Baltimore-American In-
surance Company, (Vol. for 1 921.)
MACKAY, WM. J., (deceased). Vol. for 1919.
MAGEE, JOSEPH F., San Francisco, Cal., Vol. for 191 5.
MAGILL, ROBERT H., (deceased). Vol. for 1913-14.
MARSHALL, ELBERT PIKE, Cincinnati, Ohio (deceased)
Vol. for 19 1 6.
MARTIN. HENRY C, Indianapolis, Vol. for 1915.
McCLINTOCK, EMORY, New York. N. Y. (deceased), Vol. for
1916.
632 Cyclopedia of Insurance
McCORD, JOSEPH. New York, Vol. for 1915.
McKIAN. P. J. v., Chicago. Vol. for 1915.
McMASTER, FITZ HUGH, Columbia. S. C, Vol. for 1915
McNElL. NELSON A.. Vol. for 1913-14.
MIDDLEBROOK. LOUIS C. Hartford. Vol. for 1915.
MINER, F. L., Dea Moines, la., Vol. for 1915.
MIX. ROBERT JOHNSON. New York, (deceased) Vol. for 1918.
MOORE, GEORGE H., Chicago, Vol. for 1915.
MOORE, FRANKLIN J., Vol. for 1911-13.
MOORE, J. THOMAS, Provident Life and Trust, Philadelphia.
Pa., Vol. for 1916.
NEAL, ROBERT VV., San Francisco, Vol. for 1915.
NEELEY, HENRY D., Omaha, Neb., Vol. for 1915.
NICHOLS, WALTER S., New York, Vol. for 1915.
NICHOLS, JAMES. Hartford. Conn, (deceased), Vol. for 1916.
NORTH, JOHN C. New Haven. Conn., (deceased), Vol. for
'*^''\nOLAN. JOHN H., Chicago, Vol. for 1915.
O' BRIEN. WILLIAM H., Indianapolis, Vol. for 1915.
OLNEV, (;E0. W., New York. N. Y. (deceased). Vol. for 1916.
PACiE, CALVIN, (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
PARKHURST. FRANK E., Wilkes-Barre. Pa.. Vol. for 1915.
PASCHALL. EDWARD E., Rochester. N. Y.. Vol. for 1913-14.
PELLET. CLARENCE S., Chicago, Vol. for 19 15.
PIKE, EMORY E., Hartford. Conn, (deceased). Vol. for 1916.
PINCKNEY, ARTHUR E., Kansas City, Mo.. Vol. for 1911-13.
PLUMMER, EVERETT H., Philadelphia, (deceased). Vol. for
PLYER, GEORGE S., Pittsburgh, Vol. for 1915.
POTTER, EDWARD E., San Francisco (deceased) Vol. for 1918.
POWELL, HENRY J., Louisville, Vol. for 1915.
PRESTON. EDWARD V., (deceased), Vol. for 1921.
PUTNAM. HENRY H.. Boston, Mass., Vol. for 1915.
PREUS, J. A. O., St. Paul, Vol. for 1915.
REES, HENRY E., (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
RENNIE, GORDON F., (deceased), Vol. for 1921.
RICE. JOHN F.. Buffalo, Vol. for 1915.
RICHARDS, FRED E.. Portland, Maine, Vol. for 1913-14.
RITTENHOUSE, E. E., New York, Vol. for 1913-14.
ROBENS, LEE C, Hartford, Vol. for 1915.
ROBERTS, HARVEY E., New York, (deceased). Vol. for 19 15.
ROBINSON, JOHN H., Vol. for 1911-13-
ROTH, HENRY, Baltimore, Vol. for 1915.
SAMSON, FREDERICK, (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
SANBORN, MOORE, Erie, Pa., Vol. for 19 16.
SCHERMERHORN, W. S., Philadelphia, Vol. for 1913-14.
SHEHAN, WILLIAM M., Baltimore, Vol. for 1915.
SHORTS, R. PERRY, Vol. for 1920.
SIBLEY, BOLLING, Memphis, Tenn., Vol. for 1915.
SLOCUM, CHARLES M., New York, Vol. for 191 1-13. '
SMITH, BENJAMIN J., (deceased), Vol. for 1919.
Biographical Sketches 633
SMITH. THOMAS H.. Chicago, Vol. for 1915.
SMITH, ARTHUR L. J., New York, Vol. for 1915.
SOUTHGATE, JAMES HAYWOOD, Durham, N. C. (de-
ceased). Vol. for 1916.
SPAULDING. LYMAN A., New York, Vol. for 1915.
STEWART. ALEXANDER M., New York. Vol. for 1915.
STONE, JOHN T., (deceased), Vol. for 1920.
STOY, Sam B., (deceased), Vol. for 1920.
TAPPING, E. J., Milwaukee, Vol. for 1913-14.
TAYLOR. GEORGE W., Boston, Vol. for 19 15.
TAYLOR, JOHN M., President Connecticut Mutual (deceased)
Vol. for 1918.
TAYLOR, WALTER C, Bismark, N. Dak., Vol. for 1915.
THOMSON, JOHN L., Philadelphia, Vol. for 1915.
TORRE Y, M. W., New York, Vol. for 19 15.
TRIMINGHAM. R. N., Chicago, Vol. for 1915.
TURNBULL, J. A., Syracuse, Vol. for 1913-14.
TURNER, PAUL, Detroit, Mich.. Vol. for 1915.
VAN CISE. J. G.. New York, Vol. for 1915.
VIEHMAN, GEORGE A., President, New Brunswick Fire
(deceased) Vol. for 1918.
VIEMAN, CHARLES L., Detroit, Mich.. Vol. for 1913-14.
WARD, HUBERT H., Vol. for 1918.
WARFIELD, EDWIN (.deceased), Vol. for 1919.
WARREN, NATHAN, Boston, Vol. for 1915.
WARREN, WILLIAM S., Vol. for 192 1.
WATSON, EDWARD L., Providence, R. I., Vol. for 1915.
WATKINS, DAVID O.. Newark, Vol. for 1915.
WATT, GEORGE W., Philadelphia, Pa., Vol. for 1916.
WEBSTER. FRANKLIN, New York, Vol. for 1915.
WEDDELL, THOMAS R., Chicago, Vol. for 1915.
WEED. N. H., New York. Vol. for 1915.
WEED. SAMUEL R., New York, Vol. for 1915.
WEINMAN, LOUIS, (deceased), Vol. for 1921.
WHILDEN, W. G., New York, Vol. for 1915.
WHITLOCK, JOSEPH L., (deceased), Vol. for 1921.
WILSON, CHARLES F., Denver, Colo., Vol. for IQ15.
WOHLGEMUTH, E. J., Chicago, Vol. for 1915.
WOODWARD, H. R., Newark, Vol. for 1915.
WOOD, WILLIAM, Vol. for 1911-13.
WRIGHT, THOMAS HOWARD, Philadelphia (deceased) Vol.
for 1918.
WRIGHT, WALTER CHANNING, Boston (deceased). Vol. for
IQI7-
YEREANCE. JAMES, New York. Vol. for 1913-14.
THB NBW YORK PUBUC UBRARY
RBPBRBNCB DBPARTMBNT
Thift book is «ador no oirowBtUuBoos to bo
tokoa from tho Bofldlai
-
-^--^
fwrai «it
RAKY
tofc*
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11