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THE  ANNUAL 


(^Y^tepediasflrisararige 


IN  THB 


UNITED   STATES. 


1892-3. 


Edited  by  h.  r.  Hayden. -.:>•.'•  ;■ 


•      '    .^'  • 


UNDERWHTTER  PRINTINO  AND  PUBLISHINQ  COMPANT, 
NEW  YORK  AND  HARTFORD. 


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[the  NE'A'  •*■'  " 

1  PUBLIC  lilua:^' 
69  49  ^^ 

Arrow,  LENOX  and 

TILDtN  FOUMDATlONfc 

1911      t 


COPTRIOBT,  1808, 
BT 

The  Underwritkr  Pbimtiko  and  Publishiko  Co. 


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PEEFACE. 


In  a  book  the  first  word  is  the  last  one,  and  when  the  final  proof  is 
read  we  write  the  few  words  of  introduction  which  are  addressed  par- 
ticularly to  the  reader  as  a  foretaste  of  what  he  may  expect  if  he  goes 
further. 

This  volume  is  larger  than  its  predecessors  by  over  one  hundred 
pages.  Subjects  have  been  treated  more  fully  and  brief  biographical 
sketches  of  prominent  underwriters  have  been  added.  With  the  ex** 
ception  of  companies  whose  history  has  been  noticed  at  length,  all 
have  been  taken  from  the  body  of  the  book  and  transferred  to  a  direc- 
tory at  the  end,  which  we  think  is  the  most  complete  list  of  American 
companies  and  their  officers  ever  published,  especially  in  the  depart- 
ment of  fire  insurance,  which  contains  the  names  and  location  of  1,847 
companies,  stock  and  mutual.  This  list  is  largely  swelled  by  the  local 
town  and  county  mutuals,  which  do  a  very  small  business,  but  which 
seem  to  be  much  in  favor  with  the  farming  community  in  a  number 
of  states. 

The  statistical  tables  in  the  appendix  are  also  more  full  and  com- 
plete than  ever  before,  and  cover  the  business  of  a  number  of  com- 
panies not  before  reported,  and  at  all  times  difficult  to  get. 

This  volume  is  something  more  than  a  reference  book  for  1892  and 
a  record  of  the  year  in  insurance.  It  has  been  found  practically  im- 
possible to  close  the  record  of  a  year  if  the  business  of  the  year  is  to 
be  included,  until  long  after  the  year  has  closed.  The  editor  has  there- 
fore concluded  to  carry  forward  the  topics  treated  up  to  the  time  of 
going  to  press,  and  to.  date  the  volume  for  both  years.  The  present ' 
volume  therefore  is  "  The  Annual  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1892-8." 
and  the  information  contained  in  it  carries  the  reader  forward,  except 
for^proceedings  of  meetings,  to  July,  1893. 

The  running  heads  over  pages  have  been  made  to  correspond  with 
the  last  article  on  each  page,  which  some  critics  have  thought  would 
be  of  assistance  in  the  use  of  the  book. 


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4  Pbbfacb. 

The  editor  acknowledges  his  indebtedDess  to  a  number  of  corre- 
spondents who  have  made  valuable  suggestions,  many  of  which  have 
been  embodied  in  the  work,  others  of  which  have  been  postponed  for 
a  more  careful  examination,  and  some  of  which  have  not  been  found 
feasible. 

The  editor  will  be  greatly  obliged  to  those  who  receive  this  book 
for  review  if  they  will  not  gloss  over  its  imperfections.  If  there  is 
anything  which  an  underwriter  wants  to  know  about  the  business  of 
insurance  the  editor  of  this  book  would  like  to  be  told  what  it  is,  and 
if  it  cannot  be  found  within  the  covers  of  this  volimie  would  like  to 
put  it  in  the  next. 


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ANNUAL  CYCLOPEDIA  OF  INSURANCE. 


Aceident  Insurance*  The  ordinary  accident  insurance  policy 
grants  a  fixed  compensation  to  the  insured  for  a  limited  time  in  case  of 
aisablinff  accident,  and  also  a  definite  amount  to  be  paid  to  a  designated 
person  if  death  results  from  accident.  Such  policies  are  in  general 
strictly  limited  by  their  terms  to  accidents  which  totally  disable  or  kill 
the  insured.  Some  companies  issue  modified  forms  proyiding  for  in- 
jury and  death,  with  an  additional  clause  as  to  partial  disabilities  of  a 
permanent  nature,  such  as  loss  of  a  limb,  an  eye,  a  hand,  or  foot.  In 
order  to  recover,  the  injury  must  arise  from  "external,  violent,  and 
accidental  means/'  and  must  be  incurred  while  the  insured  is  not  un- 
necessarily exposing  himself  to  "  obvious  danger,"  and  while  he  is  not 
engaged  in  an  occupation  more  hazardous  than  that  in  which  he  has 
elected  to  be  classified  and  insured,  or  if  more  hazardously  occupied  at 
the  time  of  the  injury,  then  recovery  can  be  had  only  to  the  extent  to 
which  premium  paid  would  have  purchased  insurance  in  the  more 
hazardous  class.  Within  these  limits  there  has  been  found  a  great 
deal  of  ground  for  differences  of  opinion,  and  many  of  the  points 
which  have  been  settled  have  only  been  disposed  of  after  harrassing 
litigation.  [See  Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Insurance.  Accident  In- 
surance.] 

Aeeident  Insnranee  Claim,  Largest.  The  largest  accident  in- 
surance claim  ever  paid,  was  by  the  Travelers  on  January  29,  1892,  to 
the  widow  of  A.  R.  Blood,  of  Warren,  Pa.,  who  was  killed  the  pre- 
ceding month  by  being  thrown  from  a  horse.    The  sum  was  $40,000. 

Aeeident  Underwriters,  International  Assoeiation  of.  [See 
International  Association.] 

Aetaarial  Society  of  America  was  organized  April  25,  1889, 
[For  an  account  of  the  origin,  charter,  and  early  proceedines  of  this 
organization,  see  the  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1890.]  The  first 
president  was  Sheppard  Homans.  At  the  second  annual  meeting, 
April  80, 1891,  David  Parks  Fackler  was  elected  president. 

The  Uiird  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  at  the  rooms  of 
the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  in  New  York  on  April  28 
and  29,  1892.  Forty-three  members  were  present.  President  Fackler 
pre^ded.    In  his  aadress  he  said : 

At  recent  meetinge  oar  members  discasaed  the  qneetion  how  strong  or  how  larse  a 
company  should  be  to  carry  policies  of  certain  amoants  with  entire  safety,  and  before 
long  we  may  have  to  discuss  whether  there  is  a  point  beyond  which  growth  In  a  life  in- 
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6  Actuarial  Societt  of  Amkbica. 

eunmce  company  ceases  to  be  of  advantage  to  its  policy-holders,  and  also  whether  a 
company^B  aseets  may  become  too  vast  ancTwidely  scattered  to  be  properly  sapenrlaecL, 
either  by  its  own  officers  or  by  State  Insarance  Departments. 

The  new  members  elecled  were  David  G.  Alsop  of  the  Provident 
Life  and  Trust,  Edward  O.  Sartelle  of  the  Sute  Mutual  Life,  and 
George  King,  F.  I.  A.,  of  the  Atlas  of  London.  Notice  was  given  of 
the  following  amendments  to  the  constitution  : 

Abticlb  IX  to  read : 

AsiociaUs.~Any  one  twenty-one  years  of  age,  pnrsaing  actuarial  studies  and  looking 
forward  to  future  membership,  may,  on  the  conditions  hereinafter  stated,  be  enrolled  as 
an  associate,  and  in  sach  capacity  may  be  present,  without  participation,  at  the  meetings 
of  the  Society,  and  receive  its  pnolications.  The  conditions  are,  that  he  shall  be  nom- 
nated  to  the  Conncil  by  at  least  two  members  of  the  Society  ;  that  notice  of  such  nomi- 
nation shall  be  given  by  the  Secrttary  to  each  member  of  the  Society  ;  that,  not  leaa 
than  twentv  days  after  such  notice  has  been  given,  his  nomination  shall  be  approved  by 
the  Council,  with  not  more  than  one  negative  vote,  and  tliat  he  shall  subsequently  pay 
such  fee  and  pass  such  preliminary  examination  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  €k>ancil. 

Abtiols  X  to  read  : 

AdmUHon  to  Membership.— Auj  Associate  twenty-five  years  of  age  shall  be  adj 
mitted  aa  a  member  on  passing  such  final  examination  as  may  be  prescribed  bv  the 
Council  as  a  test  of  professional  attainments.  Otherwise,  no  one  shall  be  admitted  as  a 
member  unless  by  the  unanimous  recommendation  of  the  Council,  followed  by  a  nnani- 
mons  ballot  of  the  Society. 

The  secretary  reported  the  result  of  a  ballot  had  by  correspondence 
with  members,  on  a  proposed  motto  for  the  Society's  publications. 
The  mottoes  and  the  votes  for  each  were  as  follows  : 

TOTBS. 

'^The  work  of  science  is  to  substitate  facts  for  appearances,  and  demonstra- 
tions for  impressions.*'— Ruskim .86 

"  Truth,  our  aim  ;  the  time  to  come,  oar  care,'' 98 

'^Bycalcalation  yon  will  find  the  truth."  .       .       .       17 

^^Experienbeistheonly  prophecy  of  wise  men."— Lamabtinb.     ...       17 

''  I  have  but  one  lamp  by  which  my  feet  are  guided,  and  that  is  the  lamp  of 
experience.  I  know  of  no  way  of  jnoging  of  tne  fntnre  but  by  tiie  past."— 
HXNBT 15 

The  sentence  by  Ruskin  having  received  the  largest  number  of 
TOtes  was  declared  to  be  the  motto  for  the  society's  publications.  New 
papers  were  read  as  follows : 

'4  Monetary  Mortality  Experience  on  Annuities  in  American  Life 
Insurance  Companies,"  by  liufus  W.  Weeks.  "Ratios  of  Mortality 
for  Number  ana  Amount,"  by  Asa  8  Wing.  "Percentage  Formula 
for  Obtaining  Return  Premium  Rates,"  by  Samuel  B.  Stilwell.  "  On 
the  Correct  or  Equitable  Distribution  of  Licidenial  Surplus/'  by 
Walter  C.  Wright. 

Officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  as  follows:  David  Parks 
Fackler,  president;  Howell  W.  St.  John,  first  yice-president;  Emoiy 
McClintock,  second  vice  president;  Israel  C.  Pierson,  secretary;  B.  J. 
Miller,  treasurer.  The  annual  dinner  was  had  at  the  Lawyer's  Club, 
New  York,  on  the  evening  of  April  28. 

The  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  Societv  was  held  at  the  Hotel  Yen- 
dome,  Boston,  October  13  and  U,  1892,  President  Fackler  presiding. 
Thirty-three  members  were  present.  New  members  were  elected  as 
follows  :  David  Carment,  F.  I.  A.,  of  the  Australian  Mutual  Provi- 
dent, Sydney,  Australia;  Sydney  N.  Ogden  of  the  Mutual  Benefit ; 


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Actuarial  Socisty  of  America.  7 

Frederick  W.  Fraakland,  F.  I.  A.,  assistant  actuary  of  the  Atlas  of 
London;  Herbert  C.  Thistleton,  F.  I.  A.,  assistant  actuary  of  the  Scot- 
tish Amicable  of  Glasgow;  Thomas  Bnidshaw,  assistant  actuary  of  the 
North  American  Life  of  Toronto;  James  C.  Crawford,  assistant  actu- 
ary of  the  Northwestern  Mutual  of  Milwaukee;  J.  J.  Brinkerhofl, 
actuary  of  the  Insurance  Department  of  Illinois  at  Chicago;  Samuel  B. 
Boyden,  actaary  of  the  Union  Mutual  Life. 

The  proposed  amendments  to  the  constitution  reported  at  the  April 
meeting  were  discussed  at  length,  and  laid  over  for  final  action  at  the 
next  annual  meeting.  Papers  were  read  as  follows:  "The  Proper 
Basis  for  Surrender  Charges."  by  Joseph  H.  Sprague;  "Mathematical 
Principles  Involved  in  a  Mortality  by  Lives  or  Amounts/'  by  Walter 
B.  Nichols;  "  Application  of  the  Contribution  Plan  to  the  Distribution 
of  Surplus,"  by  Daniel  H.  Wells.  These  papers  were  discussed,  as 
well  as  the  papers  read  at  the  previous  meeting  of  the  society. 

Among  the  social  attentions  shown  the  society  were  a  banquet  at 
the  Vendome  on  the  evening  of  October  13,  the  John  Hancock  Mutual 
Life  insurance  company  being  the  host,  and  a  breakfast  given  by  the 
Boston  Life  Underwriters  Association  at  the  Algonquin  Club  the  fol- 
lowing day. 

The  committee  on  award  on  the  Fackler  Prize  essay  (for  which  see 
Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1891),  reported  January  27,  1892,  in  favor 
of  a  paper  which  was  discovered  to  be  written  by  Archibald  A.  Welch, 
of  the  Phoenix  Mutual  of  Hartford,  for  the  first  prize.  There  was  no 
award  made  for  the  second  prize.  The  title  of  the  successful  essay 
was  "Legislation  Regarding  impairment." 

The  society  prints  its  proceedings  and  papers  in  pamphlet,  and 
copies  can  be  had  by  application  to  the  secretary. 

The  following  is  the  official  and  membership  roll  of  the  society  May 
1,  1898.     [Officers  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  April  28, 1893] : 

OFFICERS  Ain>  COUNCIL. 

Howell  W.  St  John,  PnaiderU.  Bloomfield  J.  Miller,  id  yice-PreHdmt. 

Sraory  McCllntock,  IH  Viet-PretidtrU.        Israel  C.  Pierson,  Secretary, 
Oscar  B.  Ireland,  Treasurer. 

OTHER  MEMBEB8  OF  COUNCIL. 

David  Parks  Fackler.  Sbeppard  Homans. 

Term  expiree.  Term  expires. 

Rafns  W.  Weeks,  April,  1894       Clayton  C.  Hall,  April,  1894 

George  B.  Woodward,  April,  18B5       Asa  S.  Wing,  April,  1886 

Thofl.  R  Xacaalay,  April,  1886       Daniel  H.  Wells,  April,  1896 

UEHBBRS. 

David  0.  Alsop,  Provident  Life  and  Tmet,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
•J.  J.  Barker,  Penn  Mutual  Life,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

A.  K.  Blackadar,  A.M.,  Actnary  Canada  Insurance  Department,  Ottawa,  Ont. 

Samuel  8.  Boyden,  Union  Mutual  Life,  Portland,  Me. 

Thomas  Bradshaw,  North  American  Life,  Toronto,  Ont. 

J.  J.  Brinkerhof[,  Illinois  Insurance  Department,  Chicago,  Dl. 

Bdwin  W.  Bryant,  Consulting  Actuary,  New  York  City. 

David  Carment,  F.I. A..  Australian  Mutual  Provident,  Sydney,  Ans. 
«Hnhert  Cillis,  Germania  Life,  New  York  Citv. 

E.  A.  Cosmao  Dnmanoir,  Institute  of  Actuaries,  Paris,  France. 
•J.  M.  Craig,  Metropolitan  Life,  New  York  City. 

James  C.  Crawford,  Northwestei-n  Mutual  Life,  Milwaukee,  Wis 


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ACTUABIAL  SOCIBTT  OF  AmBBIOA. 

•Joseph  A.  DeDoer.  A.M.,  National  Utc,  Monrpelior,  Vt. 

*G6orse  Elite,  Travelers,  Hartford,  Conn. 

•David  P.  Packler,  A.M.,  Oonsultinir  Actoary,  New  York  Ci^. 

•Robert  P.  Field,  A.M  ,  PreabTterian  Minietera*  Fund,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Frederick  W.  Frankland,  F.I.A.,  New  York  Life,  New  York  City. 

John  A.  Fowler,  American  Exchange  and  Review,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Morris  Fox,  A.I  A.,  Actuary  New  Zealand  Life  Ina.  Department,  WelUnKtoii,  NJS. 
•WUliam  O.  Gould,  Pacific  Mutual,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
*C.  C.  Hall,  Maryland  Life,  Baitimore,  Md. 

Robert  6.  Hann,  A.I.A.,  Equitable  Life,  New  York  City. 

AaguBtas  F.  Harvey,  Actuary  Missouri  Insarance  Department  St.  Looii,  Mo. 

Francis  H.  Hemperley,  United  Secarity  Life  and  Trust,  Philadelphia,  Pft. 
•William  Hendrey,  Onurio  Mutual,  Waterloo,  Ont 

Charles  HUdebrand.  Fh.B.,  Connecticut  Mutual,  Hartford,  Conn. 
•J.  M.  Holcombe,  A.M.,  Phoenix  Mutual,  Hartford,  Conn. 
•Sheppard  Homans,  Cor.  Mem.  LA.,  Provident  Savings  Life,  New  York  City*   ' 
•Oscar  B.  Ireland,  A.M.,  Massachusetts  Mutual,  Springfield,  Maaa. 

Charles  N.  Jones.  A.B.,  New  York  Life,  New  York  City. 

Oeorge  King,  F.I.A.,  F.F.A.,  Atlas  Assurance,  London. 

George  H.  Kirkpatrick,  Prudential,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Christopher  Kyle,  New  York  Life,  New  York  City. 
•Jamea  M.  Lee,  Berkshire  Life,  Pitt»field,  Mans. 

George  Leslie,  New  Zealand  Life  Ins.  Department,  Wellington,  N.  Z. 

Charlton  T.  Lewis,  Ph.D.,  Mutual  Life,  New  York  Citv. 
•C.  A.  Loveland,  Northwestern  Mutual,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
•J.  B.  Limger,  Prudential,  Newark,  N.  J.  * 

•T.  B.  Macaulay,  A.I. A.,  Sun  Life,  Montreal,  Que. 
•William  McCabe,  LL.B.,  F.I.A.,  North  American  Life,  Toronto,  Ont 
♦Emorj'  McClintock,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  P.I.A.,  Mutual  Life,  New  York  City. 
•W.  C.  Maodonald,  Confederation  Life,  Toronto,  Ont 

Leon  Marie,  A.B.,  Institute  of  Actuaries,  Paris,  France. 
•B.  P.  Marshall,  A.B.,  Union  Central  Ufe,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  ~~ 

Jaqnes  Martin-Dupray,  Institute  of  Actuaries,  Paria,  France. 
•W.  A.  Marshall,  Home  Ufe,  New  York  City. 

James  Weir  Mason,  A.M.,  Professor,  New  York  City. 

H.  J.  Messenger.  Jr.,  Ph.D..  Metropolitan  Life,  New  York  Citj. 
•Bloomfleld  J.  Miller,  Mutual  Benefit  Life,  Newark.  N.  J. 

Walter  S.  Nichols,  A.M.,  United  States  Industrial,  Newark,  N.  J. 
•J.  H.  Nitchie,  A.B,  National  Life  of  the  United  SUtes,  Chicago,  Dl. 

Sydney  N.  Ogden,  Mutual  Benefit  Life,  Newark,  N.  J. 

John  B.  Patereon,  Actuary  New  York  Insurance  Department,  Albany,  N.  T. 

William  B.  Peterson,  Norwich,  England. 

Max  H.  IVller.  iEtna  Life,  Hartford,  Conn. 

C.  B  Perry,  Mutual  Life,  New  York  City. 
•George  W.  Phillips,  A.M.,  Eouitable  Life,  New  York  City. 

Gardner  L.  Plumley,  Home  Life,  New  York  City. 
•Israel  C.  Pierson,  Ph.D.,  Washington  Life,  New  York  City. 

Alexander  G.  Ramsey,  Canada  Life,  Hamilton,  Canada. 

Horace  C.  Richardson,  New  York  Life,  New  York  City. 

Josephns  H.  Richardson,  F.F.  A.,  A.I.  A.,  Commissioner  New  Zealand  Ufe  Insarance 
Department,  W^ellington,  N.  Z. 

J.  G.  Ritchie,  London  Life,  London,  Ont 

Ernst  W.  Scott  Amsterdam,  Holland. 
•Howell  W.  St  John,  Ph.B.,  ^tna  Ufe,  Hartford,  Conn. 
•G.  W.  Sanders,  A.B.,  Michigan  Mutual  Ufe,  Detroit  Mich. 

Edward  J.  Sartelle,  State  Mutual,  Worcester,  Mass. 
•Henry  W.  Smith,  A.M.,  LL.B.,  United  SUtes  Review,  PhiUddphia,  Pft. 

W.  S.  Smith,  A.M.,  Deputy  Insurance  Commissioner,  Boston,  Mass. 

Joseph  H.  Sprague,  A.B.,  Actuary  Connecticut  Ins.  Department  Hartford,  Conn. 

E.  L.  Stabler,  ^.D.,  Manhattan  Ufe,  New  York  City. 
•William  T.  Standen,  United  States  Life,  New  Y'ork  City. 
•William  B.  Starr,  SUte  Mutual  Life,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Samuel  E.  Stilwell,  Ph.D.,  Penn  Mutual  Life,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

John  Tatlock,  Jr.,  A.M.,  Mutual  Life,  New  York  City. 

Richard  Teeoe,  F.I.A.,  Australian  Mutual  Provident  Sydney,  Ans. 

Herbert  C.  Thistleton,  F.I.A.,  Scottish  Amicable,  Glasgow,  Scotland. 


*  Charter  members. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Mtsa  Insurancib  CoBiPANir.  ft 

3.  G.  Van  Cise,  Equitable  Life,  New  York  City. 
•R.  W.  Weekfl,  New  York  Life,  New  York  City. 

George  WegenaBt,  Ontario  Matnal,  Waterloo,  Ont. 

Archibald  A.  Welch.  A.B.,  Phoenix  Mutual  Life,  Hartford,  Conn. 
*I>aniel  H.  Wells,  Ph.B.,  Connecticut  Mutual  Life,  Hartford,  Conn. 

William  D.  Whiting,  LL.B.,  Conaulting  Actuary,  New  York  City. 
•A#a  S.  Wing,  Provident  Life  and  Trust,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
*George  B.  Woodward,  John  Hancock  Mutual,  Boston,  Mass. 
^Walter  C.  Wright,  New  England  Mutual,  Boston,  Mass. 

Aetaaries,  American  Faenlty  of^  was  chartered  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  July  12,  1890,  the  incorporators  being  officers  of  assessment  com- 
panies. The  present  officers  are  L.  G.  Fouse,  president;  George  D. 
Eldridge,  first  vice-president;  Robert  P.  Field,  second  yice-president; 
W.  S.  Campbell,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  board  of  directors  is 
composed  of  the  preceding,  together  with  William  M.  Barr,  J.  M. 
Emery,  and  Isidor  Bush.  [For  charter  of  the  association  see  the 
Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1890.] 

The  object  of  the  Faculty  is  to  disseminate  light  and  knowledge  on 
all  kinds  of  insurance  through  publications,  lecturing,  and  teaching. 
The  elements  of  actuarial  science  to  which  the  Facmtv  has  thus  far 
given  attention  relate  to  the  mathematical  theory  of  finance  and  of 
life  contingencias.  Underwriting,  and  especially  life,  is  a  profession. 
The  Faculty  has  an  elementary  course,  intended  to  give  students  a 
thorough  training  in  practical  life  underwriting  and  special  reference 
to  insurance  jurisprudence.  The  regular  course  embraces  all  the  ele- 
ments of  actuarial  science,  and  those  who  pursue  it  to  the  end  will  be 
prepared  to  practice  the  profession  of  actuary,  and  will  have  conferred 
on  them  degrees  of  competency.  Study  sheets,  calculated  to  give  an 
elementary  training  in  the  higher  mathematics  with  reference  to  the 
theory  of  finance  and  compound  interest  in  their  application  to  life 
contingencies,  have  been  prepared  and  used  by  students  for  nearly  two 
years,  which  has  encouraged  tlie  Faculty  to  prepare  a  comprehensive 
set  of  text-books,  which  when  completed  will  be  a  thorough  treatise 
on  all  the  elements  of  actuarial  science. 

Prof.  Edward  8.  Zieber,  M.D.,  resigned  in  1892  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  directors,  and  Mr.  J.  M.  Emery,  one  of  the  students,  who 
has  about  completed  the  course  of  study,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vjicancy. 
Mr.  Arthur  Blunter,  Faculty  of  the  Actuaries  of  Scotland,  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  instructors. 

Adee,  David,  president  of  the  American  Fire  insurance  company 
of  New  York,  was  born  in  that  city  and  began  his  service  with  the 
company  as  an  office  bov  in  1862.  He  was  appointed  assistant  secre- 
tary in  1866,  and  was  elected  vice-president  in  1887,  and  president  in 
1888. 

JEtntL  insurance  company  of  Hartford:  President  Jotham  €k>odnow 
died  November  19,  1892.  At  a  special  meeting  of  the  directors, 
November  80,  Vice-president  William  B.  Clark  was  elected  president. 
At  a  meeting  held  December  7,  the  other  officials  were  advanced  one 
grade.  Andrew  C.  Bayne  became  vice-president,  James  F.  Dudley, 
secretary,  and  William  H.  King,  first  assistant  secretary.  E.  O. 
Weeks,  heretofore  Philadelphia  general  agent,  was  appointed  second 
assistant  secretary. 

The  company  was  incorporated  by  the  Connecticut  Legislature  in 
2  .,„_.., ^.^ 


10  jSiTNa  Inburahcb  Compaht. 

1819.  Under  the  act  of  incorporation,  which  was  approved  by  Oliver 
Wolcott  as  governor  of  the  State,  the  company  was  authorized  to 
"ensure  on  dwelling  houses  and  all  other  buildings,  on  ships  and  ves- 
sels of  every  description  while  in  port  or  on  the  stocks,  on  goods, 
chattels,  wares,  merchandise,  and  on  all  kinds  of  mixed  and  personal 
estate  of  every  description."  The  capital  was  to  be  not  less  than 
$150,000.  The  maximum  limit  was  $600,000.  Of  the  original  capital 
ten  per  cent,  was  paid  in  cash,  the  balance  consisting  of  notes  of  the 
stockholders.  Under  the  charter,  Thomas  E.  Brace  was  authorized  to 
call  the  meeting  of  the  stock  subscribers  in  June,  1819,  for  organiza- 
tion. The  meeting  was  held  on  the  fifth  of  the  month,  resulting  in 
the  election  of  Mr.  Brace  as  president,  and  Isaac  Perkins,  secretary. 
The  company  began  business  August  19  and  declared  its  first  6  per 
cent,  dividend  December  16,  1819.    From  organization  until  May  81, 

1820,  the  total  current  expenses  of  the  companv,  including  $226  ex- 
pended in  rent  and  the  salary  of  Secretary  Perkins,  amounted  to 
$451.82.  During  this  period  the  total  receipts  were  $8,646.42.  At 
the  May  session  in  1820  an  act  was  passed,  in  addition  to  the  original 
charter,  authorizing  the  company  to  add  $50,000  to  its  capital,  with 
power  to  increase  the  sum  to  $150,000,  the  amount  to  be  denominated 
the  annuity  fund.  It  was  to  be  held  exclusively  aAd  pledged  as  a 
fund  for  the  pavment  of  annuities  which  might  be  granted  by  the  com- 

§any,  and  "of  losses  upon  insurance  for  a  life  or  lives  or  in  any  way 
ependent  upon  life  or  lives."  In  no  way  was  this  fund  to  be  liable 
for  the  other  debts,  contracts,  liabilities,  or  engagements  of  the  com- 
pany. This  fund  constituted  the  foundation  of  the  present  i£tna  Life 
insurance  company. 

B^  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1889,  passed  in  consequence  of 
a  petition  filed  with  the  Secretary  of  State,  April  11  of  that  year,  the 
company  was  "empowered  to  issue  policies  against  the  hazard  of 
inland  navigation  and  transportation."  March  1,  1881,  the  charter 
was  again  amended,  authorizmg  the  company  to  "  insure  against  any 
loss  or  damage  to  all  kinds  oi  propertv  by  the  elements,  including 
damage  by  lightning."  At  the  outset  m  its  career  the  ^tna  com- 
menced the  planting  of  agencies  in  the  important  centers  of  trade. 
The  cities  of  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  Detroit,  Louisville,  St.  Louis,  Mem- 
phis, Natchez,  New  Orleans,  and  Mobile  were  embraced  in  the  JBtna's 
operations  at  an  early  period.  The  company  was  the  first  to  issue  a 
fire  policy  in  Chicago,  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard  being  its  representative 
there  as  early  as  1884.  In  1842  Joseph  Morgan,  one  of  the  original 
directors,  visited  Uie  West  and  South,  with  the  idea  of  still  further 
ad  v^ancing  the  company's  plans.  New  Orleans  and  Chicago  were  in- 
cluded  in  the  circuit,  which  covered  a  route  of  6,000  miles.  Augus- 
tus E.  Hazard  was  the  company's  first  New  York  agent.  The  confla- 
gration of  1845,  which  caused  a  loss  of  $6,000,000  in  property  in  the 
heart  of  the  city,  involved  the  ^tna  to  the  extent  of  $115,(>00.  As 
soon  as  the  news  of  the  disaster  reached  Hartford,  President  Brace 
assembled  the  directors  and  informed  them  that  the  loss  would  proba- 
bly exhaust  the  company's  resources.  Removing  the  stocks  and  bonds 
from  the  safe  he  laid  them  on  the  directors'  table.  In  answer  to  the 
question :  "  What  must  be  done  ?  "  the  president  said  that  he  should 
go  to  New  York  "and  pay  the  losses,  if  it  takes  every  dollar  there," 


MtSA  iNftUSAHCB  COMPAmt.  11 

pointing  to  the  packages  of  bonds  and  stocks,  "and  my  own  fortune 
besides."  Eve^  member  of  the  board  present  agreed  to  back  the 
proposition  also  with  his  private  resources.  The  ^Etna's  total  loss  in 
the  Chicago  conflagration  was  $8,782,000. 

The  interval  between  the  two  historic  events  by  which  the  integrity 
of  the  ^tna  was  tested  through  and  through  was  characterized  by 
great  financial  success  for  the  company.  By  act  of  the  legislature, 
approved  May  16,  1857,  the  company  was  authorized  to  increase  its 
capital  stock  to  $1,000,000,  the  increase  to  be  made  from  the  surplus 
earnings.  January  15, 1864,  the  legislature  passed  an  act  authorizing 
additional  increase  of  the  capital  stock,  which  was  augmented  during 
the  twelve  months  by  $750,000,  the  total  capital  December  81,  1864, 
being  $2,250,000.  Up  to  this  time  the  company  had  declared  in  stock 
dividends  the  sum  of  $2,055,000.  Its  cash  dividend  for  1864  amounted 
to  $405,000.  In  1866  a  stock  dividend  of  $760,000  was  declared,  mak- 
ing the  capiUl  at  that  time  $8,000,000.  While  the  company's  business 
was  increasing  with  unprecedented  celerity  during  the  period  in  ques- 
tion, its  loflses  were  also  notable  in  amount.  The  St.  Louis  conflagra- 
tion in  1849  cost  the  iBtna  $125,000.  In  April,  1852,  a  loss  of  $115,000 
was  sustained  by  the  company  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  and  three  months 
from  that  time  the  sum  of  $105,000  was  expended  in  the  liquidation  of 
claims  at  Montreal.  The  calamity  at  Portland,  Maine,  in  July,  1866, 
involved  an  expenditure  of  $163,000,  and  the  Yicksburg  loss  in  Janu- 
ary, 1867,  involved  $120,000  of  the  company's  funds.  The  Chicago 
loss,  as  already  stated,  aggregated  $8,782,000.  For  the  purpose  of 
meeting  that  emergency  triumphantly  the  capital  stock  was  reduced 
one-baS,  and  immediately  recuperated  by  cash  payments  from  the 
stockholders  of  $1,500,000.  In  1872  the  Boston  conflagration  ex- 
hausted $1,685,067  of  the  ^Etna's  securities,  the  exigency  being  met 
by  an  additional  contribution  of  $1,000,000  from  the  stockholdera. 
This  made  $2,500,000  furnished  by  them  within  practically  one  year's 
time.  In  1881  the  capital  of  the  company  was  advanced  to  $4,000,000 
by  the  issue  of  $1,000,000  of  new  stock  to  the  shareholders. 

The  JBtna  was  formall^^  admitted  to  New  York,  May  1,  1849,  its 
first  statement  being  submitted  to  the  comptroller  April  26  of  that 
year.  The  capital  stock  at  that  time  was  $250,000.  The  assets  were 
reported  at  $2iS9,550.  The  ^Etna's  operations  now  include  every  sec- 
tion of  the  country.  The  department  managers  are:  Western  Branch, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  F.  0.  Bennett,  General  Agent,  N.  E.  Eeeler,  Assis- 
tant General  Agent;  Northwestern  Branch,  Omaha,  Nebraska,  Wm.  U. 
Wyman,  General  Agent,  W.  P.  Harford,  Assistant  General  Agent; 
Pacific  Branch,  San  Francisco,  California,  George  C.  Boardman,  Gen- 
eral Agent,  T.  E.  Pope,  Assistant  General  Agent.  The  company  has 
had  six  presidents  since  its  organization  in  1819.  Thomas  K.  Brace 
retained  the  office  until  1857,  a  period  of  88  years.  Edwin  G.  Ripley 
succeeded  President  Brace  and  remained  at  the  head  of  the  company 
until  1862,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  A.  Alexander.  In  1866 
Lucius  J.  Hendee  was  elected  president  and  retained  the  position  until 
his  death,  September  4,  1888.  Jotham  Goodnow  was  elected  the  suc- 
cessor of  President  Hendee,  being  advanced  from  the  secretaryship, 
which  he  had  held  for  twenty-two  years.  He  died  November  19, 1892, 
and  was  succeeded  by  William  B.  Clark,  who  was  elected  president  on 


12  ^TNA  Life  Insurance  Cobcfant. 

the  twenty-fifth  anniycrsary  of  hi8  connection  with  the  company. 
President  Clarlt's  associate  officers  are  A.  C.  Bayne,  vice-presi- 
dent; James  F.  Dudley,  secretary,  and  William  H.  King  and  E.  O. 
Weeks,  assistant  secreUiries.  The  directors  are  Roland  Mather,  Gus- 
tavus  F.  Davis,  Drayton  Hillyer,  William  F.  Tuttle,  Francis  B. 
Cooley,  Nathaniel  Shipman,  Austin  C.  Dunham,  James  A.  Smith, 
Morgan  G.  Bulkeley,  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  Thomas  O.  Enders, 
Atwood  Collins,  William  B.  Clark.  Francis  Goodwin,  Nelson  HoIUster, 
Andrew  C.  Bayne,  and  Charles  E.  Gross.  T.  P.  Stowell,  C.  H.  Hol- 
lister,  F.  W.  Jenness,  Henry  E.  Rees,  W.  A.  Warburion,  J.  B. 
Hughes,  O.  H.  King,  A.  C.  Adams,  H.  L.  Hiscock,  C.  J.  Irvin,  and 
H.  O.  Kline  are  special  agents.  The  total  assets  of  the  company,  De 
cember  31,  1892,  aggregated  $10,915,829.63.  The  net  cash  premiums 
received  during  the  year  reached  the  sum  of  $3,715,007,  of  this 
amount  $248,927.97  being  in  the  marine  and  inland  department.  The 
total  cash  income  for  the  year  was  $4,185,822,  total  cash  expenditures, 
$3,965,186;  the  fire  and  marine  losses  amounted  to  $2,117,272;  net 
amount  of  fire  risks  in  force,  $426,126,819;  inland,  $2,435,877.  Since 
organization,  the  company  has  received  in  premium  receipts,  $121,860,- 
334;  losses  paid,  $70,233,895;  cash  dividends.  $20,033,365;  dividends 
payable  in  stock,  $2,805,000. 

£tna  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford:  In  July,  1892,  the 
directors  declared  a  stock  dividend  of  twenty  per  cent,  on  the  entire 
stock  of  the  company,  thus  giving  each  stockholder  one  additional 
share  for  every  five  he  held.  By  the  addition  of  $250,000  the  capital  of 
the  company  was  increased  to  $1,600,000.  The  company  is  permitted, 
by  a  special  act  of  the  general  assemlily  of  1883,  to  increase  its  capital 
to  $2,000,000. 

The  Connecticut  legislature  in  1820  authorized  the  establishment  of 
an  annuity  fund  by  tbe  ^tna  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  which 
was  to  be  exclusively  held  and  pledged  for  "  the  payment  of  annuities" 
granted  by  the  company  and  "of  losses  upon  insurance  for  a  life  or 
lives."  This  was  approved  May  26,  1820.  An  act  was  approved 
May  28,  1853,  incorporating  the  shareholders  of  the  annuity  fund  as  a 
life  insurance  company,  tbe  name  of  the  corporation  being  "The 
^tna  Life  insurance  company.'*  The  fund  as  originally  authorized 
was  $50,000.  The  business  was  begun  in  1850.  Hon.  E.  A.  Bulkeler 
was  the  first  president  of  the  iEtna  Life  and  held  the  office  until  his 
death  in  1872,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  O.  Enders,  who 
was  secretary  of  the  company  at  that  time.  In  1879  President  Enders 
resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  Morgan  G.  Bulkeley,  son  of  the  original 
president  of  the  company,  who  has  since  retained  the  office.  In  1864 
the  ^tna  Life  was  admitted  to  New  York.  March  3,  1865,  the  com- 
pany deposited  secureties  to  the  amount  of  $100,000  with  the  state 
treasurer  of  Connecticut  as  ''a  prerequisite  to  the  establishment  of 
agencies  in  New  York."  The  paid  up  capital  at  that  date  was  $60,600. 
December  31,  1864,  the  company  had  7,216  policies  in  force,  covering 
$15,608,845  of  insurance.  The  gross  assets  were  $792,210.  In  1889 
the  Connecticut  legislature  authorized  the  capital  to  be  increased  to  an 
amount  not  exceeding  $2,000,000.  At  that  time  the  capital  was 
$750,000.    An  addition  of  $250,000  was  made  and  in  1887  a  new 


Digitized  by 


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AoBSTS,  Gbneral,  anj}  Department  Managers.  18 

increase  of  $250,000  was  ordered  under  the  act  of  1883,  and  another  of 
the  same  amount  in  1802,  making  the  present  capital  of  the  com- 
pany $1,500,000.  The  total  net  assets,  December  81,  1892,  amounted 
to  ^38,658,176.  The  premium  income  during  the  year  was  $4,580,767, 
the  total  income  being  $6,471,198.  The  total  disbursements  were 
$5,294,508,  this  amount  including  $8,155,766  on  account  of  death 
losses  and  matured  endowments.  The  total  number  of  policies  in  force 
was  81,289,  covering  $182,778,466  of  insurance.  From  1850  until 
September,  1861,  the  iBtna  Life  issued  none  but  stock  or  non-partici- 
pating policies.  At  that  time  it  began  issuing  mutual  or  participating 
policies,  the  two  departments  being  kept  entirely  distinct. 

During  the  year  1890  the  company  decided  to  avail  itself  of  the 
provisions  of  section  2865  of  the  general  statutes  of  the  state  author- 
izing  any  life  insurance  company  chartered  by  the  state  and  engaged 
in  actual  business  to  issue  accident  policies,  and  January  1,  1891, 
began  ^e  issue  of  policies  protecting  persons  against  loss  of  life  or 
personal  injury  resulting  from  accident,  and  that  branch  of  its.  busi- 
ness is  now  in  operation.  A  formal  amendment  to  its  charter  has 
been  granted  by  the  legislature,  which  authorizes  accident  and  em- 
ployer's liability  insurance.  At  the  close  of  1892  the  company  had  in 
force  4,578  accident  policies,  covering  insurance  of  $15,589,250.  The 
income  from  accident  insurance  in  1892  was  $81,760,  and  the  dis- 
bursements $67,415.  The  present  officers  of  the  company  are  Presi- 
dent Bulkeley,  Vice-President  John  C.  Webster,  elected  in  1879, 
Secretary  Joel  L.  English,  elected  in  1872,  succeeding  T.  O.  Enders, 
Assistant  Secretary  George  W.  Hubbard,  elected  in  1890,  Actuary  H. 
W.  St.  John,  and  Medical  Director  Gurdon  W.  Russell.  The  directors 
of  the  company  are  Messrs.  M.  G.  Bulkeley,  G.  W.  Russell,  Leverett 
Brainard,  T.  O.  Enders,  W,  H.  Bulkeley,  A.  R.  Hillyer,  and  S.  G. 
Dunham. 
■****'Aireld,  F.  0.,  resident  United  States  manager  of  the  Hamburg- 
Bremen  insurance  company,  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  but  was  brought  to 
this  country  in  chidbood.  The  years  of  his  early  manhood  were 
passed  in  Chicago,  where  he  was  three  years  clerk  and  student  in 
a  law  office  and  afterwards  a  solicitor  and  surveyor  for  the  Germania 
insurance  company  of  Chicago,  which  went  up  in  the  flumes  of  the 
great  fire.  In  1872  Mr.  Affeld  was  appointed  Chicago  manager  for 
the  Hamburg-Bremen,  and  in  1878  he  was  invited  to  New  York  to 
assist  Mr.  S.  von  Dorrien  in  establishing  the  United  States  branch 
department  of  that  company.  In  1881  he  succeeded  to  the  manager- 
ship. 

Agents,  General,  State,  and  Special,  and  Department  Managers 
Appointed  in  1892. 

FIRE. 

iBtna  of  Hartford:  Nic.  Kevlt*r,  aiwistant  geueral  nmiiagcr  for  ihe  western  department 

at  Cincinnati,  under  F.  C.  Bennett ;  C  J.  Irvln  of  Philadelphia,  Hpccial  a^ent  ;  W. 

P.  Harford,  ae^iataut  manager  of  the  wes^tern  department,  with  headquartere  at 

Omaha;  M.  V.  Whiltaker,  apecial  agent  for  Ohio. 
American  Central :    Ro«;er8  &  Kenney,  generai  agents  at  Chicago ;  H.  M.  Grant  of 

Portland,  Oregon,  district  agent. 
American  Fire  of  Boaton  :   Artaur  B.  Fowler,  special  agent  for  New  England  under 

Qeneral  Agent  Baker. 


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14  AoEMTB,  Oenskal,  ahd  Dkpartiixnt  Mahagkbb. 

American  Fire  of  New  York  :  Joeepb  Clinton  of  Chtcafco,  special  agent ;  Walter  J. 
Wilson,  Minneapolis,  state  afrent  for  Minnesota. 

American  Fire  of  Philadelphia :  P.  L.  Davis  of  Vicksbnrs,  special  agent  for  Missiaslppi 
and  Lonisiana ;  WiUivn  Doogias  of  Charleston,  specul  agent  for  North  and  South 
Carolina.  • 

American  of  Newark  :  George  W.  Cleaver,  special  agent  for  New  York  state  ;  Isaac 
W.  Holman  of  Chicago,  general  agent. 

British  America  of  Toronto  :   George  C.  Robbins,  special  agent  western  department 

Boylston  of  Boston  :    C.  W.  Hicks,  special  agent  for  Nebraska. 

Burlington  :   E.  G.  Henrv,  special  agent  for  Illinois. 

Capital  Fire  of  Concord :  a.  S.  Critcbell  &  Co.  of  Chicago,  western  department 
managers. 

Columbian  Fire  of  Louisville  :  George  R.  Lewis  A  Co.  of  Minneapolis,  general  agents 
for  Minnesota.  Montana,  and  the  Dakotas ;  Brown  A  Skitmer  of  New  York  city, 
managers  for  tne  eastern  and  middle  states;  C.  A.  Van  Anden  of  Chicago,  mana- 
ger for  the  northwestern  states ;  Corsoo  &  Hunt  of  Philadelphia,  general  agents  for 
Pennsylvania  ;  Adams  A  Boyle  of  LitUe  Rock,  general  agents  for  Arkansas. 

Commercial  Union  :  Edward  J.  Watkins,  special  agent  for  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and 
Virginia ;  L.  Monroee  of  New  Orleans,  general  agent  for  Lonisiana ;  W.  A.  Fnmi^ss 
of  Hartford,  special  agent  for  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey ;  A.  Elwood  Hendrick, 
special  agent  for  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia. 

Connecticut  Fire :  W.  A.  Chapman,  special  agent  for  Wisconsin ;  P.  D.  McGregor, 
special  agent  for  Illinois  and  Indiana  ;  C.  E.  Van  Voorhis,  special  agent,  western 
department ;  R.  S.  O'dell  of  Chicago,  special  agent  for  Illiuols. 

Continental :  James  R.  Walsh,  special  agent  in  Illinois ;  F.  C.  Barkman,  assistant 
manager  and  Amos  F.  Sewell,  special  agent  of  the  Pacific  coast  department; 
W.  T.  Teale,  New  England  special  agent ;  A.  L.  Moye  of  Reno,  state  agent  for 
Nevada. 

Delaware  of  Philadelphia  :  Gustav  WoUaeger  of  Milwaukee,  state  agent  for  Wisconsin 
and  for  Minnesota,  except  the  cities  of  St  Paul  and  Minneapolis  ;  Clarence Knowles, 
general  agent  for  the  southern  department. 

Delaware,  Union,  and  Reliance  companies  of  Philadelphia :  James  R.  Donnelly,  special 
agent,  with  headquarters  at  Omaha,  Neb. 

Equitable  Fire  and  Marine  of  Providence  :  W.  II.  Boutclle,  Now  England  special  agent 

Fire  Association  of  Philadelphia :  William  H.  Hellyar,  special  agent  for  eastern  New 
York  and  western  New  England ;  Bam  Henderson's  Son  &  Co.  of  New  Orleans, 
general  agents  for  Lonisiana  except  Shreveport  and  New  Iberia. 

Fireraan^s  Fund  :  Steohen  D.  Ives,  general  agent,  with  special  supervision  in  Oregon, 
Washington,  and  loaho. 

Franklin  Fire  of  Philadelphia :  E.  H.  Potter  of  San  Francisco,  manager  for  the  Pacific 
coast. 

German-American  :  Gale  T.  Forbnsh,  special  agent  of  the  company^s  middle  depart* 
mcnt :  Will.  Hetnking  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  special  agent 

Glens  Falls  :    Crosby  Dawkins  of  Jacksonville,  general  agi>nt  for  Florida. 

Grand  Rapids  Fire  :  W.  I.  Howard  of  Chicago,  s()ecial  agent  for  Colorado,  Nebraska, 
and  Iowa  ;  Hart  Row  of  Springfield,  111.,  suecial  agent  for  Illinois. 

Granite  State  of  Portsmouth  :  Walter  J.  Wilson  of  Minneapolis,  state  agent  for 
Minnesota. 

Greenwich  of  New  York  :  Charles  M.  Miller,  Hin-clal  ageut  wentem  department 

Guardian  of  London  :  Harry  C.  liandis  of  Isaltiinore,  general  agent  for  Maryland  ; 
Charles  M.  Vogel,  special  agent  for  Kansas  and  Nebraska ;  A.  W.  Halght,  special 
agent  for  Michigan. 

Hamburg-Bremen:  Charles  R.  Thompson,  spochil  agent  for  the  Pacific  northwest; 
Frank  T.  Noble,  special  agent  for  Maine. 

Hartford  Fire  :  £.  H.  Jones  of  Selma,  Ala.,  general  agent ;  C.  E.  Daniels  of  Water- 
town,  special  agent  for  South  Dakota. 

Home  of  New  York :  W.  C.  Phiups  of  Chicago,  special  agent  western  department ; 
Oliver  P.  Clark,  special  agent  for  New  England. 

Insurance  Company  of  North  America  :  Snmpter  Cogswell,  state  agent  for  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee;  D.  R.  Davenport  state  agent  for  MiHHouri ;  Dutton  &  Bailey  of 
San  Francisco,  managers  for  the  Pacific  department,  succeeding  Thomas  A. 
Mitchell,  deceased. 

Insurance  Company  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  :    Howard  T.  WlllianiH  of  Baltimore, 

Scneral  agent  for  Maryland  ;  C-.  R.  Critchell  of  Denver,  manager  of  the  mountain 
epartment. 
Lancashire  :    P.  A.  Montgomery,  western  general  agent ;  John  B.  Slaughter,  resident 
secretary  at  St  Louis,  Mo.;  V.  T.  O'NeU,  special  agent  |for  Missouri,  Kansas,  and 


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AOSNTB,  GBNBBAL,  AKD  DEPARTMENT  MANAGERS.       15 

ArkaoMB ;  Bavid  D.  DaviB,  special  afi^nt  for  Iowa ;  W.  C.  Cree,  special  af^eDt  for 
Colorado  with  headquarters  at  Denver ;  Frank  D.  Lynn,  special  aeent  for  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  and  Kansas,  with  headquarters  at  Omaha ;  W.  E.  Clifford,  special  asent 
in  the  western  department ;  Voornees,  Gregory  A  Co.,  Kansas  City ;  E.  A.  Van 
Trump,  Wilmington,  Del.,  general  American  department ;  H.  J.  Fldrchild,  special 
aeent  for  New  jersev,  Pennsylvania,  etc. ;  Georse  W.  Hayes,  Jr.,  special  agent  for 
Illinois  and  Iowa ;  John  Keegan,  special  agent  for  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Del- 
aware, and  Maryland  ;  Charles  P.  Campbell  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  airent  of  the  graeral 
American  department  for  the  Pittsburgh  district ;  Herbert  Wilmerding,  W.  D. 
Brophy,  and  C.  B.  Worthington,  special  agents  in  the  general  American  department ; 
J.  H.  Beattie,  second  assistant  manager  of  the  western  department  at  Chicago ; 
Arthur  L.  Berrr,  special  agent  for  New  Bnghmd. 

Liverpool  and  liondon  and  Globe :  Charles  H.  Peecay  of  Dallas,  special  agent  for  Texas. 

London  Assurance  Corporation  :    George  T.  Brown,  state  agent  for  Ohio. 

Manchester  Fire :  Edward  L.  Ballard,  assistant  special  agent  for  New  England  and 
New  Jersey,  under  the  supervision  of  Special  Agent  Allen  at  Boston  ;  waiter  H. 
Cobban  of  Minneapolis,  special  agent  for  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  and  South 
Dakota. 

Mechanics  and  Traders  of  New  Orleans :  State  insurance  company,  Nashville,  Tenn., 
transferred  from  Metzger  Sb  Polk  ;  F.  A.  McCarroll,  general  agent  for  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  Alabama,  and  Georgia ;  C.  C.  Emeir  of  Waco,  state  agent  for  Texas. 

Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine  of  Boston  :  Frank  T.  Noble  of  Augusta,  special  agent  for 
Maine. 

Merchants  of  Newark  :   Henry  French  of  Sioux  City,  special  agent  for  Iowa. 

Michigan  Fire  and  Marine  :  Charles  W.  Leisch,  special  agent  with  headquarters  at 
Cincinnati ;  8.  H.  Southwick,  Illinois  state  agent  with  headouarters  at  Chicago. 

Milwaukee  Mechanics :  Karl  Schmemann,  general  agent  for  Michigan  ;  W.  C.  Breden- 
hagen  of  St.  Paul,  general  agent  for  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas ;  M.  E.  Lease  of 
Omaha,  special  agent  for  Iowa  and  Nebraska. 

Mutual  Fire  of  New  York :  Charles  D.  Cox  of  Chicago,  general  agent  for  Illinois, 
Michinn,  Minnesota,  and  Wisconsin. 

National  Fire  of  Hartford :  W.  L.  Fay,  special  agent  for  Connecticut ;  Charles  A. 
Balnter  of  Mt.  Vemon,  O.,  special  agent  for  Ohio. 

Niagara  Fire :  Stephen  French  of  Denison,  Tex.,  special  agent  for  Arkansas  and 
Texas  ;  George  D.  Reynolds,  special  agent  for  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  ;  J.  George 
Stanffer,  special  agent  and  aidiuster  with  headquarters  at  Decatur,  Ul.;  L.  S.  Mc- 
Millan, special  sgent  with  heaaquarters  at  Kanras  City,  Mo. 

Niagara  and  Caledonian  :  Judson  C.  Nichols,  special  agent  for  New  York  ;  F.  C.  Car- 
roll of  Cincinnati,  special  agent  for  Ohio. 

New  Hampshire  Fire  :    Rc^rs  &  Kinney,  Chicago,  111.,  general  agents. 

New  York  Bowery  Fire  :  O.  J.  Wiggins,  Cincinnati,  O.,  general  agent,  southwestern 
department ;  Brownell,  Fowler  &T-o.  of  San  Francisco,  general  n^ents. 

New  York  Fire :  B.  W.  S.  Van  Slyke  of  San  Francisco,  general  agent  for  the  Pacific 
coast ;  Charles  D.  Cox  of  Chicago,  manager  of  the  western  dei)artment. 

New  York  Underwriters  Agency  :  Charles  W.  Higley,  state  agent  for  Minnesota  and 
North  Dakota ;  W.  L.  Aing,  state  agent  for  Wisconsin  and  Iowa. 

North  American  of  Boston  :  E.  H.  Potter  of  San  Francisco,  manager  for  the  Pacific 
coast. 

North  British  and  Mercantile  :  E.  T.  Campbell,  general  agent  with  headquarters  at  the 
New  York  ofllce ;  C.  W.  Fort,  resident  secretary  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  S.  A.  Wilson, 
tclal  agent  for  Indiana  ;  John  Hart  of  Louisville,  special  agent  for  Kentucky  and 


sped 
Tcni 


Northwestern  National :  Lewis  Higgins  special  agent  for  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and  South 

Dakota ;  Parks  A  Shumard  of  Dallas,  state  agents  for  Texas  ;  Miles  £.  Dawson, 

special  agent  for  Wisconsin. 
Norwich  Umon :    F.  W.  Ferguson  of  Louisville,  special  agent  for  Kentucky  and 

Tennessee. 
Oakland  Home  :   F.  B.  Warren  of  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  special  agent  for  Wisconsin  and 

Minnesota. 
Orient :   E.  K.  Cass,  special  agent  for  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 
Palatine  :   Joseph  B.  Linahen,  special  agent,  western  department ;  Frank  D.  Lyons  of 

Omaha,  special  agent  for  Neoraska,  lowa,  Kaiiitas,  and  MiKsouri. 
Pacific  Fire  or  New  York  :    Philip  S.  Brown  of  Kansas  City,  special  agent  for  Kansas. 
Patriotic  of  Ireland  :   Okell,  Donnell  &  Co.  of  San  Francisco,  managers  for  the  Pacific 


Pennsylvania  Fire  :    Vemon  Dargan,  special  agent  for  Texas  and  Arkansas. 
Phenix  of  Brooklyn  :   Eugene  ifarbecK,  general  agent  for  the  western  and  southern 
departments  with  heaaquarters  at  Chicago,  succeeding  Thomas  Burch,  deceased ; 


ogle 


16  AOBITTS,  OSIVBBAL,   AKB  DSPARTMBin*  MaNAOBBS. 

Traman  W.  BastiB,  amistant  fi:eneral  agent  of  the  western  and  eouthcrn  depart- 
ments under  General  Agent  Harbeck :  £.  Rabcock,  general  agent  for  Nebraska ; 
Samuel  G.  Howe,  assistant  special  agent  for  New  England  ;  W.  R.  Robbins  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  special  agent,  southern  department ;  W.  II.  Clemens,  special  agent  for 
Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky  ;  S.  W.  Williaros.  southern  special  agent. 

Phoenix  of  Hartford  :   William  M.  Railey,  manager  for  Louisiana. 

Phoenix  of  London  :  M.  F.  Driecoll,  general  aeent  of  the  western  department  with 
headquarters  at  Chicago  ;  John  H.  Raine  or  Atlanta,  general  agent ;  T.  L.  Mono- 
ghan,  special  agent  for  Texas. 

Providence- Washington  :  Charles  L.  Whittemore  of  Chicago,  general  agent  of  the 
central  department :  Henry  W.  Carlisle  of  Chicago,  Illinois  state  agent. 

Prussian  National  :    £.  B.  Duval  &  C'o.  of  Baltimore,  stau.>  agents  for  Mnryland. 

Queen  :  George  H.  Holman,  special  agent  for  southern  Ni-w  Jersey  ;  Frank  M.  Burt, 
special  agent  in  tlie  southeastern  department ;  Joseph  T.  8tahl  and  C-yrus  Wood- 
bury, special  agents  for  Indiana  ;  £.  B.  Boyd,  Louisville,  deputy  manager  and  gen- 
eral adjuster ;  1).  N.  Walker,  Richmond,  va.,  state  agent  for  Virginia  ;  R.  A.  Han- 
cock, Atlanta,  Ga.,  si)ccial  agent  for  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  and  the  Carolinas  ; 
Jesse  Woodruff,  Lexington,  Ky.,  special  agent  for  Kentucky  ;  A.  C.  Goddin,  Louis- 
ville, special  agent  for  Kentucky,  Missinsippi,  and  Tennessee  ;  Milton  Dargan, 
Dallas,  Tex.,  special  agent  for  Texas  and  Arkansas  ;  A.  A.  Wood,  New  Orleans, 
state  agent  for  Louisiana. 

Rhode  Island  Underwriters  Aasociation :  M.  S.  MoorCf  special  agent  with  headquarters 
at  Chicago. 

Royal :  David  J.  Matt4.>8on,  special  agent  for  Kansas;  Frank  E.  Burke,  special  agent 
for  Western  New  York ;  C.  T.  Baird  of  Louisville^  special  agent  under  Barbae  & 
Castleman. 

Scottish  Alliance  of  Glasgow  :    Hall  &  Henshaw,  New  York  correspondents. 

Security  of  New  Haven  :  Charles  B.  Funston  of  Columbus,  O.,  special  agent  for  Ohio, 
West  Virginia,  and  Kentucky. 

Southern  of  New  Orleans :  Mercer  Otey  of  San  Francisco,  general  agent  for  the  Pacific 
coast. 

Springfield  Fire  and  Marine  :  A.  G.  Dugan,  general  agent  for  Oregon  and  Washington; 
John  B.  Coniish,  special  agent  for  New  England  ;  Samuel  J.  Whytc,  s]>ecial  agent 
with  headquarters  at  the  Springfield  office  with  jurisdiction  over  the  territory  out- 
side the  Pacific  coast  and  the  western  dej)artment. 

Spring  Garden  :  11.  P.  Wood,  special  agent  for  New  York  and  the  New  England  states; 
BeuHon  M.  Greene  of  Baltimore,  state  agent  for  Maryland. 

St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine  :    W.  M.  Railey  of  New  Orleans,  general  agent 

Sun  Mutual  of  New  Orleans  :  J.  C.  Seymour  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  special  agent  for  North 
and  South  Carolina. 

Svea  of  Gothenberg  :  George  Mel  of  San  Francisco,  manager  for  the  Pacific  coast ; 
Adams  &  Buyoe,  Little  Iif)ck,  Ark.,  general  agents  for  Texas. 

Syndicate  of  Minneapolis :  Bonner  &  Dorough  of  Tyler,  Texas,  general  agents  for 
Texas,  Louisianii,  and  Alabama. 

Traders  of  Cliii^ago  :  Voes,  Conrad  &  Co.  of  San  Francisco,  general  agents  for  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Transatlautic  :    Uerlx-rt  L.  Low  of  San  Francisco,  general  agent  for  the  Pacific  coast. 

United  Fire  of  Manchester :  S.  D.  Sciidder  of  San  Antonio,  general  agent  for  Texas  ; 
George  W.  Fisher  of  Chicago,  manager  of  the  western  dt-partnu-nt. 

United  StJites  Fire  of  New  York  :  Guy  r'rancie,  general  agent  for  Alabama,  Arkansas, 
Tennessee,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  South  Carolina ;  C.  E.  Wilklns, 
siK'cial  agent  for  New  England  ;  G.  R.  Jenkins,  sjK'cial  agent  for  Ohio  ;  Bromwell, 
Fowler  &  Co.  of  San  Francisco,  general  agents. 

Union  of  Philadelphia  :   D.  £.  Julian,  state  agent  for  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Michigan. 

Western  of  Toronto :    H.  T.  Lamey  of  Denver,  Col. ,  general  agent. 

LIFE. 

.^ina  Life  :  S.  G.  Rosenstein  of  Charleston,  Mo.,  special  agent  for  Missouri ;  H.  S. 
Munson,  general  agent  with  headquarters  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  J.  B.  Palmer  of  Par- 
kersburg,  special  agent  for  western  W^cst  Virginia. 

Berkshire  Life  :  John  Thomas  of  C-leveland,  general  agent  for  northern  Ohio  ;  Chan- 
ning  T.  Gage  of  Detroit,  sijecial  agent  for  Michigan. 

Brooklyn  Life  :  Samuel  L.  Adams  of  Durham,  N.  C,  manager  for  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, Southern  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  South  Carolina. 

Commercial  Alliance :  F.  E.  Marsh,  superintendent  of  agencies  for  the  western 
department. 

Connecticut  General  Life ;   W.  W,  Woodruff,  general  agent,  at  Cleveland,  O. ;  William 


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AOBNTS,  GbNBBAL,  AND  DEPARTMENT  MANAGERS.  17 

G.  Carroll,  general  agent  for  Philadelphia ;  L.  J.  Eldridj^e  of  St.  Johnebury,  general 
agent  for  northern  Vermont. 

ConnocticQt  Mutual  Life :  Archibald  H.  Oibbe,  freneral  agent  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
BQCoeeding  his  father,  deceased  ;  George  E.  Williams  of  Boston,  general  agent  for 
eastern  Massachusetts ;  Gerwig  &  Baughman  of  Lincoln,  general  agents  for  southern 
Nebraska ;  Denison  B.  Tucker  of  New  Haven,  general  agent. 

Equitable  Life  of  New  York  :  J.  M.  Qninn  of  Memphin,  manager  for  western  Tennes- 
see ;  C.  V.  L.  Craw  of  Nashville,  manager  for  middle  and  eastern  TenncHsee  ;  M. 
A.  Marks,  manager  for  Cleveland,  O.:  James  L.  Hall  of  Fall  River,  Masn.,  general 
agent;  F.  A.  C.  Hill,  manager  for  Rhode  Island  with  headquarters  at  Providcucc  ; 
Perdue  &  Eglcston  of  Atlanta  and  N.  R.  Winship  of  Macon,  generul  agents  for 
Georgia ;  C.  E.  Perry  of  Dalltu,  manager  for  eastern  Texas  ;  A.  A.  Green,  Jr.,  of 
Fort  Worth,  manager  for  western  Texas  ;  J.  Sand  berg,  special  agent  In  the  depart- 
ment of  Archibald  C.  Haynes  ;  Kendrick  &  May  of  St.  Louis,  general  agents  of  the 
southwestern  department ;  George  R.  Endicott,  Michigan,  special  agent ;  M.  R. 
Howard  of  Cincinnati,  manager  for  southern  Ohio  ;  F.  H.  Puffer  of  Manchester,  N. 
H.,  special  agent ;  Frank  R.  Alderman  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  special  agent;  I^njamin 
H.  Dorr  of  Boston,  general  agent ;  James  Yereancc,  manager  for  the  New  York 
metropolitan  district ;  E.  H.  &  C.  N.  Robinson  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  general  agents 
for  Kansas  and  northern  Missouri. 

Germania  Life :  Jacobs  &  Nelson  of  San  Francisco,  general  acrents  for  California ; 
Edward  E.  Forte  of  Nash>ille,  state  agent  for  Tennessee  and  Kentncky  ;  Charles  J. 
H.  Childs  of  Portland,  Ore.,  general  agent  for  Oregon  and  Washington  ;  Charles  H. 
Florian,  general  agent  for  Texas,  with  headquarters  at  San  Antonio ;  Nolker  & 
Humphreys,  general  agents,  Cincinnati,  O.;  Boyle  &  Armstrong,  managere  for 
Minneaoto  ;  C.  T.  S.  Wegler  of  Kansas  City,  state  agent  for  Missouri ;  H.  8.  Gros- 
ser of  Milwaukee,  manager  for  Wisconsin. 

Home  Life  of  Brooklyn  ;  W.  J.  Madden  of  New  York,  state  agent  for  New  York  ; 
Richard  A.  Love  of  Kansas  City,  state  agent  for  Kansas  and  Missouri ;  Tarbox  & 
Loomisof  St  Paul,  Minn.,  general  agents  ;  K.  A.  Taft  of  Chicago,  gcmcral  agents  ; 
Robert  M.  and  Harry  H.  Kerr,  general  agents  reporting  to  tlie  Chicago  oflice  ; 
Hiram  Wiescnfleld  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  general  agent ;  S.  F.  Angus,  general  agent 
for  Michigan,  Indiana,  northern  Ohio  and  western  Ontario,  with  headquarters  at 
Detroit ;  Andrew  Johnstone,  general  agent  for  Rochester,  N.  Y.;  A.  R.  Shnttuck, 
manager  for  western  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire,  and  Rhode  Island,  with  heud- 

2uartcre  at  Boston ;  L.  N.  Smith  of  Sprinjrtleld,  Mo.,  general  agent  for  southern 
[issourl ;  G.  W.  Goddard,  general  agent  for  eastern  Massachusetts,  with  head- 
qnartera  at  Boston  ;  J.  Flock  McNally,  special  agent  for  central  Ohio ;  W.  R. 
Haile,  general  agent  at  New  Orleans  ;  Thomas  Law  of  Oxford,  0„  sp«>cial  agent ; 
William  J.  Loveys,  manager  for  southern  Ohio ;  W.  L.  More  of  Philadelphia,  gen- 
eral agent  for  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

John  Hancock  Mntnal  Life  :  John  B.  Pendergast  of  Chicago,  general  agent  for  IllinolH ; 
J.  Ringgold,  general  agent  at  Cincinnati,  O.;  Williams  &  Fleekinger,  general  agents 
for  Indiana,  with  headquarters  at  Indianapolis  ;  Warren  Craig,  general  agent  for 
western  New  York,  with  head(iunrters  at  Buffalo. 

Life  Indemnity  and  Investment  of  Sioux  City  :  E.  H.  Kellogg,  eastern  manager,  with 
headquarters  at  Chicago. 

Life  Insurance  Clearing  ('ompanv  :    J.  E.  Halsted  of  Towka,  general  agi-nt  for  Kansas. 

Manhattan  Life :  Henry  W.  Baldwin  and  Percv  V.  Baldwin  as  BaKlwin  &  Baldwin, 
managers  for  New  Jersey,  Connecticut,  and  Ix)ng  Island  :  Tllllngliast  Brothers  of 
Cleveland,  general  agents  for  Ohio  (except  Cincinnati)  and  western  Pennsylvania  : 
Ben.  F.  Calef  of  Boston,  general  agent  for  New  England  ;  Foot  &  JenkiiiH,  sp<'cial 
agents  at  Austin,  Texas;  Walker^  Holdcn  of  Bellows  Falls,  state  agents  for  Ver- 
mont ;  J.  L.  Booker  of  Richmond,  Ky.,  superintendent  of  ngemles  for  Kentucky. 

Massachusetts  Mntnal  Life  :  Dilley  &  Relchenberg,  state  agents  for  Kentucky  ;  Jaines 
L.  Gross  of  St.  Louis,  general  agent  for  eastern  MisKourl  and  southern  Illinois; 
Edward  H.  Osborn,  general  agent  at  Boston  ;  C.  C.  Spaulding,  gciu'pil  agent  for 
Rhode  Island,  with  headquarters  at  Providence;  C.  P.  Wiekhani,  Jr.,  of  Norwalk, 
eeneral  agent  for  northern  Ohio  ;  John  J.  Marshall  of  Poughke**pMie,  gi-ncral  agent. 

Michigan  Mntnal :    James  F.  Conlev  of  Atlanta,  general  agent  for  (ieorgia. 

Mutual  Benefit  Life  :  G.  H.  Hopkins  and  Charles  T.  Howes,  general  agents  for  eastern 
Maine  ;  John  N.  Batterick  of  I>ubn(inc,  suijerin'endent  of  agencies  for  Iowa  ;  S.  D. 
F.  McEwen  of  Nashville,  siH'cial  ajjentfor  Tennessee. 

Matual  Life  of  New  York  :  Joseph  E.  B^iker,  of  Haker  Brothers,  general  agent  for 
Misaoorl,  Arkansas,  and  Indian  Territory,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis,  3fo.  ; 
John  E.  Lord,  general  agent  for  Kanuis,  with  headiniaru^rs  at  To|M-ka,  Kansas  ; 
Daniel  A.  Dyer,  of  Dyer  Brothers,  general  agent  for  Northern  Texas,  with  head- 
qoarten  at  Dallas,  Texaa ;  Edwin  Chamberlam,  general  agent  for  Southern  Texas, 


18       AOBNTB,  GbNBRAL,  AND  DeFABTMBKT  MaKAGBBS. 

with  headquarters  at  San  Antonio,  Texas ;  K.  F.  Shedden  of  Atlanta,  geioenX  agent 
for  Georgia ;  Charles  E.  Newlin,  general  agent  for  Indiana,  with  headqaartera  at 
Indianapolis ;  T.  Howard  Lewis,  general  agent  for  Delaware  and  adjacent  coontlea 
In  Maryland  and  Virginia ;  Amos  D.  Smith,  3d,  Boston  executive  special  agent ; 
George  Tilles,  general  agent  for  Arkansas,  with  headquarters  at  Little  Rock  ;  Frank 
A.  Babcock,  general  agent  at  Bnifalo,  N.  T.,  for  western  New  Tork  :  Riddle,  Hamil- 
ton &  Co.,  of  Terre  Haute,  general  agents  for  Indiana ;  Edward  F.  Berkeley,  Jr., 
general  agent  for  Kentucky  :  Fleming  Bros,  of  Dubuque,  state  agents  for  Iowa ; 
T.  H.  Bowles,  general  agent  for  Wisconsin  and  Northwestern  Michigan,  with  head- 
quarters at  Milwaukee ;  Howard  Swineford,  general  agent  for  Eastern  Vin^nia ; 
Robert  H.  Gemand  and  F.  H.  Hyatt  of  Columbia,  general  agents  for  South  Caro- 
lina ;  A.  B.  Rowley,  of  Lockport,  special  agent  for  Western  New  Tork. 

National  Life  of  Vermont :  llahn  &  Carson,  sute  agents  for  Oregon ;  H.  M.  Goodrich, 
of  Baltimore,  superintendent  of  agencies  for  Maryland ;  James  B.  Lockridge  of 
Kansas  City,  general  agent  for  West  Missouri. 

New  England  Mutual  Life  :  Horace  R.  McLean,  general  agent  for  New  Orleans  ;  H.  F. 
McNutt,  general  agent  for  northern  Ohio,  with  headquarters  at  Cleveland  ;  W.  H. 
Keith,  general  agent  for  southern  Illinois,  with  headquarters  at  Peoria,  111. 

New  York  Life  :  Crawford  &  Carey  of  Fargo,  general  agents  for  northern  Minnesota 
and  southern  North  Dakota ;  E.  S.  white  of  Cincinnati,  manager  for  southern 
Ohio :  L.  H.  Baldwin,  general  agent  for  Baltimore,  Md.;  Robert  A.  Whitney  of 
New  York,  general  manager  of  the  seaboard  department ;  Hodge,  Knox  &  Henry, 
Chicago  metropolitan  managere :  A.  R.  Shattuck,  general  agent  at  Minneapolis ; 
William  F.  Jones  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  general  agent ;  Bion  Wilson  of  Portland, 
Me.,  special  agent :  W.  A.  Russell  of  Jacksonville,  general  agent  for  Florida ; 
Thomas  J.  M.  Laira  of  Williamsport,  Pa.,  general  agent 

Northwestern  Mutual  Life  :  Charles  W.  Fisher,  general  agent  for  southern  California  ; 
Dr.  H.  D.  Rodman  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  state  agent  for  Kentucky,  succeeding  John 
W.  Robinson,  deceased  ;  Miles  E.  Dawson,  special  agent  for  Wisconsin  ;  Henry  C. 
Farrar,  special  agent  for  Vermont ;  E.  G.  Mason  of  Rutland,  superintendent  of 
agencies  ror  Vermont ;  W.  E.  Anderson,  superintendent  of  agencies  for  Wisconsin 
and  northern  Michigan. 

Pacific  Mutual  Life :   Jackson  A  Crehan  of  Denver,  Col.,  general  agents. 

Penn  Mutual  Life  :  Philip  Hartley,  Boston,  special  agent ;  G.  A.  Guenther  of  Birming- 
ham, general  agent  for  northern  Alabama. 

Phoenix  Mutual  Life :  William  B.  Fitch,  general  agent  for  southern  Ohio,  with  head- 
quarters at  Cincinnati ;  James  S.  Norns,  general  agent  for  Wisconsin,  with  head- 
quarten  at  Milwaukee ;  A.  B.  Abemethy,  manager  for  central  and  western  New 
York,  with  headquartere  at  Syracuse ;  T.  T,  Hay  &  Bro.,  of  Raleigh,  N.  C,  general 
agents ;  Ritter  A  Fryer,  of  I)es  Moines,  la.,  general  agents ;  W.  W.  Hntson,  of 
Columbia,  stele  agent  for  South  Carolina ;  W.  H.  Reed,  of  Kansas  City,  general 
agent  for  Missouri  ;  J.  E.  Halsted,  of  Topeka,  stete  agent  for  Kansas. 

Provident  Life  and  Trust :  E.  J.  Warren,  general  agent  for  Michigan. 

Provident  Savings  Life  :  F.  E.  McMullen,  stete  agent  for  Nebraska ;  Fletcher  E.  Mareh, 

Smeral  agent  at  Chicago,  III.;  E.  W.  J.  Hawkins,  state  agent  for  Vermont ;  W.  C. 
rown,  of  Dea  Moines,  stete  agent  for  Iowa ;  L.  C.  Bailey,  of  Topeka,  stete  agent 
for  Kansas ;  H.  F.  Atherton,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  general  agent ;  W.  P.  Nelson, 
stete  agent  for  Arkansas. 

Stendard  Life  and  Accident :  Dana  W.  Bennett  A  Co.  of  Boston,  stete  agents  for 
Rhode  Island,  Massachusette,  and  Connecticut ;  George  H.  Russell  of  Milwaukee, 
manager  for  Wisconsin. 

Stete  Mutual  of  Worcester  :   Edward  L.  Gemand,  Philadelphia,  general  agent. 

Travelers  of  Hartford  :  Joseph  F.  Beard  of  Baltimore,  general  agent  for  Maryland  : 
W.  B.  Humphrey  of  London,  Neb.,  special  agent  for  Kansas  and  Nebraska ;  G.  A. 
Browning,  general  agent  for  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  South  Carolina,  with 
headquarters  at  Richmond  ;  J.  R.  Lindsay,  stete  agent  for  North  Carolina  and  up- 
per South  Carolina,  with  headquartere  at  Yorkville,  S.  C. ;  O.  M.  Cummings,  special 
agent  for  western  Texas. 

Union  Central  Life  :  Riggs  A  Smith,  eeneral  agcnte  at  Chicago,  111.;  A.  O.  Pessou  of 
New  Orleans,  stete  agent  for  Louisiana ;  Folger  A  Girardson  of  Savannah,  Ga., 
general  agente  ;  W.  E.  Evans  of  New  Orleans,  special  agent. 

Union  Mutual  Life :  D.  S.  Breakenridge  of  Detroit,  manager  for  Michigan  ;  A.  Snhler, 
general  agent,  with  headquarters  at  Cincinnati,  O. 

United  Stetee  Life :  S.  R.  Dent,.di8trict  managt^r  for  central  and  southern  Kentucky  ; 
Fred.  L.  Sawyer,  manager  for  Boston,  Mass. ;  Thomas  P.  Daley  of  Leadville,  man- 
ager for  Colorado ;  Robert  E.  Snow  of  St.  Louis,  manager  for  eastern  Missouri  ; 
W.  C.  Krensch  of  Youugstown,  manager  for  eastern  Ohio. 

Vermont  Life  :   J.  B.  Mifflin,  general  agent,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Samuel  L.  Adams  of 


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AUBXiLNDBR.  19 

Dortiam,  N.  C,  mftnaf^er  for  North  Carolina  and  Soath  Carolina ;  Frank  A.  Early 
of  Chicago,  j^neral  aficent. 
Washington  Life:    Charles  O.  Roemer  of  Cumberland,  general  agent  for  western 
Maryland. 

CASVAIiTT  AlTD  BURBTT. 

American  Accident  of  Loaisvllle :   6.  C.  Lambert  of  Omaha,  state  agent  for  Nebraska. 

American  Casnalty  of  Baltimore :  Watson  &  Penny  of  Minneapolis,  general  agents  for 
Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  and  South  Dakota ;  James  W.  Nye,  manager  of  uie  west- 
em  department ;  H.  M.  Stark  of  Milwaukee,  special  agent ;  Sloan  A  Tarpey  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  general  agents  for  Utah,  Idaho,  Nevada,  and  Montana. 

American  Employers  Liability:  W.  L.  Seddon  &  Co.  of  Richmond,  Va.,  general  agents 
of  the  Bonthem  department ;  David  Black,  general  agent  for  Connecticut ;  B.  L. 
Steams  of  Davenport,  manager  for  Iowa  ;  Edgar  S.  Kunyon  of  Newark,  general 
agent  for  New  Jersey ;  W.  L.  Daughtrey  of  Birmingham,  state  agent  for  Alabama ; 
T.  G.  Slaughter  of  Lonisville,  general  agent  for  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi, 
and  Lonisiana :  William  M.  Byrnes  of  St  Louis,  general  agent  for  Missouri. 

Fidelity  and  Casualty  ;  J.  J.  Benson,  resident  manager  for  Vir^nia  and  North  Carolina, 
with  headquarters  at  Richmond  :  John  A.  Hemdon,  formerly  local  agent,  Danville, 
transferred  to  Richmond  as  resident  agent  for  all  departments  ;  John  B.  O'Donnell, 
special  agent  of  the  accident  department  at  Syracuse,  N.  T. ;  J.  H.  Leedham,  special 
agent  of  the  company  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  McDonnell  &  Hood  of  Minneapolis, 
general  agents  for  Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  the  Dakotas ;  A.  J.  Benson  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  general  agent ;  Charles  L.  Nelson  of  Lonisville,  resident  manager  for  Ken- 
tucky. 

Hartford  Steam  Boiler  :   W.  A.  Dmck,  special  agent  for  Kentucky  and  Tennessee. 

New  Jersey  Plate  Glass  :  A.  D.  Kennedy  A  Co.,  general  agents  lor  Chicago  and  Cook 
county,  Dl. 

New  York  Plate  Glass  :  S.  B.  Higinbotham  of  San  Francisco,  general  agent  for  Cal- 
ifornia ;  H.  S.  Warner  of  Chicago,  general  agent  for  nilnoiB  ;  J.  M.  Sears  &  Co., 
genera]  agents  for  Cincinnati;  TT Grant  Slaughter  of  Louisville,  general  agent  for 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  and  Louisiana ;  Francis  A.  Chapman  of  Denver, 
general  agent  for  Colorado. 

Alabama,  Insurance  Sapervision  in,  1860-1892.  Tlie  supervision 
of  the  business  of  insurance  in  Alabama  was  yested  in  tlie  State  Auditor 
by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  February  24,  1860.  The  term 
of  office  is  four  years,  and  the  officials  have  been: 

W.  J.  Greene, 18fia-1866   J.  M.  Carmichael 1880-1884 

M.  A.Chrisholra 1866-1868    M.  C.  Burke, 1884-1888 

R.  M.  Reynolds, 186&-187S   Cyras  D.  Rogue 1888-1892 

R.  T.  Smiths 1872-1876   John  Fnrifoy, 1898- 

Willis  Brewer, 1876-1880 

The  clerk  of  thQ  auditor's  office  in  charge  of  insurance  is  Judge 
John  T.  Cook. 

klexander,  James  W.,  first  vice  president  of  the  Equitable  Life 
^Assurance  Society,  vras  born  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  July  19,  1839,  and 
was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander,  many  years  pastor  of  the 
Fifth  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  of  New  York,  and  nephew  of  the 
late  William  C.  Alexander,  the  first  president  of  the  company.  He 
was  graduated  from  Princeton  College  in  the  class  of  1860,  and  after 
a  few  years  practice  at  the  bar  of  New  York  joined  the  office  force  of 
the  Equitable  Life.  He  was  appointed  secretary  in  1866,  elected 
second  vice-president  in  1871  and  first  vice  president  in  1874.  Mr. 
Alexander  was  president  of  the  Princeton  Club  of  New  York  several 
vears,  and  is  the  present  president  of  the  University  Club  of  New 
York,  and  a  trustee  of  Princeton  University. 

Alexander,  If.  A.,  western  general  agent  of  the  Fidelity  and 
Casualty  company,  was  born  near  Corioth,  Miss.,  May  2,  1857,  where 
his  father  was,  at  the  time,  president  of  Carroll  ton  College.  In  1886 
Mr.  Alexander  went  to  Chicago  to  seek  his  fortune,  and  formed  a  coa- 


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20  American  Oasualtt  Inburahcb  and  Sbcurttt. 

nection  with  aD  accident  insurance  company  to  solicit  on  a  railroad 
line.  This  position  lie  resigned  to  accept  the  general  agency  of  the 
Fidelity  and  Casualty.  He  represents  that  company  in  its  accident, 
steam  holier,  elevator,  and  employers'  liability  departments. 

Allen,  Jeremiah  M.,  president  of  the  Hartford  Steam  Boiler  In- 
spection and  insurance  company,  was  born  at  Enfield,  Conn.,  about 
1834,  and  received  his  early  education  at  the  Westfield  Academy,  Mass., 
.  where  he  was  fitted  for  a  civil  engineer.  After  graduation  be  taught 
school,  but  in  April,  1865,  he  enteiid  the  insurance  business  as  general 
agent  and  adjuster  for  the  Merchants  insurance  company  of  Hartford, 
a  position  which  he  subsequently  held  for  the  Security  Fire  of  New 
York,  in  1867,  he  was  elected  the  president  of  the  Hartford  Steam 
Boiler.  Mr.  Allen  is  identified  with  the  prominent  charitable  institu- 
tions of  Hartford,  and  has  been  in  the  city  government.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  several  of  the  leading  scientific  societies  of  the  United  States. 

Alliance  assurance  company  of  London,  in  January,  1892,  pur- 
chased the  Royal  Canadian  of  Montreal,  and  reinsured  its  business, 
mostly  Canadian.  In  the  same  month  the  announcement  was  made 
that  the  Alliance  had  purchased  the  business  of  the  Union  insurance 
company  of  San  Francisco,  and  had  begun  writing  its  own  policies  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  Mr.  N.  T.  James,  president  of  the  Union,  was  ap- 
pointed manager  of  the  United  States  branch  of  the  Alliance,  with 
headquarters  at  San  Francisco. 

Alliance  insurance  association  of  New  York  reinsured  its  risks 
in  January,  1802,  in  the  Pheniz  of  Brooklyn,  but  continued  business. 
It  reinsured  its  risks  a  second  time,  in  September,  1892,  in  the  United 
Fire  of  Manchester,  £ng.,  and  retired  again  from  business.  From 
January  to  September  it  had  received  about  |70,000  in  premiums,  but 
its  capital  was  somewhat  impaired.  The  Alliance  was  started  in  1887 
as  a  brokers'  company  and  was  expected  to  get  the  cream  of  business 
controlled  by  its  stockholders.  The  capital  was  $200,000  with  $100.- 
000  surplus  paid  in.  On  January  1,  1892,  the  net  surplus  was  $877. 
Notwithstanding  the  e£Forts  of  the  brokers  to  build  up  their  own,  their 
expectations  were  never  realized.     [See  Yereance,  James.] 

American  Annnit^  company  of  New  York  was  incorporated  in 
Aug^ust,  1802,  for  life  insurance  and  the  granting  of  annuities.  The 
capital  stock  is  $100,000,  with  the  right  to  increase  to  $1,000,000. 
The  incorporators  were  Felix  Kaufman,  Maximilian  M.  Ruttenan, 
D.  McLean  Shaw,  Joseph  Milton  Kaufman,  Otto  Q.  Dietz,  James  R. 
Moseman,  I.  R.  Sergeant,  Joseph  Stetten,  Qeorge  H.  Kraus,  W.  L. 
Sergeant,  and  J.  J.  Mooney.  The  company  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  formally  organized. 

American  Casualty  Insurance  and  Secnrity  company  of  Balti- 
more, Maryland,  was  incorporated  January  10,  and  began  business 
June  14,  1890,  with  a  cash  capital  of  $1,000,000.  A  surplus  of  $500,- 
000  was  also  provided  for  by  the  stockholders.  The  incorporators 
were  Messrs.  John  Gill,  William  Alexander  Fisher,  William  W.  Spence, 
Charles  David  Fisher,  James  A.  Gary,  Robert  Sewell,  and  John  Aspin- 
wall  Hodge,  Jr.  The  act  of  incorporation  conferred  liberal  powers, 
the  kinds  of  business  authorized  being: — 


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Ambrican  Oabualtt  Inburakcb  and  Secukitt.  21 

' '  To  make  insurance  upon  veflsels,  freights,  goods,  wares,  and  mer- 
chandise; upon  dwelling  houses,  stores,  and  all  Kinds  of  erections  and 
buildings;  upon  every  and  all  kinds  of  property,  including  among 
other  things,  credits,  profits,  and  choses  in  action,  against  injury, 
damage,  loss  or  destruction,  arising  from  any  unknown  or  contingent 
event  whatever. 

*'To  make  all  insurance  connected  with  marine  risks,  the  risks  of 
transportation  of  freight,  persons,  and  passengers,  and  the  risks  of 
inland  navigation. 

"  To  make  insurance  against  fire  and  all  insurance  connected  there- 
with. 

"  To  make  insurance  upon  cattle  and  live  stock. 

"  To  make  insurance  upon  steam-boilers  and  all  engines,  machinery, 
and  connections  operated  by  steam,  against  explosions  and  accident, 
and  to  repair,  alter,  replace,  to  make  inspections  of,  and  issue  certifi- 
cates of  inspection  upon  such  boilers,  engines,  machinery,  and  con- 
nections. 

"  To  make  insurance  upon  electrical  plants  and  appliances  and  all 
the  connections  thereof,  against  loss  and  damage  caused  remotely  or 
directly  by,  or  to,  such  plants,  appliances,  and  connections,  and  to  re- 
pair, alter,  replace,  to  make  inspection  of,  and  issue  certificates  of 
inspection  upon  the  same. 

"To  make  insurance  upon  plate  glass  against  breakage. 

"To  make  insurance  against  liability  of  employers  or  others  for 
injuries  to  their  employes  or  to  others. 

*'To  make  insurance  against  loss  or  damage  arising  remotely  or 
directly  from  any  of  the  following  causes :  By  the  action  of  the 
elements,  air,  wind,  lightning,  storm,  water,  flood,  cold,  frost,  snow, 
heat,  fire,  fire  damp,  gases,  steam,  electricity,  earthquakes,  land-slides, 
rust,  mildew,  poisons,  decay,  insects,  animals,  wild  or  domestic;  or 
by  accident,  negligence,  trespass,  theft,  burglary,  embezzlement,  fraud, 
forgery,  breach  of  trust,  tort,  or  breach  of  contract. 

"And,  in  addition  to  such  insurance  business,  to  guarantee  the  pay- 
ment, performance,  and  collections  of  promissory  notes,  bills  of  ex- 
change, contracts,  bonds,  accounts,  claims,  rents,  annuities,  mortgages, 
choses  in  action,  evidences  of  debt,  and  certificates  of  property  or 
values,  and  the  titles  to  property,  real  or  personal,  on  such  terms  as 
may  be  established  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  said  company;  to  re 
ceive  on  storage,  deposit,  or  otherwise,  merchandise,  bullion,  specie. 

Slate,  stocks,  bonds,  promissory  notes,  certificates,  and  evidences  of 
ebt,  contracts,  or  other  property,  and  to  take  management,  custody, 
and  charge  of  real  or  personal  estate  or  property,  and  to  advance 
monev,  securities,  and  credit  upon  any  property,  real,  personal,  or 
mixea,  on  such  terms,  and  with  such  powers  of  sale,  and  other  dis- 
position thereof,  as  shall  be  established  by  the  by-laws  of  such  corpora- 
tion ;  and  the  corporation  hereby  created  shall  have  full  power  and 
authority  to  do  and  perform  every  act  and  thing  requisite  and  neces- 
sary to  carry  out  the  general  business  hereinbefore  set  forth." 

The  states  in  which  the  company  has  been  authorized  to  transact 
business,  include  Alabama,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  California,  Colorado, 
Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Florida,  Georgia,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Maryland,  Massachusetts, 


29  Ambrioah  Oasualtt  Inbubanob  and  Sbcubttt. 

Michigan.  Minnesota,  Mlsdasippi,  Missouri,  Montana,  Nebraska,  New 
Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  Mexico,  New  York,  North  Carolina, 
North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South 
Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Tezss,  Utah,  Vermont,  Virginia, 
Washington,  West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming. 

The  company  in  New  York  state  is  empowered  to  engage  in  steam 
boiler  insurance,  and  in  Massachusetts  it  is  authorized  to  transact  all 
classes  of  general  accident  and  employers'  liability  insurance.  The 
combination  contract,  which  it  issues,  embraces: — 1st,  Employers' 
Liability  Clause.  2d,  Contribution  Clause.  8d,  Public  Liability 
Clause.    4th,  Boiler  Explosion  and  General  Casualty  Clause. 

The  contribution  clause  embodies  an  original  plan  of  insurance 
adopted  by  the  company,  and  copyrighted  by  the  management.  The 
idea  is  to  harmonize  and  cement  the  mutual  relations  existing  between 
employer  and  employe,  in  that  full  indemnity  is  fumishecTfor  acci- 
dental death  or  injury,  whether  the  employer  is  liable  or  not  liable  for 
such  accidents,  according  to  the  terms  and  provisions  of  the  form  of 
insurance  best  adapted  to  the  particular  circumstances  of  each  insurer. 
The  benefits  of  contribution  insurance  are  as  follows : 

(a)  Partial  Contribution  Clause.  Paying  the  assured  one-half 
wages  and  doctor's  bills  for  accidental  injury  of  employes  for  fifty 
weeks,  and  half  of  one  vear's  wages,  doctor's  bills,  and  funeral  expenses 
in  case  of  accidental  death  of  employes,  which  accidental  injunr  or 
death  may  occur  to  employes,  actively  engaged  in  the  business  of  the 
assured  on  his  premises  or  elsewhere,  and  not  exceeding  $1,600  for 
each  person. 

(b)  Partial  OantrHmiion  Clause.  Same  as  abow,  except  the  limits 
are  full  wages  and  doctor's  bills  in  case  of  accidental  injury,  and  one 
year's  wages,  doctor's  bills,  and  funeral  expenses  in  case  of  accidental 
^eath,  and  not  exceeding  $3,000  for  each  person. 

(c)  Pull  Contribution  Clause.  Paying  the  assured  one-half  wages 
and  doctor's  bills  for  accidental  injury  of  employes  for  fifty  weeks,  and 
one-half  of  one  year's  wages,  doctor's  bills,  and  funeral  expenses  in 
case  of  accidental  death  of  employes,  which  accidental  injury  or  death 
may  occur  to  employes,  wherever  they  may  be,  and  not  exceeding 
$l,oOO  for  each  person. 

(d)  FuU  Contribution  Clause.  Same  as  (e),  excepting  the  limits 
are  full  wages  and  doctor's  bills  in  case  of  accidental  injury,  and  one 
year's  wages,  doctor's  bills,  and  funeral  expenses  in  case  of  accidental 
death,  and  not  exceeding  $8,000  for  each  person. 

There  is  an  inspection  department  organized  and  connected  with 
the  company's  steam  boiler  insurance  operations,  a  corps  of  engineers 
being  retained  for  the  work.  The  company  furnishes,  free  of  charge, 
plans  and  specifications  for  boilers,  settings  and  pii)ing  for  boiler 
houses,  chimneys,  etc.,  and  has  a  well-equipped  chemical  laboratory 
in  order  to  analyze  the  water  used  in  boilers,  to  determine  the  presence, 
if  any,  of  scale-forming  ingredients,  so  frequently  a  source  of  trouble 
and  injury  to  boilers.  The  company's  chemists  will  aim  to  detect 
these  injurious  elements  and  suggest  means  for  their  removal.  The 
assured  will  receive  a  certificate  stating  ofllcially  the  condition  of 
boilers,  tanks,  engines,  elevators,  etc. 

In  addition  to  the  insurance  provided  for  in  the  combination  con- 


AuBBioAN  Emplotkrs  Liabiltit  Company.  23 

tract,  separate  policies  are  issued  for  steam  boiler  insurance,  covering 
every  conceivable  hazard  of  a  boiler  explosion  or  rupture  to  property 
and  life. 

For  elevator  insurance,  covering  everj  accident  to  property  and 
injury  to  person  or  death  resulting  therefrom. 

For  automatic  sprinkler  insurance,  covering  every  loss  or  damage 
to  all  property  of  assured  or  others  caused  by  water  discharged  or 
leaking  from  the  automatic  sprinkler  system,  whenever  such  discharge 
or  leakage  is  occasioned  by  any  accidental  cause,  except  heat  caused 
by  fire. 

The  company's  premium  receipts  for  the  year  ending  December  81, 
1892.  amounted  to  |2,486,699.  The  total  income  for  that  period  was 
$2,548,089;  total  assets,  $2,607,677,  reinsurance  reserve.  $1,186,581. 
The  losses  for  the  year  aggregated  $1,108,965;  dividends,  $100,000,  and 
other  expenditures,  $1,208,965,  making  total  expenditures  of  $2,422,- 
864  for  the  year. 

The  directors  of  the  company  for  1892  are  Messra.  Edward  Austen, 
A.  Leo  Knott,  John  M.  Littig.  Henry  A.  Parr.  John  B.  McDonald. 
Edwin  P.  Abell.  Henry  W.  Blocum.  Arthur  B.  Graves,  Robert  Sewell, 
Henry  B.  Beecher,  and  Wm.  E.  Midgley. 

The  present  officera  of  the  company  are  Messrs.  William  E.  Midgley, 
president;  Edward  Austen,  1st  vice-president;  Robert  Sewell.  2d  vice- 
president;  John  J.  Jackson,  secretary;  George  H.  Morand,  and  John 
W.  Pulis,  assistant  secretaries.  Beecher.  Schenck  &  Companv  of  New 
York  are  the  general  managera,  and  John  M.  Crane  general  superin- 
tendent. 

American  Employers  LiabiHty  insurance  company  of  Jersey 
01  tv,  N.  J.,  was  incorporated  under  a  charter  granted  on  May  1,  1890, 
and  began  business  at  that  date.  The  charter  permits  a  business  of 
insurance  of  all  classes  connected  with  accident  risks.  Its  special 
business,  however,  is  the  indemnification  of  emi)loyers  against  loss, 
claims,  and  suits  on  account  of  liability  to  their  employes,  for  in- 
juries received  in  the  course  of  their  employment.  The  company 
undertakes  to  pay  on  account  of  an  accident  to  a  single  employe  a  sum 
not  exceeding  from  $1,500  to  $5,000,  as  fixed  by  its  policy,  and  in  case 
of  accident  to  a  number,  a  sum  of  from  $10,000  to  $20,000. 

The  cash  capital  of  the  company  is  $200,000,  and  it  has  deposited 
with  the  Secretary  of  State  of  New  Jersey  the  sum  of  $100,000.  The 
company  is  organized  and  controlled,  and  its  stock  is  held  entirely  by 
employers  of  labor.  It  issues  policies  to  contractors,  builders,  and 
othere,  protecting  them  against  losses  and  claims  by  the  public  and 
othere  not  in  the  service  of  the  insured ;  also  in  favor  of  manufacturers, 
ownera  of  tenement  and  flat  houses  against  general  public  liabilitv.  It 
issues  policies  for  the  protection  ol  owners  of  horses  and  vehicles 
against  claims  by  the  public  on  account  of  accidents.  The  policies  also 
provide  for  indemnity  against  elevator  accidents  to  peraons  and  proper- 
ty, and  give  six  inspections  annually.  They  provide  for  the  payment 
of  wages,  doctors'  bills,  funeral  expenses,  and  a  sum  to  the  representa- 
tive of  workmen  who  may  die  as  the  result  of  an  accident. 

The  officera  are  Jonathan  H.  Crane,  president;  John  J.  Tucker, 
vice-president;  James  Bowne,  treasurer;  John  Macrae,  secretary  and 


.,  Google 


24  Ambbicak  Fibb  Ihbobancb  Gompaky. 

general  manager.  The  company  does  business  throughout  the  United 
tates.  There  are  five  departments,  and  each  has  a  local  board  of 
directors.  The  assets  of  the  company,  December  31,  1892,  were  $682,- 
994.12;  reserve  and  surplus,  $295,814.89;  amount  of  business  written 
in  1892,  $180,195,000. 

American  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York  elected  William 
H.  Crolius  vice-president  in  April,  1892.  He  retained  the  secretaryship. 
The  company  was  organized  April  80,  and  began  business  May  1, 
1857.  The  premium  receipts  since  organization  aggregate  $9,986,866; 
losses  paid,  $4,538,878;  total  cash  dividends,  $1,856,000.  The  paid-up 
capital  is  $400,000.  The  original  officers  of  the  company  were  James 
M.  Halsted,  president,  and  Frederick  W.  Downer,  secretary.  Presi- 
dent Halsted  remained  at  the  head  of  the  American  until  the  date  of 
his  death,  March  21,  1888.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  present  incum- 
bent, David  Adee.  Wm.  H.  Crolius  is  the  vice-president  and  secretary. 
The  directors  are  David  Adee,  LeGrand  B.  Cannon,  Robert  W.  Rod- 
man, Thomas  S.  Young,  James  R.  Taylor,  Allan  Hay,  Jas.  H.  Froth- 
ingham,  Henry  G.  Marquand,  John  T.  Terry,  Frederick  W.  Dovnier, 
J.  Hugh  Peters,  John  F.  Praeeer,  Alexander  E.  Orr,  Franklin  Wood- 
ruff, Chas.  A.  Davison,  Osgood  Welsh,  John  Sinclair,  Wm.  H.  Crolius, 
Dumont  Clarke,  Theodore  Gilman,  and  Chas.  R.  Henderson. 

American  Fire  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia  was  incor- 
porated February  28,  and  began  business  March  12, 1810.  The  author- 
ized capital  was  $500,000.  Of  this  amount  $200,000  was  paid  in  at 
the  outset.  The  remainder  was  required  in  1827.  The  charter  was 
amended  January  28,  1812,  authorizing  perpetual  insurance,  and  the 
first  perpetual  policy  was  issued  March  10  of  that  year.  The  original 
officers  of  the  company  were  William  Jones,  president,  and  Edward 
Fox,  secretary.  In  1813  President  Jones  was  made  a  member  of  the 
Madison  cabinet,  accepting  the  appointment  of  secretary  of  the  navy, 
and  was  succeeded  as  president  of  the  company  by  Guy  Bryan.  Sec- 
retary Fox,  whose  management  was  characterized  by  great  personal 
energy  and  success,  died  in  1822,  and  ex-President  Jones  resumed  con- 
nection with  the  company  as  his  successor.  Joseph  Reed  was  presi- 
dent and  Job  Bacon  secretary  In  1827,  when  the  stock  subscriptions 
were  called.  At  the  beginning  the  American  Fire  established  agencies 
in  all  of  the  large  towns  and  cities  in  Pennsylvania  and  received  risks 
from  outside  states  by  means  of  correspondence.  The  American  Fire 
was  involved  in  most  of  the  extensive  conflagrations  that  occurred  in 
the  country  during  the  first  forty  years  of  its  history,  the  principal 
losses  being  at  Philadelphia,  May  22,  1886,  $42,021,  and  October  4, 
1889,  $72,470;  Pittsburgh,  April  10,  1845,  $88,000,  and  St.  Louis,  May 
17,  1849,  $100,000.  In  the  New  York  conflagration  of  July  19,  1845. 
the  company  lost  $30,000.  In  all  of  these  instances  its  losses  were 
promptly  paid,  ensuring  the  American  Fire  a  conspicuous  and  honor- 
able reputation  as  an  insurance  organization. 

By  an  act  approved  February  16, 1847,  the  capital  stock  was  reduced 
to  $277,500.  April  14, 1863,  an  act  was  adopted  authorizing  an  increase 
to  $400,000,  with  power  to  make  the  amount  $500,000.  These  figures 
were  reached  in  1886.  The  American  Fire  was  admitted  to  New  York 
in  1854,  reporting  under  the  laws  of  the  state  to  the  insurance  depart- 


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Anti-Goiipaot  Laws.  25 

ment  for  the  first  time  that  year.  Prior  to  that,  however,  it  had  regu- 
larly transacted  business  in  the  state  for  a  considerable  period.  The 
officers  at  the  time  mentioned  were  Samuel  C.  Morton,  president,  and 
Joseph  G.  Mitchell,  secretary.  In  1855  Thomas  R.  Maris  became  sec- 
retary, and  was  made  president  January  11,  18G0,  succeeding  Qeorge 
Abbott,  who  was  President  Morton's  successor  in  1857.  At  the  time 
President  Maris  assumed  the  management  the  company's  assets  amount- 
ed to  $659,325;  when  he  resigned,  April  23, 1882,  thev  were  $1,620,807. 
In  April,  1882,  Thomas  H.  Montgomery  was  elected  president  of  the 
American  Fire  and  has  since  held  the  position.  Albert  C.  L.  Crawford 
was  elected  secretary  in  1860,  and  retained  the  place  until  the  time  of 
his  death,  July  8,  1886.  He  was  succeeded  by  Richard  Maris,  the 
present  incumbent  of  the  office.  Charles  P.  Perot  is  the  vice-president 
of  the  company.  The  directors  are  Messrs.  Thomas  H.  Montgomery, 
Israel  Morris,  Pemberton  8.  Hutchinson,  Alexander  Biddle,  Charles  P. 
Perot,  Joseph  £.  Oillingham,  Charles  8.  Whelen,  Edward  F.  Beale; 
Jr.,  John  S.  Gerhard.  The  total  assets  of  the  American  Fire,  Decem- 
ber 81,  1892,  amounted  to  $8,188,302,  the  net  surplus  being  $141,429. 
The  income  during  the  year  was  $2,668,874,  the  cash  premiums  aggre- 
gating $2,468,085.  The  losses  amounted  to  $1,685,029,  the  total  ex- 
penditures being  $2,611,452.  The  total  premiums  received  since  the 
oriranization  of  the  company  amount  to  $24,870,766;  total  losses  paid, 
$14,221,904;  total  cash  dividends,  $2,620,976.  The  total  amount  of 
risks  in  force  December  31,  1892,  excluding  perpetuals,  $277,801,861. 
The  total  of  perpetuals  was  $22,576,400. 

Ameriean  Life  Insurance  Companies,  Foreign  Business  of. 

[See  Foreign  Business.] 

Ameriean  Life  of  Philadelphia  Receivership.  The  report  of 
Edgar  L.  King  and  William  E.  Mevers,  the  auditors  apoointed  to  dis- 
tribute the  funds  in  the  hands  of  the  Real  Estate  Title  Insurance  and 
Trust  Company  of  Philadelphia,  receiver  of  the  American  Life  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Philadelphia,  was  filed  May  4,  1898.  The  report 
showed  that  there  were  7,366  claims  passed  upon.  The  total  amount 
of  the  fund  for  distribution,  according  to  the  account  of  the  receiver, 
was  $807,884.05,  the  cost  of  the  audit  and  court  cost  reduced  this  fund 
to  $295,897.68,  which  was  the  amount  for  distribution.  The  total  val- 
uation of  claims  allowed  the  policy-holders  and  others  was  $1,298,824.- 
36,  and  from  the  fund  now  bein^  distributed  there  will  be  paid  a  divi- 
dend of  22.89  per  cent.  There  will  be  another  distribution  arising  from 
the  realization  of  assets  since  the  filing  of  the  first  account  by  the  re- 
ceiver, which  will  make  the  total  about  30  per  cent. 

Annual  Statements,  Limit  for  Filing.  [See  Statements, 
Annual.] 

Anti-Compact  liaws.  Legislation  forbidding  fire  insurance  com- 
panies or  agents  to  combine  in  compacts  or  boards  of  underwriters,  for 
the  purpose  of  fixing,  maintaining,  and  controlling  rates  of  insurance 
upon  property,  were  introduced  in  the  Iiginlntures  of  Alabama,  Cali- 
fornia, Cunneclicut,  Indiana,  Missouri,  and  New  York  in  1891,  in  those 
of  Iowa  and  Muryland  in  1892,  and  in  those  of  Alabama,  California, 
l^orth  Carolina,  Washington,  and  Wisconsin  in  1898.    In  all  of  these 

.,y.  zed  by  Google 


96  Ann-CoMFAOT  Laws. 

l^gtolatures  the  bill  failed  to  become  a  law,  either  through  the  adrerse 
action  of  a  committee  or  the  direct  vote  of  one  of  the  houses.  In  the 
Georgia  legislature  an  anti  compact  bill,  which  had  laid  over  from 
a  previous  session,  was  taken  up  in  the  adjourned  session  in  1891  and 
passed.  The  text  will  be  found  further  on  in  this  article.  In 
the  adjourned  session  of  the  Ohio  legislature  of  1891,  a  bill  modifying 
the  anti-compact  act  of  1886  was  passed.  The  text  of  the  act,  aa 
amended,  is  printed  hereafter.  An  anti  trust  law  passed  by  the  Texas 
legislature  in  1889.  and  resisted  by  the  insurance  companies,  was 
declared  applicable  to  them  bv  the  supreme  court  of  the  state.  A 
law  almost  similar  to  that  of  New  Hampshire  was  passed  by  the 
Maine  legislature  in  1898.  The  above  summary  covers  all  the  anti- 
compact  legislation  of  1892-8  to  date  of  publication. 

The  anti-compact  idea  appears  to  have  had  its  birth  in  the  Michigan 
legislature,  in  its  session  of  1888.  It  was  said  that  certain  large  furni- 
ture manufacturing  firms  at  Grand  Rapids  were  behind  the  bill  to  pro- 
hibit local  boards,  mstigated  by  a  desire  to  be  revenged  on  their  own 
local  board  for  advancing  rates  on  a  number  of  special  hazards  in 
Grand  Rapids.  The  bill,  which  was  made  to  appl  v  only  to  companies 
of  other  states  and  countries,  was  presented  by  Mr.  Fletcher  of  that 
city,  passed  by  the  house  by  a  large  majority,  and  was  defeated  in  the 
senate  near  the  close  of  the  session.  It  was  re-introduced  by  the  same 
legislator  in  the  session  of  1885,  but  it  failed  this  time  in  the  house. 
In  the  third  onset,  in  the  session  of  1887,  under  the  auspices  of  Mr. 
Cole,  it  passed  both  houses  by  a  large  majority  and  received  the 
executive  approval.  In  endeavoring  to  enforce  the  law  the  insurance 
commissioner  came  in  collision  with  the  companies,  which  protested 
that  it  was  unconstitutional,  and,  pending  a  decision  of  the  supreme 
court,  established  an  "inspection  and  rating  bureau"  under  Mr. 
David  Beveridge  with  headquarters  at  Detroit.  This  the  state  at- 
torney-general declared  to  be  an  evasion  of  the  law,  and  the  supreme 
court  soon  after  pronounced  the  law  constitutional. 

But,  two  years  before  this  struggle  for  an  anti-compact  law  had 
culminated  in  Michigan,  another  state  had  caught  up  the  idea  and 
embodied  it  in  law.  It  was  Ohio,  which,  in  1885,  injected  an  anti- 
compact  provision  into  the  section  of  the  Revised  Statutes  which  pro- 
hibited the  removid  of  insurance  suits  from  state  to  federal  courts. 
Ohio  thus  secured  the  eminence  of  being  the  first  state  to  adopt  an 
anti-compact  law.  The  bill  was  introduced  into  many  legislatures  in 
1886,  but  with  success  in  only  one  instance.  Following  Ohio,  later  in 
the  year,  New  Hampshire  passed  the  famous  valued-policy-anti-com- 
pact law,  which  drove  all  the  agency  companies  of  other  states  and 
countries  from  the  state.  Though  the  bill  appeared  in  a  number  of 
legislatures  in  the  three  following  years,  it  was  passed  only  in 
Michigan.  It  was  not  until  1889  that  anti-compact  lenslation  was 
again  successful.  In  one  form  and  another  four  states,  Kansas,  Mis- 
souri, Nebraska,  and  Texas  (in  the  latter  by  implication)  passed  anti- 
compact  or  anti-trust  laws  in  which  fire  insurance  was  covered.  The 
Missouri  law  was  declared  unconstitutional.  The  Maine  anti  compact 
law  was  passed  in  1898.  There  are,  therefore,  laws  now  in  force  in 
seven  states  (including  Georgia)  prohibiting  fire  insurance  companies  or 


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AiVTi-CoicPACT  Laws.  27 

^i;ent8  to  unite  for  the  purpose  of  controlliug  the  rates  of  iDSurance. 
The  following  is  the  text  of  these  laws  : 

Ohio  {adopted  in  1886;  Section  $659  Revised  Statutee  a$  imended  in 
1891): 

If  any  such  company,  association,  or  partnership,  doing  bnsiness  within  this  state, 
make  an  application  for  a  change  of  venue  or  to  remove  anv  suit  or  action  wh^ein 
such  company  has  been  sned  by  a  citizen  of  this  state  now  pending,  or  hereafter  com- 
menced in  any  court  of  this  state,  to  the  United  States  district  or  circnit  court,  or  to 
any  federal  court,  or  shall  enter  into  any  compact  or  combination  with  other  insurance 
companies,  or  shall  require  their  agents  to  enter  into  any  compact  or  combination 
with  other  insurance  agents  or  companies,  for  the  purpose  of  governing  or  controlling 
the  rates  chaiged  for  Ire  insurance  on  any  property  within  tne  state  (provided  that 
nothing  herein  shall  prohibit  one  or  more  of  such  companies  from  employing  a  com- 
mon agent  or  agents  to  supervise  and  advise  of  defective  structures,  suggest  miprove- 
ments  to  lessen  the  lire  hazard,  and  to  advise  as  to  the  relative  value  of  risks),  the 
sunerintendent  of  Insurance  shall  forthwith  revoke  and  recall  the  license  or  authority 
to  It  to  do  or  transact  business  within  this  state,  and  no  renewal  of  authority  shall  be 
sranted  to  it  for  three  years  after  such  revocation ;  and  it  shall  thereafter  be  prohibited 
from  transacting  any  business  in  this  state  until  again  duly  licensed  and  authorized. 

New  Hahpshirb  (Laws  of  1885,  Chapter  89): 

SicTioN  1.  Should  anv  insurance  company  not  organized  under  the  laws  but  doing 
an  insurance  bnsiness  within  this  state,  make  an  application  to  remove  any  suit  or 
action,  to  which  it  Is  a  party,  heretofore  or  hereafter  commenced  in  any  court  of  this 
state,  to  the  United  States  district  or  circuit  court,  or  shall  enter  into  any  compact  or 
combination  with  other  insurance  companies  for  the  purpose  of  governing  or  controll- 
ing the  rates  charged  for  fire  insurance  on  any  property  within  this  state,  the  insur- 
ance commissioner  shall  forthwith  revoke  the  license  or  authoritv  of  said  company  to 
transact  business,  and  no  renewal  of  said  license  or  autliority  snail  be  granted  for  ttie 
period  of  three  years  from  the  date  of  such  revocation. 

Michigan  (Public  Acts  of  1887,  Act  No.  286):     ' 

Section  1.  The  people  of  the  state  of  Michigan  vnact,  Ttiat  no  fire,  fire  and  ma- 
rine, or  marine  and  inland  insurance  company  or  association  not  organized  under  the 
laws  of  this  state  shall  be  pennittcd  to  do  business  therein  under  the  provisions  of  an 
act  entitled  "  An  act  relative  to  the  organization  and  powers  of  fire  and  marine  insur- 
ance companies  transacting  business  in  this  state,''  approved  April  8,  1869,  until  in 
addition  to  complying  with  the  provisions  of  said  act  it  has  filed  with  the  commissioner 
of  insurance  an  undertaking  duly  executed  and  authenticated  by  the  company,  in  such 
form  as  the  commissioner  of  insurance  shall  from  time  to  time  prescribe,  tnatlt  will  not, 
directly  or  indirectly,  enter  Into  any  compact,  agreement,  arrangement,  or  undertaking 
of  any  nature  or  kind  whatever  with  any  other  comimny,  companies,  association,  or  as- 
sociations, the  object  or  effect  of  which  is  to  prevent  open  and  free  competition  between 
it  and  said  company,  companies,  association,  or  associations,  or  the  agents  of  their 
respective  compaiaies  or  associations  in  the  business  transacted  in  this  state  or  in  any 
part  thereof. 

Section  2  prescribes  that  no  company  of  the  kind  above  described 
shall  enter  into  the  compact  or  agreement  forbidden.  Section  8  makes 
the  prohibition  apply  to  the  agents  of  such  companies.  Section  4  for- 
bids agents  and  brokers  to  solicit  for  companies  violating  the  law. 
Section  6  declares  that  a  person  violating  the  law  shall  oe  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  $50,  nor 
more  than  $100,  in  default  of  which  he  shall  be  imprisoned  in  the 
county  Jail  not  less  than  three  months.  Section  6  makes  it  the  duty  of 
the  insurance  commissioner  to  furnish  a  blank  form  to  companies  to 
complete  the  undertaking  required  by  Section  1,  and  in  case  of  failure 
therein  by  a  company  for  thirty  days  after  the  mailing  of  said  blank 
be  must  revoke  its  certificate  of  authority  to  do  business,  and  cause 
the  notification  thereof  to  be  published  in  some  paper  of  general  circu- 
lation in  the  state  for  four  weeks.  Section  7  makes  it  the  duty  of  the 
<U)mmis8ioner  to  investigate  all  compUints  of  violation  of  the  law. 


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38  Ann-CoicPACT  Laws. 

Section  8  forbids  any  penon  to  act  as  agent  for  a  companv  after  its 
certificate  of  authority  has  been  revoked,  under  a  penalty  of  not  less 
than  $50»  nor  more  than  $100,  in  default  of  the  payment  of  which  he 
shall  be  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  not  exceeding  ninety  days. 

Kansas  (Adopted  in  1889): 

Sbction  1.  That  all  airangementB,  contracts,  agrecmente,  trusts,  or  comblnatlouB, 
between  persons  or  corporations,  made  with  a  view,  or  which  tend  to  prevent  full  and 
free  competition  in  the  importation,  transporution,  or  sale  of  articles  imported  into 
this  state,  or  in  the  product,  manufacture,  or  sale  of  articles  of  domestic  growth  or 
product,  or  domestic  raw  nuiterlal,  or  for  the  loan  or  uae  of  money,  or  to  fix  attomeya' 
or  doctors'  fees,  and  all  arranfi;cmentB.  contracts,  a^reementa,  trusts,  or  combinations, 
between  persons  or  corporations,  designed  or  which  tend  to  advance,  reduce,  or  con- 
trol the  price  or  the  cost  to  the  producer,  or  to  the  consumer,  of  any  such  products  or 
articles,  or  to  control  the  cost  or  rate  of  insurance,  or  which  tend  to  advance  or  control 
the  rate  of  interest  for  the  loan  or  use  of  money  to  the  borrower,  or  any  other  eervicea, 
are  hereby  declared  to  be  against  public  policy,  nnUwf  ol,  and  void. 

The  remaining  sections  prescribe  the  penalty  for  violation  of  the 
law,  and  the  legal  proceedings  in  connection  therewith.  Any  person 
entering  into  the  trust  or  combination  forbidden  shall  be  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  subject  to  a  one  of  not 
less  than  $100  nor  more  than  $1,000,  and  to  imprisonment  not  less 
than  thirtv  days  nor  more  than  six  months,  either  or  both,  in  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  court.  The  punishment  of  public  officers  failing  to 
prosecute  violators  of  the  law  is  provided  for. 

Nbbkaska  (Adopted  in  1889): 

Section  8.  Pooling  between  persons,  partnershipc*.  companies,  associations,  or 
cor]iorations,  enlaced  in  the  same  or  like  busmess  for  any  purpose  whatever,  and  the 
formation  of  combinations  or  common  understanding  between  two  or  more  persons, 
comuanios,  partnerships,  associations,  or  corporations,  in  the  nature  of  what  are  com- 
monly callea  tru*«tH  for  any  purpose  whatever  or  the  continuance  of  the  same  after  the 
taking  effect  of  UiIm  act,  are  bcn*by  prohibiti'd  and  declared  to  be  unlawful,  and  each 
day  of  the  continuance  or  any  such  pool  or  trustM  shall  constitute  a  si<parate  offense. 

A  violation  of  the  law  is  declared  to  be  a  misdemeanor,  and  a  per- 
son or  company  convicted  under  it  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $1,000, 
or  imprisoned  m  the  county  jail  not  exceeding  six  months,  or  both,  in 
the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Georgia  (Approved  October  21,  1891): 

SicTioN  1.  From  and  after  the  pat^sage  of  this  act  it  nhall  be  unlawful  for  any 
insurance  company  or  companies  authorii^  to  do  business  in  this  state,  or  the  agent  or 
agents  thereof,  to  make,  maintain,  or  enter  into  any  contract,  a^^reenient^  pool,  or  other 
arrangement,  with  any  other  insurance  company  or  companies  licensed  to  ao  business  in 
this  staU:,  or  the  agent  or  agents  thereof,  for  the  pun)ose  thereof,  or  that  may  have  the 
tendency  or  effect  of  preventing  or  lessoning  comiNUitiim  in  the  business  of  insurance 
transacted  In  this  state,  and  when  it  shall  Ix;  made  to  appear  to  the  commissioner 
of  insurance  that  any  company  or  companies,  agent  or  agents,  have  entered  into  any 
such  contract,  agreement,  pool,  or  other  arrangement,  thereupon  said  commissioner 
shall  revoke  the  license  issued  t4>  such  companv  or  companies,  and  the  same  shall  not 
be  re-issued  until  the  president  or  chief  officer  of  such  company  or  companies  shall  file 
an  affidavit  with  said  commissioner,  stating  that  all  such  contracts,  agreements,  pools, 
or  other  arrangements  have  been  annulled  and  made  void  ;  provided ^  that  nothing  in 
this  act  shall  be  so  constnied  as  to  prevent  any  insurance  comiumy  legally  authorized  to 
transact  business  in  this  state,  from  separately  surveying.  int4])ecling,  or  examining  the 
premises  to  be  insured,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  owner,  for  the  purpose  of  bring- 
ing about  improvements  In  fire  protection  so  as  to  lessen  the  cost  of  insurance  by 
reducing  rates. 

Sec  2.  Any  citizen  of  this  state  whose  rates  of  insurance  have  been  increased,  or 
who  has  been  refused  insurance  at  reationable  rates,  shall  have  the  right  to  file  a  written 
complaint  under  oath,  to  the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief,  with  the  insurance  com- 
missioner, cliarging  any  company  or  companies  authorised  to  do  business  in  this  state. 


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Anti-Ooiipaot  Laws.  1^ 

with  a  violation  of  the  preceding  section  of  this  act,  and  that  thercnpon  it  shall  be  the 
daty  of  said  iiu>arance  comraii4i4{oner  to  issue  a  citation  addressed  to  the  company 
or  companies  acainst  whom  said  complaint  is  made,  requiring  it  or  them  to  be  and  ap- 
pear before  said  insm>ance  commissioner  at  a  specified  time  and  place  to  be  fixed 
by  said  insurance  commissioner,  not  leas  than  twenty  or  more  than  forty  days  from  the 
date  of  the  filing  of  soch  complaint,  and  show  cause  why  its  or  their  license  or  licenses 
should  not  be  revoked  as  provided  by  the  first  section  hereof.  And  it  Is  further 
provided  that  said  citation  shall  be  served  not  less  than  ten  davs  from  the  date  of  filing 
said  complaint  bv  the  sheriffs  or  constables  of  said  state  m  the  same  manner  as 
provided  by  law  for  the  service  of  process  upon  insurance  companies. 

Sbc.  8.  For  the  purposes  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  insurance  commissioner 
shall  have  power  to  administer  oaths,  issue  subpoenas  for  witnesses,  hear  testimony, 
issue  commlflsions  for  taking  testimony  by  interrogatories,  and  the  partv  or  parties 
complaining,  and  the  company  or  companies  defending,  shall  have  the  r^ht  to  serve 
notice  for  the  production  of  books  and  papers ;  all  to  be  done  under  the  same  rules  aa 
now  provided  by  law  for  civil  actions  in  the  supreme  oonrts.  The  conntv  in  which  the 
insurance  commissioner  shall  fix  the  hearing  shall  be  as  to  this  act,  tne  loH  forum 
of  said  hearing  or  trial.  The  costs  and  fees  ror  the  sheriff  or  constable,  witnesses  and 
the  commissioner's  taking  interrogatories  shall  be  the  same  as  now  provided  by  law 
for  similar  service  in  the  superior  courts  of  this  state,  the  same  to  be  taxed  against,  and 
paid  by,  the  partv  or  parties  cast  In  'said  suit,  and  against  whom  said  insurance 
commissioner  shall  find:  for  which  costs  said  insurance  commissioner  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  issue  execution  —  the  same  to  be  levied  and  collected  as  executions  from  the 
courts  of  thia  state. 

The  Texas  anti-trust  law  of  1889,  the  application  of  which  to  insur- 
ance companies  was  disputed  by  them,  but  affirmed  by  the  supreme 
court,  is  as  follows: 

An  Act  to  define  tmsts,  and  to  provide  for  penalties  and  pnnishmcnt  of  corporations, 
persons,  firms,  and  associations  of  persons  connected  with  them,  and  to  promote 
free  competition  in  the  state  of  Texas. 

Sbction  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  legislature  of  the  state  of  Texas:  That  a  trust  is  a 
combination  of  capital,  skill,  or  acts  by  two  or  more  persons,  firms,  corporations,  or 
amociations  of  persons,  or  of  cither  two  or  more  of  them  for  either,  any,  or  all  of  the 
following  purposes:  First  —  To  create  or  carry  out  restrictionn  in  trade.  Strand  —  To 
limit  or  reduce  the  production,  or  increase  or  reduce  the  price  of  merchandise  or  com- 
nooditiefl.  Third  — To  prevent  competition  in  manufacture,  making,  transportation. 
Bale,  or  purchase  of  merchandise,  produce,  or  commodities.  Jtburlh  — To  fix  at  any 
Btandard  or  figure  whereby  its  price  to  the  public  shall  be  in  any  manner  controlled  or 
establioht'd,  any  article  or  commodity  of  merchandise,  prodiu^,  or  commerce  intended 
for  sale,  use,  or  comsumption  in  this  state.  Fifth— To  make  or  cnUT  into,  or  execute 
or  carry  out  any  contract,  obligation,  or  agreement  of  any  kind  or  description  by  which 
they  shall  bind  or  have  bound  themselves  not  to  sell,  dispose  of,  or  transport  any  article 
or  commodity,  or  article  of  trade,  use,  merchandise,  commerce,  or  consumption  l)elow 
a  common  standard  figure,  or  by  which  they  shall  agree  in  any  manner  to  keep  the  price 
of  such  article,  commodity,  or  transportation  at  a  fixed  or  graduated  figure,  or  by  which 
they  shall  in  any  manner  establish  or  settle  the  price  of  any  article  or  commodity  or 
transportation  bietween  them  or  themselves  and  others  to  preclude  a  free  and  unre- 
stricted competition  among  themselves  or  others  in  the  sale  or  transportation  of 
any  such  article  or  commodity,  or  by  which  thcv  shall  agree  to  pool,  combine,  or  unite 
any  interest  they  may  have  in  connection  with  the  sale  or  transportation  of  any 
snch  article  or  commoulty  that  its  price  might  in  any  manner  be  affected. 

Any  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  is  declared  a  conspiracy 
against  trade.  Every  foreign  corporation  guilty  of  violating  its  pro- 
visions is  prohibited  from  doing  any  business  in  the  state,  and  any  per- 
son convicted  of  violating  the  law  shall  be  punished  by  fine  not  less 
than  $50  nor  more  than  $5,000,  and  by  imprisonment  in  the  peniten- 
tiary not  less  than  one  nor  more  than  ten  years,  or  bv  either  such  fine 
or  imprisonment.  Each  day  during  a  violation  of  this  provision  shall 
constitute  a  separate  offense.  Any  contract  or  agreement  in  violation 
of  the  provision  of  this  act  shall  be  absolutely  void  and  not  enforce- 
able either  in  law  or  equity.  Persons  out  of  the  state  may  commit  and 
be  liable  to  indictment  and  conviction  for  committing  any  of  the 


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30  Anti  RsBATB  Laws. 

offenses  enumerated  in  this  act,  which  do  not  in  their  commission 
necessarily  require  a  personal  presence  in  this  state. 

Maikb  (Adopted  in  1893).  Additional  to  Chapter  49  of  the  Revised 
Statutes. 

Should  any  inBurance  company,  not  organized  nndor  the  laws  of  Maine,  but  doing 
an  insurance  buaincvs  witliin  mis  state,  or  its  repreeientatives  residing  out  of  the  state, 
malce  an  application  to  remove  any  suit  or  action  to  which  it  is  a  party,  heretofore 
or  hereafter  commimced  in  any  court  of  this  state,  to  the  United  States  district  or 
circuit  court,  or  sliall  enter  into  any  compact  or  combination  with  other  iiuurance  com- 
panies or  agents  for  the  purpose  of  governing  or  of  controlling  the  rates  charged 
for  lire  insurance  on  any  property  within  this  state,  the  insurance  commissioner  shall 
forthwith  revoke  the  license  or  authority  of  said  comiiany  to  transact  business,  and  no 
renewal  of  said  license  or  authority  shall  be  granted  for  the  period  of  Uiree  years  from 
the  date  of  such  revocaUon. 

Anti-Bebate  Laws.  Bills  prohibiting  the  giving  of  rebate  of  pre- 
miums to  the  insure  by  life  insurance  companies  or  their  agents, 
appeared  in  the  legislatures  of  Kentucky  and  New  Jersey  in  1892,  and 
in  the  legislatures  of  Indiana.  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  and 
New  Jersey  in  1898  (to  June  1).  Only  the  Kentucky  bill,  which  was 
made  a  section  of  the  general  revenue  bill,  became  a  law  (during  the 
hold  over  session  of  1898).  The  measure  failed  in  the  other  states 
named. 

In  the  1892  session  of  the  New  York  legislature,  the  anti-rebate  act 
of  1889  was  embodied  in  the  new  insurance  code  which  passed,  but 
with  some  verbal  changes.  Also  in  the  1892  session  of  the  Maryland 
legislature,  the  anti-rebate  act  of  1890  was  amended  by  providing  that 
informers  shall  receive  one  half  of  the  penalty  inflicted  on  violators  of 
the  law.  [As  to  a  decision  of  a  Baltimore  court  declaring  this  law 
unconstitutional,  see  ''Legal  Decisions  Affecting  the  Law,''  fur- 
ther on.] 

In  the  1898  session  of  the  Ohio  legislature,  the  anti-rebate  law  was 
modified  in  several  particulars:  the  word  "  willfullv "  in  the  second 
section,  which  reads  **  every  corporation  which  willfullv  violates  any 
of  the  provisions  of  this  law,  etc.,"  was  stricken  out  and  the  third  and 
fourth  sections  prescribing  penalties  for  the  violation  of  the  law  were 
changed.  The  law  as  amended  is  printed  under  the  caption  of  Ohio 
on  a  following  page. 

The  Louisiana  insurance  department,  in  October,  1892,  by  W.  B. 
Spencer,  assistant  secretary  of  state,  issued  a  circular  calling  attention 
to  an  act  passed  by  the  legislature  of  Louisiana  in  1886.  forbidding  the 
giving  of  rebates  in  insurance  bv  the  insuriaig  party  to  the  insured, 
under  heavy  penalties,  and  notifying  all  concerned  that  the  act  applied 
to  life  as  well  as  other  kinds  of  insurance.    Mr.  Spencer  said  : 

Despite  the  E^eneral  terms  of  the  act,  there  seems  to  be  an  impression  in  the  minds 
of  some  that  it  does  not  and  was  not  intended  to  anply  to  life  insurance  companies,  and 
It  is  stated,  in  support  of  this  view,  that  such  was  tne  former  construction  of  the  law  by 
this  department.  The  conetruction  placed  upon  it  by  the  attorney -general  is  to  the  effect 
that  it  applies  to  all  branches  of  insurance,  and  admits  of  no  exceptions.  In  view  of 
this  somewhat  general  misapprehension  of  the  import  of  the  law,  under  which  many 
agents  no  doubt  have  acted,  and  are  acting  innocently,  and  on  account  of  the  numerous 
complaints  made  to  me  of  its  violation,  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
general  agents  of  all  life  insurance  companies  to  the  present  construction  put  upon  the 
law,  and  to  the  fact  that  from  this  date  the  law  will  be  enforced  against  all  parties  vio- 
lating same. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Association  of  Life  Under- 
writers, held  in  New  York  city  in  September,  1892,  a  memorial  was 


AnTi-RsBATB  Laws.  81 

adopted,  to  be  addressed  to  the  companies,  asking  them  to  discharge 
agents  found  guilty  of  giving  rebates  to  the  insured.  [See  National 
Association  of  Life  Underwriters.] 

For  letters  on  the  subject  of  rebates  by  officers  of  prominent  insur- 
ance companies,  written  in  1892,  see  "  Qreene,  Jacob  L."and'*Mc- 
Curdy,  Richard  A." 

The  Michigan  Life  Insurance  Agents'  Association  in  October,  1892, 
addressed  a  letter  to  each  life  insurance  company,  asking  for  its  co- 
operation in  enforcing  the  Michigan  law  afi;ainst  rebating,  and  request- 
ing a  response.  The  association  receiyedf  replies  from  eighteen  com- 
pany officials  as  follows  : 

President  Pattison  of  the  Union  Central;  President  Edf^erly  of  the  Massachusetts 
Mntoal;  President  Bullock  of  the  State  Mutual  of  Massachusetts;  Vice-President  Qran- 
nis  of  the  Mutual  of  New  York  ;  Vice-President  Haxtnn  of  the  Washington;  President 
Batterson  of  the  Travelers;  President  Greene  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual;  President 
Bossell  of  the  Connecticut  General;  Vice-President  Halsey  of  the  Manhattan;  Manager 
Lunger  of  the  Prudential;  Manager  Day  of  the  Equitable:  President  Moore  of  the  Pacific 
Mutual;  Secretary  Hull  of  the  Berkshire;  President  De Witt  of  the  Union  Mutual;  Super- 
intendent Martin  of  the  Equitable  of  Iowa;  Manager  Oliver  of  the  Imperial;  President 
Kamsay  of  the  Canada  Life;  and  President  Rhodes  of  the  John  Hancock  Mutual. 

These  officials  without  exception,  though  with  varying  degrees  of 
enthusiasm,  promised  their  co-operation  against  rebating.  No  reply 
was  received  from  the  New  York  lAte,  Vice-President  Orannins 
responded  for  the  Mutual,  and  the^  president  of  the  Equitable  Life 
tamed  his  letter  over  to  its  Michigan  manager. 

mSTOBY  OF  ANTI-RBSBATB  LBGIBLATION. 

The  first  anti-rebate  law  applying  specifically  to  the  business  of  life 
insurance,  was  enacted  by  Massachusetts  in  1887.  The  previous  year, 
it  is  true,  Louisiana  passed  a  law  prohibiting  the  allowance  of  rebates 
in  insurance,  but  no  class  of  insurance  was  named  in  the  act,  it  was 
supposed  to  refer  to  fire  insurance,  and  it  was  not  until  later  that  an 
opmion  was  given  by  the  attorney-general  of  the  state  that  its  provi- 
sions were  applicable  to  the  practice  of  life  insurance. 

The  Massachusetts  law  has  served  as  a  model  for  the  anti-rebate 
laws  of  most  of  the  states  enacting  them,  in  some  cases  being  copied 
almost  literally,  and  in  others  being  followed  closely  in  substance. 
The  following  is  a  synopsis  of  anti-rebate  legislation  from  its  begin- 
ning in  1886. 

Louisiana.  The  Louisiana  law  is  Act  86  of  the  Acts  of  1886,  and 
is  as  follows : 

Section  1.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  insurance  company,  conductinfc  or  doing 
bosiness  in  this  state,  whether  same  be  domiciled  in  this  state,  or  doing  business  through 
an  agent,  to  allow  any  rebate  on  any  policy  effected  In  their  respective  companies,  but  it 
shallbe  their  duty  to  make  their  net  premiums,  and  such  net  premium  shall  appear  in 
the  body,  and  be  embraced  in  said  policy,  and  no  rebate  nor  allowance  shall  be  made 
cither  by  endorsement  on  i»aid  policy  or  otherwise;  nor  shall  it  be  lawful  to  give  any 
rebate  on  open  policies  effected  in  any  insurance  company  doing  business  in  tQs  state, 
either,  in  money,  or  in  insurance  scrip,  or  otherwise. 

Sko.  S.  Any  insurance  company  violating  the  provisions  of  this  act,  they  shall  for- 
feit their  charter,  and  not  be  allowed  to  do  or  carry  on  any  business  in  this  state,  either 
by  them  or  their  agents,  and  shall  be  liable  to  any  person  or  persons  who  shall  suffer 
thereby,  to  refund  double  the  amount  of  such  rebate,  and  all  damages,  such  as  attorney's 
fees,  or  otherwise  caused  thereby,  in  case  of  suit. 

MASfiAGHUSBTTS.  The  Massachusetts  law  is  Section  68  of  the 
codified  insurance  laws  of  1887,  and  is  as  follows  : 


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d3  Anti-Rbbatb  Lawb. 

Bbction  08,  of  **An  Act  to  amend  and  codify  the  ntatntes  relating  to  inBaranc<>/'  No 
life  insurance  company  doing  biiKinrttM  in  MfuiHarhuH4>titj  phall  mako  or  permit  any  dis- 
tinction or  dirn'rimlnation  in  favor  of  individnalH,  Ix'twoen  int>urant«  of  the  same  class 
and  equal  expectation  of  life,  in  the  amount  or  payment  of  premiums  or  rat«s  charj^ 
for  policies  of  life  or  endowment  insurance  or  in  the  dividends  or  other  beneflt«  pay- 
able thereon,  or  in  any  othor  of  ilie  tt-rms  and  con(iitloim  of  the  contracts  it  malces; 
nor  shall  any  such  company  or  any  aueiit  thereof  make  any  contract  of  insurance  or 
agreement  as  to  such  contract  otiier  than  as  plainly  exprt^Hmnl  in  the  policy  isHued 
thereon;  nor  shall  any  such  company  or  agent  pay  or  allow  or  offer  to  pay  or  allow  as 
inducement  to  insurance  any  relmte*  of  premium  payal)le  on  the  jKilicy  or  any  special 
favor  or  advantage  in  the  dividend:*  or  other  benefits  to  accrue  thereon,  or  any  vainable 
consideration  or  Inducement  whatever,  not  specified  in  the  jwlicy  contract  of  insarance. 

Vermont.  Vermont  passed  the  law  in  1888,  aftixing  as  a  penalty 
for  its  violation  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $50(). 

Ohio.  The  Ohio  law  follows  that  of  Massachusetts  with  the  fol- 
lowing additional  sections:  [as  amended  in  1898.] 

Skction  %  Every  corporation  or  officer  or  agent  thereof  who  shall  violate  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  siiall  l)c  lined  in  any  sum  not  exceeding  JfifM),  to  be  recovered 
by  action  in  the  name  of  the  state,  and  on  collection  paid  into  the  county  treaj«ury  for 
the  btniefit  of  the  common  school  fund. 

8kc.  8.  Every  officer  or  agent  of  any  such  cori)oration  who  shall  violate  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  dit'tned  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  upon  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisoned  in 
the  jail  of  the  county  not  exceedinjf  thirty  days,  or  l)oth,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court, 
and  shall  pay  the  costs  of  prosecution. 

8bc.  4.  It  sliall  be  the  duty  of  the  superintendent  of  insurance,  npon  being  satisfied 
that  any  such  corporation,  or  anv  agent  thereof,  htis  violated  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  to  revoke  the  license  of  the  compiftiy,  or  agent,  so  offending,  and  no  license  shall 
be  granted  to  such  company,  or  agent,  for  one  year  after  such  ri'vcxuition. 

Colorado.  The  Colorado  law  also  is  the  same  as  the  Massa- 
chusetts law,  with  an  additional  section  as  follows: 

The  penalty  for  violating  this  section  shall  l>e  a  fine  of  $250;  and  the  snperlntendent 
of  insurance  shall  revoke  the  certificate  of  authority  of  anv  agent  conyicted  of  a  viola- 
tion of  this  act,  and  shall  not  grant  the  agent  so  convicted  a  license  as  agent  for  the 
term  of  three  years  thereafter. 

Michigan.  Michigan  copies  the  Massachusetts  law,  with  the  fol- 
lowing addition  : 

Any  company  which  shall  violate  an^  of  the  provisions  of  this  section  sliall  forfeit  to 
the  state  the  sum  of  $500  for  ca<'h  violation,  to  Im'  rt^eovoreti  by  the  attorney-general  by 
appropriate  action  in  the  court  of  compeifnt  jnriwliciion,  and  any  judgmVnt  therefor 
may  be  collected  in  the  same  manner  as  is  herein  provided  for  collecting  judgments 
rendered  in  favor  of  policy-holders,  and  any  officer  or  agent  who  shall  violate  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  Ix*  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  punished  i)y  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail,  not  exceeding  one  year,  or 
by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $5()  and  not  cxcce<ling  $.500,  or  by  l>oih  such  fine  and  imprison- 
ment in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Connecticut.  The  Connecticut  law  varies  somewhat  in  phrase- 
ology from  that  of  Mtissachusetts,  so  it  is  printed  here  in  full,  being 
Chapter  CXXXIV,  Session  Laws  of  1889  : 

8KCTION  1.  No  life  insurance  company  doing  busincRS  in  the  state  of  Connecticnt 
shall  make  or  ))erm{t  any  dif  tinction  or  discrimination  in  favor  of  individuals  hetween 
insurants  of  the  same  class  and  ex|KH;tAtion  of  life  in  the  amount  or  payment  of  premi- 
ums or  rates  charged  for  policies  of  life  or  endowment  insurance,  or  in  the  dividends 
or  other  iM'neflts  payable  thereon,  or  in  any  other  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the 
contracts  it  makes;  nor  shall  any  such  company  or  any  agent,  snti-agent,  broker,  or 
any  other  person,  make  any  contract  of  insurance  or  agreement  as  to  such  contract, 
other  than  as  plainly  expressiHl  in  the  policy  issued  tlu*reon;  nor  shall  any  sach  com- 
pany or  agent,  snb-agcnt,  broker,  or  any  other  ptjrson,  nay  or  allow,  or  offer  to  .pay 
or  allow,  as  inducement  to  insurance,  an^  rebate  of  premium  payable  on  the  policy,  or 
any  special  favor  or  advantage  in  the  dividends  or  other  benefits  to  accrue  Iheivon,  or 
any  valuable  consideration  or  inducement  whatever  not  specified  in  Uie  policy  contract 
of  inBorance. 


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Anti-Rebate  Laws.  S3 

Sec.  2.  Xo  pereon  shall  act  In  the  eolicltation  or  procareraent  of  applications  for, 
or  policies  of,  insurance  for  any  company  or  corporation,  referred  to  in  this  act,  without 
ftrst  procuring  a  ceriilicate  of  authority  as  aeent  from  the  insurance  commissioner.  Said 
certincate  of  authority  must  be  renewed  on  April  1  of  each  year. 

Sbc.  3.  Any  per»on  or  corporation  violating:  any  provision  of  this  act  sliall  be  fined 
not  leHri  than  $1U0  nor  more  than  $500,  and  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  insurance 
commissioner,  on  the  conviction  of  any  person  acting  as  such  agent,  sub-agent,  or 
broker,  to  revoke  the  oertillcate  of  authority  issued  to  him  at  once,  and  no  snch  certifi- 
cate shall  be  thereafter  issued  to  said  convicted  person  by  said  commissioner  for  the 
term  of  three  years  from  the  date  of  such  conviction. 

PfiNN&YLYAKiA.  The  PennsylvaDla  law  is  the  same  as  the  Massa- 
chusetts law,  and  makes  the  penalt  j  for  violatioD  $500  on  each  and 
every  violation  when  the  amount  of  the  insurance  is  $25,000  and 
under,  and  for  every  additional  $25,000  or  under,  an  additional  penalty 
of  $500. 

Nbw  York.  The  New  York  legislature  passed  an  anti-rehate  law 
in  1889.     [See  Cyclopedia  for  1890.] 

The  insurance  code  passed  by  the  New  York  legislature  of  1892 
re-enacted  the  law  in  the  following  words  : 

Seotion  89.  Ko  life  Insnrance  corporation  doing  business  in  this  state  shall  make 
any  discrimination  in  favor  of  Individuals  of  tlic  same  class  or  of  the  same  expectation 
of  life  either  In  the  amount  of  premium  charged  or  in  any  return  of  premium,  dividends, 
or  other  advantages.  No  agent  of  any  such  corporation  shall  make  any  contract  for 
insurance,  or  agreement  as  to  such  contract  other  than  that  which  is  plainly  expressed 
In  the  policy  issued. 

No  such  corporation  or  agent  thereof  shall  pay  or  allow,  or  offer  to  pay  or  allow,  as 
an  inducement  to  any  person  to  insure,  any  rebate  of  premium,  or  any  special  favor  or 
advantage  whatever,  In  the  dividends  to  accrue  thereon,  or  any  inducement  whatever 
not  specified  in  the  policy. 

If  it  shall  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  superintendent  of  Insurance,  after  a  hear- 
ing by  him  upon  due  notice,  that  any  corporation  is  issuing  policies  or  making  contracts 
that  are  directly  or  indirectly  in  violation  of  this  section,  he  shall,  npon  the  written 
approval  of  the  attorney-general,  require  such  corporation  and  its  ofiicers  and  agents  to 
refrain,  within  twenty  days,  from  making  any  such  policy  or  contract.  No  such  cor- 
poration shall  make  any  agreement  with  any  of  its  ofiicers,  trustees,  or  salaried  em- 
ployes, whereby  It  agrees  that  for  any  services  rendered  or  to  be  rendered  there- 
after bv  snch  officials,  trustee,  or  employe,  he  shall  receive  any  salary,  compensation, 
or  emolument  that  will  extend  beyond  a  period  of  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  such 
agreement  or  contract. 

If  any  such  corporation,  or  officer  or  agent  thereof,  shall  fail  to  comply  with  the 
provisions  of  this  section,  the  superintendent  stiall,  within  twenty  days  after  such 
failure,  publish  a  notice  of  the  fact  in  the  state  paper  once  a  week  for  four  weeks,  and 
institute  such  proceedings  in  law  as  may  be  necessary  to  restrain  such  violation  of 
thia  section. 

Mabtlaitd.  The  Maryland  law  follows  the  Massachusetts  law 
literally  in  the  first  section,  and  adds  the  following  section  : 

It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  company  organized  under  the  laws  of  any  other  state 
or  country,  or  its  representative,  to  procure  for  any  person  seeking  life  Insurance  a  stale 
licenae  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  to  such  person  a  rebate. 

An  amendment  was  added  in  1892,  providing  that  an  informer  of 
the  violation  of  the  law  shall  receive  one-half  of  the  penalty  inflicted 
on  the  offender.    [See  Legal  Decisions  Affecting  the  Law,  further  on.] 

Iowa.  The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  Iowa  law,  which  was 
passed  in  1890: 

Sectioh  1.  No  life  insurance  company  doing  business  in  Iowa  shall  make  or  per- 
mit any  distinction  or  discrimination  in  favor  of  individuals  between  insurants  of  the 
same  class  and  equal  expectation  of  life,  in  the  amount  or  payment  of  premiums  or 
rates  charged  for  j>olicies  of  life  or  endowment  insurance,  or  in  the  dividends  or  other 
benefits  payable  thereon,  or  in  any  other  of  the  terms  ana  conditions  of  the  contract  it 
makes;  nor  shall  any  such  company  or  agent  thereon  make  any  contract  of  Insurance 

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34  Avti-Rbbatb  Lawb. 

or  agreement  regarding  nnch  contract  other  than  as  plainly  expresi^ed  in  the  policy,  nor 
pay,  or  allow,  or  oflfer,  ti.**  an  indurement  to  InHurance,  any  rebate  of  premlnm  of  special 
advantage  In  the  dividends  or  other  beneflts  to  aicrui'  thereon,  or  any  valuable  consid- 
eration whatever  not  Hpwifiiwl  in  tho  policy.  I5\ery  corporation,  or  officer,  or  aeent 
thereof,  who  Hhall  willfully  violau-  any  of  the  provisions  of  thin  act,  shall  l>e  fined  in  a 
Rum  not  exoetiling  $500,  ami  the  llcenw  to  do  bnslne^^H  in  thin  state  of  the  offending  cor- 
poration Hhall  stand  revoked  for  the  space  of  three  years. 

Mains.  The  law  follows  the  Connecticut  form,  but  has  a  few 
▼erbal  differences.    The  full  text  of  the  first  section  is  : 

Sbc^ion  1.  No  life  inHurancc  company  doing  busincHH  in  this  state  shail  make  or 
permit  any  di8tinction  or  diitcrimination  in  favor  of  individuals  between  insurants  of 
the  same  class  and  expectation  of  life,  in  the  amount  or  payment  of  premiums,  or 
rates  charged  for  imlicies  of  life  or  endowment  innuranoi*,  or  in  the  dividends  or  ottier 
bcnefltH  payable  thereon,  or  in  any  other  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  contracts 
which  it  makes.  Nor  shall  any  such  company  or  any  agent,  sub-agent,  broker,  or 
any  other  |)erson,  make  any  contract  of  insurance  or  agretMuent  as  to  such  contract, 
other  than  as  plainly  expressed  in  the  policy  issued  thereon.  Nor  sliall  any  such  com- 
pany or  agent,  sub-agent,  broker,  or  any  other  jierson,  pay  or  allow,  or  offer  to  pay  or 
allow,  as  inducement  to  insurance,  any  rebate  of  premium  payable  on  the  policy  :  or 
any  siK'cial  favor  or  advantage  in  the  dividends  or  other  benefit  to  accrue  thereon  ;  or 
any  valuable  consideration  or  inducement  whatever  not  specified  In  the  policy  contract 
of  insurance. 

Any  person  or  corporation  violating  any  provision  of  this  law  shall 
be  fined  not  more  tban  $200,  and  the  insurance  commissioner  must 
revoke  the  certificate  of  authority  of  such  agent,  etc.,  for  one  year. 

West  ViRGrwiA.  The  West  Virginia  law  is  a  literal  copy  of  the 
first  two  sections  of  the  New  York  amended  law  of  1889  [see  Cyclo- 
pedia for  1890],  except  where  the  word  "auditor  "  is  substituted  for 
those  of  **  superintendent  of  the  insurance  department."  The  penalty 
for  violation  is  made  not  less  than  $100,  nor  more  than  $500. 

Dblawarb.  The  Delaware  law  is  a  copy  of  the  Massachusetts 
law,  while  the  penalty  prescribed  for  its  violation  is  the  same  as  that 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Nbw  Habcpshirb.  The  law  of  this  state  follows  the  text  of  the 
amended  law  of  New  York  of  1889  [see  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for 
1890]  to  the  end  of  the  first  clause  of  the  section,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  section,  which  required  the  insurance  department  to  notify  an 
offending  company  to  refrain  within  twenty  days,  is  omitted.  The 
penalty  for  the  violation  of  the  law  is  $500  and  a  revocation  of  license 
for  three  years. 

Wisconsin.  The  first  section  of  the  law  of  1891  is  a  copy  of  the 
first  section  of  the  Massachusetts  law,  and  the  second  and  third 
sections  provide  for  the  revocation  of  the  license  of  any  agent,  sub- 
agent,  or  broker,  violating  the  provisions  of  this  act,  by  the  insurance 
commissioner,  whenever  it  appears  to  his  satisfaction  that  the  said  per- 
son has  done  so  ;  said  license  not  to  be  renewed  for  a  term  of  three 
years  therefrom  ;  the  law  to  go  into  effect  at  once,  and  to  apply  to  all 
policies  of  life  companies  written  or  Issued  by  them  in  this  state. 

Illinois.  The  law  is  Sections  203  to  206  of  chapter  78  of  the 
Revised  Statutes,  and  was  approved  June  19,  1891.  The  first  section 
is  as  follows : 

Section  1.  No  life  insnrancc  company  or  association  organized  under  the  laws  of 
this  state,  or  doing  business  within  the  limits  of  the  same,  shall  make  or  p<!rmit  any  dis- 
tinction or  discrimination  between  insurants  of  the  same  class  and  equal  expectation  of 
life,  in  its  established  rates,  nor  in  the  charging,  collecting,  demanding,  or  receiving  ot 


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Akti-Hebatb  Laws.  85 

the  amoant  of  premiam  for  insarants  of  the  Bame  claju  and  eqaal  expectation  of  life ; 
nor  in  the  return  ratably  of  premiumd,  dividends,  or  other  beneflts,  accruii^  or  that 
may  accrae,  to  such  insurants  as  aforesaid  ;  nor  in  the  termfl  or  conditions  or  the  con- 
tract between  each  company  and  the  insurants;  and  snch  contract  of  insarance  ehall  be 
fully  and  wholly  expressed  and  contained  in  the  policy  issued  and  the  application  there- 
for, nor  shall  any  such  company  or  its  agents  pay,  or  allow,  or  offer  to  pay,  or  allow  to 


any  person  insured,  any  special  rebate  of  premium,  or  any  special  favor  or  advantage, 
in  the  diyidends  or  other  beneftte  to  accrue  on  such  policv,  or  promise  the  same  to  any 
person  as  inducement  to  insure,  or  promise  to  give  any  advantage  or  valuable  consider 


ation  whatever,  not  expressed  or  specified  in  the  policy  of  such  company. 

The  three  additional  sections  declare  the  discriminations  enu- 
merated in  Section  1,  to  be  violations  of  law,  and  any  company  or 
association  so  yiolating  shall,  with  the  agent  or  agents  concerned,  be 
jointly  and  sererally  subject  to  a  penalty  of  not  less  than  $500,  nor 
more  than  $1,000  for  each  offense,  and  the  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts 
shall  cancel  the  certificate  of  authority  of  such  agent.  It  is  declared 
that  the  act  does  not  apply  to  fraternal  associations. 

KsNTUCKT.  The  Kentucky  law,  which  is  a  section  of  the  revenue 
law  of  1893»  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  Massachusetts  law,  and  prescribes 
a  penalty  of  not  exceeding  $500,  to  be  paid  by  every  company,  officer, 
or  agent  thereof  violating  the  provisions  of  the  law. 

States  in  Which  Legislatiok  Has  Failed.  The  above  are  all 
the  states  in  which  anti-rebate  laws  have  been  passed.  In  the  legisla- 
tures of  eighteen  other  states  anti-rebate  bills  have  been  introduced 
and  have  failed.  These  are  as  follows,  the  years  in  which  the  bills 
were  introduced  being  also  given. 

1888  — Georgia. 

1889  —  Illinois,  New  Hampshire  (introduced  again  in  1891  and 
passed).  New  Jersey,  Rhode  Island,  Tennessee,  Wisconsin  (introduced 
again  in  1891  and  passed). 

1890 — Kentucky  (introduced  again  in  1892  and  passed). 

1891 — California,  Florida,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Minnesota, 
Nebraska,  North  Carolina,  Texas. 

1892  — New  Jersey  (second  time). 

1893— Indiana  (second  time),  Minnesota  (second  time),  Missouri 
(second  time),  Nebraska  (second  time),  New  Jersey  (third  time). 

Anti-rebate  legislation  failed  in  these  states  from  one  of  three 
causes:  adverse  reports  from  committees,  defeat  on  coming  to  a  vote, 
or  neglect  after  being  favorably  reported.  In  almost  ever^  case  the 
bill  might  have  been  passed  had  its  friends  made  active  efforts  in  its 
behalf. 

Legal  Dbcibions  Affectino  the  Law.  The  Pennsylvania 
supreme  court  in  October,  1891,  in  the  case  of  B.  J.  Morningside,  an 
agent,  who  had  violated  the  law,  and  plead  its  unconstitutionality, 
amrmed  the  constitutionality  of  the  law. 

The  New  York  supreme  court,  general  term,  fifth  department,  in 
January,  1892,  in  the  case  of  William  H.  Formosa,  an  agent,  who  had 
violated  the  law,  affirmed  its  constitutionality.  [See  The  Weekly 
Underwriter,  Volume  46,  pace  79.] 

In  Maryland,  in  September,  1892,  Joseph  Bowes,  a  ceneral  agent, 
was  indicted  for  a  violation  of  the  anti-rebate  law.  When  the  case 
came  to  trial  in  a  Baltimore  local  court,  the  state's  attorney  moved  to 
quash  the  indictment  on  the  ground  that  the  law  was  unconstitutional, 


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3d  Association  of  Fire  Undeawritbrb. 

in  that  it  discriminated  against  tlie  citizens  of  other  states  in  violation 
of  the  constitution  of  the  United  Slates,  and  the  court  (Judge  Wright) 
granted  the  motion.  The  matter  is  likely  to  be  reviewed  by  the  court 
of  appeals. 

Arizona,  Insurance  Sapervision  in.  1887-1891.  The  territorial 
treasurer  in  Arizona  is  charged  with  the  supervision  of  insurance  by 
act  passed  in  1887.  The  officers  in  charge  have  been  C.  B.  Foster, 
1887-1890;  J.  Y.  T.  Smith,  1890-1891;  William  Christy,  1891-1893. 

Arkansas,  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1873-1893.  By  the  insur- 
ance law  of  1873  the  auditor  of  state,  who  is  elected  by  the  people  for 
two  years,  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  insurance  supervision.  The 
officials  have  been  as  follows: 

Stephen  Wheeler, 187S-1874    W.  R.  Miller 1887-1887 

W.  R.  Miller 1874-1877    W.  8.  Dmilop, 1887-1898 

John  Crawford, 1877-1883  1  Charles  B.  Mill 1898- 

A.  W.  Files 1883-18871 

Clem  McCuUoch  is  the  present  deputy  auditor,  in  charge  of  the 
insurance  department. 

Lshbrook,  Joseph,  manager  of  the  Provident  Life  and  Trust  com- 
pany of  Philadelphia,  was  Iwrn  in  that  city  August  4,  1840.  He  waa 
educated  in  its  public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  became  an  em- 
ploye in  the  office  of  a  firm  of  stock  brokers.  During  the  civil  war 
he  enlisted  in  the  118th  Pennsylvania  regiment  and  served  throughout 
the  conflict.  He  was  severely  wounded  and  breveted  major  for  gallant 
services  in  the  Wilderness  campaign.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
Maj.  Ashbrook  became  superintendent  of  agencies  for  the  Provident 
Life  and  Trust,  and  in  1881  was  appointed  manager  of  its  insurance 
department. 

Aspinwall,  Sterne  F.,  secretary  of  the  Grand  Rapids  insurance 
company  of  Michigan.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

Assessment  Life  and  Accident  Insurance  Associations.  No- 
tices of  the  principal  organizations  of  this  class  will  be  found  in  their 
alphabetical  places  in  this  volume.  The  returns  of  business  of  these 
and  the  smaller  organizations  will  be  found  in  the  tables  at  the  end  of 
the  volume. 

Assessment  Life  and  Accident  Insurance  Business  in  1892. 
[For  statistics  of  the  business,  see  Fraternal  Beneficiary  Societies  and 
Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Underwriters,  and  Appendix.] 

Assessment  Life  and  Accident  Insurance  in  tlie  Courts  [see 
Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Insurance]. 

Assessment  Life  and  Accident  Insurance  Companies,  National 
Association  of  [see  "Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Underwriters"]. 

Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  for  Arkansas.  This  is  a 
rating  and  supervising  organization  covering  the  state  of  Arkansas. 
Its  first  meeting  was  held  Januarv  28,  1883,  at  Little  Rock.  There 
have  been  two  presidents,  John  F.  Boyle,  who  served  from  1888  to 
1891,  and  L.  B.  Leigh,  from  1891  to  the  present  time.  The  officers 
chosen  at  the  last  annual  meeting  were  L.  B.  Leigh,  president,  M.  H. 
Johnson,  secretary,  and  the  executive  committee  is  composed  of  L.  B. 


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Abbociation  of  Firb  Undbbwbitbrb. 


87 


Leigh,  Milton  Dargan,  George  J.  Dexter,  John  F.  Boyle,  and  T.  C. 
Powell. 

The  local  boards  covered  by  the  association  are  six  in  number:  Lit- 
tle Rock,  Fort  Smith,  Pine  Bluff,  Hot  Springs,  Helena,  and  Batesville. 
There  are  no  compacts  nor  stamping  offices.  Rates  made  by  local 
boajrds  must  be  submitted  to  and  approved  by  the  secretary  of  the 
association  before  being  promulgated.  The  companies  represented  in 
the  association  are  as  follows: 


^tna. 

American  Central. 
American  Fire  of  New  York. 
American  Fire  of  Philadel- 


phia. 
Ltlai 


Atlanta  Home. 

British  America. 

Connecticat  Fire. 

Continental. 

Commercial  Union. 

Caledonian. 

Crescent  of  New  Orleans. 

Columbian  of  Loaisville. 

Fire  .\Mociation  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Olent}  Fails. 

German-American  of  New 
York. 


German  of  Freeport. 
Germania  of  New  Orleans. 
Greenwich. 
Hartford  Fire. 
Home  of  New  York. 
Insurance    Company    of 

North  America. 
Liverpool  and  London  and 

GloW 
Lancaehiie. 
Manchester  Fire. 
Mechanics  and  Traders  of 

New  Orleans. 
Merchants  of  Newark. 
New  York  Underwriters. 
National  Fire  of  Hartford. 
Niagara  Fire. 


New  Orleans  Insurance  As- 
sociation. 
Orient. 
Palatine. 

PenuMvIvania  Fire. 
PhcenUL  of  Hartford. 
Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Queen  of  New  York. 
Koyal. 

St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine. 
Sprineflcid  Fire  and  Marine. 
State  Investment. 
Southern. 
Sun  Mutual. 

Teutonia  of  New  Orleans. 
United  States  Fire. 
Western  of  Toronto. 


AHSociation  of  Life  Insurance  Medical  Directors  of  America 

was  organized  December  6,  1889,  in  New  York,  bj  the  medical  officers 
of  leading  life  insurance  companies.  The  first  officers  chosen  were 
Dr.  J.  M.  Keatinff  of  the  Penn  Mutual,  president;  Dr.  G.  W.  Russell 
of  the  iGtna  Life  and  Dr.  Lewis  McKnight  of  the  Northwestern 
Mutual  Life,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  Frank  Wells  of  the  John  Hancock, 
secretary;  Dr.  J.  W.  Brannan  of  the  Washington  Life,  treasurer. 
The  object  of  the  association,  as  announced,  was: 

The  promotion  of  medical  science  as  applied  to  life  insurance  hy  the  personal  inter- 
ooar»e  of  the  members,  presentation  of  papers,  discussions,  and  such  other  methods  as 
Diay  be  found  desirable,  and  also  the  encoura^fement  of  social  and  personal  relations 
between  its  members  and  the  advancement  of  the  general  interests  of  life  insurance. 

At  the  annual  meeting  May  29,  1891,  Dr.  Frank  Wells  was  elected 

£  resident;  Drs.  Russell  and  McEnight,  vice-presidents;  Dr.  £.  J. 
[arsh  of  the  Mutual  Life,  secretary,  and  Dr.  Brannan,  treasurer. 
Association  of  Fire  Underwiters  of  Baltimore.  At  the  annual 
meeting  of  this  local  board  in  January,  1892,  William  K.  Barry  was 
elected  president  ;  R.  Emory  Warfield,  vice  president ;  2tnd  William 
Cunningham,  secretary  and  treasurer.  These  officers  were  re-elected  at 
the  annual  meeting  in  January,  1893,  with  the  following  schedule 
rating  committee:  M.  K.  Burch,  Jno.  Katzenbcrger,  A.  R.  Cathcart, 
M.  Warner  Hewes,  T.  E  Bond,  Wm.  Shackelford,  and  D.  W.  Hopper. 
Among  the  business  transacted  was  the  adoption  of  the  following 
resolution  : 

WHERXA8,  It  is  reported  that  an  effort  will  be  uiade  to  introduce  the  Universal  Schedule 
in  this  cltv ; 
Reaolrfd,  TTuit  tiiis  Assucintion,  coneiHtinR  of  the  officers  of  thirteen  local  compa- 
nies and  the  af^ents  of  iion-n-rtiiU'nt  coiupaiiicH,  while  recognizing  the  rigiit  of  cdUipuiilcH 
to  influence  itM  action  by  inHtructifi)iiH  kivcii  to  their  agiiitK.  tKih'mnly  proteM**  agaiimt 
any  action  lalien  without  couHultation  with  or  couHcnt  of  thii»  At*t<ociatlon,  and  intendtcl 
to  make  this  city  the  »itu  of  experiiuentjj  in  imderwrituig. 


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38 


Association  of  Lifb  Insukance  Solicitors. 


Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  Missouri.  This  association 
was  organized  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  October  30,  1879,  by  a  few  Missouri 
field  men.  James  L.  McCluer  was  chosen  president ;  Martin  Collins, 
Tice-president ;  and  A.  C.  Travis,  secretair.  The  States  of  Kansas 
and  Nebraska  were  soon  after  admitted  to  the  association,  and  it  took 
the  name  of  the  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  Missouri,  Kansas, 
and  Nebraska,  and  so  continued  until  September  30,  1892;  when  the 
Kansas  and  Nebraska  membership  being  virtually  extinct  on  account 
of  the  anti-compact  laws  of  those  States,  the  original  name  of  the  asso- 
ciation was  resumed.  The  association  is  a  rating  and  supervising 
organization  within  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  but  has  a  social 
feature  attached  to  enliven  the  routine  of  business.  The  following 
companies  are  represented  in  the  association  : 
i£:tna,  Hartford. 


:tna. 

American  Central,  St.  Louis. 

American,  Newark. 

American  Fire,  Fliiladel- 
phia. 

Atlas,  liondon. 

Burlington,  la. 

BritiHh  America,  Toronto. 

Caltxlonian,  £dinburgli. 

Citizens,  New  Yorlc. 

Oolunitnnn,  I^uinville. 

Concordia,  Milwaukee. 

Connecticut  Fire,  Hartford. 

Continental,  New  York. 

Delaware,  Philadelphia. 

Fire  Ass'n,  Philadelphia. 

Fireman's  Fond,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 


Hanover  Fire,  New  York. 
Hartford  Fire,  Hartford. 
Home,  New  York. 
Insurance   Company    of 

North  America. 
Imperial,  l>ondon. 
Lancashire,  ManchcstiT. 
LivenxH)l  and  London  and 

Globe. 


Orient,  Hartford. 
Pacific  Fire,  New  York. 
PcopU«  Fire,  Manchester, 

N.H. 
Pheiiix,  New  York. 
Phoenix,  Hartford. 
Phoenix,  London. 
Providence- Washington, 

Providence. 


London  Assurance  Corpora-  Kockford,  I^Kkford,  111. 


Koyal,  Liverpool, 
yccurity.  New  Haven. 
Southeni,  New  Orleans. 
8prinxfteld  Fire   and  Ma- 
.  Springfield. 


Springflelf 

rinc,  Sprii 
State,  Dea  Moines. 
St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine, 

St.  Paul. 
Traders,  Chicago. 
Union,  Philadelphia. 


tlon. 

London  and  Lancashire. 

Mancliestcr  Fire. 

Merchants,  Newark. 

Milwank(H;  M(^>chanics. 

National  Fire,  Hartford. 

Newark  Fire,  Newark. 

Niagara  Fire,  New  Y^ork. 
Franklin  Fire,  Philadelphht.  North  British  and  Mcrcan- 
German,  Freeport.  tile. 

German-American,  N.  Y.       Northern,  London. 
Glens  Falls,Glen8  Fall8,N.Y.  Norwich  Union. 
Hamburg-Bremen,    Ham-      Oakland  Home,  San  Fran- 
barg.  Cisco. 

The  association  has  jurisdiction  over  the  local  boards  of  the  State 
(except  St.  Louis,  which  is  an  excepted  city).  There  are  compact 
managers  at  St.  Joseph,  Sedalia,  and  Springfield.  The  latter  has  juris- 
diction over  42  places.  Mr.  W.  J.  Fetter  is  employed  by  the  execu- 
tive committee  to  rate  all  towns  except  those  under  the  compact  man  - 
agers.  It  is  expected  that  all  places  will  have  been  rated  and  local 
boards  established  by  the  close  of  1893. 

At  the  annual  meeting  at  Excelsior  Springs,  Mo.,  September  ^, 
1892,  officers  were  elected  as  follows  :  A.  E.  Pinkney,  Kansas  City, 
special  agent  of  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  president ;  F.  W.  Little  of 
Pleasant  Hill,  special  agent  of  the  Glens  Falls,  vice-president ;  P.  H. 
Knighton  of  Hannibal,  special  agent  of  the  German- American,  secretary 
and  treasurer.  The  executive  committee  is  as  follows  :  C.  Stawitz  of 
St.  Louis,  chairman  ;  A.  F.  Ballard,  J.  D.  Fleming,  D.  W.  Graves, 
W.  E.  Mariner,  and  S.  L.  Long,  all  of  Kansas  Oily.  Among  the 
speakers  at  the  September  meeting  were  Jud«:e  Alexander  Martin  on 
Insurance  Law,  and  Professor  Blake  of  the  University  of  Kansas,  on 
Electricity. 

Association  of  Life  Insurance  Solicitors  of  Baltimore  was  or- 
ganized in  March,  1892,  by  representatives  of  six  life  insurance  corn- 
Digitized  byCjOOQlC 


Automatic  Sprikklbrs.  89 

paoies.  A  permanent  organization  was  effected  at  a  subsequent 
meeting,  as  follows  :  Emanuel  Schwenberg  of  the  Equitable  Life, 
president;  Stanley  Baker  of  the  ^Etna  Life  and  C.  D.  Spalding  of  the 
National  of  Vermont,  vice-presidents ;  W.  H.  H.  Young  of  the  Equi- 
table Life,  secretary  ;  and  Gustavus  Gemand  of  the  Mutual  Life, 
treasurer. 

Agsoclation  of  Saperintendents  and  Captains  of  Fire  Patrols, 
Salrage  Corps,  and  rroteetire  Associations  of  the  United  States. 
At  the  annual  convention  of  the  National  Association  of  Fire  Engineers 
held  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  October,  1892,  the  chiefs  of  lire  patrols  and 
salvage  corps  who  were  present  as  delegates  in  the  convention,  had  a 
separate  meeting  and  organized  an  association,  taking  the  above  title. 
The  following  persons  were  present :  A.  C.  Hull,  superintendent  of 
the  Fire  Patrol,  New  York  city  ;  H.  R.  Williamson,  Protective  Depart- 
ment, Worcester.  Mass.;  E.  1\  Shepherd.  Fire  Insurance  Patrol,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  C.  H.  Swan,  Protective  Department,  Providence,  R.  I.; 
F.  J.  Meeker,  Salvage  Corps,  Newark,  N.  J. ;  J.  F.  Pelletier,  Fire 
Patrol,  Kansas  City,  Mo. ;  H.  F.  Newman.  Salvage  Corps,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio  ;  B.  H.  Pickard  and  T.  C.  Timberlake,  Salvage  Corps,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  The  purposes  of  the  association  as  set  forth  were  as  fol- 
lows :  the  promotion  of  friendly  relations  between  fire  departments 
and  fire  patrols  of  the  same  city  ;  the  collection  of  statistics  regarding 
incendiarism  and  means  of  protection  of  property  at  fires  and  mutual 
social  convections.  All  chiefs  of  patrols  and  salvage  corps  are  eligi* 
ble  to  membership.  The  officers  elected  for  the  first  year  were  :  Cap- 
tain A.  C.  Hull  of  New  York,  president ;  J.  P.  Pelletier  of  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  secretary.    [See  Fire  Patrols.] 

Associations  and  State  Boards  of  Fire  Underwriters.  [See  Fire 
Underwriters'  Associations.] 

Associations  of  Life  Underwriters.  [See  Life  Underwriters' 
Associations  of       .] 

Atlas  assurance  company  of  London,  in  May,  1802.  removed  its 
United  States  head  office  from  San  Francisco  to  Chicago.  J.  M. 
Newbcrger  was  appointed  manager. 

Atlas  Life  insurance  company  of  Indianapolis.  Ind..  was  organ- 
ized in  March,  1893,  under  the  old  charter  of  the  Merchants'  Insur- 
ance and  Banking  Company,  for  a  life  insurance  business,  with  $100- 
000  capital.  The  officers  elected  were  :  N.  S.  Byram,  president ;  L. 
T.  Michener,  vice-president ;  M.  V.  Gilliard,  secretary  ;  Charles  E. 
Dark,  treasurer ;  Stanton  J.  Peelee,  counsel ;  W.  S.  Wynn,  actuary 
and  manager.  It  does  not  appear  that  the  company  transacted  any 
business  in  1802. 

Automatic  Sprinklers.  C.  J.  H.  Woodbury  contributed  to  the 
February  number  of  Camer*a  Magazine  an  important  paper  on  auto- 
matic sprinklers. 

The  experience  of  the  Boston  Manufacturers  Mutual  Fire  with 
automatic  sprinklers,  from  1877  to  1892  inclusive,  was  reported  as  fol- 
lows by  President  Atkinson: 


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40  Baltimobe  Lifb  Umdbrwritkbb  Abbociation. 


Fireu.  |  Claims, 


ADtomaUc  Sprinkler 406 

Other  ApparatDfl, 1,196 


906 
501 


Lowefl. 


SsM7,673 
8,790,-137 


Averaj^e     Average 
Fire.     '    CJalm. 


$610  I        $1,909 
7,991  17,406 


The  first  class  embraces  fires  in  wbich  a  properly  installed  equip- 
ment of  automatic  sprinklers  was  called  into  service  over  the  fire 
where  it  was  started,  the  second  bein^r  the  remainder  of  the  fires,  in- 
cluding many  where  automatic  Bprinklers  did  good  service  in  retarding 
the  further  extension  of  fires  which  had  burned  to  rooms  equipped 
with  such  apparatus. 

A  combination  of  several  large  sprinkler  manufacturers  was  effected 
in  November,  1892,  and  the  General  Fire  Extinguisher  Company  of 
New  York  was  organized  with  $2,000,000  capital,  to  "manufacture, 
purchase,  and  sell  automatic  sprinklers."  Frederick  Grinuell  waB 
chosen  president  and  F.  W.  Hartwell  secretary.  The  sprinklers  con- 
trolled by  the  combination  are  the  Grinnell,  Neracher,  Hill,  Kane, 
and  Clapp. 


4abb,  George  W.,  Jr.,  resident  United  States  manager  for  the 
Northern  of  Aberdeen  and  London,  was  born  at  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1847. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  jobbing  business  from  1865  to  1870. 
From  the  latter  year  to  1876  he  was  clerk  in  a  Boston  fire  insurance 
local  agency;  from  1876  to  1880,  a  local  agent  in  the  same  city.  He 
was  afterwards  general  agent  for  the  Commerce,  special  agent  of  the 
Northern,  manager  of  the  New  England  department  of  the  Northern, 
and  in  1889,  on  the  resignation  of  Mr.  H.  II.  Hall,  went  to  New  York 
as  the  manager  for  the  United  States.  Mr.  Babb  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal organizers  and  chairman  of  the  New  England  Bureau  of  United 
inspection. 

Baker,  Alfred  G*,  ex-president  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Ua- 
derwriters.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

Baldwin,  Henry  W.,  general  manager  for  the  New  York  Life  in- 
surance company  for  New  Jersey,  Connecticut,  Khode  Island,  Long 
Island,  and  western  Massachusetts,  resigned  June  30,  1892,  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  assistant  manager  of  the  department,  Robert  A. 
Whitney.  Mr.  Baldwin  and  Percy  V.  Baldwin  were  appointed  by  the 
Manhattan  Life  managers  for  the  states  of  New  Jersey  and  Connecti- 
cut and  Long  Island  from  November  1,  1892. 

Ballard.  Frank  H.,  was  appointed  superintendent  of  agencies  of 
the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  from  January  1,  1892.  Mr.  Bal- 
lard is  a  son  of  the  late  Frank  W.  Ballard,  and  had  been  in  the  service 
of  the  company  fifteen  years. 

Ballimore  Life  Underwriters*  Association  was  organized  Jan- 
uary 11.  1887,  and^reorganized  May  1,  1890.  The  first  oflicers  were 
Oscar  F.  Bresee,  president,  William  H.  Blackford  and  Jonathan  K. 


.,y. zed  by  Google 


Beddall,  Edward  F.  41 

Taylor,  vice-presidents,  Henry  P.  Goddard,  secretary.  The  officers 
elected  at  the  annual  meeting,  April  12,  1892,  were  H.  P.  Goddard, 
president,  Frank  Markoe  and  H.  B.  Meigs,  Tice-presidents,  F.  C.  Nico- 
demus,  secretary,  Monroe  Snell,  treasurer.  The  present  officers,  elected 
at  the  annual  meeting  in  April,  1893,  are  Frank  Markoe,  president, 
Charles  W.  Jackson,  secretaiy. 

Batterson,  James  6.,  president  of  the  Travelers  insurance  com- 
pany of  Hartford,  was  bom  at  Bloomfield,  Conn.,  February  28,  1828. 
His  early  life  was  spent  in  Litchfield  county,  where  his  father  was 
engaged  in  the  marble  trade.  He  served  an  apprenticeship  in  a  print- 
ing and  book  publishing  establishment  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  but  returning 
to  Litchfield,  went  into  business  with  his  father,  and  in  1846  began  on 
his  own  account  as  a  dealer  in  and  importer  of  marble  and  granite. 
Mr.  Batterson  was  the  first  in  the  United  States  to  polish  granite  by 
machinery.  He  is  still  at  the  head  of  this  business,  which  is  one  of 
the  largest  in  the  country.  His  attention  was  called  to  the  accident 
insurance  business  while  traveling  in  England,  having  purchased  a." 
ticket  of  the  Railway  Passengers  assurance  company.  He  studied  the 
plans  of  this  corporation,  and  returning  to  the  United  States  secured, 
m  1863,  a  charter  for  the  Travelers  insurance  company,  of  which  he 
became  president.  In  1866  he  obtained  legislative  permission  for  the 
company  to  do  a  life  insurance  business  also.  [See  Travelers  insur- 
ance company.] 

Bayne,  Andrew  C*.  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  ^tna  insur- 
ance company  of  Hartford  on  the  reorganization  of  the  official  staff, 
December  7,  1892,  following  the  death  of  Mr.  Goodnow.  Captain 
Bayne  was,  previous  to  his  connection  with  the  ^tna,  with  the  Han- 
over Fire  of  New  York  thirteen  years.  He  served  the  ^tna  in  the 
field  several  years,  having  his  headquarters  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  he 
was  elected  secretary  of  the  company  in  1885.  Captain  Bayne  has  a 
conspicuous  war  record.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  a  New  York  regi- 
ment in  April,  1861,  and  fought  through  the  entire  conflict,  most  of  it 
as  a  commissioned  officer.  After  the  war  and  until  1871  Captain 
Bayne  was  an  officer  in  the  regular  army  of  the  United  States. 

Beavan,  Jeffrey,  resident  United  States  manager  of  the  London 
and  Lancashire  insurance  company,  was  bom  in  Liverpool,  £ng.,  in 
May,  1852.  In  1870  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Royal  insurance  com- 
pany as  a  clerk,  which  position  he  changed  to  a  clerkship  in  the  Lon- 
don and  Lancashire  in  1874.  He  was  appointed  foreign  superintendent 
of  that  companv  in  1880,  and  in  May,  1885,  he  was  sent  to  the  United 
States  to  act  as  loint  manager  with  Mr.  Yereance,  and  when  that  gen- 
tleman resignea  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  Alliance  insurance 
association,  in  1887,  Mr.  Beaven  assumed  the  sole  management  for  the 
London  and  Lancashire. 

leddaH,  Edward  F.,  manager  at  New  York  for  the  Royal  insur- 
ance company  of  Livoipool,  is  a  native  of  the  county  of  Essex, 
England,  where  he  was  born  May  1,  1830.  His  first  connection  with 
the  insurance  business  was  as  inspector  of  agencies  for  the  London 
branch  of  the  Royal,  in  1863.    Mr.  Beddall  was  made  manager  of  the 


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42  Beneficiary  Orders  and  Societies. 

Oanadian  branch  of  the  Royal  in  July,  1871,  and  of  the  New  Torit 
branch  in  Julj,  1878.  He  nas,  therefore,  been  connected  with  the 
companj  thirty  years.  He  is  also  Tice-president  of  the  Queen  insur- 
ance company  of  America.  He  is  a  warden  of  the  cliurch  of  St. 
George  the  Martyr,  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  management  of  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  New  York;  he  has  been  president  of  St.  George's 
society  of  New  York  and  is  prominent  in  social,  charitable,  and 
religious  matters  in  the  metropolis. 

Beecher^enry  B.,  insurance  manager  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
is  the  son  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  and  was  born  in  Brooklyn  about 
fifty  years  ago.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  and  on  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war  enlisted  in  the  army,  serving  as  colonel  of  yolun- 
teers.  On  the  return  of  peace,  Col.  Beecher  entered  the  insurance 
business  in  New  York  and  established  the  general  agency  firm  of 
Beecher,  Schenck  &  Benedict,  now  Beecher,  Scheack  &  Company, 
which  is  one  of  the  largest  of  its  class  in  the  world. 

Beers,  William  H.,  late  president  of  the  New  York  Life  insur- 
ance company,  was  born  April  16,  1823.  After  experience  as  a  book- 
keeper in  an  express  office  and  as  a  clerk  in  the  paymaster's  department 
in  the  naval  service  of  the  United  States,  in  1851  he  secured  an  engage- 
ment with  the  New  York  Life  as  accountant.  The  remaining  forty- 
two  years  of  his  life  have  been  given  by  Mr.  Beers  to  this  company.  He 
rose  to  the  presidency  by  successive  grades,  having  succeeded  Mr. 
Freeman  as  actuary  in  1864,  and  being  elected  vice  president  in  1868, 
and  president,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Franklin,  in  1885.  His  retirement 
took  place  in  1892,  and  he  how  holds  an  advisory  position  in  connec- 
tion with  the  management  of  the  company.  [See  New  York  Life 
insurance  company.] 

^^Beldeii;  John  S.jwestem  general  agent  of  the  London  and  Lan- 
cashire, was  born  at  Warsaw,  N.  Y.,  September  8,  1839,  and  has  been 
a  resident  of  Chicago  since  1862.  He  began  his  connection  with  in- 
surance in  1865  as  accountant  with  the  Security  insurance  company, 
in  which  office  he  remained  until  1871,  and  was  with  the  Royal  until 
1872,  then  with  the  Imperial  until  1878,  and  with  the  German- Ameri- 
can until  1888.  He  was  appointed  general  agent  of  the  London  and 
Lancashire  in  1888,  having  charge  of  fifteen  western  states. 

Beneficiary  Orders  and  Societies.  [See  Fraternal  Societies,  also 
National  Fraternal  Congress,  also  business  of  Fraternal  Organizations 
in  Appendix.] 

Bennett,  Martin,  United  States  branch  manager  for  the  Lion  Fire 
of  London  and  the  Scottish  Union,  and  National  of  Edinburgh,  is  i| 
native  of  Bristol,  R.  I. ,  and  a  graduate  of  Brown  University.  He  was 
general  agent  for  the  Connecticut  Fire  of  Hartford  as  early  as  1860, 
and  afterwards  its  secretary,  and  in  1872  he  became  its  president.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  in  1878  and 
1879,  and  president  in  1880.  The  same  year  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  resident  manager  for  the  two  British  companies  for  the  entire 
United  States  and  Canada. 


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Blagdbn,  Samuel  P.  43 

lensoD,  B.  Dale,  president  of  the  PennsylvaQia  Fire  insurance 
company,  was  born  in  Philadelphia  December  6,  1841.  He  was  a 
clerk  in  a  wholesale  grocery  house  when  the  civil  war  broke  out 
and  enlisted  in  a  Pennsylvania  regiment.  He  was  mustered  out  July, 
1865,  as  a  brevet-major  of  volunteers.  At  the  lime  of  the  Pittsburgh 
riots  in  1877,  he  was  colonel  of  the  first  regiment  of  Pennsylvania  state 
troops.  For  some  years  before  identifying  himself  with  fire  under- 
writing Col.  Benson  was  in  business  in  connection  with  a  large  tea 
importing  hou«e.  In  1881,  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Fire,  and  in  1890,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Devereaux,  he 
succeeded  him  as  president. 

Beveridge,  David,  has  been  actively  connected  with  fire  insurance 
for  nearly  twenty-fiveyears.  In  1871,  he  was  special  agent  at  Chicago 
for  the  iNew  York  Underwriters  Agency,  and  1874  general  agent 
in  the  west  for  the  Niagara  Fire.  He  was  manager  of  the  Michigan 
Inspection  and  Rating  Bureau  and  has  been  compact  manager  at 
Minneapolis  and  Detroit.  His  latest  service  to  insurance  has  been  as 
inspector  for  the  insurance  auxiliary  committee  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  from  which  position  he  recently  resigned. 

Biflsell,  George  F.,  manager  of  the  western  department  of  the 
Hartford  Fire  insurance  company,  was  born  near  Hartford,  Conn., 
and  when  a  youth  settled  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  mercantile  pursuits. 
In  1850  he  removed  to  Iowa,  where,  with  a  brother,  he  was  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  grocery  and  commission  business  several  years.  In 
1855  he  was  local  agent  for  the  Hartford,  and  five  years  later  went 
wholly  into  its  service  as  general  agent  in  Iowa.  In  1861  he  was 
transferred  to  Chicago,  and  in  1868  was  promoted  to  general  manager 
of  a  territory  extending  from  the  eastern  line  of  Ohio  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains  and  south  to  the  Gulf.  This  important  charge  Mr.  Bissell 
has  now  had  for  thirty  years. 

Blackirelder,  I.  S.,  manager  of  the  western  department  of  the 
Niagara  and  the  Caledonian  insurance  companies,  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery County,  Illinois,  about  53  years  ago.  In  1862,  when  he^was 
county  clerk  at  Hillsboro,  111.,  he  was  also  a  local  fire  insurance  agent. 
From  1868  to  1881  he  was  in  the  field  as  representative  of  various 
prominent  fire  companies,  except  that  three  years  of  the  time  — 1874 
to  1876  —  he  traveled  as  supervising  aeent  for  the  National  Board  of 
Fire  Underwriters.  In  April,  1881,  Mr.  Blackwelder  was  appointed 
western  manager  for  the  Niagara  Fire  with  headquarters  at  Chicago. 

Blagden,  Samuel  P.,  resident  United  States  manager  for  the 
North  British  and  Mercantile  insurance  company,  was  born  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  October  8,  1840,  the  son  of  a  diBtinguishcd  divine  of  that  city. 
He  received  his  collegiate  education  at  Williams,  and  after  graduation 
began  in  1862  the  fire  insurance  business  in  Boston.  In  1866  he 
became  assistant  manager  in  the  New  York  office  of  the  North 
British  and  Mercantile,  and  in  1870  joint  manager  with  Ezra  White. 
This  relation  continued  with  Chailes  E.  White,  who  was  Ezra  White's 
successor,  and  when  he  retired  in  1887  Mr.  Blagden  became  manager 
in  chief.     He  was  secretary  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Under- 


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44  Boston  Board  of  Firs  Underwriters. 

writers,  from  1878  to  1875,  and  was  president  of  the  New  York  Board 
of  Fire  Underwriters  in  1890  and  1891. 

Blaflrdon,  Thomas,  New  York  fire  insurance  broker.    [See  Death 
Roll.] 

»Blodgrett,  Tiiden,  of  the  New  York  office  of  the  Equitable  Life 
Assurance  Society,  was  born  in  New  York,  February  6,  1852,  and  baa 
been  connected  with  the  company  since  1869,  beginning  at  the  lowest 
rung  of  the  ladder  and  climbing  to  the  post  of  a  manager  of  the 
metropolitan  department.  Mr.  Blodgett  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Life  Insurance  Association  of  New  York,  and  was  its  president  in 
1892.  He  was  also  the  first  vice-president  of  the  National  Association 
of  Life  Underwriters. 


"^HBoardman,  George  C.^  general  agent  of  the  ^tna  of  Hartford  for 
the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  and  reared  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  became 
a  special  agent  for  the  Merchants'  insurance  company,  and  in  1860 
▼isited  California  in  the  Interest  of  that  company.  In  1861  he  became 
secretary  of  the  San  Francisco  insurance  company,  and  in  1863  was 
elected  president.  In  1868  he  resigned  and  accepted  the  general 
agency  of  the  iEtna.  Practically  Mr.  Boardman's  career  as  a  fire  un- 
derwriter on  the  Pacific  coast  covers  the  whole  histoir  of  the  business 
there.  He  proposed  and  mainly  promoted  the  origmal  board  of  un- 
derwriters, which  paved  the  way  for  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union. 

Board  of  Underwriters  of  New  York,  which  represents  ocean 
marine  companies  doing  business  in  New  York,  was  organized  in  1820, 
and  has  been  in  uninterrupted  operation  since.  The  present  officers 
are  John  D.  Jones  of  the  Atlantic  Mutual  of  New  York,  president; 
James  F.  Cox,  vice-president;  James  A.  Whitlock,  secretary;  A.  C. 
Spencer,  clerk. 

Boards  of  Fire  Underwriters,  State.  [See  Fire  Underwriters 
Associations.] 

Bond  and  Mortgage  Guaranty  company  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  was 
organized  March  29,  1892,  with  1 1,000, 000  paid  up  capital  stock. 
William  B.  Isham  is  president  and  Frank  Bailey  secretary.  The  com- 
pany, as  its  title  indicates,  insures  the  payment  of  the  principal  and 
interest  of  such  bonds  and  mortgages  as  it  is  willing  to  accept  for  that 
purpose.    Only  a  beginning  of  business  was  made  in  1892. 

Borrowe,  Samuel,  second  vice  president  of  the  Equitable  Life  As- 
surance Society,  was  born  in  New  York,  August  8,  1887,  and  joined 
the  office  force  of  the  company  in  early  manhood.  He  was  city  man- 
ager in  1868,  appointed  secretary  in  1869,  and  second  vice-president  in 
1878. 

Boston  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized  November 
14,  1882.  At  the  annual  meeting,  November  8,  1892,  the  special  com- 
mittee on  co-insurance  reported  the  following  rule,  which  was  unani- 
mously adopted: 


All  rifike  epecifically  rated  by  the  BoBton  Board  of  Underwriters,  where  exceptions 
>  not  herein  provided,  are  rated  on  the  baels  that  thene  rinks  are  insored  to  at  least 
per  cent,  of  toeir  value,  and  on  and  after  the  date  of  the  promulgation  of  thie  role, 

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Boston  Inbfbction  Department. 


45 


poHdee  coyering  all  snch  speciflcally  rated  risks  must  be  written  with  an  80  per  cent 
co-inBurance  clause,  unless  otherwise  permitted  by  some  subjection  referred  to  herein. 

The  following  officers  and  executive  committee  were  elected :  Presi- 
dent, B.  B.  Whittemore;  secretary,  Osborne  Howes;  ezecutiye  com- 
mittee, Herbert  Coolidge,  H.  8.  Wheelock,  C.  E.  Guild,  A.  W.  Pope, 
H.  8.  Bean,  F.  H.  Stevens. 

Boston  Board  of  Marine  Underwriters  was  organized  May  9, 
1850.  The  officers  for  1898  are  John  H.  Dane,  president;  Francis  Pea- 
body,  vice-president;  George  N.  Amerige,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
William  Can  field,  inspector.  The  office  of  the  board  is  at  the  Mer- 
chants Exchange  Building  on  State  street,  Boston.  The  board  makes 
the  tariff  of  charges  for  marine  insurance,  and  its  inspector  inspects 
and  fixes  the  rate  on  all  vessels  arriving  in  port  and  applying  for  in- 


Boston  File  Insurance  Losses,  1881-1892.  The  following  tabu- 
lation appeared  in  the  report  of  the  Boston  Protective  Department  for 
the  year  ending  March  1,  1898: 


Year    Total  Insurance 
ending      on  Buildings 
Dec  81.    and  Contents. 

Total  LoM  on 
Buildings  and 

Companiee. 

Per  cent,  of 
total  Insur- 
ance Paid  in 
Losses  by 
Go's. 

Total  Loss  on 

Buildings  and 

Contents. 

Per  cent,  of 

Total  Loss 

to  Insurance. 

1881  $3,005,227.61 

1882  4,880,898.67 
1888           6,609,103.»6 

1884  7,471,992.68 

1885  6,068,732.28 

1886  1       5,003,906.71 

1887  5,176.536.64 

1888  8,066,788.28 

1889  11,786,463.15 

1890  8,179,364.62 

1891  10,447,876.87 

1892  8,481,061.68 

$420,404.61 
782,041.81 
981,306.49 
970,303.29 

1,122,449.96 
776,073.91 
640,939.02 
943,130.91 

4,061,018.83 
960,847.26 

1,388,877.43 
731,948.78 

16.76 
16.08 
14.11 
12.98 
18.51 
16.48 
10.45 
11.69 
34.60 
11.74 
13.29 
8.68 

$467,105.82 

958,885.88 

1,132,962.18 

1,101,253.60 

1,232,255.05 

1,080,196.06 

690,454.11 

1,081,676.72 

4,819,446.67 

1,088,887.29 

1,612,074.51 

846,895.12 

11.96 
10.64 
17.16 
14.78 
90.32 
21.76 
13.34 
12.79 
41.06 
13.81 
14.47 
9.97 

Total,     $86,011,976.94 

$13,628,841.28 

15.84 

$15,969,709.60 

18.67 

Boston  Fire  Underwriters  Union  was  organized  May  22,  1872. 
It  was  originally  the  rating  board  for  Boston,  but  was  superseded  by 
the  Boston  Tariff  Association  in  1882,  which  was  in  turn  succeeded  by 
the  present  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters.  The  organization  of  the 
Union  has  been  kept  alive  simply  that  it  ma^  serve  as  a  vehicle  for  the 
electrical  matters  of  the  Board.  The  presidency  of  the  Union  is  va- 
cant and  has  been  so  for  about  two  years;  Charles  £.  Guild  is  treasurer, 
and  Osborne  Howes,  Jr.,  is  secretary.  The  electrical  inspectors  of  the 
Union  are  Qeorge  W.  Wilson,  F.  H.  Carter,  Geo.  H.  Spooner. 

Boston  Inspection  Department.  The  annual  report  of  the  in- 
spection department  of  the  Boston  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  for  the 
year  ending  November  1,  1892,  stated  that  the  department  had  made 
6,083  complete  inspections  of  buildings,  and  secured  the  correction  of 
defects  found  in  8,954  of  these  inspections.  As  it  took  at  least  one 
additional  visit  and  of tener  two  to  secure  this  correction  of  defects,  it 


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46  Boston  Protbctite  Departmbkt. 

was  safe  to  Bay  that  there  have  been  at  least  10,000  yisite  to  the  build- 
ings inspected  during  the  past  year.  Regarding  sprinkled  risks  the 
report  said : 

We  havo  now  seventy-six  risks  protected  with  automatic  sprinklers,  a  large  nnmber 
of  these  connlsting  of  two  or  more  buil(lin)<s.  These  are  frequently  and  ri^Tidly  in- 
spected, the  visits  averai^ng  about  once  in  six  weeks,  and  no  effort  is  spared  to  bring 
the  prc»tectioo  to  the  highest  state  of  efilcicncy  known.  We  have  obtained  the  nse  of 
admirable  arrangements  for  testing  the  operation  of  heads  concerning  which  there  maj 
be  doubt,  either  on  acount  of  their  new  form  or  from  having  been  subjected  to  condi- 
tions likely  to  render  them  inopc^rative;  in  conse<{uencc  of  defects  thus  made  manifest 
we  have  been  able  to  secure  changes  which  we  found  necessary  in  s<*vcral  buildings. 
?Uy  the  manner  in  which  we  believe 


Wc  are  now  ready  to  indicate  exactly  the  manner  in  which  we  believe  sprinklers  should 
be  arranged,  and  supplies  of  water  provided  for  them  in  order  to  produce  the;  best  re- 
sults unaer  all  conditions,  and  the  eight  risks  e(iulp))ed  with  sprinklers  during  the  year 
have  been  under  the  direction  and  su|)crvision  of  this  department  from  the  beginning 
of  the  installation.  Five  fires  have  occurred  during  the  year  in  sprinkled  risku;  and  in 
every  case  the  sprinkler  has  put  out  the  Are  without  external  aid  and  with  but  small 
loss.  Our  knowledge  of  the  conditions  leads  us  to  believe  that  in  at  least  two  cases  the 
loss  would  have  been  very  large  had  it  not  been  for  the  prompt  extinguishing  of  the  fire. 

F.  E.  Cabot  is  the  head  of  the  department,  having  the  official  title 
of  superintendent  of  inspections. 

Boston  Life  Underwriters*  Association  was  organized  in  1883, 
the  original  officers  being  Cornelius  G.  Attwood,  president ;  Ben  S. 
Calef  and  J.  Mason  Everett,  vice-presidents  ;  George  N.  Carpenter, 
secretary ;  Francis  Marsh,  treasurer ;  James  T.  Phelps,  E.  J.  Smith, 
D.  W.  Kilburn,  C.  W.  Uolden,  and  Sidney  M.  Hedges,  executive  com- 
mittee. The  presidents  of  the  association  from  organization  to  1893 
have  been  as  follows  : 

1888  Cornelius  Q.  Attwood.  I  18R9  Daniel  W.  Kilbnm. 

1H84  Ben  S.  Calef.  Ih90  David  N.  llolway. 

1885  Charles  W.  Holden.  I  1891  Darwin  Barnard. 

1886  Walter  M.  Hodgi>8.  '  1892  Sidnev  M.  Hedges. 

1887  James  T.  Phelps.  i  lOW  Nathan  Warren. 

1888  Geo.  N.  Carpenter.  ; 

The  officers  for  189^3  were,  Sidney  M.  Hedges,  president ;  Nathan 
Warren  and  Stephen  F.  Woodman,  vice-presidents  ;  Franklin  Barnard, 
secretary ;  Francis  Marsh,  treasurer ;  Edward  H.  Osborn,  editor  of 
the  Solicitor;  Ben  F.  Calef.  chairman,  and  William  F.  Batche,  Charles 
A.  Hopkins,  Walter  W.  Hodges,  and  Darwin  Barnard,  members  of  the 
executive  committee.  The  officers  for  1893-4  are :  Nathan  Warren, 
president ;  Noah  Plympton  and  C.  D.  Hammer,  vice  presidents ; 
Franklin  Barnard,  secretary  ;  Francis  Marsh,  treasurer  ;  E.  H.  Osborn, 
editor  of  the  Solicitor;  James  T.  Phelps,  chairman,  S.  M.  Hedges. 
W.  F.  Batche,  C.  A.  Hopkins,  and  8.  F.  Woodman,  members  of  the 
executive  committee. 

The  tenth  anniversary  of  the  association  was  celebrated  at  Young's 
Hotel,  Boston,  February  14,  1893,  by  a  banquet.  The  speakers,  be- 
sides President  Warren,  were  Lieut. -Govern or  Wolcott  of  Massachu- 
setts, W.  H.  H.  Davies,  solicitor  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany, Commissioner  Merrill,  President  Tillinghast  of  the  national 
association,  Kev.  Dr.  Cuckson,  Darwin  Barnard,  Robert  M.  Morse, 
Secretary  of  State  Olin,  President  Register  of  the  Philadelphia  asso- 
ciation, and  Ben  S.  Calef. 

Boston  Protective  Department  has  grown  and  developed  out  of 
small  beginnings.    In  1849  its  sole  equipment  consisted  of  two  canvas 

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Bowers,  Hbnby  E.  47 

bags  containing  each  three  oil  covers.  The  headquarters  were  located 
in  the  insurance  office  of  Dobson  &  Jordan,  No.  50  State  street.  As- 
sistant Enrineer  F.  A.  Coburn  of  the  fire  department  was  in  charge, 
and  had  a  key  to  the  office  door.  He  was  authorized  to  press  any  per- 
son into  service  to  carry  the  covers.  In  1858  the  fire  department 
allowed  the  insurance  companies  to  place  six  oil  covers  on  the  ladder 
of  Ladder  Company  No.  1,  to  be  used  at  fires.  The  men  were  paid  at 
the  rate  of  fifty  cents  an  hour  for  their  services.  October  1,  1868,  the 
first  company  was  organized  by  Assistant  Engineer  W.  A.  Green,  of 
thafire  department,  and  consisted  of  nine  men,  the  driver  being  the 
only  permanent  man.  The  apparatus  and  equipment  at  that  time  con- 
sisted of  a  one-horse  milk  wagon,  twenty-five  covers,  and  a  number  of 
brooms  and  shovels,  the  whole  being  housed  in  the  old  Engine  Com- 
pany No.  8's  house  jn  North  Bennett  street.  Up  to  March  29, 1874.  the 
department  was  maintained  by  voluntary  contributions.  In  1874  the 
legislature  granted  a  charter  to  the  organization,  which  was  accepted 
March  11,  immediatelv  after  its  passage,  and  a  code  of  by-laws  adopted. 
The  original  title,  "  The  Boston  Prot-ective  Department"  was  retained 
in  the  corporate  name,  and  the  fire  insurance  companies  doing  business 
in  Boston  are  required  to  maintain  it.  The  maximum  amount  for  ex- 
penditures was  placed  at  $80,000.  Captain  J.  S.  Jacobs  was  appointed 
superintendent  1874,  and  Company  No.  2  was  organized  and  located 
on  Shawmut  avenue,  corner  of  Pleasant  street.  In  1875  the  annual 
appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  department  was  increased  to  $40,- 
000.  July  1,  1880,  Samuel  Abbott,  Jr.,  was  elected  superintendent, 
and  is  still  at  the  head  of  the  department.  In  1891  the  appropriation 
was  increased  to  $50,000.  The  department  voted  to  adopt  the  New 
York  system  known  as  "  doable  banking,"  requiring  two  extra  wagons 
and  a  double  outfit  at  each  house  with  a  second  crew  of  men  who  will 
be  on  duty  through  the  night  and  subject  to  "  call "  service  during  the 
day.  The  present  organization  consists  of  two  companies  and  a  total 
force  of  56  men.  There  are  ten  horses,  four  wagons,  394  rubber 
covers,  and  two  sleighs.  The  total  number  of  fires  and  alarms  during 
1892  was  1.242,  or  227  more  than  the  previous  year.  The  expense  of 
maintaining  the  department  for  the  year  ending  March,  1893,  was 
$54,844. 

Boston  UnderwriterR  InHpectors  Club.  At  the  annual  meeting 
at  Boston,  October  19.  1892,  B.  B.  Whittemore  made  an  address  on  fire 
insurance  inspection  during  the  past  thirty  years.  Officers  were  elected 
as  follows :  President,  George  L.  Elwell ;  vice-president,  H.  J.  O'Neill ; 
secretary,  William  H.  Wedger ;  treasurer,  Ira  W.  Orcutt ;  executive 
committee,  F.  E.  Cabot,  H.  J.  O'Neill.  G.  W.  Wilson. 

Bowers,  Henry  E.,  resident  United  States  manager  of  the  Guardian 
of  London,  was  bom  at  Bozrah,  Conn.,  December  3,  1840,  but  passed 
most  of  his  boyhood  in  Norwich.  In  1863  he  was  assistant  editor  of 
the  Norwich  Morning  Bulletin,  and  in  1864  became  the  accountant 
of  the  Norwich  fire  insurance  company.  He  was  appointed  general 
agent  of  the  Fireman's  Fund  and  the  Union  of  California  in  1868, 
special  agent  of  the  North  British  and  Mercantile  for  New  England  in 
1872,  ana  United  States  manager  of  the  Guardian  in  1876.  Previous 
to  his  acceptance  of  the  management  of  the  Guardian,  he  was  for  some 
years  a  member  x)f  the  firm  of  Skeels,  Bowers  &  Boughton,  at  Boston. , 


48  Bboicwbll,  L.  L. 

Bojrden,  S.  S.,  was  appointed  actuary  of  the  Union  Mutual  Life 
insurance  company  in  February,  1892. 

Bradley,  Frederick,  of  Scull  &  Bradley,  Boston  fire  insurance 
general  agents.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

Brewer,  William  A.,  Jr.,  president  of  the  Washington  Life  in- 
surance company  of  New  York,  was  born  at  Boston,  Mass.,  October  9, 
1885.  He  graduated  from  the  scientific  department  of  Harvard  College 
in  1854,  with  the  degree  of  8.  B.  Following  the  Tocations  of  civil 
engineer  and  architect,  he  was  for  two  years  engaged  on  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Lexington  &  Big  Bandy  railroad  of  Kentucky.  In  April. 
1857.  he  entered  the  actuarial  department  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New 
York,  under  Mr.  Sheppard  Homans.  In  1860  he  was  appointed 
actuary  and  secretary  of  the  Washington  Life«  April  18,  1869,  he 
was  advanced  to  the  vice-presidencv  and  June  30,  1879,  he  succeeded 
the  late  Mr.  Curtiss  as  president.  Mr.  Brewer  resides  at  South  Orange. 
N.  J.,  which  he  has  served  in  various  public  capacities ;  two  terms  as 
president  of  the  village,  fourteen  years  an  officer,  two  years  of  them  as 
president  of  the  New  England  society  of  Orange,  director  of  the 
Orange  Athletic  and  Riding  clubs,  etc. 

■■'I  "iBrewster,  James  H.,  assistant  United  States  manager  of  the  lion 
and  Scottish  Union  and  National,  was  bom  at  Coventry,  Conn.,  Deceoi- 
ber  24,  1845.  He  entered  the  office  of  the  Connecticut  Fire  insurance 
company  in  1867,  and  was  appointed  assistant  secretary  in  1878.  He 
retired  from  that  company  with  President  Bennett,  when  the  latter 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  two  British  companies,  and  was  appointed 
assistant  manager  under  him. 

British  America  assurance  compan^r  of  Toronto,  Out. ,  was  ruled 
out  of  Massachusetts  in  February,  1892,  in  accordance  with  the  law  of 
that  state  charging  up  as  capital  and  therefore  liability,  the  whole 
amount  of  deposits  by  foreign  companies  with  the  various  states  wiUi 
which  they  do  business.  This  created  a  technical  impairment  of  the 
capital  of  the  company,  under  the  Massachusetts  law.  The  company 
withdrew  but  subsequently,  having  made  good  the  impairment,  was  re- 
admitted. The  control  of  this  company  was  purchased  in  December, 
1892,  by  the  Western  assurance  company  of  Toronto.  The  two  com- 
panies continued  in  business  separate! v,  but  used  the  same  agents  in 
the  United  States  as  far  as  practicable.  Governor  Morrison  of  the 
British  America  retired. 

Bromwell,  L.  L.,  Pacific  coast  manager,  was  bom  at  Cincinnati, 
O..  about  1846,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  became  a  clerk  in  the  Cincin- 
nati office  of  the  Phoenix  of  Uartford.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  a 
special  agent  and  adjuster  of  the  same  company,  and  in  1870  received 
a  similar  appointment  in  the  Pacific  coast  department  of  the  Home  and 
Phoenix.  In  1878  he  was  general  agent  of  the  California  insurance 
company  ;  in  1879  was  elected  vice-president,  and  in  1885,  upon  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Hopkins,  was  elected  president,  continuing  until  the 
com  pan  V  stopped.  For  some  vears  he  was  the  Pacific  coast  manager 
of  the  Union  Fire  and  Marine  insurance  company  of  New  Zealand. 


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Bullock,  A.  Gbobge.  49 

Brooklyn  Fire  Insurance  Rates.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Tariff 
association  of  New  York,  held  December  22,  1892,  the  following 
resolution  was  adopted : 

Remdved^  That  until  such  time  as  the  lire  department  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn  shall 
have  been  improved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  fire  underwriters,  ezpreeeed  through  this 
aseociation,  tnerc  uhall  be  added  to  all  rates  S6  per  cent  That  sucn  addition  be  made 
separate  in  the  form  of  a  rider,  the  wording  of  which  shall  be  promulgated  by  the  man- 
ager of  the  sssociation. 

The  promulgation  of  the  adyance  in  rates  created  much  excitement 
in  Brooklyn  and  led  to  an  investigation  of  the  fire  department  by  a 
eommission  of  citizens  appointed  by  the  mayor.  On  the  promise  that 
the  defects  in  the  department  would  be  remedied,  the  Tariff  associa- 
tion suspended  the  advanced  rates  in  March,  1898. 

Browne,  John  D.,  president  of  the  Connecticut  Fure  insurance 
company,  was  bom  at  iPlainfield,  Conn.,  in  1836,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  was  following  the  vocation  of  teacher  in  his  native 
town.  In  1855  he  established  himself  in  Minnesota  as  agent  of  an 
eastern  manufacturing  company,  and  there  he  remained  several  years, 
gaining  a  varied  experience  of  western  life.  In  1865  he  was  appointed 
western  special  agent  of  the  Home  of  New  Haven,  and  in  1867  trans- 
ferred his  services  to  the  Hartford  Fire  in  the  same  capacity.  He  was 
called  to  Hartford  as  secretary  of  the  company  in  1870,  ana  that  office 
he  resigned  in  1880  to  become  president  of  the  Connecticut. 

Brownell,  Channcey  W.,  secretary  of  state  and  one  of  the  insur- 
ance commissioners  of  Vermont,  was  bom  in  Williston,  in  that  state, 
October  7,  1847.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Vermont  in  the  class  of  1870,  and  from  the  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  Law  School  in  1872  ;  was  state's  attorney  for  Chittenden  county 
from  1884  to  1886 ;  assistant  secretary  of  the  senate  from  1874  to  1880, 
at  which  time  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  secretary,  a  position  he 
held  until  1890.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  state  in  18^,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1892. 

^Balkeley,  Morgan  0.,  president  of  the  uStna  Life  insurance 
company,  is  a  son  of  Judge  Eliphalet  A.  Bulkeley,  the  first  president 
of  both  the  Connecticut  Mutual  and  the  ^tna.  He  was  born  at  East 
Iladdam,  Conn.,  December  26,  1837.  When  a  youth  he  was  engaged 
in  the  dry  goods  business  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  returned  to 
Hartford,  organized  the  United  States  Trust  company,  and  was  its 
president  until  July,  1879,  when,  upon  Mr.  Enders'  resignation,  he  was 
chosen  president  of  the  ^tna  Life.  In  1880  Mr.  Bulkeley  was  elected 
mayor  of  Hartford,  and  served  four  years,  and  was  governor  of  Con- 
necticut from  1888  to  1892.  He  takts  an  active  interest  in  politics  and 
is  connected  as  director  with  several  financial  and  manufacturing  cor- 
porations of  Connecticut. 

Salloeky  A.  George,  president  of  the  State  Mutual  Life  assurance 
company  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  was  born  at  Enfield,  Conn.,  June  2, 
1847,  and  was  graduated  from  Harvard  University  in  1868.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  the  bur  of  Worcester  county  until  1883,  when  he 
was  elecled  president  of  the  State  Mutual  to  succeed  his  father,  Ex-Gov. 
Bullock,  who  died  a  few  months  before. 


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50  Galbf,  Bkn.  8. 

^wBance,  Jonathan  B.,  president  of  the  Ph(PDiz  Mutual  Life  insur- 
ance company  of  Hartford,  was  born  in  that  city  in  1832.  He  re- 
ceived bis  early  business  training  in  the  city  of  New  York,  but  in  1860 
he  was  in  the  wool  business  in  Hartford  and  continued  in  it  some 
fifteen  years.  In  1872  he  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Phcrnix  Mutual, 
and  upon  his  retirement  from  mercantile  life  in  1875,  vice-president  of 
the  company.  In  1889,  upon  the  reorganization  of  the  management  of 
the  company,  Mr.  Bunce  was  elected  president. 

Bnrch,  Thomas  Ross,  western  and  southern  general  agent  for  the 
Phenix  of  Brooklyn  [see  Death  Roll].  July  15,  1892,  Eugene  Har- 
beck  became  successor  to  Mr.  Burch. 

Bnrdick,  Charles  W.,  state  auditor  and  ex  officio  insurance  com- 
missioner of  Wyoming,  was  elected  to  this  ofilce  in  1890.  His  only 
previous  public  service  was  as  a  member  of  the  upper  house  of  the 
Wyoming  territorial  legislature. 

Bnive,  Lorenzo  W.,  of  L.  Burge,  Hayes  &  Co.,  fire  insurance 
agents,  Boston,  Mass.  [sec  Death  Roll]. 

Bnrford,  George  H.,  president  of  the  United  States  Life  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  bom  at  Baltimore,  Md..  March  20,  1848. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Brevoort  Fire 
insurance  company  of  New  York  as  a  clerk,  and  there  he  continued 
until  1866  when  he  secured  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the  United 
States  Life.  He  has  risen  by  successive  steps  to  the  presidency.  He 
was  appointed  actuary  in  1877  and  succeeded  Mr.  Brosnan  as  president 
in  1886. 

Burnett^  George  H.,  general  manager  of  the  North  British  and 
Mercantile  msurance  company,  was  born  in  London  in  1836.  He 
entered  the  service  of  the  Northern  in  1854,  and  resigned  in  1861  to 
take  an  appointment  as  forei£:n  clerk  in  the  Mercantile,  and  was  soon 
after,  on  its  amalgamation  with  the  North  British,  appointed  superin- 
tendent of  the  foreign  fire  department.  He  was  afterwards  advanced 
to  the  management  of  the  company. 

*Bart,  Charles  R.,  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Fire  insurance 
company,  was  born  in  Hartford  in  1845,  and  has  pursued  his  entire 
business  career  in  that  city.  In  1865  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Connecticut  as  a  clerk,  though  for  several  years  prior  to  that  time  he 
was  actively  connected  with  the  local  agency  of  the  company.  After 
two  years  as  clerk,  he  was,  in  December,  1867,  made  assistant  secretary 
and  m  January,  1873,  he  was  advanced  to  the  secretaryship. 

o 

Caledonian  insurance  company  of  Edinburgh,  selected  in  April, 
1892,  the  Niagara  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York  to  manage 
its  United  States  business,  except  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Henry  W. 
Brown  of  Philadelphia,  the  late  United  States  manager  of  the  Cale- 
donian, was  appointed  a  trustee  of  the  United  Slates  branch. 

Calef,  Ben.  S.,  is  a  native  of  Maine,  and  was  educated  at  Salem. 
Mass.  For  some  years  he  was  in  an  iuipurtiug  house  in  the  city  of 
New  York.    When  the  civil  war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth 


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Cafital,  Ingbbasb  and  Reduction  of.  51 

regiment,  New  York  State  militia,  and  marched  to  the  front.  Later 
he  served  on  the  staff  of  General  Binney  of  the  third  army  corps, 
where  he  obtained  the  rank  of  major.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness.  Going  to  Boston  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
he  again  engaged  in  the  importing  business,  but  in  1872  he  became 
interested  in  life  insurance  and  served  successively  with  the  United 
States  Life,  the  Mutual  Life,  the  New  York  Life,  and  the  Manhattan 
Life.  He  now  represents  the  latter  company  in  Boston  as  its  New 
England  general  agent.  Major  Calef  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Boston  Life  Underwriters  association  and  its  second  president. 

California  insurance  company  of  San  Francisco  reinsured  its  cen- 
tral department  risks  in  the  Home  of  New  York  and  the  remainder  of 
itfl  risks  in  the  Fireman's  Fund  of  San  Francisco,  in  April,  1892,  and 
retired  from  business. 

California  Insnrance  Report  for  1892.  The  twenty-fourth 
annual  report  named  the  following  admissions  to  the  state  during  the 
preceding  year,  1891.  United  Firemen's,  Jersey  City,  Armstrong  Fii-e, 
Royal  Exchange,  Palatine,  New  York  Bowerv,  Delaware,  Queen, 
United  States  Lloyds,  New  York  Plate  Glass,  and  Commercial  Alliance 
Life.  Three  California  companies,  the  Alta,  Commercial,  and  Southern 
California,  discontinued  business,  and  two  companies,  the  Liberty 
of  New  York  and  Queen  of  Liverpool,  withdrew. 

The  receipts  of  the  insurance  department  in  1891  were  $32,188  and 
the  expenditures  $6,693. 

California,  Insnrance  Supervision  in,  1868-1898.  The  insur- 
ance department  of  California  was  organized  in  1868.  The  title  of  the 
officer  in  charge  is  insurance  commissioner ;  he  is  appointed  b^  the 
governor  and  his  term  of  office  is  for  four  years.  The  commissioners 
have  been  as  follows  : 

George  W.  Mowe, May     6,  ISS^-April    1,1872 

J.  W:  Foard April    1,  1872-April    8,1878 

J.  C.  Maynard,      .        .        .  ♦    .  .  April    8,  18r8-Aprll    8, 1883 

George  A.  Knight April    8, 1882-April  19,  1886 

J.  C.  L.  Wadsworth April  19,  1886-Apnl    8,  1890 

J.  N.  E.  Wilson, April    8,1890- 

Mr.  Wilson  is  the  present  commissioner,  his  term  expiring  in  April, 
1894.  His  successor  will  be  M.  R.  Higgins,  who  was  appointed  by  the 
governor  in  March,  1898.  M.  M.  Kohrer  is  the  present  deputy 
commissioner. 

Callinghani,  William  J.,  general  agent  of  the  Scottish  Union  and 
National  insurance  company  for  the  Pacific  coast,  is  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, where  he  was  educated  and  began  his  business  career  in  a  whole- 
sale importing  house.  In  1862  be  migrated  to  British  Columbia,  and 
1867  found  him  in  San  Francisco.  He  represented  several  important 
fire  insurance  companies  successively,  and  in  1881  received  the  appoint- 
ment to  the  general  agency  of  the  City  of  London  Fire  for  the  JPacific 
coast,  and  the  agency  continued  with  him  until  the  company's  absorp- 
tion by  the  Palatine.  lie  was  appointed  general  agent  tor  the  Pacific 
coast  of  the  Scottish  Union  and  National,  January  1,  1889,  and  now 
has  charge  of  the  business  there  of  that  company. 

Capital,  Increase  and  Reduction  of^  in  1892 :  The  Western  of 
Toronto,  during  the  year  Increased  its  capital  from  $1,000,000  to  $1,- 


53  Cabb,  Chablbs  Ltman. 

200,000,  and  the  Peoples  Fin  of  New  Hampshire  from  $860,000  io 
$500,000.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Fidelity  of  Cincinnati  dropped  from 
$200,000  to  $100,000,  and  the  New  York  Bowery  Fire  from  $300,000 
to  $200,000. 

CaroUnas.  Life  Insurance  Association  of  the.  [Bee  Life  Insur- 
ance Association  of  the  Carolinas.] 

Carpenter,  Edwin  W.,  general  a^nt  of  the  Royal  and  Norwich 
Union  iot  the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  m  Fox  borough,  Mass.,  April  21, 
1841.  He  was  graduated  in  1864  from  the  Shefileld  Scientific  school 
at  Yale  College.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  at  Helena,  Mont.,  at  which  place  he  resided  until  1875. 
During  that  time  he  was  alternately  newspaper  editor,  county  treasurer, 
superintendent  of  public  schools,  and  local  agent  for  several  insurance 
companies.  He  issued  the  first  insurance  policy  written  in  Montana. 
He  became  the  special  agent  of  the  Fireman's  Fund  in  1875,  and  later 
assistant  secretary  of  that  company,  which  position  he  resigned  in 
1887  to  take  the  management  of  the  two  British  companies.  Mr. 
Carpenter  is  a  frequent  writer  for  the  msgazines  and  is  a  clever  paro- 
dist in  verse. 

Carpenter,  George  N.,  manager  for  eastern  Massachusetts  of  the 
Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  insurance  company,  was  bom  at  Northfield, 
Vt.,  January  26,  1840.  He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Vermont  in  1861,  and  at  once  joined  the  Union  army,  serving  through- 
out the  war.  He  entered  the  life  insurance  business  in  1867  in  connec- 
tion with  the  National  Life  of  the  U.  S.  A.  Subsequently  he  was 
with  the  Union  Mutual  Life  for  Uiree  years,  and  for  the  past  thirteen 
years  with  the  Massachusetts  Mutual.  Mr.  Carpenter  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Boston  Life  Underwriters  Association  and  its  presi- 
dent, and  he  was  the  first  president  of  the  National  Association  of  Life 
Underwriters. 

Cary,  Eugene,  manager  of  the  western  department  of  the  Qerman 
American  insurance  company  of  New  York,  was  born  on  an  Erie  county 
farm  in  New  York,  February  20, 1835.  In  youth  he  taught  school  and 
afterwards  studied  law.  He  was  district  attorney  at  Sheboygan,  Wis., 
in  1856,  and  when  but  twenty -two  years  old  was  elected  county  judee 
of  Sheboygan  county.  He  went  to  the  war  in  1861  as  captain  in  the 
First  Wisconsin,  and  was  afterwards  judge  advocate  in  the  army  of  the 
Cumberland.  After  the  war,  settling  in  Tennessee,  he  was  for  some 
time  state  agent  of  the  ^tna,  at  the  same  time  serving  in  the  state 
senate.  He  went  to  Chicago  in  1871  to  take  the  western  management 
for  the  Imperial,  and  in  1873  transferred  his  services  to  the  German- 
American.  '  In  1883  Judge  Cary  was  the  Republican  candidate  for 
mayor  of  Chicago. 

»>€ase,  Charles  Lyman,  was  appointed  United  States  branch  man- 
ager of  the  London  Assurance  Corporation  in  December,  1892,  suc- 
ceeding George  H.  Marks,  resigned. 

Mr.  Case  was  born  at  Chelsea,  Mass.,  in  1850.  After  a  clerkship 
in  a  Boston  book  store,  he  went,  in  1870,  to  Chicago,  ill.,  and  entered 
the  insurance  agency  office  of  C.  H.  Case  &  Co.  His  field  service  be- 
gan in  1872  with  the  Insurance  Company  of  North  America,  and  sub- 
sequently he  represented  the  Pennsylvania  Fire  in  a  similar  positioq. 


CHtcAeo  Board  of  Undbrwbiterb.  63 

Id  1877  he  established  a  ]oca1  agency  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  with  one  of  his 
brothers.  He  returned  to  Chicago  in  1887  totake  the  western  manage- 
ment of  the  London  Assurance  Corporation,  and  succeeded  to  the 
United  States  management  on  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Marks  in  1892, 
removing  from  Chicago  to  the  branch  headquarters  at  New  York. 

Census  Statistics  of  Insurance.  [See  Insurance  Statistics,  Cen- 
sus Reports  of.] 

Central  City  insurance  company  of  Selma,  Ala.,  reinsured  its 
business  in  the  Hartford  Fire,  June  28,  1892.  This  company  was  or- 
ganized in  1863  with  a  cash  capital  of  $100,000.  It  retired  from  busi- 
ness solvent,  but  because  the  future  of  fire  insurance  was  unpromising. 

Charter  Oak  Life  Reeeiyershlp.  On  May  14, 1892,  the  receivers 
of  the  Charter  Oak  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford  began  pay- 
ing out  $454,000,  being  the  first  dividend  of  fifteen  per  cent,  to 
claimants.  The  total  amount  of  funds  on  hand  October  1,  1892,  was 
$67,985,  and  April  1,  1898,  was  $52,529.  The  expenditures  of  the 
receivership  in  the  six  months  ending  April  1,  1893,  were  $5,456,  of 
which  $2,600  went  to  the  two  receivers  to  pay  their  quarter's  salaries. 
^^  Chase,  George  L«.  president  of  the  Hartford  Fire  insurance  com- 
pany, was  bom  at  Milibury,  Mass.,  January  18,  1828.  His  father  was 
a  farmer.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began  his  business  career  as  the 
agent  of  the  Farmers  Mutual  Fire  insurance  company  of  Georgetown, 
and  traveled  with  a  horse  and  buggy  through  southern  Massachusetts 
and  eastern  Connecticut  taking  risks.  In  1848  he  was  appointed 
traveling  agent  of  the  Peoples  of  Worcester,  a  position  he  held  until  * 
1852,  when  he  was  appointed  assistant  superintendent  of  the  Central 
Ohio  railroad.  He  was  soon  advanced  to  the  position  of  superinten- 
dent, and  was  one  of  the  five  railroad  superintendents  who  met  in 
Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1853,  and  formed  the  first  association  of  railroad 
superintendents  in  the  United  States.    In  1855  he  became  the  western 

general  agent  of  the  New  England  insurance  company  of  Hartford, 
e  remained  with  the  New  England  until  1863,  when  he  received  the 
appointment  of  assistant  general  agent  of  the  Hartford  Fire,  and  in 
1867  was  elected  itspresident,  and  has  been  for  the  past  twenty-fi.ve 
years  a  resident  of  Hartford.  In  1876,  Mr  Chase  was  president  of  the 
X^ational  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

The  fire  and  life  underwriters  of  Hartford  gave  a  reception  to  Mr. 
Chase,  June  15,  1892,  on  the  completion  of  the  twentv-flftn  year  of  his 
service  as  president  of  the  Hartford  Fire.  Congratulations  and  remi- 
niscential  speeches  were  made  by  President  Skilton  and  ex-Vice-Presi- 
dent  Jillson  of  the  Phoenix,  General  Agent  Abram  Williams  of  the 
Connecticut,  Secretary  Bayne  of  the  uEtna,  and  President  Whitine  of 
the  Orient.  A  solid  silver  loving  cup,  manufactured  for  the  occasion, 
was  presented  by  the  secretaries  and  general  and  special  agents  of  the 
home  office,  to  Mr.  Chase. 

Chicago  Board  of  Underwriters:  The  first  board  of  under- 
writers of  Chicago  was  organized  in  1849.  W.  Dole,  who  represented 
a  company  now  long  defunct,  the  Columbus  insurance  company  of 
Ohio,  was  the  first  president,  and  John  C.  Dodge  was  secretary. 
After  this  organization  fell  to  pieces  another  board  was  formed  in 
1866,  with  the  pioneer  insurance  man  of  Chicago,  Gurden  S.  Hubbard 


54  Chicago  Life  Insurakcb  Club. 

of  the  iEtna  as  president,  and  J.  Kearney  Rodgers  as  secretary  and 
surveyor.  1q  1861  this  organixation  was  duly  iacorporated  by  the 
legislature  as  the  Chicago  Board  of  Underwriters. 

Following  the  great  lire,  the  board  was  reorganized  February  22, 
1872,  with  8.  M.  Moore  as  president,  Gen.  A.  C.  Ducat,  vice-president, 
J.  Goodwin,  Jr.,  treasurer,  and  Alfred  Wright,  secretary.  The  career 
of  the  board  was  undisturbed  until  1880,  when,  because  of  violent  in- 
ternal dissensions,  a  number  of  members  withdrew,  and  on  January  27 
started  a  rival  organization  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  the  Un- 
derwriters Exchange.  The  first  officers  were  Robert  J.  Smith,  presi- 
dent, William  E.  Hollo,  vice-president,  and  R.  N.  Trimmingham,  sec- 
retary. The  two  bodies  continued  their  labors  on  parallel  lines  for 
five  years,  sometimes  in  harmony,  but  more  often  in  hostility,  until 
in  1885,  after  repeated  efforts,  a  union  of  forces  was  effected.  A  new 
organization  was  created,  the  Chicago  Fire  Underwriters  Association, 
and  into  this  the  Exchange  was  merged  and  ceased  to  exist.  The 
board  members  also  became  members  of  the  association,  but  the  board 
of  underwriters  was  continued,  shorn  of  all  its  executive  powers  ex- 
cept that  of  supervision  of  the  fire  patrol.  This  was  done  to  comply 
with  the  state  law,  which  authorized  the  organization  of  the  fire 
patrol.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  board,  held  January  7,  1892,  the 
officers  elected  were  as  follows  :  R.  W.  Hosmer,  president ;  Frederick 
S.  James,  vice-president ;  J.  U.  Moore,  treasurer,  and  T.  A.  Bowden, 
secretary. 

Chicago  Firo  Underwriters^  Association  was  orgaaiied  Im  18B5. 
*rSee  Chicago  Board  of  Underwriters.]  It  ham  Uie  sapervision  of  the 
fire  insurance  business  in  Chicago  and  Cook  county.  At  the  annual 
meeting  January  14,  1892,  tbe  following  officers  were  elected : 
President,  James  Ayars ;  Ticepresident. C.  R.  Hopkins ;  secretary,  R. 
N.  Trimmingham  ;  tnasurer,  O.  W.  Barrett ;  superintendent  of  sur- 
veys, T.  A.  Bowden.  The  present  officers  elected  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing, Jannaiy  12,  1893.  are  the  same  except  that  S.  A.  Rothermel  is 
vice-president.  The  trustees  are  James  Ayars,  8.  A.  Rothermel,  O. 
W.  Barrett,  Thomas  Goodman,  and  Robert  J.  Smith.  The  following 
are  the  standing  committees  : 

^miw<^  — Kdward  M.  Teall,  John  Critchell,  Stanley  Fleetwood,  S.  A.  ITanrey,  E.  E. 
Barnard. 

IfUfpectUm  — John  J.  Janes,  Frank  P.  Sheldon,  H.  J.  Ullman,  M.  J.  Naghten,  Carl 
Hanckc'. 

Patent  Device  — O.  E.  Affcld,  A.  W.  Peck,  Clarence  Pellet. 

Cook  County  Compact  — i:h&T\et^  W.  Drew,  CM.  Rogers,  A.  H.  Darrow,  P.  P. 
Fisber,  W.  U.  Marsh. 

Cliicago  insurance  company  of  Chicago,  111.,  was  licensed  to  do 
business  by  the  Illinois  auditor  of  public  accounts  October  26,  1892. 
The  company's  capital  was  $100,000,  and  its  first  officers  Charles  Coun- 
cilman, president,  and  J.  I.  Rardon,  secretary. 

Chicago  Life  Insurance  Cinb  was  incorporated  in  1892  and  opened 
in  May,  1893,  its  primary  purpose  being  to  provide  a  place  of  entertain- 
ment and  social  intercourse  for  life  insurance  men  of  other  pktces  vis- 
iting Chicago  during  the  World's  exposition.  The  club  apartments 
were  establislied  on  the  seventh  floor  of  the  Masonic  Temple.  A  cafe 
and  dining-room  were  attached.    The  means  for  establishing  the  club 


Digitized  by 


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Clark,  William  B.  55 

were  provided  by  the  life  insurance  companies.  The  officers  are: 
President,  Ben.  Williams ;  first  vice-president,  C.  H.  Ferguson  ; 
second  vice-president,  W.  N.  Sattley  ;  secretary,  J.  A.  Spicer ;  treas- 
urer, C.  A.  Weidenfeller. 

Chieagro  Life  Underwriters'  Association.  [See  Life  Underwrit- 
ers' Association  of  Chicago.] 

Chicago  Mataal  Life  insurance  company  was  organized  for  busi- 
ness December?,  1892,  by  the  election  of  £.  R.  J.  Bennett  as  president, 
J.  O.  Curry,  treasurer,  F.  N.  Pitman,  secretary.  The  capital  was 
$100,000.  A  number  of  prominent  Chicago  busmess  men  backed  the 
enterprise. 

Cincinnati  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters:  At  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  December,  1892,  Captain  Samuel  J.  Hall,  president  of  the  Qlobe, 
was  chosen  president ;  Francis  II.  Cloud,  local  agent  of  the  Phcenix 
of  Hartford,  vice-president,  and  Charles  Marshall  was  re-elected  sec- 
retary. 

Cincinnati  Life  Underwriters*  Association  was  organized  De- 
cember 16,  1890,  the  first  officers  being  :  Charles  £.  Logan,  president ; 
M.  J.  Mack,  vice-president ;  S.  M.  Brandyberry,  treasurer ;  Frank  M. 
Joyce,  secretary.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  1892  the  officers  elected 
were  :  J.  W.  Iredell,  Jr.,  president,  and  R.  D.  Woods,  secretary. 

Citizens  insurance  company  of  Cincinnati  retired  from  business  in 
January,  1892,  its  risks  being  re-insured  by  the  German-American  of 
New  York.  It  was  organized  under  a  special  charter  October  1,  1871, 
with  $100,000  capital,  and  had  done  a  limited  agency  business.  In 
June,  1892,  persons  at  Toledo,  O.,  secured  the  charter  of  the  company, 
and  began  reviving  and  issuing  policies,  with  Frank  Hart,  as  president, 
J.  R.  £lderkin,  as  secretary.  Subsequently  it  was  bought  by  an 
alleged  English  syndicate  represented  by  George  E.  Bobbins,  who  is 
manager.    It  does  a  ''surplus  line "  business, 

City  of  London  insurance  company  of  England  retired  from  busi- 
ness in  the  United  States,  except  in  Texas  and  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
January  1,  1892.  It  also  retired  from  business  at  home  later,  the 
Palatine  of  Manchester  re-insuring  all  its  risks  there  and  in  the 
United  States. 

Clarke,  L.  Walter,  assistant  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Fire 
insurance  company,  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Cornwall,  Conn.,  which  he 
left  to  engage  in  mercantile  business  in  1856.  Nine  years  later  he  be- 
came specif  agent  for  the  Home  of  New  Haven.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  vice-president  of  the  Enterprise  of  Philadelphia,  ^hich  was 
shortly  afterwards  burned  up  in  the  Chicago  fire.  During  a  part  of 
years  1871  and  1872  Mr.  Clarke  represented  the  Springfield  Fire  and 
Marine  as  special  agent,  and  resigned  to  become  president  of  the  Meri- 
den  Fire,  with  which  company  he  remained  until  1881,  when  he  joined 
the  Connecticut,  as  assistant  secretary. 

]iark,  William  B.,  was  elected  president  of  the  JStna  insurance 
company  of  Hartford,  November  80,  1892,  to  succeed  the  late  Jotham 
Goodnow.  Mr.  Clark  was  born  at  Hartford  in  June,  1841.  When  six- 
teen years  old  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Phcenix  insurance  company  as 
bookkeeper,  and  he  remained  with  that  company  eleven  years,  the  last 


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5tf  CO-INSURANCE  ClAUBB  IN   FiRB  UnDBRWRITINO. 

four  as  iU  secretary.  Mr.  Clark  joined  the  iStna  in  1868,  as  assistant 
secretary.  He  wan  elected  vice-president  in  September,  1888,  and  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Qoodnow  as  president  in  1892. 

Clereland  Life  Underwriters  Association  was  organized  in 
May,  1889.  The  original  officers  were  :  F.  A.  Kendall,  president ; 
J.  W.  Lee  and  W.  B.  Uillman,  vice-presidents  ;  J.  C.  Trask,  secretary  ; 
O.  N.  Oimstead,  treasurer.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  association. 
May  7,  1898,  officers  were  elected  as  follows  :  President,  W.  M.  Wood- 
ruff of  the  Manhattan  ;  vice-presidents,  H.  W.  Power  of  the  Travel- 
ers, and  M.  A.  Marks  of  the  Northwestern  Mutual ;  secretary,  8.  8. 
Saffold  of  the  Provident  Life  and  Trust ;  treasurer,  O.  N.  Oimstead 
of  the  National ;  executive  committee,  R.  D.  Bokum  of  the  New 
York  Life ;  C.  E.  Holt  of  the  Mutual  Benefit ;  Dr.  C.  A.  Lawton  of 
the  Mutual  Life  ;  J.  M.  Crane  of  the  Pacific  Mutual,  and  J.  W.  Ells- 
worth of  the  Union  Mutual.  At  the  annual  banquet  of  the  associa- 
tion. President  Woodruff  presiding.  Rev.  Dr.  Thwing.  Vice-President 
Scott  of  the  Equitable  Life,  Col.  Ransom  of  Boston,  Gen.  M.  D.  Leg- 

£jtt.  Dr.  H.  J.  Herrick,  T.  M.  Irvine,  S.  S.  Saffold  of  the  Provident 
ife  and  Trust,  John  A.  Finch  of  Indianapolis.  ex-President  Tilling- 
hast,  and  Capt.  F.  A.  Kendall,  made  speeches.  The  present  officers  of 
the  association,  who  were  elected  May  6,  1893,  are  :  F.  A.  Kendall, 
president;  Dr.  C.  A.  Lawton,  vice-president;  R.  I). -Bokum,  second 
vice-president ;  Charles  E.  Holt,  secretary ;  O.  N.  Oimstead,  treas- 
urer ;  Frank  8.  Ford,  John  Thomas,  M.  A.  Marks,  J.  C.  Trask,  and 
8.  8.  Safford,  executive  committee. 

^»  dunes,  James,  manager  of  the  fire  department  of  the  London 
Assurance  Corporation  at  the  home  office,  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  and 
about  46  years  of  age.  In  1861  he  entered  the  Edinburgh  office  of  the 
Alliance,  and  serving  an  apprenticeship  there  was  transferred  to  the 
foreign  department  in  London,  where  he  remained  some  years.  He 
was  then  sent  to  Scotland  as  chief  clerk  and  surveyor,  was  afterwards 

,  made  the  company's  manager  in  Scotland.  In  1881  he  was  appointed 
sub  manager  at  the  head  office  of  the  Commercial  Union,  and  this  was 
succeeded  by  his  appointment  as  manager  of  the  fire  department  of 
the  London  Assurance. 

Co-Insurance  Clause  in  Fire  Underwriting :  The  eighty  per 
cent.  CO  insurance  clause  was  ordered  on  all  rated  risks  in  the  metro- 
politan district  by  the  Tariff  Association  of  New  York  [which  see], 
on  April  21,  1892.  It  went  into  force  in  Philadelphia  concurrent  with 
an  advance  of  twenty  per  cent,  in  rates  on  all  rated  risks,  May  24. 
[See  Philadelphia  Fire  Insurance  Rates.]  On  June  10,  in  Chicago 
and  Cook  county,  it  was  made  to  apply  to  all  rates  "except  those 
covering  on  rents,  leaseholds,  dwellings,  household  furniture,  buildings 
occupied  for  flats  and  bams  within  the  territory  mentioned,  and  except 
buildings  occupied  for  stores  on  the  grade  floor,  and  for  dwellings,  pri- 
vate boarding  houses,  and  halls  without  scenery,  with  their  contents, 
(except  stocks  which  are  subject  to  80  per  cent.),  in  the  district  south 
of  Harrison  street  and  north  and  west  of  the  Chicago  river." 

The  clause  went  into  effect  in  Detroit,  July  15,  Milwaukee, 
November  16,  and  Newark,  N.  J..  December  1.  It  was  adopted 
by  the  Boston  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  November  8,  on  all  risks 


ioogle 


Co-Insurawcb  Clause  DepineI).  St 

except  those  not  specifically  rated  and  such  as  demand  a  larger  per- 
centage of  insurance  than  eighty  per  cent.  The  form  prescribed  was 
as  follows  : 

It  is  a  part  of  the  consideration  for  this  policy,  and  the  basis  upon  which  the  rate 
of  premiam  is  fixed,  that  the  assared  shall  maintain  insurance  on  the  property  described 
by  Ibis  policy,  to  the  extent  of  at  least  eighty  (80)  per  cent,  of  the  actual  cash  value 
thereof,  and  that  failing  so  to  do,  the  assured  shall  be  an  insurer  to  the  extent  of  such 
deficit,  and  to  tbat  extent  shall  beiar  his,  her,  or  their  proportion  of  any  loss  that  may 
happen  to  said  property.    Provided,  however,  that  in  the  adjustment  of  any  loss  or  dam- 


age oy  fire  on  stock  or  merchandise,  no  inventorv  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the 
application  of  the  foregoing  clause  shall  be  required,  unless  the  amount  of  damage  is 
at  least  five  (6)  per  cent,  of  the  amount  of  insurance  on  such  stock  or  merchandise. 


The  New  England  Insurance  Exchange  followed  by  the  appli- 
cation of  the  eighty  per  cent,  co-insurance  clause,  on  certain  risks,  in 
all  places  within  its  jurisdiction  on  December  3.  [See  New  England 
Insurance  Exchange.]  The  application  of  the  clause  created,  among 
a  part  of  the  insured  in  many  places,  considerable  dissatisfaction, 
which  was  fostered  by  the  daily  press,  but  this  was  the  result  of  mis- 
understanding, and  a  better  feeling  prevailed  when  the  nature  and 
operation  of  the  clause  was  explained. 

THB  CO-INSURANCE  CLAUSE  DEFINED. 

What  is  known  in  the  United  States  as  "  co  insurance "  has  been 
common  to  marine  underwriting  under  the  name  of  "average,"  from 
the  earliest  knowledge  we  have  of  insurance.  The  principle  Involved 
is  tbat  of  a  common  peril  shared  by  all  interested.  If  any  portion  of 
a  cargo  was  jettisoned  in  order  to  save  the  rest,  or  if  the  whole  cargo 
was  thrown  overboard  to  save  the  ship,  all  whose  interests  were  im- 
perilled contributed  to  make  ^ood  the  loss.  In  fire  insurance  the 
principle  is  applied  to  all  policies  issued  in  France,  Belgium,  Germany, 
and  Russia.  It  is  used  in  fioating  policies  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and 
in  English  policies  in  Egypt,  India,  China,  and  Japan.  It  has  been 
used  in  a  desultory  fashion  in  the  United  States,  at  different  times,  but 
it  is  only  within  the  year  that  a  serious  attempt  has  been  made  to  ap- 
ply co-insurance  universally  to  fire  insurance  policies  in  this  country. 

The  principle  is  that  the  entire  property  at  risk  should  bear  the  bur- 
den of  the  loss  of  any  part  of  it.  That  can  only  be  done  when  the 
property  is  either  fully  insured  or  is  totally  destroyed.  The  co-insur- 
ance clause  is  only  operative  in  partial  losses,  which  are  a  large  per- 
centa^  of  the  fire  losses.  In  these  cases  the  owner  contracts  that  he 
will  either  carry  insurance  to  the  limit  required,  or  himself  become  a 
CO  insurer  for  the  deficiency.  Without  this  clause  the  underwriter  can- 
not intelligently  rate  any  risk.  Property  worth  ten  thousand  dollars 
and  insured  for  ten  thousand  dollars  is  a  very  different  risk  from  the 
same  property  insured  for  one  thousand.  In  the  one  case  the  destruc- 
tion of  one-tenth  of  the  property  means  a  ten  per  cent,  loss,  and  in  the 
other  case  it  means  a  total  loss.  The  two  risks  cannot  properly  be 
written  at  the  same  rate  because  they  do  not  involve  the  same  hazard. 
The  effect  of  the  universal  application  of  the  principle  would  be  that 
the  amount  of  insurance  would  be  somewhat  increased,  the  premium 
rate  would  be  reduced,  while  rates  would  be  equalized  as  between  the 
owners  who  have  heretofore  carried  partial  insurance  and  those  who 
have  carried  full  insurance.  For  some  reason,  which  it  would  be  difli- 
cult  to  explain,  except  upon  the  hypothesis  that  the  property-owner 
4  .,..,..... ^.^ 


58  Colorado  Insurance  Report. 

does  not  know  the  exact  yalue  of  his  property,  but  that  he  ought  to  be 
able  to  guess  within  a  named  percentaore  of  it,  the  clause  which  is  now 
coming  into  quite  general  use  in  the  United  States,  is  known  as  the 
"percentage  coinsurance  clause,"  and  in  the  standard  forms  of 
policies  reads  : 

If  at  the  time  of  Are  the  whole  tmoont  of  Inturmnce  un  the  property  corered  by 
this  policy  shall  be  leM  than  per  cent,  of  the  actaal  cash  raiQe  thereof,  this 

company  shall  in  caae  of  loss  or  damage  be  liable  for  only  such  portion  of  soch  loss  or 
damaf^e  aa  the  aoMunt  insared  by  this  policy  shall  bear  to  the  said  per  cent, 

of  the  actual  cash  value  of  soch  property. 

The  French  clause  translated  reads  : 

If  at  the  time  of  a  Are  the  valne  of  the  objects  corered  by  the  policy  Is  found  to 
exceed  the  total  of  the  insurance,  the  assured  is  considered  as  haring  remained  his  own 
insunir  for  that  excess,  and  he  is  to  bear  in  that  character  his  proportion  of  the  loss. 

The  German  clause  employed  is  : 

If  in  case  of  a  Are  the  Insared  oblects  should  exceed  the  sum  insured,  and  they 
Hhoukl  be  partly  saved,  the  aiwured  will  be  considered  as  self-insarer  for  the  excess,  and 
in  to  bear  his  shan;  of  the  Ions  pro  rata. 

The  use  of  the  coinsurance  or  average  clause,  was  made  obligatory 
in  Qreat  Britain  on  floating  policies,  in  1828  (see  Walford's  Cyclopedia), 
but  the  clause  adopted  was  a  long  one.  It  can  be  found  on  pages 
232-3,  vol.  L 

Coit,  George  M.,  assistant  manager  of  the  Royal  insurance  com- 
pany of  Liverpool,  at  the  New  York  branch  office,  was  born  at  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  July  8,  1838.  His  first  acquaintance  with  active  busi- 
ness was  as  a  clerk  in  a  Fall  River  bank,  to  which  he  added  a  like 
experience  in  a  Hartford  bank.  In  June,  1864,  he  was  appointed  sec- 
retary of  the  Hartford  Fire  insurance  company  and  served  until  1870. 
when  he  was  translated  to  New  York  city  to  represent  the  company 
and  other  Hartford  companies  there.  In  January,  1889,  the  metropol- 
itan department  of  the  Hartford  Fire  was  established,  and  he  was 
appointed  its  manager.  On  November  1, 1891,  he  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment to  the  Royal.  Mr.  Coit  was  president  of  the  New  York  Board 
of  Fire  Underwriters  in  1888  and  1889.  He  is  a  vestryman  of  Trinity 
church.  New  York. 

Coke,  OctRviiis,  secretary  of  state  of  North  Carolina,  having 
supervision  of  insurance,  is  a  native  of  that  state  and  was  born 
October  4,  1840.  Mr.  Coke  Is  a  lawyer  by  profession  and  likewise 
cultivates  a  farm.  He  has  been  state  senator  and  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  state  committee. 

Colling,  C.  B»,  state  treasurer  of  Florida,  having  supervision  of  in- 
surance, was  born  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  January  11,  1849.  Mr.  Collins 
was  for  some  years  a  banker  in  Texas,  but  he  removed  to  Florida  and 
is  now  a  fruit  grower  in  that  flourishing  state.  He  is  a  prominent 
party  man  and  was  elected  state  treasurer  in  1892. 

Ciilorado  Insarance  Report  for  1892.  The  tenth  annual  report 
of  the  superintendent  said  that  the  fire  insurance  companies  admitted 
to  the  state  in  1892  were  the  Albany,  Alliance  of  New  York,  Alliance 
of  London,  Balois  of  Switzerland,  Svea  of  Sweden,  Palatine,  Meriden 
Fire,  Delaware,  General  of  London,  and  Queen  of  New  York.  Twenty- 
five  companies  withdrew  or  were  dismissed.  The  Commercial  Alliance 
of  New  York  was  the  only  life  company  newly  admitted. 

.,__/Google 


Columbian  Pire  tNSTTRANCB  Company.  59 

The  text  of  Superintendent  Henderson's  report  was  principally 
given  to  a  statement  of  the  facts  in  the  controversy  between  the  insur- 
ance department  and  the  state  treasurer  backed  by  the  state  attorney- 
general.  Deputy  Superintendent  Hurd  made  an  examination  of  the 
Rnoxyille  Fire  insurance  company  in  its  home  office  in  Tennessee  and 
in  conformity  with  the  custom  which  had  obtained  from  the  founda- 
tion of  the  insurance  department,  presented  a  bill  for  his  expenses  to 
the  state  treasurer.  That  official  refused  to  pay  it  and  produced  the 
opinion  of  the  attorney-general  that  the  insurance  superintendent  had 
no  authority  to  examine  the  condition  of  a  company  outside  the  limits 
of  Colorado.  The  superintendent  thought  this  view  of  the  law  was 
absurd,  since  it  would,  if  enforced,  effectually  prevent  the  examina- 
tion of  any  non-state  company  doing  business  in  the  state,  by  the  de- 
partment. To  settle  the  matter  the  superintendent  applied  to  the  dis- 
trict court  at  Denver  for  a  writ  of  mandamus  against  the  state  treas- 
urer, requiring  him  to  pay  Mr.  Hurd's  bill.  Judge  Graham  in  an 
elaborate  opinion  upheld  the  superintendent  and  granted  the  writ. 
Then  the  defendant  appealed  to  the  court  of  appeal,  where  the  case 
rested  for  the  present. 

The  receipts  of  the  department  during  the  fiscal  year  were  $42,791 
and  the  expenditures  $11,894. 

Colorado  Insurance  Saperrision  in  1SS8-1S98.  The  state  in- 
surance department  of  Colorado  was  organized  in  April,  1888,  the  state 
auditor,  who  is  elected  for  two  years  by  the  people,  being  charged 
under  the  statute  with  the  duties  of  supervision  as  superintendent  of 
insurance.  The  term  of  office  is  for  two  years.  The  superintendents 
have  been: 

John  C.  Abbott, 1883-1885  1  Louis  B.  Schwanbeck 1889-1891 

Hiram  A.  Spruance, 1886-1887     John  M.  Henderson, 1891-1893 

Darwin  P.  Klngsley, 1887-1889  I  P.  M.  Gkxxiykoontz, 1893- 

The  deputy  insurance  commissioner  is  Qeorge  M.  McConaughey. 

Colambla  Life  assurance  company  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  was 
organised  and  began  business  in  1892,  on  the  level  premium  plan. 
The  oi^anizers  were  Dunham  &  Trafford,  the  Rhode  Island  general 
agents  of  the  Equitable  Life.  The  incorporators  were  J.  £.  Golds- 
worthy,  Henry  L.  Trafford,  Allison  W.  Trafford,  Fred  L.  Sawyer, 
Thomas  R.  Burrell,  John  S.  Cranston,  and  Everett  A.  Dunham.  The 
capita]  was  fixed  at  $100,000.  On  May  21,  1892,  the  organization 
was  completed  by  the  election  of  Everett  A.  Dunham  as  president,  H. 
Lester  Trafford,  vice-president,  and  Thomas  R.  Burrell,  secretary.  In 
March,  1898,  the  persons  controlling  this  company  purchased  a  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  Commercial  Alliance  Life  insurance  company 
of  New  York. 

Colnmbian  Fire  insurance  company  of  Louisville  was  the  crea- 
tion of  A.  W.  Hart  of  that  city,  who  secured  the  support  of  a  number 
of  prominent  business  men  in  the  enterprise,  it  being  agreed  that  it 
should  be  a  non-board  company.  The  original  design  was  to  have  a 
large  capital,  but,  this  being  difficult  to  raise,  the  sum  of  $200,000  was 
finally  fixed  upon.  Insurance  agents  in  other  places  were  induced  to 
take  stock  on  the  promise  that  they  should  be  its  representatives. 
Organization  was  effected  October  20,  1892,  and  the  following  direc- 


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60  CoMPAKisB  OF  Uncertain  RsspoNSiBiLrrY. 

tors  were  chosen  :  James  Brown,  auditor  of  New  York  Life  insurance 
company  ;  John  McAnernej,  president  of  the  Seventh  National  bank, 
New  York ;  Elliot  C.  Butler,  of  Bell  &  Butler,  New  York  ;  Bruce 
Haldcman,  Judge  W.  P.  D.  Bush,  J.  A.  Zanone,  and  A.  W.  Hart, 
Louisville  ;  0.  B.  Sullivan,  Harrodsbure ;  M.  L.  Domus,  CarroUton. 
Officers  were  elected  as  follows  :  President,  Judge  W.  P.  D.  Bush  ; 
vice-president,  J.  A.  Zanone ;  general  manager,  A.  W.  Hart ;  secre- 
tary, Henry  W.  Gray,  Jr.;  assistant  secretary,  H.  R.  Bush.  The  com 
pany  began  business  in  Louisville  and  a  number  of  states  on  January 
1,  1893,  entering  other  states  later. 

Colambns,  Oa.,  Life  Underwriters  Association.  [See  Life  Un- 
derwriters Association  of  Columbus.] 

Commissioners  andSopcrintendents  of  Insurance,  List  of.  [See 
Insurance  Departments  and  also  National  Insurance  Commissionen>' 
Convention.] 

Commissions*  Association,  Fire  Underwriters.  [See  Fire  Un- 
derwriters Commissions'  Association.] 

Compacts,  State  Laws  Against.    [See  Anti  Compact  Laws.] 

Companies,  Fire,  Organized  in  1892. 

COMPAXIEB.  PjW^P 

Columbian  Fire,  Lonisvflle, f ^3(X),000 

Iowa  Plre,  Dee  Moinea, SS.OtJO 

Rntland  Fire,  Rutland,  Vt., 100,000 

Total, $825,000 

The  Chicago  insurance  company,  with  |100,000  cash  capital,  filed 
papers  and  elected  officers,  and  there  were  rumors  of  a  Commercial  Fire 
of  Chicago,  with  $200,000  capital.  In  Virginia  the  German  American 
Fire  insurance  company  of  Richmond,  with  "a  maximum  capital"  of 
$100,000,  was  chartered,  and  the  Old  Dominion  Fire  insurance  com- 
pany of  Portsmouth,  with  $100,000  capital,  was  "  mentioned/' 

Undoubtedly  the  most  important  venture  of  the  year  outside  of  the 
joint  stock  circle  was  the  Assurance  Lloyds  of  America,  which  has 
been  started  by  Beecher,  Schenck  &  Co.  [see  Lloyds  J.  The  Atlas 
Mutual  of  Boston,  organized  last  year,  began  business  in  April  of  this. 

Three  companies  which  reinsured  their  business  in  1891  or  1892 
resumed  taking  risks  —  the  Exchange  Fire,  and  New  York  Fire  of 
New  York,  and  the  Citizens  of  Cincinnati. 

Companies  of  Uncertain  Responsibiiity.  The  following  fire 
insurance  companies,  engaged  in  "  underground"  practices,  were  de- 
nounced as  irresponsible  by  state  insurance  departments  or  the  press 
during  1892  : 

Alabama  Fire,  Florence,  Ala.  :  Continental,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Atlaa  F.  and  M.,  Hernando,  Miss.  Crescent,  Cleveland,  O. 

Central  Ohio,  Toledo,  O.  ,  Davenport  Mutual,  Davenport,  la. 

Charleston  F.  and  M.,  Charleston,  W..  Va.     District,  Harpers  Ferry,  W.  Va. 

Citizens,  Cincinnati,  O.  Empire  Fire,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

Citizens,  Toledo,  O.  [  Falrmount.  Philadelphia. 

Columbian  National,  Philadelnhia.  Farmers  and  Mechanics,  Washington,  D.C. 

Columbia  F.  and  M.,  New  Albany,  Miss,  i  Farmers  and  Mechanics,  Alexandria!,  Va. 

Commercial,  MiHsissIppi.  j  Farmers  and  Mechanics,  Mlnersbarg,  Pa, 

Commercial,  Memphis,  Tenn.  I  Franklin.  South  Dakota. 

Commonwealth  Fire,  Montgomery,  W-  Va.  .  Qerman-American,  Richmond,  Va. 


OOHNBCTICDT  InBURAKCB  ReFOBT.  01 


Palmetto,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

PenDBylvaiiia  Mutual,  Columbia,  Pa. 

Protection,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Reliance,  Berkley  Springs,  W.  Va. 

Beserve,  Cleveland,  O. 

Safety  Mutual,  Sioux  City,  la. 

Sandusky,  Toledo,  O. 

SUteof  Virfflnia,  Alez4ndrla,  Va. 

Steedman,  Toledo,  O. 

Susquehanna  Mutual  .Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Traders,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

United  States,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Undem'riters  Mutual,  Sioux  City,  la. 

Washington  F.  and  M.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Washington  Union,  Cleveland,  O. 


German  Exchange,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

Oloucester,  Gloucester  City,  N.  J. 

Home,  n  in  ton,  W.  Va. 

Home,  Tiffin,  O. 

Imperial,  Calcutta,  India. 

Industrial,  Harpers  Ferry,  W.  Va. 

Interstate  Fire,  West  Virginia. 

La  Prevoyante,  Bordeaux,  France. 

Liclia  Exchange,  Martinsbnrg,  W.  Va. 

Lambermen's,  Berkley  Springs,  W.  Va. 

Metropolitan,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Morotock,  Danville,  Va. 

National,  Weston,  W.  Va. 

National  Mutual,  Council  Bluils,  la. 

National  of  North  Carolina. 

Northern  Mutual,  Toledo,  O.  i  Western,  Toledo,  O. 

Old  Dominion.  Portsmouth,  W.  Va.  Wytheville,  Wytheville,  Va. 

Ohio  Valley,  Huntington,  W.  Va.  | 

Connecticut  Insnrance  Report  for  1892.  Part  I  reported  the 
admission  of  the  following  companies  to  the  state  in  1891  :  St.  Paul 
Grerman,  Union  of  London,  Broadway  of  New  York,  Mercantile  of 
Boston,  Queen  of  New  York,  Teutonia  of  New  Orleans,  United  States 
Guarantee,  New  York  Plate  Glass,  New  Jersey  Plate  Glass,  and  the 
Sea  of  Liverpool,  a  marine  company.  Seven  companies  withdrew. 
Itegarding  the  great  increase  in  fire  losses  Commissioner  Fyler  said : 

The  rvmedy  for  this  enormous  fire  waste  it  is  difficult  to  determine;  volumes  have 
been  writt<?n  on  the  subject  without  diminution  of  the  fire  loss.  The  commissioner  is  of 
the  o|>iuion  that  one  of  the  most  prominent  evils  connected  with  the  business  is  that  of 
ov(;r-msurance,  effected  largely  through  those  who  have  nothing  at  strike  in  the  risks 
assumed,  but  nnxious  only  to  secure  commissions  thereon.  It  is  estimated,  and  per- 
haps not  unfairly,  that  thirty-three  per  cent,  of  the  fires  are  directly  or  indirectly  the  re- 
Huft  of  incendiarism,  either  bv  design  or  by  Uidirection.  If  the  truth  could  be  known, 
the  proportion  of  incendiary  flres  would  be  found  enormously  large.  Considerations  of 
tliis  character  have  prompted  the  suggestion  by  underwriters  and  others,  that  the  aS' 
Hured  thems(*lve8  should  assume  a  proportionate  part  of  their  own  loss  by  fire,  as  is  the 
case  in  m»ny  of  the  mutual  companies  at  present.  If  th(;re  was  a  divided  risk  in  all 
cases,  the  insured  taking  a  greater  degree  of  responsibility  and  care  in  guarding  bis 
property  against  the  possibility  of  a  Are,  a  large  reduction  would  be  eflvcted  in  the 
annual  Are  loss.  Perhaps  this  is  best  illustrated  by  the  experience  in  New  Hampshire. 
After  the  passage  of  the  valued-policy  law  all  foreign  com))anie8  retired  from  the  state, 
and  the  entire  Insurance  was  effected  through  domestic  companies. 

It  is  fair  to  presume  that,  with  the  limited  num))er  of  companies  in  the  state,  over- 
Insarance  was  not  a  crying  evil  of  the  time.  From  statistics  taken  from  the  last  an- 
naal  report  of  the  commissioner  of  New  HHm))shire,  I  find  there  were  |)uid  in  losses 
for  the  four  vears  preceding  tlie  passage  of  the  valued-ix)licy  law,  the  sum  of  $1,914,420, 
and  for  the  four  years  Immediately  following,  the  sum  of  $730,111.  In  round  numbers, 
the  risks  written  in  the  latter  period  e.xceed(Mi  the  former  by  fifteen  million  dollars. 

In  reference  to  the  deposits  of  foreign  insurance  companies  the 
connnissioner  said  : 

Section  8845  of  the  general  statutes  provides  : 

No  foreign  insurance  comt)any  shall  take  risks  in  this  state  unl(>ss  it  has  a  cash 
cnpitiil  of  two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  shall  have  made  a  deix>sit  with  the  treas- 
urer of  this  state,  or  with  the  projier  officer  of  some  other  state,  ot  not  less  than  two 
hundred  thousand  dollars  in  the  bonds  of  this  Ptjiti*.  or  of  the  state  of  New  York  or 
Massachusetts,  or  in  bonds  or  nubile  stocks  of  the  uniu-d  States,  in  trust  for  the  ben- 
efit of  its  policy-holders  in  Ihc  United  States  ;  and  no  policy  issued  by  such  company  to 
any  citizen  of  this  state  shall  be  invalidated  by  the  occurrence  of  hostilities  between  the 
government  of  the  United  States  and  the  government  under  the  laws  of  which  it  was 
oiganixed. 

This  statute  was  enartJ**!  when  the  bonds  thiTeIn  enumerated  were  not  difficult  to 
oUtuin,  and  they  commanded  but  little,  if  auv,  premium,  and  th(>  rate  of  interest  was 
^Htl<factory.  At  the  present  time  two  of  tfie  stalt*  in  the  list  have  no  outstanding 
b<;r  !.••,  the  third  has  re<luced  its  iH<«iie  by  al>out  one-half.  Thv.  rapid  payment  of  obliga- 
lions  by  the  United  States  has  reduced  that  class  of  securities  to  less  than  half  of  its 


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92  OoNNBCTicnr  Life  Under writbrs'  Association. 

original  tHHue.  The  demand  for  f^vomment  l)ondB  bjr  tnisteefl  of  e8tate«,  national 
baiilcK.  indivldiialH,  and  corporatioim,  who  reciitfreHeciiritieti  oasy  of  conversion,  renden^ 
thii*  rlaMn  of  bonds  difllcult  to  obtain  at  any  Batinfactory  rate  of  iutereet.  If  the  pre- 
mium demanded  be  taken  into  account,  together  witli  the  final  loae  at  maturity  of  bond, 
the  rate  of  intoret<t  realized  will  be  less  than  three  per  cent 

The  commissioner  recommended  that  this  section  of  the  statute  be 
amended  so  as  to  admit  of  a  wider  ran^e  of  securities  which  com- 
panies from  foreign  countries  may  deposit  for  the  protection  of  their 
policy-holders  in  the  United  States  on  entry  into  this  state. 

Part  II  reported  no  withdrawal  of  life  and  casualty  insurance  com- 

Sanies  from  the  state  in  1892,  and  the  admission  of  two  companies,  the 
[ew  England  Mutual  Life  and  the  Maine  Benefit  Association.  The 
commissioner  denounced  the  endowment  assessment  associations  and 
criticised  adversely  the  growing  practice  of  some  large  companies  of 
doin^  business  in  foreign  countries.  [See  Life  Insurance  Companies. 
Foreign  Business  of.]    On  this  point  the  commissioner  said  : 

It  may  not  be  untimely  to  ffii^gv^eit  that  in  Uie  interest  of  Round  Intmrance  1aws>, 
leKit>lation  will  be  requirtx!  limiting  the  trannactionB  of  American  companies  to  the 
healthy  [K>rtionM  of  the  Americiin  continent,  and  at  the  most  to  thoae  foreign  oonntritti 
whfre  the  law  of  mortality  in  well  ei«tabll»hed  iii)on  reliable  data.  The  practice  that 
now  prevailH  of  churj^iiig  an  extra  premium  in  sucn  conntriei*  as  can  funiimi  no  reliable 
mortality  tablen,  in  onier  U)  meel  the  extra  dctith  raU*  witliout  incurring  at  the  Mune 
time  an  additional  rewrve  to  meet  Mich  additional  liability,  is  not  in  accord  with  piod 
insurance  lawn,  nor  in  it  batHti  upon  correct  iiiHiiraiice  principles.  The  advantage  to  be 
derived  to  the  home  iwlicy-holdkT  iu  an  American  com{>any  writing  fonngn  btisineiw, 
and  ettiM-ciallv  a  butiineKH  concluct4'<i  on  the  mutual  principle,  has  not  yet  bc<*n  t«tisfac- 
torily  itointed  out.  An  advert;  exi>erience  in  countries  where  a  reliable;  mortality  table 
iH  not  extant  might  »(>riouHly  encroach  u|)on  the  finrplu8,  and  by  reducing  dividends 
raise  the  cost  or  the  iuHurance.  The  preHnm)>tion,  to  say  the  least,  is  not  in  favor  of 
the  foreign  businet>s.  BMnally,  is  not  u\e  North  American  continent  a  reasonable  and 
safe  rielcT  in  territory,  in  mortality  es|M'rience,  and  safe  investment^  for  the  display  of 
the  combined  enterprise  of  tfie  .\niericun  life  insunmce  companies  ? 

The  receipts  of  the  Connecticut  insurance  department  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  80,  lb91,  were  |;51.862  and  the  paymenU  $16,994. 
In  twenty-one  years  the  department  had  received  (506,871  more  than 
its  expenditures. 

Connecticnt,  Insaraiice  Snporvision  in,  1865-1898.  The  insur- 
ance department  of  Connecticut  was  established  by  law  July  19, 1865, 
the  insurance  commissioner  being  appointed  by  the  governor  for  three 
years.    The  commissioners  have  been  : 

Benjamin  Noves,     ......  Aug.  23,  1866. 

George  S.  MilUr July  97,  1871. 

John  W.  Stc<lniaD,              .....  July  Sfr,  1874. 

John  W.  Brooks, July  27,  1880. 

Ephraim  WiiliaiiiH,             .....  July  1,  1883. 

().  It.  Fyler  aj)pointed  during  recess  of  the  legislature,  July  1,  1886. 

().  K.  Fyler,  for  a  term  of  four  years,                  .  July  1,1887. 

O.  U.  Fvler,  to  Illl  vacancy  during  reci-ss  of  legislature,  July  1.  IHDl. 

John  S.* Seymour,    ......  March    8,  1893. 

Burton  Mansfield,    ......  April  11,  IS'J.'i. 

Joseph  U.  Sprague  is  actuary,  and  Theron  Upton  chief  clerk  of  the 
department. 

Connecticut  Life  Underwriters^  Association  was  organized 
October  27,  1890.  [For  a  full  account  of  the  first  meeting  and  organiz- 
ation of  the  association,  see  the  Cyclopedia  for  1890,  page  36.]  The 
orticers  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  at  Hartford,  February  2,  1892. 
were  :  President,  A.  11.  Bond  of  iiartford';  firat  vice-president,  H.  A. 


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CoNHKcncuT  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company.  63 

Tyler  of  Harlford ;  second  vice-president,  Eli  D.  Weeks  of  Litchfield  ; 
wcretary,  P.  A.  Thompson  of  Hartford  ;  treasurer,  A.  T.  Richards  of 
Hartford  ;  executiye  committee,  Alexander  Harbison,  Joseph  Schwab, 
J.  L.  Denison,  L.  H.  Tryon,  and  H.  E.  Harrington,  all  of  Hartford 
except  Mr.  Tryon.  At  the  annual  banquet  held  in  Hartford  May  6, 
following,  President  Bond  presided.  Addresses  were  made  by  Mayor 
Hyde  of  Hartford,  President  Allen  of  the  Hartford  Steam  Boiler  in- 
spection and  insurance  company.  Actuary  Sprague  of  the  insurance 
department,  J.  L.  Johnson  of  Springfield,  W.  L.  Richards,  Gen.  Har- 
bison, Dr.  Eli  D.  Weeks  of  Litchfield,  and  Dr.  E.  K.  Root.  The 
present  officers  of  the  association,  who  were  elected  March  22,  1893, 
are  :  President,  Heman  A.  Tyler ;  first  vice-president,  Eli  D.  Weeks  ; 
second  vice-president,  J.  L.  Denison  ;  secretary,  F.  A.  Thompson ; 
treasurer,  A.  T.  Richards.  The  executive  committee  are  :  J.  H.  Lyon, 
Joseph  Schwab,  B.  F.  Ess,  J.  G.  Rathbun,  C.  H.  Bronson. 

Conneeticat  Mutnal  Life  insurance  company  was  chartered  by  the 
<3cueral  Assembly  of  Connecticut  at  the  May  session  in  1846,  and  its 
first  policy  was  issued  December  15  of  the  same  year.  The  company 
began  business  upon  what  was  known  as  the  half-note  plan,  policy- 
holders holding  the  privilege  of  giving  interest-bearing  notes  for  one- 
half  of  each  annual  premium  for  the  first  four  years,  the  notes  to 
stand  as  a  lien  upon  the  policy.  The  company  has  been  purely  mutual 
from  the  beginning,  giving  policy-holders  the  largest  measure  possible 
of  participation  in  the  management.  Its  dividends  were  made  at  first 
upon  the  percentage  plan,  as  were  those  of  all  other  companies. 
Dividends  were  declared  annually  and  paid  three  years  after  tlie  de- 
claration. In  1864  this  was  changed,  and  dividends  were  declared  and 
paid  the  fourth  year  after  the  issuu  of  the  policy.  In  1869  the  dividend 
system  as  regarded  policies,  thereafter  issued,  was  changed  to  the 
"  contribution  plan,"  and  dividends  were  paid  after  one  year. 

Since  1882  the  new  policies  issued  bear  a  reserve  calculated  on  the 
American  table  of  mortality  with  interest  at  3  per  cent.,  which  m- 
creases  the  reserve  $700,000.  Valued  at  the  legal  standard  (A.ciuary'3 
table  4  per  cent.),  the  surplus  would  be  increased  to  $7,128,176.  The 
assets  and  liabilities  in  detail  are: 

ASSETS. 

Loans  upon  real  eetate,  first  lien,     ......  $86,444,759.03 

Loans  apon  stocks  and  bonds,         ......  3K,282.50 

Premlnni  notes  on  policies  In  force,           .....  1,464,376.04 

Cost  of  real  estate  owned  by  the  coimmny,           ....  6,791,381.01 

Cost  of  stocks  and  bonds  owned  by  ine  company,  12,967,687.43 

Cash  in  Bank, 1,840.007.99 

Bills  KeceiTable 961.75 

Interest  accrued  and  due,      .......  947,536.91 

Rentii  accrued,            .                     ...  7,011.91 

Market  value  of  stoclcs  and  bonds  over  cost,         ....  603,136.07 

Net  deferred  quarterly  and  semi-annual  premiums,  166,489.96 

$60,761,550 
LIABILITIES. 
Amount  required  to  Insure  all  outstanding  policies,  net, 

company's  st4Uidard $53,807,047.00 

All  other  lUbOities, 1,037,573.01  $54,384,630 

Surplus,  .......  $6,426,980^ 

Digitized  by  ^-^^  -^  ^^r\  "^ "^ 


64  CONTINKKTAL  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 

Kkckivki)  in  188S. 

For  ptt'DfiiiiiTiH.           ......  $4.G2i,203.S8 

For  intcri!p(  and  rcnlii,          .....  8,168,070.69 

Profit  and  low 94,642.71       S7.8&4,916.73 

DlftBUIWED  IN   180S. 

To  policy-holders: 

For  claims  bv  death,      .....  $3,744,984.75 

For  matured  endownientfi.        ....  423.198.00 

Surplus  ret amed  to  t.dlic.v-hnlden*,     .           .  1.223,61<6.14 

Lapsed  aiid  surrendiTcd  i)olici«  t*,  566,318.89 

Total  paid  policy-holders $5,957,099.78 

ExpentH's: 

Salaries  and  comniit^ions  to  asrnis,  .  854,262.34 
Salaries  of  offleers,  clerkf,  and  all  others  employed 

on  salary, 138,003.17 

Medical  examfners'  fees,           ....  25,421.53 

Printing,  adveriihing,  legal,  real  estate,  and  all  other 

ex(K>nM>s,  ......  280,368.56 

Taxes, 300,160.49       $7,055,315.87 

BUMVART. 

In  the  forty-sevea  years  of  its  existence  the  Connecticut  Mutual  has 

Received  for  premiums,       .....  $173,386,966.66 

Kccelvwl  for  inU-rest  and  rents,      ....  70,907,(580.23 

Received  for  balance  profit  and  loss,  1,143,073.37 

Total  receipts, $246,436,720.25 

It  has 

Paid  out  for  death  losses  and  endowments,  85..54'<,R73.87 

Paid  out  for  dividends, fASftir.Ma.aO 

Paid  out  for  surrendered  policies,  ....       21,131,447.o3 

Total  paid  policy-holders, $157,607,861.60 

Expenses, 21,143.611.94 

Taxes, 7,617,850.97 

Total  disbursements, 186,389,324.51 

Balance,  net  assets,  January  1, 1803,  .  $59,087,895.74 

The  amount  already  returned  to  policy-liolders  or  their  beneficia- 
ries, and  the  net  assets  held  to  protect  present  contracts  exceed  the 
entire  premiums  received  by  $48,259,290.69.  The  expense  ratio  is  8.61 
per  cent.    This  record  has  no  equal  elsewhere. 

At  the  close  of  1892  the  Connecticut  Mutual  had  in  force  65,557 
policies,  insuring  $157,787,802. 

Directors. — Henry  C.  Robinson,  Thomas  Sitson,  Jacob  L.  Greene, 
Frank  W.  Cheney,  William  B.  Franklin,  Edward  M.  Bunce,  James  J. 
Goodwin,  Charles  M.  Beach,  John  M.  Taylor,  Charles  J.  Bishop, 
James  A.  Smith,  William  C.  Skinner. 

Officers. — Jacob  L.  Greene,  president;  John  M.  Taylor,  vice-presi- 
dent; Edward  M.  Bunce,  secretary;  Daniel  H.  Wells,  actuary;  John 
D.  Parker,  assistant  secretary ;  Charles  Hildebrand,  assistant  actuary; 
George  R.  Shepherd,  M.D.,  consulting  physician;  Elisha  Risley,  super- 
intendent of  agencies. 

Continental  insurance  company  of  New  York.  At  the  annual 
meeting,  January  14,  1892,  F.  C.  Moore  was  re-elected  president. 
Henry  Evans  was  elected  vice-president,  E.  Lanning,  secretary,  W.  A. 
Holman,  assistant  secretary,  and  Cyrus  Peck,  treasurer,  the  latter  de- 


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Continental  Life  Keceiyershif.  65 

dining  a  re-election  as  second  yice-president.  The  company  was, 
June,  1892,  re-admitted  to  membership  in  the  National  Board  of  Fire 
Underwriters.  It  had  been  outside  the  organization,  of  which  it  was 
one  of  the  founders,  ten  years.  It  withdrew  in  1882  because  the  board 
declared  "  that  a  strict,  unswerving  adherence  to  'the  fifteen  per  cent, 
commission  rule '  be  considered  an  absolute  condition  of  membership 
in  this  board." 

ContlnentRl  Life  Beeelyership :  The  following  statement,  of  the 
date  of  June  13,  1898,  regarding  the  status  of  the  receivership  of  the 
Continental  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  was  prepared  for  the 
Cyclopedia  by  Messrs.  Lorrin  A.  Cooke  and  John  R.  Buck,  receivers  of 
the  insolvent  company : 

At  the  date  of  the  insolvency  pr(>cccdln^  againint  the  Continental  Life  insurance 
cominny,  and  oar  appointment  as  receivere,  the  quick  anHcts  of  the  company  confiBtc-d 
of  Connecticat  State  BomlH,  $30,000 ;  a  flrnt  mortga^  on  the  property  of  Sharps'  Rifle 
company  of  Bridfpcport,  Conn.,  for  $62,600 ;  and  a  first  mortgage  upon  property  in 
WUHmantic,  Conn.,  for  $16,000. 

ThfHC  had  been  deponiu-d  with  the  state  trea^^urer  of  Conn,  to  constitute  a  fund  of 
$100,000,  for  the  «icnrity  of  policy-holders,  as  required  by  the  statute. 

The  pro|)erty  which  came  into  our  hands  was  made  up,  for  the  most  part,  of  shan>8 
of  stock  in  the'Utic^  Cement  Manufacturing  Co.  of  La  Halle,  111.;  and  certAin  notes 
given  for  unpaid  snbwriptions  to  the  capittiT  stock  of  the  Continental  Life  insurance 
company.  The  cement  stock  was  under  atttichmeiit  in  at  least  a  half  dozen  Huit«  pend- 
ing against  the  company  in  different  localities,  and  a  large  number  of  shares,  in  which 
I  he  estjitc  niieht  have  an  equitable  interest,  were  pltKiged  to  local  banks  as  security  for 
advances  to  tne  insurance  company  amounting  to  netirly  $46,000. 

Soon  after  our  appointm<'nt  the  care  of  the  Sharps'  Rifle  Company's  property  at 
Bridgeport  was  placed  in  our  hands  by  the  officers  of  that  company,  ana  by  consent  of 
the  state  treasurer.  We  found  the  taxes  in  arrears  for  several  years,  and  in  order  to 
get  the  property  in  condition  for  sale  we  were  obliged  to  pay  liens  for  taxes,  fire  insur- 
ance, etc.,  to  a  large  amount.  Meantime  we  secured  tenants  for  the  property  and,  after 
long  negotiation,  succeeded  in  finding  a  cash  purchaser  at  $90,000.  The  proceeds  of  this 
sale  wer(>  tumid  over  to  the  state  treasurer  in  retiring  his  mortgage,  and  the  balance, 
after  payment  of  taxes,  insurance,  etc.,  was  applied  In  the  retirement  of  the  lien  upon 
the  stock  of  the  Uticn  Cement  Company,  hela  ny  local  banks. 

We  have  also  sold  the  Willimantic  property  upon  which  the  state  treasurer  held  a 
mortfnge  of  $15,000  and  have  paid  the  amount  of  that  mortgage  to  the  Treasurer.  So 
that  toe  assets  of  the  estate  at  present  consists  of  cash  and  bonds  in  state  treasurer's 
hands,  $107,500. 

The  principal  asset,  in  addition  to  above,  upon  which  we  have  to  depend  for  funds 
with  which  to  make  a  dividend,  is  the  stock  of  the  Utica  Cement  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany of  La  Salle,  111.,  of  which  the  estate  of  the  Conlincntul  holds  the  controlnng  in- 
tcpCHt.  Pending  a  sale  of  the  stock,  which  we  have  l)een  endeavoring  to  arrange  ever 
since  we  were  aole  to  retire  the  liens  upon  it,  we  have  l)een  obliged  to  manage  the  prop- 
erty and  conduct  the  business.  Fnmi  this  source  we  have  derived  some  income,  which 
has  partly  been  applied  In  n*tiring  liens  upon  the  stock  and  partly  to  the  general  im- 
provement of  the  proiK'rty,  no  that  it  might  be  readily  marketed. 

W^e  estimate  the  imnrovement  of  the  estate  from  our  handling  of  this  matter  in  tliis 
way  to  be  at  \ea»t  $40,000,  which  will  benefit  all  of  the  creditors  when  the  projxirty  i* 
disponed  of  and  the  proceeds  divided. 

The  dividend  which  the  estate  may  ultimately  pay  depends  so  largely  upon  the 
amount  which  may  be  realized  in  a  sale  of  the  cement  property  that,  untif  that  asset  is 
diaposi'd  of,  we  are  unable  to  make  sngsestion  as  to  the  percentage. 

The  general  matters  of  the  estate  nMaling  to  claims,  suits,  etc.,  are  in  a  satisfactory 
condition.  We  have  secured  the  abatement  or  adjustment  of  all  of  the  fifty-three  law*- 
saits  which  were  pending  aeainst  the  company  in  eight  stat4>s  at  the  date  of  our  appoint- 
ment. The  examination  of  the  claims  of  more  than  13, (XK)  persons  (iwlicy-holders  and 
others),  under  various  contracts  of  the  compuny  has  In^eu  practically  completed  and 
the  values  of  such  claims  deteritiincHl  and  schedurefl.  One  lawsuit  which  wjis  begun  in 
1801  is  still  pending,  but  we  are  hoping  to  si>e  the  conclusion  of  it  without  much  further 
delav. 

This,  in  brief,  is  a  numinary  of  our  niatten*.  While  the  creditors  of  the  Continen- 
tal Life  may  lose  heavily,  we  tliink  the  result  of  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
company  has  materially  improved  their  prospects.     The  amount  of  the  catate  is  being 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


66  Cotton,  Hazard  of,  frou  Fire. 

Pteadily  increased  by  the  income  from  the  propertice  and  even  the  income  t«  so  iDTCffted. 
vrhen  received,  as  to  eecare  etili  further  increaflc. 

Respect  fully, 

liORRIN  A.  COOKK,  I  n,^iw^w>< 

John  R.  Buck,       J  R^irtn. 

Cook,  Andrew  B.,  state  auditor  of  Montana  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  at  Dundee,  Wis.,  February  2,  1864.  rrevious  to 
his  election  as  auditor  in  1892,  Mr.  Cook  was  a  real  estate  broker  at 
Missoula,  Mont. 

Cook  Counter  Fire  Underwriters  AsHOciation  was  organized  for 
Cook  county,  Illinois,  l)y  special  agents,  August  15, 1892.  The  officers 
elected  were :  President,  8.  A.  Witherbee,  of  the  Orient ;  vice-prosi- 
dent,  E.  E.  Barnard,  of  Ducat,  Lyon  &  Co.;  secretary  and  treasurer, 
C.  C.  Chandler  of  the  office  of  Fred.  8.  James  &  Co. 

Co-operative  Fire  InHuranee   Companies  of  New  York  and 

Kings  counties,  N.  Y.  During  1892  a  swarm  of  these  concerns 
appeared.  They  organized  under  the  county  co-operative  law  of  the 
state,  which  was  designed  for  the  formation  of  small  mutuals  insuring 
farm  property  mostly,  but  these  companies  undertook  to  write  on  city 
mercantile  risks.    The  names  of  several  of  these  were  as  follows: 

World's  C-o-operative  Fire  insurance  company,  it«  main  office*  in  Broadway. 
New  York  County  (?o-o|x»r»tive  Fire  inmiriinre  coni|Miny,  No.  280  Broactway. 
Metropolitan  Co-operative  Fire  inBurancc  e«mipany.  No.  63  Bowery. 
MnnuracturerB  and  Tradera'  Co-operative  Fire  insurance  company,  Nois.  68  to  62 
Broadway. 

National  Exchange  CO'O|)0rative  Fire  inHiirance  comptmy.  No.  50  Broadway. 

Standani  Co-operative  Fire  intturanee  company,  No.  415  Broadway. 

New  York  Home  Co-operativo  Fire  infturance  'com)mny.  Park  Kow. 

New  York  County  Co-operative  Fire  insurance  company,  No.  280  Broadway. 

Kqiiitablc  Co-oi)erativc  Fire  inHurance  company.  No.  161  Broadway. 

Under  instructions  from  the  state  insurance  department,  I>eputy 
Superintendent  Shannon  in  October,  1892,  made  an  examination  of 
several  of  these  companies.  In  his  report  he  recommended  the  annul- 
ment of  the  charter  of  the  World  Cooperative  Fire  insurance  com- 
pany.    In  reference  to  this  class  of  companies,  Mr.  Shannon  said: 

Tiiene  companies  are  or);anized  without  capital,  and  are  dependent  on  the  admieaion 
fee  and  the  a8Hew«nienfH  for  the  payment**  of  lo«f*eH. 

Their  orpuiizern  are  generally  IIehrew8,  who  claim  that  many  pereonp  of  their  race 
are  dlHcriminatcHl  apiinHt  by  thr  rejrular  Are  inniirancc  conipaniea,  being  unable  to 
obtain  inKurance  from  tlieni  for  any  nnioiint,  and,  therefore,  orpmized  them'  companiefi 
under  the  county  co-oporative  law  "for  neeew»ary  nelf  prot<Ttion. 

There  is  no  dou>)t  a  foun<lation  for  thi^*  e'xrnse,  and  ho  long  as  they  confine  their 
operations  among  thoi^e  for  whow  protection  tiiey  are  ohten}«!l>ly  organizeitl  and  conduct 
tlie  buplnesB  honestly,  it  ia  a  quchtion  whether  prtxieedings  Hhould  be  taken  against 
them.  Bnt  if  they  nhould  undertake  to  do  a  general  insurance  bniiincB8  on  their  iosiiffi- 
cient  a(t8et«,  there  Hhould  be  no  hesitation  in  applying  to  the  courts  for  their  dianolntion. 

Coroner  Inquests  upon  CauKOS  of  Fires.  [See  Fire  Prevention.] 
Cotton,  Hazard  of,  from  Fire,  President  Flower  of  the  New  Or- 
leans Cotton  Exchange  in  a  circular  letter  to  the  secretary  of  the  treasury 
in  February,  1893,  presented  statistics  to  show  that  out  of  twenty  million 
bales  of  cotton  received  at  New  Orleans  in  the  last  ten  years,  only 
35,000  bales  were  partly  damaged.  He  said  cotton  fire  losses  from  all 
causes  since  1882  were  only  $509,000  out  of  $1,000,000,000  of  total 
value,  equal  to  $1  in  $2,000,  and  added  : 

If  wc  talie  tthipping  or  export  value  of  the  19,610,063  bales  received,  it  will  not  vary 
materially  from  one  thoueand  mill  ions  of  dollarn.  IvOHneH  of  $500,000  on  that  value 
would  be  only  one-twentieth  of  1  per  cent.,  and  ihit<  in  the  face  of  Edward  AtkixiBon'B 


Crane,  John  M.  67 

•tatemeot  qnoted  by  the  British  minister  and  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  at  Washing- 
ton, that  American  cotton  is  treated  more  dangeroaaly  than  any  other  great  staple  of 
any  kind  or  any  other  cotton  in  the  world.  Yon  will  observe  that  I  have  fdven  the 
above  Are  losses  in  this  port  on  cotton  from  all  canses.  Now,  if  we  separate  from  the 
total  losses  in  the  warehouse  and  piclceries  SS90,S%,  and  casnalties  at  the  railroad 
depots,  from  sparks,  etc..  $2,780,  we  have  left  losses  on  shipping  and  landing  bat 
$]9S,016,  or,  aain$(  roand  figures,  $800,000,  equal  to  but  $1  in  $6,000,  and.  say,  one-fifth 
of  1  per  cent.  Examining  farther  into  partictilars,  I  find  of  the  $196,018  losses  on  ship- 
boards and  landings,  $45,140  were  daring  the  calendar  year  18^  and  $72,699  were  In 
the  3rear  1889,  leaving,  for  eight  years  out  of  ten.  but  $78,180,  or,  say,  to  use  round  figures 
$80,000,  out  of  the  total  valuation  of  about  eight  hundred  million  dollars,  equal  to  $1 
loss  in  every  $10,000,  or,  sav,  one  hundredth  ^rt.  Is  there  any  other  known  product 
subject  to  insurance  that  will  show  such  results  ? 

Courts,  Insaranee  in  the.    [See  Legal  Decisions.] 

[^raigr*  Edward  B.,  state  treasurer  and  insurance  commissioner  of 
Tennessee*  was  bom  at  Pulaski,  Tennessee,  April  12,  1859.  Preyious 
to  his  appointment  to  his  present  office,  Mr.  Craig  had  been  cashier  of 
the  National  Bank  at  Pulaski,  and  had  also  been  a  special  for  General 
Agent  Hindman,  representing  the  Mutual  Life  of  New  York  in 
Tennessee. 

Craig,  Hngh,  Pacific  Coast  manager  for  the  New  Zealand  insurance 
company,  is  a  native  of  Sydney,  Australia,  where  he  was  bom  Decem- 
ber 8.  1842.  He  was  reared  in  Auckland,  and  began  business  as  a  boy 
in  1866  in  a  grocery  store.  In  1859  was  a  student  at  Wesley  College. 
He  arrived  in  California  in  1870  and  was  engaged  as  a  laborer  in  Oak- 
land. In  1875,  having  gained  a  varied  experience  in  Califomia  life, 
he  was  appointed  agent  of  the  New  Zealana,  and  in  1877.  its  manager. 

Crandall  Life  Insaranee  Conspiracy  Case.  Bryant  B  Crandall  of 
Buffalo,  New  York,  charged  with  conspiracy  to  defraud  life  insurance 
companies  was  arrested  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  19,  1892.  About 
April  1.  1886,  Crandall,  after  obtaining  insurance  on  his  life  for  about 
$20,000,  disappeared  from  Buffalo.  His  clothing,  found  on  the  bank 
of  the  Niagara  River,  seemed  to  point  to  suicide.  Three  months  later 
a  dead  body  was  found  below  the  falls,  and  Crandall's  wife  and  rela- 
tives positively  identified  it  as  his.  Part  of  the  insurance  money  was 
paid.  Some  of  the  companies,  suspecting  fraud,  refused  to  settle. 
In  May,  1892,  a  Buffalo  woman  recognized  a  man  in  the  streets  of  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  as  Crandall.  The  companies  were  notified,  a  detective 
was  sent  to  Los  Angeles,  and  after  a  long  search  Crandall  was  found, 
arrested.  extraditecT  and  taken  to  Buffalo.  Crandall,  at  first,  stren- 
uously denied  his  identity,  but  in  the  Buffalo  jail,  being  confronted  by 
his  own  family  and  former  friends,  who  recognized  him  as  Crandall, 
broke  down  and  confessed  himself  to  be  the  man.  On  the  trial  in  July 
following,  an  unexpected  event  happened.  The  jury  brought  in  a 
verdict  of  not  guilty  of  fraud;  the  prosecution  having  been  extremely 
weak.  An  insurance  official,  in  the  course  of  the  tnal,  testified  that 
Mrs.  Crandall  had  made  restitution,  as  far  as  possible,  of  the  money 
she  had  obtained  on  the  insurance  policies. 

^_  Urane,  John  M.,  of  New  York,  was  appointed  in  August,  1892, 
general  superintendent  of  the  American  Casualty  insurance  and 
security  companv  of  Baltimore,  with  which  he  had  been  associated 
since  his  resignation  of  the  general  agency  of  the  Union  Mutual  Life  of 
Maine.  Mr.  Crane  is  a  native  of  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  was 
bom  about  forty-two  years  ago.    He  received  his  education  in  the 


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68  Crkdit  Insurance. 

public  soboolfi  and  a  commercial  college  and  went  into  business  as  a 
salesman  in  a  silverplatedware  establishment,  and  he  also  traveled  on 
the  road  for  this  house.  He  resigned  in  January,  1876,  to  become 
secretary  of  the  Knickerbocker  Casualty  insurance  company,  which 
afterwards  became  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  Company.  In  1889.  Mr. 
Crane  transferred  his  services  to  the  Union  Mutual  Life  of  Maine  as 
its  New  York  city  manager.  He  joined  the  American  Casualty  two 
years  later. 

Crawford,  Georfr®  R.,  president  of  the  Westchester  Fire  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  born  at  White  Plains,  Westchester  County. 
N.  Y.,  June  21,  1841.  When  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  entered  the 
insurance  business  as  a  clerk  in  an  agency  firm.  Three  years  later  he 
became  a  partner  with  his  father  in  the  fire  insurance  business,  the 
firm  name  being  Elisha  Crawford  &  Son.  In  1865,  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  Westchester,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  1879.  when 
he  was  promoted  to  the  presidency  of  the  company.  Mr.  Crawford 
has  been  president  of  the  village  of  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  and  organized 
the  Mt.  Vernon  fire  department,  acting  as  its  first  chief  engineer. 

Credit  Insnrance.  There  was  a  continuous  and  somewhat  exten- 
sive development  in  1892,  of  so-called  credit  indemnity,  or  insurance  of 
merchants  against  loss  by  unpaid  debts.  Several  companies  were 
organized  and  began  business  and  others  were  projected.  One  com- 
pany failed.  The  following  statement,  contributed  to  the  Boston 
Standard^  explains  the  purpose  and  methods  of  this  class  of  insurance, 
according  to  the  system  adopted  by  companies  of  responsibility  : 


The  data  npon  which  th(«o  credit  indemnity  companies  operate  is  baaed  larjsely  on 
tno  BtatiBtira  of  mercantile  asenciefi  fthowing  the  percentafj^  of  failures  and  from  the 
experience  of  the  individaal  noiiHCH  insured,  nhowing  the  average  loMtes  to  sales  during 


a  number  of  years.  Thus,  for  Instance,  a  houne  having  sales  of  $1,000,000  per  annimi 
may  show  an  average  loss,  through  nncollected  bills,  or  1  per  cent.  This  the  indemnity 
company  calls  the  '^flrst  loss"  and  does  not  cover  it  In  Its  contract ;  consequently  the 
merchant  stands  a  loss  himself  of  $10,000  Ix-fore  the  credit  policy  contributes  a  cent. 
The  purpose  of  the  credit  policy  is  to  insure  the  merchant  against  the  unexpected  trade 
losses,  such  as  through  failures  or  an  unusual  number  of  uncollectible  bills.  The  regu- 
lar or  expected  trade  loss  is  not  regard<'d  as  liiHurable. 

The  credit  (ompaiiics  now  write  |K)licieH  nn  larpe  as  $30,000  at  $Sper  hundred.  The 
policy  of  a  second  company  writing  on  the  same  risk  does  not  contribute  until  the  pol- 
icy of  first  company  is  exhiiusted.  The  cnmimnies  only  write  on  houses  having  a  flrj»t- 
class  ratine  in  mercantile  agencies,  and  further  protect  themselves  by  limiting  the 
amount  of  linbility  for  any  one  failure.  Losses  under  the  policies  are  not  payable  nntil 
the  end  of  the  year. 

The  following  were  the  companies  which  began  business  or  were 
announced  in  1892-3: 

American  Credit  Indemnity  company  of  St.  Louis  (chartered  in  Louisiana).  It  has 
a  capital  of  $500,000  partly  paid  in.  The  oflict^rs  are  Sidney  M.  Phelan,  president,  S.  M. 
Winter,  treasurer,  J.  A.  Hughes  and  A.  L.  Shanleigh,  managers. 

American  Credit  Indemnity  company  of  New  York,  said  to  be  controlled  by  the 
preceding.  Capital  $160,000,  and  has  been  authorized  to  do  business  in  New  York  b? 
the  insurance  department.    Sidney  M.  Phelan,  president,  Edgar  M.  Johnson,  secretary. 

American  Indemnity  company  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Capital  $S50,000,  partly  paid  in. 
Has  been  admitted  to  Massachusetts.   F.  P.  Strong,  president,  F.  A.  Se^inour,  treasurer. 

Atlas  Ouaranle(;  company  of  Rutland,  Vt.,  is  controlled  by  Boston  insurance  men. 
Capital  $100,000,  partly  paid  in.  ChesU-r  Parinenter  of  Rutland,  pn»sidcnt,  L.  S.  Jor- 
dan (of  Jordan,  Lovett  A  Co.,  Boston),  vice-president,  E.  M.  Buck  of  Rutland,  secretary. 

Credit  Indemnity  company  of  New  York.  Thin  company,  which  was  incorporated 
under  the  law?  of  North  Carolina,  with  a  nominal  capitaJ  of  $160,000,  with  Margin  F. 
Wood  as  president,  and  William  Lisle,  secretary,  failed  on  account  of  insufficient  means 
to  meet  losses  in  April,  1893,  and  made  an  assignment  to  Francis  £.  Barrows. 


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Cbobby,  U.  C.  69 

Credit  insorance  company  of  Chicago,  Edmund  Burke,  president,  W.  A.  Mason, 
secretarj. 

Mercantile  Credit  Guarantee  company  of  New  Yorlc  was  organized  In  West  Vlr- 
g;inia,  and  re-organized  in  New  York,  depositing  $100,000  with  the  state  treasurer,  in 
November,  1803.  Capital  stock  S500,000,j)artly  paid  in.  William  M.  Deen,  president, 
James  R.  Pitcher,  vice-president,  James  £.  Granniss,  treasurer,  C.  V.  Smith,  secretary. 

United  States  Credit  System  insurance  company  of  Newark,  New  Jersey.  Capftal 
$^,000,  paid  up.  W.  Bf.  Fiedler,  president,  Jnllns  Stapff,  treasurer,  Frederick  W. 
Wheeler,  secretary. 

Besides  these,  the  First  Credit  Bonding  company  of  Chicago,  to  in- 
sure wholesale  merchants  against  loss  on  credits,  and  the  National 
Credit  insurance  company  of  Minnesota,  were  announced,  hut  only 
meagre  particulars  given. 

The  Mercantile  Credit  of  New  York  encountered  difficulty  in 
Ohio  where  it  attempted  to  do  business  under  general  law,  but  the  at- 
torney-general ruled  that  it  was  an  insurance  company,  and  as  the 
insurance  law  of  the  state  did  not  recognize  credit  insurance  com- 
panies, it  must  cease  doing  business  there. 

yHtchell,  Robert  8.,  western  general  agent  of  the  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  near  Glas- 
tonbury. England,  in  1844.  He  came  to  America  when  a  boy,  living 
some  time  at  Rochester,  N  Y.,  but  while  yet  a  youth  he  entered  the 
office  of  the  Home  of  New  York,  at  Cincinnati.  When  the  depart- 
ment headquarters  were  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1860,  he  accompanied 
them.  Two  years  later  he  entered  the  service  of  the  .£tna  of  Hart- 
ford. During  the  civil  war  he  saw  some  service  in  the  navy,  and  at 
its  close  accepted  the  position  of  southern  special  agent  of  the  Home. 
Then  he  transferred  his  services  to  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  which 
made  him  its  western  special  agent  at  Chicago.  In  1874,  he  resigned 
to  devote  himself  to  his  local  agency  in  Chicago,  which  he  had  estab- 
lished four  years  before.  This  he  continues,  and  in  addition,  in  1887, 
be  assumed  the  western  general  agency  of  the  Insurance  Company  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Crooke,  WUliam  Dawson,  manager  of  the  northwestern  depart- 
ment of  the  Northern  of  England,  was  born  in  England  in  1837,  and 
removed  to  the  United  States  in  1853,  and  made  his  insurance  debut  in 
a  local  agency  at  McGregor,  Iowa,  in  1865.  He  was  employed  in  1874 
by  the  National  Board  in  rating  towns  in  Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin, 
Missouri,  and  Kansas;  was  appointed  special  agent  of  the  western  de- 
partment of  the  Royal  in  1875,  was  chief  clerk  in  the  general  agency 
office  from  1879  to  1882.  and  went  into  the  service  of  the  Northern  in 
his  present  position  in  the  latter  year. 

rosby,  U.  C,  special  agent  of  the  Phenix  of  New  York,  for  New 
England,  was  born  at  Mattapoisett,  Mass.,  in  1845,  and  entered  the 
office  of  the  Bay  State  insurance  company  of  Worcester,  as  a  clerk,  in 
1866.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  company,  and  continued 
with  it  until  it  was  destroyed  in  the  Boston  tire  of  1872.  He  then  be- 
came New  England  special  agent  for  the  Continental  of  New  York, 
and  afterwards  secretary  of  the  Shawmut  of  Boston.  He  resigned  to 
accept  his  present  position  Mr.  Crosby  was  the  first  president  of  the 
New  England  Insurance  Exchange,  in  1883,  and  was  re-elected  in  1884, 
and  alfto  in  1891. 


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70  Death  Roll  of  1802. 

banninffham,  John  L.,  secretary  of  the  Glens  Falls  insurance  com- 

-pany,  N.  Y. ,  was  elected  president  January  20,  1892,  succeeding  Rus- 
sell M.  Little,  deceased.  President  Cunningham  was  born  at  Hudson, 
N.  Y.,  April  5,  1840.  His  boyhood  was  pnssed  on  a  farm  in  Essex 
county,  M.  Y..  but  when  about  eighteen  years  old  he  entered  a  law 
office,  and  afterwards  pursued  his  legal  studies  at  the  Union  University 
Law  School  of  Albany,  graduating  in  1861  with  the  degree  of  LL.B. 
He  practiced  law  at  Essex  until  he  enlisted  in  the  118th  New  York  reg- 
iment in  1862,  and  went  to  the  front.  He  saw  a  good  deal  of  active 
service,  was  for  some  time  provost-marshal  at  Portsmouth.  Ya.,  and 
came  out  of  the  war  the  lieutenant  colonel  of  his  regiment.  On  return- 
ing home,  he  was  appointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  16th 
congressional  district  of  New  York,  which  position  he  resigned  to  Join 
the  field  force  of  the  Glens  Falls,  as  a  special  agent.  In  1872  Col.  Cun- 
ningham was  elected  secretary  of  the  company,  and  became  virtually 
its  manager.  On  the  death  of  President  Little  he  succeeded  to  the 
presidency. 

D 

Daj,  James  I.,  for  twentv  years  president  of  the  Southern  Mutual 
insurance  company  of  New  Orleans,  resigned  in  April,  1892,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Leonard  M.  Finley.  Mr.  Day  at  the  time  of  his  resigna- 
tion was  78  years  old. 

Death-Rol  1  of  1 892.    The  following  is  a  list  of  persons  prominently 
connected  with  the  insurance  business,  who  died  in  1892: 
Alexander,  J.  H.,  Are  t^mt  at  Toledo.  O.,  died  from  pneumonia,  April  16. 
Allen,  8. 8.,  former  wcretary  of  the  New  England  Mutaul  Fire  and  a  Boston  fire  agent, 

died  at  Mt.  Depert,  Me.,  Jane  18,  aged  GO  yearn. 
Amen,  William,  fd,  insurance  agent  at  Dedham,  Maw.,  died  December  7,  aged  84  yearv. 
Anthony,  Edward  U.,  fire  insurance  adjuster,  died  at  Tenafly,  N.  J.,  July  1%  aged  70    . 
years. 

bnthnot,  Charles,  president  of  the  Pittsburgh  insurance  company,  died  October  4. 

Arnold,  B.  C,  special  agent  of  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn  for  Nebraska,  died  June  SO,  aged 

80  years. 
Ash  worth,  John  A.,  fire  agent  at  Boston,  Mass.,  killed  by  being  thrown  from  his  hon« 

at  Somerville,  Mass.,  May  39,  aged  27  years. 
•Aspinwnll,  Sterne  F.,  president  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Insurance  comoany  of  Michigan, 
died  of  pneumonia,  April  8,  ag<*d  48  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Cnautauqna  County, 
N.  Y.,  but  when  be  was  two  years  old  his  parents  removed  with  him  to  Freeport, 
111.,  and  settled  upon  a  farm.  He  was  educated  at  Oberlin  college,  O.,  stndied  law 
at  Freeport,  111.,  and  practiced  there  ten  years,  acting  at  the  same  time  as  a  fire  in- 
surance agent.  In  1876,  he  moved  to  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  where  he  was  engaged 
In  the  fire  insurance  business  to  the  time  of  his  death.  May  14, 1888,  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  Clrand  Rapids  Fire,  then  about  six  months  old,  and  this  position  he 
held  until  February  17,  1801,  when  be  was  elected  president,  succeeding  the  late 
Julius  Houseman. 
Babcock,  Franklin,  Are  agent  at  Chicago,  HI.,  died  January  80,  aged  64  years. 
Baker,  Alfred  G.,  former  president  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  and  of 
the  Franklin  Fire  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia,  died  December  90,  at  Phila- 
delphia, of  heart  disease,  aged  61  years.  He  was  a  native  of  that  city,  son  of 
Michael  V.  Baker,  a  prominent  citizen.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Unfveraity  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1861,  receiving  from  it,  three  years  later,  the  degree  of  master  of 
arts,  ue  entered  Into  mercantile  life  first  with  the  commission  house  of  David  8. 
Brown,  and  afterwards  In  partnership  with  Samuel  Leonard.  From  1866  to  1870  be 
was  a  member  of  the  firm,  from  whicn  he  retired  with  a  fortune.  He  had  long  been 
a  director  of  the  Franklin  Fire,  and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Bnncker  in  1869,  succeeded 
to  the  presidency.  He  held  this  position  until  he  resigned  In  1681.  During  his  ad- 
ministration the  Chicago  and  Boston  fires  occurred,  and  he  was  president  of  the 
National  Board  throe  years.    He  was  one  of  the  three  originatorB  of  the  Philadelphia 


Dbath  Roll  of  1S92  71 

Fire  Patrol.    He  filled  many  positions  of  public  traet  in  his  native  city,  was  prest- 
dent  of  the  Academy  of  Music  Company,  and  an  enthusiastic   patron  of  art, 
literature,  and  science. 
Barker,  Pierre  A.,  lire  agent  at  New  Orleans.  La.,  died  from  paralysis,  Jane  IS. 
i-        Baesett,  Allan  L.,  first  president  of  the  Prudential  of  Newark,  and  subseqnently^J^ewark 
^        superintendent  for  the  Metropolitan  Life  of  New  York,  died  December  14. 
^..^Benners,  R.  H.,  formerly  secretary  of  the  Firemens  of  New  Orleans,  died  September  8. 
Berthelot,  Leon  J.,  special  agent  in  foreign  countries  for  the  New  York  Life,  died  in 

Paris,  France,  August  9,  aged  63  years. 
Bills,  HenrY  A.,  formerly  western  general  agent  of  the  iEtna  Life,  died  on  Long  Island 

Sonnd  by  suicide,  June  38,  aged  70  years. 
Blagden,  Thomas,  insurance  broker  of  New  York,  died  November  5,  aged  .51  years.    He 
was  a  native  of  Boston,  a  son  of  the  distinguished  clergyman.  Dr.  Blagden  of  that 
city  and  brother  of  Samuel  P.  Blagden.  the  United  States  manager  for  the  North 
British  and  Mercantile.    He  was  graduated  at  Amherst  college  In  1861,  and  had  been 
doingan insurance  business  in  Now  York  the  past  flft(Y!n  years. 
Blodget,  Henry  T.,  of  the  home  ofilce  of  the  Equitable  Life,  died  in  New  York  of  pneu- 
monia, January  39.    He  was  the  Massachusetts  manager  for  the  Equitable  from 
18r0tol88]. 
eye,  Edward,  founder  and  manager  of  the  Svea  insurance  company  of  Sweden,  died 
Januarr  10,  aged  60  vears. 

ime,  William,  compiler  of  Boume*s  Insurance  Guide,  died  in  England,  February  7, 
aged  80  years. 

.^^  Bradley,  Frederick,  formerly  of  the  general  fire  and  marine  insurance  agency  firm  of 
^  Scull  &  Bradley,  Boston,  Mass.,  died  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  December  5,  aged  44 
years.  He  was  bom  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and  entered  the  insurance  business  as 
a  clerk  for  Gk>orge  E.  Fbwtcr  some  years  before  the  great  Boston  fire.  Mr.  Foster 
took  into  partnership  Mr.  Cole,  and  later  Mr.  (Gideon  Scull.  When  the  firm  of 
Foster  A  Scull  was  dissolved  by  the  death  of  the  former,  Mr.  Bradley  was  admitted 
to  partnership.  He  had  charge  of  the  marine  business  in  Boston  of  the  Insurance 
Company  of  North  America  from  the  first,  and  was  considered  one  of  the  ablest 
marine  underwriters  of  the  day. 
^am    Brewster,  W.  F.,  founder  of  the  United  States  Jieview,  died  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May 

13,  aged  64  years. 
^^  Brocklebank,  Ralph,  chairman  of  the  Hoyal  of  Liverpool,  died  February  8,  aged  88 
Years. 
"•"'^  David,  secretary  of  the  late  Putnam  Fire  of  Hartford,  died  at  San  Francisco, 
January  1,  aged  78  years. 

k,  William  A.,  president  of  the  Factors  and  Traders  insurance  company  of  Mobile, 
died  of  heart  disease,  October  29. 
Bnnyon,  Charles  John,  English  actuary  and  writer  on  insurance  hiw,  died  June  86,  from 
concussion  of  the  brain,  aged  71  years, 
rch,  Thomas  Ross,  western  and  southcni  general  agent  of  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn, 
died  at  Chicago  from  paralysis  on  June  16,  aged  46  years.  He  was  a  native  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  x .,  where  he  received  a  common  school  education.  At  the  age  of  six- 
ti^en  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Phenix,  of  which  Stephen  Crowell,  aften^'ards  bis 
falher-in-law,  was  president,  as  a  clerk,  and  was  advanced  upon  merit  to  various 
positions  until  he  became  assistant-general  agent  at  the  home  ofllce.  In  1876  he  was 
sent  to  Chicago  to  take  charge  of  the  department  over  which  he  had  since  presided. 
Mr.  Burch  has  been  occonnti'd  by  some  the  greatest  fire  underwriter  in  the  West. 
He  cerUtinly  built  up  nn  immense*  volume  of  first-class  business  for  hisQ^mpany  and 
was  a  very  |M>tent  factor  in  the  creation  of  its  prosperity  and  greatness.  For  a  few 
years  iirior  to  his  death  Mr.  Burch  was  In  ill  health  ana  had  only  recently  returned 
from  a  visit  to  Bermuda  in  search  of  improvement  when  ho  died. 
Burdus,  Frederick,  insurance  journalist,  former  editor  of  the  London  Insurance  Observer, 

died  in  .September,  in  England. 
Burge.  Lorenzo,  of  the  Boston,  Mass.,  fire  agency  firm  of  L.  Burge,  Hayes  A  Co.,  died 
tianuary  8,  aged  74  years.    In  1848  he  started  in  the  fire  insurance  business  in  Boston 
as  agent  of  the  Peopled  Mutual  Fire.    In  1878  he  took  into  the  firm  Clarence  H. 
Hayes,  a  clerk,  and  in  time  it  became  one  of  the  leading  agencies  in  New  England. 
On  account  of  age  Mr.  Burge  retired  from  the  active  business  of  the  firm  in 
February,  1889. 
Burton,  L.  L.,  marine  insurance  agent  at  Chicago,  111.,  died  November  18,  of  pneumonia, 
aged  89  years. 
■M  Butler,  Henry,  president  of  the  former  American  Exchange  Fire  of  New  York,  died  at 
Blairstown,  N.  J.,  November  14,  aged  86  years. 

C&ry,  Charles  Jerome,  veteran  agent  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  died  April  10,  aged  71  years. 

^*^hapman,  Daniel  C,  secretary  of  the  American  Fire  of  Baltimore,  died  May  11,  aged  48 
years. 


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72  Death  Roll  of  1892. 

Cramer,  Herman  V.,  fi;eneral  a^pnt  for  the  Equitable  Life,  died  in  New  Tork,  of  apo- 

S'exy,  April  29,  aged  55  yearn. 
7,  Thomas  G.,  marine  underwriter  at  Chicago,  died  at  Chicago  of  cancer  in  the 
throat,  June  6. 
Cutting,  Hiram  A.,  died  of  apoplexy  at  Lnnenbnrgh,  Vt.,  April  18,  aged  60  years.    He 
was  for  many  years  a  Are  Insurance  agent  at  Lnnenburgh,  and  a  director  of  the 
Vermont  Mutual. 
I>ow,  Sterling,  fire  insurance  agent  at  Portland.  Me.,  died  June  80  from  coneomption. 
aged  50  years.    He  was  of  the  agency  Arm  or  Dow  A  Pinkham,  probably  the  lai^est 
in  New  England,  and  had  been  a  fire  underwriter  all  of  his  business  life. 

D'Utassy,  Oeorgf  F.,  general  agent  of  the  Phoenix  of  I}artford  for  Maryland,  died  at 
Wilmington,  Del.,  from  accidental  inhalation  of  illuminating  gas.  May  2,  aged  65 
years.  He  had  but  recently  been  transferred  from  the  Cincinnati  general  agency, 
(ten.  DTtasay  served  both  fn  thcCVimoan  and  American  civil  wars,  with  distinction. 

Eliot,  Georffe  H.,  chief  of  the  bnreau  of  information,  oiHce  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New 
York,  died  at  Montclair,  N.  J.,  April  8,  aged  68  years, 
.yphigpr.  Christian,  president  of  the  Farmers  insurance  company  of  Wilmington,  Del., 
^      died  January  16,  from  effects  of  the  grip. 

Folger,  George  H.,  of  Bradford  A  Folger,  insurance  agents  at  Cambridgeport,  Mass., 
died  January  14. 

Folsom,  Simon  B.,  life  insurance  agent  at  Dover,  N.  H.,  and  president  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Life  Underwriters  AHtmclatlon,  died  October  9,  aged  66  years.  He  wa» 
ill  but  one  hour.  Mr.  Folsom  had  just  retnnied  home  from  the  association's  annual 
meeting  at  Fletcher's  Island,  where  he  read  a  pa]M?r.  He  was  one  of  the  delegates 
present  at  the  national  convention  in  New  York  the  previous  month.  Rcprestenting 
the  Mutual  TJfe  of  New  York,  he  was  known  all  over  New  England  as  an  active 
and  popular  Ufe  insurance  worker. 

Ferguson,  Thomas,  of  Ferguson  &  Grant,  general  agent«  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New 
York  at  Detroit,  died  November  14,  at  Denver,  Col.,  of  consumption,  aged  57  years- 
He  liad  been  connected  with  the  Mutual  Life  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

Gardner,  Henry  J.,  general  agent  of  the  MasMachusetts  Mutual  Life,  died  at  Milton, 
Mass.,  July  21,  or  cancer,  aged  74  years.  He  was  governor  of  the  state  of  Masaa- 
chusetta  from  1855  to  1868. 

Glbbs,  Archibald,  insurance  agent  at  Washington,  D.  C,  died  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
November  7,  aged  84  years. 
^^Goodnow,  Jotham,  president  of  the  .£tna  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  died  Novem- 
ber 19  at  Hartford,  of  heart  failure,  aged  74years.  He  was  a  native  of  western 
Massachusetts,  where  he  was  bom  in  1819.  He  went  to  Hartford  in  1866  as  cashier 
of  the  Hartford  Bank.  In  1864  he  was  cashier  of  the  City  Bank  of  New  Haven. 
Two  years  later  he  was  recalled  to  Hartford  to  take  the  secretaryship  of  the  ifitna 
insurance  company.  He  was  secretary  twenty-two  years  and  succeeded  the  late  Mr. 
Hendee  as  nrcsidont  in  1888.  Mr.  Goodnow  served  in  both  branches  of  the  Hartford 
city  council. 

Goodloe,  John  K.,  >icc-pre8ident  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  Kentudcy,  died  at  Thomasville, 
Ga.,  in  February. 

Goshom,  John  W.,  special  agent  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New  York,  died  near  Bristol, 
Tenn.,  in  January. 

Grabfelder,  Abraham  L.,  general  a^ent  of  the  Manhattan  Life  for  the  Southern  states, 
died  in  New  York  city  of  erysiiK;lus,  May  1,  aged  64  years.  He  was  a  native  of 
Bavaria,  and  came  to  this  country  in  early  youth.  For  twenty-two  years  ho  served 
the  Manhattan  as  its  southern  general  agent. 

Green,  J.  8.,  of  Green  &  Woodcock,  insurance  agents  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  died  June 
27,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  aged  40  years. 

Griffin,  W.  11.,  life  insurance  agent,  died  October  9  at  Brunswick,  Ga„  by  suicide. 

Hall,  Nathaniel,  fire  insurance  agent  at  BuiFalo,  N.  Y.,  died  June  29,  aged  73  years.  He 
was  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Nathitniel  Hall  &  Son,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  respected  in  that  city.  He  represented  the  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine  nearly 
forty  years,  being  among  the  first  agents  api>ointed  by  that  company. 

Hamilton,  Henry,  formerly  Philadelphia  general  agent  of  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life,  died 
February  9. 

Harding,  Will  II.,  life  insurance  agent  at  Ijouisville,  Ky.,  died  October  28  of  dropsy,  aged 
59  years. 

Hawkins,  Harvey  S.,  superintendent  of  the  application  department  of  the  Equitable 
Life,  died  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  of  cerebral  meningitis,  June  22,  aged  32  years. 

Holmes,  James  E.,  oldest  ofiice  employe  of  the  Equitable  Life  of  New  York,  died  March 
26,  aged  87  years. 
►  Hovey,  Joseph  F.,  of  the  Boston,  Mass.,  fire  agency  firm  of  Hovey  &  Fcnno,  died  at 
Belmont,  Mass.,  January  4.    He  was  bom  at  Charle«town,  Mabi*.,  in  1821,  and  when 


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Death  Boll  of  1892.  73 

a  boy  entered  the  fire  iosurance  baainew  id  Boetou.  At  one  time  be  wad  secretary 
and  later  president  of  the  old  State  Mutual  of  Boston.  He  afterwarde  entered  the 
agency  bnaineee,  Thomas  Baxter  being  hlspartncr.  In  1863  Mr.  Baxter  retired  and 
G.  D.  Fenno  came  in,  forming  the  firm  of  uovev  &,  Fenno. 

Ibnen,  Harro,  aseietant  United  States  manager  of  tbe  Transatlantic  Fire  of  Hamburg, 
died  at  Jersey  C'ity.  N.  J.,  of  pneumonia,  January  10.  He  was  48  years  old,  and  had 
been  with  the  Transatlantic  twelve  years. 

Irwin,  Archibald,  Manager  for  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  at  Cincinnati,  died  December 
4,  of  bean  disease,  aged  87  years. 

Jndd,  Fred  A.,  insurance  agent  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  died  November  23. 

Kay,  Samuel  W.,  aesistani  secreuiry  of  the  Franklin  Fire  at  Philadelphia,  died  at  Phila- 
delphia of  pneumonia,  March  4,  aged  60  years. 

Kilbum,  Daniel  W.,  general  agent  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  at  Boston,  died  Sep- 
tember 6,  of  Bnght's  disease,  aged  60  years.  He  was  born  at  Sterling,  Mass., 
October  27,  1831,  and  went  to  Boston-  earlv  in  life.  He  taught  penmanship  at 
Frmch's  Commercial  College  for  a  number  of  ye^rs,  and  in  1866  entered  the  service 
of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  as  bookkeeper  for  Edwin  Ray,  who  was  at  that  time 
eimeral  agent  of  the  company  at  Boston.  In  1880  Mr.  Kilbum  quit  desk  and  ledger 
Tor  the  more  stirring  duties  of  an  agent  of  the  company,  and  In  1885  was  appointeil 
general  agent,  which  position  he  retained  until  his  death.  He  was  a  man  of  upright 
ctiaracter,  kindly  disposition,  unafl!ected  piety,  and  dearly  beloved  bv  his  colleagues, 
who  elected  him  pntudeiit  of  the  Boston  Life  Underwriters  Association  in  1889. 

Kistler,  James  A.,  insurance  agent  at  Allentown,  Pa.,  kilk^  by  railroad  accident,  Deccm- 
bcT  16,  aged  4S  years. 

Knight,  W.  W.,  insurance  agent  at  Saginaw,  Mich.,  died  by  shooting  himself  December 
S9,  aged  68  years. 

Laighton,  John  F.,  general  agent  of  the  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity  for  Maine,  died  at 
Meredith,  N.  H.,  of  typhoid  fever,  October  29,  aged  84  years, 
^^^uiaux,  Pierre,  president  of  the  New  Orleans  Insurance  Association,  died  September  6. 
^Tiine,  Percy  F.,  associate  manager  of  the  Canadian  department  of  the  United  Fire  of 
Manchester,  died  at  Montreal,  September  22. 

Locke,  A.  Newton,  special  agent  or  fire  insurance  companies,  died  November  25,  at 
(Slens  Falls,  N.  Y.  He  was  at  one  time  secretary  of  the  Glens  Falls,  and  afterward 
in  the  service  of  the  Continental  and  the  Hartford  Fire.  In  1890  he  became  asso- 
ciated with  the  Niagara  Fire  as  metropolitan  adjuster,  in  charge  of  its  New  York 
IcMtses. 

Nay,  Edward,  fire  insurance  agent  at  Canton,  N.  J.,  died  October  22,  from  paralysis. 

Mitchell,  Thomas  A.,  Pacific  coast  manager  for  the  Insurance  Compjmy  of  North 
America,  died  at  Oakland,  Cal..  from  the  cfTects  of  a  spider  bite.  August  9,  aged  42 
years.  He  was  an  Englishman  by  birth.  Ijis  connection  with  insurance  began  as 
a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Pacific  Fire  of  San  Francisco.  He  was  afterwards  a 
member  of  the  general  agency  firm  of  Jonathan  Hunt  &  Co.  of  that  city,  and  in  that 
way  liecame  manager  for  the  Philadelphia  comjMUiy. 

Moody,  Orange  G.,  fire  insurance  agent  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  died  September  7,  aged  72 
years. 

MorJr,  Gilford,  of  Morse  &  Slade,  New  York  managers  for  the  Massachusetts  Mutual 
Life,  died  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  from  Bright's  dibeahe,  January  25,  aged  64  years.  He 
was  a  native  of  Sharon,  Mass.  For  many  years  he  represented  the  Mutual  Life  and 
the  Equitable  Life,  and  the  last  ten  vearb  of  his  life  he  was  manager  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Mutual  Life  in  New  York  city.  He  had  built  up  a  large  business  by  his 
energy  and  industry.  Mr.  Morse  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Life  Insurance 
Association  of  New  York,  and  its  president  in  1J?90. 
^^  3Iurdock,  J.  K.,  pi-esidcnt  of  the  Miami  Valley  insurance  company  of  Cincinnati,  died 
at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  in  March. 

Munkittrick,  Alexander,  Sr.,  late  manager  of  the  Equitable  Life  of  the  United  States  for 
lircat  Britain,  died  at  Kensington,  £ng.,  bi  September,  agtid  88  years. 

Neff,  George  W.,  fire  insurance  agent  at  Chiclmiaii.  O.,  died  Decenilxjr  14  from  droppy, 
at  New  port,  Ky.,  aged  50  years. 

Neh**r,  Philip  U.,  agent  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  died  June  15,  agwl  PS  years. 

North,  John  G.,  oldest  agent  of  the  .Etna  and  Connecticut  Mutual  Life,  died  at  Milford, 
Conn.,  of  apoplexy,  March  10,  n«:cd  70  years, 
..^  Norwood,  Carlisle,  8r.,  pn*pidt*in  of  the  LoriUard  Fire  of  New  York,  died  January  SO, 
aged  79  years.  He  was  au  old  New  Yorker,  nv.d  many  yea  re  an  active  member  of 
the  local  fire  departmeiii.  Hi-  became  secntaiy  ul  thi-  Lorillard  in  18i>2  and  piibi- 
dent  in  18.58. 

Parnilee,  H.  J.,  niariuf  »;;<  nt  for  the  ^Etnaof  Ilarlfoid  at  New  York,  died  of  pneumonia 
March  2K. 

Pcarce,  Samuel  W.,  iuaurauce  journalist,  died  al  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  of  consumption, 
January  25. 


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74  Death  Roll  of 

Peck,  Charles  M.,  fire  Insnrance  mftnaf^er  In  the  city  of  New  York  for  many  years,  died 
in  New  York  October  9,  a^l  52  yearn.  He  was  a  native  of  Hartford,  a^Tadaate  (tf 
Yale,  and  aacceeded  hiti  father  aa  an  ineurance  agent  in  New  York  in  18Q£  He  traill 
np  one  of  the  largest  insnrance  agencies  in  the  United  States,  at  the  same  time  serr- 
ing  with  zeal  the  general  caarn  of  insnrance  in  the  local  boaid  and  kindred  organ- 
izations. Mr.  Peck  was  a  genial  man  and  had  manv  attached  friends.  Bad  h^th 
drove  him  out  of  business,  and  be  was  succeeded  In  nis  agency,  in  which  he  retained 
an  Interest,  by  Banta  A  Courtney  in  1891. 

Porlwood,  Alice  M.,  insurance  agent  at  Lawrenceborg,  Ky.,  died  October  S8. 
^^nrdv,  Samuel  M.,  vice-president  of  the  Westchester  Fire  insurance  company,  died 
July  8. 

Ramsey,  James  P.,  agent  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  from  coneuaption, 
March  8. 

Randall,  Franklin  P.,  fire  agent,  died  at  Fort  Wavne,  Ind.,  May  28,  aged  80  veara. 

Pmw.  Andrew,  late  president  of  the  Howard  Fire  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  died  at  Lather- 
^^    ville,  Md.,  April  So,  aged  72  years. 

Richards,  William  M.,  president  of  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  company  of  New  York, 
^^  died  September  S8,  suddenly,  of  heart  disease,  aged  74  years.  Mr.  Richards  was  a 
^^  New  York  wholesale  drygoods  merchant  many  years  and  accumulated  a  large 
fortune.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  ^delity  and  Casualty  and  its  presi- 
dent from  the  beginning.  He  was  a  director  of  the  Continental  insurance  ocnnpany 
and  interested  as  officer  or  director  in  a  number  of  the  charitable,  business,  and  art 
institutions  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn. 

Robinson,  John  W.,  state  ain^nt  of  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  for  Kentnckv,  died 

October  26,  by  suicide  ^i-nile  insane.    He  was  bom  in  Ohio  fifty-two  vears  before, 

and  had  be«n  with  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  for  twenty  years,  the  last  fifteen  of 

which  was  as  state  agent  for  Kentucky.    He  tiad  built  up  a  very  large  bosineas,  and 

*   was  much  esteemed  by  his  company. 

Roosevelt,  Nicholas  L.,  of  the  insnrance  agency  firm  of  Roosevelt  A  Boughton,  New 
York,  died  December  18,  of  nneumonla.  He  became  connected  with  ilre  insurance 
as  secretary  of  the  New  York  and  Boston  insurance  company. 

Ruggles,  William  B.,  late  deputy  superintendent  of  insurance  of  New  York,  died  at 
Albany,  N.  Y..  January  4,  aged  64  years.  He  was  a  journalist  several  years,  then  a 
lawyer  with  a  large  practice,  and  from  1882  to  1880  the  state  superintendent  of  public 
^^^^nstruction,  a  position  which  he  resigned  to  enter  the  insurance  department.  The 
insurance  business  is  indebted  to  Wr.  Ruggles  for  an  able  monograph  on  valued- 
policy  laws. 

Silliman,  C.  B.,  fire  agent  at  Pottsville,  Pa.,  died  March  27. 

Smith,  J.  Fisher,  late  manager  of  the  New  York  Life  for  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 

died  in  London  from  cancer  of  the  tongue,  April  80,  aged  49  years.    He  was  bom  in 

^^         Boston,  and  entered  the  insnrance  field  in  Calif oraia  m  1882.    From  San  Francisco 

^^         he  went  to  London  as  assistant  manager  under  the  late  Harry  Homans,  and  when 

Mr.  Homans  took  charge  of  the  New  York  Life's  continental  department,  Mr.  Smith 

succeed^  him  in  the  management  of  the  London  office. 

Spear,  Ell  A.,  fire  Insurance  agent  at  Bay  City,  Mich.,  died  July  1,  of  apoplexy, 
^^pence,  E.  F.,  president  of  the  late  Southern  California  insurance  company,  died 
September  20. 

Sproufls,  Samuel  E.,  senior  trustee  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New  York,  died  November  M, 
at  Astoria,  N.  Y. ,  aged  82  years. 

Stillman,  Charles  H.,  formerly  one  of  the  medical  directors  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New 
^^      York,  died  at  Plainfleld,  N.  J.,  of  quick  consumption,  April  80,  aged  88  years. 

Sublette,  W.  W.,  general  agent  of  the  Provident  Savings  Life  for  Tennessee  and  western 
Kentucky,  died  at  Clinton,  Ky.,  October  80. 

Taylor,  Thomas  M.,  fire  agent  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  January  25. 

Thomas,  Webb  M.,  fire  insurance  agent  and  secretary  of  the  local  board  at  Dayton, 
Tenn,,  died  in  February. 

Vinton,  Hammond,  of  the  Boston,  Mass.,  fire  agency  firm  of  Freeman  A  Vinton,  died 
at  Boston  of  pneumonia,  Dec(?mber  28, 1801,  aged  51  years. 

Walker,  J,  Wybora,  superintendent  of  the  Metropolitan  Life  of  New  York,  for  Canada, 
died  from  aix)plexy,  at  Toronto,  Ont.,  January  9,  aged  45  years. 

Wallace,  William  M.,  agent,  died  at  Chicago  May  14,  aped  67  years. 

Warner,  Daniel  B.,  western  general  agent  of  the  Phcenuc  of  London,  died  at  Chicago  of 
heart  disease,  March  19,  aged  58  years.  He  was  bom  at  Dayton,  O.,  July  8, 1833. 
His  early  business  career  was  somewhat  varied,  but  he  finally  became  interested  in 
the  Firemen's  insurance  company  of  Dayton,  and  in  1871  was  made  its  general 
agent.    In  1879,  when  the  Phoenix  of  Lonaon  entered  the  United  States.  Mr.  Warner 


t 


a^^ui..       Jill   JOII7,    tTiic^ii   lu^  A  iiuciiiA  tri   A.iv>iiuvii  ^iiici^^i  luc  t.  uii«:vi  cjvok^q*  a. 

joined  Us  service  and  was  its  we^^tern  manager  to  the  time  of  his  death. 


,    Williams,  John  C,  insnrance  superintendent  of  Missouri,  1881|to  1885,  died  at  Maoon, 
!  Ga.,  of  cancer,  January  17,  aged  64  years.  ^  t 

oogle 


Vj*. 


Dbpositb,  Special,  Rbquibbd  bt  Statbs.  76 

ToDDg,  I.  Fenwick,  Secretary  of  the  Franklin  Fire  of  Waehlngton,  died  Pebroary  1. 
Youne,  James  B.,  actuarv  of  the  American  Fire  of  PhiladelpluA,  died  Auguat  28. 
.  Zuberbler,  Herman,  preaident^f  the  Germania  of  New  Orleans,  died  March  5,  aged  66 
years. 

Delaware,  Insaraiice  Supervision  in,  1879-1898.  The  insurance 
department  of  this  state  was  established  by  act  of  the  legislature  March 
24,  1879.  The  insurance  commissioner  is  appointed  by  the  governor 
for  a  term  of  four  years.    The  commissioners  have  been : 

JohnR.  McFee, 187t>— 18M 

Henry  C.  Doaglass,  ....  1884—1886 

Nathan  Pratt, 1886—1889 

Isaac  N.  Fookd. 1889-1803 

Peter  E.  Meredith,  ....  1893— 

The  Delaware  department  reports  are  issued  biennially  and  there 
was  none  in  1892. 

Dennis,  Rodney,  secretary  of  the  Travelers  insurance  company  of 
Hartford,  was  born  at  Topfleld,  Mass.,  January  14,  1826.  At  the  age 
of  sixteen  he  obtained  a  clerkship  with  a  Hartford  merchant  and  re- 
mained ten  years  in  that  capacity.  He  was  afterwards  in  business  for 
himself  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  Albany,  K.  Y..  but  returned  to  Hartford 
to  accept  the  position  of  accountant  in  the  Phoenix  bank.  In  1864  he 
wiEis  appointed  secretary  of  the  Travelers.  Mr.  Dennis  is  prominently 
identided  with  many  iinuncial  and  charitable  institutions  of  Hartford, 
aud  was  one  of  the  founders  and  president  many  years  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Humane  Society. 

Denver  Life  Underwriters'  Association  was  organized  by  the  life 
insurance  managers  of  Colorado,  at  Denver,  April,  1892,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers:  Ira  B.  Jackson  of  the  Pacific  Mutual,  president;  Oliver 
Williams  of  the  Northwestern,  first  vice-president;  J.  L.  Stearns  of  the 
Mutual  Life,  second  vice-president;  A.  £.  Liverman  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Mutual,  secretary;  J.  H.  Harrison  of  the  Penn  Mutual,  treasurer; 
£.  C.  Oilman  of  the  Home  Life,  G.  A.  Ncwkirk  of  the  Mutual  Benefit, 
J.  8.  McFarland  of  the  Michigan  Mutual,  F.  Hughes  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Mutual,  and  J.  C.  Collum  of  the  Union  Central,  executive  com- 
mittee. 

Deposits,  Siieefal,  Required  by  States.  The  following  is  a  state- 
ment of  the  special  deposits  required  by  certain  states  from  insurance 
companies  of  other  states  or  countries  doing  business  therein: 


G^rf/ia.    By  fire  companies,  tS5,000. 

New  York.    By  fire,  hfc,  mariDe,  and  .         .  .  ^-  - 

000,  by  domcfltic  fife  corapanieo,  ^100,000,  by  domestic  casualty  and  guaranty  criHlit 


New  York.  *By  fire,  life,  marine,  and  casualty  com|ianic8  of  other  countries,  $900- 


oonipanles  to  an  amount  not  less  than  $l66,0d0  nor  more  than  $350,000.    Domestic  fire 
companies  and  all  insurance  companies  of  other  statcH  are  not  required  to  make  de- 
poeitM  except  in  the  case  of  the  latter  under  retaliatory  laws. 
Ohio.    By  forei{^  companies,  $100,000. 


Oregon.    By  Are  companies,  $60,000. 
"     "   '^aroli         •' 

ty  all  (excepi  ,         .  .  , 

In  bonds  of  Vir>rinia  or  the  unllfd  States  or  the  cities  of  Richmond,  Petersburg,  Lynch 


SotUk  Carolina.    By  surety  companies  bonding  state  and  county  officers,  $9R,000. 
Virgitua.    By  all  (except  assessment)  companies  five  per  centum  of  their  capital 


burg,  Norfolk,  Alexandria,  Winchester,  Staunton,  or  Danville,  such  deposit  to  be  not 
leas  than  $10,000  nor  more  than  $50,000,  and  no  single  bond  to  be  over  $10,000. 

Many  states  require  deposits  by  other  state  companies  if  they  have 
not  made  deposits  in  their  home  states,  and  by  companies  of  other 
countries  if  they  have  not  made  deposits  in  some  other  state  of  tlie 
United  States. 


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76  DoDD,  Amzi. 

In  states  having  reciprocal  or  retaliatory  laws  the  fire  insurance  com- 
panies of  Georgia,  Oregon,  and  Virginia,  the  life  and  other  insurance 
companies  of  Virginia,  and  the  surety  companies  of  South  Carolina,  if 
any,  are  required  to  make  the  same  deposits  as  the  last  named  states 
exact  of  like  companies  of  the  first-named  states. 

Dickson,  Robert.  United  States  manager  for  the  Roval  Exchange 
and  Pacific  coast  manager  for  the  Connecticut  Fire  and  Queen,  was 
born  in  Scotland  in  1845.  He  went  to  San  Francisco  in  1866  to  join 
the  mercantile  house  of  Cross  &  Co.,  who  were  general  agents  for  a 
number  of  insurance  companies.  Mr.  Dickson  became  their  insurance 
manager.  In  1877  he  associated  himself  with  the  British  consul,  Mr. 
Booker,  in  the  management  of  the  Imperial,  Northern,  and  Queen. 
He  succeeded  Mr.  Booker  as  sole  manager  in  1882.  The  Imperial 
withdrew  from  the  combination  in  1886,  and  in  1891  the  London 
Assurance  and  the  Northern  were  transfeixed.  Mr.  Dickson  now 
represents  the  companies  first  named. 

District  of  Columbia,  Insurance  Supervision  in.  The  whole 
question  of  insurance  supervision  in  the  District  of  Columbia  is 
placed  by  act  of  congress  under  the  license  branch  of  the  office  of  the 
assessor.  The  companies,  when  duly  authorized  to  transact  businet« 
in  the  district  by  the  district  commissioners,  are  licensed  (by  their 
agents)  and  pay  their  taxes  through  the  regular  channels  in  the 
assessor's  ofiice.  Section  8  of  the  act  of  congress  regulating  the  busi- 
ness of  insurance  in  the  district  provided : 

That  every  fire  insurance  company,  to  entitle  itself  to  the  written  authority  by 
'         '    1  to  tranaact  buslncM  In  t"     ^••-     ^  ..  . 
ling  a  rein»uraDce  res 
>on  one -year  risks,  anc 
ire  risks     Every  com 

I  eqnal  to  iu  liablUlIes,  in  _  _, 

the  total  premiums  charged  upon  all  unexpired  iuland  or  marine  riska.    Every  life 


this  act  required  to  transact  business  in  the  district,  shall  have  assets  eqnal  to  its 

ii_i_flttAi-—     in  ~* " " ■* ' ' ^   fi  — i-Jii*— «   -  _    .«■  A.  _  _   _    _  _ ^ «  p 

1  upon  one -year  rl 

,, ir  ire  risks     Every  c  ._^    ^  „  

haveasfets  equal  to  its  liabilities.  Including  a  relnnu ranee  reserve  liability  squal  to 


liabilities,  including  a  reinsurance  reserve  liability  eqnal  to  flftv  per  centum  of  premi- 
ums received  upon  one-year  risks,  and  an  amount  proportioned  to  the  unexpired  time 
upon  all  other  lire  risks     Everv  company  doing  an  inland  or  marine  business  shall 


insurance  company,  excepting  those  organized  upon  the  plan  of  assessmenta  on  their 
members,  shall  have  assets  eqnal  to  its  liabilities,  including  a  reserve  liability  com- 

Ented  upon  the  basis  of  the  American  experience  table  of  mortality,  at  four  and  one- 
alf  per  centum  interest.  Before  issuing  any  written  authority  to  any  company  to 
transact  basiness  in  the  district,  the  commissioners,  or  a  majority  of  them,  aball 
satisfy  themselves  that  such  company  has  complied  with  tho  law;  and  at  any  time 
thereafter  they  shall  revoke  such  authority  when  satisfied  that  such  company  baa 
fallen  below  such  requirements. 

The  present  assessor  of  the  district,  through  whose  ofiice  the  busi- 
ness is  transacted,  is  Matbew  Trimble.     [See  Trimble,  Mathew.] 

District  of  Columbia  Life  Underwriters  Association*  [See 
Life  Underwriters  Association  of  the  District  of  Columbia.] 
^^»Dodd,  Amzi,  president  of  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  insurance  com- 
pany, was  born  at  Bloomfield.  N.  J.,  March  2.  1823.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  College  in  1841,  and  admitted  to  the  Newark  bar  in 
1848.  He  practiced  law  with  Frederick  T.  Frelioghuysen  and  alone 
until  1871,  when  he  was  appointed  vice-chancellor  of  New  Jersey.  He 
resigned  that  ofiice  in  1875,  was  reappointed  in  1881,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  year  again  resigned  to  become  president  of  the  Mutual  Benefit. 
Mr.  Dodd  has  been  for  many  years  one  of  the  Riparian  Commissioners 
of  New  Jersey,  has  been  in  the  state  legislature,  a  justice  of  court  of 
errors  and  appeals,  etc.  He  brought  to  the  service  of  the  company  a 
special  knowledge  of  the  mathematics  of  the  business,  having  been  the 


Ducat,  Arthuk  C.  W 

mathematician  of  the  company  since  1863,  and  having  given  a  great 
ddal  of  study  to  life  insurance'matters  both  here  and  in  England. 

^ornin,  Ueorgre  D.,  manager  for  the  National  Fire  of  Hartford  for 
the  Pacific  coast,  was  bom  in  New  York  city,  December  80,  1880. 
His  first  business  employment  was  in  a  Wall  street  broker's  office.  He 
was  a  **  Forty- uiner"  in  California,  roughed  it  in  various  vocations 
until  he  was  appointed  San  Francisco  agent  of  the  Phoenix  of  Hartford 
in  1803.  In  1871  as  general  agent  of  the  Fireman's  Fund,  he  went  to 
Chicago  to  adjust  the  losses  of  the  company  in  the  great  fire.  He  was 
the  very  active  secretary  of  the  company  from  1871  to  1881,  when  he 
resigned  to  take  the  coast  management  for  the  Lion  of  London.  In 
1886  the  Imperial,  and  in  1888  the  National  of  Hartford  were  added 
to  his  agency,  but  in  1891  he  relinquished  all  except  the  latter  com- 
pany to  which  he  solely  devotes  his  time. 

^^i#owniiig,  Jerome  F..  manager  of  the  western  department  of  the 
Insurance  Company  of  North  America  and  the  Pennsylvania  Fire, 
with  headquarters  at  Erie,  Pa.,  was  born  at  Enfield,  Mass.,  March  24, 
18d7.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  reaching  manhood  entered 
journalism  in  his  native  state,  and  subsequently  was  editor-in-chief  of 
the  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Daily  Post.  While  teaching  school  at  Carlisle,  Pa., 
he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  that  place,  and  in  1855 
removed  to  Erie.  Here  he  acquired  a  lucrative  practice  and  was 
district  attorney  of  the  county.  In  1864,  he  was  offered  the  western 
management  of  the  North  America,  which,  being  disinclined  to  give 
up  his  profession,  he  accepted  with  hesitation,  and  with  the  stipula- 
tion that  the  headquarters  of  the  company  should  be  at  Erie.  The 
management  of  the  Pennsylvania  Fire  was  added  in  1874.  Mr. 
Downing  is  classed  with  the  greater  of  the  western  underwriters.  He 
has  large  business  interests  in  western  Pennsylvania,  and  is  prominent 
in  public  affairs. 

'  Dryden,  John  F.,  president  of  the  Prudential  insurance  company 
of  America,  was  the  founder  of  the  company  which  he  originated, 
after  a  careful  study  of  the  methods  of  the  great  London  company  of 
the  same  name.  On  the  organization  of  his  company  in  1875,  Mr. 
Dryden  was  chosen  its  secretary  and  manager  and  succeeded  its  first 
president,  Mr.  Blanchard,  on  the  death  of  that  official  in  1881. 

Ducat,  Arthur  C,  western  manager  for  the  Home  of  New  York, 
at  Chicago,  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  February  24,  1830,  and 
removed  to  the  United  States  when  he  was  nineteen  years  old  to  follow 
the  profession  of  a  civil  engineer.  At  the  time  the  civil  war  broke 
out,  he  was  secretary  and  chief  surveyor  of  the  Chicago  Board  of 
Underwriters.  He  went  to  the  front  as  a  private  in  12th  Illinois 
infantry,  and  during  his  four  years  army  service,  which  was  arduous 
and  exciting,  rose  rapidly  until  he  reached  the  rank  of  inspector- 
general.  He  was  General  Rosecrans'  senior  staff  officer  at  the  battle  of 
Corinth.  When  the  war  closed  the  Home  of  New  York  appointed  him 
to  supervise  its  business  in  the  western  field,  and  soon  after  made  him 
its  general  agent  in  Chicago.  He  associated  with  him  Mr.  Qeo.  AL 
Lyon,  and  the  firm  is  known  as  Ducat,  Lvon  &  Co.  General  Ducat 
is  the  author  of  a  valuable  text-book  on  fire  underwriting,  has  filled 


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78  DuTTOH,  William  J. 

many  positions  of  public  and  private  trust  in  Chicago,  and  has  been 
major-general  of  the  State  forces  of  Illinois. 

Dudley,  James  F.,  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  i£tna  insurance 
company  of  Hartford,  December  7,  1892  He  is  a  native  of  Maine 
and  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College,  in  the  class  of  1865.  For  some 
years  he  was  principal  of  the  Thomaston  High  School.  He  began  bis 
insurance  life  in  the  local  agency  business  in  Bangor,  and  then 
became  special  agent  in  Pennsylvania  for  the  North  British  and  Mer- 
cantile. He  entered  the  service  of  the  i£tna  in  the  same  field,  and 
remained  for  a  number  of  years,  when  he  was  transferred  to  New 
York  State  as  special  agent  and  adjuster.  His  next  step  was  a  return 
to  the  North  British  and  Mercantile,  for  four  years  as  assistant  man- 
ager for  the  United  States,  with  his  oflice  in  New  York.  In  1888  he 
accepted  the  office  of  assistant  secretary  of  the  iEtna,  which  he  held 
until  his  promotion  to  the  secretaryship. 

^Diidlev,  Walter  W.,  United  States  branch  manager  of  the  Man- 
chester Fire  assurance  company  of  England,  was  bom  at  Guilford, 
Conn.,  and  removed  to  Wisconsin  at  an  early  age.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  fire  Insurance  business  as  local  a^nt  at  LiaCrosse  in  1867,  and  after- 
wards served  successively  as  special  affent  for  the  St.  Paul  Fire  and 
Marine  and  the  Qerman-American.  Mr.  Dudlev  remained  with  the 
latter  company  eight  years,  when  he  went  to  Dakota  and  conducted  a 
banking  business.  Returning  to  Chicago  after  three  years'  absence  be 
was  made  the  assistant  manager  of  the  western  department  of  the 
North  British  and  Mercantile;  was  afterwards  manager,  until  his 
appointnent  In  1890,  as  manager  of  the  Manchester. 

Dnncan,  Henry  F.,  insurance  commissioner  of  Kentucky,  was 
born  near  Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  March  18,  1854.  Since  his  school  days 
his  business  life  has  been  passed  in  the  office  of  the  state  auditor  of 
Kentucky,  which  he  entered  in  1876.  He  was  appointed  clerk  in  the 
insurance  division  in  1882,  and  subsequently  deputy  insurance  com- 
missioner, and  November  11,  1889,  was  advanced  to  the  commiasion- 
ership. 

Dnryea,  George  S.,  commissioner  of  banking  and  insurance  of  New 
Jersey,  was  born  at  Newark  in  that  State,  in  1850.  He  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  has  been  clerk  in  chancery,  and  United  States  district 
attorney  for  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Duryea  succeeded  Col.  Harvey,  the 
first  commissioner  under  the  new  law  in  1891. 

D*Uta88y,  George  F.,  general  agent  of  the  Phccniz  of  Hartford  for 
Maryland.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

latton,  William  J.,  president  of  the  Fireman's  Fund  insurance 
company  of  San  Francisco,  was  born  at  Bangor,  Me.,  January  23, 
1847.  His  father  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  California,  an  incorpora- 
tor of  the  Fireman's  Fund,  and  served  for  some  years  as  its  vice-presi- 
dent. Mr.  Dutton  was  taken  from  the  office  of  the  North  British  and 
Mercantile  in  1870,  when  the  Fireman's  Fund  established  its  marine 
department,  and  appointed  marine  clerk.  In  1869  he  was  elected 
marine  secretary,  and  in  1878  assistant  secretary  in  charge  of  the 
marine  business.  On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Dornin  in  1880,  Mr. 
Dutton  was  elected  secretary  of  the  company.    In  1890  he  was  elected 


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Electbio  Light  Wires.  79 

vice-president,  and  in  addition  in  1892,  vice-president  of  the  Home 
Mutual  of  San  Francisco.  He  is  an  expert  in  marine  underwriting. 
^■»  Dn  YaI,  W.  S.,  compact  manager  for  tlie  Pacific  Insurance  Union 
was  born  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1847,  and  was  educated  at  tlie 
School  of  Mines  of  Columbia  College,  New  York.  He  went  to  Cali- 
fornia in  1868,  and  was  engaged  in  practical  mining  many  years.  In 
1885  he  became  an  employe  of  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union,  serving  as 
surveyor  in  different  places  within  its  jurisdiction.  In  1890  he  was 
appointed  general  manager. 

E 

Eastern  New  York  Life  Underwriters'  Association.  [See  Life 
Underwriters'  Association  of  New  York.] 

East  Texas  insurance  company  of  Tyler,  which  disposed  of  its 
agency  business  in  18ifl,  re-insured  its  Texas  risks  in  the  Fire  Associa- 
tion of  Philadelphia  and  Syndicate  of  Minneapolis  in  February,  1892. 
^^ Eaton,  Henry  W.,  resident  manager  in  New  York  of  the  Liverpool 
and  London  and  Globe  insurance  company,  is  a  native  of  London  where 
he  was  born  in  1848,  and  received  his  insurance  education  in  the  office  of 
this  company.  He  represented  it  at  Bristol,  £ng.,  in  1876  and  came  to 
New  York  in  1878  as  assistant  manager  of  the  New  York  branch  under 
Mr.  Pulsford.  Upon  the  retirement  of  that  gentleman  in  1887  became 
resident  manager.  Mr.  Eaton  is  also  vice-president  and  treasurer  of 
the  Omaha  &  St.  Louis  railroad. 

Edgerly,  Martin  T«  B.,  president  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life 
insurance  company,  was  born  at  Barnstead,  N.  H.,  September  26, 
1888.  His  first  insurance  experience  was  with  the  company  of  which 
he  is  now  the  head.  In  1860  he  began  to  solicit  business  for  it,  was 
appointed  general  agent  for  New  Hampshire  in  1861,  with  Vermont 
and  Northern  New  York  afterwards  added,  superintendent  of  agencies 
in  1869,  Boston  general  agent  in  1874,  second  vice-president  in  1883, 
rice-president  in  1885,  and  president  in  1886.  Col.  Edgerly  while  Hy- 
ing in  New  Hampshire  was  a  prominent  party  leader,  and  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  governor  in  1882,  coming  within  a  few  votes 
of  election. 

Eleetrical  Inspectors'  Meeting.  A  meeting  of  electrical  inspect- 
ors of  companies,  held  December  7,  1892,  organized  the  Underwriters' 
International  Electrical  Association,  which  see. 

Electric  Light  Wires,  Grounding  of.  The  New  York  [Board  of 
Fire  Underwriters  notified  the  Edison  Electric  Lighting  Company  that 
intentional  grounding  of  any  part  of  its  equipment  was  a  violation  of 
the  rules  of  the  board,  and  that  all  ground  on  electric  circuits  must  be 
removed  on  or  before  October  1, 1892.  The  electric  company  resisted 
the  order,  contending  that  its  experts  had  declared  that  the  grounding 
was  not  dangerous  and  the  directions  of  the  board  were  unreasonable. 
The  board  insisted  on  a  compliance,  and  after  a  controversy  which  in- 
volved some  bitterness  the  electric  company  yielded,  whereupon  the 
board  instructed  its  survey  department  to  resume  the  inspection  of  the 
Edison  installations  and  plants  in  the  city  and  to  issue  certificates  of 
approval  when  proper  to  do  so.  IqIp 


80  Equitable  LiFte  Assurancb  SociSTt. 

Electric  Matnal  insurance  compaay  of  Boston,  a  company  making 
a  specialty  of  insuring  electrical  risks,  retired  from  business  in  Jan- 
uary, 1892,  its  risks  being  re-insured  by  the  Home  insurance  company 
of  New  York. 

Electric  Railways,  Fire  Hazard  Increased  by.    [See  Trolley.] 

Ellerbee,  W.  H.,  comptroller-general  of  South  Carolina,  having 
supervision  of  insurance,  was  born  at  Marion,  S.  C,  in  1836  His  vo- 
cation is  that  of  a  planter.  *  He  was  elected  to  his  present  office  in  1890. 

Ellis,  George,  actuary  of  the  Travelers  insurance  company  of  Hart- 
ford, was  born  in  that  city  in  September,  1843.  He  entered  the  navy 
in  1863  and  served  through  ihe  remainder  of  the  civil  war,  and  from 
1866  to  1872  he  engaged  in  railroad  civil  engineering  in  the  northwest- 
ern states.     He  was  appointed  actuary  of  the  Travelers  in  June,  1874. 

Endowment  Assessment  Orders.  The  downfall  of  the  Iron  Hall, 
the  largest  and  most  pretentious  of  the  endowment  orders,  in  the 
autumn  of  1892,  precipitated  the  ruin  of  the  remainder.  The  relentless 
war  waged  upon  the  Massachusetts  concerns  by  Insurance  Commis- 
sioner Merrill  resulted  in  the  overthrow  of  the  entire  business  in  the 
state  which  had  been  pre-eminent  in  giving  it  birth  and  vogue.  Com- 
'missioner  Merrill,  in  his  life  insurance  report  for  1898,  said: 

With  the  passage  of  the  act  to  wlud  up  the  affnire  of  the  e\0\t  remaining  MasMcha- 
eetta  endowment  oraere,  the  last  offlcial  chaptvr  in  this  cxtraortllnary  craze  will  tie  writ- 
ten, and  it  only  renmins  for  the  receivers  to  be  solectiHl,  and  for  these  officers,  with 
those  previously  appointed  by  decree  of  the  courts,  to  close  up  ihe  accounts  and  dir- 
tribute  the  remaining  assets.  The  compilations  of  their  condition  disappear  from  the 
insurance  report,  and  their  returns  no  longer  disAgun>  the  records  of  the  department. 
During  their  brief  existence  the  fifiv-six  Massachusetts  corporations  of  this  class  gath- 
ered a  membership  of  364,000,  and  collected  from  tiie  certificate  holders  over  $13,50£000. 
From  this  sum  less  than  nine  i)er  cent,  of  the  membership  received  in  payment  or  the 
etirlier  matured  certificates  over  $3,000,000,  while  above  $:;2,000,000  was  piiid  in  claims 
for  sickness,  a  laree  proportion  of  this  to  certitlcato  holders  in  excess  of  their  contribu- 
tions, and  with  the  natural  result  of  the  immi-diute  disappearance  of  these  enriched 
members  from  the  rolls,  at  the  cost  of  those  remaining.  Nearly  ^,000,000  —  one-half 
undeniably  if  not  undisguisedly  a  steal  — went  into  the  pockets  of  the  promoters  and 
officers  as  "expenses,"  leaving  ut  the  end  only  about  $3,500,000  for  distribution  to  the 
remnant  of  830,000  members,  only  a  tritle  more  than  wus  (;()bbk-d  by  the  30,000  who  g«>t 
in  "on  tlie  ground  floor,"  which  list,  of  course,  included  all  of  the  "  supremee,"  their 
'*  sisters,  cousins,  and  aunts.''  The  total  amount  of  ttie  obligations  upon  the  ccrtiBcaces 
issued  by  these  corporations  in  exemplifying  their  wondorfiil  '*new  system  of  finance"' 


for  the  benefit  of  tJie  poor  ix?ople,  and  towunls  meeting  w  hich  a  paltry  $8,500,000  was 
altogether  collected,  was  nearly  $1 20,000 ,tX)0.  It  is  doubtful  if  the  world's  history, 
whether  in  the  South  Sea  bubble,  th*^  Dutch  tulip  mania,  or  the  Mississippi  scheme,  pre- 


sents a  parallel  to  the  ghost  dance  in  which  the  {Myopic  were  led  by  this  wild  and  found 
ationless  gambling  infatuation. 

Engineers,  Fire,  National  Association  of.  [See  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Fire  Engineers.] 

Engiisli,  Joel  li.,  secretary  of  the  i£tna  Life  insurance  company, 
is  a  native  of  Woodstock,  Vt.  In  1867  he  entered  the  Hartford  office  of 
the  .^tna  Life  as  a  clerk,  and  his  entire  business  life  has  been  passed 
there.     He  was  appointed  secretary  in  February,  1872. 

Equitable  Life  assurance  society  of  the  United  States,  at  the 
annual  meeting  held  on  February  17, 1893,  adopted  resolutions  eulogistic 
of  John  A.  McCall,  upon  the  occasion  of  his  retirement  from  the 
comptrollership,  and  elected  Thomas  D.  Jordan,  formerly  assistant 
secretary  and  Mr.  McCall's  deputy  for  some  time,  comptroller.     He 

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£tai78,  Hsnkt  81 

had  been  with  the  company  from  its  organization  in  1859,  when  he 
was  its  errand  boy  on  wages  of  $100  per  annum,  and  had  been  pro- 
moted through  successive  grades  for  efficiency  in  each.  The  office  of 
treasurer  was  created  and  Sidney  Dillon  Ripley,  formerly  cashier, 
appointed  to  the  new  position.  Further  appointments  were  Michael 
Murray,  cashier  ;  Francis  W.  Jackson,  auditor ;  and  W.  P.  Halsted, 
collector ;  all  promotions  from  lower  grades. 

The  company  appointed  Dr.  Qrundler  of  Berlin,  general  manager 
for  Germany,  in  March,  1892,  and  increased  its  Prussian  Deposit  fund 
to  16,000.000  marks. 

The  Boston  office  of  the  company  was  reorganized  in  June,  1892, 
by  the  formation  of  the  firm  of  Niver,  San  ford  &  Cranston,  to  manage 
the  business  of  Boston  and  neighborhood.  Mr.  J.  B.  Niver  had  been 
the  solicitor  of  the  office  for  nine  years.  Mr.  S.  K.  Sanford  was  an 
agent  for  a  large  wool  house,  and  Mr.  J.  L.  Cranston  had  recently 
graduated  from  Harvard  and  been  a  solicitor  for  the  company  for  a 
year. 

A  report  having  been  revived  in  December,  1892,  and  circulated  by 
the  daily  newspapers,  that  certain  holders  of  the  stock  of  the  Equita- 
ble had  been  offered  almost  fabulous  sums  for  their  shares  by  specu- 
lators desirous  of  obtaining  control  of  the  company  and  its  large  sur- ' 
plus,  an  authorized  denial  was  made  and  a  statement  of  facts  regard- 
ing the  stock  of  the  company,  by  an  official,  published.  At  the  time 
the  company  was  organized,  though  it  was  intended  to  be,  as  it  is, 
mutual  in  principle,  the  law  required  the  deposit  with  the  State  of 
$100,000,  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith  and  for  the  protection  of  policy- 
holders. This  guarantee  capital  has  furnished  the  basis  of  the  misrep- 
resentation of  the  Equitable  as  a  stock  company.  The  following  is 
the  statement : 

The  incorporators  of  the  Eqnitable  deliberately  limited  the  dividend  on  their  capital 
for  all  time,  to  7  per  cent,  (then  the  legal  rate  in  New  York),  making  it  a  siipiilation  of 
the  charter.    The  cflpital  of  the  society  ie  therefore  worth  only  what  any  other  abeo 
':  with  a  permanent  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  is  worth,  plus  th« 
ering  the  holder  eligible  as  a  director,  providi 
:lety  to  become  a  memlx*r  of  its  board.    The 
ch,  for  example,  as  have  got  on  the  marke 
nnected  with  the  society,  who  know  the  vah 
pay  perhaps  $250  or  $300  for  them.    They 'are  not  worth  more. 


lately  secure  stock  with  a  permanent  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  is  worth,  plus  the  additional 

-       ^ "'    {heisi     

are  on 

„  ,    ^ „  itthed      

estate.    Those  connected  with  the  society,  who  know  the  value  of  these  shares  would 


advantage  of  rendering  the  holder  eligible  as  a  director,  providing  he  is  invii 
conducting  the  society  to  become  a  memlx*r  of  its  board.  There  are  only  t 
floating  %bout,  such,  for  example,  as  have  got  on  the  market  at  the  divij 


it  is  false  that  the  stockholders  own  the  surplus.    The  charter  settles  that  point 
In  addition  to  this,  oar  policy  contracts  are  so  drawn  that  even  if  the  charter  did  i 

set ^' ^   " 

of 

&  the  officers  of  the  society  should  divert  from  the" policy-holders  for  the  benefit  of  the 


policy  contracts  are  so  drawn  that  even  If  the  charter  did  not 

Id  be  impossible  for  the  sharet 

above  the  7  per  cent,  on  the  capit      ,  _ 

thcr  or  nearly  earned  by  the  investment  of  the  capital  itself).    There  can  be  no  doubt 


settle  Uie  matter,  it  wouid  be  impossible  for  the  shareholders  to  appropriate  any  part 
of  the  surplus  over  and  above  the  7  per  cent,  on  the  capital  (which  7  per  cent,  is  alto- 


stockholders  a  dollar  of  the  surplus,  an  injunction  would  at  once  hold  against  them. 

The  following  paragraphs  from  the  charter  of  the  Equitable  are  conclusive  on  these 
points  as  to  the  dividend  value  of  the  stock  and  the  interest  of  the  policy-holders. 

Prom  Art.  8  :  —  "  The  holders  of  the  said  capital  stock  may  receive  a  semi-annual 
dividend  on  the  stock  so  held  by  them,  not  to  exceed  three  and  one-half  per  cent,  of 
the  same." 

From  Art.  6  :  — ''  The  insurance  business  of  the  company  shall  be  conducted  upon 
the  mutual  plan.'' 

^^£Taii8,  Henry,  vice-president  of  the  Continental  insurance  company 
of  New  York,  was  born  at  Houston,  Texas,  April  14,  1860.  Some 
time  after  the  close  of  the  war  ho  went  to  New  York  where  he  was 
educated,  graduating  from  the  Columbia  College  School  of  Mines  to 
enter  the  service  of  the  Continental  in  March,  1878,  as  a  junior  clerk 

6  ........ Ogle 


d2  Fatmonyille,  Bernard. 

.at  $30  per  month  salary.  In  January,  1880,  he  left  the  company  to 
learn  the  other  side  of  the  fire  insurance  business  in  the  city  brokerage 
office  of  T.  B.  Nutting.  Jr.  President  Hope  recalled  him  to  the  Con- 
tinental in  October,  and  for  several  years  he  worked  at  most  of  the 
desks  in  the  office  connected  with  the  agency  department.  He  suc- 
ceeded the  late  Mr.  Townsend  as  secretary  of  the  agency  department 
May  10,  1888,  was  elected  second  Tice-president,  retaining  the  agency 
department,  in  1889,  and  vice-president  January  14,  1892.  Since  Mr. 
Evans  has  been  an  officer  of  the  company  he  has  done  a  great  deal  of 
field  work  for  it  all  over  the  United  States.  He  resides  in  New  York 
and  is  a  member  of  Tammany  Hall  organization. 

Erans,  Nelson  F.,  late  president  of  the  Spring  Garden  insurance 
company  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  director  of  the  Spring  Garden  Bank, 
was  arrested  March  7,  1892,  charged  with  the  embezzlement  of  $60,000 
belonging  to  the  bank.  He  was  tried  and  convicted  in  December 
following  and  sentenced  to  seven  years'  imprisonment  in  the  peniten- 
tiary. 

Exchange  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York,  which  reinsured 
its  risks  in  the  Lancashire  of  England  in  September,  1891,  resumed 
^     business  in  Februcuy,  1892.    It  went  out  of  business  a  second  time  in 
March,  1893,  having  been  badly  injured  in  the  Boston  fire  of  March 
10. 


*Fackler,  David  Parks,  actuary,  was  bom  in  Virginia,  April  4, 
1841,  and  is  a  descendent  of  several  prominent  Virginia  families.  He 
removed  with  his  parents  to  New  York  in  1844,  and,  having  completed  his 
collegiate  career  in  1859,  entered  the  actuarial  department  of  the  Mutual 
Life,  where  he  remained  until  1866,  when  he  resigned  to  become  con- 
sulting actuary  in  New  York  for  a  number  of  companies.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of  America  and  its  president 
in  1892.  Mr.  Fackler  is  a  voluminous  writer  on  actuarial  subjects  and 
a  frequent  contributor  to  the  periodical  press.  ^ 

Factory  Insurance  Association.  This  organization  in  the  east- 
ern and  middle  states  is  composed  of  the  ^tna,  American  Fire  of  New 
York,  German-American,  Hanover  Fire,  Liverpool  and  London  and 
Globe,  Merchants  of  Newark,  National  Fire  of  Connecticut,  Niagara, 
Pheniz,  Phoenix  of  Hartford,  Providence- Washington,  Queen, 
Sun  of  London,  Continental,  London  and  Lancashire,  and  the  Insur- 
ance Company  of  North  America.  At  the  annual  meeting  at  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  April  21.  1892,  George  P.  Sheldon  of  the  Phenix  was 
elected  president  and  J.  F.  Dudley,  secretary. 

Factory  Insurance  Association,  Western.  [See  Western  Factory 
Insurance  Association.] 

Failures  of  Fire  Insurance  Companies  in  1892.  [See  Rein- 
sured and  Failed  Fire  Insurance  Companies,  also  Mutual  Insurance 
Companies.] 

■^'  Faymonville,  Bernard,  secretary  of  the  Fireman's  Fund  insurance 
company  of  San  Francisco,  was  born  in  a  suburb  of  Chicago,  111.,  and 


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FiDBLiTY  Mutual  Lifb  Association.  83 

passed  his  early  years  on  an  Illinois  farm.  He  went  into  an  insurance 
office  in  Chicago  in  1874,  and  in  1877  migrated  to  California,  settling 
at  Fresno,  where  he  secured  the  local  agency  of  forty-three  insurance 
companies.  He  was  appointed  a  special  agent  by  the  Fireman's  Fund 
in  1881  and  its  secretary  in  1890. 

Ferin^BOn,  Charles  H.,  general  agent  of  the  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company  for  Illinois,  was  born  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  in  1846.  In  early 
youUi  he  was  employed  in  the  crockery  business  at  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
and  went  to  the  war  as  a  member  of  the  89th  Wisconsin  volunteers. 
When  he  returned,  he  was  for  some  time  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railway  and  in  1870  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Mutual 
Life  as  a  solicitor.  He  was  appointed  cashier  at  the  Chicago  office  of 
the  company  and  in  1883  became  the  Chicago  local  agent  and  in  1887 
the  general  agent  for  Illinois. 

g^ Ferry,  Dexter  M.,  president  of  the  Standard  Life  and  Accident 
insurance  company  of  Detroit,  was  born  at  Lowville,  Lewis  county, 
K.  Y.,  in  1833.  He  was  a  farmer's  boy,  until  in  1852  he  went  to 
Detroit  and  found  employment  in  a  book  store.  In  1856  he  entered 
the  seed  business  in  the  same  city  as  a  junior  partner,  and  is  now  its 
bead,  the  company  being  one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 
Ue  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Standard  in  1884  and  has  been  its 
president  from  the  beginning  and  is  also  vice-president  of  the  Michigan 
Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  company. 

Fidelity  and  Casualty  company  of  New  York.  President  William 
M.  Richards  died  September  28,  1892,  and  at  a  meeting  of  the  directors 
October  19  following  Vice-President  George  F.  Seward  was  elected  to 
succeed  him.  Secretary  Robert  J.  Hillas  was  elected  vice-president, 
and  Assistant  Secretary  Shaw  was  appointed  secretary. 

Fidelity  Mutual  Life  association  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  incor- 
porated under  the  lawa  of  Pennsylvania  in  1878.  The  founder  of  the 
Association,  L.  G.  Fouse,  who  has  on  principle  been  opposed  to  the 
net  valuation  system  imposed  by  what  is  commonly  known  as  the 
• '  Legal  Reserve  Law."  This  association  was,  therefore,  organized  un- 
der £ter  laws,  which,  while  avoiding  technical  liability  and  affording 
greater  freedom  in  the  adoption  of  plans,  are,  it  is  claimed,  more  strict 
and  stringent  in  the  matter  of  accountability  than  the  '*  Legal  Reserve 
Laws."  The  *'  Fouse  Plans,"  adopted  and  operated  by  this  association, 
"are  adjusted  in  conformity  with,  and  by,  past  insurance  experience. 
Instead  of  using  the  ^  and  d»  of  one  of  the  standard  mortality  tables 
as  the  basis  of  the  premiums  and  policy  values,  which  must  be  done 
under  the  Legal  lieserve  Law,  the  \x^  and  9(«>n  are  taken.  The 
distinction  between  the  former  and  the  latter  is  that  the  former 
assumes  that  death  is  the  only  way  out  of  an  insurance  company, 
which  experience  proves  to  be  untrue.  The  latter  assumes  nothing, 
but  is  based  on  fact.  The  symbol  d(a)n represents  the  decrement:  that 
is  to  say,  the  deaths  and  lapses  of  past  insurance  experience." 

The  principle  involved  in  the  assessment  idea  is  that  the  rate  to  be 
paid  by  the  insured  shall  be  named  by  the  association's  authority  or  by 
its  officers,  rather  than  fixed  by  law.  Under  the  old  system,  or  Legal 
Reserve,  the  net  premiums  and  the  policy  values  are  fixed  by  law. 


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84  Field,  Gborob^P. 

This  not  only  makes  the  premium  high,  but  exposes  the  insured  to 
technical  hazards  arising  from  depreciation  in  the  value  of  securities, 
reduction  in  the  rate  of  interest,  variation  in  mortality,  etc.  Under 
the  improved  method  adopted  b^  the  Fidelity,  the  premiums  are 
nearly  one-third  less,  and  the  policy  values,  after  the  eighth  policy 
year,  become  correspondingly  greater  than  under  the  old  system. 

The  practical  effect  of  the  Improved  method  is  to  favor  persisting 
members,  not  only  by  way  of  reducing  the  premiums  to  be  paid,  but 
also  by  enhancing  the  policy  values  in  the  later  policy  years  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  earlier  years,  when  lapses  for  the  most  part  occur.  No 
valuation  is  made  as  a  test  of  ^Ivency,  but  it  is  done  quinquennially 
to  determine  the  sufficiency  of  the  premiums  paid.  If  the  decrement 
experienced  by  this  company  should  differ  materially  in  the  course  of 
five  years  from  that  of  past  insurance  experience,  it  would  result  either 
in  a  surplus  or  a  deficiency.  If  the  former,  it  would  be  credited  to  the 
members  under  the  compound  bonus  system  in  proportion  to  their 
respective  interests;  and.  if  the  latter,  it  would  be  charged. 

if  charged,  a  member  will  be  given  a  statement  of  his  policy  ac- 
count and  notice  of  the  amount  due,  which  he  is  privileged  to  pay 
within  thirty  days;  or,  if  not  paid,  it  will  remain  as  a  charge  against 
the  policy,  and,  together  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per 
annum,  will  be  deducted  therefrom  when  it  becomes  a  claim.  This 
feature  renders  the  security  absolute,  because  the  resources  are  flexible, 
and,  therefore,  adjusted  to  the  needs  of  the  company.  Abuse  of  the 
flexible  resources  is  prohibited  by  limiting  the  expense  of  management 
in  the  policy  contracts.  Each  member  contributes,  after  the  first  policy 
year,  the  uniform  sum  of  $4  per  |1,000  insurance,  regardless  of  age, 
for  expense  of  management;  and  all  other  payments  made  by  him  are 
a  trust  for  the  discharge  of  policy  claims,  and  must  be  so  applied. 

The  objects  for  which  payments  are  made  are  expressly  stipulated 
and  set  forth  in  the  policy  contract:  so  much  for  expense;  so  much  for 
current  mortality;  and  so  much  for  the  Equation  Fund,  the  purpose  of 
which  is  to  level  up  the  cost  of  the  insurance  during  the  term  for  which 
the  policy  is  written. 

The  Fidelity  is  licensed  in  thirty  five  states,  and  at  the  end  of  its 
fourteenth  year  had  $42,000,000  insurance  in  force,  and  a  cash  surplus 
of  $613,000.  It  has  paid  nearly  two  millions  of  dollars  in  death  losses, 
and  its  new  business  averages  one  million  and  a  half  per  month.  Its 
officers  are  L.  Q.  Fouse,  president;  O.  C.  Bosbyshell,  vice-president; 
W.  S.  Campbell,  attorney  and  secretary;  Arthur  Thacher,  treasurer; 
S.  C.  Boiling,  superintendent  of  agents. 

^  Field,  George  P.,  of  Scull  &  Field,  managers  of  the  Royal  insur- 
ance company  for  New  England,  was  born  at  Searsmont,  Me.,  Octo- 
ber 17, 1844. '  He  was  clerk  in  his  father's  agency  at  Belfast  for  several 
years.  In  1866  he  became  assistant  secretary  of  a  local  company  at 
Bangor  and  later  moved  to  Worcester  and  became  secretary  of  the 
First  National  Fire.  In  1878  he  went  to  Boston  as  special  agent  of  the 
Royal,  under  Foster  &  Scull.  There  he  was  successively  made  gen- 
eral agent  and  superintendent  of  agencies,  and  finally  a  member  of  the 
firm  in  1886.  The  firm  at  present  is  Scull  &  Field,  and  it  also  repre- 
sents the  Insurance  Company  of  North  America  and  the  American  Fire 


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FiRB  Inbttrance  Rbbultb  in  1892.  85 

of  Philadelphia  at  Boston.  Mr.  Field  was  president  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Insurance  Exchange  in  1885. 

Field  Men  Appointed  in  1892.    [See  Agents,  General.] 

Fire  Engineers,  National  Association  of.  [See  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Fire  Engineers.] 

Fire  Insurance:  Financial  condition  and  business  of  the  princi- 
pal agency  companies  doing  business  in  the  United  States  in  1891  and 
1893.    Comparative  statement.     [See  Tables  in  Appendix.] 

Fire  Insurance  Companies  Failed  in  1892.  [See  Reinsured 
and  Failed  Companies,  also  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Companies.] 

Fire  Insurance  Company  of  the  Conntjr  of  Philadelphia. 
Secretary  Charles  R.  Peck  was  elected  vice-president  and  Frank  M. 
Crittenden,  secretary  in  May,  1892. 

Fire  Insurance  in  the  Courts.  [See  Legal  Decisions  Affecting 
Insurance.] 

Fire  Insurance  Policy.  [See  Policy,  Standard  Fire,  also  Cotton 
Policy  forms.] 

Fire  Insurance  Results  in  1 892.  The  salient  incidents  of  the 
Tear  in  fire  insurance  were,  the  application  of  the  eighty  per  cent,  co- 
insurance clause  to  an  important  class  of  risks  in  many  localities,  the 
formulation  of  the  *'  Universal  Mercantile  Schedule,"  and  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  fifteen  per  cent,  commissions  rule  upon  the  local  agents 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association,  and  that 
of  the  New  England  and  Middle  States,  through  the  newly  organized 
commission  association. 

The  following  general  statement  of  the  business  of  the  year  1892  was 
compiled  from  the  tabular  matter  accompanying  the  address  of  the 
president  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  board  in  May,  1893.  The  national  board  statistics  cover 
the  business  of  251  joint  stock  American  and  foreign  companies,  and 
are  therefore:  the  most  extensive  prepared  : 

AMERIOAN  AND  FOIIBION  COMPANIE!*. 

Number  of  companies,                 ......  851 

Fire  riiiks  written, $16,386,017,094 

Fire  premiamH  received,    .......  130,545,276 

Fire  loesH*  paid 81,042,875 

Fire  and  inland  premiunui  received,       .....  185,087,981 

Fire  and  inland  ezpcnHeti  pnid,    ......  48,534,676 

Per  cent,  fire  lo»*se«  to  Are  premiumH,      .....  62.08 

Per  cent  Are  and  inland  expenscH  paid  to  premiume  received,  85.93 

Per  cent,  fire  1ohm»  to  fire  nnka  written,            ....  .65867 

Average  rate  of  fire  premiam  on  each  $100  of  Are  r\»kjB  written,      .  .6485 

AXSRIOAN  COMPANIES  OKLY. 

Namber  of  companies,       .......  326 

Capital, $67,977,366 

Dividends  paid  in  1892, 6,576,620 

Per  cent,  or  dividends  to  capital,            .....  9.67 

The  following  general  statement  of  the  fire  insurance  business  of 
1892  is  compiled  from  the  New  York  fire  insurance  report  for  1893. 
The  statistics  cover  practically  all  the  principal  joint  stock  insurance 
companies  doing  business  in  the  United  States  : 


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86       FiRB  Prbyshtion  bt  ths  Corokbr  Plah. 

riRB  INBrRANCE  BrSINEHH  ONLY. 

Namber  of  companleti,       .......  ISO 

ARiH'tP  (not  including  afifioUi  held  abrond),          ....  $932,945,090 

LittbilliieH  (c'xc*-ptinjr  wrip  and  capit.il).            ....  130,667,589 

Capital  (inclnding  forei^  depooit  capital),       ....  67,(K5^0t<8 

SurpliiH 54,708,686 

Pn>nilum8  received,           .......  194,066.350 

Total  receipt*, 133,a0S.0M 

LoH(H>8  paid,             ...            .....  78.384,169 

DIvidendH  paid  (American  companicH  only),      ....  6,474,f!3 

Total  dl8burHement».          .......  197,45£969 

Amount  of  ritnk^  in  force,             ......  16^705,821,066 

Fire  Insurance  Statistios,  Census  Report  of.  [See  Insurance 
Statistics,  Census  Report.] 

Fireinen*s  insurance  company  of  Cincinnati,  reinsured  ita  business 
in  June,  1892,  in  the  Merchants  and  Manufacturers  of  <  the  same  dty. 
Ttie  Firemen's  was  incorporated  in  1882  and  was  therefore  60  years 
old. 

Fire  Patrols,  Association  of  Superintendents  of.  [See  Associ- 
ation of  Superintendents.] 

Fire  Patrols,  Protectlye  Departments,  and  Salrage  Corps. 

The  fire  patrols  of  the  United  States  are  a  monument  to  the  enlightened 
self  interest  of  the  fire  underwriters.  They  have  made  them  what 
they  are,  and,  in  nearly  all  cases,  they  support  them.  The  interest 
that  they  have  in  the  preservation  of  property  is  certainly  a  great  in- 
centive toward  efi[icicncy,  and  it  is  probable  that,  no  matter  whether 
city  governments  undertake  the  control  and  maintenance  of  the  salv- 
age or  not,  insurance  companies  are  liliely  to  augment  any  action  of 
cities  toward  the  preservation  of  property  from  fire  loss  to  the  fullest 
extent.  New  York  city  was  the  pioneer  in  these  organizations.  In 
1839,  a  number  of  fire  underwriters  of  New  York  established  a  society 
that  was  known  as  the  "Fire  Police."  Although  it  had  no  charter 
the  society  was  recognized  by  the  city  authorities  as  a  useful  institu- 
tion, having  for  its  function  the  protection  of  property,  and  in  cases 
of  fire  its  members  were  given  certain  police  powers.  The  efiSciency 
of  the  municipal  police,  however,  soon  rendered  this  part  of  their 
activity  less  important  than  the  protection  of  property  against  damage 
by  the  element,  and  they  then  gradually  became  known  as  the  "  Insur- 
ance Patrol."  The  act  of  May  9,  1867,  incorporating  the  New  York 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  gave  that  organization  the  power  to  es- 
tablish the  present  efficient  fire  patrol  of  the  city  of  New  i  ork. 

These  organizations  exist  in  the  cities  of  Albany  and  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
Baltimore,  Boston,  Cincinnati,  Charleston,  Chicago,  Dayton,  O.,  I>en- 
ver,  Kansas  City,  Louisville,  Lowell,  Memphis,  Milwaukee.  Mobile, 
Newark,  N.  J.,  New  Orleans,  New  York,  Omaha,  Philadelphia,  Phrov- 
idence,  Rochester,  San  Francisco,  St.  Louis,  and  Worcester.  They 
are  established  by  law,  and,  as  a  rule,  are  maintained  and  controlled  by 
the  local  organizations  of  fire  underwriters.  [See  Boston  Protective 
Department,  New  York  Fire  Patrol,  Association  of  Superintendents 
and  Captains  of  Fire  Patrol.] 

Fire  Prevention  by  the  Coroner  Plan.  At  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Fire  Underwriters'  As£ociation  of  the  Northwest,  at  Chicago, 


Digitized  by 


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Fires  in  Principal  Cities  in 


87 


October  8,  1891.  Mr.  C.  C.  Hine  presented  his  plan  of  fire  inquests  by 
coroners  as  follows : 

In  the  proflecation  of  this  scheme  It  will  not  be  necessanr  to  create  new  offices  and 
additional  expenses,  but  merely  to  enlarge  the  powers  and  the  field  of  duty  of  the 
coroner  now  in  office.  The  law  must  compel  him  to  examine  every  fire,  large  or  small, 
in  anv  sort  of  property  burned  within  his  jurisdiction,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
its  ongin  and  cause.  He  must  have  the  same  powers  as  in  cases  of  death,  to  impanel 
juries,  to  enter  premises,  to  appoint  assistants,  and  to  do  or  cause  to  be  done  such 
things  as  may  be  necessary  to  ascertain  the  causes  of  fire.  He  must  make  a  full  report 
of  each  case  to  the  county  clerk,  or  some  other  county  officer,  and  monthly  or  annually, 
to  report  to  the  auditor  of  state,  who  shall  collate  and  publish  the  fire  statistics  so  ac- 
quired, particularly  in  regard  to  the  causes  of  fires  that  might  haye  been  avoided  by 
better  police,  better  building  or  otherwise,  to  the  end  that  property  may  be  saved,  and 
the  future  fire-waste  diminished. 

In  cities  where  there  are  fire  marshals  or  other  officers  charged  with  duties  In  con- 
nection with  fires.  It  must  be  compulsory  that  they  Investigate  every  fire  for  the  ascer- 
tainment of  its  origin.  If  it  were  known  that  every  fire  was  to  be  officially  investi- 
gated for  the  express  purpose  of  ascertaining  its  origin  ;  that  a  public  officer  had  power 
to  enter  upon  and  examine  premises,  empanel  juries,  send  for  persons  and  papers,  ex- 
amine witnesses  under  oath,  and  that  he  would  do  it,  incendiary  fires  would  be  dimin- 
ished If  they  did  not  practlodly  cease. 

Although  bills  embodying  the  features  of  this  plan  were  introduced 
in  the  New  York.  Texas,  and  other  legislatures  in  1892  and  1898,  none 
have  yet  been  enacted  into  laws. 

Fires  in  Principal  Cities  in  1892,  Statistics  of:  The  follow- 
ing  table,  exhibiting  number  of  fires  and  insurance  thereon  in  principal 
cities  of  the  United  States  in  1892,  was  compiled  from  a  statement  pre- 
pared by  the  committee  on  statistics  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire 
Underwriters: 


cities. 

Total 
Number 
of  Fires. 

Total  Loss 
Thereon. 

Total 
Insurance 
Thereon. 

Total  Insur- 
ance Loss 
Thereon. 

No.  of 
Fires  to 
1,000  Pop. 

Akron,  Ohio,       .       . 
Albany,  N.  Y.,    .        . 
Allentown,  Pa.,   . 
Atlanta,  Oa., 
Auburn,  N.Y.,    . 

*64i 
86 

S58 
41 

$122,167 

684.K69 

5,246 

98,442 

86,022 

70,100 
1,067,960 

$7-2,479 
466,204 

24",i22 

3.86 
5.57 
1.16 
2.53 
1.46 

Baltlmoro.  Hd.,  . 
Bangor,  He., 
Binningham,  Ala.,      . 

98 
S6 
1,168 
68 
163 

829,877 

2,200 

1,449,766 

24,440 

86,030 

408,700 

4,818,892 
88,800 
842,400 

271,097 

2,000 

1,816,591 

20,440 

75,000 

2.21 
1.04 
2.40 
2.91 
4.84 

Bloomington,!!!., 
Boston,  Mass.,     . 

Brooklyn,  N.  ¥.,♦ 

76 

754 

78 

89 

1,433 

14,760 

846,396 

88.462 

161,421 

1,608,591 

40,700 

8,481,061 

217,650 

880,788 

5,920,620 

18,760 
781,949 

83,305 
122,886 

8.00 
1.69 
1.56 
3.62 
1.86 

Bnfitelo,  N.  T.,     .       . 
Bntte,  Mont,       .        . 
Cambridge,  Mass.,      . 
C»mden,T«.  J.,    .       . 

488 
80 

208 
99 
47 

811,751 

*226',29i 
86,575 
63,091 

1,782,267 

800,000 

881,494 

66,825 

248,269 

"1*92,666 

168,171 

29,710 

1.61 
2.66 
2.66 
1.70 
.76 

Chelsea,  Mass.,    . 
Chicago,  ni.. 
Cincinnati.  Ohio, 
CleTeland,  Ohio. 
Coboes,  N.  Y.,     . 

87 
8,549 

818 

1^ 

63 

29,684 
1,546,570 
1,017,861 
1,608.129 

78,779 

96,460 
18,620,674 
8,110,499 

976,400 

16,554 

1,640,268 

858.771 

1,825,093 

3.00 
2.46 
2.58 
8.64 

•  Betnms  for  1891. 


88 


FiREB  IN  Principal  Cmss  in  1892. 


CITIES. 

Total 
Number 
of  Fires. 

Total  Loss 
Thereon. 

Total 
Insnrance 
Thereon. 

801,035 

'488.899 
546,965 

Total  Insnr- 
ance Loas 
Thereon. 

Naol 
Fires  to 
1,000  Pop. 

Colombne,  Oa.,    . 
Colnmbas,  Ohio, 
Covington,  Ky.,  . 
Dayton,  Ohio,     . 
Dallaa,  Tex.,        .       . 

18 

tan 

49 
193 
IHO 

$35,000 
443,693 

"isioM 

l»i,888 

$27,562 

"47,983 
48.475 
69,669 

.58 
S.SS 

1.25 
2.73 
&10 

Des  Moinee,  Iowa,      . 
Detroit,  Mich.,    . 
Daluth,  Minn.,    . 
Klraira,  N.  Y.,      .       . 
Erie.  Pa 

ao3 

542 

78 
104 
90 

"55b'.539 
147,155 

216,150 
3,996.453 
516.500 
413,396 
608,466 

118,517  - 

"89,701 
123,014 

8.36 
2.46 
1.06 
2.07 
1.76 

Evaneyille,  Ind., . 
Fitchburg,  Mass., 
Galveston,  Tex., 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  . 
Harrisbnrg,  Pa.,  . 

108 
84 
118 
344 
88 

110,600 
25,9m 
46,8-J7 

151,155 

9,700,000 
116,190 
810,983 

1,893,897 
838,960 

86.500 
18.068 
46,837 
183,531 
91,424 

2.11 
8.00 
8.87 

in 

.05 

Hoboken.  N.  J.,  . 
Holvoke,  MftHB.,  . 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,      . 
Jersey  City.  N.  J., 
Kansas  City,  Kan., 

03 

80 
860 
473 

184 

"8.V.i6i 

804,369 
638,983 
147,360 

1,667,836 
1,935,450 

'  »»',428 

"8b;647 

'684',8ii 
112,075 

1.84 
2.10 
8.00 
8.06 
4.60 

Kansas  City,  Mo., 
Key  West,  Pla.,  . 
Knoxvllle,  Tenn., 
La  Crosse,  Wis., . 
Lancaster,  Pa.,    . 

668 
1 
79 
64 
47 

479,688 
13,500 
51.849 
13.511 

183,668 

5,820,626 

13,500 

484..')35 

102,860 

400,368 

468.089 
13.500 
85,878- 
18,511 

188,068 

4J9 

.04 
1.98 
2.18 
1.84 

Lawrence,  Mass., 
Lexington,  Ky.,  . 
Lincoln,  Neb,,     . 
Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
Louisville,  Ky.,    . 

77 
111 
117 
166 
207 

80,131 
80,9;t9 
32.435 
100,000 
413,053 

83.060 

l,b9b',67b 

i.aw;28i 

28,234 
"^,435 
■  4(»',375 

1.64 
8.70 
1.05 
8.68 
1.04 

Lowell,  Mass.,     . 
Lynchbnrg,  Va., . 
Lynn,  Mass., 
Macon,  Ga. , 
Maiden,  Mass.,    . 

899 

'267 
99 
78 

50,393 

143,709 
82.3.-)6 
40,000 

616.475 
317,3.-.0 
853,565 

'   "9,597 

2,174 

1«,694 
*   "8;592 

3.64 
8.24 
4.20 
8.07 
243 

Memphis,  Tenn., 
Meriden,  Conn.,  . 
MinneHpoliit,  Minn.,    . 
Mobile,  Ala., 
Montgomery,  Ala., 

"42 

576 

69 

61 

35,346 
43:3,344 

'  2b3",636 

1,995.610 
67S.590 

4,(a7.(Ki 
126,515 

876,893 
34,105 

837,597 
18.941 

201,140 

295 
1.66 
2.88 
1.78 
2.44 

Muskegon,  Mich.,       . 
Nashua.  N.  H.,    .       . 
Nanhville   Tenn. 

166 
51 
216 
163 
864 

42,308 
19,960 

"43,749 
536,871 

792,4.38 

"l'8',660 

493,988 

82,609 

484,798 

6.53 
2.42 
2.80 

New  Albany,  Ind.,      , 
Newark.  N.  J.,    .       . 

4,085*960 

6.48 
1.8S 

t^ew  Haven,  Conn.,    . 
Newport,  Ky  .     . 
Newport,  R.  I.,    . 
New  Orleans,  La., 
Newton,  Mass.,    . 

S54 

'*64 
682 

174,8W 

2,690 

248,403 

98*^850 

54.900 

334,3:39 

6,196,471 

161,880 
MO 

8,476,604 

8.88 
S.4« 
8.70 
8.78 

Digitized  by 


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FiRBB  IN  Principal  Cities  in  1892. 


CITIBS. 

Total 

Number 
of  Fires. 

Total  Loss 
^Thereon. 

.Total 
'Inenrance 
Thereon. 

Toul  Insur- 
ance Loss 
Thereon. 

No.  of 

Fires  to 

1,000  Pop. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,'      . 
Norrlstown,  Pa., 
Ogden,  Utah, 
Omaba.  Neb., 
Oflwego,  N.  Y.,    . 

4.011 

71 
238 

;89 

$5,060,973 
100 

$86,517,835 
20,000 
128,025 

'738',676 

$4,484,944 

100 

24,187 

'218,425 

2.24 
1.00 
855 
1.67 
a56 

Paterson,  N.  J.,  . 
Pawtucket,  R.  I., 
Peterebure,  Va., . 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,       . 
Portland,  Oregon, 

232 

87 

42 

1,410 

250 

43*,i75 
'678*.885 

1,980,801 

42,876 

149,886 

19,188,628 

1,091,005 

69,141 

"96*,468 

2,877,462 

460,720 

2.90 
2.90 
1.82 
1.84 
8.12 

Ponphkeeprie,  N.  Y., 
Providence,  R.  I., 
QniDcy,  111., 
Reading,  Pa., 
Rocheeter,  N.  Y.,       . 

86 

628 

81 

54 

248 

"227,216 
"87',866 

S,b85",755 
164,690 
780.000 

2,260,452 

16,128 

195,141 

16,449 

77,267 

179,420 

1.62 
8.66 
2.25 
.76 
1.71 

Rockford,  HI.,      . 
Saginaw,  Mich.,  .       . 
St.  Joaeph.  Mo„  . 
St.  Loois.  Mo.,     .       . 
St,  Paul,  Minn..  . 

180 
176 
180 
928 
413 

80,875 
89,098 
125,166 

667,700 
158,160 

7,^,769 
1,188.891 

26,954 

■ii'8,756 

1,629,154 

880,184 

4.83 
8.52 
8.00 
1.68 
2.51 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah, . 
Salem,  Maan..       .       . 
Seattle,  Waf>h.,    . 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,   . 
Sarannah,  Oa.,    . 

184 
62 
148 
680 
208 

118,088 

14,187 

411,183 

1,098,151 

166,887 

449,894 

101,568 

1,678,376 

8,971,717 

1.176,900 

109,648 
10,988 

*  68b',66i 
139,002 

S.44 
1.67 
2.96 
1.96 
8,28 

Scranton,  Pa.,      . 
Sionz  City,  Iowa, 
Somervilie,  Maas., 
Sonth  Bend,  Ind., 
Spokane,  Wanh., 

148 
163 
97 
64 
98 

142,681 
8-2,2» 
71,760 
26,106 

834,162 

674,042 
1,445,496 
264,900 
»J,260 
918,927 

120,546 
68,612 
57,982 
84,000 
91,178 

1.74 
8.62 
2.16 
2.90 
8.10 

Springfield,  111.,  .       . 
Springfield.  Mass.,       . 
Springfield,  Mo., 
Syracnsc,  N.  Y.,  . 
Tacoma,  Waah.,  * 

64 
140 
90 

117 

9,880 
123,243 

60,000 
141,487 

26,203 

82,036 
918,000 

1,132,887 
878,720 

8,492 
123,248 

80,000 
188,276 

19,309 

1.54 
2.90 
8.60 
2.24 
2.84 

Taunton,  Ma^s 

Terre  Haute,  Ind.,      . 
Toledo,  Ohio, 
Topeka,  Kan., 
Trenton,  N.  J.,    .       . 

84 

269 
146 
96 

22,618 

274,728 
48,615 
106,550 

681,000 

1,738,488 
695.900 
102,695 

18,471 

817.934 
28,702 
102,695 

8.11 

2.69 
3.22 
1.60 

Utica.  N.  Y.,       .       . 
WaPhlngton,  D.  C,    . 
Waterbnry,  Conn., 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.,      . 
Wllkeabarre,  Pa.,       . 

87 

841 

89 

90 

.... 

46,028 
162,0S6 
215,999 
25,000 
49.600 

805,866 

44,528 
108,866 
165,186 

1.98 
1.32 
1.11 
2.00 
.96 

Williamsport,  Pa.,      . 
Wilmington,  N.  C,     . 
Winona,  Minn.,  . 
York,  Pa.,    .       .       . 
ZaneBville,  Ohio, 

65 
20 
80 
16 
Ti 

69,W?6 
28,860 
7,294 
14,845 
45,000 

"68.856 
822,620 

'i27",23i 

88,666 
26,000 
6,031 
14,509 
86.360 

1.60 
.95 
4.00 
5.33 
8.27 

5* 

Digitized  by  Lj 

ooQle 

90  Fire  Underwriteiw'  Abbociationb. 

Fires  In  1892,  Principal.  The  fire  at  Milwaukee.  Wit.,  October 
28,  was  the  largest  of  the  year.  It  burned  over  several  blocks  of 
business  property  and  small  dwellings,  involving  a  loss  of  about 
$8,375,000  The  other  larcest  fires  were  at  New  Orleans.  February 
17,  business  blocks,  $1,100,000  :  at  New  Orleans,  April  3,  cotton 
presses  and  dwellings,  $1,850.000 ;  at  Baltimore,  June  14,  wharf  and 
stock.  $1,000,000  :  at  Bay  City.  Mich.,  July  26,  business  houses  and 
dwellings,  $1.200,000 ;  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  February  8.  business 
houses. ~  $850,000 :  at  Crede,  Col.,  June  5.  general  conflagration. 
$750,000;  at  Rockaway  Beach,  N.  Y..  September  20,  general  con- 
flagration, $750,000. 

Fire  Underwriters'  Associations.  €leneral,  Sectional,  and 
State.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  various  general  organizations  of 
fire  underwriters.  The  list  does  not  include  local  associations  or 
boards. 

srPERVIMNO  Aim  RATING  0ROANIZATI0N8. 

New  England  Insurance  Exchange  (covering  the  New  England  St^tep,  except  Maine 
and  New  Hampshire). 

Underwritcn*  AKsociatlon  of  the  Middle  department  (covering  New  Jersey  in  part, 
Pennsylvania.  Dcla\vHn\  Maryland,  and  the  District  of  Columbia^. 

South  Eastern  Tariff  Association  (covering  Virginia,  North  Carolma,  Sooth  Caro- 
lina. Florida,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Louisiana). 

The  rnion  (covering  Indiana,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Nebraska, 
North  Dakota.  Sonth  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  Indian  Territory,  Missouri,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee,  and  jolntlv  with  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union,  Colorado,  New  Mexico, 
and  Wyoming,  but  excepting  the  cities  of  Chicago,  St.  Lonis,  Louisville,  and  Cincinnati, 
with  Covington  and  Newy>ort,  Ky.). 

Pacific  Insurance  Union  (covering  the  Pacific  coast  states,  Idaho,  Montana,  and 
Utah,  and  jointly  with  the  Union,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Wyoming). 

Underwriters  International  Electrical  Association, 

New  Hampshire  Board  of  Underwriters. 

New  England  Bureau  of  United  In8p<'ction. 

Massachusetts  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Union. 

Factory  Insurance  Association  (New  England). 

Middle  States  Insi>ection  Bun'au. 

Underwriters  Association  of  New  York  StAt«. 

Fire  Underwriters  (Commissions^  Association. 

Suburban  Underwriters  Association  (covering  parts  of  Westchester,  Kings,  and 
Queens  counties  of  New  York,  and  several  counties  of  New  Jersey). 

Wisconsin  State  Board  of  I'nderwrit^TS. 

Indiana  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  (Union  companies). 

Indiana  League  of  Fire  Underwriters  (non-Union  conpanies). 

Michigan  State  Inspection  Bureau. 

Illinois  State  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

MinnesotA  and  Dakota  Fire  Underwriters. 

Iowa  State  Inspection  Bureau. 

Iowa  Underwriters  Association  (Union  companies). 

Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  Missouri. 

Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  for  Arkansas. 

Kentucky  and  Tennessee  Underwriters  Association. 

Western  Factory  Insurance*  Association. 

Southern  Factory  Association. 

In  consequence  of  the  existence  of  anti-compact  laws  in' Ohio,  Michigan,  Kansas. 
Nebraska,  and  Texas,  the  state  associations  formerly  active  In  those  states  are  dead  or 
dormant.  In  New  Hampshire  the  prohil)ition  of  a  compact  does  not  apply  to  local  com- 
panies, and  accordingly  a  New  Hanipshire  Board  of  Un<lerwriter8,  representing  local 
companies,  Is  in  force  and  makes  rates,  and  these  are  genenilly  observed  oy  the  non-state 
companies,  througjh  the  New  England  Insurance  Exchange.  Since  the  passage  of  the 
anti-compact  law  in  Maine,  the  Exchange  has  ceased  to  exercise  direct  jurisdiction  o\*cr 
that  state. 

The  Michigan  State  Inspection  Bureau  Is  conducted  by  the  local  flro  com- 
panies, like  the  New  Hampshire  Board,  and  the  non-state  companies  abide  by  its  rates. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  Union  and  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union  is  concurrent  in 


FiBB  Undbbwbitbrb'  Associations.  91 

Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Wyoming,  and  le  proyidcd  for  by  a  Joint  committee  over  a 
compact  mana^r.  The  western  state  associations  occupy  semi-independent  relations 
towards  the  Union,  bnt  work  in  harmony  with  it  as  a  rule,  althongh  most  of  them  are 
partly  constitated  of  non-Union  companies.  The  Union  deals  with  them  or  their 
states  throagh  its  seTeral  '*  Commissions/^    [See  Union,  western.] 

The  large  cities,  such  as  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Chicago,  St.  Lonis, 
etc.,  are  ^*  excepted  "  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  general  or  state  associations  and  are 
go^med  by  their  own  local  associations. 

The  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  formerly  a  rating  organization  covering 
the  entire  Union,  makes  rates  no  longer,  but  it  offers  rewards  for  the  detection  of  in- 
cendiaries and  maintains  an  inspector  of  fire  departments  and  water  works,  whose 
recommendations  are  usually  adopted  by  the  companies  composing  the  board.  It  keeps 
a  statistical  record  of  flre  insurance,  watches  the  course  of  Insurance  legislation,  and, 
generally,  acts  as  a  moral  force  for  the  well  being  of  flre  underwriting. 

BOCIAX  OBQANIZATIONS. 

Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the  Northwest. 

Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the  Pacific. 

New  York  State  Association  of  Supervising  and  Adjusting  Agents. 

New  York  State  Association  of  Local  Boards. 

New  Jersev  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

Michigan  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

Indiana  Association  of  Local  Fire  Insurance  Agents. 

Local  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  Virginia. 

Pennsylvania  Association  of  BHre  Insurance  Agents. 

Mountain  Field  Club  (Colorado,  Wyoming,  and  New  Mexico). 

Nebraska  Field  Club. 

{Sunflower  Club  of  Kansas  (Kansas,  Oklahoma,  and  Indian  Territory). 

Florida  State  Underwriters  Association. 

Texas  Local  Fire  Underwriters. 

Fire  Underwriters  (Commission)  Association.  This  associa- 
tioD,  hayiDfT  for  its  primary  purpose  the  limiting  of  commissions  to 
agents  to  fifteen  per  cent,  and  of  brokerages  to  ten  per  cent,  was 
organized  in  the  latter  part  of  1891,  and  put  into  operation  in  January, 
1892,  by  a  number  of  companies,  to  cover  the  territory  embraced  within 
the  New  England  States  and  the  states  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylyania,  and  Delaware. 

The  following  was  the  original  agreement: 

AoBBSvSNT.  The  flre  insurance  companies  named  below,  by  the  signatures  of 
their  execative  offleen,  pledge  their  honor  to  the  strict  observance  of  this  agreement; 
that  they  will  give  the  necessary  instructions  to  their  agents  and  subordinate  offleen 
in  order  that  the  same  may  be  effective,  and  that  they  will  not  bv  the  slightest  devia- 
tion ttierefrom  depart  from  the  letter  of  this  agreement,  and  will  in  good  faith 
observe  its  spirit,  which  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  uniformity  in  the  compensation  of 
agents. 

1.  We  agree,  that  we  shall  compensate  agents  by  a  flat  commission  not  exceed- 
ing 16  per  cent,  on  net  premiums. 

S.  We  agree,  that  no  compensation  other  than  the  foregoing,  either  in  the  form 
of  ofllco  rent,  clerk  hire,  solicitor^  fees,  or  salary,  or  in  otner  ways,  directly  or  In- 
direetly^hall  be  paid  to  anv  agent. 

S.  We  agree,  that  no  advertising  charges  be  allowed,  save  on  receipted  bills  of  the 
printer  for  the  amount  charged,  sent  as  vouchers  with  the  account  current. 

4.  We  agree,  that  the  postage  allowance  shall  be  only  for  actual  postage  paid. 

5.  We  agree,  that  we  will  not  ourselves  pay,  nor  allow  any  agent  to  pay,  any 
brokerage  in  excess  of  ten  per  cent,  on  the  net  premiums  to  either  companies, 
brokers,  solicitors,  or  other  agents,  it  being  understood  that  brokerage  shall  (in  tne  case 
of  the  agent)  be  paid  out  of  his  commission,  and  shall  not  be  an  additional  compensa- 
tion to  the  agent,  except  as  is  provided  for  in  Article  8 ;  and  we  also  agree  not  to  allow, 
either  as  brokerage  or  commissions,  over  ten  per  cent,  on  any  policies  written  at  our 
hc«d  ofllcet,  or  atany  branch  or  agency  offlce  wherever  located,  covering propertv in 
any  locality  outside  the  city  where  such  office  is  located  and  within  the  territery 
corered  by  this  agreement. 

0.    In  case  any  company  elects  to  appoint  one  salaried  representative  In  any  one 
city,  be  shall  not  be  permitted  to  act  for  any  other  company,  and  shall  be  under  the 
me  restrictions  as  to  brokerage  as  are  imposed  on  other  agents.  ^^  t 

7.    We  agree,  not  to  allow  the  payment  of  any  rebate  whatever,     ^ed  by  VjOOQ  IC 


Od  FiBB  Undsbwriters'  AftSOCIATIOira. 

8.  We  agree,  that  in  the  city  of  Providence  any  company  may  remonerate  ita  a^nt, 
in  addition  to  the  15  per  cent  heretofore  provided,  by  an  allowance  of  five  per  cent 
on  rtaka  located  in  that  city,  and  on  aoch  riiik8i>o  located,  brokerage  not  exceeding  15 
per  cent,  may  be  paid  ont  of  the  agent^a  commlaeioni 

V.  We  agree,  that  thin  agreement  nhall  be  applicable  to  the  New  England  States, 
and  the  states  of  New  Tork,  Pennslyvanla,  Delaware,  and  New  Jeraey,  except  In  the 
fbllowin?  placep,  vir.. : 

New  York  City,  inclnding  ao  much  of  Westcheeter  Connty  a»  Ilea  to  the  eonthward 
of  the  northerly  line  of  the  townBhlpn  of  Greenbnrg,  White  Plains,  and  Harrison,  and 
the  counties  of  Kings,  Queens,  and  Richmond,  N.  T.;  Albany,  N.  T.,  and  Bnffklo, 
N.  Y.:  Boston,  Inclndtng  the  rest  of  Suffolk  County,  and  the  cities  of  Cambrldce, 
Somervllle,  Maiden,  Waltham.  Newton,  and  Qntncy.  and  the  towns  of  Brookline, 
Everett,  Melrose,  Arlington,  Belmont,  Watertown,  Wellesley,  Needham,  Dedham, 
Hyde  Park,  and  Milton,  Mass.:  Philadelphia,  and  the  counties  of  Delaware,  Cheater, 
Montgomery,  Bucks,  and  Alleeheny,  Pa.:  in  New  Jersey  the  counties  of  Camden, 
Bergen,  Essex,  Hudson,  and  Union. 

10.  That  we  agree  to  observe  strictly,  in  letter  and  spirit,  for  ourselves  and  our 
agents,  the  tariff  rates  in  all  vl\&cc*  where  local  boards  or  ratings  are  in  existence,  or 
shall  be  established,  except  tnat  if  at  any  place  or  places  it  shall  be  found  that  com- 
panies not  members  of  this  association  are  securing  desirable  classes  of  risks  tbroagh 
the  payment  of  commissions  or  brokerage  in  excess  of  what  is  permitted  by  our  rales, 
the  rates  upon  such  classes  shall,  upon  the  request  of  a  majority  of  our  members  do- 
ing basineea  in  such  places,  be  so  readjusted  as  to  enable  us  to  meet  such  competition. 

11.  We  agree,  to  terminate  all  contracts  inconsistent  with  this  agreement  on  or 
before  the  date  when  it  shall  take  effect. 

13.  We  agree,  that  any  company,  a  subscriber  to  this  agreement,  mav  withdraw 
ita  signature  by  giving  ninety  days*  notice  to  the  secretary  of  this  association,  who 
shall  thereupon  notlry  all  the  other  aigners,  and  we  agree,  pending  the  expiration  of 
such  notice,  to  abide  strictly  by  the  terms  of  the  agreement. 

Articles  6,  6,  8,  and  0,  have  been  modified  by  subsequent  legisla- 
tion in  the  association,  to  meet  varying  or  new  conditions  as  they  nave 
arisen. 

The  following  are  the  signers  to  the  agreement.  A  number  of  com- 
panies not  members  are  in  harmony  with  the  rules  of  the  association : 

ITew  York  Companies.  American,  Citizens,  German- American,  Greenwich, 
Hanover,  Home,  Niagara,  Phenlx.  Queen,  Westchester. 

Eastern  Companies.  Mtn&,  Boylston,  Flreman*s  Fnnd  (Boston  Ofllca),  Hartford. 
National,  Orient,  Phcenix,  Springfield,  Providence-Washington,  Equitable. 

PhUaddphla  Companies.  American  Pire,  Delaware.  Fire  Association,  Pire  Insur- 
ance Company  of  the  County  of  Philadelphia,  Franklin,  Girard  Fire  and  Marine,  In- 
surance Company  of  North  America,  Insurance  Company  of  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
Mechanics^  Pennsylvania,  Reliance,  Spring  Garden,  United  Firemen^s,  Union. 

Newark  Companies.  American  and  Firemen's,  for  New  Jersey  only.  Merchants' , 
Newark  Fire. 

FOrdfrn  Companies.  British  America.  Caledonian,  Commercial  Union.  Guardian, 
Imperial,  Lancashire.  Lion  Fire,  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe,  I^ndon  Assurance. 
London  and  Lancashire,  Manchester,  Norwich  Union.  North  British  and  Mercantile, 
Northern,  New  York  and  Boston  Offices,  Phopnix,  Royal  (Boston,  New  York,  and 
Philadelphia  Offices),  Scottish  Union  and  National,  Union  of  London,  Western  of 
Toronto. 

The  following  are  the  present  officers  and' executive  committee  of 
the  association : 

Geo.  P.  Sheldon,  president;  Geo.  L.  Chase,  vice-president;  Wm.  H.  Crolins, 
treasurer;  H.  K.  Miller,  secretary. 

Executive  committee;  Charles  Sewall,  chairman*  E.  A.  Walton,  Wm.  B.  Clark, 
E.  L.  Ellison,  J.  H.  Washburn,  E.  C.  Irvln,  H.  W.  Eaton,  Jno.  W.  Murray,  Henry 
Powles. 

Fire  Underwriters'  Association  of  the  Northwest.    This  associ- 
ation had  its  birth  in  the  city  of  Davton,  O.,  February  22,  1871,  when 
fifteen  state  and  general  agents  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Michi- 
gan met  and  declared  that: 
Whsrbas,  Certain  irregularities  obtain  among  adjusters  in  the  settlement  of  losses. 


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Firs  Underwriters'  Absociations.  93 

amons  solidtorB  In  aathorizliig  riskB,  and  among  local  agente  in  procaring  buainese, 

tiierefore, 

Besolr-ed^  That  we,  state  agents  of  the  Northwest,  in  convention  asaembled,  recog- 
nizing our  positions  as  sabordinates,  disclaiming  anv  invasion  of  the  jurisdiction  of  our 
superiors,  and  attempting  only  such  action  as  legitimately  comes  within  the  scope  of 
oarde]^at«d  authority,  do  hereby  organize  onrselves  into  an  association  for  the  pur- 
pose of  promoting  harmony  and  correct  practices  among  the  profession. 

The  title  adopted  was  *'  The  Association  of  State,  General,  and  Ad; 
justing  Fire  Insurance  Agents  of  the  Northwest." 

The  oripnal  fifteen  members,  the  creators  of  the  association,  were 
the  following:  J.  8.  Reed,  Ohio  state  agent  of  the  Security  of  New 
York  and  Merchants  of  Hartford;  W.  F.  Fox,  Ohio  state  agent  of  the 
Putnam  of  Hartford;  G.  K.  Snider,  general  agent  of  the  New  York 
Underwriters'  Acrency;  C.  W.  Marshall,  Ohio  state  agent  of  the  Home 
of  New  York;  Jacob  Peetry,  general  agent  of  the  Home  of  Columbus, 
O. ;  J.  P.  Vance,  Ohio  state  agent  of  the  Insurance  Company  of  North 
America;  James  A.  Daniels,  Ohio  state  agent  of  the  Hartford  Fire;  R. 
8.  Savers,  special  agent  of  the  Home  of  New  York;  J.  W.  Boyd. 
Bpecial  agent  of  the  Home  of  New  York;  C.  K.  Drew,  special  agent  of 
the  Hartford  Fire;  W.  H.  Willsie,  Indiana  and  Ohio  state  agent  of  the 
Continental;  A.  0.  Blodgett,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Michigan  state  agent 
of  the  Franklin  Fire  of  Philadelphia;  J.  I.  Shipherd,  assistant  secre- 
tary of  the  Cleveland  insurance  company;  E.  P.  Foreman,  special 
agent  of  the  Lamar  of  Chicago;  C.  E.  Bliven,  Ohio  state  agent  of  the 
Manhattan  of  New  York.  The  names  of  but  four  of  these  organizers 
now  remain  on  the  membership  roll  of  the  association:  Fox,  Snider, 
Blodget,  and  Bliven.  Another  circumstance  is  that  of  all  the  com- 
panies which  the  fifteen  organizers  represented  but  seven  are  now  in 
existence. 

The  officers  elected  at  this  first  meeting  were:  President,  J.  S.  Heed; 
vice-president,  R.  L.  Douglass  (of  the  iEtna);  secretary  and  treasurer, 
C.  E.  Bliven.  The  executive  committee  were  Messrs.  Wiltsie, 
Blodget,  and  Fox. 

At  the  second  meeting,  which  was  the  first  regular  meeting,  held  in 
June  following  at  Indianapolis,  twenty-nine  additional  members  were 
admitted,  a  constitution  adopted,  and  officers  for  the  first  year 
elected  as  follows:  President,  A.  C.  Blodget;  vice-president,  C.  W. 
Marshall;  secretary,  C.  E.  Bliven;  executive  committee,  G.  W.  Adams 
(of  the  Lorillard),  H.  H.  Walker  (of  the  Home  of  New  York),  and  F. 
J.  Cresscy  (of  the  Pacific  of  San  Francisco). 

The  third  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Chicago,  the  fourth  at  Mil- 
waukee, and  the  fifth  at  Louisville.  All  subsequent  meetings  have 
been  held  at  Chicago. 

At  the  sixth  annual  meeting  a  revised  constitution  was  adopted  and 
the  name  of  the  organization  changed  to  that  which  it  now  bears. 


The  twenty-third  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  at  Chi- 
cago September  37  and  28,  1892.  President  H.  P.  Gray  presided. 
The  secretary  reported  thirty  applicants  for  membership,  and  they 
were  elected.  His  report  showed  the  total  membership  of  the  associa- 
tion to  be  889  active,  eight  honorary,  and  one  associate,  making  848 
in  all. 


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H  FiRB  UNDERWRTrBBS'  ASSOCIATIOKB. 

President  Gray  in  addressing  the  association  said  that  the  preceding 
year  had  been  one  of  the  most  di^^astrous  in  the  history  of  the  business, 
resulting  in  the  retirement  of  some  sixty  companies  by  re-insurance 
and  one  out-and-out  failure.  He  regarded  the  practice  which  had 
grown  in  the  business,  that  of  the  reinsuring  of  failing  and  retiring 
companies,  as  a  perfect  "  Pandora  box  of  evils."  It  bad  attracted  to 
Che  business  parasites  and  charlatans  whose  onlr  effort  was  to  ^t 
enough  business  on  their  books  to  make  it  an  object  for  some  legiti- 
mate company  to  buy.  It  had  demoralized  agents  and  educated  the 
assured  to  the  belief  that  one  policy  contract  is  the  same  as  another, 
and  it  had  educated  the  legislator  to  think  that  the  business  is  not 
amenable  to  any  of  the  laws  of  supply  and  demand,  and  had  rendered 
him  only  too  ready  to  yield  to  the  popular  demand  for  hostile  legislation. 
The  president's  address  was  referred  to  a  committee  of  five. 

The  annual  address  was  delivered  by  Mr.  Abram  Williams,  general 
western  manager  for  the  Connecticut  Fire.  He  criticised  the  com- 
panies for  not  Keeping  the  middle  path  between  conservatism  and  de- 
moralization, and  referred  to  the  retirements  in  the  last  year  and  the 
consequent  loss  of  so  much  taxable  capital.  He  reviewed  the  career 
of  the  late  Armstrong  boom  and  declared  that  what  Armstrong  saved 
in  expenses  was  eaten  up  in  losses.  The  speaker  deprecated  re-insur- 
ance of  old  hulks  by  large  companies.  The  former  were  organized  to 
fight  the  latter,  they  cut  rates,  demoralized  business,  and  vet  could  al- 
ways find  some  big  company  to  take  them  in  when  ready  to  retire. 
He  regretted  to  announce  the  abandonment  of  the  World's  Fair  insur- 
ance exhibit  and  charged  President  Whiting  of  the  Orient  with  incon- 
sistency in  this  matter.  The  national  board  companies  had  addressed 
the  president  of  the  United  States,  asking  him  to  call  the  attention  of 
congress  to  the  enormous  fire  losses,  and  their  plaint  was  thrown  into 
the  waste  basket,  while  they  had  refused  to  use  the  moans  at  their  very 
hands  in  the  World's  Fair  to  educate  the  people  on  this  subject.  He  re- 
ferred to  the  many  different  constructions  put  on  the  80  per  cent  co- 
insurance clause,  and  said  the  matter  should  be  understood  first  by 
underwriters  before  they  attempted  to  explain  it  to  the  public.  When 
salaries  and  expenses  exceeded  7  per  cent,  of  the  income  in  a  given 
field  the  special  agent  was  unprofitable.  He  recommended  the  English 
custom  where  the  company  with  the  largest  line  on  a  risk  assumes 
full  charge  of  the  loss,  prorating  the  expenses  among  other  companies. 
In  conclusion  he  denounced  the  policy  contract  now  in  use  as  com- 
plicated and  bewildering  to  the  assured  and  leading  to  litigation  and 
hostile  legislation,  and  submitted  a  form  of  his  own,  which,  while  it 
embraced  all  the  essential  conditions  of  the  standard  policy,  presented 
them  in  such  simple  language  that  nothing  could  be  misunderstood. 
His  simple  form  was  as  follows: 

The iDsnrance  company  hereby  hgreos  to  indemnify to  the  ex 

tent  of  three-fonrthB  of  all  direct  damages  to  tbc  property  herein  deecrlbed  by  flre«  oc- 

cnrrln^  between  12  o'clock  noon 18..,  and  12 o'clock  noon 18..,  the  liability 

hereunder  being  limited  to  an  aggresato  of  $ ;  provided^  hoicfrfr,  that  thiacom- 


nereunaer  Demg  limited  to  an  aggresato  or  S ;  proridcd,  hott^fr,  that  tnia  com- 
pany shall  pay  only  lt«  proportion  of  gnch  three-fourths  pro  rata  with  the  total  inmir- 
ance.  Provided^  aUfO,  tnat  the  asrared  shall  give  the  company  prompt  notice  of  all 
^          ,^-«  __^                        .,               .    .         ...       ,  Vail  permit  theo 

lonable  informal 
nit  the  qaeetioE 

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flree;  shall  endeavor  to  save  the  propertv  from  further  damage:  shall  permit  the  com- 
pany to  examine  and  Investigate:  shall  famish,  under  oath,  all  reasonable  information 
required  by  the  company;  and  shall  in  case  of  disagreement  submit  the  question  of 


Fire  Undbrwbitbrs  Assogtatioks.  95 

amoant  of  damaf^  to  the  property  to  two  disinterested  appraisers —one  selected  by  the 
a«mired,  and  the  other  by  the  company  — the  appraisers  selecting  a  third  If  necessary, 
and  the  award  of  any  two  determining  snch  amount.  T^rovifle/l,  fin  thei'tiun'e^  that  no 
claim  for  which  there  may  be  a  liability  hereunder,  shall  be  due  or  payable  until  sixty 
days  after  rendering  of  proof  thereof,  nor  that  until  any  suit  or  action  at  law  shall  be 
maintained  against  the  company  unless  commenced  within  one  year  from  date  of  the 
fire. 

Form  qf  Policy. 

The  consideration  for  this  agreement  is  the  payment  of premium  and  the 

following  warrantees  by  the  assured  in  respect  to  the  property.  Which  may  be  varied 
only  by  written  endoraeraent  by  an  agent  or  officer  of  the  company  hereon,  namely: 

That  the  sole  and  andispnted  ownership  of  the  property  is  and  shall  remain  vested 
in  the  assared,  without  liens  or  incumbrances  except,  as  to  realty,  first  mortgage  or 
tniet  deed,  without  foreclosure  proceedings. 

That  the  nature  of  the  occupancy  shall  not  be  changed,  nor  the  premises  be  vacated 
or  nnnccDpied  or  inoperative  for  a  longer  period  than  ten  days. 

That  explosive,  highly  inflammable,  or  volatile  substances  shall  not  be  kept  or  used 
on  the  premises  except  in  such  quantities  and  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by 
law  or  ordinance,  or  may  ha  generally  necessary  to  premises  of  similar  occupancy. 

It  Is  mutually  agreed  that  this  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  conseouential  dam- 
ages, nor  for  loss  caused  directly  or  Indirectly  by  invasion.  Insurrection,  Hot,  civil  war, 
or  commotion,  or  military,  or  usurped  power,  or  by  order  of  any  civil  authority. 

It  is  mutnallv  agreed  that  this  policy  shall  be  canceled  at  anv  time  immediately 
npon  notice  by  the  assured,  the  company  in  such  case  retaining  tne  customary  short 
rate;  or  by  the  company  Immediately  upon  notice  for  non-payment  of  premiums;  or, 
the  premiums  having  been  paid,  by  the  company  npon  five  days'  notice  and  refunding 
of  the  unearned  premium  pro  rata. 

Mr.  8.  H.  Southwick,  Chicago  manager  for  the  Michigan  Fire  and 
Marine,  read  a  humorous  paper  entitled  "Cash  Value  to  Insurance 
Companies  of  Handshaking."  He  said  that  handshaking  in  its  broad 
sense  was  the  application  of  common  sense  and  tact  to  business.  He 
recalled  an  instance  of  a  company  which  failed  because  its  president 
and  vice-president  did  not  shake  hands  with  each  other.  Officers  and 
managers  could  do  a  good  deal  of  handshaking  with  their  pens  and 
many  of  them  did  so  with  good  results  to  their  companies.  In  con- 
clusion he  gave  the  following  advice  to  young  field  men; 

I  wish  to  say  a  few  words  to  field  men  who  are  young  in  the  business.  Treat  your 
agents  kindly.  Do  not  undertake  to  tell  them  something  you  know  nothing  about.  If 
they  ask  yon  a  question  which  yon  cannot  answer,  use  tact^  and  If  necessary  tell  them 
yon  are  going  to  the  train  and  will  write  them.  Be  sure  tnat  you  learn  as  rapidly  as 
possible  all  the  peculiarities  of  your  company  (thev  all  have  them),  and  under  no  cir- 
cumstances deviate  from  their  instructions.  If  it  is  possible  to  remain  with  the  com- 
pany you  start  out  with  —  better  do  so.  Changes  are  not  always  productive  of  any  par- 
ticular good.  If  you  are  In  doubt  about  your  giving  satisfaction,  put  the  question  to  the 
company  fairly  and  insist  upon  an  answer.  Be  brief  and  pointed  in  your  correspond- 
ence; say  nothing  abont  the  weather,  as  your  mana^r  reads  the  probaoilities  daily;  be 
prudent  In  your  remarks  concerning  other  companies.  Should  you  at  some  future  time 
be  promoted,  please  remember  that  unless  you  oecome  baldheaded,  the  same  sized  hat 
will  snflSce.  Avoid  excesses  of  every  nature.  Keep  yourself  in  good  trim,  and  never  be 
obliged  to  hold  your  breath  in  reserve.  If  adversity  comes,  push  on,  never  lose  sight  of 
your  families  and  friends,  watch  yourselves,  and  be  able  to  say  that  you  have  been  men 
all  the  way  through.  Finally,  do  not  forgot  to  keep  up  the  warm-hearted,  loyal  hand- 
shaking. 

At  the  afternoon  session  of  the  first  day,  Mr.  E.  F.  Beddall,  manager 
for  the  Koyal  at  Kew  York,  read  a  paper  on  **  High  Buildings  — Their 
Internal  and  External  Hazard  from  Fire,"  which  was  mainly  a  learned 
and  lucid  exposition  of  the  nature,  advantages,  and  results  of  the  co- 
insurance idea  in  fire  underwriting.  He  believed  that  a  re-adiustment 
of  rates  with  the  application  of  the  co-insurance  clause  would  obviate 
the  necessity  of  any  great  advance  in  rates.  In  the  enforcement  of  the 
clause,  however,  great  care  would  have  to  be  taken  in  the  adjustment 
of  rates  on  first-class  risks,  which  have  hitherto  carried  very  so 


*^k 


96  FiBE  UNDBRWRrrSRS'  Absogiatioks. 

amounts  of  ioBurance.    In  summing  up  his  conclusions  Mr.  Beddall 
Baid: 

In  preftenting  theno  few  reinarki«  for  your  consideration,  permit  me  to  Imprem  upop 
yon,  jpent lemon,  the  lucexHity  of  aaln^  vonr  power  nnd  Influence  In  Becurioff  the  nni- 
verwiT  application  of  the  co-inBnnince  clause.  Never  before  in  the  history  or  oar  bn«i- 
nws  ha*  Buch  a  widw^pread  interest  been  excited  on  this  subject  as  now,  and  never  before 
have  circumstances  so  combined  as  to  render  Its  adoption  so  easy.  You,  ec^ntlemen. 
who  are  brou(;ht  in  dally  contact  with  the  l(x*al  ncents  whose  sympathy  must  r)e  enlif^ted 
In  the  movement  in  onier  to  malce  it  Bucce>»8ful  have  tlie  beet  opportunities  for  poithin^ 
forward  this  reform.  A  more  important  ta«lc  never  devolvini  upon  you.  To  convince  a 
property  owner  of  tho  m'ceKsity  for  an  advance  in  hl»»  rate  is  always  attended  with  more 
or  less  difflculry,  but  the  n'HSonabteni'HS  and  faimcto*  of  our  so  wo'rdinK  our  contracte  a? 
to  make  the  proportion  of  any  loss  oayable  by  the  company  contlntt»'nt  upon  the  pro- 
portion of  value  insured  is  so  manir(>f«tly  Just  and  efjuitable  as  to  make  it  unas«ailaDle. 
It  interferes  in  no  wav  with  the  lilxTtv  of  the  insured.  It  permits  him  to  protect  jneit 
such  a  proportion  of  the  value  as  be  is  dlnposed  to  pay  for.  but  at  the  same  time  it  limits 
his  recovery  to  his  own  insurance  valuation,  and  places  him  in  the  same  relation  to  a 
partial  as  to  a  total  loss. 

Fire  Marshal  Swenie  of  Chicago  spoke  on  the  subject  of  the  hazard 
from  fire  of  high  buildings.  So  Tar  as  internal  hazard  is  concerned  it 
was  impossible  to  render  a  building  fl re-proof  filled  wholly  or  in  part 
with  merchandise.  A  fire  starting  in  a  high  building  filled  with  stock,  if 
it  got  under  headway,  would  probably  cause  the  expansion  and  collapse 
of  the  iron  or  steel  frame  work.  No  building  containing  merchandise 
should  be  over  125  feet  high.  Provided  the  building  is  used  for  offices 
alone  the  modern  high  building  is  reasonably  fireproof  if  properly 
constructed.  Each  additional  tenant  increases  the  hazard.  The  so- 
called  improvement  of  electric  lighting  is  not  always  a  source  of  safety 
because  of  carelessness  in  installing  wires  and  poor  insulation.  The 
electric  lighting  should  be  carefully  looked  after. 

Mr.  Duncan,  home  manager  of  the  Scottish  Union  and  National, 
was  introduced  and  con<rratulated  the  members  on  having  such  an  as- 
sociation as  this,  so  different  from  anything  abroad,  and  conferring 
such  lasting  benefits  upon  agents. 

Mr.  A.  A.  Crandall,  in  a  paper  on  "  How  Hates  are  Made  and  Un- 
made/* declared  that  education  was  the  only  remedy  for  rate-cutting. 
Agents  knew  little  of  the  burning  rate  on  any  class  of  risks,  and  hence 
could  not  capably  rate  a  town.  Special  agents  and  even  managers 
knew  little  more  about  rating.  Still  reform  must  come  from  the  com- 
pany officers.  Unjust  rates  led  to  cut  rates  and  demoralization.  With 
few  exceptions  the  loss  ratio,  not  the  expense  ratio,  caused  the  retire- 
ment of  companies  which  had  gone  out  of  business  recently. 

The  opening  paper  in  the  second  day's  proceedings  was  on  "  Public 
Policy"  by  Mr.  H.  T.  Fowler,  Minnesota  state  agent  of  the  Insurance 
Company  of  North  America.  The  burden  of  his  discourse  was  the 
ignorance  of  the  public,  including  policy-holders,  of  fire  insurance  and 
their  misconception  of  its  moral  and  legal  relations  towards  them. 
The  education  of  the  public  should  be  the  duty  of  the  underwriter, 
but  it  is  neglected  in  the  all  absorbing  ambition  to  increase  receipts. 
The  future  of  fire  underwriting,  however,  the  writer  regarded  as  hope- 
ful, and  he  concluded  with  this  prophesy: 

The  handful  of  American  companit^  that  hrive  survl%'ed  the  storms  and  bnffetings 
of  the  past  twenty-flve  yeare,  thtsir  gpltmdid  specimenrt  of  architecture  in  offlce  buildings, 
their  large  receipts,  their  surpluses  and  capital,  and  their  glorious  histories  acquired 
through  years  of^  honest  and  able  management,  while  all  grand  and  enviable  in  thcm- 

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FiBB  UNpERWRITERS*  ASSOCIATIONS.  97 

flelres,  would  be  as  nothinf;  compared  with  tbe achievements  that  could  be  accomplished 
in  the  futare.  In  the  fifty  years  to  como  in  which  it  is  estimated  we  are  to  have  S00,000- 
000  people  within  our  shores  —  America  will  be  the  nation  — the  United  States,  the 
commercial  key  of  the  world,  and  instead  of  thirty-three,  we  shall  have  800  millionaire 
companies,  which  neither  England  nor  the  world  can  equal. 

Mr.  C.  C.  Hine  followed  with  an  interesting  historical  and  analyt- 
ical sketch  entitled,  **  A  Decade  of  Insurance  Litigation."  Mr.  H.  C. 
Clarkson  spoke  upon  the  "Minimum  Tariff  and  Its  Application"  and 
illustrated  his  subject  on  the  blackboard,  and  Professor  C.  0.  Ilaskins 
of  Chicago  read  an  elaborate  essay  on  electricity. 

At  the  close  of  the  second  day's  proceedings  the  following  officers 
and  executive  committee  were  elected: 

President— Eniiiene  Harbeck  of  Chica£;o,  general  agent  of  the  Western  department 
of  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn. 

Vice-President — E.  L.  Allen  of  Beloit,  Wis.,  manager  of  the  Northwestern  depart- 
ment of  the  Royal. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer— E.  V.  Munn,  Beloit,  Wis. 

Executive  Committee  — George  W.  Adams,  E.  L.  Allen,  J.  Mabbitt  Brown,  Eugene 
Gary,  Eugene  Harbeck,  J.  J.  McDonald,  George  A.  S.  Wilson,  Chicago;  H.  T.  Fowler, 
Minneapolis:  John  W.  Maginn,  St.  Louis;  E.  v.  Munn,  Beloit,  Wis.;  J.  P.  Singleton, 
Loaisville;  H.  C.  Stewart,  Des  Moines;   F.  H.  Whitney,  Detroit. 

Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  tlie  Pacific,  composed  of 
general  and  special  agents,  managers,  assistant  managers,  and  iDdepen- 
dent  adjusters  of  fire  msurance  companies  doing  business  in  the  Pacific 
coast  states,  and  officers  of  local  companies,  and  having  its  headquar- 
ters at  San  Francisco,  was  organized  in  1875. 

At  the  time  of  the  great  fire  at  Virginia  City,  Nevada,  in  October 
of  1875,  there  were  some  thirty-four  adjusters  in  attendance,  and  in 
order  to  further  and  expedite  the  adjustment  of  the  loss  there,  frequent 
meetings  were  held  in  the  "palace  car"  which  was  side  tracked  and 
occupied  by  the  adjusters.  Finding  that  such  meetings  were  conducive 
to  much  interest  and  the  improvement  of  the  field  men  generally,  the 
idea  of  permanent  organization  was  discussed.  In  November  of  1875 
this  took  definite  form,  and  by  the  adoption  of  proper  resolutions  the 
association  was*  duly  organized.  A  committee  composed  of  L.  L. 
Bromwell.  H.  H.  Bigelow,  and  J.  R.  Garniss,  was  appointed  to  draft 
a  suitable  constitution  and  by-laws,  and  at  a  regular  meeting  held  at 
San  Francisco,  February  23,  1876,  the  organization  was  completed. 

Since  then  monthly  meetings  have  been  held  at  which  time  subjects 
of  importance  to  the  business  generally  have  been  discussed.  Annual- 
ly there  is  a  gathering,  papers  prepared  upon  different  subjects  per- 
taining to  the  business  are  read,  and  discussion  follows  each.  Two 
days  are  usually  consumed  in  this,  and  on  the  evening  of  the  second 
day  the  proceedings  are  closed  with  a  banquet.  At  the  last  annual 
meeting  the  constitution  was  so  altered  that  the  meetings  are  now  held 
quarterly  instead  of  monthly. 

The  purpose  of  the  association  is  set  forth  in  the  preamble  to  the 
constitution,  which  says  :  "Its  object  shall  be  to  promote  harmony 
and  good  practice  in  the  profession  ;  the  interchange  of  views,  opin- 
ions, and  personal  experience  ;  the  discussion  of  topics  of  interest  to 
the  profession,  and  the  consideration  of  such  subjects  as  may  be 
brought  before  the  the  association."  Its  province  is  purely  advisory, 
and  it  has  no  official  connection  whatever  with  the  rating  organization, 
which  is  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union. 


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98  FoRBiQN  BusiNXfls  OP  Aksbigan  Lifb  Insurakcb. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  presidents  of  the  tisociation  who 
have  served  since  its  organization  :  1876,  B.  F.  Low  ;  1877,  Qeorge  D. 
Dornin  ;  1878,  A.  P.  Flint ;  1879.  C.  T.  Hopkins  ;  1880,  George  W. 
Spencer  ;  1881,  L.  L.  Bromwell ;  1882,  George  F.  Grant ;  1883,  E.  W. 
Carpenter ;  1884,  William  Sexton ;  1885.  C.  Mason  Kinne  ;  1886,  Z.  P. 
Clark ;  1887,  J.  W.  Staples ;  1888,  W.  L.  Chalmers ;  1889,  L.  B. 
Edwards  ;  1890,  Bernard  Faymonville  ;  1891,  W.  H.  Lowden ;  1892. 
H.  M.  Grant ;   1898,  S.  D.  Ives. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  association  February  16  and  17, 1893, 
held  at  San  Francisco,  H.  M.Grant  was  elected  president,  S.  D.  Ives. 
vice-president,  and  George  Tyson,  secretary  :  papers  were  read  by  J. 
H.  De  Veuve  on  *' Lookmg  Backward,"  Edward  Niles,  on  *' Special 
Agents,"  A.  A.  Andre  on  the  "  Special  and  the  Contract,"  Charles  A. 
Lay  ton  on  **  Fire  Patrols,"  Herbert  Folger  on  *'  The  Growth  of  Tariff 
Asflociations,"  William  Sexton  on  ''Fire  Insurance  as  a  Collateral," 
J.  D.  Maxwell  on  ** Boiler  Risks,"  Peter  Outcolt  on  ''Professional 
Errors,"  G.  W.  Harvev  on  **  The  Local  Agent,"  J.  A.  Marat  on  on 
"  The  Evils  of  Open  insurance,"  B.  Faymonville  on  "The  Insurance 
Liability  on  Buildings  in  Course  of  Construction,"  V.  C.  Driffield  on 
"Attachment  before  Proofs."  A.  J.  Wetzlar  on  "  Garnishments  be- 
fore Proofs,"  L.  B.  Edwards  on  "Adjustment  before  Loss,"  and 
George  D.  Dornin  on  "  After  the  Compact,  What  ?  " 

The  present  officers  of  the  association,  who  were  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting  in  February,  1893.  are  8.  D.  Ives,  president ;  RoUa  V. 
Watt,  vice-president ;  R.  W.  Osborn,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  W. 
H.  Lowden,  William  Sexton,  and  V.  C.  Driffield,  executive  commiUee. 

Fire  Underwriters,  National  Board  of.    [See  National  Board.] 
Florida  State   Underwriters'  Association  was   or^ized   in 

April.  1893,  with  Charles  B.  Pendleton  as  president.    It  is  a  social 

organization  of  fire  insurance  agents. 

Florida,  Insurance  Siipervision  in,  1873-1893 :  The  laws  of 
Florida  designate  the  state  treasurer,  comptroller,  and  attorney-general, 
who  are  elected  by  the  people  for  four  years,  as  the  board  of  insurance 
commissioners.  No  extra  compensation  is  allowed  except  a  fee  of  $5  to 
the  state  treasurer  for  the  license  issued  to  each  insurance  company 
authorized  to  transact  business  in  the  state.  C.  B.  Collins  is  the  pres- 
ent state  treasurer,  and  practically  in  charge  of  the  business  of  the  insur 
ance  department.  The  state  treasurers  since  the  passage  of  the  law 
have  been: 


F.  I.  Poni,  1885-18W 

Rdnardo  J.  Triay,  1S»1— 1888 

C.  B.  CoUiDP,  188a- 


C.  H.  Poster,  187JV— 1877 

W.  Gwynn.  1877-1881 

H.  A.  L.  Engle,  1881-1886 

E.  8.  Crill,  1885-1889 

Flonr  City  Life  Association  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.  This 
ment  association  became  bankrupt  in  1892,  and  in  June,  Charles  F. 
Underbill,  the  president,  who  was  tried  for  wrecking  it,  was  convicted 
of  forgery  in  the  third  degree. 

Folsom,  Simon  B.,  president  of  the  New  Hampshire  Life  Under- 
writers' Association.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

Foreign  Business  of  American  Life  Insurance  Companies. 

The  Connecticut  Life  insurance  report  for  1893  contained  the  foUow- 


Francis,  Gut. 


99 


ing  statement  of  business  transacted  in  foreign  countries  in  1892  by  life 
insurance  companies  of  the  United  States: 


Companies. 

PoLioiBs  IN  Force 
Deo.  81,1892. 

Preniiiims 
of  the 
Year. 

Gains  over  Pbecbdino  Year. 

No. 

Amount. 

No. 

Amount. 

Premiums. 

Equitable, 
*GermaDia, 
Mutual,  N.  Y.. 
Mutual  Res.  Fund, 
New  York, 

64,598  $289,311,894 
21.604     28,908.916 
19,506     61,349,665 
7,4(m,     26.850,965 
64,408   211,884,680 

$9,626,473 

1,SM7,3I9 

2,784,272 

317.893 

8,987,289 

3.532 

1,404 
6,188 
1,805 
9,683 

$4,153,787 
2,064,095 

13.899,801 
6.084,890 

26,605,815 

-6,963 
66,861 
691,999 
161,692 
846,471 

TotalH, 

167,6121667,766,019 

$22,868,246 

21,46^ 

$51,707,888 

$1,149  560 

*  Includes  174  annuities. 

Foreign  Fire  Companies,  Receipts  from  and  Remittances  to 
Home  Offices  in  1802 :  Tlie  report  of  the  Connecticut  insurance  de- 
partment for  1893  makes  the  following  statement  of  the  amounts  re- 
mitted bj  foreign  companies  in  this  country  to  their  home  offices  and 
their  receipts  from  the  same  in  1892: 

Amount 

sent 

to  Home 

office. 


Companies. 


Amount 

sent 
to  Home 

office. 

$08,046 


Amount 
received 
fr.  Home 
office. 
$58,098 
850,000 


Xtlas,  London, 

Caledonian,  

Commercial  Union,  181,868 

Ooardian,  London,  18,248 

Hamburg-Bremen,  28,816 

Imperial  Fire,  ia906 

Lancashire,  101,024 
Lion  Fire,  London,  18,419 

Liv.  A  London  A  Globe,  181,047         87,497 
London  Assurance,  17,167  4,860 


60,000 


637,805 


Companies. 


London  &  Lancashire,  , 
No.  Brit.  &  Mercantile, 
Northern, 
Norwich  union. 
Palatine, 

Pbceniz,  London, 
Royal,  Liverpool, 
Bun,  London, 
Transatlantic, 
Union,  Loudon, 


46,642 
88,178 
61,297 

'66,626 

726,200 

124,715 

11,697 

98,000 


Amount 

received 

fr.  Home 

office. 

42,418 

188,974 
5,000 
69,400 

'772,088 
164,240 
45,000 


Totals $1,874,769  $2,429,870 


Szcess  of  receipts  from  home  offices, . 


$555,101 


^^Fouse,  L.  6.,  president  of  the  Fidelity  Mutual  Life  Association  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  in  Blair  County,  Pa.,  October  21,  1850.  He 
was  graduated  from  Mercersburg  College  in  1870,  when  he  became  a 
clerk  in  the  American  Iron  Works  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  but  after  a  short 
service  he  resigned  to  enter  the  life  insurance  business  in  which  he  had 
an  extensive  experience  as  solicitor,  manager,  and  actuary.  He  in- 
vented what  is  now  known  as  the  "  Fouse  plan  "  of  assessment  insur- 
ance, and  in  1878  organized  the  Fidelity  Mutual.  Mr.  Fouse  is  the 
originator  of  the  American  Faculty  of  Actuaries  of  which  he  was  and  is 
the  first  president.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  publications  on  life 
insurance.    [8ee  Fidelity  Mutual  Life  Association.  ] 

Francis,  Guy,  secretary  of  the  Enoxville  insurance  company  of 
Tennessee,  resigned  in  January,  1892,  and  was  appointed  general 
agent  of  the  United  States  Fire  of  New  York  for  Alabama  and  adja- 
cent southern  states.  _  edbyGoOQle 

4  9^- 


52 


100 


FniSlID,   WiLLIAlC  H. 


Francis,  William  A«,  assislaat  United  States  manager  of  the  North 
Britiah  and  Mercantile,  was  born  in  New  York,  January  13,  1855. 
iiis  first  connection  with  fire  insurance  was  in  the  New  York  ofllce  of 
the  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  in  1872.  He  went  into  the  service 
of  the  North  British  and  Mercantile  in  1877,  and  has  been  assistant 
manager  in  the  United  States  branch  office  since  1889. 

Franklin  Fire  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia.  George  F. 
Reger  was  elected  second  vice-president,  and  Robert  H.  Wass,  niana^ 
ffer  of  the  agency  department  in  April,  1892.  Alfred  G.  Baker, 
director  and  former  president,  died  in  I^ecember.     [See  Death  Roll] 

Fraternal  Beneficiary  Societies  and  Orders*  A  tabulated 
statement  of  the  condition  and  business  of  these  orders  will  be  found  at 
the  end  of  this  volume.  The  following  are  the  principal  or^^anizatiou*- 
of  this  class,  and  the  latest  reported  number  of  their  members  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada  : 


Knl|B:ht«  of  Pythian, 

AiU'ieDt  Order  of  I'nited  Workmen, 

Improved  Onivr  of  lied  Men, 

KnightH  of  Houor, 

Royal  Arcanum,     .... 

Junior  Onirr  of  Unit4xl  American  Mfchnuic*, 

Ancient  Order  of  Hi beniiHnjt  of  Ani'-rira. 

Ancient  Order  of  FonnterH  of  America, 

Kni);ht8  of  the  Miiccabt^'H, 

KniehtH  and  Lad i«*H  of  Honor,     . 

M<KUrn  Woodmen  of  America,  . 

8onr*  of  Tempj^ranct', 

American  I^'tion  of  Honor, 

Order  of  I'nited  American  Mechanicf*,  . 

Equitable  Aid  Union, 

National  Union,     .... 

Royal  Templars  of  Temperance, 

On'ler  of  ChoHcn  Friend.s. 

Catholic  Mutual  B*'n<'flt  Af*Hociatioik,     . 

R'uevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elk**, 

Catholic  BenevoU'Ut  Legion, 

Ancient  Order  of  Forewterp, 

IndeiKjndent  Onlerof  B'nai  B'rith, 

Brotherhood  of  Itjiilroad  Trninniiin, 

Catholic  KniphtH  of  America,      . 

Ordi'r  of  Uiiile<l  Friends,  . 

Onler  of  the  Golden  CroB8, 

United  Onler  of  Pilgrim  Fathers, 

Ancient  Order  of  Druids, 

Free  Son?  of  lHrac>l, 

Royal  Society  of  (iood  Fellown.  . 

New  England  Onler  of  Protection, 

Improved  Order  of  Heptai*oplih, 

The  Order  of  Shield  of  Honor,    . 

The  Ord(>r  of  Golden  Chain, 

Smaller  Organizations,     . 

Total,  .... 


357.«1 

139.1*7 
18.5.126 

isa.a-n 

ltn.491 

TliOiW 

67,©  «3 

61,835 

46.10U 
4L»t5 
89,8£< 
88,652 

88,iMi 
35,0(10 
30,157 

26,a«o 

25,UUli 

£3,001) 

«1.5,:1 

19,.'i»ii» 

15,^» 

14,500 

13.U:;!! 

11,055 

10,05;J 

10,00iJ 

8,397 

S,l*i 

173,629 

a,363,13i 


None  of  the  so-called  endowment  assessment  concerns,  of  which  the 
*' Order  of  Tonti "  is  the  type,  are  included  in  the  above,  which  are 
genuine  fraternal  societies.     [See  also  National  Fraternal  Congress.] 

Friend,  William  H.,  secretary  of  the  Sun  insurance  company  of 
San  Francisco ,  was  horn  at  Gloucester,  Mass.,  in  lb40.  In  his  vouth  he 
was  a  sailor.  ,,He  went  to  California  in  1863,  passed  a  number  of  years  in 
trade,  was  an  insurance  solicitor  in  1880,  in  the  custom  hous»  at  San 


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Gebman-Amsrican  Inbuhaivce  Comfaitt.  101 

Francisco  under  President  Garfield,  and  entered  the  service  of  the  Sun 
as  cashier  in  1886.  November  1,  1891,  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
company. 

a 

}ay,  Edward  S.,  southern  manager  of  the  Insurance  Company  of 
North  America,  with  headquarters  at  Atlanta,  was  born  in  1847,  and 
while  a  mere  boy,  the  war  breaking  out,  entered  the  Confederate  ser- 
vice. He  came  out  of  the  war  with  a  captain's  commission,  being 
then  only  eighteen  years  of  age.  He  turned  his  attention  to  insurance, 
and  in  1869  went  to  Texas  to  be  stale  agent  for  the  Insurance  Company 
of  North  America.  Remaining  there  until  1875  he  was  called  by  the 
company  to  Atlanta  U>  take  charge  of  its  business  in  the  south  as  gen- 
eral manager.  Captain  Gay  enjoys  the  reputation  of  being  the  origi- 
nator of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association.  He  is  an  orator  of 
unusual  gifts,  and  is  always  sent  to  the  front  when  legislatures,  bent 
upon  doing  harm  to  the  insurance  business,  have  to  be  reasoned  with. 

General  Agents  of  Insurance  Companies  appointed  in  1892. 

[See  Agents.] 

General  Assurance  Company  of  London,  doing  business  in  the 
Pacitic  coast  states,  reinsured  its  American  fire  business  in  the  London 
and  Lancashire,  in  September,  1892. 

Georgia  Association  of  Life  Insurers  was  organized  by  life  in- 
surance agents  at  Atlanta,  October  12,  1892.  The  following  officers 
and  executive  committee  were  elected :  Thomas  Peters  of  the  Wash- 
ington Life,  Atlsnta,  president;  N.  R.  Winshipof  the  Equitable,  Macon, 
vice-president;  Clarence  Angier  of  the  Mutual  Benefit,  Atlanta,  Secre- 
tary; J.  O.  Wynn  of  the  Provident  Savings,  Atlanta,  treasurer.  Exec- 
utive committee  —  W.  Woods  White  of  the  Northwestern,  Atlanta;  J. 
A.  Perdue  of  the  Equitable,  Atlanta;  R.  H.  Plant  of  the  New  York 
Life,  Macon;  T.  S.  Lowry  of  the  Union  Central,  Macon;  R.  F.  Shed- 
den  of  the  Mutual  of  New  York,  Atlanta. 

Georgia,  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1860-1898:  The  act  creating 
an  insurance  department  in  Georgia  was  approved  March  19,  1869,  the 
comptroller-general  being  charged  with  the  duties  of  supervision. 
The  officials,  who  are  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  four  years, 
have  been:  Madison  Bell,  1869-1873;  W.  L.  Goldsmith.  1878  until 
September  19,  1879,  impeached  and  removed  from  office;  William  A. 
Wright,  appointed  September  20,  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  elected  for 
full  term,  October,  1880,  and  re-elected  for  each  term  since. 

German-American  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  Virginia  was 
chartered,  by  the  circuit  court  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  in  July,  1892. 
The  purposes  of  the  company  were  stated  to  be  a  general  fire  and  light- 
ning insurance  business.  The  capital  stock  was  to  be  not  less  than 
125,000  nor  more  than  $100,000.  The  principal  office  was  to  be  at  Rich- 
mond. The  officers  elected  were  Alfred  Howard  of  Philadelphia,  pres- 
ident, and  William  P.  DeSaussure  of  Richmond,  vice-president.  The 
persons  principally  interested  were  Philadelphians. 

German-American  insurance  companyof  New  York  was  organized 
and  began  business  March  7,  1872.    The  capital  stock  was  $1,000,000. 


OERiCAN-AicBaicAH  Insurahcb  Compakt. 


William  F.  Heins  was  elected  president  and  John  W.  Murray  secre- 
tary. The  charter  authorized  fire,  marine,  and  inland  insurance,  and 
these  lines  were  prosecuted  during  tUe  first  years  of  the  company's  op- 
erations. At  the  outset  an  agency  corps  was  established  in  each  of  the 
leading  middle,  western,  and  New  England  states.  Admission  to  Illi- 
nois was  granted  March  2,  1872,  and  to  Michigan  two  days  later.  The 
states  of  Massachusetts,  Pennsylyania,  Missouri,  Ohio,  and  Connecticut 
were  also  entered  in  1872.  In  1873  the  issuance  of  marine  and  inland 
policies  was  inaugurated,  but  the  company's  attention  was  devoted 
mainly  to  fire  insurance  transactions.  The  Chicago  fire  occurred  in 
the  October  prior  to  the  organization  of  the  German-American  and  the 
Boston  fire  in  November  succeeding.  The  net  cash  premium  receipts 
from  March  7,  until  December  31,  1872,  amounted  to  $520,348.  The 
losses  paid  aggregated  $173,764.  The  total  income  was  $586,135,  and 
the  expenditures  $342,436,  the  excess  of  income  over  expenditures 
being  $243,698.  The  amount  of  insurance  in  force,  January  1.  1873, 
was  $49,678,416.  The  income  for  1873  exceeded  the  expenditures  by 
$265,241.  A  dividend  of  $40,000  was  declared.  In  1874  a  10  per  cent, 
dividend  on  the  entire  stock  was  ordered.  During  the  past  five  years 
the  company  has  paid  an  annual  dividend  of  $200,000,  being  20  per 
cent,  on  the  capital.  Under  the  New  York  law  providing  for  a  special 
reserve  fund  the  company  has  $500,000  deposited  with  the  insurance 
department  and  a  guarantee  surplus  fund  of  $500,000.  The  business 
and  progress  of  the  German-American  since  1875,  the  annual  statements 
being  given  from  1885,  will  appear  from  the  appended  figures: 


Year. 


Net  Cash 
Premiamfl. 


Total 
Income. 


1875 

$940,483 

1880 

1,159,910 

1885 

1,992,664 

1886 

2,117,863 

1887 

3,860,(188 

1888 

2,389,555 

1889 

2,480,362; 

1890 

2,388,218 

1891 

2,635,721 

1892 

2,884,036 

$1,037,620 

$422,962 

$860,496 

$2,066,010 

1,278,419 

504,388 

1,002,000 

3,004,a5ii 

2,162.208 

1,082,477 

1,852,912 

4,701,408 

2,300,056 

1,012,917 

1,932,560 

5,150,899 

2,668,864 

1,811,643 

2,341,880 

5,288,249 

2,549.372 

1,476,853 

2.653.618 

5,888,638 

2,640.476 

1,426,068 

2,552,112 

5,544,347 

2,619,341 

1,301,446 

2,396,211 

5,599.8M 

2,858,060 

1,578,795 

2.734.358 

5,S79,*« 

8,124,744 

1.664,359 

2,922,928 

6,202,3a5 

Total 
Ezpenditurea. 


A80et«. 


The  net  surplus,  December  31, 1893,  amouuled  to  $2,256,915.  Since 
or^nization  the  company  has  received  $34,882,815  in  premiums,  and 
paid  $17,773,774  in  losses.  The  cash  dividends  declared  since  the  com- 
mencement of  business  amount  to  $2,740,000.  In  1873  President  iieins 
was  succeeded  by  Emil  OeU)ermann,  who  has  since  remained  at  the 
head  of  the  companv.  At  the  same  time  James  A.  Siivey  was  made 
secretary  in  place  of  John  W.  Murray  and  still  retains  the  position. 
Mr.  Siivey  is  also  second  vice-president  of  the  company,  the  vice-pres- 
idency being  held  by  John  W.  Murray.  George  T.  Patterson  is  the 
third  vice-president.  The  assistant  secretaries  of  the  agency  depart- 
ment are  W.  S.  Newell  and  P.  E.  Rasor.  The  directors  are  C.  F.  Ack- 
ermann,  F.  J.  Allen,  Austin  P.  Baldwin,  Joseph  H.  Choate,  Louis  F. 
Doihmerich,  Gustuv  U.  Gossicr,  C.  K.  A.  lliurichs,  Charles  A.  Hoyt, 


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Grannis,  Robert  A.  lOB 

Charles  H.  Isham,  Woodbury  Langdon,  Lowell  Lincoln,  Charles  Mall, 
John  W.  Murray,  E.  Oelbermann.  George  T.  Patterson.  Charles  Pfizer, 
Thomas  E.  Proctor,  Louis  Schreiber,  Jas.  A.  Silvey,  Charles  S.  Smith, 
George  W.  Smith,  Adolph  A.  Strohn,  Henry  C.  Ward,  Hugo  Wcssen- 
donck,  A.  R.  Whitney,  Louis  Windmuller,  F.  Winkhaus,  William 
Wood. 

Germania  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York  in  March,  1892, 
closed  its  southern  department,  of  which  Clarence  Knowles  of  Atlanta 
was  manager,  and  its  business  in  that  department  (excepting  Texas) 
was  reinsured  by  the  Delaware  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia, 
which  was  also  represented  in  the  South  by  Mr.  Knowles  as  manager. 
The  Texas  business  was  taken  by  the  American  Fire  of  New  York. 
The  Germania  continued,  however,  its  connection  with  some  of  its 
local  agents.  George  B.  Edwards,  special  agent,  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  the  company,  April  6,  1892. 

Glens  Falls  insurance  company  of  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  January  20, 
1892,  elected  J.  L.  Cunningham  president,  to  succeed  Russell  M.  Little 
deceased.    R.  A.  Little  succeeded  Mr.  Cunningham  as  secretary. 

Goodnow,  Jotham,  president  of  the  ^tna  insurance  company  of 
Hartford.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

^H»€rOOdricli,  Thomas  F.,  president  of  the  Niagara  Fire  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  born  at  Albion,  Orleans  County,  N.  Y.,  in 
1833.  At  the  age  of  twenty  years  he  embarked  in  the  insurance  busi- 
ness in  the  agency  of  H.  A.  Brewster,  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Three 
years  later  he  went  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  banking  and 
insurance  there  for  eight  years,  representing  the  Home  of  New  York 
and  the  Hartford  Fire,  his  firm  being  Hubbard  &  Goodrich.  During 
his  residence  in  Iowa  he  acted  as  assistant  cashier  of  the  First  Nation^ 
Bank  of  Iowa  City  for  several  years.  Called  to  New  York  by  the 
Home  in  1864,  he  accepted  a  responsible  position  in  the  office  of  that 
company,  with  which  he  remained  nine  years.  In  1873  he  became 
secretary  of  the  agency  department  of  the  German- American,  and  in 
March,  1880,  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  Niagara.  Four  years 
later  he  was  elected  vice-president,  and  on  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Not- 
man  in  March,  1893,  succeeded  him  as  president. 

■^  Goodwin,  Warren  F.,  manager  of  the  central  department  of  the 
Northern  of  London,  at  Cincinnati,  was  born  at  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1857.  He  entered  the  New  York  office  of  the  London  Assurance  Cor- 
poration in  1873,  as  a  junior  clerk,  and  was  afterwards  appointed  its 
special  agent  for  New  Jersey  and  Long  Island.  In  1882,  Mr.  Goodwin 
went  into  the  service  of  the  Northern  in  its  New  York  office.  He 
was  commissioned  manager  of  the  central  department  January  1, 1887. 
Grabf elder,  Abraham  L.,  general  agent  of  the  Manhattan  Life  for 
the  southern  States.     [See  Death  Roll.  ] 

Grand  Rapids  Fire  insurance  company  of  Michigan,  in  April, 
1892,  elected  1^  Stewart  White,  president,  to  succeed  S.  F.  Aspinwall, 
deceased,  and  J.  R.  Champlin,  vice-president. 

i^i^Grannis,  Robert  A.,  vice-president  of  the  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  bom  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1840,  his 


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104  Greene,  Jacob  L. 

father  being  a  prominent  New  York  merchant.  Mr.  GntDnisa  gradu- 
ated from  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of  Brooklyn  in  1856,  and  had  Ids 
first  business  experience  as  a  clerk  in  a  drygoods  house  at  Richmond, 
Va.  Returning  to  New  York,  he  was  employed  for  some  time  as  a 
clerk  in  the  ofHce  of  the  New  York  Life.  From  that  company  he 
went  to  the  Widows  and  Orphans  Benefit  Life,  of  which  he  became  in 
time,  secretary.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  Metropol- 
itan Life,  and  in  1877  became  one  of  its  vice-presidents.  In  1885,  he 
received  the  unanimous  call  from  the  trustees  of  the  Mutual  Life  to 
take  the  vice-presidency  of  that  company. 

Greene,  Jacob  L.,  president  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  insur- 
ance company,  was  born  at  Waterford,  Me.,  August  9,  1837.  He  pur- 
sued his  studies  in  the  district  schools  and  at  the  Frye burgh  Academy, 
and  took  the  special  course  at  the  Michigan  University.  Having 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Sep- 
tember, 1859,  and  began  practice  in  Lapeer  county.  He  was  appointed 
court  commissioner  in  1860.  In  June,  1861,  the  young  lawyer  aban- 
doned his  law  books  for  the  musket  and  enlisted  in  the  seventh  Michi- 
gan infantry.  He  saw  a  great  deal  of  active  service,  fought  his  way  to  a 
commission,  and  when  assistant  adjutant-general,  was  captured  and 
imprisoned  at  Libby,  Macon,  and  Charleston.  Paroled  and  finally 
exchanged,  he  joined  General  Custer  and  was  his  chief  of  stafi^,  ^with 
the  rank  of  Major,  and  was  breveted  lieutenant  colonel.  He  was  not 
mustered  out  of  the  service  until  April,  1866.  Colonel  Greene  began 
his  insurance  career  as  an  agent  of  the  Berkshire  Life  the  same  month. 
In  the  following  September  he  was  appointed  assistant  secretary  of  the 
company,  in  which  position  he  remained  until  in  1870,  when  he  'was 
appointed  assistant  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual.  In  April, 
1871,  he  was  appointed  secretary,  and  on  President  Goodwin's  death 
in  1878,  was  elected  president.  Col.  Greene  is  associated  with  numer- 
ous financial,  educational,  and  social  institutions  of  Hartford,  is  a 
vestryman  of  Trinity  Church,  a  leading  member  of  the  Church  Tem- 
perance Society,  and  a  frequent  writer  for  the  class  press  and  public 
speaker. 

President  Greene  contributed  an  article  to  the  New  York  Independ- 
ent of  October  20,  1892,  on  the  rebate  evil  in  life  insurance  practice. 
After  showing  how  rebating  premiums  to  the  assured  dishonors  the 
policies  of  the  company  which  encourages  or  connives  at  the  practice 
for  the  sake  of  securing  great  volume  of  business,  and  undermines  its 
stability,  the  writer  took  issue  with  President  McCurdy  of  the  Mutual 
Life,  as  to  the  remedy  for  the  evil  as  set  forth  by  the  latter  in  a  recent 
article  in  the  Independent.  [See  McCurdy,  Richard  A.]  Mr.  Greene 
said: 

I  have  read  with  great  Interest  Mr.  McCard.v'fi  cotniniinictitton  on  this  enbject.  La 
which  he  places  the  reHponpibility  for  rebating  entirely  on  the  agent.  He  argues  the  in- 
ability of  the  companiet*  to  make  a  practical  and  effective  ngreeinent  for  the  conviction, 
disniiseal,  and  blacklisting  of  rebating  agcnte,  and  the  iui|X)Kwbility  of  proving  infrac- 
tions of  the  laws  apiinut  rebatct*  which  win  be  and  are  M)  easily  violated  in  numberlesd 
way»,  direct  or  indirect ;  in  thcne  i>oint8  he  ia,  I  fear,  too  nearly  right.  But  when  he 
sayn  that  '*  the  remedy  lies  with  the  agents  exclusively,"  and  that  no  long  &»  they  '*  wilJ 
secretly  defy  the  law  of  the  state  and  the  wish  of  the  comoanies,  no  power  poeseesod  by 
tlie  companies  can  prevent  them,"  I  must  say  that  the  real  "  wish  of  the  companies  "  in 
the  matter,  is  to  be  and  actually  is  interpreted  by  the  provisions  they  do  or  do  not  make 


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Orbbkwich  Iksttrakcb  Company.  105 

for  rebating.  The  asent  whose  company  pays  him  only  a  proper  living  and  working 
commiMton  know*  that  it  is  not  the  company's  wish  or  expectation  that  he  shoold  re- 
bate. The  agent  whose  company  pays  him  two  or  three  times  such  a  commission  knows 
what  Is  expected  of  him  ana  does  it. 

Let  those  rebating  companies  cot  their  commissions  down  to  the  proper  point  and 
rebatinff  will  end.  There  will  be  nothing  to  do  it  with.  As  lone  as  there  is  anything  to 
do  it  with  it  will  be  done.  It  depends  solely  upon  these  compames  whether  they  will  or 
will  not  continae  to  famish  agents  with  the  means  to  rebate.  That  is  the  only  question 
there  is  in  the  matter.    That  is  what  they  will  be  Judged  by. 

Greenwicli  insurance  company  of  the  city  of  New  York  was  or- 
snnized  May  5,  1884,  and  began  business  on  the  ensuing  January  1. 
But  there  was  a  Greenwich  insurance  company  prior  to  this,  a  parent 
company,  bom  in  1824,  with  $250,000  capital,  and  officered  by  Ferris 
Pell  as  president  and  Ley!  H.  Clark  as  secretary.  This  old  Qreenwich 
company  appears  to  have  passed  out  of  sight  about  a  year  before  the 
present  company  received  its  charter.  The  Greenwich  is  therefore 
fifty-eight  years  old,  or,  counting  back  to  the  advent  of  its  progenitor, 
sixty-eight  years  old.  The  table  printed  below  tells  the  story  of  its 
gradual  growth,  a  slow  and  cautious  growth  in  its  youth,  a  rapid  and 
vigorous  growth  from  the  time  it  reached  its  maturity.  The  capital  of 
the  Greenwich  has  remained  at  $200,000  since  1884.  Its  first  heavy 
loss,  heavy  for  that  era,  occurred  in  the  first  year  of  its  business,  in 
the  great  New  York  fire  of  December,  1885,  on  account  of  which  it 
paid  $85,182.78.  The  first  president  was  Charles  Oakley,  and  the 
second  Timothy  Whittemore.  He  served  the  company  as  Its  chief 
executive  thirty-five  years,  and  was  succeeded  in  1869  by  Samuel  C. 
Harriot,  whose  presidency  lasted  thirty-one  jrears.  Secretary  Mason 
A.  Stone  became  the  fourth  successive  president  of  the  Greenwich 
in  1891.  He  had  been  secretary  since  1872,  a  period  of  nineteen 
years.  The  roster  of  secretaries  since  1834  is,  Samuel  Y.  Clark, 
appointed  1884;  Joseph  Torrey,  1886;  James  Harrison,  1849;  Mason 
A.  Stone,  1872;  Walter  B.  Ward  and  William  Adams  (assistant  secre- 
taries), 1891.  The  Greenwich  does  an  agency  business,  both  fire  and 
inland  marine,  in  all  the  principal  states.  During  the  fifty-eight  years 
of  its  existence  it  has  received  in  premiums  $11,885,284,  and  paid  for 
losses  $7,790,162.  It  has  paid  cash  dividends  to  its  stockholders  of 
$3,080,000.  Although  the  two  disastrous  years  1891  and  1892  affected 
the  Greenwich,  as  it  did  all  other  responsible  fire  insurance  companies 
doing  business  in  the  United  States,  still  its  strength  is  not  impaired 
and  it  has  regained  its  old  headway  since  the  beginning  of  the  year. 

The  fifty-eighth  annual  statement  of  the  company,  under  date  of 
December  81,  1892,  reported  assets  of  $1,486,153,  reserve  premium 
fund  of  $821,568,  total  liabilities,  including  capital,  $1,865,095,  surplus 
beyond  all  liabilities,  $121,057;  premium  receipts  in  1892  of  $1,228,562, 
aggregate  receipts,  $1,296,659,  disbursements  for  losses.  $934,911, 
aggregate  disbursemento,  $1,412,888.  Fire  risks  written,  $181,184,241, 
inland  risks  written,  $57,885,552.    Total  risks  in  force,  $276,204,119. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  growth  of  this  company,  the  annual 
returns  being  given  after  1880: 


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106 

OuiLB,  John  J 

Years. 

Oroee  ApeeU. 

Gross  Income. 

Gross  Expendl- 
tares. 

Amount  si  RUk 
Dec.  Si. 

1835 

$287,074 
819,913 

$87,977 
36.354 

$4,97,000 

lt(46 

6,000,000 

1866 

249^19 

5«,1»4 

"■$46;674 

7,006,347 

lb65 

888,881 

181.468 

149,986 

16,893,476 

1876 

654,389 

247,675 

826,898 

81,161,934 

1880 

748,938 

826.820 

820,266 

02,543^803 

1881 

806.0fti 

889,968 

867.780 

85,107^10 

1884 

916,181 

54(V,K98 

490,725 

115.492,000 

1883 

1,010,U0G 

677,268 

610,918 

158,846,186 

1K84 

1,188,896 

868,206 

764,092 

188,6Ua,49H 

1886 

1,268,260 

919,674 

798,480 

9(X),640,8ari 

1886 

1,888,061 

888.168 

T71,9ll 

2U0.6(n,8&4 

1887 

1.858,490 

848,488 

861,922 

186,041,431 

1888 

1,405,811 

954,989 

987,978 

200,213,884 

1889 

1.489,787 

1,006,492 

995,006 

247,171,717 

1800 

i,65i,o:i6 

1,014,666 

952,979 

280,000.156 

1891 

1,697,375 

1,256,196 

1,815,425 

298.913,182 

189S 

1,486,158 

1,296,659 

1,412,888 

276,204,119 

Gaardian  Fire  and  Life  assurance  company  of  London,  liaiited, 
was  chartered  December  17,  1821.  it  transacts  both  a  fire  and  life 
business,  but  only  the  former  in  the  United  States.  Its  subecribed 
capital  is  £2,000,000,  and  its  paid-up  capital,  £1,000,000.  Accarding 
to  its  home  office  statement  of  December  31,  1892,  its  total  funds  are 
£4.518.467  or  over  $22,000,000.  Its  fire  fund  was  £678.100  or  over 
$3,300,000.  The  chairman  of  the  directors  of  the  Guardian  is  Oeorge 
LalLo,  and  the  board  is  composed  of  leading  bankers,  merchants,  and 
other  capitalists  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Mr.  Arthur  J.  Relton,  who 
entered  the  service  of  the  Guardian  in  1876,  and  worked  his  way 
through  the  home  and  foreign  departments,  is  the  manager  of  the 
company's  fire  department,  and  as  such  is  well  known  in  America, 
The  Guardian  was  admitted  to  the  United  States  September  24,  1872, 
under  the  management  of  Francis  H.  Carter.  In  1876  Mr.  Garter  was 
succeeded  by  Henry  E.  Bowers  as  resident  United  States  manager,  and 
he  has  continued  in  charge  of  the  company's  affairs  in  this  country  to 
the  present  time.  When  he  became  manager  the  assets  of  the  Guar- 
dian in  the  United  States  were  $763,765.  and  its  annual  premium  in- 
come $89,446.  The  United  States  assets  of  the  company  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  year  were  $1,671,939,  and  its  premium  income  in  laM 
was  $1,107,182.  The  total  premiums  received  in  the  United  States 
since  the  year  of  admission  have  been  $11,039,692,  and  the  losses  paid 
$5,690,623.  These  figures  speak  for  the  management.  N.  W.  Meserole 
is  now  manager  of  the  western  department,  and  the  Pacific  coast  mana- 
ger. William  J.  Landers,  reports  through  the  New  York  office.  The 
United  States  trustees  are:  James  A.  Roosevelt,  James  M.  Constable, 
Alfred  M.  Hoyt,  Adrian  Iselin.  Jr.,  and  Richard  Irvin. 

Guile,  John  J.,  resident  manager  for  the  United  States  of  the  Sun 
insurance  office  of  London,  was  born  in  Liverpool,  England,  May  5, 
1854.  residing  in  that  city  until  his  removal  to  London  in  1882. 
January.  1872.  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Roval  insurance 
company,  where  he  remained  until  1882,  and  then  transferred  liis  ser- 


MaLSET,  .tACOB  L.  lOt 

▼ices  to  the  Snn.  In  May,  1885,  Mr.  Guile  was  appointed  secretary  of 
the  United  States  branch  of  the  Sun ;  in  May,  1886,  he  was  made 
assistant  manager,  and  in  December  of  the  same  year  manager,  which 
position  he  has  since  occupied. 

H 

Hall,  Henrjr  H.,  of  Hall  &  Henshaw,  resident  United  States  man- 
agers for  the  Union  Assurance  Society  of  London,  was  born  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1846.  His  first  business  experience  was  as  a  clerk  in  the 
Boston  office  of  the  Home.  Removing  to  New  York,  he  was  for  some 
years  secretary  of  the  National  Fire  insurance  company  of  that  city. 
Subsequently  he  was  appointed  United  States  branch  manager  of  the 
Northern  of  London,  which  position  he  resigned  in  April,  1889,  and 
formed  with  W.  W.  Henshaw  the  firm  now  representing  the  Union  of 
London,  and  several  otber  foreign  and  American  companies.  Mr.  Hall 
was  president  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  in  1886 
and  1887,  and  has  always  been  prominent  in  New  York  fire  under- 
writing. 

■»•  Hall,  John  A.,  secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  insur- 
ance company,  was  born  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  December  17, 
1840.  As  a  boy,  he  sold  newspapers  on  the  railroad  trains  for  a  liveli- 
hood. He  was  employed  in  the  government  armory  at  Springfield, 
Mass.,  from  1861  to  186i5.  In  the  latter  year  he  became  a  life  insurance 
solicitor.  He  was  appointed  a  general  agent  at  the  home  office  of  the 
Massachusetts  Mutual  in  1872,  superintendent  of  agencies  in  1880,  and 
secretory  in  1881. 

Hall,  Sanford  J.,  secretary  of  the  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine 
insurance  company,  was  born  at  Orafton,  Mass.,  March  81,  1820.  As 
a  youth  he  was  clerk  in  a  store  at  Southboro,  Mass. ,  and  was  after- 
wards in  the  dry-goods]  business  at  Worcester  until  1851,  when  he 
went  into  the  service  of  tbe  Peoples  Fire  insurance  company  of  that 
city  as  a  bookkeeper.  In  1861  he  was  secretory  of  the  Massasoit 
insurance  company  of  Springfield,  and  in  1866  assistant  secretary  of 
the  company  which  he  now  serves.  He  was  appointed  secretary  in 
1866.    Mr.  Hall  has  been  in  the  insurance  business  42  years. 

^  Halsey,  Jacob  L.,  vice-president  of  the  Manhattan  Life  insurance 
company,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  August  18,  1828,  and 
on  April  1, 1846,  began  his  insurance  career  in  the  office  of  the  Nautilus, 
now  the  New  York  Life  insurance  company.  After  two  years'  service 
there,  he  went  into  the  employment  of  the  American  Mutual  of  New 
Haven,  with  which  he  remained  until  the  organization  of  the  Manhat- 
tan Life  in  1850.  Mr.  Halsey  has  given  all  the  remaining  years  of  his 
life  to  this  company,  having  been  promoted  by  successive  grades  to 
his  present  position  in  which  he  has  the  direction  of  the  company's 
insurance  department.  Mr.  Halsev  has  the  distinction  of  beine  the 
oldest  life  underwriter  in  the  United  States  measured  by  years  of 
service. 


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108  HABDind,  AicoB  J. 

HanoTer  Fire  insuraaoe  company  of  New  York,  was  or^nized 
April  15,  1852,  with  a  cash  capiul  of  $150,000.  The  original  officers 
were  John  N.  Wyckoff,  president,  and  John  V.  Harriott,  secretary. 
The  company  grew  steadily,  advancing  its  capital  to  $200,000  in  1857 
and  $400,000  in  1863.  At  the  time  of  the  Chicago  Are,  its  assets  had 
reached  $872,628,  and  it  had  nearly  seyenty-flve  millions  of  business  on 
its  books.  It  was  caught  in  the  fire  like  all  the  other  prominent  com- 
panies, and  was  forced  to  reduce  its  capital  to  $250,000,  but  it  returned  to 
the  previous  amount  in  1878,  and  two  years  later  added  another  $100,000. 
In  1881  the  capital  was  made  a  round  million.  The  Hanover  united 
with  other  companies  in  1864,  in  establishing  the  New  York  Under- 
writers Agency,  for  the  transaction  of  its  agency  business  outside  of 
New  York,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Alexander  Stoddart.  The 
arrangement  has  been  twice  renewed,  in  1874  and  1884.  The  preai- 
dents  of  the  Hanover  have  been  John  N.  Wyckoff,  1853  ;  8.  H.  Rock- 
enbaugh,  1858  ;  Doras  L.  Stone,  1860 ;  Benjamin  8.  Walcott,  1866  ; 

1.  Remsen  Lane,  1891.  The  secretaries  have  been  John  Y.  Harriott, 
1852  ;  Doras  L.  Stone,  1854  ;  Benjamin  8.  Walcott,  1860  ;  I.  Remsen 
Lane,  1866  ;  Charles  L.  Roe,  1891.  The  present  officers  are  Mr.  Lane, 
president ;  Charles  L.  Roe,  vice-president  and  secretary ;  Charles  A. 
Shaw.  assisUnt  secretary.  The  assets  December  81 , 1 892,  were  $2,600,  - 
990,  the  liabilities  not  including  capital,  $1,208,109,  and  the  net  sur- 
plus, $397,882.  The  total  premiums  received  from  the  organization  of 
the  company  to  the  beginning  of  1893,  were  $25,145,441 ;  the  losses  paid 
were  $13,948,181;  the  dividends  paid  were  $2,209,500.  The  Hanover 
does  business  in  nearly  every  state  of  the  Union,  having  deposits  as 
required  by  law  in  Qeorgia  and  Virginia. 

Harbeck,  Eugene,  general  agent  of  the  Pheniz  of  Brooklyn  for  its 
western  and  southern  departments,  was  born  at  Batavia,  K.  Y.,  in 
1853.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  at  Battle  Creek.  Mich., 
and  entered  a  local  agency  at  that  place  as  an  office  boy.  In  1878,  he 
established  an  agency  of  his  own,  but  three  years  later  he  went  on  the 
road  as  special  agent  of  the  Detroit  Fire  and  Marine,  with  which  he 
remained  until  he  accepted  the  position  of  state  agent  of  the  Pheniz  in 
Michigan.  After  resigning  and  serving  as  secretary  of  the  Michigan 
Fire  and  Marine  insurance  companv,  he  returned  again  to  the  Phenix 
as  assistant  manager  at  Chicago,  111.,  and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Burch, 
was  appointed  to  succeed  him  as  general  agent.  Mr.  Harbeck  wad 
elected  president  of  the  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the  North- 
west at  its  last  annual  meeting. 

^  Harding,  Amos  J.,  western  general  manager  for  the  Springfield 
Fire  and  Marine  insurance  company,  was  born  near  Oalion,  O.,  May 

2,  1839.  He  was  educated  at  Ohio  Central  College,  and  began  the  fire 
insurance  business  in  Nebraska  in  1858  as  a  local  agent.  He  enliated 
as  a  private  in  a  Nebraska  regiment  in  1861,  and  was  mustered  out  at 
the  close  of  the  war  as  a  captain.  Returning  to  Nebraska  he  resumed 
his  local  agency,  and  was  also  for  some  years  special  agent  for  the 
Home  of  New  York.  In  1871,  he  was  appointed  special  agent  and 
adjuster  for  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn  for  a  number  of  western  states, 
and  in  1876  organized  the  western  department  of  the  Springfield,  with 
headquarters  at  Chicago. 

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Habtfobd  Lifb  asd  AjmnnTT  Insubanoe  Compakt.       100 

■*  Hare^  J.  Montgomery,  resident  United  States  manager  of  the  Nor- 
wich Union  Fire  insurance  society  of  England,  was  bom  at  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  in  1842.  His  father  was  the  Rev.  Dr.  George  E.  Hare  and  his 
mother  a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Bishop  Hobart.  He  began  his 
business  life  as  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  house  in  Philadelphia,  but  soon 
after  entered  the  office  of  the  American  Fire  insurance  company.  He 
served  one  year  in  the  Keystone  Battery  of  Philadelphia  in  the  ciTil 
war.  In  1864  he  went  to  JSTew  York  and  became  a  partner  of  Charles 
P.  Frame,  and  this  business  connection  representing  a  number  of 
prominent  fire  insurance  companies  has  continued  to  the  present  time. 
Mr.  Hare  was  appointed  manager  of  the  Norwich  Union  in  May,  1879. 
He  is  an  active  member  of  the  New  York  local  board,  of  the  TarUff 
Association,  and  other  working  organizations  of  fire  underwriters. 

Harper,  Edward  B.,  president  of  the  Mutual  Reserve  Fund  Life 
association  of  New  York,  was  born  near  Dover,  Del.,  September  14, 
1843.  Left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  thirteen  he  had  to  take  care  of  him- 
self, which  he  did  as  a  clerk  in  a  Dover  store.  When  he  was  twenty 
he  entered  a  commercial  college  at  Baltimore  and  received  a  thorough 
business  education.  After  graduating  he  secured  a  position  in  a  Phila- 
delphia banking  house  in  which  he  rose  in  a  few  years  to  be  manager. 
In  1868  he  was  offered  and  accepted  the  position  of  western  manager 
of  the  Commonwealth  Life  of  New  York.  He  remained  with  this 
company  six  years  and  in  1874  took  the  New  York  general  agency  of 
the  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life.  Mr.  Harper  founded  the  Mutual 
Reserve  Fund  in  1881,  becoming  its  president  and  manager  [see  Mutual 
Reserve  Fund]. 

Hartford  Life  and  Annuity  insurance  company  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  began  business  in  1866  as  the  Hartford  Accident  insurance 
company.  The  company  at  first  wrote  accident  policies  only,  but 
in  August,  1867,  it  extended  its  business  to  life  insurance.  The 
orieinal  incorporators  were:  D.  F.  Seymour,  Charles  H.  Northam, 
E.  N.  Kelloge.  John  A.  Butler,  C.  M.  Pond,  Austin  Dunham,  £.  H. 
Fenn.  Hiram  Bissell,  Elisha  T.  Smith,  William  Hamersley.  E.  Thomas 
Lobdell,  Stiles  D.  Sperry,  Milo  Hunt,  John  W.  Danforth,  Chester 
Adams,  D.  A.  Rood,  George  Sexton,  Joseph  H.  Sprague,  H.  W. 
Conklin,  H.  C.  Beckwith,  F.  A.  Marcy.  C.  C.  Kimball,  James  B. 
Crosby,  Julius  Converse,  H.  C.  Robinson,  J.  E.  Coleman,  Jacob 
Knous,  and  John  R.  Buck. 

In  1867  also  the  company  changed  its  name  to  that  of  the  Hartford 
Life  and  Accident  insurance  company,  and  the  following  year  to  that 
which  it  now  bears.  From  1867  to  1879  it  did  business  on  the  ordinary 
life  insurance  plan,  but  in  the  latter  year  it  adopted  and  perfected  the 
plan  of  pure  insurance,  called  The  Safety  Fund  System,  which  it  has 
since  operated  with  unvarying  success. 

Of  this  plan  the  volume  issued  by  the  Hartford  Board  of  Trade 
says: 

"Applicants  for  insurance  pay  a  single  admission  fee,  which  varies 
according  to  the  amount  required,  but  not  with  the  age  of  the  person. 
For  collecting  and  distributing  the  funds,  and  all  other  expenses  of 
manaf^ement,  a  yearly  charge  of  a  fixed  amount  for  $1,000  of  insur- 
ance la  ma4e  being  the  same  for  all  ages,  and  the  rate  cannot  be  in- 

.,__,  Google 


110       Hartford  Lifr  and  Aknuitt  Irrurancb  Compaist. 

creased.  The  safety  fund,  which  dyes  the  system  its  name,  is  made 
up  exclusively  of  contributions  of  $10  per  $1,000,  required  of  each 
member  once  only,  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Security  company 
of  Hartford  as  trustee  for  the  policy- holders.  Semi-annually  the  net 
income  from  the  fund  must  be  aivided  pro  rata  among  the  holders  of 
policies  in  force,  who,  five  years  before  or  earlier,  contributed  to  it 
their  full  share,  and  the  dividends  thus  accruinf;  are  applied  to  the  re- 
duction of  future  dues  and  mortality  calls.  When  the  fund  reaches 
one  million,  the  contribution  from  new  members  are  semi-annually 
added  to  the  income  from  it,  when  the  entire  surplus  thus  accruing 
will  be  distributed  in  like  manner. 

"The  principal,  placed  by  a  deed  of  trust  beyond  the  control  of  the 
company,  remains  at  an  even  million,  as  a  guarantee  that  death  claims 
shall  always  be  met  in  full,  even  if  the  membership  for  any  cause  be 
so  reduced  that  stipulated  mortality  calls  fail  to  produce  enough  to  sa^ 
isfy  the  claims. 

"By  mathematical  computation  the  rates  are  so  fixed  that  the 
amount  of  insurance  in  force  must  fall  below  one  million  dollars  to 
cause  an  insufficient  membership.  Should  such  continsencnr  occur, 
the  trustee  is  required,  from  the  principal  of  the  safety  fund,  to  pay 
all  outstanding  policies  in  full,  without  waiting  for  death  to  mature  the 
claims.  Had  the  condition  arisen  in  the  ear^  stages  of  the  venture, 
and  before  the  accumulations  were  sufficient  to  meet  all  liabilities  in 
full,  the  deed  provided  for  the  division  of  the  fund  pro  rata  among  the 
holders  of  policies  in  force." 

This  unique  plan  of  indemnity  virtually  applies  to  life  protection 
the  Safety  Fund  principle  of  security,  which  has  so  long  been  recog- 
nized in  banking  and  fire  insurance,  modified  only  as  required  by  cir- 
cumstances. From  its  inception  its  success  has  more  than  met  the 
most  sanguine  expectations  of  those  who  fostered  it.  It  is  not  confined 
to  any  one  particular  location  or  class  of  insurants,  but  it  is  wide- 
spread and  meets  with  popularity  among  rich  and  poor  alike.  The 
patronage  of  the  Safety  Fund  plan  in  the  home  state  has  been  well 
nigh  phenomenal.  For  several  years  ,the  Hartford  Life  has  enjoyed 
the  distinction  of  writing  more  insurance  in  Connecticut  upon  the 
Safety  Fund  plan  than  has  been  written  by  any  other  New  England 
company  upon  all  plans  combined.  The  company  now  has  upon  the 
books  of  its  Safety  Fund  Department  over  twelve  per  cent,  of  all  the 
life  insurance  carried  by  the  citizens  of  Connecticut.  When  it  is  re- 
membered that  of  its  thirty-eight  competitors  several  have  been  doing 
business  in  the  state  more  than  three  decades,  it  will  be  understood 
how  great  the  popularity  of  this  plan  has  been  to  attract  such  a  follow- 
ing against  this  competition. 

The  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity  has  a  paid-up  cash  capital  of  $250,- 
000,  and  had  on  the  first  of  January,  1893,  assets  amounting  to  $l,b85.- 
986.27  with  a  gross  surplus  on  policy-holders'  account  amounting  to 
$880,845.91.  ft  also  hr.s  on  deposit  ^ith  the  treasurer  of  the  State  of 
Connecticut,  $100,000.  Its  safety  fund,  which  has  been  previously  de- 
scribed, now  amounts  to  over  $950,000,  invested  by  the  trustee  only  as 
trust  funds  by  the  laws  of  Connecticut  are  permitted  to  be  invested. 
During  the  period  of  its  operation  of  the  safety  fund  plan,  the  company 
has  paid  to  the  families  of  deceased  policy-holders  a  sum  in  excess  of 
$7,880,000,  / 


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£[abtvobi>  Steam  Boilbr  Insurancb  Compakt.  Ill 

The  present  officers  of  the  company  have  lone  been  indentifled  with 
its  interests.  R.  B.  Parker  is  president,  E.  C.  Billiard,  vice-president, 
Stephen  Ball,  secretary,  Walter  A.  Cowles,  assistant  secretary,  Andrew 
T.  Smith,  superintendent  of  agencies,  and  W.  B.  Warner,  assistant 
superintendent  of  agencies.  As  medical  examiner-in-chief  Dr.  Irving 
W.  Lyon  has  been  connected  with  the  company  since  its  or^nization. 

The  board  of  directors  are  R.  B.  Parker,  E.  C.  Hilliard,  Hon. 
DwightLoomis,  Hon.  AlvinP.  Hyde,  J.  D.  Parker,  Stephen  Ball,  N.  M. 
Learned. 

The  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity  is  doing  business  only  in  the 
healthy  and  desirable  portions  of  the  United  States,  and  does  not  seek 
for  patronage  outside  of  this  country.  It  has  been  licensed  by  thirty- 
two  States,  in  which  it  has  well-organized  departments  under  local  dis- 
trict managers,  who  in  turn  are  under  the  direct  management  of  the 
home  office. 

Hartford  Steam  Boiler  inspection  and  insurance  company  was 
incorporated  June  30,  1866.  The  authorized  capital  was  $1,000,000. 
The  sum  of  $500,000  was  adopted  as  the  basis  upon  which  to  begin 
business,  $100,000  being  paid  in  in  cash  and  the  balance  being  endorsed 
promissory  notes.  The  business  authorized  hj  the  charter  was  **  the 
inspection  of  steam  boilers  and  insuring  against  loss  or  damage  to 
property,  arising  from  explosions,  or  other  accident  in  the  use  of 
steam  boilers,  and  from  fire  resulting  from  such  explosions."  July  27, 
1868,  the  charter  was  amended,  authorizing  the  company  to  insure 
against  loss  of  life  arising  from  explosions  or  other  accidents  in  the  use 
01  steam  boilers  and  also  against  fire  resulting  from  the  same  causes. 
Prior  to  1874,  two  stock  dividends  had  been  declared  by  the  directors 
and  endorsed  on  the  stock  notes,  the  first  one  in  1872  amounting  to 
$20,000,  and  the  second  in  1878  to  $80,000.  A  further  stock  dividend 
was  declared  of  $40,000,  and  $10,000  paid  in  in  cash,  making  the  capi- 
tal $200,000  and  the  stock  notes  were  retired.  June  26. 1874,  an  amend- 
ment was  approved,  authorizing  the  company  to  reduce  its  capital 
stock  to  any  amount  not  less  than  $200,000.  From  1874  until  1888  the 
capiul  remained  at  $200,000.  February  18,  1888,  an  amendment  was 
passed  by  the  legislature  empowering  the  company  to  increase  its 
capital  to  the  extent  authorizea  by  the  original  charter.  The  first  in- 
crease under  this  amendment  was  made  during  the  year  of  its  passage, 
a  stock  dividend  of  $50,000  being  declared.  In  1887  the  second  increase 
was  made,  $250,000  being  added  by  subscription,  making  the  total 
$500,000.  The  figures  have  not  since  been  changed.  The  object  of 
the  corporation  from  the  outset  was  not  simply  to  indemnify  the  owners 
of  boilers  for  loss  resulting  from  explosions,  but  also  the  prevention  of 
such  explosions,  as  far  as  practicable,  by  careful  periodical  inspections 
of  all  boilers  under  the  care  of  the  company  made  b^  competent  en- 
gineers, expert  in  this  special  line  of  business.  These  inspections  made 
?[uarteTly,  and  oftener  when  necessary,  involved  from  the  first  three- 
ourths  of  the  company's  outlay.  They  were  guaranteed  by  a  policy 
of  insurance,  covering  within  certain  limits  damage  to  boilers,  build- 
ing, and  machinery.  At  the  company's  main  office  is  a  thoroughly 
equipped  chemical  laboratory  for  the  analysis  of  waters  which  have 
proved  injurious  to  boilers  in  use,  the  idea  being  the  discovery  of 


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112 


Habttobd  Steam  Boilbb  iNaxniANGB  Cohpakt. 


remedies  that  will  oyercome  the  difficulties  encountered.  Statistics 
and  information  are  collected  from  all  sections  of  the  country,  relating 
to  boiler  explosions,  which  are  studied  exhaustively  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  company's  business,  no  line  of  inquiry  concerning  the  use 
of  steam  and  its  efFects  having  been  neglected  by  the  officers.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  interests  the  company  furnishes  plans  and  specifications 
at  reasonable  cost  for  boilers,  settings,  and  pipin^^ ;  also  for  steam 
chimneys,  and  when  desired  it  supervises  the  erection.  The  amount 
of  steam  boiler  risks  in  force,  December  81,  1892,  was  $198,415,052. 
Number«of  inspections  made  in  1892,  148,608.  The  following  is  s 
summary  of  the  work  of  inspection  since  the  organization  of  the  com- 
pany to  December  31, 1892:  Visits  of  inspection  made,  714,821 ;  whole 
number  of  boilers  inspected,  1,416,732;  complete  internal  inspection, 
542,08^;  boilers  testecl  by  hydrostatic  pressure,  94,384;  total  number 
of  defects  discovered,  1,083.416;  total  number  of  dangerous  defects, 
142,859;  total  number  of  boilers  condemned,  7,809.  The  actual  assets 
of  the  company  reach  a  total  of  $1,625,229;  net  surplus,  $106,098.  The 
appended  figures  will  indicate  the  growth  of  the  company  since  1880, 
the  table  including  the  annual  statement  for  that  year: 


Tear. 

AmoU. 

Premiums. 

ToUl 
Income. 

Lotus. 

Total  Bxpen- 
te»,inclu<liDe 
Losses     and 
Dividends. 

$904,069 

Risks 

In 
Force. 

1880 

$836,169 

$200,933 

$917,863 

$91,928 

$17,48S.967 

1881 

876,979 

239,747 

969,496 

13,194 

916,478 

90,106,782 

1882 

418.184 

971,699 

294.588 

36,958 

960,868 

93,464,719 

1888 

460.889 

301.819 

824,895 

91.817 

974,068 

96,871 ,8QS 

1881 

605,974 

81)1,607 

896,663 

15,801 

991,044 

96,878,821 

1883 

684.184 

854.861 

883.03(1 

10,646 

811,901 

88,415.396 

1888 

698,070 

485,868 

4ftS,.392 

40,070 

885,861 

46,119,104 

1«87 

1,096,616 

607.847 

647,792 

44,640 

437.619 

63,844,671» 

18HH 

1,975,114 

614,367 

679,14H 

40,Sll 

698,4v8 

91,t0t,148 

IfiSfl 

1,343,906 

668,661 

634,645 

41,909 

669,701 

191,900,690 

1890 

1.408.481 

674,698 

639.178 

65.913 

697,616 

149,698.954 

1891 

1,&58,435 

719.H76 

7*<1,9.S1 

69.044 

648,666 

178,618,908 

1893 

1,625,999 

716,297 

785,070 

106.793 

708,418 

198,415,058 

With  exception  of  the  tirst  six  months  in  the  company's  history, 
when  the  late  £.  C.  Roberts  was  the  president,  Mr.  J.  M.  Allen  has 
been  at  the  head  of  the  management.  The  original  secretary  of  the 
company  was  Harris  H.  Hayden.  In  1869  he  was  succeeded  by  Theo- 
dore H.  Babcock,  who  retained  the  position  until  February,  1878,  when 
he  assumed  the  management  of  the  New  York  department  of  the  com- 
pany's business,  and  was  himself  succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent 
of  tbe  office,  Joseph  B.  Pierce.  The  present  officers  are  Messrs.  J.  M. 
Allen,  president;  Wm.  B.  Franklin,  vice-president;  Francis  B.  Allen, 
second  vice-president;  J.  B.  Pierce,  secretary.  E.  J.  Murphy  is  con- 
sulting engineer.  The  board  of  directors  is  composed  of  Messrs.  J.  M. 
Allen,  Frank  W.  Cheney,  Charles  M.  Beach,  Daniel  Phillips,  Richard 
W.  H  Jarvis,  Thomas  O.  Enders,  Leverett  Brainard,  Wm.  B.  Frank- 
lin, Nelson  Hollister,  Henry  C.  Robinson,  Francis  B.  Cooley,  Edmund 
A.  Stedman,  Qeorge  Burnham,  Philadelphia,  Nathaniel  Shipman,  C. 
C.  Kimball,  and  Philip  Corbin.  General  Agents,  Theo.  H.  Babcock. 
New  York  city,  Corbin  &  Goodrich,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Lawford  ^ 


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Haybn,  Chableb  D.       *  113 

McKim,  Baltimore,  Md.,  C.  E.  Roberts,  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Providence, 
R.  I.,  H.  M.  Lemon,  Chicago,  111.,  C.  C.  Gardner,  St.  Louis,  Mo..  L. 
B.  Perkins,  Hartford,  Conn.,  W.  G.  Lineburgh  &  Son,  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  Burwell  &  Bricgs,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Mann  &  Wilson,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  Zollars  &  McGrew,  Denver.  Col.,  R.  F.  Manly,  Birmine- 
bam,  Ala.,  W.  S.  Hastie  &  Son,  Charleston,  S.  C,  Peter  F.  Pescud, 
New  Orleans.  La.  Chief  inspectors,  R.  K.  McMurray,  New  York  city, 
Wm.  J.  Farran,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  F.  S.  Allen,  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
Providence.  R.  I.,  William  Henford,  Chicago,  111.,  F.  S.  Allen,  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  J.  H.  Randall.  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  C.  A.  Burwell,  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  J.  B.  Warner,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  T.  E.  Shears,  Denver. 
Col.,  B.  F.  Johnson,  Birmingham,  Ala.,  Charleston,  S.  C,  and  New 
Orleans,  La.,  A.  B.  Ecoff,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Harvey,  Augustus  Ford,  actuary  of  the  Missouri  state  insurance 
department,  was  born  at  Wateftown,  N.  Y.,  January  19,  1880.  The 
life  of  Mr.  Harvey  is  a  fair  illustration  of  the  aptitude  of  the  Ameri- 
can to  turn  his  hand  to  many  kinds  of  work,  doing  most  of  them  well, 
and  in  this  he  is  approached  by  the  man  of  no  other  nation  in  the 
world.  Graduating  from  Erie  academy,  at  Erie,  Pa.,  in  1886,  Mr. 
Harvey  went  at  once  to  the  printer's  case  and  in  the  quarter  century 
following  he  was  in  succession  journeyman  compositor,  school  teacher, 
telempher,  civil  engineer,  editor,  United  States  land  surveyor,  rail- 
Toaa  surveyor,  fire  insurance  agent,  justice,  legislator,  and  actuary. 
He  sank  $22,000  in  1866  trying  to  establish  a  literary  paper  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  From  1857  to  1859  he  was  city  engineer,  and  1860  to 
1867  city  recorder  of  Nebraska  City,  and  1865  to  1867  a  member  of 
the  Nebraska  legislature.  During  these  years  he  was  a  fire  under- 
writer at  Nebraska  City,  and  surveyed  the  line  of  the  Midland  Pacific 
railroad.  He  was  actuary  of  the  Missouri  insurance  department  from 
1870  to  1874,  then  of  the  St.  Louis  Life,  returning  to  the  department 
In  1876,  where  he  has  since  officiated  as  actuary.  Mr.  Harvey  enjoys 
the  distinction  of  being  the  only  department  official  attending  the  con- 
ventions of  the  insurance  commissioners  who  was  a  member  of  the 
first  convention  in  1871.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of 
America. 

HaskelLOeori^e  P.,  manager  of  the  New  York  state  department 
of  the  New  York  Life  insurance  company,  was  born  at  Monroe,  Mich., 
in  1886,  passed  the  earlier  years  of  his  manhood  as  a  traveling  sales- 
man for  a  Chicago,  111.,  mercantile  house.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  he  enlisted  in  a  Colorado  regiment,  of  which  he  subsequently 
became  lieutenant-colonel.  In  1872  he  entered  the  service  of  the  New 
York  Life.  Col.  Haskell  was  president  of  the  Life  Insurance  Associ- 
ation of  New  York  in  1891-2. 

Javeiiy  Charles  D.,  resident  secretary  of  the  Liverpool  and  Lon- 
don and  Globe,  for  the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  but 
has  been  a  resident  of  California  since  1869.  He  was  first  employed  in 
Ban  Francisco  by  the  agents  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  company, 
and  in  May,  1865,  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Union  insurance  com- 
pany of  California.  In  August,  1881,  he  resigned  that  position  to  ac- 
cept the  one  he  now  fills. 

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114  •  HiPPLK.  J.  B. 

Heald,  Daniel  A.,  president  of  the  Home  inturanoe  company  of 
New  York,  was  born  at  Chester,  Vt.,  in  May,  1818.  His  boyhood  waa 
passed  on  a  farm.  He  prepared  for  Yafe  college,  from  which  be 
graduated  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  years.  He  read  law  in  New  Ha- 
ven, and  was  admitted  to  the  Vermont  bar  in  1843.  While  pursuing 
his  vocation  as  a  lawyer  he  was  offered  the  local  agency  of  the  JEtna, 
and  for  thirteen  years  practiced  both  professions  with  signal  sucoesa. 
He  was  invited  by  the  Home  to  New  York  in  1856,  and  served  the 
company  twelve  years  as  a  general  agent.  In  1808  he  was  elected 
second  vice-president,  in  1888  first  vice-president,  and  April  2,  1888. 
he  succeded  Mr.  Martin  as  president.  Mr.  Heald  stands  at  the  head 
of  American  fire  underwriters,  and  has  served  the  business  in  various 
official  capacities.  He  was  president  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire 
Underwriters  in  1876  and  1877.  and  president  of  the  National  Board 
of  Fire  Underwriters  from  1881  to  18£|p,  inclusive. 

*  Hegeman,  John  R«,  president  of  the  Metropolitan  Life  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  born  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  April  18, 
1844,  and  served  the  usual  mercantile  apprenticeship  from  1860  to 
1866,  the  latter  part  of  which  time,  in  a  New  York  bank.  He  joined 
the  Metropolitan  Life  as  an  accountant  in  December,  1866.  In  June, 
1870,  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  company,  and  in  October  of 
the  sameyear  was  elected  vice-president.  He  succeeded  the  late  Jo- 
seph F.  Knapp  as  president  in  October,  1891.  [See  Metropolitan  Life 
insurance  company.] 

Henderson,  J.  0.,  auditor  of  state  of  Indiana,  having  supervis- 
ion of  insurance,  was  bom  at  New  London,  Ind.,  September  1,  1847. 
He  was  graduated  at  De  Pauw  University,  and  chose  the  profession  of 
journalism.  He  is  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Eokomo  Detpatch. 
He  was  appointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  for  the  eleventh  col- 
lection district  of  Indiana  by  President  Cleveland  in  1885.  Mr.  Hen- 
derson was  elected  auditor  of  state  on  the  Democratic  state  ticket  in 
1890,  and  re-elected  in  1892. 

Hendrick,  Albert  €.,was  appointed  inspector  of  fire  departments, 
fire  patrol,  and  water  supply,  for  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Under- 
writers, in  January,  1892,  succeeding  John  W.  Smith,  who  resigned  on 
account  of  ill  health.  Mr.  Hendrick  was  chief  of  the  New  Haven 
fire  department  at  the  time  of  this  appointment.  He  had  been  chief 
fifteen  years  and  connected  with  the  department  nearly  forty  years. 

HiU,  WiUiam  €«,  state  treasurer  of  Idaho,  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  September  20,  1846.  Mr.  Hill 
has  followed  mercantile  pursuits  since  his  residence  in  Idaho,  and  was 
elected  state  treasurer  by  the  people  in  1892. 

Hippie,  J.  E.,  state  auditor  of  South  Dakota,  having  supervision 
of  insurance,  was  born  in  Perry  county.  Pa.,  January  20.  1865.  His 
home  is  Parkston,  8.  D.,  where  he  is  both  an  editor  and  farmer,  his 
paper  being  the  Parkston  Advance.  Mr.  Hippie  was  elected  auditor  in 
1892.  He  Is  the  youngest  of  the  state  officials  having  supervision  of 
insurance. 


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HOMB  BSHSFIT  AsaociATioif.  115 

■»  Holcombe,  John  M.,  secretary  and  actuary  of  the  Phcenix  Mu- 
tual Life  ihsurance  company  of  Hartford,  was  bom  in  that  city  in 
June.  1848,  and  was  prraduated  at  Yale  college  in  the  class  of  1869, 
receiving  afterwards  the  degree  of  M.A.  While  engaged  in  the  study 
of  law  he  embraced  an  opportunity  to  gratify  his  taste  for  mathe- 
matics by  entering  the  actuarial  department  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual 
Life.  He  was  appointed  actuary  of  the  Connecticut  state  insurance 
department  in  1871,  and  in  July,  1874,  went  into  the  service  of  the 
Pbcenix  Mutual  as  its  assistant  secretary.  He  was  appointed  secretary 
in  Jvne,  1875.  Mr.  Holcombe  has  been  much  interested  in  the  local 
politics  of  Hartf  ord»  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  president  of  both  of  its  branches. 

^»HolliiifC8liead,  Charles  S.,  president  of  the  Union  insurance  com- 
pany of  Philadelphia,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  January  10,  1850,  and 
received  his  early  training  in  insurance  while  a  boy  in  the  office  of  the 
Insurance  Company  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  of  which  corpora- 
tion his  father  was  secretarv  many  years.  In  1872,  when  but  twenty- 
two  years  old.  he  was  appointed  manager  of  the  fire  insurance  depart- 
ment of  the  Union,  and  1889  he  was  elected  president  of  the  company. 

Hollingsworth,  John  E.,  commissioner  of  insurance  for  Texas. 
In  March,  1892,  a  memorial  was  presented  in  the  Texas  legislature  by 
A.  R.  Roberts,  charging  official  misconduct  against  Commissioner 
HoUingsworth.  The  senate  appointed  a  special  committee  to  investi- 
gate the  charges,  which  subsequently  reported  fully  exonerating  him. 

Mr.  HoUingsworth  was  bom  at  Henderson,  Texas,  November  23, 
1848.  He  was  post-office  department  inspector  of  the  Texas  division 
during  President  Cleveland's  first  administration.  Upon  resigning 
that  office  he  accepted  the  chief  clerkship  in  the  Texas  insurance  de- 
partment, and  succeeded  Mr.  Foster  as  commissioner  in  1891. 

Homans,  Shepard,  president  of  the  Provident  Savings  Life 
assurance  society,  was  born  at  Baltimore.  Md. ,  in  1881.  He  entered 
Harvard  University  in  1849,  giving  special  attention  to  the  study  of 
mathematics  and  astronomy.  While  a  student  at  the  university 
observatory,  his  scientific  attainments  attracted  the  notice  of  the 
United  States  government,  which  called  him  to  the  coast  survey  ser- 
vice, and  subsequently  appointed  him  United  States  astronomer.  On 
the  death  of  Prof.  Gill  in  1855,  Mr.  Homans  was  appointed  actuary  of 
the  Mutual  Life  insurance  company.  While  holding  this  important 
position,  he  constructed  and  published  the  American  Experience 
table  and  devised  and  applied  to  the  distribution  of  the  surplus  of  the 
Mutual  Life  its  now  well  known  Contribution  Plan.  He  resigned 
from  the  Mutual  Life  in  1871,  and  in  1875  organized  the  Provident 
Savings  Life.  Mr.  Homans  was  one  of  the  founders,  and  the  first 
president  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of  America,  and  is  a  corresponding 
member  of  the  Institute  of  Actuaries  of  England,  and  has  been  a 
voluminous  writer  on  actuarial  and  scientific  subjects. 

Home  Benefit  Association  of  New  York,  an  assessment  company, 
at  a  special  meeting  called  December  Bl,  189!^,  decided  to  wind  up  its 


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116  Home  Inbusakcb  Comfant. 

affairs  and  adopt  a  proposition  made  by  the  Commercial  Alliance  Life 
insurance  company  to  re-insure  all  its  risks.  The  change  was  not 
effected  without  opposition,  but  the  final  yote  to  carry  out  the  plan 
was  almost  unanimous.  The  Home  Benefit  was  organized  in  1881, 
and  had  at  the  last  report  2,100  members.  There  had  been  a  good 
deal  of  dissension  among  the  members. 

Home  insurance  company  of  New  York  was  organized,  April  18, 

1858,  under  act  of  April  10,  1849.  the  original  capital  being  $500,000. 
The  charter  authorized  fire,  inland,  and  marine  insurance,  both  of 
which  were  prosecuted  by  the  company  until  1870.  when  inland  and 
marine  operations  were  discontinued.  April  18,  1864,  an  amendment 
was  adopted,  authorizing  ocean  marine  insurance.  That  branch  also 
was  discontinued  eighteen  months  after  its  inception.  In  1888,  marine 
and  inland  transactions  were  resumed  under  the  charter.  July  15, 1858, 
the  capital  was  increased  to  $600,000,  under  act  of  June  25, 1858.  Un- 
der the  same  act  the  amount  was  increased  to  $1,000,000,  February  19, 

1859.  The  capital  was  doubled  in  amount  December  81,  1868,  and  an 
additional  increase  of  half  a  million  was  ordered  July  18. 1870.  making 
the  total  $2.500.00a  The  last  increase  was  effected  January  23,  1875, 
the  amount  being  $500,000.  Since  that  date  the  capital  has  remained 
at  $8,000,000.  Of  the  total  increase  $1,000,000  was  realized  from 
stock  dividends.  The  original  directors  included  Richard  Bigelow, 
Lucius  Hopkins,  George  C.  Collins,  Danford  N.  Barney,  James  Hum- 
phrey, Isaac  H.  Frothingham.  Thomas  McNamee,  Ward  A.  Work, 
Oliver  E.  Wood,  A.  B.  Barnes,  Jasper  Corning,  Curtis  Noble,  and 
Thomas  P.  £1  bridge.  The  original  members  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee were  Messrs.  Bigelow,  McNamee,  and  Wood.  Simeon  L. . 
Loomis  was  the  first  president  of  the  company,  and  Charles  J.  Martin 
the  original  secretary.  Hoe  Lock  wood  was  temporarily  president  in 
1854,  and  was  succeeded  in  1855  by  Charles  J.  Martin,  who  retained 
the  ofiSce  until  February  14,  1888,  when  impaired  health  compelled 
his  retirement. 

President  Martin  died  May  9th,  succeeding  his  resignation.  Daniel 
A.  Heald  became  president  of  the  company  April  2.  1888,  and  is  now 
at  the  head  of  the  management.  He  entered  the  employment  of  the 
Home  in  1856  as  general  agent  in  Vermont.  For  ten  years,  1881  to 
1891,  he  was  president  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  tlnderwriters. 
The  secretaries  of  the  company  from  1855  to  1888  were  A.  F.  Will- 
marth,  J.  Milton  Smith,  John  McOee,  and  John  H.  Washburn,  the 
latter  occupying  the  office  for  twenty -one  years.  In  1888,  the  secre- 
taryship was  relinquished  by  Mr.  Wsshburn,  who  continues  in  the 
first  vice- presidency;  Elbridge  G.  Snow,  Jr.,  was  made  second  vice- 
president,  W.  L.  Bigelow  and  T.  B.  Greene  secretaries,  and  H.  J. 
Ferris  and  A.  M.  Burtis  assistant  secretaries.  There  has  been  no 
change  in  the  official  corps  since  that  time.  The  directors  of  the 
Home  are  Levi  P.  Morton,  Henry  A.  Hurlburt,  William  Sturgis,  John 
R.  Ford,  William  R.  Fosdick,  William  H.  Townsend.  Oliver  8. 
Carter,  Henry  M.  Taber,  Daniel  A.  Heald,  David  H.  McAlpin,  Andrew 
C.  Armstromg,  Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Edmund  F.  Holbrook,  John  H. 
Waahburn,  John  H.  Inman,  Walter  H.  Lewis,  Francis  H.  Leggett, 
Benjamin  Perkins,  Henry  E.  Beguelin,  George  W.  Smith,  George  C. 

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Home  Life  Insurance  Oomfakt.  117 

White,  Elbridge  G.  Snow,  Jr.,  George  H.  Hartford,  Henry  F.  Noyeg, 
Lucien  C.  Warner.  The  total  assets  of  the  company,  December  81, 
1892.  amounted  to  $9,828,754.  The  total  income  fihiring  the  year  was 
$5,882,888,  the  fire  premiums  aggregating  $4,717,858,  and  the  marine 
and  inland  $176,648.  The  total  expenditures  amounted  to  $5,455,567, 
the  fire  losses  being  $8,185,030;  marine  and  inland.  $128,248.  The 
risks  in  force  were  $814,849,998.  The  premiums  received  since  organ- 
ization aggregate  $96,099,865;  losses  paid,  $54,780,714;  cash  divi- 
dends, $8,815,000;  stock  dividends,  $1,000,000. 

Home  Life  insurance  company  of  New  York  was  incorporated 
February  1,  and  began  business  May  1,  1860,  being  the  first  life  insur- 
ance company  organized  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn.  The  capital  stock 
was  $125,000.  The  charter  authorized  insurance  on  the  lives  of  indi- 
viduals and  every  insurance  appertaining  thereto  or  connected  there- 
with, and  to  grant,  purchase,  and  dispose  of  annuities.  The  Home 
Life  was  the  first  in  this  country  to  issue  its  form  of  deferred  annuity 
bond  by  the  payment  of  equal  annual  premiums.  Its  first  president 
was  Walter  8.  Griffith.  He  was  succeeded  in  1878  by  George  C.  Rip- 
ley, who  had  conducted  the  affairs  of  the  companv  from  its  organiza- 
tion as  secretary,  and  who  filled  the  presidential  office  until  1890,  when 
advancing  years  impelled  him  to  retire  from  an  executive  position, 
thouffh  he  continues  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors.  Mr.  Charles 
A.  l^wnsend  was  president  two  years,  and  gave  way  in  1892  to  Mr. 
George  H.  Ripley,  son  of  the  former  president,  who  came  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  conopany  after  a  long  training  in  its  office.  The  pres- 
ent officers  of  the  Home  are  as  follows:  George  H.  Ripley,  president; 
QeoTste  E.  Ide,  vice-president;  Elias  W.  Gladwin,  secretaiy;  William 
A.  Marshall,  actuary;  F.  W.  Ohapin,  medical  director;  William  G. 
Low,  counsel.  The  directors  are  J.  S.  T.  Stranahan,  George  C.  Ripley, 
John  T.  Martin,  George  A.  Jarvis,  S.  E.  Howard,  Charles  A.  Town- 
send,  John  W.  Frothingham,  E.  Lewis,  Jr.,  William  G.  Low,  Thomas 
H.  Messenger,  J.  Warren  Greene,  Henry  E.  Pierrepont,  Lemuel  H. 
Arnold,  Jr.,  George  H.  Ripley,  Edwin  Beers,  Thomas  T.  Barr,  George 
E.  Ide,  and  Charles  W.  Ide.  The  head  office  is  in  New  York  city. 
William  A.  Newell  is  the  manager  of  the  western  department,  his  office 
being  located  at  Chicago.  For  a  description  of  the  policies  issued 
by  the  Home,  see  the  article  in  this  volume  on  "policy  forms.*'  An 
engraving  of  the  magnificent  new  building  of  the  Home,  which  is  in 
course  of  erection  on  Broadway,  New  York,  will  be  found  among  the 
advertisements  at  the  end  of  the  volume.  The  assets  of  the  company 
at  the  beginning  of  the  year  were  $8,046,881.  The  premium  income 
in  1892  was  $1,814,782;  losses  paid,  $710,548.  The  following  is  a 
tabular  history  of  the  company  since  its  organization;  the  yearly  re- 
ports being  from  1875.  It  shows  how  the  company  was  carried  through 
the  depression  of  1877  to  1885,  to  advance  thenceforth  to  a  greater 
prosperity  than  it  achieved  in  the  "  flush  times  "  of  life  insurance  fol- 
lowing the  great  civil  war. 


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118 


Idaho,  Insurahcb  Supbbyisioii  ik. 


Tetn. 

Total  income. 

Total  pavmenU 
to  pollcy-holdew. 

AMeta. 

at  end  of  year. 

1860 

$99,645 

$3,866 

$157,878 

$1,066,660 

1865 

493.090 

109,186 

890,029 

13,0m.660 

1870 

1,011.842 

495,186 

f2,e70,005 

88,992.4t9 

1875 

1          1,019,907 

511,583 

4.475,117 

80,522.578 

1876 

908.764 

531.928 

4,780,188 

19,902,744 

1877 

'             889,163 

648,406 

4.778,164 

16.80a407 

1878 

786.868 

596.151 

4,803,770 

15,308.663 

187ft 

748,917 

561,988 

4,829,057 

14,808,463 

1880 

674.781 

507.140 

4,021,187 

14,848.«e7 

1881 

714.683 

446,657 

5,087,382 

14,905,079 

188i 

786,074 

435,796 

5,185,685 

16,606,414 

1883 

806,981 

470.215 

5,405.548 

16,874,646 

1884 

820.807 

517,821 

5,457,687 

16,967,5«> 

1886 

836,257 

512,ffi» 

5,646,478 

17,819,416 

1886 

1,066.787 

603,653 

5,865,842 

19,450.061 

1887 

1,063.648 

559,368 

6.110,009 

81,766,596 

1888 

1,099,186 

613,159 

6,855,799 

22,748,209 

1889 

1,224,916 

6-^8,897 

6.694,305 

86.879,171 

1890 

1,848.140 

657,810 

7,8(18,949 

29,087.638 

1891 

1,629.446 

799.619 

7,593.980 

82.161,776 

\»Qri 

1,769.881 

990,839 

8,046.881 

88,008,W8 

Home  Mutual  insurance  company  of  San  Francisco,  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Fireman's  Fund  insurance  company,  in  Februaiy,  1892. 
New  officers  were  appointed.  Secretary  Charles  R.  Storey  displaced 
J.  E.  Houghton  as  president.  W.  J.  Dutton,  president  of  the  Fire- 
man's Fund  succeeded  J.  L.  N.  Shepard,  as  vice-president,  and 
Stephen  D.  Ives  became  secretary.  General  Agent  R.  H.  Magill 
was  continued.  The  price  paid  for  the  stock  of  the  Home  Mutual 
was  said  to  have  been  $200  per  share,  involving  an  outlay  of 
1600,000.     The  company  continues  in  business. 

Horton,  Rt  L.,  state  controller  of  Nevada  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  at  Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  October  12,  1832.  Prior  to 
his  election  in  1890  to  his  present  office,  Mr.  Horton  was  a  merchant  at 
Austin,  Nev. 

Humboldt  Fire  insurance  company  of  Allegheny.  Pa.,  in  January, 
1892,  elected  John  Selling,  president,  succeeding  John  A.  Vemer, 
deceased. 

Hyde,  Henry  B.,  president  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
Societvof  United  States,  was  born  at  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  in  1834.  He 
was  the  son  of  Henry  H.  Hyde,  the  Boston  representative  of  the 
Mutual  Life,  and  received  his  insurance  education  in  the  New  York 
office  of  that  company.  He  founded  the  Equitable  in  July,  1859,  and 
was  its  vice-president  and  manager  from  the  beginning.  On  the  death 
of  President  Alexander  in  1874,  Mr.  Hyde  was  chosen  to  succeed  him. 


Idaho,  Insurance  Snpervision  in :  Under  the  act  of  1891,  the 
state  treasurer  is  charged  with  the  supervision  of  insurance  in  Idaho, 
the  term  of  office  being  two  years.  Frank  R.  Coffin  was  the  first  treas- 
urer, his  term  expiring  January,  1893.  His  successor,  the  present  in- 
cumbent, is  William  G.  Hill,  whose  term  will  expire  January,  1896  [see 


Illinois  Statb  Boabd  of  Fire  Undbrwbitbrs.  119 

Hill,  William  C.].  H.  N.  Coffin  is  the  deputy  treasurer  and  attends  to 
the  insurance  bureau. 

Illinois  Insurance  Report  for  1893 :  The  twenty-fourth  annual 
report  of  the  auditor  of  public  accounts  said  that  the  following  insur- 
ance companies  had  been  admitted  to  do  business  in  the  state  since  the 
last  annual  report :  fire  and  marine  insurance  companies,  Alamo, 
American  Mutual  of  Rhode  Island,  Atlanta  Home,  Atlas  of  London, 
Capital  Fire  of  New  Hampshire.  Commerce  of  Albany,  Enterprise 
Mutual  of  Rhode  Island,  General  Marine  of  Saxony,  Keystone  Mutual, 
Mutual  Fire  of  New  York.  Prussian  National,  and  Queen  of  New 
York ;  miscellaneous  insurance  company,  Missouri,  Kansas,  and  Texas 
Trust  company.  During  the  same  period  81  fire  and  marine  and  one 
life  company  of  other  states  and  countries  and  one  Illinois  joint  stock 
fire  and  six  Illinois  mutual  companies,  ceased  to  do  business  in  the  state. 

Charters  for  two  Illinois  fire  insurance  companies  were  filed :  the 
Pulaski  Mutual  of  Chicago  and  the  Chicago  insurance  company  with 
a  capital  stock  of  $100,000. 

The  auditor,  Mr.  Pavey,  discussed  the  enormous  fire  waste  of  the 
country  and  recommended  the  enactment  of  a  law  making  official  in- 
Testigations  of  fires  compulsory. 

Illinois,  Insurance  SnperYision  in,  1869-1803.  The  general  in- 
surance act  of  January  11,  1860.  charged  the  auditor  of  public  accounts 
with  the  supervision  of  insurance.  The  officials  who  administered  the 
office  from  that  date  until  1898  were  as  follows: 

Charles  E.  LIppincott,  1869-1877  I  Charles  W.  Pavey,  1H89-1808 

Thomas  B.  Needles,  1877-1881  I  David  Gore,  1808- 

Charles  P.  Swlgert,  1881-1889 

The  legislature  of  1898  passed  an  act  establishing  a  distinct  depart 
ment  of  insurance,  with  a  superintendent  at  an  annual  salary  of  $8,500 
and  deputy  superintendent  at  $8,000.  The  act  took  effect  July  1, 
1893,  when  the  supervision  of  the  insurance  business  in  Illinois  passed 
from  the  auditor  of  public  accounts  to  the  new  insurance  department. 
Bradford  E.  Durfee  of  Decatur  was  appointed  superintendent  by  the 
governor  and  assumed  the  duties  of  the  office,  July  13,  1898. 

Illinois  Life  insurance  company  of  Chicago  was  organized  in 
January,  1892,  with  the  following  incorporators,  all  of  Chicago: 

Gen.  Walter  C.  Newberry,  Morton  B.  IIull,  vice-president  National  Bank  of  Amer- 
ica ;  John  B.  Mailers,  president  National  Bank  of  the  Republic  ;  W.  A.  Thrall,  jfeneral 
paiiMnfrer  agent  Chicago  &  North  WeBtem  railway  :  William  D.  Prceton,  cashier  Mot- 
ropolitan  National  Bank  ;  Jamen  Ij.  High,  attomcv  and  director  Globe  National  Bank  ; 
Charles  E.  Fargo  of  Charlcf*  H.  Fargo  &  Co.,  wholewile  bootn  and  nhocH  :  Attorney  D. 


.1.  Schayler  ;  Cbanncey  Kelney.  auditor  Chicago  A  Alton  railroad  :  A.  O.  Hall  of  Han- 
ford'Uall  Oil  company  :  F.  N.  Pitman,  late  general  agent  Imperial  Fire  insurance  com- 
pany ;  James  B.  Galloway  of  GuUoway,  Lyman  &  Patton,  real  estate  broker. 


Illinois  State  Board  of  Fire  UndemriterB  held  its  tenth 
annual  meeting  at  Kankakee,  beginning  August  9.  1892.  The  execu- 
tive committee  reported  a  membership  of  seventy-three,  that  275  local 
boards  were  organized  in  the  state,  and  forty  one  towns  re-rated.  A 
resolution  was  adopted  to  the  effect  that  it  was  unnecessary  and  in- 
expedient to  suspend  any  further  rates  on  protected  or  sprinkled  risks. 
The  committee  on  the  eighty  per  cent,  co-insurance  clause  expressed 
the  belief  that  its  enforcement  in  all  sections,  at  this  time,  would  be  in- 
expedient   The  report  of  the  committee  was  adopted.    After  a  long  , 


ido 


Imperial  Iivsuranob  Compaht. 


debate  on  arc  electric  lights  an  additional  charge  of  ten  cents  was 
decided  upon,  unlefts  lighta  were  properly  protected  on  top  and  bottom 
bv  screens.  The  officers  elected  were:  President,  H.  B.  Washington; 
Yice-president,  C.  L.  French;  secretary  and  treasurer,  E.  O.  Carlisle; 
executive  committee,  J.  W.  Robertson,  G  M  Love  joy,  J.  H.  Lenehan. 
W.  E.  Witherbee,  B.  T.  Wise,  and  R.  8.  Odell.  The  office  of  the 
secretary  is  at  248  Rialto  Building.  Chicago. 

The  Illinois  State  Board  was  organized  in  1882  at  Springfield,  by 
the  field  men  of  stock  fire  insurance  companies,  the  original  call  having 
been  issued  by  Dr.  B.  T.  Wise.  The  presidents  have  been  J.  M.  Hos- 
ford.  Dr.  B.  T.  Wise,  O.  E.  Culbertson,  T.  H.  Smith.  J.  V.  Thomas, 
J.  W.  Roberteon,  C.  L.  Whittemore.  J.  II.  Lenehan,  George  C.  Gill, 
and  H.  B.  Washington.  The  board  is  a  supervising  and  rating  body, 
and  issues  a  minimum  tariff  for  the  "  use  of  special  and  local  agents 
in  organizing  local  boards  and  revising  and  ratine  new  risks."  For 
convenience  of  administration  the  state  is  divided  into  ten  districts. 
The  following  companies  are  represented  in  the  board: 


^Anh,  Conn., 
American,  Mar«., 
American,  Pa., 
American.  New  York, 
American  Central, 
Buriln^on,  la., 
Caledonian, 
Citizens,  New  York, 
Commercial  Union, 
Connecticut, 
Continental, 
Concordia, 
Delaware, 
Detroit  F.  A  M., 
E<ialuble,  R.  I., 
FIn'man's  Fund, 
Franklin,  Pa., 
Gorman  American, 
German  Freeport, 
Glenn  Falls, 


Granite  State, 
Guanlian,  Kng., 
Ilaniburji-Bremcn, 
Hanover,  N.  Y., 
Hartfoitl, 

Ins.  Co.  North  America, 
Lancanhire, 

Liv.  &  London  &  (ilolx', 
liOndon  Assurance, 
London  &  Lancanhin', 
Manchentcr, 
Merchant**,  N.  J., 
Merchant?,  R.  I., 
Mercantile,  Ma*»s., 
Milwankee,  Mich., 
National,  Conn., 
Newark  Fire, 
Niagara  Fire, 
Northern,  London, 
North  Brltisih  &  M., 


Norwich  Union, 

Orient, 

Pennevlvania, 

Phenix,  N.  Y., 

Phoenix,  Enc., 

Prov.-Waahiiitrton, 

Palatine, 

Queen, 

Kockford, 

Royal, 

St.  Paul  F.  A  M., 

Security,  Conn., 

Sprindleld  F.  &  M., 

Sun,  London, 

Syndicate, 

TraderB.  111., 

Transatlantic, 

Western,  Can. 


Impaired  Lives,  Insurance  of.    [See  "McCurdy."] 

Imperial  insuraDce  company,  limited,  of  London,  England,  was 
organized  and  began  business  in  1803.  The  subscribed  C4ipital  is 
£1,200,000;  the  amount  paid-up  in  cash  being  £300,000.  The  fire  fund 
exclusive  of  paid  up  capital,  January  1,  1892,  was  £1,830,172.  E. 
Oozens-Bmith  is  the  general  manager  of  the  company.  The  Imperial 
began  fire  insurance  business  in  the  United  States  in  1868,  under  the 
management  of  Edgar  W.  Crowell.  He  was  succeeded  as  resident 
manager  by  Richard  D.  Alliger  in  1876.  Ten  years  later  there  was  a 
reorganization  of  the  American  branch  of  the  company,  Mr.  John  C. 
Paige,  on  January  1,  1886,  becoming  resident  manager  and  general 
attorney  for  the  Lnited  States  and  also  manager  of  the  eastern  depart- 
ment. These  positions  he  still  retains,  while  Courtney  &  McCay  are 
managers  for  the  New  York  metropolitan  district.  Daniel  C.  Osman, 
Chicago,  is  manager  for  the  western  department,  and  William  Bexton, 
San  Francisco,  for  the  Pacific  coast  department.  In  1892,  the  Im- 
perial wrote  fire  risks  of  $171,176,588  in  the  United  States.  It  received 
in  net  premiums  $1,241,009,  and  its  net  disbursements  for  losses  were 


,_..,  Google 


LfnoiANA,  Insubancb  Sufbbyision  in.  121 

$788,496.  It  had  receiyed  in  premiums  up  to  the  close  of  1892,  since 
it  had  done  business  in  this  country,  $19,884,258,  and  paid  losses  of 
$18,072,143.  Its  United  States  assets  were  $1,854,882,  and  its  liabilities 
$1,184,457. 

Imperial  Life  insurance  company  of  Detroit  changed  officers 
several  times  in  1892,  ceased  taking  new  business,  and  finally  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1898,  disposed  of  its  remainmg  business  to  the  National  Life 
association  of  Hartford.  The  Imperial  Life  began  business  in  1886, 
with  a  capital  of  $100,000,  issuing  only  renewable  term  policies. 

Indiana  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  is  composed  of  com- 
panies belonging  to  the  western  Union  and  acts  in  concert  with  Com- 
mission No.  1  of  the  Union.  The  present  officers  are  Frank  Ritchie  of 
the  New  York  Underwriters  Agency,  president;  John  B.  Croiper  of 
the  Home,  vice-president;  W.  P.  Benton  of  the  Sun  of  London,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer;  W.  H.  Fulton  of  the  Fireman's  Fund,  W.  J.  Wood 
of  the  Insurance  Company  of  North  America,  and  J.  H.  Hellicks  of 
the  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine,  executive  committee.  The  non-union 
companies  doing  business  in  the  state  are  members  of  an  independent 
organization  known  as  the  Indiana  League  of  Fire  Underwriters  (see 
Indiana  Insurance  League,  following).  The  two  bodies  act  in  har- 
mony, however,  in  all  matters  except  agents'  commissions,  and  their 
inspectors  travel  together  over  the  state  re-rating  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  class  towns  upon  an  agreed  schedule.  The  inspector  of  the  asso- 
ciation is  Captain  Ashbrook,  formerly  special  agent  for  the  American 
Central  of  St.  Louis.  The  association  in  June,  1892,  appointed  a 
factory  improvement  committee,  modeled  upon  that  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Insurance  Exchange. 

Indiana  Association  of  Life  Underwriters  was  organized  at 
Indianapolis,  June  8,  1891,  and  the  following  officers  were  elected: 
Edwin  S.  Folsom  of  the  Phoenix  Mutual,  president ;  D.  F.  Swain  of 
the  Northwestern  Mutual,  vice-president;  E.  M.  Goodwin  of  the 
Travelers,  secretary ;  D.  W.  Edwards  of  the  Provident  Life  and  Trust, 
treasurer.  At  the  first  annual  meeting,  held  Februa^  9, 1892,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected :  President,  C.  S.  Warberton  of  the 
Massachusetts  Mutual;  vice  president,  D.  W.  Edwards  of  the  Provident 
Life  and  Trust;  secretary,  E.  A.  P.  Haynes,  of  the  -^tna  Life.  The 
present  officers  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  May  16,  1898,  are:  Presi- 
dent, D.  B.  Shideler;  vice-president,  F.  B.  Davenport;  secretary,  C. 
£.  Newlin;  treasurer,  E.  Q.  Barcus. 

Indiana  Association  of  Local  Fire  Insurance  Agents :  At  the 
annual  meeting  in  October,  1891,  B.  A.  Richardson  of  Indianapolis 
was  elected  president;  B.  F.  Havens  of  Terre  Haute,  vice-president; 
John  F.  Spann,  Indianapolis,  recording  secretary;  Horace  M.  Hadley 
of  Indianapolis,  corresponding  secretary;  and  James  E.  Graham  of 
Port  Wayne,  treasurer. 

Indiana,  lusarance  Supervision  in,  1852-93:  Insurance  super- 
vision in  Indiana  is  under  the  direction  of  the  auditor  of  state,  who 
is  elected  bv  the  people  for  a  term  of  two  years.  These  officers,  since 
th9  establishment  of  the  department,  have  been; 


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122 


Insttrancb  Club  of  the  Citt  op  New  York. 


ErMtos  W.  H.  Ellis, 

1850-1868 

John  C.  Shoemaker, 

18fn-l«7« 

John  P.  Dann, 

185.V18fi5 

James  A.  WUdman, 

187»-18r5 

Hiram  E.  Talbot, 

18B6-1867 

1875-1879 

John  W.  Dodd, 

1867-1861 

Mahlon  D.  Man»on, 

18n»-lS81 

Albert  Lange, 

1861-1«63 

Edward  H.  Wolfe, 

18»l-18l« 

Joseph  Ri^tine, 

186.S-1865 

James  H.  Rice, 

]88a-1867 

Thoraaa  P.  McCarthy, 

1865-1809 

Bruce  Carr, 

1887-1891 

John  D.  Evans, 

1889-1871 

John  0.  Henderson, 

1891- 

Mr.  Henderson,  the  present  incumbent  of  the  office,  was  re-elected 
in  1892  for  the  term  beginning  January,  1B93.  Q.  W.  Duke  is  the 
chief  clerk  of  the  department. 

Indiana  League  of  Fire  Underwriters  is  composed  of  repre- 
sentatives of  companies  doing  business  in  Indiana,  which  do  not 
belong  to  the  Union.  This  organization  and  the  Indiana  association, 
which*  represents  the  Union  companies  are  working  in  harmony  (see 
Indiana  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters).  The  following  oompanies 
are  members  of  the  league: 

A^icultaral,  Allemannia,  British  America,  Citisens  of  Indiana,  Conoordla.  Srmns- 
vllle  of  Indiana,  ParraerB  of  York,  Pn.,  Franklin  of  Indiana,  Fort  Wayne  of  Indiana, 
Firemen's  of  Baltimore,  Germania  Fire  of  Now  York,  German  of  Frecport,  German 
Fire  of  Peoria,  Indianapolis  German  Mutual,  Indiana  Underwriters,  Indiana  insarance 
company,  Milwaukee  Mt*chanic8,  Northwestern  National,  New  Hampshire  Fire,  Peoples 
of  New  HampBhire,  Pacific  Fire  of  New  York,  Rochester  German,  Rockford,  Vernon 
of  Indiana,  Western  of  Toronto,  and  Westchester  Fire.  The  following  companies, 
thouffh  not  members  of  the  league,  co-operate  with  it:  Buffalo-German,  Delawaie, 
Reading  Fire,  Spring  Garden,  Teutonia  of  Ohio,  and  Williams  burgh  City. 

The  inspector  for  the  League  is  Captain  J.  R.  Preston. 

Industrial  Life  Insurance  in  1892 :  The  following  tabular  state- 
ment exhibits  the  industrial  life  insurance  business  transacted  in  the 
United  States  in  1892: 


COMPANIES. 


Premiums 
Received. 


John  Hancock,  Mass 

Life  Ins.  Co.  of  Virgiuia, . . . . 

Metropolltsn,  N.  Y  , 

Mutual,  Md., 

Peoples  Industrial,  Conn.,. . . 

Provident  Life,  W.  Va. 

Prudential,  N.J 

Sun  Life,  Kentucky 

United  States  Industrial,  N.  J., 
Western  &  Southern,  O., 


$3,914,498 

475,6a0 

12,514,078 

62,691 

274,340 

17,9'<1 

7,62S,84I 

114,995 

806,189 

140,664 


Losses 
Paid. 


$1,005,607 

120,496 

4,898,382 

25.493; 

89.551 

8,4491 

2,618,667 

28,518 

119,1011 

89,589 


Total 124,346,700  $8,844,628  $277,660,996 

Germania  Life,  N.  Y.,» 


Policies 

Policies  in 

Amount 

in  Force 

Force  Dec. 

Written. 

Dec.  81. 

81. 

' 

Number. 
656,435 

Amount. 

$29.326,6R0' 

166,428,121 

7,063,420 

72,718 

0.882,327 

127,222,476 

2,716,414 

805,461,576 

440.989 

2,856 

391,866 

4,310,981, 

64,830 

6.149,366 

569,110 

6,221 

552,451 

92,677,624 

1,668,466 

184,806,206 

4,198,0661 

80,611 

8,078,228 

9,804,909 

74,955 

8,386.626 

2,522.842| 

80,472 

9,707,366 

1277,660,996 

6496,472i  $686,278,957 

1 

6,926 

816,707 

*  Only  policies  and  amount  in  force  December  81,  of  industrial  business  reported. 

Insolvent  Fire  Insurance  Companies.  [See  Reinsured  and 
Failed    Fire    Insurance    Companies.] 

Insurance  Club  of  the  City  of  New  Yoilt  was  organized  March 
30,  1891,  with  James  A.  Silvey  as  president,  W.  J.  6wan,  vice-presi- 
dent, W.  H.  Crolius,  secretary,  and  West  Pollock,  treasurer.  A  club 
house  was  fitted  up  at  No.  52  Cedar  street,  August  1. 1891,  the  entrance 


Insubancb  Dbpartmbntb,  Chief  Officers  of.  123 

fee  for  resident  members  was  made  $80,  non-resident  $10;  annual  dues 
for  resident  members,  $25,  non-resident  $12.  The  membership  Jan- 
uary 1,  1893,  was  600.  The  club  will  remove  to  capacious  apartments 
in  the  extension  of  the  Mutual  Life  building,  when  it  is  completed. 
The  officers  elected  at  the  last  annual  meeting  were:  James  A.  Silvey, 
president;  Wallace  F.  Peck,  vice  president;  W.  H.  Crolius,  secretary; 
West  Pollock,  treasurer.  Governors,  James  A.  Silvey,  Herbert  L. 
Keyes,  Edmund  Dwlght,  Jr.,  Warren  Sage,  A.  M.  Thorburn,  W.  H. 
Crolius.  George  M.  Coit,  Wallace  P.  Peck,  B.  G.  Ackerman,  E.  R. 
Kennedy.  West  Pollock,  Charles  C.  Little,  Charles  W.  Clinton,  Ran- 
dolph Hurry,  and  D.  G.  8  wain  son. 

Insurance  Company  of  North  America  of  Philadelphia,  founded 
1792,  celebrated  its  one  hundredth  anniversary,  December  10,  1892,  by 
a  reception  at  the  home  office. 

Insurance  Department  Officials,  Annual  Convention  of.  [See 
National  Insurance  Convention.] 

Insurance  Departments,  Chief  Officers  of.  The  following  is  a 
list  of  the  state  and  territorial  officials  having  supervision  of  insurance 
at  the  time  this  volume  was  put  to  press: 


States  and  Terri- 
tories. 


Names. 


Offlctal  Title,.      I      ""^S^J^f- 


Alabama, .John  Purlfoy, |8tate  Auditor Montgomery. 

Arizona William  Christy Treasurer, Phoenix. 

Arkansas, 'Charles  B.  Mills,. . . .  | Auditor  of  SUte Little  Kock. 

California, J.  N.  B.  Wilson,* ;  1  nsurance    Commis- 

I  sioner San  Francisco. 

Colomdo, F.  M.  Goodykoonts, .  Superintendent  of  In- 
surance,  Denver. 

Connecticut, Burton  Mansfield, . . .  Insurance     Commis- 

I    sioner, Hartford. 

Delaware Peter  K.  Meredith, . .  I  Insurance    Commis- 

I  I    sioner, Filton. 

Dist.  of  Columbia, Matthew  Trimble,. . .  Assessor, Wa$>hington. 

Florida, C  B.  Collins, State  Treasurer TallHhsssce. 

Georgia, William  A.  Wright, .  Comptroller-Oeneral,  Atlanta. 

Idaho William  O.  Hill State  Treasurer Bolee  City. 


Illinois Bradford  K.  Durft«,. 


Insurance     Superin- 
tendent,   SprinKfleld. 


Auditor  of  State,. . . .  Indianapolis, 
ilnca 


Auditor  of  State, Dcs  Moines. 


Indiana, J.  O.  Henderson, 

Iowa. C.  G.  McCarthy, 

Kansas, S.  K.  Snider, Superintendent  of  In 

i  I    surance Topeka. 

Kentucky, Henry  T.  Duncan, . . .  Insurance     Commis- 
sioner  Frankfort. 

Lonlaiana, W.  B.  Spencer, 


Maine, '. . .  Joseph  O.  Smith, . 


.  Assistant    Secretary 

of  State, New  Orleans. 

.  Insurance     Commis- 

I    sioner, Augnina. 

Maryland, I.  Freeman  Raisin, . .  Insurance    Commi«- 

I    sioner, Annapolis. 

Massachusetts, George  S.  Merrill,.. . . 'Insurance     Commls- 

[  '    sioner, Boston. 

Michigan, Theron  F.  Glddings,  .Commissioner  of  In- 
surance,  Lansinc. 

Minnesota, Charles  U.  Smith,... . 'Insurance    Commls- 

I  i    sioner, St.  Paul. 


•  If.  p.  Higglns  has  been  appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  Wilson  in  April,  18M. 


ioogle 


124  Insurance  Joubnalibm. 


SUtetandTerri-  ^^^^  .      nm^.i  thu.  OilldalReri- 


tories. 


Names.  I      OfflcUl  Tltl«B.  denccilr 


HlMiBsippi, W.  W.  Stone, Aoditor    of     Public 

I    Acconnte, Jackaon. 

HiSfloori, Jamee  R.  Waddill, . . .  SuperiDtendent  of  the 

InearaDce    Depart- 
ment,  St  Louis. 

Montana, ,  Andrew  B.  Cook State  Auditor Helena. 

Nebraska, Euf^ene  Moore Auditor    of     Public 

Accounts, Lincoln. 

Nevada, R.  L.  Horton 8Ute  Controller Careon  City. 

New  Uampvliire, John  C.  Linehan, Insurance     Commia-; 

Bioiier, Concord. 

New  Jersey George  S.  Duryea,. . .  Commissioner        of 

Banking  and  Insnr- 

,  I    ance, Trenton. 

New  Mexico 'Demetrio  Perez, 'Auditor  of  the  Terrl- 

I    tory Santa  Fe. 

°'iperintendent       of 
the  Insurance  De- 

I    partment, Alliany. 

North  Carolina, Octavius  Coke, Secretary  of  State,. .  Raleigh. 

North  Dakota, James  Cudhie Commissioner  of  In-, 

surance, Bismarck. 

Ohio, William  M.  Ilahn, . . .  Superint<:ndent  of  In- 

I  I    surance Colnmbus. 

Oklahoma, Robert  Martin, Commii?8ionor  of  In- 

I  surance, Gnthrie. 

Oregon, jGeo.  VV.  McBride, . . .  Secretary  of  State,. . .  Salem. 

Pennsylvania, George  B.  Luper, Insurance     Comniia- 

'  i    sioner, Hairisbnrg. 

Rhode  Island, Albert  C.  Landers,. . .  Insurance    Commis- 

,    sioner, Providence. 

South  Carolina,.. W.  H.  Ellcrbe, ComptrollerOeneral,  Columbia. 

South  Dakota, J.  E.  Hippie .State  Auditor Pierre. 

Tennessee, i  £d.  B.  Craig, |  Insurance     Commis- 
sioner  Nashville. 

Texas, i  J.  E.  Boilings  worth,  Conimi«Hioner  of  In- 
surance, Statistics. 

;  I    and  Hii«tory Austin. 

Utah, Charles  C.  Richards,.  Secretary  of  the  Ter- 
ritory,  Salt  Lake  City. 

v^ormo.it  ('.  W.  Browiiell,  Jr.  (  Insurance     Commis-  1  m«„,,^i:-- 

^®""°"* HrnryF.  Field |      eioners, )  Mont  pel  ler. 

Virginia, Morton  Marye, .\uditor    of     Public 

I    Accounts, Richmond. 

Washington, James  H.  Price, Intiurance     Commis- 

I    sioner, Olympia. 

West  Virginia, I.  V.  Johnson, Auditor, Charleston. 

Wisconsin, Wilbur  M.  Root, , Commissioner  of  In- 
surance,   Madison. 

Wyoming C.  W.  Burdick State  Auditor, Cheyenne. 


Insnrance  Journalism.  The  foUowiDg  is  a  list  of  insurance  pe- 
riodicals which  have  been  published  in  the  United  States,  with  tbe 
date  of  first  publication,  original  and  present  location;  and  original 
and  present  publishers.  Papers  which  are  exclusively  organs  of  com- 
panies and  published  by  them  are  not  included.  The  Cyclopedia  is 
indebted  to  the  Blue  Book,  published  by  Mr.  C.  C.  Hine  in  1876,  for 
fp^cb  of  the  data  respecting  the  earlier  insurance  periodicals : 


Digitized  by 


Google 


iNSmui^CB  JoURNALISli.  125 

Periodicals  prefixed  by  a  *  are  no  longer  pnblished. 

I80O— *Iaeiirance  Advocate  and  Joamal,  Cblcopee,  Maps.,  Alfred  S.  Qillett.  The  first 
pnblication  itwued  in  tlie  Interests  of  inearance  in  this  country;  a  few  numbers 
were  printed. 

183S~*Tnckett's  Monthly  Inenrance  Joarnal  and  Friendly  Societies*  Monitor,  Phila- 
delphia, Harvey  G.  Tackett,  monthly. 

1868~Iaaarance  Monitor  and  Wall  Street  Review,  New  York.  Thomas  Jones,  Jr., 
weekly,  afterwards  changed  to  monthly,  now  pablished  by  C.  C.  Hine. 

1S54— 'United  States  Insurance  Gaaeite,  New  York,Gilbert  B.  Cnrrie,  weekly,  changed 
to  monthly. 

1857— *Insarance  Intelligencer,  Phihidelphla,  Orrla  Rogers,  monthly,  afterwards 
chansred  to  fortnightly. 

1S57— •Philadelphia  Underwriter,  Philadelphia,  W.  R.  Wade,  monthly. 

1867— •Western  Underwriter,  Cincinnati,  O.,  J.  R.  Payson  A  Co.,  monthly. 

lijSd— Wall  Street  Underwriter  and  General  Joint  Stock  ReglBter,  New  York,  J.  B. 
Bcclesine,  first  weekly,  afterwards  monthly,  now  The  Weekly  Underwriter. 

1869— •Legal  and  Insurance  Reporter,  Philadelphia,  James  Fulton,  fortnightly,  after- 
wards weekly. 

I8S9— •Money  Reporter  and  Insurance  Journal,  Chicago.  B.  W.  Phillips,  weekly. 

l83»-.*lii8arance  and  Railway  Register,  Chicago,  John  A.  Nichols,  monthly. 

18S9— •Insnrance  Gazette,  St.  Louis,  S.  E.  Conrtney,  monthly. 

1H59— •Inenrance  Reporter,  New  York,  Ambrose  Thompson,  monthly. 

IStiO— •Railway  and  Insurance  Reporter,  Chicac^o,  John  A.  NicholP,  monthly. 

1861— 'Commercial  and  Inenrance  Joomal,  Plilladelphia,  James  Mclver,  monthly,  after- 
wards fortnightly. 

1861— «New  England  Insurance  Gazette,  Boston,  William  Hadden,  monthly. 

180t — American  Exchange  and  Review,  Philadelphia,  John  A.  Fowler,  monthly. 

Ih6-i— Insurance  Journal  and  Real  Estate  Gazette,  New  York.  T.  &  J.  Slater,  monthly. 

18G3— •Underwriters  Weekly  Circular,  New  York,  Grierson  s  Bcclesine,  weekly. 

1865— Baltimore  Underwriter,  Baltimore,  Md.,  John  A.  Nichols  and  C.  C.  Bombaugh, 
monthly,  afterwards  fortnightly,  now  pnblished  by  C  C.  Bombaugh. 

1865— •Northwestern  Insurance  Journal,  Chicago,  J.  B.  Wal^h  &  Co.,  monthlv. 

I866~Chronicle,  Chicago,  J.  J.  W.  O'Donophne.  weekly,  afterwards  transferred  to 
New  York,  present  editor,  Franklin  Webster. 

1867— Western  Insurance  Review,  St.  Louis,  John  P.  Thompson  &  Co.,  monthly,  now 
pnblished  by  Mrs.  H.  L.  Aldrich,  B.  J  Dunn,  manas^ing  editor. 

1867— •Iiworance  Chronicle,  Cincinnati,  Tillinghast  &  Qrovenor,  monthly. 

KH»8— Spectator,  Charles  D.  LHkoy  and  James  H.  Goodsell,  Chicago,  monthly,  after- 
wards transferred  to  New  York  and  changed  to  weekly,  now  published  by  the 
Spectator  Company. 

1868— Northwestern  Review,  Chicago,  W.  F.  Brewster,  now  the  United  States  Review, 
transferred  to  Philadelphia,  now  fortnightly,  pnbliehed  by  R.  R.  Dearden 
and  H.  W.  Smith. 

1880— Insurance  Times,  New  York.  Stephen  English  and  Z.  Wilmshnrst,  monthly,  now 
pnbllshsd  by  St.  George  Kempson;  present  editor,  J.  A.  Van  Cleve. 

1869-Philadelphia  Underwriter,  Philadelphia,  S.  B.  Cohen,  monthly,  now  published 
by  B.  Kellogg. 

1R09— •Insurance  Gazette,  St.  Louis,  George  H.  Dunning,  monthly. 

1869— 'Review,  afterwards  National  Review,  New  York,  James  R.  Hosmer,  monthly. 

I'fftt—'Insnrance  Advocate,  Richmond,  Va.,  William  B.  Gretter,  monthly. 

1870— "Observer,  Chicago,  monthly. 

1«71— •Avalanche,  Pbiladeli)hia,  C.  E.  Rollins  and  R  B.  Caverley,  monthly. 

1871— •Insurance  Herald,  Cnlcago,  George  I.  Yeager,  monthly. 

1^1 —Insurance  Law  Journal,  St.  Louis.  D.  H.  &  H.  L.  Potter,  monthly,  afterwards 
transferred  to  New  York,  now  pnblished  by  C.  C.  Hine;  present  editor,  W.  S. 
Nichols. 

1H71— Coast  Review,  San  Francisco,  J.  G.  Riley,  monthly,  now  pnblished  by  J.  G.  Ed- 
wards; present  editor,  £.  H.  Bacon. 
1871— •New  Jersey  Review,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Asher  S.  Mills,  monthly. 
18Ti-.index.  Cincinnati,  W.  T.  Tillintrhast,  monthly,  transferred  to  Boston,  name 
changed  to  the  Standard  In  1872,  publication  changed  to  weekly,  now  pnb- 
liabed  byC.  M.  Ransom. 
19a— eEnqnirer,  Baltimore,  Md.,  Tyler  &  Markoe,  weekly. 
187i— •Boalnesa  Guide  and  Insurance  Chronicle,  Cincinnati,  L.  B.  A  I.  G.  Thome, 

weekly. 
1878— Insnnnoe  Jonraal,  Hartford,  H.  R.Hayden,  monthly,  now  published  by  H.  Hay- 
den. 
1913— Intaranoe  Age,  Now  York,  S.  S.  Norton,  monthly,  now  published  by  Matthew 
Qrifflo;  preeent  editor,  George  W.  Hatch.  -.«-..  ^y  ^^^  ^c^ "' 


126  InSURANCB  JoURMALIBlt. 

187S-*EzpoBitor,  PhiladelpbU,  Nat.  B.  Froeoun,  monthly,  timnaf erred  to  New  York. 
1S78— *Ageot  and  Policy-holder,  New  York,  B.  F.  Bowman  &  Co..  fortnlshtly. 
1S74 -*Recordf  Chicago,  published  by  "  The  Underwriteni  Union/'  monthly. 
1H74— Insurance  World,  FiUsbun^h.  J.  C.  BergstreMer,  monthlv. 
1^74— luvefliif^ator,  Cbica^  Reed  &  Bloominjfston,  monthly,  aiterwarda  weekly;  now 

published  by  J.  SS.  Bloomiui^ston. 
1874— •Insurance  Press,  Chica>fo,  Uooi^e  Cohen,  monthly. 
1874— Insurance  Critic,  Chicago,  O.  W.  A  J.  Keod,  Jr.,  monthly,  afterwards  tran^fnTed 

lo  New  York;  now  published  by  Georee  W.  Corliss. 
1875— *Soatheru  Policy-holder,  Italelgh,  N.C.,  John  C.  Hutson,  monthly. 
l.Vi6 -*ObeerTer,  Philadelphia,  A.  J.  A  J.  M.  Bowen,  monthly. 
1875— *VUidlcator.  Philadelphia,  weekly. 

1875 — ^Insurance  Watchmaii,  llalei^^h,  N.  C,  C.  P.  Brown  A  Co.,  monthly. 
1875— ♦Kecord,  New  York,  J.  A.  Lowrey,  monthly. 
1M77— Insurance  and  Commercial  Magazine,  New  York,  monthly,  W.  H.  LiTlngsion. 

editor  and  publisher. 
1877— Review,  New  York,  Dally  Bulletin  Association,  weekly. 
1877— ^Insurance  Reporter,  14  Park  Place,  New  York,  monthly. 
1877— Argua,  Chicago,  Charles  £.  Rollins,  monthly,  afterwards  fortnightly. 
1878— Rough  Notes,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  H.  C.  Martin,  publisher,  monthW. 
1879  -Insurance  Record,  New  York,  C.  J.  Smith,  monthly,  present  editor,  Nat.  B. 

Freeman. 
1879— ^Insurance  Herald  and  Weekly  Newsletter,  New  York,  George  B.  Whitehome 

&  Co.,  weekly. 
188S— 'Insurance  Age,  Sbelbvville,  Tenn.,  John  R.  Dean,  monthly. 
1(S8*2— 'Business  Obi*erver,  Cincinnati,  O.,  John  1.  Covington,  semi-monthly. 
1881— Indicator,  Detroit,  Michigan,  W.  U.  Burr,  monthly,  now    published  by  the 

Leavenworth  &  Burr  Co. 
1833— Our  Society  Journal,  Journal  Publishing  Association,  New  York,  monthly,  now 

the  Insurance  Economist,  John  Maclay,  editor. 
1883— Insurance,  New  York,  Davis  &  Lakey,  weekly. 
1883— Guardian,  Boston,  Mass.,  (;eo.  D.  Eldridge.  monthly. 
188;»-Insurance  News,  Philadelphia,  W.  H.  Wells,  monthly,  now  published  by  Mrs. 

W.  H.  Wells;  present  editor,  J.  Harmon  Ashley. 
1883— Vindicator,  Atlanta,  Georgia,  afterwards  transferred  to  New  Orleans,  Garrett 

Brown,  monthly,  now  eeiuiweekly. 
1886— 'Investigator,  St.  Louis,  chaii;;ed  to  the  Examiner,  weekly. 
1880— 'United  States  Insurance  Journal,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Henry  C.  Amos,  monthly. 
1886— 'Courant,  Cincinnati,  monthly. 
1887— Pacific  Underwriter,  San  Francisco,  W.  L.  Eason,  monthly,  afterwards  changed 

to  fortnightly. 
1888— Insurance   Herald,  Louisville  Courier-Journal  Job  Printing    Co.,  monthly. 

Young  E.  Allison,  editor. 
1888— Insurance  Agent,  New  Orleans,  La.,  monthly. 
1889— Views,  Washington,  D.  C,  Max  Cohen,  monthly. 
1889 -Independent,  Chicago,  G.  L.  McEean,  monthly. 
1890— 'Western  Mutual  Underwriter,  Milwaukee,  monthly. 
1890— Insurance  Echo,  Philadelphia,  monthly,  now  the  Insurance  Advocate,  published 

at  New  York  by  H.  E.  Roberts 
1890- Black  and  White,  Chicago,  monthly,  published  by  J.  H.  Kellogg. 
1891— •Radiator,  New  Orleans,  monthly,  began  by  W.  E.  Evans. 
1891— *Tezas  Insurance  and  Banking  Bulletin,  monthly,  Waco,  Tezaa. 
1891— Adjuster,  San  Francisco,  motithlv,  J.  A.  Carey,  present  editor. 
1891— Insurance  and  Investors'  Magaslne,  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  monihlv,  D.  W.  Wilder, 

publisher  and  editor;  name  changed  to  the  Insurance  Maeaalne. 
1892— Insurance  Sun,  San  Francisco,  monthly.  Fred.  S.  Case,  publisher. 
189«— Surveyor,  New  York,  weekly,  A.  G.  Hall,  publisher. 
189:^InBurance  Post  of  Chicago,  semimonthly,  Charles  A.  Hewitt,  publisher  and 

editor. 
1892— Industrial  Insurance  Herald,  Norristown,  N.  J.,  monthly. 
1893— Underwriters  Review,  Des  Moines,  la.,  monthly,  F.  A.  Durham,  publisher. 

Besides  these  regular  class  papers,  there  are  several  daily  and 
weekly  papers  which  devote  one  or  more  columns  of  eaoh  issue  to 
insurance  news  and  the  discussion  of  insurance  questions.  The  prin- 
cipal of  these  papers  is  the  New  York  Journal  of  Commerce,  and  Com- 
mercial Bulletin,  Sumner  Ballard,  insurance  editor.    Others  are  the 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Insubanob  Statistics. 


12* 


Kew  Orleans  States,  Simeon  Toby,  insurance  editor,  Chicago  Inter- 
Ocean,  and  Chicago  Tribune  amon^  dailies,  and  among  weeklies  the 
Independent,  Boston  Commercial  Bulletin,  Boston  Courier,  and  San 
Francisco  Commercial  News. 

Some  of  the  life  and  fire  insurance  companies  issue  weekly, 
monthly,  quarterly,  or  occasional  company  papers.  Among  these  may 
be  mentioned  the  ^^tna,  the  Equitable,  the  Metropolitan,  the  Union 
Central,  the  Prudential,  and  the  Union  Mutual  by  the  life  companies 
of  those  names :  the  Weekly  Statement  by  the  Mutual,  the  Travelers 
Record  by  the  Travelers,  the  Newsletter  by  the  New  York  Life,  the 
Ingleside  by  the  United  States  Life,  the  Safety  Fund  Advocate  by  the 
Hartford  Life  and  Annuity,  the  Golden  Gate  by  the  Fireman's  Fund 
of  San  Francisco,  Once  in  a  While  by  the  Traders  of  Chicago,  Now 
and  Then  by  the  Glens  Falls,  Kambling  Notes  by  Brown,  Craig  &  Co. 
of  Ban  Francisco,  Fidelity  Journal  by  the  Fidelity  Mutual  Life. 

Insurance  Joamalists'  Association  of  the  United  States  was 
organized  at  Sutherland's  restaurant,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  October 
20,  1881.  The  first  officers  were  Dr.  J.  A.  Fowler,  chairman  ;  Clifford 
Thomson,  secretary,  and  C.  C.  Hine,  treasurer.  The  executive  com- 
mittee meets  ei^ht  times  per  annum  and  the  association  holds  quarterly 
meetings,  viz. ;  m  January,  April,  July,  and  October.  At  the  annual 
meeting  held  October  29,  1891,  C.  M.  Ransom,  C.  C.  Hine,  W.  S.  Nich- 
ols, Franklin  Webster,  Henry  W.  Smith,  John  A.  Fowler,  and  J.  H. 
C.  Whiting,  Jr.,  were  elected  an  executive  committee  for  the  ensuing 
year.  Organization  was  effected  by  choice  of  Mr.  Ransom  as  chair- 
man, Mr.  Whiting  as  secretary,  and  Mr.  Nichols  as  treasurer.  At  the 
annual  meeting  December  3,  1892,  these  officers  were  continued.  A 
banquet  at  the  Hotel  Imperial  in  the  evening  followed  the  annual 
meeting.  The  guests  were  :  Mason  A.  Stone,  president  of  the  Green- 
wich Fire ;  James  G.  Beemer,  president  of  the  Lloyds  Plate  Glass ; 
Edward  Litchfield,  United  States  manager  of  the  Lancashire;  and  J. 
L.  Halsey,  vice-president  of  the  Manhattan  Life.  The  question  of 
national  supervision  of  insurance  was  discussed  by  all  present. 

Insurance  Post  of  Chicago,  The.  The  first  number  of  a  semi- 
monthly insurance  journal  with  this  title,  the  proprietor  and  editor 
being  Charles  A.  Hewitt,  appeared  under  the  date  of  January  16, 1892. 

Insurance  Statistics.  Aggregates  of  1S93.  The  following  is  a 
general  recapitulation  of  the  assets,  liabilities,  capital,  surplus,  and 
risks  in  force  December  81,  1892,  of  all  insurance  companies  (except 
assessment  life  and  accident  companies)  reporting  to  the  New  York 
state  insurance  department  at  that  date  : 


Companies. 

i 

Liabllitiee 

AsTCts.           except     i   Capital. 

capiul. 

Surpliifl. 

RiBkB  Id 
force. 

PIre 

189 
15 
81 
13 

$S86,89T,927  $121,785,813'tfi7.0«S.08K 

$67,687,029 

14,850,940 

106,663,820 

3,103,929 

$16,897,938,185 

Maiioe 

31,553,808       5,781,928 

908,784,637    789,674,017 

15,686,090       7,379,161 

1  1.430,000 
7,407,700 
6,304,600 

349,169.619 

Life 

4,707,918,487 

CMQAlty 

1,418,413,518 

ToUlB 

.,:. 

$1,177,873,033  $934,630,919 

373,317,386 

$180,638,718 

$a8,*r8,488J49 

Id8     tlTTSSNATIONAL  AmOCIATION  OF  ACCIDBHT  tJKDBRWRtTSRfi. 

[See  also  Fire  Insurance  Statistics,  and  Life  Insurance  Statistics, 
and  tabulations  in  the  Appendix.] 

Insnrance  Statistics,  Censos  Report  of.  In  April,  1893,  the 
United  States  Census  office  reported  the  results  of  its  inquiries  into  the 
fire,  marine,  inland  marine,  and  tornado  insurance  business  in  the 
United  SUtes  by  states  and  territories,  in  the  decade  1880  to  1889,  in- 
clusive.   The  following  were  the  totals  of  the  recapitulation  tables: 


T«n  Tears. 


Fire 
BastneM. 


Ocean 
Marine 
I      BuBlnees. 


Inland 

Marine 

Boslnees. 


Riak    written    and    re*  ' 

Dewed $96,Q6S,49S.R8S    $16,281,606,016    $4,719,717,049 

PreminmB    and    


Tornado 
Baalneee. 


menta  received  in  caeh. 

Loeeee  paid  in  caph 

Average  amonnt  of  pre- 
miums received  for  each 
$100  of  risks  written. . . 

Average  amonnt  of  losses 
paid  to  eacti  $100  of 
risks  written 

Averafl;e  amonnt  of  losses 
paia  to  eacli  dollar  of 
preminma  received 


9Rft.09l,4fi8 
641,946,800 

0.9983' 

i 

0-5475 
0.5486, 


144,118,807  , 
90,674,68S  | 


0.8884 


I 


»,106,419  I 
14,470,756  ; 


0.4684 


$158,466,748 

S.866,117 
196,319 


0.5584 


0.6S86, 


0.8066 


0.65461 


1.5411 


a4791 


0.81(9 


The  fire  insurance  business  is  separated  in  the  detailed  tables,  as 
term  business  and  perpetual  business.  The  totals  for  ten  jeara  are  : 
Term  business,  risks  written,and  renewed,  $^,880,688,498  ;  cash  pre- 
miums and  assessments  received,  $984,651,709  ;  losses  paid  in  cash, 
$540,548,668.  Perpetual  business  :  risks  written,  $154,784,400  ;  pre- 
miums received,  $3,639,749 ;  losses  paid,  $1,396,632,  or  a  percentage 
on  perpetual  business  of  losses  to  premiums  of  39.46. 

The  census  inquiries  showed  that  within  the  decade,  1880-1889,  the 
property  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  was  protected  against 
loss  by  fire  and  accident  on  land,  ocean,  lakes,  and  rivers  to  the  amount 
of  over  $120,000,000,000,  that  this  protection  cost  in  premiums  $1,156.- 
000,000  and  that  there  was  returned  by  the  companies  to  the  insurers, 
to  indemnify  them  for  losses  sustained,  $647,726,000  or  56  per  cent,  of 
the  sum  paid  by  them.  Estimating  expenses  at  33  per  cent.,  there  was 
a  margin  of  profit  of  a  little  over  ten  per  cent. 

International  Association  of  Accident  Underwriters,  com- 
posed of  accident  insurance  companies  on  the  assessment  plan,  was 
organized  at  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  December  18,  1891.  Seventeen 
associations  took  part  in  the  organization,  which  was  declared  to  be 
"  to  foster  and  guard  the  mutual  interests  of  accident  underwriting  by 
the  promotion  of  just  and  equitable  laws  as  distinct  from  the  business 
of  life  insurance.  The  first  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was 
held  in  Buflfalo,  N.  Y.,  June  27,  1892.  President  H.  W.  K.  Cutter  of 
the  Mutual  Accident  Association  of  the  Northwest  presided.  Papers 
were  read  by  John  Jordan  on  "  The  Agent,  his  Relations  to  his  Own 
and  Other  companies,  and  by  C.  W.  Oviatt  on  "  Modem  Surgery  in  its 


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Iowa  tTimBRWiUTBBB'  AssociATioti.  129 

Relation  to  Accident  Insurance."    The  following  officers  were  elected 
for  the  ensuing  year: 


H.  W.  K.  Catter,  presideDt;  D.  J.  Van  Auken.  Jr.,  vlce-presideDt;  H.  N.  Kings- 
bary,  treasarer,  W.  De  M.  Hooper,  secretary.  Ezecative  committee:  B.  P.  Dver. 
John  Jordan,  £.  B.  Trubey,  J.  I.  Bamam,  C.  U.  Banker,  and  H.  N.  Kingsbury. 


Iowa  Inguranoe  Report  for  1892.  The  twenty  third  annual 
insurance  report  of  the  auditor  of  state  was  dated  May  1,  1892.  The 
following  companies  had  been  admitted  to  do  business  In  the  state 
since  the  previous  report:  Key  City  Fire  of  Dubuque,  Iowa  Fire  of 
Des  Moines,  Firemen's  of  Chicago,  Firemen's  of  Newark,  N.  J., 
National  Fire  of  New  York,  8t.  Paul  German  Accident,  Anchor 
Mutual  of  Creston,  la.,  Merchants'  and  Manufacturers'  Fire  of  Clin- 
ton, la.,  and  Union  Life  of  Omaha,  Neb.  Thirteen  companies  ceased 
to  do  business  in  the  state.  A  number  of  assessment  companies  also 
failed  to  ask  for  renewal  of  license. 

Iowa,  Insurance  Saperrision  in,  1870-1898.  By  act  of  the 
legislature  of  1868  the  auaitor  of  state  was  charged  with  the  duties  of 
insurance  supervision.  This  official  is  elected  by  the  people  for  two 
years.    The  following  is  a  list  of  auditors  since  1868: 


John  A.  Blliott,  1866-18n. 

John  RoBsell,  1871-1875. 

Boren  R.  Sherman,  187&-1881. 

WUliam  V.  Lncas,  1881-1888. 


John  L.  Brown,  188a-1887. 

James  A.  Lyons,  1887-188& 

C.  G.  McCarthy,  1898- 


Btewart  Goodrell  is  the  deputy  in  charge  of  the  insurance  depart- 
ment of  the  auditor's  office. 

Iowa  State  Insnrance  Inspection  Bureau.  This  organization 
has  been  in  existence  several  years  and  was  originally  composed  of  most 
of  the  joint  stock  fire  insurance  companies  doing  business  in  the  state. 
It  is  a  supervising  and  rating  organization. 

On  May  10,  1892,  the  Bureau,  bj  a  small  majority,  adopted  an 
amendment  to  the  constitution  limiting  commissions  to  recording 
agents  to  fifteen  per  cent.,  to  go  into  effect  August  1.  TMs  action, 
which  was  effected  by  the  non-Iowa  members  of  the  association,  was 
unsatisfactory  to  the  representatives  of  the  Iowa  companies,  who, 
through  the  president  of  the  Bureau,  Judge  Ayres,  declared  that 
"it  was  out  of  the  question  for  the  Iowa  companies  to  reduce  com- 
missions to  fifteen  per  cent.,  that  it  would  be  suicidal,  as  it 
would  antagonize  their  faithful  agents,  and,  through  them,  the  people." 
At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Bureau,  October  12,  1892,  after  a  pro- 
tracted contest,  the  fifteen  per  cent,  commissions  section  of  the  con- 
stitution was  repealed  by  a  vote  of  68  to  82.  This  resulted  in  the 
withdrawal  of  the  western  ''Union"  non-state  companies  from  the 
Bureau  and  the  formation  by  them  of  a  new  organization  named  the 
Iowa  Underwriters  Association  [which  see].  The  two  organizations 
resolved  to  co-operate  in  all  matters  concerning  the  business  in  the 
state,  except  commissions.  The  Bureau  elected  as  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year:  O.  B.  Ayres  of  the  State,  of  Des  Moines,  president ; 
J.  K.  Powers,  vice-president,  and  H.  Clay  Stuart  of  the  Western  of 
Toronto,  secretary  and  treasurer.  These,  with  M.  E.  Lease,  Adam 
Howell,  and  W.  B.  Ryder,  constitute  the  executive  committee. 

Iowa  Underwriters'  Association,  was  organized  by  the  field- 
men  of  western  "  Union  "  fire  insurance  companies  doing  business  ilUTp 


180  Irvin,  E.  C. 

Iowa,  October  12,  1892,  resulting  from  a  split  in  the  Iowa  State  Insar- 
ance  Inspection  Bureau  [which  see],  on  the  question  of  limiting 
commissions  to  agents  to  tlfteen  per  cent.  A  majority  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Bureau  having  voted  for  the  repeal  of  the  constitutional 
rule,  the  minority  withdrew  and  formed  the  new  association,  passing 
a  resolution  at  the  same  time  to  cooperate  with  the  Bureau  in  all  mat- 
ters of  business  except  commissions.  The  officers  of  the  association 
elected  for  the  year  following  were:  E.  S.  Page  of  the  Home  of  New 
York,  president,  W.  F.  Thummel  of  the  Franklin  Fire  of  Philadel- 
phia, vice  president,  and  C.  U.  Turner  of  the  Continental,  secretary 
and  treasurer.  President  Page  died  in  March,  1893.  The  present 
officers  who  were  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  held  at  Dubuque  June 
28,  1898,  are  W.  E.  Page  of  Des  Moines,  president ;  Roger  8wire  of 
Iowa  City,  vice-president ;  O.  U.  Turner  of  Des  Moines,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  executive  committee  are  W.  A.  Hand,  A.  A.  Clark, 
H.  C.  Alverson.  £.  W.  AUbach,  C.  W.  Fracker,  all  of  Des  Moines, 
A.  J.  Morrison  of  Marengo,  and  C.  L.  Kingsley  of  Waterloo. 

.^Ireland,  Oscar  II.,  actuary  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life 
insurance  company,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York  October  28, 
1840.  He  graduated  from  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  in 
1859,  and  went  into  a  mercantile  house,  but  in  1868  loined  the  army 
as  a  lieutenant  of  the  Signal  Corps  and  served  through  the  remainder 
of  the  war.  After  some  years  in  South  America  he  returned  to  New 
York  and  began  his  actuarial  studies  in  the  office  of  D.  Parks  Fackler. 
In  1872  Mr.  Ireland  received  the  appointment  of  actuary  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Mutual  Life. 

Iron  Hall,  Order  of  the.  Charges  against  the  supreme  officers 
of  this,  the  leading  endowment  assessment  order,  were  filed  in  the  su- 
perior court  at  Indianapolis,  Ind. ,  in  August,  1892.  It  was  charged  that 
the  concern  was  insolvent  and  that  the  supreme  officers  had  been  guilt j 
of  misappropriating  the  funds  of  the  order.  They  were  arrested  and  in 
different  states  the  courts  appointed  receivers  for  the  local  branches  of 
the  order.  The  downfall  of  this  principal  endowment  organization 
precipitated  the  failure  of  like  concerns  all  over  the  country,  and  at 
the  time  this  volume  went  to  press  but  few  of  them  remained  in  actual 
operation.     [See  Endowment  Assessment  Orders.] 

^■r  Irvin,  E.  C,  president  of  the  Fire  Association  of  Philadelphia, 
was  born  near  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  May  22,  1839.  While  yet  a  youth  he 
taught  school  at  Duncannon,  Pa.,  and  was  afterwards  for  a  number  of 
years  manager  of  the  Duncannon  Iron  Works.  He  entered  the  insur- 
ance business  in  1869  as  special  agent  for  Pennsylvania  of  the  Qer- 
mania  Fire  of  New  York.  In  1874  he  became  general  a^nt  of  the 
Phoenix  of  Hartford  for  a  large  territory  extending  from  Pennsylva- 
nia to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  with  headquarters  at  Philadelphia.  In 
February,  1884,  Mr.  Irvin  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Fire  Asso- 
ciation and  succeeded  to  the  presidency  in  February,  1891. 


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JOHK  dAKCOCK  MUTt7AL  LlTB  InSUBANCB  OoUPANY.  131 


Jacob,  Charles  D.^  president  of  the  Mutual  Life  insurance  com- 
pany of  Kentucky,  was  born  at  Louisville,  Kjr.,  in  June,  1838.  He 
was  carefully  educated  in  some  of  the  best  institutions  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  is  an  accomplished  scholar.  He  served  his  native 
city  as  mayor  four  terms,  and  in  1885  went  to  the  republic  of  Colombia 
as  envoy  and  minister  from  the  United  States.  Mr.  Jacob  has  been 
prominent  in  public  life  in  Louisville  for  many  years,  has  been  its 
mayor,  is  largely  connected  with  its  financial  institutions,  and  is 
president  of  the  Central  Savings  Bank.  He  succeeded  President 
Temple  in  1886  as  the  president  of  the  Mutual  Life. 

Jaloniek's  Rating  Bnrean.  [See  Texas  Survey  and  Hating 
Bureau.! 

James,  Alfred,  president  of  the  Northwestern  National  insurance 
company  of  Milwaukee,  was  bom  at  Johnstone,  Scotland,  but  at  an 
early  age  was  brought  to  America,  living  at  North  Adams,  Mass.  Mr. 
James'  first  experience  with  the  world  was  unique  among  men  who 
have  become  fire  insurance  managers.  He  was  a  sailor  eleven  ^ears, 
from  1846  to  1855,  and  at  the  time  he  retired  from  that  vocation  he 
was  commander  of  the  clipper  ship  Oxenbridge.  His  introduction  to 
fire  underwriting  was  as  a  clerk  in  a  Chicago  agency,  in  1856.  From 
1860  to  1871  he  was  himself  an  agent,  representing  many  companies, 
amone  them  the  Northwestern  National  of  Milwaukee.  The  compa- 
nies of  his  agency  were  losers  of  $1,620,000  in  the  great  fire,  and  paid 
96  cents  on  the  dollar.  In  1875,  while  manager  of  the  Chicago  branch 
office  of  the  Northwestern,  he  was  called  to  Milwaukee  to  take  charge 
of  the  companv,  with  the  rank  of  vice-president.  In  1887,  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Alexander  Mitchell,  he  was  elected  president. 

James,  Nathaniel  T,,  United  States  manager  for  the  Alliance  of 
London,  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  went  to  California  when  ten 
years  of  age.  In  1868,  while  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  California  in- 
surance company,  he  was  appointed  h^  President  Johnson  a  cadet  at 
the  United  States  naval  academy.  He  graduated  in  1872,  and  was 
absent  on  foreign  duty  for  some  years.  In  1878  he  returned  to  Cali- 
fornia and  became  captain  of  a  merchant  steamer,  and  followed  the 
sea  until  he  was  ofiFered  a  position  in  his  old  company.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  California  at  the  time  of  its  absorption  by  the  Alliance,  to 
the  United  States  management  of  which  he  was  appointed. 

Jersey  City  insurance  company  of  New  Jersey  re-insured  its  risks 
in  the  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  in  July,  1892,  and  retired  from 
business.  It  was  36  years  old,  and  had  been  doing  an  agency  business 
outside  its  own  state  thirteen  years. 

John  Hancock  Mntnal  Life  insurance  company  of  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts, was  chartered  April  21,  1862,  the  original  incorporators 
including  Nathaniel  Harris,  James  P.  Thorndike,  and  Gerrj  W. 
Cochrane.  George  P.  Sanger  was  elected  president,  and  the  com- 
pany's first  policy  was  issued  December  27,  1862.  The  primary 
object  of  the  organizers  was  the  establishment  of  a  company  that 
should  from  the  beginning  be  an  exponent  of  the  Massachusetts  non- 


lid       JoHK  Hakoock  Mutual  Lifb  iHiuiuHcs  Ooid^ABt. 

forfeiture  law  of  1861,  and  it  was  the  first  company  in  the  state  to 
pay  a  claim  under  a  policy  lapsed  by  non-payment  of  premium.  The 
non-forfeiture  law  provided  for  eztendea  term  insurance  for  such 
period  as  80  per  cent,  of  the  reserve  would  carry  the  policy,  and, 
under  the  provisions  of  that  law,  the  John  Hancock  paid  to  widows 
and  orphans  more  than  $500,000. 

Th  re  were  crudities  in  the  statute,  especially  as  applied  to  endow- 
ment insurance,  and  in  1880  it  was  repealed.  A  new  law  was  substi- 
tuted, however,  taking  effect  January  1,  1881.  Under  its  provisions 
every  policy  issued  by  the  company  becomes  paid  up  by  its  terms  after 
the  payment  of  two  annual  premiums,  and  without  action  of  any  kind 
on  the  part  of  the  policy-holder.  The  law  also  provides  that  on  any 
anniversary,  on  a  proper  surrender,  the  company  shall  pay  the  sur- 
render value  of  the  policy,  which,  in  the  case  of  an  endowment  policy, 
is  very  nearly  the  full  4  per  cent,  reserve. 

The  John  Hancock  began  business  with  a  guarantee  capita!  of 
1 100, 000,  which  was  retired  in  1878,  the  company  then  becoming  a 
purely  mutual  organization.  The  original  board  of  directors  consiiMbed 
of  thirty-six  members,  the  owners  of  the  guarantee  capital  and  the 
policy-holders  being  represented  in  the  directory.  One  member  of  the 
original  board,  Samuel' Atherton,  is  still  associated  with  the  manage- 
ment, occupying  the  position  of  first  vice-president.  Hay  13,  1878, 
President  Sanger  resiitned  and  retired  August  1  of  that  year  from  the 
position  which  he  had  held  from  the  inception  of  the  company.  The 
associate  ofl^cers  at  the  time  were  Farnbuun  Plummer,  vice-president, 
George  B.  Ager.  secretary,  and  Elizur  Wright,  actuary.  Qeorge 
Thornton  was  elected  president  in  1874,  filling  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  George  P.  Sanger.  Samuel  Atherton  was  advancea 
to  the  vice-presidency,  succeeding  Farnum  Plummer,  and  Georee  B. 
Woodward  became  the  secretary  and  actuary  of  the  company.  Hon. 
Stephen  H.  Rhodes  was  chosen  president  in  1878,  being  at  the  time 
of  his  election  insurance  commissioner  of  Massachusetts.  He  resigned 
as  commissioner  March  12, 1879,  having  held  the  position  since  Decem- 
ber 8,  1874,  and  assumed  the  active  management  of  the  company, 
which  he  has  since  retained.  The  associate  officers  and  directors  are 
Messrs.  Samuel  Atherton,  first  vice-president;  Samuel  Wells,  second 
vice-president  and  counsel;  George  B.  Woodward,  secretary;  Charles 
G.  Wood,  treasurer;  Frank  Wells,  medical  examiner;  Henry  T.  Cul- 
ver, superintendent  of  agents;  Messrs.  Samuel  Atherton,  James  F.  C. 
Hyde,  Samuel  Wells,  Thomas  F.  Temple,  Franklin  Haven,  Jr.,  John 
Carr,  Albert  H.  Higgins,  Charles  E.  Lauriat,  Daniel  Needham,  Edwin 
B.  Holmes,  Stephen  H.  Rhodes,  directors. 

In  July,  1879,  the  company  engaged  in  the  prosecution  of  industrial 
insurance,  being  the  pioneer  in  that  branch  of  business  in  Massachu- 
setts. Its  first  industrial  policy  was  issued  July  7.  From  the  outset 
the  business  developed  with  great  rapidity.  Through  the  intervention 
of  President  Rhodes,  the  non-forfeiture  act  of  1881  was  amended,  pro- 
viding that  on  policies  of  prudential  or  industrial  insurance  on  which 
the  weekly  premiums  are  not  more  than  fifty  cents  each,  the  surrender 
value  in  all  cases  shall  be  payable  in  cash.  The  equity  of  this  provis- 
ion, which  the  company  would  have  adopted  without  statute  require- 
ment, commended  industrial  insurance  to  the  public,  ensuring  the 


JOUBNAIilSTB  AbBOOIATION,  InBURANCB. 


188 


Bystem  favor  far  and  wide.  The  progress  which  the  John  Hancock 
has  made  as  the  Massachusetts  representative  of  the  industrial  insur- 
ance plan  is  Bhown  by  the  appended  statistics,  ezhibitins  the  number 
of  policies  and  amount  of  insurance  in  force  and  the  yearly  gain  since 
the  adoption  of  the  system  by  the  company: 


The  company's  total  insurance  in  force,  December  81,  1892,  in- 
cludlDf  whole  life  and  endowment,  exceeded  $78,000,000.  At  the 
beginning  of  industrial  operations  the  amount  in  force  was  $13,000,- 
000.  The  rapid  increase  in  the  company's  operations  made  it  neces- 
sary that  it  should  seek  quarters  where  the  business  could  more  con- 
veniently be  carried  on  than  in  rented  rooms,  and  in  1887  it  purqjiased 
a  lot  of  land  on  Devonshire  street,  covering  12,500  square  feet,  on 
which  it  erected  one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  Boston,  moving  into  its 
present  quarters  in  Februaiy,  1891. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  Massachusetts  laws,  the  company  is 
examined  every  three  years  by  the  insurance  commissioner,  and  a 
provision  of  the  by-laws  of  the  company  also  provides  for  an  annual 
examination  by  a  committee  elected  by  the  policy-holders  at  the 
annual  meeting. 

Jones,  Charles  N.,  associate  actuarv  of  the  New  York  Life  insur- 
ance company,  was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York  in  1848,  and  grad- 
uated from  Oberlin  College  in  1871.  Two  years  later  he  was  appomted 
tutor  in  the  preparatory  department  of  that  college,  and  in  1874  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  instructor  in  mathematics  at  the  University 
of  Michigan.  In  1878  he  was  promoted  to  an  assistant  professorship, 
and  again,  in  1887,  was  made  full  professor,  with  the  title  of  Professor  of 
Applied  Mathematics.  In  the  spring  of  1888  he  received  an  offer  from 
the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  to  loin  its  actuarial  force,  which  he 
accepted.    In  1892  he  transferred  his  services  to  the  New  York  Life. 

Joarnalism,  Insurance.    [See  Insurance  Journalism.] 

Jonmallsts  Association,  Insurance.  [See  Insurance  Journalists 
Association.]  t 


Tear. 

iDdutrUl  PoUciw 
In  Force. 

AmouDt  of  InsarADca. 

Annnal  Gmin. 

1879 

9,327 

1880 

80,702 

$8,189,018 

1881 

86,032 

3,787,280 

$648,212 

1882 

48,568 

5,096,488 

1,809,258 

1888 

63,625 

6,730,902 

1,634,414 

1884 

80,629 

8,936,611 

2,205,709 

1886 

107,872 

12,600,935 

3,664,324 

1886 

148,850 

17,806,910 

6,204,976 

1887 

208,467 

28,802,502 

5,996,592 

1888 

256,574 

29,943,052 

6,140,552 

1889 

320,264 

86,365,419 

6,422,367 

1890 

402,147 

46,772,709 

9,407,290 

1891 

476,612 

54,516,614 

8,748.805 

1892 

556,485 

66,428,121 

10,911,607 

134  Kansas  Life  Ukdkrwbitbrs  Absociation. 


K 


Kansas  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters.  This  organization  is  dor- 
mant, the  Kansas  law  prohibiting  associations  of  ore  underwriters. 
Most  special  and  general  agents  connected  with  Kansas  business  . 
belong  to  the  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  Missouri,  which  is 
the  successor  of  the  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  Missouri. 
Kansas,  and  Ncbraslca,  which  dissolved  in  1891  on  the  ground  that 
"its  executive  function  no  longer  existed  outside  the  state  of 
Missouri." 

Kansas  Ciij  Life  Underwriters  Association  of  Kansas  City. 
Mo.,  was  organized  there  in  January,  1891,  electing  C.  D.  Whitehead 
president,  J.  L.  Lord  and  J.  A.  Lewis  vice  presidents,  and  C.  D.  Will 
secretary.  The  present  officers,  elected  at  the  last  annual  meeting,  are 
C.  C.  Courtney,  president,  and  William  P.  Rodgers,  secretary. 

Kansas  Insurance  Report :  The  twenty  second  annual  report  of 
the  Kansas  insurance  department  was  dated  May  1,  1893.  The  com- 
panies admitted  during  the  department  year  were  the  Delaware  of 
Philadelphia,  Home  Mutual  of  San  Francisco,  Queen  of  New  York, 
and  Bankers  Life  of  Lincoln,  Neb.  Nine  companies  retired.  Super- 
intendent McBride  advocated  the  making  of  fire  Insurance  rates  by  the 
state  government,  as  follows: 

The  raU«  of  the  Kanens  cotnpaniefl  also  nhow  an  increaflc  of  rates  over  the  prerioii» 
year.  In  thle  connt'Ction  I  draire  to  atate  that  in  my  opinion  the  anti-truet  Uw  (chapte- 
257,  setwion  laws  of  1880)  fails  to  necure  a  rtnlnction  of  insurance  rates,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, under  the  operation  of  thitt  law  rates  have  advanced  for  the  flrat  time  in  ^ix  years. 
I  would  recommend  that  chapter  257,  seHt<i()n  Iuwh  of  1880,  be  repealed,  in  so  far  as  H 
relates  to  insurance  companies,  and  that  a  law  be  pat>sed  compcllinf;  the  insurance  com- 
panies to  establish  rat^  of  insurance  for  the  stat4.\  and  that  the  rates  so  established  be 
filed  with  the  superintendent  of  insurance. 

The  laws  should  provide  that,  when  cities  and  communities  feel  that  an  Injustice  hsa 
been  done  them  In  rating,  an  uppt^al  could  l)e  made  to  the  superintendent  of  insorance, 
who,  upon  hearing,  should  make  an  equitable  rating.    Under  the  prt*ent  syst<an,  where 
laKei   '■  ......  .         3    _     . ,.  -..^  _ 


each  companjr  maKes  its  own  rates,  rural  dintricts  are  charged  exorbitant  rates.  The 
companies  doing  a  farm  inanrancc  business  charged  a  rate  in  nearly  everj'  case,  averag- 
ing more  than  a  five-year  rate.  If  a  regular  rate  by  all  companies  was  established  on 
detached  property,  and  the  commercial  rinks  rated  and  the  rates  filed  in  this  ofltce,  there 
could  not  well  be  an  overcharging  by  the  soliciting  agent«.  I  see  no  reason  why  the 
state  shoald  not  tiave  supervisory  ix>wer  over  rates  of  insurance  as  well  tm  over  rates  of 
railroad  traffic. 

Regarding  the  assessment  business  the  superintendent  said  that  he 
had  "  adhered  to  the  rulings  of  his  predecessor,  construing  the  laws 
governing  assessment  life  insurance  societies  and  refused  to  license 
them  to  transact  business  in  Kansas." 

The  receipts  of  the  insurance  department  during  the  year  were  $44,- 
913,  and  the  expenditures  $5,191. 

Kansas,  Insurance  SuperTlsion  in,  1871-1893:  The  insurance 
department  in  Kansas  was  established  by  act  of  March  9,  1871.  The 
insurance  superintendents  are  appointed  by  the  governor  for  a  term  of 
four  years.    The  superintendents  have  been : 

William  C.  Webb,  1871-1873.    Kichanl  B.  Morris,  1883-1887. 

Ed.  RusHell,  1873  1874.  :  Daniel  W.  Wilder,  1887-18JH. 

H.  Clarkson,  1^74-1875.  ,  William  H.  McBride  1801-1893. 

Orrin  T.  Welch,  1875  1883.  |  S.  H.  Snider,  188J- 

Kansas  Life  Underwriters  Association  was  organized  at  Topeka 
i^  1892,  with  £.  W.  Poindexter  as  president,  and  C.  G.  Blakely  as 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Bjbntuokt  and  Tbithbssbb  Undbbwbitiebs  AseociATiOK.    185 


secretary.  The  present  officers,  who  were  elected  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  May,  1898,  are  L.  L.  Hisgins  of  the  Washington  Life,  president; 
J.  £.  Halsted  of  the  Phoenix  Mutual,  vice-president;  I.  B.  Snow  of  the 
Massachusetts  Mutual,  treasurer;  W.  J.  Handy  of  the  Michigan 
Mutual,  secretary. 

^^  Kenny,  J.  J^  niani^g:ing  director  of  the  Western  assurance  company 
of  Toronto,  was  born  in  London,  England,  in  1846.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Canada  when  he  was  but  a  youth,  and  he  was  educated  at 
Hamilton,  Ont.,  and  began  his  insurance  career  as  a  clerk  in  a  local 
agency  in  that  city.  Subsequently  he  was  employed  in  the  office  of 
the  Canada  Life  assurance  company,  and.  after  two  years  service  there, 
joined  the  staff  of  the  Western.  He  filled  successively  the  positions  of 
inspector,  secretary,  and  managing  director,  to  which  latter  office  he 
was  appointed  in  1880. 

Kentucky  and  Tennessee  Underwriters  Association.  The 
Kentucky  and  Tenaessee  League  of  fire  insurance  general  and  special 
agents  disbanded  in  1891,  and  June  9  of  thatyear  was  succeeded  by  a 
new  organization  bearing  the  above  title.  The  officers  elected  were 
Gen.  John  B.  Castleman  of  the  Royal,  president;  H.  W.  White  of  the 
Glens  Falls,  vice-president;  C.  B.  Rogers  of  the  Springfield  Fire  and 
Marine,  secretary.  At  the  annual  meeting  June  14,  1892,  A.  K. 
Murray  of  the  Phoenix  of  Hartford  was  elected  president  in  place  of 
Gen.  Castleman,  who  declined  a  re-election,  and  the  other  officers 
were  continued.  The  executive  committee  chosen  were  C.  D.  Thomp- 
son of  the  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe,  J.  G.  Johnson  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Fire,  W.  H.  Wheeler  of  the  Home  of  New  York,  Henry 
W.  Gray,  Jr.,  of  the  American  Fire  of  Philadelphia,  and  A.  w. 
Westgate  of  the  Fireman's  Fund.  The  present  officers,  who  were 
elected  at  the  annual  meeting  June  12,  1898,  are  as  follows:  C.  D. 
Thompson,  president;  C.  T.  Baird,  vice-president;  A.  W.  Westgate, 
secretary.  The  executive  committee  is  E.  J.  Watkins,  G.  A.  Curry, 
J.  C.  Johnston,  J.  P.  Singleton,  and  V.  F.  Moss. 

The  association  is  a  rating  and  supervising  body  in  the  states  of 
Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  There  are  local  boards  at  all  towns  where 
two  recording  agencies  exist.  There  are  stamping  secretaries  at 
Frankfort,  Harrodsburg,  Winchester,  and  Covington,  Ky.,  and  Nash- 
ville, Chattanooga,  and  Enoxville,  Tenn. ;  and  an  inspector  has  been 
elected  for  Lexington,  Ky.  The  companies  represented  in  the  asso- 
elation  are  as  follows: 

of 


^tna,  Hartford. 

American,  Philadelphia. 

Caledonian,  Edinborgb. 

Citizena,  New  York. 

Citizens,  Tenneeeee. 

Connecticnt,  Hartford. 

Continental,  New  York. 

Eoaiuble  Fire  and  Marine, 
Providence. 

Fireman's  Fund,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 


German  -  American,      Kew 

York. 
Olcns  Falls,  Olens  Falls. 
Hanover  Fire,  New  York, 
Hartford  Fire,  Hartford.' 
Home*  New  York. 


Insurance     Company 

North  America. 
Lancashire. 

London  and  Lancashire. 
Liverpool  and  London  and 

Globe. 
Manchester  Fire. 
Mechanics     and     Traders, 

New  Orleans. 
I  Merchants,  Providence. 
JMilwaakee  Mechanics,  Mil- 

National  Fire,  Hartford. 
Niagara  Fire,  New  York. 
Northern,  London. 


Norwich  Union. 
Orient,  Hartford. 


Pennsylvania  Fire,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Phoenix,  London. 

Phenix,  Brooklyn. 

Phoenix,  Hartford. 

Planters,  Tennessee. 

Providence  Washington, 
Providence. 

Qaeen,  New  York. 

Royal,  Liverpool. 

Southern.  New  Orleans. 

8prinfi;lleld  Fire  and  Marine, 
Springfield. 

State  Investment,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Sun  Mutnal,  New  Orleans. 

Traders,  Chicago. 

Western,  Toronta  ^qOqIc 


186  EirowLBB,  Clarenck. 

Kentncky  fnsnraiice  Report  for  1892.  The  twenty-second 
annual  report  of  the  insurance  commissioner  of  Kentucky  was  issued  in 
May,  1^.  The  following  companies  of  all  classes  were  admitted  to 
the  state  durine  the  department  year:  Caledonian,  Manufacturers  and 
Builders  of  New  York,  Queen,  Union  of  London,  National  Life 
of  Vermont,  New  York  Plate  Glass,  and  the  accident  branch  of 
the  i£tna  Life.  Eleven  Fire  insurance  companies  and  one  Life  insur- 
ance company  withdrew.  Discoursing  about  the  enormous  fire  waste 
in  the  United  States  and  the  prospects  for  lessening  it  Commissioner 
Duncan  said: 

Probably  the  most  effectual  remedy  yet  sogKosted  —  which  has  the  merit  of  eereral 
yean'  iiucctii8ful  experience  in  at  least  one  state  to  commend  it  —  is  a  law  in  each  of  the 
several  states  requiring  an  investigation  and  report  of  the  caascs  of  flres.  Sach  a  law 
has  been  in  force  for  several  years  past  in  Massachusetts,  and  the  insnranoe  commis- 
sioner of  that  state,  in  iiis  report  for  1891,  says  that  it  is  prodacing  most  excellent 
results.  It  is,  therefore,  respectfully  recommended  that  the  Iegislat«ire  now  in  seasion 
consider  the  ad\isabillty  of  adding  a  similar  law  to  the  statutes  of  this  state. 

As  to  the  results  of  fire  underwriting  in  Kentucky  in  1892,  the 
commissioner  said: 

The  result  In  Kentucky  for  the  year  was  unusually  severe,  the  total  premium  receipts 
of  all  companies  aniountingto  $2,490.  .580.38.  and  the  losses  paid  $I,8S5,i74.03  — a  rario 
of  losM's  to  premiums  of  73.8  per  cent.,  which  is  18.8  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the  usual 
estimate  for  fosses  wliich  a  company  can  stand  and  do  a  profitable  business.  The  busi- 
ness of  all  the  Kentucky  companies  being  confined  principally  to  this  state,  it  iis 
therefore,  small  wonder  that  of  the  elghiy-two  coniimnies  above  referred  to  as  hav- 
ing been  forced  to  retire  during  the  year,  five  of  them  were  Kentucky  companies. 

The  commissioner  also  called  the  attention  of  the  legislature  to  the 
transactions  of  the  endowment  a8se^8ment  swindlers  in  the  state  and 

ged  that  measures  might  be  taken  to  bar  them  out. 

The  receipts  of  the  insurance  department  for  the  year  ending  June 
80,  1892,  were  $27,033;  expenditures,  $13,831. 

Kentucky,  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1870-1894.  The  insurance 
bureau  is  a  department  of  the  state  auditor's  office,  the  official  in 
charge  being  appointed  by  the  state  taiditor  for  four  years,  bearing  the 
title  of  insurance  commissioner.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  com- 
missioners from  the  organization  of  tlie  bureau. 

Gnstavus  W.  Smith,  1870  1875  I  Lebiic  C.  Norman,  1880-1W8 

Bedforti  Leslie,  1«75  1880  |  Henry  F.  Duncan,  188»-lija2 

Mr.  Duncan  was  appointed  in  1889  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term 
of  his  predecessor.  He  was  reappointed  for  four  years  in  January, 
1892.     W.  T.  Havens  is  the  deputy  commissioner. 

Kentucky  Life  Underwriters  Association.  [See  Life  Under- 
writers Association  of  Kentucky.] 

Kllbnrn,  Daniel  W.,  Boston  general  agent  of  the  Connecticut 
Mutual  Life.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

KnowleSy  Clarence,  southern  general  agent  at  Atlanta,  Ga..  is 
a  native  of  Peusacola,  Fla.,  where,  on  leaving  school,  he  entered 
a  local  agency.  The  New  York  Underwriters  Agency  called  him  to  a 
position  in  its  home  office  at  New  York,  from  which  he  was  sent  out 
to  do  adjusting.  Subsequently  the  Agency  appointed  him  its  special 
agent  for  the  southern  field.  It  was  during  his  twelve  years  of 
service  for  the  Agency  that  he  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
South  Eastern  TariJQt  Association  in  1882,  and  was  its  first  president 


Digitized  by 


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liAlfCASHIBB  InBUBAJTCB  COMPANY.  187 

and  re-elected  for  five  successiTe  tenns.  In  1884,  when  the  €tonnania 
Fire  of  New  York  withdrew  from  the  Agency,  it  appointed  Mr. 
Knowles  its  southern  manager  with  headquarters  at  Atlanta.  He  also 
became  agent  for  the  Mutual  Fire  of  New  York  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Fire  of  Philadelphia.  The  (Jermania  withdrew  from  the  South, 
except  in  a  few  cities,  in  1893,  and  Mr.  Knowles  insured  its  southern 
risks  in  the  Delaware,  of  which  he  was  appointed  southern  manager. 


Lafayette  Fire  insurance  company  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  retired 
from  business  in  January,  1892,  its  risks  being  reinsured  by  the  Home 
of  New  York.  The  Lafayette  was  incorporated  in  1856.  It  had 
$150,000  capital  and  confined  its  business  mostly  to  New  York  city 
and  Brooklyn. 

Lancashire  insurance  company  of  Manchester,  Eng.,  was  notified 
by  the  Massachusetts  insurance  department  in  February,  1892,  that 
it  must  possess  additional  assets  of  |487.000  in  the  United  States 
to  continue  to  do  business  in  Massachusetts.  This  action  by  the 
department  was  taken  in  accordance  with  the  statute  law  which  rates  as 
capital  of  a  fire  insurance  company  of  a  foreign  country  all  deposits 
made  by  it  with  state  authorities  in  the  Unitea  States,  and  therefore 
charges  them  up  as  a  liability  against  the  company.  The  large  deposit 
made  by  the  Lancashire  with  the  New  York  insurance  department 
caused  this  condition.  Subsequent  legislation  in  New  York  permitted 
the  withdrawal  of  a  portion  of  its  deposit,  and  it  resumed  business  in 
Massachusetts  in  1893. 

A  "General  American  Department"  was  established  by  the  Lan- 
cashire in  January,  1892,  after  its  reinsurance  of  the  business  of  the 
three  Armstrong  companies,  the  purpose  of  the  department  being 
to  continue  the  business  of  those  companies  and  such  as  might  be 
added  to  it,  on  the  Armstrong  plan,  so  called.  George  Pritchard  was 
appointed  manager  of  this  department  with  S.  £.  Barton  as  secretary. 
There  was  a  separate  office  in  New  York  for  this  business.  The 
department  was  discontinued  and  its  business  merged  with  that  of  the 
United  States  branch  office  in  February,  1893. 

The  Lancashire  closed  its  central  department,  baring  headquarters 
at  Cincinnati  in  December,  1892,  and  agents  were  directed  to  report  to 
the  head  office  at  New  York. 


The  Lancashire  was  organized  and  began  business  in  the  year  1852. 
The  deed  of  settlement  provided  that  the  company  has  the  power 
of  granting  insurance  on  lives,  or  against  anv  contingency  involving 
the  duration  of  human  life;  also  to  guarantee  the  fidelity  of  persons;  to 
insure  against  risks  or  damage  to  any  kind  of  property  by  fire; 
and  against  the  risk  of  loss  and  damage  to  ships  at  sea  on  voya^, 
or  to  Uieir  cargoes,  and  to  do  all  such  other  business  as  is  transacted  by 
fire,  life,  and  marine  insurance  offices.  The  company  has  availed 
itself  of  none  of  the  privileges  given  in  its  charter  or  deed  of  settle- 
ment, excepting  that  of  doing  fire  and  life  insurance  business.    In  the 


138  LaKCABHIRB  b^SURANCB  COKPAKT. 

United  States  of  America,  the  company's  operations  are  restricted 
solely  to  the  fire  insurance  business. 

The  report  of  the  forty-first  annual  meeting  of  the  company,  held 
at  Manchester,  March  9,  1898,  presents  the  following  account  of  the 
position  of  the  company  December  81.  1893:  *' During  the  year  479 
life  policies  were  issued,  assuring  £174,610,  and  producing  in  new 
premiums  £9,010  16s.  7d.  The  income,  after  deducting  sums  paid  for 
re -assurances,  amounted  to  £122,355,  bein^  an  increase  of  £3,310  upon 
the  income  of  the  year  1891.  The  claims  from  147  deaths  and  9 
matured  endowments  amounted  to  £66.693  13s.  6d.,  and  after  pro- 
Yidinf:  for  these  and  the  other  sums  detailed  in  the  annexed  accounts, 
the  life  reserve  fund  has  been  increased  from  £862,639  2s.  Id.  to 
£891.686  19s.  4d. 

"  The  fire  premium  income,  after  deducting  re-insurances,  amounted 
to  £922,847  12s.,  being  an  increase  of  £17,608  16s.  7d.  upon  that  of  the 
previous  year.  The  claims  for  loss  and  damage  by  fire,  including 
outstanding  losses,  amounted  to  £607,204  13s.  4d.,  and  after  providing 
for  these,  and  the  commissions  and  expenses,  there  was  a  surplus  of 
£41,047  lis.  8d.,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  profit  and  loss  account. 

' '  In  the  previous  jrear's  report  the  directors  intimated  that  they  had 
secured  a  large  and  hitherto  profitable  business  in  America,  on  terms 
which  they  believed  would  be  remunerative  to  the  company.  The 
individual  limits,  however,  were  found  to  be,  in  numerous  cases,  too 
large  to  be  retained  by  the  Lancashire,  while  others  were  undesirable 
on  their  merits,  and  in  consequence  the  directors  considered  it  prudent 
to  cancel  or  re-insure  such  exceptional  limits  and  risks,  and  the  cost 
thereof,  and  of  claims  under  other  policies  which  it  was  decided  not 
to  renew  at  expiry,  amounted  to  £86,268  18s.  3d.  By  the  payment 
of  this  sum,  and  that  set  aside  last  year,  the  whole  liabilities  of  the 
company  incurred  by  this  purchase  were  discharged.  The  directors 
resolved  to  treat  this  in  the  same  way  as  was  done  with  the  good- 
will account  the  previous  year,  and  spread  it  over  the  accounts  of 
three  years.  The  sum  of  £23.756  4s.  5<1.  had  therefore  been  charged  to 
to  the  profit  and  loss  account  of  the  year  1892." 

The  directors  went  on  to  say  in  their  report: 

"The  carefully  selected  business  placed  on  our  books  by  this 
purchase  amounts  to  £201,868  per  annum,  and  the  directors  have  con- 
fidence in  a  satisfactory  profit  being  secured  therefrom.  A  separate 
department  was  established  in  New  York  with  separate  ofllce  and 
staff  to  carry  out  this  transfer,  but  now  that  such  transfer  has  been 
completed,  such  separate  management  is  no  longer  necessary,  and 
it  has  accordingly  been  determined  to  consolidate  our  whole  American 
business  in  one  ofiSce  and  under  one  management,  in  New  York, 
which,  while  maintaining  efiiciency,  will  tend  materially  to  reduce 
expenses. 

"  The  investments  of  the  company  produced  in  interest  the  sum  of 
£60,511  2s.  lid.,  whereof  £85,013  7s.  4d.  belongs  to  the  life  branch. 
The  amount  of  the  profit  and  loss  account  is  £86.860  Is.  lid.,  from 
which  have  been  paid  the  foreign  state  taxes  (£9,838),  the  second 
installment  of  the  good-will  named  in  the  last  report  (£11,429),  and 
two  half-yearly  dividends  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent.,  amounting 
to    £27,298  128.     After   providing  for   these   payments   a   balance 


hJkSCABBlXB  InBUBAITCE  COMPANY.  189 

remained  of  £88,294  88.  6d.,  which  has  been  disposed  of  by  the 
payment,  on  the  American  account  already  named,  of  the  sum  of 
£28.756  4s.  5d.,  and  carrying  forward  to  next  account  the  sum  of 
£9,587  lOs. 

"The  general  funds  of  the  company  are  now  as  under:  Capital 
paid  up,  £272,986;  life  assurance  reserve  fund,  £891,686;  fire  insurance 
and  reserve  funds,  £400,000;  balance  carried  forward,  total,  £1,574,- 
210." 

The  directors  concluded  their  report  by  saying  that  some  months 
ago,  Mr.  George  Stewart  had  intimated,  on  account  of  the  state  of  his 
health,  his  desire  to  resign  his  position  as  general  manager  and  actuary 
of  the  company,  which  he  has  held  for  thirty-five  years,  and  at  the 
request  of  the  directors,  agreed  to  act  until  the  close  of  March  of  the 
present  year,  and  then  to  accept  a  seat  at  the  board.  The  directors 
had  not  only  anxiously  considered,  but  were  giving  constant  attention 
to  the  question  of  the  future  management  of  the  company,  and 
hoped  in  the  course  of  the  year  to  complete  arrangements  which  they 
trusted  would  not  only  ensure  its  increased  success,  but  be  satisfactory 
to  the  shareholders. 

The  difficulty  of  selecting  a  successor  for  a  position  so  important  as 
that  held  by  the  retiring  manager  was  happily  solved  soon  after  the 
annual  meeting,  by  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Digby  Johnson.  This 
gentleman  had  had  nearly  thirty  years  practical  experience  in  under- 
writing in  the  office  of  the  Royal.  He  entered  that  office  as  a  clerk 
and  rose  by  successive  grades  to  the  position  of  sub-manager  under 
Mr.  McLaren.  Ue  was  two  years  with  the  Guardian  of  London  as 
chief  of  its  foreign  department,  but  returned  to  the  Royal  and  there 
remained  until  he  was  called  to  the  management  of  the  Lancashire. 
Mr.  Charles  Povah  continues  under  Mr.  Johnson's  administration 
as  sub  manager  and  has  charge  of  the  life  department. 

In  the  year  1872,  the  company  established  a  United  States  depart- 
ment under  the  management  or  Joseph  L.  Lord  of  New  York.  The 
company  was  admitted  to  do  business  in  New  York,  June  24,  1872; 
Massachusetts,  August  12,  1872:  and  Illinois.  November  14,  1872. 
Pennsylvania,  Missouri,  Michigan,  and  Connecticut  were  entered  in 
1872,  and  Ohio  in  1878.  To-day  the  company  has  a  large  business 
connection  throughout  the  entire  United  States.  Soon  after  the  entry 
of  the  company  into  Massachusetts,  the  conflagration  of  1872  in  Boston 
occurred,  when  the  Lancashire  lost  about  $125,000.  Mr.  Lord's  man- 
agement continued  until  1877,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Henry  Rob- 
ertson, who  had  previously  been  connected  with  the  chief  office  of  the 
company  in  Manchester.  In  1880,  the  Scottish  Commercial  insurance 
company  of  Glasgow  amalgamated  with  the  Lancashire,  and  Edward 
Litchfield,  who  at  that  time  was  the  secretary  at  the  head  office  of  the 
Scottish  Commercial  at  Glasgow,  was  sent  over  to  America  as  the 
assistant  of  Mr.  Henry  Robertson.  In  1884,  Mr.  Robertson  resigned 
his  position  as  United  States  manager,  and  Mr.  Litchfield  was  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  him.  Mr.  George  Pritchard,  who  had  received  his 
training  in  the  chief  office  of  the  company  at  Manchester,  was  made 
sub-manager.  He  returned  to  England  in  1898,  and  his  duties  are  now 
performed  by  Mr.  Dan  Winslow, 


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140 


LiKK,  Jambs  N. 


In  July,  1886,  the  company  decided  to  appoint  United  States 
trustees,  and  the  gentlemen  who  were  selected  and  who  are  still  the 
United  States  trustees  of  the  companywere,  Donald  Mackay,  Cornelius 
N.  Bliss,  and  Horace  J.  Fairchild.  The  funds  in  their  hands  as  trus- 
tees at  present  amount  to  the  sum  of  $1,285,805,  which  is  in  addition 
to  the  company's  building,  No.  25  Pine  street,  which  stands  at  the 
cost  price  in  the  company's  books  of  $888,992.85. 

The  company  has  a  branch  office  in  Canada,  James  G.  Thompson, 
manager,  and  his  territory  includes  the  provinces  of  Ontario,  Quebec, 
Manitoba,  the  Northwestern  Territories,  and  British  Columbia.  In 
July.  1891,  Dan  Winslow  was  appointed  Assistant  United  States 
Manager.  Mr.  Winslow  received  his  training  in  the  Commercial 
Union  insurance  company.  P.  A.  Montgomery  of  Chicago  is  in 
charge  of  the  Western  field,  and  George  D.  Farr  is  assistant  manager. 
The  field  presided  over  by  Mr.  Montgomery  embraces  the  states  of  Illi- 
nois, Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Missouri, 
Kansas,  Colorado,  Arkansas,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Montana, 
and  Wyoming.  Major  Hutson  Lee  of  Charleston  is  the  general  agent 
for  North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Louisiana. 
The  appended  figures  will  show  how  the  business  of  the  Lancashire 
in  the  United  States  has  grown  since  its  establishment  here  in  1873: 


Year. 


Net  Cwh  Premium. 


Lomee  Paid. 


Total  AfiBcta. 


1878 

$840,690 

1873 

487,174 

1874 

558,496 

1875 

565,818 

1876 

499,660 

1877 

481,183 

1878 

662,386 

1879 

750,938 

1880 

937,110 

1881 

971,508 

1882 

1,048,463 

1883 

1,091,456 

18M 

1.074,504 

1885 

1,178,144 

1886 

1,175,887 

1887 

1,336,994 

1888 

1,319,928 

1889 

1.4'>4,983 

1890 

1,657,067 

1891 

2,804,298 

1893 

2,'nM,858 

$160,269 
369,832 

$368,207 
425,457 

166,771 

668,444 

836,023 

609,568 

801,767 

495.109 

288,880 

743,7»7 

806,175 

826,806 

610,854 

878,899 

598,097 

1,509,868 

679,974 

1,502,661 

733,461 

1,106,818 

766,488 

1,456,315 

753,079 

1.488.S8S 

734,249 

1,513,228 

705,216 

1,498,187 

909,782 

1,643,196 

897,893 

1,706,413 

996,800 

1,880,688 

l,0ft3,515 

8,010,319 

1,337,267 

2,901,893 

2,4r5,236 

8,894,758 

Lane,  I.  Bemsen,  president  of  the  Hanover  Fire  insurance  com- 
pany of  New  York,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1840.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  admitted  to  the  ofiSce  of  the  Hamilton  Fire 
of  New  York  as  a  junior  clerk.  In  1863  he  was  with  the  Williams- 
bureh  City  and  a  vear  later  joined  the  office  force  of  the  Hanover  Fire. 
In  August,  1866,  )lr.  Lane  was  appointed  secretary  and  in  December, 
1877,  was  promoted  to  the  vice  presidency.  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Wal- 
cott  in  1890,  be  succeeded  to  the  presidency. 

Lane,  James  N.,  home  office  manager  of  the  Palatine  and  United 
Fire  insurance  companies  of  Manchester,  England,  was  bom  in  £ng> 
laud  in  1841,  and  his  first  essay  at  insurance  was  in  the  office  of  the 


Legal  Dbcisionb  nv  1892.  141 

Royal.  He  was  afterwards  resident  secretary  of  the  Liverpool  and 
London  and  Globe  for  the  west  of  England  at  Bristol;  manager  of  the 
Mutual  of  Manchester  from  1877  to  1890;  and  has  been  the  manager  of 
the  United  Fire  of  Manchester  since  June,  1877,  and  of  the  Palatine 
since  its  formation  in  1886. 

■■^  Landers,  William  J.,  Pacific  coast  manager  of  the  Guardian  of 
London,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  1851.  He  engaged  in  the 
insurance  business  in  San  Francisco  in  1869  as  office  boy  and  clerk,  and 
from  1871  to  1876  was  counter  clerk  and  adjuster  for  the  Imperial.  In 
1879  he  received  the  appointment  of  general  a^ent  for  the  Guardian. 
He  is  president  of  a  gaslight  company  and  vice-president  of  a  street 
railway  company,  and  is  largely  interested  in  California  real  estate. 

Latoii,  Charles  A.,  manager  for  the  Palatine  of  Manchester  for 
the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  in  New  York  city  March  15,  1838.  He 
emigrated  to  California  in  1856,  and  has  been  engaged  in  quartz  min- 
ing, banking,  and  insurance  ever  since.  He  was  appointed  local  agent 
in  1858  and  1859  for  the  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  insurance 
company  at  Grass  Valley.  In  1866  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
marine  department  of  the  Pacific  insurance  company;  in  1868  became 
general  agent  at  Chicago  for  the  Western  department  of  the  Pacific,  * 
and  in  1875  secretary  of  the  Commercial  of  San  Francisco.  Mr.  Laton 
has  held  the  general  agency  for  several  eastern  companies  on  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Law,  iDsaranoe.    [See  Legal  Decisions  and  Legislation.] 

Lawyers  Surety  Company  of  New  York,  incorporated  in  Jan- 
uary, 1892,  to  do  the  business  of  surety  on  bonds  required  by  law  to 
be  given  by  corporations  or  individuals  in  judicial  proceedings,  elected 
Jo^  B.  Erhardt,  president,  and  Frederick  F.  Nugent,  second  vice- 
president  and  manager. 

Lee.  Hatson,  general  agent  of  the  southeastern  department  of  the 
Lancashire,  was  born  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  March  4, 18{$4.  His  boyhood 
was  passed  on  an  Alabama  plantation  and  his  education  was  at  the 
South  Carolina  college.  The  civil  war  came  on  soon  after  his  gradua- 
tion and  he  went  into  the  Confederate  army  as  an  orderly -servant  and 
was  mustered  out  with  the  rank  of  major.  He  entered  the  insurance 
business  in  his  native  state,  representing  various  companies  until  his 
connection  with  the  Lancashire  in  1878.  Maior  Lee  was  twice  presi- 
dent of  the  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the  South. 

Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Insurance  in  1892.  Under  the  sub- 
heads of  "Accident  Insurance,"  "Assessment,  Life,  and  Fraternal 
Benefit  Insurance,"  "Fire  Insurance,"  "Life  Insurance,"  "Marine 
Insurance,"  and  "Miscellaneous"  will  be  found  the  most  important 
decisions  of  the  higher  courts  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  various 
states  during  the  year  1892.  Space  will  not  permit  the  repetition  of 
the  same  cases  under  different  heads,  and  for  that  reason,  if  all  cases 
bearing  on  a  point  are  to  be  reached,  it  will  be  necessary  in  some  in- 
stances to  refer  to  several  heads.  For  example,  there  may  be  good  cases 
on  "  application,"  under  that  head,  in  either  of  the  subdivisions  given 
above.    [See  Anti-Rebate.] 


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143  Legal  DbcsKionb  »  1892. 

AOOIDENT  INSURANOB. 
Applieatum. — A  companj  cannot  escape  liability  on  the  ground 
that  the  insured,  who  was  deaf,  sifi^ned  an  application  stating  that  be 
was  not  subject  to  any  bodily  infirmitpr,  where  it  appeared  that  the 
company's  agent  who  took  the  application  had  full  knowledge  of  the 
physical  condition  of  the  insured. —  Follett  v.  U.  S.  Mut.  Ace.  Assn. 
(N.  C.  8.  C).  14  8.  B.,  923. 

Where  the  policy  promised  a  certain  sum  for  the  loss  of  both  eyes 
and  the  applicant  was  a  one-eyed  man.  that  fact  bcin^  known  to  the 
company's  agent,  it  was  held,  that  the  insured  was  entitled  to  recover 
for  the  loss  of  both  eyes.  (Bawden  v.  London,  Edinburgh,  and  Glas- 
gow Ins.  Co.,  11  Queen's  Bench  Division,  Law  Reports,  534. 

Construction  of  Contract. —  Insured  was  a  "capitalist  by  occupa- 
tion" and  the  policy  covered  ''bodily  injuries  causing  total  disable- 
ment from  transacting  every  kind  of  business  pertaining  to  his  occu- 
pation above  stated."  Held,  that  total  disablement  from  transacting 
any  business  came  within  the  terms  of  the  policy.* 

Duration  of  Risk. —  A  policy  insuring  a  person  against  accident 
**  for  twelve  calendar  months  from  Nov.  24,  1^7,"  will  include  an  ac- 
,  cident  happening  Nov.  24,  1888.* 

External,  Violent,  and  Accidental  Means. —  A  policy  insuring  against 
death  and  other  injuries  resulting  from  "external,  violent,  and  acci- 
dental means,"  covers  death  resulting  from  asphyxia  consequent  upon 
descending  into  a  well  to  repair  a  puAip;*  death  by  stumbling  or  fall- 
ing against  a  locomotive,^  and  death  from  an  overdose  of  laudanum 
taken  by  mistake.* 

InsuraTice  of  Railroad  Employes. —  Where  the  company  insured 
employes  of  a  railroad  against  accidents  while  in  the  discharge  of 
duty  and  in  the  service  of  the  railroad.  Held,  that  an  employe  who, 
fifteen  minutes  after  having  quit  work  for  the  day  and  while  going 
home  from  work,  was  killed  by  the  cars  while  crossing  the  tracks, 
was  discharging  his  duty  and  in  the  service  of  the  company  within  the 
meaning  of  the  policy.* 

Etceptions  of  Policy.  —The  fact  that  a  policy  insures  a  person  with 
reference  to  a  particular  employment  and  provides  that  the  insurer 
shall  be  exempt  from  liability  for  injuries  resulting  from  a  violation  of 
the  rules  of  such  employment,  does  not  impose  on  the  insurer  the  duty 
of  informing  the  assured  as  to  the  existence  of  such  rules,  but  the  as- 
sured is  bound  to  inform  himself.'^ 

Under  a  policy  which  exempts  the  company  from  liability  in  case 
of  death  caused  by  inhaling  gas,  recovery  cannot  be  had  in  case  of 
death  caused  by  the  inhalation  of  illuminating  gas,  where  it  is  uncer- 
tain whether  death  was  the  result  of  an  accident  or  of  suicide.^ 


»  Bean  r.  Travolore  Inn.  Co.,  W  Oal..  581. 

'  South  StaflFimlHhIre  Tramways  v.  Sickness  &  Ace.  Awnr.  Afisn.,  12  B.,  40S. 

»  Pickett  f).  Pec.  Mut.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  144  Pa.  St.  7^,  28  W.  N.  C,  453. 

*  Equitable  Ace.  Ini*.  Co.  r.  OHbom  (Ala.),  9  So.,  8C9. 

*  Mut.  Ace.  Akku.  r.  Tuffglo,  39  III.  App.,  609. 

*  Kinney  r.  Halt.  &  O.  Kmployt»«'  Relief  Ambh.,  36  W.  Va.,  385. 
T  Standard  Life  A  Ace.  Inp.  Co.  r.  Joneet  (Ala.),  10  So.,  630. 

»  Richardson  v.  Travelers  lus.  Co.  (Cir.  Ct.),  46  F.,  843. 


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Legal  Decisions  in  1892.  148 

JFHghiing, —  If  both  parties  engage  willingly  in  a  personal  encounter 
it  is  a  fight,  and  death  resulting  therefrom  is  not  covered  by  a  policy 
which  excepts  from  the  risk  death  or  injury  caused  by  fighting,  and  it 
makes  no  difference  in  such  a  case  whether  the  slayer  was  sane  or  in- 
sane.* 

Ii\furie$  Occurring  vohile  Vidating  Law.—  A  person  who  walks  from 
one  town  to  another  on  Sunday  for  the  purpose  of  hunting,  violates  a 
law  of  Vermont,  and  an  injury  received  while  returning  home  is  not 
covered  by  an  accident  insurance  policy,  exempting  the  company 
from  liability  where  a  violation  of  law  is  the  act,  cause,  or  condition, 
wholly  or  partly,  producing  the  injury.*® 

IrUoxicaiion. —  A  provision  in  an  accident  policy  exempting  the  in- 
surer from  liability  for  any  injury  which  might  happen  to  the  assured 
while  intoxicated,  is  sufficient,  whether  the  intoxication  contributed  to 
the  injury  or  not." 

Notice  of  AceidenU — A  condition  of  a  policy  requiring  immediate 
notice  of  the  accident,  is  satisfied  by  notice  given  with  due  diligence 
in  view  of  all  the  circumstances;  the  question  of  due  diligence  being 
for  the  jury." 

Liability  for  Death  Caused  by  ZHseoM.—  Where  the  policy  insured 
against  death  by  external,  violent,  or  accidental  means,  and  excepted 
cases  in  which  there  was  no  visible  sign  of  bodilj[  injury,  or  where 
death  occurred  in  consequence  of  disease,  or  in  which  the  injury  was 
not  the  proximate  cause,  such  a  provision  does  not  exempt  the  insurer 
from  liability  where  death  resulted  from  peritonitis  occasioned  bjr 
a  fall;  and  this  even  though  the  insured  had  previously  had  peri- 
tonitis.»» 

In  an  action  on  an  accident  policy  it  was  shown  that  deceased  had 
a  fall  of  the  effects  of  which  he  complained  for  several  days,  and 
then  fell  sick  and  died.  His  physicians  testified  that  he  died  of 
typhoid  fever  and  that  this  disease  was  never  produced  by  a  bruise. 
An  experienced  nurse  testified  that  he  did  not  have  typhoid  fever. 
Held,  that  the  evidence  was  sufficient  to  support  a  verdict  that  the 
death  was  the  result  of  the  accident.*^ 

Where  death  resulted  from  blood  poisoning  occasioned  by  the  in- 
oculation of  some  poisonous  substance  into  a  wound,  at  or  soon  after 
the  time  the  wound  was  made.  Held,  that  where  the  inoculation  oc- 
curred at  the  time  the  wound  was  made,  and  was  a  part  of  the  acci- 
dent, such  accident  was  the  proximate  cause  of  death,  though  blood 
poisoning  ensued.*^ 

Heeovery, —  One  cannot  recover  under  an  accident  insurance  policy 
for  the  loss  of  a  foot,  where  by  reason  of  an  injury  to  his  back,  he  is 
deprived  of  the  use  of  his  leg,  except  when  wearing  an  artificial  sup- 
port for  his  body." 

•  Qreeham  v.  Equitable  Life  &  Ace.  Ins.  Co.,  87  Ga.,  497. 
»"  Duran  v.  Standard  Life  and  Ace.  Ins.  Co.,  63  Vt.,  487. 
"  Standard  Life  and  Ace.  Ine.  Co.  v.  Jone«  (Ala.),  10  So.,  580. 
"  ManufactnnTB'  Ace.  Indemnity  Co.  v.  Fletcher,  6  Ohio  Cir.  Ct.  R.,  688. 
»■  Freeman  v.  Mercantile  Mut.  Ace.  Ahwi.  (Maxn.),  80  N.  E.,  1013. 
"  Standanl  Life  and  Ace.  Inn.  Co.  v.  Thomas  (Ky.),  17  S.  W.,  275. 
>»  Martin  ».  Equitable  Ace.  Aeen.,  61  Hun.,  467. 

»•  Stevcr  r.  Peoples'  Mut.  Ace.  Ins.  Co.,  150  Pa.  St.,  132.  ^  j 

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144  Lboal  Dbcuionb  in  1882. 

Where  the  insurance  under  an  accident  policy  is  a  sum  certain, 
provided  the  assured  *'recoyerno  more  than  the  money  value  of  his 
time,"  the  indemnity  covers  all  loss  hy  injury  insured  against  includ- 
ing the  value  of  his  time  outside  at  his  regular  employment." 

Where  the  policy  recites  that  plaintiff  is  by  occupation  "  a  local 
fireman,  under  classification  engineers,"  a  provision  that  he  should 
have  $10  a  week  for  thirty  weeks  continuous  and  total  loss  "of  such 
business  time "  as  might  result  from  such  injuries,  refers  only  to  his 
occupation  as  fireman.*^ 

Time  of  Death, —  Where  an  accident  policy  provided  for  payment 
of  death  claims  only  when  death  occurred  within  ninety  days  after  the 
accident,  and  where  the  wife  of  the  insured  had  written  to  the  com- 
pany before  his  death  claiming  indemnity  for  loss  of  time  and  stating 
that  the  accident  occurred  a  week  before  it  actually  occurred,  this 
letter  did  not  conclude  the  beneficiary  from  showing  the  actual  time 
of  the  accident.  ^* 

Vimble  Signs  of  Bodily  Injury, —  In  an  action  on  an  accident  policy, 
an  instruction  that  there  must  have  been  visible  signs  of  injury  effected 
through  external,  violent,  or  accidental  means,  and  that  such  injury 
must  alone  have  occasioned  death,  was  held  to  be  sufficiently  favor- 
able to  the  insurer.*^ 

Where  plaintiff's  injury  was  a  strain  and  was  not  externally  visible 
until  a  short  time  after  the  accident,  he  was  entitled  to  recover.'* 

Voluntary  Exposure  to  Danger. —  Where  one  who  is  running  rap- 
idly towards  an  approaching  train  for  the  purpose  of  getting  the  mail 
bags,  stumbles  and  falls  against  the  engine,  the  injury  is  clearly  not 
''  intentional "  within  the  exception  of  an  insurance  policy,  nor  can  it 
be  construed  as  "  walking  or  being  on  a  railroad  track,"  or  of  "  volun- 
tary exposure  to  unnecessary  danger,"  within  the  meaning  of  other 
exceptions.^' 

Waiver. —  Where  a  policy  required  notice  of  death  to  be  given 
within  five  days,  a  failure  so  to  do  would  work  a  forfeiture  unless  de- 
fendant waived  notice.  Where  there  was  evidence  of  such  waiver, 
upon  which  the  defendant  was  entitled  to  go  to  the  jury,  had  a  request 
been  made,  and  defendant  failed  to  make  such  request,  there  is  no 
ground  to  complain  of  the  court's  decision."* 

A  clause  in  an  accident  policy  avoiding  it  if  death  result  from 
suicide  (sane  or  insane)  includes  self-destruction  irrespective  of  the  as- 
sured's  mental  condition  at  the  time  of  the  act,  and  the  court  will  not 
attempt  to  measure  the  degrees  of  insanity.'^ 


»'  Bean  v.  Travelers  Ins.  Co.,  94  Cal.,  581. 

>  9  Pennington  v.  Pacific  Miit.  Life  Ins.  Co,  (Towa),  52  N.  W.,  482. 

»»  Americiin  Ace.  Ins.  Co.  r.  Norment  (Tenn.),  18  8.  W.,  385. 

«o  Freeman  r.  Mercantile  Mut.  Ace.  Asnn.  (Mans.),  80  N.  E.,  1013. 

'^  Pennington  v.  Pacific  Mut.  Life  Iiib.  Co.,  auiti'at  18. 

'*  Equitable  Ace.  Inn.  Co.  v.  Oeborii,  (tupra^  4. 

«»  Martin  v.  Equitable  Ace.  Annn.,  16  N.  Y.  Supplement,  279. 

a*  Billings  v.  Ace.  Ine».  Co.  of  North  America  (Vt.  S.  C),  24  A.,  666. 

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Legal  Decisions  nr  1892.  145 

AS8B88MBNT  OB  NATURAL  PBEMIX7M  LIFE  AND  FBATBBNAL 
BENEFIT  INSUEANCB. 

Ammdmeni  and  ChngtrucUan  of  By-LatM,^  A  by-law  of  a  mutual 
benefit  society  adopted  after  the  issue  of  a  certificate  does  not  modify 
the  contract  of  insurance  without  the  express  consent  of  the  member.* 

Where  the  constitution  provides  that  a  majority  of  the  members 
may  amend  the  by-laws  at  the  annual  meeting,  on  notice,  the  presence 
of  a  member  by  proxy,  in  the  absence  of  proof  of  notice,  is  not 
sufiScient  to  make  a  change  in  the  by-laws  binding  upon  such  mem- 
ber.' 

An  amendment  to  the  by-laws  requiring  that  each  member  should 
designate  the  beneficiary  of  his  policy,  who  should  in  each  instance 
*'  be  a  member  of  his  family,  a  blood  relation  or  a  person  dependent 
upon  him,"  was  held  not  to  be  retroactive  and  did  not  require  the  sub- 
stitution of  such  relative  for  the  person  previously  designated  as 
beneficiary.' 

AMessments.  An  association  has  no  x>ower,  in  the  absence  of  a  pro- 
vision therefor  in  its  policies  or  rules,  to  charge  a  member  with  an 
assessment  made  or  for  losses  arising  before  he  became  &  member.^ 

An  assessment  may  be  ordered  by  a  receiver,  by  authority  of  the 
court,  in  proceedings  for  the  involuntary  dissolution  of  an  association, 
and  the  non-payment  of  such  assessment  will  operate  as  a  forfeiture.' 

Where  the  rules  require  payment  of  assessments  within  80  days 
after  date  of  notice,  on  penalty  of  forfeiture,  and  plaintiff  through  no 
fault  of  his  did  not  receive  such  notice  until  after  the  expiration  of  80 
days,  it  was  held  that  the  notice  did  not  work  a  forfeiture.' 

A  particular  method  of  notice  of  assessments  having  been  agreed 
upon  and  made  a  part  of  the  charter,  is  binding  on  all  members.'' 

Where  the  laws  of  an  association  require  that  assessments  shall  be 
paid  within  a  certain  number  of  days  from  the  date  of  notice  thereof, 
the  date  will  be  taken  to  mean  the  date  it  is  delivered  or  received,  and 
not  the  date  written  in  the  notice  or  the  day  it  is  mailed.^ 

Before  a  policy  can  be  forfeited  the  company  must  show  that  the 
member  had  actual  notice,  even  where  the  by-laws  provided  that  notice 
should  be  given  by  publication  in  one  or  more  newspapers.' 

The  certificate  is  not  forfeited  for  non-payment  of  assessments 
unless  the  notice  stated,  as  required  by  law,  that  unless  it  was  paid 
the  certificate  would  be  forfeited.'** 

Where  noMce  has  been  sent  by  mail  in  accordance  with  the  rules 
of  the  association,  it  will  be  presumed,  in  the  absence  of  proof  to  the 
contrary,  that  it  has  been  received.'* 

>  Grand  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W.  v.  Satcr,  U  Mo.  App.,  445. 

»  Metropolitan  Safety  Fund  Ace.  Ase'n  v.  Winaover,  87  III.  App.,  170. 

»  WlBt.  V.  Grand  LoiSgc  A.  O.  U.  W.  (Or.).  29  P.,  610. 

*  ETarte  r.  U.  8.  Mut.  Ace.  Asm..  16  N.  Y.  S.,  27. 

^  Inn  Equitable  Reaerve  Fund  Life  Awn.,  16  N.  Y.  S.,  80. 

«  Merriman  v.  Keystone  Mut.  Ben.  AsHn.,  18  N.  Y.  8.,  :«5. 

"*  MaginnU  Estate  v.  New  Orleans  Cotton  Exchange,  43  La.  Ann.,  1136. 

»  Grand  Lodge  HI.,  Ind.  Order  of  Mutual  Aid  v.  Besterfleld,  37  HI.  App.,  522. 

•  Schmidt  v.  German  Mut.  Inn.  Co.  of  Indiana,  30  N.  E.,  039. 
!•  Elmer  0.  Mut.  Ben.  Life  Assn.  of  America,  19  N.  Y.  8.,  289. 
»»  Benedict  p.  Grand  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W.,  51  N.  W.,  371. 


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146  Lboal  DBomoNB  m  1892. 

The  appropriation  of  a  pa3riDent  of  an  overdue  assessment  by  an 
association  to  a  later  assessment  is  a  waiver  of  a  forfeiture.'* 

Where  an  association  makes  an  assessment  on  a  member,  it  waives 
the  right  to  claim  a  forfeiture  for  failure  to  pay  an  assessment  previ- 
ously due." 

Conditions  and  Benefleiarie$, —  While  the  certificate  of  membership 
contains  the  contract  of  insurance,  yet  the  same  is  governed  by  the 
charter  and  by-laws  of  the  association,  and  the  statutes  of  the  8tate  of 
itsdomicil.'^ 

Where  the  by-laws  provided  that  a  change  in  beneficiariea  could 
only  be  made  by  authorizing  such  change  on  the  back  of  the  certificate, 
attested  by  an  officer  of  the  society,  one  of  the  members  just  before 
his  death,  having  lost  his  certificate,  executed  a  will  bequeathing  the 
benefit  money  to  the  person  intended  to  be  substituted.  It  was  held 
that  a  court  of  equity  should  recognize  the  will  as  a  valid  designation 
of  a  new  beneficiary. '^ 

Where  the  original  beneficiary  died  before  the  member,  it  was  corn- 
petent  for  him,  in  the  absence  of  any  express  rule  to  the  contrary,  to 
make  a  will  bequeathing  the  benefit  money.** 

The  beneficiary  has  no  vested  right  in  the  certificate  before 
the  death  of  the  member,  and  the  right  of  the  member  to  change  the 
beneficiary  is  not  affected  by  the  fact  that  the  beneficiary  has  paid  the 
assessments,  and  has  the  certificate  in  his  possession." 

Where  the  constitution  provides  that  the  insurance  shall  be  paid  to 
the  heirs  of  the  member,  should  the  beneficiary  named  in  the  policy 
die  before  the  member,  the  instantaneous  death  of  the  member  and 
the  beneficiary  renders  the  latter  as  incapable  of  taking  the  benefit  as 
if  he  had  died  first,  and  the  member's  heirs  are  entitled  thereto.'^ 

Where  the  rules  of  an  association  provide  that  change  of  benefici- 
aries shall  be  made  by  members  only,  and  shall  be  confined  to  the 
widow,  orphans,  heirs,  and  devisees  of  the  member,  an  assignment  of 
a  certificate  made  by  the  beneficiary  in  the  lifetime  of  the  assured  is 
invalid.** 

Where  the  by-laws  provide  that  the  beneficiaries  shall  be  related  to 
the  insured  it  has  been  held  the  phrase  "  related  to.''  includes  the  wife 
of  a  member's  grand  nephew.*^  Also  that  a  son  is  a  relative  of  his 
step-father,  after  his  own  mother's  death.** 

Where  an  association  in  its  certificate  agrees  to  pay  the  benefit 
money  to  the  devisees  of  the  member,  or  in  the  event  of  their  prior 
death,  to  the  legal  heirs  or  devisees  of  the  certificate  holder,  the  asso- 
ciation is  obligated,  in  case  the  member  dies  intestate,  to  pay  the 
money  to  the  heirs  of  the  member.** 

i«  Mot.  Safety  Fund  Ace.  Ahph.  v.  Windover,  37  111.  App.,  170. 
>■  Elmer  r.  Mnt.  Ben.  Life  Asem.  of  America,  tntpra^  10. 
»*  In  re  Glo})e  Mot.  Ben.  Assn.,  17  N.  Y.  8.,  852. 
i»  Grand  I^)dpe  A.  O.  U.  W.  v.  Noll,  61  N.  W.,  2fl8. 
>•  Masonic  Ben.  Assn.  of  Central  111.  v.  Bnnch,  19  S.  W.,  25. 

»7  MaFonic  Ben.  A^sn.  of  Central  111.  v.  Bunch,  19  S.  W.  and  Mix  tJ.  Donovan.  18 
N.Y.  S.,4iJ6. 

»»  Paden  r.  Briscoe,  81  Tex.,  563. 

»»  NorthwcKtern  Mn.'ionic  Aid  Awn.  v.  Marshall,  10  Pa.  Co  Ct.  R.,  2Tt). 


2»  Bonnet  t.  Van  Kipiwr.  47  N.  J.  Ko..  563. 

a"  Heincoke  r.  Grand  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W.  of  Iowa,  51  N.  W.,  a 

«2  Covenant  Mat.  Ben.  Aean.  v.  Sears,  89  N.  E.,  480. 


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Legal  Dbcibions  in  1892.  147 

A  member  of  a  benefit  Bociety  whose  certificate  designated  his 
daughter  as  a  beneficiary,  added  the  words  "and  my  wife/'  immedi- 
ately after  his  second  marriage.  The  laws  of  the  society  provided  that 
beneficiaries  should  be  changed  by  surrendering  the  certificate,  where- 
upon the  society  should  issue  a  new  certificate,  payable  to  the  person 
or  persons  designated.  Held,  that  the  designation  of  the  wife  was 
invalid.** 

Where  the  certificate  Is  void  if  the  beneficiary  is  not  the  natural 
heir  of  a  member,  but  the  society  continues  to  collect  assessments  with 
full  knowledge  that  the  beneficiary  is  not  such  natural  heir,  it  is  a 
waiver  of  the  condition  and  the  certificate  is  valid." 

Where  a  company  consents  to  an  assignment  of  the  policy,  it  is 
estopped  from  saying  the  policy  is  void  under  a  by-law  providing  that 
the  beneficiary  must  be  a  husband,  wife,  family,  heirs,  legal  assignee 
or  creditor  of  the  assured.*^ 

Wliere  the  rules  provide  that  the  beneficiary  may  be  changed  at 
the  will  of  the  assured,  the  fact  that  the  beneficiary  has  no  pecuniarjir  in- 
terest in  the  life  insured  does  not  render  the  contract  void  as  against 
public  policy.** 

The  ri^ht  of  the  insured,  reserved  in  a  policy,  to  change  the  bene- 
ficiary, will  not  be  affected  by  the  fact  that  such  reservation  is  not 
contained  in  the  application.*'^ 

Where  a  member  of  a  benefit  society  stops  paying  his  dues,  sep- 
arates from  his  family  and  is  divorced,  and  his  wife  pays  the  dues  on 
behalf  of  their  children,  the  beneficiaries,  he  cannot  afterwards  change 
the  beneficiaries,  and  the  children,  at  his  death,  are  entitled  to  the 
fund.*8 

Ei^nUiion, — An  action  cannot  be  brought  to  recover  damages  for 
illegal  expulsion  from  a  benefit  society,  since  mandamus  lies  to  compel 
reinstatement,  by  waiving  which  remedy  and  suing  for  damages,  the 
expulsion  is  recognized  as  legal,  and  because  the  elements  of  damage 
are  too  uncertain,  and  because  such  societies  ordinarily  have  no  funds 
except  such  as  are  held  in  trust  for  their  members.^* 

MiBmberthip.—  Deceased  applied  for  membership  in  the  Knights  of 
Honor.  His  proposition  fee  was  paid.  He  was  recommended  by  the 
medical  examiner,  and  he  was  elected,  but  died  two  diws  later.  The 
rules  required  that  an  applicant  should  present  himself  for  initiation 
within  a  certain  time  or  forfeit  his  election,  and  the  application  con> 
tained  an  agreement  that  the  payment  of  the  proposition  fee  should 
not  constitute  membership  unless  the  applicant  were  elected  and  initi- 
ated.    Held,  that  deceased  was  not  a  member  of  the  lodge. '^ 

Hypothecation  of  a  membership  in  the  New  York  Cotton  Ex- 
change, with  power  to  transfer  the  same,  which  is  not  exercised,  is 
not  such  a  sale  of  membership  as  will  relieve  the  Exchange  from 
liability  on  the  member's  death. "' 

"  ThomaB  v.  Thomaa,  131  N.  Y.,  205. 

3«  Lindeey  v.  WeHtcrn  Mut.  Aid  Society  (Iowa),  60  N.  W.,  29. 

"  Smith  V.  Peoples'  Mut.  Ben.  Soc.,  19  N.  Y.  8.,  488. 

»•  Ingereoll  ».  Knigble  of  Golden  Kule  (Cir.  Ct.),  47  Fed.,  272. 

"  Hopkins  v.  Hopkina  (Ky.),  17  S.  W.,  864. 

2"  Tudor  v.  Tudor  (Oliio  Com.  PI.).  26  Weekly  Law  Bui.,  368. 

«•  Lavalle  v.  Sociele  8t.  Jean  Bapliste  de  Woonsocket  (R.  I.),  24  A.,  467. 

*»  Matkhi  V.  Sap.  Lodse  Knighte  of  Honor  (Tex.  Sup.),  82  Tex.,  301. 

•»  piUlngham  v.  N.  YT  Cotton  Exchange  (Chr.  Ct.),  49  Fed.,  719,  GoOqIc 


148  Lboal  DsciaiONs  ur  1892. 

Where  a  member  of  a  benefit  association  continues  to  pay  his 
assessments  for  more  than  three  years  after  notice  that  the  classUlcatton 
of  his  membership  has  been  changed,  he  is  deemed  to  have  assented  to 
the  change,  and  cannot  rescind  the  contract.'* 

Where  a  member  pays  assessments  made  by  the  grand  lodge  under 
orders  of  the  supreme  lodge,  he  waives  any  right  he  may  have  had  to 
object  to  the  changed  basis  of  assessment.** 

A  person  becoming  a  member  of  a  mutual  benefit  society  will  be 
bound  by  its  laws  and  cannot  resort  to  the  courts  for  relief  against 
acts  done  in  pursuance  of  its  regulations,  unless  his  property  or  con- 
tract rights  are  thereby  invaded  or  disregarded.*^ 

Payment  of  Clainu. — Where  the  claim  was  not  satisfied  by  the  pay- 
ment of  the  death  fund  on  hand,  it  was  held  that  the  assessments  made 
to  meet  it  should  be  appropriated  to  the  full  satisfaction  thereof.*^ 

The  obligation  of  a  mutual  benefit  compan;^  to  levy  an  assessment 
on  a  member's  death,  may  be  enforced  by  a  suit  in  equity  for  specific 
performance.** 

On  the  involuntary  dissolution  of  a  benefit  association,  a  death 
claim,  accruing  after  the  dissolution,  is  not  entitled  to  participate  in 
the  distribution  of  the  death  fund  among  claims  which  accrued  prior 
to  the  dissolution.*^  And  where  a  death  claim  accrued  and  assess- 
ments were  levied  prior  to  the  dissolution,  but  payment  of  the  claim 
was  unreasonably  delayed,  it  was  held  that  such  amount  must  be  used 
by  the  receiver  m  payment  of  the  claim  for  which  it  was  levied.*^ 
The  reserve  fund  is  liable  for  the  payment  of  death  claims,  after  dis- 
solution, where  the  death  fund  is  insufiQcient.'^ 

After  suit  had  been  begun  to  dissolve  company,  an  assessment  was 
ordered  by  the  court.  Held,  that  those  who  paid  such  assessment 
were  entitled  to  be  repaid  in  full  out  of  the  reserve  fund,  and  that  the 
balance  of  the  reserve  fund  should  be  divided  pro  rata  among  those 
members  who  had  paid  all  assessments  up  to  the  commencement  of  the 
suit.  The  time  at  which  to  determine  which  members  were  to  diare 
in  the  reserve  fund  and  which  in  the  death  fund,  is  the  date  of  the 
commencement  of  the  suit  and  not  the  date  of  the  decree  of  dissolu- 
tion.** 

Pfftoer  to  inaure  Infani%. —  Under  the  laws  of  New  York,  providing 
for  the  incorporation  of  cooperative  insurance  associations,  the  funda- 
mental principle  of  their  creation  is  a  mutual  contract  obligation ;  and 
hence  they  have  no  power  to  insure  infants,  for  infants  cannot  eon- 
tract.** 

Superman  and  Reinstatement. —  Where  a  member  dies  while  under 
suspension  for  non-payment  of  dues  or  assessments,  the  beneficiary 
cannot  recover  unless  the  association  is  eslop|>cd  by  its  own  acts  or 
has  waived  the  effects  of  the  suspension.'*^ 

"  Margut  c.  IJiiited  Brethren  Mat.  Aid  Soc.  (Pa.  Sup.),  88  A.,  896. 

»»  Steuve  V.  Grand  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W.,  5  Ohio  Cir.  Cx,  471. 

'<  Sleuve  V.  Grand  Lodge,  supra^  33. 

»»  Wadeworth  v.  JcwellcrB  o.  Tradeemen'B  Co.  of  N.  Y.,  182  N.  Y.,540. 

««  Covenant  Mut.  Ben.  Am^n.  v.  Sears,  mpra^  28. 

»'  In  re  Equitable  Reserve  P\ind  Life  Assn.,  61  Hun.,  299. 

*^  Jnre  Equitable  Iteserve  Fund,  181  N.  Y.,  3W. 

»»  In  re  Globe  Mut.  Ben.  Asan.,  63  Hun.,  a63. 

40  Maginniu  Est.  v.  Mew  Orleans  Cotton  Exchange,  43  La.  Ajm^llSS. 

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LbGAL  DlECISIONS  IN  189^.  149 

Where  the  by-laws  required  that  members  should  pay  assessments 
before  the  first  day  of  the  following  month  after  receiving  notice,  and 
that  on  failure  so  to  do  the  member  should  be  suspended,  and  that 
notice  of  such  suspension  should  be  mailed  to  him.  Held,  that  where 
the  officer  failed  to  mail  such  notice  and  the  association  made  subse- 
quent assessments  on  him  and  treated  him  as  a  member,  be  could  not 
be  considered  suspended  at  the  time  of  his  death. '^^ 

Where  the  rules  provide  that  a  suspended  member  may  be  re- 
instated by  payment  of  assessments  on  passing  a  medical  examination, 
showing  him  to  be  in  good  health,  a  tender  of  dues  by  a  person  on  his 
sick  bed  on  the  day  of  his  death  is  ineffectual.^* 

Where  a  member  was  suspended  at  the  time  of  his  death,  he  can- 
not be  reinstated  by  the  payment  of  the  sum  due  the  company, 
though  the  period  has  not  expired  in  which  he  could  be  reinstated,  if 
alive.^ 

Where  a  member  was  reinstated  and  a  receipt  given  for  dues 
which  states  that  the  member  was  re-instated  on  condition  that  she 
was  in  good  health  **  free  from  all  diseases,  infirmities,  or  weaknesses," 
it  appeared  that  her.  health  had  been  affected  about  a  year  before  Ihe 
forfeiture  b^  the  decline  of  old  age,  but  that  she  was  subject  to  no 
disease.  Held,  that  the  evidence  failed  to  show  that  the  condition  of 
the  receipt  was  not  fulfilled.** 

A  condition  precedent  to  re  instatement  was  that  the  applicant 
should  furnish  a  new  and  " satisfactory"  application  and  medical  ex- 
amination. Hdd,  that  the  satisfactoriness  of  the  application  was  to 
be  determined  by  the  medical  examiner  of  the  association.*^ 

The  receipt  of  dues  from  a  suspended  member,  and  a  letter  from 
the  association  informing  him  that  the  association  had  reinstated  bim 
provided  that  he  was  in  his  usual  good  health  when  the  dues  were 
paid,  does  not  amount  to  waiver  when  the  insured  was  fatally  ill  at 
the  time  of  payment.** 

Mi9ceUameau$.—»Y(\ietk  the  insured  suppresses  in  his  application 
the  fact  of  existence  of  other  insurance  on  his  life,  in  violation  of  a 
condition  of  the  policy,  it  will  be  conclusively  presumed  that  the  sup- 
pression was  intentional.*^ 

A  policy  may  be  assigned  on  the  Company's  refusal  to  pay,  or 
furnish  blanks  with  which  to  make  proofs  of  loss,  nothing  in  the 
policy  prohibiting  such  assignment.  Where  the  Union  refused  to 
furnish  blanks  on  the  ground  that  the  policy  had  become  void  for  non- 
payment of  a  premium.    Held,  a  waiver  of  proof  of  loss.*^ 

Where  the  by-laws  placed  no  limitation  on  the  class  of  persons  to 
whom  certificates  should  be  payable.  Held,  that  the  beneficiary  need 
not  have  an  insurable  interest  in  the  life  of  the  assured.** 


«>  Modem  Woodmen  of  America  v.  Jameson  (Kan.),  80  P.,  460. 

«•  Sherret  v.  Boval  Clan  of  Order  of  Scottish  Clans,  37  111.  App.,  44( 

**  Modem  Woodmen  of  America  v.  Jameson,  supra^  41. 

««  Griesa  v.  Mass.  Benefit  Assn.,  188  N.  Y.,  610. 

**  Qraveson  v.  Cincinnati  Life  Aasn.,  26  Weekly  Law  Bal.,  188. 

*•  Oarbnt  v.  CtUzens  Life  Association,  61  N.  W.,  148. 

*">  Stndwell  v.  Mnt.  Benefit  Life  Assn.  of  America,  19  N.  Y.  S.,  709. 

«•  Meagher  v.  Ufe  Unlon,^  N.  Y.  S.,  %47. 

♦•  Sabfi  V.  Phhiney  (N.  Y.  C.  A.),  81  N.  E.,  1087. 


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150  Lboal  DscmoNd  in  189d. 

The  fact  that,  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  the  member,  the  societj 
was  indebted  to  the  assured  for  a  salary  in  a  greater  amount  than  that 
due  for  assessments,  did  not  require  the  society  to  apply  the  debt  to 
the  assessment.^*' 

There  must  be  actual  notice  of  death  of  a  member  before  certificates 
can  be  forfeited  for  nonpayment  of  assessments.'^ 

In  the  absence  of  any  rule  to  the  contrary,  payment*  of  overdue 
assessments  may  be  male  by  the  beneficiary." 

Where  an  insurance  company  does  nothing  to  induce  delay  in 
bringing  suit,  the  statute  of  limitations  begins  to  run  in  its  favor  from 
the  time  it  notifies  a  claimant  that  his  claim  is  rejected.^' 

Where  a  company  issues  policies  on  a  plan  of  quarterly  payments 
of  dues  and  assessments  in  advance,  it  may  waive  such  conditions  and 
accept  the  note  of  assured  in  payment  of  a  year's  dues  and  assess- 
ments." 

The  right  of  the  legal  representatives  of  assured  to  recover  the  pro- 
ceeds of  a  speculative  life  policy  from  a  person  who  has  received  the 
money,  ceases  where  an  executor  or  administrator  has  received  and  in 
good  faith  distributed  if 

FIBB  INSURANCE. 

A  fire  insurance  policy  is  a  contract  to  indemnify  the  insured  for 
loss  or  damage  to  his  property  occasioned  by  fire  during  a  specified 
period,  and  may  be  of  two  kinds,  open  or  valued.  In  an  open  policy 
no  sum  is  absolutely  fixed  to  be  paid  on  any  loss,  but  the  amount  re- 
coverable, not  exceeding  the  face  of  the  policy,  is  determined  by  the 
actual  loss;  while  in  a  valued  policy  the  sum  payable  on  total  loss,  in 
the  absence  of  fraud,  is  named  in  the  contract.  "  Floating"  or  **  shift- 
ing "  risks  are  open  policies  covering  all  goods  or  stock  on  hand  at  the 
time  of  a  loss,  and  are  much  used  in  mercantile  lines,  since  they  allow 
constant  sales  and  purchases. 

Generally  a  fire  policy  covers  all  damages  and  reasonable  charges 
resulting  from  a  loss  by  fire,  including  cost  of  removing  articles  from 
location,  loss  by  theft  during  cooflagration,  etc  If  a  house  be  pulled 
down  to  prevent  the  spread  o(  fire,  the  insurance  is  held  to  cover. 

Agents. —  When  an  agent  of  an  insurance  company,  given  author- 
ity by  the  owner  of  property  to  write  a  policy  on  it  and  keep  it  in- 
sured, has  no  authority  from  the  owner  to  cancel  the  policy,  the 
insurer  cannot  be  excused  from  liability  by  the  agent's  unauthorized 
cancellation.* 

Payment  of  a  premium  to  one  who  had  made  out  an  application  for 
insurance  in  defendant  company,  but  who  was  known  by  plaintiff  not 
to  have  the  power  to  bind  the  company,  does  not  render  it  liable  for 
the  loss,  where  the  risk  had  previously  been  rejected  and  the  premium 
had  never  been  remitted  to  it  by  the  person  writing  the  application.' 

«•  Lefflngwell  v.  Grand  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W.  of  Iowa,  63  N.  W.,  »i3. 
•1  Coartney  v.  U.  S.  Masonic  Benefit  Assn.  (Iowa  S.  C),  53  N.  W.,  289. 
•9  O'Orady  v.  Knights  of  ColumbuB  (Conn.  S.  C).  ^  A.,  HI. 
»>  Railway  Condactors  Mut.  Aid  Assn.  v.  Loomls  (111.),  8S  N.  B.,  4S4. 
•«  Stepp  V.  Nat.  Life  and  Maturity  Assn.  of  Waslilngton,  16  S.  E.,  84. 
»B  Blake  v.  Metzgar  (Pa.  S.  C),  S4  A.,  766. 
1  McCartner  v.  State  Ins.  Co.,  45  Mo.  App.,  878. 

«  More  r.  «.  T.  Bowery  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  IW  N.  Y.,  687,  /^  ^  ^  ^T  ^ 

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Legal  DscIbions  in  1892.  151 

A  mistake  or  untrue  statement  of  material  facts  will  not  void  a 
policy  when  the  comp  my  or  its  agent  knew  the  real  facts,  especially 
where  the  agent  fills  up  the  application,  and,  knowing  the  real  facts, 
misstates  them,  either  purposely  or  by  mistake.* 

Where  the  agent  was  acting  as  an  insurance  broker  at  the  time  the 
application  was  made  and  had  not  been  employed  by  the  company  to 
procure  the  policy,  he  was  the  agent  of  the  assured,  and  only  the 
agent  of  the  company  for  the  purpose  of  delivering  the  policy  and  col- 
lecting the  premium,  and  notice  to  him  would  not  be  notice  to  the 
company.* 

The  agent  of  an  insurance  eompan^  has  power  to  bind  his  principal 
orally,  notwithstanding  a  provision  m  the  policy  that  the  company 
shall  only  be  bound  by  endorsements  on  the  policy.^ 

A  person  procuring  insurance  in  behalf  of  a  certain  company  by 
sending  to  it  an  application,  upon  which  a  policy  is  issued,  thereby 
becomes  the  agent  of  the  company,  and  it  will  be  bound  by  the  con- 
tract which  he  made  with  the  applicant.* 

A  person  authorized  to  accept  risks,  to  agree  upon  and  settle  the 
terms  of  insurance  and  to  carry  them  into  effect  by  issuing  and  renew- 
ing policies,  is  a  general  agent  of  the  company.'' 

Where  an  agent  has  rendered  himself  liable  to  his  company  for 
failure  to  cancel  a  policy,  before  a  loss  occurred,  and  the  company  on 
reasonable  grounds  defends  the  suit,  after  notice  to  the  agent,  he  is 
liable  for  the  costs  of  the  suit,  but  not  for  counsel  fees  nor  for  the  costs 
of  an  unnecessary  appeal.^ 

Defendant,  an  insurance  broker,  procured  insurance  for  plaintiffs 
through  another  broker,  in  a  company  which  did  not  exist.  Held,  that 
a  loss  having  occurred,  defendant  was  liable  for  the  insurance.' 

Arbitration. —  A  provision  in  a  policy  that  the  amount  of  loss  shall 
be  submitted  to  arbitrators  at  the  request  of  either  party,  who  shall 
compute  the  damages,  but  shall  not  decide  the  liability  of  the  com- 
pany, is  valid  and  binding J<^ 

The  pendency  of  negotiations  for  a  compromise  does  not  excuse  a 
party  from  compliance  with  a  demand  for  arbitration." 

Arbitration  is  fully  discussed  in  the  case  of  Adams  v.  New  York 
Bowery  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  61  North  Western  Reports,  1140,  and  in  Han- 
over Pipe  Ins.  Co.  t>.  Lewis,  28  Pla.,  209. 

The  submission  to  arbitration  does  not  amount  to  an  election  to  pay 
the  loss  and  a  waiver  of  the  right  given  by  the  policy  to  rebuild  or  re- 
pair." 

Where  the  adjuster  of  a  company  fraudulently  and  falsely  repre- 
sents that  the  arbitrator  nominated  by  the  company  is  a  disinterested 

*  German  Ins.  Co.  t>.  Miller,  89  111.  App.,  688.  Phcenix  Ine.  Co.  r.  Stocks,  40  111. 
App.,  64. 

*  Bast  Texas  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Brown,  82  Tex.,  681. 

*8t.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine  Ins.  Co.  v.  Parsons,  47  Minn.,  862. 
•Rockford  Ins.  Co.  v.  Boivum,  40111.  App.,  129. 

f  SoQth  Bend  Toy  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Dakota  Fire  and  M.  Ins.  Co.,  62  K.  W.,  866. 
8  Son  Fire  Office  v.  Ermentrout,  11  Pa.  Co.  Ct.  R.,  21. 

*  Vann  v.  Downing,  10  Pa.  Co.  Ct  R.,  60. 

!•  Hanover  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v,  Lewis,  28  Fla.,  209. 

i>  Power  Dry  Gooda  Co.  v.  Imperial  Fire  Ins.  Co.  of  London,  61  N.  W.,  123. 

)•  iBtna  bus.  Co.  v.  Piatt,  40  Dl.  App.,  191. 


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person,  the  award  made  will  be  set  aside  and  the  Insared  allowed  to  re- 
cover his  actual  loss.*' 

A  policy  provided  that  no  suit  should  be  brought  until  after  arbi- 
tration to  settle  the  amount  of  loss.  The  insurer  charged  the  inaured 
with  having  caused  the  fire  and  refused  to  pay  for  that  reason.  Held, 
that  the  insured  mi^ht  sue  without  demanding  arbitration.*^ 

Where  the  loss  is  made  pavable  to  the  mortgagee  of  the  property 
insured  and  the  policy  provides  for  arbitration  as  to  the  amount  of 
loss,  tlic  mortgagee  is  not  bound  by  the  result  of  an  arbitration  be- 
tween the  insured  and  the  company.*' 

Application.— Decisions  on  the  effect  of  statements  and  representa- 
tions of  the  assured  in  his  application  have  been  collected  in  10  Lawy. 
Rep.  Ann.,  666. 

Where  the  insured  was  unable  to  read  and  the  application  was  filled 
out  by  the  company's  agent,  some  of  the  answers  being  untrue,  and 
where  there  was  a  conflict  of  testimony  as  to  the  answers  having  been 
read  to  the  assured  before  the  application  was  signed,  the  company 
was  held  to  be  liable  on  the  policy.'* 

Where  a  firm  made  an  application  for  fire  insurance  and  answered 
"no"  to  the  question,  "Has  the  proponent  ever  been  a  claimant 
against  a  fire  insurance  company?"  it  was  held  that  claims  made  by 
one  of  the  members  of  the  firm  before  he  became  a  partner  were  not 
covered  by  the  question,  and  that  the  answer  was  not  untrue." 

Where  defendants  issued  the  policies  on  verbal  applications  and 
asked  no  questions  except  as  to  the  amount  of  insurance,  the  pro^rty 
to  be  insured  and  its  location,  and  there  were  no  misrepresentations, 
they  cannot  escape  liability  on  the  ground  that  the  policies  provided 
that  failure  to  make  known  any  facts  material  to  the  risk  would  render 
the  policy  void.  '* 

In  the  absence  of  fraud,  deceit,  or  misrepresentation,  the  assured 
cannot  be  protected  by  claims  of  ignorance  of  the  contents  of  the  ap- 
plication.** 

Where  the  applicant  represented  that  he  owned  the  premises  in  fee 
his  recovery  will  not  be  defeated  by  proof  that  he  has  no  written  evi- 
dence of  title.*® 

A  company  will  not  be  permitted  to  avoid  a  policy  on  the  ground 
of  overvaluation  of  the  property,  where  its  agents  saw  the  same  at  the 
time  the  application  was  filled  out  and  assented  to  the  figures.** 

Notwithstanding  the  application  falsely  states  matter  material  to  the 
risk,  if  the  insurer  or  his  agent  had  knowledge  of  the  truth  at  the  time 
when  the  contract  was  entered  into,  the  contract  will  not  be  thereby 
avoided.** 


»»  BradHhaw  v.  AKricultnral  Ina.  Co.,  69  Hun.,  619. 
>«  PcDcU  V.  Home  Ino.  Co..  8  Waeb.  St.,  4ti6. 

1*  Bergman  v.  Commercial  Union  Ine.  Co.  (Ky.),  18  S.  W.,  12S.    Same  r.  Phcenix 
Ina.  Co.,  Id. 

>•  Dwelling  House  Ins.  Co.  t>.  Wetkel  (Neb.),  60  N.  W.,  949. 

17  Davies  v.  National  Ins.  Co.  (1891),  App.  Caa.,  485. 

1"  Pelzer  Mfg.  Co.  v.  Sun  Fire  Office  of  London  (S.  C),  16  S.  B.,  669. 

1*  Hemdon  v.  Triple  Alliance,  45  Mo.  App.«  426. 

>o  Capital  City  Ina.  Co.  v.  Caldwell  (Ala.),  10  So.,  866. 

"  German  Ins.  Co.  v.  Miller,  89  111.  App.,  683. 

**  Hemdon  v.  Triple  Alliance,  «upra,  19. 

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Leqal  Dbci8I0N6  in  1892.  158 

Where  an  insurance  policy  on  lumber  contains  a  warranty  that  a 
continuous  clear  space  of  150  feet  should  be  maintained  between  the 
lumber  and  the  saw  mill,  and  such  warranty  is  untrue  when  made,  and 
when  the  property  is  destroyed  by  fire  communicated  from  the  saw 
mill  within  the  space  provided  for,  no  risk  ever  attached  on  the  policy, 
and  in  the  absence  of  intentional  fraud  by  the  insured,  he  is  entitled  to 
the  return  of  the  premiums  paid.^' 

Assignment  of  PcHicy.^The  assignee  of  an  insurance  policy  is 
affected  with  the  knowledge  her  agent,  effecting  the  assignment,  may 
have  of  a  previous  forfeiture,  and  cannot  claim  a  waiver  of  the  for- 
feiture by  the  insurer's  consent  to  the  assignment.  ^^ 

Where  a  petition  in  bankruptcy  specifically  mentions  a  fire  insur- 
ance policy  as  an  asset  and  all  the  bankrupt's  property  is  assigned  to  a 
trustee,  unless  the  policy  is  delivered  to  the  trustee  or  actually  as- 
signed, it  doesn't  amount  to  an  assignment  that  will  avoid  the  policy 
under  a  condition  therein  that  it  shall  be  void  if  assigned  without  the 
company's  consent.** 

A  pre-existing  debt  is  a  sufficient  consideration  for  an  assignment  of 
insurance  policies  after  loss  of  the  property  insured.** 

Where  the  loss  is  made  payable  to  the  mortgagee  of  the  property 
insured,  and  the  policy  provides  for  fixing  the  amount  of  loss  by  ar- 
bitration, the  mortgagee  is  not  bound  by  the  result  of  an  arbitration 
between  the  insured  and  the  company.*' 

Where  it  is  stipulated  in  a  fire  policy  that  it  is  not  assignable  for 
the  purposes  of  collateral  security,  but  that  in  case  of  actual  sale  it 
may  be  assi^ed  with  the  consent  6f  the  company,  an  assignment  to 
secure  debt  is  void,  and  the  assignee  cannot  recover  on  it,  even  though 
the  company  assented  to  the  assignment,  supposing  it  to  be  absolute.*^ 

A  transfer  of  a  policy  with  the  assent  of  the  company,  as  security 
for  .debt,  "as  its  interest  may  appear,"  is  valid  and  the  lien  created 
thereby  is  superior  to  that  by  garnishment  of  a  subsequent  creditor.*' 

Where  the  consent  of  the  company  to  the  assignment  of  the  policy 
was  obtained  by  fraud  and  misrepresentation  of  material  facts,  it  was 
held  that  it  was  such  a  fraud  on  titie  company  as  to  avoid  the  policy.  *° 

GancellcUion  and  Rescission. —  Where  the  insured  surrenders  policy 
to  defendant's  agent,  understanding  that  it  might  be  canceled,  and  to 
enable  the  agent  to  re-insure  in  case  of  cancellation,  such  agent  does 
not  become  plaintiff*s  agent  and  notice  to  him  of  cancellation  is  not 
sufficient.  ■* 

The  fact  that  a  company  instructed  its  agent  to  cancel  a  policy  does 
not  affect  the  insured  without  notice.*^ 

It  is  not  sufficient  for  a  company  to  notify  a  policy-holder  that  it 

*s  James  9.  Insarance  Co.  of  North  America,  90  Tenn.,  604. 

•♦Fire  Amu.  of  PhU.  v.  Plournoy  (Tex.  Sap.),  19  S.  W.,  798. 

**  Appleton  Iron  Co.  v.  British  Am.  ABsarancc  Co.,  46  Wle.,  38. 

••  OIoTcr  V.  Welli  (Ul.  8vmX  29  N.  E.,  680. 

«  Bergman  p.  Commercial  Union  Aesur.  Co.  (Ky.),  18  S.  W.,  122. 

'•Lynde  v.  Newark  Fire  [na.  Co.,  189  Mass.,  67. 

••Glover  v.  Wells  (HI.  Snp.),  29  N.  E.,680. 

••  Home  Ins.  Co.  v.  Allen  (Ky.),  19  S.  W.,  743. 

•»  Mallory  v.  Ohio  Farmer's  Ine.  Co.  (Mich.),  51  N.  W.,  lfl«. 

••  Watertown  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Uiist  (111.  8up.),  80  N.  E.,  772. 

8  Digitized  by  Google 


164  Legal  DKdtsioKs  in  18dd. 

had  decided  to  go  out  of  business,  and  would  no  longer  be  liable  on 
the  policy,  where  it  returned  to  him  no  part  of  the  premium.** 

Notice  to  insured  that  a  premium  note  was  due,  and  that  unleas 
it  was  paid  in  30  days  the  policy  would  be  canceled,  was  sufficient  to 
suspend  the  pc^icy.** 

The  forfeiture  of  its  charter  by  an  insurance  company  for  its 
failure  to  comply  with  the  law  did  not  work  a  cancellation  of  iCa 
policies  outstanding  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  law,  so  as  to  re- 
lieve it  from  liability  thereon.**  ' 

Where  a  policy  is  sent  to  the  company's  agent  by  the  insured  with 
the  request  that  it  be  canceled,  in  accordance  with  the  law  of  New 
York,  this  operates  as  a  cancellation  without  any  action  on  the  part 
of  the  insurer.** 

The  surrender  by  mailing  a  policy  with  the  request  that  it  be  can- 
celed is  not  complete  until  the  letter  reaches  the  company  or  its 
agent.  ■• 

A  statute  providine  that  a  company  shall  cancel  a  policy  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  insured  and  return  the  unearned  premium  does  not 
require  the  return  of  such  premium  when  the  policy  has  been  de- 
termined by  the  insolvency  of  the  company.*' 

'Where  an  agent  of  an  insurance  company  given  authority  bv  the 
owner  of  property  to  write  up  a  policy  on  it  and  keep  it  insured  has 
no  authority  from  the  owner  to  cancel  the  policy,  the  insurer  cannot 
be  excused  from  liabilitj^by  his  unauthorized  cancellation.** 

CkmdiUons, —  The  fact  that  the  insured  was  ignorant  of  the  condi- 
tions printed  in  a  policy  of  the  standard  form,  will  not  defeat  the  for- 
feiture of  the  policy  in  case  the  conditions  are  not  complied  with.** 

Where  it  was  provided  in  the  policy  that  if  the  note  given  for  the 
premium  should  not  be  paid  within  fifteen  days  after  maturity  and  de- 
mand, the  policy  would  be  void,  the  non-payment  of  such  note  did 
not,  ipso  fcLcto,  render  the  policy  void,  but  only  voidable  at  the  option 
of  the  defendant. *> 

Notwithstanding  a  clause  in  a  policy  that  the  company  shall  not  be 
liable  until  the  actual  payment  of  the  premium,  if  the  policy  is 
actually  delivered  without  payment,  the  presumption  of  a  waiver  of 
such  clause  and  the  giving  of  short  credit  for  the  premium  will  ariae.^' 

Where  a  policy  provided  that  the  company  should  not  be  liable  for 
any  loss  occurring  while  a  premium  note  was  overdue  and  unpaid,  and 
where  a  note  was  overdue  and  a  tender  was  made  before  the  loss,  the 
fact  that  it  was  not  made  until  after  maturity  is  immaterial,  since  the 
policy  did  not  provide  for  a  forfeiture  in  that  case.** 

Where  a  policy  provided  that  it  should  not  cover  any  loss  caused 
by  means  "  of  an  invasion,  insurrection,  or  riot,"  and  where  the  statute 

•>  Manlove  v.  Commercial  Mat.  Pire  Ins.  Co.  (Kan.),  87  P.,  979. 

**  Morrows.  Dea  Moines  Ins.  Co.  (Iowa), 61  N.  W.,  8. 

*^  Manlove  v.  Commercial  Mut.  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  mprOy  88. 

■•  Crown  Point  Iron  Co.  t>.  ^tna  Ins.  Co.,  187  N.  Y.,  608. 

"  Dewey  v.  Davis  (Wis.),  62  N.  W.,  774. 

•8  McCartney  v.  State  Ins.  Co.,  46  Mo.  App.,  878. 

«»  Qalnlan  v.  Providence-Washington  Ins.  Co.,  138  N.  Y.,  860. 

♦0  Louisville  Underwriters  v.  Pence  (Ky.),  19  8.  W.,  10. 

«  Daft  V.  Drew,  40111.  App,,  966. 

♦•  Continental  Ins.  Co.  of  N.  Y.  ▼.  MUler  and.  App.),  80  N.  K.,  718. 

Digitized  byVjOOQlC 


tiBGAL  1)B0I8I0KB  IN  1891^.  '  15^ 

proTided  that  "if  three  or  more  persons  shall  do  an  act  in  a  violent 
and  tumultuous  manner,  they  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  riot/'  it  was 
HM,  that  where  five  masked  men  broke  into  a  dwelling-housep  com- 
pelled the  occupant  to  vacate,  and  then  burned  down  the  dwelling, 
this  constituted  a  riot.^* 

Where  a  policy  provided  that  the  building  should  be  used  as  a 
dwelling-house  only,  and  it  appeared  that  it  had  also  been  used  as  a 
saloon,  IBM,  that  this  presented  a  question  for  the  jary.^ 

Where  a  Dolicy  contains  no  express  prohibition  of  a  change  in  the 
use  of  a  building,  the  fact  that  at  the  time  of  the  loss  the  buildhig  was 
used  for  a  different  purpoee  than  that  mentioned  in  the  policy  does  not 
avoid  the  policy.^ 

Where  there  is  a  conflict  between  the  printed  and  written  clauses  of 
a  policy,  the  written  part  controls.^ 

The  use  of  a  building  insured  as  a  dwelling-house,  for  the  illegal 
■ale  of  liquor  cannot  be  said,  as  matter  of  law,  to  increase  the  risk.^ 

Where  the  policy  forbade  the  use  of  open  lights  on  the  premises, 
bat  permitted  necessary  repairs,  and  the  evidence  showed  that  the  use 
of  open  lights  was  indispensable  in  making  such  repairs,  it  was  held 
that  the  use  of  open  lights  in  repairing  was  not  a  breach  of  the 
poliCT.*' 

Where  a  tenant  moved  out  of  a  building  insured  as  a  dwelling- 
house,  which  shortlv  afterwards  burned  down,  but  in  the  interval  the 
owner  was  frequently  in  the  house  during  |he  day,  and  had  a  servant 
Bleep  there  at  night.  Held,  that  the  house  was  not  unoccupied  within 
the  meaninfl^  of  the  policy.^ 

A  building  insured  as,  and  leased  for,  a  store-house,  in  the  process 
of  ordinary  preparation  —  not  repair,— for  such  purpose,  is  not 
"  vacant  or  unoccupied."*' 

Though  knowledge  of  the  non-occupancy  of  a  building  at  the  time 
the  policy  was  issued  could  be  imputed  as  matter  of  law  to  the  com- 
pany, there  was  no  implied  consent  to  tiie  continuance  of  such  condi- 
tion, nor  was  the  company  thereby  charged  with  notice  of  the  con- 
tinuance of  such  non-occupancy,  contrary  to  the  express  conditions  of 
the  policy.  »• 

Where  a  landlord  leased  his  premises  to  a  certain  person  until  the 
first  of  a  certain  month,  and  to  another  person  commencing  with  the 
first  of  the  month,  the  vacation  of  the  former  four  days  beH>re  the  ex- 
piration of  his  lease  is  not  such  an  abandonment  as  will  vitiate  the  in- 
surance.'^ 

A  court  of  equity  will  not  hold  a  policy  of  insurance  void  because 
the  premises  have  become  vacant,  contrary  to  a  condition  In  the 
policy,  where  the  evidence  wholly  fails  to  show  that  the  building 


4t  Oermanla  FIk  Ini.  Co.  v.  Deckard  (Ind.  App.),S8  N.  B.,  868. 

««  Martin  9.  Capitol  Ins.  Co.  aowa.)«  69  N.  W.,  684. 

<•  RoMell  9.  Maanfactaren'  and  Bnildera'  Fire  Ins.  Co.  (Minn.),  58  N.  W.,  906. 

4«  Kartin  v.  Capitol  Ina.  Co.,  tupra,  44. 

4T  An  Sable  Lumber  Co.  v.  Mfr^i  Mat.  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  80  Mich.,  407. 

*•  Trader'!  Ina.  Co.  v,  Baoe  (Dl.  Sop,},  80  N.  E.,  846. 

*•  Rockford  Ina.  Co.  «.  Wrigbt,  80  111.  App.,  674. 

M  Bnglaad  v.  Westcbeater  v!re  Ins.  Co.  of  N.  Y.  (Wla.),  61  N.  W.,  064. 

*>  Boe  «.  DweUine-Hoiue  Ina.  Co.  of  Boston  (Pa.  Sop.),  88  A.,  718. 

Digitized  by 


Google 


156  Lboal  l>BCitiOKg  iH  1892. 

would  not  have  been  burned  precisely  as  it  was  if  it  had  been 
occupied." 

Where  the  company  has  received  notice  of  the  vacancy  of  the  build- 
ing, and  the  agent  assures  the  policy-holder  that  ''  it  is  all  right;  we 
wul  look  after  it,"  the  company  cannot  avoid  payment  for  breach  of 
condition  in  the  policv.*» 

The  description  of  an  oil  tank's  location,  if  regarded  as  a  warranty, 
can  be  construed  only  as  a  warranty  of  location  at  time  of  insuring, 
and  not,  in  the  absence  of  an  express  stipulation  to  that  effect,  that  the 
location  will  not  be  changed  afterwards.^ 

A  voluntary  conveyance  of  insured  property  is  as  much  breach 
of  a  condition  against  alienation  as  a  conveyance  for  a  valuable  con- 
sideration.** 

A  provision  in  a  policy  against  sale  or  transfer  of  the  property  will 
not  avoid  the  policy  unless  the  entire  interest  of  the  insured  is  sold;  so 
that  if  the  property  consists  of  a  stock  of  goods  of  a  sole  trader,  his 
taking  a  partner  will  not  render  the  policy  void."* 

A  clause  against  "any  change  in  the  title  or  interest  of  the  in- 
sured," will  not  preclude  a  recovery  where  one  partner  sells  his 
interest  to  another.*'' 

Such  a  provision  is  violated  by  making  a  lease  which  provides  that 
if  the  lessee  pays  the  lessor  a  certiedn  sum  during  the  term  thereof,  the 
lessor  "doth  hereby  sell,  transfer,  and  convey,^  to  the  lessee  the  title 
to  the  property.**  ^ 

The  execution  of  a  deed  of  the  homestead  signed  bv  the  husband 
alone,  and  therefore  void  under  the  laws  of  Kansas,  will  not  work  a 
forfeiture  of  any  rights  under  a  fire  insurance  policy.** 

A  levy  under  execution  on  a  stock  of  goods  merely  creates  a  lien 
thereon,  and  does  not  vest  in  either  the  officer  or  the  creditor  any  title 
or  interest  within  a  clause  of  the  policy  which  declares  that  it  shall  be 
void  if  any  change  takes  place  in  the  title  or  possession  of  the 
property.*^ 

The  issuing  of  an  execution  on  real  property  followed  by  an 
advertisement  of  sale  does  not  effect  a  change  of  title  within  the 
avoidance  clause  of  a  policy.*^ 

Whether  a  subsequent  mortgage  on  a  building  containing  goods 
which  are  insured  is  a  breach  of  a  condition  of  the  policy  making  it 
void,  "  if  the  risk  be  increased  by  anv  means  whatever  within  the  con- 
trol of  the  insured,"  is  a  question  of  fact  for  the  jury.*' 

A  chattel  mortgage  given  on  insured  personal  property  does  not 
avoid  a  policv  which  contains  a  stipulation  that  any  change  in  the 
title,  ownership,  or  possession  of  the  property  shall  avoid  it.*> 

"  Traders*  Ins.  Co.  v.  Bace  (lU.  Sap.),  81 N.  E.,  893. 
"  Rockford  Ins.  Co.  ».  Wright,  #w»ra,  49. 
**  Western  and  Atl.  Pipe  Lines  v.  Home  Ins.  Co.,  146  Pa.  St,  846. 
**  Brown  v.  Cotton  and  Woolen  Mfs.*  Mnt.  Ass.  Co.  of  New  England  (Mass.),  81 
N.B.,601. 

••  Blackwell  v.  Miami  Valley  Ins.  Co.,  48  Ohio  St.,  688. 

*f  Virginia  Fire  and  Marine  Ins.  Co.  v.  Vanghan  (Va.),  14  S.  B.,  754. 

•8  Fire  Ass'n  of  Phil' a  v.  Poumay  (Ter.  Sup.),  19  S.  W.,  798. 

•*  German  Ins.  Co.  of  Freeport  v.  York  (Kan.),  39  P.,  686. 

«o  Walradt  o.  Phoenix  Ins.  Co.  of  Hartford.  19  N.  T.  S.,  298. 

•1  Caraher  v.  Boyal  Ins.  Co.  of  Liverpool,  68  Hon.,  83. 

•*  Crittenden  v.  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine  Ins.  Co.  (Iowa),  62  N.  W.,  648. 

•>  Taylor  v.  Merchants'  and  Bankers'  Ins.  Co.  aowi^,  49  N.  W.,  994.  .^Tp 


Legal  Dbcisiohs  nr  1B92.  157 

The  execution  of  a  chattel  mortea^ce  on  partnerahip  property  by 
one  of  the  partners,  to  secure  his  indiyidual  debt,  works  a  change  in 
the  interest  in  the  property,  within  the  meaning  of  a  clause  in  a  policy 
proTided  that  it  shall  be  void,  if  any  change,  other  than  by  the  deaui 
of  the  insured,  takes  place  in  tlic  interest,  title,  or  possession  of  the 
insured.*^ 

An  insurance  policy  conditioned  to  be  void  if  the  assured  en- 
cumbered the  property  without  the  company's  consent,  is  not  yitiated 
by  encumbrances  made  by  other  peisons,  nor  by  those  made  by  the 
assured,  not  exceeding  the  original  encumbrance  when  the  insurance 
was  effected. *^ 

The  recoyery  of  judgments  against  the  holder  of  a  policy  subse- 
quent to  the  issue  thereof  will  not  yitiate  the  policy,  although  the 
same  stipulates  against  encumbrances.*' 

A  proyision  in  a  policy  that  it  shall  be  yoid,  if  any  proceedings  to 
foreclose  a  mortgage  on  the  property,  within  the  knowledge  of  the 
assured,  be  commenced,  is  yalid." 

Where  a  policy  on  mortgaged  premises  is  assigned,  with  the  in- 
surer's consent,  to  the  mortgagee,  the  policy  will  not  be  forfeited  by 
a  foreclosure  of  the  mortgage/^ 

Where  a  single  policy  of  insurance  coyers  both  real  and  personal 
property,  a  mortgage  on  the  realty  alone,  in  yiolation  of  the  terms  of 
the  policy,  docs  not  invalidate  the  insurance  on  the  persoualty.*' 

Where  a  policy  on  buildings  and  on  personal  property  therein,  in- 
suring each  for  a  certain  amount,  is  yoid  as  to  the  buildings  because 
of  an  incumbrance,  it  is  also  yoid  as  to  the  personal  property.''^ 

Where  a  policy  provided  that  if  insurance  should  be  ohtained  in 
other  companies,  the  policy  should  be  considered  ''  sunk,"  it  was  held 
that  obtaining  such  other  insurance  rendered  the  policy  absolutely 
void." 

Where  a  mortgagee  takes  out  additional  insurance  without  the 
mortgagor's  consent,  the  policy  of  the  mortgagor  will  not  be  forfeited 
under  a  clause  prohibiting  additional  insurance. ''* 

Where  a  plaintiff's  partner,  without  his  knowledge  or  notice  to  the 
company,  placed  additional  insurance  on  the  partnership  property 
it  was  held  that  the  proylsions  of  plaintiff's  policy  were  not  thereby 
violated." 

The  burden  of  proof  is  on  the  defendant  to  show  that  the  plaintiff 
had  additional  insurance.''^ 

Oanstruetion, —  Where  words  used  in  an  insurance  policy  are  sus- 
ceptible of  two  interpretations,  that  which  will  support  the  claim  of 
the  assured  shall  be  adopted.*"  ^* 

•«  Olnej  V.  German  Iiu.  Co.  (Hichlfcan),  60  N.  W.,  100. 

«»  WeiM  V.  American  Plrc  In*.  Co.  of  Phil.  (Pa.  Sup),  S3  A.,  991. 

••  People's  Mut.  Fire  Inn.  Co.  v.  Bowensox,  6  Ohio  Cir.  Ct.,  444. 

"  Qninlan  v.  Providence- Washington  Ins.  Co.,  188  N.  Y.,  866. 

•c  Billings  V.  German  Ins.  Co.  of  Preeport  (Neb.),  63  N.  W..  897. 

••  Pratt  V.  DwellingHoQse  Mat.  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  180  N.  Y.,  S06. 

70  Stevens  9.  Oneen  Ins.  Co.  (Wis.),  61  N.  W.,  865. 

f  >  Marshall  t7.In8.  Co.  of  North  America,  10  Fa.  Co.  Ct.  R.,  87. 

Ts  Niagara  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Scammon  (111.  Snp.),  86  N.  £.,  919. 

7*  HalTv.  Concordia  Fire  Ins.  Co.  (Mich.),  51  N.  W.,  624. 

««  RoflMll  V.  FideUty  Fire  Ins.  Co.  (Iowa),  60  N.  W.,  646. 

'•  Weatem  and  All.  Pipe  lines  v.  Home Ina.  Co.,  146  Pa.  St.,  946.  C^r\r\n]r> 

T«  0«niuuU»FireIn«.  Co. «.  Deckard,  1}8  N.  B..  868.  Digitized  by  V^OOglC 


158  Lboal  DaciuoKs  nr  1892. 

Proof  and  Payment  of  Lorn. —  Where  the  tenna  of  the  policjr  require 
the  iDsared  to  n^e  a  particular  inventoiy  after  a  fire,  he  is  excused 
from  such  requirement  if  the  goods  are  so  damaged  that  it  is  not 
reasonably  practicable  to  make  such  an  inrentoiy.''^ 

Schedule  of  items  destroyed  by  fire  would,  if  accepted  bj  the 
adjuster,  satisfy  the  requirement  that  a  sworn  statement  in  writmg  of 
the  (value  of  and  the  amount  of  loss  on  each  item,  with  other  parttcu- 
lars.  should  be  furnished  within  sixty  days  from  loss.^* 

Where  the  policy  provided  that  the  assured  should  furnish,  if  re- 
quired, a  certificate  of  a  magistrate  or  notary  stating  that  he  has 
examined  the  premises  and  belTeyes  that  the  assured  has  ho^estlv  sus- 
tained loss  to  toe  amount  to  which  he  shall  certify,  it  was  held  that 
the  furnishing  of  this  certificate  was  a  condition  precedent  to  the  right 
to  recover  unless  the  company  has  itself  prevented  his  obtahiing  the 
certificate/* 

The  fact  that  goods  are  shown  to  be  of  much  less  value  than  that 
sworn  to  will  not,  of  itself,  show  that  the  proofs  of  loss  were  wUlfuU j 
and  falsely  made.^ 

Under  the  laws  of  Iowa  requiring  holder  of  policy  to  give  notice 
of  loss,  accompanied  by  an  affidavit  showing  how  the  loss  occurred, 
the  notice  and  affidavit  need  not  be  attached  together  nor  delivered  at 
the  same  instant.^* 

Where  the  agent  who  procured  the  policy  gives  timely  oral  notice 
to  the  secretary  of  the  company,  who  acts  upon  it,  the  notice  is  suf> 
ficient.®* 

Proofs  of  loss  prepared  by  defendant's  adjusting  i^ents  within  a 
proper  time,  containing  all  material  facts,  are  sufficient."* 

Failure  to  give  noUce  of  loss,  as  required  by  the  policv.  will  not 
forfeit  the  ri^ht  to  recover  unless  such  failure  is  expressly  made  a 
cause  of  forfeiture  by  the  policy.** 

Where  the  court  finds  that  defendant's  agent  really  prepared  the 
proofs  of  loss,  with  the  assistance  of  the  insured,  who  was  guilty  of  no 
fraud  or  concealment,  such  proofs  are  not  conclusive  of  the  actual  loas 
as  against  the  insured.*^ 

In  an  action  against  several  insurance  companies  where  the  loss  ex- 
ceeded the  aggregate  amount  of  all  the  x)olicies,  the  plaintiff  can  re- 
cover the  total  amount  of  the  risk  assumed  by  each  defendant,  with 
interest." 

Where  a  building  is  so  injured  by  fire  as  to  lose  its  specific  char- 
acter as  a  building,  it  is  a  total  loss,  notwithstanding  that  some  of  the 
walls  are  standing  and  some  of  the  material  not  destroyed.*^ 

Objections  to  the  timeliness  and  sufficiency  of  proofs  were  waived 


"  Powers  Drj  Goods  Co.  v.  Imperial  Fire  Idb.  Co.  of  London  (Minn.),  61 N.  W.,  ISS. 

"  Yonng  V.  Ohio  Farmers'  Ins.  Co.  (Mich.),  69  N.  W.,  454. 

T»  Lane  v.  St.  Paul  F.  and  M.  Ins.  Co.  (Minn.),  69  N.  W.,  049. 

«o  Pelican  Ins.  Co.  v.  Schwarz  (Tex.  Sup.),  19  8.  W.,  874. 

•»  Russell  V.  Fidelity  Fire  Ins.  Co..  BO  N.  W.,  646. 

»«  Peninsular  Land,  Tranepn.  and  Mfg.  Co.,  v.  Franklin  Ins.  Co.,  86  W.  Va.,  686. 

*•  Jenison  v.  State  Ins.  Co.  (Iowa),  52  N.  W.,  186. 

»*  Peninsular  Co.  v.  Franklin  Ins.  Co.,  supra,  99. 

"  Crittenden  v.  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine  Ins.  Co.  aowa),  68  N.  W.,  648. 

»•  Pclzer  Mfff.  Co.  v.  Sun  Fire  Office  of  London  (S.  C),  16  8.  K.,  669.    C 

•'  Hamburg-Bremen  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Garllngfon,  66  Tex.,  108. 


oogle 


Legal  DsoisioNa  in  1892.  159 

where  they  were  not  raised  by  an  adjuster  who  inspected  the  premises 
and  made  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  rebuilding.^ 

Where  one  who  is  insured  concurrently  in  seven  companies  makes 
claim  for  his  whole  loss  against  six  of  them  and  the  whole  loss  is  thus 
settled  and  paid,  the  seventh  company  is  discharged  as  to  him,,  and  its 
liability,  if  any,  is  to  the  other  companies  for  contribution.^' 

Where  the  assured  inadvertently  makes  an  incorrect  statement  in 
his  preliminary  proof  of  loss,  such  statement  may  be  corrected  by 
parol  testimony  at  the  trial  of  a  suit  on  the  policy,  where  the  same  ex- 
planation has  been  asked  for  bv  letter  and  given  m  substance  by  letter 
before  the  institution  of  the  suit.^ 

Wliere  the  issue  was  whether  proofs  of  loss,  as  required  by  the 
policy,  were  made  out  and  delivered  to  the  defendant,  and  not  what 
was  contained  in  such  proofs,  parol  testimony  was  admissible.** 

The  policy  is  prima  fade  evidence  of  the  value  of  the  property 
destroyed.*' 

Formal  proofs  of  loss  are  unnecessary  in  case  of  a  total  loss  upon 
buildings.  •• 

A  general  notice  to  the  assured  that  the  proofs  of  loss  are  insuf- 
ficient is  not  enough,  but  the  particular  defect  must  be  specified.*^ 

Where  the  agent  failed  to  deliver  the  policies  to  the  insured  until 
after  the  loss,  but  they  were  signed  before  the  fire,  and  were  for  a  less 
amount  than  that  applied  for,  it  was  held,  that  a  valid  contract  existed 
between  the  plaintiff  and  each  of  the  companies,  as  the  agent  acted  for 
plaintiff  in  choosing  the  companies  and  distributing  the  risk.*^ 

Waiver. —  A  provision  that  proofs  of  loss  must  be  furnished  within 
a  certain  time  is  waived  where,  after  the  expiration  of  the  time,  a  writ- 
ten agreement  is  made  to  submit  the  amount  of  loss  to  an  appraisal.** 

Where  the  company's  adjuster  visited  the  scene  of  a  fire  the  day 
after  the  loss  occurred,  and  told  the  insured  that  he  need  furnish  no 
notice  nor  proof  of  loss,  it  was  sufficient  excuse  for  not  giving  notice 
of  loss  within  50  days.*^ 

The  fact  that  the  agent  and  adjuster  of  a  company  appear  upon  the 
premises  after  a  fire  and  commence  an  examination  of  the  damage, 
does  not  constitute  a  waiver  of  strict  proofs  of  loss.*^ 

Where  the  adjuster's  conduct  after  a  fire  was  such  as  to  induce  an 
honest  belief  on  the  part  of  the  assured  that  the  proofs  then  being  made 
were  all  that  were  required  bv  the  company,  the  jury  might  find  that 
formal  proofs  were  waived.** 

A  company  did  not  waive  the  condition  that  the  policy  should  be 
void  if  the  houses  were  vacant,  by  issuing  the  policy  at  a  time  when 
they  were  vacant.*^ 

•«  Capitol  City  Ins.  Co.  v.  Caldwell  (Ala.),  10  So.,  855. 

•*  WflliamabarK  City  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Gwlnn,  88  Ga.,  65. 

*^  Hanover  Fire  Idb.  Co.  v.  Lewis,  tupru,  100. 

*>  PelzerMfg.  Co.  v.  Sim  Fire  Office,  gupra^  102. 

•«  Martin  v.  Capital  Ins.  Co.  of  Ohio  (Iowa),  58  N.  W.,  584. 

•*  Weiss  V.  American  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  88  A.,  991. 

•<  Qerow  v.  Providence- Washington  Ins.  Co. 

••  Michigan  Pipe  Co.  v.  Michigan  F.  and  M.  Ins.  Co.,  63  N.  W.,  1070. 

••  Bishop  V.  Asricoltaral  Ins.  Co.,  180  N.  Y.<,4S8. 

•'  Pha?nlx  Ins.  Co. «.  Pickel  (Ind.  App.),  29  N.  H.,  488. 

•»  Scottish  Union  and  Nat.  Ins.  Co.  v,  Clftncey,  18  S.  W.,  489. 

••  Griatock  f>.  Royal  Ins.  Co.  (Mich.),  49  N.  W.,  634.  r^  i 

JM  Connecticut  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Tllley  (Va.),  14  S.  B..  861.         Digitized  by  CjOOQIC 


160  Lboal  Dbcisionb  in  1892. 

Where  the  company's  adjuster  adjusts  and  compromises  a  loss, 
agreeing  to  pay  the  loss  as  adjusted  in  a  few  days,  the  company 
waives  the  conditions  of  the  policy."* 

Where  the  policy  provides  that  no  officer  or  agent  of  the  company 
shall  hajre  power  to  waive  any  provisions  or  conditions  embraced  in 
the  printed  and  authorized  policy,  the  assured  is  bound  by  the  limita- 
tion of  the  agent's  authority.  *" 

Where  the  agent  waived  a  prohibitory  clause  against  the  use  of 
gasoline  and  subsequent  agents,  though  aware  of  its  use,  did  not  can- 
cel the  policy,  the  company  was  bound  by  the  waiver.*®* 

After  proof  of  loss  defendant  refused  payment  on  the  ground  of 
one  of  the  defenses  mentioned  in  the  policy,  and  made  no  mention  of 
other  defenses,  although  cognizant  of  them  at  the  time.  Plaintiff  in- 
curred expense  in  attempting  to  adiust  the  loss  on  this  basis,  paid 
several  assessments  and  subsequently  brought  suit.  EM,  that  de- 
fendant was  estopped  from  setting  up  any  other  defense  than  that 
brought  to  plaintiff's  notice.*^ 

A  provision  that  no  agent  shall  have  power  to  valve  conditions  ex- 
cept in  writiug  endorsed  on  the  policy,  is  valid,  and  a  verbal  waiver 
by  him  of  proofs  of  loas  is  not  binding  on  the  company.*** 

A  company  which  retained  proofs  of  loss  86  days  without  objection 
waived  the  fact  that  they  were  delivered  a  few  days  lalc.'*^ 

Where  proofs  are  retained  by  the  company  without  objection  de- 
fects therein  will  be  regarded  as  waived.'®' 

Where  the  insurance  company  denies  its  liability  formal  proofs  of 
loss  are  unnecessary.'®^ 

Refusal  by  the  company  within  60  (hiys  to  pay  the  lo9s  absolved  the 
insured  from  the  necessity  of  furnishing  proofs  of  loss.'®* 

Where  the  adjuster  examined  the  premises  after  the  fire  and  in- 
formed the  insured  that  Ihc  company  would  not  pay  him,  that  amounts 
to  a  waiver  of  proof  of  loss."® 

Where  the  insurer,  after  having  received  proofs  of  loss,  writes  for 
furtlier  particulars  as  to  certain  facts  furnished  in  the  proofs,  and  does 
not  request  that  they  be  in  verified  form,  as  required  by  the  policy,  it 
waives  the  formality  of  verification.'" 

The  fact  that  an  insurance  company  had  actual  notice  of  a  loss  and 
its  adjuster  was  present  several  days  takinf^  proofs  of  loss  is  a  waiver 
of  the  formal  proofs  provided  for  in  the  policy."* 

A  forfeiture  is  waived  by  the  company  where  after  full  knowledge 
of  the  facts  it  requires  the  assured  to  make  proofs  of  loss."* 


»o»  Wagoner  v.  Dwelliner-HouBe Ine.  Co.,  148  Pa.  St.,. 388. 

»"8  Qninlan  t;.  Providence-Washington  Ina.  Co.,  gvpra^  67. 

»"'  Farmers'  and  Merchanta'  Insurance  Co.  t».  Nixon  (Col.  App.),  30  P.,  48. 

»««  Towle  u.  Ionia  E.  and  B.  Farmers'  Miit.  Fire  Ins.  Co.  (Mich,),  61  N.  W.,  «7. 

>o»  Gould  p.  Dwdling-Houso  Ins.  Co.  (Mich.).  51  N.  W.,  455. 

»o«  Weiss  V.  American  Fire  Ins.  Co.  of  Phil.  (Penn.  Sup.),  23  A.,  991. 

»o'  VanKuldertaelcn  p.  Phenix  Ins.  Co.  of  Brooklyn  (Wis.),  51  N.  W.,  1122. 

»<»»  Weifis  r.  Amorican  Fire  Ins.  (,'o.,  *?////«,  95. 

»»"  Younc  r.  Ohio  Fanners'  Ins.  Co.  (Mirh.\  62  N.  W.,  454. 

»»0Ea8t  Texas  Fire  Ins.  (^o.  r.  Brown.  86  Tex.,  631. 

>"  Hanover  Fire  Ins.  Co.  v.  Lewis  (Fla.),  28  Fla..  209. 

»ia  Cashing  v.  Williamsburg  Citv  Fire  Ins.  Co.  (Wash.),  80  P.,  736. 

»'»  Reploglc  V.  Americ:an  Ins.  Co.  (Ind.  Sup.),  31  N.  E.,  947, 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Lboal  Dbgibioks  in  1893.  161 

Where  the  compaoy's  age^referred  to  a  sworn  Btatement  of  the 
insured  as  ''proofs  of  loss,  and  said  that  nothing  more  was  required 
and  afterwards  offered  to  settle  the  claim,  ffda,  that  the  company 
had  waived  formal  proofs  of  loss."^ 

Proof  of  loss  is  waived  where  the  company  alleges  in  its  answer 
that  the  loss  was  adjusted  by  arbitration  and  pleads  the  award  in  de- 
fense."' 

Miscellaneous. —  Where  the  policy  provided  that  it  should  be  void 
if  the  interest  of  the  insured  was  not  trulv  stated  and  when  the  plaintiff 
insured  the  property  in  his  own  name  without  informing  the  company 
that  it  belonged  to  his  wife  she  could  not  recover  for  the  loss."* 

Where  the  agent  promises  to  endorse  on  a  policy  the  company's 
consent  to  the  removal  of  the  property  insured,  and  he  neglects  to  do 
80  before  the  property  is  destroyed  by  fire,  the  company  is  estopped 
from  setting  up  the  want  of  such  endorsement."^ 

Where  there  was  additional  insurance  at  the  time  the  policy  was 
issued  and  in  violation  of  its  conditions,  the  policy  is  not  made  binding 
on  the  company  by  the  fact  that  there  was  no  additional  insurance  at 
the  time  the  property  was  burned."^  And  notice  to  the  agent  of  the 
existence  of  the  additional  insurance  is  not  sufScient  to  constitute  a 
waiver  by  the  company  unless  the  agent  is  a  general  agent.    Id. 

Insurance  on  a  barn  and  the  contents  thereof  did  not  cover  horses 
which,  although  stabled  therein,  were  killed  by  lightning  outside."* 

After  a  loss  has  occurred  the  insured  may  assign  the  right  to  re- 
cover although  the  policy  was  not  assignable."^ 
•  A  notice  to  a  policy-holder  calling  his  attention  to  the  cancellation 
conditions  of  the  policy  and  declaring  the  effect  of  the  holder's  failing 
to  pay  premiums  is  not  such  a  notice  of  cancellation  as  is  demanded 
by  the  policy."' 

One  who  is  in  possession  of  property  under  a  contract  of  sale  from 
the  equitable  owner  thereof,  has  an  insurable  interest  therein.*'' 

Wliere  a  life  tenant's  interest  is  described  in  the  policy  as  being  in 
fee,  the  burden  is  on  her  to  show  that  the  mistake  was  made  by  the 
company's  agent."* 

An  insane  person  cannot  be  held,  in  setting  fire  to  his  property,  to 
have  had  such  a  fraudulent  or  wrongful  design  as  to  defeat  the  insur- 
ance, although  his  estate  may  afterwards  be  called  upon  to  respond 
for  the  act."* 

Notice  of  loss  conclusively  shown  where  company  sends  an  ad- 
juster to  the  fire."* 

Beeent  Cases  not  FuUy  B^Mrted.—The  supreme  court  of  Iowa  has 
just  decided  that  a  clause  in  the  lease  of  an  elevator  owner,  whose 

>"  WriRht  V.  Fire  Awn.  of  London  (Mont),  81  P.,  87. 
"»  St.  Paul  F.  and  M.  Ins.  Co.  v.  Gothelf  (Neb.),  68 N.  W.,  187. 
»»•  DiflfenhauKh  v.  Union  Fire  Ine.  Co.  (Pa.  Sup.),  84  A.,  746. 
»"  Henschel  v.  Oregon  P.  and  M.  Ins.  Co.  (Waah.),  80  P.,  785. 
»»«  Reed  v.  Egultabre  F.  and  M.  Ins.  Co.  (R.  I.),  34  A.,  883. 
»»•  Farmere'  Mat.  Fire  Ins.  Awn.  v.  Keyder  (Ind.  App.),  81  N.  E.,  861. 
«»•  Star  Union  Lumber  Co.  v.  Finney  rNeb.),  62  N.  W.,  1118. 
>si  Savnge  v.  Pbcenix  Ins.  Co.  of  Brooklyn  (Mont.),  81  P.,  06. 
»««  Cnrpentert?.  German  Ins.  Co.  (N.  Y.  App.),  81  N.  E.,  1016. 
»'»  Welch  9.  London  Asenr.  Corp.  (Pa.  Sup.),  26  A.,  142. 

»"  D'Autremont  v.  Fire  AH«n.  of  Phil.,  20  N.  Y.  8.,  844.  r^  1 

115  Welsh  r.  London  Assurance  Corp.,  mpra^  128.  Digitized  by  VjOOQ LC 

8*  ^ 


162  Lboal  Decibioiib  ih  1898. 

building  stood  on  property  belongiiyeiAo  a  railroad,  which  proyided 
that  the  railroad  shoula  not  be  liable  for  fire  caused  by  its  negligence, 
was  void.  The  point  is  a  new  one  and  has  never  been  passed  upon 
previously  by  any  appellate  court,  though  such  leases  are  in  general 
use  by  railroads  all  over  the  United  States.  Following  are  the  facts 
of  the  case:  U.  J.  Griswold  owned  an  elevator  on  ground  leased  by 
him  from  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  in  which  lease  he  agreed  ttiat 
the  railroad  should  not  be  liable  for  damaj^e  by  fire  caused  through  its 
negligence.  Sparks  from  a  passing  engine  subsequently  caused  the 
destruction  of  the  elevator;  the  insurance  companies  paid  the  assured, 
and  being  subrogated  sued  the  railroad  for  the  sums  paid,  claiming 
that  the  lease  was  invalid  and  void  as  being  contrary  to  public  policy 
in  that  it  undertook  to  protect  the  railroad  against  its  own  negligent 
acts.  The  district  court  held  the  lease  valid,  and  this  has  been  the 
general  opinion  among  lawyers,  but  the  supreme  court  holds  it  con- 
trary to  public  policy,  and  therefore  void. 

The  supreme  court  of  Indiana  in  reversing  a  case  (Bowles  e. 
Phoenix  insurance  company)  appealed  from  the  Tippecanoe  county 
court  held : 

(1)  The  general  rule  that  where  there  is  a  provision  clearly  avoid- 
ing a  policy  of  insurance  If  the  property  is  represented  to  be  unin- 
cumbered, the  existence  of  an  incumbrance  is  fatal  to  a  recovery  on 
the  policy,  cannot  govern  where  the  assured  correctly  stated  to  the  in- 
surer that  there  was  an  incumbrance  and  the  latter  undertook  to  em- 
body the  statement  in  the  application  but  instead  stated  therein  that 
there  was  not.  (2)  An  answer  to  a  complaint  on  an  insurance  policy,^ 
which  pleads  a  breach  of  the  provision  of  the  policy  against  incum 
brance  is  a  plea  in  confession  and  avoidance  and  must  avoid  all  the 
material  allegations  of  the  complaint,  as,  in  this  case,  the  allegation  of 
the  false  entry  into  the  application  of  the  insured's  answer  as  to  in- 
cumbrances, or  it  is  bad.  A  complaint  may  anticipate  and  avoid  a 
defensciand  an  answer  in  confession,  and  avoidance  of  such  a  com- 
plaint must  respond  to  it  as  a  whole.  (8)  Where  a  demurrer  is  over- 
ruled to  a  clearly  bad  answer,  there  is  reversible  error  unless  it  ia 
clearly  apparent  from  the  record  that  the  ruling  was  harmless.  (4) 
While  increasing  an  existing  incumbrance  avoids  a  policy,  yet  where 
there  is  an  honest  and  excusable  mistake  in  computing  the  amount  of 
such  incumbrance  to  renew  it,  there  is  not  an  increase  of  the  debt 
which  avoids  the  policy.  (6)  The  renewal  of  the  evidence  of  the  ex- 
isting debt  will  not  avoid  the  policy.  (6)  Where  no  fraud  is  averred, 
an  answer  alleging  that  the  insured  made  an  overvfduation  of  his 
property  and  thus  forfeited  his  policy  is  bad.  (7)  An  agent  authorized 
to  receive  applications  represents  the  insurance  company  and  if  he  re- 
ceives truthful  information  from  the  insured  and  undertakes  to  cor- 
rectly fill  the  application,  but  instead  inserts  false  statements,  the 
insured  will  not  be  made  to  suffer  therefrom.  (8)  The  failure  to  fully 
state  a  fact  in  special  verdict  does  not  render  material  errors  in  ruling 
on  demurrers  harmless. 

The  supreme  court  of  Alabama  held.  In  the  recent  case  of  the 
Qerman-American  insurance  company  v.  Commercial  Fire  insurance 
company,  that  a  custom  among  underwriters  in  New  York  city  to 
class  certain  stores  as  distinct  hidings  for  purposes  of  insurance,  and 

-^—-^ ^.^ 


Lbqal  Dbgibiohb  ux  1892.    ^  168 

to  insure  them  severally  as  separate  risks,  was  not  binding  on  an  insur- 
ance company  domiciled  in  Alabama,  without  proof  that  the  latter 
had  knowtedge  of  such  custom  when  a  contract  was  made  with  an- 
other company  for  re-insurance  in  that  city. 

A  very  important  decision  affecting  the  interests  of  fire  companies 
was  rendered  by  the  supreme  court  of  Texas.  The  title  of  the  case 
was  Missouri  Pacific  railway  company  v.  Sherwood.  The  point  de- 
cided was  that  when  a  through  bill  of  lading  excepts  liability  for  fire 
loss,  the  clause  is  valid.  But  when  it  Is  inserted  in  domestic  bills  of 
lading,  from  points  in  Texas  to  points  in  the  same  state,  the  statutes 
declare  the  clause  invalid.  This  decision  gives  railroads  a  perfect 
defense  against  subrogation  claims  of  marine  companies  where  losses 
occur  on  through  shipments.  Hitherto,  in  case  of  marine  insurance, 
the  marine  companies  paid  the  loss  to  the  assured  and  then  recovered 
from  the  railroads.  The  latter  then  had  their  remedy  against  fire  com- 
I>anif  s  where  they  were  insured.  Now,  the  marine  companies  have 
no  recourse,  but  must  stand  the  loss.  A^  they  cannot  get  re- insurance 
on  shore  risks,  they  will  reduce  their  liability.  This  case  directly 
affects  a  large  amount  of  insurance.  The  Paris  cotton  fire  of  Novem- 
ber 22,  1891,  was  a  heavy  one,  and  claims  against  railroads  amounting 
to  $19,186.48  remain  unadjusted.  If  paid  bv  the  railroads,  the  fire 
companies  would  have  to  pav  the  railroads.  The  insurance  companies 
have  notified  the  railroads  of  the  decision,  but  admit  their  liabilitv  to 
the  extent  of  $4,200  under  domestic  bills  of  lading.  This  will  be  a 
heavy  blow  for  the  marine  companies,  and  will  cause  a  great  demand 
for  fire  policies  on  cotton  hitherto  covered  by  marine. 

LIFB  INSURANCE. 

Affenti. —  One  who  is  agent  for  an  insurance  company  for  the  pur- 
pose of  receiving  applications  has  authority  to  agree  that  a  life  policy 
shall,  in  its  second  year,  be  reduced  one  half  in  amount.* 

Where  an  agent,  for  the  purpose  of  compromising  a  claim,  fraudu- 
lently and  falsely  assures  the  beneficiary  that  the  insured  died  by  his 
own  hand,  the  lieneficiary  may  retain  the  money  received  on  the  com- 
promise and  sue  the  company  for  damages  resulting  from  the  deceit.* 

Application. — Under  the  law  of  Pennsylvania  which  provides  that 
an  application  which  is  not  attached  to  the  policy  shall  not  be  consid- 
ered a  part  thereof,  the  court  properly  rejected  an  application  de- 
tached from  the  policy,  offered  in  evidence  by  the  company.* 

Where  the  applicant  agrees  in  his  application  that  if  any  statement 
therein  is  UDtruCf  although  made  in  good  faith,  the  policy  shall  be 
void,  such  agreement  is  invalid  as  conflicting  with  the  Pennsylvania 
statute.^ 

The  right  of  the  insured,  reserved  in  the  policy,  to  change  the  ben- 
eficiary is  not  affected  by  the  fact  that  such  reservation  is  not  in  the 
application  also.* 

Where  a  policy  declares  that  no  agent  has  the  power  to  modify  it 


1  Sengfeider  v.  Mutnal  Life  Ins.  Co.  (Wash.),  81  P.,  428. 
9  Michiftan  Mnt.  Life  Ins.  Co.  v.  Naugle  (Ind.),  29  N.  E.,  803. 
»  Mahon  v.  Pacific  Mat.  Life  Ins.  Co.  (Pa.  S.  CX  22  A.,  876. 
*  Fidelity  Mat.  Life  Aaan.  v.  Fichlin  (Md.  C.  A.),  23  A,  197. 
» Hopkins  v,  HopkioB  (Ky.  C.  A.),  H  S.  W.,  86i 


Digitized  by 


Google 


164  .  Lboal  DscifliOKB  in  1893. 

"or  to  bind  the  company  by  making  any  promise,  or  by  recelTinff 
any  representation  or  information  not  contained  in  the  application, 
and  an  agent  writes  the  applicant's  answers  to  certain  questions  and 
the  applicant  signs  his  name  thereto,  such  answers  cannot  be  avoided 
by  evidence  that  the  applicant  did  not  Icnow  the  contents  of  the  appli- 
cation or  that  they  were  known  to  be  false  by  the  asent.* 

Where  the  policy  provided  that  it  should  be  void  in  case  there  was 
another  policy  in  force  on  the  same  life  issued  by  the  company  unless 
the  first  policy  contained  an  endorsement  authorizing  the  second  pol- 
icy, and  where  the  insured  stated  in  his  application  that  his  life  was 
not  insured  in  the  company.  Held,  that  the  company  must  be  charged 
with  knowledge  of  the  existing  policy  and  that  the  condition  was 
waived.'' 

The  representations  of  the  insured  in  his  application  that  he  had 
not  taken  a  drink  for  over  a  year,  were  material  to  the  risk  and 
amounted  to  a  warranty/  A  warranty  that  insured  is  of  sober  habits 
means  not  only  at  the  time  of  the  application,  but  for  such  a  reason- 
able time  prior  thereto  as  would  allow  one  to  form  a  habit. ^ 

Where  an  application  has  been  made  to  an  insurance  solicitor,  but 
the  applicant  dies  before  the  policy  is  issued,  the  presumption  is  that 
there  was  no  contract  of  insurance.* 

Where  the  truth  of  certain  answers  in  the  application  is  ques- 
tioned, the  rule  is  that  all  matters  which  go  to  show  the  contract  void 
or  voidable,  on  the  ground  of  fraud  or  otherwise,  must  be  specially 
pleaded.'® 

Assignment  of  Policy, —  The  right  of  the  insured,  reserved  in  the 
policy,  to  assign  it  to  or  change  the  beneficiary  thereof,  will  not  be 
affected  by  the  fact  that  the  reservation  is  not  contained  in  the  appli- 
cation." 

Where  the  insured,  who  was  indebted  to  an  estate  of  which  he  was 
executor,  deposited  a  policy  on  his  own  life  with  other  papers  of  the 
estate,  with  a  memorandum  stating  that  it  was  collateral  for  the  pay- 
ment of  his  indebtedness,  and  gave  no  notice  to  the  company  of  any 
attempted  transfer,  it  was  hdd,  that  such  acts  did  not  assign  the  policy 
01*  create  a  lien  thereon,  superior  to  the  rights  of  a  creditor  which  had 
attached  by  virtue  of  legal  proceedings." 

The  statute  allowing  a  father  to  insure  his  life  for  the  benefit  of  a 
minor  child,  does  not  authorize  the  assignment  of  a  policy  on  his  life 
to  his  minor  children,  he  being  in  debt  at  the  time.*' 

Where  a  beneficiary  under  a  life  insurance  policy,  entered  a  home 
for  incurables  and  assigned  to  it  all  her  propertv  and  any  property  that 
she  miffht  thereafter  become  entitled  to,  and  where  she  died  before  the 
insured.  Held,  that  the  home  was  entitled  to  such  beneficiary's 
share." 

•  Fitzmaarice  v.  Mnt.  Life  Ins.  Co.  (Tex.),  19  S.  W.,  301. 

»  Lani|5an  v.  Prudential  Ins.  Co.,  44  N.  Y.  State  Reporter.  234. 

«  Mutaal  Life  Ins.  Co.  i>.  Glviden,  13  Ky.  Law  Reporter,  d?D. 

»  Paine  t>.  Pacific  Mut.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  61  Fed.  R,  689. 

>o  Bei\}amin  v.  Conn.  Indemnity  Assn.,  29  S.,  628. 

*i  Hoplcins  r.  Hopkins,  mpra,  5. 

1*  Falk  V.  Janes  (s.  J.),  28  A.,  813. 

»»  Friedman  v.  Fennel!  I  Ala.),  10  So.,  649. 

»<  Hewlett  V.  Home  for  Incurablee  of  Baltimore  City,  24  A.,  824.^^.^.^!^ 


Legal  Dbcisionb  in  1892.  165 

Beneficiaries. —  The  policy  provided  that  the  insured  might  nom- 
inate any  person  as  beneficiary,  or  that  the  sum  should  be  paid  to  his 
assigns,  or  according  to  such  disposition  as  he  should  make  by  deed, 
will,  or  other  instrument  in  writing,  and  if  there  were  no  such  dispo- 
sition then  the  sum  should  be  paid  first  to  the  widow,  and  if  no  widow, 
then  to  the  children  of  the  insured.  Insured  died  without  naming  a 
beneficiary,  leaving  a  will  but  not  mentioning  the  insurance  policy. 
Held^  that  the  power  of  disposition  by  will  had  not  been  exercised  and 
that  the  children  were  entitled  to  the  insurance  in  equal  shares.*' 

The  beneficiary  of  certain  policies  was  appointed  administratrix  of 
the  estate  of  the  insured.  Her  final  report  was  objected  to  by  certain 
creditors  on  the  ground  that  during  his  life  the  decedent  had  paid  the 
premiums  on  his  insurance  after  he  became  insolvent,  and  the  creditors 
claimed  the. amount  of  such  premiums.  Held,  that  she  was  not  required 
to  deduct  the  amount  of  such  premiums  from  the  proceeds  of  the 
policies.** 

Where  the  policy  provided  that  the  money  should  be  paid  to  a  cer- 
tain person,  trustee  for  the  insured's  mother,  it  is  competent  to  show 
by  parol  testimony  that  insured  stated  in  his  lifetime  th^t  he  created 
the  trust  to  provide  for  his  mother's  support  after  his  death.  Where 
the  mother  dies  before  the  insured,  there  is  a  resulting  trust  in  his 
favor  and  the  proceeds  of  the  policy  are  a  part  of  his  estate.*'' 

Where  the  policy  is  in  the  form  of  an  endowment  and  where  the 
premiums  have  been  paid  by  an  insolvent  debtor,  the  insurance  money 
received  by  the  wife  as  beneficiary  during  the  lifetime  of  the  insured 
is  subiect  to  the  claims  of  creditors.*^ 

Where  the  widow  and  children  are  named  as  beneficiaries,  the 
statutory  rule,  under  which  the  widow  is  entitled  to  one-third  of  the 
personalty  of  the  husband,  and  the  children  to  the  remaining  two- 
thirds,  prevails.*' 

Where  the  policy  allows  the  company  to  select  the  beneficiaries  out 
of  a  certain  class,  its  decision  is  conclusive  against  the  representatives 
of  the  assured.    Such  a  provision  is  not  against  public  policy.'<^ 

A  written  designation  of  a  beneficiary  and  request  that  the  policy  is 
to  be  paid  to  such  person  addressed  to  the  insurance  company,  made 
by  the  insured  upon  a  paper  furnished  by  the  company  and  in  the 
form  and  manner  therein  provided,  is  sumcient  evidence  of  the  right 
of  such  person  to  recover  on  such  policy.'* 

A  policy  for  the  benefit  of  the  wife  and  children  of  the  insured 
vests,  when  issued,  the  amount  of  the  policy  in  the  wife  and  children 
then  in  being,  to  the  exclusion  of  children  born  afterwards." 

Where  a  policy  is  made  payable  to  the  widow  of  insured,  and,  his 
wife  dying,  he  marries  again,  the  heirs  of  his  first  wife  cannot  claim 
the  proceeds  against  the  second  wife,  who  actually  became  his 
widow.    Where  the  policy  is  made  payable  to  the  executor  or  ad- 

»»  /»  r«  Davien,  8  Chancery  Division,  Law  Reports,  €3. 

»•  Succession  of  Brownlee  (La.  8.  O.),  11  S.,  B90. 

"  Bancroft  v.  Rusacll  (Mass.),  81  N.  E.,  710. 

»«  Talcott  V.  Fields  (Neb.),  53  N.  W.,  400. 

"  Kelly  V.  Ball  (Ky.),  19  ».  W.,  681. 

*•  Thomas  v.  Prodential  Ins.  Co.  (Pa.),  S4  A.y  82. 

SI  Amott  V.  Prudential  Ins.  Co  of  America,  17  N.  T.  Sopplcment.  710. 

M  Conn.  Mut.  Life  Ins.  Co.  v.  Baldwin,  23  A.,  105.  C  OOqIp 


166  Lboal  Dboibiohb  in  189d. 

miniftrator  "  for  the  benefit  of  my  widow,"  the  actual  beneficiary  may 
collect  the  money  direct  and  without  administration.*' 

Where  the  insured  took  out  a  policy  for  the  benefit  of  her  children 
and  died  leaving  no  children  surviying  her,  and  her  executors  sued  to 
recover  the  amount  of  the  policy,  it  was  held  that  the  suit  could  not  be 
maintained,  as  the  insurance  was  for  the  benefit  of  the  children,  and 
no  one  else.** 

OreditoTi, —  A  creditor  may  lawfully  take  out  a  policy  of  insurance 
on  the  life  of  his  debtor  in  an  amount  to  cover  the  debt  and  interest, 
and  the  cost  of  such  insurance  with  intercut  thereon  durine  the  period 
of  the  expectancy  of  life  of  the  insured  acconling  to  the  CaRlsle  tables, 
and  the  lact  that  the  debtor  dies  before  the  expiration  of  his  expect- 
ancy does  not  render  the  insurance  void.  The  money  paid  by  the 
creditor  for  the  funeral  expenses,  in  pursuance  of  an  agreement,  was 
properly  included  in  the  indebtedness  secured  by  the  policy.*^ 

A  creditor  named  as  beneficiary  in,  or  made  the  assignee  of,  a 
policy  on  his  debtor^s  life,  has  no  further  interest  after  the  payment  of 
his  debt,  and  the  policy  becomes  one  for  the  benefit  of  the  insured  and 
can  be  collected  by  his  peraonal  representatives.** 

Forfeiture. —  Where  a  company  received  payment  of  an  installment 
of  premium  while  a  subsequent  installment  is  overdue,  it  waives  the 
right  to  claim  a  forfeiture  on  the  ground  that  said  subsequent  install- 
ment was  not  paid  on  the  day  it  became  due.*'' 

The  fact  that  a  company  frequently  indulged  its  policy-holders  for 
80  days  after  their  premiums  became  due,  creates  no  obligation  to 
waive  a  forfeiture  for  default  of  prompt  payment,  and  where  such  de- 
fault continues  for  nine  days  and  the  insured  dies,  there  is  no  obliga- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  company  to  accept  the  overdue  premium  from 
the  beneficiary  of  the  policy.'* 

The  policy  provided  that  it  should  be  void  if  premium  notes  were 
not  paid  at  maturity.  A  note  was  several  times  renewed  and  on  the 
last  renewal  the  insured  requested  the  company  to  give  him  terms 
upon  which  it  would  cancel  the  policy  and  note.  The  company  re- 
fused to  cancel  the  policy  without  full  payment  of  the  note.  Insured 
died  without  having  paid  the  note.  Held,  that  the  company  wss  liable, 
as  it  had  elected  not  to  forfeit  the  policy.** 

Where  the  evidence  showed  that  out  of  ^  pavments  made,  18  were 
received  after  they  were  actually  due,  it  was  held  that  the  insured 
could  legally  infer  that  premiums  might  be  paid  within  a  reasonable 
time  after  they  became  due  without  forfeiture.*^ 

Two  policies  were  issued  by  defendant  on  the  same  life,  with  the 
usual  forfeiture  clause  for  default  in  payment  of  premiums,  provided 
that  if  default  should  be  made  after  the  receipt  of  two  annual  pre- 
miums, the  company  would  issue  a  paid-up  policy  for  a  proportion  of 
the  sum  insured,  on  the  surrender  of  the  old  policy  free  from  indebt- 

«»  Phelan  v.  Phclan,  21  Ine.  Law  Journal,  08. 

a<  McElwee  v.  N.  Y.  Life  Ins.  Co.  (Clr.  Ct.),  47  F.,  TW. 

»  Shaffer  v.  Spangler  (Pa.  S.  C),  22  A.,  866. 

«•  Qretty  v.  Union  Mnt.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  12  8.  C.  R.,  749. 

"  DC  Frece  r.  Nat.  Life  Inn.  Co.  (N.  Y.),  82  N.  E.,  5M. 

a«  Richardson  v.  Mut.  Life  Ine.  Co.  of  Ky.,  14  Ky.  I-Jiw  Reporter,  187. 

>*  McGeachio  r.  North  American  Life  Int>.  Co.,  12  Canadian  Law  Journal,  220. 

»o  De  Frece  v.  National  Life  Ins.  Co.,  19  N.  Y.  Sap.,  8.  ^oTp 


LBGAii  Dbobiohs  in  189d.  167 

ednesB  whbin  dz  moDtha  after  default.  PremiiiniB  were  paid  on  one 
poller  for  aU  and  a  half  yean,  and  on  the  other  for  five  years,  but  the 
poliaea  were  not  surrendered  within  six  months  after  the  default. 
MM,  that  the  company  was  not  liable.  *> 

Where  the  policy  proyided  that  forfeiture  for  non-payment  of  pre- 
miuma  could  not  be  waived  by  the  company  except  in  writing  signed 
by  the  president  or  secretary,  an  oral  agreement  made  by  the  secretary 
of  the  company  outside  of  the  state  where  the  general  offices  of  the 
company  were  located,  would  not  continue  the  policy  in  force.'* 

InBurabU  InUreti. —  In  an  action  to  recover  insurance  on  the  life  of 
a  child,  the  plaintiff's  step-sister,  eyidence  was  given  of  a  promise 
made  by  the  plaintiff  to  the  child's  mother  to  help  maintain  it.  De- 
fendants did  not  object  that  the  plaintiff  had  made  no  expenditure  on 
behalf  of  the  chUd.  EM,  that  plaintiff  had  an  insurable  interest  in 
the  child's  life.o  * 

IWd^p  Friidei,-^  Where  the  policy  provided  that  after  payment  of 
two  or  more  premiums  it  "becomes  a  paid-up,  non-forfeiture  for  an 
amount  equal  to  a  sum  of  one-tenth  of  that  hereby  insured  for  each 
and  ewy  premium  which  shall  have  been  so  paid,"  requiring  no 
further  parent  of  premiums  and  entitled  to  its  proportion  of  accumu- 
lations. JoM,  that  there  was  no  agreement  to  issue  a  paid-up  policy 
at  any  time  and  there  was  no  right  of  action  before  assured's  death  to 
determine  the  rights  of  his  children  in  the  policy.*^ 

PalUey — PtUd-up  Inturance — CkmdiUan  iVdMdan^— The  premium 
on  an  endowment  pol^  was  payable  annually  for  a  pericxl  of  ten 
years,  partly  in  cash  ana  partly  in  premium  notes  of  assured,  bearing 
interest.  Ilie  iM>licy  provided  that  if  default  should  be  made  by  as- 
sured in  the  payment  of  any  premium,  the  defendant  would  pay  (at 
the  maturity  of  the  policy)  as  many  tenths  of  the  sum  originally  in- 
sured as  there  should  have  been  complete  annual  premiums  paid  at  the 
time  of  such  default.  But  in  order  to  secure  such  proportion  of  the 
policy,  all  premium  notes  must  be  taken  up,  or  the  interest  thereon  be 
paid  annually  in  cash,  on  the  date  of  the  annual  maturity  of  the  pre- 
mium until  the  notes  are  canceled  by  the  return  of  the  surplus,  or  the 
whole  policy  will  be  forfeited,  unless  one  or  more  annual  payments 
have  been  made  in  full  by  cash  payments  or  the  application  of  the 
dividend.  HM^  (1)  That  as  to  any  notes  outstanding  when  the  as- 
sured makes  default  in  respect  to  the  annual  premium,  he  must  con- 
tinue to  pay  Uie  annual  interest  in  cash  (until  the  principal  is  ex- 
tinguishea  by  the  application  of  dividends),  as  a  condition  to  main- 
taining the  right  to  receive  a  corresponding  number  of  "  tenths  "  of  the 
sum  insured;  (2)  but  the  complete  payment  of  the  cash  premium  or 
premiums  for  any  year  or  years,  and  the  payment  of  the  notes  given 
for  such  years,  secures  a.  non-forfeitable  endowment  of  a  correspond- 
ing number  of  tenths  of  the  policy;  (8)  a  dividend  being  applicable 
toward  the  payment  of  a  note  at  the  same  time  the  interest  on  the  note 

•>  Northweetera  Hat  Life  lot.  Co.  v,  Barbour  (Ky.),  17  8.  W.,  796. 
as  HMtingB  v.  Brooklyn  Life  Ins.  Co.,  17  N.  T.  Sup.,  888. 

•>  Barnes  t.  London,  Bd.,  and  Glasgow  Ins.  Co.,  1  Queen's  Bench  Division  Law 
Reports,  Jonel^'M,  864. 
1a  i^jons  V.  Union  Mat  Ufe  Ins.  Co.,  17  N.  Y.  8.,  156. 


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168  Legal  Dbcibiokb  in  1892. 

fell  due,  the  default  of  the  assured  to  pay  the  interest  does  not  dis- 
cbarge the  defendant  from  the  duty  to  apply  the  dividend,  if  such  ap- 
plication would  pay  off  the  note,  and  so  prerent  a  forfeiture  of  the 
policy;  (4)  the  default  of  assured  in  the  payment  of  interest  amount- 
ing to  four  cents,  is  too  trifling  to  be  noticed;  and  (6)  a  non -forfeitable 
endowment  of  one-tenth  of  the  policy  having  been  secured,  that  may 
be  recovered  at  maturity,  less  whatever  may  remain  unpaid  of  the  out- 
standing notes  after  applying  dividends  to  extinguish  the  same.** 

Payment  and  Rebate  of  Premiums.—  Where  the  policy  provides  that 
it  shall  become  void  in  case  of  default  in  premium  when  it  becomes 
due,  the  payment  of  the  premium  on  or  before  the  day  it  becomes  due 
is  a  condition  precedent  to  the  risk.  The  policy  provided  that  after 
the  payment  of  two  annual  premiums,  the  insured  could  use  the  accu- 
mulated r^ate  as  a  credit  on  the  third  premium  or  to  extend  the  policy 
for  a  deflnite  time.  After  the  payment  of  one  premium  the  company 
offered  to  credit  a  rebate  on  the  second  premium,  but  notified  the  in- 
sured that  if  such  premium  were  not  paid  when  due  the  policy  would 
be  terminated.  Insured  defaulted  in  the  payment  and  died  nme  days 
after.  Held,  that  the  rebate  did  not  prolong  the  insurance  and  the 
policy  was  forfeited." 

Where  the  evidence  showed  that  of  21  payments  all  were  made 
after  they  became  due  and  at  intervals  varying  from  20  days  to  five 
months.  Held,  that  the  evidence  supported  a  finding  that  the  company 
had  agreed  to  accept  payment  of  the  quarterly  installments  within  a 
reasonable  time  after  they  became  due.'^ 

Where  plaintiff  took  out  policies  on  the  A^es  of  her  brother  and 
sister,  siting  their  names  to  the  application  with  the  agent's  knowl- 
edge, and  several  years  afterwards  found  that  they  were  void  on  that 
account.    Held,  that  she  was  entitled  to  recover  the  premiums  paid.^^ 

Defendant  mailed  the  following  notice  to  plaintiff:  "In  oraer  to 
continue  and  extend  the  insurance  it  will  be  necessary  that  the  pre- 
miums required  for  that  purpose  should  be  paid  on  or  before  the  date 
above  mentioned,  as  stipulated  in  the  policy  contract.  This  notice  Is 
given  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  New  York  law."  Held,  that  the 
notice  was  insufl^cient  in  not  stating  that  "  if  not  paid  the  policy  and 
all  payments  thereon  will  become  forfeited  and  void,"  such  being  the 
language  of  the  statute.  >> 

Where  a  deceased  partner  misappropriated  partnership  funds  which 
he  partly  applied  to  payment  of  premiums,  the  surviving  partner  may 
recover  such  premiums  from  Uie  widow  and  beneficiary.  Premiums 
paid  by  such  partner  and  charged  in  the  books  as  overdrafts  are  not 
recoverable  from  the  widow  by  the  surviving  partner.*^ 

The  law  of  New  York  making  it  a  criminal  offense  for  an  agent  to 
pay  a  rebate  as  an  Inducement  to  insure  in  his  company,  is  not  uncon- 
stitutional. It  was  immaterial  that  defendant's  company  was  a  foreign 
corporation.** 

"Van  Norman t».  Northwestern  Mut.  Life  Inn.  Co.,  62  N.  W.,  988. 

'•Richardson  v.  Mut.  Life  Ins.  Co.  of  Ky.,  supra^  28. 

*''  De  Frece  r.  Nat.  Life  Ins.  Co.,  82  N.  K.,  536. 

■8  Fnlton  V.  Metropolitan  Life  Ins.  Co.,  1»  N.  Y.  8up.,  660. 

■•  McDougall  V.  Provident  Saving  Life  Assar.  Soc.  of  N.  Y.,  19  N.  Y.  S.,  481. 

40  Holmes  v.  Oilman,  19  N.  Y.  8.,  161. 


"Peoplet>.Fonno»a,80N.  E.,  498.  r.   ..„.u  GoOqIc 


Digitized  by* 


Legal  Dscibiohb  ra  1892.  169 

s 

PlaintifE  proved  tender  of  premium  37  days  after  it  was  due. 
Court  charged  that  waiver  might  be  found  if  the  whole  conduct  of  the 
company  was  such  as  to  lead  a  prudent  and  reasonable  man  to  believe 
that  premiums  tendered  a  few  days  after  they  were  due  would  be  ac- 
cepted.   Held,  a  proper  charge.*^ 

Where  it  was  conditioned  that  the  first  premium  should  be  paid  on 
delivery  of  the  policy,  an  allegation  that  the  policy  was  executed  and 
delivered  for  value  received,  is  sufficient  on  demurrer." 

Where  the  premiums  were  paid  with  money  stolen  by  the  assured 
from  a  firm  of  which  he  was  a  member  and  the  amount  stolen  exceeded 
the  policies,  the  entire  proceeds  belonged  to  the  firm  as  against  the 
beneficiary.*' 

After  a  default  in  parent  of  premiums  the  company  received  the 
arrears  from  the  beneficiary.    Held,  that  there  was  no  lapse  of  policy.** 

The  New  York  law  prohibiting  discrimination  in  premiums  is  not 
unconstitutional.'** 

Proof  of  Death  and  Quidde. — The  condition  that  the  policy  shall  be 
void  if  the  assured  die  by  his  own  hand,  does  not  apply  where  the  as- 
sured killed  himself  by  the  accidental  taking  of  an  overdose  of  lauda- 
num, nor  where  he  intentionally  took  the  dose  but  was  of  unsound 
mind.'*' 

The  fact  that  the  company  received  the  proofs  of  death  without 
question  is  an  admission  only  that  they  are  proper  in  form  and  not 
that  all  statements  contained  therein  are  true.*^ 

Where  the  policy  provided  that  in  case  the  insured  died  by  his  own 
hand,  whether  sane  or  insane,  the  company  should  be  liable  only  for 
the  premiums  paid,  and  plaintiff's  evidence  showed  that  death  was 
caused  by  insanity,  and  defendant  offered  no  evidence,  plaintiff  is  en- 
titled to  a  directed  verdict  for  the  full  amount.** 

Jfwc^toneoutf.— Although  the  application  is  made  a  part  of  the 
policy  and  the  truth  of  the  answers  therein  is  expressly  warranted, 
breach  of  such  warranty  is  a  matter  for  special  plea,  and  evidence  of 
such  breach  is  inadmissible  under  the  general  issue.*^ 

It  is  for  the  court  to  say  whether  the  preliminary  proofs  of  death 
required  by  the  policy  have'been  furnished.** 

Where  plaintiffs  are  the  beneficiaries  named  in,  and  are  in  posses- 
sion of,  the  policyi  the  burden  of  proof  of  showing  that  they  are  not 
the  beneficiaries  is  on  the  defendant.*' 

The  appointment  of  the  state  superintendent  of  insurance  as  the  at- 
torney of  a  non-resident  insurance  company  for  the  purpose  of  receiv- 
ing process,  does  not  authorize  him  to  accept  service  by  mail.*' 

^"^  Hartford  L.  and  A.  Ins.  Co.  v.  IJnsell,  12  Snp.  Ct.  Hcporter,  671. 
«»  Stewart  v.  Union  Mut.  Ufv.  hw.  Co.,  17  N.  Y.  S.,  886. 
**  Holmes  v.  Davenport,  18  N,  Y.  8.,  56. 
<»  Amott  p.  Prudential  InH.  Co.  of  America,  17  N.  Y.  S.,  710. 
••  People  V.  Formosii,  gupra,  41 . 

<7  Michigan  Mut.  Life  Ins.  Co.  r.  Naugle  (Ind.),  29  N.  E.,  3»3. 
**>  Crottv  e.  Union  Hut.  Life  Inn.  Co.,  12  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.,  749. 
*9  Waycott  V.  MetroiJolitao  Life  Inn.  Co.  (Vt.  S.  C),  24  A.,  992. 
BO  Benjamin  p.  Conn.  Indemnity  Assn.  (La.  S.  C),  29  So.,  628. 
"'    .  Life"  ~ .   ^-  .     ^ 


»*  Hermany  r.  Fidelity  Mut.  Ufe  Ins.  Co.  (Pa.  S.  C),  24  A.,  Iu64. 
•a  Hartford  L.  and  A.  Ina.  Co.  v.  Wayland  (.Ky.),  20  S.  W.,  199. 
*s  Farmer  v.  I^at.  Life  Assn.,  SO^Fed.,  829, 


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170  Lbgai^  Dbgibionb  m  1892. 

Opinions  expressed  by  physician  while  attending  a  patient,  engaged 
in  inquiry  as  to  what  was  the  matter  with  him,  are  admissible  as  m 
ffettae.^ 

An  affidavit  of  defense  to  a  suit  brought  by  the  administrator  of 
insured,  to  whom  the  policy  was  payable,  ayerring  that  the  policy 
was  issued  and  delivered  to,  and  the  premiums  paid  by,  a  tiiird  party 
who  had  no  insurable  interest  in  the  life  of  the  insured,  is  in- 
sufficient.» 

The  chancellor  has  power  to  reform  a  contract  where  there  has 
been  a  mutual  mistake  of  law.^ 

Where  a  letter  is  duly  directed  and  mailed  the  presumption  of  law 
is  that  it  was  received  by  the  person  to  whom  it  was  directed,  in  the 
regular  course  of  the  mau.^^ 

MABINB  INSURANOB. 

Acc&ptanee  of  Bisk.—  In  an  action  on  an  open  policy  which  insured 
cargoes  *'  from  place  to  place  as  endorsed  herein,  or  in  a  book  kept  for 
that  purpose,"  it  was  shown  that  the  insured  entered  a  certain  cargo  in 
the  book  writing  '*  from  New  York  Harbor"  in  the  space  for  the  place 
of  ladinff,  but  leaving  the  adloining  space  for  tbe  place  of  destination 
blank;  that  the  book  was  then  sent  to  defendant's  agent,  who  ap- 
proved the  risk  by  writing  the  word  "harbor"  in  the  space  for  sig- 
nature of  approval,  which  was  shown  to  be  the  customary  way  of  ap- 
proving risks  for  New  York  harbor;  that  the  assured  had  no  oUief  pol- 
icy and  book  and  that  he  had  never  received  from  the  insurance  broker, 
who  acted  as  defendant's  agent,  certificates  of  insurance  in  any  other 
company.  Held,  that  there  was  sufficient  evidence  to  submit  to  the 
jury  the  question  of  defendant's  acceptance  of  the  risk.* 

The  practice  of  the  company  was  to  enter  its  approval  of  risks  in  a 
book  furnished  to  the  assured  in  a  column  headed  ''Approved,"  such 
approval  being  evidenced  by  the  initials  "D.  and  P.  Ally's  ".  Udd, 
that  repealed  endorsements  by  the  company  of  the  letter  *'  D  "  in  the 
column  **  Approved  "  sufficiently  complied  with  the  policy.* 

Ahandanment. — Where  a  vessel  only  partiaUy  insured  is  abandoned, 
the  owner  being  to  a  certain  extent  his  own  insurer,  has  a  proportional 
share  in  the  abandonment  and  cannot  hold  the  insurers  liable  for  his 
share  in  the  abandonment.' 

Where  the  agent  has  examined  the  wreck  at  the  company's  expense, 
and  the  owners  have  verified  formal  proofs  of  loss,  and,  on  receiving 
notice  that  the  company  would  raise  the  wreck,  executed  an  assign- 
ment to  the  company  of  their  interest  in  the  vessel,  which  was  re- 
tained by  the  company,  it  is  error  to  hold  that  the  boat  was  not  aban- 
doned and  that  the  abandonment  was  not  accepted  by  the  company.^ 

»<  Mutual  Life  In*.  Co.  v.  Tillman  (Tex.  8.  C),  19  S.  W.,  294. 
"  Breniian  v.  Pnidcntlal  Ins.  Co.  (Pa.  8.  C),  28  A.,  901. 
*•  Welch  V.  Welch,  13  Ky.  Law  Reporter,  639. 
«'  Hastings  i',  Brooklyn  Life  Ing.  Co.,  17  N.  Y.  Sup.,  338. 
»  Petric  t'.  Phenlx  InH.  Co.  of  Brooklyn,  132  N.  Y.,  187. 
«  Heilner  v.  China  Mut.  Ing.  Co.,  18  N.  Y.  8.,  177. 

•  Natchez  and  New  Orleans  Packet  and  Navigation  Co.  v,  Lonieville  l^nderwritere, 
11  So.,  M. 

4  Singleton  v.  Phenlx  Ins.  Co.,  183  N.  Y.,  ?98. 


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Lbgal  Dbcuiokb  in  1892.  171 

When  the  owner,  after  the  stranding  of  the  boat,  gave  defendant 
notice  of  his  intention  to  abandon,  but  retained  control  thereof  and 
had  it  repaired,  and  thereafter  claimed  and  used  the  boat  as  his  own, 
there  was  no  abandonment  and  he  could  only  recover  his  actual  loss.^ 

Aaignment, — Where  on  payment  of  loss  under  a  policy  insuring 
sdTances,  the  insured  assign  to  the  insurer  their  claim  against  the  ves- 
sel for  advances  and  commissions,  such  assignment  passes  to  the  in- 
surer the  commission  for  procuring  a  charter  for  the  vessel,  even 
though  the  claim  for  advances  does  not  pass  because  it  has  been  pre- 
viously released.* 

Barrairjf. — Where  the  master  of  a  vessel  fraudulently  loaded  her 
with  cases  of  dirt  and  issued  bills  of  lading  for  the  same  as  valuable 
carffo  and  abandoned  the  vessel  after  having  bored  holes  in  her  hull. 
HM,  that  the  loss  of  cargo  was  within  the  ruk  of  barratry  mentioned 
in  the  policy/ 

The  rule  that  the  owner  of  a  vessel  cannot  commit  the  crime  of 
barratiy  by  conspiring  to  bring  about  her  destruction  at  sea,  for  the 
purpose  of  defrauding  an  insurer,  does  not  apply  to  the  case  where  the 
master  it  only  part  owner  of  the  ship.^ 

Oarffo  FoUcy. — The  clause  in  a  cargo  policy  insuring  advances  that 
"  it  i^nderatood  that  freight  and  advances  insured  under  this  policy 
are  sublect  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  freight  policy  attached 
hereto,  means  that  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  cargo  policy  are 
added  such  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  freight  policy  as  are 
pertinent.* 

DuraHon  of  Biik,^  AXk  insurance  on  a  cargo  to  be  delivered  at 
some  place  in  the  same  port  would  not  be  void  because  the  duration  of 
the  risk  waa  not  fixed  by  time  nor  for  a  voyage  between  specified 
places.* 

Sxieni  of  Ruk.^Where  the  application  stated  that  the  vessel  would 
come  down  the  river  in  tow  and  she  came  down  without  being  in  tow 
and  was  injured.  EUd,  that  such  statement  was  a  material  fact  affect- 
ing the  risk  and  its  not  beinff  carried  out  avoided  the  policy.*^ 

An  endorsement  on  a  poflcy  of  re-insurance  provided  that  it  should 
cover  "one-half  of  the  value  of  all  cargoes*'  shipped  by  one  T.  A 
later  endorsement  provided  that  the  re-insurance  should  be  *'  to  the  ex- 
tent of  one  half  of  the  amount  of  each  and  every  risk  which  equals  or 
exceeds  in  value  the  sum  of  $15,000  on  cargoes  insured  by  the  re- 
assured under  open  policies  to  T.  and  others,  and  "  on  cargoes  of  • 
$60,000  and  upwards  this  policy  is  to  cover  the  excess  of  $25,000  not 
exceeding  the  sum  of  $50,000  on  any  one  cargo."  The  policv  to  the 
assured  provided  that  he  should  "  enter  for  insurance  all  goods  at  the 
full  value  thereof."  EM,  that  construing  the  endorsements  together, 
as  in  pari  materia,  with  the  terms  of  the  policy  of  insurance,  the  word 
"  risk  "  did  not  mean  '*  loss,"  nor  did  it  mean  the  arbitrary  value  of  the 

*  IxtaisvUle  Undenrriten  v.  P«noe  (Ky.),  10  8.  W.,  10. 

*  Phoenix  Id8.  Co.  v.  Paraoue,  ISO  N.  Y.,  86. 

*  Votoin  ff.  Cmmnercial  Mot.  Ins.  Co.,  62  Hon.,  4. 

*  Phflsnix  Ins.  Co.  v.  Panons,  supra,  6. 

*  Petrie  V.  Phenlx  Ins.  Co.  of  Brooklyn,  tunra,  1. 

}•  Bti^y  9.  Ocean  Mat.  Marine  Ina.  Co.,  if  Can.  8.  C.  Bm  158. 

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172  LsoAii  DBCinoifB  nr  1892. 

cargoes  as  fixed  in  the  policies,  but  rather  the  actual  liability  assumed, 
which  was  the  real  value  of  the  cargoes  insured." 

Inmranee  on  Advaneei. —  Where  insurance  is  affected  at  Lloyds 
"on  advances"  and  these  words  are  written  in  the  valuation  clause, 
the  policy  must  be  construed  to  be  not  upon  advances  for  repairs,  but 
upon  something  independent  of  the  ship.*' 

Where  a  vessel  valued  and  insured  at  $100,000  is  a  total  loss  and  all 
the  policies  have  been  paid  except  one  for  $5,000,  an  action  thereon 
cannot  be  defeated  because  other  insurance  on  advances  incident  to  the 
operation  of  the  vessel  has  also  been  paid." 

Insurable  Interest. —  A  partner  has  such  insurable  interest  in  a  cargo 
belonging  to  the  firm  as  will  admit  of  his  insuring  it  in  his  own  name, 
and  in  the  event  of  a  loss  he  may  maintain  an  action  without  joining 
his  partners  as  plaintiffs." 

Under  a  policy  insuring  advances  recovery  cannot  be  had  for  com- 
mission for  procuring  a  charter  for  the  vessel,  since  the  claim  for  such 
commission  does  not  constitute  a  lien  on  the  vessel,  and  is  therefore 
not  insurable.*^ 

Psrils  Insured  Against. —  Where  the  policy  insured  against  **  perils 
of  the  sea,  canals,  rivers,  and  fires,  and  all  other  perils,  losses, 
or  misfortunes  that  shall  happen  on  the  voyage,"  and  the  beat,  which 
was  seaworthy,  reached  her  destination  and  was  moored  to  the  dock, 
and  when  the  tide  went  out,  pounded  and  broke  in  two.  Held,  that 
the  loss  was  within  the  perils  insured  against.*^ 

Where  the  policy  provided  that  'Mi  the  ship  hereby  insured  shall 
come  into  collision  with  any  other  ship  or  vessel,  and  the  insured  shall 
become  liable  to  pay  to  the  owner  of  such  other  vessel  any  sum  of 
money,"  the  insurer  would  pay  the  assured  a  certain  proportion  of  the 
sum  so  paid.  While  the  ship  was  being  towed  into  port,  her  tug  col- 
lided with  and  sank  another  vessel.  Hdd,  that  the  collision  of  the  tug 
was  the  collision  of  the  vessel  insured,  within  the  meaning  of  the 
policy.  »• 

In  a  policy  containing  a  warranty  that  the  vessel  should  not  load 
more  than  her  registered  tonnage,  the  term  registered  tonnage  refers  to 
her  carrying  capacity,  as  stated  in  the  ship's  papers  under  which  she 
was  sailing  at  the  date  of  the  policy.*^ 

Where  a  policy  recited  that  the  company  assumed  the  unavoidable 
dangers  of  the  river  and  that  it  should  be  free  from  loss  by  barratrv,  the 
fact  that  the  boat  was  stranded  by  carelessness  of  the  master,  will  not 
prevent  recovery,  in  the  absence  of  evidence  of  fraud  on  the  masters 
part.  >8 

Where  the  boat  insured  was  sunk  and  raised  by  salvors,  the  assured 
was  sued  in  admiralty  for  salvage,  the  cumpauy  was  notified  to  de- 
fend, which  it  neglected  to  do,  and  the  assured  paid  the  judgment,  it 

11  Continental  Ins.  Co.  v.  ^tna  Ins.  Co.  of  Hartford,  68  Huo.,  654. 

"  Providence- Washington  Ins.  Co.  v.  Bo  wring,  1  U.  S.  App.,  183. 

»»  Voiain  v.  Commercial  Mut.  Ins.  Co.,  in4pra,  7. 

14  Phoenix  Ins.  Co.  v.  Parsons,  iupra,  6. 

i»  Petrie  v.  Phenlz  Ins.  Co.  of  Brooklyn,  fupra^  1. 

i«  McCowan  v.  Baine,  App.  Cas.,  401. 

^^  Reck  V.  Phenix  Ins.  Co.,  180 N,  Y.,  160. 

1"  ^uisyille  Underwriters  v.  Pence,  supra^  6. 


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Legal  1)scisioks  in  189!^.  1%^ 

was  held  that  the  assured  had  the  right  to  defend  and  the  company 
must  reimburse  him  for  counsel  fees  and  othef  expenses  in  connection 
with  the  suit." 

Afiacellaneous. — A  ship  was  insured  in  January  at  Rotterdam  under 
a  policy  containing  a  warranty  not  to  use  ports  in  Europe  north  of 
Antwerp  between  November  1st  and  March  1st.  Hdd,  that  Rotter- 
dam being  north  of  Antwerp,  the  company  waived  the  warranty.  ^° 

Where  libelant  had  an  insurable  interest  in  the  vessel  by  reason  of 
advances  exceeding  the  amount  of  the  policy  sued  on,  and  the  vessel 
was  a  total  loss  within  the  meaning  of  the  policy,  libelant  was  entitled 
to  recover  the  amount  of  the  policy  from  the  company.^* 

The  testimony  of  the  captain  that  the  boat  was  seaworthy  and  of 
the  owner  that  she  had  been  thoroughly  overhauled  before  the  voyage, , 
y^Hs  prima  facie  evidence  of  her  seaworthiness.** 

Evidence  that  a  vessel  sailed  in  May,  was  seen  the  following  Oc- 
tober, and  was  never  seen  or  heard  of  again,  \a  prima  facie  proof  m  an 
action  on  a  policy  expiring  December  29th  following,  that  the  ship 
was  lost  during  the  lifetime  of  the  policy.'* 

Under  the  general  maritime  law,  there  is  no  lien  on  a  vessel  for 
marine  insurance  premiums  due  from  her  owner.** 

Where  the  vessel  insured  was  cuC  adrift  from  a  propeller  in  a  storm 
and  lost  and  a  special  verdict  was  found  that  she  was  cut  adrift  ''  to 
relieve  the  propeller  and  tow  from  a  danger  of  navigation  and  for  the 
best  interest  of  the  property  at  risk,"  it  was  held,  that  the  insurer's 
liability  was  not  limited  by  such  verdict  to  a  general  average  loss.*^ 

MISCBIiLANEOUS. 

An  amendment  to  the  complaint,  offered  at  the  time  the  demurrer 
is  filed  and  disallowed  by  the  court,  is  not  a  part  of  the  record  and  can 
only  come  to  the  supreme  court  by  bill  of  exceptions,  or  annexed  to 
the  same  duly  authenticated.^ 

Where  an  insurance  company  filed  a  petition  for  the  appointment 
of  a  receiver,  whereupon  the  court  made  an  order  dissolving  the  cor- 
poration and  appointing  a  receiver,  so  much  of  the  order  as  dissolved 
the  corporation  must  be  reversed,  the  record  not  showing  that  the 
company  requested  to  be  dissolved.* 

Under  an  agreement  by  a  principal  to  lend  and  advance  a  certain 
sum  per  month  to  his  agent  "which  sum  shall  be  a  lien,  until  dis- 
charged, upon  his  commissions  aforesaid,  sums  so  loaned  constitute  a 
valid  set-off  in  an  action  for  commissions.* 

"The  Employers'  Liability  Assurance  Corporation,  Limited,"  of 
Qreat  Britain,  doing  business  in  New  York,  sought  to  restrain  the 
"  Employers'  Liability  Insurance  Company  of  the  United  States,"  a 

i»  HeUner  v.  China  Mat.  Ihb.  Co.,  smira,  9. 

««  Reck  V.  Phenlx  Ins.  Co.,  130  N.  t:,  160. 

SI  Kinsman  v,  China  Mat.  Idb.  Co.,  49  F.,  876. 

*s  Helhier  v.  China  Mat.  Inn.  Co.,  supra,  3. 

"  Beckf .  Phenix  Ina.  Co.,  ISO  N.  Y.,  160. 

•*  San  Ina.  Co.  v.  The  Hope,  49  Fed.,  379. 

^  Britiah  Am.  Ina.  Co.  of  Toronto  v.  Wilaon,  81  N.  E.,  038. 

>  Sibley  v.  Mat.  Reaerve  Fond  Life  Aaan.  (Qa.  S.  C),  18  S.  C,  838. 

s  /n  re  Kittanning  Ina.  Co.  (Pa.  S.  C),  38  A.,  886. 

*  Johnaton  v.  Uhited  States  Ufe  Ina.  Co.  (Maee.),  87  N.  E.,  883. 


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Hi  Lboal  Dbciuoks  m  18M. 

Junior  company,  from  doinj^  bosineis  in  the  Mone  state,  on  account  of 
BimilaritY  of  name.  EM,  tbat  a  general  injunction  was  properly 
refused/ 

In  an  action  on  a  policy  of  insurance  on  a  horse,  the  complaint  is 
insufficient  where  it  fails  to  show  that  the  plaintiff  owned  or  bad  an 
interest  in  the  horse  at  the  time  of  its  death.* 

The  rule  that  one  who  has  agreed  to  become  a  member  of  a  corpor- 
ation, and  has  enjoyed  the  benefits  and  priyileEes  of  membership,  can- 
not, when  called  upon  to  perform  the  obligations  of  his  contract,  set 
up  as  a  defense  that  the  corporation  was  not  legally  organised,  is  the 
same  in  a  mutuid  as  in  a  stock  company.* 

A  foreign  corporation  engaged  in  business  in  any  state  in  the  United 
States,  which  appoints  an  attorney  with  power  to  reoeiye  serrice  of 
process  in  any  suit  against  it,  thereby  consents  in  adTance  to  be  sued 
therein.'' 

A  local  custom  that  insurance  agents  after  the  termination  of  their 
agency,  may  cancel  any  of  the  policies  issued  through  them  is  un- 
reasonable.' 

A  foreign  insurance  company  exercising  franchises  and  priyileges 
without  authority  of  law,  may  be  ousted  by  gvo  warranto  proceed- 
ings.* 

BBCBNT  CAflBS  HOT  BBPOBTBD  Dl  PULL. 

Iniurance-^  Agreement -^Warehouseman,^  Where  one  who  ships 
tobacco  to  a  warehouseman  expressly  agrees  to  carry  his  own  liak, 
that  agreement  controls,  and  a  custom  or  warehousemen  to  insure  at 
their  own  expense  tobacco  shipped  to  them  does  not  apply,  according 
to  the  decision  of  the  Kentucky  court  of  appeals  in  the  case  of  Cottrell 
V,  Brannin. 

Inmranee — Ag&nt  —  Authority — Notice, —  The  appellate  court  of 
Indiana  held,  in  the  recent  case  of  Criswell  e.  Riley,  that  an  Insunuice 
company  may  send  a  policy  to  a  broker  for  delivery  and  still  withhold 
from  him  authority  to  receive  payment  of  the  premium;  in  which 
event  he  would  not  be  the  company's  agent  for  the  purpose,  and  pay- 
ment to  him  would  not  bind  the  company,  provided  the  assured  liad 
notice  of  his  restricted  authority. 

Ineuranee—SUiiementt^Mat&rialitff, -—The  supreme  court  of  Min- 
nesota held,  in  the  recent  case  of  Ferine  v.  Grand  Lodge  of  Ancient 
Order  of  United  Workmen  of  Minnesota,  that  while  statements  made 
by  an  applicant  for  such  membership  (a  kind  of  life  insurance)  in 
answer  to  questions  formallj[  addressed  to  him  in  connection  with  such 
application  are  representations  only  and  not  warranties,  yet  such 
questions  being  material  the  answers  thereto,  so  far  as  nuitenal,  must 
be  substantially  true  or  the  policy  will  be  avoided,  even  in  the  absence 
of  fraud,  but  that  an  answer  given  to  a  material  question  may  be  im- 
material and  of  no  effect,  even  though  untrue  (in  the  absence  of  fraud), 
e,  g,,  where  the  fact  stated  is  not  of  itself  material,  and  is  so  irrespons- 

•  Bmployen  Liabilltr  Amot.  Oor.  v.  BinplovenLUbUUj  Ini.  Ca,  16  N.  T.  S.,  807. 

•  Indiana  Live  stock  Ins.  Ck>.  v.  Bogeman,  SO  N,  B.,  7. 

•  Detra  v.  Kestner  (Pa.  8.  C.)i  38  A.,  89K 

T  QUbert  v.  New  Zealand  Ins.  Co..  4S  Fed.  a,  884. 

•  Merchants  Ins.  Co.  v.  Prince,  68  N.  W.,  181. 

•  State  ex  ret  v.  TideUty  and  Casoalty  Co.  (Ohio  S.  0.;,  81  N.  W.,  866. 

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Legislation  tjPov  Inscbancb  in  I89d.  175 

ive  to  the  question  as  to  leave  that  wholly  unanswered.  The  latter 
ruling  was  made  concerning  a  question  asking  of  what  disease  the 
mother  of  the  applicant  died,  and  which  he  answered  by  saving  that  he 
did  not  know,  explaining  his  ignorance  by  statements  which  may  not 
have  been  in  accordance  wilh  the  facts.  The  court  further  held  that 
the  burden  is  on  the  insurer  to  allege  in  defense  and  to  prove  the  un- 
truthfulness of  representations  made  by  the  applicant. 

Legislation  upon  Insarance  In  1892.  Sixteen  state  and  terri- 
torial legislatures  were  in  session  during  the  year.  The  following  is  a 
summary  of  the  legislation  directly  or  indirectly  affecting  insurance: 

DiSTBiCT  OF  Columbia.  Congress  in  July,  1863,  passed  the  follow- 
ing act,  entitled  "an  act  to  provide  for  semi-annual  statements  by 
foreign  corporations  doing  business  in  the  District  of  Columbia.^' 
(Chapter  321,  laws  of  1892): 

Be  It  enacted  by  the  senate  and  hoose  of  repreaentatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  In  oongrees  asBembled,  That  any  insarance  company,  boiiding  association  or 
companv,  hanking  company,  savings  institation,  or  other  company  or  association 
advertising  for  or  receiving  premioms,  deposits,  or  dues  for  membership,  incorporated 


September  of  each  year,  a  fall  statement  onder  oath,  shomnfl;  their  capital  stock  and 
the  amoant  paid  in  on  accoant  of  the  same,  assets,  llabiUtiee,  debts,  deposits,  dividends, 
and  does,  as  well  as  their  carrent  expenses  daring  six  months  ending  janaary  and  Joly 
preceding. 

Sbo.  S.  That  any  snch  company,  association,  or  bistitation  failing  to  pablish  stlite- 
mentB  as  reqaired  by  the  first  section  of  this  act  shall  forfeit  its  right  to  do  basinese  in 
said  dlBtrict,  and  thereapon  it  shall  be  the  daty  of  said  commLwioners  to  revoke  its 
license  or  permit  it  to  do  bosiness  in  said  district;  provided^  That  fraternal  beneficiary 
aesociationa  or  societies  doing  business  on  the  lodge  plan  and  paying  death  beneflta  be 
exempted  from  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

An  attempt  made  by  the  District  Assessor  to  secure  a  modification 
of  this  law  by  congress  at  the  following  session,  was  not  successful. 
An  opinion  being  requested  of  the  attorney  of  the  District  Board  of 
Commissioners,  he  decided  that  the  law  simply  required  newspaper 
publication  during  the  months  of  March  and  September  of  each  year, 
and  did  not  require  a  duplicate  to  be  filed  with  the  commissioners. 

Gboboia.  During  the  session  a  valued-policy  bill  and  a  bill  enlarg- 
ing the  range  of  securities  composing  the  deposits  required  by  insur- 
ance companies  were  introduced,  and  a  special  committee  was  also 
api>ointed  by  the  house  to  consider  what  changes  were  desirable  in 
the  insurance  laws,  but,  without  action  upon  anv  of  these  matters,  the 
le^lature  adjourned  over  to  October,  1893.  All  unfinished  legislation 
will  take  precedence  of  new  business  when  the  legislature  re-assembles 
to  complete  the  session. 

Iowa.  Of  a  large  number  of  bills  affecting  insurance,  introduced 
during  the  session,  but  one  of  interest  to  companies  having  their 
domicils  outside  the  state,  became  a  law.  It  extended  the  provisions 
of  a  law  which  restricted  local  casualty  companies  to  one  kind  of  busi- 
ness in  the  state,  to  casualty  companies  of  other  states  and  countries. 
A  bill  subjecting  the  insurance  business  to  the  provisions  of  the  Iowa 
anti-trust  law  and  five  valued-policy  bills,  one  of  which  passed  the 
house  by  a  vote  of  85  to  10,  were  among  the  failures. 

Kbntuckt.  The  legislature  of  1892,  beine  the  first  under  the  new 
ftate  constitution,  was,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  vacation  in  the 


ltd  Lboislatiok  trPON  Iksuhancb  nr  18d!S. 

summer  of  1893,  in  continuous  session  through  that  year,  and  in  1893 
nearly  to  the  time  this  volume  went  to  press.  During  this  time  there 
was  much  futile  legislation,  and  some  that  was  successful.  A  bill 
prohibiting  writing  of  Kentucky  Are  insurance  risks  except  through 
resident  agents  passed  both  houses,  and  was  recalled  from  the  gover- 
nor before  ha  could  act  upon  it,  and  killed.  A  revenue  bill  which  was 
vetoed  by  the  governor  and  passed  over  the  veto,  contained  a  provis- 
ion reducing  the  tax  on  gross  premium  receipts  in  the  state  from  24 
per  cent,  to  2  per  cent.  A  bill  regulating  corporations  contained  a 
ciiapter  devoted  to  insurance  corporations  and  revised  the  laws  govern- 
ing them  without  noaking  serious  changes,  except  that  an  anti-rebate 
life  insurance  provision  was  inserted.  (Bee  Anti-Rebate  Laws.)  Other 
bills  which  became  laws  were:  (1.)  Authorizing  fidelity  and  guaran- 
tee companies  of  other  states  to  do  business  in  the  state.  (2.)  Pro- 
viding for  the  incorporation  of  county  and  town  cooperative  fire  in- 
surance associations.  (3.)  A  modified  valued-policy  law.  The  full 
text  of  this  is  as  follows: 

Section  1.  That  insarance  companies  tbat  take  fire  or  storm  risks  on  real  property 
„  this  commonwealth  shall,  on  all  policies  issued  after  this  act  takes  effect  (in  case  of 
total  loss  thereof  by  fire  or  storm),  be  liable  for  the  full  ratimated  value  of  the  property 


in  this  commonwealth  shall,  on  all  policies  issued  after  this  act  takes  effect  (in  case  of 
total  loss  thereof  by  fire  or  storm),  be  liable  for  the  full  ratimated  value  of  the  property 
insured  as  the  value  thereof  is  fixed  in  the  face  of  the  policy,  and  in  cases  of  partial  loss 
of  the  property  Insured,  the  liability  of  the  company  shall  not  exceed  the  actual  loss  of 
the  party  insured;  provided,  that  the  estimated  value  of  the  property  insured  may  be 


tween  t 

be  lUble  t 

pany  be  misled  thereby. 

The  emergency  clause  not  having  been  attached  to  this  bill  it  does 
not  go  into  effect  until  ninety  days  after  the  adjournment  of  the  legis- 
lature. 

Louisiana.  There  was  a  general  insurance  bill,  an  anti-compact 
bill,  one  requiring  each  non-state  company  doing  business  in  the  state 
to  deposit  $100,000  with  the  state  treasurer,  and  a  valued-policy  bill; 
but  ail  failed. 

Mabtlaio}.  The  successful  insurance  legislation  of  the  session 
consisted  of  a  modification  of  the  an ti -rebate  Taw  providing  that  the 
informer  shall  receive  one-half  of  the  penalty,  a  law  providing  for  the 
publication  of  the  annual  statements  of  insurance  companies  in 
counties,  and  one  changing  the  manner  of  organizing  assessment  aaso- 
ciations.    An  anti-compact  bill  was  introduced  but  failed. 

Mabsachubbttb.  Attention  was  given  throughout  the  session  to 
the  endowment  assessment  concerns,  but  the  latter  succeeded  finally  in 
staving  off  all  legislation  designed  for  their  destruction.  The  bills 
which  became  laws  were:  amending  the  law  regulating  mutual  boiler 
insurance;  relating  to  the  taxation  of  certain  accident,  fidelity,  and 
guaranty  companies,  and  facilitating  the  closing  up  of  insolvent 
fraternal  beneficiary  and  assessment  endowment  companies.  The  text 
of  these  laws  was  published  in  Ths  Weekly  Underwriter  of  June  18, 
1892. 

Mississippi.  The  legislature,  which  was  the  first  held  under  the 
new  constitution,  adopted  an  entirely  new  insurance  code.  This  con- 
tained a  valued-policy  clause  and  a  provision  permitting  unauthorized 
fire  companies  to  write  all  the  business  they  can  in  the  state  providing 


LttOidLAinoir  m>oK  Inbitrancb  ik  1892.  177 

thej  cut  the  rates  of  licensed  companies  at  least  one-half  per  cent.  An 
attempt  to  restore  the  deposit  feature  of  the  old  law  did  not  succeed. 
The  new  code  in  other  respects  presents  no  features  of  importance 
differing  from  the  general  insurance  laws  of  other  states. 

Nbw  Jebsbt.  The  only  insurance  bills  of  interest  which  became 
laws  were:  proyiding  for  a  standard  fire  insurance  policy  similar  in 
form  to  that  adopted  by  New  York  and  Pennsylyania;  amending  the 
law  taxinj^  certain  corporations  and  amending  the  act  to  provide  for 
the  organization  of  fire  patrols. 

Nkw  Yobk.  The  most  important  work  of  the  session  respecting  in- 
surance was  the  adoption  of  the  new  general  insurance  code.  Two 
supplemental  insurance  laws  were  pass^,  one  forbidding  the  inclusion 
of  anv  fee  or  charge  in  the  premium  of  a  fire  policy  as  the  considera- 
tion for  insurance;  the  other  permitting  fire  and  marine  insurance 
companies  to  do  both  kinds  of  insurance  m  the  state. 

Ohio.  The  first  session  of  the  Ohio  legislation  of  1892-8  closed 
without  the  passage  of  any  bill  affecting  insurance  companies  of  other 
states.  Only  two  insurance  bills  were  enacted  into  laws.  One  of 
these  amended  section  8234  of  the  revised  statutes  relating  to  a  few 
local  fire  insurance  companies  which  hold  charters  granted  by  the 
legislatures  prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  present  constitution  of  the 
state.  It  requires  them  to  nuike  reports  to  the  state  insurance  depart- 
ment but  without  affecting  their  corporate  rights.  The  second  bill 
adopted  amended  section  282  of  the  revised  statutes  so  as  to  provide 
that  the  fees  paid  for  the  examination  of  life  insurance  companies  may 
be  used  by  the  superintendent  without  a  special  act  by  the  legislature 
making  an  appropriation.  All  other  insurance  bills  not  acted  upon 
were  held  over  to  the  adjourned  session  of  January,  1898.  Among 
these  was  the  Shaw  non-forfeiture  life  insurance  bill. 

South  Carolina.  A  bill  establishing  a  state  department  of  insur- 
ance and  one  requiring  a  deposit  of  $25,000  in  state  bonds  by  each 
non-state  insurance  company  doing  business  in  the  state  failed  to  pass. 
The  only  successful  insurance  legislation  was  the  foUowiog  bill  to  tax 
insurance  companies,  and  require  a  deposit  from  surety  companies  as 
follows: 

Section  1.  That  foreign  insarancc  companiee  of  all  classes,  such  as  Are,  life, 
marine,  surety,  secarity,  gaarantee,  hailstorm,  live  stock,  accident,  plate  glnss  and  other 
like  Invurance  companies,  foreign  land  loan  associatioim,  foreign  building  and  loan 
anociaUons.  foreign  banking  associations,  and  all  other  like  classes  of  like  business  not 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  South  Carolina,  except  national  banks,  and  except 
benevolent  Institutions  organized  under  the  grand  loagc  nystem,  shall  each,  before 
transacting  any  business  m  this  state,  pay  a  license  fee  of  one  hundred  dollars  to  the 
comptroller-general  at  the  date  and  time  now  required  by  law  for  insurance  companies 
to  par  license  fees. 

Sisc.  S.  That  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  one  of  such  foreign  companies  as  are  re- 
quired by  secUon  1  of  this  Act  to  obtain  licenses  and  pay  license  fees  to  transact  any 
basineea  in  this  state  nntil  they  shall  have  and  keep  some  dul  v  appointed  resident  agent 
in  this  state,  on  whom  legal  process  may  be  served  so  as  to  bind  the  company  he  repre- 
sents, and  service  of  process  upon  his  agent  at  his  main  office  shall  be  sufficient  to  give 
Juiifldictioa  to  the  court  issuing  in  any  county  in  this  state,  and  every  resident  agent 
shall  retain  to  the  county  auditor  of  each  county  liis  gross  reoeipbB  from  said  counties 
for  taxation  as  other  property  is  returned  for  taxation. 

The  law  was  further  amended  in  reference  to  surety  companies, 
requiring  a  deposit  of  (25,000»  but  only  where  they  undertake  to  be- 
come surety  for  the  officials  of  the  coimties  and  state,  but  it  does  not 

9  _•  .,„__, ^. 


178  LiFB  Inbubancb  Aogrboatbs  IK  1892. 

apply  to  the  business  of  surety  companies  in  their  transactions  with 
other  citizens  of  the  state. 

Tennessee.  March  80,  1892,  the  attorney-general  of  Tennessee 
filed  an  opinion  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  taxation  section  of  the  revised 
insurance  law  passed  by  the  legislature  in  1891.  He  held  that  all  for- 
eign corporations  doing  business  in  the  state  must  file  charters  with  the 
secretary  of  state  and  abstracts  in  every  county  in  which  they  do  busi- 
ness. Insurance  companies,  he  held,  could  not  be  excepted.  He 
further  decided  that  the  tax  of  ten  and  twenty  dollars  on  each  agent 
or  agency  should  be  paid  to  the  state,  and  that  cities  could  not  Uvy  a 
similar  tax. 

Texas.  There  was  a  special  session  of  the  legislature  in  April, 
during  which  an  anti-trust  bill,  which  included  insurance  companies 
within  its  folds,  provided  for  the  arrest,  extradition,  transportaiton  to 
and  trial  in  Texas  of  oflScers  and  managers  of  companies  which  com- 
bined to  regulate  rates  in  Texas.     The  bill  did  not  get  through. 

United  States  Congress.  A  bill  to  establish  a  national  bureau 
of  insurance  supervision  was  introduced  in  the  house  of  representa- 
tives by  Mr.  Pattison  of  Ohio  and  referred  to  the  committee  on  inter- 
state and  foreign  commerce,  where  it  rested.  The  full  text  of  the  bill 
was  printed  in  The  Weekly  Underwriter  of  July  30,  1892.  It  provided 
for  a  bureau  of  insurance  in  the  treasury  department  under  the  charge 
of  a  commissioner  of  insurance,  to  be  appointed  by  the  president  for 
four  years,  and  to  receive  an  annual  salary  of  $5,000.  Provision  was 
made  for  deposits  by  companies  with  the  secretary  of  the  treasury, 
annual  statements  to  the  bureau,  and  the  other  machinery  of  super- 
vision BOW  exercised  by  the  state  insurance  departments.  The  cost  of 
maintaining  the  bureau  was  to  be  apportioned  among  the  companies 
according  to  their  assets. 

Vermont.  A  valued-policy  bill  and  a  bill  establishing  a  standard 
fire  insurance  policy  were  killed.  The  only  bill  passed  was  one  for- 
bidding the  writing  of  fire  insurance  risks  in  the  state  except  through 
resident  agents. 

Virginia.  No  bills  of  interest  to  other  than  local  insurance  com- 
panies became  laws  in  1892. 

Life  Insurance  Aggregates  In  1892.  The  report  of  the  New 
York  state  insurance  department  for  1893  gave  the  following  totals  of 
life  insurance  business  (not  including  industrial  business)  transacted  in 
1892  bjr  companies  reporting  to  the  department.  The  returns  cover 
the  business  of  all  the  large  companies  of  the  United  States. 

Nnmber  of  companies, 31 

Groee  assets, $903,714,687 

Gross  liabilities,  except  capital, ^.  789,674,017 

Sarplns  to  policy-holaers, 114,060,690 

Premium  receipts  in  1802, 180,606,166 

Total  receipU  in  1892 333,094.908 

Losses  paid  in  1899, 73,676,867 

Lapsed,  sarrendered.  and  purchased  policies,        ....  16,668,789 

Dividends  to  policy-holders  in  1892, 14,386,196 

Dividends  to  stockholders  iu  1899, 603,788 

Commissions  paid  in  1892, 24,461,161 

Salaries  and  medical  fees  in  1892, 10,140407 

Toul  disbursements  in  1893, 163,800,888. 

Policies  issued,  number,    ..•...,.    ^^  348,680 

Digitized  by  VjOC  j^ . ^ 


tilFB  tKBTJBAKCB  ASSOCIATION  OF  NbW  ToRK.  179 

Policlw  luaed,  amount. $947,804,388 

Policiei  In  force,  D«c  81, 1893,  namber, 1,68S,819 

Polieiee  in  force,  Dec  81, 1892,  amoaut, $4,199,444,897 

See  also  "Industrial  Life  Insurance  Business,"  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  above. 

▲SSESSMBNT  BUSINESS. 

Number  of  aaeociationa, 109 

Total  receipts  in  1899, 91,809,469 

Paid  for  clainui, 14,199.587 

Paid  for  expeneea 6,764,419 

Total  dSBborsements 19,876,949 

Number  of  policies  written 966,886 

Namber  of  policies  in  force  December  81, 649,648 

niATBBNAL  BINIFIOIABT  SOCIXTISB. 

Number  of  societies 88 

Total  receipts  in  1899, $99,881,696 

Paid  for  claims, 91,017,816 

Paid  for  expenses, 1,041,289 

Total  disboTsements, »,088,664 

Namber  of  policies  written, 186,157 

Number  of  policies  in  force  December  81, 849,688 

For  Other  statistics  regarding  assessment  (mutual  life  and  accident 
underwriters)  and  fraternal  societies  see  those  subjects  and  also 
appendix. 

Life  Insnranee  Association  of  New  Jersey  was  organized  at 
Newark  June  28, 1892,  with  the  following  officers:  President,  Edward 
Sill  of  the  National  Life  of  Vermont;  vice-presidents,  0.  D.  Paul  of 
the  Northwestern  Mutual,  and  A.  W.  Braj  of  the  Massachusetts 
Mutual ;  secretair,  George  F.  Hadley  of  the  Brooklyn  Life;  treasurer, 
J.  S.  Edwards  of  the  New  York  Life.  The  present  officers  and  ex- 
ecutive  committee,  who  were  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  Febru- 
ary, 1898,  are  as  follows :  President,  A.  W.  Bray  of  the  Massachusetts 
Mutual;  first  vice-president,  Geo.  B.  Raymond,  of  the  Mutual  Life; 
second  vice-president,  J.  Wm.  Campbell  of  the  Equitable;  third  vice- 
president,  T.  G.  Conway  of  thePenn  Mutual;  secretary,  L.  W.  Fris- 
bee  of  the  Prudential;  treasurer,  Geo.  H.  Simonds  of  the  Home; 
executive  committee,  Geo.  F.  Hadley,  chairman,  Brooklyn  Life;  C. 
D.  Paul  of  the  Northwestern;  C.  C.  Herrick  of  the  .astna;  Geo.  W. 
Willis  of  the  New  England. 

Life  Insnranee  Association  of  New  York  was  organized  in  the 
city  of  New  York  January  18,  1887,  the  first  officers  being  Charles  H. 
Raymond  of  the  Mutual  Life,  president;  Gilford  Morse  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Mutual,  first  vice-president;  L.  Spencer  Goble  of  the  Mutual 
Benefit,  second  vice-president;  Alvah  W.  Brown  of  the  Mutual  Life, 
third  vice-president;  Charles  T.  Dun  well  of  the  Berkshire  Life,  secre- 
tary; George  F.  Hadley  of  the  Brooklyn  Life,  treasurer. 

The  presidents  since  organization  have  been:  1887,  Charles  H. 
Raymond  of  the  Mutual  Life;  1889,  L.  Spencer  Goble  of  the  Mutual 
Benefit;  1890,  Gilford  Morse  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual;  1891, 
Georro  P.  Haskell  of  the  New  York  Life;  1892,  Tilden  Blodgett  of 
the  Equitable  Life;  1893,  George  F.  Hadley  of  the  Brooklyn  Life. 

The  officers  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1892  were:  Tilden 
Blodgett,  president;  Julius  F.  Gerow,  first  vice-president;  Robert  L 
Murray,  second  vice-president;  A.  L.  Grabf elder,  third  vice-president; 
Ezra  De  Forest,  treasurer;  W.  M.  Datesman,  secretary. 


ogle 


^i 


ISO  LtFB  ttrsCRANCS  ClRA^RIKO  CoMtPAKT. 

The  present  officers,  elected  at  the  anDual  meeting  February  38, 
_93,  are  :  George  F.  Hadley,  president;  Byron  A.  .^als,  first  vice- 
president;  C.  M.  Marvin,  second  vice-president;  Moses  Steams,  third 
vice-president;  William  H.  Smith,  secretary;  Ezra  De  Forest,  treas- 
urer; Tilden  Blodgett,  Charles  H.  Raymond,  George  P.  Haskell,  and 
William  Ratcliffe,  executive  committtee. 

Life  Insurance  Association  of  Tennessee  and  Alabama   was 
organized  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn. ,  November  17, 1891.    The  first  officers 
t,5l  were:    Thomas  Peters  of  the  Washington  Life,  president;  Jonathan 

r^/     V        W.  Jackson,  vice-president  for  Tennessee,  C.  V.  LeCraw,  vioe-preai- 
/L-  dent  for  Alabama,  Lucius  D.  Drewry,  secretary. 

'  The  first  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Nashville,  April  27, 1892. 

Amendments  were  made  to  the  constitution  and  by-laws,  the  most  im- 
portant of  which  provided  that  no  memlner  of  the  association  shall 
employ  an  agent  already  under  contract  with  another  member,  or  so  long 
as  the  agent  remains  indebted  to  a  member  for  any  advance  on  accouot 
of  commissions  on  business  secured  or  to  be  secured  or  premiums  col- 
lected, withheld,  or  appropriated,  or  for  any  act  of  dishonesty;  also 
that  where  an  agent  violates  his  contract  and  breaks  faith  with  a 
member  the  latter  shall  notify  the  secretary,  who  at  once  shall  warn  all 
members  against  the  person.  Officers  were  elected  as  follows: 
Thomas  Peters,  president;  John  B.  Pirtle  and  P.  T.  Throop,  vice- 
presidents;  C.  V.  LeCraw,  secretary;  L.  D.  Drewry,  treasurer. 

Life  Insurance  Association  of  the  Garollnas  was  organized 
at  Columbia,  S.  C,  in  November,  1890,  agents  from  North  and  South 
Carolina  uniting  in  the  organization.  J.  D.  Church  of  Charlotte  was 
elected  president;  J.  C.  Drewry  and  W.  J.  Roddy,  vice-presidents;  S. 
L.  Adams  of  Durham,  North  Carolina,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The 
present  officers  of  the  association  who  were  elected  at  the  annual 
meeting  held  at  Rock  Hill,  N.  C,  January  20,  1893,  are:  PresidenC, 
J.  C.  Drewry;  vice-president  for  North  Carolina,  H.  H.  Lane;  vice- 
president  for  South  Carolina,  W.  M.  Hutson;  secretary,  J.  L.  Adams; 
treasurer,  J.  S.  Coles,  Jr. ;  executive  committee,  W.  J.  Roddy  (chair- 
man), Walter  Breur,  William  Russ,  R.  J.  filalock,  and  J.  R.  Einnsey. 

Life  Insurance  by  the  State  was  advocated  by  Edward  BeHamy's 
paper,  the  New  Nati&n,  in  November,  1892.    The  writer  said : 

Meanwhile,  howeTer,  there  \b  a  great  need  for  some  sort  of  insaranoe  system  which 
shall,  without  recogDizlng  classes,  furnish  the  cheapest  possible  sort  of  safe  piovisum 
for  old  age  and  the  support  of  families  after  death  of  bread  winners.  This  provifiloii 
can.  for  the  present,  best  be  found  in  state  life  insurance,  which,  on  a  strictly  bnainees 
basis  (and  the  whole  scheme  of  nationalism  is  on  a  strictly  business  basis),  will  brin^ 
absolutely  safe  insurance  within  the  reach  of  all  insurable  persons  at  one-third  what 
private  companies  now  charge.  The  American  workingmau  should,  and  we  believe 
will,  demtina  his  rights,  not  as  a  member  of  a  class  but  as  a  member  of  a  nation,  not  as  a 
worKiugman  but  as  a  citizen.  The  private  life  insurance  companies  here,  as  well  as  in 
Europe  and  Qr^t  Britiiin,  would  like  nothing  better  than  to  get  the  public  interested  In 
these  public  charitable  pension  schemes,  which  would  brand  cheap  insurance  as  an 
eleemosynary  sort  of  thing  not  at  all  in  the  same  category  with  sound  business.  Thla. 
however,  cannot  be  permitted.  Cheap  life  insurance  7s  good  business  and  need  not  de- 
pend on  state  aid  or  special  favors  of  any  sort.  Let  us  have  state  life  insoiaiwe. 
Let  us  have  insurance  that  will  be  at  once  sure  and  cheap,  instead  of  the  utide  fur- 
nished by  the  private  insurance  companies,  which  is  at  once  dear  and  donbtfnl. 

Life  Insurance  Clearing  company  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  began 
business  March  24, 1892,  the  date  of  its  license  by  the  Minnesota  in- 
surance department.    The  purpose  of  this  company  is  the  insurance 


LiFB  Iksubaitce  Policisb  Not  Taebn. 


181 


of  perdODS  who,  either  from  personal  defect  or  hereditary  disposition 
fall  below  the  average  standard  of  health  or  insurableness  recognized 
by  life  insurance  companies  in  general.  It  does  not  include,  however, 
those  who  are  in  bad  health  or  actually  afflicted  with  an  incurable 
disease.  The  plan  upon  which  the  company  operates  was  devised  by 
L.  G.  Fouse  of  Philadelphia. 

Life  Insurance  Companies,  American,  Foreign  Baslness  of. 
[See  Foreign  Business.] 

Life  Insurance  Company  of  Minneapolis  filed  articles  of  in- 
corporation at  St.  Paul,  Minn. ,  June  25,  1892,  the  capital  to  be  $100,000. 
The  board  of  directors  was  composed  of  the  following  persons:  John 
S.  Pilsburv.  ex-Governor  A.  R.  McGill,  0.  M.  Loriner,  E.  C.  Babb,  T. 
B.  Walker,  E.  M.  Mabie,  F.  L.  Gilbert,  Carman  N.  Smith,  A.  M. 
Allen,  George  F.  Roberts,  W  F.  Ustick,  Emerson  C«  le,  W.  M.  Tenny, 
and  F.  G.  James  of  Minneapolis,  and  Walter  S.  Miinor  of  Excelsior, 
Minn. 

Life  Insnrance,  Effects  of  Selection  In.  [See  Selection,  Life 
Insurance.] 

Life  Insnrance  in  the  Courts.  [See  Legal  Decisions  AJtecting 
Insurance.] 

Life  Insnrance  Policies.    [See  Policy  Forms,  Life.] 

Life  Insurance  Policies  Not  Taken.  The  following  is  a  tabu- 
lated btatement  of  the  amount  of  business  written  by  each  life  insur- 
ance company  in  1892,  which  was  not  taken  by  those  for  whom  pol- 
icies were  issued: 


Compaoiefi. 


Mtna, $ 

Bankers 

Berkshire 

Brooklyn 

Citizens 

C'ommercial  Alliance 
Connecticut  General. 
Connecticut  Mataal. . , 
( 'ovenant  Mntnal . . . . 

PCqnitable,  Iowa I 

Equitable,  New  York 

(;«rmania 

Home  Life 

John  Hancock 

Kansas  Mataal 

Lire  Indem.  &  Invest. 
Life  Ins.  Clearing.... 

Manhattan 

Maryland 

Mass.  Mutual 

Metropolitan 

Michigan  Mutual .... 
Muto^,  Baltimore... 
Mutual,  Kentucky. . . 


Policies 
written. 
Amount. 


Policies 
not  taken. 
Amount  I 


Companies. 


25,471,104 
1,004,150 
8,716,696 
1,006,889 
420,408 
7,537,120 
2,106,4.38 

12,275,024 

1,617,975 

1,667,806 

200,490,8161 

12,685,479! 

12,784,403' 
8,433,090 
2,340,0001 
4,189,94! 
2,955,000 

14,1»1,560 
1,428,241 

30,462,188 

2,002,641 

8,319,7671 

256,307 

1,968,850 


$5,095,696' 

193,250 

1,607,5001 

110,000' 

43,200 

585,260 

408,000; 

684,000 

94,336 

68,600 

89,252,168 

1,117,846 

2,164,0001 

441,500; 

8,000 

841,000 

1,504,600 

3,999,057 

123,000 

3,169,100 

26,000 

619,440 

6,000 

221,200 


Mutual,  New  York.S 

Mutual  Benefit 

National,  Vermont.. 

New  England 

New  York  Life... 
Northwestern  .... 
Pacific  Mutual.... 

Penn  Mutual 

Phoenix  Mutual... 
Provid't  Life  &  Trust 
Provident  Savings. . . 

Prudential 

Royal  Union 

State  Mutual 

Travelers 

Union  Central 

Union  Life 

Union  Mutual 

United  States 

Vermont 

Washington 


Total $ 


Policies 
written. 
Amount. 


Policies 

not  taken. 

Amount. 


162,929,748 
30,623,721 
1"H77,t7S 

1^  'Muiae 

r.-^i'iij  C70 
;ii..4r4,8Rfl 

:;.■!. f',6in 
■j'.i.^i.i  r> 

ltt,&l7,5]ri 
0,ti80JX<7) 


M,M5,74: 


»,087,688 

1,S17.500 

S4,3nfi,S0S 

8,043.712 

lissSoTS 

836,500 

1,712,000 

862,000 

28,000 

773,500 

8,308,248 

4,404,284 

77,.500 

1,182,900 

2,058,600 

70,500 

2,088,540 


it<J,&15,345  168,570,645 


The  percentage  of  i^ot  taken  business  to  total  busiuess  written  was  t 
174.  ^.       > Ogle 


183    LiFB  Undbrwrttbrb  Association,  Distbict  of  Columbia. 

Lift  Insaranee ;  Proofs  of  Death.  All  life  iosurance  comptLiiiee 
require  proofs  of  death  on  tiieir  owq  blanks,  which  will  be  furnished 
on  application.  These  consist,  in  most  cases,  of  certlflcates  of  the 
claimant  as  to  fact  and  causes  of  death,  certificate  of  attending 
physician,  certificate  of  friend  as  to  identity,  certificate  of  undertaker 
or  clergyman,  or  copy  of  record  of  burial.  These  certificates  must  be 
sworn  to  and  in  some  cases  attested  by  seal  of  a  court  of  record.  The 
object  of  these  various  certificates  is  to  establish  the  identity  of  de- 
cease with  the  assured,  and  to  make  sure  of  the  fact  of  death.  Aa 
these  several  requirements  are  substantially  alike,  and  as  each  com- 
pany's blanks  are  to  be  used,  the  details  in  each  case  seem  unnecessary 
.    in  a  work  of  this  kind. 

Life  Insurance  Solicitors,  Association  of.  [See  Association  of 
Life  Insurance  Solicitors.] 

Life  Underwritors'  Association  of  Chicago  was  organized 
January  15,  1889,  the  initial  meeting  looking  towaid  the  formation  of 
the  association  being  held  December  7,  1888. 

The  original  oflScers  were:  J.  W.  Janney,  president;  A.  L.  Chet- 

lain,    first  vice-president;  W.  8.   Swymmer,  second  vice-president; 

John  H.   Nolan,  secretary;    L.   A.  Spicer,  treasurer.    The  present 

officers,  who  were  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  February  21,  1893, 

are   John  K.   Steams,  president;   William    A.  Newell,    George  F. 

^  Schillinff,  vice-presidents;  Lawrence  A.  Spicer,  secretary;  Charles  A. 

ClU   Weidenfeller,  treasurer;  Ben  Williams,  W.  D.  Wyman,  8.  L.  Fuller, 

I  1    \  Ira  J.  Mason,  and  Charles  H.  Ferguson,  executive  committee. 

^'Vl  4-  ^''^  Underwriters  Association  of  Columbus,  Oa.,  was  organized 

^  I  '         in  July,  1892,  with  G.  G.  Miles  as  president;  D.  F.  Wilcox,  vice- 
y^         president;  and  M.  J.  Moses,  secretary. 

Life   Underwriters   Association  of  Eastern  New  York    was 

organized  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  September,  1891,  with  D.  L.  Boardman 
of  Troy  as  president;  W.  H.  Haskell  of  Albany,  first  vice-president; 
D.  H.  Baker  of  Troy,  second  vice-president;  J.  Allen  of  Troy,  secre- 
tary; and  H.  S.  Bull  of  Albany,  treasurer.  The  present  president  is 
D.  H.  Ayers  of  Albany,  and  the  secretary  is  J.  O.  Barnes,  also  of 
Albany. 

Life  Underwriters  As80cla(ionS>f  Kentucky  was  organized 
August  29,  1892,  at  the  office  of  the  Louisville  Insurance  Herald,  with 
the  following  officers:  President,  Charles  D.  Jacob,  president  Mueaai 
Life  of  Kentucky;  first  vice-president,  T.  A.  Lyon,  manager  Equitable 
Life;  second  vice-president,  A.  S.  Willis,  president  Sun  Life  of  Ken- 
tucky; secreta^,  James  B.  Gwathmey,  manager  United  States  Life; 
treasurer,  M.  M.  Casseday,  general  agent  National  Life  of  Vermont. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  liOnlsiana  was  organized  at 
New  Orleans,  December  10,  1891.  the  officers  being  T.  H.  Bowles, 
president;  John  G.  Aiken,  vice-president;  and  W.  TT  Wheeler,  secre- 
taiT  and  treasurer.  The  present  officers  are  T.  H.  Bowles,  president, 
ana  W.  R.  Haile,  secretary. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  the  District  of  Colnmbla 

was  organized  November  29,  1890,  the  officers  being  Thomas  P. 
Morgan,  Jr.,  president;  James  S.  Jordan,  vicej)re8ident ;  H.  H.  Berg- 
mann,  treasurer;  M.  H.  Acheson,  secretary.    The  present  president  ia 


LiTCHFiBLD,  Edward.  183 

Thomas  P.  Morgan,  Jr.,  and  Becretary  Frank  E.  Raymond,  both  of 
Washington. 

Life  UnderwiiterB  Association  of  Western  New  Yorlc  was 

organized  in  1886,  the  original  officers  being:  William  G.  Justice, 
president;  Joseph  W.  Pressey,  first  vice-president;  William  H. 
Formosa,  second  vice-president;  William  Manning,  secretary;  Ralph 
Butler,  treasurer.  The  present  officers,  who  were  elected  at  the  annual 
meeting  held  at  Rochester,  April  1,  1893,  are:  W.  G.  Justice  of  the 
Provident  Life  &  Trust,  presiaent;  Henry  Wertimer  of  the  Prudential 
Life,  first  vice-president;  A.  B.  Abernethy  of  the  Phoenix  Mutual, 
second  vice-president;  William  Manning  of  the  United  States  Life, 
secretary  and  treasurer;  H.  8.  Munson  of  the  MintL,  J.  W.  Pressev 
of  the  Penn  Mutual,  M.  D.  L.  Hayes  of  the  Northwestern,  W.  G. 
Btaniland  of  the  Metropolitan,  Warren  Craig  of  the  John  Hancock, 
executive  committee. 

Life  Underwriters  Associations.  |Tor  a  list  of  local  associations 
composing  the  National  Association  of  Life  Underwriters,  see  National 
Association.] 

OBNSRAL  OROANIZATI0N8  OF  LIFE  UNDERWRITBRS. 

ActQAiial  Society  of  America. 

American  Faculty  of  Actuaries  (ameMment). 

AMOclatioD  of  Lue  Insurance  Medical  Directors  of  America. 

International  Association  of  Accident  Underwriters  (assessment). 

Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Underwriters  of  America  (asKessment). 

National  Fraternal  Congress  (Fraternal  Beneficiary  Orders). 

National  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Life  Underwriters,  National  Association  of.  [See  National 
Association  of  Life  Underwriters.] 

Linehan,  John  G«,  insurance  commissioner  of  New  Hampshire, 
was  born  at  Macroom,  County  Cork,  Ireland,  February  9,  1840.  He 
served  through  the  war  in  the  Union  army,  coming  out  with  a  colonel's 
commission,  and  was  a  merchant  at  Penacook,  N.  H.,  from  1866  to 
1890.  when  be  was  appointed  insurance  commissioner.  Col.  Linehan 
has  been  in  both  branches  of  the  Concord  city  government,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  governor's  executive  council  one  term.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  National  convention  of  insurance  department  com- 
missioners at  the  meeting  in  1892.  The  degree  of  A.M.  has  been  con- 
ferred on  Col.  LiDchan  by  Dartmouth  college. 

^^  Lippiucott,  Henry  G.,  manager  of  agencies  for  the  Penn  Mutual 
Life  insurance  company,  was  bom  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  12, 1844. 
He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Central  High  School  of  that  city.  In  Majr, 
1865,  be  was  admitted  to  the  Philadelphia  bar  and  practiced  law  until 
1869,  when  he  removed  to  Colorado,  where  he  taught  school,  mined, 
wrote  for  the  newspapers,  and  hustled  generally.  He  found  his  true 
vocation  in  life  insurance,  to  which  he  has  devoted  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  He  entered  the  office  of  the  Penn  Mutual,  February  1,  1874,  and 
served  in  various  capacities  until  he  was  appointed  manager  of  agencies 
in  January,  1889. 

Litchfield,  £dward,  resident  United  States  manager  for  the  Lan- 
cashire insurance  company,  was  born  on  the  island  of  Jamaica  in  1845. 
Qe  received  his  education  in  England  and  entered  the  office  of  the 


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184     LlVSBPOOL  AHD  LOHDON  AND  GlOBB  IhSITRAKCB  CoMPAKT. 

Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  in  1864  and  renudned  there  fourteen 
years  as  clerk  in  the  foreign  department.  Subsequentlj  he  was  chicsf 
secretary  of  the  Scottish  Commercial  of  Glasgow,  then  sub-manager  in 
the  United  States  from  1880  to  1884,  when  he  was  advanced  to  the 
managership.  Mr.  Litchfield  is  an  ardent  American  citizen  and  took 
part  with  zoed  in  the  political  campaign  in  New  York  in  the  autumn 
of  1892. 

Lltchfleldy  George  A.,  president  of  the  Massachusetts  Benefit 
Association  of  Boston,  was  bom  at  Scituate,  Mass.,  and  prepared  him- 
self for  college  largely  by  studying  while  at  work  upon  a  shoemaker's 
bench.  He  was  two  years  at  Brown  University  and  resided  in  1861 
to  enter  the  ministry  at  Winchendon,  Mass.  Ill  health  forced  him  to 
abandon  a  professional  career  in  1866,  and  subsequently  he  represented 
a  large  life  insurance  company  several  years  in  western  Massachusetts. 
In  1872  he  became  partner  in  the  large  tack  manufacturing  firm  of 
Brigbam»  Litchflel^  &  Yinin^.  at  Whitman,  Mass.  Seven  years  later 
he  sold  his  interest  in  the  business  to  devote  himself  wholly  to  the  pro- 
motion of  the  Massachusetts  Benefit,  of  which  he  was  the  founder  and 
which  under  his  management  has  become  one  of  the  largest  assessment 
companies  of  the  country.     [See  Massachusetts  BenefltJ 

Lirerpool  and  London  and  Globe  insurance  company  of  Liver- 
pool. Mr.  George  Orooke  of  Crooke  &  Warren,  resident  secretaries  of 
the  western  department  at  Chicago,  retired  from  the  firm  December 
31,  1892,  after  twenty  years'  service  for  the  company.  His  associate, 
William  S.  Warren,  was  appointed  sole  secretarv,  with  George  H. 
Moore  (who  had  been  Michigan  state  agent),  and  John  V.  Thomas 
(who  had  been  Illinois  state  agent),  as  assistant  secretaries. 

The  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  was  granted  its  original  deed 
of  settlement  May  21,  and  began  business  June  1,  1886,  the  name  at 
the  beginning  being  '*The  Liverpool  insurance  company."  In  1848, 
the  title  was  chang^  to  **  The  Liverpool  and  London  insurance  com- 
pany." on  account  of  the  success  experienced  by  the  company  in  the 
British  metropolis.  When  the  business  of  the  Globe  insurance  com- 
pany was  absorbed  in  1864,  the  title  became  "The  Liverpool  and  Lon- 
don and  Globe  insurance  company."  The  deed  of  settlement  author- 
ized the  transaction  of  fire  and  life  insurance,  both  lines  beins  con- 
ducted by  the  company  in  Great  Britain.  Its  operations  in  the  United 
States  have  been  restricted  to  a  regular  fire  business  since  1882.  For 
nearly  twenty  years  prior  to  that  time  the  company  carried  on  a  life 
business  here  and  the  deposit  of  $100,000  with  the  r^ew  York  depart- 
ment for  the  ben(  fit  of  policy-holders  is  still  presented  in  the  annua] 
reports  of  the  superintendent  of  insurance.  The  company's  first  agency 
in  the  United  States  was  established  in  1848.  The  first  board  of  direc- 
tors in  New  York  was  organized  in  1851.  Alfred  Pell,  who  had 
represented  the  company  in  r^ew  York  from  the  beginning  of  its  buai. 
ness  in  1848  was  appointed  resident  secretary.  Regular  fire  insurance 
was  the  original  line  of  business  adopted.  In  1851,  agencies  were  es- 
tablished at  Philadelphia  and  at  other  important  points.  The  net  fire 
premiums  during  the  first  year  of  the  company's  operations  in  the  United 
States  amounted  to  $4,519.  In  1878,  the  net  premiums  aggregated 
|2,422,126.    The  loss  experienced  in  th9  Chicago  confiagration  hj  th^ 


Llotdb.  185 

Liyerpool  and  London  and  Globe  was  $8»239,091,  and  in  the  Boston 
fire  in  1873,  $1.427, 390,  and  all  these  claims  were  promptly  paid. 

In  1871,  J.  E.  Pulsford  was  appointed  resident  secretary,  succeeding 
Alfred  Pell,  who  became  the  manager  of  the  company's  business  in  the 
United  States  in  1848.  Mr.  Pulsford  remained  in  control  until  June 
10, 1887,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  advanced  years.  The  com- 
pany appointed  him  a  member  of  the  New  York  board  of  trustees  and 
made  provision  for  his  old  age  as  testimony  of  its  appreciation  of  his 
past  services  and  respect  for  bim  personally.  Henry  W.  Eaton  was 
appointed  resident  manaeer,  being  advanced  from  the  position  of 
deputy  under  Manager  Pulsford,  and  has  since  been  in  charge  of  the 
company's  operations  in  the  United  States.  George  W.  Hoyt  is  the 
deputy  manager  under  Mr.  Eaton.  The  resident  secretaries  are : 
Chicago  office,  William  S.  Warren;  San  Francisco  office,  Charles  D. 
Haven;  and  New  Orleans  office,  Heniy  V.  Ogden,  secretary,  and 
Clarence  F.  Low,  assistant.  The  general  agents  are  J.  M.  De  Camp, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Davenport  &  Co.,  Richmond,  Virginia;  and  Wood 
&  Van  Sam,  Newark,  New  Jereey.  The  present  New  York  board, 
officiaUy  representing  the  company,  consists  of  Charles  H.  Marshall, 
chairman,  John  A.  Stewart,  James  E.  Pulsford,  John  Crosby  Brown, 
Edmund  D.  Randolph.  During  the  forty-five  years  in  which  the  com- 
pany has  been  engaged  in  business  in  the  United  States  it  has  received 
here  $98,318,837  in  premiums,  and  disbursed  $56,241,538  on  account 
of  fire  losses.  The  net  cash  premiums  received  in  1892  amounted  to 
$6,893,150.  The  aggregate  cash  income  for  the  year  was  $5,649,779; 
aggrregate  expenditures,  $6,089,157.  The  amount  of  insurance  in  force 
December  8,  1893,  was  $826,809,934.  The  total  asseto  of  the  United 
States  branch  of  the  company  were  $8,198,034. 

Lloyds.  Although  combinations  of  individual  underwriters  have 
not  been  unknown  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore  for  sev- 
eral  years,  this  form  of  insurance  did  not  come  into  prominence  in  the 
United  States  until  1893.  During  the  year  there  was  a  sudden  and 
rapid  development  of  the  principle,  applied  not  only  to  fire  and  marine, 
but  also  to  accident,  surety,  and  emplojrers  liability  business.  The 
Lloyds  is  the  oldest  and  simplest  form  of  insurance.  A  number  of  in- 
dividuals make  a  fixed  deposit  and  agree  to  hold  themselves  liable,  in 
addition,  for  a  limited  sum  of  money  to  insure  against  loss  to  a  speci- 
fied object.  An  "attorney"  is  appointed  to  conduct  the  business. 
The  advantages  which  promoters  of  these  organizations  claim  for  them 
are,  a  minimum  of  expense,  simplicity  of  administration,  the  non-re- 
quirement of  a  reserve,  and,  in  most  states,  exemption  from  taxes  and 
government  supervision.  Consequently  in  competing  for  business 
they  can  undersell  the  stock  companies.  The  following  is  a  partial 
list  of  organizations  of  Lloyds  operating  at  the  time  this  volume  is 
ready  for  the  press : 

AMQranoe  Lloyds  of  America,  office  at  New  York,  Beecher,  Schenck  A  Co.,  attor- 
neys. One  hondrea  individual  snbecribera deposited  |6,000 each,  thnsconstitating  a  cash 
fund  of  $600,000,  and  hold  themselves  liable  further  for  $10,000  each,  thas  providing 
iecarity  for  $1,000,000  in  addition.  Maxlmam  lines  are  $100,000  each.  Business  writ- 
ten, bonided  warehouses,  mercantile  and  mannfactaring  risks,  with  or  without  the  au- 
tomatic sprinkler.  Insurance  against  loss  by  fire  and  water  damage  resulting  therefrom. 

Commercial  Lloyds  of  New  York;  insures  against  flre.  Thompson  A  Bellows, 
attorney  p. 

Equitable  Lloyds  of  New  York,  lire  insurance.  ^  , 

9*  Digitized  by  CjOOgle 


186  LooKKB,  OaOAB  R. 

Goarantoro  of  Philadelphia,  Loper  &  Dooghton,  attorneys ;  goarantee  fnnd,  $100,- 
000 ;  emplojera  liability,  steam  boiler,  and  elevator  insurance. 

Ooarantee  and  Accident  Uoyds  of  New  York^  William  D.  Chase,  attorn^.  Ow 
hundred  subscribers  of  $1,000  each ;  biislDess.  steam  boiler,  employers  liabilltr,  and 
eleyator  insurance.  This  organization  does  business  in  several  states  without  a  license 
and  without  molestation,  but  its  application  for  a  license  in  Ohio  was  refused  by  the 
insurance  department,  on  the  ground  that  the  laws  of  the  state  did  not  provide  for  th« 
transaction  of  business  in  it  by  companies  of  this  character.  An  action  instituted  bj 
the  company  in  mandamus  against  the  department  to  compel  it  to  issue  a  license  to  tbe 
company,  was  decided  by  the  supreme  court  in  favor  of  the  department.  In  Missouri 
the  insurance  superintendent  bqj^an  a  suit  to  punish  the  company  for  operating  in  the 
state  withont  a  license. 

Individual  Underwriters,  New  York,  for  lire  Insaranoe. 

Mercantile  Lloyds  of  New  York,  to  write  both  sprinkled  and  unsprinkled  tire  insur- 
ance risks.    Durbrow  A  Barl>onr,  attorneys. 

Mutual  Fire  Lloyds  of  New  York  writes  on  first  class  mercantile  and  mannfactur- 
ing  risks.    Office,  47  Cedar  street,  New  York. 

New  York  Central  Fire  Insurance,  Lloyds,  J.  W.  Fitagerald,  attorney.  W  Pine 
street.  New  York. 

North  American  Lloyds  of  New  York.  Office,  No.  116  Broadway.  The  Bubscribern 
are  large  dry  goods  and  general  retail  merchants,  like  Macy,  and  write  only  their  own 
risks. 

Underwriters  at  American  Lloyds  (commonly  called  the  American  Lloyds)  writes 
sprinkled  property  only.    It  has  forty-flve  subscribers.    George  A.  Stanton,  attorney. 

United  States  Lloyds  of  New  York,  marine  business  only. 

Local  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  TlrgrlniA  was  organ- 
ized at  Richmond,  Va.,  June  22,  1892,  by  a  large  number  of  agents 
who  had  asBembled  to  protest  against  the  action  of  the  South  Eastern 
Tariff  Association  requiring  them  to  accept  fifteen  per  cent,  commis- 
sion [see  Virginia  Fire  Insurance  Agents  Protest].  The  following  offi- 
cers were  elected:  President,  T.  L.  Alfriend,  Richmond;  secretary 
and  treasurer,  Williamson  Tolley,  Richmond;  vice-presidents,  H.  Ker, 
Staunton;  A.  C.  Humphreys,  Norfolk;  P.  H.  Hansbrough,  Winchester; 
J.  M.  Otey,  Lynchburg;  A.  D.  Warfleld,  Alexandria;  executive  com- 
Mttee,  Messrs.  Davis  of  Lynchburg,  Swineford  of  Richmond,  Crutch- 
field  of  Predericksburj^,  Royal!  of  Manchester,  Moyler  of  Petenburgh. 
Dn  Puy  of  Roanoke,  Bemple  of  Hampton,  Watson  of  Portsmouth,  and 
Dance  of  Danville. 

London  Assnrance  Corporation.  George  H.  Marks,  manager  for 
the  United  States,  resigned  m  December,  189l3,  to  assume  a  position  in 
the  home  office  at  London,  and  was  succeeded  as  manager  by  Charles 
L.  Case,  the  western  manager  for  the  company,  who  removed  from 
Chicago  to  the  New  York  office. 

London  Gnarantee  and  Accident  company  entered  the  United 
States  in  1892,  to  do  a  surety  and  accident  insurance  business,  and 
established  its  headquarters  at  Chicago,  with  A.  C.  Edwards,  late  of 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  as  United  States  manager.  C.  E.  Waits,  a^ncy 
superintendent  of  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  company,  was  appointed 
assistant  manager.  The  company,  in  October,  deposited  $200,000 
with  the  New  York  state  insurance  department. 

Looker,  Oscar  K«,  president  of  the  Michigan  Mutual  Life  insur- 
ance company,  was  born  at  Columbus,  0.,  June  19,  1846,  and  passed 
his  boyhood  upon  a  farm  near  that  city.  Although  but  sixteen  years 
of  age  at  the  time  the  civil  war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  in  the  Union 
army  and  served  throughout  the  entire  war.  After  its  close,  he  studied 
law  at  Columbus,  but,  m  1869.  he  became  an  insurance  solicitor  in  the 
Cleveland  office  of  the  Berkshire  Life.    In  1871  he  joined  the  staff  of 


Lob  Anoelbs  Lifs  Undbbwritbbb  Association.  187 

the  Michigan  Mutual  Life  at  its  home  office  in  Detroit,  and  in  1883  was 
appointed  secretary  and  general  manager  of  the  company.  Mr.  Looker 
was  elected  president  in  1892.     [See  Michigan  Mutual  Life.] 

Losee*  Alanson  F.,  secretary  of  the  United  States  branch  of  the 
Norwich  Union  Fire  at  New  York,  was  born  in  that  city  October  2, 
1853.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he  entered  an  agency  office  in  New 
York,  and,  in  1873,  received  the  appointment  of  cashier  with  Frame, 
Hare  &  Lockwood.  He  has  served  the  Norwich  Union  since  it  entered 
that  office,  first  as  chief  clerk  from  1 881 ,  and  as  branch  secretary  from  1887. 

Loaisiana  Life  Underwriters  Association.  [See  Life  Under- 
writers Association  of  Louisiana.] 

Lonisiana  State  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters.  At  a  meeting  of 
representatives  of  forty- one  companies,  held  at  New  Orleans  on 
February  26,  1892,  the  board  was  re-organized  with  the  following 
officers:  President,  J.  B.  Herreford;  vice-president,  W.  B.  Lyman; 
secretary,  (Jeo.  Mather.  Executive  committee:  G.  H.  Frost,  Clarence 
F.  Low,  Thomas  Egleston,  J.  C.  Whitner,  and  Thomas  Sefton.  It 
was  resolved  at  this  meeting  to  applj  to  the  South  Eastern  Tariff 
Association  for  admission.  The  association,  at  its  annual  meeting  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  March  17,  following,  having  admitted  Louisiana 
to  membership,  the  board  hecAme  functua  officio . 

Lonisrille  Business  Men's  Insurance  Biirean  was  organized  by 
certain  merchants  of  Louisville,  Ey.,  in  July,  1892,  in  antagonism  to 
the  insurance  companies  doing  business  in  tliat  city.  The  executive 
committee  of  the  bureau  was  given  power  *'to  open  correspondence 
with  brokers,  agents,  and  companies  elsewhere,  and  to  offer  large 
amounts  of  insurance  at  reasonable  rates  and  on  satisfactory  terms. '% 
The  bureau  was  to  be  a  purchaser  of  insurance  wherever  it  could  obtaid 
it,  and  local  agents  might  compete  for  the  bureau's  offerings  or  not,  as 
they  chose.  A  great  deal  of  noise  was  made  about  the  organization 
in  the  Louisville  daily  papers,  which  predicted  the  destruction  of  the 
business  of  the  local  agents.  The  bureau  did  a  little  business,  but  the 
lar^r  merchants  continued  to  employ  the  licensed  insurance  companies, 
and  the  movement  appears  to  have  died  out  before  the  spring  of  1893, 
without  accomplishing  anything. 

LonfsTille  German! a  insurance  company  of  Louisville,  Ky  ,  in 
September,  1892,  re-insured  all  its  risks  in  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  and 
went  into  liquidation.  The  Louisville  Oermania  was  organized  and 
began  business  in  1872,  and  was  always  a  conservative  and  carefully 
managed  company.    It  confined  itself  to  local  business. 

Lonisiana,  Insurance  Superyisiou  in  :  The  Secretary  of  State 
is  charged  with  the  supenrision  of  insurance  interests  in  Louisiana, 
the  department  headquarters  being  at  New  Orleans  in  charge  of  the 
assistant  secretary.  Prior  to  1879  the  duties  of  the  supervisor  were 
performed  by  the  secretary  of  state.  The  assistant  secretaries  who 
have  been  detailed  for  the  work  of  the  department  in  New  Orleans 
have  been  Simeon  Toby,  who  had  charge  from  1884  until  1891,  and 
William  B.  Spencer.  The  latter  was  appointed  Mr.  Toby's  successor 
in  October,  1891. 

Los  Angeles  Life  Underwriters  Association  was  organized  in 
June,  1891,  and  the  following  year  changed  its  name  to  the  Southern 


■^ 


188  Macdonald,  William 

California  Life  Underwriters  AjBsociation.  F.  B.  Bickford  was  presi- 
dent, and  F.  B.  Manchester  secretary  and  treasurer.  This  organiza- 
tion appears  to  be  inactive  at  present. 

Lnpei%  George  B.,  insurance  commissioner  of  Pennsylvania,  "wras 
bom  at  Harmonsburg,  Pa..  October  13,  1852.  His  earliest  vocation 
was  that  of  a  teacher,  and  he  was  also  secretary  of  an  insurance  com- 
pany. He  was  two  years  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state, 
six  years  deputy  insurance  commissioner,  and  succeeded  Mr.  Forster^ 
as  commissioner,  in  1891.  Mr.  Luper  was  president  of  the  convention 
of  insurance  department  officials  in  1891-92. 

Lyman,  William  R.,  president  of  the  Crescent  insurance  company 
of  New  Orleans,  La.,  was  born  at  Lyons,  New  York,  July  2,  1888. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  went  to  Chicago,  111.,  to  become  casliier 
of  a  large  business  firm.  He  returned  East  three  years  later  to  enter 
Harvard  college,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1860.  He  studied 
law  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  but  left  that  .institution  to  talce 
part  in  the  civil  war  as  an  officer  of  a  Virgioia  regiment  on  tlie 
Confederate  side.  Mr.  Lyman  came  out  of  the  conflict  with  a  captain's 
commission,  having  seen  a  good  deal  of  sharp  service  in  earning  it. 
He  settled  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  in  business,  and  in  1879  became 
president  of  the  Crescent.  He  has  filled  many  honorable  positions  in 
the  city  of  his  adoption  as  well  as  in  the  South,  was  president  for  two 
terms  of  the  Underwriters'  Association  of  the  South,  and  was  the  firbt 
president  of  the  New  Orleans  Stock  Exchange. 

M 

Macdonald,  James  A.,  president  of  the  Queen  insurance  company 
of  America,  of  New  York,  was  born  in  New  York  about  fifty  yean 
ago,  and  is  the  son  of  Dr.  Macdonald,  the  distinguished  alienist.  He 
was  educated  at  Columbia  College  and  the  Sheffield  Scientific  Bcliool 
of  Yale  University.  His  insurance  experience  began  in  the  office  of 
the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  and  he  was  its  Brooklyn  local  manager  in 
March,  1881,  when  he  received  the  appointment  of  United  States 
Manager  for  the  Queen  of  Liverpool.  When  the  New  York  company, 
which  absorbed  the  United  States  business  of  the  English  company, 
was  organized,  Mr.  Macdonald  became  its  president. 
^  Macdonald,  William,  manager  of  the  London  and  Lancasliire 
insurance  company,  for  the  Pacific  Coast,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  Januarjr  31,  1888.  He  began  business  life  in  a  New  York 
dry  geods  jobbing  house,  but  in  1856  removed  to  California.  In  1867 
he  was  appointed  local  agent  of  the  Minti  and  Phcenix  of  Hartford  in 
San  Francisco,  and  a  year  later  special  agent  for  the  former  company. 
He  has  been  surveyor  of  the  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  San 
Francisco,  special  agent  and  adjuster  for  several  companies,  and 
in  1888  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Anglo  Nevaaa.  On  tlie 
re-insurance  of  the  Pacific  Coast  business  of  that  company  with  the 
London  &  Lancashire,  Mr.  Macdonald  was  made  the  Pacific  Coast 
manager  for  the  latter.  Before  entering  the  insurance  business,  Mr. 
Macdonald  was  secretary  of  the  San  Francisco  &  Oakland  Railroad, 
now  a  part  of  the  Central  Pacific.  He  is  colonel  of  the  Second  R^- 
ment  of  Artillery  in  the  National  Quard  of  California. 


MANAasBB^  Dbpabtmbnt.  189 

Magill,  Arthur  E.,  general  agent  of  the  Home  of  New  York,  and 
Phoenix  of  Hartford  for  the  Pacific  Coast,  was  bom  November  18, 
1849,  in  Hamilton,  Canada.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  in  1858,  he  entered 
the  office  of  the  Phcenix  in  Cincinnati,  of  which  his  father  was  the 
manager.  From  1861  to  1864  he  was  in  the  army,  from  which  he 
emerged  with  a  captain's  commission.  He  moved  to  California  and  in 
1874  succeeded  R.  H.  Ma^I  as  general  agent  of  the  Home  and 
Phoenix.  When  the  first  compact  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  Portland 
Compact  Association,  was  organized,  Mr.  Magill  was  elected  its  presi- 
dent. In  May,  1887,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Pacific  Insurance 
Union,  and  since  then  has  been  annually  re-elected. 

Maine  Ingnrance  Report  for  1892.  The  twenty -fourth  annual 
report  of  the  insurance  commissioner  of  Maine  stated  that  two  fire 
companies,  the  Queen  of  New  York  and  Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine 
of  Boston  had  been  admitted  to  the  state  during  the  previous  year  and 
there  had  been  no  change  in  the  list  of  regular  life  companies.  The 
commissioner  made  a  number  of  recommendations  for  amendments  to 
the  insurance  laws  of  the  state.  Among  these  was  a  suggestion  that 
agents  and  solicitors  of  industrial  life  insurance  companies  be  held 
personally  responsible  for  misrepresentations  to  policy-holders.  Other 
recommendations  were  as  follows: 

The  Mwcflgmcnt  law  shoald  be  amended  bo  that  funds  derived  from  assessments 
made  to  pay  death  benefits  or  casualty  indemnity  may  in  no  event  be  used  for  general 
expenses.  The  provision  in  r^ard  to  the  reserve  or  emergency  fund  should  be 
amended  so  that,  if  at  the  end  of  anv  year  that  fund  in  the  treapiirv  does  not  equal 
the  amount  of  one  assessment  upon  all  the  policy-holders,  it  shall  within  t^velve  months 
be  broDght  up  to  this  standaro.  The  law  allowing  fraternal  societies  until  April  1 
to  make  returns  should  be  amended  making  the  limit  March  1.  The  commissioner 
belleyes  the  time  has  come  for  the  adoption  of  a  standard  policy  for  Maine  fire 
underwriting. 

The  taxes  paid  to  the  state  by  insurance  companies  in  1891 
amounted  to  $81,975,  and  fees  to  $9,276. 

Maine  Life  Underwriters*  Association.  At  the  annual  meeting 
at  Portland,  February  2,  1892,  the  following  officers  were  elected: 
J.  W.  Pitzpatrick  of  the  Mutual  Life,  president;  J.  B.  Brackett  of  the 
Washington,  C.  P.  Dunlap  of  the  Mutual  Benefit,  and  A.  G.  Dewey 
of  the  iEtna,  vice-presidents;  George  P.  Dewey  of  the  National  of 
Vermont,  secretary.  The  present  president,  who  was  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting  in  February,  1898,  is  J.  B.  Brackett  of  the  Wash- 
ington Life,  and  George  P.  Dewey  of  the  National  continues  as 
secretary. 

Maine,  Insurance  Sapenrision  in,  1868-1893.  The  insurance 
department  in  Maine  was  organized  by  act  of  the  legislature  in  1868, 
the  chief  official  being  the  insuraoce  commissioner,  who  is  appointed 
by  the  governor  for  three  years.  The  following  is  a  list  of  these 
officials  to  date. 


Oramandal  Smith,  1883-1884 

Frank  E.  Nye,  1884-1885 

Joseph  O.  Smith,  1885- 


Albert  W.  Paine,  1868-1878 

Joahua  Nye,  1873-1879 

WUliani  Phllbrick.  1879-1880 

Joeeph  B.  Peaks,  1880-1883 

Commissioner  Smith,  who  has  served  since  1885,  was  reappointed 
for  a  third  term  of  three  years  in  January,  1892.  Charles  W.  Fletcher 
is  clerk  of  the  department. 

Managers,  Department    [See  Agents,  General. 1^,^^^^^  ^^  Google 


190  Manchbstbii  Fire  Ihsurancb  CoMPAirr. 

Manchester  Fire  assurance  company  of  Manchester,  England, 
was  incorporated  and  began  business  in  1824.  The  subscribed  capital 
is  £1,500,000.  In  1890,  the  company  issued  25,000  new  shares,  with 
£2  paid-up.  at  a  premium  of  £4  per  share.  The  customair  dividend 
paid  by  the  Manchester  is  10  per  cent.  The  company  does  a  fire 
business  only.  The  present  trustees  are  James  Chadwick,  also  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  directors,  C.  W.  Farbridge,  Charles  T.  Drabble, 
and  Thomas  Barham  Foster,  deputy  chairman  of  the  directorate;  aod 
associated  with  Messrs.  Chadwick  and  Foster  as  directors,  are  George 
Reynolds  Davies,  Charles  T.  Drabble,  James  Eckersley,  C.  W.  Far- 
bridge,  Alfred  Neild.  and  Frederick  Sails  Bchwabe.  J.  B.  Moffat  is 
the  manager  and  secretary.  He  was  appointed  in  1889,  succeeding 
James  Broomfleld  Northcott,  who  was  manager  when  the  compaoy 
was  originally  admitted  to  the  United  States  in  1880.  beginning  opera- 
tions in  California,  April  22  of  that  year.  The  Manchester  at  first 
restricted  its  transactions  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  It  was  admitted  by 
Colorado,  October  25,  1887,  but  postponed  business  in  the  central  and 
eastern  states  until  a  subsequent  period.  In  October,  1890,  W.  W. 
Dudley  was  appointed  resident  manager  in  the  United  States  with 
headqusrtcrs  at  Chicago,  and  Charles  B.  French  was  designated  as 
assistant,  and  John  Shepherd  is  general  agent  of  the  surveying  depart- 
ment. The  company  was  admitted  by  the  New  York  department 
November  22,  1890;  Illinois,  November  26;  and  by  Massachusetts, 
December  28,  1890.  The  states  of  Michigan  and  Pennsylvania  were 
also  entered  in  1890.  Admission  was  granted  to  the  principal  central, 
southern,  and  western  states  the  following  year.  Aside  from  special 
deposits  of  $25,000  in  Louisiana  and  $50,000  in  Oregon,  the  company's 
deposit  capital,  when  it  began  business  in  the  New  England.  Middle, 
and  Western  states,  was  $225,000.  Its  surplus  as  regards  policy  holders 
amounted  to  $446,718.  The  United  States  trustees  are  Lyman  J.  Gage. 
Samuel  W.  Allerton,  and  Eugene  8.  Pike  of  Chicago.  Manager  Moffat 
was  formerly  sub-manager  of  the  London  and  Lancashire,  being  ad- 
vanced from  that  position  to  the  one  which  he  now  occupies.  United 
States  Manager  Dudley  was  western  superintendent  of  the  North 
British  and  Mercantile  at  the  time  of  his  appointment.  The  Pacific 
Coast  department  is  conducted  by  Balfour,  Guthrie  &  Co.  „  of  San 
Francisco,  who  has  been  in  charge  of  the  business  there  from  the  out- 
set. The  special  agents  are:  D.  F.  Arnold,  for  Arkansas,  Louisiana, 
and  Texas;  George  H.  Allen,  for  Connecticut,  Maine,  Massachusetts, 
New  Hampshire.  Rhode  Island,  and  Vermont;  M.  P.  Vore,  for  Dli- 
nois;  E.  W.  Wile,  for  Indiana;  W.  A.  Cormany.  for  Kansas  and 
Missouri;  J.  A.  Nunn,  for  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and  Wyoming;  Albert 
Hoffman,  for  Kentucky  and  Tennessee;  A.  8.  Witherbee,  for  Michi- 
gan and  Wisconsin;  W.  H.  Cobban,  for  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  and 
South  Dakota;  F.  G.  Gillespie,  for  New  Jersey  and  New  York;  John 
8.  Seibels,  for  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina;  W.  A.  Reed,  for 
Ohio  and  West  Virginia;  and  F.  M.  MacDonarld,  for  Pennsylvania 
In  1892  the  Manchester  received  $1,555,979  in  premiums  in  this 
country,  and  disbursed  $758,102  on  account  of  losses.  Its  total  assets 
in  the  United  States  December  31,  1898.  were  $1,782,849,  the  liabilities 
aggregating  $1,266,963*  The  home  office  statement  of  the  business  of 
the  Manchester  Fire,  for  1892,  was  as  follows:    The  premiums  (after 


Marimb  Insubancs  ih  1892.  191 

deducting  re-lneurances)  amounted  to  £516,802  against  £854,061  for 
1891,  an  increase  of  nearly  £162,000.  The  losses,  including  full  pro- 
vision for  all  unsettled  claims,  amounted  to  £302,895,  say  68  per  cent., 
against  £178,809,  say  50  per  cent.,  in  the  previous  year.  After  paying 
all  expenses,  commissions,  and  taxes,  the  fire  account  for  the  year 
closed  with  a  net  profit  of  £39,082.  The  income  from  interest  on 
investments  yielded  £12,755.  There  was  added  to  the  funds  for  the 
year,  £81,010,  and  the  funds  in  hand  exceeded  £565,000. 

Mansfield,  Burton,  insurance  commissioner  of  Connecticut,  was 
bom  at  Hamden.  Conn.,  April  4, 1856.  He  entered  the  Sheffield  Scien- 
tific School  in  1875,  and  after  graduating  was  called  to  the  clerkship 
of  the  probate  court  at  New  Haven,  under  the  late  Judge  Bradlev,  and 
after  a  year's  service  entered  the  Tale  law  school.  He  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1878.  Mr.  Mansfield  opened  a  law  office,  and  early  in 
his  professional  career  gave  special  attention  to  the  settlement  and 
management  of  estates.  In  this  line  he  was  brought  into  frequent 
business  relations  with  Governor  Morris,  who  appointed  him  to  the 
insurance  commissionership  April  11, 1893. 

Mannfacturers  Mntnal  Underwriters'  Association  was  organ- 
ized at  Chicago.  111.,  in  January.  1801,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring 
information  relative  to  insurable  risks.  The  companies  originally  par- 
ticipating in  the  orainization  were  the  Pine  Tree  Mutual  and  Wood- 
workers Mutual,  Winona,  Minn.;  Mississippi  Valley  Mutual  and 
Northwestern  Mutual,  Rock  Island.  111. ;  Mutual  Union  and  Associated 
Manufacturers,  Moline,  111. ;  Merchants  and  Manufacturers  Mutual, 
Clinton,  Iowa;  Millers  and  Manufacturers  Mutual,  Minneapolis;  Lum- 
t)erman's  Mutual,  Chicago;  Saginaw  Valley  Mutual  and  Manufacturers 
Mutual,  Saginaw;  Manufacturers  and  Merchants  Mutual,  Rockford, 
111.  The  states  in  which  the  association  is  represented  are  Illinois, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Michigan,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Indiana,  and  Ohio. 
The  principal  features  of  the  constitution  are: 

1.  The  object  of  this  asBodation  is  for  the  pnrpoee  of  cloMifytng  and  adopting  a 
tchednle  for  bnalneas  to  be  written ;  to  recommend  adequate  fire  protection,  and  to 
adopt  a  Hyatem  of  Inepectione  for  the  joint  interest  of  the  araoclatlon. 

S.  Kach  company  to  become  a  member  mnst  promise  to  make  a  fnll  report  every 
month  to  the  secretary  of  the  asaoclation  an  to  its  assets  and  liabilities. 

8.  No  company  of  this  association  shall  write  on  any  manufacturing  risk  except 
on  the  mntnal  plan.  AH  policies  shall  contain  either  a  deposit  note  or  contingent  lia- 
bility claase  cqnal  to  three  or  more  annual  premiums  to  be  assumed  by  the  assured. 

A.  A.  Carpenter  of  Chicago  was  elected  chairman;  A.  H.  Ains- 
worth  of  Moline,  vice-chairman;  and  C.  W.  Crocker,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  executive  committee  is  composed  of  George  8.  Roper 
chairman,  C,  B.  Shove,  H.  C.  Cleveland.  C.  B,  Flinn,  J.  P.  Sheridan; 
secretary  and  treasurer,  J.  D.  Sheehan.  The  office  of  the  association 
is  in  Chicago,  in  charge  of  the  secretary  of  the  executive  committee, 
Mr.  Sheehan. 

Marine  Boards  of  Underwriters.  [See  Boards  and  Boston.] 
Marine  Insurance  in  1892.  The  principal  companies  doing 
marine  insurance  business  report  to  the  New  York  insurance  depart- 
ment. Their  statements  of  business,  where  they  do  both  ocean  and 
inland  marine  insurance,  do  not  show  the  two  classes  separately.  The 
following  are  the  aggregates  of  marine  business  written  in  1892  by  80 


192  Mabtlahd  Insubakgb  Rkpobt  fob  189d. 

fire  and  fire  marine  and  three  marine  companies  of  the  United  States 
and  12  foreign  marine  companies,  45  companies  in  all: 

Rinke  written  In  Iffitt, S^ttlia),3» 

RtekP  in  force  Dm.  81, 1889, 84»,ia,ei9 

Premiams  received, 13,S68,Sn 

Lonnespeid 7,800,191 

Marine  Insurance  in  the  Courts.  [See  Legal  Decisions  Affect- 
ing Insurance.] 

Marine  Insurance,  Statistics  of.    [See  Appendix.] 

Marine  Insurance  Statistics,  Census  Report  of.  [See  Insur- 
ance Statistics,  Census  Report  of.] 

Marks,  Stewart,  secretary  of  the  Standard  Life  and  Accident  in- 
surance company  of  Detroit,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1884.  He  wae 
educated  at  Dungannon  College,  emigrated  to  America  in  1850,  was  a 
teacher  in  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  various  kinds  of  business  until  1865, 
when  he  entered  the  insurance  bueiness  as  a  general  agent  of  the 
Mutual  Life  of  Chicago.  He  became  secretary  of  that  company  in 
1868,  and  in  1875  accepted  the  northwestern  general  agency  of  tbe 
Continental  Life  of  Hartford,  which  position  he  held  until  he  was 
elected  secretary  and  manager  of  the  Standard,  in  1886. 

Maryland  Insurance  Report  for  1802.  The  twenty  first  annual 
report  of  the  insurance  commissioner  of  Maryland,  dated  May  81. 1892, 
stated  that  the  following  companies  were  admitted  to  the  state  during 
the  last  department  year:  American  Central,  Atlas  of  London.  Chins 
Mutual,  Home  Life  of  Brooklyn,  Manchester  Fire,  New  York  Plate 
Qlass,  Pacific  Mutual  Life,  Prussian  National,  and  Reliance  Marine  of 
London.  Thirteen  companies,  including  two  local  companies  (the 
Peabody  Fire  and  West  Baltimore),  ceased  doing  business  in  the  state, 
and  two  were  excluded  under  the  retaliatory  law,  the  Fidelity  and 
Casualty  of  New  York  and  the  Hartford  Steam  Boiler.  Of  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  retaliatory  law,  caused  by  the  refusal  of  the  insurance 
departments  of  New  York  and  Connecticut  to  admit  a  Mar^'land  cor- 
poration on  the  terms  it  desired.  Commissioner  Talbott  said: 

Since  my  lant  report  there  hafl  been  an  importunt  decieion  given  by  the  court  of 
appeals  of  Maryland,  conKtming  the  retaliatory  law  of  thi«  state,  and  I  deem  it  of  puch 
importance  that  I  think  it  di>KirabIe  to  call  especial  attention  to  the  principles  laid  down 


in  the  decision  and  the  practical  working  of  this  law  as  coustmed  by  the  highest  coart 
in  the  state. 

The  commissioner  reported  that  the  change  in  the  tax  law,  made  by 
the  legislature  of  1890,  had  had  the  effect  of  largely  increasing  the 
revenue  of  the  state.  The  publication  of  the  exann nation  of  the  New 
York  Life  by  the  New  York  department  had  afforded  great  relief. 
Referring  to  the  fire  waste  and  its  effects  on  insurance  rates,  the  com- 
missioner said: 

The  constantly  Increasing  annnal  loss  by  Are  should  create  more  interest  on  behalf 
of  the  public  than  it  seems  to  do,  and  for  economic  reasons  should  receive  the  attenlfrm 
of  other  commercial  nHsocintionfi  than  the  Are  nndcrwrilcrs,  who  are  uatnrally  driven  to 
demanding  higher  rales  of  premium  by  the  growlnc  nn])rofltablenosfl  of  the  business. 
Boards  of  irade  and  or  her  f  iich  organizntiona  should  take  up  the  snbji^l  in  some  appro- 
priate shape,  and  asKisl  the  underwriters  in  properly  sustaining  the  Are  inaarance  com 
panles,  without  waiting  ft»r  a  Chicago  or  Boston  conllngratJon  to  imprem  them  with  ih*" 
vital  importance  to  all  commercial  Iransactions  of  solvent,  well  maitaged,  and  sustained 
Are  inanrance  corporations. 

The  activity  of  the  agency  companies  in  this  state  to  some  extent  accoants  for  the 
increase  of  the  boahieBa  of  iheee  companies,  while  there  ia  a  falling  off  in  the  busineM 


MA88ACHU8BTTB  BkNBFIT  ASSOCIATION.  193 

of  tlie  local  orgaoisMlons,  and  it  would  seem  to  call  for  some  special  effort  on  the  part 
of  the  local  eompaniea  for  aelf -preservation  at  least. 

Maryland,  Insurance  SaperTision  in,  1872-1898.  The  Mary- 
land insurance  department  was  established  by  act  of  legislature  of 
1873.    The  insurance  commissioners  since  organization  have  been : 

Charles  A.  Wailes, 18r»-1876  I  J.  Frederick  C.  Talbott, 1881-1898 

John  M.  Miller, 1876-1877    I.  Freeman  Raisin, I8fla- 

Jcaee  K.  Hinea, 1877-18891 

The  official  term  is  for  four  years,  the  commissioner  being 
appointed  by  the  governor,  treasurer,  and  comptroller.  Two 
commissioners  have  died  in  the  office — Messrs.  Wailes  and  Hines. 
The  present  commissioner,  Mr.  Raisin,  was  appointed  to  fill  out  the 
unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Talbott,  who  resigned  to  take  a  seat  in  the 
fifty-third  Congress  of  the  United  States.  The  deputy  commissioners 
are  J.  J.  Jackson  and  Thos.  B.  Townsend. 

Massachosetts  Benefit  Life  association  of  Boston  was  incorpo- 
rated Feb.  8,  1878,  under  the  general  laws  of  Massachusetts,  began 
business  October  13,  1879.  Its  business  is  conducted  on  the  assess- 
ment plan.  "As  compared  with  the  level  premium  method,"  writes 
an  insurance  manager  of  prominence  in  the  North  American  Review  for 
October,  1890,  *'  the  assessment  plan  bases  it  claims  upon  the  following 
propositions :  (a)  Equal  or  greater  security,  without  resort  to  excessive 
charges,  if)  Pure  life  insurance  without  the  concomitant  of  vast 
accumulation,  with  the  resultant  dangers  of  poor  investments  and 
misuse  of  funds,  (c)  A  limited,  as  against  an  unlimited,  expense 
charge,  (d)  Funds  paid  for  death-claim  purposes  held  inviolate  there- 
for, {e)  Equal  security  for  that  portion  of  the  resources  of  the  com- 
pany which  consists  in  the  obligations  of  policv-holders  to  pay  on  ac- 
count of  future  death  claims.  (/)  Reserve  funds  available  at  all  times 
as  a  conservator  of  the  insurance-granting  power  of  the  company, 
rather  than  as  a  menace  to  that  function,  {g)  Equal  accountability  to 
the  state  for  the  proper  conduct  of  affairs,  and  equal  recognition  under 
the  law  as  life  insurance." 

The  number  of  policies  or  certificates  of  the  association  in  force 
December  31,  1893,  was  84,843,  covering  insurance  to  the  amount  of 
$105,178,030.  The  total  sum  paid  by  the  members  during  the  year 
was  $1,957.656.9U ;  the  membership  fees  aggregating  $176,948.18; 
annual  dues,  $239,848.60.  The  mortuary  calls,  including  reserve, 
$1,540,860.21.  The  total  income  for  the  year  was  $2,167,688.51.  On 
account  of  the  losses  and  claims  there  was  a  disbursement  of  $1,525,-  • 
258.85  during  the  year.  The  total  disbursements  were  $2,003,844.49. 
The  net  or  invested  assets,  December  31, 1892,  aggregated  $1,008,007.55. 

The  total  income  of  the  association,  from  1880  to  1892  inclusive, 
was  $9,702,518.51.  The  disbursements  amounted  to  $8,694,507.49. 
Under  the  Massachusetts  enactment  of  1890,  the  association  issues 
policies  from  $1,000  to  $20,000,  with  a  definite  promise  to  pay  in  full. 
The  provisions  of  the  law  under  which  these  policies  are  issued  reads  : 

ACTS  OF  1890,  CHAPTER  421. 
"Sbction  14.  Sacli  corporations  sliall  provide  in  tlieir  contrat  tn  with  policy  or 
certificate  bolden»  for  tlie  accumuIatioD  of  au  emergency  fund,  which  oliall  be  at  all 
timec  not  leas  than  the  proceeds  of  one  death  or  disability  asHeHBinent  on  all  policy  or 
certificate  holders  thereof ;  said  fund  stiall  be  accumalated  within  six  months  from  the 
date  Qf  tbeir  incorporation,  and,  together  with  the  income  thereon,  shall  be  a  trust  foj 


O' 


lie 


104  MABBACHUnTTB  IhBUBAHCB  RePOBT  FOR  1892. 

the  paymeDt  of  death  and  dtsabllltj  dalma  ;  protddtd^  that  whenever  eald  emergency 
fund  ia  In  cxceee  of  double  the  amount  of  one  death  and  dlaabllity  aaoeiwment  upon  the 
entire  membership,  the  corporation  may  applv  such  ezceae,  or  any  portion  thereof,  in 
reduction  of  aaacMmenta  nnon  policy  or  certificate  holders,  or  in  snch  other  oqaitable 
division  or  apportionment  tnereof  as  ita  rales  or  contracts  may  provide/' 

In  keeping  with  the  spirit  of  the  act  the  association  had  deposited 
with  the  treasurer  of  Massachusetts  $200,426.45  of  the  emergency  or 
surplus  fund,  which  can  be  drawn  only  on  a  requisition  of  two-tMrds 
of  the  directors,  endorsed  by  the  insurance  commissioner,  for  the  pay- 
ment of  death  losses. 

The  features  of  the  new  policy,  which  have  been  elaborated  with 
reference  to  the  interests  of  all  parties  concerned,  are:  ^1)  A  cash  sur- 
render Talue.  (2)  Continued  insurance  without  further  payment  at 
the  expiration  of  the  life-expectancy  of  the  insured.  (3)  Dividends  to 
policy-holders.  (4)  It  contains  a  non- forfeiture  clause  under  which  a 
failure  to  pay  mortuary  calls  or  premiums  will  not  work  an  immediate 
forfeiture  of  the  insurance.  (5)  The  policy  holder  may  draw  his  divi- 
dends in  cash,  or  apply  them  to  the  payment  of  future  mortuary  calls 
or  premiums,  at  his  option.  (6)  In  the  event  of  his  total  and  permanent 
disability,  shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  medical  adviser  and  the 
directors  of  the  company,  he  may  collect  one-half  the  face  of  his  policy 
in  cash,  thus  making  his  insurance  of  practical  value  to  him  during  hu 
lifetime.  (7)  The  policy  is  absolutely  incontestable  after  three  yeare. 
except  that  error  in  the  age  of  the  insured  is  open  to  adjustment.  In 
the  event  that  death  is  the  result  of  a  violation  of  law  or  of  military 
service  in  time  of  actual  hostilities,  or  of  a  duel,  or  of  engaging  in 
hazardous  occupations  or  employments,  which  are  prohibited  in  all 
life  insurance  policies,  the  contract  becomes  inoperative.  There  is  no 
restriction  in  the  policy  concerning  residence  or  travel. 

The  original  officers  of  the  association  were  William  A.  Simmons, 
president,  and  George  A.  Litchfield,  secretary.  Willard  Marcy  became 
president  in  1884,  and  continued  in  the  office  until  his  death,  July  5, 
1890.  Secretai-y  Litchfield  was  elected  his  successor,  and  £.  S.  Litch- 
field was  appointed  secretaiy  of  tlie  association.  S.  P.  Hibbard  and 
John  C.  Rand  are  vice-presidents ;  W.  G.  Corthell,  treasurer;  C.  H. 
Bacall,  adjuster;  and  8.  T.  Elliott,  comptroller.  The  directors  are 
George  A.  Litchfield,  8.  P.  Hibbard,  John  C.  Rand,  W.  Q.  Corthell. 
Henry  B.  Pierce,  E.  8.  Litchfield,  C.  H.  Bacall. 

Massachnsetts  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  Part  I  of  the  thirty- 
seventh  annual  report  of  the  insurance  commissioner  of  Massachusetts, 
relating  to  fire  and  marine  insurance,  was  dated  March  28,  1892.  The 
number  of  companies  authorized  in  the  Mate,  December  81,  1891,  was 
181.  being  28  less  than  at  the  close  of  1890.  Of  the  companies  author- 
ized, 50  were  Massachusetts  mutual ;  8  Massachusetts  mutual  mariDe; 
11  Massachusetts  joint  stock;  8^  from  other  states;  and  32  United 
States  branches  of  foreign  compauies.  The  companies  admitted  duriof; 
1891  were  the  Caledonian,  Union  of  London,  Farmers  Fire  of  York, 
Pa.,  Teutonia  of  New  Orleans,  Wachusett  Mutual  of  Fitchburg. 
Mass..  Frnnklin  of  Louisville,  Royal  £)xchange  of  London,  Queen  of 
New  York,  and  Capital  Fire  of  Concord,  N.  H. 

Among  the  80  companies  which  ceased  doing  business,  all  but  fire 
were  non-state  companies,  which  retired  from  business  or  declined  to 
pontinue  in  the  state.    The  five  local  companies  were  t^ie  Eliot,  Prq- 


Masbachubbttb,  Insurance  Supebvibion  m.  195 

dential,  Salem  Marine,  Mill  Owners  Mutual,  and  Shelbume  Mutual, 
which  discontinued  business,  re-insuring  their  risks. 

The  report  printed  for  the  first  time  a  list  in  chronological  order  of 
the  names  of  the  Massachusetts  fire  and  marine  insurance  companies, 
which  have  retired  from  business  since  1795;  a  record  of  nearly  one 
century.  There  were,  exclusive  of  those  which  changed  their  names 
and  continued  under  a  new  name,  195  of  them. 

The  preliminary  text  of  the  fire  report  was  almost  wholly  devoted 
to  a  discussion  of  Massachusetts  fire  statistics  and  the  national  fire 
waste. 

The  second  part  of  the  report  relating  to  life  and  casualty  insurance 
was  published  over  the  date  of  May  2,  1892.  There  had  been  no 
change  in  the  list  of  life  companies  transacting  business  in  the  state. 
Of  assessment  companies  doing  only  a  "death  business"  but  two 
remained  in  the  state  of  the  long  list  of  eight  or  ten  years  ago.  Com- 
missioner Merrill  gave  fifty-six  pages  of  the  report  to  a  consideration 
of  the  endowment  assessment  business  in  the  state,  its  rise  and  decline 
and  a  history  of  British  friendly  societies  to  show  their  difference  from 
the  endowment  assessment  concerns  of  this  country.  The  commis- 
sioner said  that  since  the  jsemi-annual  report  on  these  corporations  of 
the  previous  July,  twenty-three  had  gone  to  pieces  and  were  in  the 
hands  of  receivers,  while  four  more  were  on  the  verge  of  bankruptcy. 
Thirty-three  corporations  remained  but  their  speedy  dispersion  was 
predicted. 

The  income  of  the  insurance  department  in  1891  was  $56,186,  being 
an  increase  of  $5,278  over  the  previous  year.  The  total  expenditure 
was  $26,256,  leaving  a  surplus  accruing  to  the  state  of  $29,980. 

Massachusetts,  Insurance  SnperrisioiL  in,  1855-1898  :  The  in- 
surance department  in  Massachusetts  was  organized  in  1855,  there 
being  three  commissioners  originally.  By  chapter  177,  acts  of  1868, 
the  board  of  three  commissioners  was  abolished,  and  a  board  of  two 
substituted.  The  latter  was  abolished  by  chapter  255,  acts  of  1866. 
Since  that  time  the  duties  of  supervision  have  been  performed  by  one 
ofilcial  termed  insurance  commissioner,  who  is  appointed  by  the  gover- 
nor and  confirmed  by  the  council  for  a  term  of  three  years.  The  com- 
missioners who  have  served  since  the  organization  of  the  department  in 
1855  are  as  follows: 

Angofltas  O.  Brewster, April    8, 1855— April   8,  ISQO. 

Nathaniel  R.  Allen Apdl    3,  1856-April   3, 1&56. 

Charles  L.  Putnam Apfil    8, 1886-Sept.  30,  18M. 

Elihu  C.  Baker Jane    6, 1866-Aprll    8,  1859. 

John  Field Sept.  80, 1R56-April   8, 185S. 

George  T.  Steams, May  20, 1867— April   3, 1860. 

EHzwr  Wright, April  28, 1858-April  98,  1867. 

George  W.  Sargent April  28, 1868— April  28,  188T. 

John  £.  Sanford June  29, 1866— Nov.     1,  1869. 

Jallos  L.  Clarke, Oct.    28,  1869-^an.     1, 1875. 

Stephen  H.  Rhodes, Dec.     8, 1874-Mar.  12,  1879. 

Julias  L.  Clarke Mav     8,  1879-Feb.    14, 1883. 

John  K.  Tarbox April  21, 1883-May   28, 1887. 

George  S.  Merrill, June    8, 1887— 

Mr.  Merrill  is  the  present  incumbent.  He  was  re-appointed  in  1890 
and  agnin  re-appointed  in  1898,  by  Gov.  Russell.  His  present  term 
wiU  expire  in  June,  1896.    The  deputy  commissioners  have  been; 


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196         Mabbachusbttb  Mutual  Firb  Inbubakcb  IJinoiv. 

George  W.  Sargent, May    17, 1871-;rime  16, 1878. 

Step&en  H.  Rhodes, June  17, 187»-Dec  81,  ISTA. 

Benjamin  C.  Dean, Mar.     4, 1875— Mar.  SI,  1676. 

George  H.  Long, April    1, 1876-Fteb.  19,  ISTT. 

Will&m  S.  Smith, Mar.  SO,  1877. 

Mr.  Smith  is  the  present  deputy  commissioner. 

Massachnsetto  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Union.  This  is  an  or- 
ganization of  mutual  fire  insurance  companies.  Ahout  the  beginning 
of  1879,  ofQcers  of  the  Massachusetts  mutuals  realizing  that  while  the 
competition  of  the  stock  companies  was  very  great,  there  was  much 
lack  of  harmony  among  themselves,  and  believing  that  the  mutual 
system  was,  through  intention  or  misunderstanding,  misrepresented, 
resolved  to  form  an  association,  that  would  enable  the  mutual  com- 
panies to  present  a  solid  front  to  their  competitors. 

In  June,  1879.  a  call  for  a  meeting  to  consider  the  advisability  of 
forming  a  union  was  issued,  signed  by  three  of  the  managers,  Charles 
A.  Howiand  of  the  Quincy  Mutual,  £.  M.  Tucke  of  the  Traders  and 
Mechanics,  and  Alfred  L.  Barbour  of  the  Cambridge  Mutual.  In 
response  to  the  call  the  representatives  of  seven  of  the  companies 
appeared  and  a  temporarv  organization  was  made  with  H.  C.  Bigelow 
as  chairman  and  Alfred  L.  Barbour,  secretary. 

On  September  10,  1879,  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
Union  was  organized  by  the  choice  of  £.  B.  Stoddard  of  the  Merchants 
and  Farmers  of  Worcester,  as  president;  Charles  B.  Cummings  of  tbe 
Massachusetts  Mutual,  and  George  B.  Faunce  of  the  Dedham  Mutual, 
as  vice-presidents;  and  Alfred  L.  Barbour  of  the  Cambridge  Mutual, 
secretary.  George  Heywood  of  the  Middlesex  Mutual,  Charles  M. 
Miles  of  the  Worcester  Mutual.  L.  H.  Bradford  of  the  Fitchburg 
Mutual.  £.  M.  Tucke  pf  the  Traders  and  Mechanics  Mutual,  and 
Charles  A.  Howiand  of  the  Quincy  Mutual,  were  elected  an  executive 
committee. 

The  object  of  the  Union  as  stated  in  the  preamble  was  "  To  consider 
all  matters  affectiag  mutual  companies  and  adopt  all  things  that  will 
work  for  the  benefit  of  that  system  of  insurance."  "  For  social  aiitf 
fraternal  purposes,  to  the  end  that  peace,  harmony,  and  good  fellow- 
ship may  reign." 

The  Union  started  with  a  membership  of  15,  representing  $200,000,- 
000  at  risk.  Its  present  membership  is  81  companies,  representing 
$435,924,250  at  risk,  assets  of  $7,635,952,  and  annual  income  o? 
$2,283,807. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Union  are  at  No.  27  Kilby  street,  Boston, 
where  the  members  meet  every  Saturday.  They  support  a  general  in- 
spector of  risks.  They  believe  in  the  social  element  and  every  quarter 
a  banquet  follows  the  business  meeiing.  Once  u  year  an  excursion  to 
some  prominent  place  is  taken,  usually  attended  by  from  60  to  80 
members,  friends  and  ladies.  The  Union  stands  relatively  to  the 
mutuals  as  the  New  England  Insurance  Exchange  stands  to  the  stock 
companies. 

The  present  officers  are:  president,  Charles  A.  Howiand  of  Quincy; 
vice-presidents,  E.  M.  Tucke  of  Lowell,  and  R,  F.  Upham  of  Wor- 
cester; secretary  and  treasurer,  Alfred  L.  Barbour  of  Cambridge; 
inspector,  Robert  A.  Barbour  of  Boston.  The  compauies  now  repre- 
sented in  the  Union  are  as  follows ; 

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McCall,  John  A.  197 

Abington.  Attleboro,  BainBtable  County.  Berkshire,  Bristol  (-ounty,  Cambridge, 
Citizens,  Dealuun,  Dorctiester,  £s8ez,  Fitciiburg,  Franklin,  Ilampehire,  lliugham, 
Hohroke,  Lowell,  Lrnn,  Massachusetts  Mutual,  Merchants  aud  Fanners,  Merrimack, 
Middlesex,  Milford,  Mutual  Fire  Aasurance,  Mutual  Fire  Protection,  Norfolk,  Quincy, 
Saogus,  Sooth  Danvera,  Traders  and  Mechanics,  Wachusett,  and  Worcester. 

The  Mill  or  Manufacturers  mutual  fire  insurance  companies  are  not 
members  of  this  organization. 

Massachusetts  Mntaal  Life  insurance  company  of  Springfield, 
Slass.,  was  incorporated  May  15, 1851,  the  charter  authorizing  a  guaran- 
tee capital  of  $100,000.  One-half  of  the  amount  was  required  to  be  paid 
in  in  money,  the  remainder  being  subject  to  the  call  of  the  directors. 
The  annual  dividend  on  the  guarantee  capital  was  limited  by  the 
charter  to  7  per  cent.  By  act  approved  February  20,  1866,  the  re- 
demption of  the  guarantee  capital  was  authorized,  the  surplus  funds 
to  be  used  for  that  purpose,  and  the  elimination  of  the  st^ck  was 
effected  October  1, 1867.  Since  that  date  the  company  has  been  purely 
mutual.  In  1892  it  wrote  (20,462,188  new  business  and  had  in  force 
at  the  close  of  the  year  insurance  to  the  amount  of  $78,467,497. 

The  officers  and  directors  of  the  company  are:  M.  V.  B.'Edgerly, 
president;  Henry  S.  Lee,  vice-president;  John  A.  Hall,  secretary;  E.  D. 
Capron,  assistant  secretary;  Oscar  B.  Ireland,  actuary;  Gideon  Wells, 
attorney;  F.  W.  Chapin,  M.D.,  medical  examiner;  George  S.  Stebbins, 
M.D.,  assistant  medical  examiner;  directors,  Homer  Foot,  Julius  H. 
Appleton,  Lewis  J.  Powers,  Henry  8.  Lee,  Gideon  Wells,  N.  C. 
Newell.  Henry  S.  Hyde,  Henry  M.  Phillips,  John  A.  Hall,  M.  V.  B. 
Edgerly,  Springfield,  Massachusetts;  John  R.  Redfield,  Hartford, 
Connecticut;  P.  0.  Cheney.  George  B.  Chandler,  Manchester,  New 
Hampshire;  James  M.  Warner,  Albany,  New  York;  Edwin  D.  Met- 
calf,  Auburn,  New  York;  John  K.  Marshall,  Boston,  Massachusetts; 
J.  S.  Tilney,  New  York;  P.  A.  Collins,  Boston,  Massachusetts;  J. 
Edwin  Smith,  Worcester,  Massachusetts;  Henry  A.  Rust,  Chicago, 
Illinois;  Albert  E.  F.  White,  Detroit,  Michigan. 
■  _  McAllister,  James  W.,  president  of  the  Franklin  Fire  insurance 
company  of  Philadelphia,  was  born  May  15,  1889,  and  entered  the 
office  of  that  company  as  a  clerk  when  fourteen  years  old.  He  advanced 
by  successive  promotions  to  the  presidency  of  the  company  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1881,  succeeding  the  late  Alfred  G.  Baker,  who 
^Hfsigned  in  December  of  that  year. 

McBain,  W.  F.,  secretary  and  general  manager  of  the  Grand 
Rapids  Fire  insurance  company  of  Michigan,  was  bom  at  Montreal, 
Que.,  December  1,  1863.  His  family  moved  to  Saginaw,  Mich.,  while 
he  was  a  child.  His  first  insurance  experience  was  in  a  local  office  at 
Saginaw,  with  his  father.  In  1887  he  was  appointed  general  agent  for 
the  Grand  Rapids  Fire  and  in  1891  was  elected  secretary. 

MeBride,  George  W.,  secretary  of  state  of  Oregon,  having 
supervision  of  insurance,  was  born  in  Yamhill  county.  Ore.,  March  IB, 
1854.  He  was  educated  as  a  lawyer,  but  was  a  merchant  at  St.  Helens, 
Ore.,  prior  to  his  election  to  office.  Mr.  McBride  has  been  speaker  of 
the  state  house  of  representatives  and  secretary  of  state  two  terms. 

MeCall,  John  A^  was  elected  president  of  the  New  York  Life  in- 
surance company,  February  12,  1892.  At  Chicago,  March  9,  he 
addressed  a  meeting  of  the  general  and  special  agents  of  the  western 


Ids  McCall,  Johh  a. 

department  in  which  he  outlined  bis  policy  aa  president.    In  the  courie 
of  his  speech  he  said : 

'*  I  have  entered  upon  xnv  new  duties  without  misgivings  except  sb  to  mv  own  ability. 
Without  assuming  to  myself  any  greater  powers  thin  are  accorded  to  those  who  are 
held  accountable  for  the  management  of  great  trusts,  it  is  not  inopportune  to  add  that 
the  responsibility  for  failure  wnl  be  mine  alone.  I  intend  to  be  In  command,  and  while 
I  will  gladly  listen  to  the  opinions  of  those  I  may  call  to  my  assistance,  yet  it  will  be 
evident  that  the  days  of  the  old  r4«;ime  are  past  and  newer  men  and  newer  modes  pre- 
vail. You  will  not  misunderstand  me,  I  am  sure.  I  mean  that  there  shall  be  no  divided 
responsibilities,  either  with  men  within  or  without  our  company.  If  I  am  not  eanal  to 
the  task,  no  one  will  be  quicker  to  recognize  the  failure  than  I,  and  L  will  not  be  slow  to 
act  in  the  company's  interests.  So,  while  I  ask  yon  and  all  who  are  interested  with  us 
in  giving  a  hand  on  the  laboring  oar,  yet  the  commands  to  man  the  vessel  will  oome 
from  but  one  source.'* 

President  McCall  was  present  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Canadian 
agents  of  the  company  held  at  Montreal,  May  80,  1892.  He  spoke  to 
the  agents  upon  the  subject  of  the  future  of  the  company  as  follows: 

"  We  stand  ready  to  do  our  share  In  restoring  the  business  to  a  legitimate  ba^. 
Nor  will  we  shelter  ourselves  behind  the  delinquencies  of  others.  We  are  not,  nor  will 
we  be,  a  competitor  except  in  those  opportunities  and  methods  that  bring  honor  and 
respect.  8ixe  is  not  of  the  first  ImportAuce  compared  with  strength  in  vital  parts.  We 
will  not  contend  for  the  favor  of  hired  defenders,  neither  shall  we  seek  to  avoid  bj  pur- 
chase the  blow  of  their  itching  palm.  A  defiant  attitude  is  of  more  permanent  service 
against  a  blackmailer's  art  than  the  easv  compliance  which  saves  you  temporarily  from 
his  annoyances.  Our  strife,  then,  will  be  for  the  confidence  and  good-will  of  those  who 
are  interested  in  life  insurance  for  other  than  speculative  purposes.  We  will  seek  by 
liberal  treatment,  in  the  terms  and  in  the  construction  of  policv  contracts,  to  win  our 
way  in  the  esteem  of  our  members.  But  that  determination  will  be  of  no  avail  nnlese 
the  agents  assist  in  its  realization.  Tou  can  do  more  by  truthful  representation  to  ^>lace 
the  business  on  a  higher  plane  than  all  the  officers  and  trustees  combined.  The  ndicu- 
louB  efforts  for  supremacy,  indicating  an  absence  of  intelligence  and  integrity,  find  in 
misrepresentations  and  In  rebates  their  most  cflicient  allies.  In  establishing  rules  for 
our  own  guidance,  let  the  avoidance  of  both  these  evils  be  the  fundamental  principle. 
If  we  observe  such  a  course  and  write  but  one-half  the  amount  that  we  could  othenii5e 
obtain,  take  my  word  for  it  that  the  company,  its  management,  and  its  agents  will  have 
a  better  standing  in  the  community  than  if  by  rebatmg  and  misrepresenting  it  bad 
exceeded  the  highest  anticipation  of  the  most  'progressive  niauaser.'  I  trust  that  I 
have  made  plain  some  of  ttie  motiveja  that  will  control  my  administration.  I  would 
rather  have  the  companv  referred  to  as  prudent  and  honorable  than  to  have  it  dei^ignated 
as  a  marvel  of  enterprising  growth. 

August  24,  Mr.  McCall  sailed  for  Liverpool,  accompanied  by 
Actuary  Weeks,  Medical  Director  Huntington,  and  Assistant  Comp- 
troller Suydam  to  inspect  the  European  business  of  the  New  York 
Life.  He  arrived  in  New  York  on  his  return  November  10.  The  fol- 
lowing evening  he  entertained  at  Delmonico's,  New  York,  the  execu- 
tive officers  and  the  agents  who  had  written  the  largest  amount  of  in- 
surance, in  a  prize  contest,  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  during  his 
absence.  The  chief  victor,  Mr.  G.  A.  Smith  of  Sioux  City,  la.,  was 
presented  with  a  gold  watch  by  the  president. 

Mr.  McCall  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  1849.  He  graduated 
from  the  Albany  Coipmercial  College  in  1865,  and  served  his  insurance 
apprenticeship  in  the  Albany  office  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life 
where  he  was  bookkeeper.  In  1870  he  received  an  appointment  in  the 
actuarial  branch  of  the  state  insurance  department.  He  was  succes- 
sively examiner  of  companies  and  deputy  superintendent  and  in  1883 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  by  Gov.  Cleveland.  He  declined  a 
re-appointment  when  his  term  expired  in  January,  1886,  and  accepted 
the  office  of  comptroller  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  society.  Mr. 
McCall  was  president  of  the  national  convention  of  insurance  depart- 
ment officials  in  1883  and  1884.  ^  , 

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MoGURDT,  HiCHARD  A.  1^9 

McCarthy,  ۥ  Q.,  auditor  of  state  of  Iowa,  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  at  Toledo,  Ontario,  January  27,  1843.  He  was 
county  auditor  of  Story  County,  la.,  eight  years,  and  represented  that 
county  in  the  Iowa  legislature.  He  was  elected  auditor  of  state  on  the 
Republican  state  ticket  in  1892. 
*^  McCllntock,  Emory,  LL.D.,  F.I. A.,  actuary  of  the  Mutual  Life 
insurance  company  of  New  York,  was  a  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr. 
John  McClintock,  president  of  the  Madison,  N.  J.,  Theological  Semi- 
nary. He  was  educated  at  Columbia  College  and  the  University  of 
Gottingen,  Germany.  Before  returning  to  America  he  served  as 
United  States  Consul  at  Bradford,  England,  three  years.  Adopting 
the  profession  of  life  insurance,  he  was  appointed  actuary  of  the  Asbury 
Life  insurance  company  of  New  York  in  1868.  In  1871  he  transferred 
his  actuarial  services  to  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  of  Milwaukee, 
and,  on  the  retirement  of  Prof.  Bartlett  as  actuary  of  the  Mutual  Life, 
was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  Dr.  McClintock  is  first  vice-president 
of  the  Actuarial  Society  of  America.  Columbia  College  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1885.  [See  Selection  in  Life  Insurance, 
Effects  of.] 

"*  McCardy,  Bichard  A.,  president  of  the  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1885, 
and  is  a  son  of  the  late  Robert  H.  McCurdy,  many  years  a  prominent 
director  of  the  company.  Mr.  McCurdy  studied  law  at  Harvard 
University,  graduating  m  1856  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  He 
practiced  law  in  New  York  with  Lucius  Robinson,  afterwards 
governor,  was  appointed  attorney  of  the  Mutual  Life  in  1860,  elected 
vice-president  in  1865,  and  president  in  1885,  on  the  death  of  President 
Winston. 

Mr.  McCurdy  contributed  several  notable  articles  on  life  insurance 
to  the  press  during  1892.  In  the  Independent  in  January  appeared 
a  paper  on  the  "  Insurance  of  Impaired  Lives."    He  said : 

There  is  no  table  of  mortality  by  which  the  proper  premium  on  sach  lives  can  be 
competed.  In  the  nature  of  the  case  no  ench  table  can  be  constructed,  for  it  ia  incon- 
ceivable that  a  law  of  mortality  should  exist  and  be  determinable  among  an  afKregation 
of  cases  so  nndeflnable  as  those  which  are  classed  by  the  insurance  companies  under 
this  head.  The  term  means  practically  the  lives  which  are  seeking  insurance,  and 
which  are  not  able  to  obtain  it  at  ordinary  rates;  but  the  reasons  for  rejection  of 
different  classes  of  these  lives  are  infinitely  varied,  and  no  classification  of  them  has 
ever  been  made  which  could  be  trusted  as  furnishing  a  law  of  average.  It  is  admitted 
on  all  hands  that  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  any  attempt  to  establish  a 
uniform  rule  for  extra  premiums  for  impaired  lives  is  a  speculatiye  and  hazardous 
enterprise. 

Many  companies,  Mr.  McCurdy  said,  have  been  started  in  Great 
Britain  for  the  purpose  of  insuring  Impaired  lives,  and  at  least  one  note- 
worthy experiment  had  been  made  in  this  country.  8ome  of  these  have 
commanded  all  the  ability  of  eminent  actuaries  and  of  boards  of 
competent  physicians,  but  in  no  instance  has  the  enterprise  proved  a 
business  success.  Mr.  McCurdy  felt  sure  that  a  company  organized  to 
carry  on  this  business  here  would  have  no  opposition  from  existing 
companies.  It  would  attempt  to  do  a  business  which  existing  com- 
panies do  not  want  and  do  not  dare  to  do.  Moreover,  it  is  a  business 
which  experienced  and  enterprising  men  who  are  pushing  life  insur- 
ance would  not  have  neglected  if  they  thought  there  was  money  or 
safety  in  it  for  themselves  or  their  companies.  ^  t 

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dOO  Mbreditb,  Pbtbr  S. 

A  paper  on  the  "Root  of  the  Rebate  Trouble"  by  Mr.  McCurdy 
was  printed  in  the  Independent  of  October  6,  1802.  He  said  that  the 
fundamental  difficulty  about  eradicating  the  evil  lay  in  the  fact  that 
there  was  no  court  of  competent  jurisdiction  among  the  companies  and 
agents'  associations  to  try  causes,  convict  offenders,  and  enforce  penal- 
ties.  The  laws  of  many  states  forbid  the  practice,  but  it  was  unlikely 
that  any  case  would  be  successfully  prosecuted.  The  companies  hare 
not  the  machinery  adequate  to  try  and  sentence  offenders.  If  courts 
were  established  by  them  by  common  consent,  they  would  be  wholly, 
extra  iudicial  and  then  decrees  could  not  be  enforced.  Continuing, 
Mr.  McCurdy  said: 

Regarded  u  a  breach  of  discipline,  rebatinff  differs  radically  from  breach  of 
contract  or  Infraction  of  the  elementary  rulea  which  are  costomary  nowadays  for  the 
government  of  agents.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  the  violation  of  a  clear  and  siamie 
contract  obligation  or  ri>8altant  regulation.  In  the  former  the  agent  r^ards  himsdf  a« 
within  his  rights  If  he  cbooees  to  take  the  risk.  The  old  idea  of  an  acent  as  the  hambie 
retainer  of  the  company  in  obtiolele.  To-day  he  occupies  an  equal  footing.  He  coolly 
bargains  for  his  biisineHs  and  — we  all  want  his  business! 

An  agreement  had  been  proposed.     Yes,  we  can  all  agree,  but . 

This  is  the  **but,"  which  being  interpreted,  means  that  even  if  the 
Kingdom  of  Heaven  is  at  hand,  it  is  not  of  this  world.  Undercutting 
prevails  in  every  business.  Railways  make  pooling  agreements  only 
to  be  broken  at  the  earliest  opportunity  and  scalping  offices  are  on 
every  business  block.  The  greatest  sufferers  from  undercutting  or 
rebate  are  the  life  insurance  companies.  "But  what  can  we  do?" 
asked  Mr.  McCurdy,  and  he  continued: 

Hofuse  to  accoi)t  rebated  business  when  we  know  It  ?  Of  course;  but  we  nerer  do 
know  it.  Dit^niiss  the  rebating  agent  when  we  catch  him  at  it  ?  By  all  means;  bat  we 
never  do  ciilch  him  at  it.  Refuse  to  employ  the  agent  who  rebates  r  WhT,  certainly: 
But  there  aren't  any,  for  we  can't  prove  it.  And  so  about  all  we  can  do  is  to  imitate 
the  ante-bellum  abolitionists  and  "  agitate  —  agitate  —  affitate.^' 

In  my  judgment  the  remedy  lies  with  the  agents  exdnslYely.  When  they  serioasly 
determine  that  the  practice  shall  stop  it  will  stop.  Companies  may  frown  apon  it,  bat 
so  long  as  snb-agents  and  solicitors  will  secretly  defy  the  law  of  the  state  and  the  wish 
of  the  companies  no  power  possessed  by  the  companies  can  prevent  them.  Agents  are 
no  longer  neld  in  bondage,  if  they  ever  were.  Their  relation  to  the  companies  ifl 
regulated  by  the  law  of  contracts,  and  competition  is  the  life  of  trade.  .  .  It  is  for 
them  to  devise  the  means,  if  there  be  any.  I  feel  sure  that  the  companies,  with  few 
exceptions,  will  back  them  up.  My  own  company  has  repeatedly  pledged  itself  in  the 
most  positive  terms  to  do  its  utmost  in  behalf  of  any  feasible  plan  to  suppress  this 
undeniable  evil,  and  my  personal  disapproval  and  official  repudiation  of  it  are  too  well 
known  to  need  reiteration. 

McLean,  George  U«,  vice-president  of  the  Citizen's  insurance  com- 
pany of  New  York,  was  born  in  that  city  in  1889,  and  is  a  son  of  the 
late  President  McLean  of  the  Manhattan  Life,  who  was  previously 
president  of  the  Citizens.  Mr.  McLean  joined  the  office  force  of  the 
latter  company  in  1870,  was  made  manager  of  agencies  in  1882,  and 
was  elected  vice-president  in  April,  1886. 

Mercantile  Schedule,  Universal.  [See  Universal  Mercantile 
Schedule.] 

Merchants  Mutual  insurance  company  of  New  Orleans.  Paul 
Capdeville  was  elected  president  to  succeed  Paul  Fourchy,  resigned, 
in  January,  1892.  The  Merchants  Mutual  changed  its  name  to  tbe 
Merchants  (omitting  Mutual)  in  1898. 

Meredith,  Peter  K.,  insurance  commissioner  of  Delaware,  is  a 
farmer  by  vocation  and  a  resident  of  Kent  County.  He  was  appointed 
to  succeed  Commissioner  Fooks  in  1898. 


MjcTRoPOLitAN  Life  Insurancb  Oompanv.  201 

Merrill,  (itoorgre  S.,  insurance  commissioner  of  Massachusetts,  was 
born  at  Methuen,  Mass.,  in  1889,  learned  and  worked  at  the  trade 
of  printer  until  he  became  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Lawrence 
American  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  was  postmaster  at  Lawrence  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two,  went  to  the  war  and  came  out  of  it  a  captain, 
was  commander-in  chief  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  in  1881, 
and  commander  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston 
in  1883.  Gov.  Ames,  in  1887,  appointed  him  insurance  commissioner 
of  Massachusetts  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Commissioner  Tarboz, 
deceased.  He  was  reappointed  by  Gov.  Brackett  in  1890  and  by  Got. 
Russell,  his  political  opponent,  in  1898.  Ma^or  Merrill  was  president 
of  national  convention  of  insurance  commissioners  in  1890. 

Metropolitan  Life  insurance  company  of  New  York  was  originally 
chartered  as  a  casualty  company,  and  began  business  as  the  National 
Travelers  insurance  company.  The  act  of  incorporation  was  passed 
April  9,  1867.  The  title  was  changed  by  an  act  passed  March  24, 
1868,  becoming  the  Metropolitan  Life  insurance  company.  The 
casualty  feature  of  the  business  was  omitted  and  regular  life  insurance 
adopted  under  the  general  act  of  June  24,  1858,  embracing  insurance 
upon  the  lives  of  individuals  and  annuity  transactions.  The  capital  wns 
limited  to  $200,000.  The  board  was  authorized,  when  the  gross  assets 
of  the  company  should  reach  $500,000,  to  retire  one-half  of  the  capital 
stock,  bv  pavment  to  the  stockholders  of  one  half  of  the  par  value  of 
the  stock.  An  amendment  was  passed  March  27.  1874,  increasing  the 
dividends  to  policy-holders  and  limiting  the  stockholders  to  an 
annual  7  per  cent.  The  original  charter  in  addition  to  the  regular  7 
per  cent,  on  the  stock  provided  that  there  should  be  placed  "to  the 
credit  of  the  stockholders  one  tenth  of  any  surplus  which  shall 
remain  of  the  profits  or  surplus  after  providing  for  the  out- 
standing liabilities  of  the  company."  The  amount  realized  under 
this  provision  was  payable  to  the  stockholders  at  the  same  time 
and  m  the  same  manner  as  the  authorized  dividend.  Under  the 
amendment  after  paying  the  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  and  providing 
for  all  the  outstanding  liabilities  of  the  company  "all  the  remaining 
profits  or  surplus  shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  policy-holders  who 
may  be  entitled  to  participate  in  the  profits  or  surplus  of  the  company 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  premium  paid  respectively."  It  should 
be  stated  in  this  connection  that  from  the  inception  of  the  company 
nothing  had  ever  been  paid  to  the  shareholders  in  excess  of  the  7  per 
cent,  dividend. 

The  charter  amendment,  therefore,  was  only  in  keeping  with  the 
actual  practice  of  the  company.  May  17.  1883.  an  amendment  was 
passed  authorizing  a  division  of  the  Metropolitan's  business  into  "two 
departments,  the  books  and  accounts  of  which  shall  be  kept  separate 
and  distinct,  and  which  shall  be  respectively  known  as  the  'ordinary 
department'  and  the  'industrial  department.'"  The  amendment  also 
provided  that  on  ihe  first  day  of  January  of  each  year,  or  within  sixty  • 
days  thereafter,  a  valuation  should  be  made  of  the  assets  and  liabilities 
of  the  company,  and  that,  after  providing  for  the  liabilities  of  the 
"ordinar3r  department,"  the  net  surplus  derived  from  the  busi- 
ness of  this  department  shall  be  credited  to  such  policy-holders  as  mav 
be  entitled  to  participate  in  it.  "  Then,  after  providing  for  the  liabil-, 
10  ........ Ogle 


20^  Mbtbo^litak  Lipb  Insurancb  OOUPAUt, 

ities  of  the  '  industrial  department '  and  interest  upon  the  capital  stock, 
the  net  surplus  derived  from  the  business  of  said  department  shall  he 
added  to  the  capital  stock  as  additional  security  to  the  policy-holders." 
The  company  was  authorized  and  empowered  from  time  to  time  to 
increase  its  capital  stock  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  $2,000,000.  The 
additional  stock  was  to  be  paid  in  cash  or  by  the  application  of  such 
surplus  as  might  be  derived  from  the  business  of  the  "industrial  de- 
partment." The  provision  limiting  the  stock  dividends  to  7  per  cent. 
was  re-enacted,  in  1881  the  capital  was  reduced  to  (100,000,  but 
on  the  passage  of  the  1883  amendment  the  amount  was  increased 
to  $500,000.  May  12,  1889,  an  additional  increase  of  $500,000  was 
ordered,  making  the  total  $1,000,000.  In  January,  11891,  it  was  in- 
creased to  the  statutory  limit. 

For  some  years  previous  to  1879  the  Metropolitan  made  a  specialty 
of  what  was  then  called  the  reserve  endowment  business,  policies 
beine  issued  at  ordinary  life  or  limited  payment  rates,  payable  at  death 
for  their  face,  or  at  the  end  of  a  stipulated  number  of  years — from 
10  to  40,  at  intervals  of  5  —  as  an  endowment  for  the  amount  of  the 
reserve  and  accumulations.  It  had  also  entered  quite  largely  into  the 
insurance  of  Germans,  through  an  organization  known  as  the  Hildise- 
Bund,  the  premiums  being  collected  by  the  Bund's  officers  in  weekly 
installments  and  paid  over  to  the  company.  This  was  the  precursor 
of  its  present  immense  Industrial  business,  and  was  the  pioneer  effort 
in  this  country  to  successfully  establish  a  weekly-premium  plan  of 
life  insurance. 

In  1879  the  Metropolitan  adopted  the  working  methods  of  the  sys- 
tem of  insurance  known  as  the  English  industrial  plan,  as  exem- 
plified by  the  London  *' Prudential/'  which  had  attained  great  popu- 
larity and  volume  in  Qreat  Britain.  The  insurance  commissioner  of 
Massachusetts,  in  discussing  this  branch  of  insurance  in  the  annual 
report  for  1879,  says:  '*  Though  somewhat  experimental  in  its  present 
stagd  of  development  in  this  country,  its  success  has  thus  far  excecnded 
all  expectations.  Bein^  especially  adapted  to  the  p<^or  and  laboring 
classes,  its  material  and  timely  relief,  so  promptly  furnished  in  seasons 
of  pressing  need,  is  proving  itself  a  welcome  booh  to  multitudes  of 
grateful  beneficiaries."  Again,  in  1882,  he  said:  "This  form  of 
insurance,  which  is  furnishing  timely  and  needed  relief  upon  the 
death  of  both  children  and  adults,  is  based  upon  the  most  reliable 
tables  of  mortality,  is  strictly  legitimate  in  every  respect,  and  illus- 
trates as  clearly  as  any  possible  method  the  beneficent  intentions  and 
results  of  life  insurance."  The  issue  of  industrial  policies  was  com- 
menced in  November  by  the  company,  and  the  total  number  in  force 
December  81,  1879,  was  5,148,  covering  insurance  to  the  amount  of 
$440,049. 

The  system  developed  with  great  rapidity  and  success.  The  prin- 
cipal insurance  departments  discussed  it  in  annual  reports.  The  New 
York  superintendent  in  the  report  for  1883  said  :  "  The  rapid  growth 
of  industrial  insurance  indicates  that  the  advantages  it  offers  are  being 
presented  with  characteristic  ener^  by  the  companies  that  are  making 
it  a  specialty.  In  five  years  the  increase  in  the  number  of  policies 
issued  is  amazing.  .  .  .  The  details  connected  with  the  collection 
of  the  weekly  premiums  and  the  verification  of  the  work  of  the  col- 


Digitized  b^tVjOOQlC 


MsTBOPOLtTAK  LtFB  iKSlTRAlfrClB  C^OBIPAlhr.  dO^ 

lectors  are  provided  for  and  guided  by  a  well-nigh  perfect  system.  The 
increase  each  year  in  the  number  of  people  employed  by  the  compa- 
nies in  their  outside  work  indicates  the  popularity  of  the  business. 
The  liberality  shown  in  the  treatment  of  policy-holders  and  the 
prompt  payments  of  claims  have  accomplished  its  establishm'ent. 
There  is  not  recalled  a  sixigle  complaint  made  of  any  of  the 
companies  during  the  year."  The  Massachusetts  commissioner  in  the 
annual  report  for  1884  returned  to  the  discussion,  expressintj^  his  obser- 
vations in  the  language  appended:  "Its  experience  thus  far  sustains 
the  faith  of  its  promoters.  This  achievement  in  a  season  peculiarly 
unfavorable  by  reason  of  the  sluggish  condition  of  our  industries 
deeply  affecting  that  part  of  our  population  who  furnish  its  patrons, 
justly  inspires  the  managers  of  industrial  insurance  with  renewed 
confidence  in  its  permanent  success."  In  1885  the  same  official  said: 
"  The  remarkable  growth  of  this  branch  since  its  recent  introduction 
is  evidence  of  the  Interest  of  all  classes  in  life  insurance,  and  also  of 
a  thrifty  and  provident  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  mass  of  the 
people.  Its  acceptabilitv  to  persons  of  humble  means  is  in  the  circum- 
stance that  it  may  be  paid  for  in  small  stipends  that  may  be  spared 
from  the  weekly  family  income."  The  insurance  commissioner  of 
Connecticut,  discussing  industrial  insurance  in  the  annual  report  for 
1884,  observed :  "  The  plan  commends  itself  to  people  of  small 
means,  depending  on  daily  earnings  for  support,  ana  deserves  to  be 
encouraged  in  every  proper  way."  In  1885  the  same  official  continued : 
".Five  or  ten  cents  a  week,  according  to  age,  will  purchase  an  insur- 
ance of  $100  for  persons  not  past  middle  life,  and  thus  a  small  provis- 
ion for  the  future  is  brought  within  the  reach  of  all  who  are  insurable. 
The  great  body  of  workers  dependent  on  slender  daily  wages  ought  to 
avail  themselves  of  this  plan,  and  not  only  great  private  but  also  pub- 
lic benefit  would  result  therefrom." 

With  the  beginning  of  the  year  1892  the  company  instituted  an 
important  advance  movement.  Announcement  was  then  made  that 
every  industrial  policy  issued  after  that  time  would  be  entitled  to  a 
X>aid-ap  policy  in  the  event  of  lapse,  after  being  in  force  five  or  more 
years.  The  paid-up  feature  was  extended  to  all  existing  industrial 
policies  conditionea  on  their  remaining  in  force  five  years  from  Janu- 
ary 1,  1892.  The  company  annoimced  at  the  same  time  that  it  would 
issue  industrial  endowment  policies,  and  published  tables  for  15,  20, 
25,  and  80  years.  It  began  writing  these  policies  at  that  date,  and  in 
1898  added  the  immediate  partial  benefit  clause  to  them. 

From  the  company's  experience  it  was  ascertained  that  a  very 
respectable  proportion  of  the  industrial  community  desired  insurance 
up  as  high  as  $500.  It  was  decided  this  demand  could  be  safely  met, 
if  a  more  rigid  medical  examination  were  secured  than  that  required 
for  an  ordinary  industrial  policy.  Special  applications  were  prepared 
and  a  new  form  of  policy  issued  in  1893  giving  immediate  partial 
benefit. 

For  more  than  ten  years  pri^  to  1892  the  business  in  the  ordinary 
department  declined  because  no  effort  was  made  to  secure  new  policy- 
holders, but  the  companv  decided  to  instruct  its  agents  to  solicit  for 
ordinary  business,  and  for  this  purpose  new  rates  and  policy  forms 
were  prepared.    Ail  policies  are  non-participating.    Besides  the  ordi*  j 


m 


Mbtsopolitak  Lifb  Inbur^ncb  Com^ahY. 


nary  forms  of  life  and  endowment  insurance^  the  company  issues  A 
term  policy  covering  the  "Ezpectatioo  of  Life/'  a  life  policy  with 
return  of  all  premiums  paid,  and  a  life  policy  which  for  an  unchanging 
annual  premium  iocreaaes  one-tenth  every  five  years,  so  that  after  five 
of  these  periods  have  been  reached,  the  insurance  has  increased  one- 
half,  ana  when  ten  of  them  have  been  reached,  the  insurance  has 
doubled. 

In  addition  to  the  above  an  endowment  policy  with  mortuary 
additions  is  issued  —  these  additions  increasing  proportionately  with 
the  age  of  the  policy,  and  in  each  case  being  equal  in  the  last  year  of 
the  contract  to  the  endowment.  For  instance,  if  it  be  a  ten-year  en- 
dowment for  $1,000,  then  the  amount  payable  if  death  occur  in  the 
first  year  is  $1,100;  in  the  second  year  $1,200,  etc.  These  additions 
are  payable  only  in  the  eveot  of  death  within  endowment  period. 

The  figures  showing  the  business  of  the  Metropolitan  m  the  indus- 
trial department  during  the  18  jears  ending  December  31,  1892,  are 
as  follows,  the  number  of  policies  in  force  and  the  amount  of  insur- 
ance outstanding  at  the  close  of  each  year  being  given: 

INDUBTBIAL  POLIGIBS  AITD  INSXTRAKGS. 


Year. 

Number  in  Forc«. 

Amoant  of  Insonnoe. 

1880 

110,198 

$9,108,870 

1881 

190,848 

17,894,640 

188S 

885,789 

84,67\»,a07 

1888 

096,049 

66.686,885 

188i 

670,999 

71,966,688 

1886 

829,888 

91,484,968 

1886 

1,006,876 

119,600,889 

1887 

1,346,136 

147,768,887 

1888 

1,689,648 

176,688,148 

1889 

1,849,118 

800,899,999 

1890 

8,096,696 

881,115,440 

1891 

9,878,487 

864,889,881 

1898 

8,719,880 

810,7«7,8rm 

The  industrial  policy  issued  by  the  company  is  printed  in  full  in  the 
series  of  policy  forms  embodied  elsewhere  in  this  work. 

The  most  remarkable  success  in  the  experience  of  this  com- 
pany was  attained  during  the  year  1892,  when  it  issued  and  revived 
1,141,828  industrial  policies  insuring  the  sum  of  $127,228,476.  Under 
the  inspiration  of  the  present  management  the  work  in  the  Ordinary 
Branch  also  revived,  there  being  written  in  this  department  last  year 
1.704  policies  insuring  $2,002,641,  which  was  a  larger  number  thim  in 
the  previous  ten  years. 

The  office  force  exceeds  600,  and  the  total  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed is  about  8,000.  The  total  number  of  policies  in  force  in  both 
departments  on  December  81,  1892,  was  2,719,860,  insuring  $810,767,- 
896,  showing  a  net  gain  during  the  year  of  488,220  policies.  Its  claims 
in  1892  were  50,157  in  number  and  $4,910,981.86  in  amount. 

Durinff  1892  the  company  issued,  on  an  average,  each  working  day 
8,787  policies,  wrote  new  insurance  of  $422,000,  paid  claims  to  the 
amount  of  $16,016.27,  and  added  to  its  assets  $9,409.59.  It  is  now  the 
largest  industrial  insurance  company  in  America,  and,  witib  one  ex- 
ception, the  largest  in  the  world.  ^,y ,... .,  ^ .  .^ 


MxcmGAN  Ikbuaahcs  Bepobt  fob  1892.  205 

The  original  oi&cenof  the  company  were  James  R.  Dow,  president, 
and  Elias  H.  Jones,  secretary.  In  June,  1870,  John  R.  Hegeman  be- 
came secretary,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year,  vice-president. 
Joseph  F.  Knapp  was  elected  {^resident  in  1871  and  Wm.  J.  Comly 
secretary.  The  former,  until  his  death,  remained  itt  the  head  of  the 
company.  Secretary  Comly,  however,  was  succeeded  in  1872  by 
Robert  A.  Oranniss,  who  retained  the  position  until  1877,  when  Mr. 
Hegeman  assumed  its  duties  in  connection  with  the  vice-presidency. 
In  1890  George  H.  Gaston  was  made  secretarv.  Upon  the  death  of 
President  Knapp  in  1891,  Vice-President  John  R.  Hegeman  was 
elected  president,  and  Mr.  Haley  Fiske,  vice-president.  In  April, 
181^«  Secretary  Gaston  was  made  second  vice-president,  combining 
with  his  new  office  the  duties  of  his  old.  James  H.  Craig  is  the 
actuary.  The  present  directors  of  the  conopany  are  Jobn  R.  Hege- 
man, Thomas  L.  James,  Silas  B.  Dutcher,  Enoch  L.  Fancher,  John 
M.  Crane,  Emery  M.  Van  Tassel,  James  L.  Stewart.  Eli  Beard,  H. 
Toulman,  Edward  C.  Wallace.  Joseph  P.  Enapp,  Ricbard  Major, 
Benjamin  D.  F.  Curtis,  Stewart  L.  Woodford,  George  H.  Gaston, 
Haley  Fiske. 

Michigan  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters.  The  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Detroit  October  8, 1892,  and  tbe  following  were 
elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year:  Henry  8.  Seage  of  Ltmsing, 
state  agent  of  the  Traders,  president;  W.  Fred  McBain,  secretary  of 
the  Grand  Rapids  Fire,  vice-president;  John  S.  Fletcher  of  Detroit, 
state  agent  of  the  Norwich  Union,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

Michigan  Fire  and  Marine  insurance  company  of  Detroit  in 
June,  1892,  elected  Frank  H.  Whitney  secretary,  to  succeed  Eugene 
Harbeck,  who  had  accepted  the  management  of  the  western  depart- 
ment of  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn. 

Michigan  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  Part  I  of  the  twenty- 
second  annual  report  of  the  commissioner  of  insurance  of  Michigan, 
relating  to  fire  and  marine  business,  was  dated  April  18, 1892.  During 
the  previous  year  eight  companies  had  been  admitted  to  the  state:  the 
Albany,  Armstrong,  Fire  Association  and  Mutual  Fire  of  New  York, 
Oakland,  Home,  Reliance,  Rockford,  and  Queen.  Eighteen  companies 
had  withdrawn.  The  commissioner  noticed  the  memorial  of  the  Na- 
tional Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  to  the  president  in  reference  to  the 
national  fire  waste,  and  advocated  a  law  providing  for  the  investigation 
of  fires  in  Michigan,  on  the  plan  of  the  Massachusetts  law. 

In  Part  II  of  the  report  it  was  stated  that  there  had  been  no  changes 
in  the  list  of  regular  life  companies  doing  business  in  the  state  during 
the  year.  Tbe  commissioner  exposed  the  operations  of  unauthorized 
j;rave3rard  insurance  associations  in  the  state,  and  said  that  the  punish- 
ment inflicted  by  existing  laws  upon  persons  convicted  was  not  com- 
mensurate with  the  enormity  of  the  offense,  and  he  asked  for  more 
legislation.  He  also  denounced  the  endowment  orders  and  begged  for 
an  amendment  to  the  law  governing  fraternal  societies,  wbich  would 
enable  him  to  puni.«h  the  swindlers  who  were  swarming  into  tbe  stale. 
He  advised  a  general  overhauling  of  tbe  insurance  laws  of  tbe  state. 

The  receipts  of  the  department  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1H02, 
were  (including  taxes  on  insurance  companies)  |187, 510,  The  expenses 
of  the  department  were  f8,062,  ^,y , .. .,  _  _  -^S\^ 


206  Michigan  Mutual  Lifb  Insurakcb  CouPAirr. 

Michigan,  Ingnrance  Saperrision  in,  1871-1 89S.  The  d^rt- 
ment  was  established  by  act  approved  April  18,  1871.  The  official 
head  is  the  Qpmmissioner  of  uisurance,  who  is  appointed  by  the  goT- 
ernor  for  a  term  of  two  years.    The  commissioDers  have  been : 

Samoel  H.  Row« April,  1871— Jan.,  18B3. 

Eugene  Pringle,.  : Jan.,  188S— Jan.,  18S6. 

Henry  S.  Raymond, Jan.,   18»— July,  18»1. 

William  E.  Magill, July,   1891--July,  1883. 

Theron  P.  Qid<mi^, July,   18W— 

Mr.  Giddings  is  the  present  Incumbent.  His  term  will  expire  July 
1,  1895.  The  deputy  commissioner  is  H.  W.  Walker,  late  secretary  of 
the  Michigan  Masonic  Association  (assessment). 

Michigan  Life  Insarance  Arents*  Association  was  organized 
in  November,  1886.  At  the  annual  meeting,  November  29,  1892,  offi- 
cers for  the  ensuing  year  were  elected  as  follows:  G.  A.  Watkins, 
president;  H.  G.  Van  Tuyl.  first  vice-president;  8.  L.  Houghton,  sec- 
ond vice-president;  C.  S.  White,  secretary  and  treasurer;  W.  T.  Gage, 
W.  H.  Thompson.  H.  Haskell,  0.  W.  Pickell,  A.  K.  Bradley,  executive 
committee.  It  was  reported  at  the  meeting  that  eighteen  companies 
had  sent  favorable  replies  to  the  request  of  the  association  that  com- 
panies will  discharge  agents  detected  in  giving  rebates  to  the  assured. 
[See  Anti-Rebate  Laws.] 

Michigan  Mntaal  Life  insurance  company  of  Detroit  was  incor- 
porated November  6,  and  began  business  November  12,  1867.  The 
original  directors  were  John  J.  Bagley,  Jacob  S.  Farrand,  Robert  W. 
King,  T.  H.  Hinchman,  Arthur  C.  Porter,  William  A.  Moore,  Gteoree 
Foote,  Gustavus  Doeltz.  E.  8.  Heineman,  N.  G.  Isbell,  Edward  Le 
Favour,  Wm.  8.  Wilcox,  George  W.  Lee,  Charles  D.  Stevens,  John 
Johnston,  P.  B.  Loomis,  T.  A.  Flower,  F.  W.  Judd,  Herman  Keifer, 
W.  F.  Raynolds,  T.  M.  Cooley,  E.  O.  Grosvenor,  and  O.  8.  Gulley. 
John  J.  Bagley  was  elected  president,  John  T.  Liggett,  secretary,  and 
Professor  Janues  0.  Watson  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  actuary. 
The  capital  was  $100,000.  The  annual  dividend  to  stockholders  was 
restricted  to  10  per  cent,  from  the  beginning.  Securities,  aggregating 
$100,000,  were  deposited  with  the  state  treasurer  for  the  protection  of 
all  policv-holders.  May  18,  1876,  the  capital  was  made  ax|uarter  of  a 
million  dollars,  and  has  remained  unchanged  since  that  time.  Jacob 
8.  Farrand  was  elected  president  of  the  company  in  1871,  and  remained 
in  active  service  until  his  death,  April  3,  1891.  The  progress  of  the 
company  during  the  score  of  years  was  due  to  the  effective  administra- 
tion of  President  Farrand  and  his  associates  in  office,  including  Vice- 
President  William  A.  Butler.  The  latter  was  on  what  proved  to  be 
his  death-bed  at  the  time  of  President  Farrand's  death.  He  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  company  April  28,  but  on  account  of 
the  fatal  illness  referred  to  was  not  able  to  perform  any  of  the  duties 
connected  with  the  office.  His  death  occurred  May  6.  President  Far- 
rand was  76  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  President  Butler 
78.  These  two  officers  were  among  the  originators  of  the  Michigan 
Mutual,  which  was  the  only  life  insurance  company  organized  under 
the  laws  of  Michigan  until  1886.  The  secretaryship  was  held  by  John 
T.  Liggett  from  the  time  of  the  company's  organization  in  1867  until 
September,  1883,  wheq  he  was  succeeded  by  Oscar  R.  Looker,  who 

J,,, _. /Google 


MicmoAN  Mutual  Lirs  Inburakob  Company.  207 

prior  to  that  date  had  been  the  cashier  of  the  company.  In  1880,  M. 
W.  Harrington  was  appointed  actuary. 

A  statute  approved  May  17,  1881,  making  policies  non  forfeitable 
after  the  payment  of  three  annual  premiums,  went  into  effect  Septem- 
ber 8  of  that  year.  This  law  received  the  cordial  approbation  of  the 
officers  of  the  Michigan  Mutual.  The  company  in  fact  was  the  only 
one  organized  under  the  laws  of  Michigan  that  could  be  affected  by 
the  provision.  The  company  also  adopted  definite  contracts  of  insur- 
ance with  cash  or  paid-up  values  endorsed  on  every  policv  issued^ 
This  plan  left  nothing  unsettled  as  to  the  terms  upon  which  any 
policy-holder  could  retire  from  the  company,  whether  voluntarily  or 
on  account  of  inability  to  continue  tbe  payment  of  premiums.  It  has 
been  the  aim  of  the  managers  from  the  outset  to  promote  the  best  in- 
terests of  the  policyholders.  In  1870,  the  company  was  admitted  to 
Ohio  and  Indiana.  But  its  principal  operations  outside  of  Michigan 
have  been  established  during  the  past  eight  years.  Business  was  begun 
in  Illinois  in  1884,  Kansas  and  Minnesota  in  1885,  Iowa  in  1886,  Penn- 
sylvania in  1886,  Colorado  in  1889,  Wisconsin  and  Kentuckv  in  1889, 
New  Jersey  and  Maryland  in  1890,  Tennessee  in  1891,  and  Georgia 
asd  North  Carolina  in  1892.  The  company  has  been  noted  from  the 
first  for  its  conservative  selection  of  risks— a  fact  in  its  experience  no 
farther  back  than  1882,  when  its  business  was  confined  to  Michigan, 
Ohio,  and  Indiana,  will  illustrate  the  point.  In  this  territory  the  death 
losses  for  the  period  under  calculation  amounted  to  876,  while  by  the 
American  tables  the  total  should  have  been  493,  and  by  the  Actuaries' 
580.  The  aggregate  mortality  experienced  by  the  company,  in  other 
words,  was  76  per  cent,  of  the  American,  and  71  per  cent,  of  the  Eng- 
lish figures.  This  result  must  be  attributed  in  part  at  least  to  the 
company's  selection,  the  healthfulness  of  the  territory  in  which  the 
business  was  transacted  not  affording  an  adequate  explanation. 

With  the  death  of  Presidents  Farrand  and  Butler  tbe  directors  were 
called  upon  to  designate  a  successor  who  should  promote  without  in- 
terruption the  prosperous  management  that  bad  been  maintained  for 
twenty  years.  Naturally,  ex-United  States  Senator  Thomas  W.  Palmer 
of  the  board  became  the  choice  of  his  associates.  He  was  elected  July 
28,  1891.  Mr.  Palmer,  who  is  widely  known  as  a  public  man,  was 
elected  president  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in  1890,  and  on 
that  account  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  presidency  of  the  company. 
Secretary  Looker,  who  had  been  the  actual  manager  for  some  years, 
was  then  advanced  to  the  presidency.  His  administration  as  president 
began  Januarv  81,  1898.  His  associate  officers  are  8.  R.  Mumford, 
first  vice-president;  J.  W.  Dusenbury,  second  vice-president;  H.  F. 
Frede,  secretary;  G.  W.  Sanders,  actuary;  and  W.  F.  Raynolds,  con- 
sulting actuary.    The  directors  are: 

O.  R.  Ixwker,  8.  R.  Mamford,  J.  W.  DnsenbDiT,  Hon.  T.  W.  Palmer,  Gen.  William 
F.  Raynoldi,  Charles  A.  Kent,  Hojt  Post,  Emory  Wendell,  William  A.  Moore,  W.  C. 
ColbiuiL.  Robert  W.  King,  George  w.  Latimer,  M.  8.  Smith,  D.  M.  Ferry,  George  Peck, 
R.  P.  Williams,  G.  8.  wormer,  H.  F.  Lyster,  M.D.,  Wm.  S.  Green,  L.  H.  Chamberlln, 
B.  H.  Elwell,  William  8.  Wilcox,  B.  J.  Conrad,  M.  J.  Mooney,  J.  H.  Cnmmlns,  Theo. 
P.  Gordon,  B.  C.  Farrand,  E.  R  Welton,  W.  H.  Brace,  Franlt  8.  Ring. 

The  appended  table  presents  in  detail  the  business  of  the  company 
since  1870,  the  statistics  being  by  the  year  since  1880.    From  organ- 
ization until  January  1,  1898,  the  payments  to  policy  holders  bave> 
amounted  to  |8,860,^W.  ^«r...^. ^^^ 


308 


MncB,  LiviNosioir. 


Year. 

'    Total 
1  Income 
Per  Year. 

$98,595 

1 

Premium ' 
Receipts. 

$87,837 

Paid 

Policy- 
holders. 

1- 
$24,3&3 

Total 

Admitted 

Assets. 

Sorplns 

as  regards 

Polfcy- 

boldera. 

Number 
of 

Policies. 

Inaarance 
inForoe. 

1870 

$199,860 

$87,861 

1,674 

$8,091,065 

1875 

a9«,87I) 

865.194: 

146,646 

696,095 

94,466 

6,844 

19^8.816 

18H0 

881, 2(K) 

213,683 

139,Wa 

971,908 

966,896 

4,682 

8,844.816 

1881 

808,588 

239,431 

i30,(xv; 

1,037,678 

986.976 

4,999 

8,966,988 

1882 

»45,l»3C 

278,(X)« 

185,804 

1,086,971 

291,470 

5,490 

9,848,734 

1888 

,       38fi,47\» 

320,012 

145,399 

1,901,079 

950,811 

6.888 

10,688,385 

1884 

;       437,6^9 

86(K06« 

166,714 

1,848,801 

254,114 

8,628 

11,797.680 

1885 

1      639,126 

441,625 

197,8(50 

1,499,608 

968,140 

7,608 

1«,7«,117 

1886 

1     »n,-M9 

512,0«)7 

193,512 

1,720,299 

960,191 

8,9M 

16^1,928 

1887 

700,593 

&ei,&JG 

266,386 

1,958,115 

269,304 

9,891 

18,060466 

1888 

733,063 

619.550 

248.519 

2,366,206 

891,924 

10,449 

19.099,380 

1889 

1       810,0(33 

6:6,319 

278,346 

2,689,257 

379,901 

10,896 

90.372.166 

18«0 

1       896,67« 

747,196 

311.253 

2,976,469 

408,472 

12,146 

99,899,718 

1891 

1    1,062,*>4 

882,616 

838,212 

8,408,797 

478,319 

13,986 

96.988,347 

1809 

'    1,218,218 

1,028,322 

370.804 

4,003,816 

462,689 

16,909 

81.104,394 

Middle  Department,  Underwriters  Association  of.  [Be% 
Underwriters  Association  of  the  Middle  Department.] 

Mid^lejr,  William  £.,  president  of  the  American  Casualty  Insur- 
ance and  Security  Company  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  was  born  in  tliecity 
of  New  York  in  1846.  tie  was  educated  at  the  Jenner  school  in  tliat 
city  and  the  Columbia  College  law  school.  In  1868  he  l>ecame  a  part- 
ner in  the  silk  importing  house  of  L.  O.  Wilson  &  Co.,  New  York, 
and  continued  in  the  business  until  the  firm  dissolved  in  1879.  The 
following  year  Mr.  Midgley  accepted  the  assistant  secretaryship  of 
the  New  x  ork  and  Boston  Fire  insurance  company,  remaining  with  it 
until  its  retirement  in  1888.  In  November  of  that  year  he  received 
the  appointment  of  vice-president  of  the  American  Steam  Boiler  insur- 
ance company,  which  he  resigned  in  1889  to  take  the  presidency  of  the 
American  Casualty  in  January,  1890.  Mr.  Midgley  is  a  director  of 
the  Clinton  and  Sherman  banks  of  New  York. 

Miller,  Bloomfleld  J.,  actuary  of  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  in- 
surance company  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  was  born  in  that  city  December 
81,  1849.  tie  entered  the  mathematical  department  of  the  Mutual 
Benefit  when  less  than  eighteen  years  old,  in  September,  1867,  under 
Amzi  Dodd,  then  head  of  the  department.  Mr.  Miller  was  appointed 
actuary  in  May,  1871,  and  mathematician  in  Januarv,  1882.  tie  is  one 
of  the  charter  members  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of  America,  and,  at 
present,  its  second  vice-president. 

Mills,  C  B.y  auditor  of  state  of  Arkansas,  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  in  Ralls  county,  Missouri,  September  80,  1889. 
He  was  county  clerk  of  Crittenden  county,  Ark. ,  before  liis  election  to 
his  present  office. 

Mims,  Livingston,  president  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Associa- 
tion, is  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  but  went  with  his  parents  to 
Mississippi  in  childhood.  He  studied  the  profession  of  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Mississippi  bar  before  he  was  twenty  years  old.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  that  state  in  1860  and  a  Breckinridge 
elector.    When  the  war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  one  of 


MiinnMOTA  A2n>  Dakota  Fxrx  XJndsbwbitsbs.  209 

the  first  companies  organized  in  his  state,  but  was  appointed  by  the 
Confederate  president  diief  quartermaster  of  the  mihtary  department 
of  MisaisBippi,  and  served  in  that  capacity  through  the  war.  At  its 
close  he  went  into  the  insurance  busiuess  m  coDjunction  with  his  old 
commander,  Gen.  Johnston,  thus  creating  the  firm  of  Jos.  £.  Johnston 
&  Co.,  which  became  managers  for  the  New  York  Life  iDsurance  com- 
pany and  the  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  for  the  southern 'states. 
In  1878  the  firm  resigned  the  agency  of  the  Liverpool  company  to 
accept  that  of  the  Home  of  New  York.  General  Johnston  retired  in 
1889,  and  Major  Mims  continued  the  business  of  the  firm.  He  resigned 
the  management  of  the  Home  in  1889,  but  retained  that  of  the  !New 
Yorlc  Life  whidbi  he  has  continued  to  the  present  time;  and  is  also 
manager  of  the  southern  department  of  the  Greenwich  insurance 
company  of  New  York.  He  succeeded  Clarence  Enowles  as  presi- 
dent of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association  in  1888. 

Minneapolis  Mntaal  Life  insurance  company  was  organized  at 
Minneapolis  in  1892,  on  the  plan  of  the  Fidelity  Mutual  Life  of 
Philadelphia.  Its  officers  were:  J.  H.  Queal,  president;  T.  W.  P, 
Patterson,  first  vice-president:  W.  H.  Matthews,  second  vice-president; 
A.  A.  Cowles,  secretary;  8.  M.  Davis,  superintendent  of  agencies. 

Hiniieapolis  National  Life  insurance  company  of  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  was  incorporated  in  1892  with  a  capital  stock  of  $125,000. 
The  following  officers  were  elected:  E.  M.  Mabie,.  president;  C.  M. 
Lorinff,  vice-president;  W.  M.  Tenney,  secretary;  ex-Governor  A.  R. 
McGifl,  treasurer;  Dr.  Qeo.  F.  Roberts,  medical  director. 

Minnesota  and  Dakota  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized  April 
23,  1885,  being  the  successor  of  the  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Dakota 
Union.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  Minneapolis,  and  J.  J.  Mc- 
Donald was  elected  president;  A.  J.  Trumbull,  vice-president;  and  A. 
K.  Murray,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  presidents  since  organization 
have  been:  1885,  J.  J.  McDonald;  1886,  A.  J.  Trumbull;  1887,  J.  H. 
Griffith;  1890,  £.  M.  Hitchcock;  1892,  George  G.  Williams;  1893, 
Samuel  J.  Johnson. 

The  organization  is  a  rating  and  supervising  body,  having  charge, 
practically,  of  the  states  of  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  and  South 
Dakota,  excepting  the  towns  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  St.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis  inspectorship,  the  Winona  inspectorship,  and  the  Duluth 
inspectorship.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  April,  1893,  the  following 
officers  and  executive  committee  were  elected: 

President,  ^amuel  J.  Johnson  of  Minneapolis,  special  agent  of  the 
Phenix  of  Brooklyn;  vice-president,  R.  A.  Overbeck  of  St.  Paul, 
special  ageni  of  the  St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine;  secretary  and  treasurer, 
Walter  H.  Cobban  of  Minneapolis,  special  agent  of  the  Manchester 
Fire.  Executive  committee,  C.  W.  Higley  of  Minneapolis,  state  agent  of 
the  New  York  Underwriters  Agency;  W.  O.  Chamberlin  of  Minnea- 
polis, special  agent  of  the  Niagara  Fire;  W.  D.  Lowry  of  Minneapolis, 
superintondent  of  agencies  of  the  Hartford  Fire;  A.  A.  Cratsenberg  of 
St.  Paul,  special  agent  of  the  Germ  an -American;  Howard  Grenell  of 
Minneapolis,  special  agent  of  the  Merchants  of  Newark;  L.  W.  Hazen 
of  Huron.  S.  D.,  state  agent  of  the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn;  W.  E. 
Higbee  of  Minneapolis,  special  agent  of  the  Springfield  Fire  and 
Mfffine.  r^  t 

10»  .y.zedbyCjOOgle 


210  MnfNBiOTA,  Ikbubanob  SuPBBvxnoH  nr. 

The  following  companies  are  represented  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Dakota  Underwriters,  hy  fiftj-eight  active  members: 
ifitna,  Hartford.  |  German  -  AoMrican,     New  North  British  and  Merean- 

American  Central,  St.  Lonla.  '    York.  tile. 

American  Fire,  New  York.    ,  Germania  Fire,  New  York.     National  Fire,  Hartford. 
American    Fire.     Philadel- 1  Hartford  Fire,  Hartford.        NorwichUnion,  Norwich. 

phla.  Hanover  Fire,  New  York. 

Barlinf^n,  Bnrlin^n,  la.   '  Ins.  Co.  of  North  America. 
Commercial  Union,  London.   Liverpool  and  London  and 
Continental,  New  York.         I        Globe. 


Connecticut  Fire,  Hartford. 
Citlsens,  New  York. 
Concordia  Fire,  Milwankee. 
Delaware,  Philadelphia. 
Fireman's  Fond,  San  Fran-  . 

Cisco.  I    wankee. 

Fire  Association  of  Phila-  <  Merchants.  Newark. 

delphia.  ,  Niagara  Fire,  New  York. 

German,  Freeport,  111.  Northern,  London. 


London  and  Lancashire. 
Lion  Fire,  London. 
Manchester  Fire,  Manches- 
ter. 
MUwankee  Mechanics,  Mil- 


Phenlx.  Brooklyn. 
Pennsvlvania  Fire,    Phila- 

delpnia. 
Qoeen,  New  York. 
Royal,  Liverpool. 
Son,  London. 
St  Paal  Fire  and  Marine, 

St.  Paul. 
Springfield  Fire  and  Marine, 

Sprrngfleld. 
Synidicate,  Minneapolis. 
Scottish  Union  A  Na  ' 

Bdinlmrgli. 

Minnesota  Association  of  Life  Underwriters.  At  the  annual 
meeting;  held  in  December,  1892,  officers  were  elected  as  follows:  L. 
D.  Wilkea  of  the  Equitable,  president;  Lindsey  Webb  of  the  State 
Mutual  of  Massachusetts,  first  vice-president;  J.  Watson  Smith  of  the 
Provident  Life  and  Trust,  second  vice-president;  F.  L.  Bancroft  of  the 
New  England  Mutual,  secretary;  C.  8.  Miller  of  the  Provident  Life 
and  Trust,  treasurer.  E.  W.  Feet,  of  the  Mutual  of  New  Yorlc,  is 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee. 

Minnesota  Insurance  Beport  for  1892.  The  fifteenth  annual 
report  of  the  insurance  commissioner  of  Minnesota,  relating  to  fire  and 
marine  insurance  business  in  the  state  in  1891,  was  dated 
March  1,  1892.  The  companies  admitted  during  the  year  were  the 
Armenia,  Albany,  Alamo,  Alliance  of  New  York,  Atlas  of  London, 
Firemen's  of  Chicago,  Granite  State,  North  River,  Prussian  National, 
and  Queen.  Twenty-eight  companies  ceased  to  do  business  in  the 
state.  The  commissioner  strongly  recommended  the  enactment  of 
a  law,  on  the  Massachusetts  plan,  to  investigate  the  causes  of  fires. 

But  one  new  life  insurance  company  had  been  licensed  —  the  Life 
Insurance  Clearing  Company  of  St.  Paul.  The  Imperial  of  Detroit 
retired  from  the  state.  The  commissioner  denounced  the  endowment 
assessment  frauds  and  urged  legislation  to  regulate  the  assessment 
business  in  the  state.    He  said : 

It  is  not  a  credit  to  the  state  that  it  allows  companies  to  do  business  within  its 
borders  which  are  only  able  to  pav  perhaps  thirty  to  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  face  of  their 

Soliciefl  at  death  —  corapanice  wliich  Induce  the  husband  and  father  to  part  with  a  pox^ 
on  of  his  hard-earned  wnge»  In  order  that  his  dependent  ones  may  have  something  in 
case  of  death.  After  years  of  assessment,  pavmeuts  beine  made  with  privation,  per- 
haps, it  certainly  Is  agKravating  to  the  dependent  ones  to  be  informed  tiiat  their  policy 
Is  worth iesa  or  worth  only  twenty-flve  to  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  face  of  the  policy.  And  it  is 
a  lamentable  fact  that  the  very  ones  who  most  need  insurance,  and  who  can  least  afford 
to  lose  their  premiums,  are  the  very  ones  who  are  induced  to  take  ont  policies  in  weak 
companies,  lured  on,  probably,  by  low  premiums.  It  is  tliis  class  of  people  that  the  state 
should  protect  as  fully  as  possible. 

The  receipts  of  the  department*  for  taxes  and  fees  in  1891  were 
$131,949.    The  disbursements  on  account  of  expenses  were  $7,047. 

Minnesota,  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1872-1893.  The  insur- 
ance department  was  organized  under  act  approved  February  29,  JL872, 
the  supervising  official  being  termed  insurance  conunissioner.    He  is 


MnsouBi  IirsusAKciB  Rbfobt  fob  1893.  211 

appointed  by  the  goTemor  for  two  yean.    The  commissioners  have 
been: 

Bennock  Piuey, March  1, 1879  —  Dec.  16. 1878. 

A.B.MCOU1, Dec.    16,18?«  — Jan.   6,1887. 

Charles  Shandrew Jan.     6, 1887  —  Jan.  29, 1889. 

CalTin  P.  Bailey, Jan.   93, 1889  — Jan.   5,1891. 

Charles  H.  Smith, Jan.     6, 1891-> 

Mr.  Smith  was  reappointed  in  January,  1898,  for  two  years  ending 
1895.     D.  C.  Lightboum  is  the  deputy  commissioner. 

MlBsissippi,  Insurance  Saperrision  in^  Under  the  revised  code 
of  1857  the  auditor  of  public  accounts  was  charged  with  the  super- 
vision of  insurance  in  Mississippi.  The  auditor  is  appointed  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  Those  who  have  served  since  1880,  when  the 
insurance  law  was  amended,  are.  Sylvester  Gwin,  whose  term  expired 
in  1886,  and  W.  W.  Stone,  whose  term  extends  under  the  new  consti- 
tution until  January,  1896.  T.  M.  Henry  is  the  deputy  auditor  in 
charge  of  insurance. 

Mississippi  Talned-Poliey  Law.  The  new  valued-policy  law  of 
Mississippi  taking  eilect  November  1,  1892,  the  executive  committee 
of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association,  at  a  meeting  at  Meridian, 
promulgated  the  following  rules  to  meet  the  emergency : 

SscTiQN  1.  In  Vicksbnrg,  Natchez,  Meridian,  Jackson,  Greenville,  Colombus, 
Aberdeen,  Canton,  Tazoo  City,  and  other  cities  and  towns  of  equal  size,  a  corapetent 
bailder  be  employed  to  yalae  each  building  to  be  insured,  taking  into  consideration 
its  condition  and  depreciation,  and  report  in  writing  to  the  secretary  of  the  local  board 
and  the  Sonth  Eastern  Tariff  Association.  That  a  charge  of  10  cents  per  $100  of 
insurance  be  added  to  rate  in  every  case  to  cover  cost  of  such  valuation,  no  fee  to  be 


less  than  $1.00  and  none  exceeding  $10.00.    Farther,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  builder 
to  examine  all  flues,  chimneys,  and  stove  pipes,  and  include  ii   ' ' 
whether  same  are  safe,  and,  if  not,  point  out  existing  defects. 


ng^  ,       

to  examine  all  flues,  chimneys,  and  stove  pipes,  and  include  in  his  report  a  statement 
~^ether  same  are  safe,  and,  if  not,  point  out  existing  defects. 

2.  In  other  places  valuation  shall  be  made  by  a  builder  to  be  selected  by  executive 
committee,  who  shall  report  in  writing  to  the  secretary  of  the  local  board  at  each 
place^  and  file  a  copy  with  the  secretary  of  the  association;  compensation  to  be 
arranged  for  by  collecting  not  exceeding  26  cents  per  $100  of  insurance  on  each  policy 
written. 

8.  The  amount  of  insurance  be  limited  to  76  per  cent,  of  the  value  as  -fixed  by  said 
builder,  and  the  amount  permitted  stated  in  the  policy,  in  the  following  langnngc: 
*'  Total  insorance  permitted  not  exceeding  $ ,  including  tliis  policy.'' 

8bc.  2.  There  shall  be  an  application  on  all  building  risks;  such  application 
to  be  so  prepared  as  to  give  an  accurate  description  of  the  property  to  be  insured  with 
its  aee  and  condition.  Policies  issued  on  such  application  to  follow  strictly  the  descrip- 
tion in  the  application,  and  to  be  so  written  as  to  only  cover  the  building  described  by 
the  applicant,  and  also  assnred^s  warranty  as  to  value. 

Sxc.  8.  The  Three-Fourths  Value  Clause  be  required  In  all  policies  covering 
personal  property,  except  on  such  as  are  subject  to  the  Full  Co-insurance  or  Average 
CJaose.  That  the  Iron  Safe  Clause  be  required  in  all  policies  covering  mercantile 
stocks. 

MisgonrI,  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  of.  [See  Associa- 
tion of  Fire  Underwriters  of  Missouri.] 

Missouri  Insurance  Beport  for  1892.  In  the  twenty-third 
annual  report  of  the  superintendent  of  insurance  of  Missouri,  dated 
April  25,  1892,  he  printea  the  following  list  of  companies  admitted  to 
the  state  during  the  last  department  year:  Capital  Fire  of  New 
Hampshire,  German  of  Quincy,  III.,  Millers  National  of  Chicago, 
Queen  of  New  York,  Atlas  of  London,  Prussian  National  of  Stetun, 
New  York  Plate  Glass,  and  Kansas  Mutual  Life  of  Topeka.  In  addi- 
tion to  these,  five  assessment  life  and  one  assessment  casualty  com- , 
pany  were  admitted.    Two  new  domestic  trust  compiam.dsing^l^Le 


212  MiBsotJBi,  Insubakcb  Supebtibion  nr. 

surety  business  were  authorized  to  trausact  the  same.  Thirty  fire 
and  nre  marine  companies,  one  life  company  (the  Imi>6rial  of  Detroit), 
and  four  assessment  companies  ceased  to  do  business  in  the  state. 

Commissioner  Ellerbe,  in  the  preliminary  text  of  the  report,  said  that 
the  margin  for  profit  in  Missouri  for  fire  insurance  companies  doing 
business  therein  in  1881  was  so  small  as  to  discounure  addition^ 
capital  from  entering  the  state.  The  fire  waste  in  the  United  States, 
he  declared,  was  **  beyond  reason."  He  approved  of  the  proposed  law 
to  make  investigation  of  the  causes  of  fires  compulsory.  He  urged 
legislation  in  regard  to  misrepresentation  by  applicants  for  life  insur- 
ance and  the  taxation  of  assessment  companies.  In  reference  to  the 
want  of  uniformity  in  the  nonforfeiture  life  insurance  laws  of  the 
several  states  having  such  laws,  the  commissioner  said: 

In  hifl  last  report  the  saperintendeiit  advised  the  legislalnre  of  the  neoeaaltr  of 
correcting  an  error  on  the  one  hand  and  an  Indefiniteneaa  on  the  other,  codstiog  in  the 
Bcctions  of  law  rclnting  to  the  non-forfeiture  of  life  insarance  policies.  It  la  poaf^ible 
that  a  radical  change  otherwise  may  l)e  made  in  the  law  with  advantage.  No  two 
Rtaten  agree  upon  the  tenuB  of  non-forfeiture  —  none  of  the  laws  agree  with  what 
in  eouna  theory  in  the  minds  of  the  managern  of  companies.  Mr.  Aug.  F.  Harvey,  the 
actuary  of  this  department,  has  proposed  to  a  committee  of  the  Nation^  Convention  of 
Insurance  Commissioners  having  the  subject  in  liand,  a  measure  which  has  already  met 
tiic  ai)proval  of  some  of  the  members  of  the  committee.  It  ia  simply  that  the' state 
shall,  if  it  seems  best,  enact  a  scheme  of  non-forfcitnre  for  the  corporauona  of  its  own 
creation;  and  provide  tiiat  such  Kcbemc  shall  be  inoperative  as  to  life  companies  of  other 
states,  conditioned  only  that  through  thdr  own  state  laws,  or  of  their  own  motion, 
their  contracts  shall  contain  agrooments  of  commutation,  to  take  effect  not  later  than 
four  years  after  issue.  Such  a  brief  enactment  will  secure  policy-holders  against  con- 
fiscation; and  competition  will  give  the  advantage,  in  the  amount  of  new  business, 
to  that  company  which  will  deal  most  equitably  in  the  matter  of  surrender  dlarge. 
The  suggestion  is  of  importance  and  worthy  of  careful  consideration. 

The  receipts  of  the  insurance  department  in  fees,  etc.,  from  com 
panics  during  1891  were  $28,961,  and  the  expenditures  were  $15,778. 

Missouri,  Insurance  Supervision  iu, 1869-1898.  The  act  creating 
the  insurance  department  in  Missouri  was  approved  March  4,  1869. 
The  superintendent  of  insunince  is  appoinlea  by  the  governor  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  The  superintendents,  since  the  organization  of  the 
department,  have  been : 

WyllysKing, March,    18(J&-June,       1878. 

Miles  Sells June,       1878-March,     1873. 

William  Selby March,    1873— October,  1818, 

Francis  P.  Blair,  Jr., October,  1873-July,        1876. 

Celsus  Price, July,        187&-March,     1877. 

Williams  S.  Relfe, March,    1877— March,     1881. 

John  F.  Williams, March,    1881— March,    1885. 

Alfred  Carr March,    1885-March,    1889. 

Christopher  P.  Ellcrbe, March,    1889— March,    1883. 

James  R.  Waddill, •  March,    1893— 

Superintendent  Waddill's  term  will  expire  March  1,  1897.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  deputy  superintendents: 

Charles  E.  King March,    1869— March,    1873. 

D.  1*.  Wallingford, March,    1873— October,  1878. 

Charles  E.  King October,  1873— March,     1877. 

Martin  L.  Hubble March,    1877— March,     1878. 

S.  A.  Gilbert March,    1878— March,    1881. 

Edward  W.  Knott, March,    1881— March,    1889. 

Andrew  Van  Womier, March,    1889— March,    1883. 

O.  K.  Clardy, March,    1893— 

Aug.  F.  Harvey  was  appointed  actuary  March,  1870,  and  resigned 
in  August,  1878.    He  was  re-appointed  undej^^Supermtgiident  Jla&  in 


MONTFBLIBB  BOABB  09  FlBB  UllDBBWBITBBfl.  218 

October,  1873,  and  resigned  in  March,  1875.  Mr.  Harvey  was  re- 
appointed under  Superintendent  Reife,  October,  1879,  and  still  holds 
the  position. 

MofEat,  James  B.,8ecretaiT  and  general  mana^of  the  Manchester 
Fire  assurance  company  of  England,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1846. 
Previous  to  his  appointment  to  the  Manchester,  Mr.  Moffat  served 
successively  in  various  capacities,  the  Scottish  Union  and  National, 
Northern,  and  London  and  Lancashire.  His  acquaintance  with  British 
and  American  fire  underwriting  extends  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  of 
close  application. 

Montana;  Insurance  Saperrision  in,  1888-1898.  Under  the 
territorial  insurance  act  of  March  8,  1888,  the  territorial  auditor  was 
made  the  official  to  whom  insurance  companies  and  agents  should  re* 
port.  When  Montana  was  admitted  to  the  Union,  as  a  state,  in 
November,  1889.  the  state  auditor  succeeded  the  territorial  auditor  as 
insurance  supervisor.    The  auditors  since  1888  have  been: 

J.  p.  Woolman,  Territorial  Andltor,  ....  1888—1888. 

James  SalUvan,          ''              "  ....  1888-1889. 

Bdward  A.  Kenney,  State  Andltor,  ....  1889—1803. 

Andrew  B.  Cook,         *»         »»  ....  1888— 

The  State  auditor  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
The  insurance  clerk,  under  the  present  auditor,  is  Sam.  K.  McDowell. 

Montgomery,  Thomas  H..  president  of  the  American  Fire  insur- 
ance company  of  Philadelphia,  was  born  in  that  city  February  28, 
1880,  the  son  of  the  rector  of  St.  Stephen's  P.  K.  church.  At  the  age 
of  17  years  he  entered  the  drug  house  of  Charles  Ellis  &  Co.,  and  io 
1851  was  graduated  from  the  Philadelphia  college  of  pharmacy. 
After  some  years  in  the  drug  business  he  became  interested  in  the 
organization  of  the  Enterprise  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia,  of 
which  he  was  successively  secretary  and  prcnident.  The  company  was 
destroyed  in  the  Chicago  fire.  In  April.  1872.  Mr.  Montgomery  was 
appointed  general  agent  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters, 
niui  conducted  its  operations  through  that  famous  episode  in  its  career 
ill  wtiich  it  rated  the  fire  insurance  business  of  the  country.  He  re- 
signed May  1,  1878,  and  after  a  short  service  with  the  Insurance 
Company  of  North  America  at  its  home  office,  was  elected  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  American  Fire,  and,  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Maris,  succeeded 
to  the  presidency.  Mr.  Montgomery  is  distinguished  as  an  anti- 
quarian and  author,  and  has  written  a  valuable  history  of  the  venerable 
Insurance  Company  of  North  America. 

Montpelier  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  having  jurisdiction 
throughout  Washington  county,  Vermont,  entire,  and  a  part  of  the 
adjoining  county  of  Orange,  was  organized  April  21,  1888.  It  is  a 
rating  and  supervising  board,  and  is  composed  of  representatives  of  82 
companies,  including  one  locid  stock  company,  the  New  England  of 
Rutland.  The  presidents  since  organization  in  1888  have  been  A.  C. 
Brown.  E.  W.  Bisbee,  and  J.  K.  Edgerton.  The  officers  chosen  at 
the  last  annual  meeting  are:  J.  K.  Edgerton,  president;  W.  E.  Barney, 
vice-president;  James  T.  Sabin  of  Montpelier,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
There  ara  no  compacts  or  stamping  ofoces  within  the  iurisdiction  of 
the  board,  and  it  is  ia  harmonious  relations  with  the  New  England 
Insunmce  Exchange.  ^,y , ... ., .  .^ 


dl4  MoBTOH,  Baolt  a  Mobtoh. 

Moore,  Eugene,  auditor  of  public  accounts  of  Nebraska,  having 
superyision  of  insurance,  was  bom  at  Dahlonega,  la.,  Julj  18,  1854. 
Prior  to  bis  election  in  1893,  be  was  court  reporter  at  Norfolk,  Neb. 

Moore.  Francia  C,  president  of  tbe  Continental  insurance  com* 
pany  of  New  York,  is  a  native  of  the  state  of  Texas,  where  he  was 
bom  in  1842.  His  early  years  were  passed  in  Philadelphia  and  he 
studied  the  profession  of  law  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  but 
did  not  seek  admission  to  the  bar.  In  1868  he  was  superintendent  of 
a  lumber  and  planing  mill  and  in  1868  was  a  wholesale  manufacturer 
of  paper  and  envelopes.  A  few  years  later  Mr.  Moore  became  inter- 
ested in  fire  underwriting  and  joined  the  Continental,  which  appointed 
him  manager  of  agencies  in  1880.  Two  years  later  he  was  elected 
second  vice-president,  and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Hope  in  1886,  succeeded 
him  as  president.  Mr.  Moore  has  written  a  great  deal  upon  fire  under- 
writing and  is  the  author  of  several  text  books  on  the  subject.  The 
"universal  mercantile  schedule"  is  largely  his  work  and  he  is  the 
chairman  of  the  committee  which  has  prepared  it. 

Moore,  George  A.,  president  of  the  Pacific  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company,  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  February  6,  1884.  He  was 
educatea  as  a  physician  and  went  to  California  in  1854,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  various  pursuits.  It  was  not  until  1876  that  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  Pacific  Mutual,  when  he  was  made  managing  director. 
_      In  1880  he  was  elected  president  of  the  company. 

**  Morant,  George  C,  assistant  manager  of  the  Commercial  Union 
at  the  home  office,  is  about  50  years  old.  He  was  for  some  j^ears  con- 
nected with  the  Royal  in  Liverpool,  then  with  the  Northern  insurance 
company's  office  in  London.  In  1878  be  was  appointed  foreign  super- 
intendent of  the  Guardian,  and  in  1885  assistant  mana^r  of  the  fire 
branch  of  the  Commercial  Union.  Mr.  Morant  is  prominent  in  musi- 
cal circles  and  was  the  organizer  of  the  Insurance  Musical  Club  of 
"^iQ^iondnn 

Morris,  John  £.,  assistant  secretary  of  the  Travelers  insurance 
company,  was  born  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  about  1848.  He  was  in  the 
employment  of  the  Charter  Oak  bank  of  Hartford,  with  the  exception 
of  three  months'  absence  with  the  22d  Connecticut  regiment  in  the  war 
from  1860  to  1864.  In  the  latter  vear  he  obtained  a  clerkship  in  the 
Travelers  and  has  remained  continuously  with  the  comi>any  since, 
having  been  appointed  assistant  secretary  in  May,  1874. 

Mortgages,  Insurance  of.  [See  New  York  Mortgage  Insurance 
Company.] 

Morton,  Bagly  &  Morton,  of  New  York.  Circulars  were  re- 
ceived by  agents  in  various  parts  of  the  country  in  the  spring  of  1899, 
signed  by  the  above,  offering  "undercTOund*'  fire  insurance  at  very 
low  rates  in  the  following  companies:  Macon  of  Macon,  Ga.;  Atlanta 
Home  of  Atlanta;  Georgia  Home  of  Columbus,  Ga. ;  Merchants'  Mutual 
of  New  Orleans;  Crescent  of  New  Orleans;  Southern  of  New  Orleans; 
Firemen's  of  New  Orleans;  Peabody  of  Wheeling;  German  of  Wheel- 
ingr;  Palatine  of  ManchesVer;  Quebec  of  Quebec,  Can.;  Imx>erial  of 
Calcutta.  The  state  auditor  of  Indiana  having  black-listed  these  com- 
panies, all  of  them  being  reputable  companies  except  the  last,  investi- 


MULLIKIN,  J.  K. 


216 


gation  proved  that  no  Ann  with  the  aboTe  name  had  actual  exUtendb; 
that  it  was  personated  by  a  Philadelphia  broker  named  Dennison,  who, 
upon  being  exposed,  ran  away.  A  number  of  agents  and  others  who 
had  remitted  premiums  to  this  person  lost  them. 

Hone,  Oilford  B.,  of  Morse  &  Slade,  New  York  managers  for 
the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life.    [See  Death  Roll.] 

Moantain  Field  Clnb  was  organized  at  Denver,  Col.,  June  2, 
1802,  by  general  and  special  agents  and  managers  of  fire  insurance 
companies  doing  business  in  Colorado,  Wyoming,  and  New  Mexico. 
The  dub  is  social  and  advisory  in  its  character,  uie  idea  upon  which 
it  was  founded  being  to  harmonize  the  interests  of  the  companies 
within  the  territorymentioned,  it  having  been  a  sort  of  debatable  ground 
over  which  the  Western  Union  and  Pacific  Insurance  Union  have 
concurrent  jurisdiction. 

At  the  organization  meeting  the  following  officers  were  elected: 
President,  W.  A.  McGrew,  general  agent  of  the  Atlas  of  London; 
vice-president,  P.  A.  Thompson,  secretary  of  the  Denver  Fire  insur- 
ance company;  secretary,  C.  R.  Tuttle,  special  agent  of  the  Conti- 
nental; executive  committee,  W.  A.  McGrew,  A.  0.  Heltzell,  special 
acrent  of  the  London  and  Lancashire;  George  W.  Neil,  special  agent 
of  the  German- American ;  and  C.  B.  Colby  of  the  Niagara  Fire.  At 
the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1898,  Mr.  Thompson  was  elected  presi- 
dent; Mr.  H.  T.  Lamey,  vice-president;  and  Mr.  Colby,  secretary. 
The  number  of  companies  represented  in  the  club  is  52.  They  are  as 
follows: 


ifitna  of  H&rtf ord. 
Alltuice  of  London. 
American  of  Newark. 
American  Fire  of  Philadel- 
phia. 
Atlas  of  London. 
Acricaltaral. 
Baiols  of  Switxerland. 
Britiah  America. 
Commercial  Union. 
ConnectlcatFire. 
Concordia. 
Continental. 

Detroit  Fire  and  Marine. 
Delaware. 
Denver. 

Fireman^B  Fand. 
German-American . 
German  of  Freeport. 

Knllikin,  J.  R.,  secretaiy  of  the  Merchants  insurance  company  of 
Newark,  N.  J.,  was  born  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  November  1,  1838. 
He  graduated  from  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute  in  1861  and  joined 
the  85th  Indiana  volunteers  as  a  captain  and  participated  in  some  of 
the  severest  battles  of  the  war.  He  afterwards  entered  the  regular 
army,  from  which  he  retired  in  1870.  Col.  MuUikin  embarked  in  the 
insurance  business  in  Philadelphia  in  1871,  in  the  office  of  Gen.  Louis 
Wagner.  He  was  subsequent! v  appointed  special  agent  for  the  Narra- 
gansett,  Roger  Williams,  and  Merchants'  insurance  companies  of 
Providence.  In  1875  he  went  into  the  service  of  the  Merchants  of 
Newark,  as  a  special  agent  and  in  April,  1880,  was  elected  to  succeed 
Mr.  Powles  as  secretary.  ^,y  ,.<.. .,  ^  _  ^^^^ 


Hartford  Fire. 
Home  Mutual . 
Helvetia  Swias. 
Hamburg  Bremen. 
Insurance    Co.     of    North 

America. 
Lancashire. 

London  and  Lancashire. 
Liverpool  and  London  and 

Glohe. 
Merchants  of  Newark. 
National  Fire  of  Hartford. 
National  of  Dublin. 
Niagara  Fire. 
New  Zealand. 
Northern  of  London. 
Norwich  Union. 
New  York  Underwriters. 


Oakland  Home. 

Palatine. 

Pheniz  of  Brookljm. 

Phoenix  of  Hartford. 

Providence- Washington. 

Prussian  National. 

Rockf  ord  Fire, 

Royal. 

Springfield  Fire  and  Marine. 

State,  of  Des  Moines. 

St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine. 

Security. 

Spring  Garden. 

Sun  of  London. 

Sun  of  San  Francisco. 

Traders. 

Union  of  Philadelphia. 

Western  of  Toronto. 


316         Mutual  Bbhsvit  Lifb  Amooiatiok  of  Amsbioa. 

"^  Mullliis,  Charles  F.,  manager  for  the  Commercdal  Unioii  of 
London  for  the  Pacific  coast,  was  born  in  London,  and  began  his  busi- 
ness career  in  the  office  of  the  Commercial  Union.  He  was  afterwards 
superintendent  of  agencies  and  assistant  manager  of  the  New  York 
branch.  He  was  transferred  to  the  position  of  resident  secretary  at  the 
Chicago  office  in  1878,  and  in  1884  was  appointed  manager  of  the 
Pacific  coast  branch.  Mr.  Mullins  is  the  oldest  employe  of  the  Com- 
mercial Union,  as  to  length  of  service,  in  the  United  States. 

Mnnkittrick,  Alexander,  Sen.,  late  manager  for  the  Equitable 
Life  Assurance  Society  for  Great  Britain.    [See  Death  Roll.] 

Murray,  John  W.,  vice-president  of  the  German-American  insur- 
ance company  of  New  York,  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  where  he  was 
born  October  81, 1884.  He  was  brought  to  the  city  of  New  York  when 
less  than  two  years  old  and  was  reared  and  educated  there.  His  busi- 
ness life  benn  May  7,  1850,  as  an  errand  boy  in  the  New  York  agency 
office  of  the  Insurance  Company  of  North  America.  Three  years  later, 
when  but  nineteen  years  old,  he  was  chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  the 
Mercantile  insurance  company  of  New  York.  In  March,  1888,  he  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  secretary  of  the  Yonkers  and  New  York 
insurance  company.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  German- 
American  in  1872  and  its  first  secretary.  The  following  year  he  was 
elected  vice-president,  and  he  has  now  held  that  office  twenty  years. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  in  1880. 
Mr.  Murray  is  interested  in  manv  corporate  and  public  enterprises.  He 
is  vice-president  of  the  Title  Guarantee  and  Trust  Company  of  New 
York,  president  of  the  Dime  Savings  Bank  of  Plainfleld,  N.  J.,  a 
church  trustee,  etc.,  and  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of  Education 
and  of  the  Republican  Association  of  Plainfield. 

Mnaarrave  Insarance  Fraud.  B.  R.  Musgrave  was  tried  at  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.,  in  January,  1892,  for  conspiracy  to  defraud  life  insur- 
ance companies  and  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  ten  years'  impris 
onment  at  hard  labor  in  the  Indiana  penitentiary.  Musgrave  obtained 
insurance  on  bis  life  for  $80,000  in  several  companies.  It  was  proved 
that  he  bought  a  skeleton  at  St.  Louis  for  |125.  This  he'placed  in  the 
house  in  which  he  was  living  near  Terre  Haute.  He  set  fire  to  the 
premises  and  then  disappear^  from  the  neighborhood.  The  skeleton 
was  found  in  the  ruins  of  the  burned  building.  Confederates  identi- 
fied it  as  his  and  prepared  proofs  of  death  which  were  presented 
to  the  insurance  companies.  But  Musgave  was  seen  soon  afterwards 
in  Chicago.  Detectives  hunted  him  down,  captured,  and  brought  him 
back  to  Terre  Haute,  where  he  stood  trial  as  related.  An  accomplice, 
named  Charles  M.  Trout,  was  also  convicted. 

Mutual  Benefit  Life  Association  of  America  was  incorporated 
and  began  business  under  the  assessment  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York 
on  January  19,  1888.  Its  principal  office  is  in  the  city  of  New  York. 
Its  growth  was  rapid  and  a  large  business  was  written  until  in  1889.  it 
experienced  difficulties  arising  from  malfeasance  in  office  of  its  presi- 
dent, Edward  H.  Cent,  for  which  he  was  subsequently  removed  from 
office.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent,  William  H. 
Whiton,  who  has  been  able  in  a  great  measure  to  restore  public  confi- 
dence.   J.  Trumbull  Smith  and  James  C.  Peabody  are  vice-presidents; 


Mutual  Lifb  and  Acczdbnt  Undbbwbitbbs.  217 

F.  LeRoy  Satterlee,  M.D.,  medical  director,  and  E.  T.  LoTatt,  counsel. 
The  secretary  is  Fi^deric  H.  Calkins,  who  has  been  connected  with 
the  association  since  its  organization.  The  association  had  $10,647,- 
iOO  iasurance  in  force  on  December  81,  1802.  The  death  losses  paid 
by  the  associHtion  from  the  beginning  of  business  until  December  81, 
1892,  amounted  to  $1,860,167.  It  has  a  reserve  fund  deposited  with 
the  Farmers'  Loan  and  Trust  Company  of  New  York  as  trustees,  of 
$110,185.38.  It  total  assets  December  81,  1892,  were  $148,560.52.  and 
its  total  actual  liabilities  $28,965.48,  leaving  a  balance  of  $114,595. 
Ill  1892  it  paid  $166,288  to  policy  holders,  doing  business  in  the  most 
thriving  localities  in  the  Union. 

Mutaal  Fire  Insurance  Companies  Betlred  In  1892.  [See  Re- 
in.*^ured  and  Failed  Companies.] 

Mutual  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York,  its  risks  having 
been  reinsured  in  December,  1891,  bv  the  Lancashire,  resumed  busi- 
ness in  January,  1892,  with  J.  C.  Hatie,  late  secretary,  as  president, 
(succeeding  P.  B  Armstrong),  and  J.  W.  Durbrow  as  secretary.  It 
was  announced  that  the  company  would  write  large  lines  on  well  pro- 
tected risks  only,  from  the  home  office  mostly. 

Mntnul  Life  and  Accident  Underwriters.  ~  The  seventeenth 
annual  convention  of  Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Underwriters  (assess- 
ment plan)  was  held  lat  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  June  28,  29,  and  80,  and 
July  1,  lb9'3  President  William  Bro.  Smith  occupied  the  chair. 
Fori  V  associations  were  represented  at  the  opening  of  the  convention 
and  there  were  also  present  thirty-nine  medical,  honorary,  and  indi- 
vidual members.  Mayor  Bishop  of  Buffalo  was  introduced  to  the 
convention  and  made  a  brief  address  of  welcome. 

I^eports  from  the  vice-presidents  of  several  states  were  read,  after 
^%hicb  the  report  of  the  executive  committee  was  presented  by  the 
chairman,  George  D.  Eldridge.  The  following  statement  was  made 
of  the  business  of  insurance  associations,  including  fraternal  benefi- 
ciary orders,  on  the  assessment  plan,  in  the  preceding  year: 

Number  of  compaDles  reporting,  either  in  fall  or  in  part,       ....  466 

New  members  admitted  daring  1801, 666,698 

New  Insurance  written  daring  1891 $1,886,078,690 

Number  of  members  at  close  of  1891, 3,967,288 

Insnrance  in  force  at  close  of  1891. $6,986,563,000 

Amoantof  payment  by  members  during  1891, 66,891.768 

Total  income  daring  1891, 76,183.465 

Death  claims  paid  durinff  1891, 49,7^,600 

Expense  of  conducting  tne  business 16,710,610 

AsiNits,  invested  and  otherwise,  close  of  1891, 87,011,108 

Total  losses  paid  since  organization, 398;M6,8S4 

The  report  congratulated  the  association  on  the  prosperity  and 
magnitude  of  the  business  in  which  they  were  engaged.  There  were 
difficulties  still  to  be  met : 

Crude  laws  placed  on  oar  statate  books  through  ignorance,  or  becanse  the  business 
was  misunderstood,  have  to  be  corrected  and  their  consequences  overcome.  These  laws 
have  fostered  the  organization  of  numerous  institutions  for  which  no  real  reason  ex- 
isted. In  some  states  the  number  has  reached  preposteroas  proportions,  and  as  new 
and  more  intelligent  laws  are  adopted  it  is  inevitable  that  many  of  these  companies 
most  pass  out  of  existence,  either  because  there  is  no  work  for  them  to  do,  or  because 
there  are  other  institutions  l>etter  fitted  for  it  This  reduction  in  the  number  of  com- 
panies, which  in  the  present  condition  of  the  business  is  inevitable,  is  sore  to  be  misun- 
stood  by  man^,  and  misrepresented  by  others.    It  will  be  pointed  to  us  as  a  proof  tha( 


218  Mutual  Lav  aud  Aocidbivt  UHDSBWBiTBBfl. 

the  boflineM  is  in  its  decadence,  while  in  troth  it  wHI  be  hat  a  proof  that  it  has  paaeed 
the  days  of  experiment,  and  has  settled  down  to  more  clearly  defined  principles  and 
a  more  vigorous  standard  for  the  secaring  of  socoeas. 

Papers  were  read  during  the  sessionB  of  the  convention  by  Dr. 
Horace  G.  Hill  of  Philadelphia  on  "The  Element  of  Uncertainty  in 
Recent  Risl^s  "  :  Dr.  Gkoi^e  L.  Brown  of  Buffalo  on  "  Heredity  " ; 
George  D.  Eldridge  on  "  What  is  the  Cost  of  Insurance  in  a  Mass  of 
Insured  Lives  Subject  only  to  the  Normal  Action  of  the  Laws  of  Mor- 
tality and  Lapse?*'  Dr.  George  W.  York  of  Buffalo  on  "Alcoholic 
Risks/'  and  L.  G.  Fouse  on  ''Should  an  Association  Insuring  on  the 
Level  Rate  Plan,  Periodically  Ascertain  Whether  its  Accumulations, 
together  with  the  Present  Value  of  Future  Payments,  are  Sufficient 
to  Discharge  Its  Future  Obligations ;  if  so.  How  Often  and  by  What 
Methods? ''(with  tables). 

The  following  topics  were  discussed  during  the  continuance  of  the 
convention:  "Can  any  practicable  method  be  devised  by  which  the 
companies,  members  of  this  convention,  can  investigate  the  rate  of 
mortality  among  rejected  risks?  " ;  "Has  the  exi>erience  of  the  several 
companies  in  their  efforts  for  business  during  the  past  year  been  satis- 
factory as  regards  the  attitude  toward  them  of  competing  compa- 
nies?'*; "Mortality  rate  among  the  different  nationalities,  and  what 
race  or  nation  furnishes  the  largest  proportion  of  losses  " ;  "What  has 
been  the  experience  of  members  of  this  conveiftion  in  the  presentation 
of  fraudulent  claims?  What  means  have  been  or  should  be  adopted 
to  prevent  or  detect  such  claims?  " 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  legislation,  presented  by  Mr.  Mur- 
ray, was  followed  by  a  discussion  of  the  statement  that  the  organiza- 
tion known  as  the  International  Accident  Underwriters' Association 
had  antagonized  this  association,  and  had  endeavored  to  obtain  le^s- 
lation  at  Albany,  through  the  statutory  revision  comniission,  which 
would  serve  to  the  advantage  solely  of  the  accident  insurance  compa 
nies  and  leave  the  life  associations  "  wholly  without  legal  protection 
or  recognition."  This  charge  was  disputed  by  representatives  of  the 
accident  companies  in  the  association,  who  were  also  members  of  the 
International  association,  but  after  a  warm  discussion  the  report  of 
the  committee  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  44  to  12. 

The  committee  on  the  subject  of  "  What  are  the  Distinguishing 
Features  of  the  Old  Line  or  lievel  Premium  and  Assessment  or  Na- 
tural Premium  Systems  of  Life  Insurance?"  reported  through  its 
chairman,  Mr.  0.  E.  Hambleton.  The  differences  were  formulated 
by  the  committee  as  follows: 

"  Old  Line  "  or  Investment  Life  Insurance  is  a  financial  contract  which  may  he 
contingent  upon  the  happening  of  any  event  in  life,  as  indicated  by  their  endowment, 
tontine,  annuity,  term  payment,  and  otber  plans. 

Assessment  or  Natural  Premium  Life  insurance  is  a  contract  contingent  only  open 
the  death  or  physical  disability  of  the  insured. 

Investment  Life  Insurance  is  based  upon  a  fixed  nuudmnm  cost,  to  be  paid  in  ad- 
vance, beyond  which  it  has  no  recourse  upon  its  policy-holders,  which  maTJmnm  cost  ia 
detesinined  from  a  standard  mortality  table. 

Assessment  or  Natural  Premium  Life  Insurance  is  based  upon  actual  cogt,  the  prob- 
ablliW  of  which,  less  the  reserve  and  expense  element,  is  estimated  upon  the  same 
standard  mortality  table,  and  has  recourse  upon  Its  members  to  the  extent  of  its  mortu- 
ary liabilities,  plus  a  fixed  or  limited  expense. 

Investment  life  Insurance  combines  with  insurance  a  system  of  banking  or  invest- 
ment, the  capital  for  which  Is  an  element  of  the  annual  cost,  and  Is  advanced  bv  tbe 
^snred  as  an  investment  to  meet  the  payment  of  his  policy  when  it  be^mes  a  dalm^ 


Mutual  Life  and  Accidbnt  Uhdbrwbitebs.  319 

and  to  earn  a  profit  to  be  used  in  rednciiig  the  ooet  of  his  inearance.  Thia  most  he  kept 
intact  for  the  porpoee  for  which  it  ia  advanced,  and  being  thus  pledged,  beoomee  a  Ifa- 
UUty  of  the  company. 

Aneasment  or  Natoral  Premium  Life  Inanrance  eliminates  the  reeerve  elements, 
contemplating  that  the  current  liabilities  sliall  be  paid  whoHy  or  in  part  by  an  assess- 
ment upon  its  members  and  from  accretions  from  lapses  or  other  sources,  and  substi- 
tute:* for  the  reserve  the  accumulation  of  a  reasonable  emergency  fund,  to  secure  uni- 
formity in  assessments  and  to  protect  the  entire  francbise  whenever  its  safety  ia  threat- 
ened. Not  being  pledged  to  the  individual  members,  it  is  an  asset  of  the  company. 
This  excess  over  actual  cost  in  the  Assessment  or  Natural  Premium  companies  is  for 
safety,  and  being  equitably  contributed,  if  no  emergency  arise,  is  equitably  returned  to 
the  insared,  and  does  not  constitute  an  investment  for  profit. 

Investment  Insurance,  in  its  elements  of  fixed  benefit  liability  on  the  part  of  the 
Company  and  a  premium  liability  on  the  part  of  the  policy-holder,  limited  to  a  pre- 
detennined  sum,  presents  the  factors  for  a  determinable  reserve,  which,  by  the  inherent 
nature  of  the  contract,  and  independent  of  any  legal  enactment,  is  at  all  times  a  lia^ 
bility  of  the  Company  to  the  individual  policy-holder. 

AfiBOflament  or  Natural  Premium  Insurance,  while  retaining  the  fixed  benefit  lia- 
bOity  on  the  part  of  the  Company,  couples  therewith  a  premium  liability  for  mortality 

Kurpoees,  limited,  not  by  a  fixed  or  artificial  sum,  but  only  by  the  actual  mortality  cost 
ivolved  in  the  future  erauting  of  life  insurance,  and  thus  makes  the  two  liabilities, 
that  of  the  Companv  and  the  oolic^-holders  at  all  times  equal,  and  renders  imi>ossible 
the  establishment  of  a  reserve  uability  by  legal  enactment,  because  such  reserve  is  inde- 
terminable by  the  nature  of  the  contract. 

The  committee  expressed  the  hope  that  ibis  convention,  as  the 
highest  exponent  of  natural  premium  life  insurance,  would  give  ex- 
pression to  its  sense  of  the  purpose,  capacity,  and  requirements  of  the 
system.  In  the  discussion  which  followed,  Mr.  C.  0.  Hine  took  ex- 
ception to  the  inclusion  of  the  word  "  annuity''  in  the  definition  of  an 
"old  line"  life  insurance  contract.  An  annuity  is  the  very  opposite 
of  life  insurance.  He  thought  that  in  speaking  of  an  annuity  as  life 
insurance  the  association  would  be  laying  itself  open  to  the  imputation 
of  an  unfair  definition.  The  report  was,  however,  adopted  without 
dissent. 

The  proposition  of  the  executive  committee,  advising  the  publica- 
tion of  a  series  of  articles  in  the  public  press,  setting  forth  the  princi- 
ples of  assessment  insurance,  was  discussed  favorably  by  the  conven- 
tion, and,  on  motion  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Acker,  the  executive  committee  was 
instructed  to  prepare,  or  cause  to  be  prepared,  such  articles  and  have 
them  inserted  in  such  publications  as  it  shall  deem  best. 

Mr.  B.  F.  Reinmund  introduced  resolutions  calling  attention  to 
the  action  of  Newton  Briggs  of  Madison,  Wis.,  a  member  of  the  asso- 
ciation, who  had  endeavored  to  secure  the  exclusion  of  the  Covenant 
Mutual  Benefit  Association  of  Galesburg,  111.,  and  Northwestern  Mu- 
tual Life  Association  of  Minneapolis,  from  Wisconsin,  by  arguing 
before  the  insurance  commissioner  and  attorney-general  of  that  state 
that  they  were  "old  line"  companies,  and  therefore  inadmissible  under 
the  assessment  companies'  act,  and  extending  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  this  organization  to  the  two  companies  as  genuine  assessment  com- 
panies and  expelling  said  Briggs  from  membership.  Mr.  Briggs 
appeared  before  the  convention  and  defended  himself,  but  the  resolu- 
tions were  adopted. 

The  following  oflScers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  :  Presi- 
dent, A.  W.  Berggren  of  Galesburg,  111.;  first  vice-president,  B.  P. 
Dyer  of  Boston;  second  vice-president.  Dr.  D.  W.  Edwards  of  Min- 
neapolis; secretary,  Nelson  O.  Tiffany  of  Buffalo;  treasurer,  John  J. 
Acker  of  Albany;  executive  committee,  George  D.  Eldridge  of  Was|i- 


890       Mutual  Lifb  Iksubakce  Company  of  New  Yobk. 

ini^toD,  chairman;  £.  B.  Harper  of  New  York;  Gtoorge  A.  Litchfield 
of  Boston;  Daniel  J.  Avery  and  H.  W.  K.  Cutter  of  Chicago;  and  H. 
N.  Kingsbury  of  Westfield.  Mass. 

The  officers  of  the  medical  section  elected  were:  Dr.  £.  D.  Wing 
of  Galesburg,  III.,  presideDt;  Dr.  J.  F.  Force  of  Minneapolis,  vice- 
president;  and  Dr.  Pliny  W.  Barber  of  New  York  citjr,  secretary. 

The  accident  section  held  a  meeting,  June  28th,  with  Chairman  H. 
W.  K.  Cutter,  presiding.  Papers  were  read  by  Mr.  Trubey  of  Min- 
neapolis, on  ''Co-operation  in  the  Adjustment  of  Indemnity  Claims," 
and  Dr.  Oviatt  of  0»hkosb,  on  '*  Modem  Surgery  in  its  Relation  to 
Accident  Assurance."  The  association  named  Chicago  as  the  place  of 
the  next  annual  meeting,  to  be  held  in  June,  1893,  the  date  to  be  fixed 
by  the  executive  committee. 

The  present  officers  of  the  Mutual  Life  and  Accident  Underwriters, 
elected  at  the  annual  meeting  at  Chicago,  in  June,  1893,  are:  Presi- 
dent, Colin  McDougall  of  St.  Thomas,  Ont. ;  first  vice-president  and 
chairman  of  the  accident  section,  B.  F.  Dyer  of  Boston;  second  vice- 
president,  D.  W.  Edwards  of  Minneapolis;  secretary,  J.  N.  Russell  of 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. ;  treasurer,  John  J.  Acker  of  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  execu- 
tive committee,  George  D.  Eldridge,  chairman ;  Edward  B.  Harper, 
Geoi^  A.  Litchfield,  D.  J.  Avery.  H.  W.  K.  Cutter,  W.  Bro.  Smith, 
W.  F.  Barnard,  secretary. 

Mutual  Life  insurance  compan}r  of  New  York  celebrated  its  jubi- 
lee on  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  its  incorporation,  in  1892. 

The  annual  election  of  the  company  was  held  June  6,  1892,  and  the 
following  trustees  of  the  class  of  1892-96  were  elected:  Oliver  Uarri- 
man,  Dudley  Olcott,  Col.  S.  V.  R.  Cruger,  Col.  George  Bliss,  Charles 
R.  Anderson,  Rufus  W.  Peckham,  John  W.  Auchincloss,  General 
James  W.  Husted,  David  C.  Robinson,  H.  Walter  Webb,  and  Qrls- 
WQ^d  Haven.  Mr.  Webb  and  Mr.  Haven  were  new  members. 
^^In  response  to  a  call  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  for 
stmcriptions  to  a  fund  to  meet  the  exigencies  that  might  arise  in  pro- 
tecting the  public  health  against  cholera,  the  company  on  September 
14,  1892,  subscribed  $20,000,  this  being  in  addition  to  $20,000  pre- 
viously subscribed  to  a  city  f  und^if  in  the  judgment  of  the  municipal 
authorities  it  should  be  needed.  ^ 

The  Mutual  Life  insurance  com  pan  v  was  incorporated  by  a  special 
act  of  the  New  York  legislature  passed  April  12,  1842,  and  began  bus- 
iness in  February,  1843.  Section  8  of  the  act  of  incorporation  made 
all  persons  insured  with  it  members  of  the  corporation.  It  provided 
for  thirty-six  trustees,  who  were  to  be  citizens  of  New  York,  to  be 
elected  in  classes  of  nine  each  year,  their  term  being  for  four  years. 
The  trustees  were  to  elect  officers.  At  every  period  of  five  years  after 
the  organization  the  officers  were  to  cause  a  balance  to  be  struck  of  the 
affairs  of  the  company,  and  to  credit  each  member  with  an  equitable 
share  of  the  profits  of  the  company.  Such  piofits  were,  however,  only 
to  be  paid  at  the  death  of  the  insured.  The  shares  of  members  who 
failed  to  pay  their  premiums  went  to  the  benefit  of  the  company. 
These  quinquennial  balance  sheets  were  open  to  the  inspection  of  any 
member  during  the  usual  hours  of  business  for  the  term  of  thirty  days. 
A.  special  t^ct  m  1862  gave  the  company  authority  to  apply  dividends 


Mutual  Life  Inscran^^b  Compant  of  New  Yobx.        421 

eitber  to  the  purchase  of  additional  insurance  or  to  the  redaction  of 
premiums. 

Prominent  among  the  organizers  and  one  of  the  first  trustees,  was 
Alfred  Pell,  who  probably  understood  more  of  the  business  than  any 
of  his  associates.  He  resigned  in  185*3  to  accept  the  jmanagement  of 
the  Liverpool  and  London  insurance  company  for  the  United  States. 
Morris  Rol)inson  was  elected  the  first  president  of  the  company  and  re- 
mained at  its  head  until  his  death  in  May,  1849.  Joseph  B.  Collins 
was  elected  as  his  successor,  but  his  administration  was  not  a  brilliant 
one,  and  in  1853  Frederick  S.  Winston  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  and 
remained  at  the  head  of  the  company  until  his  death  in  March,  1885, 
a  continuous  service  rarely  equaled  in  duration  or  in  results.  His 
successor,  Mr.  McCurdy,  had  had  nineteen  years'  service  as  vice- 
president,  when  he  was  called  to  the  chair  vacated  by  Mr.  Winston. 
In  nearly  fifty  years  the  company  has  had  but  four  presidents.  The 
following  compose  the  present  board  of  trustees:  Samuel  D.  Babcock, 
George  8.  Coe,  Richard  A.  McCurdy,  James  C.  Holden,  Hermann  C. 
Yon  Post,  Alexander  H.  Rice,  Lewis  May,  Oliver  Harriman,  Henry 
W.  Smith,  Robert  Olyphant,  George  F.  Baker,  Dudley  Olcott,  Fred- 
eric Cromwell,  Julien  T.  Davies,  Robert  Sewell,  8.  van  Rensselaer 
Cruger,  Charles  R.  Henderson,  Qeorge  Bliss,  Rufus  W.  Peckham,  J. 
Hoban  Herrick,  William  P.  Dixon,  Robert  A.  Granniss,  Henry  H. 
Rogers,  John  W.  Auchincloss,  Theodore  Morford,  William  Babcock, 
Stuyvesaut  Fish,  Augustus  D.  Juillard,  Charles  E.  Miller,  James  W. 
Husted,  Walter  R.  Gillette,  James  £.  Granniss,  David  C.  Robinson,  H. 
Walter  Webb,  and  George  G.  Haven. 

Officers— Richard  A.  McCurdy,  president;  Robert  A.  Granniss, 
vice-president;  Walter  R.  Gillette,  general  manaser;  Issac  F.  Lloyd, 
2d  vice-president;  William  J.  Easton,  secretary;  Frederick  Schroeder. 
assistant  secretary;  Henry  E.  Duncan,  corresponding  secretary ;  Archi- 
bald N.  Waterhouse,  auditor;  Emory  McClintock,  LL.D.,  F.LA., 
actuary;  John  Tatlock,  Jr..  assistant  actuary;  Charles  B.  Perry, 
second  assistant  actuary;  Frederic  Cromwell,  treasurer;  John  A. 
Fonda,  assistant  treasurer;  William  P.  Sands,  cashier;  Edward  P. 
Holden,  assistant  cashier;  William  G.  Dayies,  general  solicitor;  Wil- 
liam W.  Richards,  comptroller;  Gustavus  S.  Winston,  M.D.,  E.  J. 
Marsh,  M.D.,  Granville  M.  White,  M.D.,  medical  directors. 

General  Agents  — The  present  list  of  general  agents  is: 

0.  F.  Bresee,  general  agent  for  Maryland,  Diatiict  of  Colambia,  Virginia,  and 
North  Carolina.    Address  O.  F.  Breeee  &  Sons,  Baltimore,  Md. 

John  W.  Nichols,  general  agent  for  Connecticut ;  New  Hayen,  Conn. 

Derick  L.  Boardman,  general  agent  for  Northern  New  York.  Address  D.  L.  Board- 
man  &  Son,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

A.  B.  Forbes,  general  agent  for  the  Pacific  Coast.  Address  A.  B.  Forbes  &  Son, 
Han  Francisco,  Cal. 

Charles  H.  Raymond,  general  agent  for  New  York  City,  Long  Island,  and  Staten 
Inland ;  Mutual  Life  Bnilding,  69  Cedar  street.  New  York. 

George  B.  Raymond,  general  agent  for  New  Jersey ;  745  and  747  Broad  street,  New- 
ark, N.  J. 

Lewis  C.  Lawton,  general  agent  for  Ohio.  Address  L.  C.  Lawton  A  Son,  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

W.  F.  Allen,  general  agent  for  Utah,  Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and 
Wyoming:  Omaha, Neb. 


Minn. 


Charles  F.  Ulrlch,  general  agent  for  Soathem  New  York ;  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

W.  F.  Peet,  general  agent  for  Minnesota.    Address  E.  W.  Pect  A  Son,  St.  Paul, 

John  L.  Steams,  general  agent  for  Colorado ;  Denver,  Col.  Digitized  by  GoOqIc 


^d       Mutual  Life  IhsuraHcb  OouPamt  op  Kbw  ¥oiuL 

T.  Chlnholm  Livf ogston,  general  agent  for  Xaaitoba  and  Nortiiweet  Canada ;  Wfai- 
nlpeff.  Man. 

Cnarles  H.  Ferguson,  general  agent  for  IlllnoiB ;  Chicago,  III. 

Farette  Brown,  general  agent  for  Province  of  Qoebec  and  Eastern  Ontario ;  Mon- 
treal, Canada. 

Henry  K.  Menitt,  general  agent  for  Western  Ontario ;  Toronto,  Canada. 

T.  H.  Bowlea,  general  agent  for  Wlaconstn  and  Northern  Michigan ;  MUwaokee, 
Wit. 

W.  H.  Lamhert,  general  agent  for  Pennaylrania  and  Delaware  ;  Mntoal  life  BnSld- 
ing,  Philaddphia,  Pa. 

James  w.  Fltspatrick,  general  agent  for  Maine;  Portland,  Me. 

C.  A.  Hopkins,  genenu  agent  for  Bastem  MaaBachaaettB ;  Mntoal  Life  Building, 
Boston,  Masa. 

Frederick  H.  Jackson,  general  agent  for  Rhode  Island  ;  Providence,  R.  I. 

Georce  H.  Satton,  general  agent  for  Western  Massachosetts ;  Springfield,  Mass. 

J.  8.  Wilcox,  general  agent  for  Alabama ;  Montgomery,  Ala. 

O.  B.  Johnson,  general  agent  for  Florida ;  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

F.  H.  Hyatt,  general  agent  for  South  Carolina ;  Colombia,  S.  C. 

R.  H.  Cneney,  general  agent  for  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont  Addreas  Cheney, 
Shartlefl  A  Cheney,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

£.  F.  Berkeley,  Jr.,  general  agent  for  Kentucky :  Louisville,  Ky. 

Biscoe  Hindman,  general  agent  for  Tetmessee :  Nashville,  Tenn. 

CUudo  Buckley,  general  agent  for  West  Virginia ;  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

R.  F.  Sheddon,  general  agent  for  Georsla ;  Atlanta,  Qa. 

J.  A.  Johnson,  genera]  agent  for  Marinme  Provinces  of  Canada ;  Halifax,  N.  S. 

J.  B.  Baker,  general  agent  for  Missouri,  Arkansas,  and  Indian  Territory.  Address 
Baker  Bros.,  SL  Louis,  Mo. 

D.  A.  Dyer,  general  agent  for  Northern  Texas.    Address  Dyer  Broa.,  Dallaa,  Texas. 
Edwin  Chamberlin,  general  agent  for  Southern  T^as ;  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
John  E.  Lord,  general  agent  for  Kansas ;  Topcka,  Kansas. 

C.  B.  Newlin,  general  agent  for  Central  Indiwia :  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Thomas  Merrio.  general  agent  for  Northern  Indiana ;  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
Alexander  Hntcomson,  general  agent  for  Southern  Indiana ;  EvansviUe,  Ind. 

W.  A.  Hamilton,  general  agent  for  Western  Indiana.  Address  Riddle,  Hamilton,  A 
Co.,  Terre  Haute,  IndV 

Schuyler  Grant,  general  agent  for  Southern  Michigan ;  Detroit,  Mich. 

F.  A.  Babcock,  general  agent  for  Western  New  York ;  Buffalo,  N.  T. 

Robert  J.  Flaming,  general  agent  for  Iowa.  Address  Fleming  Bros.,  Des  Moines, 
Iowa. 

S.  H.  Newman,  general  agent  for  Southwestern  Texas  and  New  Mexico;  El  Pnao. 
Texas. 

F.  D.  Post,  general  agent  for  Louisiana  and  Mississippi.  Address  Poet  A  Bowlea, 
New  Orleans,  La. 

T.  Howard  Lewis,  general  agent  for  Delaware  and  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland  and 
Virginia ;  Wilmington,  Del. 

Chas.  E.  Bayliis,  general  agent  for  Central  New  York ;  Rocheeter,  N.  Y. 

Charles  Sommer,  director-general  for  the  Republic  of  Mexico ;  942  Apartado,  CHty 
of  Mexico. 

Bembard  J.  F.  Voss,  director  for  North  Germany ;  Neuerwall  86,  Hambure. 

Carl  Freiherr  Von  Gablenz,  director  for  Central  and  South  Germany ;  Slarkgra- 
fen  Strssee  C8.  Berlin,  W. 

Z.  C.  Rennie,  general  manager  for  Australia ;  181  Pitt  street,  Sydney,  N.  S.  W. 

D.  C.  Haldeman,  general  manager  for  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  17-18  ComhIU, 
London,  E.  C. 

Paul  L.  Baudry,  director-general  for  France ;  Boulevard  Montmartre  90,  Paris. 

Bmll  W.  Machler,  generaimanager  for  Belgium  ;  67  Rue  de  la  Rfigence,  Brusada. 

Oscar  Von  Beck,  general  manager  for  Norway,  Denmark,  and  Finland ;  Niela 
Jnelsgade  6,  Copenhagen. 

ckv.  Giuseppe  Garabaldi  Coltelletti,  director-general  for  Italy ;  96  Plasaa  Fbntane 
Maroee,Genoa. 

A.  Von  BtUnger,  general  manager  for  Austria  :Lobkowits  Plata  1,  Vienna. 

Gnstav  Stem,  general  manager  for  Hungary ;  B^i  Utzca  Q,  Budapest. 

A.  McCorkindale,  general  manager  for  Cape  Colony,  Orange  Free  State,  Natal,  and 
the  South  African  Republic ;  86  Adderley  street,  Cape  Town. 

Theodore  Luns,  general  manager  for  Holland  :  ueeiengracht  086,  AmsterdaoL. 

E.  Wheatlev  Jones,  general  agent ;  P.  O.  box  1,  Hamilton,  Bermuda. 

Arturo  Baldasano  Y.  Topete,  director-general  for  Spain;  AlcalA  88  Principal, 
Madrid. 

Hana  de  Greill,  director  for  Rhenish  Prussia ;  Cologne.  ^  t 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


MUTT7AL  LiFS  InSURAHCB  OoMPAJSTt  OF  KeW  YoRK.  ^ 

Christian  A.  S.  BolUider,  general  manager  for  Sweden ;  Bolinderska  Haaet,  Stock- 
holm. 

Vittorio  D^Aste.  inspector-general  for  Sonfhem  Italy :  Kaplee. 

IDias  Schwabacher,  special  agent  for  Barope ;  85  bis,  Roe  Saint  Qnentin,  Paris. 

Bmst  Yon  Btlinger,  general  agent  for  Western  Bohemia ;  Grabeu  17,  Prague. 

The  doM  of  the  first  quinquennium  of  the  business  of  the  Mutual 
Life  was  naturally  an  interesting  period  in  its  history,  as  that  was  the 
time  fixed  by  its  charter  for  a  declaration  and  apportionment  of  profits. 
The  president's  annual  report  said : 

"  We  have  now  reached  the  close  of  the  fifth  year's  business  of  the 
company,  when,  bv  a  proyision  of  the  thirteenth  section  of  the  charter, 
the  first  division  of  profits  is  to  be  declared.  At  this  interesting  epoch 
the  trustees  feel  gratified  in  exhibiting  to  the  members  in  this  their  fifth 
annual  report  a  remarkably  sound  and  prosperous  condition  of  the  af- 
fairs of  the  institution,  and  of  announcing  to  them  a  very  large  accumu- 
lated fund  of  $550,878,  from  which  we  deduct  an  ample  reserved  fund 
of  $195,985  for  the  increased  risks  of  the  advanced  ages  of  the  parties 
insured,  leaving  a  surplus  of  $855,648,  which  gives  a  dividend  of  52 
per  cent,  on  the  amount  of  premiums  paid  on  all  ezistins;  policies  run- 
ning to  maturitv  on  the  81st  of  January,  1848.  A  dividend  of  52  per 
cent,  was  accordingly  declared,  which  has  been  placed  to  the  credit  of 
the  parties  entitled  to  it  on  the  books  of  the  company,  payable  at  death 
together  with  the  sums  insured. 

"  In  the  progress  of  this  institution  the  period  of  its  first  distribution 
of  profits  has  bMn  looked  to  by  the  members  as  of  immense  importance 
as  regards  its  future  prospects  and  welfare.  The  business  of  the  com- 
pany thus  far  has  been  in  the  highest  degree  satisfactory.  Its  first  five 
years'  experience  shows  a  success  unexampled,  and  has  fully  tested  the 
principle  that  the  cash  system  of  purely  mutual  life  insurance  is  prac- 
tically sound  and  eminentlv  beneficial  to  the  parties  insured.  .  .  .  From 
the  data  before  us  we  premct  that  the  company  will  have,  on  the  1st  of 
February,  1858,  an  accumulated  fund  of  over  two  millions  of  dollars, 
and  to  realize  this  we  need  only  the  same  ratio  of  increase  of  the  busi- 
ness of  the  ensuing  five  years  as  that  of  the  past  term  just  terminated, 
and  the  probability  is  strongly  in  favor  of  an  increase  on  that  business 
for  the  next  five  years." 

The  prediction  that  in  1858  the  assets  would  reach  two  millions  was 
verified,  the  report  of  January  81, 1858,  showing  assets  $2,060,649.  An- 
other prediction  made  in  the  sixth  report  has  been  more  than  realized. 
It  was  to  the  effect  that  it  would  not  be  a  matter  of  surprise  to  see  the 
company  at  some  future  time  disbursing  in  one  year  in  death  claims 
three  and  a  half  milUions  of  dollars,  a  figure  which  the  London  Equit- 
able had  then  reached.  In  1890  the  Mutual  Life  paid  in  death  claims 
ei^ht  and  a  half  millions,  besides  one  and  three-quarter  millions  in  en- 
dowments. 

The  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  and  its  experience  has  been  of 
immense  value  to  the  business  of  life  insurance,  and  its  officers  have 
given  the  results  of  that  experience  to  the  world,  unreservedly.  It 
was  a  research  into  the  mortality  records  of  that  company  which  re- 
sulted in  the  publication  in  1859  of  the  American  Experience  table  of 
mortalitv,  made  up  of  that  company's  experience  and  such  other 
authenuc  records  as  could  be  had.  This  table  was  afterwards  adopted 
by  a  great  number  of  states  for  official  valuations  of  policies.    In 


iU  Mutual  ftBaBRYE  Fund  Lnrs  AeaociATtoK. 

1876-7  the  oompany  published  iU  mortalitj  experience  cohering  over 
thirty  years,  both  actuarial  and  medical.  These  two  volumes  are  the 
most  elaborate  publications  of  the  kind  which  have  been  made  in  the 
United  States.  They  were  the  precursors  of  the  many  like  publica- 
tions which  have  since  given  us  an  American  experience  to  which  noth- 
ing can  be  added  from  that  of  the  English  tables,  and  which  leaves 
nothing  to  be  desired.  In  other  lines  of  publication  also,  the  Mutual 
Life  has  been  a  generous  contributor,  either  as  publisher  or  through 
members  of  its  staff,  to  the  literature  of  life  insurance.  Its  annual  re- 
ports are  in  themselves  a  library  of  useful  information  about  the  com- 
pany and  the  "business. 

The  annual  report  for  1892  showed  assets  of  $175,084,166.61.  in- 
vested as  follows: 

BealEsUte $15.«8a.8B4.96 

Bond  and  MortsaKe  LoftDff 60,348.09S.M 

United  States  Bonds  and  other  Securities, as,890.484.«i 

Loans  on  Collateral  Secaritles. 10,894,597^ 

Cash  in  Banks  and  Tmst  Companies  at  Interest, 7,808,619.65 

Interest  accmed,  Premioms  deferred,  etc, tt,07S,474^ 

The  liabilities  are: 

Reserve,  American,  4  per  cent, $150,181,087^ 

Other  Uabilitiea, 7M,866.67 

Surplus, 1&,168,«S.M 

The  receipts  for  1882  were,  for  premiams  and  annuities,  $32,047,- 
765.84;  from  interest,  dividends,  other  debts,  rents,  and  profits,  $8,191,- 
099.90.  The  payments  to  policy-holders  in  death  claims,  endowments, 
annuities,  surrendered  policies,  and  dividends,  were  $19,886,582.46, 
the  expenses  and  taxes  were  $7,419,611.08,  total  disbursements, 
$96,806,148.54. 

Mataal  Reserve  Fund  Life  association  of  New  York  was  incor- 
porated and  began  business  February  9,  1881,  under  chapter  267.  laws 
of  1875.  Edward  B.  Harper,  who  is  still  at  the  head  of  the  associa- 
tion, was  elected  president,  and  William  A.  Butts,  secretary.  Cooper- 
ative, or  assessment  insurance,  was  adopted.  In  1888  the  association 
was  re-incorporated  under  chapter  175,  laws  of  1888,  providing  for  the 
incorporation  and  regulation  of  cooperative  or  assessment  life  and 
casualty  insurance  associations  and  societies.  The  business  has  been 
conducted  under  this  statute  since  the  re-incorporation.  The  founda- 
tion principle  of  the  association  is  the  collection  of  only  such  an 
amount  of  money  from  its  members  as  may  be  required  to  pay  the 
death  claims  in  full  and  the  legitimate  expenses.  Any  excepa  col- 
lected for  the  reserve  or  emergency  fund  is  returned  at  stated  periods 
to  the  certificate-holders.  The  reserve  fund  can  be  used  for  three 
purposes:  1.  In  payment  of  death  claims  in  excess  of  the  maximum 
rate.  2.  Inmakinggoodany  deficiency  in  the  mortuary  account.  8.  For 
the  benefit  of  members  continuing  ten  years,  being  annually  thereafter 
apportioned  and  credited  on  future  payments.  Any  apportioned  surplus 
standing  to  the  credit  of  any  policy  in  force  will  be  paid  to  the  bene- 
ficiary in  addition  to  the  amount  of  the  policy  in  case  of  the  death  of 
the  insured.  The  interest  income  from  the  reserve  fund  now  exceeds 
$125,000  annually,  which,  as  it  is  received,  is  applied  towards  the  pay- 
ment of  current  death  claims,  thereby  reducing  the  cost  of  insurance 
to  the  members.    Calls  for  mortuary  premiums  and  dues  are  made 


Mutual  Abseryb  l^nm>  Life  AssociAtioN. 


^25 


every  two  months,  the  first  in  each  year  being  issued  in  February. 
The  amount  must  be  paid  within  thirty  days  from  the  date  oC  the  call 
under  forfeiture  of  the  certificate  or  policy.  Deposits  in  adrance  on 
account  of  these  premiums  and  dues  may  be  made  annually  or  semi- 
annually. Members  upon  joining  the  association  are  not  liable  for 
any  mortuary  calls  issued  within  three  months  from  the  date  of  certifi- 
cate or  policy.  In  case  the  premium  paid  in  advance  as  deposit  on 
account  in  any  year  should  exceed  the  amount  required  for  the  mor- 
tuary and  reserve  funds,  the  surplus  will  be  credited  on  the  next  year's 
payment,  or,  in  event  of  the  death  of  the  insured,  will  be  retfirned  to 
the  beneficiary. 

The  association  was  formally  admitted  to  the  states  of  Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut  in  1885,  the  date  of  admission  to  the 
former  being  June  29,  and  to  the  latter  July  29.  Admission  to  New 
Jersey  was  acquired  May  17, 1887,  Ohio  in  1886,  and  Missouri  July  14, 
1884.  June  26,  1885,  the  association  was  thoroughly  examined  by  the 
New  York  department,  the  ordeal  being  passed  with  satisfaction  to 
the  department  and  the  association.  Since  the  New  York  examina- 
tion, as  well  as  prior  thereto,  the  Mutual  Reserve  Fund  Life  has  been 
subjected  to  exacting  official  tests  by  other  state  insurance  authorities 
and  meeting  them  in  all  cases.  Its  business  has  been  extended  through- 
out the  country.  Its  operations  since  the  association  was  incorporated 
in  1881  will  appear  from  the  following  figures,  which  have  been  col- 
lated from  the  annual  reports  of  the  New  York  department: 


Year. 

Number  cer- 
tificates in 
force. 

Amoant  of 
Insarance. 

Income. 

Expendi- 
tares. 

Net  or  in- 
yested  assets. 

1881 

I,fi09 

$7,688,090 

$84,660 

$28,627 

S;^ 

1883 

7,908 

86.190,760 

Jfl0f»68 

146,441 

1883 

14,846 

68,808,600 

e'i7.i4o 

688,888 

169,946 

1884 

»,779 

85,468,000 

Mf.,«l 

780.278 

860,7r6 

1885 

81,088 

106,868,600 

l,frl  1.-79 

1.266,588 

689,879 

1886 

87,968 

160,176,270 

l,i^:im 

1,608,079 

989,040 

1887 

4a,0S6 

156,664,100 

0,4'i-;^89 

1.925,969 

1,472,800 

1888 

47,098 

168,908,850 

0,71 1,  sl4 

2,230,261 

1,953,754 

1880 

68,016 

181,868,000 

8,ln-,ri96 

8,649,760 

8,618,680 

1890 

68,616 

197,008,486 

8,r    -49 

8,971,859 

0,980,179 

1881 

64,670 

816,007,910 

8,C.iiij26 

8,049.868 

8.384,487 

1802 

70,840 

286,421,790 

4,('-.r7,-j48 

8,791,087 

8,090,598 

The  death  losses  paid  by  the  association  from  the  commencement 
of  business  until  December  81,  1892,  amounted  to  $14,739,879.  The 
amount  paid  to  the  association  by  deceased  members  during  the  period 
in  question  was  |1, 881, 864.  The  officers  and  directors  of  the  Mutual 
Reserve  Fund  Life  association  are: 

Sdward  B.  Harper,  New  York  dtr,  president. 

O.  D.  Baldwin,  New  York  city,  Tlce-president. 

Hon.  Henry  J.  Reinmnnd,  ex-snperintendent  of  insurance,  state  of  Ohio,  New 
York  city,  second  vice-president. 

J.  D.  Wells,  New  York  city,  third  vice-president. 

F.  A.  Bambam,  New  York  city,  connsel. 

Hon.  John  W.  Vrooman,  New  York  city,  treasurer. 

O.  R.  McChesney,  New  York  city,  comptroller. 

Frederic  T.  Braman,  New  York  city,  secretary. 

James  W.  Bowden,  M.D.,  New  York  city,  medical  director, 

L.  L.  Seaman,  M.D.,  New  York  city,  medical  sapervisor.  r^  t 

n  Digitized  by  CjOOgle 


3^6  National  AsaooiAtioir  oi^  FnuB  SirdnrBxfifl. 

SIChTlea  R.  Biwell,  chaimun  inT^itment  committM. 

'^  Joha  J.  Acker,  Albanr,  N.  T.,  past  grand  master  A.  O.  IT.  W. 

Anthony  N.  Bradj,  Albanir,  N.  T.,  president  Manlclpal  Gas  Co. 
0.i)&mael  W^.  Wrar.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  grand  secretary  A.  L.  H. 

Judge  John  J.  Grorman,  New  York  city,  sheriff  city  and  county  of  New  York. 

George  H.  Wooster,  New  York  city,  retired  merchant 
jKCharfes  W.  Jackson,  New  York  cit/,  retired  banker. 

Col.  J.  T.  Griffin,  London,  Bnglana,  treasurer. 
^E.  R.  Speira,  F.S.8.,  London,  Bngland,  comptroller. 

Robert  Mair,  London,  Bngland,  asency  manager. 

John  Lowles,  London,  England,  city  manager. 

Snrgeon-General  Sir  W.  Guyer  Hunter.  F7a.C.P.,  K.C.M.G.,  ILD.,  65  and  66  Old 
Broad  street.  London.  Bngland,  chief  medical  director  for  Great  Britain. 

Dr.  Stephen  H.  Tyng,  8  Rae  Hal^ry,  Paris,  France,  director-general  Ibr  conti- 
nental Europe. 

A.  N.  Stockdale,  oomptroUer. 

Jules  Rochard,  M.D.,  membre  de  r Academic  de  MMedne,  medical  director- 
general. 

Gapt  Charles  N.  Ahlstrdm,  director-general  for  ScandinaTia. 

Edward  Forssberg,  M.D.,  medical  director  for  Sweden. 

Johs  Nordalil,  Erutiania,  Norway,  general  agent  for  Norway. 

A.  A.  W.  Petersen^openhagen,  Denmark,  seneral  agent  Ibr  Denmaik. 

Ernest  Bester,  M.D.,  Altona,  Hamburg,  Germany,  chief  medical  director  Ibf 
Hamburg. 

Warring  Kennedy,  Toronto,  Ont,  wholesale  dry  goods. 

Hon.  Henry  L.  Lamb,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  late  bank  superintendent  state  of  New  York. 

Herman  A.  Niehoff,  Carlisle,  111.,  clerk  of  district  conrt 

William  Wilson,  Toronto,  Ont.,  mannfkctarer. 

Hon.  Isaac  H.  Shields,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  attorney  at  law. 

D.  B.  Cameron,  Toronto,  Ont.,  aeputy  proTinclai  treasurer  Ontario. 
J.  M.  Jordan,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  merchant. 

Fonlon  De  Vaulx,  Paris,  France,  banker. 
A.  R.  Harrey,  LlTerpooI,  England,  manager. 

E.  D.  Ludwlg,  Erie,  Pa.,  superintendent. 

H.  M.  Hitchcock,  M.D.,  J.  D.  Gorman,  M.D.,  and  T.  B.  Campbell,  New  York 
city,  assistant  medical  directors. 

J.  M.  Stevenson  and  B.  W.  T.  Amsden,  New  York  city,  assistant  secretaries. 

National  Association  of  Fire  Engineers.  At  the  twentieth 
annual  convention  held  at  Louisville,  Kj.,  October  4,  5,  and  6,  1883, 
the  membership  of  the  association  reported  by  the  secretary  was, 
active  235,  state  associations  18,  associate  62,  life  26,  honorary  78, 
total  414,— beiae  an  increase  of  89,  compared  with  1891.  Addresaei 
were  made  by  Mayor  Tyler  of  Louisville,  who  welcomed  the  delegates 
to  Louisville,  and  President  Leshure.  Papers  were  read  as  follows: 
Chief  Osborne  of  Southington,  Conn.,  on  **  Organization  and  Manap^e- 
meat  of  Fire  Departments  in  Small  Cities  and  v  illages."  Chief  Smith 
of  Duluth  on  ''Best  Method  of  Fighting  Fires  in  Coal  Docks," 
ex-Chief  Hendricks  of  New  Haven  on  the  "  Necessity  of  Having  High 
Buildings  Equipped  with  Fire  Apparatus."  John  W.  Stover  on 
'*  Improvements  in  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph,"  Chief  Joyner  of  Atlanta  on 
"Stairways  as  Fire  Escapes,"  Chief  Lemoin  of  Grand  Rapids  on 
"Fuel  Oil  and  its  Proper  Storage,"  Chief  Cluney  of  Jamestown, 
N.  y.,  on  **  Proper  Methods  of  Fighting  Fires  in  Cellars  and  Attica," 
and  ex-Chief  Goetz  on  "The  Ideal  Fire  Department  of  the  Future." 
President  Leshure  in  his  address  approved  of  the  scheme  of  the 
National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  to  establish  a  standard  city, 
having  a  standard  building,  water-works,  and  fire  department.     A 


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Katiokal  Asbociatiok  o^  Life  IJ'ndbbwiutkrs.         22t 

resolution  was  adopted  that  it  was  the  sense  of  the  convention  that  all 
appliances  in  the  way  of  stand  pipes  and  outside  ladders,  with  inside 
connections,  placed  upon  buildings  should  be  erecj^ed  under  the 
supervision  of  the  officers  of  fire  departments  and  have  their  approval. 
Milwaukee  was  selected  for  their  next  annual  meeting.  The  follow- 
ing officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year:  President,  Edward 
Hughes  of  Louisville;  secretary,  H.  A.  Hills  of  Hartwell,  O.;  treas- 
urer, D.  C.  Larkin  of  Dayton,  O.;  Messrs.  Hills  and  Larkin  being 
re-elections. 

NationBl  Assoeiation  of  Life  Underwriters  was  the  outgrowth  of 
a  conference  of  representatives  of  the  Boston,  New  York,  and  Phila- 
delphia associations,  held  at  Boston  April  8,  1^1.  It  was  decided  to 
call  a  convention  of  all  the  associations  in  the  United  States  to  be  held 
at  Boston  June  18.  This  meeting  was  held  and  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Life  Underwriters  was  organized.  Fourteen  local  associations 
were  represented.  George  N.  Carpenter  of  Boston  was  the  first  presi- 
dent. [For  report  of  ue  proceedings  of  the  first  convention  see 
the  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1890.] 

The  second  annual  convention  was  held  at  Detroit  beginning  June 
17,  1891.  Twenty-three  associations  were  represented.  Charles  H. 
Raymond  of  New  York  was  elected  president.  [For  report  of  the 
second  convention  see  Cyclopedia  for  1891.] 

The  third  annual  convention  was  held  in  the  city  of  New  York 
September  21,  22,  and  28,  1892,  at  the  Carnegie  Music  Hall.  Thirty 
local  associations  were  represented,  the  rolls  bearing  the  names  of  147 
dele^tes  and  85  alternates.  A  majority  of  these  were  present. 
President  Raymond  opened  the  proceedings  of  the  first  day  ana  prayer 
was  offered  by  Maj.  William  H.  Lambert  of  Philadelphia.  The  dele- 
gates were  welcomed  by  President  Blodgett  of  the  New  York  associa- 
tion, who  outlined  the  festivities  which  had  been  provided  for  their 
entertainment. 

After  the  roll  of  delegates  had  been  called  by  Secretary  Plummer, 
the  president  read  his  address.  In  the  course  of  his  remarks  he  said 
that  there  was  one  topic  which,  however  carefully  approached  or 
delicately  avoided,  was  everywhere  in  men's  minds.    Of  this  he  said : 


A  llssare  in  our  wallt  a  leak  in  oar  hall,  is  the  unhappy  and  unsanctioned  practice 
of  rebate.  It  springn  from  illecal  bargains ;  it  caoses  invidioaa  claaaifications ;  it 
resoitfl  in  nnlast  and  weak-livea  insurance  contracts.  We  have  discoseed  these 
'q  all  their  disgraceful  features;  we  have  adopted  long  series  of  resolutiona 
Its  errors  and  injuries ;  we  have  appointed  and  instructea  committees  to  abate 
.  Individually^  we  have  discouraged  it  by  example,  and  collectively  we  have 
it  by  precept.  Legislation  haa  been  invokea  to  threaten  and  surround 
the  terrors  which  menace  misdemeanors,  and  a  conscientious  and  colhibor- 


demerits  in  all  their  disgraceful  features ;  we  have  adopted  long  series  of  resolutions 
deploring  its  errors  and  injuries ;  we  have  appointed  and  instructea  committees  to  abate 
ius  ravages.  Individually,  we  have  discouraged  it  b^  example,  and  collectively  we  have 
denounced  it  ' 
it  with  all  the 

ating  insurance  press  has  eloquently  exposed  its  improprieties  and  graphically  illus- 
trated its  enormities.  But  stUl,  it — rebate — stalks  the  land  like  a  pestilence.  Quaran- 
tined at  certain  points  by  concerted  action  of  courageous  and  exemplary  men.  It  oreaks 
out  at  others  with  apparently  renewed  virulence.  Illogical,  unnecessary,  merciless,  it 
has  destroved  confidence  among  dealers  and  has  debased  the  self-respect  of  those  who 
practiced  it.  It  is  believed  and  hoped  that  this  evil  is  to-day  on  the  wane,  and  doubtless 
under  tlie  increasing  influence  of  the  national  and  local  assoclationB  it  will  be  eventually 
stamped  out,  but  not  before  it  has  done  great  wrong  between  man  and  man  and  lasting 
injury  to  the  insuring  community. 

The  executive  committee  by  its  chairman,  Mr.  Tillinghast  of  Cleve- 
land, reported  the  admission  of  seven  new  associations  to  membership. 
On  the  subject  of  a  memorial  to  be  presented  to  the  companies 


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Us  KaTIOKAL  AflSOOIATIOV  OP  Life  t^NDEBW&tTBAA. 

regarding  the  practice  of  rebating  the  premiams  of  the  assured,  the 
following  was  proposed: 

The  practice  of  rebatfn(?  Is  anlvereally  i^arded  as  pernlcions  and  detrimental  alike 
to  the  companies  and  to  their  reprmentativos.  Carefal  obeervation  has  confirmed  the 
opinion  that  the  honorable  and  intelligent  amenta  everywhere  are  opposed  to  iL  Tlie 
anti-rebate  laws  which  have  been  paiwed  in  many  states,  in  every  instance,  were  enacted 
as  the  result  of  eanief>t  efforts  bv  the  a^nts.  This  l^^lation  did  not  form  tlie  aenti- 
ment  hostile  to  rebating,  but  was  the  rofiult  of  It. 

Where  snch  laws  are  in  force,  self-respecting,  lawabioing  agents  hare  no  alterna- 
tive but  to  obey,  and  it  is  a  hardship  that  such  agents  should  sometimes,  no  matter  tkov 
infrequently,  be  brought  in  competition  with  Tees  scrupulous  men  who  secretly  evade 
the  law.  Where  no  such  laws  exist  many  agents  who  greatly  deplore  the  evil  of  rebating 
are  by  the  severe  strain  of  competition  exposed  to  the  temptation  to  violate  their  ooBTic- 
tions.  With  the  admitted  fact  that  the  possible  revival  of  the  practice  of  rebatins  will 
work  untold  harm  to  the  great  business  of  life  insurance,  ana  as  the  great  body  of 
faithful  representatives  of  the  business  are  united  in  their  efforts  to  exterminate  the 
practice,  and  as  it  only  remains  for  the  companies  to  add  to  their  cordial  sympathy  in 
the  movement,  definite  co-operation; 

Therefore,  be  it  resolved  by  the  National  Association  of  Life  Underwriters  that  tbe 
companies  —  who  need  no  assurance  of  the  loyal  devotion  of  their  agents — are  earnestly 
requested  to  promptly  adopt  snch  measures  as  will  exclude  from  the  business  all  agents 
who  may  thereafter  persist  in  the  practice  of  rebating. 

The  executive  committee  also  proposed  certain  amendments  to  the 
constitution  of  the  association ;  the  first  providing  that  each  local  asso- 
ciation shall  be  entitled  to  five  delegates  to  the  convention  of  the 
national  association ,  vacancies  to  be  filled  by  substitutes  chosen  by  the 
other  delegates;  the  second  fixing  the  number  of  officers  and  executiTS 
committee  and  their  tenure  of  office.  The  committee  recommended 
for  indefinite  postponement,  consideration  of  a  proposed  bureau  of 
information,  the  adoption  of  an  emblem  and  the  appointment  of 
a  committee  to  correspond  with  educational  institutions  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ascertaining  to  what  extent  they  now  teach  the  principles 
of  life  insurance. 

Accompanying  the  report  of  the  executive  committee  was  a  copy  of 
the  memorial  address  by  tbe  special  committee  to  the  national  con- 
vention of  insurance  commissioners,  calling  the  attention  of  that  body: 
1,  to  the  importance  of  enforcing  the  anti-rebate  laws;  2,  to  the 
fraudulent  endowment  assessment  orders;  8,  to  the  pernicious  practice 
of  company  and  agency  attacks  on  rival  organizations,  by  use  of 
anonymous,  misleading,  and  abusive  literature;  4,  to  the  need  of  tbe 
removal  of  all  state  taxation  of  insurance  or,  if  that  is  impracticable, 
to  a  reduction  of  it  to  a  miuimuuL  The  report  of  the  committee  of 
the  commissioners'  convention  upon  the  memorial  was  also  included. 
That  committee  considered  the  matters  in  the  memorial  of  such 
importance  that  it  recommended  the  appointment  of  a  special  com- 
mittee to  consider  the  same,  to  report  at  the  next  annual  meeting  of 
the  insurance  commissioner's  convention. 

The  treasurer  reported  a  balance  of  |1.895.85  on  hand.  The  con- 
vention then  adjourned  to  participate  in  a  steamboat  excursion  in  the 
harbor. 

At  the  second  day's  session  Col.  George  N.  Carpenter  of  Boston 
read  a  paper  on  **  Local  Associations,  Their  Usefulness  and  Mission." 
He  spoke  of  the  elevation  of  life  insurance  and  of  life  insurance 
workers  with  the  growth  of  the  institution,  and  contrasted  the  old  idea 
that  for  agents  the  business  was  a  make-shift  rather  than  a  legitimate 
vocation  and  the  present  advanced  view  of  its  character  and  mlssios; 


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KaTIOKAL  A88O0IATI0H  OF  LiFS  UNDBBWBITBB8.  220 

men  of  education,  thought,  ability,  and  enterprise  attracted  to  it,  to 
find  incentives  for  their  noblest  efforts  and  use  for  all  their  talents. 
In  these  local  associations  have  centered  their  hopes  of  better  things. 
Their  usefulness  might  be  considered  in  various  aspects: 

First,  in  a  negative  sense ;  the  tendency  has  been  that  members  have  abandoned 
dishonorable  methods  and  practices  in  personal  dealing.  They  have  declared  that  any 
victory  which  comes  at  the  expense  of  personal  honor  is  disastrons  in  the  end  to  the 
cause  of  life  insarance  and  fatal  to  that  Dermanent  success  for  which  we  are  laboring. 
Second,  in  a  positive  way ;  these  associatioDs  have  pledged  the  members  to  those 
principles  which  stand  for  the  fntare  good  of  the  profession,  to  the  elimination  of 
doabtfai  experiments,  and  that  as  far  as  it  lies  in  their  power  there  shall  be  no  stain 
apon  the  reputation  of  life  insarance,  but  rather  its  name  shall  be  a  synonym  for  all 
that  is  trustworthy  and  just  in  business  transactions. 

In  concluding  his  paper.  Col.  Carpenter  advanced  a  suggestion 
which  was  received  with  much  approbation  by  the  association.  He 
said,  in  speaking  of  the  pride  which  life  insurance  men  now  feel  in 
their  profession: 

With  this  pride  inspirins  all  true  men  and  with  a  mutual  trust  in  the  motives  which 
are  actuating  each  other,  a  closer  union  than  ever  before  will  characterize  those  engaged 
in  our  business.  It  is  not  drawing  upon  our  imagination  to  prophesy  that  in  the  near 
future  it  is  among  the  pomibilities  that  there  will  be  called  an  insurance  congress,  com- 
posed of  delegates  from  this  national  association,  the  executive  officers  of  companies, 
the  medical  examiners  and  actuaries'  associations,  insurance  journalists'  association,  and 

representatives  from  the  insurance  commissioners'  association.    Such  an  aseemblv,  com- 
, ^   ^  ,.._.  ..--„_^._  ,. —  ^ .. —  ._  ... .^^ — .__  Qf  t^g  -  - 


posed  of  men  whose  best  thoughts  have  been  given  to  the  consideration  of  the  vast 
interests  involved  in  the  laws,  management,  and  progress  of  life  insurance,  would  be  of 
incalculable  value,  not  on^y  to  Uie  companies,  but  to  the  great  insuring  public. 

Col.  Plympton  of  Boston,  and  Messrs.  Johnson  of  Connecticut, 
Childs  of  Vermont,  Wolf  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  A^hbrook  of 
Philadelphia,  and  others  spoke  warmly  of  Col.  Carpenter's  address  and 
the  proposition  for  a  general  congress  of  all  classes  of  professional  men 
and  officisls  interested  in  life  insurance,  and  the  subject  was  unani- 
mously referred  to  the  executive  committee  for  action. 

The  memorial  to  the  companies  from  the  national  association, 
proposed  by  the  executive  committee,  was  then  taken  up  for  considera 
Uon.  Speeches  denouncing  the  rebate  practice  were  made  by  Messrs. 
Regiater  of  Philadelphia,  Janney  of  Chicago,  Murphy  of  Wisconsin, 
Roddy  of  the  Carolioas,  Sutton  of  Kansas  City,  Ashbrook  of  Phila 
delphia,  Bowles  of  Louisiana,  Phelps  of  Vermont,  Lusk  of  Pittsburgh, 
and  Lippincott  of  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  question  being  put  the 
memorial  was  unanimously  adopted. 

Mr.  Tillinghast,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee,  announced 
that  a  petition  to  the  companies  to  accompany  the  memorial  would  be 
prepared  by  the  committee,  which  hoped  that  it  would  receive  the 
signature  of  every  agent  in  the  land. 

The  proposed  amendments  to  the  constitution  were  then  taken  up 
and  considered,  the  only  point  debated  being  whether  an  additional 
number  of  vice-presidents  should  be  added  to  the  official  corps  of  the 
association.  A  motion  to  strike  out  this  recommendation  of  the 
executive  committee  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  five  associations  in  the 
affirmative  to  nineteen  in  the  negative,  and  the  proposed  amendments 
as  a  whole  were  adopted. 

With  the  beginning  of  the  third  day's  proceedings  Mr.  Joseph  Ash- 
brook read  a  paper  on  "  The  Future  of  the  Association.''  ,Some  of  his 
best  thoughts  were  summarized  in  this  earnestly  applauded  paragraph: 


ogle 


880  NaUOVAL  AbBOOIATION  op  LiFB  UlTDSBWBITKBa. 


I  think  I  hATe  shown  that  the  f  otore  of  the  nationAl  uaodAtion  is  f naght  with 
great  possibilities.  Its  greatest  mission  is  to  be  the  organ  or  moathpiooe  of  a  jMwerfnl 
public  sentiment.  No  man  can  make  a  public  sentiment  for  himself.  The  best 
thoughts  and  convictions  and  aspirations  of  many  men  must  be  fused  into  one,  and  this 
becoming  recognized  as  an  aotfaoritative  standard,  the  individual  is  influenced  and 
strengthened  by  it  Before  the  local  associations  were  established  there  existed  few 
opportunities  for  agents  to  know  each  other,  and  to  become  acquainted  with  the  best 
governing  purposes  pf  each  other.  Isolation  produced  the  natural  result  of  suspicion, 
and  the  prejudiced  and  distorted  estimate  of  motives.  And  worse  than  tliAt,  there  was 
lacking  the  moral  support  which  comes  from  a  wholesome.  Intelligent  public  sentiment. 
The  marvelous  change  and  improvement  which  instantly  resulted  from  establishing 
fraternal  and  social  relations  among  agents,  I  have  attempted  to  describe.  It  is  needleas 
the    ■       ■ 


to  Indicate  the  possibilities  for  the  elevation  and  ennoblement  of  the  profession  of 
soliciting,  if  every  agent  shall  be  constantly  under  the  influence  of  the  most  advanced 
thought  and  the  purest  and  most  unselfish  purposes,  not  onlv  of  every  member  of  his 
local  association,  but  also  of  every  member  of  the  great  body  of  agents  throughout  the 
country. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  that  the  executive  committee  appcAat 
a  committee  of  three  of  its  members  to  further  the  organization 
of  local  associations. 

The  committee  on  nominations  of  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  re- 
ported the  following  ticket,  which  was  unanimously  elected: 

President,  C.  B.  TUlinghast  of  Cleveland ;  vice-presidents,  I.  Layton  Resister  of 
Philadelphia :  B.  T.  Stahl  of  Minnesota ;  secretary,  S.  H.  Plomjner  of  Philadelphia ; 
treasurer,  William  RatclUT  of  New  York. 

Executive  committee :  L.  D.  Drewrv  of  Tennessee  and  Alabama ;  Georve  F. 
Hadley  of  New  Jersey ;  T.  H.  Bowles  of  Louisiana  ;  I.  8.  Borley  of  Vermont ;  u.  H. 
Kinney  of  Wisconsin.  For  the  unexpired  term  of  C.  E.  l^linghast,  C.  W.  Pickeil  of 
Michigan. 

For  the  vice-presidents  established  by  the  amendment  to  the  constitution  from 
associations  whlcn  have  no  other  representation  upon  the  board  of  ofllcers :  H.  B. 
Meigs,  Baltimore  ;  L.  W.  Moody.  Connecticut ;  D.  W.  Shldeler,  Indiana  ;  S.  B.  Perker, 
Kentucky  ;  M.  L.  Bonham,  Carolinas  ;  C.  J.  Oore,  Kansas  :  M.  L.  Roder,  Nebraeka ; 
W.  H.  Haskell,  Eastern  New  York ;  W.  O.  Staniland,  Western  New  York ;  C.  K. 
Staniels,  New  Hampshire ;  J.  R.  Voshell,  Providence ;  A.  B.  Denton,  St  Lonls;  J.  B. 
Day,  Texas. 

The  new  president,  Mr.  Tillinghast,  on  taking  the  chair  delivered 
a  speech  of  thanks  and  was  followed  by  those  of  several  of  the  other 
new  officers. 

Cleveland,  O.,  was  chosen  as  the  place  for  the  next  annual  meeting 
at  a  date  in  September  to  be  fixed  bv  the  executive  committee. 

The  followmg  resolution  was  referred  to  the  executive  committee: 

Jieaolvfd,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  convention  that  the  publication  of  ratios  are 
dccepUve,  misleading,  and  against  the  true  Interest  of  life  insurance* 

A  final  adjournment  of  the  annual  meeting  then  followed. 

The  members  of  the  association  and  other  guests  assembled  in  the 
evening  after  the  third  day's  session  at  Delmonico's  at  a  banquet  given 
by  the  Life  Underwriters  Association  of  New  York. 

President  Blodgett  of  the  New  York  association  presided  and  wel- 
comed the  delegates  in  an  address.     Telegrams  were  read  from  Henry 

B.  Hyde,  John  A.  McCall  (from  Europe),  Col.  Jacob  L.  Greene,  John 

C.  Wyman,  M.  V.  B.  Edgerly,  and  Richard  A.  McCurdy.  Speeches 
were  made  by  Mayor  Grant,  President  Tillinghast  of  the  National 
Association,  Vice-President  Alexander  of  the  Equitable,  Gen.  Stewart 
L.  Woodford.  Simon  Wolf  of  Washington,  John  P.  Collins  of  the 
Prudential,  Vice-President  Perkins  of  the  New  York  Life,  T.  H. 
Bowles  of  Louisiana,  and  Col.  G.  A.  Cantine  of  New  York.  The 
following  remarks  of  Vice  President  Alexander  of  the  Equitable,  in 
t}ie  course  of  his  speech  touching  the  question  of  the  volume  of  |iew 


National  Boabd  of  Fire  Undbrwritebs.  ^31 

business  the  next  year,  was  received  as  an  authoritative  announcement 
that  the  great  companies  would  continue  the  aggressive  policy  of 
recent  years: 

I  had  hoped  that  in  this  year  we  woald  have  commenced  a  career  among  the  life 
Infloranoe  companies  in  which  matters  would  be  a  little  more  quiet  We  might  do  one 
or  two  handled  millions  lees  a  year,  and  get  a  little  enjoyment  out  of  life,  but  mv  very 
good  friend  McCall,  whom  I  respect  and  like,  and  in  whose  absence  nothing  will  ever 
be  said  by  me  that  is  not  intended  to  be  of  a  friendly  character,  has  set  the  pace  high 
this  year,  and  I  feel  some  like  the  little  boy  who  was  being  talked  to  by  his  father  on  the 
BDbject  of  religion,  and  the  other  little  Doys  and  the  family  were  sitting  by  and  the 
father  was  telling  him  that  there  would  be  a  new  heaven  and  a  new  life,  and  this  little 
boT  said  to  his  father,  "Will  there  be  a  new  heaven?"  "Yes,"  the  father  said, 
"  were  will  be  a  new  heaven."  "  And  will  there  be  a  new  life  ? "  "  Yes,"  the  father 
said,  "  there  will  be  a  new  life."  He  paused  a  little,  and  said,  "  Will  there  be  a  new 
bell  ?  "  "  Oh  no,"  his  father  said,  "  there  will  not  be  a  new  hell."  He  turned  around  to 
one  of  his  companions  and  said,  "  Johnny,  same  old  hell." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  new  executive  committee  held  after  the 
adjournment,  Ben.  F.  Calef  was  elected  chairman,  and  E.  H.  Plum- 
mer,  secretaiy.  

The  following  is  a  list  oMocal  associations  belonging  to  the  National 
Association  on  April  1,  1898.  [For  particulars  regarding  each  asso- 
ciation, see  notices  of  them  on  other  pages  under  alphabetical  arrange- 
ment.] 

Baltimore  life  Underwriters  Association. 

Boston  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Chicago  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Cincinnati  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Cleveland  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Connecticut  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Georgia  Association  of  Life  Insurers. 

Indiana  Life  Underwriters  Association.        * 

Kansas  City  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Life  Insurance  Association  of  the  Carolinas. 

Life  Insurance  Association  of  New  Jersey. 

Life  Insurance  Association  of  New  York. 

Life  Insurance  Association  of  Tennessee  and  Alabama. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Ltfe  Underwriters  Association  of  Kansas. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  Kentucky. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  Louisiana. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  Eastern  New  York. 

Life  Underwriters  Association  of  Western  New  York. 

Los  Angeles  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Maine  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Michigan  Life  Insurance  Agents  Association. 

Minnesota  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Nebraska  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

New  Hampshire  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

PhUadelphia  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Pittsburgh  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Providence  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

St  Louis  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Texas  Life  Undorwritere  Association. 

Vermont  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Virginia  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Wisconsin  Life  Underwriters  Association. 

Other  associations  have  been  formed  but  had  not  been  admitted 
to  the  National  Association  at  the  date  above  given. 

NatioBal  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters'  Address  to  President 
HarriBon.  In  March,  1892,  the  National  Board  addressed  a  memorial 
to  President  Harrison  calling  attention  to  the  "great  waste  of  values 


989 


Natiohal  Board  of  Fibb  Undkrwiutbrb. 


by  fire  in  the  United  States,  which  has  now  reached  an  enormoua  aom 
annually,"  and  asking  him,  with  the  view  of  awakening  public  inter- 
est, to  communicate  with  congress  by  special  message  or  otherwise, 
touching  the  matter.  The  suggestions  of  the  board  as  to  the  meas- 
ures to  be  recommended  were : 

1.  That  lnvc«tigfitlons  as  to  the  caoseB  of  all  the  flree  be  required  by  law,  with 
provisions  for  the  proeecution  of  f raadalent  canee. 

2.  Better  baildlng  laws— poor  construction  being  at  present  a  prolific  sonroe  of 
fire,  leading;  to  great  destmctlon  of  both  life  and  property. 

8.  Adequate  regulations  as  to  special  hazards,  such  as  electricity,  oila,  ezploeiTes, 
and  dangerous  compounds. 

4.  Greater  care  on  the  part  of  the  people  regarding  the  flit  danger  In  all  of  its 
bearings. 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  president  took  any  action  in  the  matter, 
further  than  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  memorial. 

National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized  July 
18,  1866,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  [For  a  history  of  the  National 
Board  from  its  organization  and  a  list  of  the  original  members,  see  the 
*•  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1891."] 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  of  the  National  Board  to  the 
present  time  : 


Ybar. 

Pbbsidemts. 

Vice-Prbsidbnts. 

SXCRBTAAm. 

1866 

James  M.  McLean. 

Timothy  C.  AUyn. 
Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

P.  W.  Ballard. 

1867 

James  M.  McLean. 

William  Conner,  Jr. 

1868 

James  M.  McLean. 

Lncins  J.  Hendee. 

William  Connor,  Jr. 

1869 

James  M.  McLean. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

William  Conner,  Jr. 

1870 

Henry  A.  Oakl»y. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

James  M.  Rankin. 

1871 

Henry  A.  Oakley. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

James  M.  Bankln. 

1872 

Henry  A.  Oakley. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

Bcnj.  8.  Walcott 

1878 

Henry  A.  Oakley. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

Samuel  P.  BlaedeD. 

1874 

Henry  A.  Oakley. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee, 

Samnel  P.  Blagden. 

1876 

Henry  A.  Oakley. 

Lucius  J.  Hendee. 

Samuel  P.  Blagdcn. 

1876 

George  L.  Chase. 

Charles  Piatt. 

Ell^h  AlUgerT 

1877 

Alfred  Q.  Baker. 

Benoni  Lockwood. 

Elijah  Alli^^. 

1878 

Alfred  G.  Baker. 

Benoni  Lockwood. 

M.  Bennett,  Jr. 

i»r» 

Alfred  G.  Baker. 

Benoni  Lockwood. 

M.  Bennett,  Jr. 

1880 

M.  Bennett,  Jr. 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

John  W.  Murray. 

1881 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

John  W.  Murray. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

1882 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

John  W.  Murray. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

1888 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

John  W.  Murray. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

1884 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

John  L.  Thomson. 

1885 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

John  L.  Thomson. 

1886 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

John  L.  Thomson. 

1887 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

John  L.  Thomson. 

1888 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

Joim  L.  Thomson. 

1889 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

Robert  a  Beath. 

mid 

Daniel  A.  Heald. 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

Robert  B.  Beath. 

1891 

D.  W.  C.  Skillon. 

T.  H.  Montgomery. 

Robert  B.  Beath. 

1S92 

D.  W.  C.  Skilton. 

T.  H.  MontRomerj'. 

Robert  B.  Beath. 

J.  S.  Parish  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  was  treasurer  from  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  board  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  November,  1889,  when 
Fred.  W.  Arnold,  also  of  Providence,  wm  appointed  bv  the  executive 
committee.  He  has  since  been  re-clcctcd  by  the  board.  Thomas  H. 
Montgomery  was  general  agent  from  1872  to  1878.  The  chairmen  of 
the  executive  committee  during  the  twenty-five  years  were  D.  A. 
Heald,  E.  W.  Crowell,  Rudolph  Garrigue,  Stephen  Crowell,  George 


National  Boasd  of  Fibb  Uin>BBWRiTEB8.  288 

T.  Hope,  B.  Lockwood,  £.  A.  Walton,  and  Peter  Notman  of  New 
York,  J.  N.  Dunham  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  J.  Goodnow  of 
Hartford,  Conn.  Henry  E.  Miller  has  been  the  secretary  of  the 
committee  since  1878.  His  predecessors  were  W.  H.  Post,  A.  J. 
Smith,  C.  B.  Whiting,  and  Frank  W.  Ballard. 

Pboceedingb  of  the  Twbktt-bixth  Annual  Meeting.  The 
annnal  meeting  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  held 
in  New  York  May  12,  1892,  President  Skilton  presiding.  The  presi^ 
dent  said  in  his  aadress  that  1801  stood  out  shaiply  on  tne  face  of  the 
record  of  the  passing  years  for  its  unusually  large  loss  ratio  to  pre- 
mium income,  the  magnitude-  of  the  fire  waste  (probably  in  excess  of 
$140,000,000),  the  great  number  of  mercantile  risks  of  lar^e  area 
burned  and  the  fatality  attending  the  writing  of  the  mercantile  class 
generally.  In  referring  to  the  tabular  matter  connected  with  his  ad- 
dress, the  president  made  the  following  summaries: 

Term  Imnness,  in  1890  and  1891 : 

Written.  Preminm.  Bate. 

lT»r«Hbii8iiiaui  11890* $6,848,788,688  $74,158,631  1.0886 

1  year  B  DonneM fjgg^^ 7,081,894,214  76,886,806  1.0862 

9 «».»« hn.im>«.  J1890* 6,078,549,127  44,623,281  0.8796 

3yea«  Dwlneas. ^  jg^j^ 5,606,672,706  47,696,681  0.8668 

K^—«»Kn.iTi«—  ri890« 2,669,028,461  82,181,258  1.2088 

Dyean  DOBizieflB j  jggj^ 2,868,887,148  88,988,187  1.1864 

*  147  CompanieB.  1 129  Companies. 

Dividends,  The  percentage  of  dividends  paid  in  1891  was  10.16 
against  9.84  in  1890.  It  was  0.46  of  one  per  cent,  below  the  average, 
10.61  for  the  whole  period. 

PrmniumB  and  loises.  American  companies,  fire  business  only. 
The  average  annual  loss  ratio  for  thirty  years  was  57.29,  with  a  ratio 
for  1891  of  60.26.  This  is  the  highest  loss  ratio  since  1871  and  1872, 
when  the  ratio  was  abnormally  large,  owing  to  the  Chicago  and  Bos- 
ton fires.  The  loss  ratio  of  the  foreign  companies  for  1891  was  still 
higher  than  that  of  the  American,  being  68.47. 

MeperuM.  The  ratio  for  American  companies  in  1891  was  87.41; 
for  foreign  companies  84.68. 

Premwm  rate$.  The  rate  of  premium  declined  from  88.76  in  1890 
to  86.80  in  1891,  or  01.96.  Although  it  was  now  at  the  lowest  point 
since  1883  it  was  still  considerably  above  the  low  averages  of  1878 
(76.88)  and  1879  (78.12),  which  followed  the  relegation  of  rates  by  the 
National  Board  to  local  boards  in  1877.  The  losses  to  each  |100  of 
risks  written  advanced  from  .4716  in  1890  to  .5281  in  1891.  The 
amount  written  to  each  one  dollar  of  loss  was  |212.08  in  1890,  whereas 
but  $191.17  was  written  to  each  dollar  loss  in  1891. 

Oommission9.  The  ratio  of  commissions  to  receipts,  all  companies, 
was  19.76  against  18.98  in  1890. 

The  president  in  concluding  these  summaries  said: 

Toa  will  notice  by  the  tablcfi  tbnt  the  ratio  of  premium  to  amonnt  written  has  de- 
clined from  .9M2  in  1886  to  .8094  In  1891.  The  average  for  Miy  thirty-two  vearB  has  been 
.8499.  The  ratio  of  expense  was  S6.60  In  1891 ,  as  against  36.75  for  1890,  tnc  average  for 
thirty-two  y<<are  being  38.88.  The  ratio  of  loss  was  61.28  in  1891  as  against  5S.S8  in  1890, 
and  an  average  of  ISaM  for  thirty-two  veare.  Briefly  stated,  the  preminm  ratio  Is  de- 
creasing, ana  the  expense  and  lose  ratios  are  Increasing,  the  net  result  for  1891  being 
dangeronsly  near  the  "dead  line/'  without  taking  Into  consideration  the  increase  In 
unearned  premium  liability  and  in  amount  of  unsettled  losses. 

11*  — - 


Ogle 


284  National  Board  of  Firb  Undbrwbitkbb. 

The  executiye  committee  through  Mr.  Goodnow,  chairman,  reported 
that  the  ofRce  of  the  board  had  circulated  nearly  10,000  of  the  pam- 
phlet protest  against  valued -policy  laws,  a  thousand  copies  of  the  pro- 
test against  special  deposits,  and  nearly  8,000  of  the  letter  to  President 
Harrison  on  the  fire  waste.  Attention  was  called,  at  some  length,  to 
the  increase  of  cotton  fires  in  the  South. 

The  special  committee  appointed  to  co-operate  with  other  associa- 
tions to  secure  proper  building  ordinances,  reported  through  its  chair- 
man, Mr.  Walton,  that  a  sub-committee  of  these  associations  made  the 
following  recommendations: 


Yoar  enb-commlttee  sngjrests,  aa  a  desirable  subject  of  eoosideradon  by  the  < 
bined  oommittee,  the  preparation  of  a  complete  code  of  baildins  r^^latlone  for  amaJl 
towns  and  Tillages^  based  on  the  general  principles  already  adopted  by  the  committee, 
and  believes  that  sach  a  code  may  meet  with  extensive  adoption. 

In  regard  to  ballding  laws  for  large  cities,  yoor  sub-committee,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  codes  of  socb  laws  are  already  being  prepared  in  several  states,  contents  itself 
with  the  soggesUon  that  the  committee  shonld  make  recommendations  as  follows: 

1.  That  party  walls  should  be  built  with  a  hollow  space  in  the  middle,  tied  across 
in  some  suitable  manner. 

9.  That  scuppers  should  be  required  in  mercantile  bnlldlngs,  to  carry  water  hann- 
leaal  V  away  in  case  of  fire. 

8.  That  staircases  enclosed  in  brick  towers  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  reqalred 
In  place  of  open  fire-escapes. 

Noting  the  immense  fire  losses  of  the  past  year,  your  sub-committee  suggests  the 


propriety  of  the  adoption  bv  the  combined  committee,  and  the  bodies  repres^ted  in  it, 
of  measures  to  urge  upon  toe  president  of  the  United  States  and  his  administnttion  the 
presentation  to  the  public,  by  special  message  to  congress  or  otherwise,  of  the  serkNis- 
nees  of  the  burden  which  our  country  now  sustains  tnrough  the  annual  destruction  of 
propertv  by  fire,  and  the  importance  of  restraining,  by  suitable  legislation,  the  habits 
of  building  which  favor  enco  destruction. 

The  committee  on  legislation  and  taxation,  Mr.  Chase,  chairman, 
reported  a  summary  of  Uie  year's  insurance  legislation.  The  comnait- 
tee  expressed  the  opinion  that  there  was  a  better  prospect  than  ever 
for  one  national  form  of  fire  insurance  policy. 

Reports  were  also  made  by  the  committees  on  fire  departments, 
fire  patrols,  and  water  supply,  statistics  and  lighting,  heating,  and 
patents. 

The  committee  on  incendiarism  and  arson,  Mr.  Van  Allen,  chair- 
man, reported  that  during  the  year  169  rewards  were  offered  amount* 
ing  to  $57,025.  Since  the  fund  was  subscribed  there  had  been  2.764 
offers,  amounting  to  $080,876.  Nine  rewards  had  been  paid  during 
the  year,  securing  eight  convictions.  Since  the  fund  was  established 
158  rewards  had  been  paid,  resulting  in  229  convictions  at  a  total  ex- 
penditure of  $67,184.  The  report  contained  the  draft  of  the  law 
requiring  fire  inquests  to  be  held  by  coroners,  based  on  one  submitted 
by  Mr.  C.  C.  Hine,  and  recommended  to  state  legislatures. 

The  following  officers  and  executive  committee  were  elected: 
President,  D.  W.  C.  Skilton  of  the  Phoenix  of  Hartford;  vice-presi- 
dent, Thomas  H.  Montgomery  of  the  American  Fire  of  Philadelphia; 
secretary,  Robert  B.  Beath  of  the  United  Firemen's  of  Philadelphia; 
treasurer,  Fred.  W.  Arnold  of  the  Equitable  Fire  and  Marine  of 
Providence.  For  members  of  the  executive  committee  in  place  of 
those  whose  terms  expired:  E.  F.  Beddall  of  the  Royal,  James 
Nichols  of  the  National  Fire  of  Hartford,  J.  L.  Cunningham  of  the 
Glens  Falls,  and  Eugene  Harbeck  of  the  Michigan  Fire  and  Marine. 
The  retiring  members  of  the  committee  were  Messrs.  Qoodnow  of  the 


Natiohal  Fbatbbnal  Cokgress. 


285 


JStna,  Whiting  of  the  Orient,  Stone  of  the  Greenwich,  and  Blagden 
of  the  North  British  and  Mercantile. 

[Nora.  Tlie  Mone  offlcen  were  elected  at  the  aimiud  meeting  of  the  National 
Board  in  May,  1898,  and  the  ezecative  committee  was  changed  by  me  eobetitation  of 
W.  B.  Clark,  R.  Dale  Benson,  and  John  W.  Murray  for  George  B.  Sheldon,  David  Adee, 
and  J.  L.  Thomson,  the  retiring  members.] 

The  following  Is  a  list  of  the  companies  constituting  the  National 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  May  1, 1898  : 


JEtDB Hartford. 

Agricalfciiral Watertown. 

AKany. Albany,  N.  Y. 

Alamo San  Antonio. 

Annericaii  Fire New  York. 

American  Fire Philadelphia. 

Boylston Boston. 

Broadway New  York. 

Chiclmiati Ohio. 

Cittzens' New  York. 

Conimeroe Albany. 

Conunercial  Union London. 

Coniiecticnt  Fire Hartford. 

ContiDental New  York. 

Creecent New  Orleans. 

Delaware Philadelphia. 

Detroit  Fire  and  Marine Detroit. 

Bmpire  Ci^  Fire New  York. 

Equitable  Fire  and  Marine. .  .Proyidence. 

BzchaDse  Fire New  York. 

Farragnt  Fire New  York. 

FSreAnodaUon Philadelphia. 

Fire  Ins.  Co.  Connty  Phila .  .Philadelphia. 

Fireman's  Fond San  Francisco. 

First  National  Fire Worcester. 

Franklin  Fire Philadelphia. 

GermanlaFire New  York. 

German-American.'. New  York. 

Greenwich New  York. 

Glens  Falls Glens  Falls. 

Goardian London. 

Hamborg-Bremen  Fire Hamburg. 

Hanover  Fire New  York. 

Hartford  Fire Hartford. 

Home New  York. 

Imperial  Fire. London. 

Indiana. Indianapolis. 

Ins.  Co.  of  North  America  .  .Philadelphia. 
Ins.  Co.  State  Pennsylvania.. Philadelphia. 

Lancashire Manchester. 

lion  Fire London. 

Liverpi  A  London  A  Globe.. Liverpool. 
London  Aseor.  Corporation.. London. 
London  A  Lancasmre  Fire.  .Liverpool. 


Manchester  Fire Manchester. 

Manart'rs'  A  Builders*  Fire.  .New  York. 

Mechanics  and  Traders' New  Orleans. 

Merchants Newark. 

Merchants Providence. 

Michigan  Fire  and  Marine..  .Detroit. 

National  Fire Hartford. 

New  England  Fire Rutland. 

New  York  Bowery  Fire New  York. 

New  Zealand Auckland. 

Niagara  Fire New  York. 

Norai  American Boston. 

North  British  A  Mercantile.  .London. 

Northern London. 

Norwich  Union Norwich. 

Orient Hartford. 

Palatine Manchester. 

Pennsylvania  Fire Philadelphia. 

Pheniz Brooklyn . 

Phoenix Hartford. 

Phoenix London. 

Planters'  Fire  and  Marine. .  .Memphis. 

Prussian  National Stettin. 

Queen New  York. 


KcadhigFire Reading. 

Reliance PhiladelphI 

Royal Liverpool. 


Scottish  Union  and  National. Edinburgh. 
Springfield  Fire  and  Marine. Suringfield. 
Spring  Garden Pailaaelphla. 


Sonthem New  Orleans. 

Sun London. 

Sun  Mutual New  Orleans. 

Transatlantic  Fire Hamburg. 

Union Philadelphia. 

Union London. 

United  Firemen's Philadelphia. 

United  States  Fire New  York. 

Virginia  Fire  and  Marine. . .  .Richmond. 

Virginia  State Richmond. 

Westchester  Fire New  York. 

Western Toronto. 

Williamsburgh  City  Fire . . .  .New  York. 


National  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York  reinsured  its 
business  in  the  Commercial  Union  of  London,  December  13,  1892. 
J.  H.  Kattenstroth.  secretary  of  the  National,  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  local  secretary  of  the  reinsuring  company.  The  National 
was  organized  in  1888,  was  a  safe  and  conservatiye  company,  doing  a 
moderate  business  in  other  states,  and  Henry  Thayer  Drowne  was  for 
many  rears  its  president.  The  retirement  was  due  to  the  unprofitable 
outlook  for  fire  insurance  as  a  business. 

National  Fraternal  Congress.  The  sixth  annual  session  of  rep- 
reientatiTes  of  fraternal  beneficiary  associations  of  the  United  States 
was  held  at  Washington,  D.  C,  November  16, 1892.    Adam  Warnock^. 


National  Iksubakcb  Convsntioh. 


of  the  American  Legion  of  Honor  presided.  The  secretary  presented 
tables  showing  the  membership  ana  transactions  in  the  preceding  year 
of  fifty  fraternal  associations.*  The  total  benefit  membership,  Decem- 
ber 81,  1891,  was  1.238,409.  social  membership,  409,462,  benefits  paid 
on  deaths  during  the  year,  $25,666,544,  totol  benefiU  paid,  $26,007,746, 
total  receipts.  $28,468,782,  total  expenses,  $1,636,076.  [See  Fraternal 
Beneficiary  Societies,  Membership  of.] 

National  Insurance  Convention.  The  twenty-third  annual  con- 
vention of  the  state  ofiicials  having  supervision  of  insurance  was  held 
at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  June  15  and  16,  1892.  The  first  gathering  of  these 
state  officials  was  in  1871,  at  the  instance  of  George  W.  Miller,  then 
superintendent  of  the  New  York  state  insurance  department.  He 
issued  invitations  to  the  officials  of  other  states  and  territories,  and 
they  met  at  New  York  May  24.  1871.  Eighteen  states  were  repre- 
sented. Mr.  Miller  was  chosen  president  and  Col.  Henry  8.  Olcott, 
then  a  New  York  journalist,  was  chosen  secretary.  Mr.  Miller,  on 
taking  the  chair,  stated  that  the  object  proposed  in  calling  these  ofil- 
cials  together  was  to  secure,  if  possible,  uniformity  of  action  in  those 
matters  which  were  discretionary  with  them  in  the  supervision  of  in- 
surance, and  to  promote,  through  their  efforts,  such  legislation  as  was 
desirable  to  improve  and  protect  the  business.  The  title  of  the  organ- 
ization adopted  was,  the  "National  Insurance  Convention." 

The  first  session  lasted  nine  days,  and  there  was  a  second  session 
held  in  October  of  the  same  year.  A  report  of  the  proceedings,  which 
were  long  and  varied,  was  prepared  by  the  secretary,  Mr.  Olcott,  and 
published  in  two  volumes  of  about  800  octavo  pa^es. 

The  following  table  gives  the  names  of  the  officers  of  the  coiiT^d- 
tion  since  its  organization,  and  the  successive  places  of  meeting: 


Place  of 
Meeting. 


Oppicsrs  Elbctbd. 


President 


Vlce-Prosident. 


111871  New  York, 
2|1871  New  York, 
8 1872  New  York, 
4  1873  Boston, 
611874  Detroit, 
-  6, 1875!  New  York, 
71876' Hamsborg, 
81877  St.  Paul, 
9,1878  Providence, 
10 1879  St.  LoniB, 
11 1880iChicago, 
12  1881 1  Detroit, 
18 1882' Niagara  Falls, 
14!  1883  Columbua, 
161884|Chicago, 
161 1886,  Chicago, 
17|1886'st.  Paul, 
18 1887|Niagara  Falls, 
191888|MaS6on,WiH. 
a0;1889,  Denver, 
Sl'lSOOCleveland, 
82il801iSt.  Louis, 
28 1892lSt.  Paul, 


,Geo.  W.  Miller,  N.  Y. 
Iqco.  W.  Miller,  N.  Y. 
L.  Breeze,  Wis. 
lO.W.  Chapman,  N.Y. 
;0.  W.  Chapman,  N.Y. 
,S.  II.  Kow,  Micii. 
S.  H.  Row,  Mich. 
O.  Pillsbury,  N.  H. 
iO.  Pillsbury,  N.  II. 
|A.  R.  McGill,  Minn. 
iJ.  L.  Clarke,  Mass. 
'j.  L.  Clarke,  Mass. 
O.  Pillsbury,  N.  H. 
i.I.A.McCan,Jr.,N.Y. 
,J.A.  McCall,  Jr.,  N.Y. 
,C.  P.  Swigert,  111. 
J.  K.  Tarbox,  Mas?. 
Phil  Cheek,  Jr.,  Wis. 
O.  R.  Fj'ler,  Conn. 
iG.  8.  Merrill,  Mass. 
iC.  P.  Ellcrbe,  Mo. 
I  Geo.  B.  Luper,  Pa. 
iJ.  C.  Lineban,  N.  H. 


1. 


L.  Brecee,  Wis, 
L.  Brcese,  Wis. 
J.  W.  Foard,  Cal. 
iS.  n.  Row,  Mich. 
iS.  H.  Row,  Mich. 
,0.  Pillsbury,  N.  H. 
O.  PillHbur>',  N.  H. 
'a.  R.  McGlll,  Minn. 
|A.  R.  McGill,  Minn. 
I  J.  L.  Clarke,  Mass. 
I  P.  L.  Spooner,  Wis. 
'j.A.  McCall,  Jr.,  N.Y 
C.  P.  Swigert,  111. 
Chas.  H.  Moore,  O. 
Eugene  Pringle,  Mich 
H.J.  Reinmund,  O. 
S.  H.  Cross,  R.  I. 
IQ.  R.  Fyler,  Conn. 
Samuel  E.  Kemp,  O. 
'Samuel  E.  Kemp,  O. 
'Geo.  B.  Luper,  Pa. 
IW.  H.  Kinder,  O. 
C.  H.  Smith,  Minn. 


Secretary. 


H.  S.  Olcott,  N.  T. 

H.  S.  Olcott,  N.  T. 

O.  Pillsbury,  N.  H. 

O.  Pillsbury,  N.  H. 

O.  Hllsbury,  N.  H. 

S.  1       ■       ■       "iiw. 

S.  !■ 

Orrn 

Omi 

OrriK 

Orriii 

Orrii. 

l.V 

Cha. 

Cha 

C.  i 

R.  b. 


T.  w-  .  h.  KaiL 
T  \s.;di,  Sjul 
■f,  Wtkh,  Kmxl 
r.  \\\ich.  Kan. 
T.  \\\-\i±.  Kan. 
limoki^  Ocmn. 

P.   9Vl.l0GXt,  111. 

P   «4wtf?ert,  HI. 

-  ^-  -V    'tTTin. 

iiriuKcruuif,  O. 

J.  A.  McEwen,  O. 
Geo.  B.  Luper,  Pa. 
Geo.  B.  Luper,  Pa. 
C.  B.  Allan,  Neb. 
J.  J.  Brinkerhoff,  SL 
J.  J.  Brinkerhoff,  HI. 


•'  'loes  not  include  all  organizaUons  of  this  claas.^' "" 


Natxqhal  Insusakgb  GoKYXNTioir.  387 

Actuary  Aug.  F.  Harrey  of  Missouri  is  the  only  official  still  in 
office  who  was  present  at  the  first  session  of  the  convention. 

At  the  twenty-third  annual  session  at  St.  Paul.  President  Luper 
was  in  the  chair,  and  the  following  representatives  of  insurance  de- 
partments were  present: 

Colomdo,  J.  M.  HendertoD,  soperiDtendent ;  Connectlont,  O.  R.  Fyl«r,  commie- 
skmer ;  lUlnois,  J.  J.  Brinkerhoff,  depnty  aoditor ;  Iowa,  J.  A.  ]>oii,  andltor,  and 
Stowart  Goodwill,  depaty  auditor;  Kansaa,  C.  G.  Blakely,  depnty  aoditor ;  Maine,  Wil- 
liam D.  Whiting,  actuary  of  tbe  department ;  Maryland,  J.  F.  C.  Talbott,  insurance 
commiwioi^er,  and  T.  B.  Townaend,  depaty  commissioner ;  Maseactansetts,  George  S. 
Merrill,  insnranoe  commissioner ;  Minnesota,  C.  H.  Smith,  insurance  commissioner ; 
Missouri,  Aug.  F.  Harrey,  actuary;  Montana,  Edward  A.  Kenney,  auditor ;  Nebraska, 
H.  B.  Babcock,  deputy  auditor;  New  Hampshire,  John  C.  Linehan,  insurance  commis- 
sioner ;  New  JerssT,  D.  Parks  Fackler,  actuary ;  New  York,  Isaac  Vanderpool,  derk  of 
the  deputment ;  Onlo,  W.  H.  Kinder,  superintendent  of  insurance ;  Pennsylrania,  Geo. 
B.  Lnper,  insurance  commissioner,  and  8.  W.  McCulloch,  deputy  commissioner ;  South 
Dakota,  Joseph  Frendenfleld,  deputy  auditor ;  Wisconsin,  W.  M.  Root,  insurance  com- 
missioner. 

There  was  also  present  ex-Superintendent  Reinmund  of  Ohio,  now  -vice-president  of 
the  Mutual  Reserre  Fund  of  New  Yorlc,  and  Messrs.  Bliven  of  Chicago  and  Beath  of 
Philadelphia,  representing  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters. 

President  Luper  said,  in  his  address,  that  the  objects  of  these  con- 
ventions, briefly  stated,  were: 

F^r§t,  To  secure  an  absolute  uniformity  of  blanks. 

Second,  To  secure,  as  far  as  possible,  uniformity  of  lep^islation. 

Third,  To  secure  uniformity  of  practice  in  the  execution  of  the  in- 
surance laws. 

He  regarded  uniformity  of  blanks  as  of  the  first  importance.  He 
was  thoroughly  convinced  that  the  labor  and  expense  necessary  under 
the  present  system  mi^ht  be  very  much  lessened,  and  better  results 
secured,  if  they  could  but  arrive  at  a  final  and  satisfactory  determina- 
tioD  of  this  question. 

The  committee  on  mortality  and  rates  of  interest,  composed  of 
Messrs.  Talbott,  W.  8.  Smith,  Harvey,  Whiting,  and  Sprague,  pre- 
sented a  report,  accompanied  hj  letters  from  the  ofllcers  of  thirty-nine 
companies,  expressing  their  opmions  as  to  the  future  rate  of  interest. 
The  committee,  excepting  Mr.  Whiting,  said: 

The  standard  Interest  rate  has  been  changed  since  1871  in  seTcral  of  the  states  from 
hifher  rates  down  to  the  present  minimum,  four  per  cent.  This  was  accomplished 
without  embarrassment  to  the  companies,  because  In  some  of  the  states  the  standard 
rate  had  always  been  four  per  cent.,  and  to  do  business  in  them  the  reeenre  on  that  basis 
had  to  be  maintained,  and  the  companies  had  grown  up  under  that  condition  and  had 
accommodated  their  business  to  that  requirement ;  but  any  further  chance,  looking  to 
the  placing  of  this  present  business  upon  a  basis  of  interest  rate  lower  than  that  upon 
which  th^  policT  contracts  have  been  entered  into,  would  be  a  different  and  very  seri- 
ous matter.  And  in  any  of  the  suggested  changes  of  the  standard  it  is  not  supposed 
that  it  is  intended  to  apply  to  any  except  new  business  written  after  the  new  standard 
should  be  adopted.  For,  aside  from  important  legal  consideration  that  would  present 
itself  to  any  attempted  interference  with  the  business  now  on  the  books.  It  is  wholly 
improbable  that  any  such  condition  will  arise  as  to  endanger  its  security  upon  the 
present  basis  within  the  next  twenty-flve  years,  during  which  period  the  great  mass  of 
the  insurance  now  in  force  will  disappear  from  natural  causes.  Our  inquiry,  therefore, 
is  confined  wholly  to  future  writings. 

The  effect  of  a  change  of  standard  interest  rate  from  four  per  cent,  to  three  and 
one-half  per  cent  or  three  per  cent,  would  be  to  add  to  resen'es  an  sYcrage  of  about 
seven  per  cent,  or  about  fifteen  per  cent,  respectively ;  and,  if  the  latter  were  to  be  ap- 

5 lied  to  a  business  of  the  size  and  character  of  the  present  volume,  it  would  increase  by 
100,000,000  the  amount  already  locked  up  in  reserves,  and  unless  present  premium 
rates  were  considerably  advanced,  would  carry  the  surplus  and  dividends  to  the  vanish- 
ing point  The  probable  consequence,  therefore,  of  any  of  the  suggested  changes  of 
interest  rate  in  thiB  basis  for  future  bnsinesB  is  of  so  great  importance  that  it  should  be> 


288  National  Ihsurahcb  CoNYSFTioir. 

entered  apon  only  after  the  exigenqr  le  plainly  demonetratod,  and  apon  deliberate  ood' 
sideration  of  the  falieet  Information  attainable.  The  information  now  at  hand  womld 
be  greatly  enlarged  by  general  diecneelon  of  the  sabject  by  the  jonmala,  and  It  mar  be 
deemed  adviBabTe  to  mvite  the  expreMiona  of  leading  flnandefs,  bnataieBB  men,  and  ttt& 
Actuarial  Society  by  inqalrles  similar  to  those  sent  to  the  companies,  bat  for  whldL 
time  was  f  onnd  too  limited  in  the  present  instance. 

Mr.  Whiting  wrote  a  dissenting  opinion  as  to  the  statement  of  tlie 
majority  of  the  committee,  that  'Mt  is  wholly  improbable  that  any 
such  condition  will  arise  as  to  endanger  its  security  upon  the  present 
basis  within  the  next  twenty-five  years,  during  which  period  the  great 
mass  of  the  insurance  now  in  force  will  disappear  from  natural 
causes."  He  subsequently  read  a  paper  on  the  subject  of  a  new  tal>le 
of  mortality  which  will  more  closely  approximate  to  the  experienoe 
upon  American  lives  and  replace  the  now  obsolete  actuaries'  table  tor 
new  business.  None  seemed  to  him  to  offer  such  advantages  as  are  to 
be  found  in  Dr.  Parr's  table,  derived  from  the  male  population  in 
sixty  three  healthy  districts  of  England. 

The  convention  voted  to  receive  the  report  of  the  committee  on 
mortality  and  rates  of  interest,  and  continued  the  committee  until 
next  year. 

Mr.  Harvey  read  a  paper  on  "  Reserves  for  Insurance  Companies 
Other  than  Life."  He  argued  that  reserves  should  be  based  on  losaea 
incurred  and  not  on  premiums  received. 

Mr.  Fackler,  in  a  paper  on  the  "  Limitation  of  the  Business  of  Life 
Insurance  Companies,"  advocated  the  restriction  of  the  businoBS  of  tike 
mat  companies  to  a  limited  amount  of  new  business  annually.  Our 
Life  companies  are  becoming  vast  financial  corporations,  and  may  be- 
come a  source  of  dan^^r  to  the  commonwealth  by  reason  of  the  vast 
money  power  lodged  in  the  hands  of  a  few  men.  possibljr  only  one 
man  in  each  company.  As  any  further  increase  in  the  size  of  our 
largest  life  companies  benefits  neither  policy-holders  nor  the  public, 
and  serves  only  the  ambitions  of  some  managers  and  the  pecuniazT- 
interests  of  certain  agents,  every  disinterested  person  should  faror 
legislation  to  confine  the  increase  within  certain  moderate  limits. 

Mr.  Fackler's  paper  was,  after  a  long  discussion,  referred  to  a 
special  committee  of  seven,  of  which  Mr.  Luper  is  chairman,  to  report 
at  the  next  annual  convention. 

The  committee  on  non-forfeiture  laws  reported  that  policies  issued 
in  any  state  should  be  subject  to  its  surrender  value  laws,  unless  a 
company's  own  state  has  a  non-forfeiture  law  or  the  policy  contains 
a  satisfactory  surrender  clause.    The  report  was  adopted. 

An  election  of  ofScers  for  the  ensuing  year  resulted  in  the  choice 
of  John  C.  Linehan  of  New  Hampshire  as  president,  C.  H.  Smith  of 
Minnesota  as  vice-president,  and  J.  J.  Brinkerhofl  as  secretary. 
Chicago  was  chosen  as  the  next  place  of  meeting. 

On  the  second  day,  Mr.  Harvey's  paper  was  discussed,  and  referred 
over  to  the  next  convention.  The  committee  on  a  national  fire 
insuraDce  standard  blank  reported  that  twenty-two  states  had  agreed 
to  accept  such  a  blank  as  to  the  items  of  assets,  liabilities,  income, 
and  expenditures,  and  that  three  states,  Arkansas,  Connecticut, 
and  Iowa,  had  declined.  The  report  was  adopted,  with  some 
changes,  but  turned  over  to  a  special  committee  for  further  considera- 
tion to  come  up  at  the  next  annual  meeting. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


National  Life  Insubance  Cohfant.  289 

The  committee  appointed  to  consider  the  recommendation  of  Mr. 
Fackler  regardine  the  limitation  of  the  amount  of  insurance  to  be 
written  or  carried  by  a  single  life  insurance  company,  met  in  New 
York  December  14, 1892,  with  Mr.  Luper  as  chairman.  The  matter 
was  discussed  at  length,  but  no  definite  action  was  taken. 

National  Life  insurance  company  of  Montpelier,  Vermont,  was 
originally  incorporated  as  the  National  Life  insurance  company  of  the 
United  States,  November  18,  1848,  the  or^nizers  including  Julius  Y. 
Dewey,  Paul  Dillingham,  and  Timothy  P.  Kedfleld.  By  amendment  of 
act  of  the  legislature  of  October  26,  1849,  the  company  was  authorized 
to  beffin  business  on  a  reserved  guarantee  capital  of  $&,000.  Twenty- 
five  directors  were  also  appointed  by  the  act.  Bv  charter  amendment, 
October  80, 1860,  the  number  was  reduced  to  thirteen,  a  quorum  re- 
quiring the  presence  of  seven  members.  The  first  president  was 
William  C.  Kittredge,  and  the  first  secretary,  Roger  8.  Howard,  but 
Julius  Y.  Dewev  was  the  manager  from  the  first.  Julius  Y.  Dewey 
was  elected  president  in  January,  1851,  and  George  W.  Reed,  secretary 
in  January,  1852.  Active  operations  were  begun  February  1,  1850. 
September  17  of  that  year  the  company  was  admitted  to  the  state  of 
New  York.  It  was  also  in  the  Massachusetts  field  at  an  early  date 
and  from  the  outset  established  a  high  standing  as  an  insurance  organ- 
ization. The  name  was  changed  by  act  of  the  legislature,  October  27, 
1858,  the  present  title  being  adopted.  The  company  was  admitted  by 
the  Illinois  department  February  26,  1869,  and  Ohio  was  entered  the 
same  year.  Business  in  Michi^n  began  May  1,  1872,  in  Iowa  in  1878, 
in  Pennsylvania  in  1874,  and  in  Minnesota  in  1875.  An  official  ex- 
amination of  the  company  in  1877  by  the  Vermont  commissioners  dis- 
closed a  surplus  of  $671,248.81.  The  guarantee  capital  had  been 
eliminated,  and  the  plan  of  insurance  was  purely  mutual. 

In  1885  operations  were  begun  on  the  Pacific  coast,  admission  being 
granted  by  the  California  department.  The  Missouri  field  was  occu- 
pied April  5,  1889.  At  the  present  time  the  company  is  established  in 
every  important  northern  state,  and  in  some  southern  states.  The 
National  Xiife  has  been  under  one  management  practically  from  the 
beginning  of  business  in  1850.  President  John  x.  Dewey  remained 
at  the  head  of  the  company  until  1877,  when  he  was  succeeded  bv  the 
present  incumbent,  Charles  Dewey,  who  has  been  associated  with  the 
board  of  directors  for  forty -one  years.  The  second  secretary,  George 
W.  Reed,  is  still  the  occupant  of  that  office,  having  given  the  company 
forty  years  continuous  service.  The  present  officers  and  directors  in 
full  are:  Charles  Dewey,  president;  £dward  Dewey,  vice-president; 
Qeo.  W.  Reed,  secretary;  J.  C.  Houghton,  treasurer;  J.  A.  DeBoer, 
actuary;  A.  B.  Bisbee,  M.D.,  medical  director;  Osman  D.  Clark, 
assistant  secretair;  and  H.  M.  Cutler,  assistant  treasurer;  Charles 
Dewey.  W.  H.  H,  Bingham,  George  W.  Reed,  Dudley  C.  Denison, 
Edward  Dewey.  Fred  £.  Smith,  James  C.  Houghton,  James  T.  Phelps, 
Wheelock  G.  Veazey,  George  Briggs,  Levi  K.  Fuller,  George  G.  Ben- 
edict, and  William  P.  Dillingham,  directors. 

The  amount  of  insurance  in  force  December  81, 1892,  was  $58,676,- 
858  and  the  assets  at  par  aggregated  $8,048,906.05,  having  increased 
from  $8,645.62,  January  1, 1851.  The  increase  in  the  value  of  assets 
at  par  by  decades  from  January  1, 1851,  until  January  1^  1891^  was: 


MO 


Nbbbaska  Lifb  Uhdsbwbttbrs'  Abbogiation 


JanuAry  1,  lOeO,  $196,768.57;  January  1.  1870,  $857,868.74;  Janaarj 
1.  1880.  $2,167,419.08;  January  1.  1890,  $5,686,234.28;  January  1, 
1891.  $6,487,115.87.  The  business  of  the  company  since  1880.  show- 
ing the  total  annual  income,  premium  receipts,  expenditures,  amount 
paid  policy-holders,  and  the  total  admitted  assets  will  appear  from  the 
appended  flgurefl. 


Yetr. 

Total  Income.' 

Premiam      ! 

Total 

Paid  Policy- 

Total  Admit- 

Receipts.       Expenditure. 

Holden. 

ted  Amccr. 

1880 

$381,404' 

t 
$264,184 

$243,050 

$189,928 

$2,886,737 

1881 

422.878 

293.481 

259,084 

199.910 

2,569.375 

1882 

472.224, 

341,180 

801.119 

236.628 

2.768.288 

1888 

566.595; 

416.685! 

869,989 

282,027 

2.911,871 

1884 

668.8981 

606.186 

432.768 

305.812 

3,181.162 

1886 

779.256' 

608,582 

451.121 

299,116 

S.528.821 

1886 

912.855, 

725,816 

514,287 

836,369 

8.880.523 

1887 

1.187.448 

954,805; 

670,480 

445.241 

4.405.315 

1888 

1,541.637 

1.281,173! 

942.061 

619,497 

5.167.548 

1889 

1,781,674' 

1,495,069 

1.075.872 

639,166 

5,917.195 

1890 

2,102.295 

1.789.472 

1.251,414 

728.904 

6,768.846 

1891 

2,218,860 

1.877,678 

1.551,935 

948.701 

7,569,150 

1892 

2,497,779; 

2,088,247 

1,657,415 

954,878 

8,762.430 

Nebraska  Field  Club.  This  is  an  association  of  field  men  of  fire 
insurance  companies  doing  business  in  Nebraska.  As  Nebraska  has  an 
anti-compact  law,  the  club  does  not  make  rates,  but  its  declared  pur- 
pose is  to  exert  a  moral  influence  for  the  good  of  fire  underwritini^  in 
the  state.  The  proceedings  of  the  club,  at  its  meetings,  are  never 
divulged.  The  last  known  officials  were  J.  M.  Richards,  chairman, 
and  f^nds  Dana,  secretary,  of  the  executive  committee. 

Nebraska.  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1865-1898 :  In  Nfebraska 
the  auditor  of  public  accounts,  who  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  lerm 
of  two  years,  is  charged  with  the  supervision  of  insurance.  The  de> 
partment  was  organized  in  1865.  The  officials  who  have  held  office 
since  then  are: 

John  Oilleepie, 

J.  B.  Weston. 

F.  W.  Leldlke. 

John  Wallichs, 

H.  A.  Babcock, 

Thomas  H.  Benton, 

Engene  Moore. 

Mr.  Moore  is  the  present  auditor,  and  his  term  will  expire  January, 
1895.  H.  A.  Babcock  is  the  deputy  auditor  in  charge  of  the  insurance 
department. 

Nebraska  Life  Underwriters'  Association  was  organized  March, 
1890,  the  original  officers  being  W.  J.  Fischer,  president;  H.  D.  Neely 
and  O.  H.  Jefifries,  vice  presidents;  and  E.  H.  Mayhew,  secretary. 
At  the  annual  meeting  held  at  Omaha,  January  11, 1892,  the  following 
officers  were  elected :   M.  L.  Boeder,  president;  I.  B.  Mapes  and  O.  £L 


Oct.  10,  i8«-Jan.  la,  isra. 

Jan.  18. 1878— Jan.  9.  ISTO. 
Jan.  9.1879— Not.  la,  1880. 
Nov.  12, 168a-Jan.  8. 168S. 
Jan.  8,1885— Jan.  8,1889. 
Jan.  8.1889-Jan.  1. 18a»S. 
Jan.,       1808- 


New  Ebtgland  Bttbeau  of  United  Iksfbction.  241  ^ 

Jeffries,  Tice-preBidenta ;  W.  S.  Wilson,  secretary;  W.  I.  Hawkes, 
treasurer.  The  present  officers,  who  were  elected  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  Januaxy,  1898,  are  M.  L.  Roeder,  president;  H.  D.  Neely,  first 
yice-president;  Charles  J.  Bell,  second  vice-president;  F.  £.  McMullen, 
secretary;  H.  F.  Lunback,  treasurer;  William  Henry  Brown,  corres- 
ponding secretary.  The  executive  committee  are  O.  H.  Jeffries,  Oscar 
Waason,  H.  D.  Neely,  W.  F.  Allen,  and  W.  I.  Hawks. 

Needles^  Edward  M.,  president  of  the  Penn  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company  of  Philadelphia,  was  bom  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  April  26,  1828, 
but  became  a  resident  of  Philadelphia  the  following  year.  He  entered 
the  dry-goods  business  tn  that  city  as  a  clerk  in  1887,  and  continued  in 
it  many  years,  retiring  with  a  fortune.  In  1868  he  was  chosen  a 
director  ox  the  Penn  Mutual,  and  in  1879  its  vice-president.  He  suc- 
ceeded the  late  Mr.  Huey,  as  president,  in  1886. 

Nelson,  William  C.^  manager  of  the  New  Orleans  compact,  was 
bom  at  Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  in  1841.  He  had  just  reached  manhood 
when  the  war  broke  out,  and  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Ninth 
Mississippi  ref:iment.  C.  S.  A.,  and  went  through  the  entire  conflict, 
subsequently  m  the  Seventeenth  Mississippi  regiment,  emerging  at  ~ 
Appomattox  with  a  captain's  commission.  He  entered  the  insurance 
business  in  Arkansas,  removed  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1871,  where  he 
was  a  local  agent  several  years,  and  secretary  of  the  local  board.  He 
was  special  a^ent  for  the  Royal  six  years,  afterwards  for  the  North 
British  and  Mercantile,  and  was  appointed  compact  manager  at  New 
Orleans  in  1892.  * 

Nevada,  Insurance  Snpervision  in,  1864-1898.  In  Nevada  the 
state  comptroller  is  ex  officio  insurance  commissioner.  The  comptrollers 
since  the  admission  of  the  state  in  1864,  have  been: 


A  W.  Nightingale, 


Not.  1, 1864-^an.  1, 1807. 


Jan.  1, 1807— Jan.  1, 1808. 
Jan.  1, 1868— Jan.  1, 1871. 
Jan.  1, 1871— Jan.  1. 187V. 
Jan.  1. 1879-Jan.  1, 1891. 
Jan.  1, 1881— 


W.  K.  ParUnaon, 
Lewie  Doron,    . 
W.  W.  Hobart, 
J.  F.Hallock,   . 
R.  L.  Horton,    . 

The  oflAcial  term  of  the  comptroller  is  four  years.  Mr.  Horton's 
term  will  expire  January  1,  1895.  The  deputy,  in  charge  of  the  in- 
surance department  of  the  office,  is  R.  M.  Horton. 

New  England  Bnrean  of  United  Inspeetion :  The  New  Eng- 
land Bureau  of  United  Inspection  was  organized  at  Boston  in  Decem- 
ber, 1887,  for  the  purpose  of  makine  frequent  and  complete  surveys  of 
important  risks  in  New  England,  the  reports  to  be  furnished  to  sub- 
scribing companies.  The  bureau  is  in  charge  of  a  governing  committee 
of  twenty-five,  the  list  being  elected  annually.  At  the  annual  meeting 
held  at  Boston,  February  5,  1892,  Chairman  Field  announced  the 
membership  as  54  out  of  a  possible  55.    He  said : 

"  Since  organization  the  burean  caused  8S0  original  and  4,163  re-iorveys  to  be  made.' 
We  have  at  tblB  date  968  riaku  regintered  and  608  under  iniipection,  aa  against  798 
registered  and  520  under  innpcction  a  year  ago.  Our  survey  numbers  show  8S0  risks 
under  our  care ;  but  seventy-one  are  duplicate  numbers,  and  sixty-eight  have  been 
dropped  for  various  reasons.    Our  expenses  for  the  year  have  been  |9&,738.84,  as  against 

{18,708.60  for  1890.  The  coat  per  survey  this  vear  Is  twenty-one  cents,  in  1890,  twenty- 
veoenta,  and  in  1880,  thirty  cents.  On  sprinkled  riaka  we  have  had  twenty-one  flree, 
with  a  loss  of  $liS4,406.76,  with  no  claim  on  insurance  companiee  in  eleven  caaee.  One 
gave  OS  •  kwa  of  $107,600— the  ftrat  decided  sprhilUer  fa}Iare  in  ^ew  Bng^and.    Tet,  ^ 


Kbw  Enolakd  Ikburascb  Ezchanob. 


Incladini^  this,  the  per  cent  of  losa  on  sprinkled  rleki,  miminlng  that  flie  borean  eom 
paniee  paid  it  all  —  which  ia  hardly  probable  —  is  below  the  average  loaa  ratio  for  the 
▼ear  on  entire  bosinees.  On  unprotected  riakt  we  had  sixteen  flres,  with  loss  of  fOBl,- 
1IM.96,  the  largest  being  |S68,850.S4.    In  four  fires  reported  no  claim  was  made.^^ 

The  following  are  the  officers  of  this  organization:  governing  com- 
mittee, George  P.  Field,  chairman;  A.  C.  Adams,  treasurer;  K.  W. 
Hilliard,  secretary.  The  inspectors  employed  by  the  bureau  are  T.  L. 
Churchill,  chief;  £.  F.  Everett,  £.  A.  Northey.  Lemuel  Pope,  G.  H. 
Robinson,  and  John  H.  L.  Coon.    The  draftsman  is  H.  G.  Fairfield. 

New  England  Insurance  Exchange  was  organized  bv  special 
agents  of  fire  insurance  companies,  at  Boston,  January  6,  I880.  jE^qt 
to  this,  anything  like  order  or  cohesion  in  rates  in  New  England,  oat- 
side  of  Boston,  was  practically  unknown,  and  very  few  local  bosirda 
were  in  existence.  The  first  attempt  to  make  rates,  beyond  the  limits 
of  Boston,  was  in  November,  1882,  when  a  meeting  of  special  agents 
was  held  to  consider  paper  mills.  It  resulted  in  sending  out  a  drcalar 
to  companies  asking  them  if  they  would  stand  by  a  scheme  of  rates  on 
this  class  of  risks  if  they  were  made,  and  forty-four  companiea 
answered  that  they  would.  This  success  encouraged  hope  of  a  closer 
organization,  and  resulted,  a  few  months  later,  in  the  formation  of  the 
Exchange. 

Membership  in  the  organization  is  entirely  personal  and  is  open  to 
all  persons  regularly  enfii^  in,  or  having  chsm  of  the  New  England 
field  work  of  any  fire  insurance  company.  The  objects  of  the  £x- 
clumge  are  declared  by  the  constitution  to  be  "the  svstematic  inter- 
cbange  of  information  and  co-operation  among  field  men."  The 
Exchange  is  a  rating  and  supervising  body.  Its  preliminary  work  ia 
mainly  aone  through  standing  comnuttees,  of  which  there  were,  at  the 
beginning  of  April,  1898,  twelve  of  the  Exchange  and  119  in  charge  of 
as  many  localities  in  New  England,  all  committees  being  composed  of 
members  of  the  Exchange.  These  committees  report  to  the  Exchange 
at  its  weekly  meetings,  and  their  action  is  approved  or  disapproved  by 
that  body. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  Exchange  covers  New  England  practically, 
with  the  exception-  of  Boston  (which  is  controlled  by  its  Board  of  Fixe 
Underwriters),  the  state  of  New  Hampshire  (which  has  its  own  state 
board),  the  state  of  Maine  (which  since  the  passage  of  the  anti-compact 
law  there,  has  been  abandoned  to  its  local  boiuras),  and  a  few  other 
places  of  less  importance. 

The  presidents  of  the  Exchange  since  organization  have  been  as 
follows:  1888,  U.  C.  Crosby  (two  terms);  18^,  Ckorge  P.  Field ;  1886, 
George  W.  Taylor;  1887,  Henry  E.  Hess;  1888,  Henry  R.  Turner; 
1889,  Benjamin  R.  Stillman;  1890,  Frank  A.  CoUey;  1891,  U.  C. 
Crosby  (third  term);  1892,  Moses  R.  Emerson;  1893,  Charles  B.  Fowler. 
The  secretaries  have  been:  1883,  James  Bruerton;  1884,  Arthur  A. 
Clarke;  1888,  Oliver  P.  Clarke;  1891,  C.  M.  Goddard. 

The  present  officers,  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  January, 
1893,  are:  Charles  B.  Fowler  of  the  Franklin  of  Philadelphia,  presi- 
dent; E.  0.  Brush  of  the  Commercial  Union,  Edward  C.  North  of  the 
Mercbants  of  Newark,  and  A.  C.  Adams  of  the  JBtna  of  Hartford, 
vice-presidents;  C.  M.  Goddard,  secretary  and  treasurer;  W.  H.  Smith 
of  the  Providence. Washhigton  (chairman),  G.  W.  Hinkley  of  the 
Phoenix  of  Hartford,  J.  J.  Downey  of  the  Royal  and  Pennsylvania,  C, 


NBW  EhGLAKD  iNSURAirGB  EXCHANOB. 


2i8 


L.  Woodside  of  the  North  American,  and  G.  Herbert  Ide  of  the  London 
and  Lancashire,  executive  committee. 

The   following   is  a  list  of  the  companies  represented   in   the 
organization: 

Agrlcnltnral. 

American,  Boston. 

American,  Newark* 

American,  New  York. 

American,  Philadelphia. 

Atlas,  London. 

BoTlrton. 

BritiBh-America. 

Broadway. 

Caledonian. 

Citizens,  New  York. 

Commercial  Union. 

Connecticnt  Fire. 

Continental. 

Delaware. 

Bqnitable  Fire  and  Marine. 

Fire  Ins.  Co.  of  Fhila. 

Fire  Association  of  Phlla. 

Fireman^s  Fand. 

First  National  Fire. 

FYanklin  Fire,  Philadelphia. 

German- American. 

Oirard  Fire  and  Marine. 

Glens  Falls,  New  York. 

Granite  State  Fire. 

Greenwich. 

Guardian,  London. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  standing  committees  and  the  names  of 
the  chairmen  of  each: 


Hambarff-Bremen. 
Hanover  Fire. 
Hartford  Fire. 
Home,  New  York. 
Imperial  Fire. 
Ins.  Co.  of  North  America. 
Ins.  Co..  State  of  Pa. 
Lancashire. 
Lion  Fire. 

Liy.  and  Lon.  and  Globe. 
London  Aasnranoe. 
London  and  Lancashire. 
Manchester  Fire. 
Mechan's  and  Trad's,  N.  O. 
Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine. 
Merchants,  Newark. 
Merchants,  ProYidenoe. 
Michigan  Fire  and  Marine. 
National,  Hartford. 
Newark  Fhra,  N.  J. 
New  Hampshire  Fire. 
Niagara  Fire. 
North  American,  Boston. 
No.  British  and  Mercantile. 
Northern,  London. 
Northwestern  National. 
Norwich  Union. 
Orient,  Hartford. 


Palatine. 

PennBylvania  Fire. 
People's  Fire,  N.  H. 
Phenix,  N.  Y. 
Phoenix,  London. 
Phoenix,  Hartford. 
Providence- Washington. 
PniBsian  National. 
Queen,  N.  Y. 
Reading  Fire. 
Reliance,  Philadelphia. 
Rochester  German. 
Royal,  Liverpool. 
Scottish  Union  and  NatU. 
SecnrlW,  New  Haven. 
Springfield  Fire  and  Marine. 
Spring  Garden. 
State  Investment. 
San,  London. 
Tentonia,  New  Orleans. 
Trans-Atlantic  Fire. 
Union,  Philadelphia. 
Union,  California. 
United  Firemen's. 
United  States  Fire. 
Westchester. 
Western,  Canada. 


KZOHANOB. 

ConwUUea.  Chairmen. 

Boot  and  Shoe  Factor's,.. C.  H.  Wilkins. 

Co-Insnrance, M.  R.  Emerson. 

Cotton  &  Woolen  Mills,. .W.  T.  Teale. 

Electric  Lights, K.  C.  North. 

Execativo, W.  H.  Smith. 

Factory  Improvement,.. U.  C.  Crosby. 

Maine  Division, H.  B.  Clapp. 

Vermont  Division, ().  B.  Chadwick. 

Eastern  Mass.  Div J.  H.  Barger. 

Western  Mass.  Div., .  ..N.  S.  Bartow. 

Rhode  Island  Div.,. .  ..G.  W.  Hinkley. 

Connecticut  Div., G.  E.  Kendall. 

Boot  and  Shoe  Div.,.. J.  M.  Forbash. 

Fire  Apparatus, O.  B.  Chadwick. 

Gasolene  and  Kerosene,.  E.  C.  Brush. 
N.  Y.  City  Violations,... H.  R.  Turner. 
Paper  and  Pulp  Mills,..  .W.  R.  Gray. 
Sole  Leather  Tanneries,. W.  R.  Gray. 
Summer  Hotels, H.  R.  Turner. 

MAlNB.t 

AndroHCOggin  Co., A.  K.  Simpson. 

AroostookCo., J.  J.  Downey. 


Oommitteet.  Chairmen. 

Bath, E.C.  North. 

*Berwick, G.  E.  Macomber. 

Brunswick, F.  A.  Wetherbee. 

Franklin  Co., S.  B.  Chirke. 

Hancock  Co., H.  B.  Clapp. 

Kennebec  Co., G.  W.  Hinkley. 

Knox  Co., A.  W.  Sewall. 

Lincoln  Co., S.  B.  Clarke. 

Oxford  Co., M.  R.  Emerson. 

Penobscot  Co., H.  B.  Clapp. 

Piscataquis  Co., S.  B.  Clarke, 

Portlana, M.  R.  Emerson. 

Richmond, G.  W.  Hinkley. 

Somerset  Co., T.  H.  Dooley. 

Waldo  Co., Geo.  Neiley. 

Washington  Co., S.  G.  Parsons. 

York  Co., J.  H.  Leighton, 

VERMONT. 

Addison,  etc.,  Co's, O.  B.  Chadwick. 

Bennington  Co., A.  L.  Berry. 

Frankliii  Co., G.  H.  Allen. 

Lamoille  Co., J.  B.  Knox. 

Montpelier, H.  L.  Uiscock. 


*  No  local  board. 

t  In  conseqence  of  the  passage  of  the  law  in  Maine,  in  1893,  f  ordidding  the  existence 
of  compacts  to  make  rates,  the  Exchange  has  relinqnisned  control  over  the  local  boards 
of  that  state,  nominally,  if  not  practically,  and  all  Maine  committees  of  the  Exchange 
have  been  discharged,  though  the  chainnen  of  these  committees  are  retained,  and 
organised  Into  a  committee  for  advisory  purposes.  The  local  boards  of  the  state  wUi 
coiitlniie  to  uphold  Exchange  rates,  without  connection  with  tl|e  Exchange;;^  "^^  ^  ^c>  ^ 


344 


Nbw  Enolasd  Inbubancb  Exchahgb. 


Oommiltest.  Chairmen. 

N.  B.  Vermont, J.  H.  Lelgfaton. 

BntlandCoM O.  H.  Ide. 

Windham  Ca, Am<wShernum. 

Windsor  Co., E.  C.  BroBh. 

KASSACRnBKTTS. 

Amb<ttvt, C.  M.  Slocnm. 

•Arlington C.  L.  Woodaide. 

Attleboro J.  H.  Border. 

Ayer H.  R.  Turner. 

Barnstable, J.  B.  Cornish. 

Beverly, C.  B.  Fowler. 

Brockton, Q.  A.  Famess. 

Brookllne, W.F.Dearbom,Jr. 

Cambridge, Geo.  Neilev. 

Cape  Ann, A.  S.  fiarrmgton. 

Chelsea, J.  B.  Cornish. 

Chioopee, J.  B.  Knox. 

Bastem  Hampden, C.  H.  Wilkins. 

FaU  River, J.  E.  Tilllnghast. 

Fitchbarg, G.  A.  Fumess. 

Framinghfun, W.  R.  Qray. 

Franklin, M.  R.  Bnzton. 

Haverhill, H.  R.  Turner. 


.W.F.Dearbom,Jr. 

C.  B.  Fowler. 

A.  L.  Berry. 

H.J.  Ide. 

O.  B.  Chadwick. 

...U.  H.  Soule,  Jr. 
...Q.  E.  Kendall. 
. . . A.  C.  Adams. 
...E.G.  North. 
...W.  T.  Teale. 
.J.  U.  Leighton. 


*Hingham, 
Hoi  voke, 
Hudson, . 
riydePark,. 
■awrence,.. 
'  Lexington, 

Lowell, 

Lynn, 

Maiden, 

Marlboro, 

*Martha's  Vineyard, . 

Middleboro, Amoe  Sherman. 

Mllford, AmoB  Sherman. 

Nantucket, M.  R.  EmerBon. 

Natick, W.F.Dearbom,Jr. 

New  Bedford, A.  C.  Adams. 

Newburyport, N.  S.  Bartow. 

Northampton, A.  K.  Simpson. 

Northern  Berkshire, F.  D.  Cross. 

Plttsfleld W.L.  Wilcox. 

Plymouth, A.  B.  Fowler. 

Plymouth  Co.  (North),.. G.  W.  Hinkley. 

Provincetown, J.  B.  Cornish. 

Quincy C.  H.  Wilkins. 

Salem, W.  R.  Gray. 

Southern  Berkshire J.  B.  Knox. 

Spencer, R.  J.  Tatman. 


OommiUees,  Chatmui^ 

Springfield U.  C.  Croeby. 

Stonghton, F.  A.  Wetberbee. 

Tannton, Amos  Shenaan. 

Waltham, CM.  Slocom. 

Ware, G.  H,  Allen. 

Westfleld O.  B.  Chadwick. 

West  Norfolk, G.  W.  Hinkl«y. 

Wevmouth, G.  W.  Hlnkler. 

Wobum, T.  H.  Dooley.' 

Worcester,  U.  C.  Croaby, 

Worcester  Co.  (No.),. . .  .G.  H.  Ide, 
Worcester  Co.  (So.),  ...R.J.  Tatman. 


RHODS  ISLiAXD. 

Bristol  A  Providence,. .  .8.  B.  Beed. 

Kent  Co., W.  T.  Tfeale. 

Newport, B.  C.  Brush. 

Pawtucket, E.  C.  Bmsh. 

Washington  Ca, A.  L.  Berry. 

Woonsocket, J.  E.  TUllnghast. 

CONNECTICUT, 

*Branford, J.  D.  Eaton. 

Bridgeport, J.  B.  Knox. 

Colchester, W.  T.  Fnraeea. 

Danbury, H.  L.  Hiscock. 

Dsnielsonville, J.  H.  Bnrger. 

Farmington  Valley, J.  D.  Eaton. 

•Guilford J.  B.  Knox. 

Hartford, B.  B.  Cowles. 

Hartford  Co.  (No.). J.  B.  Knox. 

Housatonic  Valley, E.  B.  Gowlea. 

Meriden, J.  D.  Eaton. 

Middletown, J.  L.  Kendig. 

Mllf ord F.  A.  Wetherbce. 

Naugatuck  Valley E.  B.  Cowlea. 

New  Britain, E.  B.  (Bowles. 

New  Haven, J.  L.  Kendig. 

New  London, A.  K.  SimpsoB. 

Norwalk, E.  B.  Cowies. 

Norwich, D.  Prentice. 

Rockville,  A.  W.  SewaU. 

Southern  Middlesex, J.  B.  Knox. 

Stafford  Springs, T.  H.  Dooley. 

Stamford, J.  M.  Forboah. 

Stonington, F.  A.  Wetberbee^ 

Wallingford, F.  A.  Wetberbee. 

Waterbury, J.  L.  Eendlg . 

WillimanUc, F.  A.  Wetherbee. 

Winsted, Geo.  Nelley. 

Local  boards  exist,  with  the  few  exceptions  indicated  by  asterisks, 
in  the  counties  and  towns,  under  the  captions  of  states,  in  the  above 
list.  Each  board  has  a  local  secretary,  and  there  are  stamp  clerks  in 
the  following  places:  Addison  and  adjoining  counties,  Vt.;  Andros- 
coggin county,  Me.;  Bridgeport,  Conn.;  Franklin  County,  Vt. ; 
Hartford,  Coon.;  Lawrence,  Mass.;  Meriden,  Conn.;  New  Haven. 
Conn.;  Norwich,  Conn.;  Pawtucket,  R.  I.;  Rutland  county,  Vt.; 
Sprfngfield,  Mass. ;  and  Worcester,  Mass. 

TJie  Exchange,  in  February,  1892,  adopted  the  following  resolation 
in  regard  to  brokerage: 


•  1^0  local  board. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Hew  ^GLA]n>  Mutual  Life  brsuRAHCB  Com1»ahy.       iM 

Tliat  In  the  opinion  of  this  Bxcbanse  the  rate  of  brokerage  on  aU  risks  located  oat- 
side  the  incorporate  limits  of  the  city  or  Boston  and  the  city  of  Providence  shoold  not 
exceed  10  per  cent.,  and  that  the  secretary  Instruct  the  chairmen  of  the  various  local 
committeee  U>  request  local  boards  under  tnelr  jurisdiction  to  adopt  a  rule  limiting  the 
rate  of  brokerage  to  not  more  than  10  per  cent.,  and  that  the  chairmen  having  jorls- 
diction  over  territory  where  no  local  board  exists  see  that  their  committees  take  such 
action  and  report  at  an  early  date  the  result  of  their  action  to  the  secretary  of  the 
Exchange. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Exchange  held  December  8,  1892,  the  report  of 
a  committee  recommending  the  application  of  the  co-insurance  clause 
to  all  specifically  rated  risks,  with  the  exception  of  factory  and  paper 
mill  risks,  was  adopted.     [See  Co  insurance  Clause.] 

New  England  Mntaal  Life  insurance  company  was  chartered 
April  1,  1835,  and  began  business  December  1,  1848.  A  guaranty 
capital  of  $100,000  was  required  under  the  charter,  one-half  of  the 
amount  to  be  paid  in  in  cash  before  the  commencement  of  operations. 
One-fourth  of  the  surplus  was  to  be  set  apart  for  the  establishment  of 
a  fund  with  which  the  capital  stock  might  be  redeemed  at  any  time 
after  ten  years,  the  assured  being  authorized  to  vote  on  the  question. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  capital  was  eliminated  in  1858,  and  from  that 
time  forward  the  management  was  purely  mutual.  The  company  was 
the  pioneer  of  life  insurance  in  New  England.  Judge  Willard  Phillips, 
one  of  the  original  corporators,  was  the  first  president,  and  under  his 
administration,  says  a  New  York  insurance  superintendent,  "the  life 
policy  was  popularized  in  the  offices,  counting  rooms,  banks,  work- 
shops, and  firesides  east  of  the  Hudson;  and  no  bank  bill  nor  state  bond 
was  ever  more  sacredly  regarded  than  the  policies  underwritten  by 
Judge  Phillips."  The  New  England's  first  policy  was  issued  February 
1, 1844,  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  the  total  number  of  policies  out- 
standing was  459.  The  expenses  during  the  first  two  years  amounted 
to  9  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts.  The  third  year  they  were  11  per 
cent.  From  that  they  fell  to  6  per  cent.,  and  at  no  time  thereafter  ex- 
ceeded 8.  No  non-participating  policies  were  issued.  At  the  end  of 
five  years  a  cash  distribution  of  20  per  cent.,  equalingnearly  one-half  of 
the  premium  receipts  for  the  year,  was  declared.  Five  years  later  a 
second  distribution  was  declared,  amounting  to  80  per  cent.,  and  the 
third  was  a  36  per  cent,  division.  These  distributions  were  payable  at 
the  option  of  the  policy-holders  in  cash,  or  could  be  used  in  the  reduc- 
tion of  future  premiums. 

In  1866  the  quinquennial  system  of  distributions,  as  provided  for 
in  the  charter,  was  supplanted  by  the  annual  method,  a  general  law 
being  passed  that  year  authorizing  the  change.  In  1864  the  office  of 
vice-president  was  created,  and  Benjamin  F.  Stevens,  who  had  been 
the  company's  secretary  practically  from  the  time  that  it  began  busi- 
ness, was  elected  to  the  position.  Judge  Phillips  retired  from  the 
presidency  in  1866,  and  was  succeeded  by  Vice-President  Stevens, 
who  has  since  remained  at  the  head  of  the  company.  Joseph  M.  Oib- 
bens  was  elected  secretary  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Stevens'  advancement, 
and  retained  the  position  until  1887,  when  he  was  elected  vice-pre^^nt, 
8.  F.  Trull  succeeding  him.  The  New  England  has  had  on(Pwo 
presidents  since  its  organization.  The  present  officers  of  the  company 
arc  Benjamin  F.  StevenSjpresident;  Alfred  D.  Foster,  vice-president; 
B.  F.  Trull,  secretary;  W.  B.  Turner,  assistant  secretary;  Walter  0. 


246  Kew  Hampshibb  Iksubabob  Rbpobt  fob  1893. 

Wright,  actuary.  The  directors  are  Charles  U.  CottiniL  Warren  Saw- 
yer, William  T.  Hart,  William  C.  Endicott,  Alfred  D.  Foster,  Thomas 
Sherwin,  William  H.  Wilder,  Richard  Briggs,  Benjamin  F.  Stev'ens, 
Nathaniel  J.  Rust.  The  total  premiums  received  by  the  company 
from  its  organization  until  January  1,  1893,  amounted  to  $^,816,271: 
total  paid  to  policy-holders,  $54,106,851;  amount  invested  for  policy- 
holders, $33,046,537.  The  total  amount  paid  to  policy-holders,  to- 
gether with  the  sum  invested  January  1, 1893,  for  their  benefit,  exceeds 
the  premiums  received  by  $12,336,607.  The  total  income  in  189S 
aggregated  $4,166,685,  the  premium  income  being  $3,021,100.  The 
total  number  of  policies  in  force  at  the  end  of  the  year  was  81,337,  the 
amount  of  insurance  being  $90,859,097.  The  total  amount  disbaned 
on  account  of  death  claims  and  matured  endowments  during  the  year 
was  $1,538,887,  distributions  to  policy-holders,  $581,054. 

New  Hampshire  Board  of  Underwriters  was  organized  bv 
New  Hampshire  companies,  February  10,  1886,  at  Concord,  N.  u. 
It  is  a  ratiog  and  supervising  organization.  Its  presidents  have  been: 
Oliver  Pillsbury,  from  organization  to  September,  1886;  8.  B.  Stearns, 
since  that  time. 

The  companies  now  members  of  the  organization  are :  the  New 
Hampshire  Fire;  Granite  State  Fire,  of  Portsmouth;  People's  Fire,  of 
Manchester;  Portsmouth  Fire  Association;  Capital  Fire,  of  Concord; 
Fire  Underwriters' insurance  company;  State  Dwelling  House  insur- 
ance company;  Concord  Mutual  Fire;  Manufacturers'  and  Merchants' 
Mutual  Fire;  Cheshire  County  Mutual  Fire;  American  Manufacturers' 
Mutual  Fire;  Home  Manufacturers'  and  Traders'  Mutual  Fire;  u£tna 
Mutual  Fire.  The  local  boards  within  its  jurisdiction  are  as  follows: 
Merrimack  County,  Concord;  Strafford  County,  Dover;  City  of 
Manchester,  Manchester;  City  of  Nashua,  Nashua. 

The  officers  and  executive  committee  elected  at  the  annual  meeting 
in  1892  are:  Stephen  B.  Stearns,  president;  C.  C.  Danforth,  vice- 
president;  Samuel  C.  Eastman,  Concord,  secretary;  T.  M.  Lang, 
treasurer.  A.  F.  Howard,  E.  G.  Leach,  S.  C.  Eastman,  S.  B.  Steams, 
A.  D.  ToUes,  W.  H.  Elliot,  O.  Morrill,  L.  Jackman,  and  F.  W.  Bar- 
/\  A      geant,  executive  committee. 

O/  V  ^^^  Hampshire  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  Commissioner 
^  y^  Linehan  reported  that  the  following  companies  had  entered  New  Hamp- 
shire for  business  since  the  publication  of  his  previous  report:  Ameri- 
can, of  Boston:  Home,  of  New  York;  Lancashire,  of  England;  Man- 
chester Fire;  Mercantile,  of  Boston;  Niagara  Fire;  Phoenix,  of  Hart- 
ford; Queen,  of  New  York;  Scottish  Union  and  National;  Western  of 
Toronto;  American  Employers'  Liability;  Lloyds  Plate  Glass,  and 
Hartford  Life  and  Annuity.    Three  fire  companies  withdrew. 

The  commissioner  discussed  at  much  length  the  effects  of  the  val- 
ued policy  law  upon  New  Hampshire,  contending  that  it  had  been 
beneficial,  that  the  fire  waste  had  decreased  and  losses  were  fewer  than 
before  its  enactment,  and  the  rates  were  not  higher.  Quoting  the  re- 
tur^^f  premiums  and  losses,  he  said: 

Ktadj  of  these  flgnna  will  show  that  the  rates  are  not,  m  a  whole,  higher,  while 
the  losses  are  Jast  the  opposite  of  what  was  predicted.  With  property  insured  to  the 
amoant  of  ftlOT,686,666.fe  more  daring  the  latter  period  the  losses  are  $806,94136  lesa. 
Pedacting  th«  busineae  of  the  state  cash  matoals  incladad  in  the  abOYa  table,  maom  of 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Nkw  Hahp8Hisb»  iNsimAirca  SxTPSBVistoK  m«  1^7 

which  paid  dlTidands  to  their  poUcy-hoIdeis,  the  ratio  of  praminmt  to  risks  written 
for  the  Mkooe  of  the  ineuntace  placed  since  ilie  passage  of  the  law  would  be  1.18,  and 
the  ratio  of  losses  to  preodams  for  the  same  period  woald  be  86.6.  For  the  corres- 
ponding period  belbre  the  paasage  of  the  law  the  ratio  of  premiums  to  risks  written 
waa  1.95,  and  the  ratio  of  lossea  to  premiums  for  the  same  time  was  60.8.  With  this 
BUtement  it  will  not  be  difficult  to  answer  the  question  as  to  whether  or  not  the 
ralned-policy  law  has  been  ii^nrioas,  either  to  the  interests  of  the  companies  or  to 
those  seeking  Insurance.  Six  years'  experience  ought  to  demonstrato  to  the  most 
skeptical  that  it  has  not  led  to  arson  and  consequent  loss,  but,  on  the  contrary,  the 
companiee  have  been  the  /j^ners,  while  their  patrons  have  not  been  losers  thereby. 
It  must  snrely  be  a  good  law  that  beneftto  both  parties,  the  buyer  and  the  seller,  for 
than  far  such  has  been  the  resalt  in  New  Hampshire.  That  this  is  the  view  of  the 
altuation  taken  by  the  managers  of  the  companies  that  left  the  state  on  the  passage 
of  the  law  la  evident  from  the  return  of  over  40  of  them. 

The  commisBioner  defended  hU  action  in  revoking  the  certificate  of 
the  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity,  on  the  ground  that  it  did  only  an 
asaeesment  business  in  New  Hampshire,  and  was  therefore  an  assess- 
ment company,  and  the  law  made  no  provision  for  the  transaction  of 
business  by  non-state  assessment  companies  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
deToted  some  space  to  an  excoriation  of  the  endowment  assessment 
companies,  and  defended  the  Barber  law,  which  provided  for  their 
regulation. 

The  receipts  of  the  department  for  the  year  ending  April  1,  1892, 
were  $80,609,  which  included  the  tax  on  capital  of  home  companies 
and  premiums  of  non-state  companies,  and  the  expenses  were  $5,656. 

New  Hampshire  Life  Underwriters  Asgoeiation  was  organized 
at  Concord,  May  81,  1889,  in  response  to  a  call  issued  by  John  J.  Dil- 
lon of  Manchester.  The  original  officers  were:  John  J.  Dillon,  presi- 
dent; George  A.  McKellar  of  Concord,  and  John  D.  Chandler  of 
Nashua,  vice-presidents;  Charles  E.  Staniels  of  Concord,  secretary; 
Charles  8.  Parlcer  of  Concord,  treasurer.  The  officers  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting,  June  15, 1892,  were:  8.  B.  Folsom  of  Dover,  president; 
C.  S.  Parker  of  Concord,  and  C.  £.  8taniels  of  Concord,  vice-presidents; 
W.  M.  Morgan  of  Manchester,  secretary;  John  D.  Chandler  of  Nashua, 
treasurer.  President  Folsom  died  in  October,  1892,  leaving  the  office 
of  president  vacant.  The  present  officers  and  executive  committee, 
elected  at  the  annual  meeting,  June  12,  1898,  are:  C.  8.  Parker  of 
Concord,  president;  C.  H.  Howard  of  Manchester,  C.  L.  Harmon  of 
Manchester,  vice-presidents;  W.  M.  Morean  of  Manchester,  secretary; 
John  D.  Chandler  of  Nashua,  treasurer.  8.  F.  Emery  of  Center  Harbor ; 
F.  N.  Cheney  of  Manchester;  Nicholas  Frost  of  Concord;  E.  8.  Owen 
of  Portsmouth;  F.  H.  Carpenter  of  Manchester,  executive  committee. 

New  Hampshire,  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1852-1898.  The 
insurance  department  in  New  Hampshire  was  established  in  1852. 
Originally  the  board  consisted  of  three  members,  and  afterwards  of 
two.  In  1870  the  statute  was  modified,  providing  for  the  appointment 
of  but  one  commissioner.    The  incumbents  of  the  office  have  been: 

Uri  Lamprey,  Warren  L.  Lane,  Cliarles  F.  Brooks, 1861^1868 

Uri  lAmprey,  Warren  L.  Lane,  Timothy  Hoekins, 1858—1866 

Warren  L.  Lane,  Uri  Lamprey.  Timothy  Hoekins, 1854—1866 

Warren  L.  Lane,  Timothy  Hoskins,  John  E.  Stanyan,        ....  1866—1866 

Albert  S.  Soott,  Jacob  H.  BU^  G.  W.  Conant, 1866-1867 

Alberts.  Soott,  Jacob  H.Ela,  Lorenzo  Day, 1867-1860 

Oliver  C.Flaher,  Otis  F.RTWaite,  Benjamin  M.  Colby,      ....  1800-186S 

C.  v.  Dearborn,  G.  W.  ConanL  Jamee  Gordon, 186S— 1864 

James  Gordon,  F.  8.  Greenlear,      .       i 1864-1864 


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d48  KbW  tNSTTRAHCS  Ck>]IPAHIB8  ObGANIKBD  IN  189d. 

F.  8.  Greenleaf,  Joseph  Qllman, 1865—1866 

Joseph  GUinan,B.M:TopliS,  John  Fdch, 180^-1887 

E.  It  Topllll,  John  Pelch, 18ff7-1888 

John  PVilch,  A.  B.  Wight,  Francis  Winch, 1868-1869 

A.  B.Wyatt,  Francis  Winch 186©— 1OT9 

Oliver  Plllsbnry  [died  hi  office], 1870-1888 

Henry  H.  Hose  [died  in  office], 1888-1890 

John  C.  Linehan, 1880— 

being  the  preient  incumbent.  The  tenure  of  the  office  is  three  years, 
the  appointment  being  made  by  the  ffoyernor  and  executive  council. 
There  is  no  provision  for  a  deputy,  the  labor  of  the  office  being  per- 
formed br  the  commissioner  and  derk.  The  latter  is  Mrs.  Irene  A. 
Huse,  widow  of  a  former  insurance  commissioner.    [3ee  Linehan.] 

New  Insarance  Companies  Organized  In  1892.    The  follow- 
ing insurance  companies  were  organized  in  1892: 

FIBB  IHSURASCB  OOKFAlOBa. 

Paid  np     Aatborised 
Capital. 


CoxPANm.  Capital.  Capital. 

Colombian  Fire,  LooiSTllle, $900,000  

Iowa  Fire,  Des  Moines, 96,000  $100,000 

Rntland  Fire,  Rntland,  Vt., 100,000  

Total, $896,000       $100,000 

This  was  the  smallest  output  of  years,  and  demonstrated  how  dis- 
trustful capital  had  become  about  investments  in  the  fire  insurance 
business.  There  were  announcements  of  companies  "  projected,"  but 
very  few  materialized.  The  Chicago  insurance  companv,  with  $100,- 
000  cash  capital,  filed  papers,  and  elected  officers,  and  there  were  ru- 
mors of  a  Commercial  Fire  of  Chicago,  with  $200,000  capital.  In 
Virginia  the  German-American  Fire  insurance  company  of  Richmond, 
with  ''a  maximum  capital"  of  $100,000,  was  chartered,  and  the  Old 
Dominion  Fire  insurance  company  of  Portsmouth,  with  $100,000  cap- 
ital, was  "mentioned." 

Undoubtedly  the  most  important  venture  of  the  year  outside  of  the 
joint  stock  circle  was  the  Assurance  Lloyds  of  America,  which  was 
started  bv  Beecher,  Schenck  <&  Co.  The  Atlas  Mutual  of  Boston, 
organized  last  year,  began  business  in  April.  1892. 

Three  companies,  which  reinsured  their  business  in  1801  or  1893. 
resumed  taking  risks  —  the  Exchange  Fire  and  New  York  Fire  of 
New  York,  and  Citizens  of  Cincinnati. 

As  to  foreign  companies,  the  Palatine  of  Manchester  entered  the 
country  generally  during  the  year,  while  the  Atlas.  Manchester,  and 
Prussian  National,  admitted  to  some  states  in  1881,  extended  their 
business  into  others  after  January.  The  Patriotic  of  Ireland  entered 
California. 

LIFB  AND  CASUALTY  INSURAHOB  OOMPANIBS. 

The  year  was  more  than  ordinarily  fruitful  in  new  company  projects, 
but  only  two  took  actual  form.  These  were  the  Columbia  Mutual  Life 
of  Providence,  R.  I.,  with  $100,000  capital,  which  began  business  in  a 
small  way,  and  the  Minneapolis  National  Life  Association.  The  pro- 
jected companies  announced  were  the  Minneapolis  Mutual  Life;  Colum- 
bia of  Chicago,  $100,000  capiUl ;  Chicuro  Mutual  Life,  $100,000  capital: 
Building  Loan  Life  of  Chicago,  $500,000  capital;  People's  Life  of  the 
State  of  New  Jersey,  $200,000  capital,  and  the  Northeastern  Life  of 


New  Mexico,  InbttranCb  duPBittistoN  m.  ^40 

Manchester,  N.  H.,  -with  $100,000  capital.  The  charters  of  the  three 
Chicago  companies  were  filed  with  the  auditor  of  HHdois. 

The  American  Annuity  company  of  New  York  was  incorporated 
with  $100,000,  to  issue  life  policies  and  annuities. 

At  Baltimore,  the  Maryland  Theft  Insurance  company  was  incor- 
porated with  $100,000  capital  to  insure  against  burglary,  larceny,  and 
theft  of  all  kinds;  also  to  insure  travelers  against  injury  or  damage  to 
baggage  and  freight  in  traimtu. 

New  Jersey  Association  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized 
at  Trenton,  N,  J.,  in  May,  1893,  by  some  fifty  representatives  of  fire 
insurance  companies,  the  purpose,  as  stated,  being  ''to  promote  the 
general  interest  of  fire  insurance  matters,  and  procure  united  demand 
for  such  legislation  as  is  needful  for  the  business."  The  following 
officers  were  elected:  R.  P.  Conlon  of  Newark,  president;  R.  P.  Miller 
of  Camden,  vice-president;  and  R.  V.  Rogers  of  Trenton,  secretary 
and  treasurer.  The  executive  committee  consists  of  J.  W.  Morrissee 
of  Paterson;  C.  J.  Adams  of  Atlantic  City;  John  Muller  of  Jersey 
City;  and  J.  Prank  Appleby  of  Asbury  Park. 

New  Jersey  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  The  companies  ad- 
mitted to  the  state  during  the  previous  year  were  the  National  Fire, 
Rochester-Gkrman,  and  Queen  of  New  York;  Security  of  New  Haven, 
and  New  York  Plate  Glass.  During  the  same  period  thirteen  fire  in- 
surance companies  withdrew  from  the  state.  The  Hudson  River  Fire 
and  Marine  of  Jersey  City,  failed.  Commissioner  Duryee  deplored 
the  increasing  fire  waste,  and  recommended  the  adoption  of  a  law  re- 
quiring compulsory  investigations  of  fires  by  officials  appointed  for 
the  purpose.  He  called  altention  to  the  new  standard  fire  insurance 
policy  adopted  by  the  state.  He  also  denounced  the  assessment  en- 
dowment swindles. 

New  Jersey  Life  Insurance  Association.  [See  Life  Insurance 
Association  of  New  Jersey.] 

New  Jersey,  Insurance  Supervision  in,  1875-1893.  The  depart- 
ment of  banking  and  insurance  in  New  Jersey  was  created  by  act  of 
the  legislature,  approved  February  10.  1891,  and  went  into  operation 
on  April  1.  The  first  "commissioner  of  banking  and  insurance"  ap- 
pointed under  the  act  was  Col.  George  B.  M.  Harvey  of  South  Orange, 
N.  J.,  who  held  office  from  April  1  until  his  resignation  in  June  rol- 
lowing.  The  present  commissioner,  George  8.  Duryee  of  Newark, 
was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  assumed  the  duties  of  the  office 
June  26.  Thomas  K.  Johnston  of  Trenton  was  appointed  deputy  com- 
missioner under  the  act.  The  Hon.  Henry  C.  Kelsey,  secretary  of 
state,  was  ex  officio  commissioner  of  insurance  of  the  state  from  the 
enactment  of  the  general  insurance  law,  April  9,  1875,  until  April  1, 
1891,  when  the  new  department  went  into  operation.  The  state  had 
DO  insurance  commissioner  prior  to  the  ptissage  of  the  general  insur- 
ance law. 

New  Mexico,  Insurance  Supervision  in.  The  territorial  act  of 
February  18,  1883,  requires  insurance  companies  to  report  to  the  terri- 
torial auditor.  He  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  two  years.  Trinadad  Ala- 
rid  was  auditor  from  1882  to  1891.  In  the  latter  year  Demetrio  Perez 
sneceeded,  and  is  the  present  auditor.    The  deputy  is  Celestino  Ortiz. 

12  ^....... Ogle 


250  Kbw  York  fioABD  of  Pibm  VvDMKW&ttKiSLA* 

New  Orleans  Fire  Insarance  Compaet  went  into  effect  April  2, 
1803.  Notice  was  given  tliat  the  Wliiting  rates  would  take  effect  at 
once,  and  tlie  former  system  of  stamping  would  be  resumed.  W.  C. 
Nelson  of  Nashville  was  appointed  manager. 

New  Orleans  Insarance  Association,  in  Septeml)er,  1892,  elected 
its  secretary,  George  Lanauz,  to  be  president,  to  fill  the  ▼acancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Pierre  Lanauz,  who  died  September  6.  Cliarl^ 
D.  Delevy,  connected  with  the  company  many  years,  was  appointed 
secretary. 

New  Orleans  Insarance  Clnb,  at  its  annual  meeting,  Decem- 
ber 8,  1892,  elected  L.  M.  Finley,  president;  D.  A.  S.  Yaught,  vice- 
president;  and  Charles  Janvier,  secretary. 

New  Orleans  Insurance  Company  retired  from  business  in  1892. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  company,  held_May  21,  it  was 
decided  by  a  vote  of  1,700  shares  to  147  shares  to  place  the  company 
in  liquidation.  Bidding  for  the  business  was  lively  among  the  local 
companies,  but  the  Phoenix  of  Hartford  secured  it.  President  Tuyes 
of  the  New  Orleans  company  was  appointed  resident  agent  of  the 
Hartford  company  at  New  Orleans.  The  retiring  company  was 
eighty-eight  years  old  and  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  United  States,  hav- 
ing begun  business  in  1805. 

New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized  May  8. 
1868.  [For  extended  history  of  New  Y  ork  city  associations  of  fire  under- 
writers from  1819  to  the  present  time  and  of  the  present  board,  see  the 
Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1891.]  The  thirty-fifth  annual  raeeting 
of  the  board  was  held  May  16,  1892,  when  officers  and  members  of 
commiitees  were  elected  as  follows: 

Preflident,  Elijah  R.  Kennedy;  Tice-prasldent,  John  H.  Wathbom;  vecretary, 
W.  De  L.  Bonghton;  asBlstant  secretary,  Thomas  J.  Gaines;  treasoKr,  Lindwy 
If  array,  Jr. 

Committee  on  FtfUtnce.--  Henry  W.  Eaton,  T.  T.  Brown,  M.  8.  Drigss,  John  M. 
Whiten,  Henry  E.  Bowers,  J.  Remsen  Lane,  Hago  Schamann. 

Committee  on  Fire  Patrol.— Qeorffe  T.  Patterson,  Mason  A.  Stone,  Dmvid  Adee, 
J.  J.  Neetell,  aeorge  B.  Rhoads,  Bei^amin  Q.  Ackermao,  W.  B.  Ogden. 

Committee  on  Laws  and  Legislation.— 3.  Montgomery  Bare,  J.  U.  Kattenetroth. 
Charles  Sewall,  W.  S.  Banta,  Peter  Notman,  Oeoi^ge  R.  Crawford,  George  P.  Sheldon. 

Committee  on  Surveys.— V,  O.  Affeld,  A.  D.  Irving,  Beoonl  Lockwood,  James  M. 
HodgeR,  J.  R  McCay,  J.  8.  Eadie,  B.  F.  Beddall. 

Committee  on  Police  and  Origin  of  Flru.-Qeorge  W.  Babb,  Jr.,  B.  Lltchfldd, 
F.  C.  Moore,  C.  E.  Shade,  Frank  M.  Parker,  Frank  T.  Stinson,  and  Charles  S.  Bartow. 

The  above  constituted  the  "  regular  "  ticket.  There  was  an  opposi- 
tion ticket  which  substituted  Mr.  John  W.  Murray  for  president,  the 
remainder  of  the  ticket  being  the  same.  The  vote  for  president  was: 
Kennedy  87.  Murray  19.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  May,  1888,  Messrs. 
Kennedy,  Washburn,  and  Boughton  were  re-elected.  The  following 
is  a  tabulated  list  of  the  officers  of  the  "  New  York  Board  of  Pire  In- 
surance Companies  "  from  its  organization  in  1868  to  1867,  and  of  the 
"  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters"  from  that  date  to  the  pres- 
ent time: 


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Hew  Yobk  Ftrk  Patbol. 


^61 


Year*. 


PresideniB. 


1658 
1859 
IWO 
1S61 

im 

1888 
1861 
1865 
l^m 
1887 
IH88 
186B 
1'<T0 
1871 
1«T« 
1873 
1R74 
187B 
1S7B 
1^77 
1878 
18W 
1N80 
1881 
1882 
1888 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
18K9 
1S90 
1}<9I 
18<hi 
1808 


Joaeph  Walker, 
Josepb  Walker, 
George  S.  Fox, 
OeotKe  S.  Fox, 
Richard  J.  Thome, 
Jonathan  D.  Steel*, 
Qeorge  T.  Hope, 
Qeor^e  T.  Hope, 
James  M.  McLean, 
James  M.  McLean, 
James  M.  McLean, 
Henry  A.  Oakley, 
Henry  A.  Oakley, 
George  W.  Savage, 
George  W.  Savage, 
Rndolph  Qanigae, 
Bdgar  W.  Crowell, 
Sdgar  W.  Crowell, 
Daniel  A.  Heald, 
Daniel  A.  Heald, 
Bdward  A.  Walton, 
Bdward  A.  Walton, 
Thos.  F.  Jeremiah, 
ThoB.  F.  Jeremiah, 
Peter  Notman, 
Peter  Notman, 
Nicholas  C.  MiUer, 
Nicholas  C.  MiUer, 
Henry  H.  Hall, 
Henry  U.  Hall, 
Geoige  M.  Colt, 
George  M.  Colt, 
Samuel  P.  Blagden, 
Samnel  P.  Blagden, 
EMJAh  R.  Kennedy, 
Elijah  R.  Kennedy, 


Vice-PresideuU. 


George  C.  Satlerlee, 
George  C.  Satterlee, 
George  C.  Satterlee, 
George  C.  Satterlee, 
Jonathan  D.  Steele, 
George  T.  Hope, 
James  M.  McLean, 
James  M.  McLean, 
Bdgar  W.  Crowell, 
Bdgar  W  CroweU, 
Henry  A.  Oakley, 
George  W.  Savage, 
Georse  W.  Savage, 
Rudolph  Garrigne, 
Radolph  Garrigne, 
Bdgar  W.  Crowell, 
Daniel  A.  Heald, 
Daniel  A.  Heald, 
Bdward  A.  Walton, 
Bdward  A.  Walton, 
Thos.  F.  Jeremiah, 
Thos.  F.  Jeremiah, 
Peter  Notman, 
Peter  Notman, 
Nicholas  C.  MiUer, 
Nicholas  C.  Miller, 
Henry  H.  Hall, 
Henry  H.  Hall, 
George  M.  Coit, 
George  M.  Coit, 
Samuel  P.  Blagilen, 
Samael  P.  Blagden, 
Blilah  R.  Kennedy, 
BlQah  R.  Kennedy, 
John  H.  Washbam, 
John  H.  Washburn, 


Secretaries. 


John  Milton  Smith. 
William  F.  Underbill. 
William  F.  Underbill. 
William  F.  Underhlll. 
William  F.  UnderhUl. 
WUliam  F.  Underbill. 
Robert  D.  Hart. 
Robert  D.  Hart. 
Frank  W.  Ballard. 
William  W.  Benshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Hensbaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
WUllamW.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
Williun  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
WUIlam  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
WUliam  W.  Henshaw. 
WUliam  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
William  W.  Henshaw. 
W.  De  L.  Bonghton. 
W.  De  L.  Bonghton. 


The  treasurers  of  the  board  have  been  Charles  H.  Birney,  1868—1866;  Martin  L. 
CroweU,  1867:  Marcus  F.  Hodges,  186&-1881;  Martin  L.  CroweU,  1889-1888;  Wm. 
A.  Anderson,  188^-1888;  Wm.  M.  St.  John,  188»-1890;  Lindley  Murray,  Jr.,  1880— 

New  York  Fire  insurance  company,  which  re-insured  its  risks  in 
the  Home  of  New  York  in  April,  1891,  resumed  business  in  February, 
1892,  with  Augustus  Colson,  former  secretary,  as  president,  Charles 
A.  Hull,  former  yice-president  of  the  Howard,  as  Tice-president,  and 
W.  J.  Eeeler  as  secretary. 

New  York  Fire  Lloyds,  under  the  management  of  E.  R  Ken- 
nedy, began  business  in  February,  1892. 

New  York  Fire  Patrol.  The  present  effective  orninization 
known  as  the  New  York  Fire  Patrol  was  created  by  the  ifew  York 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  under  the  authority  of  the  charter  granted 
to  the  board  by  the  legislature  in  1867,  but  it  was  preceded  by  organ- 
izations liaTing  substantially  the  same  purposes  as  far  back  as  thirty- 
two  years.  In  1885  the  ''Association  of  Fire  Insurance  Companies" 
employed  four  men  whose  duty  it  was  to  attend  all  fires  and  protect 
the  interests  of  fire  underwriters  by  preserving  property  exposed  to 
fire  and  damage  by  water.  They  received  a  salary  of  $250  per  annum 
each.  In  1839  the  association  employed  forty  men  as  a  fire  police  in 
the  mercantile  district.    The  men  were  firemen  or  ex-firemen,  and  wore   t 


d5d  Kew  York  Iitbttbakob  I^ie^rt  Vob  IdOd. 

red  fire  caps.  They  ^ve  the  alarm  to  each  other  by  means  of  whistlei 
and  rattles.  The  first  corers  for  the  protection  of  merchandise  from 
water  were  used  in  1845.  Qeorge  T.  Hope  was  chairman  of  the  fire 
patrol  committee  in  1858,  and  was  instrumental  in  the  preparation  of 
the  first  code  of  rules  placed  in  the  hands  of  every  member  of  the 
force.  A  second  patrol  company  was  organized  in  1855  and  a  third  in 
1867. 

In  1867  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  chartered 
by  an  act  of  the  legislature,  by  which  power  was  granted  this  corpora- 
tion "to  provide  a  patrol  of  men  and  a  competent  person  to  act  is 
superintendent,  to  aiscover  and  prevent  fires,  with  suitable  apparatus 
to  save  and  preserve  property  or  life  at  and  after  a  fire;  and  the  better 
to  enable  them  so  to  act  with  promptness  and  efficiency,  full  power  b 
given  to  such  superintendent  and  to  such  patrol  to  enter  any  buDding 
on  fire  or  which  may  be  exposed  to  or  in  danger  of  taking  fire  from 
other  burning  buildings,  at  once  proceed  to  protect  and  endeavor  to 
save  the  property  therein,  and  to  remove  such  property,  or  anv  part 
thereof,  from  the  ruins  after  afire.''  By  the  same  act  every  fire  in- 
surance company  doing  business  in  the  city,  whether  a  member  of  the 
board  or  not,  was  compelled  to  pay  a  per  centum  tax  upon  its  premium 
income  within  the  city  limits  for  the  support  of  the  fire  patrol,  which 
heretofore  had  been  supported  by  voluntary  contributions. 

The  patrol  was  and  continues  to  be  under  the  government  of  the 
committee  on  fire  patrol  of  the  board,  elected  annually.  In  1876  fire 
patrol  No.  4  and  in  1893  fire  patrol  No.  5  were  put  into  operation.  At 
the  time  of  the  last  report  of  the  committee,  being  for  the  year  ending 
April  80,  1892,  there  were  at  the  several  fire  patrol  stations  in  use  and 
in  reserve  1,267  stock  and  215  roof  covers  in  good  order.  Covers  are 
manufactured  by  members  of  the  fire  patrol  under  the  direction  of  the 
superintendent.  The  fire  patrol  has  in  use  1  Silsby  steam-pumping 
engine,  9  large  wagons,  5  small  wagons,  and  a  full  supply  of  the  im- 
plements used  in  the  service.  The  uniformed  force  consists  of  the 
following:  Patrol  No.  1.  No.  41  Murray  street,  42  officers  and  men; 
patrol  No.  2,  No.  81  Great  Jones  street,  40  ofi^cers  and  men;  patrol 
No.  8,  No.  104  West  80th  street,  29  officers  and  men;  patrol  No.  4, 
No.  lis  East  90th  street,  14  officers  and  men;  patrol  No.  5,  No.  307 
West  121st  street,  14  officers  and  men;  total,  189.  The  whole  force  is 
under  the  immediate  command  of  Superintendent  Abram  C.  Hall 
The  committee  on  fire  patrol  elected  at  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the 
board  is  as  follows:  George  T.  Patterson,  chairman.  Mason  A.  Stone, 
David  Adee,  J.  J.  Nestell,  George  B.  Rhoads,  Benjamin  G.  Ackerman, 
and  W.  B.  Ogden.  The  secretary  of  the  committee  is  William  M. 
Randell.  The  amount  expended  to  maintain  the  fire  patrol  for  the 
year  ending  May  1,  1892,  was  $125,197,  of  which  $71,228  was  for 
salaries  and  $12,285  for  supplies  and  repairs. 

New  York  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  The  first  part  of  the 
thirty-third  annual  report  of  the  superintendent  of  the  insurance  depart- 
ment, dated  February  27,  1892,  recoided  no  new  admissions  of  fire 
companies  during  the  department  year,  but  named  the  following  as 
having  discontinued  business  in  the  state:  Anglo-Nevada,  Boatman's 
Fire  and  Marine  of  Pittsburgh,  Commercial  of  San  Francisco,  Fire- 
men's of  Baltimore,  and  Prudential  Fire  of  Boston.  ^ 

.,,,_.,  ^oogle 


NbW  TOBK  iNiUSANCE  RbPOBT  FOB  1892.  268 

The  foUowiog  companies  were  organized  in  the  state:  Commercial 
Union  of  New  York,  with  $200,000  capital;  Queen  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  America,  of  New  York,  $600,000  capital. 

The  superintendent  deplored  the  results  to  lire  insurance  companies 
of  the  business  of  1891.  In  the  face  of  a  decrease  in  assets  of  nearly 
$6,000,000,  their  liabilities  had  increased  $11,000,000.  He  estimated 
that  they  had  made  a  net  loss  during  the  year  of  about  $1,500,000. 
The  outlook  for  the  smaller  companies  was  certainly  not  encouraging. 
The  loss  to  the  state  of  New  York  annually  by  fires  was  over  $15,000,- 
000.  He  promised  to  prepare  a  bill  to  introduce  in  the  legislature, 
looking  to  the  investigation  by  the  proper  authorities  of  the  causes  of 
fires  within  the  state. 

Defects  in  the  law  of  1885  permitting  the  insurance  of  surplus  lines 
in  companies  not  authorized  to  do  business  in  the  state,  were  pointed 
out  by  the  superintendent.  He  recommended  that  the  affiant  be 
required  to  certify  to  the  fact  that  diligent  effort  had  first  been  made 
to  place  the  insurance  in  regularly  suthorized  companies,  without 
avail ;  and,  further,  that  the  aSSdavit  should  be  made  by  the  assured, 
and  not  bv  second  parties,  "  setting  forth  that  the  person,  firm,  or  cor- 
poration desiring  insurance  is  unable  tQ  procure  the  amount  .  .  . 
required  .  .  .  from  .  .  .  companies  duly  authorized  to 
transact  business  in  this  state." 

Part  two  of  the  report,  dated  May  2,  1892,  covering  the  business  of 
other  than  life  companies,  stated  that  the  admissions  during  the  year 
had  been  confined  to  three:  the  American  Casualty  of  Baltimore,  New 
Jersey  Plate  Glass,  and  United  States  Industrial  of  Newark,  while  one 
company,  the  Imperial  Life  of  Detroit,  had  withdrawn.  Two  companies 
had  been  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  state,  the  New  York  Plate 
Glass  and  the  Lawyers  Surety.  The  iEtna  of  Hartford  had  been 
licensed  to  do  an  accident  business.  Two  domestic  live  stock  insur- 
ance companies  had  been  organized  and  five  co-operative  life  and  acci- 
dent associations  had  been  admitted  to  the  state. 

The  superintendent  expressed  the  hope  that  uniform  non-forfeiture 
laws  may,  at  an  early  date,  be  adopted  by  several  states.  He  alluded 
to  the  results  of  the  examination  of  the  ^ew  York  Life  insurance  com- 
pany by  the  department,  declaring  that  they  had  "  fully  restored  the 
company  to  that  public  confidence  which  previous  criticism  of ^  its 
management  had  somewhat  affected."  while  congratulating  the 
great  life  companies  upon  their  energy  and  enterprise,  the  superintend- 
ent declared  that  the  enormous  volume  of  business  transacted  was 
Indication  of  unhealthv  growth.  Under  the  stimulus  of  rivalry 
between  companies,  high  commissions  paid  for  premiums  offer  tempta- 
tions to  violate  the  anti-rebate  laws,  and  the  forcing  by  agents  of 
policies  at  cut  rates  on  first  year's  premiums,  discourages  their  contin- 
uance at  table  rates  by  the  policy-holders,  thus  giving  rise  to  the 
unprofitable  amounts  of  lapsed  insurance  which  are  reported  every 
year.    The  superintendent  added: 

Vew  policies  lapee  after  their  second  year,  as  the  laws  provide  for  paid-up  insur- 
ance after  the  third  year's  premioms  have  been  paid.  These  lapsed  policies  generally 
represent  insarance  obtained  through  high  commissions,  and  on  which  the  greater  part 
of  the  reserve  has  been  ciiarged  to  general  assets  ;  it  is  forced  business  which  is  nroftta- 
ble  neither  to  the  company,  the  agent,  nor  the  individual  policy-holder. 


The  correction  of  these  abuses  lies  in  great  measure  with  the  companies  themselves,     t 


254  New  Tobk  Life  Insurajycb  Compaht. 

Ix>wer  rates  of  compensation  to  agents,  firm  support  of  the  provlBions  of  the  anti-Tebate 
law,  restriction  of  quality  of  insurance  written  to  what  is  called  for  in  bonaJUU  appUca- 
tions  for  only  such  amounts  as  they  are  financially  able  to  keep  in  force,  and  a  careful 


and  prudent  limitation  of  the  business  of  the  year  to  a  volume  shown  by  experieu^  to 
be  safely  within  the  bounds  of  necessity  and  good  management  should  all  be  brought 
about  without  further  intervention  of  statutory  requirements. 


The  receipts  of  the  insurance  department  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
September  80,  1891,  were  $182,630,  and  the  ezpenditnres  $78,787. 

New  York  Life  Insurance  Association.  [See  Life  Lisurance 
Associatiou  of  New  York.] 

New  York  Life  insurance  company.  When  the  year  1893  began, 
the  examiners  of  tlie  New  York  state  insurance  department  were  clos^ 
ing  their  labors  in  the  investigation  of  the  condition  of  the  company 
and  the  official  course  of  the  management.  [For  a  statement  of  the 
events  immediately  preceding  the  examination  of  the  company,  see  the 
Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1891.^  The  report  of  the  examiners  was 
made  public  by  Superintendent  Pierce  January  22,  1892.  The  exam- 
ination had  be^n  June  21, 1891,  and  the  report  was  dated  January  19, 
1892,  so  that  six  months  and  twenty-nine  days  had  been  consumed  in 
the  examination  and  the  preparation  of  the  report  thereof.  The  rtport 
of  the  superintendent  summarized  and  commented  upon  the  report 
of  the  examination  of  the  company  by  Deputy  Superintendent  Shan- 
non, which  accompanied  it.  Regarding  the  financial  condition  of  the 
company,  Mr.  Shannon  found  assets  of  $120,710,691,  and  liabilities  of 
$106,002,016.  leaving  a  gross  surplus  of  $14,708,676.  The  assets  were 
nearly  $5,000,000  more  than  were  claimed  by  the  company  in  its  last 
annual  statement.  The  report  condemned  the  agency  management  of 
the  company.  Extravagant  commissions  and  unwarrantable  allow- 
ances were  paid  to  agents  and  the  accounts  with  them  were  very 
loosely  kept.  There  were  serious  errors  of  Judgment  in  some  of  the 
company's  real  estate  investments.  There  was  a  loss  on  Holbrook 
Hall  in  New  York  of  $529,867;  on  the  Plaza  Hotel  of  $283,994;  on 
real  estate  in  Paris  of  from  $315,404  to  $632,204,  according  to  different 
appraisements.  The  course  of  the  management  in  allowing  Loomis  L. 
White,  one  of  the  trustees,  to  purchase  and  sell  all  the  company's  se- 
curities was  condemned.  The  account  books  of  the  company*  were 
badly  kept.  The  integrity  of  Mr.  Beers  and  the  officers  was  not  im- 
puted by  the  report. 

On  January  25,  the  trustees  of  the  company  met  and  appointed  a 
committee  of  five  "to  consider  the  report  of  the  superintendent  of 
insurance  and  consider  what  action  should  be  taken  in  review  thereof.'^ 
The  committee  was  William  L.  Strong,  G.  G.  Baldwin,  John  Claflio, 
Walter  H.  Lewis,  and  Edward  N.  Gibbs.  On  February  2,  an  address 
by  President  Beers  to  the  policy-holders  of  the  company  was  issued. 
He  reviewed  the  report  of  the  insurance  superintendent  in  detail  and 
explained  and  defended  his  management  of  tlie  affairs  of  the  company. 
He  suggested  several  reforms,  among  them  the  prevention  of  giving 
rebates  or  commissions  to  the  insured  and  the  limitation  of  the  amount 
of  insurance  that  companies  may  put  on  their  books. 

Six  days  after  the  publication  of  this  letter,  on  February  8,  Mr. 
Beers  resigned  the  presidency,  to  take  effect  February  10,  giving  as  bis 
reasons  that  at  his  advanced  age  and  after  the  drdeal  to  which  be  had 


Kxw  ToBK  LiFB  Insu&akcb  Company.  255 

been  subjected,  he  needed  relief  from  labor,  and  that  he  recognized 
the  fact  that  the  asBaults  upon  him,  however  unjust,  might,  if  he 
remained  in  office,  prove  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  the  company. 
In  accepting  the  resignation  the  board  of  trustees  adopted  resolutions 
of  regret  and  eulogized  Mr.  Beers  for  his  great  services  to  the  com- 
pany, in  recognition  of  which  it  authorized  the  execution  of  an  agree- 
ment with  him  to  pay  him  an  annual  salary  of  $87,500  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life,  m  return  for  which  he  was  to  render  service  to 
the  company  in  an  advisory  capacity.  On  February  13  the  board  met 
and  elected  John  A.  McCall,  then  comptroller  of  the  Equitable  Life 
AjBsurance  Society,  president  of  the  New  York  Life  insurance  com- 
pany, to  succeed  Mr.  Beers.  Oeorge  W.  Perkins,  the  western  agency 
manager,  was  elected  third  vice-president.  Messrs.  Charles  S.  Fair- 
child,  William  C.  Whitney,  Woodbury  Langdon,  and  E.  D.  Randolph 
were  elected  trustees  to  fill  vacancies.  Ruf  us  W.  Weeks  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees.  At  a  meeting  of  the  board  held 
February  24,  C.  C.  Whitney,  many  years  the  private  secretary  of  ez- 
President  Beers,  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  companv.  Soon  after 
this  the  suits  of  the  company  against  the  Time^  for  libel  were  with- 
drawn and  Mr.  Sanchez  of  the  Spanish-American  department,  who 
also  had  a  libel  suit  against  the  Times,  at  the  request  of  the  new  man- 
agement abandoned  it. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  policy-holders  of  the  company  came  of? 
April  18,  1892.  Mr.  Beers  having  resigned  as  a  trustee,  ex-Mayor 
Grace  was  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy  and  Hiram  B.  Steele  was  chosen 
to  succeed  John  N.  Steams.  The  other  old  trustees  of  the  class  of 
1892  were  re-elected.  The  new  board  then  met  and  elected  Hugh  S. 
Thompson,  -ex-governor  of  South  Carolina,  to  the  newly-created  office 
of  comptroller.  Following  this.  President  McCall  announced  that  he 
had  re-instated  Theodore  M.  Banta  in  the  cashiership. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  trustees.  May  11,  1892,  Mr.  McCall 
and  the  other  officers  were  unanimously  re-elected.  Three  announce- 
ments were  made  :  that  the  Slocum  committee  of  policy-holders,  having 
accomplished  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  organized,  had  disbanded; 
that  Mr.  Sanchez,  the  manager  of  the  Spanish-American  department, 
and  the  late  partner  of  the  defaulting  Merzbacher,  had  paid  oS  all  the 
indebtedness,  amounting  to  $419,882.92;  that  the  enforcement  of  the 
contract  made  by  order  of  the  trustees  with  Mr.  Beers,  to  pay  him  an 
annual  half -pay  salaiy  of  $87,500,  would  now  be  resisted  by  the  com- 


pany, and  the  matter  referred  to  the  courts  for  an  opinion.     [A  copy 
?  the  contract  appeared  in  the  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1891.1 
In  June,  1892,  the  company  issuea  its  new  "  accumulation  policy. 


the  features  of  which  are  described  in  the  sketch  of  this  company 
further  on.     [See  also  Policy  Forms,  New  York  Life.] 

July  1,  1892.  Charles  N.  Jones,  of  the  actuarial  department  of  the 
Northwestern  Mutual  Life  insurance  company,  was  appointed  assistant 
actuary  of  the  New  York  Life.  Later  Louis  A.  Cerf,  California  state 
agent  of  the  company,  was  appointed  inspector  of  its  agencies  in  the 
southwestern  states,  with  headquarters  at  Chicago.  In  August  Edward 
N.  Gibbe.  a  trustee  of  the  company,  was  appointed  treasurer. 

The  New  York  supreme  court,  first  department,  rendered  an  opinion 
in  the  fnatter  of  the  [salary  of  ex-Presidept  Beers  in  November,  189SL   j 


2M  Nbw  York  Lifs  Inbubahcb  Coxpant. 

The  opinion  M^as  written  by  Justice  Van  Brunt  and  ooncarred  in  by 
Justices  O'Brien  and  Lawrence.  It  was  to  the  diect  that  Mr.  Been 
bad  no  valid  claim  for  the  salary.  The  court  found  that  the  idea  of  re- 
muneration  for  past  services  permeated  the  whole  agreement,  since  no 
future  service  was  to  be  rendered  by  Mr.  Beers.  The  board  of  trustees 
had  no  ri^ht  to  make  a  perpetual  contract  thereby  taking  the  manage- 
ment of  the  business  out  of  the  control  of  their  successors  and  the  owners 
of  the  company.  The  fact  that  Mr.  Beers  was  present  and  presided  at 
the  meeting  at  which  the  contract  was  made,  -raised  the  presumption  of 
fraud.  There  was  an  absence  of  consideration  on  which  to  base  the 
contract. 

Counsel  for  Mr.  Beers  promptly  gave  notice  of  appeal  from  this  de- 
cision to  the  general  term  of  the  supreme  court.  But  before  further 
steps  were  taken  the  company  made  a  proposition  to  compromise  the 
dispute  with  the  ez-president  by  paying  him  half  of  the  amount  voted 
him  by  the  board  of  trustees,  to  wit,  $18,750  per  annum  for  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  and  this  offer  was  accepted  by  Mr.  Beere.  Presi- 
dent McCall  said  to  a  reporter,  in  explanation,  that,  "Mr.  Beers,  al- 
though 71  years  old,  is  still  invaluable  as  an  adviser,"  and  he  added : 

The  company,  al though  BucceMiful  In  its  suit  In  the  supreme  coart,  had  preferred  t^ 
coniproinii«c  rathtT  than  run  the  rink  of  having;  the  Judgment  reversed  by  the  coon  of 
appals.  The  prfsent  officers  had  a  khidly  feeling  for  Mr.  Beers.  Mr.  McCall  bad  no 
personal  feeling  in  the  affair,  but  had  opposed  the  contract  because  he  did  not  think  that 
the  comiMiny  nhould  pay  so  large  a  sum  for  little  or  no  return,  unless  the  courts  decided 
that  it  was  necessary.  If  the  sum  to  have  been  paid  to  Mr.  Beers  yearly  had  bcvn 
smaller,  no  contest  would  have  been  made.  A  committee  at  first  had  fixed  the  amoost  at 
$S5,000. 

During  the  year  the  new  president  made  several  tours  of  the  coun- 
try and  a  visit  to  Europe,  in  the  interests  of  the  company.  [See  Mo- 
Call,  John  A.] 

BKRTCn  OP  THB  COMPANY. 

The  charter  under  which  the  New  York  Life  insurance  company 
does  business  was  originally  issued  to  the  Nautilus  insurance  companj 
of  New  York,  May  21,  1841,  for  marine  and  fire  insurance.  The  au- 
thorized capital  was  $200,000,  with  the  privilege  of  increasing  the 
amount  to  $400,000.  Organization  under  the  charter  was  not  effected, 
however,  until  nearly  two  years  later,  and  April  12,  1845,  the  charter 
was  amended  so  as  to  enable  the  company  to  do  business  wholly  on 
the  mutual  plan.  It  was  also  authorized  to  transact  all  forms  of  life 
insurance  business.  J.  De  Peyster  Ogden  was  elected  president  and 
Pliny  Freeman,  secretary  and  actuary.  It  was  decided  to  confine  its 
operations  to  life  insurance.  The  number  of  policies  issued  during  the 
first  3'ear  of  the  company's  existence  was  54  whole  life  and  29  short 
term,  the  former  insuring  for  $164,000  and  the  latter  for  $82,250. 

In  1847,  two  years  later,  Aaron  M.  Merchant  succeeded  Mr.  Ogden 
as  president  of  the  "  Nautilus  Mutual  Life  insurance  company,"  as  it 
was  then  termed,  and  the  other  officers  were  Robert  B.  Coleman,  vice- 
president;  Pliny  Freeman,  actuary;  Drs.  George  Wilkes  and  Cornelius 
U.  Bogert,  medical  examiners,  and  Orsamus  Hushnell,  solicitor  or  at- 
torney. Among  the  trustees  was  James  Harper,  "late  mayor  of  the 
city  of  New  York,"  and  at  the  foot  of  the  list  of  trustees  was  the  name 
of  Morris  Franklin,  *  *  president  of  the  board  of  aldermen."  Mr.  Frank- 
lin became  president  the  next  year.    The  second  year's  report  showed 


New  Yobk  Lifb  Inbubahcb  Comfaitt.  '    257 

682  policies  ismed  insuring  $1,846,828,  a  premium  income  of  |41,746.41, 
and  death  losses  paid  of  $6,994.18. 

The  New  York  legislature  passed  an  act,  April  5,  1849,  altering  the 
name  of  the  corporation  to  the  New  York  Life  insurance  company. 
Under  the  amended  charter,  marine,  inland,  and  fire  insurance  were 
eliminated,  the  business  being  restricted  to  life  insurance  and  the  exe- 
cution of  trusts  and  annuities.  The  by-laws,  which  were  adopted  at 
that  time,  provided  that  the  company's  transactions  "  should  be  con- 
fined exclusively  to  insurance  on  lives  and  to  insurance  appertaining  to 
or  affecting  life."  The  business  of  the  company  grew  steadily,  and 
when  the  civil  war  was  over,  and  the  era  of  great  prosperity  in  life  in- 
sorance  succeeded,  the  New  York  Life,  under  the  superior  energy^  and 
aptitude  of  its  managers,  forged  ahead  rapidly  and  took  position  m  the 
front  ranks  of  the  greater  companies. 

The  New  York  Xife  was  one  of  the  first  companies  in  this  country 
to  inaugurate?  plans  for  the  abolition  of  the  forfeiture  feature  in  life  in- 
surance. It  introduced  as  early  as  1860  its  ten-year  non-forfeiture 
policjT*  which  was  rapidly  popularized  throughout  the  country.  Ton- 
tine mvestment  policies  were  also  devised  by  the  New  York  Life. 
These  policies,  as  a  class,  participate  in  the  surplus  of  the  company. 
But  no  dividends  are  allowed,  augmenting  the  amount  of  the  individ- 
ual policy  or  diminishing  the  cash  payments  required  during  the  ton- 
tine period  selected,  the  surplus  accruing  to  policies  of  this  form  being 
placed  to  the  credit  of  the  class  to  whicn  the  policy  belongs.  At  the 
completion  of  this  period  it  is  divided  exclusively  among  the  survivors 
of  the  class  who  have  kept  their  policies  in  force.  These  policies  as 
first  issued  contained  no  non-forfeiture  clause,  but  this  has  since  been 
incorporated.  The  company  issues  a  five-year  dividend  policy,  with 
options  of  settlement  similar  to  tontine  options  at  the  end  of  each  five- 
year  period;  also  ten -year  renewable  term  policies  and  insurance  bonds 
with  guaranteed  interest.  One  of  the  company's  latest  forms  of  policv 
issued  in  1890,  was  designated  as  *'  A  combination  term  and  life  pol- 
icy." This  policy  was  the  outcome  of  the  so-called  ordinary  life  dis- 
tribution policy,  which  was  objected  to  by  the  Massachusetts  depart- 
ment. [See  Policy  Forms,  New  York  Life.]  In  1892  the  "Accumu- 
lation Policy ''  was  issued.  The  benefits  provided  under  this  policy  can 
be  enumentted  as  follows : 

1.    The  ixuarance  payable  at  death. 

9l  Paid-up  Insarance  in  case  payment  of  premiams  is  discontinued  after  three 
years,  premiums  have  been  paid  : 

(a)  Policy  extended  for  Its  full  amount,  during  a  period  shown  therein,  If  no  re- 
quest is  made,  or, 

(b)  Policy  endorsed  as  paid-up  for  a  proportional  amount,  as  shown  therein,  if  re- 
quested within  six  months ; 

8.  Six  options  in  settlement  when  the  policy  has  been  in  force  twenty  years.  The 
period  may  be  ten,  fifteen,  or  twenty  years,  as  desired,  and  the  options  include  (a)  guar- 
anteed casa  value,  (b)  continued  insurance,  (c)  annuity  for  life,  (d,  e,  f)  combinations  of 
the  three  foregoing. 

4.    One  month's  grace  in  payment  of  premiums. 

6.  The  privilege  of  re-instatement  within  six  months  after  default  in  payment  of 
any  premium,  if  the  insured  is  in  good  health. 

6.  Gash  loans  at  5  per  cent.  Interest  after  the  policy  has  been  in  force  five  or  more 
years. 

7.  No  restrictions  of  any  Idnd  imposed  with  respect  to  occupation,  residence, 
travel,  habits  of  life  or  manner  of  death. 

8.  The  policy  incontestable  from  any  cause  after  one  year,  if  the  premiums  are  paid 

"'^'^   18*  „,„„.„„„,  Google 


258  Nbw  York  Lifb  Insubakcb  Oompakt. 

In  October,  1886,  William  H.  Been,  who  liad  gucceeded  Hiny 
Freeman  as  actuary  in  1864,  and  had  n^radually  become  a  powerful  in- 
fluence in  the  management  of  the  company,  was  elected  president  to 
succeed  Mr.  Franklin,  who  had  just  died.  A  month  later  Henry  Tuck 
was  elected  vice-president,  Archibald  H.  Welch,  second  vice-president, 
and  Rufus  W.  Weeks,  actuary.  This  official  roster  continued  up  to 
1892,  when  it  was  broken  by  the  resignation  of  President  Beers.  The 
accusations  made  against  the  management  by  a  daily  paper,  led  the 
trustees  to  call  upon  the  New  York  insurance  department  to  investi- 
gate the  condition  of  the  company.  The  result  of  the  examination, 
which  covered  a  period  of  over  six  months,  was  to  vindicate  the  sol- 
vency of  the  company  to  the  highest  degree,  while  it  censured  the 
management  for  acts  of  negligence,  which  had  caused  some  losses  to  it. 

The  superintendent  of  the  insurance  department,  commenting  upon 
the  condition  of  the  company  as  found  by  the  examiners,  said: 

The  most  Mtleftustorv  rwnlt  Appearing  in  ttaU  report,  is  the  eondnekm  reaehed, 

falii 


that  this  great  and  uaeftil  inatitntion  of  oar  atate,  whoee  baaineaa  tntweeta  and  rala- 
tioDB  extend,  and  are  beinj;  advanced  In  nearly  every  atate  of  onr  Union,  and  In  to 
many  of  the  civilized  coantries  of  the  world,  and  whoae  policy-holdera  therein  may  be 


of  a  BQrplQfl  of  available  aeMta  and  property  exceeding  it«  preeent  liability  by  the 

of  $6.(h8.186  83  accmed  npoD  its  general  accoant  and  |8,<nojS89.60  opon  ita  tontine 
accumnlation.  Such  a  reealt  was  one  moat  earnestly  deaired  by  this  departm«nt. 
Thoee  interested  may  be  aasared  that  this  conclasion  is  accurate  and  tmatworthy. 

The  resignation  of  Mr.  Beers  as  president  was  followed  by  a  re- 
organization of  the  official  staff.  The  new  administration  was  as  fol- 
lows, some  of  the  appointments  being  made  later  in  the  year  :  John  A. 
McCall,  president;  Henry  Tuck,  vice-president;  Archibald  H.  Welch, 
second  vice-president;  George  W.  Perkins,  third  vice-president:  Rufus 
W.  Weeks,  actuary;  Charles  N.  Jones,  associate  actuary;  H.  C.  Rich- 
ardson, assistant  actuary;  Edward  N.  Gibbs,  treasurer;  Hugh  S. 
Thompson,  comptroller;  0.  C.  Whitney,  secretary;  Darwin  P.  Kings- 
ley,  superintendent  of  agencies;  J.  A.  Brown,  auditor;  T.  M.  Banta, 
cashier;  A.  Huntington,  M.D..  medical  director;  8.  H.  Carney,  M.D., 
associate  medical  director;  M.  L.  King,  M.D..  assistant  medical 
director;  O.  H.  Rogers,  M.D.,  assistant  medical  director.  Under  the 
re-organization  the  trustees  now  are,  William  H.  Appleton,  C.  C. 
Baldwin,  William  R.  Grace,  William  A.  Booth,  William  F.  Buckley, 
John  Claflin,  Charles  8.  Fairchild,  Edward  N.  Gibbs.  W.  B.  Horn- 
blower,  Woodbury  Langdon,  John  A.  McCall,  Walter  H.  Lewis.  H.  C. 
Mortimer,  Richard  Miiser,  Edmund  D. '  Randolph,  Hiram  B.  Steele, 
William  L.  Strong,  Henry^  Tuck.  A.  H.  Welch,  Augustus  G.  Paine. 
The  business  of  the  New  York  Life,  from  1880  to  1892,  inclusive,  will 
appear  from  the  appended  figures,  showing  the  annual  income,  pre- 
mium receipts,  expenditures,  disbursements  to  policy-holders,  and 
assets : 


Digitized  by 


Google 


KbW  ToBK  LiFB  IkSURANCB  Ck>HFANY. 


259 


Year. 

Total 

Preininni 

Total 

Paid  Policy- 

Total 

Income. 

Receipts. 

Ezpendituree. 

Holdere. 

Assets. 

18B0 

$8,884,172 

$6,545,461 

$6,717,8n 

$4,499,981 

$43,081,142 

1881 

10,8ffl,d45 

7,884,878 

6,567,515 

6,091,820 

47.044,269 

1882 

11,494,144 

8,780,871 

7,996,188 

6,210,810 

50,650,982 

1888 

18,207,682 

10,580.940 

8,981,877 

6,699,890 

66,202,314 

1884 

13,882,752 

10.969,868 

9,726,680 

6,734,065 

58,941,789 

188S 

16,905,141 

12,480348 

10,821,520 

7,681,874 

66,516,406 

1886 

18,881,758 

15,160.469 

10,810,207 

7,627.280 

74,921,927 

1887 

21,590,846 

17,826,892 

18,825,525 

9,586,211 

82,606,864 

1888 

24,871,174 

20,660,610 

16,889,610 

10,973,070 

92,685,062 

1889 

28,880,128 

24,242,617 

17,875,960 

12,121,122 

104,415,822 

18B0 

81,488,702 

26,587,290 

19,961,868 

18,279,644 

114,096,966 

1891 

81,854,195 

26,256,275 

19,458,090 

12,671,491 

125,947,291 

1882 

81,072,492 

25,069,509 

21,790,192 

14,061,619 

137,499,199 

The  total  number  of  policies  in  force  December  81,  1880,  was 
48,584,  covering  insurance  to  the  amount  of  $185,726,910.  At  the  close 
of  1802  the  number  was  215,968,  the  amount  of  insurance  in  force 
being  (689,248,629. 

The  assets  of  the  company  in  detail,  on  December  81,  1892,  were  as 
follows : 

Real  BBtate,. $12,531,016.75 

Stocks  and  Bonds, 86,680,177.51 

Booda  and  Mortgafi;eB, 24,286,786.51 

Loans  secared  by  coUaterals, 8,916,000.00 

Premium  Loans, 1,096,850.00 

Cash  in  Office  and  In  Banks  and  Tnxst  Companies, 4,201,288.68 

Interest  and  Bents  due  and  accraed, 971,810.14 

Net  amoant  of  unooUected  and  deferred  preminms, 2,865,275.87 

Total  Assets, $187,499,196.99 

The  liabilities  on  the  same  date  were  :  reserve  or  value  of  outstand- 
ing policies  $117,858,098,  other  liabilities  (2,836,168.89,  total  liabiUties, 
$120,694,250.89. 

Tl^e  surphia  vas  $16,804,948.10. 

'*nie  income  m  detail  in  1892  was  as  follows :  premiums  received 
$35,089,508.76,  received  from  interest,  rents,  etc.,  $5,982,988.48,  total 
hicome  $81,072,492.24. 
The  disbursements  in  detail  in  1892  were  as  follows : 

Losses  Paid, $7,983,095.87 

Endowments  Paid, 1,114,801.99 

Annuities,  Dividends,  Surrender  Values,  etc., 4,984,121 .05 

Commissions, 4,058,316.60 

Acency  Szi>ense6,  PhTSiclans'  Fees,  Advertising  and  Printing, 
Taxes,  Salaries,  and  other  Expenses, 3,660,857.66 

Total  DislinrsementB $21,790,192.17 

The  number  of  policies  issued  during  1892  was  65,608.  The  new 
insurance  written  $178,157,620. 

Of  the  policy  of  the  companv  under  its  new  administration,  of  the 
encouragement  it  will  eive  to  all  who  faithfully  labor  for  its  best  good, 
of  its  future  for  its  policy-holders,  President  McCall  spoke  to  a  meet- 
ing of  its  agents  held  in  New  York,  November  11,  1892  : 

"The  last  nine  months  form  no  unimportant  part  of_the  almost 
half  century  that  makes  up  the  company's  corporate  lif  e,^ 


260     New  York  State  Asbociation  of  Fibb  Undeiiwritkbb. 

bition  possesses  me,  and  that  is  that  we  shall  continue  to  the  end  in 
furthering  all  that  is  commendable  in  management  and  in  discarding 
the  meth^s  that  bring  contumely.  Our  house  is.set  upon  a  hill  to-d^. 
Let  us  keep  the  approaches  to  it  inviting  and  free  from  pftfalls.  We 
have  been  given  in  official  language  a  certificate  of  regenerated  birth. 
and  it  behooves  you  and  me  and  all  of  us  that  by  no  act  of  ouib  shall 
the  record  be  tarnished.  We  are  all  equally  interested  that  the  mag- 
nificent position  we  hold  shall  be  maintained,  and  we  should  never  be 
tempted,  by  an  ill-ludged  expediency,  to  depart  from  the  course  where 
honor  leads.  Each  one  here,  in  his  own  way,  can  do  something  for 
the  common  ^ood  of  all  \n  jealously  guarding,  by  word  and  action,  the 
company's  fair  name.  Example  is  letter  than  all  else.  Thecompanv 
is  now,  and  will  be  hereafter,  known  as  the  one  which  is  not  depend- 
ent on  any  one  man  for  its  prosperity  and  success.  I  intend,  so  long 
as  I  am  entrusted  with  direction  and  power,  to  make  room  at  the  top 
for  those  whose  zeal  and  probity  are  conspicuous.  No  plan  or  pro- 
gramme that  argues  well  for  the  company's  good  will  be  lightly 
thought  of  because  it  did  not  have  its  origin  with  me,  and  merit  and  in- 
telligence will  move  on  apace  within  our  ranks. 

' '  We  have  grander  prospects  before  us  now  than  at  any  other  time 
in  our  history.  The  unparalleled  record  of  October,  covering  appli- 
cations for  twenty-five  million  dollars  of  new  insurance,  has  never  been 
equaled,  and  exhibits  such  a  complete  restoration  of  public  confidence 
as  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  It  is  a  complete  justification  of  the 
newer  ideas  contained  in  our  present  insurance  contracts,  and  the  liberal 
treatment  of  the  insured  that  we  offered  a  few  months  ago.  The  re- 
sponse of  the  public  is  none  the  less  gratifying  because  it  was  expected. 
It  is  an  encouragement  to  continue  in  the  determination  to  keep  this 
beyond  dispute  an  ideal  policy-holders'  company." 

New  York  Metropolitan  Board  of  Fire  Insurance  Brokers. 
This  organization  was  incorporated  December  7,  1886,  and  numbered 
116  members  at  the  time  of  the  last  report.  The  officers  are  Robert 
0.  Rath  bone,  president;  H.  Mosenthal,  vice-president;  J.  Q.  A. 
Williamson,  secretary;  John  H.  Rieger,  treasurer.      •• 

New  York  Mortgage  Insurance  Company  was  organized  in 
New  York  in  June,  1892,  to  guarantee  the  prompt  payment  of  either 
interest  or  principal  or  both  of  bonds  and  mortgages  on  selected  real 
estate.  The  cash  capital  was  fixed  at  |1,000,000  with  a  paid-up  sur- 
plus of  $250,000.  The  following  were  the  first  directors  appointed: 
Charles  T.  Barney,  William  L.  Trenholm,  Geo.  Foster  Poabody, 
Douglas  Robinson,  Jr.,  E.  W.  Goggeshall.  David  B.  Ogden,  Henry  £. 
Howland,  John  T.  Lockman,  Herbert  B.  Turner,  George  Coppell, 
Anson  W.  Hard,  H.  H.  Hollister,  Gustav  £.  Kissel,  and  Clarence 
Gary.  This  company  had  not  begun  business  when  this  volume  was 
ready  for  the  press.  The  Bond  and  Mortgage  Guarantee  Company,  a 
Brooklyn  corporation,  organized  March  29,  1892,  began  business  June 
18,  1892,  with  William  B.  Isham  as  president  and  Frank  Buley  as 
secretary.     The  capital  stock  is  $1,000,000  cash. 

New  York  State  Association  of  Local  Boards  of  Fire  Under- 
writers was  organized  by  representatives  of  local  boards  at  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  March  22,  1893,    The  constitution  states  the  purpose  of  liie 


Kbw  TOBX  StATB  SnFBByiBI170  AND  ADJUBTHra  AOBNTS.     261 

association  to  be  the  "promotion  of  hannony  in  underwriting;  the 
protection  of  our  interests  and  those  of  our  companies  in  our  eeveral 
territories,  and  the  securing  of  united  action  in  such  direction  as  may 
be  required  to  obtain  these  results." 

The  officers  chosen  for  the  first  year  were: 

Prestdent,  M.  Q.  Thomion  of  Utica;  fint  yice-presldent,  Ja8.  E.  Reed  of  Warsaw: 
second  Tioe-preeident,  J.  C.  Goodrich  of  Newbnrgh;  third  vice-president,  H.  B.  Boss  or 
Bin£;bamtoii;  secretary,  William  L.  Ford  of  Cohoes;  treasurer,  John  L.  Gctman  of 
Oloyersrille.  Bxecntive  committee,  A.  W.  Harrington  of  Troy,  D.  L.  Dodgson  of 
BaUTla,  If .  W.  Hntchins  of  Malone,  Stanley  G.  South  of  Syracuse,  Geo.  L.  Gray  of 
Ithaca. 

The  following  recommendations,  outlining  the  special  work  of  the 
association,  were  adopted  and  ordered  to  be  published: 

That  this  association  request  the  companies  of  the  state  board  to  refrain  from 
writinfi:  business  in  our  territory  except  through  their  accredited  agent  in  such  territory. 
We  hold  commissions  from  our  companies  for  certain  territories,  and  we  accepted  them 
with  the  understanding  that  that  is  to  be  our  field  for  operations,  but  ilnd  that  business 
has  been  and  is  being  written  In  New  Yorlc  covering  risks  in  our  several  fields.  We  a«k 
the  companies  to  observe  our  righta  in  this  matter,  and  thinic  tliat  upon  caref  al  consid- 
eration of  them  the  companies  will  conclude  with  us  that  the  practice  is  wrong  and  un- 
just to  their  representatives. 

That  the  companies  and  agents  work  for  securing  legislation  for  the  appointment 
of  fire  marshals  In  the  different  villages  and  cities  or  the  state,  with  power  to  inspect 
all  buildings  in  their  district  and  enforce  such  rules  and  regulations  as  will  be  necessary 
'"  better  protect  property  against  fire. 

That  agents  use  their  best  efforts  to  convince  companies  that  in  the  planting  of  dual 
agencies  in  fields  where  they  are  already  represented  they  are  doing  their  old  agent  a 
great  injustice  -------    ^' ^.__.t^-..  ,,      p..  . 

years  of  expci 
—  It  this 

ipla( 
the  risk  Is  located. 

New  York  State  Association  of  Supenrising  and  Adjusting 
Agents  was  organized  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Jul^  23,  1872,  under  the 
name  of  the  New  York  State  Board  of  Supervising  and  Adjusting 
Fire  Insurance  Agents.  The  first  ofllcers  were :  Thomas  P.  Stowell, 
president;  Charles  R.  Knowles,  first  vice-president;  James  Hendricks, 
second  vice-president;  A.  J.  Wood  worth,  secretary  and  treasurer; 
Messrs.  C.  B.  Whiting,  John  Marr,  Samuel  L.  Tolcott,  J.  K.  Dunham, 
J.  G.  Welsh,  Clinton  F.  Pai^e,  and  D.  C.  Osmun,  executive  commit- 
tee. The  first  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  in  New 
York  city  July  15,  1878.  Clinton  P.  Paige  was  elected  president  and 
L.  L.  Barney,  secretary  and  treasurer.  December  5,  lb78.  pursuant 
to  a  call  issued  by  General  Agent  Montgomery,  the  members  of  the 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  ana  New  Jersey  state  boards  met  in  New 
York  city  to  consider  a  project  for  the  consolidation  of  these  organ- 
izations under  the  title  of  "The  Atlantic  Board  Auxiliary  to  the 
National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters."  A  resolution  in  favor  of  this 
idea  had  been  adopted  at  the  meeting  of  the  national  board  executive 
committee  in  Philadelphia  during  the  prior  month.  The  opposition 
to  the  scheme,  however,  proved  of  a  decisive  character  in  the  state 
boards  concerned,  the  New  York  representatives  voting  it  down  by  an 
overwhelming  majority.  July  15,  1874,  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
association  was  held  at  Syracuse.  At  this  meeting  a  memorandum 
was  adopted  16  to  1,  that  it  was  expedient  to  reorganize  the  board 
upon  a  new  basis,  but  not  as  an  auxiliary  to  the  national  board.  A 
new  constitution  and  by-laws  and  the  present  title  were  adopted,  and  > 


to  better  protect  property  against  fire. 

That  agents  use  their  best  efforts  U 
agencies  in  fields  where  they  are  already  represented  tney  are  dotns^  their  old  agent  a 
great  injustice^  as  it  gives  the  dual  agent  a  standing  that  he  could  not  obtain  except  by 
years  of  experience. 

That  this  association  urge  upon  all  agents  in  the  state  that  in  placing  their  surplus 
business  it  be  placed  with  brother  agents  who  belong  to  the  board  in  the  field  in  which 


26d  Nichols,  Jaxbs. 

the  offlcen  elected  were:  A.  Newton  Locke,  prerident;  J.  H.  Tan 
Buren,  yicej)re8ident;  Alfred  Rowell,  secretary;  C.  B.  WhitiDe, 
Charles  R.  Knowles,  A.  J.  Woodworth.  Clinton  F.  Paige,  and  E.  T. 
Atwood,  executlTe  committee.  The  organization  is  continued  as  a 
social  body  and  a  promoter  of  the  best  interests  of  fire  insurance,  but 
the  supenrision  and  making  of  rates  is  relegated  to  the  Underwriters 
Association  of  the  State  of  New  York.  The  oflBcers  of  the  New  York 
State  Association  of  Superrising  and  Adjusting  Agents,  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting  in  1802,  were:  Clinton  F.  Paige,  president;  John  L. 
Eendig,  yice-president;  A.  T.  Howes,  of  UUca,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. The  officers  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1896,  were  C.  H. 
Van  Antwerp,  president;  L.  L.  Barney,  vice-president;  A.  P.  Howes, 
secretary. 

New  York  State  Insurance,  Sapenrision  in,  1850-1888.  Prior 
to  1859  the  comptroller  of  New  York  state  was  charged  with  the  duties 
of  insurance  supervision.  The  first  reports  were  made  in  1881,  being 
from  local  companies.  In  1848  there  were  twenty-two  insurance  com- 
panies in  the  state  exempt  by  charter  from  making  returns  to  the  comp- 
troller. It  was  not  until  1849  that  companies  from  other  states  and 
foreign  countries  were  required  to  make  annual  or  other  statements, 
except  of  premiums  received,  which  were  subject  to  state  taxation. 
In  1864,  all  insurance  companies  were  required,  under  law,  for  the  first 
time,  to  make  and  file  annual  statements  of  their  condition  and  affairs. 
The  present  insurance  department  was  established  under  act  of  April  15, 
1859,  which  became  operative  January  1,  1860.  The  superintendents 
of  insurance  have  been: 


WilliUD  Baraet, 
QeoTge  W.  MlUer, 
George  B.  Church, 
Orlow  W.  CbApman, 
William  Symth. 


John  F.  Bnnrth, 
dutrles  G.  Faimum, 
John  A.  McCall. 
Robert  A.  Maxwell, 
Jamee  F.  Pierce, 


Jan.  1%  1860-Feb.   5, 18T0. 


Feb.  6,  ISTO-May  IS,  ISTt 
May  14,  1879-Not.  98, 19n. 
Not.  29,  ISTd-^an.  81, 1976. 
Feb.  1,  lOTfr-Fcb.  »4, 18TT. 
V9b.  85, 18Tr-Apr.  ST,  1880. 
Apr.  98, 188a-Apr.  99, 1888. 
Apr.  9.%  1888~Dec  81, 1886. 
Jan.  1, 1886-Feb.  18, 1801. 
Feb.  19, 1891— 

Superintendent  Pierce  is  the  present  incumbent.  The  official  term 
is  three  years.  Michael  Shannon  is  the  first  deputjr  superintendent, 
and  Matthew  H.  Robertson  the  second  deputy  superintendent.  John 
S.  Patterson  is  actuary  of  the  department. 

Mew  York  State,  Underwriters'  Association  of.  [See  Under- 
writers Association  of  the  State  of  New  York.] 

New  York  Tariff  Association.  [See  Tariff  Association  of  New 
York.] 

Niagara  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York  was  selected  in 
April,  1892,  by  the  Caledonian  of  Edinburgh,  to  manage  its  United 
States  business,  except  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

.  Jchols.  James,  president  of  the  National  Fire  insurance  company 
of  Hartford,  is  a  native  of  Fairfield  County,  Conn.  He  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854,  and,  removing  to  Hartford  to 
practice,  was  appointed  clerk  of  the  County  Court.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  judge  of  probate  for  the  Hartford  district,  filling  two  terms, — 
last  expiring  in  1864.    While  continuing  the  practice  of  the  law  he 


NOH-FORFBITTTBR  LiFB  IhBVBANCB  LaWB.  S68 

was,  in  1867,  offered  and  accepted  the  position  of  general  aeent  of  the 
Merchants  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  which  was  subsequently 
burned  up  in  the  Chicago  fire.  ^  With  Mark  Howard,  in  1871,  Judge 
Nichols  founded  the  National,  and  was  elected  its  secretary.  He  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Howard  as  president  in  1887. 

NoB-Forfeltnre  Life  Insnrance  Laws.  No  additions  were  made 
to  non-forfeiture  laws  by  the  state  legislatures  in  1892  and  1893.  Bills 
in  varying  forms  to  establish  such  laws  were  before  the  legislatures  of 
Nebraska,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  and  Ohio,  but  were  not  successful. 
In  the  1892  Ohio  legislature  the  old  Cowgill  bill,  which  first  saw  light 
in  the  legislature  of  1888,  was  re-introduced  by  Senator  Shaw.  It 
was  not  acted  upon,  and  went  over,  under  the  rule,  to  the  second  ses- 
sion of  the  legislature  in  1893,  where  it  failed  again.  In  the  New 
York  legislature  of  1892  a  bill  introduced  by  Assemblyman  Guenther 
proposed  a  number  of  amendments  to  the  existing  law,  but  it  was 
killed  by  the  assembly  insurance  committee.  It  was  re-introduccd  in 
the  1893  legislature  by  the  same  assemblyman,  only  to  meet  the  same 
fate. 

HiBTOBT  OF  NoK-FoRFBiTUBB  Lkgiblation.  The  first  law  of  this 
kind  was  brought  before  the  le^slature  of  Massachusetts  in  1859  by 
Elizur  Wright,  then  one  of  the  insurance  commissioners  of  that  state, 
and  in  1861  the  law  was  passed.  It  provided  that  policies  of  life  in- 
surance should  not  be  foif eited  for  non  payment  of  premium,  but  that 
eighty  per  cent,  of  the  reserve  at  the  time  of  the  failure  to  pay  any 
premium  should  be  used  as  a  single  net  premium  for  term  insurance. 
In  1880  this  law  was  changed  by  the  legislature  so  as  to  compel  sur- 
render values  to  be  paid  in  cash  where  insurable  interest  had  ceased, 
and  in  otiier  cases  used  to  purchase  paid-up  insuAmce,  to  be  paid  at 
the  same  time  as  the  original  policv.  This  law  only  applied  after  two 
full  annual  premiums  bad  been  paid.  In  the  revis(on  of  1887  the  law 
was  again  changed.  The  first  law  applied  to  all  policies  issued  be- 
tween the  ninth  day  of  May,  186t,  and  the  first  day  of  January,  1881. 
The  second  applied  to  all  policies  issued  between  January  1, 18B1.  and 
April  21,  1887.  The  law  since  that  date,  applicable  to  all  policies 
issued  by  Massachusetts  companies,  is : 

Sac.  76.  All  policies  hitherto  iBsned  bv  any  domestic  life  insanmce  oompanj  shall 
be  subject  to  the  provisions  of  law  appIfcaDle  and  in  force  at  the  date  of  snch  issne. 
No  poli<nr  of  life  or  endowment  assoranoe  hereafter  issued  by  any  snch  company  shall 
e  forfeit  or  Toid  for  non-payment  of  premium  after  two  f nil  i 


valoe  of  the  policy  and  all  dividend  additions  thereon,  computed  by  the  rule  of  section 
eleven,  less  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  said  policy,  and  leas  the 
surrender  charge  provided  herein,  will  purchase  as  a  net  single  premium  for  life  or  en- 
dowment insnrance  maturing  or  terminating  at  the  time  ana  in  the  manner  provided  in 
the  original  policy  contract;  and  such  default  shall  not  change  or  affect  the  conditions 
or  terms  of  tne  policy,  except  as  regards  the  payment  of  premiums  and  the  amount 
payable  thereon.  Said  surrender  charge  shall  be  eight  per  cent  of  the  insurance  value 
of  the  policy  at  the  date  of  default,  which  insnrance  value  is  the  present  value  of  all 
the  normal  future  yearly  costs  of  insurance  which  by  its  terms  said  policy  is  exposed  to 
pay  in  case  of  its  continuance,  computed  upon  the  rate  of  mortality  and  interest  as- 
enmed  In  section  eleven.  Every  such  policy,  after  the  pavment  of  two  full  annual 
premiums  thereon,  shall  have  a  surrender  value  which  shall  be  its  net  value,  lees  the 
sarrender  charge,  and  less  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  the  said 
policy,  and  Its  holder  may,  upon  any  subsequent  anniversary  of  Its  Issue,  surrender  the 
eame  and  claim  and  recover  from  the  company  snch  surrender  value^^  ,^^^  S^ff$^4^ . 


864  KON'FOBFKITUBB  LiFB  iHSUBiiRCB  LaWB. 


that  from  the  sarrender  valoe  of  all  endowment  policies  tbe  oompAiij  may  deduct  fire 
per  cent.  On  policies  of  pnidentUd  or  Industrial  insnranoe  on  which  the  weekly 
premloms  are  not  more  than  fifty  cents  each  the  sarrender  value  in  all  cases  shall  be 
payable  in  cash.  Upon  sarrender,  on  an/  anniversary  of  its  issue,  of  a  policy  wfakb 
has  become  paid  up  after  the  payment  of  two  full  annual  premiums,  by  force  of  the 
statute  upon  default  in  payment  of  premium,  the  holder  shall  be  entitled  to  its  net  Tslue, 
payable  m  cash;  provided,  that  from  such  net  value  of  all  endowmoit  policies  tlie  com- 
pauy  may  deduct  five  per  cent.  But  no  surrender  of  a  policy  shall  be  made  without  the 
written  assent  of  the  person  to  whom  the  policy  is  made  payable.  Any  conditkm  or 
stipulation  in  the  policy  or  elsewhere,  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  section^  and  any 
waiver  of  such  provisions  by  the  assured  shall  be  void. 

Oaliforkia  enacted  in  1872  a  non-forfeiture  law,  gvnng  fonr-fiftliB 
of  the  net  value  to  purchase  temporary  insurance,  but  usine  the 
American  table  instead  of  the  actuaries .  The  law  applied  only  to 
Calif om la  companies.  In  1880  it  was  amended  so  as  to  include  com- 
panies of  other  states,  and  reads: 

8ko.  4fi0.  Bvery  contract  or  policy  of  insurance  hereafter  made  by  anv  penoo  or 
corporation  organised  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  or  under  those  of  any  other  state  or 
country,  with  and  upon  the  life  of  a  resident  of  this  state,  and  delivered  within  this 
state,  shall  contain,  unless  specifically  contracted  between  the  insurer  and  the  insared 
for  tontine  insurance  or  for  other  term  or  paid-up  insnnmce,  a  stlpalation  that  when, 
after  three  full  annual  premiums  shall  have  been  paid  on  such  policy,  it  shall  < 


become  void  solely  by  the  non-payment  of  any  premium  when  due.  its  entire  net  re- 
serve, bv  the  American  experience  mortality,  and  interest  at  four  ana  one-half  per  cent. 
yearly,  less  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  such  policv,  shall  be  applied  ov  such 
comiMuiy  as  a  single  premium,  at  such  company's  published  rates  in  force  at  the  date  of 
original  policy,  bat  at  the  age  of  the  insured  at  time  of  lapse,  either  to  the  purchase  of 
non-partfcipatlng  term  insarance  for  the  full  amount  insured  by  such  policy,  cr  upon 
the  written  application  by  the  owner  of  such  policy,  and  the  sarrender  thereof  to  each 
companjr  within  three  months  from  such  non-payment  of  premium,  to  the  purcliase  of  a 
non-participating  paid-op  policy,  payable  at  the  time  the  original  policy  would  be 
payable  if  continued  in  forces  both  kinds  of  insurance  to  be  snl^ect  to  the  same  con- 
ditions, except  as  to  payment  of  premiams,  as  those  of  the  origfnal  policy.  It  may  be 
provided,  however.  In  such  stipulation,  that  no  part  of  such  term  insarance  shall  be  dae 
or  payable,  unless  satisfactory  proofs  of  death  be  furnished  to  the  insuring  oompanv 
witnin  one  year  after  death,  ana  that,  if  death  shall  occur  within  three  years  after  enca 
non-payment  of  premium,  and  daring  such  term  of  insurance,  there  shall  be  deducted 
from  the  amount  payable  the  sum  or  all  the  premiums  that  would  have  become  due  on 
the  original  policy  if  it  had  continued  in  force.  If  the  reserve  on  endowment  polidea 
be  more  than  enough  to  purchase  temporary  insurance,  as  aforesaid,  to  the  end  of  the 
endowment  term,  the  excess  shall  be  applied  to  the  purchase  of  pure  endowment  insar- 
ance, payable  at  the  end  of  the  term,  if  the  insured  be  then  living.  If  any  life  insoranct 
corporatlou  or  company  shall  deliver  to  any  person  in  this  state  a  policy  of  insarance 
upon  the  life  of  any  person  residing  in  this  state,  not  in  conformity  with  the  provisiw 
of  this  section,  the  right  of  such  corporation  or  company  to  transact  business  in  thb 
state  shall  thereupon  and  thereby  cease  and  determine,  and  the  insurance  oommissioDn- 
shall  immediately  revoke  the  certificate  of  such  corporation  or  company  auUiorizln|E  it 
to  do  business  in  this  state,  and  publish  such  revocation,  daily,  for  the  period  of  two 
weeks,  in  two  dally  newspapers,  one  published  in  the  city  of  Ban  Frandsco,  and  Uk 
other  in  the  city  of  Sacramento.  [Amendment  approved  April  36, 1880;  took  effect  6Ptb 
day  after  passage;  repealed  conflicting  acts.] 

Maine.  The  Maine  non-forfeiture  law  was  passed  in  1877.  and 
went  into  efiFect  March  31st  of  that  year.  It  was  amended  in  1887,  and 
now  reads: 

Ssc.  91.  Every  life  insurance  policy  issued  after  March  thirty-one,  eighteen  hna- 
dred  and  8e\'enty-8even,  by  any  company  chartered  by  this  state,  which  may  he  for- 
feited for  non-payment  of  premiams.  including  all  notes  given  for  premiums  or  losn^ 
or  interest  thereon,  after  it  has  been  in  force  three  full  years,  and  which  does  not  pro- 
vide for  a  surrender  value,  at  least  equivalent  to  the  value  arising  under  the  terms  of 
this  and  the  following  section,  is  nevertheless  continued  in  force  to  an  extent  and  fori 
period  to  be  determined  as  follows,  to  wit:  The  net  value  of  the  policy,  when  the 
premium  becomes  due  and  is  not  paid,  shall  be  ascertained  according  to  the  corobmed 


pollC7i 
nowev 


NON-FOBFKITXJBB  LiFB  LsTSTmANGE  LaWB,  265 

.\  asoertained  according  to  the  rates  of  mortalltv  and  interest  aforesaid,  in  no  event, 

ever,  to  exceed  one-fourth  of  aaid  net  value,  and  In  ascertaining  said  net  value,  when 

the  preminm  is  payable  semi-annually  or  quarterly,  there  shall  be  deducted  from  the  net 
valne  of  the  policy,  aasuming  net  annual  premiums,  and  net  premiums  for  the  unpaid 
Bemi-annual  or  quarterly  installments  for  that  year  which  shall  not  be  considered  an 
indebtedness,  but  as  forborne  premiums;  what  remains,  after  deducting  any  indebted- 
neee  to  the  company  on  account  of  the  policv,  or  notes  held  by  the  company  against  the 
insured,  which  notes  shall  be  canceled,  shall  be  considered  as  a  net  single  premium  of 
temporary  insurance,  and  the  term  for  which  it  will  insure  shall  be  determmcd  accord- 
ing to  the  age  of  the  party  at  the  time  of  the  lapse  of  the  policy,  and  the  assumptions  of 
mortality  and  interest  aforesaid;  but  if  the  policy  is  an  endowment,  payable  at  a  time 
certain,  or  at  death  if  it  should  previously  occur,  then,  if  what  remains  as  aforesaid  ex- 
ceeds the  single  net  premium  of  temporary  insurance  for  the  balance  of  the  endowment 
term  for  the  full  amount  of  the  policy,  such  excess  shall  be  considered  a  net  single 
premium  for  simple  endowment,  pAyable  only  at  the  same  time  as  the  original  endow- 
ment, and  in  case  the  insured  survives  to  that  time;  and  the  amount  thus  payable  by 
the  company  shall  be  determined  according  to  the  age  of  the  party  at  the  time  of  the 
lApse  of  the  policy,  and  the  assumption  of  mortality  and  interest  aforesaid. 

Sic.  99.  If  the  death  of  the  insured  occurs  within  the  term  of  temporary  insur- 
ance  covered  bv  the  value  of  the  policy  as  determined  in  the  preceding  section,  and  if 
no  condition  or  the  insurance  other  than  the  payment  of  the  premium  has  been  violated 
by  the  insured,  the  company  shall  pay  the  amount  of  the  policy,  as  if  there  had  been  no 
lapse  of  the  premium,  anything  in  the  policy  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding;  pro- 
vided^ htnceter^  that  notice  of  tiie  claim  and  proof  of  the  death  shall  be  submitted  to 
the  company  in  the  manner  provided  by  the  terms  of  the  policy,  within  one  year  after 
the  deatn;  va^wcvided^  also^  that  the  company  may  deduct  from  the  amount  insured 
in  the  policy  the  amount  compounded  at  seven  per  cent,  a  year  of  the  ordinary  life 
premiums  at  age  of  issue,  that  had  been  forborne  at  the  time  of  the  death,  including  the 
whole  yearns  premium  in  which  the  death  occurs,  not  exceeding  five  in  number.  But 
any  such  company  may  issue  to  a  resident  of  anv  other  state  or  country  a  policy  con- 
forming to  the  laws  of  such  state  or  country,  and  not  subject  to  this  and  the  preceding 
section. 

Michigan  passed  a  non-forfeiture  law  in  1869  (laws  of  1869,  act 
No.  TT),  which  gave  three-fourths  of  the  net  value  bj  the  American 
table,  interest  four  and  a  half  per  cent.,  as  a  net  premium  for  paid-up 
whole  life  insurance,  if  applied  for  within  one  year  of  default.  This 
law  applied  to  Michigan  companies  only,  and  was  amended  in  1881  to 
read: 

8x0. 17.  No  policy  of  insurance  on  life  issued  after  this  act  shall  take  effect  by  any 
company  organized  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  shall  be  forfeited  or  become  void  by 
the  non-payment  of  any  premium  thereon  after  the  third  any  further  than  as  followb: 
The  net  value  of  the  nolicy  when  the  premium  becomes  due  and  is  not  paid  shall  be  ascer- 
tained according  to  Che  American  experience  table  rate  of  mortality  with  interest  at  four 
per  centum  per  annum.  A  surrender  charge  shall  first  bo  deducted  from  such  net  value 
on  the  following  basis,  to  wit:  From  policies  that  have  paid  three  full  years'  premiums, 
forty  percent.:  from  policies  that  have  paid  four  full  years'  premiums,  thirty-six  per 
cent.;  from  policies  that  have  paid  five  full  years'  prenuums,  thirty-two  per  cent.;  and 
so  on  in  like  manner,  decreasing  the  discount  four  per  centum  for  each  full  year's 
premium  paid,  until  the  discount  is  exhausted,  when  no  surrender  charge  shall  be  made. 
After  deducting  the  surrender  charge  from  the  net  value,  the  remainder  shall  be  con- 
sidered a  net  smele  premium  for  whole  life  non-participating  insurance,  and  the  amount 
it  will  insure  sluul  be  determined  according  to  the  age  of  the  party  at  the  time  when 
the  unpaid  premium  became  due  and  the  assumptions  aforesaid  in  regard  to  rate  of 
interest  ana  table  of  mortality.  Incase  of  any  {ndebtednesB  on  any  policy,  such  in- 
debtedness shall  be  first  deducted  from  the  net  value  remaining  after  deducting  the  dis- 
count, and  the  remainder,  if  any,  shall  be  used  as  the  net  Hingle  premium  as  aforesaid. 

Missouri.  The  Missouri  non- forfeiture  law  was  passed  in  1879 
and  was  made  to  apply  to  all  policies  issued  in  Missouri  on  and  after 
the  first  day  of  August,  1879.  It  has  since  been  amended  and  is  now 
sections  6856  to  5859,  inclusive.  By  some  blunder,  probably,  in  the 
amendment  of  section  5857,  the  standard  for  computing  paid-up  values 
was  changed  from  the  American  experience  four  and  a  half  per  cent. 
to  the  combined  experience  at  four  per  cent.,  so  that  the  extended  in- 


2M  NON-FOBFBITCBS  LiFB  InSURANOB  LaWB. 

Buraace  is  calculated  by  one  ttandard  of  mortality  and  interest,  and 
the  paid-up  values  by  another.    The  text  of  the  law  is : 

Sec.  9866.  No  policy  of  Insimnce  on  life  hereafter  iaened  by  any  life  insnrmnee 
company  aathorizea  to  do  boeineee  in  thia  atate,  on  and  after  the  first  day  of  AngaaL, 
A.X>.  1879«  shall,  after  payment  opon  it  of  two  fall  annoal  premlnma,  be  forfeited  or 
become  void  by  reason  of  the  non-payment  of  premium  thereon,  bnt  it  shall  be  sabjeci 
to  the  following  rules  of  commutation,  to  wit:  The  net  yalue  of  the  policy,  when  the 
premium  becomes  due  and  is  not  paid,  shall  be  computed  upon  the  American  experienoe 
table  of  mortality,  with  four  and  one-half  ner  cent  interest  per  annum,  and  after  de- 
ducting from  three-fourths  of  such  net  value  any  notes  or  other  indebtednesB  to  the 
company,  given  on  account  of  past  premium  payments  on  said  policy  issued  to  the  in- 
sured, which  indebtedness  shall  then  be  canceled,  the  balance  shall  be  taken  as  a  neteiiif^ 
premium  for  temporary  insurance  for  the  full  amount  written  in  the  policy,  and  the  term 
for  which  such  temporary  insurance  shall  be  in  force  diall  be  determined  by  theai^  of  the 
person  whose  life  is  insured  at  the  time  of  default  of  premium  and  the  ascumption  of 
mortality  and  interest  aforesaid;  but  if  the  policy  shall  be  an  endowmoit  payable  aCa 
certain  time,  or  at  death,  if  it  should  occur  previously,  then,  if  what  remains  as  afore- 
said shall  exceed  the  net  single  premium  of  temporary  insurance  for  the  remainder  of 
the  endowment  term  for  the  full  amount  of  the  policy,  such  excess  shall  be  conaidesred 
as  a  net  single  premium  for  a  pure  endowment  of  so  much  as  such  premium  will  par- 
chase,  determined  by  the  age  of  the  insured  at  date  of  defaulting  the  payment  of 
premium  on  the  original  policy,  and  the  table  of  mortality  and  interaet  as  afo  * ' 
which  amount  shall  be  pajd  at  end  of  the  original  term  of  endowment,  If  the  ' 
shall  then  be  alive. 

Sbc.  6667.  At  any  time  after  the  payment  of  two  or  more  full  annual  premianm, 
and  not  later  than  sixty  days  from  the  banning  of  the  extended  insurance  provided  in 
the  preceding  section,  the  legal  holder  of  the  policy  may  demand  of  the  company,  and 


the  company  shall  issue,  its  paid-up  policy,  which,  in  case  of  an  ordinary  lire  policy, 
shall  be  for  such  an  amount  as  the  net  value  of  the  original  policy  at  the  age  and  daie 
of  lapse,  computed  according  to  the  actuaries*  or  combined  experience  table  of  mor- 
tality, with  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent,  per  annum,  without  deductioi 
debtedness  on  account  of  said  policy,  will  purchase,  applied  as  a  single  premiui 
the  table  rates  of  the  company;  ana  In  case  of  a  limited  payment  life  policy, 
continued  payment  endowment  policy,  payable  at  a  certain  time,  or  at  death,  it  i 


of  lapse,  computed  according  to  the  actuaries*  or  combino ^ 

tality,  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent,  per  annum,  without  deduction  of  in- 
debtedness on  account  of  said  policy,  will  purchase,  applied  as  a  single  premium  npon 
the  table  rates  of  the  company;  ana  in  case  of  a  limited  payment  life  policy,  or  of  a 
continued  payment  endowment  policy,  payable  at  a  certain  time,  or  at  death,  it  shall  be 
for  an  amount  bearing  such  proportion  to  the  amount  of  the  original  policy  as  the  num- 
ber of  complete  annual  premiums  actually  paid  shall  bear  to  the  number  ox  such  annnal 
premiums  stipulated  to  be  paid;  provided^  that  from  such  amount  the  company  shall 


have  the  right  to  deduct  the  net  reversionary  value  of  all  indebtedness  to  the  company 
on  account  of  such  policy;  and  provided  further^  that  the  policy-holder  shall,  at  the 
time  of  making  demand  for  such  paid-up  policy,  surrender  the  original  policy,  legally 


discharged,  at  the  parent  office  of  the  company. 

Sac.  6868.  If  the  death  of  the  insured  occur  within  the  term  of  temporary  insur- 
ance covered  by  the  value  of  the  policy  as  determined  In  section  6866,  and  if  no  condi- 
tion of  the  insurance  other  than  the  payment  of  premiums  shall  hwe  been  violated  hy 
the  insured,  the  company  shall  be  bound  to  pay  the  amount  of  the  policy,  the  same  as  If 
there  had  been  no  default  in  the  payment  of  premium,  anything  in  the  policy  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding;  provided  however ^  that  notice  of  the  chdm  and  proof  of  the 
death  snail  be  submitted  to  the  company  in  the  same  manner  as  provided  by  the  terma 
of  the  policy  within  ninety  days  after  the  decease  of  the  insured;  and  provided  aiso^ 
that  the  company  shall  have  the  right  to  deduct  from  the  amount  insurea  In  the  policy 
the  amount  compounded  at  six  per  cent,  interest  per  annum  of  all  the  premiuma  thai 
had  been  forborne  at  the  time  of  the  decease,  including  the  whole  of  the  year's  pre- 
mium in  which  the  death  occurs,  but  such  premiums  shall  in  no  case  exceed  tbe  ordi- 
nary life  premium  for  the  age  at  issue,  with  interest  as  last  aforesaid.    (B.  S.  1879, 

Sbc.  6860.  The  three  preceding  sections  shall  not  be  applicable  in  the  following 
cases,  to  wit:  If  the  policy  shall  contain  a  provision  for  an  unconditional  cash  sur- 
render value  at  least  equal  to  the  single  net  premium  for  the  temporary  insurance  pix^o- 
vided  hereinbefore,  or  for  the  unconditional  commutation  of  the  policy  to  non-forfeit- 
able  paid-up  insurance  for  which  tbe  net  value  shall  be  equal  to  that  provided  tar  in 
section  5856,  or  if  the  legal  holder  of  the  policy  shall,  within  sixty  days  after  default  of 

{)remium,  surrender  the  policy  and  accept  from  the  company  another  form  of  policy,  or 
f  the  policy  shall  be  surrendered  to  the  company  for  a  consideration  adequate  in  the 
judgment  of  the  legal  holder  thereof,  then,  and  in  any  of  the  foregoing  cases,  this 
act  shall  not  be  applicable.    (K  S.  1879,  §  5986.) 

New  York.  The  New  York  non-forfeiture  law  was  passed  in 
1879,  bein^  chapter  847  of  the  laws  of  that  year,  and  was  not  changed 


NoN-FoBFBiTuiuB  LiFB  Ikbu&akce  Laws.  267 

before  the  new  code  was  adopted,  except  that  in  1885,  by  chapter  838f 
policies  issued  upon  weekly  or  monthly  payments  of  premium  were 
exempted  from  the  operation  of  the  law.    It  read: 

Sxc.  1.  Whenever  an7  policy  of  life  insuranoe  hereafter  Issued  by  any  company 
organized  or  Incorporated  under  the  laws  of  this  state,  after  being  in  force  three  fall 
years,  »hall  by  its  terms  lapse  or  become  forfeited  for  the  non-payment  of  any  premlam< 
or  of  any  note  given  for  a  premium,  or  loan  made  in  cash  on  the  policy  as  security,  or 
of  any  interest  on  such  note  or  loan,  unless  the  provisions  of  this  act  are  specifically 
waived  in  the  application,  and  notice  of  such  waiver  written  or  printed  in  red  ink  on  the 
mar|;in  of  the  face  of  the  policy  when  issued,  the  reserve  on  such  policy,  including  divi- 
dend  additions,  calculated  at  the  date  of  the  failure  to  make  any  of  the  payments  above 
deecribed,  aocordinff  to  the  American  experience  table  of  mortality,  and  with  interest  at 
the  rate  of  four  and  a  half  per  cent,  per  annum,  after  deducting  anv  indebtedness  of 
the  insured  on  account  of  any  annual,  semi-annuid,  or  oaarterly  premium  then  due,  and 
any  loan  made  in  cash  on  such  policy,  evidence  of  which  is  acknowledged  by  the  in- 
sured in  writing,  shall,  on  demand  made,  with  surrender  of  the  policy  within  six 
months  after  such  lapse,  be  taken  as  a  single  premiam  of  life  insurance  at  the  published 
rates  of  the  company  at  the  time  the  policy  was  issued,  and  shall  be  applied,  as  shall 
have  been  agreed  in  the  application  and  policy,  either  to  continue  the  insurance  of  the 
policy  in  force  at  its  full  amount,  so  long  as  such  single  premium  will  purchase  tem- 
porary insurance  for  that  amount,  at  the  age  of  the  insured  at  the  time  of  lapse,  or 
to  purchase  upon  the  same  life  at  the  same  age  paid-up  insurance  jMtyable  at  the  same 
time,  and  under  the  same  conditions,  except  as  to  payment  of  premiums,  as  the  original 
Ipolicy 'proviiled^  That  if  no  such  agreement  be  expressed  in  the  application  and  policy, 
the  said  single  premium  may  be  applied  in  either  of  the  modes  above  si>ccified,  at  the 
option  of  the  owner  of  the  policy;  notice  of  such  option  to  be  contained  in  the  demand 
hereinbefore  required  to  be  made  to  prevent  the  forfeiture  of  the  policy ;  proDi€Ud,  aUOy 
that  the  net  value  of  the  insurance  given  for  such  single  premium  under  this  section, 
computed  by  the  standard  of  this  state,  shall  in  no  case  be  less  than  two-thirds  of  the 
entire  reserve  after  deducting  the  indebtedness  as  specified;  but  such  insurance  shall 
not  participate  In  the  profits  of  the  company. 

8bc.  S.  If  the  reserve  upon  any  endowment  policy,  applied  according  to  the  preced- 
ing section  as  a  sinsle  premium  of  temporary  insurance,  be  more  than  sufficient  to  con- 
tinue the  Insurance  to  the  end  of  the  endowment  term  named  in  the  policy,  and  if  the 
insured  survive  that  term,  the  excess  shall  be  paid  in  cash  at  the  end  of  such  term,  on 
the  conditions  on  which  the  original  policy  was  issued. 

Skc.  8.  This  act  shall  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  January,  eiji^teen  hundred 
and  eighty. 

In  the  New  York  insurance  code  which  was  adopted  in  1892  the 
phraseology  of  the  law  was  somewhat  changed,  while  its  substance 
was  preserved.  The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  section  in  the 
code: 

Sbo.  8S.  Whenever  any  policy  of  life  insurance  issued  after  January  first,  eighteen 
hundred  and  eighty,  by  any  domestic  life  insurance  corporation  after  being  in  force 
three  full  years,  shall,  by  its  terms,  lapse  or  become  forfeited  for  the  non-payment  of 
any  premium  or  any  note  given  for  a  premium  or  loan  made  in  cash  on  such  policy  as 
security,  or  of  anv  interest  on  such  note  or  loan,  the  reserve  on  such  policy  computed 
acoordmg  to  the  American  experience  table  of  mortality  at  the  rate  of  four  and  one- 
half  per  cent  per  annum  shall,  on  demand  made,  with  surrender  of  the  policy  within 
six  months  after  such  lapse  or  forfeiture,  be  taken  as  a  single  premium  of  life  insur- 
ance at  the  published  rates  of  the  corporation  at  the  time  the  policy  was  issued,  and 
shall  be  applied,  as  shall  have  been  agreed  In  the  application  or  policy,  either  to  con- 
tinue the  insurance  of  ther  "'    '   " " '"   '  " "   "  * '^  "' — ' 

mium  will  I 

the  time  ol  „.^_  __  ,  ,_  _.  , „ 

paid-up  insurance  payable  at  the  same  time  and  under  the  same  conditions,  except  as  to 
payments  of  premiums,  as  the  original  policy.  If  no  such  agreement  be  expressed  in 
the  application  or  policy,  such  single  premium  may  be  applied  in  cither  of  the  modes 
above  specified,  at  the  option  of  the  owner  of  the  policy,  notice  of  such  option  to  be 
contained  in  the  demand  hereinbefore  required  to  be  made  to  prevent  the  forfeiture  of 
the  policy. 

The  reserve  hereinbefore  specified  shall  include  dividend  additions  calculated  at 
the  date  of  the  failure  to  make  any  of  the  payments  above  described  according  to  the 
American  experience  table  of  mortality  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  and  one-half 
per  cent  per  annum,  after  deducting  any  indebtedness  of  the  Instired  on  socomit  of  any 


appiiea,  as  snaii  nave  oeen  agreea  m  cue  appiicauon  or  policy,  euner  lo  con- 

» insurance  of  the  policy  in  force  at  its  full  amount  so  long  as  such  single  pre- 

111  purchase  temporary  insurance  for  that  amoimt,  at  the  age  of  the  insured  at 

of  lapse  or  forfeiture,  or  to  purchase  upon  the  same  life  at  the  same  age 


268  KOBTBXASTBRN  LiFB  InSUBAKOB  OoMPAHT. 

aonoAl  or  aemi-annaAl,  or  qimrterly  premlam  then  doe,  and  any  loan  made  in  caah  on 
aachpolicy,  evidence  of  which  is  acknowledged  by  the  insnred  In  writing. 

The  net  value  of  the  insmrance  given  for  such  single  premiom  onder  this  eectkm, 
computed  by  the  atandard  of  this  state,  shall  in  no  case  be  leas  than  two-thlrda  of  the 
entire  reserve  computed  according  to  the  rule  prescribed  in  thla  section,  after  deducting 
the  indebtedness  as  specified;  but  such  insurance  shall  not  participate  in  the  proAtB  or 
the  corporation. 

If  the  reserve  upon  any  ejidowment  policy  applied  according  to  the  proviaioifea  of 
this  section  as  a  single  premium  of  temporary  insurance  be  more  than  solAcient  to  con- 
tinue the  insurance  to  the  end  of  the  endowment  term  named  In  tlie  policy,  and  if  the 
insured  survive  that  term,  the  excess  shall  be  paid  in  cash  at  the  end  of  such  term,  on 
the  conditions  on  which  the  original  policy  was  issued. 

This  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  case  where  the  provisions  of  the  sectioD  are 
spcciflcally  waivi<d  in  the  appllcaUon  and  notice  of  snch  waiver  is  written  or  printed  in 
red  ink  on  the  margin  of  the  face  of  the  policy  wlien  iasned. 

Tliese  are  all  the  laws  regulating  the  forfeiture  of  life  injBuimnce 
policies  now  in  force,  and  the  practice  of  companies  has  rendered  their 
enactment  unnecessary  in  the  future,  if  it  erer  was  necessary  in  the 
past. 

North  British  and  Mercantile  insurance  company,  purchased  in 
July,  1802,  the  property  at  the  southwest  comer  of  Williiun  street  and 
Exchange  Place,  New  York,  as  a  site  for  its  United  States  head- 
quarters building.  It  was  expected  to  begin  the  erection  of  the 
edifice  in  May,  1894. 

North  Carolina,  Insurance  SaperriBion  In,  1874-1898.  The 
secretary  of  state  is  made  the  supervisior  of  insurance  interests  in 
North  Carolina,  under  general  statutes  of  1874r-5.  He  is  elected  by 
the  people  for  a  term  of  four  years.    The  secretaries  have  been: 

W.  H.  Howerton,  Jan.  1874-Jan.  1877. 1  William  L.  Sanndera,  Jan.  1879— April  1801. 
J.  A.  Engelhard,       Jan.  1877— Jan.  187V.  |  Octavins  Coke,  April  1801— 

Mr.  Coke  succeeded  Mr.  Saunders  upon  his  death  in  1891,  by 
appointment  of  the  governor,  and  was  elected  by  the  people  for  four 
years  from  January,  1898.  W.  P.  Batchelor  is  the  clerk  haying 
special  charge  of  insurance  matters. 

North  Dakota,  Insurance  Sapervision  in,  1888-1898.  The 
office  of  commissioner  of  insurance  in  North  Dakota  was  created  by 
the  constitutional  convention,  the  provision  therefor  bein^  made 
effective  by  act  approved  December  4,  1890.  The  commissioner  is 
elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  two  years.  In  case  of  a  vacancy 
by  reason  of  death  or  otherwise  the  governor  is  required  to  appoint 
"  by  and  with  the  approval  of  the  senate,  if  in  session." 

Prior  to  April  6,  1883,  all  insurance  business  was  done  through  the 
office  of  the  territortal  secretary.  The  supervising  officers  since  thai 
date  have  been : 

George  L.  Ordway,  Auditor,  ....  April  ft,  1883— March  11,  laSB. 
E.  W.  Cadwell.  Auditor,  "      '  ^ "■       


March  U,  1686-I^b.  18,1887. 
Feb.  18, 1887— April  1, 188B. 
April  1, 1880-Nov.  4, 1889. 
Nov.      4, 1889-Feb.      ft,  laoft. 


James  A.  Ward,  Auditor, 
J.  C.  McManima,  Auditor, 

A.  L.  Carev,  CommifHloner  of  Insurance,   .  , . 

JauioH  Cudhic,  CotunuHHioner  of  Insurance,  .  Feb.      6, 1898— 

Miss  Lorene  Allen  is  chief  clerk. 

Northeastern  Life  insurance  company  of  Manchester,  K.  H.,  w«8 
organized  in  1892  at  Berlin  Falls  as  a  mutual,  but  afterwards  reorgan> 
ized  as  a  stock  level  premium  company,  with  $100,000  capital  and 
$25,000  surplus,  with  headquarters  at  Manchester.    Leonard  P.  Foster 


waa  elected  president,  and  Frank  J.  Wills,  twentj-flye  years  with  the 
New  England  Mutoal  Life,  as  secretary  and  actuary. 

Northwestern  Hatnal  Life  insurance  company  agents  held 
their  annual  meeting  at  Milwaukee,  July  19-21,  1892.  About  200 
agents  were  in  attendance  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  J.  B. 
Carey,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  was  re-elected  president  for  the  twelfth 
time,  and  the  other  ofQcers  elected  were  L.  W.  Moody,  New  Haven, 
vice-president;  Qeo.  E.  Copeland,  Davenport,  la.,  secretary  and 
treasnrer.  Standing  committee:  John  I.  D.  Bristol,  New  York  city; 
D.  E.  Murphy,  Muwaukee;  Oliver  Williams,  Denver;  Col.  H.  A. 
Hunger,  Cedar  Rapids;  and  E.  W.  Poindexter,  Topeka.  Papers  on 
the  following  topics  were  read :  "  Utility  of  Life  Underwriters'  Asso- 
ciations," by  Henry  C.  Ayers,  Pittsburgh;  *'  The  High  Province  of  a 
Life  Insurance  Agent,"  by  Thad.  E.  Murphy,  Macon,  Ga.;  "The 
Strong  and  the  Weak  Points  of  the  Equitable.'^  by  David  Humphrevs, 
Norfolk,  Va.;  "The  Successful  Agent,"  by  L.  C.  Campbell,  Sioux 
Falls,  S.  D.;  "How  to  Use  State  Reports,"  by  J.  C.  Garland, 
Dubuque,  la.;  "A  Strict  Observance  of  Truth,"  by  W.  P.  Gannett, 
Providence,  R.  L;  "System,"  by  J.  D.  Mills.  Grand  Porks,  N.  D.; 
"  Elements  of  Success,"  by  L  C.  Pershing.  Wilkes  Barre,  Pa.;  "My 
Experience  with  Railroad  Men,"  by  Oce  B.  Jackmann,  Boone,  la.; 
*'  Solicitors  and  Soliciting,"  by  C.  A.  Stringer,  Hancock,  Mich. ;  "The 
Persistence  it  Took  to  Secure  an  Application,"  by  John  Connors, 
Denver;  "Why  and  How  I  Have  Changed  the  Opinion  of  Some 
People,"  by  J.  C.  Vigneaux,  Cedar  Rapids,  la.  Before  the  session 
closed  Secretary  Geo.  E.  Copeland  was  presented  with  a  fine  gold 
watch  by  the  members  of  the  association. 

Northwest,  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of.  [See  Fire 
Underwriters  Association  of  the  Northwest.] 

Norwalk  Fire  insurance  company  of  Norwalk,  Conn.  A  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  capital  stock  of  this  company  was  purchased 
by  the  liondon  and  Lancashire  of  Liverpool  in  February,  1892. 

Norwood^  Carlisle,  Sen.,  ex-president  of  the  Lorillard  insurance 
company  of  New  York.    [See  Death  Roll.] 

Notman,  Peter,  ex-president  of  the  Niagara  Fire  insurance  company 
of  New  York,  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  in  1820,  but  came 
to  Uds  country  when  thirteen  years  old  and  found  employment  in  a 
country  store.  In  1840  he  obtamed  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the 
Franklin  Fire  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  sent  to  New  York  by  the 
company  in  1850  to  act  as  its  local  agent.  In  1858  he  was  appointed 
assistant  secretary  of  the  Niagara  Fire,  and  in  1861,  sccretaiy.  On 
the  death  of  President  Howe  in  1880  he  was  advanced  to  the  presi- 
dency, which  office  he  held  until  1893,  when  he  resigned  on  account 
of  aavancing  vears,  but  continues  his  connection  with  the  company  as 
chairman  of  the  board  of  directors.  Mr.  Notman  has  for  many  years 
been  one  of  the  foremost  underwriters  of  the  metropolis.  He  was 
president  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  in  1882  and 
1888,  and  has  also  been  president  of  the  Tariff  Association.  He  has 
been  a  frequent  writer  on  insurance  topics. 


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iiO      Official  Changec^  in  tKBxniABCB  Companies  in  1802. 

O 

Obitnarles  for  1892.    [See  Death  Roll.] 

Official  Changres  in  Insarance  Companies  In  1892:  The  official 
changes  in  fire  and  life  insurance  companies  in  1892  were  as  follows: 

FIRE  INSURANCE   COMPANIBa 

jfitna  of  Hartford,  William  B.  Clark  elected  preeldent,  sacceeding  Jotliam  Qoodnow, 

Andrew  C.  Bayne  elected  vice-president,  Jamee  F.  Dndlej,  eeeretary,  William  fl. 

King,  first  amiatant  tecretarr.  and  B.  O.  Weeks,  second  assistant  secretarj. 
American  Fire  of  Baltimore,  WlUiam  Beeder  appointed  secretary,  sacoeeding  Daniel  C. 

Chapman,  deceased. 
American  Fire  of  New  York,  William  H.  Crollns  elected  Tice-president  and  secretarj. 
American  Fire  of  PhUadeipbia,  William  F.  WilUams  appointed  assistant  secreCarf  and 

William  I.  Dawson,  secretary  of  the  asency  department. 
Capital  Fire  of  Concord,  N.  H.,  Liman  Jackson  elected  president,  sacceedins  F.  W. 

Rollins,  resigned. 
Chicago  Insuranoe  Company  (new),  Charles  Counselman  elected  president,  J.  J.  Bear> 

don  elected  secretary. 
Citizens*  of  Cincinnati  (rammed  business),  Robert  Baynes  elected  president,  H.  S.  Mcrr- 

win,  secretary,  and  Robert  Bams,  general  manager. 
Commercial  Union  of  London,  William  T.  Kaaf  man,  assistant  United  States  manager, 

resigned. 
Commonwealth  of  New  York,  Charles  S.  Barton  elected  second  vice-president  and  sec- 
retary, William  H.  Tate  appointed  assistant  secretary. 
Corcoran  Fire  of  Washington,  D.  C,  Charles  A.  James  elected  presid^t,  succeeding 

John  T.  Lenman. 
Fire  Insorance  Companv  of  the  County  of  Philadelphia,  Charles  R.  Peck  elected  vic»- 

president,  and  Frank  W.  Crittenden,  secretary. 
Firemen's  of  New  Orleans,  Otto  Thoman  elected  president,  succeeding  I.  N.  Marks. 
Franklin  Fire  of  Philadelphia,  George  F.  Reger  elected  second  vice-president,  Robert 

H.  Wass  appointed  manager  of  agencies. 
Germania  Fire  of  New  York,  George  B.  Edwards  elected  second  vice-president. 
Qermania  of  New  Orleans,  J.  Hssslnger  elected  president,  succeeding  Herman  Zaber- 

bier,  deceased. 
Glens  Foils,  J.  L.  Cunningham  elected  president,  socceeding  Rnssell  M.  Little,  deceased. 

R.  A.  Little  appointed  secretarv. 
Grand  Rapids  Fire,  T.  Stewart  White  elected  president,  sacoeeding  S.  F.  Aspinwall, 

deceased.    J.  B.  Champlin  elected  vice-president. 
Humboldt  of  Allegheny  City,  Pa.,  John  Soling  elected  president,  saoceeding  John  A. 

Vcmer. 
Knoxville  ¥1re  of  Tennessee,  Lewis  C.  Fletcher  appointed  secretary,  succeeding  Oav 

Francis,  deceased. 
Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe,  William  S.  Warren  appointed  resident  secretary  at 

Ctiicago. 
London  Assurance  Corporation,  Charles  Lyman  Case  appointed  United  States  manager, 

succeeding  George  H.  Marks,  who  returned  to  the  head  office  at  London. 
Merchants  Mutual  of  New  Orleans,  Paol  CapdevUle  elected  president,  succeeding  PanI 

Fourchv,  resigned. 
Michigan  ¥ire  and  Marine,  Frank  H.  Whitn^  appointed  secretary,  succeeding  Eugene 

Harbeck,  resigned. 
National  Fire  of  Cincinnati,  George  W.  Pohlman  elected  president 
New  Orleans  Insurance  Association,  George  Lananx  elected  president,  succeeding  Pierre 

Lanaux,  deceased.    Charles  D.  Deleiy  appointed  secretary. 
New  York  Fire,  Augustus  Colson  elected  president,  Charles  A.  Hull,  vice-president  and 

secretary. 
Reliance  Fire  of  Philadelphia,  William  Chubb  elected  vice-president,  and  Charles  J. 

Wister,  Jr.,  secretary. 
State  Investment  of  San  Francisco,  Charles  H.  Cashing  elected  vice-president,  Charles 

M.  Blair  appointed  secretary. 
Sun  Mutual  of  New  Orleans,  Leonard  M.  Finley  elected  president,  saoceeding  James  I. 

Day,  resigned. 
Westchester  Fire,  John  Q.  Underbill  elected  vice-president,  retabiing  the  aecretsiyship. 


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Omo  ^ARMBBB  IkSURAKCB  CoMPANt.  Hi 

UFB  AND  CASUALTY  IN8URANCB  COMPAHIBS. 

American  CasoAltj  Insnmnce  and  Security  Company  of  Baltimore,  John  M.  Crane 
appointed  general  saperintendent. 


Chicago  Hatoal  life  inaarance  company  (new),  R.  J.  Bennett  elected  president,  and 
WilUam  M.  Hoyt,  eecretarr,  F.  N.  Pitman  appointed  manager. 

Equitable  Life  of  New  York,  Thomas  D.  Jordan  appointed  comptroller,  Bncceedlne  John 
A.  HcCall,  resigned.  Sidney  D.  Ripley  appointed  treasnrer,  Michael  Murray, 
cashier,  and  Francis  W.  Jackson,  auditor. 

Fidelity  and  Casualty  Company  of  New  York,  George  F.  Seward  elected  president,  suc- 
ceeding William  M.  Richards,  deceased. 

Home  Life  of  New  York,  George  H.  Ripley  elected  president,  sncceedingCharles  A. 
Townsend,  resigned.  George  E.  Ide  elected  vice-president,  and  Ellis  W.  Gladwin, 
aecretanr. 

Imperial  Life  of  Detroit.  H.  P.  Cristy  elected  president,  succeeding  S.  F.  Angus,  resigned. 
C.  A.  Gower  elected  vice-president,  Thomas  Berry,  secretary,  and  J.  J.  Oliver,  gen- 
eral manaeer. 

Metropolitan  Life,  George  H.  Gaston  elected  vice-president  and  secretary. 

Michi^m  Mutual  Life,  J.  W.  Dusenbnry  appointed  financial  manager. 

Mntuiu  Life  of  Kentucky,  George  W.  Morris  elected  vice-president,  succeeding  Judge 
tioodloe,  deceased. 

New  York  Life,  John  A.  McCall  elected  president,  succeeding  William  H.  Beers, 
resigned.  Hugh  A.  Thompson  elected  comptroller,  George  w.  Perldns,  third  vice- 
prendent,  C.  C.  Whitney,  secretary,  Darwin  P.  Klngsley.  superintendent  of 
agencies,  Charles  N.  Jones,  associate  actuary,  Edward  N.  Gibbs,  treasurer,  J.  A. 
ravuson  appointed  general  manager  for  Great  Britain,  succeeding  Thomas  Craw- 
ford resigned. 

Northwestern  Mutual  Life,  J.  C.  Crawford  appointed  assistant  actuary,  succeeding 
Charles  N.  Jones. 

Union  Mutual  Life,  Samuel  S.  Boyden  appointed  actuary. 

United  States  Industrial  of  Newark,  F.  B.  Mandeville  elected  president 

Vermont  USe,  C.  M.  Spaolding  elected  president,  succeeding  W.  H.  Hart,  resigned. 
J.  H.  Robinson  elected  vice-president  and  manager. 

Ogden,  Henry  Y^  resident  secretary  of  the  soutbem  department 
of  llie  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe,  was  born  October  15, 1822,  in 
Waddington,  N.  Y.  He  began  his  business  career  in  a  commission 
house  in  Montreal  in  1840,  and  in  1846  settled  in  New  Orleans.  He 
was  for  several  years  a  clerk  in  the  Bun  office,  and  remained  there 
until  he  was  appointed  resident  secretary  of  the  Liverpool  company  in 
1853.  In  1861  Mr.  Ogden  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  1865.  On  his  return  to  New  Orleans  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  Crescent  Mutual  insurance  company,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  1879  to  again  accept  the  resident  secretaryship  of  the 
Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  for  the  southern  department.  Mr. 
Ogden  is  identified  closely  with  the  religious  and  charitable  life  of 
New  Orleans. 

Ohio  Farmers  insurance  company  of  Le  Roy,  O.,  a  mutual  com- 
pany, doing  an  agency  business  on  the  stock  plan  in  eleven  states, 
being  in  embarraswd  circumstances  in  October,  1802,  consequent  upon 
ao  examination  of  its  condition  by  the  Ohio  insurance  department, 
offered  its  stock  risks  to  several  companies  for  re-insurance.  They 
were  taken  by  the  Western  of  Toronto,  American  Central,  Rockford, 
and  other  companies.  The  Illinois  and  Michigan  insurance  depart- 
ments revoked  the  license  of  the  company  in  November.  Buit  for  a 
receiver  was  begun  November  12,  by  R.  B.  Wasson  of  Medina  County, 
C,  a  policy-holder,  who,  in  his  complaint,  charged  the  officers  with 
misoondact  in  the  investment  of  the  funds  of  the  company.  At  the 
request  of  the  Ohio  superintendent  of  insurance,  the  attorney-general 
ol  that  state  wrote  an  opinion  as  to  the  legal  status  of  the  company. 


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^^  Omo,  Ikburakcb  Si^prbvibioIi  m. 

He  decided  that  the  company  might  issue  policies  on  the  cash  preminni 
plan,  as  proyided  in  its  charter.  While  for  laclc  of  assets  it  had  lost 
the  right  to  issue  polices  on  the  stock  plan,  it  retained  its  origtn^ 
charter  power  to  issue  mutual  policies  on  the  cash  premium  plan. 
Soon  after  the  above  opinion  was  filed  the  company  applied  to  the 
insurance  department  for  a  license  to  transact  business  as  a  mutual 
company,  and  a  license  was  so  issued. 

Ohio  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  In  part  one  of  the  twenty- 
fifth  annual  report  of  the  superintendent  of  Ohio,  dated  February  15, 
1892,  it  was  recorded  that  the  following  fire  insurance  companies  ^^ere 
admitted  to  do  business  in  the  state  during  the  preceding  department 
year:  Albany,  Oranite  State,  Queen  of  New  York,  Manchester  Fire, 
and  Electric  Mutual  of  Boston.  Three  casualty  companies  were  ad- 
mitted, the  American  Employers  Liability,  New  York  Plate  Glass, 
and  St;  Paul  Gkrman  Accident.  Seventeen  fire  and  one  live  stock 
company  withdrew.  In  addition  seven  Ohio  fire  companies  re-insured 
and  retired,  being  the  Amazon.  Aurora,  Enterprise,  Farmers  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Farmers  of  Dayton,  United  Manufacturers  of  Cleveland,  and 
Western  of  Cincinnati. 

The  superintendent  referred  to  the  unsatisfactory  condition  of  the 
business  of  fire  insurance,  and  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  vv^bile 
the  enormous  and  increasing  fire  losses  during  the  last  few  years  ^w^er^ 
in  a  large  measure  chargeable  with  this  condition  of  affairs,  the  com- 
panies themselves  were  also  responsible  by  reason  of  the  methods 
pursued  in  the  transaction  of  their  business,  involving  inadequate 
rates,  insufficient  inspection  of  risks,  and  various  other  departures 
from  the  principles  of  insurance.  The  superintendent  said  that  le^s- 
lation  was  a  factor  in  bringing  about  the  situation,  and  recommended 
that  it  should  be  favorable  mstead  of  antagonistic  to  the  business.  It 
was  suggested  that  the  laws  of  Ohio  relating  to  mutual  fire  insurance 
companies  be  so  amended  as  to  eliminate  the  feature  providing  for  an 
unwritten  contingent  liability  in  certain  cases.  The  old  charter  com* 
panics  and  the  effort  made  for  their  supervision  by  the  insurance 
department  were  discussed  at  some  length. 

Part  two  of  the  report  was  dated  May  1.  But  one  life  insurance 
company  was  admitted  durins  the  year,  the  Life  Indemnity  and  Invest- 
ment of  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It  was  staled  that  the  applications  of  the 
Life  Insurance  Clearing  Company  of  St.  Paul  and  the  Vermont  Life 
of  Burlington  for  admission  were  rejected,  but  no  reasons  were  given. 
Two  life  companies,  the  Commercial  Alliance  of  New  York  and  Im- 
perial of  Detroit,  ceased  to  do  business  in  the  state. 

The  receipts  of  the  department  for  the  year  ending  December  81, 
1891,  were  $61,809.76,  and  the  expenditures  $13,571.68. 

Ohio,  Insurance  Sapervision  in,  1867-1893.  By  act  approved 
April  15, 1867,  the  auditor  of  state  in  Ohio  was  charged  with  insurance 
supervision.  March  12,  1872,  an  act  was  passed  establishing  a  state 
insurance  department,  under  a  superintendent  of  insurance  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  governor  for  a  term  of  three  years.  The  auditors  ^who 
discharged  the  duties  of  supervising  officer  were  James  H.  Godman 
and  James  Williams.  The  superintendents  since  the  organization  of 
the  department  have  been: 


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OVBRHBAD   WrITIKO.  278 

William  F.  Cbarch, Jane  8, 187*— June  2, 1875. 

W.  D.  HiU^. June  8,  lero-^une  8, 1878. 

Joeeph  F.  Wright, June  2, 1878--June  2, 1881. 

Chanes  H.  Moore, June  2, 1881— June  2, 1884. 

Henry  J.  Reinmond, June  2, 1884— June  2, 1887. 

Samuel  B.  Kemp, June  2, 1887— June  8, 1890. 

WUliam  H.  Kinder, June  8, 1890-^une  8, 1808. 

William  M.  Hahn June  8, 1888— 

The  chief  clerk,  or  deputy  superintendent,  of  the  department  ia  Thad. 
R.  Fletcher. 

Oklahoma,  Ingarance  SaperTision  in,  1890-1898.  Under  the 
territorial  law  the  secretary  of  the  territory  is  ex  officio  commissioner 
of  insurance.  The  law  authorizing  the  department  went  into  effect 
December  34,  1890.  The  headquarters  are  at  Guthrie,  and  the  present 
secretary  is  Robert  Martin.  The  statute  does  not  provide  for  the 
appointment  of  a  deputy.  J.  C.  Omer  holds  the  position  of  chief 
clerk  in  the  office. 

Oregron,  Insurance  Superfision  in,  1887-1898.  The  secretary 
of  state  in  Oregon  is  ex  officio  insurance  commissioner  under  the  legis- 
lative act  of  1^.  The  secretary  is  elected  by  the  people  and  his  term 
is  for  four  years,  the  original  term  having  begun  in  1887.  George  W. 
McBride  was  the  first  commissioner.  He  was  re-elected  and  began  his 
second  term  January  14,  1891,  which  will  be  concluded  January  8, 
1896.  The  clerk  in  charge  of  the  insurance  department  is  Edmond  C. 
Giltner. 

Oregon  Fire  and  Marine  insurance  company  of  Portland,  ors^n- 
ized  in  1881,  ceased  to  do  business  in  May,  1892.  The  St.  Paul  Fire 
and  Marine  insurance  company  re-insured  the  California  risks,  and  the 
remainder  were  taken  by  the  Connecticut  Fire  of  Hartford. 

Orerhead  Writing;  a  term  applied  to  the  writing  of  fire  insurance 
in  the  home  offices  of  companies,  on  risks  situated  in  places  where 
they  have  agents,  and  independent  of  these  agents.  Resolutions  intro- 
duced in  the  annual  meeting  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association, 
in  March,  1892,  requesting  the  companies  to  discontinue  the  practice 
[see  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association]  were  defeated.  After  the 
meeting  Mr.  Stockdell  of  Atlanta,  general  agent  of  the  Phenix,  made 
an  effort  to  secure  the  signatures  of  companies  to  the  following  pledge: 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  local  aji^te  throufrhont  this  field  arc  very  justly  com- 
plaining: because  the  recent  meeting  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association  failed  to 
adopt  a  resolution  pledging  the  companies  not  to  write  business  any^ihere  in  the  terri- 
tory over  the  heads  of  their  local  agents,  and,  whereas  the  general  impression  prevails 
that  such  action  would  not  be  proper  legislation  for  the  association,  I  now  propose  that 


d  not  be  proper  legislation  for  the  association,  I  now  propose  that 
each  company  make  a  voluntary  pledge  that  they  will  refrain  from  writing  any  business 
in  the  territory  and  over  the  heads  of  any  of  their  local  agents  in  this  field.  I  believe 
thia  sentiment  will  prevail  unanimously.    If  you  are  willing  to  make  the  pledge,  will 


you  kindly  sign  the  enclosed  agreement  and  mail  same  to  me  f  The  action  of  the  asso- 
ciation requiring  agents  not  to  represent  any  companies  paying  exceeding  fifteen  per 
cent,  commission  will  go  into  effect  on  the  first  proximo,  and  on  that  day  I  will  turn 
over  to  the  executive  committee  of  the  association  all  the  pledges  received,  so  that  they 
may  certifv  the  same  to  all  of  the  agents  in  this  field.  I  believe  that  such  a  course  on 
the  part  of  the  companies  is  due  the  local  agents,  and  am  sure  that  very  few,  if  any, 
will  refuse  to  sign  this  voluntary  pledge. 

The  volnntarv  pledge  is  as  follows:  *'  The Insurance  company  vol- 
untarily pledgee  to  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association,  that  on  and  after  the  first  day 
of  May,  1808,  they  wUl  not  write,  or  cause  to  be  written,  any  business  in  the  territory  of 
that  aasodation  over  the  heads  of  their  local  agents,  without  first  having  obtained  the 
agent^s  consent  thereto.  This  does  not  apply  to  railroad  insurance  as  already  defined 
by  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association.'' 


18 


c>^ 


d74  Pacific  Inburakcs  Chiok. 

The  nMuU  of  Mr.  StockdeU's  labors  appeared  iD  the  following  oom- 
munication  which  he  sent  to  Secretary  Tupper,  dated  May  20,  1802: 

Herewith  please  find  volantary  pledgee  from  the  following  insurance  companin  In 
regard  to  not  writing  boaineee  over  the  heads  of  their  agents  In  the  territory  of   the 
South  Bastem  Tariff  Association,  without  first  having  obtained  their  consent  thereto: 
Imperial,  of  England,  Home  Protection,  of  Alabama, 

Sonthem,  of  New  Orleans,  Westchester  Fiie, 

New  Yoric  Underwriters'  Agency,  Providence- Washington, 

Hartford  Fire,  Northern,  of  England, 

Central  Citv,  of  Alabama,  British  America, 

American  Fire,  New  York,  Norwich  Union, 

Mechanics*  and  Traders*,  N.  O.,  Orient,  of  Hartford, 

Springfield  Fire  and  Marine,  Delaware  Insurance  Company, 

Royiu,  of  Livenpool,  Fire  Association,  Pa. 

Lancashire,  of  England,  Georgia  Home, 

iiBtna,  of  Hartford,  Phemx,  of  Brooklyn, 

American  Fire,  Greenwich  Insurance  Company, 

Hambnig-Bremen.  New  Orleans  Insurance  Aasociatloo, 

Crescent,  New  Orleans,  Syndicate  Insurance  Company, 

State  Investment,  western,  of  Toronto, 

Insurance  Company  of  North  America,        Home,  of  New  York, 
NiasAra  Fire,  of  New  York,  Commercial  Union. 

Son  Mutual,  of  New  Orleans, 

I  also  enclose  letten*  from  the  following  companies,  which  I  construe  to  be  as  good 
as  a  pledge:  Scottish  Union  and  National,  Lion,  Pennsylvania  Fire  insurance  compapy. 
Phoenix  of  Hartford.  Guardian  of  London,  German- American  of  N.  Y.,  It  Emory  W^ar- 
fleld.  Continental  of  New  York.  I  also  enclose  a  circular  from  Manager  Morriis 
of  the  Oneen,  which  is  a  characteristic  document,  undoubtedly  drawn  out  by  my  <:iTcn> 
lar  of  tne  6th  instant,  in  regard  to  these  pledges.  The  pledges  above  referred  to  are 
voluntary,  and  are  made  to  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association  in  behalf  of  the  com< 
panics  signing  them.  I  would,  therefore,  request  that  they  be  filed  in  your  archivee  as 
an  evidence  or  good  faith  of  the  signers. 

Under  date  of  April  29,  1892,  the  Continental  of  New  York  issued 
a  circular  to  its  agents  recalling  the  fact  that  it  had  informed  them  iu 
November  previous  that  it  would  not  do  overhead  writing,  and  adding: 
"The  recent  action  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association,  in  refua- 
ine  to  adopt  a  rule  for  your  protection  in  this  important  matter,  having 
left  our  agents  in  doubt  as  to  the  position  of  some  of  their  companies, 
we  again  send  you  this  circular  reaffirming  our  position." 

Owen,  E.  Boger,  manager  of  the  fire  department  of  the  Commercial 
Union  of  London,  at  the  home  office,  was  born  in  Wales  in  1850,  and 
received  his  early  insurance  train  ing  in  the  Liverpool  office  of  the  Alliance 
of  London.  He  was  made  manager  of  the  North  of  England  branch 
of  that  company,  and  afterwards  was  transferred  to  the  London  office. 
In  1885  he  accepted  his  present  position. 


Paciflc,  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of.  [See  Fire  Under- 
writers Association  of  the  Pacific] 

Paciflc  Insurance  Union :  Dissensions  in  the  Union,  which  had 
been  smouldering  for  some  time,  brolce  into  open  eruption  in  the 
latter  part  of  1892,  and  the  Northwestern  National  of  Milwaukee,  on 
the  claim  that  the  organization  had  failed  to  adopt  certain  promised 
reforms,  sent  in  a  letter  of  resignation,  givine  the  required  thuly  days' 
notice.    Then  the  Home  of  New  York  and  Phoenix  of  Hartford,  which 


Digitized  by 


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Pacific  Inbubancb  Uniok.  275 

joined  the  Union  with  the  an(|erstand]ng  that  if  any  member  with- 
drew tbey  would  do  the  same,  gave  similar  warning.  Later,  the  Conti- 
nental of  New  York  wired  its  San  Francisco  representative  to  give  the 
thirty  days'  notice.  Meanwhile,  a  vigorous  effort  was  being  made  inside 
the  organization  to  prevent  the  impending  disruption.  A  delegation, 
compoeed  of  Manager  Du  Val,  and  Qeneral  Agent  BtiUman  of  the  Orient 
(who  was  Mr.  Du  Y aVs  predecessor  as  manager),  was  sent  east,  to  Mil- 
waukee, to  confer  with  President  James  of  the  Northwestern,  and 
endeavor  to  arrange  terms  by  which  the  company  would  remain  in  the 
organization.  At  this  conference,  which  was  held  December  7,  1892, 
President  James  presented  the  following  as  his  company's  * '  ultimatum" : 

The  Northwestern  National  will  instnict  Mr.  Tnmer,  its  San  Francisco  manager, 
to  re-enter  the  Pacific  Insarance  TJnion  if  the  committee  will  guarantee  to  carry  out  the 
following: 

jF%r«<— That  aalaried  ageDtJi  will  he  done  away  with  and  all  companies  placed  on 
the  aame  baaiB  as  lefluds  commiflsion. 


f— That  We  credit  amendment  to  the  constitution  will  be  arran^c<l  so  that 
may  agent  who  does  not  remit  to  all  his  companies  within  thirty  days  after  me  clothe  of 
the  month  shall  he  discharged  by  all  the  companies  he  represents. 

7*Air<f — That  in  the  event  of  the  above  not  being  faithfully  and  truly  lived  up  to 
any  company  can  withdraw  without  censure. 

These  terms  formed  the  basis  of  a  new  agreement,  to  which  all  the 
members  ultimately  assented,  the  withdrawing  companies  resumed 
their  membership  and  harmony  was  restored. 

The  Pacific  Insurance  Union  was  organized  by  officers  and 
managers  of  fire  insurance  companies  doing  business  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  in  May,  1884.  [For  histoiy  of  the  early  years  of  the  association 
see  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for  1891.]  The  first  oflScers  of  the  Pacific 
Union  were:  Charles  R  Story,  president;  A.  £.  Magill,  vice-president; 
Charles  D.  Haven,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  present  oflScers  of  the 
organization,  who  were  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1893, 
are:  H.  R.  Mann,  president;  William  R.  Dutton,  vice-president;  A.  R. 
Ourrey,  auditor;  Charles  D.  Haven,  secretary  and  treasurer;  H.  R. 
Mann,  W.  J.  Dutton,  J.  W.  G.  Cofran,  Rolla  V.  Watt,  George  F. 
Grant,  W.  J.  Callingham,  N.  T.  James,  and  E.  W.  Carpenter,  ezecu- 
tive  committee.  The  general  manager  for  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union 
is  W.  8.  Du  Val.  His  resignation  to  accept  the  Pacific  Coast  manage- 
ment of  the  Continental  was  announced,  as  this  volume  was  about  to 
go  to  press. 

The  Jurisdiction  of  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union  covers  California, 
Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho,  Nevada,  Montana,  Utah,  and  Arizona; 
and  it  exercises  Joint  Jurisdiction  with  the  western  Union  over 
Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Wyoming,  through  a  compact  manager 
appointed  by  a  Joint  committee  of  the  two  organizations.  The  enure 
jurisdiction  of  the  first  named  states  is  covered  by  the  surveying 
department.  All  rates  are  made  by  the  department.  Changes  in 
rating  and  new  ratings  are  published  bv  slips  to  members  and  local 
agents  immediately  upon  completion  of  the  visit  of  a  surveyor  to  a 
looEdity.  Due  recognition  is  made  in  specially  rating  towns  for  ini- 
provea  facilities  in  extinguishing  fires,  improvements  in  water  supply 
and  fire  departments  in  towns  already  specially  rated  are  promptly 
recognized  by  a  decrease  in  existing  rates.  Daily  reports  of  all 
policies  issued  are  presented  for  examination  and  approval  at  the 
yarious  offices  of  the  Union,  and  the  same  action  is  taken  with  accounts 


ogle 


276 


Paiob's  Inburancb  Agenct. 


current.  The  number  of  enclosures  received  for  examination  at  the 
San  Francisco  office  in  1892  amounted  to  some  650,000.  The  ex- 
amining departments  of  the  Portland  and  Salt  Lake  City  offices  do  a 
large  amount  of  similar  work.  The  field  supervised  by  the  Pacific 
Insurance  Union  is  divided  into  three  districts,  known  as  districts 
"A."  "B,"  and  "C."  District  A  comprises  California,  Nevada,  and 
Arizona;  district  B,  Oregon  and  Washington;  and  district  C,  Ulab, 
Idaho,  and  Montana.  The  expenses  of  the  Union  are  defrayed  by 
assessments  levied  upon  members,  based  upon  the  net  business  trans- 
acted by  the  companies  in  the  different  districts.  These  assessments, 
however,  under  the  provisions  of  the  constitution,  cannot  exceed  one 
per  cent,  of  the  net  premium  income.  Local  boards  have  been  formed 
under  the  constitution  of  the  Pacific  Insurance  Union,  at  Portland, 
Seattle,  Butte,  Mont.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Ogden,  Los  Angeles,  Oakland, 
Stockton,  Sacramento,  and  Spokane,  but  they  do  not  fix  rates. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  companies  represented  in  the  Pacific 
Insurance  Union: 

J^.tna. 

Agricultnral. 
Allemannia. 
Alliance,  London. 
Anierican  CiMitral. 
AmcricAn,  Philadelphia. 
American,  New  York. 
American,  New  Jersey. 
American,  MaHsachuPctts. 
Atlas,  liOndon. 
Baloise,  Switzerland. 
Boylston,  MaHj»HChu»ettB, 
BoHalo  German. 
Brill sh  America. 
Caledonian. 
Commercial  Union. 
Connecticut. 
Continental. 
Delaware. 
Economic,  London. 
Farragut,  New  York. 
Fire  Aseociation,  Phila. 
Fireman's  Fund. 
Firemans',  Baltimore. 
Fireman's,  Newark. 
Franklin,  Phila«lelphia. 
German- American . 
Gennan,  Pittsburjjh. 
Germania,  New  York. 
Germauia,  New  Orleans. 
Glens  Falls,  New  York. 
Glrard  F.'and  M.,  Phila. 
Granit«  State. 
Greenwich,  New  York. 
Giurdian,  London. 
Hamburg-Bremen. 

Paige,  John  C,  Insurance  Agency,  at  No.  20  Kllby  street,  Boston, 
occupies  the  entire  building,  a  massive,  wide  front,  five  stories  and 
basement  structure,  supplied  with  all  appliances  to  specially  adapt  it 
to  the  proper  care  of  the  large  business  there  centered.  On  tbe 
.atreet  floor,  which  opens  directly  from  the  sidewalk,  is  the  city 
department  for  the  fire  insurance  agency  and  general  insurance 
brokerage  business.     On  the  second  floor  is  the  general  agency  depart- 


I  nambnrg-Magdebarg. 

HartfonlFire. 

Helvetia  Swiss. 

Home,  New  York. 
I  Home  Mutual,  California. 
I  Imperial,  Ix>ndon. 
I  Ins.  Co.  of  No.  America. 

Ins.  Co.  State  Pa. 

Lancashire. 

Lion,  I^ndon. 

Liv.  and  Lon.  and  Globe. 

London  and  Ijancashirc. 

London  Assurance. 

Mag(iebnrg. 

Manchester  Fire. 

Mfgrs.  and  Build's,  N.  Y. 

Merchants',  New  Jerwy. 

Michigan  Fire  and  Marine. 

National,  Hartford. 

National,  Ireland. 

Newark,  N.  J. 

New  Hampshire. 

New  York  Bowery. 

N.  Y.  Underwriters. 

New  Zealand. 

Niagara,  New  York. 

No.  British  and  Mercantile. 

North  German,  Hamburg. 

Northern.  London. 

Northwestern  National. 

Norwich  rnion. 

Oakland  Home. 

Oregon  F.  and  M. 

Orient,  Hartford. 

Pacific,  New  York. 


Palatine. 

Patriotic,  Dublin. 
Pennsylyania  Fire. 
People's,  N.  H. 
Phenix,  Brooklyn, 
Phcenix,  Conn. 
Phoenix,  l/ondon. 
Prussian  National. 
Pro  vidence- Washington . 
Queen,  New  York. 
Reading  Fire,  Pa. 
R.  I.  Underwriters. 
Rochester  German. 
Royal  Exchange. 
Royal. 

Scania,  Malmo. 
I  Scottish  Union  and  Nafl. 
Security,  New  Haven. 
Southern,  New  Orleaoi^ 
Springfield,  Maf«, 
Spring  Garden. 
St.  Paul,  F.  and  M. 
Sun,  London. 
Sun,  California. 
Svea,  Gothenburg. 
Teutonia,  N.  O. 
Traders',  Chicago. 
Transatlantic. 
Union,  Philadelphia. 
I'nion,  Ivondon. 
United  Firemen's. 
United  States,  N.  Y. 
Westchester,  N.  Y. 
Western,  Toronto. 
Williamsbnrgh  City. 


Pattison,  Jokn  M.  277 

ment;  the  third,  the  cashier,  book-keepers,  special  agents,  and  corres- 
pondence files;  fourth,  liability,  casualty,  and  accident  department,  also 
the  private  ofllces  of  Mr.  Paige;  vhile  on  the  fifth  floor  is  the  reading 
room  and  clerks'  lunch  room,  supply  room,  and  engineers  and  surveyors 
rooms.  The  business,  combining  as  it  does  the  extensive  interests  of 
a  broker  in  fire,  liability,  accident,  general  casualty,  and  transportation 
iDsurance,  the  local  agency  of  large  and  important  companies,  and  the 
United  States  branch  of  the  Imperial  of  London,  requires  all  the 
bousing  that  thia  splendid  structure  gives  it.  Upwards  of  one  hundred 
persons  are  employed  in  the  business  of  this  agency.  The  various 
floors  are  connected  by  an  elevator  as  well  as  by  stairs,  making  com- 
munication easy  from  one  floor  to  the  other,  and  putting  th^  whole 
business  under  complete  and  constant  supervision  by  the  heads  of  the 
various  departments. 

Paige,  John  C,  is  a  native  of  the  state  of  New  Hampshire,  where 
his  boyhood  was  passed  as  clerk  in  a  country  store  with  an  insurance 
aonez.  About  1865  he  went  into  the  insurance  agency  business  on 
his  own  account  at  Claremont,  N.  H.  Four  years  later  he  abandoned 
the  country  agency  for  field  work  as  special  agent,  and  afterwards 
as  general  agent  of  the  Karragansett  Fire  and  Marine  insurance  com- 
pany of  Providence,  R.  I.  In  1878,  Mr.  Paige  having  received 
the  appointment  of  New  England  manager  of  the  Franklin  Fire  of 
Philadelphia,  established  his  headquarters  at  Boston,  and  to  the 
general  agency  he  added  a  local  fire  insurance  agency  and  a  brokerage 
bu&iness,  which  in  time  became  very  large.  During  the  vears  which 
followed,  Mr.  Paige  was  United  States  manager  for  the  Metropole  of 
Paris,  the  Reassurances  Generales  of  Paris,  the  City  of  London  Fire, 
aod  the  Imperial  Fire  of  London.  He  retains  the  control  of  the  last 
Darned  company.  His  experience  has  been  varied  and  extended  to 
every  department  of  fire  underwriting,  but  during  the  past  twenty 
years  has  centered  mostly  in  the  upbuilding  of  a  large  local  business 
and  the  management  of  the  Imperial. 

Palatine  insurance  company  of  Manchester,  Fng.,  reinsured  the 
entire  outstanding  business  of  the  City  of  London  Fire  in  April,  1892. 
The  Palatine  entered  the  Pacific  coast  states  for  business  in  1891,  and 
in  December,  1892,  was  authorized  to  do  business  in  the  state  of  New 
York.  This  was  followed  by  its  absorption  of  the  business  of  its 
sister  company,  the  United  Fire  of  Manchester,  which  it  replaced  in 
thij  states  in  \vhich  the  United  Fire  had  agencies  and  it  extended  its 
own  agencies  into  others.  Besides  $200,000  deposited  with  the  insur- 
ance department  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  the  Palatine  also  placed  $500,000 
in  the  custody  of  its  United  States  trustees,  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Ash- 
bel  Green,  and  Gen.  Louis  Fitzgerald.  A  New  York  board  of  directors 
was  appointed,  composed  of  David  A.  Lindsay,  Charles  Alexander, 
Robert  W.  fc^tuart,  and  Gen.  Louis  Fitzgerald.  The  following  were 
appointed  to  be  resident  managers  throughout  the  country:  For  the 
eastern  and  middle  states,  William  Wood,  New  York;  for  the  Pacific 
coast,  Charles  A.  Laton,  San  Francisco;  for  the  western  department, 
George  M.  Fisher,  Chicago;  for  the  southern  department,  L.  M. 
Finley,  New  Orleans, 

Pattison,  John  M.,  president  of  the  Union  Central  Life  insurance 
company  of  Cincinnati,  was  born  in  Clermont  county^  O.,  June  lf^|^ 


278  Pbnm  Mutual  Aobnct  AsaociA^rioH. 

1847.  He  entered  the  Union  army  at  tbe  a^e  of  sixteen,  in  1864; 
graduated  from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  in  1869;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Cincinnati,  in  1872 ;  elected  to  the  state  legislature  from  Hamil- 
ton county  in  1878;  was  attorney  for  the  committee  of  safety  of  CMncin- 
nati  in  1874  to  1876:  was  elected  vice  president  and  manager  of  the  Union 
Central  Life  in  1881  and  president  in  1891 ;  was  elected  state  senator 
in  February,  1890,  and  to  the  Fifty-second  congress  in  the  following 
autumn. 

Patriotic  insurance  company  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  began  fire  Insur- 
ance business  in  the  Pacific  coast  states  in  May,  1893.  Tbe  United 
Bti^s  managers  appointed  were  Okell,  Donnell  &  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

Paulding,  Tatnall,  president  of  the  Delaware  insaranoe  company 
of  Philadelphia,  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  where  he  was  bom  in  1840, 
and  was  the  son  of  Rear  Admiral  Paulding  of  the  navy,  as  well  as 
grandson  of  the  famous  Paulding  who  was  one  of  the  captors  of 
Major  Andre.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war.  Colonel  Paoldiog 
enlisted  in  the  7th  regiment  of  New  York  and  went  to  the  front. 
Afterwards,  he  received  a  commission  in  the  United  States  Cavalry 
and  fought  his  way  up  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel.  In  1870  he 
entered  the  fire  insurance  business  in  Philadelphia  as  an  agent  and 
broker,  and  1890  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Delaware. 

Pearce,  Samuel  W.,  associate  editor  of  the  Pittsburgh  Ituuranee 
World.     [See  D.cath  Roll.] 

Peck,  Charles  H.,  fire  insurance  general  agent  at  New  York. 
[Sec  Death  Roll  ] 

Pelican  insurance  company  of  New  Orleans,  retired  from  business 
in  October,  1892,  its  risks  being  reinsured  'by  the  Sun  Mutual  of  that 
city.  The  Pelican  confined  itself  to  a  local  business.  The  reason 
given  by  President  Young  for  retirement  was  the  absence  of  profit  in 
the  business. 

Pcnn  Mutual  Agencr  Association.  This  organization,  composed 
of  the  general  and  special  agents  of  the  Penn  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company  of  Philadelphia,  held  its  ninth  annual  meeting  at  Chicago, 
from  July  26  to  29,  1892,  inclusive.  Papers  were  read  by  J.  W. 
Pressey  of  Rochester  on  "  How  to  Secure  Business,"  Charles  Thaw  of 
St.  Louis  on  "  The  Power  and  Influence  of  Life  Insurance  on  Civiliza- 
tion and  Government,"  Clark  Fairbank  of  Port  Wayne,  Ind.,  on 
"The  Best  Way  to  Make  the  Company  More  Popular  with  the 
Insuring  Public,"  Darwin  Barnard  of  Boston  on  "The  History  of 
Life  Insurance,"  Julian  Schley  on  "The  Humorous  Side  of  Life  In- 
surance Work,"  F.  A.  Kendall  of  Cleveland  on  "Life  Underwriters 
Associations,"  William  Penn  Rowland  of  Dallas,  Tex.,  on  "The 
Future  of  Life  Insurance,"  and  Myer  Hariison  of  Denver,  Col.,  on 
"The  Solicitor  in  the  Field."  Ofl^cers  were  elected  for  the  year 
as  follows:  President,  Dr.  R.  Allison  Miller,  Huntingdon,  Pa.;  vice- 
presidents,  J.  A.  Goulden,  New  York,  and  Frank  Markoe,  Baltimore: 
secretary  and  treasurer,  Edward  Bourne,  Philadelphia;  executive 
committee,  N.  A.  Plympton,  Boston;  W.  M.  Bunting,  Boston.  J.  C. 
Biggert,  Pittsburgh;  Jos.  H.  Harrison,  Denver;  F.  A.  Kendall,  Cleve- 
land; a.  A.  Watkins,  Detroit;  Jos,  E.  Colt,  Northumberland,  Pa.,  an4 


Pbnn  Mutual  Lifb  iNsuaANCB  CoMPAifT.  279 

Calrin  8.  Smith,  Chicago.  Coney  Island,  X.  T.,  was  decided  upon 
for  the  tenth  annaal  meeting  in  July,  1898.  A  banquet  was  hela  at 
the  Hotel  Wellington  on  the  evening  of  July  29.  The  old  oflScers 
were  re-elected  at  the  annual  meeting  m  1898. 

Peno  Mataal  Life  insurance  company  of  Philadelphia  was  char- 
tered by  the  legislature,  February  24,  1847.  and  began  business  May 
25  of  that  year,  being  a  mutual  or&^ization.  The  original  corpora- 
tors were  Messrs.  James  C.  Richardson,  John  G.  Brenner.  Richard  S. 
Newbold,  William  M.  Clarke,  William  B.  Cooper,  John  W.  Homor, 
Samuel  C.  Bhephard,  William  A.  Everlv,  Daniel  L.  Miller,  Wil- 
liam Robertson,  Samuel  Dutton,  Daniel  L.  Hutchinson,  Edward 
Lukeas,  William  Martin,  Edmund  A.  Souder,  Ellis  S.  Archer,  William 
B.  Hart,  Edward  H.  Trotter,  Samuel  E.  Stokes,  Benjamin  Coates, 
Theophilus  Paulding,  Lewis  Cooper,  Samuel  W.  Weer,  Charles 
Schaner.  Augustus  W.  Harker,  Joseph  M.  Thomas,  and  Wm.  H. 
Carr.  The  original  officers  were :  Daniel  L.  Miller,  president;  Wil- 
liam M.  Clarke,  vice-president;  and  John  W.  Hornor,  secretary. 
Under  the  charter  the  corporation  was  empowered  "to  make  all  and 
every  insurance  appertaining  to  or  connected  with  life  risks,  of  what- 
ever kind  or  nature,  and  to  receive  and  execute  trusts,  to  make  en- 
dowments, and  to  grant  and  purchase  annuities."  A  temporary  guar- 
antee f  upd  of  $100,000,  consisting  of  endorsed  guarantee  notes  on  which 
interest  was  allowed  was  provided  at  the  outset.  Under  the  charter  it 
was  also  provided  that  all  persons  who  insured  in  the  company  and  con- 
tinued as  policy-holders  should  become  members  of  the  corporation 
and  entitled  to  elect  the  trustees.  The  vote  was  regulated  by  the 
amount  of  premium  paid  on  the  policy.  No  proxies  were  allowed, 
each  policy-holder  participating  in  the  election  being  required  to  de- 
posit his  vote  in  person. 

The  first  dividend  was  declared  in  1849,  the  accumulated  funds  of 
the  company  at  that  time,  apart  from  the  temporary  guarantee  capital, 
being  $81,853.  Only  one  loss  had  occurred,  the  amount  involved 
being  $5,000.  At  the  end  of  the  first  decade  in  the  company's  history 
the  accumulated  funds  amounted  to  $611,226.  The  death  claims 
during  the  ten  years,  121  in  number,  aggregated  $290,567.  The  guar- 
antee capital  was  retired  in  April,  1860.  The  scrip  dividends  up  to 
1860  averaged  40  per  cent,  of  the  premiums  paid  on  every  life  policy 
in  force.  In  1848  and  1849  the  dividends  declared  were  as  high  as  80 
per  cent.  In  1862  the  scrip  dividends  of  1850,  1851,  and  1852  were. 
Dy  vote  of  the  directors,  made  receivable  for  cash  premiums  and 
credited  on  the  notes  and  loans  of  those  who  had  paid  but  part  in 
cash,  while  upon  the  premiums  of  the  preceding  year  a  new  dividend 
of  85  per  cent,  was  declared  in  scrip.  President  Miller  resigned  in 
1862,  and  was  succeeded  by  James  Traquair.  Secretary  Hornor  was 
made  vice-president  and  actuary,  and  Horatio  S.  Stephens  secretary  of 
the  company.  Until  1868  the  company  confined  its  operations  to  the 
states  of  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Maryland.  It  was  admitted  to 
New  Tork  state  March  1,  1868.  New  England  and  western  states 
were  also  embraced  in  1868  for  the  first  time  in  the  companv's  field  of 
operations.  The  total  assets  at  the  close  of  the  year  were  $2,541,680. 
The  net  premiums  amounted  to  $455,102.  The  total  number  of  poU- 
6ies  in  force  December  81.  1868,  was  4,706,  the  amount  of  insurance^ 


280  Pemn  Mutual  Lifb  Ihsurakcb  Compavt. 

covered  being  $10,048,740.  The  dividends  made  during  the  fire  yeatt 
prior  to  1868  were  each  60  per  cent,  upon  the  premiums  paid.  In  1870 
President  Traquair  decline!!  re-election,  and  was  succeeded  by  Samuel 
C.  Huey.  Vice-president  Homor  retired  from  the  position  of  actuary 
and  James  Weir  Mason  was  chosen  in  his  place.  In  1873  Secretaiy 
Stephens  was  elected  second  vice-president,  with  special  charge  of  the 
agency  department,  and  was  succeeded  as  secretary  by  Henry  Austie. 

The  legislature  of  Pennsylvania  in  1870  grantea  an  amendment  to 
the  charter,  authorizing  the  board  of  trustees  to  return  the  surplus  in 
cash  in  reduction  of  premiums,  or  in  scrip,  or  by  way  of  reversionary 
additions  to  the  policy.  Under  the  amendment  the  company  returns 
to  the  assured  all  the  profits  or  surplus,  after  making  a  four  per  cent 
reserve,  and  after  setting  aside  a  sinking  fund  and  an  undivided  sur- 
plus to  meet  possible  future  excess  of  mortality  or  anv  extraordinary 
contingency.  The  volume  of  business  transacted  by  the  Penn  Mututd 
will  appear  from  the  figures  for  1892.  The  company  had  44,614  poli- 
cies in  force  at  the  end  of  the  year,  covering  |117,026.418  of  insurance. 
The  total  premium  income  for  the  year  amounted  to  $4,757,172.41.  the 
renewals  aggregating  $8,506,969.80.  The  company's  total  income  for 
the  year  was  $5,746,757.55.  The  total  sum  paid  on  account  of  losses 
and  endowments  was  $1,848,876,  and  the  dividends  to  policy-holders 
was  $732,187.72.  The  total  disbursements  through  the  year  were 
$3,578,092.81.  The  total  premium  receipts  since  organization  aggre- 
gate $46,216,836  86.  The  amount  disbursed  to  policy-holders  during 
this  period  is  $29,262,233.95;  invested  for  the  benefit  of  policy-holders 
December  31,  1892,  $20,808,692  29.  The  total  of  disbursements  to 
policy-holders  and  the  amount  invested  for  their  benefit  exceed  the 
premium  income  since  organization  by  $8,854,089.38. 

The  company  issues  policies  on  a  great  variety  of  safe  plans.  One 
of  its  specialties  has  been  the  life  rate  endowments  the  premiums  upon 
which  are  the  same  as  those  charged  upon  the  ordinary  life  tables. 
The  dividends  upon  these  policies  are  made,  as  usual,  annually,  placed 
to  the  credit  of  the  insured,  and  compounded  at  the  ordinary  rate 
of  interest  made  by  the  company,  while  the  reserve  is  also  com- 
pounded at  four  per  cent,  interest.  When  these  two  sums,  thus  com- 
pounded, equal  the  face  of  the  policy,  the  sum  insured  is  paid  the 
beneficiary  named  in  it.  Should  the  insured  die  before  the  maturity  of 
the  policv  as  an  endowment,  the  loss  is  paid  as  in  regular  endowment: 
but  should  death  occur  after  the  fifth  annual  payment,  the  dividends 
declared  and  compounded  as  stated  are  paid  with  Uie  amount  of  the 
policy.  After  the  fifth  year  the  dividends,  with  their  accumulations, 
may  be  used,  if  desired,  to  pay  the  premium  upon  the  policy.  The 
company  was  one  of  the  first  to  make  its  policies  non-forfeitable  for 
their  value  after  the  third  annual  payment.  In  1881  Henrv  C.  Brown 
became  secretary  and  treasurer,  succeeding  Henry  Austie,  and  has 
since  retained  the  position.  President  Edward  M.  Needles  as- 
sumed the  management  of  the  company  in  1886,  succeeding  Presi- 
dent Huey.  Horatio  S.  Stephens  is  the  vice-president;  Jesse  J. 
Barker,  actuary;  John  W.  Hamer,  manager  of  loans;  Henry  C.  Lip- 
pincott,  manager  of  agencies;  Henry  H.  Ilallowell,  assistant  secretary 
and  treasurer;  Jacob  Lei thmann,  Jr.,  comptroller;  and  John  J.  Mc- 
Cloy,  supervisor  of  applications  and  death  claims  of  the  company, 


Pennsylvania,  Insurance  SuFEBViaiON  in.  281 

The  directors  are  Messrs.  James  O.  Pease,  Joseph  M.  P.  Price,  Ell- 
wood  Johnson,  William  0.  Houston,  Howard  Hinchman,  William  H. 
RhawD,  Atwood  Smith,  John  H.  Watt,  N.  Parker  Bhortridee,  Richard 
8.  Brock,  Benjamin  Allen,  John  Scott,  Charles  J.  Field,  "Robert 
Dornan,  R.  Allison  Miller,  Henry  S.  Eckert,  Noah  A.  Plympton, 
Frank  Markoe,  Harry  F.  West,  Lincoln  K.  Passmore,  George  K. 
Johnson,  Joseph  Bosler,  Frank  E.  Hippie,  Benjamin  Rowland,  Aaron 
Fries,  Harry  Rogers,  Samuel  B.  Stinson.  . 

Pennsylvania  Association  of  Fire  Insurance  Agents,  was  or- 
ganized at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  Jan.  18,  1890,  for  mutual  protection  and 
social  intercourse,  one  principal  purpose  being  the  discouragement  of 
the  writing  of  policies  by  home  ofiSces  over  the  heads  of  agents  at  less 
than  tariff  rates.  George  E.  Wagner  of  Philadelphia  was  the  first 
president.  At  the  annual  meeting  held  at  Reading  July  20, 1892,  there 
was  the  largest  attendance  of  members  since  organization.  Officers 
were  elected  as  follows:  Frank  R.  Lieb  of  Harrisburg,  president;  W. 
Q.  Eno,  George  E.  Wagner,  and  W.  C.  Helmbold,  vice-presidents; 
G.  F.  P.  Wagner,  treasurer;  John  L.  Paul,  secretary;  F.  L.  Hitchcock, 
George  W.  Lenhart,  T.  J.  l>out.  J.  S.  Hoard,  Samuel  Bausman,  W.  M. 
Deisher,  W.  B.  Flickinger,  F.  G.  Sweeney,  and  John  E.  Colt,  execu- 
tive committee. 

In  June,  1893,  Mr.  Paul  resigned  as  secretary,  and  was  succeeded 
by  J.  H.  Musser. 

Pennsylvania  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  The  nineteenth  an- 
nual report  of  the  Pennsylvania  insurance  commissioner  was  dated 
April  1,  1892.  for  part  one,  and  May  2  for  part  two.  The  companies 
admitted  to  the  state  during  the  department  year  were  as  follows:  the 
Albany,  Armstrong  Fire,  Atlas  of  London.  Capital  Fire  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, Prussian  National,  Queen  of  New  York,  and  Union  of  London, 
all  fire  companies,  and  the  Indemnity  Mutual  Marine  of  London,  to- 

f^ther  with  the  following  casualty  and  surety  companies:  the  Missouri, 
ansas,  and  Texas  Trust  Company  of  Kansas  City,  New  Jersey  Plate 
Glass,  and  New  York  Plate  Glass.  Nine  assessment  hfe  and  accident 
companies  were  also  admitted,  but  no  new  level  premium  company 
made  application.  Twenty-one  fire  and  marine  companies  and  three 
assessment  companies  withdrew  during  the  year.  Commissioner 
Luper  called  attention  to  the  fire  loss  in  Pennsylvania  in  1891,  which 
aggregated  in  amount  seven  million  dollars  of  insured  property,  be- 
sides property  on  which  there  was  no  insurance.  He  suggested  th  e 
enactment  of  a  law  providing  for  legal  inquiries  into  the  causes  of  all 
fires  by  an  officer  specially  designated  for  that  purpose. 

The  receipts  of  the  insurance  department  during  1891  were  $42,991, 
and  the  expenditures  $14,130. 

Pennsylvania,  Insnrance,  Snpervision.in,  1878-1893.  The  in- 
surance department  of  Pennsylvania  was  created  by  act  of  April  4, 
1878.  J.  Montgomery  Forster  was  appointed  insurance  commissioner 
by  the  governor  to  serve  for  a  term  of  three  years,  and  assumed  the 
duties  of  the  office  May  5,  1878.  He  served  as  commissioner  by  suc- 
cessive re-appointments  until  May  2,  1891,  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
George  B.  Luper,  who  had  been  deputy  commissioner  for  six  years. 
The  present  deputy  is  J.  Woods  Brown. 

^^*  Digitized  by  Google 


282  Phbnix  Insubancb  Compaht. 

Peoples  Fire  insurance  company  of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  at  iu  an- 
nual meetin.fi^  in  February,  1892,  voted  to  increase  its  capital  stock 
from  $350,000  to  fSOO.OOO. 

Perez,  Demetrlo,  auditor  of  New  Mexico,  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  at  Santa  Fe,  December  22,  1836.  Previous  to  his 
appointment,  in  1801,  Mr.  Perez  was  a  merchant  at  San  Antonio,  N.  H. 
He  has  held  numerous  public  offices;  was  territorial  auditor  from  IBSi 
to  1868;  county  clerk  of  San  Miguel  county  and  chairman  of  the 
county  commissioners  from  1880  to  1886. 

Perking,  Oeorge  W.,  third  vice-president  of  the  New  York  Life 
insurance  company,  was  bom  at  Chicago.  111.,  January  81,  1862,  and 
is  the  son  of  a  former  general  agent  of  the  New  York  Life  for  Ohio, 
who  died  in  1885  as  an  inspector  of  agencies  for  the  company.  Mr. 
Perkins  was  a  clerk  in  his  father's  office  in  Cleveland  when  fifteen 
^ears  old ;  cashier  of  the  general  agency  at  nineteen ;  in  the  field  orgaa- 
izing  agencies  at  twenty- three,  and  superintendent  of  the  western 
department  of  the  company,  embracing  26  states,  at  twenty-seven. 
He  was  called  to  the  home  office  as  vice-president  in  clurae  of  Uie 
agency  force,  under  the  new  administration,  in  1892.  Mr.  Perkins  is 
the  youngest  life  insurance  officer,  with  such  large  responsibilities,  in 
the  United  States. 

Phenix  insurance  company,  of  Brooklyn.  Thomas  R.  Burch, 
western  and  southern  general  agent  at  Chicago  since  1876,  died  June  15, 
1892  [see  Burch  in  Death  Roll].  In  July  following,  Eugene  Harbeck, 
secretary  of  the  Michigan  Fire  and  Marine,  was  appointed  to  succeed 
Mr.  Burch. 

The  Phenix  was  organized  September  10,  1865,  under  act  of  June 
25  of  that  year,  the  original  name  being  "The  Phenix  Fire  insurance 
company."  This  name  was  changed  by  act  of  the  legislature,  Febru- 
ary 19,  1866,  to  the  present  one.  The  capital  at  first  was  ^00,000. 
The  first  meeting  for  organization  was  held  February  18,  1858.  At  a 
meeting  held  one  week  afterwards,  February  25,  Stephen  Crowell  was 
unanimously  elected  president  of  the  new  company.  July  28,  1853, 
Philander  Shaw  was  elected  secretary.  Under  its  charter  the  Phenix 
was  authorized  to  write  inland  navigation  and  transportation  insurance 
as  well  as  fire  risks,  and  in  1859  it  added  inland  insurance  to  its  busi- 
ness. Ocean  marine  insurance  was  subsequently  written  by  the  com- 
pany. June  27, 1864,  the  capital  stock  was  increased  to  $500,000  under 
the  general  insurance  act  of  1858.  A  second  increase  was  ordered 
November  22,  1865,  the  amount  being  half  a  million  dollars.  A 
technical  impairment  of  capital  was  occasioned  in  1888  on  account  of 
disastrous  marine  losses.  It  was  promptly  made  up  by  the  stockhold- 
ers, and  the  dividend  for  that  year  omitted.  At  the  conclusion  of  the 
company's  first  quarter  of  a  century  in  September,  1878,  the  total  assets 
amounted  to  |2,580,278,  the  net  surplus  aggregating  $760,189.  The 
income  from  all  sources  during  this  period  was  $28,075,753.  The 
total  expenditures  amounted  to  $21,831,168,  of  this  amount  $18,502,039 
being  on  account  of  losses.  During  the  twenty-five  years  $2,014,000 
hadoeen  paid  in  dividends  to  the  stockholders.  The  Chicago  and 
Boston  conflagrations  involved  the  company  in  losses  amounting  to 
$939,779,  which  were  settled  with  characteristic  promptitude,  the 


Philadelphia  Fna  Ikbuhahcb  Ratbb.  S88 

Phenix  being  credited  with  the  honor  of  being  the  first  company  to 
begin  the  payment  of  claims  at  Chicago.  August  28^  1887,  the  dfrec- 
tors  decided  to  withdraw  from  the  ocean  marine  business,  and  opera- 
tions  were  discontinued  Heptember  2d.  Since  1887  the  company  has 
demoted  its  attention  principally  to  fire  insurance.  The  net  fire 
premiums  in  1893  amountea  to  |4,242,708.  The  total  income  Was 
14,428,906.  The  amount  of  insurance  in  force  December  81, 1892,  was 
$577,798,018.  The  total  premiums  received  since  organization  amount 
to  $85,895,848;  total  losses  paid,  $44,420,694 ;  cash  dividends,  $8,274,000. 
The  Phenix  has  had  but  two  presidents.  Stephen  Crowell  retained  the 
position  until  April  9,  1888,  when  he  declined  re-election.  George  P. 
Sheldon  was  aavanced  from  the  vice-president's  office,  Arthur  B. 
Graves  was  elected  vice-president,  and  George  Ingraham  second  vice- 
president.  With  the  exception  of  four  years,  1875  until  1879,  when 
William  R.  Crowell  was  secretary.  Philander  Shaw  was  the  secretary 
from  the  organization  of  the  company  until  1890.  Charles  C.  Little  is 
the  present  incumbent,  W.  A.  Wright  being  assistant  secretary.  The 
directors  are  George  P.  Sheldon,  Arthur  B.  Graves,  Edwin  F.  Enowl- 
ton,  Albion  K.  Bolan,  David  B.  Powell,  William  H.  Male,  Henry  W. 
Slocum,  George  W.  Bergen,  Augustus  Studwell.  Edwin  T.  Kice, 
William  P.  Beale,  William  H,  Wallace,  William  J.  Logan,  John  H. 
Latham,  Felix  Campbell,  Samuel  E.  Howard,  John  Cartledge,  George 
M.  Hard.  George  Ingraham,  Henry  E.  Southwell,  William  A.  Ham- 
mond. Of  these,  Mr.  George  W.  Bergen  is  the  only  one  who  was  an 
original  member  of  the  board. 

Philadelphia  Association  of  Life  Underwriters  was  organized 
in  December,  1887,  William  H.  Lambert  being  the  first  president  In 
November,  1889,  Henry  C.  Lippincott  was  elected  president,  and  was 
succeeded,  November,  1890,  by  I.  Lay  ton  Register,  who  has  been 
twice  re-elected.  The  present  officers  of  the  association,  who  were 
elected  at  the  annual  meeting  held  November  17,  1892,  are  I.  Layton 
Register,  president;  E.  H.  Plummer,  Richard  Fisher,  and  G.  W. 
Woods,  vice-presidents;  W.  M.  Scott,  secretary;  and  Amos  D.  Wake- 
lin,  treasurer.  The  executive  committee  are  H.  C.  Lippincott,  Joseph 
Ashbrook,  Joseph  F.  Neff,  J.  A.  Fowler,  G.  A.  Howard.  W.  L.  More, 
Frank  Read,  D.  A.  Keyes,  W.  H.  Lambert,  and  H.  O.  Chapman. 

Philadelphia  Fire  Insurance  Patrol  was  organized  in  1889  as 
a  voluntary  association.  The  original  cost  of  equipment  was  $10,000. 
The  annual  maintenance  involves  an  outlay  of  $25,000.  The  present 
officers  are  George  E.  Wagner,  president;  James  W.  McAllister,  treas- 
urer; Thomas  C.  Hill,  secretary;  directors,  Messrs.  Atwood  Smith, 
Charles  Piatt,  E.  C.  Irvin,  and  John  L.  Thomson;  captain,  George  R. 
Stillman;  station  No.  1,  516  Arch  street,  assistant  captain.  William  H. 
Porter;  station  No.  2,  northeast  corner  Fifth  and  Hackley,  assistant 
captain,  Sylvester  B.  Peak. 

Philadelphia  Fire  Insurance  Rates  were  advanced  in  May, 
1892.  The  Philadelphia  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  promulgated  the 
following  orders: 

1.  (a)  On  all  ritkB  rated  prior  to  Feb.  26, 18M,  written  or  renewed  on  and  after 
thfs  date,  an  advance  of  SO  per  cent,  shall  be  charged,  except  textile  mllle,  on  which  an 
advance  of  88|  per  cent,  shall  be  charged.  t 

(b)  All  BQch  policies  most  contain  a  co-insurance  claase  of  at  least^Q.j^^rjpent  ^  ^^1^ 


284  PatLUPfi,  Oboroe  W. 

(c)  Policies  ooyering  more  than  one  item  shftU  hare  a  co-insonuioe  claiwe  of  at  leist 
80  per  cent.,  applying  apecificallj  to  each  item. 

%.  Whenever  it  is  claimed  that  the  80  per  cent  oo-insarance  daose  will  woik  s 
hardship  to  the  assured,  written  appeal  may  be  made  to  a  special  committee  of  ire  io 
be  elected  by  the  association,  which  is  aathorized  to  prescribe  the  terms  on  wlilch  tbe 
co-insurance  clause  may  be  modified  or  dispensed  with. 

8.  Where  the  full  co-insurance  clause  is  attached  a  deduction  of  10  per  cent,  in  rate 
may  be  made  after  first  adding  the  advance  of  iO  per  cent.,  or  88^  per  cent.,  as  above 
proscribed. 

4.  The  above  specified  advances  shall  be  charged  at  the  counters  of  members  and 
in  the  rating  of  risks. 

5.  Sprmlded  risks  otherwise  provided  for  are  excepted  from  the  above. 

6.  All  rules  and  regulations  in  conflict  with  the  forqcolng  are  hereby  annolkd. 

In  June  a  number  of  busineBS  men  organized  the  Philadelphia 
Trades  League,  invited  suffering  policy-holden  to  communicate  their 
grievances  and  Join  them,  advocated  the  organization  of  a  League  in- 
surance company  with  $1,000,000  capital,  and  threatened  tlie  fire 
insurance  "combination"  with  prosecution  as  an  illegal  body.  Tbe 
League  beat  its  gong  quite  vigorously,  but  the  advanced  rates  were 
not  changed. 

Philadelphfa  Fire  Underwriters  Association.  The  ninth 
annual  meeting  was  held  November  18,  1892.  President  Gfeorge  £. 
Wagner,  in  his  annual  address,  referred  to  the  schedule  method  of 
rating  which  had  been  in  force  in  Philadelphia  for  nine  years,  and  bad 
proved  so  beneficial  in  reducing  the  hazard.  Experience  had  taught 
that  schedule  rating  was  even  more  beneficial  to  the  policy-holder  than 
the  companies,  as  the  reduction  in  premiums  had  a  tendency  to  outruD 
the  decrease  in  losses.  He  reviewed  the  controversy  with  the  Trade* 
League,  and  said  the  general  advance  was  but  temporary  to  cover  the 
revision  of  the  schedule  charges,  which  was  now  about  complete. 
Referring  to  underground  insurance,  he  said  that  a  large  portion  of  it 
was  placed  through  two  corporations  in  Philadelphia,  and  he  wondered 
when  the  companies  which  pay  a  half  million  dollars  to  the  state  were 
going  to  get  protection  against  this  illegitimate  trafiic. 

As  to  the  electric  hazard,  now  so  much  discussed,  the  indication 
was,  judging  from  the  charges  made  in  the  universal  mercantile 
schedule  for  electric  lighting  and  electric  trolley,  that  the  experience 
of  companies  showed  the  necessity  for  such  charges,  but  it  was  proba- 
bly the  fact  that  electrical  matters  in  Philadelphia  were  on  a  better 
footing  than  elsewhere  in  the  countrv.  He  thought  that  the  discour- 
aging results  of  the  year's  underwriting  were  due,  not  so  much  to  in- 
creased losses,  as  to  a  shrinkage  in  premium  charges. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  year:  President,  Geo. 
E.  Wagner;  vice-president,  Robert  B.  Beath;  treasurer,  Samuel  D. 
Hawley.  At  the  annual  banquet  in  the  evening  speeches  were  made 
by  President  Kennedy  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters, 

E.  B.  Clark,  assistant  manager  of  the  Phoenix  of  London,  Secretary 
Post  of  the  Niagara  Fire,  Henry  W.  Brown  of  the  Caledonian,  George 

F.  Reger  of  the  Franklin  Fire,  W.  W.  Allen,  George  Wood  of  the 
Royal,  J.  E.  Hyneman,  and  Thomas  T.  Nelson. 

PhiUips,  George  W.,  actuary  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
Society  of  the  U.  8.,  was  born  at  Salem.  Mass.,  November  27.  1827, 
and  was  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in  1847,  at  the  age  of  twenty 
years.    He  was  the  original  actuary  of  the  company,  and  has,  therefore, 


Phoenix  Mutual  Life  Inbukance  Cohpant.  285 

filled  the  office  thirty-four  years.  Mr.  Phillips  is  one  of  the  council  of 
the  Actuarial  Society  of  America. 

PhcBiiix  Insnrance  Company  of  Hartford,  Conn.  This  company 
was  organized  June  21,  1854,  under  a  perpetual  charter,  and  com- 
mencedf  business  with  a  cash  capital  of  $200,000.  The  capital  stock 
was  increased  to  $400,000  June  16,  1859;  to  $600,000  April  7.  1864;  to 
$1,000,000  April,  1876,  and  to  $2,000,000  April,  1881  —  fully  paid  up  in 
cash. 

Since  its  organization  the  company  has  received  over  $54,000,000  in 
premiums,  and  has  paid  over  $82,000,000  in  losses,  and  its  assets  now 
amount  to  more  than  five  and  one-half  millions. 

The  present  officers  are  as  follows:  President,  D.  W.  C.  Skilton; 
vice-president,  J.  H.  Mitchell;  2d  vice  president,  Charles  E.  Galacar; 
secretary,  Geo.  H.  Burdick;  asst.  secretary,  John  B.  Enox. 

The  company's  branch  offices  are  as  follows :  Western,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  H.  M.  Magill,  general  agent,  T.  F.  Spear,  asst.  general  aeent; 
Pacific,  San  Francisco,  A.  E.  Magill,  general  agent;  Canadian,  Mon- 
treal, (herald  E.  Hart,  general  manager. 

Phcenix  Mntnal  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  Conn., 
was  chartered  originally  by  the  Connecticut  legislature  as  the  Ameri- 
can Temperance  Life  insurance  company.  This  was  in  May,  1851, 
and  the  incorporators  were,  among  others,  ex-Chief  Justice  Thomas  S. 
Williams,  Barzillai  Hudson,  Francis  Gillette,  Edson  Fessenden,  Ben- 
jamin E.  Hale,  and  James  B.  Hosmer.  The  capital  was  $100,000, 
with  power  to  increase  to  $200,000.  Sixteen  per  cent,  was  payable  in 
cash,  and  the  balance  was  to  be  secured,  to  be  paid  by  bond  or  mort- 
gage, or  approved  endorsed  promissory  notes  payable  at  such  times 
as  the  directors  might  determine.  The  by-laws  provided  that  no  risks 
should  be  taken  by  the  company  upon  the  lives  of  persons  addicted  to 
the  habitual  use  of  intoxicating  liquors  as  a  beverage.  The  charter 
provided  that  policies  might  be  issued  "stipulated  to  be  with'  or 
without  participation  in  the  profits  by  the  insured."  The  ninth  arti- 
cle of  the  by-laws,  adopted  November  25,  1867,  provided  that  the 
business  of  the  company  should  be  conducted  on  the  mutual  plan. 
June  25.  1861.  an  act  was  passed  changing  the  name  of  the  company 
to  it  present  title.  The  first  officers  were:  Barzillai  Hudson,  presi- 
dent; Tertius  Wadsworth,  vice-president;  and  Benjamin  E.  Hale,  sec- 
retary. In  1853  Edson  Fessenden  became  president,  and  remained  at 
the  head  of  the  company  for  twenty-two  years.  He  was  succeeded, 
June  29,  1875,  by  Aaron  C.  Goodman.  At  the  same  time  Jonathan 
B.  Bunce  was  elected  vice-president,  and  John  M.  Holcombe  secre- 
taiy,  the  latter  succeeding  James  F.  Bums.  February  21,  1876,  the 
guarantee  stock  notes,  amounting  to  $84,000,  were  retired,  and  an 
actual  cash  capital  of  $100,000  was  established. 

An  exhaustive  examination  of  the  company's  condition  was  made 
by  the  Connecticut  insurance  department,  the  result  showing,  in  the 
language  of  the  commissioner,  that  the  assets  in  favor  of  the  policy- 
holders %ere  ample,  the  amount.  December  31,  1875,  being  $10,224,- 
828.  The  total  number  of  policies  in  force  was  30.281,  of  this  number 
22,567  being  life,  and  7,710  endowment.  The  total  insurance  covered 
was  $60,247,186.    June  21,  1899,  the  charter  was  amended  by  the 


-\ 


280  Phoenix  Mutual  Lifb  Ikburajrgs  Compaht. 

legislature,  authorizing  the  retirement  of  the  capital  stock  at  a  price 
not  exceeding  $250  per  share,  the  purchase  to  be  made  in  the  interest 
of  the  policy-holders.  The  surplus  of  the  company,  not  in  excess  of 
$600,000,  was  to  be  used  in  making  the  purchase.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  participating  policy-holders  in  Hartford,  December  8,  1880,  the 
pfOYisions  of  the  amendment  were  ordered  to  be  carried  out  and  the 
capital  stock  retired.  Up  to  the  dose  of  1892.  there  were  outstanding 
twenty-one  shares  of  the  capital  stock,  but  that  has  since  been  retired, 
and  the  company  is  now  what  its  name  has  always  implied,  a  purely 
mutual  company,  goyerned  by  its  policy-holders.  The  oflScers  of  Uie 
company  are:  Jonathan  B.  Bunce,  president;  John  M.  Holoombe,  vice- 
president;  and  Charles  H.  Lawrence,  secretary.  The  board  in  full 
now  consists  of  Messrs.  Jonathan  6.  Bunce,  president  Phoenix  Mutual 
Life  insurance  company;  James  Nichols,  president  National  Fire  In- 
surance company;  Nathaniel  Shipman,  Judge  United  States  district 
court;  John  M.  Holcombe.  vice-president  Phoenix  Mutual  Life  insur- 
ance company;  John  C.  Parsons,  president  Hartford  Society  for  Sav- 
ings; Isaac  W.  Brooks,  treasurer  Torrington  Savings  bank;  Francis  B. 
Cooley,  vice-president  National  Exchange  bank;  George  H.  Day,  vice- 
presiaent  Pope  Manufacturing  company;  Silas  W.  lS[>bbins,  diTector 
American  National  bank;  Charles  H.  Lawrence,  secretary  Phoenix 
Mutual  Life  insurance  company;  Charles  £.  Qross,  of  Hyde,  QrossA 
Hyde,  attomeys-at-law;  John  H.  Hall,  general  manager  Colt's  Patent 
Fire- Arms  company;  John  D.  Browne,  president  Connecticut  Fire 
insurance  company;  Edward  D.  Bobbins,  attorney -at-law,  and  David 
S.  Plume,  treasurer  Plume  &  Atwood  company,  Waterbury. 

The  financial  condition  of  the  company  will  appear  from    the 
appended  statement: 

Abpets  Jancaut  1,  1898. 

Real  estate,  coet  value, $1,096«9B3.16 

Mortf^ge  loana,     .........      5,418,0?9.79 

Collateral  loans, 18.080.00 

T.<oans  on  policies,  ........  <9,i58.60 

Premium  notes  and  loan9  on  policies,   ......         602,689.68 

Stocks  and  bonds  owned,  .......      9,186331.07 

Cash  In  office  and  bank,  ........         8064S85.44 

Interest  due  and  accrued,  .......         188Jil9.61 

Market  value  of  stocks  over  coHt,  66«978Ji6 

Net  deferred  and  uncollected  premiums,  .....         116,644.'iO 

$10,017,916.98 

LlABlLITlKl*. 

Policy  values  (actuaries'  4  i)er  cent.)     ......  $8385,419.00 

Death  losses  and  endowments  (not  due),          .....  93,190.00 

Special  policy  reserve,      ........  818.848.00 

All  other  liabilities, -  187,896.29 

$9,408,564.99 
Surplus  on  policy-holders  account,        ......         643,664.64 

$10,047,948.98 
The  new  plans  of  the  company  are  brief,  clear,  and  liberal.  Life 
and  endowment  policies  have  endorsed  upon  them  definite  cash,  loan, 
and  paid-up  values,  and  in  case  of  lapse  insurance  is  extended  wiUiout 
action  on  the  part  of  the  insured.  The  new  term  plan  furnishes  pro- 
tection  at  a  low  price,  and  grants  valuable  privileges  in  q6^  a  change 
is  desired  to  some  other  form  of  insurance.      ^,y  ,... ., .  .^ 


Pitcher,  Jambs  R.  287 

In  1892  an  increase  was  made  in  assets,  surplus,  new  insurance,  new 
premiums,  renewal  premiums,  and  insurance  in  force.  The  total  in- 
come during  the  year  was  $1,523,280,  the  premium  receipts  amounting 
to  $925,786.  The  total  number  of  policies  in  force,  December  81, 
1892,  was  19,788.  Of  the  number  outstanding  12,607  were  whole  life, 
and  7,152  endowment  policies.  The  amount  of  insurance  covered 
was  $80,549,306.  Since  organization  the  Phoenix  Mutual  Life  has  dis- 
bursed more  than  $32,000,000  among  its  policy-holders,  liquidating 
death  claims  and  matured  endowments,  and  in  the  payment  of  divi- 
dends. The  amount  also  includes  the  sum  paid  for  surrendered  poli- 
cies. The  original  stockholders  of  the  company  included  prominent 
busineea  men,  the  list  containing  the  names  of  Edward  D.  Tiffany, 
Gordon  Trumbull.  John  C.  Parsons,  James  Nichols,  Drayton  Hillyer, 
James  B.  Hosmer,  John  H.  Goodwin,  Edson  Fessenden,  James  Camp- 
bell. Newton  Case,  and  Tertius  Wadsworth. 

Pierce,  Jamog  F.,  superintendent  of  the  insurance  department  of 
New  York,  was  born  at  Madrid,  St.  Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.,  April 
8,  1880.  He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  having  an  office  in  the  city  of 
New  York  and  a  residence  in  Brooklyn.  Mr.  Pierce  represented 
Kings  County  in  the  New  York  state  senate  twelve  years.  He  was 
appointed  superintendent  in  1891,  succeeding  Mr.  Maxwell. 
^__JPierce,  Joseph  B.,  secretary  of  the  Hartford  Steam  Boiler  In- 
^sp^tion  and  insurance  company,  was  born  at  Thomaston,  Conn.,  in 
1886.  When  seventeen  years  old  he  became  connected  with  a  clock 
manufactory  at  Thomaston,  and  remained  with  it  until  he  removed  to 
Hartford,  in  1854.  He  entered  the  insurance  business  in  1859,  as  book- 
keeper for  the  North  American  Fire  insurance  company.  Afterwards 
he  became  general  agent  for  the  company,  and  from  June.  1866,  to 
1871,  its  secretary.  After  the  Chicago  fire  in  1871,  and  until  March, 
1873,  Mr.  Pierce  was  general  agent  for  the  Nfltional  Fire  of  Hartford. 
Since  the  latter  date  he  has  been  the  secretary  of  the  Hartford  Steam 
Boiler. 

Pioneer  insurance  company  of  Chicago.  The  Illinois  auditor  of 
public  accounts  obtained  temporary  injunction  against  the  eompany 
in  June.  1892,  restraining  it  from  using  or  disposing  of  its  funds,  or 
re-insuring  its  risks  in  any  company  not  authorized  to  do  business  in 
the  state,  or  otherwise  disposing  of  them  so  as  to  impair  the  security 
for  policy-holders.  The  complaint  was  made  that  the  company  had 
neglected  to  pay  its  losses  to  claimants  and  paid  no  attention  to  their 
demands  for  the  satisfaction  of  their  claims. 

Pitcher,  James  R.,  secretary  and  general  manager  of  the  United 
States  Mutual  Accident  Association  of  New  York,  was  born  at  Wind- 
ham. N.  Y.,  March  5,  1845.  His  father  was  a  prominent  tanner,  and 
he  succeeded  him  in  business,  but  sold  out  and  came  to  New  York, 
taking  a  position  as  salesman  in  the  house  of  H.  B.  Claflin  &  Co. 
He  was  afterwards  junior  partner  in  a  clothing  house.  In  1877  he 
organized  the  accident  association,  which  under  his  management  has 
become  the  largest  institution  of  its  class  in  the  world.  Mr.  Pitcher 
is  interested  in  various  other  business  enterprises,  and  is  an  ardent  and 
noted  florist,  having  large  nurseries  at  Short  Hills,  N.  J. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


PoLiCT  Forms. 


Pittsburgh  Lffe  Underwriters*  Association.  'Benjamin  H. 
Lightfoot  was  elected  president  in  1891,  and  E.  H.  Dermitt  in  1892. 
The  present  officers,  who  were  elected  al;  the  annual  meeting  held 
March  20,  1893,  are  Edward  O'Neil  of  the  National  Life,  president;  R. 
T.  Cunningham  of  the  Michigan  Mutual,  first  vice-president;  C.  D. 
Hemingway  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual,  second  vice-president;  W.  H. 
McManus  of  the  Vermont  Life,  secretary:  Austin  Pearce  of  the  Union 
Central,  treasurer.  The  executive  committee  are  E.  H.  Dermitt  of  the 
New  England  Mutual;  F.  T.  Lusk  of  the  Mutual  Benefit;  Chas.  H. 
Webster  of  the  iEtna  Life;  Edward  A.  Woods  of  the  Equitable;  I.  F. 
Harris  of  the  Washington  Life. 

Plate  Glass  Insurance  Bnsine^s  In  1892.  The  following  i.^^  a 
statement  of  the  transactions  in  platt^  glass  insurance  in  1893: 


Conipanictt. 


Fidelity  and  Casaalty, 

IJoyds  Plate  Olara, 

Metropolitan  Plate  Glar*;*, . 
New  Jereev  Plate  (4la88, . . . 
New  York* Plate  Glass, . . . . 


Net  Net 

ProiniuniH      l^>hse« 
Recfived.         !*aid. 


Amoont 

lUsko 
WrittcD. 


AnKKITll 

Risjksi  ill  1  «K-r 
Dec.  81. 


S«46,7S3 

28JJ.H()7 

25.r)rrt 

137,Bt>4 


$93.5»9 

l.")r,4:W 

04/.I53 

8,SW 


$9,727,896 
13,S91,982 

9,419,489 
Sn,OGG 

7.191,090 


$9,2117.«^ 
13,33 1.£>: 

885.43tt 


Total, $1,010,568,    $891,641      $40,604,459         $37,983,li« 


■'  I'latt,  Charles,  president  of  the  Insurance  Company  of  North 
America,  wa-*  born  February  16.  1829.  He  was  graduated  with  high 
honors  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  when  eighteen  ya  rs  old 
and  turned  his  attention  to  practical  affairs  by  entering  the  business 
house  of  his  father,  William  Piatt  of  Philadelphia,  who  was  exlen 
sively  engaged  in  the  China  trade.  He  sailed  in  one  of  his  father's 
ships  to  Canton,  where  he  passed  some  time  acquiring  a  knowledge  of 
the  business.  Returning  home  in  1850  he  was  admitted  a  partner  in 
his  father's  firm.  Ten  years  later  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  In- 
surance Company  of  North  America.  In  1869  he  was  yice-president 
and  in  1878  elected  president.  Mr.  Piatt  has  a  wide  knowledge  of 
marine  as  well  as  of  tire  insurance  and  has  been  president  of  the 
JJjjlional  Board  of  Marine  Underwriters. 

Plnmmor,  Everett  H.,  Philadelphia  general  agent  of  the  Berkshire 
Life  insurance  company,  was  born  in  that  city  June  2, 1855.  After  grad 
uating  from  the  Philadelphia  central  high  school  in  1873.  he  entered 
the  office  of  the  Berkshire  Life  in  Philadelphia  as  an  office  boy.  Id 
1880,  he  was  general  agent  for  I'astern  Pennsylvania,  a  position  which 
he  now  holds.  He  is  the  present  secretary  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Life  Underwriters. 

Policy  Forms.—  Under  this  heading  will  be  found,  first,  Fibk 
Insurance,  the  standard  or  legal  forms  adopted  by  various  states,  and 
the  legislation  thereon;  second,  the  forms  most  in  use  bv  life  insurancf 
companies,— both  level  and  natural  premium, —  taking'the  '*  ordinfery 
life"  policy  as  the  foundation,  and  describing  the  variations  from 
that  form.  ^^  t 

.yzedbyCjOOgle 


POLIGfT  FOBMB,  FiBB.  289 

FIBS  INSUBANCB.    STANDARD  POLICY. 

Bills  to  adopt  a  standard  form  of  fire  ioBurance  policy  were,  in 
1892»  introduced  in  the  state  legislatures  of  Iowa,  New  Jersey,  and 
Vermont,  and  in  1893  in  the  legislatures  of  Connecticut,  Illinois, 
Missouri,  North  Carolina,  Ohio,  and  South  Dakota.  These  bills 
became  laws  in  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  and  South 
Dakota,  but  failed  in  the  other  states  named. 

The  states,  therefore,  which  have  the  standard  form  established  by 
law  are,  including  those  which  adopted  a  policy  prior  to  1802,  as  fol- 
lows, the  year  of  adoption  being  in  parenthesis  after  each  name:  Massa- 
chusetts (1873),  Michigan  (1889),  Minnesota  (1889),  New  Hampshire 
(1885).  New  Jersey  (1892),  New  York  (1886),  North  Dakota  (1890), 
Pennsylvania  (1891),  Wisconsin  (1891),  New  Jersey  (1892),  Connecticut 
(1893),  North  Carolina  (1893),  South  Dakota  (1893). 

HIBTORT  OF  THB  STANDARD  POLTOT. 

Agitation  for  a  uniform  policy  began  almost  in  the  infancy  of  what 
may  be  called  the  modern  practice  of  nre  underwriting.  In  the  records 
of  the  Salamander  Society  of  New  York,  which  was  an  organization  of 
local  fire  insurance  companies  in  1821,  and  the  forerunner  of  the  New 
York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  allusion  is  made  to  the  appointment 
of  a  special  committee  to  draft  a  form.  This  committee  reported  to 
the  association  June  19,  1821,  with  a  proposed  form,  which,  after  it 
had  been  submitted  to  the  directors  of  the  company  separately,  and 
had  received  their  approval,  was  adopted  and  came  into  general  use. 
It  was  the  model  upon  which  all  subsequent  improved  policies  were 
made  in  the  United  States. 

The  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized  in  1866, 
and  the  very  first  subject  which  claimed  its  attention  after  it  convened 
was  a  form  of  policy,  the  board  resolving  "  That  this  board  recommend 
to  the  executive  committee  to  draft  a  fire  policy  to  be  used  by  all  fire 
insurance  companies  belonging  to  this  association."  A  form  was 
reported  to  the  board  at  its  second  annual  meeting  in  1868,  and 
adopted.  Although  the  subject  of  a  uniform  standard  policy  to  become 
obligatory,  was  stirred  up  in  the  legislatures  of  New  York  and  Massa- 
chusetts several  years  prior  to  this,  Connecticut  appears  to  have  been 
the  first  state  actually  to  adopt  a  law  requiring  a  standard  form,  which 
was  in  1867.  The  text  of  this  law,  the  first  of  its  kind,  was  as  follows, 
it  being  chapter  cxxi  of  the  session  laws  of  1867: 

SscTioN  1.  That  all  policies  of  insurance  iesued  bv  Are  insarance  companies  of  this 
t«tate,  after  the  thirtieth  day  of  September  next,  phall  contain  in  the  printed  forma 
annexed  uniform  conditions  as  to  the  ritfics  on  which  the  insurance  is  based,  said  condi- 
tions to  be  approved  by  the  general  insurance  commissioner  of  the  state,  and  no  condi- 
tions except  those  so  approved,  nut  written  in  full  in  the  body  of  the  policy,  shall  be 
valid. 

Sec.  S.  No  foreign  fire  insurance  company  doing  business  In  this  state  shall  issne 
poIicieH  to  citizens  thereof,  embodying  minteil  comiUion*,  not  conUined  in  the  forms 
aathorixed  by  said  commissioner  for  policies  of  companies  incorporated  in  this  state. 

Sec.  8.  Any  insurance  company  or  agent  thereof,  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  stiall  be  liable  to  a  penally  equal  to  double  the  amount  of  premium  charged  on 
the  ri«k  on  which  [the]  policy  is  issued. 

There  was  much  opposition  to  the  enforcement  of  this  law  from  fire 
underwriters,  and  a  committee  of  the  national  board  went  to  New 
Haven,  to  see  Insurance  Commissioner  Noyes,  and  lodee  with  him  a 
formal  protest.    The  result  was  that  the  law  was  repealed  as  soon 


'J|le 


390  Policy  Forms,  Firb. 

the  legislature  of  1868  assembled,  and  a  form  of  policy,  therefore,  was 
nerer  drafted. 

Mabbachubktts.  It  remained  for  Massachusetts  to  present  the 
first  form  of  policy  deriving  its  existence  from  a  state  government. 
This  form  was  adopted  by  the  legislature  of  1878,  and  it  continued  in 
force  without  amendment  until  1880,  when  numerous  chanees  were 
made  and  it  was  again  altered  in  1881 .  Under  the  revision  of  the  insur- 
ance laws  in  1887,  the  Massachusetts  form  further  modified  became  a 
part  of  the  code.  AH  policies  may  bear  at  the  top  the  words,  **  Massa- 
chusetts standard  policy."  The  name  of  the  company,  location,  date 
of  incorporation,  amount  of  paid-up  stock,  names  of  officers  and  agents, 
number  and  date  of  policy,  and  if  issued  by  an  agent  the  words  "This 
policy  shall  not  be  valid  until  countersigned  by  the  duly  authorised 

agent  of  the  company  at ,"  may  also  appear  on  the  policy. 

Printed  forms  of  description  may  be  used,  a  lightning  clause  may  be 
added,  and  any  words  required  by  law  or  by  its  charter  may  be  incor- 
porated. Riders  may  be  attached  and  signed,  modifying  any  of  the 
provisions  of  the  policy.  With  these  exceptions  the  text  must  be  in 
type  not  smaller  than  long  primer,  and  is  to  read : 

This  comoany  Bhall  not  be  liable  beyond  the  actual  valae  of  the  ineiared  property  st 
the  time  any  Toss  or  damage  happens. 

In  connideration  of dollara  to  them  paid  by  the  Inaored,  hereinafter 

named,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  do  insure axt±. 

legal  represenlutlves  against  loss  or  damage  by  tue,  to  the  amount  of 

dollars. 

Bills  of  exchange,  notes,  accounts,  evidences  and  securities  of  property  of  txcrj 
kind,  books,  wearing  apparel,  plate,  money,  jewels,  medtUs,  patterns,  models,  f<jaitific 
cabinetj}  and  collections,  paintings,  sculpture,  and  curiosities  are  not  mdudied  in  taid 
insured  property,  unless  specially  mentioned. 

Saicf  property  is  insured  for  the  term  of ,.,  beginning  on  the. 

day  of ,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and ,  at  noon,  and  con- 
tinuing until  the day  of ,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and , 

at  noon,  against  all  loss  or  damage  by  fire  originating  from  any  cause  except  hiTasica^ 
foreign  eneinie«,  civil  commotions,  riots,  or  any  military  or  usurped  power  whatever:  the 
amount  of  said  loss  or  damage  to  be  estimated  according  to  the  actual  value  of  the 
insured  proi)crty  at  the  time  when  such  loss  or  damage  happens,  but  not  to  indade  kMS 
or  damage  caused  by  explosions  of  any  kind  unless  Are  ensues,  and  then  to  incinde  that 
caused  by  Are  only. 

This  policy  shall  be  void  if  any  material  fact  or  circumstance  stated  in  writhig  has 
not  been  fairly  represented  by  the  insured,—  or  if  the  insured  now  has  or  shall  hereafter 
make  any  other  insurance  on  the  said  property  without  the  assent  in  w-riting  or  in  prin: 
of  the  company,— or  if,  without  such  assent^  the  said  property  shall  be  removed,  except 
that,  if  sucli  removal  shall  be  necessary  for  the  perser\'anon  of  the  property  from  flrp, 
this  policy  shall  be  valid  without  such  assent  for  Ave  davs  thereafter,—  or  If,  withoai  such 
assent,  the  situation  or  circumstances  affecting  the  risk  shall,  by  or  with  the  knowled}^. 
advice,  aeency  or  consent  of  the  insured,  be  so  altered  as  to  cause  an  increase  of  such 
risk,  or  ii,  without  such  assent  the  said  property  shall  be  sold,  or  this  policy  assigoKl. 
or  if  the  premises  hereby  insured  shall  become  vacant  by  the  removal  of  the  owner  or 
occupant,  and  so  remain  vacant  for  more  than  thirty  days  without  such  assent,  or  if  it  be 
a  manufacturing  establishment,  running  in  whole  or  part  extra  time,  excent  that  sncb 
establishments  mav  run  in  whole  or  in  part  extra  hours  not  later  than  nine  o  clock  p.  v., 
or  if  such  establishments  shall  cease  operation  for  more  than  thirty  days  without  p^- 
mission  in  writing  endorsed  hereon,  or  ii  the  insured  shall  make  any  attempt  to  defraotl 
the  company,  either  before  or  after  the  loss,—  or  if  gunpowder  or  other  articles  sabiect 
to  legal  restriction  shall  be  kept  in  quantities  or  manner  different  from  those  allowed  or 

Srescribed  by  law,— or  if  camphene,  benzine,  naphtlia,  or  other  chemical  oils  or  bomuig 
uids  shall  be  kept  or  used  by  the  insured  on  the  premises  Insured,  except  that  what  v 
Icnown  as  refined  petroleum,  kerosene,  or  coal-oil  may  be  used  for  lighting,  and  hi 
dweHhig-houses,  kerosene  oil  stoves  may  be  used  for  domestic  purposes— to  be  filled 
when  cold,  by  davlight,  and  with  oil  of  lawful  fire  test  only. 

If  the  insured  property  shall  be  exposed  to  loss  or  damage  by  fire,  the  insured  shall 
make  all  reasonable  exertions  to  save  and  protect  the  same. 


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Policy  Forms,  Firb.  291 

In  case  of  any  loss  or  damaee  under  this  policy,  a  statement  in  writing,  signed  and 
sworn  to  by  the  insured,  shall  oe  forthwith  rendered  to  the  company,  setung  forth  the 
vmlae  of  the  property  insured,  the  interest  of  the  insured  therein,  all  other  insurance 
thereon,  tu  detail,  the  purposes  for  which  and  the  persons  by  whom  the  building  insured, 
or  containing  the  property  insured,  was  used,  and  the  time  at  which  and  manner  in  which 
the  Are  originated,  so  far  as  known  to  the  insured.  The  company  may  also  examine  the 
books  of  account  and  vouchers  of  the  insured,  and  make  extracts  from  the  same. 

In  case  of  any  loss  or  damage,  the  company,  within  sixty  days  after  the  Insured  shall 
have  submitted  a  statement,  as  providea  in  the  preceding  clause,  shall  either  pay  the 
amount  for  which  It  shall  be  liable,  which  amount  if  not  a^ed  upon  shall  be  ascertained 
by  award  of  referees  as  hereinafter  provided,  or  replace  uie  property  with  other  of  the 
same  kind  and  goodness, — or  it  may,  within  fifteen  days  after  such  statement  is  sub- 
mitted, notify  the  insured  of  its  intention  to  rebuild  or  repair  the  premises,  or  any 
portion  thereof  separately  insured  by  this  policy,  and  shall  thereupon  enter  upon  said 
premiaes  and  proceed  to  rebuild  or  repair  the  same  with  reasonable  expedition.  It  is 
moreorer  understood  that  there  can  he  no  abandonment  of  the  property  insured  to  the 
company,  and  that  the  companv  shall  not  in  anv  case  be  liable  for  more  than  the  sum 
Inaured,  with  interest  thereon  from  the  time  when  the  loss  shall  become  payable,  as 
above  provided. 

If  there  siiall  be  any  other  insurance  on  the  property  insured,  whether  prior  or  sub- 
sequent, the  insured  shall  recover  on  this  policy  no  greater  proportion  of  the  loss 
sustained  than  the  sum  hereby  insured  bears  to  the  whole  amount  Insured  thereon.  And 
whenever  the  oomnanv  shall  pay  any  loss,  the  insured  shall  assign  to  it,  to  the  extent  of 
the  amount  so  paid,  all  rights  to  recover  satisfaction  for  the  loss  or  damage  from  anv 
pervon,  town  or  other  corporation,  excepting  other  insurers;  or  the  Insured,  if  requesteu, 
shall  prosecute  therefor  at  the  charge  and  for  the  account  of  the  company. 

If  this  policy  shall  be  made  payable  to  a  mortgagee  of  the  insured  real  estate,  no  act 
or  default  of  anv  person  other  than  such  mortgagee  or  his  agents,  or  those  claiming 
under  him,  shall  effect  such  mortgagee's  right  lo  recover  in  case  of  loss  on  such  reiu 
estate;  provided^  that  the  mortgagee  shall,  on  demand,  pay  according  to  the  established 
scale  or  rates  for  any  increase  of  risks  not  paid  for  by  the  insured;  and  whenever  this 
company  shall  be  liable  to  a  mortgagee  for  any  sum  for  loss  under  this  policy,  for  which 
no  Ifobilitv  exists  as  to  the  mortgagor,  or  owner,  and  this  company  shall  elect  by  itself, 
or  with  others,  to  pay  the  mortgagee  the  full  amount  secured  oy  such  mortgage,  then 
the  roortgafpee  shall  assign  and  mmsf er  to  the  companies  interested,  upon  such  payment, 
the  said  mortgage,  together  with  the  note  and  debt  thereby  secured. 

This  policy  may  ne  cancelled  at  any  time  at  the  request  of  the  Insured,  who  shall 
thereupon  be  entitled  to  a  return  of  the  portion  of  the  above  premium  remaining,  after 
deducting  the  customary  monthly  short  rates  for  the  time  this  policy  shall  have  t>een  in 
force.  The  company  also  reserves  the  right,  after  giving  written  notice  to  the  insured, 
and  to  any  mortgagee  to  whom  this  policy  is  made  payable,  and  tendering  to  the  insured 
a  ratable  proportion  of  the  premium,  to  cancel  this  policy  as  to  all  risks  subsequent  to 
the  expiration  of  ten  davs  from  such  notice,  and  no  mortgagee  shall  then  have  the  right 
to  recover  as  to  such  risks. 

In  case  of  loss  under  this  policy  and  a  failure  of  the  parties  to  agree  as  to  the  amount 
of  loss,  it  is  mutually  agreed  that  the  amount  of  such  loss  shall  be  referred  to  three  dis- 
tnteresied  men,  the  company  and  the  insured  each  choosing  one  out  of  three  pernons  to 
be  named  by  the  other,  and  the  third  being  selected  by  the  two  so  chosen;  the  award  in 
writing  by  a  majority  of  the  referees  shall  oe  conclusive  and  final  upon  the  parties  as  to 
the  amount  of  loss  or  danuige.  and  such  reference  unless  waived  by  the  parties  shall  be 
a  condition  precedent  to  any  right  of  action  in  law  or  equity  to  recover  for  such  loss; 
bat  no  person  shall  be  chosen  or  act  as  referee,  against  the  objection  of  either  party, 
who  has  acted  in  a  like  capacity  within  four  months. 

No  suit  or  action  against  this  company  for  the  recovery  of  any  claim  by  virtue 
of  this  policy  shall  be  sustained  in  any  court  of  law  or  equity  in  this  commonwealth 
unleas  commenced  within  two  years  from  the  time  the  loss  occurred. 

Nbw  Hampshirb:  In  1885,  the  legislature  passed  a  law  direct- 
ing the  insurance  commissioner  to  prepare  a  standard  form  of  policy 
**for  companies  insuring  property  in  this  state."  The  rules  to  be 
observed  were  those  of  the  Massachusetts  law,  and  the  policy  itself  is  a 
close  copy  of  the  Massachusetts  form,  modified  by  the  peculiar  condi- 
tions of  the  New  Hampshire  laws,  which  are  chapter  172  of  the  general 
laws,  as  amended  by  chapter  78  of  the  laws#-of  1885.  Both  of  these 
laws  are  printed  on  the  back  of  the  standard  form,  under  a  require- 
ment of  the  law. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


292  POUCT  FOBMB,  FiBE. 

New  York:  In  iU  session  of  1886,  the  New  York  legislature 
passed  an  act  (Chapter  488)  to  provide  for  a  uniform  contract  or  policy 
of  fire  insurance,  requiring  the  insurance  superintendent  to  prepare 
such  a  policy,  unless  the  New  York  board  of  fire  underwriters  should, 
on  or  before  October  15,  1886,  file  a  form.  The  board  undertook  the 
task  immediately  upon  the  passage  of  the  law,  and  what  is  now  known 
as  the  "Standard  Fire  Insurance  Policy  of  the  State  of  New  York/' 
was  prepared  and  duly  filed  within  the  time  specified.  The  Massachu- 
setts standard  was  the  model  for  New  Hampshire,  but  the  under- 
writers of  New  York  believed  that  they  could  better  it,  and  so  calling 
to  their  councils  all  the  help  that  they  could,  the  committee  of  the 
New  York  board  spent  months  of  hard  work  in  reconciling  differences 
and  preparing  what  has  been  the  model  upon  which  all  subsequent 
*' standard  forms"  have  been  made.  This  New  York  standard  form 
reads : 

In  confiidcratfon  of  the  etipulutioni*  berfin  immed  and  of doUaT> 

premium  doe*  itifitirc for  the  term  of from  the day 

of 18. . . .,  at  noon,  to  the  . . .day  of 18. . . .,  at  noon,  apunKt  all  direct  k<» 

or  damage  by  flre,  except  a8  hereinafter  provided,  to  an  amount  not  excodin^ 

dollarc,  to  the  following  de(«cribed  property  while  located  ana  contained 

as  deHcrilH»d  herein,  and  not  elnewhere,  to  wit: 

This  company  nhall  not  be  liable  beyond  the  actual  cash  value  of  the  propcrtjr  at  tlir 
time  any  lot>s  or  damage  occurs,  and  the  \ot*»  or  damage  shall  be  a'^certained  or  estimateii 
according  to  such  actual  cash  value,  with  profier  deduction  for  depreciation,  howe\i  r 
caused,  and  shall  in  no  event  exceed  what  it  would  then  cost  the  insured  to  repair  or  re 
place  the  same  with  material  of  like  kind  and  quality;  said  ascertainment  or  eetimatr 
shall  Im>  made  by  the  Insured  and  this  company,  or,  If  they  differ,  then  by  appraistn>. 
as  hereinafter  provided;  and,  the  amount  of  loss  or  damage  having  been  thus  deter- 
mined, the  sum  for  which  this  company  is  liable  pursuant  to  this  policy  shall  be  pajah> 
sixty  days  after  due  notice,  ascertainment,  estimate,  and  satisfactory  proof  of  the  l<*si. 
have  been  received  by  this  company  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  this  policy.  ]: 
shall  be  optional,  however,  with  thin  company  to  take  all,  or  any  part,  of  the  articles  at 
such  ascertained  or  appraised  value,  and  also  to  repair,  rebuild,  or  replace  the  prupert} 
lost  or  damaged  with  other  of  like  kind  and  quality  within  a  reasonable  time  on  giviiiL' 
notice,  within  thirty  days  after  the  receipt  of  the  proof  herein  reauired,  of  its  int<ailiob 
so  to  do;  but  there  can  be  no  abandonment  to  this  company  of  the  property  described. 

This  entire  policy  shall  be  void  if  the  insured  has  concealed  or  misrepresented,  in 
writing  or  otherwise,  any  material  fact  or  circumstance  concerning  this  insurance  or  the 
subject  thereof*  or  if  the  interest  of  the  insured  in  the  property  be"  not  truly  stated  hero- 
in ;  or  in  case  of  any  fraud  or  fal^e  bwe^iring  by  the  insured  touching  any  matter  ivlatin^ 
to  this  insurance  or  the  subject  thereof,  whether  befoie  or  after  a  loss. 

This  entire  policy,  miless  otherwihc  provided  by  agreement  indorsed  hereon  or 
added  hereto,  shall  l)c  void,  if  the  insured  now  has  or  shall  hereafter  make  or  pT«K  urr 
any  other  contract  of  insurance,  whether  valid  or  not,  on  pn)perty  covered  in  wliole  or 
in  part  by  this  policv;  or  if  the  subject  of  insurance  be  a  manufacturing  estal>lishu;tu' 
ana  if  it  be  operateti  in  whole  or  in  part  at  night  later  than  10  o'clock^  or  if  it  cea.-^'  t<> 
be  o|)cratcd  for  more  than  ten  consecutive  days;  or  if  the  hazard  be  increased  by  any 
means  within  the  control  or  knowledge  of  the  insured;  or  if  mechanics  be  eraploMTl  iii 
building,  altering,  or  repairing  the  w  itliin  described  premises  for  more  than  fifteen  dav-- 
at  anyone  time;  or  if  tne  interest  of  the  insured  Ix;  otlier  than  unconditional  and  K»h- 
ownership;  or  if  the  subject  of  insunmce  Im;  a  buildluc;  on  ground  not  owned  by  the 
insured  in  fee  simnle;  or  if  the  subject  of  insurance  be  personal  property  and  be  <>: 
become  incumberea  by  a  chattel  mortgage;  or  if,  with  the  knowledge  of  the  in^urol. 
foreclosure  proceeclings  be  commence*!  or  notice  Ki\eu  of  sale  of  any  property  coven-d 
by  this  policy  by  virtue  of  any  mortgage  or  truj*t  devd;  or  if  any  change,  other  than  b} 
the  death  of  an  insured,  take  place  in  the  iniereht,  title,  or  possession  of  the  subjeri  oV 
insurance  (except  change  of  occupants  without  increase  of  hazard)  whether  by  le^.'^I 

Processor  iudgment  or  by  voluntiiry  act  of  the  iiiMircd,  or  othen^ise;  oi  if  this'pi>lit.^ 
e  assigned  beTorc  a  low;  or  if  illuiTiinatin^  gn>  or  vapor  lie  generated  in  the  dcKTribeii 
building  (or  adjacent  thcreti))  for  use  therein;  or  if  (unv  usage  or  custom  of  trade  t»r 
manufacture  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding)  there  bo*  kept,  u^ed,  or  allowed  on  thf 
above  described  premises,  benzine,  benzole,  dynamite,  etlier,  tireworks,  gaisoline,  grtet 
fire,  gunpowder  exceeding  twenty-five  pounds  in  quiiiilitv.  naphtha,  nitro-Klyceiiuo,  i»r 
Other  explosives,  phosphorus,  or  petroleum,  or  any  of  its  products  of  greater  inAamnia* 


Policy  Forms,  Firb.  S93 

niltty  than  kerosene  oil  of  the  United  States  ijitandard  (wliich  lafit  may  be  aaed  for  lishtfi 
and  kept  for  «alc  according  to  law,  but  in  quantitiefl  not  exceeding  five  barrels,  nrovided 
it  be  draw-n  ami  lampe  lllled  by  daylight  or  at  a  distance  not  lei's  than  ten  feet  from 
artificial  light);  or  if  a  building  herein  described,  whether  intended  for  occupancy  by 
owoer  or  tenant,  be  or  become  vacant  or  unoccupied  and  so  remain  for  ten  days. 

This  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  loss  c^msed  directly  or  indirectly  by  invasion, 
insurrection,  riot,  civil  war,  or  commotion,  or  millt^iry  or  nsuri)ed  power,  or  oy  order  of 
any  civil  authority;  or  by  tlieft:  or  by  neglect  of  the  insnrod  to  use  all  reasonable  means 
to  save  and  preserve  the  property  at  and  after  a  fire  or  when  the  property  is  endangered 
by  fire  in  the  neighboriug  premises;  or  (unless  fire  ensues,  and,  in  tha(  event,  for  the 
damage  by  fire  only)  by  explosion  of  any  kind,  or  lightning:  but  liability  for  direct 
damage  by  lightning  may  be  assumed  bv  specific  agreement  hereon. 

If  a  builmng  or  any  part  thereof  fall,  except  as  the  result  of  fire,  all  insurance  by 
thiB  policy  on  such  building  or  its  contents  shall  immediately  cease. 

This  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  loss  to  accounts,'  bills,  currency,  deeds,  evi- 
denceH  of  debt,  money,  notes,  or  securities;  nor,  unless  liability  is  specitlc^Uy  assumed 
hereon,  for  loss  to  awnings,  bullion,  casts,  curiosities,  drawings,  dies,  implements, 
jewels,  manuscripts,  medals,  models,  patterns,  pictures,  scientific  apparatus,  signs,  store 
or  office,  furniture  or  fixtures,  sculpture,  tools,  or  property  held  on  storage  or  for  repairs; 
nor,  beyond  the  actual  value  destroyed  by  fire,  for  loss  occasioned  by  ordinance  or  law 
regulating  constniction  or  repair  or  buildings,  or  by  interruption  of  business,  manufac- 
turing processes,  or  otherwise;  nor  for  any  greater  proportion  of  the  value  of  plate 
elaas,  frescoes,  and  decorations  than  that* which  this  policy  shall  bear  to  the  whole 
inonranoe  on  the  building  described. 

If  an  application,  survey,  plan,  or  description  of  property  be  referred  to  in  this 
policy  it  shall  be  a  part  of  this  contract  and  a  warranty  by  the  insured. 

In  any  matter  relating  to  this  insurance  no  person,  unless  duly  authorized  in  writing, 
shall  be  deemed  the  agent  of  this  company. 

This  policy  may,  by  a  renewal,  be  continued  under  the  original  stipulations,  in 
consideration  of  premium  for  the  renewed  term,  provided  that  any  increase  of  hazard 
must  be  made  known  to  this  company  at  the  time  of  renewal  or  this  policy  shall  be  void. 

This  policy  shall  be  concellea  at  any  time  at  the  request  of  the  insured,  or  by  the 


company,  by  jgiving  five  days'  notice  of  such  cancellation.  If  this  policy  shall  be  can- 
cell^  as  hereinbefore  provided,  or  become  void  or  cease,  the  premium  having  been  actu- 
ally paid,  the  unearned  portion  shall  be  returned  on  surrender  of  this  policy  or  lost 


renewal,  this  company  retaining  the  cnstoraarv  short  rate;  except  that  when  this  policy 
is  cancelled  by  this  company  by  giving  notice  It  shall  retain  only  the  pro  rata  premium. 

If,  with  the  consent  of  this  company,  an  interest  under  tnis  policy  shall  exist  in 
favor  of  a  mortgagee  or  of  any  person  or  corporation  having  an  interest  in  the  subject 
of  insurance  other  than  the  interest  of  the  insuriKl  as  descrujed  herein,  the  conditions 
bereini)efore  contained  shall  apply  in  the  manner  expressed  in  such  provisions  and 
conditions  of  insurance  relating  to  such  interest  as  shjili  l)e  written  upon,  attached,  or 
appended  hereto. 

If  property  covered  by  this  policy  is  so  endangered  by  fire  as  to  require  removal  to 
a  place  of  safety,  and  is  so  removed,  that  part  of  this  policy  in  excess  of  its  proportion 
of  any  loss  and  of  the  value  of  property  remaining  in  the  original  location  shall,  for  the 
ensuing  five  days  only,  cover  the  proj^erty  so  removed  in  ihe  new  location;  if  removed 
to  more  than  one  location,  such  excess  of  this  policy  shall  cover  therein  for  such  five 
days  in  the  proportioo  that  the  value  in  any  one  such  new  location  bears  to  the  value  in 
all  such  new  locations;  but  this  company  shall  nol^  in  case  of  removal,  whether  to  one 
or  more  locations,  be  liable  beyond  the  proportion  that  the  amount  hereby  insured  shall 
bear  to  the  total  insurance  on  the  whole  property  at  the  time  of  fire,  whether  the  some 
cover  in  new  location  or  not. 

If  fire  occur  the  Insured  shall  give  immediate  notice  of  ony  loss  thereby  in  writing 
to  this  company,  protect  the  property  from  further  damage,  forthwith  separate  the 
damaged  and  undamaged  personal  property,  put  it  in  the  best  possible  order,  make  a 
complete  Inventory  of  the  same,  stating  the  quantity  and  cost  of  each  article  and  the 
amount  claimed  thereon;  and,  within  60  days  after  the  fire,  unless  such  time  is  extended, 
in  writing  by  this  company,  shall  render  a  sUitement  to  this  company,  signed  and  sworn 
to  by  said  insured,  stating  the  knowledge  and  belief  of  the  insured  as  to  the  time  and 
origin  of  the  fire;  the  interest  of  the  insured  and  of  all  others  in  the  property;  the  cosh 
value  of  each  item  thereof  and  the  amount  of  loss  thereon;  all  incumbrances  thereon: 
all  other  insurance,  whether  valid  or  not,  covering  any  of  said  property;  and  a  copy  of  all 
the  descriptions  and  schedules  in  all  policies;  any  changes  in  the  title,  use,  occupation, 
location,  possession,  or  exposures  of  said  property  since  the  issuing  of  this  policy;  by 
whom  and  for  what  purpose  any  building  herein  aescribed  and  the  several  parts  thereof 
were  occupied  at  the  time  of  fire;  and  shall  furnish,  if  reqnired,  verified  plans  and  speci- 
fications of  any  building,  fixtures,  or  machinery  destroyed  or  damaged;  and  shall  also, 
If  required,  furnish  a  certificate  of  the  magistrate  or  notary  public  (not  interested  in  the 


d04  Policy  Pobmb,  FniB. 

clafm  w  a  creditor  or  otherwi8&,  nor  related  to  the  Inanrcd)  living  nearest  the  plaoe  of 
Are,  itatins  that  he  has  examined  the  circumstances  and  believes  the  insured  has  hon- 
estly sustained  loss  to  the  amount  that  such  magistrate  or  notaiy  public  shall  certify. 

The  insured,  as  often  as  required,  shall  exhibit  to  any  person  designated  by  thi» 
company  all  that  remains  of  any  property  herein  deecribed,  and  submit  to  examinatiowi 
under  oath  by  any  person  named  by  this  company,  and  subscribe  the  same:  and,  as  often 
as  reqoired,  shall  produce  for  examination  all  boolcs  of  account,  bills,  invoices,  and  other 
vouchers,  or  certified  copiet«  thereof  if  originals  be  lost,  at  such  reasonable  phu«  as  may 
be  designated  by  this  company  or  its  representative,  and  shall  permit  extracts  and  copies 
thereof  to  be  made. 

In  the  event  of  disagreement  as  to  the  amount  of  loss  the  same  shall,  as  above  pro- 
vided, be  ascertained  by  two  competent  and  disinterested  appraisers,  the  inaored  and 
thin  company  each  selecting  one,  and  the  two  so  chosen  shall  first  select  a  compeieiit 
and  disinterested  nmpire;  Uie  appraisers  together  shall  then  estimate  and  wpraiae  the 
loss,  stating  separately  sound  value  and  cuimage,  and,  failing  to  agree,  shall  sobmit 
their  differences  to  the  umpire;  and  the  award  in  wilting  of  any  two  snail  deiennliie  the 
amount  of  such  loss;  the  parties  thereto  shall  pay  the  appraiser  respectively  selected  by 
them,  and  shall  bear  equally  the  expenses  of  the  appraisal  and  umpire. 

This  company  shall  not  be  held  t«  have  waived  any  provision  or  condJtton  of  this 
policy  or  any  forfeiture  thereof  by  any  requirement,  act,  or  proceeding  on  ita  part  relat- 
ing to  the  appraisal  or  to  any  examination  herein  provided  for;  and^the  lose  ehall  not 
become  payable  until  sixty  days  after  the  notice,  ascertainment,  estimate,  and  aatifffac- 
tory  proof  of  the  loss  herein  required  have  been  received  by  this  company,  Indndiag  an 
award  by  appraisers  when  appraisal  has  been  required. 

This  company  shall  not  oe  liable  under  this  policy  for  a  greater  proportion  of  any 
loss  on  the  described  property,  or  for  loss  by  and  expenses  of  removal  from  preaalasa 
endangered  hv  fire,  than  the  amount  hereby  insured  shall  bear  to  the  whole  inaanMee. 
whether  valid  or  not.  or  by  solvent  or  insolvent  Insurers,  covering  snch  propatr,  and 
the  extent  of  the  application  of  the  insurance  under  this  poHcv  or  of  tk*  eoatriDntkm 
to  be  made  by  this  company  in  case  of  loss,  may  be  proviaed  lor  br  agreement  or 
condition  written  hereon  or  attached  or  appended  hereto.  UaUHty  for  re-insnrance 
shall  be  as  specifically  agreed  hereon. 

If  this  company  shall  claim  that  the  fire  was  canaed  by  the  act  or  neglect  of  any 
person  or  corporation,  private  or  municipal,  this  company  shall,  on  pavment  of  the  Iosh. 
he  subrogatca  to  the  extent  of  such  payment  to  all  right  of  recovenr  by  the  insured  for 
the  loss  resulting  therefrom,  and  such  right  shall  be  assigned  to  tnis  company  by  the 
insured  on  receiving  such  payment. 

No  suit  or  action  on  this  policy,  for  the  recovery  of  any  claim,  shall  be  soatalnahle 
in  any  court  of  law  or  equity  until  after  full  compliance  by  the  Insured  with  all  the  fons 
•       "     Uhint     '  -  *'       '     * 


going  requirements,  nor  unless  commenced  within  twelve  months  next  after  the  fire. 

Wherever  in  this  policy  the  word  "  insured  *'  occurs,  it  shall  be  held  to  Inclode  the 
legal  representative  or  the  Insored,  and  whomever  the  word  ''  loss  "  occnre,  it  shall  be 
deemi<l  the  equivalent  of  "  loss  or  damage.'* 

If  this  policy  be  made  by  a  mutual  or  other  company  having  special  regulations 
lawfully  applicable  to  ita  organization,  membership,  policies,  or  contracts  of  insurance. 
such  regulations  shall  apply  to  and  form  a  part  of  this  policy  as  the  same  may  be 
written  or  printed  opon,  attached,  or  appended  hereto. 

This  policy  Is  made  and  accepted  subject  to  the  foregoing  stipulations  and  cond!- 
tions,  together  with  such  other  provisions,  agreements,  or  conditions  as  mar  be  indoTMd 
hereon  or  added  hereto,  and  no  ofllcer,  agent,  or  other  representative  of  this  company 
shall  have  power  to  waive  any  provision  or  condition  of  this  policy  except  each  as  bV 
the  terms  of  this  policy  may  oe  the  subject  of  agreement  indorsed  hereon  or  added 
hereto,  and  as  to  such  provisions  and  conditions  no  ofllcer.  agent,  or  represeptative 
shall  have  such  power  or  oe  deemed  or  held  to  have  waived  such  provisions  or  oonditioiu 
unless  such  waiver,  if  any,  shall  be  written  upon  or  attached  hereto,  nor  shall  any 
privilege  or  permission  affecting  the  insurance  under  this  policy  exist  or  be  claimed  by 
the  insured  unless  so  written  or  attached. 

Unlike  the  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire  forms,  this  form  does 
not  permit  riders  which  may  change  anv  conditions  of  the  policj. 
Otherwise  the  law  gives  the  same  latitude  for  changes  that  are  found  in 
the  laws  of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire.  All  variations  from 
the  prescribed  form  are  provided  for  in  the  following  "  clauses/' which 
are  a  part  of  the  policy  and  cannot  be  altered : 
Application  and  Survey  daute : 

This  policy  is  baaed  upon  an  application  and  survey  of  the  property  on  file,  whidi 
is  hereby  referred  to  as  forming  part  of  this  policy. 


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Policy  Forms,  Firb.  !&95 

As§e$tment,  Installmmt^  or  Credit  douse  : 

If  ftny  assesament  or  installment,  or  any  part  of  the  preminm  for  which  credit  Is 
given,  be  not  paid  when  due,  the  whole  premium  ehall  oe  considered  earned  and  be 
immediately  payable,  and  this  policy  shall  be  void  so  long  as  any  part  of  such  premium 
remaine  unpaid. 
Oi}-Inaur€mee  Clause: 

If  at  the  time  of  Are  the  whole  amount  of  insurance  on  the  property  covered  by 
this  policy  shall  be  leaa  than  the  actual  cash  value  thereof,  this  company  shall,  in  case 
of  loss  or  damage,  be  liable  for  such  portion  only  of  the  loss  or  damage  as  the  amount 
insured  by  this  policy  shall  bear  to  the  acttul  cash  value  of  such  property. 
Oo-Jfuurance  Clause— For  Floatinff  Policy  : 

It  ia  hereby  declared  and  agreed  that  in  case  the  property  aforesaid  in  nil  the  build- 
ings, places,  or  limits  included  in  this  insurance  shall  at  the  breaking  out  of  any  fire,  or 
flree,  be  collectively  of  greater  value  than  the  sum  insured,  then  this  company  shall  pay 
and  make  good  such  a  portion  only  of  the  loss  or  damage  as  the  sum  insured  shall  bear 
to  the  whole  value  of  the  property  aforesaid  at  the  time  when  such  fire,  or  fires,  shall 
first  happen. 

But  It  is  at  the  same  time  declared  and  agreed  that  if  any  specific  parcel  of  i 
'    '  "    -  •  '    •  ufidii  ' 


iDcloded  in  the  terms  of  the  pollcry,  or  such  goods  in  any  specified  building  or  boild- 
IngB,  place  or  places,  within  the  limits  of  this  insurance,  shall  at  the  time  of  any  fire  be 
insured  in  this  or  any  other  oflftce,  this  policy  shall  not  extend  to  cover  the  same,  ex- 
cepting only  so  far  as  relates  to  any  excess  of  value  beyond  the  amount  of  such  specific 
insurance  or  insurances,  and  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  loss,  unless  the  amount  of  such 
loss  shall  exceed  the  amount  of  such  specific  insurance  or  insurances,  which  said  excess 
only  is  declared  to  be  under  the  protection  of  this  policy  and  subject  to  average,  as 
aforesaid. 

It  being  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  this  agreement  that  this  company  shall  not 
be  liable  for  any  loss,  unless  the  amount  of  such  Toss  shall  exceed  the  amount  of  the 
specific  insurance  or  insurances,  and  then  only  for  such  excess,  which  said  excess  shall 
be  subject  to  average  as  above. 
Co-Irmtrance  Clause— For  Application  to  Specific  Items  of  Policy : 

If  at  the  time  of  fire  the  whole  amount  of  insurance  on  the  property  covered  by 

the item,  .of  this  policy  on shall  be  less  than  the  actual  cash 

valne  thereof,  this  company  shall,  in  case  of  loss  or  damage,  be  liable  for  only  such  a 
portion  of  such  loss  or  damage  as  the  amount  insured  under  said  item,  .shall  bear  to 
the  actual  cash  value  of  proi^y  covered  by  such  item . . . 
OondUion  as  to  Incumbrances  : 

U  the  property,  real  or  personal,  covered  by  this  policy  be  or  become  incumbered 
by  a  mortgage,  trust,  deed.  Judgment,  or  otherwise,  this  entire  policy  shall  be  void, 
unless  othca*wise  provided  by  agreement  indorsed  hereon  or  added  hereto. 
Lightning  Clause: 

This  policy  Bhall  cover  any  direct  loss  or  damage  cansed  by  lightning  (meaning 
thereby  the  commonly  accepted  use  of  the  term  lightning,  and  in  no  case  to  mclude  loss 
or  damage  by  cyclone,  tornado,  or  wind-storm),  not  exceeding  the  sum  insured,  nor  the 
interest  of  the  insured  in  the  property,  and  subject  m  all  other  respects  to  the  terms  and 
conditions  of  this  policy.  Provided^  however,  if  there  shall  be  any  other  insurance  on 
said  property,  this  company  shall  be  liable  only  pro  rata  with  such  other  insurance  for 
auy  direct  loss  by  lightning,  whether  such  other  insurance  be  against  direct  loss  by 
lightning  or  not. 
MorUjagt  (Muse: 

Loss  or  damage,  if  any,  under  this  policy,  shall  be  payable  to as  mort- 
gagee [or  trustee]  as  interest  may  appear,  and  this  insurance,  as  to  the  interest  of  the 
mortgagee  [or  trustee]  only  therein,  shall  not  be  invalidated  by  any  act  or  neglect  of  the 
mortgagor  or  owner  of  the  within  described  property,  nor  by  any  foreclosure  or  other 
proc^(fing  or  notice  of  sale  relating  to  property,  nor  by  any  change  in  the  title  or  owner- 
ship of  the  property,  nor  by  the  occupation  of  the  premises  for  purposes  more  hazard- 
ous than  are  permitted  by  this  policy;  provided,  that  in  case  the  mortgagor  or  owner 
shall  neglect  to  pay  any  premium  due  under  this  policy,  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee] 
shalU  on  demand,  pay  the  same. 

Providsd  also,  that  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  shall  notify  this  company  of  any 
change  of  ownership  or  occupancy  or  incresBe  of  hazard  which  shall  come  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  said  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  and  unless  permitted  by  this  policy,  it  shall  be  noted 
thereon  and  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  shall,  on  demand,  pay  the  premium  for  such  in- 
creaaed  hacard  for  the  term  of  the  use  thereof;  otherwise  this  policy  shall  be  null  and 
void. 

This  company  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  this  policy  at  any  time  as  provided  by  its 


.,__/Google 


296  Policy  Fobvs,  Pir«. 

term^i,  but  in  Kiirh  cn»(»  thift  policy  shall  continue  in  force  for  the  benefit  onlj  of  the 
mortfjraKec  [or  triwU-e]  for  ten  dnys  after  the  notice  to  the  mortgagee  (or  tmsteej  of  ?ucb 
cimceilation  and  nhall  then  ceane,  aiul  thin  company  iihail  have  the  rights  on  lilce  ootk^. 
to  cancel  ihli*  aKreonient. 

Whenever  this  ci>m{Ntny  Hhall  nay  the  mortgagee  for  truetee]  any  ««nm  for  1(kv  or 
damage  under  thin  policy  and  nhali  claim  that,  ax  to  the  mortgagor  or  own«>r,  no  liabil- 
ity therefor  existed,  thi8  company  shal),  to  the  extent  of  ^nch  payment,  be  tbereiiii^A 
legally  subrogated  to  all  the  rights  of  the  party  to  whom  such  payment  riiali  be  made, 
under  all  securltioe  held  aa  collateral  to  the  mortgage  debt,  or  may  at  its  option  pay  to 
the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  the  whole  principal  due  or  to  grow  due  on  the  mcnrfga^with 
interest,  and  shall  thereupon  roceivc  a  full  assignment  and  ti^insfer  of  the  mongai^ 
and  of  all  such  other  securities;  but  no  subrogation  shall  impair  the  right  of  the 

mortgagee  [or  trustee]  to  recover  the  full  amount  of claim. 

Mortgage  Clav$e  iviih  Full  Contribfttion : 

Lom  or  damage,  if  any,  under  this  policy,  shall  be  payable  to a». 

aa  mortgagee  [or  trustee],  as  inten>8t  may  apfiear,  and  this  insurance,  as  to  the  inters: 
of  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  only  therein,  shall  not  be  invalidateil  by  any  actomeglcit 
of  the  mor^B:ii«:or  or  owner  of  the  within-deecribed  property,  nor  by  any'  foreclor<are  a 
other  proceeding  or  notice  of  sale  relating  to  the  property,  nor  by  any  change  in  th*" 
title  or  ownership  of  the  property,  nor  i)y  the  occupation  of  the  premises  for  purpO!«9 
more  hazardous  than  are  permitted  by  this  policy;  providsd^  that  in  case  the  mortca^ 
or  owner  shall  neglect  to  pay  any  premium  due  under  this  policy,  the  mortgagee  [nr 
trustee]  shall,  on  demand,  pay  the  same. 

Provided  also,  that  the  mortgagt>e  [or  trustee]  shall  notify  this  company  of  any 
change  of  ownership  or  occupancy  or  increase  of  hazard  which  shall  come  to  ih-.- 
Icnowledgc  of  said  mortgagee  [or  trustee],  and  iniless  permitted  by  this  policy,  ii  i^KaJ" 
bo  noted  thereon,  and  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  shall  on  demand  pay  the  premium  f<^ 
such  increased  hazard  for  the  term  of  the  use  thereof;  otherwise  this  policy  shall  bf 
null  and  void. 

This  company  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  this  policy  at  any  time  as  provided  by  iti« 
terms,  but  in  sucn  case  this  policy  shall  continue  in  force  for  the  benefit  only  of  ibr 
mortgagee  [or  trustee]  for  ten  days  after  notice  to  the  mortgagee  [or  tnufteel*  of  swi 
cancellation,  and  shall  then  cea«e,  and  this  company  shall  liave  the  right,  on  like  uotkr. 
to  cancel  this  agreement. 

In  case  of  any  other  insurance  upon  the  within-described  properly,  this  cnmpar.j 
shall  not  be  liable  under  this  policy  for  a  greater  proportion  of  any  lo«8  or  damage  m:^ 
talned  than  the  sum  hereby  insured  bears  to  the  whole  araonnt  of  insurance  oo  s«ki 
property,  issued  to  or  held  by  any  party  or  parties  having  an  insurable  interest  thcrdn. 
whether  as  owner,  mortgagee,  or  otherwise. 

Whenever  this  company  shall  pay  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  any  sum  for  Ioas  i^ 
damage  under  this  policy,  and  shall  claim  that,  as  \o  the  mortgagor  or  owner,  no  Uabil 
fty  therefor  existed,  this  company  shall,  to  the  extent  of  such  payment,  be  thereupon 
legally  subrogated  to  all  the  rights  of  the  party  to  whom  such  payments  shall  be  madr. 
under  all  securities  held  as  collateral  to  the  mortgage  debt,  or  may,  at  its  option,  pay  t^ 
the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  the  whole  principal  due  or  to  grow  due  on  the  vaon^figf  with 
interest,  and  shall  thereupon  receive  a  full  assignment  and  transfer  of  the  mortg;^  ac^J 
of  all  such  other  securities;  but  no  subrogation  shall  Impair  the  right  of  the  mortgeifee 

[or  trustee]  to  recover  the  full  amount  of claim. 

Mortgagee  Clavse—When  Oumer  Hat  No  Intereet  in  the  Insurance: 

It  is  hereby  siiecially  understood  and  agreed,  that  this  policy  Is  for  the  benefit  rf 
the  mortgajBfee  [or  trustee]  only,  the  owner  having  no  interest  whatever  therein. 

And  It  is  further  agreed,  that  whenever  this  company  shall  pay  the  mortgagee  asy 
sum  for  loss  under  this  policy,  this  company  shall  at  once  be  legally  aubrogatea  to  &L 
the  rights  of  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee],  under  all  the  securities  neld  as  collateral  to  ^ 
mortgage  debt  to  ^e  extent  of  such  payment,  but  such  subrogation  shall  not  impair 
the  nght  of  the  mortgagee  [or  trustee]  to  recover  the  full  amount  of  hie  claim. 
Percentage  Co-Insurance  Clavse: 

If  at  the  time  of  fire  the  whole  amount  of  insurance  on  the  property  covertd  ^} 
this  policy  shall  be  less  than per  cent,  of  the  actual  cash  vafue  thereof,  \hU  ctvoi- 

Sany  shall,  in  case  of  loss  or  damage,  be  liable  for  only  such  portion  of  such  k>it'  of 
amage  as  the  amount  insured  by  this  policy  shall  bear  to  the  said per  cent,  of 

the  actual  cash  value  of  such  property. 
Percentage  Co-Insurance  and  LUmtation  Clmise : 

If  at  the  time  of  the  fire  the  whole  amount  of  insurance  on  the  property  coA-ered  br 

this  policy  shall  be  leas  than per  cent,  of  the  actual^cash  value  thereof,  thi^  ci*i- 

pany  shall,  in  case  of  loss  or  damage,  be  liable  for  such  portion  onlv  of  the  loss  or  diss 
age  as  the  amount  insured  by  this  policy  shall  bear  to  the  said. . ..'... .per  cent  of  Lhe 


ioogle 


Policy  Fobhs,  l^mA,  d97 


BCtoal  cash  valne  of  such  property;  pnvidedf  that  in  cane  the  whole  inenrance  shall 

exceed.  per  cent  of  the  actual  caah  valne  of  the  property  covered  by  this  policy, 

this  company  shall  not  be  liable  to  pay  more  than  its  pro  rata  share  of  said per 


cent,  of  ue actual  cash  value  of  such  property;  and  soould  the  whole  insurance  at  the 
time  of  lire  exceed  the  said  per  cent.,  a  pro  rata  retam  of  premiam  on  each  excess  of 
insaraace  from  the  time  of  the  Are  to  the  expiration  of  this  policy  shall  be  made  on 
sarrender  of  the  policy. 
FtrcetUage  Oo-Iruuranoe  (Uaute—For  Application  to  Spedfic  Items  qf  Bolicy  : 

If  at  the  time  of  fire  the  whole  amoont  of  insurance  on  the  property  covered  by 

the item.. of  this  policy  on shall  be  less  than per  cent,  of 

the  actnal  cash  value  thereof,  this  company  shall,  in  case  of  loss  or  damage,  be  liable 
for  only  such  portion  of  such  lose  or  damage  as  the  amount  insured  under  such  item. . 

shall  bear  to  toe  said per  cent  of  the  actual  cash  value  of  the  property  covered 

by  each  item.. 

Percmtage  Oo-Huurance  and  JAmUaUon  CUam—For  Application  to  Sptc^fic  Items  qf 
J\dicy: 

If  at  the  time  of  fire  the  whole  amount  of  Insurance  on  the  property  covered  by  the 

item,  .of  this  policy  on shall  be  leas  than per  cent,  of  the  actual 

caeb  value  thereof,  this  company  shall  In  case  of  loss  or  damage  oe  liable  for  only  such 
portion  of  such  loes or  damase  as  tiie  amount  insured  under  said  item.. shall  bear  to 

the  said per  cent  of  the  actual  cash  value  of  property  covered  by  such  item. . : 

provided^  that  in  case  the  whole  insurance  on  the  property  covered  by  said  item,  .shall 

exceed per  cuit.  of  the  actual  cash  value  of  the  same,  this  company  shall  not  on 

aiud  item,  .be  liable^o  pay  more  than  its  pro  rata  share  of  said per  cent,  of  the 

actual  cash  value  of  such  property;  and  should  the  whole  insurance  on  said  item,  .at 

the  time  of  the  fire  exceed  the  said per  cent.,  a  pro  rata  return  of  premium  on 

such  excess  of  insurance  from  the  time  of  the  fire  to  the  expiration  of  this  policy  shall 
be  made  on  sarrender  of  the  policy. 
nereentage  Vahte  Olaute: 

If  at  the  time  of  fire  the  whole  amount  of  insurance  on  the  property  covered  by 

thin  ptdicy  shall  exceed per  cent  of  the  actual  cash  value  thereof,  this  company 

In  case  or  loss  or  damage  shall  not  be  liable  to  pav  more  than  its  pro  rata  share  of  said 

percent,  of  the  actual  cash  value  of  sucn  property;  and  should  the  whole  in- 

saranoe  at  the  time  of  fire  exceed  the  said  per  cent,  a  pro  rata  return  of  premium  on 
Buch  excess  of  insurance  from  the  time  of  fire  to  the  expiration  of  this  poucy  shall  be 
made  on  sarrender  of  the  policy. 

Percentage  Value  Olaute— For  Application  to  Specyic  Items  qf  Poliey  : 

If  at  the  time  of  fire  the  whole  amount  of  insurance  on  the  property  covered  by 

the item,  .of  this  policv  on shall  exceed per  cent  of  the  actual 

cash  value  thereof,  this  company  in  case  of  loss  or  damage  shall  not  be  liable  to  pav 

more  than  its  pro  rata  share  of  said per  cent  of  me  actual  cash  value  of  such 

property;  and  should  the  whole  insurance  on  said  item,  .at  the  time  of  fire  exceed  the 
said  per  cent.,  a  pro  rata  return  of  premium  on  such  excess  of  insurance  from  the  time 
of  the  fire  to  the  expiration  of  this  policy  shall  be  made  on  surrender  of  the  policy. 

This  policy  became  the  only  one  lawfully  in  use  in  the  state  of  New 
Tork  on  and  after  May  1,  1887. 

MiCHiOAN.  The  Michigan  legislature  in  1881  passed  an  act  pro- 
Tiding  for  a  commission  composed  of  the  attorney -general,  the  insur- 
ance commissioner,  and  "  some  suitable  person  "  to  be  appointed  by  the 
governor,  to  prepare  a  standard  form  of  fire  insurance  policy,  and  to 
report  the  same  to  the  insurance  commissioner,  who  should  thereupon 
proclaim  it  to  be  the  only  policy  form  lawfully  in  use  in  Michigan. 
The  commission  held  meetings  and  consulted  with  fire  underwriters  and 
adopted  a  form,  which,  however,  was  not  reported,  and  the  matter 
drifted  along  until  1888,  when  the  governor  appointed  a  new  commis- 
sion, which,  after  consultation  with  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Under- 
writers, agreed  on  the  New  York  standard  policy,  with  three  changes. 
This  form  went  into  effect  in  Michigan  July  1,  1889.  The  changes 
were  the  insertion  of  the  words  in  parentheses  in  the  following  clauses: 

If  an  application,  sorvey,  plan,  or  description  of  property  be  referred  to  in  this 

'   r  it  Bhafi  be  a  part  of  this  contract  and  a  warranty  by  the  insared  (as  to  material 


-«•       14    _  „.„„ogle 


te8  PouCT  ^oBicB,  Visa. 

In  any  matter  relating  to  (the  procoring  of)  this  ineorance  no  person,  onlesa  da\j 
authoriaed  In  writing,  shall  be  deemed  the  agent  of  thl«  company. 

And  where  the  New  York  form  says  that  the  award  of  two  ap- 
praisers shall  "determine"  the  amount  of  loss,  the  Michigan  form 
says  that  it  shall  "  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  "  the  amount  of  loss. 

Minksbota:  The  Minnesota  legislature  passed  a  uniform  fire 
insurance  policy  law  in  1889;  the  insurance  commissioner  adopted  and 
filed  the  New  York  form  without  alteration,  and  it  became  the  only 
lawful  policy  in  Ihe  state  on  December  81,  1889. 

North  Dakota:  The  North  Dakota  uniform  policy,  a  copy  of 
the  New  York  form,  went  into  force  October  1,  1890,  as  preYiouslj 
stated. 

Wibconbik:  The  law  of  this  state,  passed  in  1891,  directed  the 
commissioner  of  insurance  to  prepare  and  file  on  or  before  July  1, 
1891,  a  standard  policy  which  shall  "  conform  to  the  type  and  form  of 
the  New  York  standard  fire  insurance  policy;  provided,  howeyer,  that 
five  days'  notice  oi  cancellation  by  the  company  shall  be  given  and 
provided  that  proof  of  loss  shall  be  made  within  sixty  days  after  a 
fire."  This  policy  went  into  force  September  1,  1891.  A  variation 
from  the  New  York  form  was  necessary  to  cover  the  valued-policy  law 
of  Wisconsin,  and  is  so  worded  that  should  that  law  be  repeal^,  there 
will  not  need  to  be  any  change  in  the  form.  It  reads:  "  £xcept  when 
otherwise  provided  by  statute,  this  company  shall  not  be  liable  beyond 
the  actual  cash  value."  The  words  of  the  New  York  form  *'  in  any 
matter  relating  to  this  insurance  no  person,  unless  dulv  authorized  in 
writing,  shall  be  deemed  the  agent  of  this  company,  were  left  out 
because  the  statutes  of  Wisconsin,  section  1977,  state  what  shall  con- 
stitute agency.  The  only  other  deviation  from  the  New  York  form  is 
the  omission  of  the  paragraph : 

No  rait  or  action  on  this  policy,  for  the  recovery  of  any  claim,  shall  be  sustaiDable- 
in  any  conrt  of  law  or  eqai^  until  after  fall  compliance  by  the  insured  with  all  the 
foregoing  requirements,  nor  unless  commenced  within  twelve  months  next  after  the  fin. 

This  was  omitted  in  deference  to  the  Wisconsin  statute  of  limita- 
tions. 

Pbnnsylvakia:  The  law  passed  in  1891,  directed  the  commis- 
sioner to  "prepare  and  file  at  his  office  on  or  before  the  15th  day  of 
November,  1891,  a  printed  form  in  blank  of  a  contract  or  policy  of  fire 
insurance,  etc.,"  which  would  beeome  the  only  lawful  policy  on  Mav 
1,  1892.  The  policy  adopted  by  the  commissioner  is  an  exact  copy  of 
the  New  York  standard  policy  (except  as  to  the  verbal  variations  neces- 
sary to  make  it  applicable  to  Pennsylvania),  and  it  has  for  its  caption, 
**  Standard  Fire  Insurance  Policy  of  the  states  of  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania. 

Nbw  Jbrbbt:  The  act  of  1893  provides  that  the  commissioner  of 
banking  and  insurance  *'  shall  prepare  a  printed  form  in  blank  of  a 
contract  or  policy  of  fire  insurance  together  with  such  provisions, 
agreements,  or  conditions  as  may  be  indorsed  thereon  or  added  thereto, 
and  form  a  part  of  such  contract  or  policy,  and  file  the  same  in  the 
office  of  the  secretary  of  state,  on  or  before  July  1,  1892,  similar  in  ail 
respects,  except  as  hereinafter  mentioned,  to  the  contract  or  policr 
provided  by  law  for  the  states  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  aa^ 

.,y.  zed  by  Google 


PoLiCT  F0BM8,  Fraa.  2d9 

such  form  when  filed,  shall  be  known  and  dedicated  as  TTie  Standard 
F%re  Ifuuranee  Policy  of  the  States  of  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and 
New  Jeney"  The  exception  referred  to  above  has  reference  only  to 
the  changes  in  phraseology  necessary  to  make  the  policy  apply  to  iNew 
Jersey. 

OoiTKBCTiCTTT:  The  act  of  1893  directs  that  no  fire  insurance  com- 
pany shall  issue  fire  insurance  policies  on  property  in  this  state  other 
than  those  of  the  standard  form  filed  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of 
state,  known  and  designated  as  the  '*  Standard  Fire  Insurance  Policy 
of  the  State  of  Connecticut/'  except  as  follows: 

A  company  may  print  on  or  in  Its  pollcIeB  Its  name,  location,  and  date  of  incorpor- 
ation, the  amount  of  its  paid-up  capital  stock,  the  names  of  its  ofllctTs  and  agents,  the 
naniber  and  date  of  the  policv,  and,  if  it  be  issued  through  an  aeent,  the  worUH,  "  This 
policy  sliall  not  be  valia  until  countersigned  by  the  duly  authorized  manager  or  agent 

of  the  company  at ,  and  after  the  words  '*  Standard  Fire  Insurance  I'ulicy  of 

the  State  of  Connecticut,^'  on  the  back  of  the  form,  the  nameH  of  such  other  states  as 
have  adopted  this  standard  form. 

A  company  may  use  in  its  policies  written  or  printed  forms  of  description  and  spec- 
iiicatl<m  of  the  property  insured. 


in  case  of  other  insnrance,  the  words,  "  whether  by  Are.  lightning,  or  both." 

A  company  may  write  upon  the  margin  or  across  the  face  of  a  policy,  or  write  or 

Brint  in  type  not  smaller  than  long  primer,  upon  separate  slips  or  riders  to  be  attached 
lereto,  proTisions  adding  to  or  modifying  those  contained  in  the  standard  form;  and 
all  ench  slipe,  riders,  and  provisions  must  be  signed  by  the  officers  or  agent  of  the 
company  so  oiring  them. 


Bvery  mntoaT  company  shall  cause  to  appear  in  the  body  of  its  policy  the  total 

t  for  which  the  assured  ma   *    "  ■ -     .- 

d  standard  form  of  po 

type  smaller  than  tiie  type  ut 

of  ttie  secretary  of  the  state,  and  snail  be  as  follows:  to  wit 


amonnt  for  which  the  assured  may  be  liable  under  the  charter  of  said  company. 

The  said  standard  form  of  policy  shall  be  plainly  printed,  and  no  portion  tnereoi 
{•ball  be  in  type  smaller  than  Uie  type  used  in  printing  the  said  form  on  file  in  the  office 


The  form  prescribed  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  New  York  standard 
form.  The  act  also  provides  that  a  company  willfully  violating  the 
law  by  issuii^  a  policy  other  than  the  standard  policy  shall  be  pun- 
ished by  a  nne  of  not  less  than  (50  nor  more  than  |200  for  each 
ottenee,  but  such  policy  shall  nevertheless  be  binding  on  the  company 
issuing  the  same.    The  act  is  to  take  effect  January  1,  1894. 

NoBTTH  Carolina:  Section  6  of  the  insurance  act  of  1898  is  as 
follows,  in  full: 

Sxo.  5.  The  "standard  Are  insnrance  policy,"  as  prescribed  and  set  out  in  section 
181  of  the  insnrance  law  of  New  York,  sliall  be  exclusively  use^l  in  this  state  by  all  Are 
innurance  componieti,  from  and  after  May  1, 1893.  The  secretary  of  state  shall  keep  a 
form  of  said  policy  on  file  in  his  office  for  comparison  and  inspection. 

South  Dakota:  The  act  approved  February  17.  1898,  provides 
that  "  the  state  auditor  shall  prepare  and  file  in  his  oflQce  on  or  before 
August  1,  1898,  a  printed  form  in  blank  of  a  contract  or  policy  of  fire 
insurance,  together  with  provisions,  agreements,  or  conditions  as  may 
be  endorsed  thereon  "  which  when  filed  shall  be  known  and  designated 
as  '*The  South  Dakota  Standard  Policy."  It  is  further  directed  that 
the  form  shall  conform  to  the  New  York  standard  form,  ''provided, 
however,  that  five  days  notice  of  cancellation  by  the  company  shall  be 
given,  and  provided  that  proof  of  loss  shall  be  made  within  sixty  days 
after  a  fire.  The  form  must  be  used  on  and  after  October  1,  1898. 
Mutnal  companies  are  exempted  from  using  the  policy. 

It  should  be  added  that  many  companies  have  adopted  the  Kew   t 


dOO  POUCT  PoRlfS,  LiFB.    . 

York  standard  for  use  wherever  there  is  no  other  compulsory  form,  so 
that,  with  the  exception  of  the  slight  changes  made  by  the  Michigan 
form,  and  the  special  forms  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampahire,  a 
uniform  policy  is  written  by  the  leading  companies  all  over  the  United 

Stetes. 

LIFB  IN8UBANOB. 

^TNA  LiFB  Inburancb  Compant.  Portiapotinff  Ordinary  JJfe 
Policy,    The  following  is  the  form  of  this  policy: 

This  polfcv  of  InBanmce  witQeBseih,  that  the  jfitna  Life  ixumrence  compAny,  in  cod- 
slderation  of  tne  repreeentationg  and  declaratioiu  made  to  it  In  the  application  for  thk. 

policy,  and  of  t^c  annoal  premium  of dollars  and centa,  to  be  paid  to 

It  at  or  before  five  o'clock,  p.  x.,  of  the day  of in  each  and 

eveiy  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  pollcT, 

Hereby  ineurem  the  life  of {hereinafter  called  the  insured),  of 

for  the  term  of  his  natural  life.  In  the  sum  of dollars ;  payable  on  sorrender 

of  this  policy  at  the  ofHce  of  said  company,  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  to 

or  in  event  of . . .  .death  before  his,  to  nis  executors,  administrators,  or  assiKna,  within 
ninety  davs  after  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  said  insured  during  tn«  continu- 
ance of  t^is  pollcv  ;  auv  portion  of  the  whole  premium  for  the  current  year  remaining 
unpaid,  or  any  other  inacDtedness  to  said  company  on  account  of  this  policy  bidng  fin^ 
deaucted  therefrom. 
This  policy  is  iuved  and  accepted  tubjeet  to  the  following  provisiOMt  rtauirementM,  and 

ben^fiUy  and  to  Uiom  aUo  which  are  printed  on  the  next  page^  which  are  herebg 

r^erred  to  and  made  a  j>art  hereof: 

Sbction  1.  This  policy  shall  not  talce  effect  until  the  first  premium  hereon  shall 
have  been  actuallv  paid,  daring  the  lifetime  and  good  health  of  the  insured,  and  within 
sixty  days  from  tne  date  hereof  (a  receipt  for  which  pavment  shall  be  the  delivery  of  tias 
policv),  and  if  any  subseauent  premium  be  not  paid  when  due  during  the  lifetime  of  the 
said  insured,  then  this  policv  shall  cease  and  determine,  except  as  hereinafter  provided : 
and  no  premium  on  this  policy  shall  be  considered  paid  unless  a  receipt  shall  be  givm 
therefor,  signed  by  an  executive  officer  of  said  company. 

Section  2.  When  the  premiums  on  this  policy  have  been  paid  as  they  become  doe 
for  three  years  or  more,  and  default  thereaf tw  occurs  in  the  payment  of  any  prvmiam. « 


paid-up  non-participating  stock  policy  will  be  issued,  in  accordance  with  the  printed 
table  on  the  reverse  of  this  pase, provided  this  policv  is  surrendered  and  retnmed  to  said 
company,  and  application  made  for  said  paid-up  policy,  within  twelve  months  from  tbt 


time  of  the  first  default  In  the  payment  of  premium ;  otherwise,  this  policy  shall  become 
and  be  null  and  void,  except  as  provided  in  Section  8  of  these  conditions  ;  and  in  dc-trT- 
mlning  the  amount  of  paid-up  insurance  to  be  issued,  the  premiums  paid  for  entire  ycaxv 
only  will  be  considered. 

Section  8.  In  every  case  when  this  policv  shall  be  or  become  void,  if  the  premlniDS 
for  three  entire  years  have  been  paid,  the  legal  reser^'e  at  the  end  of  the  last  policy  year 
for  which  the  entire  premium  has  thon  been  paid,  calculated  according  to  the  actnarief' 
table  of  mortality  and  four  per  cent.  Interest,  shall  not  be  forfeited  to  said  company,  bnt 
the  same  shall  be  due  and  payable  in  ninety  days  after  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of 
the  said  insured. 

ProrieioM,  requirement,  and  berujlts  which  are  made  a  part  qf  the  icriUen  pdin!- 
Section  4.  The  answers,  representations,  and  declarations  contained  in  or  endorsed 
upon  the  application  of  this  iiiHurance  (which  application,  endorsed  hereon,  is  benrbf 
referred  to  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract),  are  warranted  to  be  true;  and  if  thi«  policy 
has  been  obtained  by  fraud,  misrepresentation,  or  concealment;  or  if  the  insured  shal. 
commit  suicide;  or  if  he  shall  become  so  far  Intemperate  as  to  impair  his  health  or 
induce  delirium  trcmciw«;  or  if  he  shall  travel  or  reside  outside  of  the  United  Stat**, 
Canada,  or  Europe,  including  the  waters  connecting  those  countries,  or  in  the  rnir«=»l 
States  south  of  the  8Sd  degree  of  north  latitude,  during  any  part  of  the  months  of  Julj. 
August^  Septeml)or,  or  October;  or  if  he  shall  be  personally  engaged  in  blasting,  mining, 
aeronautic,  or  submarine  oi)erations;  or  in  the  manufacture  of  explosive  substances;  or 
emploved  on  or  about  any  moving  railway  cars  or  engine,  or  on  anv  ship  or  boat;  or  if 
he  shall  engage  in  any  army  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war;  then,  in  each  and  erer^  of 
the  foregoing  cases,  this  policy  shall  become  and  be  null  and  void,  except  as  provide! 
in  sections  8  and  6. 

Section  5.  -  After  the  death  of  the  insured,  if  it  occurs  three  vears  or  more  from  tbe 
date  hereof,  three  full  years'  premiums  having  been  paid  and  the  asc  correctly  statai 
this  policy  shall  be  indisputable  for  the  conditions  named  in  section  4,  except  sp  ?' 
army  or  naval  senicc  in  time  of  war;  but  said  company  rescr>'c  the  right  to  enfortt 


Policy  Fobmb^  Lifb.  801 

its  provfBioiiB  as  to  fnad,  miarepresentatioii,  or  intemperance,  daring  the  lifetime  of  the 
iiMured. 

SBcnoK  6.  Any  alignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  attached  hereto,  and  a  codt  thereof 
fnmiahed  said  company;  and  any  claim  against  said  company  arising  under  this  policy 
made  by  any  assignee,  shall  be  subject  to  proof  of  interest;  but  in  no  case  does  said  com- 
pany guarantee  the  yailidity  of  an  assignment. 

SscTioN  7.  All  agreements  made  by  said  company  are  signed  by  one  of  its  executive 
officers.  No  other  person  can  alter  or  waive  any  of  the  conditions  of  this  policy,  or 
l«i8iie  permits  of  any  kind,  or  make  an  agreement  bindine  upon  said  company. 

Section  8.  As  long  as  this  policy  snail  continue  in  force  for  the  full  amount  hereof, 
it  shall  be  entitled  to  share  in  the  surplus  eaminss  of  the  participating  department  of 
said  company:  and  the  amount  of  surplus  payaole  under  this  policy,  as  determined  by 
the  directors  of  said  company,  shall  be  conclusive,  and  the  same  shall  be  accepted  by 
ihe  insured,  and  by  every  person  interested  in  this  policy. 

This  ifl  a  wife's  policy,  but  may  be  written  payable  to  any  other 
beneficiary  with  an  insurable  interest. 

Benetoabls  Term  Policy.  This  follows  the  Ordinary  Life  form, 
except  that  sections  2,  8,  and  4  read: 

Skction  2.  At  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  ten  years  under  this  policy  and  others 
of  a  similar  form  which  may  be  issued  to  succeed  it,  said  company  will  issue  a  new  one 
of  ttn  equal  amount  without  medical  re-examination,  subject  to  the  premium  for  the  age 
then  atttdned  by  the  insumi,  provided  such  expiring  policy  is  returned  to  the  offlcere  of 
the  company  for  this  purpose  before  its  ean)iration,  and  the  surplus  under  the  latter  will 
be  applied  toward  reducing  the  premium  in  a  new  one  to  the  rate  charged  in  the  flrst 
policy:  but  should  such  surplus  be  insufficient  to  reduce  the  premium  to  said  rate,  it  shall 
be  optional  with  the  insured  to  pay  the  premium  required  for  said  new  policy  after  the 
9nrplu0  from  the  esrpiring  one  has  been  applied,  or  reduce  the  amount  of  the  insurance 
and  continue  previous  payments.  The  said  new  policy  will  be  dated  and  the  flnt 
premium  thereon  become  due  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  the  last  preceding  policy, 
and  will  be  written  fonra  term  of  ten  years  from  such  date,  unless  the  insured  has 
attained  the  age  of  seven^,  in  which  case  the  new  policy  will  be  written  for  the  remainder 
of  life. 

SxcnoN  8.  When  the  entire  premiums  upon  this  policy  for  live  or  more  years  have 
been  paid,  and  default  occurs  in  the  pavment  of  any  subsequent  premium,  it  shall  be 
optional  with  the  insured  to  receive  in  cash  two-thirds  of  the  accumulations  (reserve  and 
surplus)  that  may  then  have  accrued  from  the  payment  of  premiums  for  entire  years 
onlv,  or  a  paid-up  non-participating  stock  life  policy  for  such  an  amount  as  the  whole  of 
said  accumulations  will  purcnase  at  the  age  then  attained  by  the  insured,  used  as  a 
single  not  premiunTat  the  actuaries'  rate  of  mortality,  and  four  per  cent,  mtorest,  juro- 
ridedy  in  either  case,  this  policy  be  surrendered,  and  the  paid-up  policy  or  cash  amount 
applied  for  within  twelve  months  from  the  time  of  sucli  default  in  the  payment  of  pre- 
minm;  but  if  not  surrendered  within  the  said  twelve  months,  then  this  policy  shall  become 
and  be  null  and  void.  If  the  insured  has  attained  the  age  of  seventy  years  or  more, 
when  any  renewal  term  of  ten  years  under  this  insurance  expires  and  If  in  accordance 
with  the  foregoing  stipulation  and  provision  he  is  entitled  to  a  paid-up  policy  or  cash 
payment,  he  may  then  at  his  option  receive  the  whole  of  said  accumulations  in  cash,  or 
the  paid-up  policy  as  above  provided. 

Sbction  4.  This  policy  may,  at  any  anniversary  of  the  date  of  its  issue,  be  exchanged 
for  a  whole  life  or  endowment  policy  of  the  same  amount  upon  any  such  rates  then  in 
iiti«  by  the  company,  and  the  entire  accumulation  of  reserve  and  surplus  under  this 
policy  will  be  applied  towards  payment  of  the  premiums  under  such  new  policy,  but  in 
onler  to  secure  any  such  change  application  for  said  new  policy  must  l)e  made  and  the 
first  premium  thereon  paid  at  or  before  the  expiration  of  the  policy,  and  before  default 
occurs  in  the  payment  of  premium. 

Section  6.  The  answers,  representations,  and  declarations  contained  in  or  endorsed 
upon  the  application  for  this  iusurance  (which  application  endorsed  hereon,  is  hereby 
referred  to  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract)  are  warrante<l  to  be  tnie:  and  if  this  policv 
has  been  obtained  by  fraud,  misrepresentation,  or  concealment;  or  if  the  insured  shall 
commit  suicide;  or  If  he  shall  become  so  far  intemperate  as  to  impair  his  health,  or  in- 
duce delirium  tremens;  or  if  he  shall  at  any  time  travel  or  reside  outside  of  the  United 
states,  Canada,  or  Europe,  including  the  waters  connecting  those  countries,  or  if,  dur- 
ing any  parts  of  the  mouths  of  July,  August,  September,  or  October,  he  shall  travel  or 
rv««ide  In  the  United  8tatcs  south  of  the  32d  degree  of  north  latitude;  or  if  he  shall  \yo. 
personally  engaged  in  blasting,  mining,  aeronautic,  or  submarine  operations;  or  in  the 
manufacture  of  explosive  substances;  or  employed  on  or  about  any  moving  railway  cars 
or  engine,  or  on  any  ship  or  boat;  or  if  he  shall  engage  in  army  or  naval  service  iii  time 
of  war:  then,  in  uich  and  every  of  the  foregoing  cases,  ttiis  policy  shall  become  and  be  t 
null  and  void,  except  as  provided  in  section  6,  ^yu^^.^  ^y  ^^^  OQ IC 


803  PouoT  Forms,  Lifb. 

The  second  page  of  the  policy  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  ordinaiy 
life,  except  the  numberiDg  of  the  sections  are  5,  6,  7,  8,  and  9,  corre* 
spondinff  to  4,  5,  6,  7,  and  8,  of  the  preceding  policy,  and  a  change  in 
the  wording  of  section  5.  The  non  forfeiture  feature  in  section  6,  in- 
stead of  8  and  5. 

EndowmerU  Policy.  This  form  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  ordinary 
life,  except  that  it  is  payable  to  the  insurer  himself  at  the  end  of  the 
endowment  period  if  he  survives.  Paid-up  policies  are  given  after  two 
annual  premiums  —  instead  of  three  as  in  the  ordinary  life — and  are 
payable  at  death  or  at  the  end  of  the  endowment  period. 

Limited  Payment  Terminal  Endowment.  The  terminal  endowment 
is  a  policy  upon  which  premiums  are  to  be  paid  for  twenty  years.  Its 
provisions  are  peculiar,  and  read: 

This  policy  of  InRunuice  witiuwseth,  that  the  iBtna  Life  inaonmce  corapanr,  in  con- 
eidoration  of  tne  representations  and  declarations  made  to  it  in  the  application  for  this 

policy,  and  of  the  annual  premium  of dollars  and cents,  to  be  paid 

to  it  at  or  before  five  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  the day  of in  each  and 

every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  for  the  term  of  twentr  years  from  the 
date  hen'of  (which  term  may  be  reduced  a^  hereinafter  provided  in  section  4). 

Ih^reby  insures  the  life  of (hereinafter  called  the  insured)  of 

in  the  sum  of dollars;  payable  on  surrender  of  this  policy  as  hereinafi«T 

provlded. 

This  policy  it  iwued  and  accepted  subject  to  the  following  protisions,  requirtmentt,  and 

benefits,  and  to  those  also  which  are  printed  on  the  ttext  page,  which  are  hereby 

r^erred  to  and  made  apart  hereqf': 

Section  1.  The  said  sum  insured  shall  be  paid  within  ninety  days  after  eatiefac- 
tory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  said  insured  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy.  t)r 
when,  at  the  expiration  of  any  policy  year,  the  surplus  accumulated  under  this  poUcy 
having  been  left  with  the  company,  the  said  surplus,  togcUier  with  the  lesal  reeerT«.  ac- 
cording to  the  actuaries'  table  of  mortality  and  four  per  cent,  interest,  fe  not  leea  than 
the  sum  insured  hereby,  the  said  sum  insured,  with  excess  of  surplus,  if  any,  shall  ttien 
become  due  and  iMiyable.  In  either  of  the  above  cases,  any  portion  of  the  premium  for 
the  current  year  remaining  unpaid  shall  first  be  deducted. 

Section  2.    The  saia  sum  insured  shall  be  payable  as  a  death  claim  to 

executors,  administrators,  or  assigns.  The  sum  insured  becoming  due  durine  the  Uff^ 
time  of  the  insured,  also  the  cash  surrender  value  or  the  dividends,  hereinafter  fecribed. 
shall  be  payable  to Any  sum  due  from  said  company  under  this  pol- 
icy Is  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company,  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  any  In- 
debledness  to  said  company  on  account  of  this  policy  shall  first  be  deducted  theieftom. 

Section  8.  (a)  When  the  premiums  on  tliis  poiicv  have  been  paid  for  three  yeans 
or  more,  and  default  thereafter  occurs  in  the  payment  of  any  premium,  this  poli^  shall 
coase  as  to  the  right  to  pay  further  premiums  M>ut  shall  continne  in  force  for  the  full 
amount,  during  the  time  specified  in  the  printed  Table  ''  A,"  on  the  reverse  of  thia  P*ee> 
at  the  expiration  of  which  time  this  policy  shall  wholly  cease  and  be  void.  Sboola  Uie 
death  of  the  Insured  occur  within  three  years  from  the  first  default  in  the  nayment  of 
premium,  and  while  this  policy  is  in  force,  there  shall  be  deducted  from  toe  amoool 
otherwise  due  the  premiums  that  would  have  been  paid  had  there  been  no  default  in  tlM 
payment  of  premium,  with  interest  thereon  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum. 

ib)  Or,  If  this  policy  shall  be  surrendered  to  the  company  and  a  paid-up  poiicv  ap- 
plied for  within  sixty  days  from  the  firet  default  in  tlie  payment  of  preminm,  a  paid-up 
non-participating  stocic  policy  will  be  issued  for  the  amount  stated  in  Table  "  B,^*  print- 
ed hereon. 

ie)  Or  if,  within  s&xty  days  after  the  expiration  of  ten  years  from  the  date  hereof,  or 
within  sixty  days  after  the  expiration  of  any  subsequent  period  of  five  years,  or  at  thr 
expiration  of  the  final  sun-ender  value  period  shown  in  Table  "C,"  printed  hereon  (all 
premiums  previounly  due  having  been  paid),  this  policy  be  surrendered  to  the  companv. 
there  will  be  paid  for  the  same  the  value  named  in  said  Table  "C-,"  to  which  snm  vi'll 
be  added  such  dividends  or  Hurplus  bh  mav  have  been  allotted  under  this  police,  and  m»i 
previously  paid. 

In  determining  the  time  for  which  this  insurance  will  be  continued,  or  the  amount 
of  paid-up  policy  which  will  be  issued,  or  the  value  which  will  be  paid  on  snrwoder. 
premiums  paid  for  entire  years  only  will  be  considered. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


POUCT  FOBMS,   LiFB.  808 

Section  4.  When,  at  the  expiration  of  any  policy  year,  the  snrplas  accraine  nnder 
this  policy  having  been  left  with  the  company,  snch  surplus,  together  with  the  ^gfil  re- 
serve, according  to  the  actuaries'  table  of  mortality  and  four  per  cent,  interest,  is  not 
lees  than  the  net  single  premium  for  this  insurance,  if  this  poller  be  then  duly  surren- 
dered to  the  company,  a  paid-up  policy  will  be  issued  for  the  full  amount  insured  here- 
by on  which  the  olvldendB  will  be  payable  annually  in  cash. 

The  other  features  of  the  policy  are  identical  with  those  of  the 
ordinary  life,  except  that  the  sections  are  differently  numbered  and 
references  correspondingly  so,  and  the  following  section,  numbered  10, 
is  put  in  in  lieu  of  section  8  of  the  lirst-named  policy. 

SxcTioN  10.  Any  snrplus  to  which  this  policy  may  be  entitled  Is  payable  only  at  the 
expiration  of  Ave  years  from  its  date,  or  at  the  expiration  of  any  period  of  five  years 
thereafter,  and  then  only  upon  condition  that  all  the  premiums  required  during  these 
periods  have  been  paid.  No  post-mortem  dividend  will  be  oaid  under  this  policy;  nor 
will  it  be  entitled  to  dividends  after  default  in  the  payment  of  premiums. 

Bleeiiffe  Endowment  Annuity,  This  is  a  non-participating  policy, 
and  reads: 

This  policy  of  insurance  witnesseth,  that  the  iEtna  Life  Insurance  company,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  representations  and  declarations  made  to  it  in  the  application  for  this 

policy,  and  of  the  annual  premium  of dollars  and cents,  to  be 

paid  'to  it  at  or  before  five  o'clock  p.  x.,  of  the  first  day  of .*.  .in  each  and  every 

year  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy. 

Hereby  insures  the  life  of (hereinafter  called  the  Insured),  of 

county  of state  of in  the  sum  of dollars;  payable  as 

hereinafter  provided. 

This  policy  is  Ufsued  and  accepted  sulfjeet  to  tfu  following  provisUmg,  requirementt^  and 

ben^is,  and  to  those  also  which  are  primed  on  the  next  page^  wnich  are  herein 

rtf erred  to  and  make  a  part  hereof: 

Section  1.    The  said  sum  insured  shall  be  payable  as  a  death  claim  in  twenty 

c*qaal  annual  installments,  to  his  wife and  his  children  or  any  survivor  of 

i^id  beneficiaries,  when  an  installment  becomes  due,  and  in  event  of  the  death  of  all,  to 
the  said  insured,  his  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns,  the  first  installment  beine 
payable  within  ninety  days  after  receipt  of  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  said 
tntfured  during  the  continaance  of  this  policy,  and  the  remaining  installments  payable 
annually  thereafter,  and  any  portion  of  the  premium  for  the  canent  year  renudning 
unpaid  shall  first  be  deducted. 

Section  S.    The  sum  insured,  or  any  portion  thereof,  becoming  due  during  the 

lifetime  of  the  insured,  shall  be  payable  to  said  insured Any  sum  due  irom 

said  Mimpany  under  this  policy,  is  payable  at  its  home  office,  in  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
and  any  indebtedness  to  »9dd  company  on  account  of  this  policy  shall  first  be  deducted 
therefrom,  and,  on  payment  of  the  sum  insured,  this  policy  shall  be  surrendered  to  said 
company. 

Section  8.  (a)  When  the  premiums  on  this  policy  have  been  paid  for  three  years 
or  more,  and  default  thereafter  occurs  in  the  payment  of  any  premium,  this  policy  shall 
cease  as  to  the  right  to  pay  further  premiums;  but  shall  continue  in  force  for  the  full 
amomit,  during  the  time  specified  in  the  printed  Table  "  A,''  on  the  reverse  of  this  page, 
at  the  expiration  of  which  time  this  policy  shall  wholly  cease  and  be  void.  Should  the 
df«th  of  the  insured  occur  within  three  years  from  the  first  default  in  the  payment  of 
premitun,  and  while  this  policy  is  in  force,  there  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount 
oth<$rwiBe  due  the  premiums  that  would  have  been  paid  had  there  been  no  default  in  the 
payment  of  premium,  with  interest  thereon  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum. 

(d)  Or,  if  this  policy  shall  be  surrendered  to  said  company,  and  a  paid-up  policv 
applied  for  within  sixty  days  from  the  first  default  in  the  payment  of  premium,  a  paid- 
np  non-participating  stock  policy  will  be  issued  for  the  amount  stated  in  Table  ^  B,'' 
printed  nereon,  which  amount  will  be  due  and  payable  within  ninety  days  after  receipt 
of  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  said  insured,  or  as  an  endowment  at  the  end  of 
the  policy  year  falling  nearest  to  the  time  when  the  full  sum  insured  hereby  would 
have  become  due  had  this  policy  continued  in  force. 

(c)  Or,  if  within  sixty  days  after  the  expiration  of  ten  years  from  the  date  hereof, 
or  witnin  sixty  days  after  the  expiration  of  any  subsequent  period  of  five  years,  or  at  the 
expiration  of  the  final  endowment  period  shown  In  Table  "  C,"  printed  hereon,  all  pre- 
miams  previously  due  having  been  paid,  this  policy  be  surrendered  to  said  company, 
there  will  be  paid  for  the  same  the  amount  stated  in  said  Table  "  C' 

In  determining  the  time  for  which  this  Insurance  will  be  continued,  or  the  amount 
of  paid-op  policy  which  will  be  issued,  or  the  amount  which  will  be  paid  on  suireodo'.  t 
prezaiams  paid  for  entire  years  only  will  be  considered,  ^,y  u^^.^  ^^  ^^  ^  JQ  LL 


804  PoucT  F0XIC8,  Lars. 


IftwMoM,  J?«9vif«n«nif,  and  Bm^Ut  wMek  9r$mad*apmi<tfth4  wUktm  iWfey: 

Sbction  4.  Thifl  policy  shmll  not  take  effect  nntll  the  fint  premium  hereon  sfaall 
have  been  actnallT  paid,  darins  the  lifetime  and  good  health  of  the  inanred,  and  within 
sixty  days  from  the  date  hereof  (a  receipt  for  which  payment  ahall  be  the  deliTery  of  this 
policy),  and  if  any  snbeequent  premium  be  not  paid  when  dne  daring  the  lifetime  of  the 
eaid  Inanred,  then  thia  policy  ahall  ceaae  and  aetennine,  exc<^  aa  provided  in  aectionB 
S  and  7  hereof;  and  no  premiom  on  this  policy  shall  be  conridered  paid  unJeaa  a  receipt 
ahall  be  given  therefor,  signed  by  an  executive  offlcer  of  said  company. 

Section  5.  The  answers,  repreeentadona,  and  declarations  contained  in  or  endorsed 
upon  the  application  for  this  insnranoe  (which  application  endorsed  hereon  is  hereby 
referred  to.  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract),  are  warranted  to  be  tme:  and  if  this  policy 
has  been  obtained  by  fraud,  misrepresentation,  or  concealment;  or  if  the  insored  shall 
commit  suicide;  or  if  he  shall  become  ao  far  intemperate  as  to  impair  hia  health  or 
induce  delirium  tremens;  or  if  be  shall  at  any  time  travel  or  reside  outside  of  the  nniu?d 


^  desree  of  north  latitude;  or  if  he  shall  be  penooall J 

engaged  in  blasting,  mining,  aeronaunc,  or  submarine  operations:  or  in  the  manufacture 
of  explosive  substances:  or  employed  on  or  about  any  moving  railway  cars  or  ei^ine,  or 
on  any  ship  or  boat:  or  if  be  shall  engage  in  army  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war:  tb», 
in  each  and  every  of  the  foregoing  cases,  this  policy  shall  become  and  be  null  and  void, 
except  as  provided  in  sections  6  and  7. 

Sectiok  0.  After  the  death  of  the  insured,  If  it  occurs  three  years  or  more  frooi 
the  date  hereof,  three  full  years'  premiums  having  been  paid  ana  the  ace  correctly 
stated,  this  policy  shall  be  indispataole  for  the  condiEons  named  in  section  S,  except  is 
to  army  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war;  but  said  company  reserves  the  right  to  enforce 
its  provisions  as  to  fraud,  misrepresentation,  or  intemperance  during  the  lifetime  of  the 
insured. 

Sbction  7.  In  evei^  case  when  this  policy  shall  be  or  become  void,  except  as  pro* 
vlded  in  section  8  (a),  if  the  premiums  for  three  or  more  years  have  been  paid,  the  lea] 
reserve  at  the  end  of  the  last  completed  policy  year,  calculated  accordiiu;  to  the 
actuaries*  table  of  mortality  and  four  per  cent  interest,  shall  not  be  forfeited  to 
said  company,  but  the  same  shall  be  due  and  payable  in  ninety  days  after  satisCactoir 
proof  of  the  death  of  the  said  insured,  or  when  the  full  sum  insured  hereby  would  ha^ 
Become  dne  had  this  policy  continued  In  force. 

Section  &  This  policy  shall  not  be  entitled  to  share  In  the  aurplus  earnings  of  said 
company. 

SxcTiON  9.  Any  assignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  attached  hereto,  and  a  duplicate 
thereof  famished  said  company;  and  any  claim  against  said  company  arising  under  this 
policy,  made  by  any  assignee,  shall  be  subject  to  proof  of  interest;  but  in  no  case  docs 
said  company  guarantee  the  validity  of  an  assignment. 

Section  10.  All  agreements  made  by  saiacompany  are  signed  by  one  of  its  execu- 
tive officers.  No  other  person  can  alter  or  waive  any  of  the  conditions  of  thia  policy,  or 
issue  permits  of  any  kind,  or  make  an  agreement  binding  upon  said  company. 

The  application  is  made  a  warranty  of  sound  health  and  of  trathf  ul 
answers. 

Bankers  Life  Association,  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  iBsaes  the 
following  form  of  policy,  which  is  dated  at  the  home  office  of  the 
association  : 


TJds  U  to  ctrtifii,  That  in  pursuance  of  the  articles  of  incorporation  and  by-lavs 
'  tionand  in  consideration  of  the  t^^         ^  '~ "  '"  '^'         ■»    -• 

B  a  parte 
dollars,  Mr of State  of. ,  by  occupation. , 


of  this  association  and  in  consideration  of  the  statements  contained  in  his  application, 
Number which  are  hereby  made  apart  of  this  contract  and  the  sum  of. . . . 


years,  has  been  admitted  to  membership  in  this  association,  uid  that  in  Uie  event  of  his 
death  daring  membership  his  beneflcianr  shall  receive  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars, 
for  this  certTllcate  of  membership  and  the  return  of  that  portion  of  the  guarantee  fund 
deposited  with  the  association  by  the  said  member  amounting  to doUan. 


the  association  at  its  maturity  in  January,  April,  July,  or  October,  of  each  year,  his 
guarantee  deposit  shall  be  forfeited  and  his  membership  stiall  thereupon  cease. 

This  certificate  to  become  null  and  void,  if  death  occur  from  self-destruction  within 
two  years  from  this  date,  the  member  being  sane  or  insane,  or  If  the  member  is  or  sliall 
become  habitually  intemperate  in  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors,  chloral,  cocaine,  or 
opium,  and  no  action  shall  be  brought  or  sustained  upon  or  under  this  certiflcate  unless 
commenced  within  one  year  after  the  day  of  the  death  of  the  member. 

Tlie  amount  due  under  this  contract  to  be  provided  for  by  an  aaseaement  on  the 


Policy  Forms,  Life.  805 

memberahlp  levied  pro  rata  upon  the  gnarantee  fund  of  the  association,  nnlees  other- 
wise sappUed,  and  to  be  paid  to at  the  home  office  of  the  association  upon 

satiflfactorT  proof  of  claim,  to  be  supplied  by  the  beneficiary.  In  the  event  of  the 
death  of  the  beneficiary  prior  to  that  of  the  member,  or  in  case  none  is  named,  the 
beneflt  thea  to  be  payable  to  the  legal  representatiye  of  the  deceased  member. 

Baitksrb  Lifb  Insurakcb  Company  of  Nsbrabka.  The  home 
office  of  this  company  is  at  LincolD.  The  ordinary  life  policy  is  called 
"  Life  20-year  Distribution,"  and  the  company  also  giyes  a  "  Twenty- 
year  Indemnity  and  Investment  Bond." 

TkoefUy-ysar  Distribution  Policy  reads: 

The  Bankers  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Nebraska  hereby  grants  an  insurance  for 

dollars  on  the  life  of ,  of ,  county  of ,  state  of 

,  payable  to ,  or,  in  the  event  of prior  death,  to executors, 

administrators,  or  assigns ,  within  sixty  days  after  the  receipt  of  satisfactory 

proof  of  the  death  of  the  insured,  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract,  at  the  office 
of  the  company  in  Lincoln,  Nebraslca. 

This  policy  is  issued  in  consideration  of  the  representations  and  agreements  made  in 
the  application  therefor,  which  is  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  in  the  further 
consideration  of  the  payment  of dollars,  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowl- 
edged, and  of  the  payment  of  a  like  sum  on  or  before  the da^  of in  each 

ana  every  vear  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract.    This  policy  is  delivered  and 
accepted  subject  to  the  express  conditions  and  mutual  agreements  printed  on  the  back 
hereof,  which  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract. 
OonditioM  and  agreem«rU$  r^erred  to  as  apart  of  this  contract: 

No  person  has  authority  to  erase,  waive,  or  modify  In  any  way  any  of  the  terms  or 
conditions  of  this  policy. 

All  premiums  are  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company,  in  Lincoln,  Nebraska, 
but  will  be  accepted  at  a  designated  depositor}'  of  the  company,  when  made  in  exchange 
for  the  company's  receipt,  signed  by  the  president  or  secretarv.  Notice  that  each  and 
e^'cnr  premium  due  and  payable  at  the  date  named  in  this  policy  is  given  and  accepted 
by  the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  nolicy,  and  any  other  or  further  notice  is  expressly 
waived.  This  policy  shall  not  be  in  force  until  the  first  premium  shall  be  paid,  while 
the  insured  is  in  good  health,  to  the  company  or  to  some  person  authorized  by  the 
company  to  receive  it  A  failure  to  pay  premiums  or  any  indebtedness  to  the  company 
when  due  shall  render  this  contract  void,  and  all  payments  previously  made  shall  be 
forfeited  to  the  company,  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

After  three  full  annual  premiums  shall  have  been  paid  on  this  policy,  the  company 
will,  upon  legal  surrender  thereof,  before  default  in  the  payment  of  any  premium,  or 
within  six  months  thereafter,  issue  a  non-participating  policy  for  paid-up  insurance, 
payable  as  hereinafter  provided,  for  such  an  amount  as  the  net  rraer\'c,  computed  on  the 
American  Table  of  Mortality  and  four  per  cent,  interest  will  purchase  as  a  single  pre- 
mium, provided  there  is  no  Indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  contract. 

At  the  end  of  five  years  from  the  date  of  this  policy  and  at  the  end  of  any  five-year 
period  thereafter,  the  company  will  pay  for  this  policy  the  cash  value  as  shown  in  the 
table  of  ^*  Cash  Surrender  Values  *'  printed  hereon,  provided  it  shall  be  in  force  and 
application  be  made  for  such  cash  value  within  thirty  days  from  the  expiration  of  such 
period. 

If,  aft^"  three  full  annual  premiums  shall  have  been  paid  on  this  contract,  it  shall 
cease  and  become  void  by  the  non-payment  of  any  premium  when  due,  the  company 
will,  upon  the  surrender  of  this  policv  within  six  months  after  the  date  of  such  default^ 
issue  a  policy  for  the  full  amount  of  this  contract  for  the  term  as  shown  bv  the  table 
hereon.  No  part,  however,  of  such  *^term  insurance''  shall  be  due  or  payable,  unless 
satisfactorv  proof  of  the  death  of  the  insured  shall  be  furnished  to  the  company  within 
one  year  after  such  death;  and  If  death  shall  occur  during  such  term,  there  shall  be 
deducted  from  the  amount  payable  the  sum  of  all  the  premiumns  that  would  have  be- 
come due  on  this  policy  if  It  had  continued  in  force. 

After  ten  full  annual  premiums  shall  have  been  paid  on  this  policy  the  company 
will  loan  to  the  legal  owner  of  this  policy,  at  current  rate  of  interest,  the  amount  of  any 
or  all  subsequent  premiums  that  may  become  due  previous  to  the  twenty-year  distribu- 
tion period.  Interest  on  such  loans  must  be  paid  annually,  and  application  therefor 
must  be  made  ten  days  before  such  premiums  shall  become  due.  All  premium  loans 
shall  be  a  lien  on  the  policy. 

When,  at  the  expiration  of  any  year,  the  accumulated  surplus  under  this  policy,  to- 
gether with  the  legal  reserve,  computed  on  the  American  Table  of  Mortality  and  four 
per  cent,  interest,  is  equal  to  the  sum  insured  under  this  policy,  the  said  sum  shall  be 
due  and  payable  upon  the  legal  surrender  of  this  policy.  \ri]c> 

14*  .-..y,u^<:.M  ^>     • ^J^LL 


806  Policy  Forms,  Lars. 

If  this  policy  han  not  been  terminated  bv  death,  Iap«e,  or  sairender,  the  timred 
BhaU,  at  the  expiration  of  twenty  yean  from  the  date  hereof,  be  entitled  to  ^tber  of  the 
following  options  of  nettlemcnt: 

FiRPT.  To  eiarrender  this  policy  and  withdraw,  in  cash,  the  foil  cash  Talne,  which 
shall  be  the  full  rrmrve  and  all  accumnlated  surplus  apportioned  to  this  policy,  which 
caah  value  the  company  f^arantees  will  not  be  1cm  than dollare. 

8KroND.  To  withdraw  the  snrplua  in  cash  and  oontinne  this  policy  in  force  for  tbc 
full  face  value. 

Third.  To  applv  the  surplus  to  the  reduction  of  premiums  for  the  lifie  of  the 
insun^i,  and  if  it  shall  be  more  than  sufficient,  the  balance  will  be  paid  to  the  insured 
in  cafih. 

Fourth.  To  convert  this  policy  into  a  paid-up  non-forfeitable  policy,  without 
participation  In  profits,  payable  at  the  death  of  ttic  insured;  provided  that  if  the  amonm 
of  the  iwid-up  policy  shall  exceed  the  amount  of  this  policy,  the  insured  will  be 
required  to  furnish  a  satisfactory  certificate  of  f^ood  health  from  one  of  the  company's 
medical  examlneni,  subject  to  the'  approval  of  the  company. 

1^*1  FTH.  To  convert  the  entire  cash  value  Into  an  annuity  upon  the  life  of  the 
insured. 

If  no  election  is  mvlo  bv  the  holder  of  this  policy  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the 
term  HM  above  stated,  then  the  surplus  will  be  applied  in  the  thiid  wav  mentioned. 

If  tlilH  policy  shall  remain  in  force  after  toe  twenty-year  distribution  period,  the 
surplus  will  be  distributed  at  the  end  of  each  five  years  thereafter. 

The  insured  shall  have  the  right  to  dispose  of  this  policy  to  the  company  without 
the  consent  of  the  person  or  persons  named  aa  beneficiary,  if  any,  and  shall  also  have 
the  right  at  any  time  during  his  lifetime  to  change  the  beneficial  with  the  oonatait  of 
the  corniNUiv. 

Any  Inilebtcdness  that  may  be  due  the  company,  together  with  any  unpaid  portion 
of  the  year's  premium,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  that  may  be  dne  on  this 
policy  when  it  is  surrendered  to  the  company,  or  when  it  becomes  a  claim  against  tlie 
company  bv  reason  of  the  death  of  the  insured. 

No  oMifgnment  of  this  policy  will  be  recognLaed  by  the  company  unleas  it  shall  be 
in  writing,  and  asnonted  to  by  the  company. 

This  policy  will  be  incontestable  after  two  years,  except  for  the  non-payment  of 
premiums  when  due,  and  the  immoderate  use  of  stimulants;  provided,  that  tiie  condi- 
tions as  to  occupation  have  been  complied  with. 

Tlie  application  contains  a  warranty  in  the  following  form : 

It  is  hereby  expressly  stipulated  and  agreed,  that  the  above  application,  together 
with  the  statement  made  to  the  examining  physician,  and  the  report  of  the  examining 
phvsician  and  tills  declaration,  and  the  policy  that  may  be  issued  to  me,  sliall  be  the 
contract  between  me  and  the  Bankers  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Nebraska. 

I  further  declare  and  warrant,  that  all  of  the  foregoing  answers,  aa  well  ae  those 
made  or  to  be  made  to  or  by  the  medical  examiner,  are  true  and  complete.  And 
it  is  fully  understood  and  aereed,  that  if  any  untrue  or  fraudulent  or  misleading 
answers  shall  be  or  shall  have l)c«n  made,  or  if  I  should  n^lect  or  refuse  to  pay  any 
premium  on  or  before  the  dat4?s  when  they  shall  become  due,  then,  and  in  that  event 
the  said  policy  shall  become  null  and  void,  and  all  money  which  shall  have  been  paid 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company,  except  as  provided  in  the  policy. 

It  is  agreed,  that  said  company  shall  not  be  liable,  under  the  policy  hereby  applied 
for.  if  my  death  shall  be  the  result  or  consequence  of  violation  of  law,  or  the  attempt  to 
violate  law,  or  occur  while  I  am  in  the  performance  or  attempted  po-formance  of  any 
unlawful  act,  or  while  I  am  resisting  or  attempting  to  escape  arrest  therefor.  It  ia  also 
further  agreed,  that  if  I  should  injure  my  healtn  by  the  immoderate  use  of  stimulants  or 
narcotics,  the  company  may  cancel  said  policy.  It  is  also  understood  and  agreed,  ttiat 
if  I  shall  engage  in  blasting,  submarine  labor,  aeronautic  travel  or  excursion,  the  manu- 
facture or  handling  of  highly  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  or  service  upon  any 
vessel  or  railroad,  or  in  any  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war,  or  in  anv  more 
hazardous  business  than  I  am  at  tne  present  engaged  in,  without  first  obtaining  the 
consent  of  said  company  in  writing,  then  the  policy  shall  be  null  and  void,  and  m  no 
effect. 

I  also  understand,  that  no  person  is  authorized  to  erase,  waive,  or  change  In  any 
manner  any  of  the  blanks  or  printed  matter  used  or  furnished  by  the  company,  or  to 
promise  any  other  terms  or  conditions  than  those  published  by  the  company  in  its 
printed  matter. 

Twenty-  Tear  Indemnity  and  Investment  Band.    The  form  reads : 
The  Bankers  Life  Insurance  Company  of  Nebraska  hereby  grants  av  insurance  for 

dollars  on  the  life  of ,  of ,  county  of state 

of ,  payable  at death  to ,  or,  in  the  event  of '.piior  death. 


PoLiCT  Forks,  Lifb.  807 

to executors,  administrators,  or  assieps, within  sixty  days  after  the 

receipt  of  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  insored,  daring  the  contfnnance  of  Uiis 
contract,  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  Lincoln,  Nehraslca.  And  the  said  company 
farther  promises,  that  should  the  deam  of  the  insured  occur  within  twenty  years  from 
th«  date  hereof,  and  while  this  contract  is  in  force,  to  pay  in  addition  to  the  principal 

Bum  of  $ an  amount  equal  to  all  payments  previously  made  to  this  company  on 

account  of  this  bond,  the  sum  to  be  so  naid  being  written  in  the  right  hand  margin 
hereof,  deducting  therefrom  any  indebteoness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  con- 
tract, and  the  balance  of  any  yearns  premium  remaining  nnpaid. 

This  bond  is  issued  in  consideration  of  the  representations  and  agreements  made 
in  the  application  therefor,  which  is  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  in  the 

further  consideration  of  the  payment  of dollars,  receipt  whereof  is  hereby 

acknowledged,  and  of  the  payment  of  a  like  sum  on  or  before  the day  of 

in  each  and  ev&rv  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract,  until  payments  for 
twenty  fnll  years  haye  been  mada 

Paid-up  insurance  under  this  bond  is  for  20th8.  Cash  surrender 
value  at  the  end  of  five  years  for  full  value  of  bond  determined  on  a  4 
per  cent,  basis.  It  provides  for  extended  insurance  the  same  as  the 
policy,  and  for  a  loan  after  three  years  of  one-half  the  reserve  and  sur- 
plus at  current  rates  of  interest.  If  the  bond  has  not  been  terminated 
by  death,  lapse,  or  surrender,  the  legal  holder,  at  the  end  of  twenty 
years,  is  entitled  to  the  following  options  of  settlement: 

FcBST.  To  surrender  this  bond  and  withdraw,  in  cash,  the  full  cash  yalae,  which 
shAll  be  the  full  resetre  and  all  accnmulated  surplus  apportioned  to  this  bond,  which 
cash  value  the  company  guarantees  will  not  be  less  than  the  entire  reserve  computed  on 
the  American  tables  and  Tour  per  cent,  interest. 

Sbconb.  To  withdraw  the  surplus  in  cash  and  continue  this  bond  as  a  paid-up 
Participating  Indemnity  Bond  for  the  full  face  value,  entitled  to  annual  cash  dividends. 

Third.  To  convert  this  bond  into  a  paid-up  Non-forfeltable  Bond,  without  partici- 
pation in  profits,  payable  at  the  death  of  the  insured;  provided,  that  as  the  amount  of 
the  paid-up  bond  will  exceed  the  amount  of  this  bond,  the  insured  will  be  required  to 
furnish  a  satisfactory  certificate  of  good  health  from  one  of  the  company's  medical  ex- 
aminers, sabject  to  the  approval  of  the  company. 

Fourth.  To  convert  the  entire  cash  value  into  a  life  annuity  upon  the  person 
whose  life  is  hereby  insured. 

If  no  election  is  made  by  the  holder  of  this  bond,  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the 
term  as  above  stated,  then  and  in  that  event  this  bond  will  continue  as  a  paid-ap 
Participating  Bond  for  the  amount  as  stated  herein. 

Bay  Statb  Bbnbficiaby  Associatiok  of  Westfield,  Mass.,  issues 
but  one  form  of  certificate,  a  copy  of  the  application  for  which  is 
printed  with  the  certificate  and  made  a  warranty.  The  amount  of  the 
certificate  varies  with  the  wishes  of  the  applicant.    The  form  reads: 

The  Bay  State  Beneficiary  AeeodalUm^  Westfield,  Mass.,  in  consideration  of  the 

payment  of dollars,  by of county  of . . ., 

state  of the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby  acknowledged,  and  of  the  statements 

of  the  certificate  member  in  nis  application  for  membership  m  this  association,  a  copy 
of  which  application  is  hereto  annexed,  and  the  agreement  on  the  part  of  the  siud 

to  accept  the  following  conditions  and  rules  as  part  of  this  contract, 

between  said  association  and  himself,   hereby  constitutes  the  said a 

benefit  member  of  said  association,  and  agrees  to  pay,  In  ninety  davs  after  there  shall 
have  been  furnished  to  said  association  satisfactory  proof  of  a  valid  claim  under  this 
contract,  consequent  upon  the  death  of  said  member,  from  any  cause  not  enumerated  In 

the  8th  and  9th  paragraphs  of  the  conditions  and  rules  hereinafter  contained,  to 

if  living ;  if  not,  to  the  executors  or  administrators  of  said  member,  in  trust, 

however,  for  and  to  be  forthwith  paid  over  to  his  heirs-at-law  the  sum  of 

thoutHiDd  dollars. 

The  conditions  and  rules  upon  which  this  certificate  is  issued  by 
the  association,  and  accepted  by  said  member,  are  the  following: 

FiBBT.  That  the  said  member  agrees  to  be  bound  by  the  by-laws,  rules  and  r^ula- 
tions  of  the  association  now  in  force  or  hereafter  enacted ;  and  that  the  statements  and 
declarations  made  by  and  on  behalf  of  said  member  in  his  application  to  become  a 
benefit  member  of  said  association,  which  are  hereby  referred  to  as  the  basis  of  this 
contract,  and  ate  a  part  thereof,  and  on  the  faith  of  which  this  certificate  is  issued,  a^Tp 


d06  PouoT  FOBMB,  Life. 

warranted  by  nld  member  to  be  in  all  retpecte  true,  and  that  no  fact  has  been 

relating  to  the  health,  medical  treatment,  family  hlotory,  or  circnmetanoee  affecting  the 

character  of  the  risk,  or  the  judgment  of  the  aasociation,  in  accepting  the  aame. 

Sbcoiyb.  That  thiB  certificate  may  be  aaeigned  to  any  V^nj  having  an  fnnnaUe 
interest  in  the  life  of  said  member,  bnt  everr  aasignment  mall  be  abeolntely  void  nnlen 
it  la  araented  to  by  the  proper  officers  of  toe  aaaociation  in  writing,  and  the  member 
agrees  that  the  asflociation  ahall  not  be  held  accoantaUe  for  the  vaUdity  of  any 
assignment. 

Third.  That  the  death  claim  shall  be  payable  in  nine^  dava  after  there  ahall  have 
been  fomisbed  to  said  aasociation  satisfactory  proof  of  a  valid  claim  nnder  this  contract, 
conseqnent  apon  the  deaih  of  said  member.  Siich  proof  shall  comprise  a  sworn  ceitifi- 
cate  of  the  attending  phrslcian,  claimant,  nndertaker,  clergyman,  and  some  di«intcrc9ted 
friend,  on  and  in  accordance  with  the  blanks  fomislied  by  the  Association,  and  such 
other  information  as  the  association  shall  reqnlre,  and  no  officer  of  said  aasociation  is 
authoricod  to  waive  any  reqnirement  of  this  clanse. 

Fourth.  That  no  agent  of  the  association  is  anthorlaed  to  make,  alter,  or  dip- 
charge  contracts,  or  waive  forfeltoies ;  and  any  snch  act  to  be  valid  mnst  be  done  in 
writing,  and  signed  by  the  secretary  of  the  association. 

Fifth.    That  there  shall  be  paid  annually,  on  the  first  day  of of  each 

year,  by  the  member  nnder  this  contract,  to  the  treasarer  of  the  association  the  som  of 

$.. as  a  part  of  the  expense  fond,  which  fnnd  is  at  the  sole  disposal  of 

the  officers  of  the  association,  and  said  member  shall  not  be  lUble  to  any  farther  snm, 
except  for  asM^ssments  as  hereinafter  specified. 

Sixth.    That  the  said  member  shall  pay  into  the  treaanry  of  the  association,  wliee 

an  aeeessment  is  required  for  death  claims  the  sum  of dollars.    The  flnt 

sHseiwroent  paid  by  a  member  after  joining  shall  be  deposited  as  part  of  the  Smeigency 
Fund  required  by  the  laws  of  the  commonwealth,  and  10  per  cent,  of  each  aaseasment 
following  may  be  deposited  in  said  Bmersency  Fund,  which  fund  together  with  the 
Mortuary  Fund  may  oe  used  as  authorized  by  the  directors  of  the  aesoctation. 

Sbvbnth.  That  the  form  of  notice  to  and  process  of  collection  from  each  of  the 
members,  of  the  assessments  above  named  in  sections  five  and  six,  shall  be  as  foUowr : 
A  notice  shall  be  sent  announcing  assessments,  to  the  last  poet-office  address  given  to  the 
association  by  each  member ;  If  either  of  the  assessments  mentioned  in  sections  five  and 
six  is  not  received  within  thirty  days  from  the  mailing  of  such  notice,  it  shall  be  accepted 
and  taken  as  sufficient  evidence  that  the  party  has  received  said  notice  and  has  deaded 
to  terminate  his  connection  with  the  association,  which  connection  shall  thereupon  ter- 
minate, and  the  party^s  contract  with  the  association  shall  lapse  and  be  void,  and  all 
rights  thereunder  be  forfeited  to  the  Association.  He  may  be  reinstated  by  tlie  offlcers 
of  the  association,  for  reasons  satisfactory  to  them,  and  upon  snch  conditfons  as  they 
may  require. 

Eighth.  That  this  contract  shall  be  void  if  the  said  member  sliall  engage  in  any 
military  or  naval  service  except  in  time  of  peace,  or  in  voyagss  upon  the  mm  seas  or 
sreat  lakes  as  an  occupation,  or  in  blasting,  mining,  or  In  submarine  openmma,  or  in 
the  production  or  manufacture  of  highly  infianmiable  or  explosive  suMtanoes,  or  in 
working  a  locomotive  as  engineer  or  fireman,  or  in  any  similar  capaci^. 

Ninth.  That  this  contract  shall  be  void  if  the  party  to  whom  it  us  Issoed  shall  die 
in,  or  in  consequence  of  a  duel,  or  by  disease,  violence,  or  accident  brought  about  bv  his 
own  intoxication,  or  by  reason  of  intemperance  in  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors  or'nar- 
cotics,  or  shall  fall  into  gross  or  confirmed  habits  of  intoxication,  or  shall  die  by  the 
hands  of  Justice,  or  in  the  violation  of,  or  attempt  to  violate,  any  criminal  Irw  o'f  the 
United  States,  or  of  any  state  or  country  in  which  he  may  be.  If  the  insured  shall  die 
by  his  own  hand  or  act,  whether  sane  or  insane,  whether  the  act  be  voluntary  or  Invol- 
untary, then  this  contract  shall  be  void,  but  in  that  event  the  assodation  shall  pay  a  sum 
of  money  equal  to  the  does  and  assessments,  with  interest  paid  hereon,  in  full  settlement 
and  payment  of  this  certificate  or  policy  of  insurance.  But  this  section  shall  not  be  con- 
strued to  include  deaths  of  sane  members  resulting  from  involuntary  accident,  unlesR 
the  accident  was  caused  or  occasioned  by  the  intemperance  or  gross  or  willful  negligence 
of  the  insured. 

Tbntb.  That  after  five  years,  error  or  misstatement  in  the  application,  except  as  to 
age,  shall  not  be  cause  for  contesting  (by  the  association)  payment  under  this  contract: 
and  no  suit  shall  be  brought  under  the  same  unless  commenced  within  one  year  and 
ninety  days  from  the  termination  of  the  life  of  the  member  to  whom  it  Is  issoed;  It  bring 
an  expressed  condition  hereof  that  all  rights  of  action  hereunder  are  limited  to  said 
period  of  one  year  and  ninety  days. 

Blsvshth.  That  each  applicant  to  become  a  member  must  sign  the  aasociatxon's 
form  of  application  therefor,  filled  out  by  himself,  or  some  one  on  bu  behalf,  pass  *  sat- 
isfactory esumhiation  by  one  of  the  association's  regularly  appointed  medical  ezaminera, 
and  pay  to  him  his  fee  for  such  examination.    No  agent  or  this  aasociation  is  author- 


Policy  Fobmb.  Lxfb.  800 

Ised  to  Uttkef  fill  up,  or  alter  any  snch  application ;  in  doing  any  Boch  act  he  is  to  be 
taken  and  considered  as  the  agent  of  the  applicant  and  not  of  the  association. 

Bbbxshibb  Lifb  Insuranos  Cohpaky.  The  new  form  used  by 
this  company  for  ordiiUMry  lifepolieiet  reads: 

This  policy  of  insurance  witnesseth  that  the  Berkshire  Life  insnrance  coini>any, 
in  cofnsideration  of  the  application  on  which  this  policy  is  issned,  and  of  the  state- 
ments and  agreements  in  said  application,  all  of  which  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this 

policy,  and  in  farther  consideration  of  the  payment  of  the annual  premium 

of dollars  and cents,  at  the  home  office  of  this  company,  to  be 

eridenced  by  the  receipt  of  the  company,  and  of  the  payment  of  the  like  som,  to  be 

made  at  said  office  on  or  before  the day  of at  noon,  in  every 

year,  and  also  upon  the  conditions  stated  upon  the  back  hereof,  promises  to  pay  at 

the  office  of  said  company  in  Pittsfield,  Mass., dollars  to ex- 

ecators,  administrators,  or  assijgns,  upon  due  notice  and  proof  as  required  by  this  policy, 

of  the  death  of without  default  in  payment  of  any  premium  or  violation  of 

any  of  the  conditions  hereof. 

Upon  the  failure  to  pay,  when  due,  any  annual  premium  after  the  second,  this 
poHcj'  shall  become  paid  up  in  manner  and  for  the  amount  now  provided  by  the 
statntes  of  the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts ;  and  it  may  be  surrendered  on  any 
anniversary  of  its  issue  for  the  cash  value  as  determined  by  said  statutes,  upon  the  ex- 
ecation  and  deliverv  to  the  company,  at  its  home  office  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  of  a  satis- 
factory release  of  all  interests  and  claims  to  the  avails  thereof. 

OondUUms  Referred  to  in  Thi$  Policy,  and  upon  Which  it  it  Accepted  and  HOd: 

That  no  agent,  or  other  person,  except  the  president,  vice-president,  secretary,  or 
treasurer  of  the  company,  has  power  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  the  premium,  to 
iaene  a  permit  for  residence,  travel,  or  occupation,  or  to  bind  the  company  by  maklns 
any  promise ;  that  no  representation  or  information  can  be  received  or  have  effect 
which  is  not  contained  in  the  application  for  this  policy. 

That  all  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company*  in 
Pittsfield,  Mass.,  but  will  be  accepted  elsewhere,  when  duly  made  in  exchange  for  the 
company's  receipt,  signed  by  the  president  or  secretary. 

That  notice  that  each  and  every  payment  is  due  at  the  date  named  in  the  policy  is 
given  and  accepted  by  the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  and  that  any  further 
notice,  required  by  anv  statute,  is  hereby  expressly  waived.  The  payment  and  receipt 
of  any  premium  less  than  a  full  annual  premium  shall  not  continue  this  policy  in  force 
more  than  three  months  in  case  of  a  quarter-annual  payment ;  or  six  months  in  case 
of  a  semi-annual  payment. 

That  the  person  whose  life  is  Insured  by  this  policy  shall  not,  within  two  years 
after  the  date  of  this  policy,  without  the  written  assent  of  the  compiany,  reside,  travel, 
or  visit  outside  the  limits  of  the  United  States  of  America,  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
Borope,  and  the  Bermuda  Islands ;  but  may  make  voyages  upon  the  high  seas,  by  the 
nBoal  routes  and  means  of  conv^ance,  to  and  from  ports  within  these  limits. 

That  the  insured  shall  not,  without  the  consent  of  the  company  in  writing,  engage 
in  blasting,  mining,  submarine  labor,  aeronautic-travel  or  excursions,  the  manufacture, 
handling,  or  transportation  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  service  upon  any 
railroador  any  steamboat  or  other  vessel,  or  in  military  or  naval  service  of  any  kind  In 
time  of  war. 

That  the  company  shall  not  be  held  to  have  notice  of  any  assignment  of  this  policy 
until  the  original,  or  a  duplicate  thereof,  is  filed  in  the  company's  home  office ;  that 
the  company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  valldltv  of  an  assignment,  and 
that  before  payment  of  the  policy  the  claim  of  an  assignee  shall  be  subject  to  proof  tp 
the  satisfaction  of  the  company. 

That  no  suit  or  proceeding  shall  be  brought  against  the  company  under  this  policy 
after  the  expiration  of  two  years  from  the  time  when  the  right  of  action  first  accrues. 

That  prompt  notice  of  the  death  of  the  insured  under  this  policy  shall  be  given  to 
the  company,  and  formal  proofs  thereof,  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  company, 
Bhall  be  furnished  within  one  year  after  the  said  death. 

That  the  unpaid  balance,  if  any.  of  the  year's  premium  and  all  premiums  for 
which  notes  or  credit  may  have  been  given,  and  interest  or  other  oblleatlons  remaining 
unpaid,  sliall  be  a  lien  upon  this  policy,  and  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  at  any 
time  due  and  to  be  paid  on  account  of  this  policy. 

That  at  the  expiration  of  each  period  of  five  years,  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  It 
shall.  If  then  in  force,  and  if  the  premiums  have  been  fully  paid  according  to  the  tenor 
thereof,  be  credited  with  its  share  of  the  distributive  snrplas  of  the  company  as  de- 
termined and  apportioned  by  Its  board  of  directors.  Such  share  shall  be  applied  by 
the  company  in  the  purchase  of  additional  insurance  upon  the  person  whose  life  is  in-  , 


810  Policy  Fobms,  Lifb. 

rared  by  thin  policy,  payable  when  the  policy  becomes  doe.  This  additiona]  inaaraiioe 
mav  be  nnrrendered,  and  upon  due  acquaintance  bdng  made,  the  cash  Talne  thereof 
will  be  paid,  or  it  may  be  applied  to  the  reduction  of  premlnma.  If  the  death  of  the 
insarpd  »hould  occar  after  a  distribntlon  of  sarpliis  to  this  policy,  and  before  the  next 
period  of  five  years  hat*  expired,  a  post-mortem  dividend  will  be  paid  with  the  pcriicy. 
No  other  distrlbations  of  surplas  shall  be  made  on  accoont  of  this  policy. 

The  non-forf«iture  features  of  the  policies  of  this  aDd  all  other 
Massachusetts  companies  are  determined  by  the  law  of  the  state.  [See 
Non  Forfeiture  Life  Insurance  Laws.]  The  Berlcshire's  other  forms  of 
policies  are  substantially  identical  with  this  one,  only  such  changes 
being  made  as  are  required  to  meet  changes  in  manner  of  payment  and 
to  fit  the  endowment  business. 

The  agreements  in  the  application  are: 

That  all  the  Htatemcnts  and  answers  as  aboYC  made  are  complete  and  tme,  and  that 
they,  to^'ther  with  this  declaradon  and  aerecment,  constitute  an  application  to  the 
Berkshire  Life  insurance  company  of  Pittsfleid,  Massachusetts,  for  a  policy  of  insaraDce. 
and  are  offcn'<l  as  a  consliieration  for  the  policy  hereby  applied  for.  And  It  la  asreed 
that  there  shall  be  no  contract  of  Insurance  until  a  policy  shall  have  been  issaid^  and 
delivered  by  the  said  company,  and  the  first  premium  then'on  paid  while  the  person 
proposed  for  insurance  is  in  the  same  condition  of  health  described  in  this  application, 
and  if  said  policy  be  issued,  the  declarations,  agreements,  and  warnuitlee  herein  con- 
tained shall  oe  a  part  thereof ;  and  the  contract  of  insurance  when  made  shall  be  beid 
and  construed  at  all  times  and  places  to  have  been  made  and  executed  in  the  common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts. 

It  is  agreed  in  any  distribution  of  surplus,  the  principles  and  methods  which  may 
be  adopted  by  the  companv  for  such  distrioution,  and  its  determination  of  the  amoont 
eciuitably  belonging  to  sncn  policy,  shall  be  and  are  hereby  ratified  and  accepted  by  and 
for  every  person  \vho  shall  nave  or  claim  any  interest  under  said  policy,  and  that  the 
receipt  of  the  person  whose  life  is  insured  may  be  accepted  by  the  company  in  full  sur- 
render of  all  olvidend  a<lditions  to  the  policy.  It  is  also  agreed  that  prompt  notice  of 
the  death  of  the  insunxi  shall  be  given  to  the  company,  and  formal  proofs  thereof  in 
accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  company  shall  be  furnished  within  one  year  after  the 
said  death. 

Brooklyn  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York.  This  com- 
pany now  issues  a  **  twenty  year  distributum"  policy,  with  payments 
of  premium  during  life,  the  same  form  with  **Uinit^ payments'"  "en- 
dowmenis"  **  deferred  annuities"  and  *'  compound"  policies. 

Twenty-  Year  IHsfributUm.  The  Brooklyn  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York, 
by  this  policy  of  assurance,  in  consideration  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  which 
is  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  promises  to  pay  at  its  home  office  in  the  city 

of  New  York  unto  of In  the  county  of state  of 

dollars,  upon  acceptance  of  satisfactory  proofs  at  its  home  olBce  of  the 

death  of of in  the  county  of state  of dur- 
ing the  continuance  of  this  policy,  upon  the  following  conditions,  and  subject  to  thr 
grovisions,  guarantees,  and  benefits  stated  on  the  Sack  of  this  policy,  which  are 
erebv  referred  to  and  made  part  hereof. 

The annual  premium  of dollars  and cents,  ahall  be 

Said  In  advance  on  the  delivery  of  this  policy,  and  thereafter  to  the  company  at  its 
ome  office  in  thecity  of  New  York,  on  the day  of in  every  year 

during  the  continuance  of  this  contract. 

ProvitlonSt  Ouaranteet^  and  Ben^fUs. 
Provisions  as  to  Premiums  and  PaymentAt.  Each  premium  Is  due  and  payable 
at  the  home  office  of  the  company  in  the  city  of  New  York,  but  will  be  accepted  else- 
where when  duly  paid  in  exchange  for  the  company's  receipt,  signed  by  the  president 
or  secretary.  Notice  that  each  and  every  such  payment  is  due  at  the  date  named  in 
the  policy  Is  given  and  accepted  by  the 'delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  and 
any  further  notice,  required  by  any  statute,  is  thereby  expressly  waived.  That  port 
of  the  year's  premium,  if  any,  which  is  not  due  and  is  unpaid  at  the  maturity  of  this 
contract  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  of  the  claim.  If  this  policy  shall  become 
void  by  non-payment  of  premium,  all  payments  previously  made  shall  be  forfeited  to 
the  company,  except  as  hereinafter  provided.  In  case  the  insured  shall  engage  In  an 
occupation,  or  service,  or  undertaking,  more  hazardous  than  that  stated  In  Ida  appU- 


Policy  Formb,  Litb.  811 

cation,  notification  thereof  shall  be  sent  to  the  home  office  of  the  company  as  promptly 
88  practicable,  and  the  aesnred  shall  pay  the  nsual  extra  premiom  charged  In  sach  cases, 
or  shall  have  the  same  stand  as  a  lien  against  this  policy.  Should  the  age  of  the  insured 
have  been  nnderstated,  the  amount  payable  hereunder  shall  be  such  proportion  of  the 
mm.  insured  as  the  premium  paid  b^rs  to  the  premium  that  would  have  been  charged 
at  the  tme  age  of  the  insured. 

Ditfidmas.  This  policy  is  issued  on  a  twenty-year  distribution  plan.  It  will 
be  credited  with  its  distributive  share  of  surplus  apportioned  at  the  expiration  of 
t^-enty  years  from  the  date  of  issue.  Only  twenty-year  distribution  policies  in  force 
at  the  end  of  such  term,  and  entitled  thereto  by  year  of  issue,  shall  share  in  such  dis- 
tribution of  the  surplus ;  and  no  other  distribution  to  such  policies  shall  be  made  at 
any  previous  time.  All  surplus  so  apportioned  may  be  applied  at  the  end  of  such 
pt^rlod  to  purchase  additional  insurance,  or  may  then  be  drawn  in  cash.  After  the  ex- 
piration of  the  period  of  twenty  years  hereinabove  provided  for,  the  dividend  distri- 
bution periods  shall  be  changea  to  terms  of  five  years  each  during  the  continuance  of 
this  policy.  The  surplus  may  be  applied  at  each  distribution  to  purchase  additional 
insurance  without  medical  examination,  provided  such  application  of  the  surplus  be 
elected  in  due  form  not  less  than  two  years  before  the  end  of  the  first  dividend  period 
of  twenty  years  ;  otherwise  a  satisfactory  examination  will  be  required  for  each  such 
application  of  the  surplus.  But  should  the  owner  of  the  policy  at  the  end  of  said 
first  period  of  twenty  years,  or  at  the  end  of  any  subsequent  period  of  five  years,  elect 
to  receive  the  dividends  annually,  the  surplus  applicable  on  this  policy  will  thereafter 
be  apportioned  at  the  beginning  of  each  year  on  the  anniversary  of  the  date  of  this 
policy,  and  may  be  applied  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

Paid-up  Policy.  After  three  full  annual  premiums  have  been  paid  upon  this 
policy,  the  company  will,  upon  the  legal  surrender  thereof  before  default  in  payment 
of  any  premium,  or  within  six  months  thereafter,  issue  a  non-participating  policy  for 
paid-apinsmance,  payable  as  herein  provided,  for  an  amount  greater  than  is  guaran- 
teed by  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

Surrender.  This  policy  may  be  surrendered  to  the  company  at  the  end  of  the  said 
first  period  of  twenty  years,  and  the  full  reserve  computed  by  the  American  experi- 
ence table  of  mortality  and  four  per  cent,  interest,  and  the  surplus,  as  defined  above, 
will  be  paid  therefor  in  cash. 

Ihrurance  toith  Annuity.  If  the  policy  be  surrendered  at  the  end  of  the  first 
dividend  period,  as  above  provided,  the  company  will,  if  requested  in  writing,  apply 
its  cash  value,  hiclnding  surplus,  or  any  part  of  such  value,  to  purchase,  without 
medical  examination,  apaid-np  policy  for  the  same  amount  as  the  value  so  applied, 
securing  insurance  for  ufe  and  j)articipating  annually  in  dividends,  together  with  a 
paid-up  annuity  for  life  equal  to  four  per  cent,  per  annum  of  the  amount  of  the  paid-up 
insurance,  payments  of  tne  annuity  to  commence  one  year  after  the  end  of  said  first 
dividend  period. 

Loans.  After  two  full  years  from  the  date  of  issue  of  this  policy,  this  company 
will  loan  hereon  an  amount  equal  to  sixty  per  cent,  of  its  value  at  the  end  of  the  last 
complete  policv  year,  according  to  the  present  New  York  state  standard ;  provided 
this  policy  bo  aeposited  with  and  legally  assigned  to  this  company  as  security  ;  pro- 
tided,  also,  that  the  premiums  be  pam  onead  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  six  months 
and  to  the  end  of  the  current  policy  year ;  and,  further,  that  the  rate  of  interest  to  be 
paid  on  such  loans  shall  be  six  per  cent,  per  annum. 

IndebUdnese.     Any  indebtedness   to  this  company,  whether   on   loans  or   for 

firenaium,  or  otherwise,  remaining  unpaid  at  the  maturity  of  this  policy  by  death,  or 
imitation,  or  surrender,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  or  value  of  the  policy. 

Notice  to  the  Holder  qf  this  Policy.  No  agent  has  power  on  behalf  of  the  company 
to  make  or  modify  this  or  any  contract  of  insurance,  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  a 
premium,  to  bind  the  company  by  making  any  promise,  or  by  receiving  any  representa- 
tion or  information  not  contained  in  the  apphcation  for  this  policy. 

AsHgnments.  The  company  declines  to  notice  any  assignments  of  this  policv  until 
the  original  assignment,  or  a  duplicate,  or  certified  copy  thereof,  shall  he  filed  in  the 
company *8  home  office.  The  company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the 
validity  of  an  assignment. 

Ths  Limited  Payment  policy  is  on  the  same  form  practically,  except 
that  payments  are  limited  to  a  specified  number  of  years,  and  the  paid- 
up  provision  reads,  "for  the  proportion  of  the  amount  of  this  policy 
which  the  number  of  full  years'  premiums  paid  bears  to  the  total  num- 
ber required." 

Endowment.    The  back  of  this  form  is  the  same  in  meaning  as  that 


.,y.  zed  by  Google 


813  Policy  Fobms,  Lifs. 

of  the  "limited  payment"  life,  and  the  face  differs  only  in  the  endow- 
ment feature. 

Deferred  Annuity  Plan,  Owing  to  the  deferring  of  the  mortoarr 
payments  which  are  made  in  twenty  annual  installments  after  the 
maturity  of  the  policy,  the  rates  for  policies  upon  this  plan  are  only  70 
per  cent,  of  the  regular  rates;  for  instance,  if  the  premium  on  a  regular 
policy  is  $100,  it  will  be  but  $70  if  the  policy  be  issued  upon  the 
Deferred  Annuity  or  70  per  cent.  plan.  These  policies  enjoy  all  the 
pri^ileffes  and  benefits  given  to  other  plana.  This  modification  can  be 
appliea  to  any  form  of  policy. 

Chmpound  PoUey,  This  form  promises  to  the  person  whose  life  is 
insured: 

An  endowment  of dollars,  and  to  gi?e  a  paid-np  life  policy  of  the  same 

amoant  on  the  five-year  dividend  plan.  In  favor  of  the  beneficiary  below  named,  at 
the  office  of  naid  company,  In  the  city  of  New  York,  at  the  end  of  twenty  years  frmn 
the  date  of  this  policy,  i.  «.,  on  the day  of in  the  year. . 


Or,  to  pay dollars,  to .execatora,  administrators,  or  aseigna, 

^         '  ■    f  ther    -     -  '■ 

.yean     . 
dition,  and  subject  to  the  provisions,  guarantees,  and  benefits  stated  on  the  baick  of 


Or,  to  pay dollars,  to executors,  administrators,  or  aseigna, 

within  sixty  days  after  receipt  of  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  person  whoee 
life  is  hereby  Insured,  during  said  period  of years,  upon  the  following  con- 


this  policy,  which  are  hereby  referred  to  and  made  part  hereof. 

The  back  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  20-year  distribution  form.  After 
two  years  from  their  date  the  Brooklyn's  policies  are  made  incontesta- 
ble except  for  infractions  of  the  provisions  as  to  premiums  and 
payments. 

The  applicant  is  required  to  warrant  and  agree  not  to  reside  or 
travel  in  any  part  of  the  Torrid  Zone  during  the  next  two  years  follow- 
ing the  date  of  issue  of  the  insurance,  and  not  to  engage  in  any  specially 
hazardous  occupation  or  employment,  or  in  any  military  or  naval  ser- 
vice in  time  of  war,  during  the  continuance  of  the  policy,  without 
immediately  notifying  the  company  and  paving  the  extra  premium 
charged  in  such  cases;  and  that  he  will  not  die  by  his  own  act  dtiring 
the  period  of  two  years. 

The  specially  hazardous  occupations  or  employments  referred  to 
are  handling  electric  wires  and  dynamos,  blasting,  mining,  submarine 
labor,  aeronautic  ascensions,  Arctic  explorations,  the  manufacture  of 
highly  explosive  substances,  service  upon  any  railroad  train,  or  in 
switching  or  in  coupling  cars,  or  on  any  steam  or  other  vessel ;  or  any 
military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war. 

Statements  and  answers  in  application  are  also  warranted  true. 

Commercial  Alliance  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York. 
This  company  issues  Annual  Payment  Life,  Limited  Payment  Life, 
and  Renewable  Term  policies. 

Aniwal  Payment  Life  Policy.    In  consideration  of  the  statements  and  agreements 

the  application  for  tbis  insurance  on  the  life  of (hereinafter  called  the  in ^ ' 

and  in  further  consideration  of  the  payment  of  the annual  premiums  of. , 


in  the  application  for  tbis  insurance  on  the  life  of (hereinafter  called  the  inenredX 

and  in  further  consideration  of  the  payment  of  the annual  premiums  of 

dollars  and cents  each,  on  or  before  the day  of :  In  every  year  dorixtf; 


the  continuance  of  this  contract,  a^^rees  to  pay,  witbin  sixty  days  after  satisfactory 

{iroofs  to  it  have  been  made  (under  oath  upon  the  company's  blanks)  of  the  dea  '     '  * 
nsured,  the  sum  of dollars  to of in  the  county  of. 


state  of ( of)  the  insured  or  to  such  other  person  (hereinafter  called  tbc 

beneficiary)  as  the  insured  may  from  time  to  time  designate  with  the  written  consent  of 
the  company  upon  the  following  conditions  and  agreements: 

I.  In  case  any  premium  or  payment  required  to  be  made,  in  connection  with  llu» 
insurance,  shall  not  oe  paid  when  due,  this  contract  shall  become  null  and  void,  and  of 
no  effect,  except  that 

II.  After  three  full  years  premiums  have  been  paid  upon  thia  policy,  the  en&rt 


Policy  Forms,  Lite.  818 

retenty  calculated  at  the  date  of  the  failure  to  make  said  payment,  according  to  the 
American  experience  table  of  mortality,  and  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  and  one- 
half  per  cent,  per  annum,  after  deducting  anj  indebtedness  on  account  of  premium 
then  due  and  any  loan  made  on  this  policy,  shall,  on  demand  made,  with  surrender  of 
this  policy  within  six  months  after  such  lapse,  be  taken  as  a  single  premium  of  life  in- 
sunmoe  at  the  published  rates  of  the  company  at  the  time  this  policy  was  issued,  and 
Shan  be  applied  to  the  purchase  upon  the  life  insured  at  the  age  at  the  time  of  lapse, 
paid-up  insurance  payable  at  the  same  time,  and  under  the  same  conditions  Texcept  as 
to  payment  of  premiums]  as  this  policy,  in  accordance  with  chap.  847,  laws  of  the  state 
of  New  York,  18TO. 

m.  All  payments  hereunder  are  to  be  made,  and  all  acts  perfdhned,  by  either 
party  hereto,  at  the  home  olffcc  of  the  company  in  New  York  city.  No  payment  due  to 
tiie  company  made  to  any  person  except  in  exchange  for  a  receipt  therefor,  signed  by 
tlie  preeideni,  secretaiy,  or  treasurer,  and  in  accordance  with  the  terms  and  provisions 
of  such  receipts,  and  in  cash,  will  be  valid. 

IV.  In  case  of  under  statement  of  age,  the  amount  payable  shall  be  the  insurance 
that  the  actual  premium  paid  would  have  purchased  at  the  true  age  of  the  insured. 
Any  other  breach  of  warranty  or  untrue  or  incomplete  statement  maae  in  tbe  applica- 
tion for  this  policy  will  render  this  contract  null  and  void,  provided  that  the  same  is 
discovered  ana  communicated  to  the  insured  within  two  years  from  the  date  hereof. 

V.  If,  within  two  years  from  the  date  hereof,  the  insured  shall,  without  the  written 
consent  of  this  company,  travel  or  reside  within  the  torrid  zone;  or  shall  die  by  any  act 
of  self -destruction,  voluntary  or  involuntary,  whether  sane  or  insane  at  the  time;  or 
shall  dnring  the  oontinnance  of  this  contract,  without  the  like  written  consent,  engage 
In  any  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war;  or  shall  die  from  excessive  use  of  nar- 
cotics or  stimulants,  tliis  contract  shall  become  null  and  void. 

YI.  The  contract  of  insurance  Is  contained  only  in  this  policy  and  the  application 
therefor  [which  is  part  hereof!  taken  together,  and  none  of  its  terms  shall  be  modified 
or  waived  except  in  writing,  signed  by  &e  president  together  with  the  secretary. 

^1I.  In  every  case  where  this  contract  would  become  null  and  void,  all  payments 
made  thereon  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company. 

Vm.  This  company  shall  not  take  notice  of  any  assignment  of  this  policy  until  a 
duplicate  of  such  assignment  be  delivered  to  it 

IX.  That  part  of  the  year's  premium,  if  any,  or  any  other  indebtedness,  unpaid  at 
the  maturity  of  this  contract,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  of  Uie  claim  by  death. 

X.  Dividends.— This  policy  will  be  credited  with  its  distributive  share  of  surplus 
to  be  apportioned  at  the  en>iratlon  of  ten  years  from  the  date  of  Issue.  All  surplus  so 
apportioned  will  be  applied  at  the  end  of  such  period  to  purchase  additional  insurance, 
or  if  requested  in  wrinng  before  the  end  of  said  i>eriod,  the  same  shall  then  be  payable 
in  cash.  After  said  period  the  surplus  will  be  apportioned  at  the  beginning  of  each 
year  on  the  anniversary  of  the  date  of  this  policy,  and  may  be  applied  as  hereinbefore 
provided. 

XI.  Surrender.—Tbis  policy  while  in  force  may  be  surrendered  to  the  company  at 
tiie  end  of  the  said  period  from  the  date  of  issue,  or  at  the  end  of  any  subsequent  qnin- 

auennial  period,  and  the  full  reserve  computed  by  the  American  table  of  mortality  and 
ve  per  cent,  interest,  together  with  the  outstanding  surplus  apportioned  to  its  credit, 
will  De  x»id  therefor  in  cash. 

Limited  Payment  Life.  The  same  form  is  used  except  that  the  an- 
nual payments  of  premium  are  limited. 

Beniw€U>le  Term  Policy.  This  is  tenn  insurance  for  either  10,  16, 
or  dO  years,  renewable  at  the  expiration  of  each  period  at  the  request 
of  the  assured,  without  medical  examination,  upon  payment  of  pre- 
mium for  advanced  age,  less  dividends.  It  ffives  80  days'  grace  for 
payment  of  premiums,  and  can  be  reinstated  up  to  6  months  after 
lapse,  with  health  certificate. 

The  applications  contain  these  warranties: 

I  hereby  etate  that  I  am  temperate  in  my  habits,  and  am  in  sound  physical  and 
mental  condition,  and  that  I  have  not  withheld  any  circumstance  or  information  with 
which  this  company  ought  to  be  made  acquainted. 

And  I  hereby  agree  that  no  statements,  representations,  or  information  made  or 
given  by  or  to  any  person  shall  be  bindiufl;  on  this  companv,  or  in  any  manner  affect  its 
rights  unless  the  same  be  reduced  to  wTiting  upon  this  application.  That  under  no  cir- 
cumstances shall  the  policy  hereby  applied  for  be  in  force  until  the  actual  delivery  of 
the  policv  and  acceptance  of  the  fln<t  premium  by  the  company  during  my  lifetime  and 
good  iMAJth.    That  the  entire  contract  is  contained  in  the  said  policy  ana  in  this  appli- 


814  Folic;  Fobmb,  Lifb. 

cation  and  ehall  bo  conntrued  an  a  whole,  and  accordins  to  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  the  place  of  the  contract  being  expreeely  ureea  to  be  the  principal  office  of  the 
Baid  company  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  no  suit  shall  be  brought  against  the  com- 
pany after  the  lapse  of  one  year  from  the  date  of  my  death.  That  In  any  distribatioo 
of  surplus,  the  principles  and  methods  which  mar  be  adopted  by  the  company,  and  its 
determination  or  the  amount  belonging  to  anv  policy,  shall  be  and  are  hcnby  aoeepted 
by  and  for  every  person  who  shall  nave  or  claim  any  interest  herein.  That  the  whole 
or  any  part  of  the  risk  herein  propoeed  may  be  re-insnred.  That  all  the  foreeoing  state- 
ments, agreements,  and  answers,  together  with  those  made  or  to  be  made  to  the  medical 
examiner  by  me^re  material  and  nhall  be  the  basis  of  the  contract  between  me  and  the 
said  company,  and  I  hereby  warrant  the  same  to  be  full,  complete,  and  tnia  That  for 
the  purposes  of  chapter  347,  hiws  of  the  sUte  of  New  York  for  18TO,  entitled  "An  act  to 

Srotect  the  riehts  of  policy-holders  in  life  insurance  companies,*"  the  reserve  and 
ivldend  additions  to  any  policy  issued  on  this  application,  unless  otherwise  stated  in 
the  policy,  shall  be  appliea  to  the  purchase  of  piud-np  insurance  payable  at  the  same 
time,  and  under  the  same  conditions,  except  as  to  the  payment  of  preminma,  as  the 
original  policy,  in  the  event  of  its  lapsing,  etc.,  as  in  said  law  required  and  provided. 

Ihcenty-Tear  Convertible  Option  Bond,  The  Twenty-year  Con- 
Tertible  Option  Bond  is  conditioned  that  at  the  end  of  twenty 
yeara  the  company  will  pay  " dollars,  together  with  the  sur- 
plus then  to  be  apportioned  to  this  bond  by  the  company.  Or  in  case 
of  the  prior  death  of  the  insured,  the  company  will  pay  within  sixty 

days  after  acceptance  of  satisfactory  proofs  thereof,  the  sum  of 

dollars,  and  in  addition  thereto  an  amount  equal  to  the  guaranteed 
cash  surrender  value  indorsed  hereon  for  the  current  year  in  which 
said  death  occurs." 

Five  options  are  given,  as  follows: 

At  the  end  of  twenty  years  from  the  date  hereof,  this  contract  being  in  force  and 
all  its  conditions  fully  complied  with,  the  insured  shall  be  entitled  to  any  of  the  f<rfIow- 
ing  options:  provldsd,  however,  that  he  shall  have  notified  the  company  in  writing,  not 
less  tnan  thn%  monthH  lx;fore  that  time,  which  option  he  will  select;  and  that  in  default 
of  such  notice,  the  company  will,  in  its  discreUon,  determine  which  option  shall  take 
effect: 

First  Option  — To  receive  ten  thousand  dollars  and  the  accumulations  that  may 
be  then  credited  to  tliis  bond. 

Second  OmoN  —  To  receive  during  the  ten  years  the  amount  of  annuity,  or  an- 
nual income,  printed  hereon,  and  set  opposite  the  age  of  the  applicant  at  the  time  of  tlie 
maturity  of  this  bond. 

Third  Oition  — To  receive  every  year  during  his  life  the  amount  of  whole  life 
annuity  printed  hereon,  and  set  opposite  the  age  attained. 

Fourth  Option  — A  full  paiu  whole  life  policy  for  ten  thousand  dollars  and  the 
cash  payment  printed  hereon,  and  set  opposite  the  age  of  the  applicant  at  the  time  of 
the  maturity  of  this  bond. 

Fifth  Option  — If  the  applicant  is  not  then  over  sixty  years  of  age,  he  mny,  in 
lieu  of  the  above  stated  options,  receive  an  annuity  of  one  thousand  aollara  for  ten 
years  after  the  maturity  of  this  bond,  and  a  full  paid  life  policy  for  the  same  term  of 
ten  years  for  ten  thousand  dollars,  payable  in  case  of  his  death  during  said  term. 

CoNNBCTicuT  Qensbal  Life  INSURANCE  CoMPANT.  Thls  Com- 
pany issues  an  "annual  payment  life  policy,"  ''ten  payment  life 
policy,"  *' twenty-payment  life  policy,"  and  an  "endowment  policy." 
One  form  answers  for  all,  except  for  the  necessary  changes  to  cover 
the  differences  tn  the  payment  of  premium  and  the  endowment  term. 
The  annual  payment  life  policy  reads: 

The  Connecticut  General  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  application  for  this  policy  (whicn  is  made  a  part  of  this  contract),  and 

of  the  annual  premium  of dollars  and cents,  to  be  paid  at  the  liome 

office  of  the  company  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  on  or  before  the day  of 

in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract;  does  promise,  upon  the  conditions 
hereinafter  contained,  on  receipt  at  its  home  office  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death, 

during  the  continuance  of  this  contract,  of (hereinafter  called  the  insuiedy,  of 

county  of and  state  of to  pay  at  its  said  home  office 

to. , , . , to  the  legal  representatives  of  the  insured .^ , , ,  .dollars,  any  In- 


Policy  Forxb,  Lifb.  815 

debtedneis  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  contract  to  be  first  deducted  therefrom. 
The  oonditions  of  this  contract  arc  as  follows: 

Ist.  That  it  shall  become  null  and  void  if  any  statement  made  in  said  application 
shall  be  nntme;  or  if  any  premium  or  installment  of  premium  shall  not  be  paid  when 
due;  or  if  the  insured  shall  die  by  any  act  of  self-destruction  (except  upon  proof  that 
the  same  was  the  result  of  disease  or  accident  occurring  without  the  involuntary  act  of 
the  insured). 

9d.  If,  within  two  years  from  its  date,  and  without  the  written  consent  of  the  com- 
panv  (siened  by  Its  president  or  secretary),  the  insured  shall  pass  or  remain  without  the 
limits  of  the  temperate  zone,  or  shall  personally  engage  in  mining  or  submarine  labor, 
or  in  the  manufacture  or  transportation  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  or  in 
Merrice  on  any  railroad  train,  steamboat,  or  other  vessel,  or  in  military  or  naval  service 
in  time  of  war,  in  each  or  either  such  case  this  contract  shall  become  null  and  void. 

9d.  If  this  policy  shall  become  void  by  non-payment  of  premium,  after  three  or 
more  complete  annual  premiums  have  been  paid,  the  company  will  issue  a  ^'paid-up  " 
policy  (witQout  participation  in  surplus)  for  the  amount  specified  in  the  table  of  ''  paid- 
up  policy  values"  indorsed  hereon;  providsd  this  policy  is  legally  surrendered  therefor 
at  the  home  olBce  within  six  months  from  the  date  of  lapse. 

4tfa.  At  the  end  of  the  fifth,  and  every  subsequent  fifth  year  from  date  of  issue,  the 
cash  value  specified  in  the  table  of  "  casn  surrender  values  "  indorsed  hereon,  will  be 
paid  for  this  policy ;  provided  it  shall  then  be  in  force  under  its  original  conditions,  and 
is  legally  siirrend«rea  at  the  home  oflice  within  thirty  days  from  the  close,  of  such  period. 

CoHiraoTicuT  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company.  July  1,  1890, 
thiB  company  began  to  issue  new  forms  of  policy  contracts,  covering 
life  policies  with  premiums  payable  in  10.  15,  20,  and  25  years,  ana 
during  life;  endowment  policies  maturing  at  the  ages  of  60,  95,  70,  and 
75,  or  at  the  end  of  term  of  25,  80,  and  35  years,  with  premiums  pay- 
able in  10  and  20  years  and  during  the  term  of  the  policy;  and  endow- 
ment policies  maturing  in  10,  16,  and  20  years  with  premiums  payable 
during  the  term.  All  these  forms  become  paid-up  insurances,  by  their 
terms,  without  surrender  or  care  on  the  part  of  the  parties  in  interest, 
upon  non-payment  of  a  premium  when  due  after  the  payment  of  from 
two  to  four  annual  premiums  as  may  be  required,  and  the  amounts  of 
such  paid-up  insurances  are  printed  upon  the  contract  and  made  a  part 
of  it.  All  of  them,  except  the  endowment  policies  maturing  in  10,  15, 
and  20  years,  may  be  surrendered  for  a  stipulated  cash  value  at  the 
end  of  ten  years,  or  at  the  end  of  any  subsequent  successive  period  of 
five  years,  which  cash  value  is  also  printed  on  the  contract  and  made  a 
part  of  it.  All  life  policies  are  of  the  same  general  form,  differing 
only  as  to  the  payees  and  correspondingly  as  to  the  fifth  condition, 
and  as  to  the  term  of  payment  of  premiums  and  correspondingly  as  to 
the  paid-up  and  cash  values.  The  endowment  policies  differ  in  like 
respects,  and  also  in  that  the  endowment  policies  maturing  in  10,  15, 
ana  20  years  have  no  cash  values  prior  to  maturity. 

Annual  Life  Policy-^ 

The  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  considera- 
tion of  the  application  for  this  Insurance,  which  is  the  basis  of  and  a  part  of  this  con- 
tracL,  and  a  copy  whereof  is  hereunto  annexed,  and  of  the  several  answers,  warranties, 

and  agreements  therein  contained,  and  of  the  annual  premium  of dollars  to  be 

paid  to  them  on  the day  of 189    ,  and  on  or  before  the  same  date  in  every 

vear  dnrine  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  do  hereby  insure  the  life  of (the 

Insured),  or county  of state  of for  the  term  of  his  natural  life,  in 

the  sum  of dollars,  to  be  paid  to executors,  administrators,  or  assigns. 

within  thirtv  davs  after  due  notice  and  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  death  of  the  said 
insured  while  this  contract  is  in  full  force  and  effect  shall  have  been  received  at  the  office 
of  said  companv  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  less  any  balance  of  the  year's  premium  when 
not  all  paid  at  the  beginning  of  the  year,  and  any  other  indebtedness  to  this  company 
on  account  of  this  policy ;  and  if,  after  the  payment,  as  above,  of  the  number  of  annual 
premiums  required  by  the  table  of  paid-up  insurance  printed  hereon  and  hereby  made  a 
part  of  this  contract,  any  subsequent  premium  or  installment  of  premium  be  not  paid 


816  Policy  Fobmb,  Life. 


when  dae,  said  companr  do  thereopon  and  thereafter  and  upon  the  same  oomaideratloiiB 
hereinbefore  set  forth,  oat  withoat  farther  nayment  of  premioma,  inaiire  said  life  for 
aaid  tenUf  bat  only  in  a  aam  to  be  aacertalnea  br  said  table,  and  to  be  pajaUe  as  above 
provided;  and  at  uie  end  of  ten  years  from  the  date  above  written,  or  at  the  end  of  each 
period  of  five  years  thereafter,  this  policy  having  been  in  force  dorin^f  sacfa  entire 
periods  for  the  full  sum  first  above  named  as  inmired  hereby  and  not  ottierwise,  this 
company  will  pay  to  the  person  or  persons  thereanto  designated  In  the  aforesaid  appli- 
cation a  cash  valae  therefor,  to  be  ascertained  by  the  table  of  cash  values  printed  hereon 
and  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  but  only  upon  surrender  and  release  liereof  bv 
sudb  person  or  persons  within  thirtv  days  after  Uie  end  of  such  period;  and  any  and 
every  sum  dne  under  this  policy  shall  be  payable  onlv  at  the  ofilce  of  said  company  in 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  upon  surrender  and  satisfactory  release  hereof: 

Subject  to  the  conditions  and  agreements  upon  tlie  second  page  of  this  policy, 
wiiich  are  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  part  of  tliis  contract. 

TTiit  policy  it  Umed  ctnd  aeeepUd  vptm  th€  foUowing  exprest  conditions  and  agree- 
ments, r^erred  to  on  tks  Jlrst  page  and  made  apart  of  this  contract. 

Ist.  That  this  contract  of  insurance  is  wholly  expressed  and  contained  in  this  policy 
and  the  application  therefor,  and  that  no  alteration,  chance,  modification,  wai\'er,  or 
subsequent  agreement  whatever  respecting  this  policy  shall  oc  binding  on  said  company 
unless  made  In  writing  signed  by  the  executive  officers  thereof;  and  that  agents  of  the 
company  tiave  no  power  or  authority  to  make,  alter,  chansc,  or  modify  any  of  the  terms, 
conaitions,  or  agreements  of  this  policy,  or  to  waive  forfeitures  thereof. 

Sd.  That  tms  policy  shall  not  be  in  force  and  binding  on  this  company  nnti]  the 
advance  premium  hereon  shall  have  been  actually  paid  during  the  lifetune  of  the  in- 
sured; and  that  if  any  subsequent  premium,  or  installment  of  premium,  on  this  policy 
be  not  paid  when  dne,  then  this  policy  shall  cesse  and  determme  and  become  and  be 
null  and  void,  except  as  hereinbefore  provided  after  the  payment  of  the  requisite  nnm- 
ber  of  annual  premiums;  and  that  no  premium  on  this  policy  shall  be  considered  as 
paid  onlees  a  receipt  shall  be  eiven  therefor,  signed  by  the  president  or  secretary  of  the 
company,  and  such  receipt  is  uie  sole  evidence  of  the  authority  of  any  agent  to  receive 
any  premium  on  account  of  this  policy;  and  that  all  premiums  or  other  paymeDts  on 
account  of  this  policy  are  payable  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  Hartford.  Connoctlcut, 
and  not  elsewhere;  but  for  con%'enience  of  the  person  paying  the  same,  such  receipt  may 
be  sent  to  any  agent  or  correspondent  of  the  company  for  collection,  and  payment  to 
such  agent  or  correspondent  shall  tie  held  to  have  been  made  at  said  office  of  the 
company. 

8d.    That  the  following  risks  are  not  assumed  bv  this  company  under  this  contract: 

Death  while  residing  or  being,  or  from  any  disease  con&acted  while  residing  or 
being,  outside  the  temperate  zones,  or  while  personally  engaged  or  employed,  or  mun 
any  accident  or  injury  received  while  engaged  or  onployed,  in  making  any  a!ronantic 
voyage  or  excnrsion,  or  in  blasting,  mining,  or  in  an^  submarine  operations,  or  In  the 
manufacture,  handling,  use,  custody,  or  transportation  of  highly  inflammable  or  ex- 
plosive substances,  or  upon  service  on  any  ocean,  sea,  sound,  inlet,  river,  lake,  or  rail- 
road, or  in  any  military  or  naval  service  whatsoever  in  time  of  war,  whether  volnntaiy 
or  otherwise,  or  as  a  member  of  any  paid  fire  department,  without  the  consent  of  this 
company  previously  given  in  writing ;  or  death  in  the  violation  of  law,  or  in  con- 
seq^uence  thereof,  or  after  conviction  of  felony;  or  by  self-dcstmction,  exo^t  npon 
satisfactory  proof  that  the  insured  was  so  far  insane  as  to  destroy  his  responsbuity 
therefor,  or  m  a  state  of  drunkenness,  or  from  any  accident  or  violence  reodved  while 
in  ttiat  state,  or  from  any  disease  caused  by  stimulants  or  narcotics,  and  if  deliritun 
tremens,  or  any  injury  to  or  impairment  of  the  health  be  caused  by  them,  this  policy 
shall  thereupon  and  thereby  t>e  wholly  forfeited  and  terminated. 

In  each  and  every  of  the  foregoing  cases  this  policy  shall  become  and  be  null  and 
void;  but  the  company  will  unon  surrender  and  satisfactory  release  hereof  within  one 
year  thereafter  and  not  othemise,  return  to  the  assured  the  then  net  reser^'e  upon  this 
policy,  computed  upon  the  American  table  of  mortality  and  three  per  oentnm  com- 
pound interest,  less  any  balance  of  the  year's  premium  when  not  all  paid  at  the  besin- 
ning  of  the  year,  and  any  other  Indebtedness  to  this  company  on  account  of  this  poOcv. 

4th.  That  In  every  case  in  which  this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine  or  shall  be- 
come and  be  null  and  void,  all  premiums  paid  and  moneys  or  credits  held  on  account  of 
the  same  shall  be  forfeited  to  this  company,  except  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

6th.  That  no  assignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  valid  unless  made  in  writing,  and 
a  duplicate  or  certified  copy  thereof  be  filed  at  the  office  of  said  company:  aiM  any 
claim  against  this  company,  arising  under  this  policy,  made  by  an  assignee  or  creditor, 
shall  be  subject  to  satusfactory  proof  of  interest  in  the  life  insured,  in  due  form,  and  to 
any  breach  of  the  conditions  of  this  contract  by  any  of  the  parties  hereto,  whether  such 
breach  exist  prior  or  subsequent  to  any  such  assignment:  and  such  proof  of  interest 
shall  be  a  condition  precedent  to  any  right  of  action  on  this  contract  by  or  on  behalf  o| 


Policy  Pobmb,  Li*b.  817 

such  asfiignee;  and  tfaie  company  shaU  in  no  case  be  roeponaible  for  the  yalidity  of  any 
assignment. 

All  of  this  company's  policies  have  a  copy  of  the  application 
attached,  also  tables  of  paid-up  and  cash  values,  and  other  information 
which  may  be  useful  to  policy-holders  in  a  mutual  company. 

GoYBNAKT  Mutual  Benefit  Absociatiok  of  Illihoib.  Principal 
office  at  Galesburg.    This  association's  policy  reads: 

This  ccrtijlcate  witnesaeth  that,  in  consideration  of  the  receipt  of  the  advance  pre- 
mium, the  payment  of  all  bi-monthly  premioms  or  assessments  hereinafter  required, 
and  the  representations,  agreements,  and  warranties  made  in  the  application  for  mem- 
bership of of coontyof state  of a  copy  of  which 

is  hereto  annexed,  and  the  agreement  on  h. . . .  part  to  accept  and  complv  with  all  the 

Erovieions  hereinafter  stated,  the  Covenant  Mutnal  Benefit  Association  or  Illinois  does 
ereby  issue  this  policy,  and  constitutes  the  above-named  applicant,  hereinafter  termed 
the  insured,  a  member  of  the  said  association,  and  agrees  to  pay  from  any  funds  received 

or  to  be  collected  for  mortuary  purposes  as  a  benefit  to if  living,  if  not,  to  the 

legal  representatives  of  the  insured,  at  the  Association's  ofllce  in  Galesburg,  Illinois, 
within  nhiety  days  from  the  receipt  by  said  association  of  full  and  satisfactoi^  proofs  of 
a  valid  claim  under  this  contract,  conditioned  upon  the  death  of  the  insured  from  any 
cause  not  exempted  by  the  provisions  and  agreements  contained  in  said  application,  or 

this  certificate  or  policy  of  insurance,  the  sum  of dollars,  together  with  such 

port  of  the  emergency  fund  as  shall  be  due  under  the  terms  of  this  contract,  any  unpaid 
premiums  or  other  Indebtedneto  being  first  deducted  therefrom. 

Provided  farther^  that  in  the  event  the  insured  shall  become  totally  and  permap 
nently  disabled  in  the  pursuit  of  any  vocation,  or  from  any  cause  not  prohibited  bv  this 
contract,  upon  the  determination  of  the  medical  director  and  executive  board,  this 
policy,  if  then  in  force,  may.  at  the  option  of  the  said  executive  board,  be  surrendered, 
properly  receipted,  at  one-half  its  face  value,  any  unpaid  premiums  or  other  indebted- 
ness being  deducted  therefrom. 

Pnmded  upeeidUy^  that  this  policy  of  insurance,  and  the  provisions,  requirements, 
conditions,  agreements,  representations,  and  warranties  set  forth  on  the  succeeding 
pages,  or  contained  in  the  said  application,  shall  be  taken  together,  and  in  such  entirew 
shall  constitute  the  contract  of  Insurance  between  the  said  association  and  the  insured; 
and  this  certificate  or  policy  of  insurance  is  issued  solely  upon  the  statements,  represen- 
tations, and  warranties  made  in  the  aforesaid  application,  and  shall  not  go  Into  effect  or 
remain  in  force  and  be  binding  upon  the  association  unless  such  statements,  representa- 
tions, and  warranties  are  true,  and  the  Insured  shall  fully  comply  with  all  the  conditions, 
requirements,  and  agreements  contained  in  this  contract 
This  poUcy  U  iswed  and  accepted  tutjed  to  tkefoUowing  expreee  condUiant: 

1st.  To  provide  for  the  payment  of  all  death  claims,  or  other  current  expenses,  and 
to  maintain  an  adequate  emergency,  or  reserve,  fund  to  guarantee  the  prompt  payment 
in  full  of  all  future  obligations  there  shall  be  due,  according  to  the  mortality  experience 
and  emergency  fund  requirements  of  the  association,  and  payable  at  Its  general  office 
in  Galesburg,  111.,  on  the  first  business  days  of  January,  March,  May,  July,  September, 
and  Kovember,  respectively,  of  each  and  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this 
contract,  a  bi-monthly  premium  or  aseeesment  basied  upon  the  annexed  table  of  rates, 
according  to  age,  and  graded  according  to  the  mortality  experience  of  the  association, 
and  amount  of  bcbeflts  named  herein ;  j^wided^  however,  tliat  at  such  time  or  times  as  the 
insured  shall  be  entitled  to  the  advantages  of  the  emergency  fund,  as  hereinafter  stated, 
tbe  board  of  managing  directors  may  readjust  the  grading  or  basis  of  the  bi-monthly 
assessments  or  premiums  due  thereafter  in  accordance  with  the  amount  of  such  emer- 
gency fund  then  available,  the  current  age  of  the  members  and  the  mortality  of  the 
association. 

9d.    No  personal  liability  of  the  insured  is  incurred  by  becoming  a  policy-holder  in 


this  association,  but  this  certificate  or  policy  of  insurance  Is  issued  and  accepted  subject 
to  the  express  conditions  that  if  any  of  the  payments  stipulated  in  this  contract  shall 
not  be  pdd  to  this  association  on  or  before  the  day  of  the  date  as  provided  in  this  con- 
tract, at  its  home  office  in  Galesburg,  Bl.,  this  contract  shall  terminate  and  all  rights  be 
forfeited  to  the  association. 

8d.  The  amount  received  from  bi-monthly  premiums  or  calls,  less  the  amount 
hereinafter  provided  for  the  general  and  the  emergency  fund,  shall  constitute  the  mort- 
nary  fund,  and  shall  only  be  used  for  the  payment  of  death  claims  and  the  protection  of 
the  mortuary  fund. 

4th.  Twenty-five  cents  on  each  five  hundred  dollars  of  insurance,  to  be  collected 
bi-monthly  (which  is  Included  in  the  above-mentioned  table  of  rates),  shall  be  carried  to 
the  general  fond  to  provide  for  the  expenses. 


818  Policy  Fobms,  Livb. 

5th.  Twenty  per  oeDt.  of  the  mortoAry  premiom  received  under  this  certiflcatS  or 
policy  of  innarancc  may  be  converted  into  the  emergency  fund  and  held  in  trust,  a» 
provfded  in  the  by-lawe,  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of  tie  policy-holders,  to  be  need  only 
for  ttie  purpoM  of  paying  the  actual  increase  of  co«t  by  reason  of  the  advancing  age  of 
mombera  and  payment  of  death  loeeee  in  exceaa  of  the  actuary's  mortality  tables  as 
provided  in  section  6. 

6th.  After  this  certificate  or  policy  has  been  in  force  six  years  from  the  fli«t  dv  of 
January  following  its  date,  and  annually  thereafter,  there  sball  be  an  equitable  distri- 
bution, for  nsc  in  paying  future  mortuary  premiums,  of  so  much  of  the  then  nnappro- 
prlatea  emergency  fund  and  its  accumulations  as  are  derivable  from  the  oHitributioDS 
mude  thereto  the  sixth  respective  precodine  year  and  part  of  year;  and  upon  the  death 
of  the  insured,  after  this  certificate  or  policy  has  been  in  continuous  force  six  ^ean 
from  the  first  day  of  January  following  its  date,  there  shall  be  due  the  beneflciaries 
hereunder,  payable  in  like  manner  andunder  same  conditions  as  the  beoeflta  naiDcd 
herein,  such  part  of  the  then  total  emergency  fund  and  its  interest  accumnlattoDsas  the 
association's  actuarv  shall  determine  legally  due,  in  proportion  to  the  contribntioos 
made  by  the  insured  thereto. 

7th.  A  printed  notice,  directed  to  the  addreas  of  the  insured  as  it  aiq>ean  at  the 
time  on  the  books  of  the  association,  and  deposited  in  the  post-ofllce,  or  printed  in  a 
newspaper  published  by  the  association,  and  forwarded  as  aforesaid,  siiall  be  leni 
notice  of  any  required  payment,  and  the  testimony  of  the  secretary,  supported  by  the 
aflidavit  of  the  person  or  persons  who  performed  such  service  of  mailing  said  notice  so 
addressed,  shall  be  taken  and  admitted  as  conclusive  evidence  of  such  mailing,  and  as 
absolute  proof  of  due  notice  to  the  insured. 

8th.  In  case  of  change  of  residence,  post-ofllce  address,  occupation,  or  name  of 
the  insured,  he  or  she  must  immediately  notify  the  secretary  of  such  change,  and  upop 
the  failure  of  the  association  to  receive  such  notice,  it  shall  proceed  for  all  purpOMS  as  if 
no  such  change  had  been  made. 

9tb.  No  liability  shall  be  incurred  by  the  association  until  the  payment  of  the  ad- 
vance premium,  the  receipt  and  approval  of  a  written  application,  and  this  certificate  or 
policy  of  insurance  has  been  issued  and  delivered  during  the  life  and  good  health  of 
the  insured;  and  no  agent  or  other  person,  except  the  president  or  secretary,  baa  power 
to  change,  modify,  or  alter  this  contract  or  to  waive  forfeiture,  extend  credit  or  grant 
permits. 

10th.  Benefits  under  this  certificate  or  policy  shall  not  become  dne  and  payable 
until  ninety  days  after  there  have  been  delivered  to  the  association  satisfactory  proofs 
of  IX  valid  claim,  upon  the  blanks  furnished,  which  prpofs  must  contain  full  and  true 
answers,  under  oath,  to  all  questions  asked  by  the  association  relating  to  the  life, 
health,  total  and  permanent  disability  or  death  of  the  insured ;  and  in  case  an  inquest 
is  held,  shall  have  attached  thereto  and  made  a  part  thereof  certified  copies  of  the  evi- 
dence, verdict,  and  proceedings  of  such  inquest,  and  such  complete  proofs  may  be  used 
by  the  association  as  evidence  of  the  facts  therein  recited.  Proofs  of  death  moat  con- 
tain positive,  reliable,  and  unquestioned  proof  of  death,  aa  the  disappearance  of  the 
insured,  or  claim  made  without  such  proofs  of  death  being  fumished,  is  not  a  risk 
assumed  under  this  contract. 

11th.  If  the  insured  shall  personally  engage  in  blasting,  submarine  operatlcHia,  un- 
derground mining,  selling  intoxicating  liquors,  glass  blowing,  manufacturing  poisonous, 
explosive,  or  inflammable  substances,  trading  or  residing  among  savage  tribes  <k^ 
nations,  or  be  emploved  as  an  indoor  stone  or  marble  cutter,  qnarta  mill  operator,  as  a 
fireman,  as  a  railroad  switchman,  engineer,  fireman,  brakemau  or  freight  conductor,  or 
shall  be  engaged  in  military  service  (except  in  time  of  peace)  or  in  naval  or  marine 
service  without  having  first  obtained  the  written  consent  of  the  association,  co'  shall  die 
in  conaeauence  of  engaging  In  duelling,  fighting,  keeping  unlawful  or  disrepntablo 
resorts,  me  violation  or  attempted  violation  or  the  laws  of  any  nation,  state,  or 
province,  by  the  hands  of  justice,  or  be  convicted  of  a  felony,  then,  in  each  and  every 
such  case,  this  certificate  or  policy  shall  be  null  and  void,  and  all  payments  made  there- 
under shall  be  forfeited. 

12th.  If  the  insured  shall  nsc  stimulants  or  narcotics  to  such  an  extent  as  to  impair 
his  or  her  health,  or  produce  delirium  tremens  or  cause  death ;  or  shall  die  while  intox- 
icated or  from  the  effects  of  drunkenness  ;  or  if  there  has  been  anv  false  or  untrue  state- 
ment made  in  the  application  or  examiner's  certificate,  then,  and  in  each  and  every  such 
case,  this  certificate  shall  be  null  and  void,  and  all  payments  made  thereon  shall  oe  for- 
feited to  the  association. 

18th.  If  the  insured  shall  die  by  suicide,  or  from  the  effects  of  such  attempt, 
whether  sane  or  insane,  or  in  consequence  of  his  or  her  criminal  action,  the  liability  of 
tills  association  shall  not  exceed  tlie  amount  of  mortuary  calls  paid  on  this  certificate 
or  policy  of  insurance  with  interest. 

14th.  If  at  any  time  during  the  first  five  years  of  this  contract:,  reliable  infonns- 
tion  and  evidence  shall  come  to  the  knowledge  of  said  association  that  the  ineoxed  did 


Policy  Form's,  LiFtt.  819 

make  false  and  untrue  statements  In  tiis  or  her  application,  on  the  good  faith  of  which 
thia  oertillcate  is  issued,  or  if  the  insured  shall  be  guilty  of  any  criminal  act,  or  shall 
injure  his  or  her  health  by  the  use  of  alcoholic,  narcotic,  or  other  stimulants,  or  shall 
become  an  habitual  or  excessive  user  of  intoxicants,  have  delirium  tremens,  or  shall 
violate  any  one  of  the  conditions  or  agreements  contained  in  the  application  or  this 
certificate,  the  association  may,  bv  written  or  printed  notice  signed  by  its  oresident  and 
secretary,  notify  the  insured  of  his  or  her  violation  of  the  conditions  ana  agreements 
therein  contained,  and  that  the  question  of  cancellation  of  the  same  will  come  before 
the  board  of  managing  directors  at  the  time  named  in  said  notice  (which  shall  not  be 
less  than  thirty  days  from  date  thereof)  for  hearing  and  investigating,  and  the  find- 
ing of  said  board  and  their  action  thereon  shall  be  final  and  conclusive  and  an  absolute 
bar  to  the  prosecution  and  recovery  on  this  certificate  after  the  death  of  the  insured. 

16th.  This  contract  shall  be  governed  by,  subject  to  and  construed  only  according 
to  the  Uws  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  the  place  of  this  contract,  and  shall  not  be  trans- 
ferred or  assigned,  and  no  action  at  law  or  suit  in  equity  shall  be  brought  or  maintained 
hereon  or  recovery  had,  unless  such  proceeding  be  commenced  within  one  year  from  the 
date  of  death  of  the  insured,  such  lapse  of  time  being  an  absolute  bar  against  the 
validity  of  the  claim ;  any  delay  in  furnishing,  as  above  provided,  proofs  of  death, 
shall  not  be  held  to  waive  or  change  this  limitation. 

16th.  If  this  contract  shall  have  been  in  continuous  force  until  five  years  from  its 
date,  it  shall  thereafter  be  incontestable  for  error  or  misstatements  in  the  application, 
and  for  all  causes  named  in  sections  IS  and  14  of  this  contract;  p^rovided  tlie  conditions 
as  to  occupation  and  payment  of  mortuaiy  calls  have  been  compiled  with;  toidi  provided 
further,  that  where  an  understatement  of  age  is  made,  in  which  case  the  benefits  recov- 
erable herein  shall  be  such  proportional  part  only  of  the  whole  benefit  named  herein  as 
the  total  amount  of  the  mortuary  premiums  paid  bears  to  the  total  amount  required  at 
the  true  age.  and  except,  further,  that  if  the  true  age  at  the  date  of  the  application  was 
beyond  the  limit  of  age  then  taken  by  the  association,  then  there  shall  ue  recoverable 
only  the  total  amount  of  bi-monthly  premiums  paid  thereon. 

Covenant  Mutual  Lifb  Inburangb  Company.  This  company 
issues  ''ordinary  life,"  "limited  payment  life,"  "renewable  term," 
"endowment,"  "monthly  payment  life  rate  endowment,"  "life  rate 
endowment,"  and  "  twenty  payment  indemnity  and  life  income"  poli- 
cies. 

Ordinary  L\f6  Policy.  The  Covenant  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company  of  St.  Ix)ui8, 
in  consideration  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  and  of  the  several  statements  made 

therein,  and  in  further  consideration  of  the  payment  to  it  of  the  sum  of 

dollars  and cents,  and  the  payment  of  a  like  amount  on  or  before  the 

day  of in  each  and  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract, 

promises  to  pay,  at  its  office  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  unto 

i«ixty  days  after  receiving  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of of 

county  of state  of the  sum  of dollars,  first  deducting 

therefrom  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  hereof. 

This  contract  is  nuide  and  accepted  by  all  parties  in  interest  upon  the  following 
conditions  and  agreements: 

First.  That  the  application  for  this  policy  is  made  a  part  hereof^  and  each  of  the  ' 
material  statements,  answers,  declarations,  and  reprt^sentationa  therein  made  are  war- 
rant^ to  be  true,  and  if  any  of  the  same  are  found  to  be  antrue  in  any  respect,  or  if  this 
contract  has  been  obtained  by  or  through  any  fraud,  or  by  the  misrepresentation  or  con- 
cealment of  any  material  fact,  or  if  default  be  made  in  the  payment  of  any  premium  for 
the  first  two  years,  this  policy  shall  become  absolutely  null  and  void,  and  all  payments 
made  on  or  Interest  in  it  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company. 

Second.  That  if  the  insured  shall  die  by  or  in  consequence  of  the  excessive  use  of 
intoxicating  drinks,  opiates,  or  narcotics,  or  In  consequence  of  a  duel,  or  In  the  viola- 
tion of  the  laws  of  any  state  or  country,  or  in  any  military  or  naval  service  (except 
when  engaged  in  such  service  with  the  written  consent  of  the  company),  or  shall  be 
convicted  of  a  felony,  the  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  the  sum  insured,  but  will  pay, 
and  all  parties  in  interest  will  accept  in  full  discharge  and  satisfaction  of  any  claim 
hereunder,  a  sum  equal  to  the  net  value  of  this  policy,  at  the  time  of  such  death  or  cou- 
viction.  computed  according  to  the  American  experience  table  of  mortality,  with  inter- 
est at  six  per  cent,  per  annum,  first  deducting  from  such  net  value  the  amount  of  any 
indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  hereof.  And  that  if  the  insured  shall  become 
an  habitual  drunkard,  or  so  addicted  to  the  use  of  intoxicating  drinks,  opiates,  or  nar- 
cotics, as  to  induce  delirium  tremens  or  impair  his  health,  or  shall  enter  any  military  or 
naval  service  (militia  when  not  in  actual  service  excepted),  the  company  may  cancel  this 
contract  and  shall  be  absolved  from  any  and  all  liability  under  it  wliatsocver  by  tender- 


ing  to  the  legal  holder  or  holders  hereof  the  then  net  Taloe  of  this  policy,  computed  w 
aforesaid,  first  dedactiug  from  each  net  value  any  indebtodnew  to  the  company  on  ac- 
ooont  hereof. 

Third.  That  after  the  payment  of  two  fall  years'  premiums  hereon,  if  defaolt  be 
made  in  the  payment  of  any  premium  due  thereafter,  this  contract  will  be  conllnoed  in 
force  in  accordance  with  the  following  rule:  Three-fourths  of  its  net  valae,  oompoted 
according  to  the  American  experience  table  of  mortality,  with  interest  at  four  and  one- 
half  per  cent,  per  annum  (less  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  bereoO, 
shall  oe  applied  as  a  net  single  premium  for  temporary  insurance  for  a  term  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  age  of  the  Insured  at  date  of  lapse,  ana  the  assumption  of  mortality  and 
Interest  aforesud.    If  the  insured  shall  die  during  said  term  of  extended  insurance,  the 


company  shall  par  the  full  amount  insured,  flirst  deducting  the  amount  of  alf  the  fore- 
borne  premiums,  Including  the  premium  for  the  year  in  wnich  the  death  occois,  with 
interest  at  six  per  cent,  per  annum  compounded.  But,  if  the  insured  shall  sonriTe  said 
term  of  extended  insurance,  this  contract  shall  cease  and  determine,  and  the  oompany 
l>e  released  from  any  and  all  liability  under  it  whatsoerer. 

Or,  should  the  Bolder  hereof  so  elect,  within  sixty  days  from  date  of  lapse,  and 
after  the  payment  of  two  or  more  full  years'  premiums,  and  tne  conditions  hereof  haTing 
been  in  all  other  respects  complied  wiu.  the  company  will,  on  surrender  of  this.  Issue 
a  new  policy  payable  to  the  beneficiary  herein  named,  for  such  amount  as  can  be  por- 
chased  by  the  then  net  value  hereof,  computed  according  to  the  American  experience 
table  of  mortality,  with  four  and  one-half  per  cent  interest  as  aforesaid,  considered  as 
a  gross  single  premium  upon  the  table  of  rates  of  the  company,  for  the  age  of  the  in- 
sured at  date  of  lapse,  first  deducting  therefrom  the  net  rererBionarr  valae  of  any 
indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  hereof,  which  paid-up  policy  snail  be  subject 
to  all  the  conditions  of  this  contract,  except  as  to  further  payment  of  prenoium,  and 
without  participation  in  profits  or  surplus.  lYovided,  however^  that  In  computing  said 
net  values,  full  years'  premiums  only  shall  be  considered,  and  where  a  f nil  year's  pay- 
ment has  not  been  made,  such  net  values  shall  bo  computed  at  the  last  anniversary 
hereof  preceding  such  lapse. 

Fourth.  That  the  insured,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  company  endorsed 
hereon,  mav  change  the  beneficiary  or  beneficiaries  herein  named,  and  the  compauv 
shall  not  take  notice  of  any  assignment  of  this  policy  until  a  certified  copy  thereof 
shall  be  filed  with  it. 

Fifth.  That  due  proofs  of  death,  and  of  Just  claim,  under  oath,  and  in  accardanoe 
with  the  blanks  of  the  company  furnished  therefor,  shall  be  filed  in  the  home  oflBoe  of 
the  company  within  six  monUis  after  the  death  of  the  insured,  and  no  action  or  pro- 
ceeding shall  be  brought  against  the  oompany  under  this  contract,  laleas  such  action  or 
proceeding  shall  be  commenced  within  the  term  of  eighteen  months  next  after  tlie  date 
of  such  death. 

Sixth.  That  no  money  payable  to  the  company  on  account  hereof  shall  be  consid- 
ered as  paid  unless  a  receipt  be  given  therefor,  signed  by  the  president  or  eecreiary 
thereof,  and  that  no  waiver  of  forfeiture,  or  change  in,  or  addition  to.  or  qualiflcatioo 
of  any  of  the  conditions  hereof,  shall  be  valid  nuHiss  executed  in  writing  by  the  presi- 
dent and  secretanr  of  the  company,  and  that  this  contract  shall  take  effect  when,  and 
not  before,  the  advance  premium  hereon  shall  be  actually  paid  during  the  lifetime  of  the 
insured. 

Limited  Payment  Life.  Tliis  does  not  differ  from  the  ordinaij  life 
policy,  except  that  the  paid-up  value  bears  "such  proportion  to  the 
amount  hereof  as  the  number  of  complete  yearly  prendums  actually 
paid  shall  bear  to  the  number  of  such  yearly  premiums  stipulated  to  be 
paid." 

Partieipating  Renewable  Term  PoUey.  This  is  written  for  ten  jean, 
and  has  the  following  special  proyisions: 

First.  That  the  application  for  this  policy  is  made  a  part  hereof,  and  the  material 
statements,  answers,  ana  representations  therein  made  are  warranted  to  be  true,  and  if 
any  of  the  same  are  found  to  be  untrue,  or  if  this  contract  has  been  obtainedf  bv  or 
through  any  fraud,  or  by  the  misrepresentation  or  concealment  of  any  material  fact, 
this  policy  shall  be  null  and  void. 

Second.  That  this  policy  may,  atthe  option  of  the  insured,  be  renewed  by  endorse- 
ment hereon  by  the  president  and  secretary  of  the  company,  for terms  of  ten 

7«arB,  by  payment  of  the  premium  for  the  age  at  date  of  such  renewaL  or  renewals. 
Provided,  that  before  the  expiration  of  the  term,  the  insured  shall  oeaa  the  original 
policy  to  the  company  for  endorsement  of  such  renewal,  with  satisfactory  evidence  that 
p....  naolts  as  to  the  use  of  Intoxicating  liquors  remain  as  good  as  when  originaDy 
insured,  and  shall  pay  the  amount  of  premium  required  for  the  advanced  age. 


Policy  PotUis,  Li^.  tlil 

Third.  That  at  the  expiration  of  the  last  term  proyidcd  for  herein,  the  insared  may 
ffiirrender  this  policy  and  have  iasaed  to  n....  a  new  policy,  payable  at  death  only, 
upon  payment  thereafter  of  the  ordinay  life  premium  for  the  age  at  date  of  issning 
Boch  new  policy. 

Foarth.  'nils  policy  may,  at  any  anniversary  of  the  date  of  issue,  be  exchanged 
for  a  whole  life  or  endowment  policy  of  the  same  amount  upon  payment  thereafter  of 
the  premium  required  at  the  then  aee  of  the  insured  for  such  plan  as  may  he  selected. 

Fifth.  A  special  reserve  shall  be  created  from  the  surplus  or  profits  upon  policies 
iasaed  under  this  plan,  which  surplus  shall  be  equitably  divided  between  sucn  holders  of 
ten-year  renewable  term  policies  aa  shall  have  completed  the  payment  of  ten  full  years* 
premium.  Such  dividend  may  then  be  applied  to  the  reduction  of  premiums  for  the 
succeeding  term  of  ten  years,  or  may  be  dravm  in  cash,  and  such  surplus  so  apportioned 
shall  be  accepted  bv  all  parties  in  interest. 

Sixth.  That  ii  the  insured  shall  die  in  consequence  of  the  excessive  use  of  intoxi- 
cating drinks,  opiates,  or  narcotics,  or  in  the  violation  of  any  law,  or  shall  be  convicted 
of  a  Felony,  or  u  default  be  made  in  the  payment  of  any  premium  hereon  when  due, 
this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine. 

Seventh.  That  if  the  insured  shall  become  an  habitual  drunkard,  or  so  addicted  to 
the  use  of  intoxicants,  opiates,  or  narcotics,  as  to  induce  delirium  tremens  or  impair 
h. . . .  health,  the  company  may  cancel  this  contract  and  terminate  the  risk,  by  returning 
to  the  payer  thereof  toe  last  installment  of  premium  paid  hereon,  less  the  cost  of  the 
inBorance  from  the  date  of  such  payment  to  the  date  of  cancellation. 

Bighth.  That  in  all  cases  where  this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine,  or  1xKX>me 
null  and  void,  or  shall  be  canceled,  all  previous  payments  made  on  or  interest  in  it  shall 
be  forfeited  to  the  company,  except  as  nereinbefore  provided. 

Kinth.  That  the  company  shall  not  take  notice  of  any  assignment  hereof  until  a 
oeitlfled  copy  of  such  assignment  shall  be  filed  with  it;  and  in  no  case  does  said  com- 
pany goarantee  the  validity  of  any  assignment. 

Endowment,  The  changes  from  the  ordinary  life  form  are  such  as 
are  necessitated  by  the  endowment  feature,  the  paid-up  clause  being 
similar  to  that  of  the  limited  payment  life. 

lafs  Bate  Endowment,  This  is  a  term  policy  for  one  year,  then 
becoming  an  endowment  in  accordance  with  its  terms.  Its  special 
features  are: 

That  durinffthe  first  year  from  the  date  hereof.  It  shall  be  a  policy  of  temporary 
inaaranoe  only  pthe  said  company  to  be  without  liability  for  reserve,  except  the  cost  of 
insurance  during  the  unexpired  portion  of  the  year  for  which  the  premium  shall  have 
been  paid;  and  that  if  the  second  year's  premium  shall  bo  paid,  the  policv  shall  then  be- 
come a  policy  of  endowment  insurance,  oy  continuous  premiums,  as  if  dated  on  the 

day  of A.D.  18. . . .,  and  the  company  shall,  beginning  with  said 

date,  and  at  age of  the  insured,  as  the  date  of  entry  of  such  a  policy,  maintain  a 

reserve  due  to  the  net  premium  for  said  age,  and  of  an  amount  adequate  with  future  net 
premiums  and  interest,  less  current  coin  of  insurance,  to  mature  the  endowment  as 
herein  provided,  at  the  date  hereinbefore  mentioned;  and  that  no  dividends  shall  be 
paid  on  this  policy  until  the  end  of  the  endoMrment  period,  when  it  shall  be  credited 
with  any  proportion  of  the  accrued  surplus  derived  from  sources  attaching  to  it,  and 
then  only  on  the  condition  that  the  full  premiums  have  been  paid  to  the  end  of  the  en- 
doivment  period. 

That  if  this  policy  shall  lapse  for  non-payment  of  any  premium,  after  the  second 
yeiir,  the  holder  shall  be  entitied  to  extended  insurance,  or  a  paid-up  policy,  as  set  forth 
in  the  table  endorsed  hereon,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  sections  fifty-nine 
hundred  and  eiffhty-three  and  fifty-nine  hundred  and  eighty-four,  revised  statutes  of 
Missouri,  except  that  under  the  extension  provision,  the  forebome  premiums  shall  not 
be  deducted  unless  the  death  shall  occur  within  the  first  three  years  of  such  extended  in- 
eninince;  provided,  that  no  such  extended  or  paid-up  policy  shall  participate  in  the 
surplus  or  profits  of  the  company. 

If  any  misrepresentation  of  any  matter  of  fact  necessaiy  tothe  determination  of  the 
acceptance  or  rejection  of  the  risk  under  this  policy  was  made  in  the  application  there- 
for, then  this  contract  shall  be  absolutely  void  and  of  no  effect;  except,  that  after  being 
in  force  three  full  years,' this  policy  shall  be  incontestable  for  any  misstatement  in  the 
application  rpnwkf^tf,  that  any  misstatement  as  to  age  may  be  corrected  by  an  adjust- 
ment of  the  premium  to  the  actual  age  of  the  insnredT 

The  Monthly  Payment  is  the  same  as  the  foregoing  except  that  pay- 
ments of  preimums  are  made  monthly. 

15  Digitized  by  Google 


POLIOT  toBMB,  LlVtt. 


The  Tufenty- Payment  Indemnity  and  lAft  Income  is  a  tweDty- 
payment  life  policy,  with  a  deferred  annuity  to  the  insured  in  addi- 
tion, the  annuity  beginning  at  the  end  of  twenty  years  and  giving 
him  an  income  for  life  in  addition  to  his  paid-up  policy.  In  case  of 
death  after  one  year  and  before  twenty,  the  face  of  the  policy  will  be 
paid  together  with  the  annuity  premiums  save  one,  with  interest  com- 
pound^ at  4  per  cent 

In  any  case  of  termination  of  premium  at  the  end  of  the  second 
year  or  afterwards,  the  contract  will  have  a  self-acting  oommutatioa— 
tliat  Ib,  the  policy-holder  will  have  nothing  to  do  to  presenre  hia 
rights  —  the  company  guaranteeing  that  the  policy  shall  remain  in 
force,  and  the  life  income  be  payable,  as  stipulated  in  the  table  stated 
on  the  back  of  the  policy,  with  whatever  surplus  may  have  beso 
earned  and  not  used  previously  by  the  policy-holder. 

The  policy-bolder  is  given  an  option  of  settlement,  if  he  applies 
within  80  days  after  the  termination  of  premium  payments,  under 
which  he  may  secure  much  larger  amount  of  paid-up  insurance  with- 
out the  life  income,  or  much  larger  income  without  the  insurance. 

This  and  all  other  policies  of  this  company  are  subject  to  the 
Missouri  non-forfeiture  law.  The  following  table  of  guaranteed  settle- 
ments on  a  $10,000  policy  taken  at  age  85,  will  letter  explain  the 
advantages  offered  by  this  form: 


g 

SSU^ACTINQ  COXXUTA- 

Ob 

Ob 

Ob 

TION  13f  OABK  OW  TiBMI* 

s 

Am*t 
Payable  at 

within  20 
yeaw. 

NATION    or  Prixium 
Patxbntb. 

Paid-up  Lift) 
Policy  with- 
out Income, 
on  Certifi- 
cate of  Gk>od 
Health. 

Life  Income 

without 
Insarance. 

GMh 
Suireo- 

•5 

i 

Paid-op 
Policy,  Pay- 
able at 

and  Life 
Income. 

der 
Yalne. 

►! 

Death. 

(1) 

(«) 

(«) 

(4) 

(6) 

(«) 

1 

$10,000 

s 

K'SS 

«i',666 

$19.70 

$1,770 

$40.66 

8 

10,709 

1,600 

40.90 

8,060 

72.80 

4 

11,085 

2,000 

63.60 

4840 

107.00 

6 

11,476 

2,600 

87.60 

6680 

144.20 

6 

11,882 

8,000 

118.80 

6,920 

184.00 

7 

18,805 

8,500 

141.80 

8,220 

2i8.60 

8 

12,744 

4,000 

171.80 

9580 

273.00 

9 

1S,90S 

4,600 

204.10 

10,840 

822.50 

10 

J^^ 

6,000 

238.80 

12,170 

376.40 

MTS 

11 

14,172 

6,500 

276.20 

18,500 

432.40 

12 

14,686 

6,000 

816.70 

14,880 

494.10 

IS 

15,221 

6,500 

860.20 

16,180 

660  80 

14 

16,778 

7,000 

407.80 

17,640 

68210 

16 

10,866 

7,600 

458.80 

18,900 

709.80 

'9,464 

16 

16,058 

8,000 

618.40 

20,770 

794.00 

17 

17,684 

8,500 

678.00 

21,670 

884.70 

18 

18,286 

9,000 

687.60 

28,070 

98290 

19 

18,911 

9.500 

707.60 

24,480 

1,088.50^ 

80 

19,615 

10,000 

788.00 

25,910 

1,906.00 

'16;8» 

Ob.  at  the  end  of  the  twentieth  year,  all  premiams  hayinjr  been  i>aid.  a  follrnaid 
policy  for  the  Ace  yalne  thereof,  and  a  caph  payment  of  an  eqoal  amonnt. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Policy  ]^orhs,  Lnrs.  d^ 

EquiTABLB  Life  Insurahob  Compast  of  Iowa;  Des  Moines. 
This  company  will,  if  desired,  issue  the  ordinary  life  policy,  but  its 
business  is  mainly  confined  to  "  Limited  Payment  Life  "  and  **  Endow- 
ment "  policies. 

LimiUd  Pavment  L\fe,  Semi-Tontine.  In  coneideration  of  the  application  for 
this  policy,  a  copy  of  which  is  attached  hereto  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  the 

payment  of dollars,  on  or  before  its  delivery,  and  of  the annual  premium 

of dollars,  at  the  company's  ofBce,  in  the  city  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  on  or  before 

the day  of in  each  year  during  the  first years  of  tlxe  continuance  of 

this  poller,  the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  company  of  Iowa  promises  to  pay,  at  its  said 

office,  to  the  executors,  administrators,  or  a88lig;ns  of ,  the  insured, 

of ,  in  the  county  of ,  and  state  of ,  the 

sum  of dollars,  on  acceptance  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  and  the 

cause  of  death  of  said  insured,  the  policy  then  being  in  full  force,  less  any  unpaid  part 
of  tibe  year's  premium,  and  other  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this 
policy. 

Tbls  policy  is  issued  subject  to  the  proYisions,  requirements,  and  benefits  stated  on 
the  second  page  hereof,  which  are  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract. 
Provisions,  BequiremmU,  and  Ben^ts  Referred  toon  the  First  Page  Here<^. 
All  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company,  in  the  c\i\  of 
Des  Homes,  Iowa,  but  may  be  paid  elsewhere,  to  agents  producing  receipts  signed  by 
the  president  or  secretanr  and  counter-signed  by  such  agenti<;  and  if  not  paid  as  herein 
required,  the  policy  shall  lapse,  and  all  premiums  paid  be  forfeited  to  the  company,  ex- 
oept  as  hereinafter  provided. 

If  premiums  for  three  or  more  full  years  of  insurance  have  been  paid  in  cash,  and 
defiEiuIt  is  made  in  the  payment  of  a  subsequent  premium,  this  policy  snail  continue  as  a 

fall-paid,  non-participating  policy,  for  as  many parts  of  the  original  sum 

insured  as  there  shall  have  been  complete  annual  premiums  paid,  except,  that  if  there 
be  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  policy,  such  indebtedness,  nn^ 
l«f«8  paid,  shall  first  be  deducted  from  the  legal  reserve  on  the  policy,  and  the  full-paid 
insoranoe  shall  be  such  sum  as  the  remainder  of  the  reserve,  used  as  a  single  premium, 
will  pnrchase  at  the  company's  regular  rates. 

Di  case  of  default  in  the  payment  of  any  premium,  this  policy  may  be  restored  to 
its  original  amount,  not  later  than  sixtv  days  after  such  default,  upon  furnishing  satis- 
factory evidence  of  good  health  and  the  payment  of  the  past  duo  premium,  with  in- 
terest. 

After  two  years  from  date,  the  only  conditions  binding  upon  the  holder  of  this 
policy  are  the  agreements  as  to  habits,  military  and  naval  service,  and  that  the  pre- 
miums shall  be  paid  as  required;  and  if  the  age  is  not  correctly  stated  in  the  applica- 
tion, the  amount  of  insurance  shall  be  adjusted  according  to  the  correct  age.  In  all 
other  reapecta,  the  payment  of  any  sum  due  under  tiiis  policy,  at  maturity,  shall  be 
indisputable. 

Ko  agent  has  power,  on  behalf  of  the  company,  to  make,  alter,  or  discharge  con- 
tracts, waive  forfeitures,  name  an  extra  rate  for  special  risks,  nor  bind  the  company  in 
any  way. 

The  company  will  not  notice  any  assignment  of  this  policy  until  the  original  or  a 
duplicate  or  a  certifled  copy  thereof  shall  Defiled  in  the  company's  home  otiicc.  The 
original  assignment  and  due  proof  of  interest  must  be  produced  when  the  policy  is  pre- 
sented for  payment. 

Ttiia  policy  is  a  contract,  made  and  to  be  performed  in  the  state  of  Iowa,  and  shall 
be  construed  according  to  the  laws  of  said  state. 

Special  Conditions. 
Optioks.    This  policy  is  issued  on  the  semi-tontine  plan,  and  the  tontine  dividend 

period  shall  be  completed  in years  from  date.    No  dividend  shall  be  allowed  or 

paid  upon  this  pollcv,  unless  the  insured  shall  survive  the  completion  of  its  tontine 
dividend  period,  and  unless  this  policy  is  then  in  full  force. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  tontine  dividend  period,  provided  this  policy  has  not 
terminated  previously  by  lapse  or  death,  the  insured  shall  have  choice  of  the 
following  options;  except  that  if  this  policy  has  been  continued  as  a  paid-up  policy,  by 
reason  or  non-payment  of  premiums,  ft  shall  not  share  in  the  surplnss  and  the  reserve 
shAll  be  fixed  according  to  the  amount  of  insurance  actually  in  force. 

iflrst.  Continue  the  policy  and  receive,  in  cash,  the  accumulated  surplus  appor- 
tioned by  the  company  to  this  policy— subseauent  dividends  to  be  paid  in  cash. 

Second.  Or  continne  the  policy  and  apply  the  surplus  to  the  purchase  of  an  an- 
noityfor  life. 

Thiid.    Or  continue  the  policy  and  take  paid-up  hisurance  for  the  amount  that  the 


ioogle 


824  Policy  Forms,  Lif8. 

flnrplDH,  Qfled  w  a  ulnglo  prpmlam,  will  then  parchafio  at  the  company's  rates,  providMl 
that,  if  the  total  inr«tirance  exceeds  the  amount  of  the  original  policy,  eatisf actor;  eti- 
(lencc  of  good  health  will  he  repaired;  provided  further.  Uiat  the  amount  of  imurxni-c 
Hhall  not  exceed  the  lar^^t  gum  then  taken  on  a  single  life,  and  that,  at  the  option  of  thr 
company,  the  total  insurance  shall  not  exceed  the  original  policy. 

Fourth.  Or  surrender  the  policy  and  take  paid-up  insoraoce  for  the  iciscjyc  tai 
surplus,  subject  to  the  conditions  in  option  3. 

Fifth-  Or  surrender  the  nolicy  and  receive,  in  cash,  the  full  reserre,  gnaranteed  not 
to  be  less  than dollars,  together  with  the  surplus. 

Sixth.  Or  surrender  the  jwlicy  and  apply  the  full  reserve,  together  with  the  sar- 
plus,  to  the  purchase  of  an  annaity  for  life. 

Written  notice  should  be  given  the  company,  at  least  sixty  days  before  the  comide- 
tion  of  the  tontine  dividend  period,  of  the  options  decided  upon,  and  unless  such  nonce 
is  received  witliin  six  monttis  thereafter  only  the  first  option  will  remain  in  force;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  option  to  surrender  the  policy  for  its  fall  cash  valne  mav  be 
exercined  at  the  end  of  any  five-year  period  after  the  completion  of  the  tontine  diviamd 
period;  and  the  right  to  exercise  this  option  shall  extend  six  months  from  the  end  of  aa; 
such  period. 

The  application  is  made  part  of  the  contract  and  contains  the  fol- 
lowing questions  to  be  answered  in  the  affirmative: 

Bo  you  agree  that  if,  within  two  years  from  the  date  hereof,  yon  shall  engage  in 
blastine,  mimng.  submarine  labor,  aeronautic  travel,  the  manufacture  or  handling  of 
explosives,  working  upon  trains  on  any  railroad  as  engineer,  fireman,  brakeman,  con- 
ductor of  rreight  train ;  or  as  lineman  putting  up  and  handling  electric  wires;  or  in 
switching  or  coupling  c^rs;  or  In  ocean  navigation;  oriu  military  or  naval  ««rvice  in 
time  of  war,  unless  lawfully  ordered  into  such  service  for  the  suppression  of  a  riot;  or 
shall  take  your  own  life,  the  policy  issued  hereon  shall  be  void? 

Do  yon  agree  that  if  yon  shall  engage  in  said  military  or  naval  service  after  tvo 

Sears  from  the  date  hereof,  without  the  written  consent  of  the  company,  and  in  caeie  of 
eath  while  so  engaged,  the  company  shall  be  liable  only  for  the  then  net  resserve  oo 
said  policy? 

Do  you  agree  that,  should  yon  indulge  in  the  use  of  narcotics,  malt,  or  spiritnoc^ 
liquors  to  sucn  extent  as  to  obviously  Impair  vonr  health,  the  company  may,  dnring 
your  lifetime,  cancel  the  policy  herein  applied  for,  upon  payment,  or  tenderiiur  In  paj- 
ment,  to  the  legal  holder,  the  then  net  reserve  thereon,  in  fnll  of  all  claims  under  it? 

A  table  of  paid-up  values  is  printed  with  the  policy.  Another 
form  has  an  "investment  period"  extending  beyond  the  tontiDe 
period.  The  face  of  the  policy  is  the  same,  except  that  it  promises 
the  face  of  the  policy  "together  with  all  paid-up  additions."  It  is 
called  the  ''investment  life  plan,"  and  has  the  following  provisions 
and  options: 

In  case  of  default  in  the  payment  of  any  premium  before  three  fnll  years'  prcmiiunf 
have  been  paid  on  this  policy,  it  may  be  restored  within  one  year  from  date  of  such  dt- 
fault,  or  in  the  event  of  its  reduction  l)y  reason  of  default  in  the  payment  of  any  pre- 
mium  after  three  years,  it  may  be  restored  to  its  original  amount  at  any  time.,  npeo 
furnishing  satisfactory  evidence  of  good  health,  and  refunding  to  the  company  anj 
indebtedness  that  may  have  been  deducted  from  the  reserve  on  the  policy  at  time  of  its 
reduction,  and  the  payment  of  all  past  due  premiums,  with  interest. 

Beginning  with  the  payment  of  the  tliim  annual  premium,  and  annually  during  tte 
continuance,  except  in  case  of  its  reduction  by  reason  of  non-payment  of  premium,  thir 
policy  shall  share  in  the  surplus,  as  apportioned  by  the  company. 

On  satisfactory  assignment  of  this  policy,  as  security,  the  company  will  loan  one- 
half  of  the  legal  rt?serve  —  except  that  no  loan  will  be  made  until  the  nolicy  shall  haw 
been  in  force  at  least  five  years;  nor  for  a  less  sum  than  twenty-five  dollars. 

Options.    This  policy  is  issued  on  the  investment  life  plan,  and  the  investment 

period  shall  be  completed  in years  from  date.    Upon  the  completion  of  the 

Investment  period,  the  policy  then  bemg  in  full  force,  tne  insured  snail  have  the 
choice  of  the  following  options;  except  thar^  if  the  policy  has  been  continued  as  a  paid- 
up  policy,  by  reason  of  non-payment  of  preniiimis,  me  reserve  shall  be  fijced  according 
to  the  amount  of  insurance  actually  in  force. 

First.  Surrender  the  policy,  and  receive,  in  cash,  the  full  reserve,  amounting  to 
t  together  with  all  paid-up  additions,  in  full  payment  of  same. 

Second.    Or  continue  the  policy  and  take  paid-up  insurance  for  the  amount  that 

ail  paid-up  additions,  used  as  a  single  premium,  will  then  purchase  at  the 

company's  rates,  provided  that,  if  the  total  insurance  exceeds  the  amount  of  the  original 


POLIOT  FOBMB,  LiFS.  825 

policy,  tatiflfactory  evidence  that  the  insarod  is  in  good  health  will  be  required;  pro- 
vided, farther,  that  the  amoont  of  Insurance  shall  not  exceed  the  largest  sum  then  taken 
on  a  single  life,  and  that,  at  the  option  of  the  company,  the  total  insurance  shall  not 
exceed  wat  of  the  original  policv. 

Third.  Or  surrender  the  policy,  and  apply  tiie  reserve— or  the  amount  of  the  re- 
serve and  all  paid-up  additions  —  to  the  purdiase  of  an  annuity  for  life. 

Fourth.  Or  continue  the  policy,  and  receive,  in  cash,  the  amount  of  all  paid-up 
additions,— subsequent  dividends  to  be  paid  in  cash. 

Fifth.  Or  continue  the  policy,  converting  all  paid-up  additions  into  an  annuity 
for  life. 

Kote.— Written  notice  should  be  given  the  company,  at  least  sixty  days  before  the 
completion  of  the  investment  period,  of  the  options  decided  upon;  and  unless  such 
notice  is  received  within  six  months  thereafter,  the  fourth  option  only  will  remain  in 
force;  provided,  however,  that  the  option  to  surrender  the  policy  for  its  full  cash 
value  may  be  exercised  at  the  end  of  any  five-year  period  after  the  completion  of  the 
investment  period,  and  the  right  to  exercise  Uiis  option  shall  extend  for  six  months 
from  the  end  of  each  of  such  periods. 

The  policy  baa  a  table  sbowing  the  amount  that  will  be  loaned 
upon  it  at  any  time. 

Endowment  Policy,  This  is  in  all  respects  a  counterpart  of  the  last, 
except  in  the  endowment  feature. 

Equitable  Life  Absttbanob  Socibtt  of  the  U.  S.  The  principal 
policy  issued  by  the  Equitable  is  the  "  New  Free  Tontine,"  which  in 
its  varieties  partakes  of  the  character  of  ordinary  life,  term,  and  en- 
dowment policies.    The  forfb  is  as  follows : 

Free  Tontine  Policy.  The  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  of  the  United  States,  in 
consideration  of  the  written  and  printed  application  for  this  policy,  which  is  hereby  made 

a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  payment  in  advance  of dollars  and cents, 

and  of  the payment  of dollars  and cents,  to  be  made  thereafter  at 

the  ofllce  of  the  society  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  or  before  the day  of in 

every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract ;  does  promise  to  pay  to exec- 
utors, adboiinistrators,  or  assigns,  at  the  office  of  the  society  in  the  city  of  New  York 

dollars,  upon  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of  said of in  the  county  of 

state  of 

This  is  all  there  is  of  the  policy,  except  that  it  may  be  settled  (in  ac- 
cordance with  the  list  of  privileges  on  the  back,  which  correspond  with 
the  application),  at  the  end  of  the  tontine  period  by  a  surrender  of  the 
policy  for  the  reserve  and  surplus  in  cash,  or  paid-up  insurance  or  an 
annuity,  or  may  be  continued  as  a  premium-paying  policy  and  the  sur- 
plus withdrawn  in  cash  or  used  to  purchase  paid-up  insurance  or  an 
annuity.  Another  edition,  exactly  the  same  except  that  the  premiums 
are  limited  to  a  specified  number  of  years,  corresponds  to  the  limited 
payment  life  policies  of  other  companies.  Still  another  form  is  an  en- 
dowment, and  is  payable  in  cash  at  the  end  of  the  tontine  period.  On 
both  the  latter  forms  the  paid-up  policy  to  be  given  after  tnree  vears  is 
m2A.epTP  rata.  The  conditions  which  are  a  part  of  the  application  and 
policy  are : 

After  one  year  from  the  date  of  issue,  the  only  conditions  which  shall  be  binding  upon 
the  holder  of  the  policy  are  that  he  shall  duly  pay  the  premiums  and  observe  the  regula- 
tions of  the  society  as  to  age  and  service  In  war.  In  all  other  respects,  if  the  policy  ma- 
tures after  ^the  expiration  of  the  Miid  one  year  (and  providing  the  n>Htrictions  as  to  travel, 
rcsidenat,  and  occupation  during  the  said  year  nave  not  been  violated),  the  policy  shall  be 
indbiputable. 

It  premiums  upon  the  policy,  for  not  less  than  three  complete  years  of  assurance, 
shall  have  been  duly  received  by  the  society,  and  the  policy  shall  thereafter  lapse  or  be- 
e*>me  forfeited  for  tne  non-paynieut  of  any  preininni,  a  non-pnrtlcipniing  paid-up  policy 
will  be  issued  on  demand  made  within  hIx  months  after  such  lapse  with  surrender  of  the 
policy,  for  the  entire  amount  which  the  full  reserve  on  the  policy,  according  to  the  preM- 
ent  legal  standard  of  the  state  of  New  York,  will  then  purchase  as  a  si ncrle premium,  cal- 
calatra  by  the  r^ular  table  for  single  premium  policies,  now  piiblishea  by  the  society  ;  . 


896  Policy  Forms,  Lifb. 

otberwt«e  the  policy  oha]!  cease  and  determine  and  all  premtums  paid  shall  forfeit  to  tbe 
Bociety.  In  conBideration  of  tbe  pri>ilege  an  to  paid-up  assurance,  it  Is  ondeniood  and 
asreea  that,  all  riehts  or  claim  to  temporary  assurance  or  any  other  surrender  Tsloe  than 
that  pro>idod  In  the  said  privilege,  is  hereby  spedflcaliy  waived  and  reUnqaistied,  !-•-  — ^  — 
required  by  the  statute  of  any  Ptate  or  not. 

After  one  year  from  the  date  of  issue  of  the  policy  there  are  no  restrictions  i 
travel,  residence,  or  occupation,  except  that  military  serrico  in  time  of  war  is  forbid- 
den unless  a  permit  has  been  previously  obtained.  In  case  of  death  from  scrrioe  in  war 
without  such  permit  the  net  reserve  of  the  policy  (computed  according  to  the  American 
experience  table  of  mortality,  taking  interest  at  four  per  centum  per  airaam)  will  be 
paid.  For  one  year  after  the  date  orissue  of  the  policv.  travel  and  residence  in  Mexico 
and  the  Torrid  Zone,  and  engagement  in  any  of  the  rollowing  occupations  or  employ- 
ments—blasting, mining,  submarine  labor,  aeronautic  ascensions,  the  manDfactore, 
handling,  or  tranHportation  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  sorrice  apon  railroad 
train,  or  in  switching,  or  in  coupling  cars,  or  on  any  steamboat,  or  other  vessel  or  boat, 
will  render  the  policy  void  ;  self-destruction,  sane  or  insane,  and  death  in  consequence 
of  violation  or  attempted  violation  of  law,  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  isanance 
of  the  policy,  are  not  risks  assumed  by  the  society  in  this  contract. 

Although  all  premiums  are  due  in  the  city  of  New  York,  payments  may  be  made  at 
other  places  on  or  btifore  the  due  dates  to  persons  authorized  to  receive  the  same  on  iht 

Eroduction  of  the  society's  receipt  therefor,  signed  by  its  secretary,  and  conntersigDed 
y  the  authorized  person  to  whom  the  payment  is  made.  Altliongb  the  contract  Sa  based 
on  the  receipt  of  premiums  annually  iii'advance,  the  premium  may  be  made  payable  In 
semi-annual  or  quarterly  Installments,  but  in  such  case  that  part  of  the  full  year'^  pre- 
mium,  if  any,  which  remains  unpaid  at  the  maturity  of  this  contract  siiall  be  dodncced 
from  the  amount  of  the  claim. 

Proof  of  age  of  the  \ieTBon  upon  whose  death  the  policv  matures  is  required  when 
the  policy  becomes  due,  but  the  age  will  be  admitted  in  advance  by  the  society  on  doe 
proof,  and  after  being  thus  admitted  no  deduction  shall  be  made  to  adjust  the  amoont  of 
assurance  which  at  the  correct  aee  would  have  been  purchasable  with  thepoaninm  paid. 
At  the  end  of  the  tontine  period,  if  the  person  proposed  for  assurance  be  then  living, 
and  the  policy  in  force,  the  policy  shall  participate  in  the  accumulated  surplus  derived 
from  policies  on  the  free  tontine  plan,  both  existing  and  discontinued,  as  may  then  be 
apportioned  by  the  society. 

This  society  also  issues  a  series  of  bonds,  with  the  same  priTileges 
stated  above,  as  far  as  they  are  applicable.  The  forms  of  these  bonds 
were  copyrighted  by  the  society  in  1890,  when  the^  were  first  issued. 
There  is  a  twenty-year  endowment  bond,  which  promises  to  pay  the  face 
of  the  bond  with  the  surplus  apportioned  in  twenty  years,  or  at  prior 
death,  payments  to  be  made  in  twenty  annual  subscriptions;  or  in  lieu 
of  payment  in  twenty  years  to  pay  the  surplus  in  cash  and  defer  the 
payment  of  the  bond  until  the  death  of  the  holder,  payin?  five  per  cent. 
annually  on  its  face,  as  interest;  or  to  convert  the  surplus  into  an  an- 
nuity for  life  to  increase  the  income  on  the  bond,  or  to  convert  both 
the  bond  and  surplus  into  an  annuity. 

Fifteen-year  endowment  bond  is  identical  with  above,  except  that  the 
bond  matures  in  fifteen  years  and  payments  are  for  fifteen  yean. 

Twenty-year  endowment  bond  same  as  above,  may  be  extended  for  ten 
years,  during  which  five  per  cent,  interest  will  be  paid  on  the  sum  of 
the  annual  premiums  paid.  Also  &  fifteen-year  endowment  bond,  same 
terms  as  the  above. 

Twenty-year  indemnity  bonds.  These  are  sold  at  an  annual  subscrip- 
tion of  fifty  dollars,  and  are  good  for  one  thousand  dollars  in  twenty 
years  or  at  prior  death. 

On  the  maturity  of  this  Iwnd,  its  paynunt  may  be  deferred  during  the  pleasure  of  the 
beneficiary,  and  the  society  will  gunrantee  interest  annually  thereon  at  the  rate  prescribed 
by  the  laws  of  tlj^;  state  o*f  New  York  as  the  standard  of  computation  for  the  roeervejiof 
life  assurimce  companies ;  provided  that  when  the  payment  of  the  bond  is  demanded  it 
shfUl  be  at  a  date  upon  which  interest  falls  due.  And  the  surplus  apportioned  at  nu- 
turity  may  be  drawn  in  cash,  or  may  be  added  to  the  bond  and  bear  interest  therewith. 

(Should  the  person  whose  life  is  assured  die  before  the  maturity  of  the  bond,  and 


Policy  Forms,  Life.  827 

while  the  same  is  in  force,  the  principal  snm  will  be  paid  in  cash  or  may  be  extended  at 
interest  as  above.) 

Or,  the  pajrment  of  the  bond  at  matarity  may  be  deferred  until  the  death  of  the  per- 
son whose  Hfe  is  assured,  in  which  case  the  society  will  goarantee  an  annual  income 
thereon  for  life,  which  shall  be  equal  to  four  per  cent,  on  the  principal  of  the  bond ; 
and'the  surplus  apportioned  in  addition  to  this  guaranteed  income  shall  oe  drawn  In  cash. 

FifUen-yecvr  indemnity  bonds.  These  are  payable  in  ten  annual  in- 
Rtallments,  are  payable.in  fifteen  years  or  at  prior  death,  with  same  ex- 
tension clauses  and  interest  guaranteed,  and  may  be  surrendered  after 
three  annual  installments  are  paid  for  a  paid-up  bond  for  as  many 
tenths  of  the  original  sum  as  there  have  been  paid  installments  The 
twenty-year  bond  may  be  surrendered  for  twentieths. 

With  the  close  of  the  year  1892,  the  society  announced  a  tontine  in- 
stallment policy,  which  differs  from  the  other  forms,  in  bein^  payable 
in  20,  25,  or  80  equal  annual  installments.  The  declaration  in  the  ap- 
plication reads : 

I  have  carefally  read  the  provisions  embodied  in  the  '*  privileges  *^  printed  on 
other  side  of  this  sheet,  and  hereby  apply  for  a  policy  containing  said  provisions,  and  I 
herebv  agree  that  the  application  and  the  policy  hereby  applied  for.  taken  together,  shall 
constitute  the  entire  contract  between  the  parties  hereto  ;  that  all  the  foregoing  state- 
ments and  answers,  as  well  as  those  made  or  to  be  made  to  the  society's  medical  ex- 
aminer, are  warranted  to  be  true ;  that  this  contract  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first 
premium  shall  have  been  paid  during  mv  good  health,  and  that  the  distribution  of  sur- 
plus which  may  be  adopted  and  approved  bv  the  society  is  hereby  accepted  by  me  In  my 
own  behalf,  and  for  every  person  who  shall  have  any  mterest  in  the  policy  now  applied 
for. 

Fidelity  Mutual  Life  Association  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  This 
association  issues  "life,"  "term,"  and  "optional  limited  payment" 
policies. 

I^e  Policy.  The  Fidelity  Mutual  Life  Association,  in  consideration  of  the  applica- 
tion for  this  policy,  which  is  made  a  part  hereof,  and  a  copy  of  which  is  hereto  at- 
tached, and  the  payment  to  said  association  of dollars  upon  the 

day  of  the  month  of in  eveiy  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract, 

does  hereby  receive of county  of state  of , 

a«  a  member  of  said  association,  and  issues  this  policy  of  insurance,  and  herebv  promisee 

to  pay  the  sum  of to or.  m  the  event  of  h prior  death,  to 

or,  if  the  member  survive  the  aforesaid  beneficiaries,  to  his  legal  representatives, 

within  ninety  days  after  the  acceptance  of  due  and  satisfactory  proof  at  its  office  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  of  the  death  of  the  above-named  member,  and  of  the  just  and  law- 
f  01  claim,  both  as  to  the  rights  and  interest  of  the  beneficiary  hereunder,  as'well  as  to  the 
justness  of  the  claim  under  this  contract,  upon  presentation  and  surrender  of  this  policy, 
properly  receipted,  less  the  balance  of  the  dues  for  the  current  year  of  the  death  of  the 
insured,  and  any  indebtedness  of  the  member  or  beneficiary  to  said  association,  subject, 
however,  to  all  the  requirements  hereinafter  stated,  and  the  conditions  hereon  endorsed, 
wliich  are  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  material  part  of  this  contract. 

Provided^  any  moneys  required  to  be  paid  unaer  this  policy,  during  the  continuance 
of  this  contract,  must  be  actually  paid  when  due  to  the  said  association,  and  no  dues  or 
premiums  on  this  policy  shall  be  considered  paid,  unless  a  receipt  shall  be  given  there- 
for, signed  by  the  presiaent  and  treasurer,  and  countersigned  by  the  agent  or  person  to 
whom  payment  is  made,  as  evidence  of  such  payment  to  him ;  otherwise,  this  policy 
shall  be  ipsofaeto  null  and  void,  and  all  moneys  paid  hereon  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  said 
association.  A  premium  other  than  the  above-named  will  be  accepted  according  to  the 
association's  table  of  rates,  and  the  same  will  continue  this  policy  in  force  for  such  time 
aa  may  be  mentioned  in  the  receipt  for  such  payment,  which  must  be  signed  as  aforesaid. 

It  is  agreed,  that  if  this  policy  be  legally  surrendered  on  the dav  of — 

in  the  vear t)eing  the  end  of  probable  life,  said  member  sliall  receive 

as  a  cash  disability  benefit,  an  equi&ble  proportion  of  the  equation  fund  (estimated  ac- 
cording to  the  tabulated  experience  of  American  oflices  to  amount  to  $ ), 

in  which  event,  the  beneficiary  hereunder  shall  have  no  claim  whatever  upon  the  said  as- 
sociation, but  if  not  so  Burrenaered.  such  proportion  of  the  equation  fund  shall  Uiereaf  ter 
be  applied  to  the  payment  of  the  insurance  afforded  under  this  policy  according  to  the 
then  ace  of  the  member  and  the  legal  standard  of  Pennsylvania. 

Aner  three  years  from  the  date  aereof ,  if  the  payments  required  hereunder  have  beenj 

-'^—-^ )gLe 


838  POLIOT  FOBMS»  LlTB. 

made,  this  policy  shall  in  the  event  of  the  death  of  the  member  be  incontestable  for  the 
sum  payable  herennder  except  for  fraud. 

PHviUffttand  OondUIOM Rtferrtd to inihUPMcy. 

1.  The  within-named  member,  npon  the  written  approval  of  the  president,  may 
change  the  beneficiary  herein  named,  or  aaaign  this  policy. 

%.  The  member  ahaU  give  prompt  noaoe  to  the  treaaarer  of  the  aaBodatioD  of 
any  chance  of  residence  or  poet-oiBoe  addrces.  The  association  shall  not  be  liable  for 
any  loss  mat  may  be  sostalned  by  reason  of  failure  or  neglect  to  give  such  notice.  No- 
tice of  each  and  every  payment  due  or  to  become  due  heieon  at  the  date  named  in  the 
within  policy  is  given  and  accepted  by  the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  asd 
any  further  notice  required  by  any  statute  is  hereby  expressly  waived. 

8.  In  case  of  lapse  or  forfeiture  of  this  policy,  it  may  oe  reinstated,  upon  the  ap- 
proval of  the  president  and  medical  director,  provfdod  the  lapsed  member  fnmish  satis- 
factory evidence  of  good  health. 

4.  No  suit  or  action  hereon  shall  be  begnn  or  maintained  after  the  expiration  of  one 
year  from  the  day  of  death  of  the  member  without  reference  to  the  time  of  furnishing 
the  proofs  of  death,  and  such  lapse  of  time  shall  be  a  conclusive  bar  to  any  reooverjr 
hereon,  any  statute  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

6.  No  agent  of  the  association  has  any  power  or  authority  to  make,  alter,  or  dis- 
charge contracts,  waive  forfeitures,  or  grant  credit,  and  no  forfeiture  hereunder  shall  be 
waived,  unless  such  alteration  or  waiver  be  in  writing,  and  be  signed  by  the  president  of 
the  association. 

6.  If  any  statement  contained  in  the  application  on  which  this  policy  is  issued  be 
untrue  in  any  respect,  then  this  policy,  except  as  herein  provided,  shan  be  iptofado  unli 
and  void. 

7.  The  premium  pavable  here  under  the  first  policy  year,  lees  the  actnal  mortality 
cost,  and  any  saving  in  tne  contributions  to  the  mortality  fund,  as  specified  in  the  body 
of  this  policy,  during  the  next  four  years,  shall  belong  to  the  general  fund  of  the  associa- 
tion, and  thereafter  such  savins,  if  any.  shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the  member,  and 
any  deficiency  in  the  mortality  fund  shall  be  made  good  out  of  the  equation  fond,  which 
shall  be  deemed  and  regarded  as  a  surplus  of  the  association.  If  a  deficiency  shall  at 
any  time  occur  in  the  equation  fund,  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  equalize  the  increasing; 
mortality  cost  due  to  advancing  age,  or  if  the  proportion  of  such  fund  properly  bekmEiuK 
to  this  policy  shall  at  any  time  not  equal  the  difference  between  the  present  worth  of  the 
future  payments  and  sum  insured,  according  to  the  tabulated  insurance  experience  of  the 
past  computed  at  4  per  cent,  per  annum,  tnen  the  member  shall  be  liable  for  the  de- 


ficiency. Such  deficiency  shall  be  made  good  by  the  payment  by  every  member  of  the 
association  of  his  pro  rata  share  of  the  same,  as  provided  in  its  bv-Uws,  within  thirty 
days  from  the  date  of  notice  of  same ;  or,  witii  the  consent  of  tiie  oirectors,  the  amount 


Uiereof,  together  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  anoum,  may  be  charged 
against  the  member's  policy  and  deducted  therefrom  when  it  becomes  a  claim.  It  i» 
understood  that  the  said  uesociatlon  is  pnrely  mutual,  is  not  required  by  law  to  Talue  its 
policies  or  maintain  a  legal  reserve,  but  grants  the  insurance  on  the  flexible-premium 
plan. 

8.  On  account  of  the  low  premium  at  which  this  policy  is  issued,  it  is  understood 
that  if  the  member,  within  five  years  from  the  date  hereof,  die  by  his  own  hand,  whether 
sane  or  insane,  or  in  consequence  of  a  duel,  or  at  the  hands  of  Justice,  this  policy  shall 
he  void,  except  as  to  the  payments  made  hereon  with  interest  If  the  said  member  shall 
reside  or  remain  at  any  time  in  any  city,  town,  or  district,  after  yellow  fever,  or  anr 
other  contagious  or  infectious  disease  has  been  officially  declared  epidemic  in  sach  dty. 
town,  or  district,  or  shall  engage  in  any  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war,  and 
death  shall  ensue  from  such  contagious  or  infectious  disease,  or  while  ensaged  in  such 
service,  or  from  the  effects  of  either,  or  shall  reside  or  travel  south  of  the  Tropic  of  Can- 
cer, or  engage  in  any  occupation  or  employment  more  hazardous  than  that  mentioned 
in  the  application,  without  first  obtaining  the  written  consent  of  the  president,  then  tlie 
beneficiary  shall  only  receive  from  the  amociation  such  a  sum  in  payment  of  tois  policj 
as  the  board  of  directors  may  determine :  provided^  however^  that  such  sum  shall  not  be 
less  than  75  per  cent,  of  the  face  value  of  the  within  policy.  It  is  understood,  however, 
that  if  the  member  shall  habitaally  use  narcotics,  or  alcoholic,  or  other  stimulants,  or 
shall  practice  any  habit  that  tends  to  shorten  life,  whether  it  be  the  remote  or  proximate 
cause  of  death,  then  the  association  shall  only  pay  a  sum  equal  to  the  amount  paid  by 
the  member  to  the  association  with  interest  in  full  payment  of  this  policy. 

9.  After  seven  years,  and  while  still  in  force,  this  policy.  If  legally  sarrendered,  may 
be  exchanged  for  a  commuted  policy,  payable  at  death  out  of  the  equation  fund,  for  eocli 
a  sum  as  80  per  cent,  of  the  member's  unexpended  payments  to  stud  fund,  on  the  basi$ 
of  the  actuaries'  or  combined  experience  table  of  mortality,  and  interest  at  4  per  cent, 
will  purchase  \  provided  always,  that  all  death  losses  that  have  opcuired  under  original 
policies  shall  first  be  paid  or  preferred. 


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Policy  Forms,  Life.  329 

10.  The  delivery  of  this  policy  ehall  not  he  actoal  and  hindlne  nnlese  a  receipt  for 
the  payment,  in  cash  or  its  equivalent,  of  the  first  premium,  signed  oy  the  president  and 
treaanrer,  and  counterslened  hy  the  acent  or  person  to  whom  payment  is  ijMule  as  evi- 
dence of  such  payment,  be  delivered  with  and  accompany  the  policy  within  IB  days  from  • 
the  date  hereof,  and  daring  the  lifetime  and  good  health  of  the  person  on  whose  life  it  is 
issued. 

Term  Policy.  Provides  for  renewal  at  expiration  of  term  by  the 
payment  of  premiums  based  on  the  actuaries'  table  at  4  per  cent.,  plus 
four  dollars  yearly  per  thousand  for  expenses.    It  also  provides : 

That  if  the  membership  hereunder  and  this  policy  shall  terminate  at  the  expiration 

of years  from  tne  date  hereof,  then,  and  in  such  event,  anv  part  of  the  money 

contributed  to  the  mortality  and  equation  fimds,  as  aforesaid,  by  said  member,  that  shall 
not  have  been  expended  in  the  payment  of  death  losses,  shall  be  applied  to  purchasing 
insaranoe  on  the  oasis  of  the  actuaries'  or  combined  experience  taole  of  mortality  and 
interest  at  4  per  cent,  per  annum  ;  but  if  this  policy  shall  be  renewed  or  continued  in 
force  at  the  expiration  of  said  time,  which  may  be  done  without  a  medical  examination, 
by  the  payment  of  the  renewal  premiums  as  EMreinbefore  provided,  the  member  shall, 
thereafter,  during  the  time  for  which  this  poller  may  be  renewed  or  continued,  receive 
each  a  life  annuity  dividend,  based  on  the  actuaries'  or  combined  experience  table  of 
mortality,  and  interest  at  4  per  cent,  per  annum,  as  the  accumulations  on  this  policy  will 
Afford. 

Optional,  Limited  Payment,  This  is  a  limited  payment  policy  with 
the  following  options : 

That  after  this  policy  has  been  In  force  three  years  from  its  date,  and  it  is  legallv 
sorrendered  at  any  anniversary  of  the  date  of  its  issue,  the  advance  insurance  fund,  with 
its  accredited  Bhxae  of  interest  accumulations,  subject  to  the  laws  of  the  state  in  which 
the  member  resides,  may  be  withdrawn  by  the  member,  or  it  fhay  be  exchanged  for  a  ])aid 
policy,  that  shall  represent  the  proportion  of  the  amount  of  this  policy  which  the  num- 
ber of  full  years'  premiums  paid  Dears  to  the  total  number  required ;  or  may  be  ex- 
changed for  extended  insurance.  Such  paid  policy,  extended  Insurance,  or  this  policy, 
after  the  number  of  payments  required  hereunder  has  boenjmade,  shall,  subject  to  the 
conditions  endorsed  hereon,  be  maintained  from  the  advance  insurance  fund. 

The  application  contains  the  following  agreements,  which  are  made 
part  of  the  contract : 

I  hereby  agree  and  bind  mysielf  as  follows  :  That  the  truthfulness  of  the  statements 
above  made  or  contained,  by  whomsoever  written,  are  material  to  the  risk,  and  are  the 
sole  basis  of  the  contract  with  the  said  association ;  that  I  have  signed  this  application 
in  my  own  proper  handwriting ;  that  all  provisions  of  law  forbidding  any  physician  who 
has  or  shall  have  attended  me  from  disclosing  any  and  all  information  which  he  acquired 
by  such  attendance,  together  with  any  such  provisions  affecting  the  uses  which  shall  be 
made  of  this  application,  or  any  part  hereof,  and  all  provisions  of  law  in  conflict  with  or 
varying  the  terms  of  this  agreement  and  policy  applied  for,  are  hereby  expressly  waived  ; 
that  the  policy  issued  hereon  shall  not  become  binding  on  the  association  until  the  first 
payment  due  thereon  has  been  actually  received  by  the  association  or  its  authorized 
fluent  during  my  lifetime  and  good  health ;  that  no  verbal  statement  to  whomsoever 
mode,  shall  modify  this  contract,  or  in  any  manner  affect  the  rights  of  the  association, 
unless  the  same  be  reduced  to  writing,  and  be  presented  to  and  approved  by  the  officers 
of  the  association  at  the  Dome  office  in  Philadelphia,  no  agent  or  examiner  having  any 
power  or  authority  to  make  or  alter  contracts,  waive  forfeitures,  or  grant  credit ;  that  the 
proofs  of  death  required  shall  be  made  upon  blank  forms  fumish^^  by  the  association, 
and  shall  include  all  information  required  thereby  ;  that  I  will  not,  without  the  written 
consent  of  the  president,  engage  in  any  occupation  or  employment  more  hazardous 
than  that  above  rasntioned  ;  and  that  if  any  concealment,  or  untrue  statement,  or  answer, 
be  made  or  contained  herein,  then  the  policy  of  insurance  issued  hereon  and  this  con- 
tract shall  be  ipso  facto  null  and  void  ;  provided  always^  that  if  the  necessary  payments 
be  made  to  keep  said  policy  in  force,  it  snail  in  the  event  of  my  death  be  incontestable  for 
the  sum  payable  thereimder  after  three  years  except  as  therein  set  forth. 

Gbrmania  Life  Insurance  Company.  This  company's  whole 
life  policy  is  called  a  "  dividend  tontine  whole  life  policy,"  and  reads: 

The  Germania  Life  insurance  company  of  the  city  of  New  York,  in  consideration 
of  the  representations  made  to  them  in  the  application  for  this  policy,  and  of  the 

payment  to  them  of  the  premium  of dollars  and cents,  and  of 

the  payment,  upon  the  receipt  of  the  secretary  of  the  company,  of  a  like  amount  on 

15*  .,,,_., )gle 


Policy  Formb,  Lifb. 


or  before  noon  of  the day  of in  every  yew  daring  the  contin- 
uance of^^ii  policy,  nntil  and  incladins  the do  hereby  promtoe  and  agree  lo 

pay,  at  tmk  office  in  the  city  of  New  York,  the  0am  of dollars,  upon  dne 


state  of to execntors,  administrators,  or  awigns  (and  npon  due 

proof  of  the  int«>reKt  of  the  claimant  in  this  policy,  if  ibe  same  ahall  be  at  the  time  held 
by  an  asslsnee  or  as  security)  to 

It  is  also  af^reed  that  if  this  policy  shall,  after  three  or  more  whole  years^  preratmnf 
shall  have  been  paid,  become  void  by  non-payment  of  premiom,  the  companv  will,  on 
due  surn>iuler  of  this  policy  and  all  additions  thereto,  if  such  surrender  snail  be  made 
within  six  months  after  this  policy  shall  thus  have  become  \-oid,  Isaae  a  non-partici- 
iNiting  policy  of  paid-up  insurance,  payable  at  the  same  time  and  under  the  same  con- 
ditions as  this  policy,  for  as  many  tenths,  fifteenths,  twenrieths  of  the  amount  of  this 
policy  as  there  shall  have  been  whole  years'  premiums  paid. 

This  policy  is  issued,  and  the  same  is  accepted  by  the  said  aesorod.  npon  the  ex- 
press conditions  and  asrceraents  printed  on  the  back  hereof,  which  are-hereoy  refoied 
to  and  made  part  hereof. 

CondHUm*  and  ^^rttmMfU*  qf  tMs  Inturance. 

This  policy  shall  cease,  and  be  null,  void,  and  of  no  effect,  and  the  company  shall 
not  be  liable  for  the  payment  of  the  sum  assured,  or  any  part  thereof,  bot  all  pranion» 
previously  paid  shall  be  the  absolute  property  of  the  company,  withont  any  account 
whatever  to  be  rendered  therefor,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  policy. 

Permanent  Conditions.  — Ist.  Payment  qf  Fremiunu.  If  the  premiam  men- 
tioned within,  or  any  of  them,  shall  not  be  paid  on  or  before  noon  of  tne  Berenil  da}-8 
stipulated  for  the  payment  thereof  respectively,  or  within  three  days  thereof  respect- 
ively: 

2d,  S&rvice  in  War.  If  the  aMured  shall  enter  into  any  service  in  war,  but  In 
case  of  death  in,  or  in  consequence  of,  such  service  after  tnree  or  more  full  yean' 
premiums  shall  have  been  paid,  the  net  reserve  of  this  policy  computed  accordins  to 
the  actuaries'  table  of  mortality,  with  interest  at  four  per  centimn  per  annum)  will  be 
paid; 

Temporary  Conditions.  —  8d.  TYavsl  and  Hetidenee.  If  within  one  year  from 
the  date  hereof  the  said  assured  shall  visit,  between  the  first  day  of  July  and  the  fln»t 
day  of  November,  those  iiarts  of  the  United  States  which  lie  south  of  Virginia,  Kentucky, 
Missouri,  or  Kansas;  or  pass  beyond  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  excepting  into  the 
territory  lying  in  America  north  of  the  United  States:  or  enter  npon  a  voyage  npon  the 
high  seas,  except  coastwise,  within  the  same  latitudes  and  between  the  aame  days  of  the 
year,  within  and  between  which  the  said  assured  is  at  liberty  to  be  or  reside  by  tlie 
terms  of  this  policy:  but  permission  is  hereby  given  to  the  said  assured  to  travel  at  any 
time  Ijetween  those  ports  of  the  United  States  in  which  he  or  she  is  at  liberty  to  be  by 
the  terms  of  this  policy,  and  the  ports  of  Europe,  and  to  travel  and  reside  in  Europe: 

4th.  Occupation.  If  within  one  year  from  the  date  hereof  the  said  assured  shall 
enter  upon  service  on  any  sea,  sound,  inlet,  river,  lake,  or  railroad,  as  a  mariner,  enrin- 
eer,  fireman,  conductor,  or  laborer,  in  any  capacity:  or  in  the  manufacture,  handhng, 
or  transportation  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  In  submarine  operations  or 
mining; 

6th.  Suicide.  If  within  one  year  from  the  date  hereof  the  said  assured  shall  die 
by  suicide,  or  by  his  or  her  own  hand,  or  in  consequence  of  an  attempt  to  commit 
suicide,  or  to  taiie  his  or  her  own  life,  whether  sane  or  insane  at  the  time. 

Agrbemknth.  It  is  agreed  that  this  contract  shall  become  valid  only  by  deli^-eiy 
of  this  |x)licy,  and  upon  payment  of  the  first  premium  due,  daring  the  continued  good 
health  of  the  said  assured. 

It  is  also  agreed  that  this  policy,  together  with  all  other  dividend  tontine  polldets 
the  dividend  tontine  period  of  which  terminates  in  the  same  calendar  year,  ehall  form 
a  special  dividend  class,  and  that  the  person  ui>on  whose  life  insurance  is  tA&i  shall, 

if  living  at  noon  of  the day  of nineteen  hundred  and 

and  if  this  i)olicy  be  then  in  force  for  its  full  amount,  be  entitled  to  one  of  the  six 
benefits  following: 

First.  — To  continue  the  policy  and  receive  the  dividend  then  apportioned  by  the 
company,  either, 

Ist.    In  cash;  or 

Sd.    In  an  annuity;  or 

3d.    In  additional  insorauce,  conditioned  upon  satisfactory  re-examination. 

Skcond.  -  -  To  exchange  the  policy  for  its  entire  value,  consisting  of  the  guaranteed 
reserve  of dollars,  and  the  dividend  then  apportioned  by  the  company,  either. 

Utk.    In  cash;  or 

r>th.    In  an  annuity;  or 

6th.  In  a  paid-up  policy,  conditioned  upon  satisfactory  re-cxamlnatlon  in  case  tlie 
amount  of  the  said  paid-up  policy  exceed  the  amount  assured  by  this  poli^:  ^ 


PoLiOT  FoBHs,  Lim.  8dl 

Bond  Polieia.  These  policies  may  be  made  payable  either :  after 
10,  15,  or  more  years  (or  at  previous  death);  or,  at  the  time  to  which 
the  assured  life  is  by  the  company's  table  of  mortality  expected  to  liye, 
or  at  previous  death. 

JSipeetaUon  BoTid  PoHeies,  The  premiums  for  bond  policies  are 
payable  during  the  continuance  of  the  policies  in  force;  or,  bond  poli- 
cies running  15,  20,  35,  or  80  years  may  be  made  payable  for  10  years 
only.  The  premiums  for  expectation  bond  policies  maj  be  made 
payable  during  one-half  only  of  the  period  for  which  the  insurance  is 
written. 

Duplex  Band  PoUeies.  In  this  case  the  assured  has,  after  the  lapse 
of  such  first  half  of  the  period,  the  option  either:  to  continue  the 
policy  in  force  without  paying  premiums,  but  remaining  entitled  to 
dividends;  or,  to  surrender  the  policy  for  the  full  reserve. 

All  WhUe  Life  and  BoTid  PoUeUe  except  Duplex  Bond  Biflieiee,  are 
issued  with  the  10,  15.  or  20  years'  Dividend  Tontine  Clauee,  t.  «.,  a 
provision  that  the  dividends  shall  be  distributed  at  the  option  of  the 
policy-holders  after  10,  15,  or  20  years,  and  quinquennially  thereafter. 

In  the  case  of  Duplex  Bond  PoUciee  the  Dividend  Tontine  Period 
is  the  same  as  the  Premium-Paying  Period,  and  dividends  are  distrib- 
uted auinquennially  thereafter. 

All  policies  with  the  Dividend  Tontine  Clause,  on  the  Whole  Life, 
Bond,  or  Duplex  Bond  Plan,  may  be  issued  with  the  Return  Premium 
feature. 

Dieidend  Tontine  Betum  Premium  PoUey.  Such  ' '  Return  Premium 
Policies"  embody  all  the  privileges  and  benefits  of  the  company's 
Dividend  Tontine  Policies,  with  this  addition,  that  a  return  of  all 
premiums  received  by  the  companv  will  be  made,  together  with  the 
payment  of  the  amount  assured,  if  death  occur  within  the  Dividend 
Tontine  Period. 

AeeoTwmodcUion  Pfliciee.  These  policies  are  term  policies  for  the 
first  ten  years  of  insurance.  They  become  payable  bv  the  death  of  the 
life  insured  within  these  ten  years.  In  case  of  survival  to  the  end  of 
that  term,  the  insured  may  continue  the  policy  without  re-examination 
upon  the  Bond  Plan  (No.  2)  for  another  ten  years  upon  reduced 
premiums. 

Every  policy — except  Accommodation  Policies  — the  legal  owner- 
ship of  which  is  not  in  question,  and  which  is  entitled  to  a  surrender 
value  in  cash  of  not  less  than  $100.  may  be  used  as  collateral  security 
to  procure  a  loan  from  the  company  of  an  amount  not  exceeding  such 
surrender  value.  These  loans  are  made  bv  the  company  at  the  legal 
rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  the  interest  being  collected  semi-annually. 

The  application  contains  the  following  warranty: 

It  U  herein/  declared  and  agreed,  that  all  the  statements  and  answers  to  the  printed 
qiieptions  written  above,  which,  toeether  with  this  Declaration  of  AKreement,  constitute 
an  application  to  the  Germaniii  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York,  for  an  insorance 

of dollars  upon  the  life  of are  offered  to  the  said  company  as  a 

contiideration  of  the  contract  applied  for;  each  of  which  statements  and  answers, 
whether  written  by  his  or  her  own  hand  or  not,  every  person  whose  name  is  hereto  sub- 
srribed  adopts  as  his  or  her  own,  admits  to  be  material,  and  warrants  to  be  full,  com 


the  following  express  covenants  and  agreements: 

1.    That  it  will  constitute  no  contract  of  insurance  until  a  poUf y j|]|iy)  HivlJiiye  ^ 


88d  PoLiOT  F0BM8,  Lm. 

been  iasned  and  delivered  by  the  said  company,  and  the  lint  premiom  thcrecm  actually 
paid,  daring  the  continuance  of  the  life  propoeed  for  insurance.  In  the  aame  condition 
of  health  as  described  in  the  application. 

2.  That  if  the  insurance  applied  for  be  granted  by  the  said  company,  the  policy,  if 
accepted,  will  be  accepted  subject  to  all  the  conditions  and  stipnlationa  contained  in 
the  policy,  and  that  the  entire  contract  contained  in  the  said  policy  and  in  this  applica- 
tion taken  together  shall  be  construed  and  Intenpreted  aa  a  whole,  and  in  each  of  its 
parts  and  obligations,  according  to  the  charter  of  the  said  company  and  the  laws  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  the  place  of  the  contract  beinc  ezpresely  agreea  to  be  the  prindpal 
office  of  the  said  comoany  in  the  city  of  Now  York. 

8.  That  in  any  oistribntion  of  surplus,  the  principles  and  methods  which  may  be 
adopted  by  the  company  for  such  distribution,  and  its  determination  of  the  amount 
equitably  belonging  to  such  policy,  shall  be  and  are  hereby  ratified  and  accepted  by  and 
for  every  person  who  shall  have  or  claim  any  interest  under  the  contract  now  proposed. 

OsRMAK  Mutual  Life.  The  whole  life  policies  of  this  com- 
pany, or  what  goes  under  that  name,  are  endowments  payable  at  age 
80.    The  policy  form  reads: 

The  German  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  of  8t  Loois,  hj  this  policy  of  in- 
surance, promises  to  pay dollars,  at  ita  office  in  the  citv  of  St.  Louis,  to 

executors,  administrators,  or  assigns,  within  thirty  davs  after  ac- 
ceptance of  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  during  the  oontinnance  of  tiua  policy  of 

of ,  state  of  Missouri  (herein  called  the  inenredlb 

deducting  thei]pfrom  any  unpaid  portion  of  the  current  year's  premium,  and  any  in- 
debtedness on  account  thereof. 

This  contract  in  made  in  consideration  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  which  is 

made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  in  further  considentlon  of  the  snm  of dollan 

and cents,  to  be  paid  in  advance  on  the  delivery  of  this  policy,  and  of  the  pay- 
ment of  a  like  sum  on  the. .. .  day  of in  every  year  thereafter  during 

the  continuance  of  this  policy;  provided,  however,  that  if  this  policy  shall  be  in  force 

on  the davoT in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and ,no 

further  premiums  will  be  reqnhvd,  and  the  said  snm  insured  shall  then  be  paid  at  the 
office  of  the  company  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  to  the  insured  himself,  or  nia  assigns, 
upon  surrender  and  satisfactory  release  of  this  policy. 

This  policy  is  issued,  and  accepted  by  all  parties  in  interest,  snUect  to  the  condi- 
tions and  agreements  placed  by  the  company  on  the  next  page  hereof,  which  are  a  part 
of  this  contract. 

Conditiont  and  Agreementt  S^erred  to  in  Thit  Policy  as  Part  uf  T)d9  ConiraeL 

Skction  1.  If  any  answers,  statements,  or  declarations  made  in  the  application  for 
this  policy,  which  are  now  by  the  applicant  warranted  to  be  true,  and  are  hereby  re- 
ferred to  as  the  basis  of  this  contract  and  are  a  part  thereof,  and  on  the  faith  of  which 
it  is  issued,  are  found  to  be  in  any  respect  untrue,  or  if  this  pollcv  has  been  obtained  bv 
fraud  or  by  the  misrepresentation  or  concealment  of  any  material  fact;  or  if  the  inenied 
shall  die  in  consequence  of  a  duel,  or  of  the  excessive  use  of  alcoholic  or  narcotic  etimo- 
lants.  or  in  the  violation  of  the  laws  of  anv  country,  state,  or  municipality  wherever  he 
may  be,  or  by  the  hands  of  Justice;  or  if  he  shall,  without  first  obtaining  the  written 
permission  of  this  company  and  paying  an  extra  premium  which  may  be  oiarged  these- 
for,  travel  or  reside  beyond  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  Canada,  or  Bnrope,  inclod- 
Ing  the  waters  connecting  those  countries,  or  enter  any  r^ons  within  thoae  limits  in 
which  yellow  fever  or  cholera  may  be  at  the  time  prevailing  as  an  epidemic;  or  if  he 
shall  be  personally  engaged  in  any  of  the  following  occupations  or  employments: 
handling  electric  wires  and  dynamos,  blaating,  mining,  submarine  or  aeronautic  opeia- 
tlons,  Arctic  explorations,  the  manufacture  of  highly  inflammable  or  explosive  sub- 
stances, service  upon  any  railroad  train,  or  on  any  steamer  or  other  vessel,  switching  or 
coupling  cars,  or  any  military  or  naval  Ber\-ice  in  time  of  war;  then,  in  each  and  evecr 
of  the  forgoing  cases,  this  policy  shall  become  null  and  void,  and  all  payments  made 
theroon  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company,  except  as  provided  in  section  S. 

Sbg.  3.  After  the  death  of  the  insured,  if  it  occurs  three  years  or  more  from  the 
date  hereof,  and  at  least  three  full  years'  premiums  have  been  paid,  this  policy  shall  be 
indisputable  for  the  conditions  named  in  section  1,  except  as  to  army  or  naval  service  in 
time  of  war,  the  violation  of  law,  or  in  case  of  fraud  in  the  procurement  thereof.  If 
it  is  found  that  the  age  of  the  insured  was  understated  in  the  application,  the  amount 
of  insurance  payable  shall  be  such  proportion  of  the  amount  of  tne  policy  as  the  pre- 
mium paid  bears  to  the  required  premium  at  the  true  age. 

Skc.  8.  All  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  Home  office  of  the  company,  hot 
may  be  paid  to  its  authorized  agents  producing  receipts  therefor  signed  by  &e  presi- 
dent, vice-president,  or  secretary,  ana  countersigned  by  such  agents.  If  anv  nremion 
is  not  thus  paid  on  or  before  the  day  when  due,  then  (except  m  herein  othormse  pio- 


POLIOY  FOBHS,  LiFB.  888 

vided)  this  policy  shall  become  yoid,  and  all  payments  previoasly  made  shall  remain  the 
property  of  the  company. 

Sec  4.  If  premimns  nnon  this  policy  for  not  less  than  two  complete  years  shall 
have  been  dnlT  received  by  the  company,  and  the  policy  shall  thereafter  lapse  or  be- 
come forfeited  for  the  non-payment  of  any  premiom,  tne  company  will  grant  a  non- 
particlpatlng  "pidd-np'*  policy,  payable  as  nercin  provided,  for  the  reduced  amount 

8bc.  6.  At  the  end  of  the  fifth  and  every  subsequent  fifth  year  from  date  of  issue, 
the  cash  surrender  value  specified  in  table  **B  "  below  will  be  paid  for  this  policy,  pro- 
vided It  shall  then  be  in  force  under  its  original  conditions,  and  is  legally  released  and 
surrendered  to  the  company  at  its  home  office  within  six  months  after  the  close  of  such 
period. 

Szc.  6.  No  assignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  recognized  by  the  company  unless 
made  in  duplicate  and  both  copies  sent  to  the  home  office  for  consent  and  record,  one 
of  them  to  be  retained  there;  out  the  company  assumes  no  responsibility  for  the  valid- 
ly of  any  assignment.  And  any  claim  a^inst  this  company  arising  under  this  policy, 
made  by  any  assignee,  shall  be  subject  to  satisfactory  proof  of  interest. 

S«c.  7.  The  contract  between  the  parties  hereto  is  completely  set  forth  in  this 
policy  and  the  application  therefor,  taken  together.  All  contracts  for  insurance  or 
agreements  made  by  the  company  must  be  signed  by  its  president  (or  vice-president) 
and  secretary;  no  agent  or  otner  person  has  power  to  make,  alter,  or  waive  any  of  the 
conditions  of  this  policy,  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  a  premium,  to  waive  any  for- 
feiture, or  issue  permits  of  any  kind,  or  make  any  agreement  binding  on  this  company. 

8icc.  8.  In  case  any  suit  or  action  upon  this  policy  shall  be  brought  against  this 
company  after  the  expiration  of  two  years  next  after  the  death  of  the  insured,  the 
lapse  of  time  shall  be  taken  to  be  conclusive  evidence  against  the  validity  of  the  claim 
attempted  to  be  enforced,  any  statute  of  limitation  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

Sbc.  9.  This  policy  is  issued  on  the  dividend  Investment  plan.  Every  dividend  of 
profits  which  may  be  made  on  this  policy  shall  be  applied  by  the  company  to  the  pur- 
chase of  additional  Insurance,  payable  when  the  policy  becomes  due.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  ten  years  from  the  date  hereof,  or  of  any  subsequent  period  of  five  years  —  all 
premiums  previously  due  having  been  paid  —  the  surrender  value  of  the  entire  addi- 
tional insurance  so  acquired  will  be  paid  to  the  Insured  in  cash,  on  his  giving  notice  of 
such  demand  within  sixty  days  of  the  termination  of  such  period  and  his  making  due 
acquittance  therefor.  If  the  death  of  the  insured  shall  occur  before  the  completion  of 
any  dividend  period,  the  total  amount  of  additional  insurance  accumulated  under  this 
policy  up  to  tne  date  of  death  will  be  paid  with  the  policy. 

Attached  to  the  policy  are  tables  of  paid-up  and  cash  values.  This 
company  also  issues  limited-payment  life  and  endowment  policies  and 
ten -year- term  policies. 

The  application  contains  the  following  warranty: 

I  do  hereby  agree  as  follows:  (1)  That  the  statements  and  representations  con- 
tained in  the  foregoing  application,  together  with  those  contained  in  the  declarations 
made  by  me  to  the  company's  medical  examiner,  shall  be  the  basis  of  the  contract  be- 
tween me  and  the  German  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company  of  St.  Louis;  that  I  hereby 
warrant  the  same  to  be  full,  complete,  and  true,  whether  written  by  my  own  hand  or 
not;  this  warranty  being  a  condition  precedent  to,  and  a  consideration  for,  the  policy 
which  may  be  Issued  hereon.  (S)  That  such  policy  shall  be  accepted  subj[ect  to  the 
conditions  and  stipulations  therein  contained,  and  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first 
premium  shall  have  been  actually  paid  thereon,  and  the  policy  delivered  during  my  life- 
time and  good  health.  (8)  That  in  any  distribution  of  surplus  or  profits,  the  principles 
and  methods  which  may  be  adopted  by  said  company  for  such  distribution,  and  its  de- 
termination of  the  amount  equitably  belonging  to  any  policy  which  may  be  Issued 
under  this  application,  shall  be  and  are  hereby  ratified  and  accepted  by  and  for  every 
person  who  snail  have  or  claim  any  interest  under  such  policy. 

Habtford  Life  and  Annuttt  insurance  company  of  Hartford, 
Conn.  This  company  provides  for  both  its  mortuary  fund  and  its 
safety  fund  by  an  advance  quarterly  premium  for  term  insurance. 
Its  new  policy  reads: 

In  consideration  of  the  representations,  agreements,  and  warranties  made  In  the 

application  herefor,  and  of dollara  as  a  first  payment  paid  upon  delivery 

thereof,  and  of  the  payments  of  like  amounts  to  be  made  to  it  at  three,  six,  and  nine 
months  from  date  hereof,  does  hereby  Issue  this  certificate  of  memberahip  and  policy 

of  insurance  Vb (herein  called  the  member)  of ,  county  of , 

state  of. ,  with  the  following  agreements:  ^a  I  p 


884  Policy  Forms,  Life. 

That  in  coniiideratJon  of  further  ad^imce  payments,  to  be  made  thereafter  on  the 
first  day  of  crery  successive  quarter  of  each  or  the  next  following  six  policy  years,  of 
the  quarterly  sums  set  against  the  age  of  the  member  in  the  table  of  Quarterly  cost, 
given  hereon;  or,  in  lieu  thereof,  of  the  payment  in  advance,  for  each  full  year  dorii^ 
said  six  years,  of  the  corresponding  annual  sums  also  set  in  said  table:  and  in  consid- 
eration of  further  payments  to  be  made  as  required  bv  the  fourth  condition  hereof,  the 
said  company  does  agree  to  renew  and  extend  this  policy,  without  medical  re-examina- 
tioujjiunng  each  successive  year  of  the  life  of  the  memoer. 

That  nmety  days  from  the  receipt  at 'the  home  oiBce  by  the  comoany^s  president  or 
st^retnry  of  complete  and  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death,  executed  on  the  forms  fur- 
nished by  the  company  upon  notice  of  death,  together  with  full  Information  in  respect 
of  the  manner  ana  cause  of  the  death  of  the  member  while  this  policy  is  in  force,  sup- 
ported by  affidavits,  in  form  as  supplied  by  the  corojMiny,  of  claimants,  attending  uhjv* 
ciaus,  undertaker,  and  clergyman,  and  full  report  of  coroner's  or  other  inquest,  if  any, 
all  tlie  cnnditiouM  hereof  having  been  conformed  to  by  the  member.  —  uponj>resentaUon 
and  surrender  of  this  policy  properly  receipted  at  the  company's  home  office  in  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  where  ail  such  payments  are  to  be  made,  there  shall  be  due  and  payable  in 
lawful  money  of  the  United  States,  out  of  the  mortuary  fund,  provided  for  in  condition 

6  hereof,  the  indemnity  of dollars  (less  the  balance  impaid,  if  any,  of  the 

safety  fund  of  ten  dollars  per  $1,000,  provided  for  in  said  condition  6,  together  with 
any  unpaid  part  of  the  current  year's  cost),  to 

This  certificate  of  membership  and  policy  of  insurance  is  issued  by  the  company 
and  accepted  by  the  member  and  oy  every  person  interested  therein  upon  the  following 
express  conditions  and  agreements:— 

1.  That  this  contract  shall  take  effect  only  when  delivered  to  the  member  or 
designated  beneficiary  within  the  member's  lifetime  while  in  good  health  and  the  herein 
stipulated  first  payment  paid  in  cash.  That  the  application  herefor,  together  with  any 
application  for  reinstatement  hereof,  is  part  of  this  contract,  and  the  exact  literal  truUi 
of  every  representation  therein,  and  the  verification  thereof,  shall  be  a  condition  prece- 
dent to  the  validity  of  this  contract.  That  no  alteration  of  any  of  the  written  or  printed 
terms  and  conditions  hereof,  or  waiver  of  any  of  them,  shall  be  valid  if  not  made  in 
writing  and  signed  by  the  company's  president  or  secretary:  nor  shall  any  coarse  of 
business  in  respect  hereof  serve  to  waive  any  of  them  without  such  writing  and  signa- 
ture. That  agenlH  are  wholly  withoutpower  In  respect  hereof,  and  cannot  bfnd  the  com- 
pany in  any  manner  whatsoever,  nor  for  moneys  entrusted  to  them  for  transmission, 
except  only,  that  delivery  hereof  shall  be  a  valia  receipt  for  the  hereinbefore  stipulated 
first  payment,  if  then  actually  paid  to  an  agent.  And  that  no  action  at  law  or  suit  in 
equity  shall  be  maintained  or  recovery  had  hereupon  unless  commenced  within  one  year 
from  the  date  of  death  of  the  member;  nor  shall  any  course  of  business  during  such 
year  in  respect  of  adjustment  or  payment  serve  to  extend  this  limitation  of  action. 

2.  That  this  contract  shall  not  be  assigned  or  benefit  transferred  without  the  writ- 
ten consent  of  the  company's  president  or  secretary,  nor  without  concurrent  action  of 
the  memtjer  and  beneficiary  or  ni^signs,  nor  unless  the  original  assignment  or  transfer 
hereof  be  at  once  filed  in  company's  home  office,  nor  (except  the  assignee  hereof  shall 
l)ear  to  the  meml>er  the  relationship  of  wife,  husband,  child,  parent,  brother,  sister, 
dependent  friend,  or  business  partner)  shall  the  amount  recoverable  by  any  assignee 
exceed  the  money  value  of  the  interest  shown  to  exist  by  a  sworn  statement  in  derail 
rendered  to  the  company's  siitisfaction.  And  that  the  company  shall  not  be  responsible 
for  the  validity  of  assignment. 

3.  That  travel,  occupation,  and  residence,  except  as  herein  stated,  are  not  recitrictetl 
by  this  contract  That  death  by  one's  own  hand,  wnether  sane  or  insane,  within  o«e 
year  f rt>m  date  hereof,  is  not  a  risk  covered  hereby  for  a  greater  sum  than  the  amountB 
actually  paid  to  the  company  hereon.  That  death  caused  by,  or  while  OBgaged  in,  viola- 
tion of  law.  or  while  in  ser\'ice  in  the  army  or  navy  of  any  government,  are  not 
risks  covered  hereby  at  any  time  during  the  continuance  hereof  for  a  greater  sum  than 
the  amounts  actually  paid  to  the  company  hereon.  And  that  after  three  years  from  the 
date  hereof,  except  as  above  stated,  this  contract  shall  be  Incontestable,  except  for 
fraud,  default  in  payments  as  and  when  herein  provided,  and  for  understatement  of  atre 
in  application  therefor;  provided,  however,  that  if  the  true  age  was  within  the  age  of 
sixty  years  at  dale  of  application,  then  that  proportional  part  of  the  indemnity  pur- 
chasable with  the  moneys  paid  thi-reon  at  the  true  age  shall  oe  payable. 

4.  That  on  the  first  day  of  March,  June,  September,  and  Decembc^J",  in  every  calen- 
dar year,  after  the  expiration  of  the  seventh  policy  year,  in  order  to  there-after  ccmtinne 
the  yearly  renewal  and  extension  hereof,  there  shall  be  due  and  payable  (less  such  semi- 
annual dlutributions  as  »ha\\  be  made  hereon  of  the  interest  and  surplus  of  the  safety 
fund,  described  in  condiUon  7  hereof)  nil  such  mortality  calls,  proportioned  to  the 
indemnity  herein  named,  as  shall  be  levied  against  the  member  to  form  a  mortnarv 
fund  for  the  payment  of  all  Indemnity  claims  matured  by  deaths  of  members,  which 
mortality  calls,  to  be  leviec^  upon  all  members  In  the  d^ipl^^^t^h^i^  tjds  policy  i* 


Policy  Fobms,  Lifbw  885 

imaed  whose  policies  are  In  force  at  the  dates  of  such  deaths,  shall  be  made  according 
to  the  table  or  gradaated  mortality  ratios  given  hereon  and  as  farther  determined  by 
their  respective  ages  and  the  aggregate  insurance  in  force  at  the  dates  of  sach  deaths, 
with  dne  allowance  for  discontfnaance  of  membership,  together  with  expense  dues  at 
the  rate  of  three  dollars  per  annum  on  each  $1,000  of  ue  indemnity  named  herein. 
That  all  the  stipalated  payments  shall  be  made  directly  to  the  company's  home  office, 
so  as  to  be  there  received  within  the  time  herein  fixed  for  payment,  and  not  made  to 
agents.  That  if  anv  payment  stipalated  herein  to  be  paid  to  the  companv  shall  not  be 
paid  at  its  home  office  on  the  day  due,  as  fixed  herein,  all  right  ana  liaoility  to  make 
payment  shall  cease,  and  this  contract  shall  cease  and  determine,  and  no  person  shall 
be  entitled  to  damages  or  recovery  of  any  moneys  paid  hereon.  That  no  course  of 
business  leniency  in  respect  of  any  payment  shall  serve  to  waive  nromptaess  in  payment 
of  anv  subsequent  payment  on  the  day  due,  as  fixed  herein.  And  that  if  any  final  distribu- 
tion JFrom  the  safety  fund  shall  be  made  hereon,  then  all  liability  of  the  company  and 
its  safety  fund  shall  cease  in  respect  of  this  contract. 

6.  That  notices  bearing  date  thirty  days  in  advance  of  required  dates  of  payment, 
addressed  to  the  member,  or  to  the  person  designated  by  the  member,  to  the  last  post- 
oflSce  address  appearing  on  the  company's  books,  and  mailed  at  Hartford  post-office, 
shall  be  snfficient  notice  of  any  required  payment,  and  that  affidavit  of  the  person 
mailing  snch  notices  shall  be  conclusive  proof  of  dne  notice  to  every  person  interested 
herein.  That  fonr  days'  grace  beyond  the  dates  fixed  herein  for  payment  is  allowed,  or 
fourteen  days  if  the  designated  address  is  west  of  the  meridan  of  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  oain 
foreign  conntries  other  than  Canada.  That  if  notice  be  not  received  it  shall  neverthe- 
less he  a  condition  precedent  to  the  continuance  of  this  contract  that  the  amonnt  herein 
stipulated  to  be  then  payable,  or  if  amonnt  then  payable  be  not  herein  stipulated,  then 
a  Bom  not  less  than  the  last  payment  made  hereon  (exclusive  of  any  reduction  by  distrl- 
bntion  from  the  safety  fund),  shall  be  paid  at  the  company's  home  office  within  the 
dme  fixed  herein  for  sach  payment,  and  that  notice  of  payments  to  fall  due  at  the 
times  fixed  herein  is  hereby  given  and  accepted  for  all  purposes  of  this  contract.  That 
notices  given  and  received  while  any  payment  shall  have  fallen  past  dae  are  to  be 
acceptea  onlyas  notices  to  make  application  for  reinstatement  of  membership,  and 
shall  not  serve  to  extend  the  time  herein  fixed  for  payment  thereof.  That  application 
for  reinstatement,  in  form  provided  by  the  company,  shall  accompany  every  tender  of 
any  post  dne  payment^  and  that  such  application  ana  tender  shall  not  serve  to  reinstate 
membership  or  contlnne  this  contract  unless  the  compafiy  shall  evidence  its  approval 
thereof  by  issuing  its  receipt  therefor  within  the  member's  lifetime  while  in  good 
health. 

6.  That  if  the  laws  of  any  country,  state,  county,  or  municipality  shall  provide 
for  taxes  on  payments,  then  the  payments  required  by  this  contract  shall  be  deter- 
mined so  as  to  cover  such  taxes.  That  the  mortuary  fund  derived  from  naymente 
made  daring  the  first  year  of  this  contract  shall  be  charged  with  fees  paid  by  the 
company  for  medical  examinations  in  the  same  period.  That  five  dollars  of  the  first 
yearns  payments  made  on  each  $1,000  of  the  indemnitv  herein  provided  for,  together 
with  five  dollars  of  the  second  year's  payments  on  each  $1,000  aforesaid,  shall  consti- 
tate  the  safety  fand  hereinafter  described.  That  the  expense  charges  throaghont  the 
first  seven  years  of  this  contract  for  all  purposes  of  the  membership  hereby  granted 
other  than  as  herein  stipulated,  shall  be  limited  to  thirty-eight  dollars  for  each  $1,000 
aforesaid,  to  be  apportioned  from  each  such  years'  payments  as  required  by  the  com- 
pany, and  that  the  expenses  thereafter,  except  as  herein  stipulated,  shall  be  limited 
to  three  dollars  per  annnm  for  each  $1,000  aforesaid.  And  that,  with  the  exceptions 
herein  stated,  all  payments  made  hereon  shall  constitute  the  mortuary  fund,  which 
fund  shall  in  no  wise  be  chargeable  or  liable  for  any  ases  or  purposes  other  than  the 
settlement  of  death  claims. 

7.  That  said  company  will  deposit  said  sum  of  ten  dollars,  when  received,  with 
the  tmstee,  named  in  a  contract  made  with  it  (of  which  a  copy  is  printed  hereon), 
as  a  safety  fund  in  trust  for  the  uses  and  purposes  expressed  in  said  contiact;  and 
eludl  make  a  semi-annual  division  of  the  net  interest  received  therefrom  by  it.  pro 
rata^  among  all  the  holders  of  certificates  In  force  in  said  department  at  such  time»*, 
who  shall  nave  contributed  five  years  prior  to  the  date  of  any  such  division  their 
stipulated  proportion  of  said  fund,  by  applying  the  same  to  the  payment  of  their 
future  mortuary  calls  and  dues:  and  that  whenever  said  fund  shall  amount  to  one 
million  dollars  all  subsequent  receipts  therefor  shall  be  divided  by  the  said  companpr 
in  like  manner  as  the  interest.  Said  company  further  agrees  that  if  at  any  time  it 
shall  fail  by  reason  of  insufficient  membership,  or  shall  neglect,  if  justly  and  legally 
due,  to  pay  the  maximum  indemnity  provid«i  for  by  the  terras  of  any  certificate 
issued  in  said  department,  and  such  certificate  shall  be  presented  for  payment  to  said 
trustee  by  the  legal  holder  thereof,  accompanied  bv  satisfactory  evidence,  as  herein- 
after provided,  ol  its  failure  to  pay,  after  demand  upon  it  within  the  time  herein 


886  POLICT  FOBMS,  LiFB. 

•Upnlatod  for  limitation  of  action,  then  it  shall  he  the  daty  of  oaid  trostee  to  at  once 
convert  Baid  safety  fund  into  money,  and  divide  the  same  (Iom  the  reasonable  chan^ 
and  expenses  for  the  management  and  control  of  said  fond)  among  the  boldeiv  nf 
certificates  then  in  force  in  said  department,  or  their  legal  representatives,  in  the 
proportion  which  the  amount  of  each  of  their  certificates  shall  bear  to  the  amoont  of 
the  whole  number  of  such  certificates  in  force;  and  that  hi  such  event,  it  shall  file 
with  said  trustee  a  correct  list,  under  oath,  of  the  names,  residences,  and  amounts  of 
the  certificates  of  all  members  entitled  to  participate  in  such  division.  The  evidence 
referred  to  above  to  be  either  certification  of  saia  insurance  company*s  preddent  or 
secretary  that  a  claim  is  justly  and  legally  due,  and  that  payment  thereof  has  been 
demanded  and  refused,  or  the  duly  attested  copy  of  a  final  judgment  obtained  thcrt- 
upon  in  anv  court  of  comnetent  jurisdiction,  satisfaction  of  which  has  been  neglected 
or  refused  for  the  period  of  sixty  days  from  its  date.  And  said  company  further  sgreee 
that  so  long  as  anv  certificate  or  membership  in  its  safety  fmid  departmeni  shall  remain 
in  force,  siud  fund  shall  be  in  no  wise  chaingeable  or  liable  for  any  use  or  purpose  ex- 
cept as  above  mentioned. 

A  copy  of  the  application  is  attached  to  each  policy,  and  also  a 
copy  of  the  Safety  Fund  contract.  The  latter  provides,  briefly,  that 
whenever  the  company  shall  fail  to  pav  the  full  sum  named  in  the 
policy  upon  a  legal  claim,  the  trustee  of  the  fund  shall  distribute  the 
fund  among  the  survivors.  The  limit  of  the  fund  is  one  million 
dollars,  of  which  the  company  had  collected,  December  81,  1893. 
$925,000.  The  income  from  this  fund  now  goes  to  reduce  premiumB 
on  policies  five  ^ears  old,  and  all  additions  to  the  fund  from  new  mem- 
bers will  be  divided  in  like  manner  when  it  has  reached  the  limit. 

HoMB  Life  Inbubakob  Company.  The  Home's  policies  contain 
no  restrictions  on  residence  or  travel,  and  are  written  with  or  without 
return  premiums. 

Ordinary  Life  Poliey.  The  Home  Life  insurance  company,  by  this  policy  of  »- 
surance,  in  consideration  of  the  written  and  printed  application  for  this  policy,  i»faicfa 

is  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  payment  in  advance  of doIUn> 

and cents,  and  of  the  payment  of  the  same  amount  to  bo  made  thereafter,  at  the 

office  of  the  said  company  in  the  city  of  New  York,  or  or  before  noon  of  the 

day  of in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract: 

Does  insure  the  1  if  e  of of in  the  county  of state  of 

(hereinafter  called  the  Insured),  in  the  amount  of dollars. 

And  does  promise  to  pay  the  sum  assured  to executors,  administrators 

or  assigns,  at  the  oflice  of  the  said  company  in  the  citv  of  New  York,  upon  receipt  and 
approval  of  proofs  of  the.  death  of  the  said  insured,  during  the  continuance  of  thb 
policy,  deducting  therefrom  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  under  this  contract. 

And  further  agrees  that  the  provisions,  requirements,  and  benefits  printed  or  writlMi 
by  the  said  company  upon  the  back  of  this  policy  are  a  part  of  this  contnurt,  as  fully  a5 
if  they  were  recited  at  length  over  the  signatures  hereto  i^zed. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  Home  Life  insurance  company  has,  by  its  president  or 
vice-president  and  secretly,  signed  and  delivered  this  contract  at  the  city  of  New 

York,  in  tbe  state  of  New  York,  this day  of ,  one  thousand  ciglit 

hundred  and  ninety. . . . 

Proviti(yM^  BequirementSy  and  Benefit*. 

It  is  hereby  further  promised  and  agreed  that  after  two  years  from  the  date  hereof, 
the  only  conditions  which  shall  be  binding  upon  the  insnrea  under  this  policv,  are  thai 
the  premiums  shall  be  paid  at  the  time  and  place,  and  in  the  manner  stipdUted,  w^ 
that  the  requirements  of  the  company  as  to  age,  and  military  or  naval  service  in  time  c>f 
war,  and  as  to  the  wearing  of  a  truss,  if  ruptured,  shall  be  observed,  and  that  in  all 
other  respects  if  this  policy  shall  become  a  claim  after  the  expiration  of  the  said  V9X> 
years,  the  payment  of  the  sum  insured  by  this  policy  shall  not  be  disputed. 

Each  premium  is  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  but  will  be  accepted  elsewhere  when  duly  made  in  ejccbange  for  the  c*>ra- 
pany*8  receipt,  signed  by  the  president,  vice-president,  or  secretary.  Notice  that  «acb 
and  every  such  payment  Is  due  at  the  date  named  in  the  policy,  is  given  and  accepted  bv 
the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  and  any  further  notice  required  by  any  staniif 
is  thereby  expressly  waived.  That  part  of  the  year's  premium,  if  any,  which  is  not  dui" 
and  is  nnpidd  at  the  maturity  of  this  contract  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  of  tbe 
claim.  If  this  policy  shall  become  void  by  non-payment  of  premium,  all  payro«nt»  yt^ 
vloualy  made  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company,  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 


PoLiGT  Forms,  Lifs.  837 

After  premiums  for  three  full  years  have  been  paid  upon  this  policy,  the  company 
will,  apon  the  legal  Borrender  thereof  on  defaolt  in  payment  of  any  premium,  or  within 
six  months  thereafter,  issue  a  non-participating  policy,  for  paid-up  insurance,  payable 
as  herein  provided,  for  such  an  amount  as  the  reserve  upon  this  policy  at  the  time  of 
non-payment  of  premium,  after  deducting  any  indebtedness  to  this  company  under  this 
contract,  will  purchase  at  the  published  single  premium  rates  of  the  company,  as  re- 

? Hired  by  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  May  H,  1OT9,  chap.  847,  laws  of  the  state  of  New 
oris. 

This  poUcv  may  be  surrendered  at  the  expiration  of years  from  the  date  of 

issue,  if  then  In  force,  and  the  full  amount  of  the  legal  reserve  according  to  the  present 

standard  of  the  state  of  New  York,  which  will  be  $ ,  less  any  rndebtedness  to 

the  company,  will  be  paid  therefor  in  cash  (in  addition  to  the  dividend  endowment  as 
provided  below),  or.  if^ desired,  the  policy  still  continuing  to  participate  in  profits,  may 
remain  In  force,  and  a  new  dividend  endowment  term  of  any  multiple  of  five  years  may 
be  entered  upon. 

Each  and  every  dividend  of  profits  which  may  be  made  on  this  policy  shall  be  re- 
tained by  the  company  and  be  applied  to  the  purchase  of  simple  endowments  in  favor 

of  the  holder  thereof,  which  shall  mature  and  be  payable  only  at  the  expiration  of 

yevs  from  the  date  hereof  if  this  policy  be  then  In  force,  at  which  time  the  accumula- 
tions shall  be  payable  in  cash,  or  if  preferred,  in  additional  insurance  if  the  Insured  is 
in  sound  healtn,  or  In  the  purchase  of  an  annuity. 

After  the  premiums  have  been  paid  on  this  policy  for years,  the  company 

will  loan  to  the  holder  of  the  policy  (to  enable  him  to  continue  it  in  force)  the  amount 
of  any  subsequent  premium  or  premiums  within  the  dividend  endowment  period,  as  the 
same  shall  become  due;  provided  there  is  no  other  indebtedness  to  the  company  under 
this  contract,  and  provided  interest  at  the.  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum  is  paid  an- 
nually in  advance  upon  all  such  loans.  The  aggr^te  amount  of  any  such  loans  and 
all  interest  accrued  or  unpaid  upon  the  same  shiul  be  deducted  from  the  proceeds  of 
this  policy  in  any  settlement  thereof,  or  of  any  benefit  thereunder. 

If  this  policy  shall  become  a  claim  by  death  occurring  within  the  dividend  endow- 
ment period  above  specified,  and  subsequent  to  the day  of all  the 

premiums  due  on  and  after  said  date  and  paid,  whether  In  cash  or  by  premium  loan  as 
above,  will  be  returned  and  paid  with  the  am»nt  of  the  policy. 

Any  assignment  of  this  policy  must  be  nHRe  in  duplicate,  and  both  copies  must  be 
sent  to  the  homo  ot&oe  for  assent  and  record,  one  of  them  to  be  retained  by  the  com- 
pany. Under  no  circumstances  will  the  company  assume  any  responsibility  for  the 
validity  of  any  assignment,  and  any  claim  arising  under  an  assignment  shall  be  subject 
to  satisfactory  proof  of  Interest 

No  agent  has  power  on  behalf  of  the  company  to  make  or  modify  this  or  any  con- 
tract of  insurance,  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  a  premium,  to  bind  the  companv  by 
making  an  v  promise,  or  by  receiving  any  representation  or  information  not  contained 
in  the  application  for  this  policy. 

Limited  Payment  lAfe,  This  is  in  all  respects,  except  the  terms  of 
payment  of  premium,  the  same  as  the  ordinary  life  policy. 

EndowmeiU  Policy.  This  policy  has  no  cash  surrender  value,  but 
IB  in  other  respects  the  same  form  as  is  used  for  the  preceding  policies, 
except  its  endowment  provision,  and  has  at  maturity  the  following 
option : 

On  the  maturity  of  this  policy,  with  its  accumulated  dividends,  if  the  insured  de- 
sires its  continuance,  the  companv  will  extend  it  and  allow  irUereft  thereon  annually  at 
the  rate  prescribed  by  the  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York,  as  the  standard  of  computa- 
tion for  the  reserves  of  life  Insurance  companies.  The  policy,  if  thus  extended,  shall 
become  payable  thereafter  on  demand  upon  any  day  on  wnich  interest  falls  due. 

This  company  also  issues  a  "Deferred  Annuity  Bond,"  which  has 
no  element  of  life  insurance  in  it,  but  becomes  an  annuity  for  life  after 
a  certain  number  of  years. 

The  insured  agrees: 

That,  in  consideration  of  the  provision  made  in  the  policy  as  to  paid-up  Insurance, 
all  right  or  claim  to  any  other  surrender  value  than  that  so  provided,  whether  provided 
bv  the  statute  of  any  state  or  not,  is  hereby  relinquished,  and  that,  in  case  of  under- 
Btateroent  of  age,  the  amount  payable  8hall  be  the  Insurance  that  the  actual  premium 
paid  would  have  purcliased  at  the  true  age  of  the  insured. 

That  for  two  years  after  the  date  of  issue  of  the  policy  engagement  in  any  of  the 
following  occupations  or  employments:  blasting,  mining,  submarine  labor,  aeronautic 


838  Policy  Formb,  Life. 

ascensions,  arctic  explorations,  the  mannfactarc,  handling,  or  transportation  of  I 
mable  or  explosive  substances,  service  upon  any  railroao.  train,  or  in  switching,  or  in 
coapling  cars,  or  on  any  steamboat,  or  other  vessel  or  boat,  and  self-destruction  whik 
sane  or  insane,  and  death  in  consequence  of  a  duel  or  criminal  violation  of  law,  vill 
render  the  policv  void.  That  during  the  continuance  of  the  policy  the  applicant  will 
not  engage  In  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war  without  first  obtaining  penniasion 
of  this  company,  and,  if  ruptured,  will  continuously  wear  a  suitable  trass. 

That  I  am  temperate  in  my  habitfl,  and  am,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief, 
in  sound  physical  and  mental  condition  and  a  satisfactory  subject  for  life  insurance: 
that  all  the  foregoing  statements  and  answers,  as  well  as  those  that  I  make  or  shall 
make  to  the  company's  medical  examiner,  in  continuation  of  this  application,  are  by 
me  warranted  to  be  true  and  are  offered  to  the  companv  as  a  consideration  of  the  con- 
tract, which  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first  premium  shall  have  been  paid  and  the 
policy  shall  have  been  delivered  during  my  life  and  continuance  In  good  nealth;  that 
the  contract,  contained  in  such  policy  and  in  this  application,  is  a  contract  made  and 
completed  in  the  state  of  New  York,  and  to  be  constraed  onlv  by  the  laws  thereof;  itaai 
the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  risk  herein  proposed  may  be  re-insured. 

John  Hancock  Mutual  Life  Inbuiiancb  Comfaht.  This  com- 
pany issues  "Ordinary  Life"  policies  with  premiums  payable  during 
life,  "Limited  Payment  Life/*  "Endowment/*  and  "Industrial''  poli- 
cies.   The  Ordinary  Lif$  policy  reads: 

The  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life  insurance  company,  in  consideration  of  the  pre- 
mium of dollars,  to  be  paid  on  or  before  tne day  of in  every 

year,  does  insure  the  life  of of In  the  anionnt  of 

dollars,  for  the  benefit  of ,  and  the  said  company  promises  to  pay,  at  its 

oflSce  in  Boston,  the  amount  of  said  insurance  to  the  said ,  executors  or 

administrators,  upon  satisfactory  proof  to  it,  at  its  ofllce  in  Boston,  of  the  death  of  the 
insured,  deducting  therefrom  any  indebtedness  to  this  company  of  the  other  parties  w 
this  contract,  and  the  premium,  if  any,  for  the  balance  of  the  policy  year;  subject  to 
the  following  conditions: 

This  policy  shall  not  take  effect  u4fe  delivered  and  the  first  premium  hereon  paid 
during  the  lifetime  and  good  health  of  the  insured. 

It  any  of  the  statements  made  in  the  application  for  tills  policy,  which  application 
is  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  part  hereof,  arc  In  any  respect  untrue,  or  if  any  of  Mid 
premiums  shall  not  be  paid  when  due,  this  policy  shall  be  void,  except  as  hereinafter 
agreed. 

This  policy  shall  be  incontestable  after  two  years  from  its  date. 

If  the  third,  or  any  subeeouent  annual  premium,  or  installment  thereon,  shall  not 
be  paid  when  due^  this  policy  snail  not  become  void,  but  the  comptmy  will  (there  beiii^ 
then  no  existing  indebtedness  as  aforesaid),  without  any  action  on  the  part  of  the  in- 
sured, continue  this  policy  as  paid-up  insurance  for dollars,  or  pay,  on  1^1 

surrender  on  any  anniversjiry  of  its  issue,  a  cash  value  of dollars.     [IndndUl 

here  is  a  table  giving  paid-up  insurances  and  cash  values  from  two  to  eighty  years.  If 
surplus  is  appliul  to  purchase  of  additional  insurance  the  sums  in  the  table  wU)  be  in 
creased.— Ed.  Ctclo.] 

On  satisfactory  assignment  the  company  will  loan  on  this  policy  such  som  as«  «ith 
one  year's  interest,  will  not  exceed  the  surrender  value;  but  no  loan  will  be  made  for  an 
amount  less  than  fifty  dollars. 

No  suit  shall  be  brought  against  the  company  on  any  claim  under  this  policy,  unless 
commenced  within  two  years  nt>m  the  time  when  the  right  of  action  accrues. 

Any  assignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  void,  unless  assented  to  in  writing  by  the 
secretary,  and  the  claim  of  any  assignee  shall  be  subject  to  proof  of  interest. 

No  person  except  the  president  or  secretary  is  authorized  to  make,  alter,  or  dif- 
charge  contracts  or  waive  forfeitures.  This  contract  is  made  and  to  be  performed  \n 
the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts. 

Notice  to  poiiey-holder.  This  policy  shall  share  in  the  dlstrilmtion  of  snrplos  fand« 
as  apportioned  by  the  directors,  and  such  share  may  be  applied  to  a  reduction  of  tlH* 
premium,  or  to  the  purchase  of  additional  insurance  if  so  expressed  in  the  application. 
The  assured  is  hereby  notified  that,  by  virtue  of  this  policy,  he  is  a  member  of  the  John 
Hancock  Mutual  Life  insurance  company,  and  that  the  annual  meetings  of  said  com- 
pany are  holden  at  its  home  ofllce,  on  the  second  Monday  of  February,  in  each  year,  at 
twelve  o'clock,  noon.  Should  this  policy  lapse  by  non-payment  of  premium,  it  ma?  bt 
reinstated  at  any  time  within  one  year  after  lapse,  on  payment  of  overdae  premmoi 
Avith  interest  and  presentation  of  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  good  health  of  the 
insured. 

Limited  Payment  and  Endovoment  policies  are  written  on  substaa- 


Policy  Fobms,  Lifb. 


339 


tially  the  same  blanks,  with  the  necessarj  chaDges  as  to  premium 
payments  and  maturity. 

Indttstrial  Poliey.  Tbe  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life  ineorance  company,  in  consid- 
eration of  the  payment  of centa,  at  noon  on  Wednesday  of  each  week,  during  the 

life  of the  insured  herein,  a^^es  to  pay  to  the  beneficiary  as  provided  In 

the  application  herefor,  within  twenty-four  nours  after  satisfactory  proof  or  the  death 
of  said  insured,  the  amount  named  in  the  schedule  below,  subject  to  these  couditions: 

If  any  statement  or  answer  in  said  application  is  in  any  respect  untrue;  if  any  aa- 
si^ment  hereof  is  made;  if  anr  policy  on  the  life  of  said  insured  previously  issued  by 
this  companv  is  now  in  force,  without  permission  to  hold  this  policy  indorsed  thereon 
by  the  president  or  secretary;  or  if  said  life  Is  rated  under  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  is 
now,  or  may  hereafter  be,  insured  while  under  such  age  in  this  or  any  other  companv 
or  society,  and  the  total  premiums  on  such  insurances  shall  exceed  ten  cents  per  week 
for  aeea  of  five  and  under,  or  twenty  cents  per  week  for  ages  between  six  and  twelve 
inclusive;  then  this  policy  shall  be  void. 

This  policy  and  the  premium  receipt  book  must  bo  returned  before  any  claim  can 
be  made. 

This  policy  shall  become  void  on  failure  to  make  any  of  said  payments  when  due. 
■abject,  however,  to  the  laws  of  Massachusetts,  but  should  the  death  of  said  insured 
occur  within  four  weeks  after  such  failure  the  amount  of  this  insurance  will  be  paid. 

No  suit  shall  be  brought  against  the  company  on  any  claim  under  this  policy,  unless 
said  suit  Is  commenced  within  two  years  from  the  time  when  the  right  of  action  accrues. 
No  person  except  the  president  or  secretary  is  authorized  to  maKe,  alter,  or  discharge 
contracta,  or  waive  forfeitures. 

The  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  loss  before  noon  of  the  date  hereof,  nor 
unless  said  insured  shall  then  be  alive  and  in  good  health. 
Schedule  above  R^errtd  to. 

Amount  of  benefit  if  insured  is  rated  at  or  over  18  years  of  age,  $ 

Stipulation.— In  the  event  of  the  death  of  the  insured  witliin  six  calendar  months  from 
date  hereof,  only  one-fourth  of  this  sum  shall  be  paid.  In  the  event  of  such  death  after 
six  months  and  within  one  year,  one-half  of  this  sum  shall  be  paid.  After  one  year 
from  date,  poltcv  will  be  in  force  for  the  full  amount. 

Amount  of  benefit— If  the  life  insured  is  rated  under  18  years  of  age,  and  for  each 
5  centa  of  weekly  premiums,  viz.:  For  6  cents  per  week  the  amounts  below  will  be  paid. 
For  10  cents  per  week  twice  the  amounts  below  will  be  paid.  For  16  cents  per  week 
three  times  the  amounts  below  will  be  paid.  For  80  cents  per  week  four  times  the 
amounts  below  will  be  paid."  Under  age  6  no  higher  premium  than  ten  cents  will  be 
taken. 


^ 

Amount  Payable  if  the  ChUd  dies  after  the  Policy  has  been  issued  for 

i 

yiji 

One 

1 
Two  Three 

Four 

Five 

Six 

Seven 

^^^ 

Nine 

Ten 

El'vn 

s^ 

Year. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

Yrs. 

1^ 

J^l^l 

13 

m 

$17 

W 

$84 

$29 

$86 

$48 

$60 

$60 

$76 

!?i 

gll5 

17 

80 

84 

29 

86 

48 

50 

60 

75 

95 

11 

90 

94 

90 

86 

48 

50 

60 

76 

06 

115 

18 

M 

20 

86 

48 

60 

60 

75 

06 

115 

16 

80 

86 

48 

60 

00 

76 

06 

116 

17 

86 

48 

60 

00 

76 

96 

116 

80 

48 

60 

60 

75 

96 

116 

88 

60 

80 

76 

06      116 

10 

86 

00 

76 

06 

115 

11 

80 

75 

86 

116 

18  .  86 

06 

116 

When  the  amount  of  insurance,  according  to  the  tonus  of  this  table,  reaches  ftll6 
(for  each  five  cents  of  weekly  premium)  it  will  continue  at  that  amount  during  the  Tifc- 
tiroe  of  the  person  Insured,  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  policy. 

The  following  warranties  are  in  the  application: 
It  is  warranted  that  all  the  statements  and  answers  above  made  are  complete  ) 
true.    There  shall  be  no  contract  of  insurance  vitil  a  policy  shall  have  been  i       ' 


840  Policy  Fobks,  Lifb. 

delivered,  and  the  flrat  premimn  thereon  paid,  while  the  pereoo  proposed  for  inBiimioe 
is  In  good  health,  and  if  said  policy  be  iflmied,  this  application  with  the  anawvrs  made 
to  the  medical  examiner,  shall  be  a  part  thereof,  andl  waive  all  proyisions  of  law  pre- 
venting any  physician  from  disclosing  any  information  acquired  in  attending  me  tn  a 
professional  capacity  or  otherwise,  or  rendering  him  incompetent  to  testify  as  a  witness 
in  any  way  whatever. 

In  any  distribution  of  surplus,  the  principles  and  methods  which  may  be  adopted 
by  the  company  for  such  distribution,  and  its  determination  of  the  amount  equitably 
"  '       '  .^ --..-      .^  «  ^  "  "^  -  »nd  for  every  person  who  shall  nave  any 

s  person  whose  life  is  insured  shall  be  in 

rticy. 

A  new  policy,  called  a  "Trust  Fund  Coupon  Policy/'  is  issued 
January,  1898.  Coupons  are  attached  to  the  policy  payable  as  indi- 
cated.   The  peculiar  feature  of  the  policy  reads : 

It  is  agreed  that,  should  any  beneficiary  under  this  policv  die  before  this  contract 
becomes  a  claim,  this  policy  shall  revert  to  the  insured,  and  he  may,  with  the  consent 
of  the  company,  nominate  a  new  beneficiary.  If  no  such  nomination  be  made,  how- 
ever, during  the  life  of  the  insured,  his  legal  representatives  shall  have  the  option  at  his 
death  of  commuting  the  then  present  value  of  luture  installments  to  become  due  here- 
under into  a  cash  payment  according  to  the  table  herein;  and  a  like  option  of  commu- 
tation shall  extend  to  the  lesal  representatives  of  the  beneficiary  should  said  beoeflciarr 
die  after  the  insured  and  before  receiving  all  the  installments  provided  in  said  coupons. 

Neither  this  policy  nor  the  coupons  attached  hereto  are  assignable. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  second  coupon : 

Coupon  No.  2.    Policv  No One  year  after  the  death  of  the  insured,  the 

John  Hancock  Mutual  Lire  insurance  company  promises  to  pay doUara,  at 

its  office  in  Boston,  to  the  beneficiary  named  in  said  policy,  subject  to  the  conditions 
therein. 

The  company  also  issues  an  industrial  policy  with  weekly  i>ay- 
ments,  for  adults,  the  amount  of  the  insurance  being  fixed  at  five  hun- 
dred dollars,  and  the  premium  varying  with  age  at  entry.  The  face 
of  this  policy  is  to  be  increased  at  peri^  of  five  years  by  diyidenda. 

Kansas  Mutual  Lifb  Association.  This  company,  located  at 
Topeka,  issues  ordinary  and  limited  payment  life,  renewable  term,  and 
convertible  endowment  policies. 

Ordinary  Lift.  The  Kansas  Mutual  Life  Association,  in  consideration  of  the 
statements  and  agreements  in  the  application  for  this  insurance,  which  are  made  a  part 
of  this  contract,  and  in  further  consideration  of  the  payment  of  the  premiums  herein- 
after specified,  does  hereby  insure  the  life  of of in  thecoanty 

of and  state  of in  the  sum  of dollars,  to  be  paid  a& 

the  oflicc  of  the  association,  in  the  city  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  to if  living, 

otherwise  to  the  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns  of  the  insured,  upon  acceptance^ 
at  its  said  office,  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of  the  insured  during  the  continu- 
ance of  this  contract,  subject  to  the  provisions,  rouuirements,  and  benefits  stated  on  the 
next  page  of  this  policy,  and  to  the  following  conditions: 

The annual  premium  of dollars  and cents  shall  be 

paid  in  advance  on  delivery  of  this  policy,  and  thereafter  to  the  association  at  its  home 

office  in  the  city  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  on  or  before  the. day  of in 

every  year  during  the  continuance  ox  this  policy. 

FrKnMoMy  Sequirements^  and  Bm^s. 
Premium  Patfmente.  This  policy  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first  prexolnm 
hereon  shall  have  been  actually  paid  during  the  life  and  good  health  of  the  ineored. 
Each  premium  is  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  association,  in  the  city  of 
Topeka.  Kansas,  but  will  be  accepted  elsewhere,  when  duly  paid,  in  exchange  for  the 
association's  receipt,  signed  by  its  president  or  secretary  and  countersigned  by  tlHr 
authorized  person  to  whom  payment  is  made.  That  part  of  the  annual  premiam,  if 
any,  remaining  unpaid  at  the  maturity  of  this  contract,  or  any  other  indebtednoea  to  the 
asBOciaUon  on  account  of  this  policy,  shall  be  dedncU^  in  settlement  from  the  sam  in- 
sured. If  this  policy  shall  become  void  by  non-payment  of  any  premium  when  doe,  all 
payments  previously  made  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  ai«Hociation  except  as  herrinafler 
provided. 


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Policy  Forks,  Li^fi.  341 

Ptdd-Vp  Iruurance  and  Cwk  Surrender.  After  three  complete  annual  premianw 
shall  have  been  paid  hereon,  shoald  default  of  premium  payment  occur,  the  association 
agrees  that,  without  any  action  upon  the  part  of  the  insured,  this  policy  shall  become 
paid-up  for  the  amount  of  non-participating  insurance  indicated  m  the  association's 
table  of  paid-up  hisurance,  which  shall  be  payable  at  the  time  this  policy  would  be,  if 
continued  in  force  for  its  full  face  value,  and  in  all  matters,  except  as  to  premium  pay- 
ment and  participation  In  profits,  subject  to  the  same  conditions  and  agreements. 

Or  upon  receipt  of  written  notice  within  sixty  days  after  said  default  of  premium 
payment,  the  association  will  pay  to  the  insured  or  assigns  of  the  insured,  on  the  suc- 
ceeding anniversary  of  the  issue  of  this  policy,  legal  surrender  thereof  being  made,  the 
cash  surrender  value  belonging  to  this  policy  at  the  date  of  said  default,  indicated  in  the 
association's  table  of  cash  surrender  values. 

And  it  is  further  asreed  that  upon  sixty  days  previous  written  notice,  and  the  legal 
surrender  of  this  polfoy,  while  in  full  force,  the  association  \vill,  on  the  third  or  any 
subeeqnent  anniversary  of  its  issue,  pay  to  the  insured  or  assigns  of  the  insured,  the 
cash  surrender  value  indicated  In  said  table  of  cash  surrender  viuues. 

Dividend  Benefits.  After  three  full  annual  premiums  shall  have  been  paid  hereon, 
this  policy  shall  be  entitled  to  share  In  such  annual  distribution  of  surplus  as  may  be 
made  on  this  class  of  policies  according  to  the  association's  usage,  and  the  dividends 
awarded  hereon  shall,  at  the  option  of  the  insured  as  elected  at  the  time  of  making 
application,  be  applied  to  purchase  additional  insurance  (paid-up  and  non-participating), 
'  payable  accoiding  to  the  terms  of  this  policy,  or  be  used  to  reduce  the  premiums  nereon. 

DMth  Bei^fit.  At  the  death  of  the  insured,  if  this  policy  be  then  in  force  for  its 
full  face,  all  its  conditions  and  requirements  having  been  complied  with,  the  person  or 
perBon0  to  whom  payment  is  to  oe  made,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  this  con- 
tract, shall  be  entitled  to  either  of  the  following  options: 

Pint,  To  receive  in  cash  the  face  of  this  policy,  and  any  dividend  additions  made 
thereto. 

Second,  To  receive  the  amount  of  said  face  value  and  dividend  additions,  with 
interest,  in  such  equal  annual  installments  as  the  beneficiary  may  elect. 

Third.  To  receive  an  annuity,  payable  at  the  beginning  of  each  year  thereafter 
dnrinff  the  life  of  the  beneflciorv. 

Fowrth.  To  receive  a  paid-up  non-participating  policy  for  the  whole  or  any  part 
of  the  face  of  this^Iicy  and  its  additions,  payable  at  the  death  of  the  said  beneficiary 
to  his  or  her  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns,  and  have  an  annuity  for  lifte,  paya- 
ble at  the  end  of  each  year  thereafter. 

Options  numbers  three  and  four  can  be  given  only  when  there  is  but  one  beneficiary. 

IwxmtMtaMlity.  After  two  years  from  date  hereof  this  policy^hall  be  incontesta* 
ble,  except  for  non-payment  of  premiums,  when  dne,  or  for  violation  of  the  require- 
ments contained  in  the  application  for  this  policy  as  to  death  from  violation  of  law  and 
as  to  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war. 

At^gnment,  Any  assignment  of  this  policy  must  be  made  in  writing,  and  dupli- 
cate thereof  must,  within  thirty  days  thereafter,  be  furnished  the  association.  Claim 
nndor  assignment  shall  be  subject  to  satisfactory  proof  of  Interest. 

Age  Mmtaied.  Should  the  aee  of  the  insuied  be  understated  in  the  application  for 
tbia  insurance,  the  amount  payable  hereunder  shall  be  such  proportion  of  the  sum  in- 
snred  as  the  premium  paid  bein  to  the  required  premium  at  me  correct  age  at  the  time 
of  making  application. 

Notice  to  Folicv-Holdert.  No  person,  except  the  president  or  secretary,  and  he  in 
writing  only,  is  authorized  to  make,  alter,  or  dischorse  contracts  in  behalf  of  the  asso- 
ciation, or  to  waive  forfeitures,  or  to  bind  the  association  by  making  any  promise,  or 
by  receiving  any  representation  or  Information  not  contained  in  the  application  for  this 
policv. 

Sfemberehip.  The  insured  is  hereby  notified  that  by  virtue  of  this  policy  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Kansas  Mutual  Life  Association,  and  that  the  annual  meetings  of  said 
association  are  holden  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  February  of  every  year,  at  its  principal 
office  or  such  other  place  in  the  city  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  as  the  board  of -directory  may 
designate. 

The  companj's  renewable  term  policies  only  vary  from  this  in  the 
necessary  phraseology  to  express  their  terms,  and  the  same  is  true  of 
the  limited  payment  life  policies.  The  CanverHbU  Endowment  policy 
gives  the  right  to  surrender  after  the  second  year  for  a  stipulated  cash 
yalue»  and  at  the  end  of  the  endowment  period  the  assured  is  entitled 
to  the  following  options: 

I%ret.  To  receive  In  cosh  the  full  amount  of  this  policy  together  with  all  dividend 
additions  made  thereto ;  or  ^^  T 

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d42  Policy  Forks,  Lunt, 

Second.  To  receive  a  paid-up  life  policy  equal  in  amount  to  tlie  face  of  this 
policy  and  dividend  additions,  and  have  an  annuity  Tor  life  payable  at  the  end  of  each 
year  thereafter,  the  amount  of  which  annuity  fihall  be  not  \e»»  than  $ ;  or 

Third.  To  receive  a  part  of  the  face  of  this  policy  and  dividend  additioni*  in  ca«li 
or  paid-up  insurance,  and  convert  the  retfildue  into  an  annuity  for  life ;  or 

Fourth.  To  convert  the  whole  of  this  policy  and  dividend  additione  into  an  annuitv 
for  life,  firot  payment  immediate,  and  thereafter  payable  at  the  banning  of  earn 
year,  the  amount  of  which  annuity  shall  be  not  less  than  $ 

The  application  warraats  and  agrees: 

That  within  the  next  two  yeans  after  date  of  the  policv  for  which  I  hereby  apply,  1 
will  not  reside  or  travel  in  the  Torrid  Zone,  nor  personally  engage  in  blasting,  nmunff, 
submarine  labor,  aeronautic  ascensions,  Arctic  explorations,  the  mannfactore  or  hana- 
lins  or  transportation  of  highly  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  servicee  upon  any 
railroad  train,  or  in  switchmg  or  coupling  cars,  or  on  any  steam  or  other  vessd,  wlthoat 
the  written  consent  of  the  association,  and  that  death  from  suicide,  whether  sane  or  In- 
sane, or  death  from  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors  will  render  this  policy  null  and  void: 
and  that  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  I  will  not  engage  in  military  or  naval 
service  in  time  of  war  :  and  that  death  occurring  in  consequence  of  the  violanon  of  law 
will  render  this  policy  null  and  void. 

Proofs  of  death  required  bv  the  policv  applied  for  shall  be  made  npon  the  blank 
forms  prescribed  by  the  association,  and  shall  include  all  the  information  required 
thereby. 

Any  policy  based  npon  this  application  shall,  at  all  times  and  places,  be  oonfltnied 
to  be  a  contract  made  in  the  state  of  Kansas. 

That  all  the  foregoing  statements  and  answers,  as  well  as  thoee  that  I  make  or  shall 
make  to  the  company^s  medical  examiner,  in  continuation  of  this  application,  are  by  me 
warranted  to  be  true,  and  are  offered  to  the  company  as  a  consideration  of  the  cootracu 
which  shall  be  subject  to  all  of  the  limitations  and  requirements  of  the  constitution  and  bv- 
laws  of  said  association,  with  the  amendments  made  or  that  may  hereafter  be  made 
thereto.  I  hereby  appoint,  constitute,  and  confirm  the  president  of  the  Kansas  Mntnal 
Life  Association  mv  legal  proxy,  with  instructions  and  power,  in  my  absence,  to  cast  my 
vote  at  the  annual  meeting  of  said  association,  to  be  held  on  the  second  Toeaday  in 
February  of  each  year  during  the  continuance  of  the  policy  hereby  applied  for,  for  \to» 
then  existing  board  of  trustees. 

Life  Iivdbmnity  and  Inyestment  Company  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
This  company  issues  "ordinary  life,"  *' limited  payment  life,"  "free 
distribution,"  and  "bond"  policies. 

Ordinary  Life.  The  Life  Indemnity  and  Investment  Company,  in  consideration  of 
the  stipulations  and  agreements  in  the  application  herefor.  and  upon  the  next  page  of 
this  policy  (all  of  which  are  a  part  of  this  contract),  and  of  the  payment  of  the  annnal 
premium  of dollars  and cents  (which  may,  by  assent  of  the  com- 
pany be  paid  in  semi-annual  installments  or  quarterly  installments),  to  be  paid  at  the 

office  of  tne  company  in  Uiouz  City,  Iowa,  on  or  before  the day  of 

in  each  year  dunng  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  hereby  promises  to  pay  the  sum  of 
dollars executors,  administrators  or  assigns,  (deducting  there- 
from all  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  policy,  together  with  me  bal- 
ance of  any  year's  premium  remaining  unpaid),  within  sixty  days  after  receipt  and  ac- 
ceptance, at  the  office  of  the  said  company,  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  of  satisfactory  proofs 

of  the  death  of  the  said of county  of state  of 

. . .  .(the  insured  under  this  policy). 

This  policy,  after  having  been  in  force  for  two  years,  shall  be  incontestable,  except 
for  non-payment  of  premium  ;  subject,  however,  to  the  company's  provisions  as  to  mil- 
itary and  naval  service  in  time  of  war. 

SiipulcUioru  and  Agreemtntt  referred  to  in  this  Poliejf. 
Semi-Tontine  Provisions. 

On  completion  of  the  semi-tontine  period  of  this  policy,  on  the  eighth  diw  of  Feb- 
ruary, nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  if  the  same  8hall  then  be  in  force,  it  shiJl  partici- 
pate m  the  accumulated  surplus  derived  from  policies  on  the  semi-tontine  plan,  both 
existing  and  discontinued. 

The  policy  may  then  be  continued  on  the  ordinarj'  plan,  and  (1)  the  surplus  appor- 
tioned by  the  company  taken  as  an  annuity  on  the  life  of  the  insured  to  he  usedtoredace 
or  extinguish  premiums  still  payable,  if  any ;  and  in  case  the  annuity  shall  exceed  the 
premium  due  in  any  year,  the  excess  shall  be  paid  in  cash ;  or  (S)  the  entire  surplus  may 
oe  taken  in  cash. 


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Policy  Pobmb,  Lifb.  848 

Or,  the  policy  may  then  he  aarreDdered,  and  its  full  value,  consisting  of  the  entire 
reserve,  amounting  to  twenty-six  hundred  ninety-six  and  55-100  dollars,  together  with 
the  surplus  then  apportioned  by  the  company,  taken  — (1)  in  cash,  or  (2)  in  paid-up  in- 
surance, or  (8)  as  a  ufe  annuity. 

If  notification  of  the  option  selected  by  the  insured  shall  not  be  received  by  the  com- 
pany at  least  tliroe  months  prior  to  the  completion  of  the  semi-tontine  i)eriod,  the  sur- 
plus apportioned  to  this  policy  shall  be  appued  to  the  purchase  of  an  annuity,  as  desig- 
nated m  the  first  option  named  at)ove. 

A  grace  of  one  month  shall  be  allowed  in  the  payment  of  the  premiums  upon  this 
policy,  falling  due  within  the  selected  semi-tontine  period,  provided  interest  at  the  rate 
of  six  per  cent,  per  annum  shall  be  paid  to  the  company  for  the  time  deferred. 
Oeneral  Pfwisions. 

This  policy  shall  not  take  effect  or  be  in  force  until  a  receipt  signed  bv  the  president 
or  secretary,  and  countersigned  bv  an  authorized  agent  of  the  company,  shall  have  been 
delivered  to  the  insured,  acknowledging  the  payment  of  the  first  yearns  premium,  or  of 
a  semi-«nnua]  or  quarterly  installment  tnereof . 

The  payment  of  a  seini-annual  installment  of  the  premium  hereunder  shall  not  con- 
tinue this  policy  in  force  longer  than  six  months,  or  a  quarterly  installment  longer  than 
three  months. 

Any  part  of  the  vear^s  premium  remaining  unpaid,  together  with  any  other  indebted- 
ne«s  on  account  of  this  policy,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  payable  in  any  settle- 
ment of  the  policy,  or  from  any  value  applied  to  the  purchase  of  paid-up  or  extended 
insurance  thereunder. 

All  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  Home  office  of  tlie  company,  unless  other- 
Vtise  agreed  in  writing,  but  may  be  paid  to  agents  in  exchange  for  receipts  signed  by  the 
president  or  secretary,  and  countersi^ed  by  such  agents. 

Notice  tibat  each  and  every  premmm  is  due  at  the  date  named  in  the  policy,  is  given 
and  accepted  by  the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  and  any  further  notice  re- 
quired by  any  statute  is  hereby  expresbly  waived. 

No  agent  has  power,  in  behalf  of  the  company,  to  modify  this,  or  any  contract  of 
infinnince,  to  waive  ^forfeitures,  or  to  bind  the  company  In  any  manner  whatsoever. 
This  power  can  be  exercised  only  bv  the  president  or  secretary,  and  will  not  be  delegated. 

Snonld  the  death  of  the  Insured  occur  during  the  extended  term  insurance  provided 
for  in  case  of  failure  to  pav  any  premium  hereunder,  there  shall  be  deducted  from  the 
amount  payable  the  sum  of  all  the  premiums  which  would  have  become  due  on  this  pol- 
icv  if  it  had  been  continued  in  force  on  the  original  plan,  with  Interest  thereon.  No 
part,  however,  of  such  tenn  insurance  shall  be  due  or  payable  unless  satisfactory  proofs 
of  death  be  furnished  ^rithin  one  year  after  death. 

Any  aasisnment  of  this  policy  must  be  made  in  duplicate,  and  both  copies  sent  to 
the  Home  office  for  acknowledgment,  one  of  them  to  be  retained  by  the  company.  The 
company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  validity  of  any  assignment. 

7%^  Free  Distribution  policy  is  a  tenn  policy  for  one  year.  It  ia  im- 
possible from  the  face  of  the  policy  to  discover  the  reason  for  the  name 
it  bears.  The  company's  policies  are  semi  tontine,  the  surplus  only 
going  into  the  pool. 

Trust  Deposit  Bond.  This  bond  is  issued  to  mature  in  a  given  term 
of  years  or  at  death,  but  to  be  paid  in  equal  annual  installments,  for 
which  coupons  are  attached. 

The  applications  contain  this  agreement : 

The  statements  and  agreements  made  by  me  in  this  application,  as  well  as  those  I 
baye  made,  or  shall  make,  to  the  company's  medical  examiner,  are  hereby  warranted  by 
mc  to  be  true,  and  are  offered  as  a  consideration  of  the  contract,  which  shall  not  take 
effect  until  the  first  premium  shall  have  been  paid  during  my  life  and  continuance  in 
good  health. 

I  agree  that  for  two  years  after  the  date  of  issue  of  the  policy,  travel  and  residence 
in  Ifeuco  and  the  Torricl  Zone,  and  engagement  in  blasting,  mining,  submarine  labor, 
aeronautic  ascensions,  arctic  explorations,  the  manufactmre,  handling,  or  transportation 
of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  service  upon  any  railroad  train,  or  in  switch- 
ing, or  in  coupling  cars,  or  on  any  steamboat,  or  other  vessel  or  boat,  will  render  the 
policy  void,  unless  a  special  permit  be  obtained  from  the  company ;  and  that  self-de- 
ettruction,  sane  or  insane,  ana  death  in  consequence  of  violation  of  law,  within  two  years 
from  the  date  of  the  policy,  are  not  risks  assumed  by  the  company  in  the  contract. 

Military  and  naval  service  in  time  of  war  are  prohibited,  unless  a  special  permit  be 
itwued  by  the  company.    In  case  of  death  from  service  in  war  without  such  permit,  the 


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844  Policy  FoBMft,  Lnrt. 

net  resenre,  by  the  actaarice'  experience  table  of  mortality  and  4  per  cent  intereot  will  be 
paid. 

1  agree  that  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  risk  herein  proposed  may  be  rdnmred. 

Manhattan  Lifb  Insurance  Company.  This  company  isaues 
moBt  of  its  policies  on  the  8urnvor$h%p  Dimdend  Plan.  These  policies 
provide  for  a  payment  of  the  accumulated  dividends  at  the  end  of  a 
stated  period  of  tan,  fifteen,  or  twenty  years.  At  this  time,  the  holder 
also  has  the  option  of  surrendering  the  policy  for  the  full  combined 
experience  4  per  cent,  reserve  in  cash.  Ordinary  life,  limited  payment 
life,  endowment,  and  limited  payment  endowment  policies  are  issued 
on  this  plan.  Also  a  new  form  of  policy  known  as  the  18/20  limited 
payment  credit  policy.  This  policy  provides  for  the  pavment  of  the 
accumulated  dividends  at  the  end  of  twentv  years  in  addition  to  the 
full  reserve,  or  the  policy  then  becomes  paid-up  for  its  face  value  in 
addition  to  entitling  the  holder  to  the  dividends.  Premiums  for  the 
first  two  years  on  this  plan  are  lower  than  those  of  subsequent  years, 
and  there  are  other  special  advantages. 

Paid-up  policies  are  ^ranted  on  the  ordinary  life  and  18/20  policies 
in  accordance  with  the  New  York  non-forfeiture  law.  Limited  pay- 
ment life  and  endowment  policies  on  the  survivorship  dividend  plan 
are  non-forfeiting  after  three  years  in  the  same  proportion  of  the 
face  of  the  policy  that  the  premiums  paid  bear  to  the  premiums  re- 
quired bv  the  terms  of  the  policies. 

In  addition  to  SuroivorMp  Dividend  JPifUdei  this  company  also 
writes  life  and  endowment  policies  on  the  annual  dividend  plan,  or  at 
lower  rates  of  premium  without  sharing  in  the  profits  of  the  company. 

Guaranteed  compound  interest  bonds  are  written  with  twen^  and 
twenty-five  year  periods  providing  for  an  increase  in  insurance  during 
the  latter  years  and  for  a  cash  payment  in  case  of  survival,  equal  to 
all  premiums  paid  improved  at  two  and  one-half  per  cent,  or  two  per 
cent,  compound  interest;  other  valuable  options  are  then  available. 

Ten-  Tear  Term  Policies  are  also  written  which  are  renewable  at  the 
end  of  each  term  without  requiring  the  surrender  of  the  original 
policy.  The  dividends  accumulated  during  one  term 'are  applicable  to 
reduce  the  rates  of  premium  during  the  succeeding  term. 

Ordinary  Life  Policy.  The  Manhattan  Life  insnrance  company  of  New  York,  in 
consideration  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  and  the  atatemente  and  covenantis 

therein  contained,  which  are  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the annoal  premium 

of dollars,  to  be  paid  in  advance  to  the  company  at  its  office  in  the  city  of  Nev 

York,  on  the  delivery  of  this  policy,  and  thereafter  on  the day  of 

in  every  year  during insures  the  life  of of in  the  connty 

of and  state  of and  will  pay  at  its  said  office  in  the  city  of  New 

York  to ezecntors,  administrators,  or  assims dollars  npon  satiefae- 

torv  proof  at  its  said  office  of  the  death  of  the  Insnnd  during  the  continuance  of  thi^ 
policy  upon  the  following  conditions: 

1.  If  any  statement  made  in  the  application  be  in  any  respect  untrue,  or  if  any 
premium  be  not  paid  when  due,  or  if  the  insured  engage  in  any  naval  or  military  serriw 
except  in  the  militia  not  in  actual  service,  this  policy  shall  be  void  and  all  payments 
made  upon  it  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company;  except  that,  after  being  in  force  three 
full  years,  this  policy  shall  be  incontestable  for  any  misstatement  in  the  applloitioa 
except  aa  to  age,  and  if  it  shall  lapse  or  become  forfeited  for  the  non-payment  of  any 
preniium  the  company  will,  upon  the  surrender  of  this  policy  wiUiin  six  months  after 

such  lapse,  issue  a  non-participating  paid-up  policy  for  such  sum  as  the  legal  net  res 

on  this  policy,  at  the  time  of  lapsing,  wUl  purchase  as  a  single  premium  at  the  ( 
pany's  jMesent  published  rates. 

S.  Proof  of  death  shall  be  furnished  to  the  company  within  two  years  after  deaths 
uid  no  suit  shall  be  brought  against  the  company  on  this  policy  after  two  years  from 
the  time  when  the  cause  of  action  accrues. 


3.  No  provieion  of  this  contract  can  be  changed  or  waived  except  by  a  written 
afirrcement,  signed  by  the  president  or  secretary  of  the  company. 

The  agreement  in  the  application  reads: 

It  is  hereby  warranted  that  the  above  statements  and  answers  are  fnll,  complete, 
and  tme  in  every  particular,  and  they  are  offered  as  a  consideration  for  the  insurance 
applied  for,  which,  however,  shall  not  be  forfeited  for  any  mis-statement  made  herein 
after  three  years  from  the  date  hereof.  And  it  is  agreed  that  there  shall  be  no  contract 
of  insurance  nntil  a  policy  shall  be  issued  by  the  company,  and  accepted,  smbject  to  the 
conditions  and  stipulations  therein  contained,  during;  the  good  health  of  the  person  to 
be  insured,  and  the  first  premium  paid  thereon.  And  all  right  and  claim  to  paid-up 
inrarance  or  reserve  value  of  any  kind,  uuder  the  laws  of  any  state  or  otherwise,  except 
as  provided  in  tlie  laws  in  the  state  of  New  York  or  the  policy,  is  hereby  waived  and 
released. 

Maryland  Lifb  Inbubancb  Company.  Issues  ordinary  and 
limited  payment  life  and  endowment  policies,  and  a  semi-endowment 
bond. 

Ordinary  Life.  The  Maryland  Life  insurance  company  of  Baltimore,  in  consider- 
ation of  the  representations  made  to  it  in  the  application  for  this  policy,  which  applica- 
tion is  hereby  referred  to  and  made  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  sum  of 

doHars  and cents,  to  it  duly  paid  by  tlie  insured  under  this  policy,  to  wit : 

and  of  the premium  of dollars  and cents,  to  be  paid 

on  or  before  the day  of in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of 

this  policy,  doth  insure  the  life  of of in  the of 

. . .  .and  state  of in  the  amount  of dollars,  for  the  term  of  his  nat- 
ural life. 

And  the  said  company  doth  hereby  promise  and  agree  to  pav  the  amount  of  the  said 
Insurance,  at  its  oiHce  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  in  sixty  days  after  due  notice  and  proof 
of  the  death  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  of  the  said  person  whose  life  is  hereby 
insnred  as  above,  first  deducting  therefrom  the  balance  of  tne  yearns  premium,  if  any, 
and  any  other  indebtedness  to  this  company  on  account  of  this  policy,  to. 

And  the  said  company  doth  further  agree,  that  if  after  due  pavment  of  the  premiums 
above  mentioned  for  three  full  years  this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine  by  default  in 
the  pavment  of  any  subsequent  premium  when  due,  then  this  company  will  grant  a  non- 
i)articipating  paid-up  policy,  payable  as  above,  for  an  amount  to  be  determined  as  fol- 
lows :  from  the  net  reserve  on  this  policy,  determined  according  to  the  American  expe- 
rience table  of  mortality,  and  4^  per  cent,  compound  interest,  mere  shall  be  deducted 
any  indebtedness  to  this  company  on  account  of  this  policy,  and  the  remainder  of  said 
rcHcrve  shall  be  used  as  a  single  premium  for  paid-up  msurancc,  at  the  then  present  age 
of  tlie  person  whose  life  is  hereby  insured,  according  to  the  published  single  premium 
tables  of  this  company.  Provided ^  that  this  V^Hcy  shall  be  released,  and  surrendered  to, 
and  received  by  this  company,  and  written  application  made  for  such  paid-up  policy  dur- 
in<;  the  lifetime  of  the  said  person  whose  lire  is  hereby  insured,  and  within  six  months 
after  the  time  when  default  in  the  payment  of  premium  hereon  shall  first  be  made. 

This  policy  is  issued  and  accepted  by  the  insured  upon  and  subject  to  the  conditions 
and  agreements  printed  on  the  oiick  of  this  policy,  which  are  hereby  referred  to  and 
made  part  hereof  as  fully  as  if  they  were  recited  at  length  over  the  signatures  hereto 
nfHxea. 

CondiCions  and  AgreemenU  R^f erred  to  in  this  Policy. 

That  the  contract  between  this  company  and  the  insured  Is  wholly  expressed  and 
contained  In  this  policy  and  in  the  application  therefor,  which  is  a  part  o'f  said  contract ; 
and  that  the  said  contract  is  wholly  void  unless  the  answers,  statements,  and  representa- 
tions made  in  the  »iid  application,  which  are  those  upon  the  faith  of  which  this  policy  is 
iHHiU'd,  a  copy  of  which  answers,  statements,  and  representations  is  hereto  annexed,  are 
in  all  respects  true,  and  without  the  suppression  of  any  fact  relating  to  the  health,  habits, 
or  circumstances  of  the  person  whose  life  is  insured  by  this  policy,  affecting  the  interests 
of  this  company.  And  none  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  said  contract  can  be 
modified  and  no  forfeiture  thereof  waived  except  by  an  agreement  in  writing,  slgn^  by 
the  m-esident,  secretary,  or  actuary  of  this  company. 

That  the  premiums  on  this  policy  shall  be  paid  in  cash  on  or  before  the  days  named 
In  this  policy  for  the  payment  thereof,  at  the  oflice  of  this  company  in  the  city  of  Balti- 
more ;  out  payment  of  premium  will  be  accepted  elso^%'here,  provided  such  payment  be 
doly  made  In  exchange  for  the  company's  receipt,  si^ed  by  the  president,  secretary,  or 
actuary.  And  this  policy  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first  premium  thereon  shall  nave 
been  actually  paid  during  the  lifetime  of  the  person  whose  life  is  thereby  Insured  and 
while  he  is  in  good  health. 


10 


ogle 


846  Policy  Forhs,  LYfs. 

That  the  person  \vhof<e  life  iti  insared  by  this  policy  shall  not  without  the  conecDt  of 
the  company  prc'vionnly  obtained  in  writing,  travel  or  reside  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
United  States,  Canada,  or  Bnrope  ;  or  enter  anv  region  within  those  limits  in  which  yel- 
low fever  or  cholera  may  be  at  the  time  prevailing  as  an  epidemic  ;  or  enter  upon  a  Toy- 
age  npon  the  high  seas,  except  as  a  passenger  npon  first-class  soling  or  steamships  ooMt- 
wise  between  porU*  of  the  United  States  or  to  and  from  Canada  and  Europe. 

That  the  ix'mon  whose  life  is  insured  by  this  policy  shall  not,  without  the  consent  of 
this  company  previously  obtained  in  writing,  personally  engage  in  blasting,  mining,  sab- 
madne,  or  aeronautic  operations,  or  in  the  manufacture  or  transportation  of  bigfaij  in- 
flammablc  or  explosive  substances,  or  in  service  on  a  steam  or  sailing  yessd,  or  aponany 
railway  train,  or  in  switching  or  coupling  cars,  or  in  army  or  naval  service  in  dme  of 
war. 

In  case  of  the  violation  of  any  of  the  conditions  npon  which  this  policy  is  Issood  and 
accepted  by  the  insured,  or  in  case  the  person  whose  life  is  insured  by  this  policy  afaaU 
die  by  his  own  hand  or  act,  whether  sane  or  insane,  or  in  or  in  consequence  of  a  dad,  or  of 
the  excessive  use  of  alcoholic  or  narcotic  stlmolants,  or  of  the  violation  of  the  laws  of 
any  nation,  state  or  province,  then,  and  in  every  such  case,  this  policy  shall  be  null  and 
void.  And  in  every  case  when  this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine  (excepting  only  in 
the  case  of  surrender  of  policy,  as  therein  provided),  or  become  or  be  null  and  void,  all 
payments  made  thereon  shall  be  forfeited  to  this  company.  Provided,  AotMver.  that  in 
case  the  said  person  whose  life  is  insured  by  this  policy  shall  die  by  his  own  hand,  or  act, 
during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  then  this  company  will  pay  in  form  and  manner 
as  therein  provided,  upon  the  surrender  of  this  policv,  the  unount  of  the  net  leamie 
upon  this  policy,  at  the  time  of  the  death  so  occurring,  determined  according  to  tiie 
American  experience  table  of  mortality,  and  4^  per  cent  compound  interest,  mat  de- 
ducting therefrom  any  indebtedness  to  this  company  on  account  of  this  policy. 

And  this  company  reserves  the  right,  in  case  the  person  whose  life  is  insured  by  this 
policy  shall  become  habitually  intemperate,  or  so  far  intemperate  as  to  Impair  health  or 
induce  delirium  tremens,  to  revoke  this  policy  during  the  lifetime  of  the  said  pcreom 
whose  life  is  insured  by  this  policy  and  cancel  the  insurance  thereunder:  and  npon  soch 
revocation  and  cancellation,  this  company  shall  be  absolved  from  all  liability  nnder  this 
policy,  except  that  it  will  upon  the  surrender  of  this  policv,  duly  receipted,  during  the 
lifetime  of  tlie  person  whose  life  is  thereby  insured,  ana  vpithm  one  year  rrom  the  date  of 
such  cancellation,  pay  the  amount  of  the  net  reserve  upon  this  policy  at  the  time  of  snch 
cancellation,  determined  as  above  described. 

This  company  will  not  notice  any  assignment  of  this  policy  until  the  origiiud,  or  a 
duplicate,  or  a  certified  copy  thereof  shall  be  filed  in  the  company ^s  office  in  ndtimore ; 
and  due  proof  of  interest  on  the  part  of  the  assignee  must  be  submitted  with  the  proofs 
of  death.  This  company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  validity  of  any  as^ 
signmeut. 

Semi-endowment  Bond.  This  is  an  insurance  policy  in  case  of  death 
before  the  endowment  period  : 

Should  the  person  upon  whose  life  this  bond  is  issued  be  liying  at  the  date  of  the 
maturity  thereof,  and  so  request  in  writing,  the  payment  of  the  pnncipal  sum  herein 

f)rovidud  to  be  paid  on  that  date  if  he  be  then  living,  may  be  deferred  during  his  lifettme;. 
n  which  case  tue  company  wiU  guarantee  an  annual  income  thereon  and  merefrom  for 
the  life  of  such  person,  which  shall  be  equal  to  8^  per  cent  upon  the  said  principal  earn, 
the  payment  of  which  Is  so  deferred  ana  the  surplus  apportioned  to  the  oond  shall  in 
that  case  be  drawn  as  cash.  If  the  proceeds  of  the  bond  are  neither  withdrawn  in  cash 
nor  continued  at  interest  the  entire  value  of  the  bond  and  surplus  apportioned  thereto 
may  be  converted  by  agreement  in  writing  into  an  annuity  for  the  life  of  such  person,  or 
may,  subject  to  a  satisfactory  certificate  of  good  health,  be  converted  into  a  paid-ap  po)> 
icy  of  life  insurance  on  the  life  of  such  person  to  tiie  extent  permitted  by  the  then  exiitt- 
Ing  rules  of  the  company. 

The  application  states  that : 

It  is  understood  and  agreed,  that  if  the  insurance  for  which  application  is  herein- 
above made  to  the  Maryland  Life  insurance  company  of  Baltimore  be  granted  by  the 
company,  it  will  be  accepted  subject  to  all  the  restrictions  and  stipiUations  contained  in 
the  policy,  and  that  in  any  distribution  of  surplus  the  principles  and  methods  which  mar 
be  adopted  by  the  company  for  such  distribution,  and  its  determination  of  the  amount 
equitably  belonging  to  such  policy,  shall  be  and  are  hereby  ratified  and  accepted  by  and 
for  every  person  wbo  shall  have  or  claim  any  interest  under  the  contract  now  proporad. 
And  it  is  further  understood  and  agreed,  that  any  such  contract  of  insurance  contained 
in  such  policy,  and  in  the  questions  and  answers  in  this  application  taken  together,  shall 
be  deemed  and  taken  to  be  in  all  particulars  a  contract  made  by  the  parties  thereto  nnder 
the  laws  of  the  state  of  Maryland,  and  that  the  place  of  the  contract  is  the  prlndua 
office  of  the  said  company  in  the  city  of  Baltimore. 


Policy  Fobhb,  Life.  847 

MA88ACHU8BTTt  Bekefit  Absociatiok.  This  assooiation  issues 
"  ordinary  life  "  aud  term  policies. 

Ordinary  Life.  The  Maseachiuictts  Benefit  Association  of  Boeton,  Masn.,  in  con- 
nderatlon  or  the  pa>7nent  of dollare  in  accordance  with  the an- 
nual rate  aB  per  table  on  the  back  hereof  by of county  of 

»tate  of the  receipt  of  which  is  hereby  acknowledged,  and  the  agreement  on 

the  part  of  the  said to  accept  the  following  condiUons  and  roles  as  a  part  of 

ttus  contract  between  said  asflociatiou  and  himself,  hereby  constitutes  the  said 

a  benefit  member  of  said  association,  and  agrees  to  pay,  subject  to  the  conditions  on  the 
second  page  of  this  policy,  in  ninety  days  after  acceptance  of  satisfactory  evidence  to  said 
aModauon  of  the  desxh  of  said  membo',  and  proof  of  a  valid  claim  under  this  contract, 

to ,". 

if  living ;  if  not,  to  the  executors  or  administrators  of  said  member,  in  trust,  however, 
for  and  forthwith  to  be  paid  over  to  Ids  heirs-at-law,  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  event  of  «aid  member  becoming  totally  and  permanently  disabled,  and  the  de- 
termining of  snch  disability  by  the  medical  director  and  board  of  directors  of  said  as- 
sociation, there  sliall  be  paid  to  said  member,  at  the  option  of  said  board,  if  he  shall  so 
request  in  writing  at  any  time  while  this  policy  is  in  full  force,  upon  the  surrender  to  said 
association  of  this  policy  and  the  cancellation  of  the  same,  in  full  disdiarge  and  settle- 
ment of  all  claims  under  this  contract,  the  sum  of  $500. 

The  conditions  and  rules  upon  which  this  policy  is  issued  by  the  as- 
sociation, and  accepted  by  the  member,  are  : 

First.  Tliat  the  statements  and  declarations  made  by  and  on  behalf  of  said  member 
in  Wb  application  to  become  a  benefit  member  of  said  association,  which  are  hereby  re- 
ferred to  as  the  basis  of  this  contract,  and  are  a  part  hereof,  and  on  the  faith  of  which 
this  policy  is  issued,  and  every  renewal  hereof  is  made,  are  warranted  to  be  in  all  respects 
tme,  and  that  no  fact  has  been  omitted  relating  to  the  warranties. 

Second.  Each  applicant  to  become  a  member  must  sign  the  association's  form  of 
application  therefor,  filled  out  by  himself  or  some  one  on  his  behalf,  and  pass  a  satlsfac- 
torv  examination  by  one  of  the  association's  regularly  appointed  medical  examiners. 
This  policy  shall  not  become  operative,  so  as  to  bind  the  association,  until  the  first  pay- 
ment is  made  thereon  and  the  policy  is  actually  delivered  to  the  member  herein  named, 
daring  his  lifetime  and  wliile  in  good  health.  No  agent  of  this  associatfon  is  authorized 
to  make,  fill  up,  or  alter  any  such  application ;  in  doing  any  snch  act  he  is  to  be  taken 
and  consideruu  as  the  agent  of  the  applicant  and  not  of  the  association. 

Third.  This  policy  is  incontcftable  after  three  years  from  its  date,  provided  three 
full  yearly  pavments  have  been  made  upon  it,  except  tliat  error  in  the  age  of  the  Insured 
is  open  to  adjostment ;  and,  if  understated,  the  insured  will  be  entitled  only  to  the 
amount  of  insurance  which  the  sum  paid  would  have  purchased  at  his  correct  age  if  in- 
surable in  this  association. 

(a)  He  may,  at  any  time  after  one  year  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  if  one  full 
yearly  pavment  has  been  made,  apply  any  dividends,  which  shall  have  been  declared  by 
the  association,  to  the  payment  of  his  premiums. 

{b)  After  three  years  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  if  three  full  yearly  payments 
have  been  made  upon  it,  the  insured  may,  by  givme  the  association  thirty  days^  notice 
in  %n1ting  of  his  intention  so  to  do,  while  this  policy  is  in  full  force,  draw  any  dividends, 
which  shall  have  been  declared  by  the  association,  in  cash. 

(c)  He  may,  at  any  time  after  three  years  from  date  of  this  policy,  if  three  full 
yearly  payments  have  ocen  made  upon  it,  apply  any  dividends,  which  snail  have  been 
declared  by  the  association,  to  the  purchase  of  additional  insurance,  by  giving  the  as- 
eiociation  tSirty  days'  notice  in  writing  of  his  intention  so  to  do,  while  th&  policy  Is  in 
fall  force. 

(d)  He  may,  at  any  time  after  five  years  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  if  five  full 
yearly  payments  have  been  made  upon  the  same,  surrender  It  to  the  association,  provided 
it  ifl  m  full  force,  afid  receive  therefor  in  cash,  in  full  settlement  of  all  liability  of  the  as- 
sociation under  the  same,  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  net  amount  of  his  contribution  to  the 
emergency  or  snrplos  fund,  to  be  determined  by  the  association,  provided  he  shall  have 

e'ven  the  association  thirty  days'  notice.  In  writing,  while  his  policy  was  in  force,  of  his 
tention  so  to  surrender  it. 
(«)  When  the  insured  shall  reach  his  life-expectancy,  if  he  shall  have  maintained 
thia  policy  in  force  until  ihat  time,  he  may,  by  giving  thirty  days'  notice  in  writing  to 
the  asaocfiation,  while  this  policy  is  in  full  force,  of  his  intention  so  to  do,  surrender  it 
to  the  aaaociatioo,  and  receive  therefor,  in  cash,  his  net  contribution  to  the  emergency 
or  sorplus  fond,  together  with  his  equitable  proportion  of  all  accretions  thereto,  as  de- 
termined by  tlM  association. 


O" 


S4S  PoLiCT  Forms,  LifS. 

dajB'  notice,  in  writing;,  of  hia  d«8ire  so  to  do.  provided  this  policy  is  in  foil  force  and 
all  pftyments  tutve  been  made  thereon,  disconUnae  his  nayments  apon  the  same  and  an- 
ply  his  net  contribntion  to  the  emergency  and  snrplos  fund,  together  with  his  eqaftable 
proportion  of  all  accretions  thereto,  as  determinea  by  the  association,  to  the  mainUin- 
ing  of  his  policv,  or  any  part  of  it,  in  force,  until  such  credits  are  exhausted. 

Fourth.  If  any  payment  after  the  first  shall  not  be  received  as  required  by  the  t^me 
of  this  contract,  notice  of  such  failure  to  receive  shall  be  s«it  by  ref^stered  letter  to  the 
poetofilce  address  of  the  insured  appearing  upon  the  books  of  this  association,  provided 
said  member  shall  have  requested  such  notice  to  be  sent  in  his  application,  upon  which 
this  policv  Is  issued,  and  agreed  to  pay  therefor  the  sum  of  fifty  oenta.  In  such  case  the 
policy  will  not  be  cancelled  if  such  pajrroent  is  received  at  the  Home  office  of  th€  associ- 
ation within  fourteen  days  from  the  date  of  such  registered  letter. 

Fifth.  The  death-claim  shall  be  payable,  subject  to  the  conditions  herein,  In  ninety 
days  after  acceptance  of  satisfactory  evidence  to  said  association  of  the  deotb  of  said 
member,  and  proof  of  a  valid  claim  under  this  contract— such  proof  tending  in  no  wny 
to  disprove  the  validity  of  said  claim.  Such  proof  shall  oompriBe  a  sworn  certificate  of 
the  attending  phvslcian,  claimant,  undertaker,  clergyman,  ana  some  diaintavsted  friend, 
on  and  in  accordance  with  the  blanlcs  furnished  bv  the  association,  and  each  other  in- 
formation as  the  association  shall  require,  and  no  officer  of  said  assoclatioa  is  aothoriced 
to  waive  any  requirement  of  this  clause.  No  suit  shall  be  brought  under  this  contract 
unless  commenced  within  one  year  from  the  termination  of  the  life  of  the  member  to 
whom  it  is  issued ;  it  beins  an  express  condition  hereof  that  all  rights  of  action  bere> 
under  are  limited  to  said  period  «f  one  vear.  It  is  further  expressly  agreed  that  the  place 
of  this  contract  is  the  Home  office  of  the  association  In  the  city  of  Boston,  and  this  con- 
tract shall  he  governed  by  and  construed  only  according  to  the  laws  of  the  state  of 
Massachusethi. 

wrii 

«t  ... 

issued  on  payment  to  the  association  of  the  sum  of  one  dollar,  or  such  change  may  be 
made  bv  indorsement  hereon  at  the  option  of  the  association.  The  issuing  of  a  new  pol- 
icy, as  herein  provided,  shall  cancel  and  render  this  policy  null  and  void. 

Seventh.  No  agent  of  the  association  is  authorised  to  make,  alter,  or  discharge  con- 
tracts, or  waive  forfeitures ;  and  any  such  act  to  be  valid  must  be  done  in  wriUng,  and 
signed  by  the  president  or  treasurer  of  the  association. 

Eighth.  I^is  contract  is  a  bi-monthly  term  insurance,  renewable  at  the  option  of 
the  member  before  expiration,  upon  payment  of  mortuary  premiums  and  dues  at  the 
times  and  in  the  manner  herein  provided.  The  insured  shall  pay  under  this  contract,  in 
advance,  at  the  office  of  the  aHSociation  in  Boston,  Mass.,  bi-monthly,  on  the  first  busi- 
ness day  of  January,  March,  Mav,  July,  September,  and  November,  of  each  and  every 
J  ear,  respectively,  the  sum  specified  in  the  table  of  rates  printed  on  the  back  hereof,  for 
is  age  at  entry,  unless  the  board  of  directors  shall  by  special  notice  require  a  dilferent 
amount,  and  in  such  case  the  call  may  be  based  upon  the  cnrrent  age  of  the  member. 
Payment  may  be  made  in  advance  in  accordance  with  the  annual,  seml-annnal,  or  qoar- 
terly  table,  and  when  so  made  shall  be  applied  to  the  bi-monthly  renewal  of  this  contract. 
The  exp(>nee  fund  after  the  first  year's  payment  shall  be  provided  for  as  follows,  riz. : 
Four  dollars  per  one  thousand  dollars  insured  of  the  money  so  received  shall  be  amao- 
priated  and  used  as  a  part  of  the  expense  fund,  and  not  exceeding  one-thirtieth  of  one 
I)er  cent,  bl-mnnthljr  on  the  amount  insured,  which  fund  is  at  the  sole  disposal  of  the 
officers  of  the  association,  and  the  balance  after  the  first  year  can  be  need  only  for  the 
payment  of  death  and  disability  claims,  and  for  the  emergency  fund.  Twentv-fiw  per 
cent,  of  all  suniD  paid  under  this  section  may  be  carried  to  the  emergency  f  una.  If  the 
payments  herein  provided  for  are  not  received  at  the  home  office  of  the' association  in 
Boston  witliin  thirty  davs  of  each  of  the  above-named  dates,  on  which  the  Insored  shaU 
elect  to  pay,  respectively,  such  non-payment  shall  be  accepted  and  taken  as  conclnstve 
evidence  that  the  partv  has  decided  to  terminate  his  connection  with  the  association, 
which  connection  shall  thereupon  terminate,  and  the  party's  contract  with  the  associa- 
tion shall  lapse  and  be  void,  and  ail  rights  thereunder  be  forfeited  to  the  aaaociatloa. 
unless  the  time  for  pavment  be  extended  under  the  provision  of  section  four,  if  tlie  mor- 
tality exix*ricnce  of  the  association  shall  require  any  variation  from  said  rates  in  any 
call,  due  notice  will  be  given,  but  the  association  assumes  no  obligation  to  give  any  other 
notice  of  payments  hereunder  except  as  provided  in  section  four.  Any  variation  in  ex- 
cess of  said  raien  may  l>e  taken  from  the  emergency  fund. 

Ninth.  Notice  of  any  mortuary  payment  or  call,  or  other  notice  to  the  memb^  to 
whom  this  contract  is  ii«sued,  mailed  to  the  iK>stofflcc  address  appearing  upon  the  books 
of  this  association,  shall  be  taken  and  deemed  to  be  a  sufficient  notice  under  this  con- 
tract, and  it  Is  agreed  that  the  affidavit  of  the  treasurer  of  the  association,  for  the  time 
being,  that  any  notice  was  so  addressed  and  mailed  according  to  the  nsoal  ooone  of 


Policy  Forms,  Life.  840 

J  of  the  aaaociAtioii,  shall  be  admitted  and  received  as  evidence ;  and  such  affi- 
davit shall  be,  constitute,  and  be  deemed  and  held  to  be,  full,  complete,  and  conclusive 
proof  that  such  notice  has  been  so  addressed  and  mailed  to  said  member  in  any  suit 
Drought  under  this  contract,  and  every  person  accepting,  acquiring,  or  claiming  any  In- 
terest or  right  hereunder  is  hereby  estopped  from  denying  the  sufficiency  of  said  affidavit 
to  establish  beyond  controversy,  In  any  court,  the  facts  therein  contained. 

Tenth.  Death  of  the  insured  while  engaged  in  any  military  or  naval  service  except 
in  time  of  peace,  or  in  voyages  upon  the  high  seas,  as  an  occupation,  except  as  master 
mariner,  or  in  blastine,  mining,  or  submarine  operations,  or  in  the  production  or  man- 
nfactore  of  highly  innammable  or  explosive  substances,  or  as  railroad  yardman,  or  fire- 
man on  locomotive,  or  brakeman  on  freight  trains,  or  in  or  In  consequence  of  a  duel,  or 
by  the  hands  of  justice,  or  In  the  violation  of,  or  attempt  to  violate,  any  criminal  law  of 
the  United  Statc»,  or  of  any  state  or  countrv  in  which  ne  may  be,  is  a  risk  not  contem- 
plated or  covered  by  this  contract,  and  against  which  this  association  does  not  insure. 

Eleventh.  Death  of  the  insured  in  consequence  of  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors  or 
narcotics,  or  by  his  own  hand  or  act,  whether  sane  or  insane,  whether  the  act  be  volun- 
tary or  involuntary,  iDiiAin  three  years  from  the  date  hereof,  is  a  risk  not  contemplated 
or  covered  by  this  contract,  and  against  which  this  association  does  not  Insure. 

Twelfth.  If  the  Insured  shall  fall  into  the  habit  of  becoming  Intoxicated,  or  Into  the 
habitual  use  of  narcotics,  or  shall  have  delirium  tremens  wiUttn  three  ytan  from  the 
date  hereof,  then  this  contract  shall  be  void,  and  In  such  event  the  insured  hereby  au- 
thoriasea  and  directs  this  association  to  cancel  this  contract  and  return  to  him  the  sum  of 
all  payments  made  hereon,  which  sum  he  agrees  to  accept  for  himself,  his  heirs,  or  as- 
signs, in  full  and  complete  settlement  of  all  liability  of  said  association  under  this  con- 
tract. 

Term  PoUcie^.  These  are  writtea  tpr  terms  of  five  and  ten  years, 
and  may  be  extended  for  additional  periods  of  ten  years  each,  at  the 
option  of  the  association,  provided  the  insured  shall  make  application 
for  such  an  extension  upon  blanks  to  be  furnished  by  the  association, 
'  not  less  than  sixty  days  before  the  expiration  of  the  first  or  any  ad- 
ditional period  of  ten  years;  and  provided  further,  that  the  insured 
shall  pay  at  the  times  specified,  the  rate  of  premium  given  In  the  table 
for  the  age  attained  by  him  at  the  date  of  each  extension. 

The  application  reads : 

I  do  hereby  warrant  that  each  and  all  the  particulars  and  statements  contained  in  this 
application  for  insurance  are  tnie,  complete,  and  full ;  and  I  do  hereby  acknowledge, 
consent,  and  agree  that  any  untrue  statement  made  herein,  by  me  or  on  my  behalf,  ur 
to  any  medical  examiner,  whether  written  by  my  own  hand  or  not,  or  any  concealment 
of  facts  by  me  or  any  one  else,  shall  forfeit  and  cancel  all  rights  to  any  benefit  under  the 
above-named  contract ;  and  i  hereby  expressly  waive  any  and  all  provisions  of  law  now 
existing,  or  that  may  hereafter  exii<t,  preventmg  any  physician  from  disclosing  any  in- 
formation acquired  in  attending  me  In  a  professional  capacity  pr  otherwise,  or  rendering 
him  incompetent  to  testify  as  a  witness  in  any  way  whatever.  I  agree  that  an  aflldavil 
of  the  treasurer  of  the  said  association,  that  notice  of  a  payment  oue  or  to  become  due 
has  been  addressed  to  me  at  the  post-office  address  appearing  on  the  books  of  the  as- 
sociation, and  that  the  same  has  been  mailed  according  to  the  usual  course  of  business 
of  said  association,  shall  be  admitted  as  evidence,  andtaken  to  be  and  constitute  con- 
clusive proof  of  the  sending  of  such  notice  In  any  and  all  suits  brought  on  said  certifi- 
cate or  policy. 

MAsaACHUSETTS  MuTDAL  LiFB  Insuhancb  Compant.  Ordinary 
Life  B)licy, 

The  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  hereby  insures  the  life  of 

of county  of state  of in  the  sum  of dollars, 

and  promises  to  pay  said  sum  at  its  home  office,  to executors,  administrators. 

or  assigns ujwn  receipt  at  its  said  office  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of 

the  person  whose  life  is  hereby  msnred  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  provided 
the  annual  premium  of dollars  Is  paid  each  year,  in  advance,  during  the  life- 
time of  the  insured,  as  follows: on  or  before  tbe day  of 

Hubiect,  however,  to  the  conditions,  provisiojis,  retiuirptiunte,  and  Ijcncflts  stated  on  the 
iMicK  hereof. 

This  policy  shall  be  incontestable  after  two  years  from  the  day  of  its  issue,  provided 
the  application  upon  which  it  is  issued  contains  no  intentional  minittatcment,  and  pro- 
vid<M  the  provisions  hereof  as  to  payments  of  premium  and  hi*  to  nilliiary  and  naval  ser- 


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850  Policy  Forms,  Lifb. 

rice  are  complied  with:  eabject,  however,  to  adjastment  for  error  In  age,  if  any,  as 
stated  on  the  liack  hereof. 

In  witneM  whereof,  the  said  company  has.  by  its  prerident  and  secretary,  ezecatcd 

this  contract  at  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  this day  of one  thousand  dgbt 

himdred  and  ninety. . . . 

Oonditiofu^  ProvMoru^  BequirenufUs,  and  Benefit*, 

Each  preminm  is  due  and  payable  at  the  home  oflloe  of  the  company,  bat  payment 
will  be  accepted  elsewhere  when  diilT  made  in  exchange  for  the  oompany^s  receipt  signed 
by  the  president  or  secretary.  Notice  is  given  and  accepted  by  the  delivery  and  ac- 
ceptance of  this  policy,  that  each  and  everr  such  payment  is  due  at  the  date  named  In 
the  policy,  and  any  further  notice  required  by  any  statute  is  expressly  waived.  That 
part  of  the  annual  premium,  if  anv,  which  remains  unpaid  and  not  yet  due  at  the  maturity 
of  this  contract,  and  any  obligation  given  for  premium,  with  interest  thereon,  sliall  be 
deducted  from  the  amount  of  the  clum.  If  this  policy  shall  become  void  by  reason  of 
violation  of  its  conditions,  or  by  non-payment  of  premium,  or  interest  on  any  preminm 
obligation,  all  payments  previously  made  shall  oe  forfeited  to  the  company,  and  no 
claim  shall  exist  under  it  except  such,  if  any.  as  is  impoMd  by  the  laws  of  the  common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts.  No  insurance  sh^I  take  efiect  under  this  poUcy  until  the  first 
premium  is  paid  during  the  lifetime  and  continued  good  liealth  of  the  person  proposed 
for  insurance. 

Without  the  written  consent  of  the  president  or  eecretarv  of  the  company  the  bisazed 
shall  not,  during  the  first  two  years  of  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  travel  or  rende 
elsewhere  than  m  the  United  States  of  America,  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  Snropf, 
nor  during  said  first  two  years  engage  in  blasting,  minins,  subterranean  or  sobmanne 
lal>or,  the  manufacture  of  transportaUon  of  gunpowder,  nitro-glycerine,  or  other  explo- 
sive material,  nor  in  service  upon  any  railroad  train,  steamboat  or  other  vessel  or  boat ; 
nor,  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  engage  in  military  or  naval  service  of  any 
kind  in  time  of  war ;  provided^  that  after  this  policy  has  been  in  force  two  full  years,  all 
restrictions  upon  residence  and  travel,  and  upon  occupation  or  cmplovmenl,  except 
military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war,  shall  be  (and  are  hereby)  removed. 

If  the  insured  shall  die  by  his  (or  her)  own  hand  or  act,  sane  or  insane,  at  any  time 
during  the  first  two  years  of  the  continuance  of  this  contract,  the  company  shall  be  liable 
only  n>r  the  net  reserve  held  against  this  policy,  reckoned  according  to  the  lesal  standard 
of  Massachusetts.  This  policy  will  not  be  contested  on  account  of  suicide  occurring 
after  two  years  from  its  date. 

This  policy  will  be  entitled  to  share  in  such  distributions  of  Burplus  funds  as  the 
company  may  from  time  to  time  make,  according  to  the  methods  ana  rules  adopted  by 
the  directors ;  provided,  ttuit  in  case  this  policy  snail  become  paid-up  for  anv  amount 
less  than  one  hundred  dollars  it  nliall  not  be  entitled  to  share  in  any  such  distribution. 

In  case  of  death  no  claim  nhall  exist  under  this  policy  unless  proof  of  the  death  is 
furnished  to  the  company,  in  such  form  as  it  shall  require,  at  Ita  said  ofllce,  within  tiio 
years  after  the  death  of  the  insured,  and  no  action  stuill  be  brought  under  this  contract 
after  two  years  from  the  time  when  the  right  of  action  accrues.  Proofs  of  age  will  be 
required  with  proofs  of  claim,  and  any  error  made  in  stating  the  age  of  the  insured  in 
the  application  for  this  policy  will  be  adjusted  in  the  settlement  of  the  claim  by  payment 
of  the  amount  of  insurance  which  the  premium  paid  would  have  purchased  at  the  com- 
pany's rates,  at  the  true  age  of  the  insured. 

No  ageut  has  power  on  behalf  of  the  company  to  make  or  modify  this  or  any  con- 
tract of  insurance,  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  a  premium,  nor  to  bmd  the  companj 
by  making  any  promise,  or  by  receiving  any  representation  or  information  not  con- 
tained in  the  application  for  this  policy. 


The  company  declines  to  notice  any  assignment  of  this  policy,  imtll  the  original  or 
a  duplicate  or  certified  copy  thereof  shall  be  filed  in  the  company^s  home  office.  The 
company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  validity  of  an  assignment. 


The  company  also  issues  limited  papmeni  Itfe  and  endmoment  policies, 
using  the  same  form  except  for  necessary  changes.  All  policies  are 
subject  to  the  Massachusetts  non-forfeiture  law. 

Hetbopolitan  Life.  This  company  issued  "ordinary  life/'  "re- 
turn premium,"  "  increasing  insurance/'  "  term  expectation/'  "endow- 
ment/' "  endowment  with  mortuary  additions/'  and  industrial  polici^ 

Ordinary  Life.  Metropolitan  Life  insurance  company  in  consideration  of  iht 
answers  and  statements  contained  in  the  printed  and  written  application  for  this  poller 
upon  the  life  of of .county  of state  of here- 
inafter culled  the  insiu-ed,  all  of  which  anKwers  and  statements  arc  hereby  made  war- 
ranties and  arc  hereby  made  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  payment  of  toe  


PoLicT  Forms,  Life.  351 

annuo]  premium  of dollars  and cents,  on  or  before  the  delivery 

of  this  policy,  and  of  a  like  amount  on  or  before  the day  of of 

each  ana  everV  year  during  the  life  of  the  insured,  doth  hereby  agree,  snbject  to  the 
conditions  set  forth  on  the  reverse  side  hereof,  each  and  all  of  which  are  hereby  made 
part  of  this  contract,  and  are  accepted  by  the  insured  and  assured  as  part  thereof  as  fully 

as  if  herein  recited,  to  pay  at  its  home  office,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  the  sum  of 

dollara,  to herein  called  the  assured,  if  living,  otherwise  to  the  legal  repre- 

sentatives  of  the  insured,  upon  the  receipt  bv  the  company  at  its  home  office  and  its 
approval  of  the  proofs  of  death  of  the  insured  made  in  the  manner,  to  the  extent  and 
upon  the  blanks  required  by  condition  nine,  and  upon  the  surrender  of  this  policy. 

OonditUtM.—  This  Policy  it  luued  and  Accepted  upon  the  fottotoina  Conditions, 
which  are  rtferrtd  toon  the  Face qf  this  PoUcy  as  part  of  this  Contract. 

First.  No  obligation  is  assumed  by  this  company  upon  this  policy  until  the  Arst 
premium  has  been  paid,  nor  prior  to  the  date  of  the  policy,  nor  unless  upon  said  date 
the  insured  is  alive  and  in  sound  health. 

Second.  The  company  shall  be  released  ftom  all  liability  under  this  policy  if  the 
insured  shall  hereafter,  without  written  permission  from  this  company,  signed  by  one 
of  the  officers  designated  in  condition  eleven,  engage  in  blasting,  mining,  or  in  any'busi- 
nesB  involving  the  manufacture  or  liandling  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  or 
be  connected  with  the  operation  of  or  service  upon  steam  railroaas  or  sailine  or  steam 
yeseels,  or  engage  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  any  kind  except  the  militia  when 
not  in  active  service,  or  be  engaged  in  or  connected  in  any  manner  with  the  manufac- 
ture or  sale  of  ale.  beer,  wine,  or  liquor,  unless  so  engaged  at  the  date  hereof  and  so 
stated  in  the  application.  The  company  shall  also  be  released  from  liability  if  the  in- 
iMired  shall  liave  delirium  tremens  or  become  so  intemperate  as  to  impair  his  health,  or 
be  convicted  of  a  felony.  If  during  the  continuance  of  the  policy  the  company  shall 
discover  that  the  insured  is  habitually  Intemperate  or  has  had  delirium  tremenH,  or  has 
been  convicted  of  a  felony,  it  shall  have  the  right  to  cancel  this  policy  and  issue  in  lieu 
thereof  such  a  paid-up  policy  as  is  provided  in  condition  seven  in  case  of  default  of 
premiums. 

Tliird.  The  liability  of  the  company  does  not  cover  death  by  self-destruction 
within  three  years  from  the  date  hereof  whether  the  insured  be  sane  or  insane ;  nor 
death  by  or  in  conseauence  of  a  violation  of  law ;  nor  from  any  accident  sustained  or 
injuries  received  while  in  a  state  of  intoxication,  nor  from  any  disease  produced  by  or 
resulting  from  the  habitual  use  of  alcoholic  stimulantB.  But  as  an  act  of  grace  the 
company  will,  in  case  of  death  within  three  years  from  the  date  hereof  by  sclrdeetnic- 
tion,  whether  sane  or  insane,  pav  to  the  assured  the  amount  of  the  premiums  which 
have  liecn  received  upon  this  policy  ;  but  no  greater  amount  will  be  paid. 

Fourth.  If  any  statement  contained  in  Uie  printed  and  written  application  herein 
referred  to  be  not  true,  or  if  any  of  these  conditions  be  in  any  respect  not  obser\ed,  or 
if  any  erasure  or  alteration  shall  be  made  in  this  policy  except  by  endorsement  signed 
by  one  of  the  officers  designated  in  condition  eleven,  or  if  any  premium  or  installment 
of  premium  upon  this  policy  shall  not  be  paid  on  or  before  the  (fate  it  becomes  due,  this 
policy  shall  thereupon  oe  and  become  void  and  all  premiums  paid  thereon  sliall  be  for- 
feited to  the  company  except  as  provided  in  conditions  three  and  seven. 

Fifth.  In  no  case  will  the  amount  of  insurance  payable  under  this  policy  at  its 
maturity  be  more  than  the  premium  charged  will  purchase  by  the  company's  rates  in 
nse  at  the  date  hereof  for  tne  true  age  of  the  insured ;  and  proofs  of  age  may  be  re- 
qnired  with  proofs  of  claim  thereuntter. 

Sixth.  The  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  In  the  city  of  New 
York,  but  at  the  pleasure  of  the  company  suitable  persons  may  be  authorized  to  receive 
such  pa>ments  at  other  places,  but  only  upon  the  production  of  the  company's  receipt 
therefor  signed  by  the  president  or  secretary,  countersigned  bv  the  person  receiving  the 
r»3rments.  Notice  that  each  and  every  premium  is  due  at  the  dates  named  in  the  policy, 
£s  given  and  accepted  by  the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  and  any  further 
notice  required  by  anv  statute  is  hereby  expressly  waived.  All  premiums  are  considered 
payable  annually  in  advance ;  when  a  premium  is  made  payable  in  semi-annual  or  quar- 
terly installments,  that  part  of  a  year's  premium,  if  any,  which  remains  unpaid  at  the 
maturity  of  the  polity  shall  be  regarded  as  an  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account 
«of  this  policy  and  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  thereof. 

Seventh.  After  premiums  have  been  paid  npou  this  policy  for  not  letM  than  three 
complete  years,  if  the  policy  shall  thereafter  become  void  in  consequence  of  default  in 
the  payment  of  any  premium  or  installment  of  premium,  and  if  within  six  months  after 
the  aeianlt  of  and  avoidance  the  insured  and  assured  shall  surrender  this  policy  to  the 
company  with  a  request  for  a  paid-up  policy,  the  company  will  thereupon  issue  in  lieu 
of  this  policy  a  new  paid-up  policy,  upon  winch  no  further  payment  of  premiums  shall 
be  required,  payable  at  the  death  of  the  insured  without  participation  in  profits,  for  the 


ioogle 


853  Policy  Forms,  Lifb. 

entire  amount  which  the  fall  reaerve  on  this  policy  according  to  the  present  legal  stand- 
ard of  the  state  of  New  York,  after  deducting  therefrom  any  indehtedness  to  the  < 


pany,  will  then  purchase  as  a  single  premiam,  calculated  by  the  r^olar  table  for  sin^e 
premiam  policies  now  published  ana  in  use  by  the  company,  taking  the  age  of  insured 
at  the  date  of  default. 

Klghth.  If  this  policy  be  assigned,  the  assignment  must  be  made  upon  forms  fur- 
nished and  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the  company,  and  the  assignment  attached  to 
this  policy,  and  a  duplicate  thereof  furnished  the  company ;  but  in  no  case  does  the 
company  guarantee  the  validity  of  the  assignment,  and  any  claim  against  the  company 
arising  under  this  policy  made  by  an  ass^ce  shall  be  subject  to  proofs  of  insurable 
interest  in  the  insured. 

Ninth.  Proofs  of  death  under  this  policy  shall  be  made  to  the  home  office  npon 
blanks  to  be  furnished  by  the  company,  and  the  proofs  shall  contain  answers  to  each 


and  every  question  propounded  In  said  blanks  to  the  claimant,  physicians  and  other 
persons  to  whom  such  questions  shall  be  propounded,  and  shall  further  contain  tbe 
record  and  verdict  of  any  coroner's  inquest,  if  one  be  held. 

Tenth.  It  is  expressW  agreed  that  this  policy  is  a  contract  made  and  is  to  be  exe- 
cuted in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  shall  be  constnied  only  according  to  the  laws  of  tbe 
state  of  New  York  ;  any  action  at  law,  or  suit,  or  proceeding  in  equity  upon  tliis  con- 
tract shall  be  ffoverned  and  construed  only  by  the  laws  of  said  state ;  and  sach  action, 
suit,  or  proceeding  shall  be  brought  and  prosecuted  only  in  the  courts  of  said  state  or  in 
the  district  or  circuit  court  of  the  United  States.  No  suit  shall  be  brought  nor  action 
commenced  against  the  company  under  this  policy  until  thirty  days  shall  have  ejcpixvd 
after  the  filing  at  the  home  office  of  proofs  of  death  upon  all  the  forms  furnished  by  the 
company,  including  the  record  and  verdict  of  the  coroner's  inquest,  if  one  shall  have 
been  held ;  nor  after  t^o  years  from  tbe  date  of  the  death  of  the  insured ;  and  it  i»  ex« 
pressly  agreed  that  if  such  suit  or  action  be  commenced  after  said  two  years  the  lapee  of 
time  snail  be  taken  to  be  conclusive  evidence  against  any  claim,  the  provisions  of  any 
and  all  statutes  of  limitation  to  the  contrary  being  hereby  expressly  waived.  The  proofed  of 
death  shall  be  evidence  of  the  fact  therein  stated  in  behalf  of  but  not  againet  the 
company. 

Eleventh.  The  contract  between  the  parties  hereto  is  completely  set  forth  in  this 
policy  and  the  application  therefor  taken  together,  and  none  of  its  terms  can  be  varied 


or  modified,  nor  any  forfeiture  waived  or  premium  in  arrears  received,  except  br 

agreement  in  writing  signed  by  one  of  the  following  officers,  namely :  the  preside. 

vice-president,  secretary,  assistant  secretary,  and  actuary,  whose  authority  for  thia  pur- 


pose will  not  be  delegated  :  no  other  person  has  or  will  be  given  authority. 

Twelfth.  This  policy  is  not  entitled  to  participate  in  the  profits  or  divisible  sorplns 
of  the  company. 

The  other  forms  are  similar  to  the  oniinarj  life  except  in  the  nec- 
essary changes.  The  return  premium  uolicj  pays  the  face  of  the 
policy  and  returns  all  premiums  paid.  The  increanng  imuranee  policy 
eives,  in  addition  to  the  face  oi  the  policy  "one  tenth  part  thereof 
for  each  and  every  completed  period  of  five  years  from  the  date  "  of 
issue.  The  term  policy  for  expectation  of  itfeiBti  policy  expiring  at  the 
end  of  one's  expectation  of  life.  The  peculiarity  of  the  endotemeni 
toi^  mortuary  addiiions  is  best  expressed  in  the  language  of  the  policy. 
The  endowment  is  made  payable  to  the  assured,  if  living,  otherwise  to 
the  legal  representatives  of  the  insured,  upon  the  receipt  by  the  com- 
pany at  its  home  office  and  its  approval  of  the  proofs  of  death  of  the 
insured  made  in  the  manner,  to  the  extent,  and  upon  the  blanks 
required  by  condition  nine,  and  upon  the  surrender  of  this  policy  the 

above-mentioned  sum,  and  in  addition  thereto  one part  of  said 

sum  for  each  and  every  year  this  policy  shall  have  continued  in  force 
at  the  date  of  deatli  of  the  insured,  the  policy  year  in  which  death  shall 
occur  being  counted  in  calculating  the  addition  aforesaid. 

It  is  expressly  understood  that  the  additional  sums  herein  provided 
for  shall  be  payable  only  in  the  event  of  death  of  the  insured  before 
the  date  fixed  herein  for  the  endowment  to  accrue. 

These  policies  are  all  non-participating.  The  application  contains 
the  following  warranty . 


Digitized  by 


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Policy  Fobmb^  Lifb. 


858 


It  is  asreed  and  warranted  that  this  application  has  been  made,  prepared,  and 
written  bv  me  applicant  or  by  his  own  proper  agent,  and  that  the  company  is  not  to  be 
taken  to  be  responsible  for  its  preparation  or  for  anything  contained  therein  or  omitted 
therefrom.  And  the  nndersisned  nereby  declares  and  warrants  that  the  representations 
and  answers  made  above  and  on  the  other  side  of  this  sheet,  are  strictly  correct  and 
wholly  tme;  that  they  shall  form  the  basis  and  become  part  of  the  contract  of  insurance 
(if  one  be  issued',  that  any  nntme  answers  will  render  the  policy  null  and  void,  and  that 
said  contract  shall  not  be  binding  upon  the  company  unless  upon  its  date  and  delivery 
the  insared  be  alive  and  in  sound  nealth.  The  undersigned  further  agrees  to  be  governed 
by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Metropolitan  Life  insnranoe  company,  as  tney  now 
exist,  or  may  hereafter  be  altered  or  amended.  The  provisions  of  section  88  of  chap. 
690  of  the  laws  of  New  York,  passed  May  18,  1892,  known  as  the  insurance  law,  are 
hereby  waived.  The  provisions  of  section  884  of  the  code  of  civil  procedure  of  the  state 
of  New  York,  and  of  similar  provisions  in  the  laws  of  other  states  are  hereby  waived; 
and  it  is  expressly  consented  and  stipulated,  that  in  any  suit  on  the  policy  herem  applied 
for  any  physician  who  has  attended,  or  may  hereafter  attend,  the  insured,  may  disclose 
any  information  acquired  by  him  in  anywise  affecting  the  declarations  and  warranties 
herein  made. 

Indutfrial  Policy.  The  Metropolitan  Life  insurance  company,  in  consideration  of 
the  printed  and  written  application  for  this  policy  and  of  the  statements  therein  con- 
tained, all  of  which  are  hereby  made  warranties,  and  are  hereby  made  part  of  this 
contract,  and  of  the  payment  to  the  company  on  or  before  the  date  hereof  of  the 
premium  mentioned  in  the  schedule  below,  ana  of  a  like  weekly  premium  to  be  paid 
on  or  l)efore  each  Monday  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  doth  hereby  agree, 
(mbject  to  the  conditions  set  forth  on  the  reverse  side  hereof,  each  and  all  of  which  are 
hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract  and  are  accepted  by  the  assured  as  part  thereof  as 
folly  as  if  herein  recited,  to  pay  to  one  of  the  persons  described  in  condition  fifth, 
upon  receipt  of  proofs  of  the  death  of  the  insured  made  in  the  manner,  to  the  extent, 
and  upon  the  blanks  required  by  condition  ninth,  the  amount  of  money  stipulated  in 
said  schedule  under  the  words  "  Amount  of  Insurance." 
Schedule  above  deferred  to* 

One-fourth  only  of  the  above  sum  payable  if  death  occur  after  three  calendar 
months  and  within  six  calendar  months  from  date;  one-half  only  of  the  above  sum  pay- 
able if  death  occur  after  six  calendar  months  and  within  one  ^ear;  and  the  full  amount 
only  if  death  occur  after  one  year,  except  in  case  of  consumption,  when  but  one-half  the 
amount  which  would  otherwise  be  due  will  be  payable  if  death  occur  during  the  first 
year.  No  sum  will  be  due  or  payable  if  death  occur  within  three  calendar  months  from 
«laie. 

Amount  of  insurance  —If  the  life  Insured  is  rated  under  18  years  of  age,  and  for 
each  five  cents  of  weekly  premium,  viz. :  For  6  cents  per  week  the  amounts  below  will 
be  paid.  For  10  cents  per  week  twice  the  amounts  below  will  be  paid.  For  fifteen  cents 
Ijer  week  three  times  the  amounts  below  will  be  paid.  For  20  cents  per  week  four 
times  the  amounts  below  will  be  paid.  Under  age  6  no  higher  premium  than  10  cents 
will  be  taken. 


Amount  payable  p 

rovided  death  occur 

after  8  aileudar  raonthn  liom  date  and 

ll 

after  this  Policy  has  been  in  force  for  the  following  period,  via.: 

Under 

One    Two 

Three  Four 

Flv. 

Six 

Seven 

Eight   Nine 

Ten 

Eleven 

^ 

lyear. 

year,  years. 

years,  years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years,  years. 

years. 

years. 

2 

15 

17 

20 

U        29 

35 

42 

50    '    CO        75 

95      115 

8 

17 

20 

24 

s:)       35 

42 

50 

60        75        U5 

115 

4 

20 

24 

29 

85 

42 

50 

60 

76        96       116 

5 

24 

29 

85    )    42 

50 

60 

75 

95       115    ' 

6 

29 

35 

42 

50 

60 

75 

95    1  115    1 

85 

42        60 

fiO 

75    :    95 

115 

1            1 

8 

42 

60 

60 

75        95 

115 

' 

9 

50 

60 

76 

9.5 

115 

!                1 

10 

80 

75 

05 

115 

1 

11 

75 

95 

115    ' 

IS 

95 

115    1           1 

1     1               ; 

When  the  amount  of  insurance,  according  u>  the  terms  of  this  tiible,  reaclie#«  *115 
<for  each  five  cents  of  weekly  premium),  it  will  continue  at  that  amount  during  the  life- 
time of  the  insared,  sabject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  this  policy.  ^  ^T  ^ 
16*                                                              .,_.., Ogle 


854  Policy  Formb,  Life. 

OonditioTis,— Wherever  in  thiB  policy  the  words  "  the  insured  "  are 
used,  reference  is  thereby  made  to  the  person  upon  whose  life  the 
policy  is  issued.  This  poficj  is  issued  and  accepted  upon  the  follow- 
ing conditions,  all  of  which  are  made  a  part  of  this  contract: 

^r»^— The  ineared  shall  not  engage  to  the  manufactore  of  inflammable  or 
ezplofilve  nubBtances,  or  in  the  militaiy  or  naval  servioe  (except  the  militia  when  not  In 
active  service),  or  be  connected  in  anv  capacity  with  the  ale,  wine  or  Uqaor  bosineBV,  nn- 
Ic88  so  specified  in  the  application  heretofore  referred  to,  or  nnlen  permission,  dtgaed 
by  the  preeident  or  secretary,  be  endorsed  on  this  policy. 

Second.— The  liability  of  said  company  shall  not  cover  death  by  the  hands  of  job- 
tice,  nor  as  a  consequence  of  or  while  engaged  in  any  Illegal  act.  If  the  insured  die  br 
his  or  her  own  hand  or  act  within  three  years  from  the  date  hereof— whether  the  inrared 
be  sane  or  insane  —  this  contract  of  insaranoe  shall  thereby  and  thereapon  become  void 
and  of  no  effect  Bat.  as  an  act  of  grace,  the  premiums  recei\-ed  will  be  paid  to  one  of 
the  persons  described  In  condition  fifth  herein;  bat  no  greater  amount  will  be  paid. 

Third.—  This  policy  shall  be  void  if  any  other  policy  on  the  life  of  the  insured  flbal] 
have  been  previously  issued  by  this  company  and  shall  be  in  force  at  the  date  hereof. 
unlesit  the  previous  policy  contains  an  endorsement,  signed  by  the  president  or  aecreCazy, 
that  this  policy  may  be  in  force  at  the  same  time.  If  the  insured  is  under  thirteen 
years  of  age,  and  is  now  or  may  hereafter  become  insured,  while  under  said  age,  in  tliis 
or  any  other  company  or  society,  and  the  total  premiums  on  such  Insurances  ebAU 
exceed  10  cents  per  week  for  ages  of  five  years  and  under,  or  90  cents  per  week  for  ai^i:ea 
between  6  and  18  years,  this  policy  will  thereupon  become  null  and  void. 

Fourth.— Tb\B  policy  and  all  the  receipt  books  containing  the  entries  of  pieml 

paid  on  the  same,  shall  be  exhibited  to  the  offloers  or  authorized  employes  of  the  i 
pany  at  any  time  upon  demand;  and  before  any  payment  can  he  claimed  under  this 
„_.,  .^      .  ^    .. ,.  •  t  books  must  be  surrendered  to  the  company. 

I  company  of  this  policy,  and  of  a  receipt  in  foil. 
J  proof  satisfactoiT  to  the  company  that  he  or  she  Is  an 
executor  or  administrator,  husband  or  wife,  or  relative  by  blood,  or  lawful  beneficiary, 
of  the  injured,  shall  be  conclusive  evidence  that  such  snm  lias  been  paid  to  and  recei-red 
by  the  persons  lawfully  entitled  to  the  same,  and  that  all  claims  and  demands  upon  eaid 
company  under  this  pollcv  have  been  fully  satisfied. 

Sixth.—  Agents  (which  term  includes  superintendents  and  assistant  superintendents) 
are  not  aothonzed  and  have  no  power  to  make,  alter,  or  discliarge  contracts,  or  waive 
forfeiture,  or  to  receive  premiums  on  policies  In  arrears  more  than  four  wcek^  or  to 
receipt  for  the  same  in  the  receipt  book,  and  all  such  arrears  given  to  an  agent  shall  be 
at  the  sole  risk  of  those  who  pay  them  and  shall  not  be  credited  upon  the  poller. 
whether  entered  In  the  receipt  book  or  not. 

^r^n^A.— Should  the  death  of  the  insured  occur  while  any  premium  on  this  policv 
l8  in  arrears  not  exceeding  four  weeks,  said  oompany^s  liability  will  be  the  same  as  if  all 
premiums  had  been  paid  in  full  to  date. 

Eighth.—  If  any  of  the  warranties  herein  referred  to,  and  upon  which  this  policy  is 
granterl,  be  not  true,  or  If  the  conditions  of  said  policy  be  not  in  all  respects  obeerred. 
or  If  said  policy  shall  in  any  way  be  assigned,  sola,  mortgaired,  or  otherwise  parted  mith. 
or  if  any  erasure  or  alteration  shall  be  made  in  said  poUcy,  except  by  endorsement 
signed  by  the  president  or  secretary,  or  if  any  premium  on  this  policy  shall  be  in  arrears 
more  than  four  weeks,  this  policy  shall  thereupon  become  void;  and  whenever,  for  anj 
cause,  this  pollcv  shall  terminate,  all  premiums  paid  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  compaoT, 
except  as  provided  in  conditions  '*  second  "  and  ''  twelfth  "  herein;  and  it  is  expressiy 
stipulated  and  agreed  tliat  the  foregoing  pro>ision  which  avoids  the  policy,  in  caee  any 
premium  shall  be  in  arrears  more  than  four  weeks,  shall  not  be  oonsldaed  In  any 
respect  waived  by  anv  act  of  grace  by  the  company  in  the  acceptance  of  ptefnliuH 
in  arrears  more  than  four  weeks  upon  this  or  any  other  policy. 

Ninth,— yrootB  of  death  under  this  policy  shall  be  made  upon  blanks  to  be 

•  furnished  by  the  company,  and  the  proofs  shall  contain  answers  to  each  and  everv 

question  propounded  in  said  blanks  to  the  claimant,  phvaicians,  friend  and  other 

persons  to  whom  such  questions  shall  he  propounded,  and  shall  further  oootaSn  the 

record  and  verdict  of  any  coroner's  inquest,  if  one  shall  be  held. 

Tenth.— T^o  suit  shall  be  brought  nor  action  commenced  against  said  company 
under  this  policy,  until  ten  days  shall  have  expired  after  the  filing  in  the  home  office  of 
proofs  of  death  upon  all  the  forms  furnished  by  the  company,  including  the  record  and 
verdict  of  any  coroner's  inquest,  if  one  be  hekl,  nor  after  six  months  m)m  the  date  of 
death  of  the  insured;  it  being  understood  and  agreed  that  If  any  such  suit  or  action  br 
coinroencwl  after  said  nix  months,  the  lapse  of  time  shall  be  taken  to  be  conclnni^e 
evidence  against  any  claim,  the  provisions  of  any  and  all  statutes  of  limitation  to  the 
contrary  being  hereby  expressly  waived.  Proofs  of  death  furnished  as  aforesaid  shall 
be  evidence  or  the  facts  therein  stated  In  behalf  of,  but  not  against,  the  company. 


Policy  Fobicb,  Life.  355 

Seventh.— Ho  obUpition  ie  assumed  by  the  company  prior  to  the  date  hereof,  nor 
imlesB,  upon  said  date,  the  Inenred  Is  alive  and  in  sound  health. 

TSoei/lh.—Vw}n  sarrendcr  of  this  policy  and  of  the  receipt  books  thereto  helong- 
ing.  after  said  policy  shall  have  been  in  force  five  years  and  the  full  preminms  for  said 
period  shall  have  been  paid,  and  within  eight  weeks  after  any  preminm  is  dae  and 
unpaid,  the  company  will  issue  upon  written  application  made  oy  the  insured  upon 
bUmks  fnmlshea  by  the  company,  provided  the  insured  Bhall  have  reached  the  age 
of  eighteen  years  at  the  date  of  surrender,  a  paid-up  policy,  upon  which  no  further  pay- 
ment of  premiums  shall  be  required,  for  a  term  of  vears  ezbrMsed  by  the  expectation  of 
the  life  insured  according  to  the  present  legal  standard  of  the  stato  of  New  York,  taking 
the  age  next  birthday  at  the  date  of  issue  of  the  paid-up  policy,  for  such  a  sum  in  even 
dollars  as  the  full  reserve  held  on  this  policy  for  the  number  of  completed  quarters  of 
years  of  its  existence,  applied  as  a  single  preminm  at  the  company's  published  single 
premium  rates  for  industrial  policies,  will  purchase. 

In  case  the  insured  shall  be  a  minor  at  the  date  when  application  for  a  paid-up 
policy  be  made,  the  original  policy  must  be  surrendered  and  application  for  a  paid-up 
policy  made  by  the  person  named  in  the  application  for  the  original  policy  as  the  person 
to  whom  benefit  is  to  be  paid,  or,  if  such  person  be  not  living,  by  his  or  her  legal 
representative, 

EndowmenU. —  This  company  also  issues  endowments  for  small 
sums,  premiums  payable  weekly. 

MiCHTOAN  Mutual  Lffb  Insurancb  Comfant.  This  company's 
forms  are  "ordinary  life."  "endowment,"  "semi-endowment,"  and 
"  accumulative  bond  "  policies.  The  life  and  endowment  policies  may 
be  written  upon  the  accumulative  plan,  no  dividends  being  payable 
until  the  accumulations  and  the  reserve  on  the  life  policy  equal  its  face 
value,  when  it  is  paid  as  (p  endowment,  and  until  the  endowment 
becomes  payable  by  its  terms.  Dividends  may  be  used,  however,  to 
reduce  premiums  at  the  option  of  the  assured.  AH  endowment  policies 
have  a  guaranteed  cash  surrender  value. 

Ordinary  Life  Policy.    The  Michigan  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  hereby  agrees 

and  promisee  to  pay  the  sum  of dollars,  the  amount  of  this  policy,  at  its  home 

ofHce  in  the  city  ot  Detroit,  all  indebtedness  on  account  of  the  same  bong  fint  dedacted 

tlierefrom,  when  due  notice  and  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of of 

coanty  of state  of whose  life  is  hereby  insured,  shall  have  been 

received  by  the  company.    Payable  to administrators,  executors,  or  assigns 

This  policy  Is  issued  in  consideration  of  the  application  therefor,  a  copy  of 

which  Is  hereto  attached  and  is  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  the  same  being  accepted  by 
the  insured  upon  the  following  conditions: 

The annual  premium  of dollars  shall  be  paid  in  advance  to  the 

company  at  its  home  ofiice  in  the  city  of  Detroit,  or  to  its  authorized  agents,  on  delivery 

of  this  policy,  and  thereafter  before  twelve  o'clock,  noon,  on  the day  of 

in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  ttils  contract.  This  policy  shall  not  take  effect 
nnleea  the  first  preminm  is  paid  in  cash,  or  a  note  for  extension  of  time  for  such  payment 
is  accepted  by  the  company  at  Its  home  ofiice  at  Detroit,  Michigan,  nor  unless  the  insured 
IS  in jeood  health  at  the  time  of  its  delivery  to  him. 

This  policy  is  subject  to  the  limitations  and  conditions  named  upon  the  back  hereof, 
which  are  made  a  part  of  this  contract. 

OtmdUiom  and  Limitationa  rtferrsd  to  herein  and  which  are  made  a  part  of  this  Con- 
tract. 

1 .  The  person  whose  life  is  hereby  insured  shall  not  pass  south  of  the  84th  parallel  of 
north  latitude  between  the  first  day  of  July  and  November  in  any  year;  nor  enter  upon  a 
voyage  upon  the  high  seas,  excepting  to  pass  as  passenger  on  first-class  vessels  along  the 
coasts  of  the  United  States  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  or  between  said  countries  and 
partd  of  Burope  north  of  the  42d  parallel  of  north  latitude,  without  first  obtaining  the 
written  consent  of  the  company. 

S.  The  person  whose  life  is  hereby  Insured  shall  not  engage  in  blasting,  mining,  sub- 
marine operations,  or  the  production  of  highlv  Infiammable  or  explosive  substances,  or 
be  regularly  employed  in  working  or  managing  a  steam  engine  in  any  capacity,  or  as  a 
mariner,  engineer,  fireman,  conductor,  or  laborer  in  any  capacity  upon  service  upon  any 
steam  or  sail  vessel,  or  upon  railroad  trains;  nor  shall  he  enter  any  military  or  naval 
service  whatsoever  (the  militia  not  in  active  service  excepted),  without  first  obtaining  the 
written  consent  of  the  company. 

8.  This  company  does  not  msore  against  death  in  consequence  of  the  violation  of 


866  PoLicT  Forms,  Lifb. 

law  of  any  state  or  coantnr,  nor  against  death  caosed  by  the  Inaored'a  own  hand,  essept 
as  herein  provided,  that  after  three  years  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  and  the  payment 
in  cash  or  three  years'  premiums,  the  liability  of  the  company  shall  not  bo  dispatch 
because  the  death  of  the  Insured  was  caused  by  his  own  act,  or  because  of  any  mierepre- 
aentation  in  the  application  not  willful,  save  that  if  the  age  of  the  insared  is  undentated 
the  company  shall  be  liable  only  for  such  an  amount  as  the  premiums  received  woqM 
liave  paid  for  at  the  rates  charged  by  the  company  at  this  date  for  persons  as  the 
insured's  real  age. 

4.  If  the  lirat  or  any  subsequent  premium  on  this  policy  shall  be  settled  wholly  or  in 
part  by  note  or  other  obligation,  wnether  of  the  beneficiary,  the  insured,  or  any  third 
party,  such  settlement  shallnot  be  deemed  a  payment,  but  only  an  extension  of  the  time 
Tor  such  pavmcnt  of  premiums,  and  if  such  note  or  other  obligation,  or  any  reneital 
thereof,  shall  not  be  fully  paid  when  due,  then  for  any  loss  occumnjE  while  such  note  or 
other  oblieation  remains  due  and  unpaid,  the  company  shall  not  be  liable,  but  the  whole 
amount  of  the  premium  included  in  such  note  or  other  obligation  shall  be  considered :« 
earned,  and  the  company  may  collect  the  same. 

6.  No  agent  has  power  to  ctiange  the  terms  of  this  contract,  nor  to  extend  the  time 
for  the  payment  of  any  premiuuL  when  a  note  is  given  for  extension  of  time  it  gb&ll 
be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  company.  No  agent  has  authority  to  deli\'er  a  rent'^ 
receipt  upon  this  policy  after  the  day  when  the  premium  falls  due,  without  at  the  isame 
time  taking  a  certificate  of  the  eood  health  of  the  Insured.  And  whenever  the  company 
receives  a  premium  after  it  is  due,  it  does  so  on  the  express  understanding  that  it  dots 
not  establish  a  custom  for  the  future.  It  expressly  reserved  the  right  to  reject  any  pre- 
mium tendered  after  the  same  becomes  due. 

6.  For  the  information  of  the  assured,  and  in  order  that  any  unintentiona]  errDn 
or  omissions  which  hereafter  may  be  found  to  exist  may  be  corrected,  a  copy  of  the 
application  upon  which  this  policy  is  based  is  hereto  attached.  If  corrections  are  de> 
sired,  when  satisfactory  to  the  company,  a  certificate  to  tliat  effect  will  be  issued  OTer 
the  signature  of  the  president  or  secretaW. 

If  anv  of  the  provisions  herein  are  violated,  or  if  the  statements  in  the  applicatkm 
are  founa  in  any  respect  untrue,  then  this  policy  shall  be  void  and  all  payments  shall  he 
forfeited  to  the  company  except  as  hereinafter  provided.  If  the  premiums  are  not  paid  as 
provided  herein,  then  in  every  such  case  Uie  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  the  pavment  of 
the  sum  insured,  and  this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine,  excepting  only,  that  after 
three  or  more  annual  premiums  have  been  paid  upon  tliis  policy,  it  wrill  be  valid  ^  a 
paid-up,  non-participating  policy,  for  a  fractional  amount  of  the  sum  insured,  as 
provided  by  the  laws  of  Michigan. 

7.  This  policy  shall  participate  in  profits  as  declared  by  the  company,  and  when 
awarded,  dividends  may  be  used  in  reduction  of  the  premiums,  or  to  purcbaee  additi<»is, 
or  they  may  be  applied  as  provided  for  in  either  of  the  agreements  prmted  hereon. 

8.  If  this  policy  is  assigned  or  held  as  security,  written  notice  shall  be  given  to  the 
company,  and  proof  of  interest  produced  with  proof  of  death.  The  company  wiU  take 
no  responsibility  as  to  the  validity  of  any  assignment 

9.  No  suit  arising  out  of  this  contract  shall  be  begim  more  than  one  year  after  the 
death  of  the  Insured. 

10.  Blank  proofs  of  death  of  the  form  required  by  the  company  will  be  fomisbed 
upon  application  to  the  home  office  at  Detroit 

Endomnent,  Thie  policy  1b  identical  with  the  Life,  except  for  iu 
endowment  feature  and  guaranteed  cash  surrender  value. 

Accumulative  Band.  This,  in  addition  to  the  life  and  endowment 
provisions,  provides  for  a  return  of  all  the  premiums  paid  in  addition 
to  the  face  of  the  bond.  Profits  are  declared  at  the  end  of  twenty 
years,  and  are  payable  in  cash. 

The  applicant  is  required  to  sign  the  following  declaration: 

I  hereby  declare,  that  the  above  are  true  answers  to  the  fon^oiug  queetlona,  as  well 
as  those  made  or  to  be  made  to  the  company^s  medical  examiner,  and  I  nerebv  nine  that 
these  statements,  whether  written  by  my  own  hand  or  not,  with  this  dedanoon,  sbail 
form  the  iMisis  of  the  contract  for  insurance,  and  that  any  untrue  or  fraudulent  answers, 
any  suppression  of  facts  in  regard  to  my  health,  habits,  or  drcumstanoea,  or  negl^t  to 
pay  the  premium  on  or  before  the  day  it  becomes  due,  shall  violate  thepolicv.  and  forfeit 
all  pavments  made  thereon,  except  as  provided  in  the  policv.  It  is  hereby  agreed  that 
the  policy  shall  not  take  effect  unu^ss  the  first  premium  is  paid  in  cash  to  the  company 
or  its  authorised  agent  or  a  note  for  extension  of  time  for  such  payment  ia  accepted  bV 
the  company  at  its  home  office  In  Detroit;  nor  unless  the  Insured  is  in  good  health  at  the 
time  of  its  delivery.  And  it  is  further  agreed,  that  if  the  first  or  any  subsequent  pr^ 
mium  on  the  poUcy  shaU  be  setUed  wholly  or  in  part  by  note  or  other  oblijp^oa 


Policy  Forms,  Life,  857 

whether  of  the  benefldary,  the  insared,  or  anv  third  party,  each  Bettlement  shall  not  be 
deemed  a  payment,  bat  only  an  extension  of  the  time  for  the  payment  of  snch  premium; 
and  if  snch  note  or  other  obligation  or  any  renewal  thereof  shall  not  be  fullv  paid  when 
due,  then,  for  any  loss  occurring  while  such  note  or  other  obligation  remains  due  and 
anniid,  the  company  shall  not  be  liable,  but  the  whole  amount  of  the  premium 
Included  in  snch  note  or  other  obligation  shall  be  considered  as  earned,  and  the  company 
may  collect  the  same. 

That  I  hereby  waive  all  personal  or  statutory  rights  which  I  may  have  to  object  to 
the  testimony  of  any  physician  or  surgeon,  whether  consulted  bv  mc  or  not,  so  far  as  he 
may  have  professional  or  expert  Icnowledge  of  the  facts  or  mformation  sought  for 
by  the  interrogatories  in  this  application. 

It  is  further  agreed  that  in  any  distribution  of  surplus,  the  principles  and  methods 
which  may  be  adopted  by  the  company  for  snch  distrihntion,  and  its  determination  of 
the  amount  equitably  belonging  to  such  policy,  shall  be  and  are  herebv  ratified  and 
accepted  by  and  for  every  person  who  sliall  have  or  claim  any  interest  under  said  policy. 

Mutual  Bbnkft  Life  Insurancr  Company.  The  new  policies 
of  this  company  are  "  continuous  life  "  with  annual  and  limited  pay- 
ments, and  "optional  endowments."  All  these  policies  are  converti- 
ble into  cash  after  two  annual  payments,  or  into  paid-up  insurance,  or 
term  insurance,  or  a  loan  will  be  made  on  them.  In  the  case  of 
"convertible"  policies  the  first  ten  years*  dividends  are  allowed  only 
on  the  '*  addition  "  plan,  but  in  case  of  policies  issued  on  the  "  regular^' 
form,  which  do  not  differ  from  convertible  policies  except  that  they 
have  no  guaranteed  cash  surrender  value,  all  dividends  may  be  used  in 
reduction  of  premiums. 

Ccmtinuoue  Life  Convertible  Policv.  This  policy  witnesseth  that  the  Mutual  Benefit 
Life  insurance  company,  in  consideration  of  the  statements  and  agreements  in  the  appli- 
cation for  this  policy,  which  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  sum  of 

dollars  and cents  to  it  in  hand  paid  by and  of  the 

annual  premium  of dollars  and cents  to  be  naid  at  or 

before  twelve  o^clock,  m.,  on  the day  of in  every  year  auring  the 

continuance  of  this  policy,  does  Insure  the  life  of of. in  the  county 

of state  of ,  in  the  amount  of dollars  for  the  term  of 

life,  payable  to : ,  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns,  at  its  office  in  the  city 

of  Newark,  New  Jersey,  upon  due  and  satisfactory  proof  of  interest  and  of  Uie  death  of 
the  said  insured,  deducting  therefrom  all  indebtedness  of  the  party  to  the  company, 
together  with  the  balance,  if  any,  of  the  then  current  year's  premium. 

Provided,  that  in  case  the  said  premiums  shall  not  be  paid  on  or  before  the  several 
days  hereinbefore  mentioned  for  the  payment  thereof,  at  the  office  of  the  company,  in 
the  city  of  Newark,  or  to  agents  when  they  produce  receipts  signed  by  the  president  or 
treasurer,  then,  and  in  every  such  case,  this  policy  shall  cease  and  determine,  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  the  company's  non-forfeiture  system  as  Indorsed  hereon,  with  accom- 
panying table. 

This  policy  does  not  take  effect  until  the  first  premium  shall  have  been  actuallv  paid; 
nor  are  agents  authorized  to  make,  alter,  or  discharge  this  or  any  other  contract  in  rela- 
tion to  the  matter  of  this  insurance,  or  to  waive  any  forfeiture  hereof,  or  to  grant  per- 
mits, or  to  receive  for  the  cosh  due  for  premiums  anything  but  cash.  Any  error  macle  in 
anderBtating  the  age  of  the  insured  wlu  be  adjusted  by  paying  such  amount  as  the  pre- 
miums paia  woulapnrchasc  at  the  table  rate. 

No  assignment  of  tliia  policy  shall  take  effect  until  written  notice  thereof  shall  be 
given  to  the  company. 

This  policy  while  in  force  will  participate  annually  in  the  compa- 
ny's distribution  of  surplus,  and  the  applicant  warrants  that  the  person 
to  be  insured  is  not  intemperate  in  the  use  of  stimulants  or  narcotics. 

Further  I  agree  that  the  answers  given  herewith  to  the  questions  of  the  agent  and 
examiner,  which  I  declare  and  warrant  to  be  true,  shall  be  the  basis  of  my  contract 
with  the  company;  and  that  such  contract  shall  at  all  times  and  places  be  held 
and  construed  to  have  been  made  in  the  city  of  Newark,  Now  Jersey.  I  also  agree 
that  if  withhi  two  years  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  the  injured  shall,  without  the 
written  consent  of  the  company,  reside  or  travel  elsewhere  than  iii  or  to  the  United  States, 
Canada,  or  Europe;  or  shall  within  snch  period  and  without  such  consent,  be  personally 
engagal  in  blasting,  mining,  submarine  operations,  or  in  the  making  of  explosives,  or 
in  service  on  any  railway  train,  or  on  a  steam  or  sailing  vessel,  or  in  naval  or  army  ser- 


858  PouGT  Form B»  Lifb. 

Tice  in  ttines  of  war;  or  within  each  period  ■hall  oommit  miicide  while  Bane  or  inaaiie; 
the  policy  hereby  applied  for  shall  thereupon  become  noil  and  void. 

The  proTisioQS  by  which  the  policy  is  mftde  conTertible  are : 

When  after  two  fall  annual  premioms  shall  have  been  paid  on  this  policy  it  shall 
ceaae  or  become  yold  soIeW  by  the  non-payment  of  any  premiam  when  doe,  the  entiTe 
net  reserve  value  of  the  policy  and  dividend  additions,  by  the  American  ezporience  mor- 
tality and  interest  at  fonr  per  cent  yearly,  less  any  indebtedness  to  the  company,  on  ttiu 
policv,  shall  be  applied  by  the  companv  as  a  single  premiam  at  the  company's  rates  pab- 
lishea  and  in  force  at  this  date,  either,  first,  to  the  purchase  of  non-partidpating  term  in- 
surance for  the  full  amount  Insured  by  Uiis  policy,  or  second,  upon  the  written  applica- 
tion by  the  owner  of  this  policy  and  me  surrender  thereof  to  the  company  at  Newark 
within  three  months  from  such  non-payment  of  premium,  to  the  purchaw  of  a  non-pai^ 
ticipatiuK  paid-up  policy  payable  at  toe  time  this  policy  would  be  payable  If  cootinn«d  in 
force.  Both  kinds  of  insurance  aforesaid  will  be  subject  to  the  same  conditions,  except 
as  to  payment  of  premiums,  as  those  of  this  policy.  No  part,  however,  of  such  term  in- 
surance shall  be  due  or  payable  unless  satisfactory  proofs  of  death  be  furnished  to  the 
company  within  one  year  after  death;  and  if  death  shall  occur  within  three  years  after 
such  non-payment  of  premium,  and  durine  such  term  of  insurance,  there  shall  be 


company  within  one  year  after  death;  and  if  death  shall  occur  within  three  years  after 
such  non-payment  of  premium,  and  durine  such  term  of  insurance,  there  shall  be 
deducted  from  the  amount  payable  the  sum  of  all  the  premiums  that  would  have  become 
due  on  this  policy  if  it  had  continued  in  force. 

After  two  full  years'  premiums  shall  have  been  paid,  the  company  will,  on  surrender 
of  this  policy  fully  receipted  while  in  force  or  within  three  months  from  time  of  lapse. 
allow  as  a  cash  surrender  value  for  the  same  a  sum  not  leas  than  the  full  reserve  value  of 
the  policy,  exclusive  of  dividend  additions,  computed  by  the  above-named  standard,  de^ 
ducting  therefrom  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  this  policy;  and,  at  the  end  of 
the  tenth  policy  year,  or  at  the  end  of  any  succeeding  five-year  period,  if  the  policy  be 
then  in  force,  and  if  it  be  surrendered  fully  receipted  within  thirty  days  from  such  timea, 
the  company  will  increaae  the  guaranteed  cash  surrender  value  by  the  entire  reaerve 
valae  of  all  existing  dividend  additions. 

Optional  Endowment,  The  endowment  policies  do  not  differ  from 
the  life  policies  except  in  the  terms  of  payment,  and  the  option  which 
gives  them  their  name  reads: 

At  the  end  of  the  endowment  term  the  assured,  instead  of  accepting  the  cash  then 
due  on  this  policy,  may  surrender  the  policy  and  receive  in  exchange  a  fuHy  paid-up  par- 
ticipating policy  for  an  amount  equal  to  said  cash,  payable  at  the  death  of  the  inanred. 
which  wilf  contain  an  agreement  that  the  company  will  pay  during  the  life  of  tbeinaared 
an  annuity  equal  to  four  per  cent,  on  the  amount  of  such  paid-up  policy,  such  snnaitjr  io 
be  payable  at  the  end  of  the  first  and  of  each  succeeding  year,  except  that  in  the  year 
when  the  paid-up  policy  matures  by  the  death  of  the  insured,  the  annuity  then  payable 
shall  be  tne  pro  rata  amount  accraed  at  date  of  death.  At  the  end  of  the  fifth  policy 
year,  or  at  the  end  of  any  succeeding  five-year  period,  the  paid-up  policy  may  be  surren- 
dered for  its  facte  value  in  cash  if  presentcxi  to  the  company  fully  receipted  i^-ithin  thirty 
days  from  such  times,  in  which  case  the  payment  of  the  annuity  will  be  discontinued;  or 
at  the  end  of  the  endowment  term  the  as8un>d  may  draw  any  desired  portion  of  the  cash 
then  due  on  this  policy,  and  take  a  paid-up  participating  life  policy  for  an  amount  equal 
to  the  cash  then  left  with  the  company,  which  paid-up  policy  will  contain  provimoos 
corriesponding  to  the  above. 

Mutual  Life  Inbubancb  Compant  of  Ebntuckt.  This  com* 
pany  issues  "ordinary  life,"  "limited  payment  life,"  "endowment," 
and  "  term  "  policies.  The  form  of  all  its  policies  is  the  same,  except 
the  "term,"  of  which  but  few  are  issued. 

Ordinary  Life.  The  Mutual  Life  Insurance  company  of  Kentucky,  in  conslderatkm 
of  the  application  for  this  insurance,  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract. 

and  in  further  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars  and cents,  and  of 

the  like  sum  to  be  paid  at  the  home  ofllce,  in  the  city  of  Louisville,  on  or  before  the  . . . 

days  of in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract,  do 

insure  the  life  of of in  the  state  of hereinafter  caukd 

the  insured,  in  the  sum  of dollars,  for  the  term  of  his  natural  life,  an^  do 

promise  to  pay  at  their  office,  in  the  city  of  Lonisville,  Kentucky,  upon  completion  and 
approval  of  proof  of  death  of  the  insured,  the  amount  of  said  insurance,  with  any  addi- 
tions thereto,  after  deducting  any  indebtedness  on  account  of  the  policy,  including  any 
portion  of  the  full  year's  premium  unpaid,  to 

Payment  of  Premimns.  If  nny  premium  or  part  of  premium  on  this  policy,  or  anv 
note  given  therefor,  shall  not  be  paid  on  or  before  the  days  on  which  they  oeoome  due  at 


POLICT  FOBMB,  LiFB.  '        859 

the  office  of  the  company  in  the  cit^  of  Louisyille,  Kentacky,  or  to  an  agent,  producing 
the  receipt  of  the  company,  signed  Sy  the  president  or  secretary,  the  policy  shall  then  be- 
come void  and  insarance  cease,  without  notice  to  the  insured  or  the  parties  interested  in 
this  policy  or  holder  thereof.  Provided,  however,  in  case  of  default  in  the  payment  of  a 
third  or  any  subeeouent  annual  preminm,  then  this  policy,  without  further  negotiation 
or  stipulation,  shall  be  binding  upon  the  company  for  such  amount  of  non-participating 
paid-up  insurance  as  specified  m  the  table  of  paid-up  policy  ralues  indorsea  hereon. 

AiHgnments.    This  policy  is  issued  and  accepted  upon  express  condition  that  the 

said mav,  with  consent  of  the  company,  at  any  time  assim  it,  or  before 

assignment  change  the  beneflciaries  therein  or  make  any  other  change,  mo  assienment, 
however,  shall  take  effect  until  written  notice  thereof  slutll  be  given  to  the  company,  and 
under  no  circumstances  shall  the  company  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  valldi^  of 
such  assignment.  If  any  claim  be  made  under  an  assignment,  proof  of  interest  to  the 
extent  of  the  clabn  may  be  required. 

The  contract  between  the  parties  is  completely  set  out  in  this  policy  and  the  appli- 
cation, and  none  of  the  terms  can  be  changed  or  waived  except  by  written  agreement 
signed  by  the  president  or  secretarv. 

This  policy  after  two  years  will  be  incontestable,  except  for  fraud  or  non-payment 
of  premium. 

Dividends  are  made  annually  or  every  five  years,  and  a  cash  surrender  value  will  be 
paid  at  the  end  of  any  five-year  period. 

The  AppUeation.  I  herebv  warrant  that  I  am  not  intemperate  in  the  use  of  stimu- 
lants or  narcotics.  I  agree  that  the  answers  given  herewith  to  the  questions  of  the  agent 
and  examiner,  which  I  declare  and  warrant  to  be  true,  shall  be  the  oasis  of  mv  contract 
with  the  company.  I  also  agree  that  if  within  two  years  from  this  date  I  shall,  with- 
out the  written  consent  of  the  company,  reside  or  travel  elsewhere  than  in  or  to  the 
United  States,  Canada,  or  Europe ;  or  shall,  within  such  period  and  without  such  con- 
nent,  be  penonally  engaged  in  blasting,  mining,  submarine  operations,  or  in  the  making 
of  explosives,  or  in  service  on  any  railway  train,  or  on  a  steam  or  sailing  vessel,  or  in 
naval  or  army  service  in  times  of  war,  the  policy  hereby  applied  for  shall  thereupon 
ceeee  and  determine. 

Mutual  Lifb  Insubancb  Company  of  New  York.  The  principal 
policies  issued  by  this  company  are  the  "twenty-year  distribution 
(annual  and  limited  payment)  life/'  "endowment"  (with  life  option), 
and  "consol." 

Twenty-Tear  DUtribulion  Policy.  The  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  of  New 
York,  In  consideration  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  which  is  hereby  made  a  part  of 
this  contract,  the  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  of  New  York  promises  to  pay  at  its 

home  office  to  the  dty  of  New  York  unto of to  the  county  of 

state  of executors,  administrators,  or  8«signs dollars,  upon  accept- 
ance of  satisfactory  proofs  at  ita  home  office  of  the  death  of during  the  con- 
tinuance of  this  poUcy,  upon  the  followtog  conditions,  and  subject  to  the  provisions, 
requirements,  and  benefits  stated  on  the  back  of  this  policy,  which  are  hereby  referred 
to  and  made  part  hereof: 

The annual  preminm  of dollars  and cents  shall  be  paid  in 

advance  on  the  delivery  of  this  policy,  and  thereafter  to  the  company,  at  its  home  office 

In  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the day.  .of to  the  year  during  the 

continuance  of  this  contract. 

Provlsiont^  Seguiremente,  and  Ben^/Us* 

Each  preminm  is  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company  in  the  city  of 
New  York ;  but  will  be  accepted  elsewhere  when  duly  paid  in  exchange  for  the  com- 
pany's receipt  signed  by  the  president  or  secretary.  Notice  that  each  and  every  such 
payment  is  due  at  the  date  named  to  the  policy  is  given  and  accepted  by  the  delivery 
and  acceptance  of  this  policy,  and  any  further  notice,  required  bv  any  statute,  is  thereby 
expressly  waived.  That  part  of  the  year's  premium,  if  any,  which  is  not  due  and  Is  un- 
paid at  the  matmity  of  this  contract  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  of  the  claim.  If 
thispollcv  shall  become  void  by  non-payment  of  preminm,  all  payments  previously  made 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

This  policy  is  Issued  on  the  twenty-year  distribution  plan.  It  will  be  credited  with 
its  distributive  ahare  of  surplus  apportioned  at  the  expiration  of  twenty  years  from  the 
date  of  Issue.  Only  twenty-year  distribution  policies  in  force  at  the  end  of  such  term, 
and  entitled  thereto  by  year  of  issue  shall  share  in  such  distribution  of  the  surplus;  and 
no  other  distribution  to  such  policies  shall  be  made  at  any  previous  time.  All  surplus  so 
apportioned  may  be  applied  at  the  end  of  such  period  to  purchase  additional  insurance, 
or  to  payment  of  future  premiums  on  this  policy,  if  requested  to  writing;  or  may  then  be 

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dnwn  in  cash.  After  the  ezpiratl(m  of  the  period  of  twenty  yean  hei«iiiabo>f«  provided 
for,  the  dividend  distribation  periods  shall  be  chani^  to  terma  of  five  yean  eaoi  durinK 
the  continuance  of  this  policy.  The  Borplaa  may  be  applied  at  each  dbtribntion  to  pur- 
chase additional  insurance,  wlthoat  medical  ezaminaaon,  protided  snch  application  of 
the  sarpluB  be  elected  in  due  form  not  less  than  two  yean  before  the  end  of  the  lint  divi- 
dend period  of  twenty  yean ;  otherwise  a  satisfactory  examination  will  be  reauired  for 
each  snch  application  or  the  surplua.  Bnt  should  the  owner  of  this  policy  at  tbe  end  of 
said  lint  period  of  twenty  yean  or  at  the  end  of  any  anbeequent  period  of  five  yean 
elect  to  receive  the  dividends  annually,  the  surplus  applicable  on  this  policy  will  there- 
after be  apportioned  at  the  befl;innlne  of  each  year  on  the  annivenary  of  the  date  of  thi» 
policy  and  may  be  applied  as  hereinbefore  provided. 

After  three  full  annual  premiums  have  been  paid  upon  this  policy,  the  company  vill. 
upon  the  legal  surrender  thereof  before  default  in  payment  of  any  premium^  or  nithm 
BIX  months  thereafter,  issue  a  non-participating  policy  for  paid-up  insurance,  payable 
as  herein  provided,  for  the  amount  required  by  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  May  Si,  1879, 
chapter  847,  laws  of  the  state  of  New  York. 

This  policy  may  be  surrendered  to  the  company  at  the  end  of  the  said  first  period  of 
twenty  yean,  and  the  full  reserve  computed  by  the  American  table  of  mortality  and 
four  per  cent,  interest,  and  the  surplus  as  defined  above  will  be  paid  therefor  in  cssh. 

If  the  policy  be  surrendered  at  the  end  of  the  flnt  dividend  period  as  above  provided. 

Including  surplus,  or  any 
>  paid-up  policy  for  the 

, „ -•  life  and  partadpathig 

annually  in  dividends  together  with  a  paid-up  annuity  for  life  equal  to  three  and  one-hair 
per  cent,  per  annum  of  tne  amount  of  the  paid-up  insurance,  payments  of  the  annuity  to 
commence  one  year  i^ter  the  end  of  said  first  dividend  period. 

It  is  hereby  further  promised  and  agreed  that  after  two  yean  from  the  date  hereof, 
the  only  conditions  which  shall  be  binding  upon  the  holder  of  this  policy  are  that  he  shall 
pay  the  premiums,  at  the  times  and  place  and  in  the  manner  stipulated  m  said  policy,  and 
that  the  requirements  of  the  company  as  to  age,  and  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of 
war,  shall  be  observed,  and  that  in  all  other  respects,  if  this  policy  matures  after  the  ex- 
piration of  the  said  two  yean,  the  payment  of  the  sum  insured  by  this  policy  shall  not 
he  disputed. 

No  agent  has  power  on  behalf  of  the  company  to  make  or  modify  this  or  any  con- 
tract of  insurance,  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  a  premium,  to  bind  the  company  by 
making  any  promise,  or  by  receiving  any  representation  or  information  not  contained  in 
the  application  for  this  policy. 

The  company  declines  to  notice  any  assignment  of  this  policy  until  the  original 
assignment  or  a  duplicate  or  certified  copy  thereof  shall  be  lllea  in  toe  company^s  home 
office.  The  company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the  validity  of  an  assifnunent. 

Endofjomeni  (with  life  option).  This  policy  uses  the  same  form  on 
the  face,  but  the  following  provisions  appear  on  the  back: 

At  the  maturity  of  the  endowment  term  of  this  policy,  instead  of  accepting  the  ca»h 
settlement  then  provided  for,  the  insured  may  continue  this  insurance  for  the  fall  amonot 
without  medical  examination  and  without  further  payment  of  premium,  by  exchanging 
it  within  thirty  days  after  snch  maturitv  for  a  paid-up  policy  of  life  insurance  payable 
at  d(;nth,  participating  annually  in  dividends,  and  in  aadltion  thereto  the  insured  ehaJl 

be  entitled  to  a  pnid-up  annuity  of  $ for  life,  payments  thereon  to  commence  one 

year  after  said  maturity. 

TliiM  policy  is  issued  on  the year  distribution  plan.    It  will  be  credited  with 

its  distributive  share  of  surplus  apportioned  at  the  expiration  of vean  from  ibe 

date  of  ispiie.    Only year  distribution  policies  in  force  at  the  end  of  such  tenn, 

and  entitled  thereto  by  year  of  issue  shall  share  in  such  distribution  of  the  sarplas;  and 
no  other  distribution  to  such  policies  shall  be  made  at  any  previous  time.  All  surplus  to 
apportioned  may  be  applied  at  the  end  of  such  periods  to  Increase  the  amounts  unde^ 
the  life  option  and  paia-up  annuity,  pro  rcUa^  if  previously  requested  in  writing,  or  may 
then  be  (Iruwn  in  cash. 

After  three  full  annual  premiums  have  been  paid  upon  this  policy,  the  company  will, 
upon  the  legal  surrender  thereof  before  default  in  payment  of  any  premium,  or  witbin 
SIX  months  thereafter,  issue  a  non-participating  policy  for  the  proportion  of  the  amount 
of  this  policy  which  the  number  of  full  yean*  premiums  paid  bear  to  the  total  nurobtT 
required.  The  said  proportional  paid-up  policy  shall  be  on  the  endowment  plan  payable 
as  herein  oridiially  provided,  and  shall  also  provide  that  the  insured,  if  living  at  ibe 
maturity  of  the  endowment  term,  may  continue  snch  paid-up  insurance  as  a  non-panki- 
pating  life  policy,  by  exchange,  in  the  manner  above  described  and  shall  be  entitled  to 
an  annuity  for  life  in  an  amount  equal  to  four  per  centum  of  said  paid-np  poliCT  of  life 
insurance,  payments  thereon  to  commence  one  year  after  the  date  of  said  noAtunty. 


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Policy  Fobms,  Lifb.  361 

OantoiU.  The  following  is  the  form  of  the  consol,  with  benefits 
promised  which  do  not  apply  to  other  policies: 

In  consideration  of  the  application  for  this  consol  and  of  the  payment  of  the  install- 
ments hereinafter  mentioned  tne  Mutual  Life  insarancecompany  of  New  York  promises 

to  pay  at  its  home  office  in  the  city  of  New  York  to  of in  the  county 

of state  of ilie  principal  sum  of dollar?,  on  the 

day  of in  the  year  19.... if  he  be  then 'living  ;  and  if  he  die  before  that  day,  then 

to  pay  a  Ul^  amount  to or  h. . . .  legal  representatives  upon  acceptance  at  its 

home  office  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  such  death ;  provided^  that  the  first  installment  of 

dollars  and cents  shall  be  paid  to  the  company  on  delivery  hereof,  and 

a  like  amonnt annually  thereafter  on  the day  of in  each 

year  until  such  payments  shall  have  been  made  for full  years.    This  contract  is 

Bubiect  to  all  provisions,  requirements,  and  benefits  endorsed  hereon  which,  together 
with  the  application  for  it,  are  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  part  hereof.  Given  at  the 
ofiAce  of  the  company  in  the  city  of  New  York 189 

After  payment  of  the  principal  sum  at  matnrity,  and  only  during  the  remaining  life- 
time of  the  person  on  whose  life  this  consol  is  issued,  the  company  will  pay  to  said  person 

a  deferred  annuity  in  equal  amounts  of dollars  each,  l)eginning  one  year  from 

and  after  the  date  of  such  maturity,  and  ending  with  the  last  annual  payment  preceding 
death. 

If  this  contract  shall  be  in  force  on  the  date  first  written  in  this  consol,  the  said. . . . 
may,  at  his  option,  within  thirty  days  thereafter,  surrender  it,  and  take  in  ex- 
change paid-up  insurance  for  $ payable  at  death,  with  participation  in  the  profits 

of  the  company,  and  an  annuity  of  ^ for  life,  b^inning  one  year  n'om  ana  aftL'r 

the  date  of  maturity  as  above  described  and  ending  with  the  last  annual  payment  pre- 
ceding death. 

Tnis  consol  is  issued  on  the year  distribution  plan.    It  will  be  credited  with 

lis  distributive  share  of  surplus  apportioned  at  the  expiration  of years  from  the 

date  of  issue.    Only year  distribution  contracts  in  force  at  the  end  of  such  term, 

and  entitled  thereto  by  year  of  issue  shall  share  in  such  distribution  of  surplus;  and  no 
distribution  to  such  contracts  shall  be  made  at  any  previous  time.  All  surplus  so  appor- 
tioned may  be  applied  at  the  end  of  such  period  to  incn>4iiic  the  amount  of  the  annuity 
herein  provided  for ;  or,  if  the  life  option  be  accepted,  to  increaite  the  respective  amounts 
under  tne  life  option  and  paid-up  annuity,  if  previously  rcquet«t4xi  in  writing ;  or  may 
then  be  drawn  m  cash. 

After  three  full  annual  installments  have  been  paid  upon  this  contract  the  comiiauy 
will,  npon  the  legal  surrender  hereof  before  default  in  payment  of  any  installment,  or 
within  six  months  thereafter,  issue  a  non-participating  couhoI  for  the  proportion  of  the 
principal  sum  and  of  the  deferred  annuity  above  dcKoribtd,  which  the  number  of  full 
yearns  installments  paid  bears  to  the  total  numlx  r  nxiuiri>d. 

If  this  contract  shall  become  a  clahn  by  death  within  the  fir^t  distribution  period 

only  the  company  will  add  to  the  principal  sum  to  be  paid  hereon  $ for  each  full 

years'  installment  previously  paid. 

This  company  introduced  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  1898,  two 
new  forms  of  policies,  which  are  thus  officially  described: 

The  Coniinuovs  Installment  Policy  contains  an  extension  and  Improvement  of 
what  has  heretofore  been  known  among  the  American  companitns  as  the  installment  plan 
of  insurance.  This  plan  consisted  in  the  payment  of  the  principal  sum  in  annual  in- 
tftallments,  with  interest  on  unpaid  balances  ;  as,  for  example,  a  policy  for  $20,000  pay- 
able in  twenty  installments  would  secure  to  the  beneficiary,  immediately  upon  the  deiiih 
of  the  insured,  a  first  payment  of  $1,000.  A  year  later,  the  next  installment  of  |1,UU0 
would  be  payable,  together  with  a  year's  interest  upon  the  nineteen  unpaid  installments. 
The  next  year  the  third  installment  of  $1,000  would  be  payable,  togethcT  with 
a  yearns  interest  upon  eighteen  Installments,  and  so  on  until  the  last  installment 
came  to  be  settled,  nineteen  years  after  the  settlement  of  the  first.  The  new  or 
continuous  installment  plan  provides  for  the  payment  of  tlie  principal  sum  of  the 
policv  in  twenty  annual  instiillmenUt,  without  interest,  and  annual  uistallmentH  of 
ettual  amount  will  continue  to  be  paid  to  the  wife  or  other  beneficiary  named  in 
the  policy  throughout  her  or  his  remaining  lifetime.  Should  the  beneficiary  »lio 
iMsfore  the  completion  of  the  original  twenty  installnjeiits,  tljomj  which  nnnuin 
are  paid,  when  due,  to  her  or  his  repreiH'ntjitives  ;  or,  shouI<l  the  Ijcneliciary  die  before 
the  insured,  the  twenty  installments  are  paid  in  like  manner  U)  any  one  legally  entitled 
thereto. 

A  5  per  cent.  Delxmture  is  issued  for  a  Hp<«ific  IxMieficiary  culleil  the  nonunii>, 
whose  name  and  age  must  be  stateil  in  the  upplicatiou  in  the  b'lank  usually  occupied 
alone  by  the  name  of  the  beneficiary.    The  age  of  the  beneficiary  is  requisite  because 


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869  Policy  Forms,  Lifk. 

the  Htate  intanuioe  authoritiew  reqalre  information  (o  be  f umiebed  coocerainx  the  Mgef 
of  all  perBOTM  whom  living  a,flwX»  the  duration  of  contracts.  Should  the  stated  nominee 
die  at  any  time  before  the  death  of  the  pennon  insured,  who  is  called  tbe  nominate,  s 
second  nominee  may  subsequently  be  chosen  by  the  nominator,  the  name  and  see  to  be 
similarly  stated,  and  the  choice  then  made  cannot  be  retoked.  In  case  of  the  Math  of 
the  second  nominee,  a  third  may  be  chosen  In  like  mamier,  and  so  on.  Upon  the  death 
of  the  nominator,  the  company  agrees  to  hold  the  insurance  money,  including  dividend 
additions,  if  any,  until  twenty  years  sliall  have  elapsed  from  the  receipt  of  proofs  of 
death,  and  to  pay  interest  to  the  nominee  upon  the  sums  so  held  at  the  rate  o&5  per  cent, 
per  annum.  At  the  expiration  of  the  income  period  the  principal  sum  will  be  paid  to 
the  nominee.  If,  however,  the  nominee  dies  at  any  time  before  the  expiration  of  the 
income  period  the  principal  8um  will  be  paid  at  once  to  his  or  her  legal  representatives, 
or  other  persons  lenilly  entitled  thereto.  In  all  other  respects  the  debenture  resembles 
in  substance  the  orainary  life  policy  of  this  company,  with  continuous  premiums. 

The  company's  application  contains  the  following  agreements: 

I  hereby  warrant  and  agree  not  to  reside  or  travel  in  any  part  of  the  Torrid  Zone 
and  not  to  engage  In  any  specially  hazardous  occupation  or  employment  during  the  next 
two  yeare  following  the  date  of  issue  of  the  policy  for  which  application  is  hereby  made, 
and  also  not  to  engage  in  any  military  or  naval  service,  in  time  of  war,  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  policy,  without  first  obtaining  permiHsfon  from  this  company ;  I  al») 
warrant  and  agree  that  I  will  not  die  by  my  own  act,  whether  sane  or  insane,  daring  the 
said  period  of  two  years. 

The  epccially  hazardous  occupations  or  employments  herein  referred  to  are :  hand- 
ling electric  wires  and  dynamos,  blasting,  mining,  submarine  labor,  aeronautic  ascen- 
sions, Arctic  ezulorations,  the  manufacture  of  highly  explosive  substances,  service  upon 
any  railroad  train,  or  in  switching  or  in  coupling  cars,  or  on  any  steam  or  other  vessel: 
or  any  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war. 

I  also  agree  that  all  the  foregoing  statements  and  answers,  as  well  as  those  tiiat  I 
make  to  the  company^s  medical  exanuner,  in  continuation  of  this  application,  are  by 
me  warranted  to  be  true  and  are  offered  to  the  company  as  a  consideration  of  the  con- 
tract, which  I  herebv  agree  to  accept  as  issued  by  the  company  in  conformity  with  thU 
application,  and  which  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first  premium  sliall  have  been  paid 
and  the  policy  shall  have  been  delivered,  during  my  continnanoe  in  good  health  ;  aiid  I 
further  agree  tliat  in  any  distribution  of  surplus,  the  principles  and  methods  which  maj 
be  adopted  by  the  company  for  such  diHtribution.  and  its  determination  of  the  amooni 
apportioned  to  such  policy,  shall  be  and  are  hereby  ratified  and  accepted  by  and  for 
every  person  who  shall  have  or  claim  any  interest  under  the  contract  now  proposed. 

Mutual  Resbrvs  Fund  Life  Absociatiok.  The  certificate  of 
membership  of  this  association  is  called  a  "ten-years  distribution 
deposit  policy." 

In  couBldcratlon  of  the  answers,  statements,  and  agreements  contained  in  the  appli- 
cation for  this  policy  of  insurance,  which  are  hereby  mtuae  a  part  of  this  contract,  aiKl  of 
the  payment  of dollare  as  a  flrat  payment  to  be  paid  on  or  1)efore  the  de- 
livery of  this  policy,  and  the  further  payment  of dollars,  payable  to  the 

association  witnin  sixty  (60)  daye  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  for  the  general  expense 
fund  of  the  association,  the  Mutual  Reserve  Fund  Life  Association  does  hereby  receivf 

of county  of state  of as  a  member  of 

said  association  ;  and  upon  the  condition  of  the  payment  of dollars  and 

cents  as  a  deposit  in  advance  on  account  of  mortuary  premiums  and  dneti, 

within  thirty  days  from  the  flrat  week  dav  of  the  months  of next  ensuing, 

and  of  the  payment  as  hereinafter  provided,  within  thlrtv  days  from  the  first  week  daj 
of  said  months,  in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  of  the  subeequeni 
mortuary  premiume  and  dues,  there  snail  be  payable  to  the  legal  representatives  of  said 

member,  the  sum  of dollan  at  the  home  office  of  the  association  in  the  city  of 

New  York,  within  ninety  days  after  the  acceptance  of  satisfactory  evidence  to  the  asso- 
ciation of  the  death  of  said  member,  made  out  as  required  upon  its  blank  forms  provided 
therof or ;  subject  to  all  the  provisions,  requirements,  and  benefits  stated  on  the  second 
page  of  this  policy,  which  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract.  If  the  policv  of  in- 
surance shall  have  been  in  continuous  force  for  three  yeare  from  its  date,  it  shall  Uier^ 
after  be  incontestable  except  for  fraud,  non-payment  of  stipulated  payments  at  tbt 
times  and  in  the  manner  herein  provided,  or  for  misstatements  of  the  age  of  the  membtf 
in  the  application  therefor. 

Provisions^  Requirements^  and  Btmflts. 
I.    This  contract  is  not  binding  until  delivered  to  said  member,  while  in  good  healllt, 
nor  until  the  fint  payment,  including  medical  fees,  is  paid  in  cash  hereon.    Mo  contract, 
alteration,  or  discharge  of  contracts,  waiver  of  forfeiture,  nor  granting  of  permits  or 


Policy  Fobmb,  Lifb.  808 

credits  shall  be  valid,  unless  the  same  shall  be  In  writing,  signed  by  the  president  or  vlce- 
preaident,  and  one  other  officer  of  the  association. 

II.  No  personal  liability  is  incurred  by  beoomine  a  member  of  this  association. 
This  contact  is  a  bi-monthly  term  insurance,  renewable  at  the  option  of  the  member, 
before  expiration,  anon  payment  of  mortaary  premiums  and  dues  at  the  times  and  in  Uie 
manner  herein  provided. 

m.  If  any  of  the  stipulated  payments  shall  not  be  made  on  or  before  the  date,  as 
provided  therefor  in  this  contract,  at  the  home  office  of  the  association  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  or  to  a  duly  anthoriaed  local  treasurer  of  the  association,  furnished  with  a  receipt 
signed  by  the  president,  eecrctarr,  or  treasurer  of  the  association,  then  this  policy  shiul 
expire  and  become  null  and  yoid.  All  payments  made  hereon  shall  be  forfeited  to  the 
aaeociation  whenever  this  contract  shall  terminate. 

IV.  Within  thirty  days  from  the  first  week  day  of  the  months  of  February,  April, 
Jnne,  August,  October,  and  December  of  each  year,  after  the  first  payment  on  aoconnt 
of  mortuary  premiums  hereunder  shall  become  due,  there  shall  be  due  to  the  association 
for  payment  of  death  claims  such  an  amount  as  its  executive  committee  may  assess,  as 
provided  in  the  constitution  or  by-lawe  (including  the  amount  required  for  reserve  or 
emergency  fund),  which  amount,  together  wiUi  the  dues  at  the  rate  of  three  dollars  per 
annum  per  $1,(XK)  of  insurance  hereunder,  shall  not  exceed  the  maximum  rates  as  per 
table  OBudoised  hereon,  aocordine  to  the  then  age  of  each  member.  Rates  for  ages  not 
included  in  Bald  uble  shall  be  based  upon  the  American  experience  table  of  mortality. 
There  shall  be  deducted  from  the  deposits  made  in  advance,  on  account  of  mortuary 
premiums  and  dues,  at  the  respective  succeeding  bi-monthly  dates  above  mentioned,  such 
amounts  as  are  then  respectively  due,  and  at  the  end  of  each  respective  year  from  the 
date  when  the  first  deposit  is  due  hereunder,  notice  will  be  sent  stating  the  then  sum  to 
be  advanced  on  account  of  mortuary  premiums  and  dues  for  each  ensuing  year,  and  show- 
ing the  excess,  if  any,  of  the  last  year's  deposits  on  account  in  meeting  the  said  bi- 
monthly assessment  for  mortuary  premiums  and  for  dues.  The  said  sums  on  account 
for  each  new  year  (less  said  excess)  shall  be  payable  at  the  same  dates  as  for  the  first 
year  hereof.  In  the  event  of  the  death  of  the  member  all  sums  paid  In  advance  for  the 
then  current  year,  after  deducting  all  indebtedness,  are  returnable  to  the  beneficiary. 

V.  All  notices  addressed  to  a  member,  or  other  person  designated  by  said  member, 
at  the  last  postpoffloe  address  appearing  upon  the  books  of  the  association,  shall  be 
deemed  a  euffident  notice,  and  affidavit  of  aadressing  and  mailing  the  same  according  to 
the  usual  course  of  business  of  said  association,  shaJl  be  held  to  be  conclusive  proor  of 
due  notice  to  every  person  acquiring  any  interest  hereunder.  And  in  the  event  of  non- 
receipt  of  a  notice,  it  sliall  be  nevertheless  a  condition  precedent  to  the  continuance  of 
this  policy,  that  a  sum  equal  at  least  to  the  amount  of  the  last  preceding  mortuary  pre- 
mium and  dues  paid,  shall  be  paid  said  association  within  thirty  days  from  the  first  week 
day  of  the  month  when  due,  and  any  deficiency  in  said  amount  shall  be  paid  upon  the 
demand  of  the  association.  Notice  that  a  mortuary  premium  and  dues  are  payable  to 
said  association  at  the  dates  written  on  the  first  page  of  this  policy,  in  every  year,  is 
hereby  given  and  accepted  for  all  purposes. 

VI.  Twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the  net  receipts,  as  provided  in  the  constitution  or  by- 
laws, from  mortuary  premiums  paid  under  this  policy,  shall  be  added  to  the  reserve  or 
emeiTgency  fund,  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of  the  memoers :  and  the  net  interest  on  the 
same,  as  it  accrues,  sliall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  death  fund,  to  be  used  in  provid- 
ing for  current  death  claims.  The  reserve  or  emergency  fund  above  $100,000  may  be 
applied  to  the  payment  of  claims  in  excess  of  the  American  experience  tables  of  mor- 
tality, or  to  making  up  any  deficiency  that  may  exist  in  the  death  fund.  The  total  assets 
of  the  association,  including  its  reserve  or  emereency  fund,  and  accretions  thereon,  and 
also  the  amount  held  or  deposited  in  the  death  fund  account,  and  the  proceeds  from  the 
next  mortuary  call  are  hereby  made  liable  for  the  payment  of  all  benefits  payable  under 
this  poUcy,  and  the  insurance  hereunder  Is  conditional  thereupon. 

vn.  After  this  policy  shall  have  continued  in  force  ten  years  the  actuary  of  the  as- 
sociation will  annually  thereafter,  while  the  same  is  in  force,  determine  and  credit 
thereto  the  equitable  proportion  to  which  this  policy  is  entitled  from  its  contribution  to 
the  reserve  or  emergency  filnd  for  the  tenth  respective  year  prior  to  said  credit  (includ- 
ing an  equitable  proportion  of  the  contribution  of  those  of  the  same  class  whose  policies 
have  terminated) ;  which  amounts  so  determined  and  credited  may  be  used  toward  pay 
ment  of  future  uues  and  mortuary  premiums.  In  case  of  the  death  of  the  member  the 
sum  apportioned  and  standing  to  the  credit  of  this  policy,  as  determined  by  said  actuary, 
in  the  reserve  or  emergency  fund,  shall  be  paid  to  the  beneficiary,  in  addition  to  the 
amount  hereby  insured. 

VIII.  Provided  this  policy  shall  have  been  in  contlnuons  force  for  the  period  of 
fifteen  years  from  its  date,  then,  in  that  event,  provided  the  member  shall  notify  said 
association  in  writing  at  least  one  year  before  the  expiration  of  said  fifteen  years  that  he 
desires  to  surrender  mis  policy,  and  to  have  paid  him  in  cash  the  equitable  share  of  the 
surplus,  reserve,  or  emergency  fund  accumulations  hi  which  this  policy  is  entitled  to  par  t 

-^—-^ )gLe 


864  t'OLICT  FOBHB,  LiFM. 

tidiMte  ;  then,  after  receipt  of  each  vrritten  notice,  as  af oreeeid,  the  actoaiy  of  said  as- 
Bociation  will  determine  and  credit  to  said  member,  npon  the  books  of  the  aecocifttion, 
the  equitable  proportion  to  whkh  this  policy  is  entitled  by  its  contributions  to  the  reserve 
or  emergency  fund,  including  the  then  equitable  share  of  such  reserve  or  emerfpency  fuod 
accumuuttions  contributed  thereto  by  members  otherwise  participating,  whose  poLicit« 
have  terminated  by  death,  expiry,  and  lapse,  and  after  deducting  any  sums  that  miij 
have  been  used  or  i>aid,  as  per  section  YII  of  this  policy,  the  remainder,  so  determinea 
by  said  actuary  as  af  orcsaiil,  and  standing  to  the  credit  of  such  mouber  upon  the  booke 
or  the  association,  shall  at  the  expiration  of  said  fifteen  (16)  years  be  paid  in  cash  to  said 
member,  and  thia  policy  shall  thereupon  become  null  and  void,  and  be  sunendered  to 
said  association. 

IX.  Death  of  Haid  member,  caused  by  engaging  in  any  violation  of  law,  or  by  hi« 
own  hand,  whether  sane  or  insane,  voluntary  or  involuntary,  is  not  a  rislc  aaflumed  by 
this  contract  h  ithin  three  years  from  its  date. 

X.  Permissiion  is  hereby  granted  to  said  member  to  ent«r  the  military  or  na^-al 
service  of  the  United  States  of  America,  but,  should  death  of  the  member  occur  within 
six  months  from  the  date  of  wounds  received  while  in  such  miliiary  or  naval  aervMc 
such  death  is  not  a  risk  assumed  by  the  association  in  this  contract,  and,  in  such  case 
there  shall  be  payable,  subject  to  all  the  conditions  of  this  contract,  only  a  sum  equal  to 
the  amount  of  the  premiums  paid  by  said  member.  But  in  all  other  respects  the  occa- 
pation  in  the  military  or  naval  service  is  not  prohibited,  and  permission  is  hereby  (granted 
to  enter  the  service  of  the  militia  in  any  state  of  the  United  States  withoat  restriction. 

Xi.  Mo  assignment  of  this  policy  or  change  of  txnieflciaries  shall  be  valid  withoot 
the  consent  of  the  association,  and  upon  such  terms  as  shall  be  approved  by  its  secretary 
or  iissistant  secretary.  The  association  shall  not  be  responsible  for  the  validity  of  aoj 
asHignment.  The  assignee  or  beneficiary  must  liave  an  insurable  interest  at  the  time  <rf 
the  assignment  or  transfer  of  this  policy  ;  claims  by  any  creditor  as  beneficiary  or  as- 
signee, shall  not  exceed  the  amount  of  the  actual  bona  tide  indebtednem  of  the  member 
to  him  existing  at  the  time  claim  matures  hereunder,  including  premiums  paid  by  stud 
creditor  hereon,  with  interest  not  to  exceed  the  rate  of  six  per  centum  per  annum.  A 
sworn  statement  in  detail  of  said  indebtedness  must  be  rendered. 

XII.  This  contract  should  be  governed  by  and  construed  only  according  to  the  lawc 
of  the  state  of  New  York,  the  place  of  this  contract  l)clng  expressly  agreed  to  be  the 
home  ofiice  of  said  association  in  the  city  of  New  York  ;  and  no  action  at  law  or  suit  m 
equity  shall  be  maintained  hereon,  or  recovery  had,  unless  such  action  or  suit  is  o(»b>< 
menced  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  death  of  said  member. 

National  Life  Inbubancb  Company  of  Ybrmont.  The  forms 
issued  by  this  compauy  in  1892  were  the  "  option  life/'  on  which 
whole  life  and  limited  payment  life  policies  were  written,  the  "life 
rate  endowment/'  and  "endowment  bond/'  and  ''renewable  term/' 

Option  L\f€.    An  insurance  of dollars,  is  hereby  granted  on  the  life 

of ,of (the  insured)  p^iyable  at decease  to 

(the  beneficiary)  or  surviving  the  aforesaid  beneficiary  to 

legal  representatives  or  assigns  upon  presenttition  of  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of 
insured,  after  deducting  therefrom  all  indebtedness  to  the  companv  which  may  have 
been  incurred  on  account  of  this  contract,  together  with  the  residue.  If  any,  of  the  year's 
premium. 

This  contract  is  issued  by  the  National  Life  insurance  company  of  Montpelier,  V«- 
mont,  and  accepted  by  the  insured  and  beneficiary  under  the  following  conditioua : 

A  premium  of dollars  shall  be  paid  to  said  company  upon  the  deliyerr 

of  this  policv,  and  a  like  sum  on  or  before  the day  of dur- 
ing the  continuance  of  this  contract  in  each  year  for  tiie  term  of 

Failure  to  pay  any  premium,  or  an^'  part  thereof,  or  any  note  given  therefor,  wheo 
due,  sliall  cancel  the  insurance  and  this  contract ;  if,  however,  lapse  occurs  after  three 
full  annual  premiums  have  been  paid,  the  company  guarantees : 

First— Without  any  action  of  the  insured,  a  paid-up 


l^'jthout  any  action  of  the  insured,  a  paid-up  non-participating  policy  for 
.dollars.    Or  Second  — Uix)n  surrender  of  this  policy  witnin  two  monUi^. 

a  ca>*h  value  of dollars.    Or  Third  —  Upon  application  within  two  monthd 

to  give  extended  insurance  for  full  amount  of  this  p<jlicy  tor years, 

dayn. 

Thit  flret  dl»trihiiti»>u  of  tmrpluK  will  In;  miwle and  on  annual  distiilHitioQ 

tlu'H'af  itT  if  the  i>n'niiitin  puyinentj^  required  by  thin  contract  are  made.  Surplus  app<»r- 
titiiUMl  nijiy  Ik«  :  lirsi  —  witiidruwii  in  ca.xh  ;  or  tecoiul  —  applied  to  purchase  itaid-up  iu- 
r.mcf  <>r  the  tsiino  kind  as  this  policy,  provided  a  sutiafaclory  medical  examlnadoi]  is 
furuit»hed  ;  or  third  — used  to  pay  future  premiums  on  this  policy  If  the  term  for  which 
premium  payments  are  requhxxi  by  this  contracl  has  not  already  been  completed ;  t«r 


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t*OLICT  PORHS,   litFB.  866 

fourth— applied,  together  with  the  guaranteed  cash  surrender  value,  to  the  purchase  of 
an  annuity. 

Tiiia  policy  ip  Bnbject  to  the  Mmitntlone  and  conditions  named  upon  the  back  hereof  ^ 
which,  with  the  application,  arc  made  a  part  of  this  contract. 

Life  Bate  Endowment.  This  policy  elves  surrender  options  after 
two  full  annual  premiums  have  been  paid,  and  provides  : 

Whenever  the  accumulation  of  payments  on  this  policy,  first  deducting  Insurance 
charees  under  the  established  rules  of  the  company,  equals  the  sum  at  risk,  the  same 
shalTbe  paid  to  insured  as  an  endowment.  Extra  payments  may  be  made,  and  accounts 
will  be  furnished  on  application  therefor,  showing  the  balance  or  accumulation  up  to  the 
first  day  of  January  of  the  current  year. 

Endowment  Bond,  This  gives  the  same  options  on  surrender  as  the 
"  option  life,"  ana  is  payable  as  an  endowment  at  the  time  agreed  on. 
It  has  the  same  conditions  on  back. 

Cfonditlont  and  Limitations  R^errtd  to  Herein,  and  Which  are  Made  a  Part  of  This 

Contract. 

The  insured  may  travel  or  reside  within  the  United  States,  Dominion  of  Canada, 
Boropc,  or  the  Bermuda  Islands,  except  in  localties  where  the  yellow  fever  Is  prevailing 
at  the  time  as  an  epidemic,  and  may  make  voyages  in  first-class  vessels  by  the  usual 
routes  to  and  from  ports  therein. 

Travel  and  resiaence  outside  of  the  above  limits,  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of 
war,  or  change  to  a  hazardous  employment  will  subject  the  insured  to  the  payment  of 
an  extra  premium  to  be  determined  by  the  company,  which,  if  not  paid  at  the  assump- 
tion of  such  extra  risk,  shall  not  invalidate  this  contract,  but  shall  be  a  Hen  thereon. 

Should  the  insured  die  within  three  years  after  the  election  of  extended  insurance,     i 
as  herein  provided,  there  will  be  deducted  from  the  amount  payable  the  sum  of  all  the 

Eremiums,  with  interest,  that  would  have  become  due  on  this  policy  if  it  had  continued 
1  force. 

Death  as  the  result  of  engaging  in  a  duel,  or  In  violation  of  law,  and  self-destruction 
within  two  years  from  date  hereof,  whether  sane  or  Insane,  are  not  risks  assumed  by  the 
company  under  this  contract ;  otherwise,  this  policy  will  be  Incontestable,  except  for 
fraud  or  non-payment  of  premium. 

Ko  suit  shall  be  brought  against  the  company  for  claims  under  this  policy  after  three 
years  from  time  right  of  action  accrues. 

All  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  In  Montpcller,  Vermont,  but  will 
be  accepted  when  paid  to  agents  of  the  company  in  exchange  for  Its  receipts  signed  by  its 
president  or  secretary. 

Agents  are  not  authorized  to  extend  the  time  for  payment  of  any  premium,  and  can- 
not give  credit,  make,  alter,  or  discharge  contracts,  nor  waive  forfeitures.  Any  errors 
made  in  understating  the  age  of  the  insured  will  be  a4}usted  by  paying  such  amount  as 
the  premiums  paid  would  purchase  at  the  table  rate. 

Kotice  of  assignment  of  this  policy  must  be  forwarded  to  the  home  office,  and  the 
assent  of  the  c<mipany  obtained  to  same ;  the  company  will  not,  however,  assume  re- 
sponsibility as  to  the  validity  of  any  assignment 

Bsnetoable  Term,  This  is  a  ten  year  term  policy  renewable  at  the 
option  of  the  insured. 

The  application  has  the  following  warranty : 

I  hereby  certify  that  I  have  read  all  the  statements  and  answers  In  this  application, 
and  warrant  and  agree  that  no  clrcumetiince  or  information  has  bevn  wit'ihcUi  or 
omitted  touching  my  past  and  present  st^ite  of  health  and  habits  uf  \Ui\  and  tliut  timid 
statements  and  answers,  together  with  this  declaration,  as  well  aw  tho.o  made  or  to  Ikj 
made  to  the  company's  mecllcal  examiner,  are  true  and  shall  be  the  baniH  of  the  contract 
applied  for.  which  shall  not  take  effect  till  the  first  premium  Hhall  huve  Ix-en  actually 
paid  on  delivery  of  contract  during  my  life  and  good  hetilth ;  I  furtluT  ugree  that  s»ld 
contract,  If  Issued,  shall  at  all  times  ana  places  be  held  and  construed  to  ha  v«  l>wu  inatlc  at 
Montpelier,  Vermont,  and  that  in  any  distribution  of  surplus,  thcprincipl'-^  and  nieihods 
which  may  be  adopted  by  the  company  for  such  distribution,  and  iis  dctonniuation  of 
the  amount  equitably  belonging  to  any  insurance  which  m»y  be  issued  under  this  appli- 
cation, shall  be  and  are  hereby  ratified  and  accepted  by  and  for  every  pernon  who  shall 
have  or  claim  any  interest  under  such  insurance  and  that  the  receipt  of  the  insured  may 
be  accepted  by  the  company  In  full  surrender  of  all  dividend  additions. 

National  Life-Maturity  Insusancb  Company,  This  company 
issues  a  "  distribution  policy,"  and  a  **  renewable  term  "  policy.       xqJp 


M6  POUCT  PORHB,  LiVtf. 

DUtrilmtUm  PMcf.  In  coosidemtion  of  the  written  and  printed  ftpplicttion  tierefor 
which  Lb  1^  matniil  agreemeDt  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  a  copy  of  which  la  attached 

hereto,  ana  of  an  advance  premium  of dollars,  and  of  fntnre  premiame  as 

provided  herein, 

Doee  promise  to  pay  to or  legal  representatlvee,  the  torn  of 

dollars, nmety  days  from  receipt,  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  the  city  of 

Washington,  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of of. hi  the 

connty  of state  of deducting  therefrom  all  indebtedness  of  the 

assured  to  the  company,  indadlng  the  payments  to  become  dne  hereander  during  the 
balance  of  the  then  current  policy-year. 

The  assnred*B  annual  liability  for  expenses  after  the  Initial  policy  year,  ezdosi've  of 
cost  of  coUection  and  adJastmcnt,  and  of  taxes  and  fees  levied  by  public  authority,  is 
limited  to  two-fifths  of  one  per  cent  of  the  amount  of  this  insurance  and  one-twentietli 
of  all  premioms  payable  hereunder. 

An  amoant  equal  to  the  advance  preminm  is  dne  on  the day  of 

annaally.  until annual  premiums  are  paid ;  and,  less  the  expense  and  equa- 
tion fund  contributions,  belongs  to  the  current  mortality  fund  of  the  company.  If  the 
pro  rata  ot  the  actual  mortality  chargeable,  upon  the  basis  of  the  American  experienee 
table  of  mortality,  to  this  contract  shall  at  anv  time  be  in  excess  of  such  contnbanoiis 
to  the  current  mortally  fund,  then  the  assured  hereander  shall  be  liable  therefor.  11w 
equation  fund  interest  hereunder  shall  not  be  reduced  below  one  full  mortuary  rate. 

If  default  is  made  in  anv  payment  due,  this  contract  shall  cease  and  determtee. 


.  .of  the  amoant  of  this  insurance  as  there  have  been  annual  premiums  psid: 

or  (9)  after  five  full  annual  premiums  have  been  paid  there  shall  be  retnraed  to  the 
assured,  if  this  contract  is  surrendered  to  the  company  at  its  office  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, within  ninety  days  from  such  default,  his  net  unused  contributions  to  the  equa- 
tion fund,  together  with  annual  interest  thereon  at  the  rate  of  not  less  than  four  per 
cent. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which  this  contract  is  issued,  if  the  same  is  in  fall 
force,  the  assured  shall  be  entitled  to  an  accounting  and  the  full  benefit  of  his  thea 
unused  contributions  to  the  equation  fund,  together  with  his  pro  rata  of  the  accretiiHu 
thereto,  to  be  employed  as  he  shall  elect  within  the  rules  of  the  company. 

In  event  of  said  assured  becoming  permanently  and  totally  disabled  after  date 
hereof,  and  while  this  contract  is  in  full  force,  and  the  fact  of  such  disability  bcmg 
determined  as  provided  in  the  conditions  attached  hereto,  the  company  will  upon  satis- 
factory surrender  of  this  contract,  pay  to  him  one-half  the  amount  hereof. 

Death  of  the  assured  by  suicide  within  two  years  of  the  date  hereof,  whether 
voluntary  or  involuntary,  whether  the  assured  be  sane  or  insane  at  the  time,  is  not  a 
risk  assumed  hereunder;  but  in  every  such  case  the  company  shall  pay  to  the  boie- 
flciary,  subject  to  all  the  conditions  hereof,  in  full  disclmrge  of  all  obligations  crested 
hereunder,  the  amount  of  the  actual  premiums  which  the  assured  has  paid,  togetbtf 
with  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent,  per  annum. 

It  is  mutually  agreed  that  agents  have  no  authority  to  make,  alter,  or  discharge  aoj 
contract  In  relation  to  this  insurance  or  to  waive  any  forfeiture  hereof. 

No  suit  or  proceeding  at  law  or  in  equity  against  this  company,  for  the  recoverj  of 
any  claim  under  or  by  virtue  of  this  contract,  shall  be  sustainable  in  any  oouit  nnlec 
the  same  shall  be  commenced  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  death  of  the  assured. 

No  assignment  of  this  policy  or  of  any  moneys  payable  hereunder  wUl  be  reoognUed 
unless  first  assented  to  bv  the  company  m  writing.  This  policy  after  two  years  is  in- 
contestable, except  for  fraud,  default  in  assurea^s  payments  or  error  in  understatini; 
the  age  of  the  assured.  In  the  latter  event,  it  will  be  adjusted  by  paying  such  amoooi 
as  the  premiums  paid  would  purehase  at  the  full  rate  for  the  correct  age.  The  special 
notice  printed  hereon  is  a  material  part  of  this  contract,  which  Is  isaued  oy  the  companv 
and  accepted  by  the  assured  subject  to  all  the  conditions  and  agreements  which  appear 
thereunder. 

Special  Notice  to  Applicants  and  Poiiey-Holders. 

1.  If  said  policy-holder  shall,  at  any  time  within  three  years  from  the  date  of  tlii$ 
policy,  engage  in  extra  hazardous  business  or  occupation,  such  as  the  manofacture  of 
explosive  or  poisonous  materials ;  blasting,  mining,  or  submarine  operations ;  railroad 
or  steamboat  service  as  engineer,  fireman,  or  bralceman;  any  milltuy  or  naval  senice 
except  in  time  of  peace;  or  as  a  bar-tender,  then  this  policy  and  all  benefits  accrued 
thereunder  shall  thereby  become  null  and  void,  and  all  benefits  accraed  thereunder  be 
forfeited  to  the  company. 

8.  If  said  policy-holder  shall,  at  any  thne  within  three  years  from  the  date  of  this 
policy,  become  nabituaUy  intemperate;  or  if  permanent  disaoility  or  death  be  cansedby 


PoMCT  FoRMB,  Life.  S67 

engaging  in  a  dnel,  or  bv  his  immorality,  dissipation,  drunkenuees,  or  violation  of  law, 
then  this  policy  and  all  oeneilts  accraea  thereunder  shall  thereby  become  null  and  void, 
and  all  benefltci  accrued  theretmder  be  forfeited  to  the  company. 

3.  No  claim  for  pmnanent  disability  shall  be  payable  under  this  policy  unless  any 
medical  examiner  of  this  company  shall  be  allowed  to  examine  the  person  of  the  policy- 
holder in  resjpect  to  any  alleged  injury  or  cause  of  disability  whenever  and  as  often  as 
may  be  required  in  behalf  of  the  company. 

4.  The  question  of  permanent  disability  shall  be  decided  by  the  medical  director 
of  the  company.  It  must  be  of  siich  a  nature  as  permanently  to  disable  the  holder  of 
this  policy  and  render  him  unable  to  earn  a  living  in  any  trade,  occupation,  or  pro- 
fesedon.  If  the  decision  of  the  medical  director  is  not  satisfactory  to  the  poUcy-holder 
or  to  the  company,  either  party  may  take  an  appeal  to  a  board  of  three  referees,  to  be 
cboeen  as  follows:  Each  party  shall  choose  a  physician,  and  the  two  physicians  so 
selected  shall  choose  a  third  party,  who  shall  not  be  a  physician.  The  decision  of  such 
board  shall  be  final  and  binding  upon  both  parties,  one-half  of  the  expense  of  such 
appeal  to  be  paid  by  each  party. 

5.  This  company  cannot  entertain  any  proposition  on  the  part  of  the  husband  to 
change  the  interest  in  a  wife's  policy  while  said  policy  is  in  force  in  her  favor. 

0.  The  company  does  not  agree  to  restore  a  policy  after  lapse  for  failure  to  make 
payments  when  due,  and  when  in  special  cases  policies  are  restored,  satisfactory 
evidence  of  the  insurable  condition  of  the  party  must  be  given. 

7.  The  balance  of  payments  made  under  this  policy  during  the  policy  year  in  which 
it  is  written,  after  providing  for  its  full  pro  rata  of  actual  death  claims,  shall  belong  to 
the  expense  fund  of  the  company. 

BenewabU  Term,  This  policy  is  the  same  in  its  general  features  as 
the  above,  but  unless  renewed  before  expiration,  ceases  after  a  speci- 
fied term  of  years.    The  renewal  clause  is: 

At  the  expiration  of  this  policy,  and  others  of  similar  form  which  may  be  issued  to 
sacceed  it,  said  company  will  issue  a  new  one  of  equal  amount  without  medical  re-ex- 
amination, subject  to  mortuary  rate  for  the  then  age  of  the  policy-holder,  provided 
application  therefor  be  made  to  the  office  of  the  company  before  such  expiration;  and 
the  surplus  under  the  expiring  policy  will  be  applied  toward  reducing  the  annual  cost 
under  the  new  policy  to  the  rate  chained  under  the  first  policv ;  but  should  such  surplus 
be  insufficient  for  such  reduction,  it  shall  be  optional  ynth  the  policy-holder  to  pay  the 
cost  required  by  said  new  policy  after  the  surplus  from  the  expiring  one  has  oeen 
applied,  or  to  reduce  the  amount  of  the  insurance  to  such  sum  as  ttie  previous  rate  will 

Sro\ide  for.  The  said  new  policy  will  be  dated,  and  the  first  payment  thereon  become 
ue,  at  the  expiration  of  the  last  preceding  policy,  and  if  the  policy-holder  shall  have 
attained  the  age  of  70,  the  new  policy  will  be  written  for  the  remainder  of  life,  or  the 
policy-holder  at  his  election  may  withdraw  as  a  cash  surrender-value  the  entire 
accumulations  under  the  expiring  policy. 

The  application  contains  the  following  warranty: 

It  is  hereby  declared  and  warranted  that  all  the  statements  and  answers  as  above 
made  are  complete  and  true,  and  that  they,  together  with  this  declaration  and  agree- 
ment, constitute  an  application  to  the  National  Life-Maturity  insurance  company  of 
Washington,  D.  C,  for  a  policy  of  insurance,  and  are  offered  as  a  consideraiion  for  the 
policy  hereby  applied  for.  And  it  is  agreed  that  there  shall  be  no  contract  of  insurance 
antil  a  policy  shall  have  been  issued  and  delivered  by  the  said  company  to  the  applicant, 
and  the  advance  payment  of  $ is  paid  while  the  person  proposi'd  for  insur- 
ance is  in  the  same  condition  of  health  described  in  this  application  ;  and  that  if  said 
policy  be  issued  and  delivered  as  aforesaid,  the  declarations,  agreements,  and  warranties 
berein  contained  shall  be  a  part  thereof;  and  the  contract  of  insurance  when  made  shall 
lie  held  and  construed  at  all  times  and  places  to  have  been  in  the  city  of  Washington. 
It  is  agreed  that  in  any  distribution  of  surplus,  in  apportionment  of  reduction  from 
mortuary  rate,  the  principles  and  methods  wnich  may  be  adopted  by  the  company  for 
such  distribution,  and  its  determination  of  the  amount  equitably  belonging  to  such 
policy,  shall  be,  and  are  hereby,  ratified  and  accepted  by  and  for  every  person  who  shall 
have  or  claim  any  interest  under  said  policv.  It  is  also  agreed  that  prompt  notice  of 
the  death  of  the  insured  shall  be  given  to  tne  company,  and  formal  proofs  thereof,  in 
accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  company,  shall  be  furnished  within  three  months  after 
the  said  death.  The  agent  presenting  this  application  to  the  undersigned  applicant  is 
authorised  merely  to  receive  the  application  and  to  forward  the  same  to  the  company, 
and  if  employed  by  the  applicant  or  permitted  to  act  for  hhn  in  filling  out  this  blank, 
the  applicant  and  not  the  company  will  be  responsible  for  all  mistakes  and  misstate- 
ments of  facts  made  in  the  answers  to  Interrogatories  propounded  herein.  It  is  further 
stipalated  and  agreed  by  the  undersigned  applicant  that  the  company  shall  not  be^ 


368  POLTCT  FORMB,    LlFB. 

affected  bv  information  which  does  not  actnallr  reach  the  home  office  before  the  1km 
of  tlu-  |M)lioy;  nor  niiall  the  company  be  boand  by  any  arte  done  or  HUtementR  made  lo 
or  bv  tho  a^<'nt  uiib-jw  contained  in  the  application,  even  thoii>;h  the  application  be 
11IU«I  out  by  tti»ent,  jih  tlu*  a;;unt  in  wich  cajse  la  not  the  agent  of  the  company,  bot  of  ibe 
applicant.  Aiid  it  in  fiirthrr  underetood  that  iu  the  event  of  any  fraudalent  or  untnie 
statement  beini;  nnultj  in  anfl\v<T  to  the  foregoing  questions,  1  agree  that  the  compaay 
phall  cancel  and  n-ndcr  void  any  policy  which  may  iwue  on  thia  application  and  ibr 
physician's  certlflcato,  which  form  the  basis  of  the  contract  between  me  and  the  com- 
pany. And  I  hereby  jign^e  that  no  change  shall  be  made  in  the  policy,  nor  diall  any 
change  of  benellclarv  bu  innde  without  the  written  approval  and  conaent  of  the  company 
and  under  such  conditions  af  it  may  prescribe. 

New  England  Mutual  Life  Ikbubance  Compant.  All  the 
policies  issued  by  the  New  England  are  endowments,  either  at  from  75 
to  81,  or  earlier.  The  endowment  maturing  at  age  75  to  81,  is  a  Life 
Bute  Endowments    It  reads : 

This  policy  of  insurance  witnemeth  that  the  New  England  Mutaal  Life  iDsniaoce 

company,  in  consideration  of  the  payment  of dollars,  and cents, 

this  day  made  by of In  the  State  of be- 
ing the  assured  in  thin  policy,  and  of  the  punctual  payment  of  a  like  earn  to  be  made  in 
the  same  manner  to  them,  at  their  ottice  in  Boston,  or  to  their  agent  duly  aothorised,  on 

or  before  the day  of In  every  year  until 

annual  premiuma  shall  have  been  paid,  or  during  his  life,  If  nia  decease  shall  happen 

within years  from  the  date  hereof!  do  promise  and  agree  to  pay,  at  their 

office  in  Boston,  the  amount  of dollars,  in  lawful  money  of  the  United 

States,  to  the,said  at  the  end  of years  from  the  date  herraf, 

or  if  said shall  decease  before  that  date,  then to  his  exe- 
cutors or  adminlHtratora,  upon  receipt  of  satisfactory  proof  of  hia  dcaUi,  after  dedactinf; 
therefrom  all  indebtedness  of  the  party  assured  to  tne  company,  together  with  the  rea- 
due,  if  any,  of  the  year's  premium. 

This  policy  is  issued  by  the  company,  and  accepted,  upon  the  fol- 
lowing express  conditions : 

That  the  statemcnta  and  declarations  made  in  or  attached  to  the  application  for  thL« 
policy,  which  are  hereby  referred  to  as  the  baais  of  this  contract  and  are  a  part  therrof, 
and  on  the  faith  of  which  it  is  issued,  are  in  all  respects  true,  and  that  no  fact  has  bum 
suppressed  relating  to  the  health  or  circnmstancea  of  the  inaiired  affecting  the  interests 
of  said  company,  or  their  inducement  to  accept  the  riak. 

The  Insured  may  reside  in  the  United  States  and  its  territories  (except  in  localities 
where  yellow  fever  is  prevailing  at  the  time  aa  an  epidemic) ;  and  in  the  British  Prnv> 
luces,  and  travel  in  and  make  passages  along  the  coast  thereof  ;  and  may  go  to,  return 
from,  reside  and  travel  in,  Europe,  the  West  Indies  (between  the  months  of  XoremVr 
and  May  inclusive),  and  the  ialands  of  the  Pacific  ocean. 

The  insured  may,  without  previouB  notice  to  the  company,  go  and  remain  beyond  ibe 
above  limits  (except  where  yellow  fever  is  prevailing  aa  an  epidemic);  or  may  engd$;e  in 
any  military  or  naval  service;  or  engage  in  voyages  upon  the  nigh  seas  aa  an  oocupaii<m: 
or  In  blaating,  mining,  or  submarine  operations;  or  In  the  prodaction  or  manafactnre  of 
highly  inflammable  or  explosive  sabstances;  or  in  working  a  steam-engine,  on  land  or 
water,  as  engineer  or  fireman,  or  in  a  similar  canacity;  or  as  an  employe  on  any  rail- 
road train;  but  in  such  case  be  shall  pay  for  remaining  beyond  the  above  limits  of  nsC- 
dence  and  travel,  or  for  the  riak  of  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war,  or  for  anvi  ( 
said  occupations,  an  extra  premium,  equal  to  that  charged  by  the  company  iu  siirul&r 
cases,  which,  If  not  paid  at  the  time  of  the  assumption  of  the  risk,  shall  not  Invalid^uc 
this  contract,  but  shall  l)e  a  lien  upon  the  policy,  and  deducted  therefrom,  with  in!ere«>> 
upon  its  paynient 

Any  assignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  void  unless  assented  to  in  writing  by  mmI 
company,  but  the  policy  shall  not  be  invalidated  thereby. 

In  case  of  any  indebtednese  dne  to  this  company  from  the  asBured,  this  policy  and 
all  sums  due  thereunder  are  hereby  pledged  to  secnre  said  indebtedneea,  and  the  com- 
pany shall  have  a  lien  therefor  on  this  policy;  and  said  debt  or  demand  may  be  eetofi 
against  the  amount  due  thereon. 

Thk)  policy  is  payable  only  at  the  office  of  the  company  at  Boston,  from  which  it  b 
issued,  and  is  a  Maasachusctta  contract;  and  as  to  its  conditions,  restrictions,  and  atgtt^ 
ment«,  and  a»  to  the  validity  of  any  assignments  thereof,  shall  be  governed  by  the  Uwof 
Massachusetts. 

.  J^'i*®  }^  ^^^^^  ^^  payable  whenever  Bati8factoi7  proof  thereof  shall  have  been  fn: 
nished  at  the  office  In  Boston,  by  the  sworn  certWcate  of  the  attending  phyaictan,  d 


Policy  Forms,  Lwe.  S6d 

there  were  inj^  and  th&  fall  and  particular  statement,  under  oath,  of  at  least  one  com- 
petent and  disinterested  witneBg,  stating  the  time,  place,  ctinne,  and  circumstances  of 
the  death  of  the  insured. 

No  suit  shall  be  brought  against  the  company  on  any  claim  under  this  policy,  unless 
said  suit  is  conunenced  within  two  years  from  the  time  when  the  right  of  action  accrues, 
and  also  within  three  years  from  the  termination  of  the  life  insured. 

This  policy  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first  premium  Is  actually  paid,  and  aeents 
are  not  authorized  to  deliver  the  policy  to  the  assured  until  such  payment  has  oeen 

General  agents  appointed  directly  by  the  company  are  alone  authorized  to  receive 
premioms  at  the  day  when  payable,  and  not  afterwards,  but  cannot  give  credit,  or  malce, 
alter,  or  discharge  contracts,  or  waive  forfeiture,  and  no  alteration  or  waiver  of  the  con- 
ditjona  of  this  policy  shall  be  valid  unless  made  in  writing  at  the  office  in  Boston,  and 
signed  by  the  president  or  secretary. 

All  premiums  due  under  this  policy  shall  be  paid  hi  advance,  but  any  annual  premium 
may,  at  the  election  of  the  assured,  be  paid  m  cash,  either  in  one  sum,  or  in  semi- 
annual or  quarterly  installments,  to  be  secured  by  the  notes  of  the  assured:  it  being  un- 
derstood that  the  company  assumes  no  risk  for  the  period  covered  bv  such  deferred  pay- 
ments, bat  only  for  that  portion  of  the  year  for  which  the  premium  shall  have  been 
actoaliv  paid  in  cash,  in  advance;  and  that  in  case  of  loss  all  such  deferred  payments 
are  to  oe  deducted  from  the  amount  payable. 

The  policy  shall  be  void  if  the  insured  shall  die  In,  or  in  consequence  of^  a  duel,  or 
by  the  hands  of  justice,  or  in  the  violation  of,  or  attempt  to  violate,  any  criminal  law  of 
toe  United  States,  or  of  any  State  or  country  in  which  the  insured  may  be. 

This  policy  shall  be  void  if  the  insured  shall  die  by  his  own  hand  or  act,  whether 
aane  or  insane,  within  ttiree  vears  from  the  date  hereof;  but  the  company  agrees  to  pay 
apon  the  policy  thus  voided  the  net  reserve  held  against  it,  reckoned  accordhigto  the 
l^al  stanoJud  of  Massachusetts. 

This  policy  is  Issued  subject  to  the  provisions  of  "  The  Massachusetts  Insurance 
Act  of  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven.  Section  76.'' 

New  York  Life  Insuranos  Company.  The  principal  f ormg  in 
use  by  this  company  are  those  embraced  in  its  "  Accumulation  Policy" 
plan;  these  include  "Ordinary  Life,"  "Limited  Payment  Life," 
••  Endowment/'  and  "Limited  Endowment"  policies.  The  forms  are 
almost  identical,  save  in  those  points  which  are  necessarily  speciflc  to 
the  kind  of  policy. 

The  DUtribution  Policy  (called  Combination  Term  and  Life).  The 
insurance  is  payable  at  death  only  ;  a  single  premium  is  paid  down  for 
the  first  two  years,  and  an  annual  premium  thereafter — the  annual 
premium  being  about  three-fourths  of  the  amount  of  the  original  single 
premium.  Distribution  of  surplus  is  promised  at  the  end  of  a  period 
of  twenty  years;  if  death  occurs  in  the  last  ten  years  of  that  period,  the 
premiums  paid  after  the  first  ten  years  are  returned;  and  after  a  stipu- 
lated number  of  years  from  issue  (at  most  ages  t€n),  the  holder  is 
entitled  to  a  loan  sufficient  to  pay  the  remaining  premiums  during  the 
Accumulation  Period. 

The  Insurance  Bond,  with  Guaranteed  Interest.  This  is  a  combina- 
tion of  a  twenty-payment  life  insurance  with  a  twenty-year  deferred 
annuity, — the  amount  of  the  annuity  being  four  per  cent,  of  the  total 
premiums  paid.  Distribution  of  surplus  is  promised  at  the  end  of 
twenty  years ;  and  there  is  a  clause  providing  that  if  death  occurs  with- 
in the  twenty-year  period,  and  if  the  premiums  paid,  compounded  at 
four  per  cent.,  reach  an  amount  greater  than  the  face  of  the  policy, 
such  greater  amount  shall  be  paid. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  Accumulation  Policy  on  the  Ordi- 
nary Life  plan : 

The  New  YoT^  Life  insurance  company  by  this  policy  of  insurance  doth  promise 

and  agree  to  pav dollars  at  its  office  in  the  city  of  New  York,  to 

executors,  administrators  or  assigns,  immediately  upon  receipt  and  approval  of  proofs 

17  ...,™.,  — Ogle 


370  PoucT  FoBMB,  Life. 

of  the  death  daring  the  continaance  of  this  policy  of of in  the 

coanty  of ,  SlAte  of (herein  called  the  iosared). 

TtilB  contrart  is  made  in  connidcratiou  of  the  written  application  for  thia  policy, 
and  of  the  ajn^einenta,  otatcmentf*,  and  warranties  thereof,  which  are  hereby  made  a 

part  of  thii*  coniracr,  and  in  further  consideration  of  the  sam  of dollan  and 

. . .  .cent«,  to  lN>  paid  in  advance,  and  of  the  payment  of  a  like  som  on  the day  of 

in  every  year  thereafter  during  the  contlnnance  of  this  policy. 

InconUstalMity.  After  this  policy  shall  have  been  in  force  one  full  year,  if  it  shall 
become  a  claim  by  deatti,  the  company  will  not  contest  Its  payment,  provided  the  con- 
ditions of  the  policy  as  to  payment  of  premiums  have  been  observed. 

The  benefits  and  provisions  placed  by  the  company  on  the  next  page  aie  a  part  of 
this  contract,  as  fully  as  if  recited  over  the  signatures  hereto  aiBzod. 

BemfUi  and  ProvMoiu  Siferred  to  in  this  FoUc^, 
If  the  insured  is  living  on  the day  of in  the  yearDineteen 

hundred  and on  which  date  the  accumulation  period  of  this  policy  enda,  and 

if  the  premiums  have  been  paid  in  full  to  said  date,  the  insured  shall  be  entitled  to  one 

of  the  six  l)encflts  following : 

First— To  continue  the  policy,  and  receive  the  dividend  then  apportioned  by  the 

company,  either 

(1)  in  cash;  or 

(2)  in  any  annuity,  to  be  used  in  reduction  of  premiums,  or  to  be  taka 

in  cash;  or 
(8)  in  additional  paid-up  insuranoe,  conditioned  upon  satisfactory  re- 
examination. 

Second.->To  exchange  the  policy  for  its  entire  value,  aa  stated  below  (*),  eJttier 
(4)  in  cash;  or 
(6)  in  an  annuity  for  life;  or 
(6)  in  a  paid-up  policy. 

*  [The  said  entire  value  of  the  policy  consists  of  the  guaraqteed  reserve 

dollars  ($ ),  and  In  addition  thereto  the  dividend  then  apportioned  by  the 

company.] 

The  insured  shall  notify  the  comnany,  in  writing,  prior  to  the  end  of  the  aocnmala- 
tion  period,  which  benefit  is  selected.  Falling  such  notification,  tlie  apportioDed  divi- 
dend shall  be  applied  to  the  purchase  of  an  annuity  as  stipulated  in  benefit  (9)  above. 

No  dividend  shall  be  apportioned  or  paid  on  this  policy  before  the  end  or  the  aocu- 
mulalion  period.    If  this  policy  is  continued  in  force  neyond  the  accumulation 
and  if  all  premiums  due  have  been  paid,  a  dividend  will  be  apportioned  to  the  J 
at  the  end  of  each  period  of  five  years  thereafter. 

After  this  policy  shall  have  been  in  force  five  full  years,  the  company  will  make  ad- 
vances aa  loans  thereon  within  the  accumulation  period,  under  the  following 
conditions : 

First.—  That  premiums  are  paid  in  full  to  the  time  when  the  loan  is  made.  Includ- 
ing the  premium  for  the  entire  Insurance  year  then  current. 

Second.—  That  the  aggregate  amount  of  loans  outstanding  from  the  sixth  to  the 

tenth  years,  inclusive,  shall  not  exceed  $ . . . ;  from  the  eleventh  to  the  fifteenth 

years,  inclusive,  shall  not  exceed  $ ;  and  from  the  sixteenth  to  titie  twenticib 

years,  inclusive,  shall  not  exceed  $ 

Third.— That  the  policy  shall  be  duly  assigned  to  the  company  as  collateral  security 
for  the  loans,  and  depositea  at  the  home  office. 

Fourth.—  That  interest  at  the  rate  of  five  per  cent,  per  annum  shall  lie  paid  upon  all 
such  loans  at  the  annivenuiry  of  the  insurance  next  succeeding,  and  annually  thereafier 
until  the  loans  are  paid  off. 

Fifth.— That  the  loans  shall  l>e  for  such  time  as  the  borrower  may  elect,  not  longer 
however  than  to  the  end  of  the  accumulation  period. 

[Any  indebtedness  to  the  company,  including  any  balance  of  the  current  year^  pre- 
mium remaining  unpaid,  will  be  deducted  In  any  settlement  of  this  policy  or  of  aoy 
benefit  thereunder.] 

No  agent  has  power  in  behalf  of  the  company  to  make  or  modify  tliia  or  any  con- 
tract of  insurance,  to  extend  the  time  for  paying  a  premium,  to  waive  any  forfeiture,  (a 
to  bind  the  company  by  making  any  promise  or  making  or  receiving  any  repraaentadoe 
or  information.  These  powers  can  be  exercised  only  by  the  president,  vice>presidat, 
second  vice-president,  actuary  or  secretary  of  the  company,  ana  will  not  be  d<»Qgated. 

All  premiums  are  due  and  payable  at  the  home  office  of  the  company  unless  other- 
wise agreed  in  writing,  but  may  be  paid  to  agents  producing  receipts  signed  by  th« 
E resident,  vice-president,  second  vice-president,  actuary  or  secretary,  and  ooontenngned 
y  such  agents.    If  any  premium  is  not  thus  paid  on  or  before  the  day  when  dueTthoi 
--  (except  aa  herein  otherwise  provided;  tliis  policy  shall  become  roid,  and  all  navmeoti 

previously  made  sliall  remain  the  property  of  the  company. 


Policy  Forms,  Life.  871 

After  this  policy  shall  have  been  In  force  three  months,  a  grace  will  be  allowed  of 
one  month  in  payment  of  HiibHequent  nremiume;  provided  that  in  all  cases  when  this 
grace  is  availed  of  inter««t  at  the  rate  or  five  per  cent,  per  annum  shall  be  paid  to  the 
company  for  the  tinK  deferred.  During  the  month  of  grace  the  policy  remains  In  full 
force. 

Within  one  year  after  the  death  of  the  insured  the  company  must  be  furnished  at  its 
office  in  the  city  of  New  York^  with  proofs  of  death  which  shall  comprise  satisfactory 
statements  establishing  the  claim.  Such  statements  must  comply  fully  with  the  com- 
pany's present  forms. 

If  It  Is  foond  tliat  the  aee  of  the  insured  was  understated  in  the  application,  the 
amount  of  insurance  payable  shall  be  such  proportion  of  the  amount  of  the  policy  as 
the  premium  paid  bciuis  to  the  required  premium  at  the  true  age. 

Any  assignment  of  this  policy  must  oe  made  in  duplicate,  and  both  copies  must  be 
sent  to  the  home  office,  one  of  them  to  be  retained  by  the  company.  The  company  has 
no  rMponsibility  for  the  validity  of  any  assignment. 

Altar  this  policy  shall  have  been  in  force  three  full  years,  in  casa  of  non-payment 
of  any  premium  subsequently  due,  and  upon  the  payment  within  tibirtv  days  thereafter 
of  any  indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  policy  :  (1)  the  msurance  will  be 
extended  for  the  face  amount,  as  provided  in  the  table  below;  or  (3)  on  demand  made 
within  six  months  after  such  non-payment  of  premium  due,  witn  surrender  of  this 
policy,  paid-up  insurance  will  be  issued  for  the  reduced  amount  provided  in  the  said 
table;  or  (8)  the  policy  will  be  re-instated  within  the  said  six  months,  upon  payment  of 
the  oyerdne  premium  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  five  per  cent  per  annum,  if  the  insured 
Is  shown  to  the  company  to  be  in  good  health  by  a  letter  from  a  physician  In  good 
standing. 

N0BTHWB8TBKN  Mutual  Life  Insurancb  Company.  The  prin- 
cipal forms  of  policies  Issued  by  this  compan^r  are,  ''ordinary  fife/' 
"  limited  payment  life,"  the  same  with  semi-tontine  features,  *'  endow- 
ments," and  the  same  with  semi-tontine. 

OtxUnary  Life  Policy.  The  Northwestern  Mntual  Life  insurance  company  by  this 
policy  of  insurance,  in  consideration  of  the  statements  made  in  the  application  for  this 
policy,  which  is  hereby  referred  to  and  made  apart  of  this  contract,  and  in  further  con- 

stderation  of  the  payment,  at  the  company's  office,  In  Milwankee,  Wisconsin,  of 

dollars,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  and  of  the payment  of  a 

like  sum,  to  be  made  at  said  office,  at  or  before  noon  on  or  before  the. . .  .day  of 

In  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  promises  to  pay,  at  Its  sidd  office, 

anto beneficiar of the  insured,  of in  the 

county  of state  of the  sum  of dollara,  in  sixty  days 

after  due  proof  of  the  fact  and  of  the  cause  of  the  death  of  said  insured  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  this  policy;  the  balance  of  the  yearns  premium,  if  any,  and  any  other 
indebtedness  to  the  company  on  account  of  this  policy  being  flrat  deducted  therefrom: 

provided,  however,  that  if the  said  beneflciar shall 

sarvive  the  said  insured,  then  such  payment  shall  be  made  to  the  executors,  admintotra- 
tora  or  assljnis  of  the  said  insured. 

This  policy  shall,  if  kept  in  force,  share  in  the  surplus,  according  to  the  company's 
usace,  at  each  distribution  after  two  ycara  from  the  date  hereof,  until  all  contributions 
to  the  surplus  found  in  the  course  of  making  such  distributions  to  have  arisen  from  this 
policy  shall  have  been  returned;  but  no  dividend  shaU  be  payable  at  or  after  the  time 
defaolt  mav  be  made  in  the  payment  of  any  premium. 

And  the  said  company  further  promises  and  agrees  that  if,  after  three  or  more 
annoal  premiums  shall  nave  been  paid  in  cosh,  default  shall  be  made  in  the  payment  of 
any  premium  on  the  day  it  shall  become  due,  this  contract  shall  secure  paid-up  insur- 
ance for  such  sum  as  the  reserve  upon  this  policy  by  the  now  existing  sUndard  of  the 
state  of  Wisconsin  will  then  purchase  as  a  single  premium  at  the  company's  published 
rates,  but  without  further  participation  in  the  surplus,  on  condition  that  this  policy  be 
freed  from  all  indebtedness  to  the  company;  and  a  paid-up  policy  will  be  Issued 
accordingly  on  surrender  of  this  policy. 

This  policy  shall  not  bind  the  company  until  the  first  premium  shall  be  actually 
paid,  while  the  said  insured  is  in  good  health,  to  the  company  or  to  some  person  author- 
ized by  the  companv  to  receive  it,  and  is  issued  and  accepted  by  the  parties  in  interest 
on  the  express  conditions  stated  on  the  second  page  of  this  policy,  which  are  hereby 
made  part  of  this  contract. 

OondUioM  R^errtd  to  on  the  preceding  page  of  thit  Policy. 

1st.  If  the  said  premiums  shall  not  be  paid  at  or  before  the  times  within  men- 
tioned for  the  payment  thereof,  then,  and  In  every  such  case,  this  policy  shall  cease  and 
deCermlDe;  ana  no  premium  after  the  firet,  hereby  acknowledged,  shall  be  considered  1 


372  Policy  Forms,  Lnnft. 

ptdd  anlcBS  a  receipt  Bhall  be  given  therefor,  signed  by  the  praident  or  eecretarr,  and 
the  payment  and  rect>ii>t  of  any  premiaro  less  than  a  fml  annnal  shall  not  have  the  efftTt 
to  continae  this  policy  in  force  longer  than  three  months  in  case  of  a  qoartcrly  payment, 
or  six  months  in  case  of  a  semi-annoal  payment 

9d.  If  any  fraodnlent  representation  or  statement  shall  be  made  in  the  appli<»tkm 
for  this  policy,  or  if,  within  two  years  from  the  date  hereof,  the  said  insured  shall  paA> 
south  of  the  Tropic  of  Cancer,  or  shall  be  personally  engaged  in  blastine,  minini; 
or  snbmarlne  operations,  or  in  the  production  of  highly  inflammable  or  exploaive  sub- 
stances, or  as  engintvr  or  A  reman  of  any  locomotive  engine,  or  in  switching  or  coapUns 
or  uncoupling  cars,  or  be  employed  in  any  capacity  on  Uie  trains  of  a  railroad,  except  as 
passenger  or  sleepinff-car  conductor,  mail  agent,  express  messenjEer  or  baicgage-ma^er, 
or  In  ocean  navigation,  or  shall  enter  or  he  engaf^  in  any  military  or  naval  ser\ic^' 
(except  in  time  of  peace),  or  shall  undertake  an  aerial  voyace,  or  shall  die  in  conw- 
quencG  of  a  duel,  or  shall,  whether  sane  or  insane,  die  by  his  own  hand,  then,  and 
iji  every  such  case,  this  policy  shall  be  null  and  void. 

ad.  If  the  age  has  not  been  understated  and  death  shall  oocnr  later  than  three 
years  from  the  dMe  hereof,  the  liability  of  the  company  shall  not  be  diapnted  on  accooot 
of  any  statement  in  the  application,  except  in  case  of  actual  fraud. 

4th.  In  everv  ciuk  wnere  this  policy  siiall  cease  or  become  void,  all  payments  there- 
on shall  be  forfeited  to  the  company,  bat  paid-up  insurance  will  be  granted  as  within 
provided. 

6th.  If,  within  five  years  from  the  date  hereof,  the  said  insured  becomes  liabftoaUy 
intemperate,  or  so  far  intemperate  as  to  induce  delirium  Uvmens,  then  and  In  either  socb 
case  tne  company  may,  within  said  five  vears,  but  durine  his  lifetime,  cancel  this  policr, 
and  thereupon  shall  be  absolved  from  all  liability  upon  the  same,  except  only  that  it  shall 
pay  the  amount  of  the  reserve,  computed  aocoraiiig  to  the  now  existing  standard  of  the 
state  of  Wisconsin,  if  this  policy  be  surrendered  in  the  lifetime  of  the  inaured  and 
within  one  year  from  the  cancellation  of  the  same. 

6th.  If  this  policy  shall  be  assigned,  a  duplicate  of  the  assignment  shall,  within 
thirty  days,  be  given  to  the  company,  and  due  proof  of  interest  shall  be  produced 
on  making  claim. 

Limited  Payment  Life.  This  is  tlie  same  form  except  as  to  pay- 
ment of  premiums  and  paid-up  policy.  The  endowment  policy  uses 
the  same  form  with  the  addition  of  endowment.  The  Semi-TokUna, 
both  Life  and  Endowment,  use  the  same  form,  but  have  in  addition  to 
the  six  conditions  the  following: 

7th.  No  dividend  shall  be  allowed  or  paid  upon  this  policy,  unless  the  insured  shall 
survive  the  completion  of  ita  tontine  dividend  period,  and  unleas  this  policy  shall  then 
be  in  force. 

8th.  The  condition  last  preceding  being  contained  in  all  polidee  Issued  on  the 
semi-tontine  plan,  all  savings  made  in  consequence  of  It  shall  be  apportioned  equltabl; 
among  such  policies  issued  on  that  plan  as  shall  complete  their  tonune  dividend  periods. 

9t[L  Upon  the  completion  of  the  tontine  dividend  period,  provided  this  policy  ^^^ 
not  have  been  terminated  previously  by  lapse  or  death,  the  said  insured,  and  his  assigne 
if  creditors,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  any  other  person  named  within  aa  benefici^iry, 
have  the  option  either: 

First,  to  withdraw  in  cash  the  accumulated  surplus  apportioned  by  tihe  company  to 
this  policy. 

Secondly,  to  appiv,  in  reduction  of  the  subsequent  premiums  falling  due  upon  thL^ 
policv,  tht!  value  of  said  surplus,  distributed  in  uniform  annual  installments,  provided 
that  In  any  year  in  which  the  amount  derived  fr  *^  '"  "  "        "    ^      -^        •-*  -• 


1  any  year  in  which  the  amount  derived  from  such  installment,  together  with  the 
annnal  dividend  on  this  policy,  shall  exceed  the  amount  of  premium  due  thereon,  the 
excess  shall  be  paid  in  cash;  and  provided  further,  that  in  case  of  non-payment  of  pi«- 


minm,  after  the  expiration  of  the  tontine  dividend  period,  the  then  value  of  siUd  install- 
ments yet  unpaid  shall  be  applied,  If  sufficient,  to  pay  such  premium,  the  amount  of  tiM 
annnal  inntallment  bi'in^  thereafter  reduced  in  proportion. 

Thirdly,  on  funiishiug  satisfactory  proof  that  the  insured  is  then  in  good  health,  to 


apply  said  surplus  to  the  purchase  of  a  non-forfeitable  participating  paid-up  addition  ia> 

the  face  of  this  policy;  or,  without  proof  of  good  ^  -^^^    '        •"         '      - 

chase  an  annuity  at  the  company's  published  rates. 


'ace  of  this  policy;  or.  without  proof  of  good  health,  to  apply  said  surplus  to  por- 

e  an  annuity  at  the  company's  published  rates. 

Fourthly,  to  surrender  this  policy  and  receive  therefor  in  cash  its  entire  share 
oi  assets,  that  is,  the  accumulated  reserve,  together  with  the  surplus  apportioned,  wbkb 

reserve  the  company  guarantees  shall  not  be  less  than dollars,  in  additioo  to 

said  surplus;  or 

Fifthly,  to  surrender  this  policy  and  apply  said  entire  share  of  assets  to  tbepurchase  of 
a  non-participathig  paid-up  policy,  payable  in  cose  of  death  to  the  beneflcuirr  thersn 


Policy  Forms,  Life.  878 

named,  if  any,  or  otherwise  to  tlie  execntors,  admioiptrators,  or  assigns  of  the  said  insured ; 
provided,  that  if  the  amount  of  such  paid-up  policy  shall  exct*cd  the  amount  hereby 
insured,  such  paid-up  policy  shall  not  be  issued  unless  satisfactory  proof  be  furnished 


U  no  notice  in  writing  of  the  wav  elected  in  which  to  a|j>ply  the  tontine  dividend  be 
_    en  to  the  company  wUhin  sixtv  aavs  after  tho  completion  of  the  tontine  di  " 
period,  then  the  tontine  dividend  shall  be  applied  in  the  second  way  mentioned. 


10th.  No  note  can  be  accepted  for  any  premium,  nor  can  this  policy  be  restored,  in 
uwce  of  default  in  the  payment  of  any  premium,  later  than  sixty  days  after  the  date  of 
each  default,  and  then  only  i)royided  the  insured  furnishes  evidence  of  goo<l  health,  and 
provided  also  that  the  premium  be  paid  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  se\'en  per  cent,  per 
auDum,  before  the  expiration  of  said  sixty  days. 

The  second  paragraph  of  the  ninth  condition  does  not  apply  to 
limited  payment  semi-tontine  policies. 

P£NN  Mutual  Lifr  Inburakcb  Company.  This  company  issues 
the  ordinary  forms  of  life  and  endowment  policies,  which  are  incon- 
testable after  two  years  except  for  non-payment  of  premium.  Tho 
general  provisions  of  all  its  policies,  of  which  it  issues  a  great  variety, 
are  almost  identical  except  the  changes  necessary  to  carry  into  effect 
the  difference  in  the  plans.  Some  are  entitled  to  surrender  values  only 
after  three  annual  payments  of  premiums,  but  the  extension  feature 
applies  to  all  forms.  The  company  will  also  lend  upon  its  policies 
two-thirds  of  the  reserve. 

Ordinary  Life  Policy.  The  Penn  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  of  Phil- 
adelphia, in  consiacralion  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  which  is  hereby  made  a  part 
of  this  contract  (a  copy  of  which  is  hereto  attached),  hereby  promises  to  pay  at  its 

homo  office  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  unto 

,  executors,  aaministrators,  or  assigns, 

dollars  (tlie  unpaid  portion  of  the  year's  premium,  if  any,  and  any  indebtedness  to  the 
company  on  account  of  this  contract  to  be  first  deducted  therefrom),  upon  satisfactory 

proof,  at  its  said  oflloe,  of  the  death  of the  insured,  of in 

the  county  of ,  state  of during  the  continuance  in  force  of 

this  policy,  upon  the  following  conditions,  viz.: 

The  pavment  to  the  company  at  its  home  office,  of  the  sum  of dollars, 

at  the  date  nereof,  and  of  the annual  premium  of dollars, 

at  or  before  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  on  the day  of in  every 

year  during  the  continuance  of  this  contract,  the  insured  to  be  in  good  health  at  the  time 
of  the  delivery  to  him  of  this  policy. 

The  company  will,  while  this  policy  is  in  force,  by  payment  of  premium,  loan  upon 
it  as  collateral  security,  after  three  years'  premiums  have  been  paid  thereon,  an  amount 
as  per  table  printed  on  the  back  hereof. 

If  this  policy  shall  become  void,  all  payments  previously  made  upou  it  shall  be  for- 
feited to  the  company,  but  If  the  lapse  shall  occur  by  non-payment  of  premium  after  two 
fall  annual  premiums  have  been  paid,  the  company  will,  suoject  to  the  other  conditions 
of  the  policy: 

First— Extend,  without  participation,  the  full  amount  insured  by  this  policy  for  as 
many  years  and  days  as  the  full  reserve,  by  the  actuaries'  four  and  one-half  per  cont. 
table  of  mortality,  at  the  time  of  such  lapse  (less  any  indebtedness  upon  this  policy  under 
the  company's  rules),  will  carry  the  same  at  the  pnt«cnt  established  rates  of  the  company; 
but  if  death  shall  occur  within  thrt-e  years  after  such  lapse  by  non-payment  of  premium, 
and  during  such  extension  of  insurance,  there  shall  be  deducted  from  the  amount  imy- 
able  the  sum  of  all  the  accrued  preniintUH  (K'ss  surplus),  with  interest  thereon. 

Or  Second— Ui)ou  written  application  by  the  ownrr  of  this  policy,  and  the  surrender 
of  all  claliuH  thereunder  to  the  company  ut  Its  home  oOlce,  within  sixty  days  after  such 
lapse,  will  grant  uon-pnrtici puling,  iiiiiu-up  insurance  payable  at  death,  for  nuch  sum  as 
tlie  alM}ve-(le}<crilM^i  net  value  wilTpiircliiit*!*  at  the  then  age  of  the  insured  at  the  rates  of 
the  company,  printed  u)>on  the  back  of  the  i)oli(  y. 

The  Insured  under  this  policy  Is  p('rniitte<l  to  Hcrve  in  the  militia,  or  in  the  military 
or  naval  forces  of  the  Unitid  States  in  time  of  pcaco,  without  prejudice  to  his  policy; 
and  he  may  so  engage  or  ser>e  in  time  of  war  u|X)n  payment  of  an  extra  premium  tlu'rV- 
for,  not  to  exceed  three  per  centum  per  annum  upon  the  amount  insured.  But  should  ' 
surh extra  premium  for  war  hazard  be  unpaid  at  the ihne  the  rink  is  Incurred,  this  policy 
shall  not  l>e  Invalidated  thereby,  but  such  premium  shall  be  a  lien  thereon  and  be 
deducted  with  interest  at  its  maturity.  Notice  of  active  service  in  time  of  war  shall  be  t 
given  to  the  company  as  soon  as  may  reasonably  be  done.  ^,y,„^^^  .^  _  _  OQ IC 


874  Policy  Forms,  Lifb. 

Should  the  age  of  the  insured  be  incorrectly  stated,  the  unount  payable  1 
shall  be  such  proportion  of  the  sum  insured  tm  the  premium  paid  bean  to  the  required 
premium  at  the  correct  a^ie  of  the  insured. 

Proofs  of  dcnth  nhall  be  furnished  within  six  months  after  the  ascertained  death  of 
the  Insured,  and  in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  company. 

Any  assi^ment  of  this  policy  shall  be  attached  hereto,  and  a  duplicate  thereof  fur- 
nished said  company;  and  any  claim  a^nst  this  company  arising  undo*  this  policy, 
made  by  any  assii^ee,  shall  be  subject  to  proof  of  interest;  but  in  no  case  does  the  com- 
pany f^arantee  the  validity  of  an  aissifnimcnt. 

No  airent  shall  have  power  to  alter  or  change  in  anv  way  the  terms  of  this  contracts 
or  to  waive  forfeiture  or  to  write  anything  on  this  policy.  Beceipts  for  premiums  are 
not  valid  unless  signed  by  either  the  president,  vice-president,  aecretary,  and  treasurer, 
or  actuary  of  the  company. 

Ph(enix  Mutual  Lifb  Ikiurancb  Gohpakt.  This  company 
issues  ''ordinary"  and  "limited  premium  life,"  "annual,"  and  *' ten- 
premium  endowment,"  "life-endowment-annuity,"  and  "ten-twenty" 
policies.  The  wording  and  arrangement  of  all  policy  forms  are  simi- 
lar so  far  as  possible. 

Ordinary  Life.  The  Phceniz  Mutual  Life  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut, In  consideration  of  the  statements  and  agreements  made  in  the  applicatioQ 
for  this  policy,  which  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the 

Sremium  of dollars  and cents,  payable  on  or  before  the 
ay  of in  every  year  dnrlng  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  does  herebj 

insure  the  life  of (the  insured),  of county  of state  of 

in  the  amount  of dollars,  to  he  paid  at  the  home  oflSoe  of  the 

company  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  to or,  if  the  insured  survive  said  bene- 

flciary ,  to  the  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns  of  the  insured,  upon  acceptance 

of  satisfactory  proof,  at  its  home  office,  of  the  death  of  the  insured  during  the  continu- 
ance of  this  policy. 

All  premiums  are  payable  at  the  home  office  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  but  will  be 
accepted  if  paid  to  an  aeent,  in  exchange  for  a  receipt  signed  by  the  president  or  secre- 
tary, and  countersigned  by  the  agent  designated  thereon. 

Tills  policy  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  first  premium  is  so  paid  while  the  inmred 
ie  In  good  health;  and  if  any  subfiequcnt  premium  be  not  paid  when  due,  this  polic? 
shall  cease  and  determine,  and  all  pavments  previously  paid  slMll  be  forfeited  to  thif 
company,  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

The  company  declines  to  notice  any  assignment  of  this  policy  until  the  original  or  a 
copy  thereof  shall  be  filed  in  its  home  office.  The  company  will  not  assume  anyr&- 
sponsibility  for  the  validity  of  any  assignment. 

This  policy  is  Issued  and  accepted  subject  to  the  agreements  indorsed  hereon, 
which  are  a  part  of  this  contract. 

In  witness  whereof  the  Plwenix  Hntual  Life  insurance  company  has  by  its  president 
and  secretary  signed  and  delivered  this  contract  in  the  city  of  Hartford,  ConnecticoL 
this day  of 189.. 

AgreemenU.  If  after  the  premiums  for  three  full  years  have  been  p^d,  this  coo- 
tract  shall  become  void  solely  by  the  non-payment  of  any  premium  when  due,  the  com- 
pany will  continue  It  in  force,  under  all  Its  conditions  and  restrictions  except  the  pay- 
ment of  premiums,  as  a  non -participating  term  policy  for  the  term  deecriixad  in  the 
following  table  of  "  extended  Insurance  "  -—  provided,  however,  that  if  the  insured  dies 
during  such  term  and  within  three  years  from  the  date  of  such  default,  the  premiamf 
unpaid  during  such  term,  with  interest,  shall  be  deducted  from  Uie  amount  due  bere- 
nnner,  and  pnjvidod  further  that  no  part  of  such  insurance  shall  be  payable  unli^ 
satisfactory  proofs  of  death  shall  be  furnished  within  one  year  after  death. 

In  lien  of  such  '*  extended  insurance,''  a  non-participating  paid-up  policy  will  be 
granted,  for  the  amount  specified  in  the  table  of  '*  paid-up  values,''  provided  the  premi- 
ums for  three  full  vears  have  been  paid  and  this  pollcv  be  satisfactorily  released  aoi 
surrendered  therefor  at  the  company's  home  office  while  it  is  in  force,  or  within  thrw 
months  from  default  In  payment  of  any  premium. 

At  the  end  of  the  fifth,  tenth,  or  any  Bubsequent  five-year  period  from  date  h«?reof. 
the  amount  sptM'ilied  in  the  table  of  '*  cash  values  "  will  be  paid  for  this  policy,  providol 
it  be  in  force  nnder  itii  original  conditions  at  the  end  of  such  period  and  he  sa'tisfactorik 
re]eiif^e<l  and  pnrrendered  therefor  at  the  coinpiiuy'e  home  oflice  within  thirty  days  from 
the  end  of  snch  jx'riod. 

Upon  satisfnrtory  assignment  of  this  policy  as  collateral  security,  the  companv  vr&l 
loan  upon  it  while  hi  force  nndcr  its  original  conditions,  the  amount  specified  lu  The 
following  table  of  "  loan  values,"  with  Intorcsl  at  the  rate  of  six  imjt  cent,  per  annum; 
but  no  loan  will  be  made  for  lew  than  tweuly-fiw  dollanj. 


Policy  Fobms,  Lifb.  375 

T4feSHdawrMfU-AnnuUif.  Thie  policy  form  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  ordinary 
life,  except  that  after  the  words  "  death  of  the  insured  durinji^  the  contiunance  of  this 
policy,"  there  is  added  the  following:    And  before  twelve  o'clock,  noon,  on  the 

day  of 19 ;  but  if  the  insured  be  living  at  that  time«  and 

this  policy  be  satisfactorily  released  and  surrendered  at  its  home  office  wittiin  thirty 
days  from  tliat  time,  the  company  will  give  to  the  insm«d  or  assigns  as  a  final  settle- 
ment therefor: 

FiBST dollars,  or 

SxcoND.    A  uon-particlpating  paid-np  life  policy  on  the  insured  for  his  benefit  for 

dollars,  provided  he  shall  have  filed  a  request  therefor  at  its  home  office 

one  year  or  more  before  that  time,  or 

Third.    An  annuity  of dollars  to  be  paid  to  him  on  each  anniversary 

of  that  day  and  during  his  lifetime,  or 

rouBTH,  FiTTH,  SiXTH.  Any  two  of  the  first  three  settlements,  each  for  one- 
half  of  the  amoont  stated  above,  and  subject  to  the  conditions  there  named. 

If  this  policy  is  not  satisfactorily  released  and  surrendered  at  its  home  office  within 
the  time  provided  above,  and  daring  the  lifetime  of  the  insured,  the  first  settlement 
only  will  be  given  to  the  insured. 

Ten-  Twenty.  This  is  a  term  policy,  similar  in  general  terms  to  the  ordinary  life,  is 
written  for  ten  years  at  a  level  premium,  \«ith  the  fallowing  agreements: 

At  any  time  within  ten  years  from  the  date  and  dunng  the  continuance  of  this 
policy,  the  insured  mav  exchange  it,  without  medical  examination,  for  one  of  the  same 
amount  on  any  plan  of  level  premium  whole  life  or  endowment  insurance  then  issued  by 
this  new  policy  to  bear  date  of  this  change,  and  to  be  written  at  the  company's  rates 
then  in  n»e,  and  at  the  age  of  insured  at  that  time. 

When  this  policy  has  been  in  force  ten  years,  the  company  will  extend  it  for  ten 
years  :  ore,  and  no  longer,  without  medical  examination  and  at  the  present  rate  of 
premiu:.!,  if  a  request  for  this  extension  has  been  received  at  the  home  office  of  the 
company  daring  the  continuance  of  the  policy;  and  the  company  will  grant  to  the  in- 
(iurea  at  any  time  during  this  second  term  of  ten  years  the  privilege  of  exchange  de- 
scrilied  above,  upon  passing  a  medical  examination  satisfactory  to  the  company. 

When  this  policy  is  exchanged  for  one  on  a  different  plan  in  the  manner  aescriliod 
above,  the  company  will  apply  the  full  legal  reserve  on  this  policy  and  the  surplus  then 
credited  to  it,  in  permanent  reduction  of  uie  premium  on  the  new  policy;  but  if  no  such 
excliange  is  made  all  surplus  credited  to  this  policy  sliall  be  forfeited  to  the  company. 

Pboyidbnt  Life  and  Tbubt  Cohfabt.  This  compaDy  issues 
Lifey  Joint  LiU^  Endowment,  Term,  Combined  Term,  and  Endowment, 
and  Partnership  policies. 

Ordinary  L\fe.  The  Provident  Life  and  Trust  company  of  Philadelphia,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  representations  and  stipulations  made  in  the  application  for  this  policy, 

which  are  hereby  made  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  first  premium  of 

now  dulv  poid  by and  of  the premium  of to  be  paid  on  or 

before  the day  of  every month  in  every  year  hereafter  during  the 

continuance  of  tliis  policy,  does  assure  the  life  of of county, 

state  of in  the  amount  of for  the  term  of natural  life. 

And  the  said  company  does  promise  and  agree  to  pay  the  amount  of  the  said  assur- 
ance, at  its  office  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  to executors,  administrators,  or 

assigns,  within  sixty  days  after  due  notice  and  satisfactory  proof  in  writing,  of  the 
death,  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  of  the  said  person  whose  life  is  hereby 
assured  as  fU>ove.  Any  unpaid  portion  of  the  current  year's  premium  shall  first  be 
deducted. 

Provided,  alioays^  and  it  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of 
this  policy,  and  the  same  is  issued,  and  accepted  by  the  assured,  upon  the  following  ex- 
press conaltlons  and  agreements: 

First  If  within  two  years  after  the  issue  of  this  policy  the  said  person  whose  life 
is  hereby  assured  shall  die  by  his  or  her  own  hand  or  act,  unless  proof  of  insanity  shall 
he  furnished,  or  shall  within  that  time  and  without  the  consent  in  writing  of  this  com- 
pany pre\i6usly  obtained,  travel  or  reside  south  of  the  parallel  of  36'  fiC  north  latitude 
between  tlie  first  day  of  the  seventh  month  (July)  and  the  first  day  of  the  eleventh 
month  (November),  or  be  personally  engaged  in  blasting,  mhiing,  submarine  operations, 
or  the  production  of  highly  inflammaDle  or  explosive  substancen,  or  as  an  engineer, 
fireman,  brakeraan,  or  conanctor  upon  any  railroad,  or  to  be  engaged  in  any  capacity 
upon  any  steam  or  other  vessel,  or  shall  at  any  time  during  the  continuance  of  this 
policy  be  employed  in  any  military  or  naval  service  whatsoever  (the  militia  not  in  actual 
service  excepted),  this  policy  shall  be  null  and  void. 

Second.  If  the  premiums  as  herein  stipulated  shall  not  l)c  paid  on  or  Itefore  the 
days  above  appointed  for  the  payment  thereof,  at  the  office  of  this  company  in  the  city 


376  Policy  Forms,  Life. 


of  Philadelphia,  or  to  affents  eleewhere,  when  they  prodaoe  reoeiptB  eUgaeA  by  the  pred- 
dent  or  actaary,  thte  policy  shall  become  nail  and  void,  and  thie  company  Bhall  not  be 
liable  for  the  pavment  of  the  anm  aaeared,  or  any  part  thereof.    If,  hower<^,  the  said 


preminms  have  been  duly  paid  for  the  first  two  years  of  tUs  aseuraoce,  and  this  policy 
shall  be  sarrendered  and  released  in  writing  to  the  company,  a  paid-np  policy  ebal]  be 
issued  for  an  equitable  amount. 

Third.  Whenever  this  policy  shall  become  null  and  void,  by  reason  of  non-payment 
of  the  premiums  thereon,  or  throuj^h  violation  or  neglect  bv  the  assured  of  the  stipolap 
tions  contained  herein  or  in  the  application  upon  which  it  Lb  issued,  all  payments  uere- 
tofore  made  hereon  shall  be  forfeited  to  and  become  the  property  of  the  company.  Bai 
this  shall  not  be  held  to  deprive  the  assured  from  obtaining  a  paid-np  policy  upon  fn]* 
filling  the  conditions  above  expressed. 

Fourth.  No  assignment  of  this  policy  shall  be  of  any  force  or  effect  unless  made  in 
writing,  and  recordecfby  the  company  on  its  books.  No  receipt  for  renewal  premiums 
nor  permit,  nor  any  alteration  or  discharge  of  the  contract,  nor  waiver  of  lorfeitareE 
ander  the  same,  shall  be  valid  unless  sign^  by  the  president  or  actuary. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  the  Provident  Life  and  Trust  companv  of  Philadelphia 

has,  by  its  president  and  actuary,  signed  and  delivered  this  contract,  this day 

of month,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety. . . . 

LimiUd  Payment  Life  and  Endowment  Policies,  practically  the  same 
as  above,  except  that  provision  is  made  for  proportionate  paid-up 
policies. 

Term  PoUeiee  are  for  periods  running  from  ten  to  thirty  years,  and 
are  renewable  without  medical  examination  for  successive  periods,  at 
the  rate  of  premium  of  the  advanced  age.  They  also  participate  in 
dividends. 

Life  and  endowment  policies  call  for  the  payment  of  a  full  four 
per  cent,  reserve  at  the  end  of  ten  years,  or  at  the  end  of  any  period  of 
five  years  thereafter. 

Life,  endowment,  and  term  policies  can  be  made  payable  to  the 
beneficiary  in  10,  15,  20,  25,  or  80  installments.  The  company  issues 
two  forms  of  installment  policies,  '*A"  and  **B."  Under  form  "A," 
the  number  of  installments  is  decided  upon  when  the  policy  is  issued. 
The  sum  of  installments  equals  the  face  of  the  policy,  and  the  premium 
charged  is  accordingly  lower.  Under  form  "B,"  the  beneficiary  has 
the  right  to  elect  when  the  policy  becomes  a  claim,  in  how  many  in- 
stallments he  will  receive  the  money.  The  sum  of  the  installments 
will  exceed  the  face  of  the  policy,  that  is,  will  be  the  proper  equivalent 
of  the  policy,  if  it  had  been  paid  in  one  sum.  The  ordinary  rate  of 
premium  is  charged.  Under  both  forms,  the  installments  can  be 
commuted  into  a  lump  sum,  payable  at  once. 

Provident  Savings  Life  Assurance  Society.  This  society's 
business  is  mainly  conducted  upon  "renewable  term"  policies,  but  it 
also  issues  ''limited  payment"  policies  and  a  "twenty -year  insurance 
bond."  The  forms  of  all  its  policies,  on  their  face,  are  alike,  except 
such  changes  as  are  necessary  for  the  different  terms.  Its  policies  sre 
issued  for  one,  five,  ten,  fifteen,  and  twenty-year  terms,  with  right  to 
renew,  without  medical  re-examination  at  the  end  of  each  term,  for 
the  remainder  of  lift*,  if  desired. 

Yearly  Eenewable  Term  Policy.  The  Provident  Savings  Life  assurance  societir  of 
New  York,  in  consideration  of  the  stipulations  and  agreements  in  the  application  hercfiH- 
and  upon  the  next  pac;e  of  this  policy,  all  of  which  are  a  part  of  this  contract;  and  if*. 

consideration  also  of  the  payment  of dollars  and cents,  brtns: 

the  premium  hereon  for  the  first  year,  promises  to  i)ay  to or  to ic«a. 

representatives  or  assigns,  the  sum  of (Ices  any  indebtedness  on  account  <»f 

this  policv)  within  sixty  days  after  acceptance,  at  the  office  of  the  society  in  the  dtr  of 

New  York,  of  satisfacU)ry  proofs  of  the  death  of of county  o: 

•;  •  •  • and  state  of (the  insured  under  this  policy)  provided  such  deati 

shall  occur  on  or  before  the day  of A.D.  189. . . , 


Policy  Fobms,  Life.  877 

And  the  eaid  society  farther  aCTpes  to  renew  and  extend  this  Insurance  upon  like 
conditions,  without  medical  re-examlnatlon,  during  each  successive  year  of  the  life  of  the 

insured  from  date  hereof,  upon  the  payment,  on  or  before  the day  of 

in  each  such  year,  of  the  renewal  premiums  in  accordance  with  the  schedule  rates,  less 
the  dividends  awarded  hereon. 

Stipulations  and  Agreemmtt. 

This  policy  does  not  go  into  effect  until  theilrst  premium  has  been  actually  paid  dur- 
ing ihe  lifetime  and  good  health  of  the  within  named  insured. 

All  premiums  are  due  at  the  office  of  the  society  in  the  city  of  New  York.  For  the 
convenience  of  policy-holders  they  may  be  paid  loan  authorize  agent  of  the  society,  but 
only  in  exchange  for  a  receipt  signed  by  the  president  or  secretary  and  countersigned  bv 

such  agent.    Failure  to  pay  any  premium  or installment  thereof  when  due  will 

thereupon  terminate  this  policy.  Any  unpaid  quarterly  or  semi-annual  histallment  of  the 
current  year's  premium,  and  any  other  indebtedness  to  the  society  will  be  deducted  in 
any  settlement  of  this  policy. 

The  annual  premiums  on  this  policy  may  be  paid  by installments,  as  herein- 
before stated,  on  or  before  the days  of ,  and ,  in  each 

year. 

After  deducting  the  expense  charge,  which  Is  limited  to  four  dollars  per  annum  on 
each  thousand  dolmrs  insured,  the  society  agrees  to  divide  the  residue  of  each  renewal 
premium  received  by  it  upon  this  policy  as  follows: 

Such  amount  as  shall  be  rt^quired  for  tliis  policy's  share  of  death  losses  will  be  appro- 
priated as  a  death  fund  to  be  used  solely  in  settlement  of  death  claims.  The  remainder 
thereof  will  be  retained  as  a  guaranty  fund.  The  amounts  so  retained  on  account  of  this 
I>o1icy  will  be  used  towards  offsetting  any  increase  in  the  premium  on  this  policy  from 
year  to  year;  or,  provided  this  policy,  after  five  full  years'  premiums  have  been  paid,  be 
terminated  solely  by  non-payment  of  any  stipulated  premium  when  due,  eighty  percent, 
of  any  amounts  so  retained  but  not  so  used  will  be  applied  to  extend  this  insurance;  or  if 
application  be  made  therefor  while  this  policy  is  in  full  force  and  effect,  to  purchase 
paid-up  insurance. 

No  agent  is  or  will  be  authorized  to  make,  alter,  or  discharge  this  contract,  or  to 
waive  any  forfeitnre  thereof,  or  to  extend  this  insurance,  or  to  grant  permits,  or  to 
receive  for  premiums  anything  except  cash. 

Assignments  of  this  policy  must  be  in  writing  and  a  duplicate  thereof  must  be  far- 
iiishcd  the  society.  Any  claim  arising  under  an  assignment  shall  be  subject  to  satisfac- 
tory proof  of  interest. 

The  five,  ten,  fifteen,  and  twenty-year  term  policies  are  subject  to 
the  non-forfeiture  laws  of  the  state. 

LimUed  Payment.  This  policy  is  a  limited  payment  life  policy, 
with  surrender  values  payable  in  cash  or  paid-up  insurance,  the  cash 
value  being  payable  in  addition  to  the  policy  "should  death  occur 
within years  from  the  date  hereof." 

Ttoentj/Tear  Insurance  Bond.    The  form  of  this  bond  reads: 

The  Provident  Savings  Life  assurance  society  of  New  York  promises  to  pay  at  its 

office  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 191 to 

of one  thousand  dollars,  together  with  the  surplus  then  to  be  awarded  hereon 

by  the  society ;  or,  within  sixty  days  after  acceptance  by  the  society  of  satisfactory  proof 
of  the  prior  death  of  said  insured,  the  said  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  together  wim  the 
amount  stipulated  upon  the  margin  hereof  as  the  cash  surrender  value  of  tinis  bond  at  the 
date  of  death  to or  to  h. . .  .legal  representatives.  The  stipulations  and  agree- 
ments upon  the  back  of  this  bond  and  in  the  application  herefor  arc  declared  by  this 
socie^  and  by  all  |)artics  hereto  to  be  a  part  of  this  contract  and  of  the  consideration 
therefor. 

The  application  contains  the  following  warranty: 

It  is  hereby  Jointly  agreed  by  myself  and  all  parties  in  iiiterest,  or  who  Khull  lHx;ome 
interested,  as  follows':— That  the  policy  hen'by  applied  for  shall  not  become  binding 
upon  the  society  until  the  first  premium  due  thereon  has  Ixru  uotnully  nruivwl  by  said- 
wx'iety  or  its  authorixed  agent  during  my  lifetime  and  good  health;  that  I  will  not  \vith 
in  two  years  from  the  date  of  saitl  T)oiicy  visit  or  rcHitle  in  any  phice  outnide  the  United 
States,  Canada,  and  that  ijortion  of  Europe  north  of  the  forty-second  parallel  of  north 
latitude  (except  while  voyaging  in  first-class  vessels  to  or  from  ports  in  wiid  countries) 
and  that  I  will  not  at  any  tinie  personally  engage  in  blasting,  mining,  submarine  labor, 


17» 


Digitized  by 


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878  Policy  Fobms,  Life. 

aeronautic  ai^consions,  the  manufacture,  handling  or  traneportationof  highly  1: 
bic  or  exp1o((i  ve  Hiibetances,  or  service  upon  any  Tessel,  l)oat  or  r^lroad,  except  apon  the 
written  pennission  of  the  society  in  every  nuchcaee;  that  self-destruction,  whetberswe 
or  insane,  voluntary  or  involuntary,  >i\ithin  two  years  from  the  date  of  said  policy, 
or  death  resulting  from  actual  or  attempted  violation  of  law,  are  risks  not  assamedbT 
the  society,  and  that  in  either  such  case  the  liabilitv  of  the  society  shall  be  limited 
to  any  stipulatcHl  cai*h  surrender  value  which  said  poltcv  shall  have  at  the  date  of  death; 
that  the  proofn  of  dt-ath  requlretl  shall  be  made  upon  the  blank  forms  famished  by  lh« 
society,  and  nhull  include  all  the  information  required  thereby;  that  all  provisioM 
of  law  forbidtllng  any  physician  who  has  or  shall  have  attended  me  from  disc1o«ing  any 
and  all  information  wnich  he  acnuired  by  such  attendance,  together  with  any  such  pro- 
vitdons  affecting  the  uses  which  snail  be  made  of  this  application  or  any  part  thervof. 
are  herebv  expressly  waived,  and  that  the  policy  issued  upon  this  application  shall  at  all 
tinit-s  and  places  be  constnied  to  be  a  contract  made  in  the  state  of  New  York.    Ii 
in  hereby  further  declared  and  warranted,  that  all  the  statement*  and  representationa 
contidned  in  Part  I  and  Part  II  of  this  application  or  in  any  certificate  of  health  here- 
after given  to  the  society  to  secure  restoration  or  reinstat'ement  of  said  policv,  bj 
whomsoever  they  be  written,  are  material,  and  are  and  shall  be  true,  and  with  the 
stipulated  premiums  shall  be  the  sole  consideration  of  the  contract  with  the  society  if  a 
policy  be  issued  or  renewed  there<m;  and  that  If  any  concealment,  or  fraudnJent  or 
untrue  statement  or  representation  be  made,  or  if  at  any  time  any  covenant  or  agreemeni 
herein  made  shall  be  violated,  said  policy  and  Insurance  shall  be  null  and  void,  and  all 
payments  made  or  accepted  tneroon  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  society,  except  as  provided 
therein. 

Prudential  Inbukancb  Company.  This  company  issues  "ordi- 
narjr  life,"  ** limited  payment  life,"  "endowment."  and  **  industrial" 
policies,  the  greater  part  of  its  business  being  in  industrial  insurance. 

Ordinary  Life  Policy.  The  Prudential  insurance  company  of  America,  in  consider 
ation  of  the  application  for  this  policy,  which  is  hereby  maae  part  of  this  contract,  ami  of 
the  premiums  hereinafter  stated,  promises  to  pay,  at  ita  home  office,  in  the  city  of  New- 

warfc.  New  Jersey,  unto beneficiary, of of in  the 

county  of '. .  .state  of herein  dt«ignated  as  the  insured,  or  if  the  inaond 

survive  the  beneficiary,  to  the  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns  of  the  insured 

dollars,  within  ten  days  aft«r  acceptance  of  sati8factf)ry  proof  of  the  death 

of  the  insured  during  the  continuance  of  thus  policy,  which  is  iasuea  and  accepted  sub- 
ject to  the  conditions,  agreements,  and  concessions  printed  on  the  back  hereof  and 
which  are  hereby  referred  to  and  made  a  part  of  this  contract 

The annual  premium  of dollars  and cent«  shall 

be  paid  to  the  company  in  advance  on  the  delivery  of  this  policy,  and  on  or  before 

the day  of in  every  year  during  the  continuance  of  this  polic>'. 

Conditions^  Agreernent/t,  and  Concesfions  to  the  Insured. 

Premiums  are  payable  at  the  home  oflice  of  the  company,  but  may  be  paid  to  an 
agent  in  exchange  for  receipts  signed  by  the  president,  secretary,  or  manager  and 
countersigned  by  the  general  agent  through  whom  the  premium  is  collected.  When  not 
payable  in  one  sum  at  the  beginnine:  of  each  policy  year,  that  part  of  the  anneal  prr- 
miimi  remaining  unpaid  at  the  maturity  of  this  contract  and  any  other  indebtedness  to 
this  company  on  the  part  of  the  insured  or  any  holder  of  this  policy,  shall  be  deducted 
from  the  amount  payable  by  the  company.  If  any  premium  be  not  paid  when  due,  thi* 
polic^v  shall  be  void  and  all  premiums  forfeitai  to  the  company,  except  as  hereinafler 
provided. 

The  insured  shall  not  enj^age  in  blasting,  mining,  or  submarine  operations,  nor  in  the 
production  or  handling  of  highly  inflammaDle  or  explosive  substances,  nor  in  ocean  navi- 
gation as  an  occupati(m,  nor  in  switching,  coupling,  or  uncoupling  cars,  nor  be  em- 
ployed in  any  capacity  on  the  trains  of  a  railroad  (except  first-class  paseenger  trainf\ 
nor  engage  in  military  or  naval  service  in  time  of  war  or  other  hosUliues. 

The  insured  may  reside  in  the  United  States  and  its  territories  (except  in  localiti^^ 
where  yellow  fever  it?  prevailing  at  the  time  fx»  an  epidemic),  and  In  the  British  province*, 
and  may  go  to,  return  from,  reside,  and  travel  in  Europe,  the  West  Indies  (between  the 
months  of  November  and  May  inclusive),  and  the  islanasof  the  Pacific;  but  If  Uie  insarvd 
Mliall,  within  three  vears  from  the  date  hereof,  desire  to  go  lieyond  tlie  above  limits,  bf 
must  obtain  the  wrftteu  consent  of  the  company  and  pay  the  extra  premium  usuallv  i>- 
qiiiKKl  in  such  ctts<'s. 

If  within  three  years  from  the  date  hereof  the  insured  shall  die  by  suicide  —  whclber 
sane  or  insime  -  or  in  conse<iueuce  of  his  or  her  own  criminal  action,  the  liability  of  ihr 
company  shall  not  exceed  the  amount  of  premiums  paid  on  this  policy. 

Ageuta  are  not  authorized  to  make,  alter,  or  dlacharge contracts,  waive forfeitorw,  or 


Policy  Forms,  Life.  879 

extend  the  time  for  paying  a  premiam,  nor  to  bind  the  company  by  making  any  promise 
or  by  receiving  any  representatiou  or  Information  not  contained  in  the  application  for  this 
policy. 

If  this  policy  shall  be  assigned,  the  assignment  mnst  be  in  writing,  and  the  company 
shall  not  be  required  to  notice  such  assignment  nntU  the  original  or  a  duplicate  thereof  » 
filed  in  the  said  home  office.  The  company  will  not  assume  any  responsibility  for  the 
validity  of  an  assignment. 

This  policy  may  be  adjusted  for  understatement  of  age,  but  otherwise,  three  or  more 
years  from  its  date,  the  company  sliall  be  debarred  from  raising  any  question  as  to  its 
validity^  provided  the  conditions  as  to  occupation  and  payment  of  premium  have  been 
complied  with. 

After  ttiree  annual  premiums  have  been  paid  on  this  policy  the  insured  may  borrow 
from  the  company  the  amount  written  in  the  first  column  of  the  accompanying  schedule, 
by  making  written  application  therefor  and  assigning  the  policy  to  the  company  as 
(lernrity.  The  loan  will  be  subject  to  interest,  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum,  and 
if  unpaid  at  the  maturity  of  the  contract  roav  be  deducted,  together  with  any  interest  re- 
maining unpaid,  from  the  amount  payable  by  the  company.  Or,  if  default  be  made  in 
the  payment  of  any  premium  on  this  policy  after  three  or  more  years  from  its  date,  and 
if  this  policy  be  legally  surrendered  to  the  company  within  six  montlis  after  said  default, 
a  non-participating  paid-up  life  policy  will  be  granted  for  the  amount  written  In  the 
t<econd  column  of  the  accompanying  schedule. 

This  policy  Is  issued  on  the  five-year  dividend  plan^  and  at  the  end  of  each  five 
years  from  the  date  hereof  will  be  credited  with  a  share  of  the  surplus  apportioned  to 
policies  issued  on  tliat  plan,  which  surplus  may  be  applied  to  purchase  additional 
paid-up  insurance  to  mature  with  this  policy,  or  to  reduce  the  premium  hereon  during 
the  ensuing  five  years,  or  may  be  drawn  In  castL 

Limited  Payment  Life.  This  is  a  semi-tontine,  has  the  same  condi- 
tions, and  the  additional  options,  described  below  : 

This  policy  is  Issued  on  the  accumvlative  dividend  plan^  and  no  distribution  of 

f^urplus  will  be  made  hereon  until  the  expiration  of years  from  its  date,  at 

which  time,  if  in  force,  it  will  be  credited  with  a  share  of  the  surplus  apportioned  to 
imlicies  issued  on  that  plan. 

It  is  expressly  agreed  that  at  the  time  said  surplus  is  apportioned  the  insured  shall 
have  the  privilege  of  arranging  or  converting  this  policy  ana  the  accumulated  dividend 
declared  to  its  credit,  in  one  of  the  following  ways  : 

First.  The  policy  may  be  surrendered  to  the  company  for  the  full  reserve  thereon 
computed  by  the  combined  experience  table  of  mortality  and  four  per  cent,  interest 

($ ),  and  in  addition  thereto  the  accumulated  dividend  may  be  withdrawn  in 

cat>h. 

Second.  Tlie  policy  may  be  surrendered  to  the  company  in  exchange  for  a  paid-up 
life  ix>Iicy,  and  the  accumulated  dividend  may  be  withdrawn  in  cash  or  applied  to  pur- 
chase an  addition  to  the  paid-up  policy,  proviacd  that  if  the  total  amount  of  paid-up  in- 
f^nrance  shall  exceed  the  sum  insured  under  this  policy,  the  insured  shall  furnish  the 
company  with  a  satisfactory  certificate  of  good  health. 

Third.  The  policy  may  be  continued  in  force,  and  the  accumulated  dividend  alone 
withdrawn  in  cash. 

Fourth.  The  policy  may  be  continued  in  force  and  the  accumulated  dividend  applied 
to  reduce  the  future  premiums,  if  any,  or  to  purchase  a  paid-up  addition  to  this  policy, 
provided  that  if  the  total  amount  of  paid-up  insurance  shall  exceed  the  sum  insured  under 
this  policy,  the  Insured  shall  furnish  the  company  with  a  satisfactory  certificate  of  good 

Fifth.  The  cash  value  of  the  policy  and  the  amount  of  the  accumulated  dividend 
may  t)e  applied  to  purchase  an  annuity  auring  life,  or  for  a  period  of  ten  or  twenty  years 
next  after  the  dividend  period. 

After  the  above  mentioned  dividend  period,  the  surplus  accumulating  from  the  pre- 
minms  under  the  original  policy,  if  continued  in  force,  will  be  apportionea  at  the  end  of 
every  five  years  during  the  continuance  of  the  contract,  and  may  oe  withdrawn  in  cash, 
or  applied  to  purchase  a  paid-up  addition  to  the  policy  or  to  reduce  the  premium  during 
the  ensuing  five  years. 

The  endowment  policies  have  practically  the  same  provisioBS  as  the 
above,  and  both  are  called  "accumulative  dividend  policies." 

Industrial  Policies.  The  ordinary  industrial  policy  of  this  company 
does  not  differ  so  materially  from  those  of  other  companies  as  to  make 
it  necessary  to  reprint  it.  It  issues  a  Special  Induetrial  Policy  which,  in 
addition  to  the  provisions  of  the  others,  has  the  following  : 

.,y.  zed  by  Google 


880  PoLicT  FoRMB,  Life. 

At  the  end  of  each  fifth  year  from  the  date  of  this  policy,  if  in  force,  the  ram  hereby 
insared  will  be  Increased  by  an  amonnt  to  be  determined  by  the  company,  and  based  on 
the  dorplna  eamlnes  from  similar  special  indnstrial  policies.  Bach  addition  so  made 
shall  be  considerea  as  part  of  this  policy  and  snbject  to  the  same  conditions  and  agree- 
ments. 

All  industrial  policies  are  non-forfeiting  in  accordance  with  the  fol- 
lowing agreement : 

If  after  the  payment  of  the  weekly  premium  hereon  for  five  or  more  yean,  this  pol- 
icy shall  become  void  by  reason  of  defanlt  in  the  payment  of  premiums,  and  if  at  ihe 
time  of  such  default  the  insured  shall  be  eighteen  years  of  a^  or  more,  the  compaiiT 
ai^rees  to  Issue  a  non-partlcinatlne  pald-np  policy  for  an  amonnt  compntei  acgonlin^  to 
the  first  table  below,  the  saici  p.<)ia-up  policy  to  be  contdnuod  in  force  for  the  full  exoer- 
tation  of  life  —  according  to  the  second  table  below— of  the  person  insured  at  the  oate 
said  paid-up  policT  is  issued,  provided  that  this  policy  shall  be  l^ally  surrendered  lo  the 
company  and  application  for  said  paid-up  policy  made  in  writing;  on  the  blank  obtain- 
able from  the  company  for  that  purpoee  within  eight  weeks  after  said  default. 

The  tables  referred  to  are  printed  with  the  policy. 

Statb  Mutual  Lifb  Absubai^cb  Compaht.  Substantially  the  fol- 
lowing form  is  the  only  one  used  by  this  company.  It  is  a  lAfe  Sate 
BndawTMnt, 

This  policy  of  assurance  witnesseth  that  the  State  Mutual  Life  assurance  companr  of 
Worcester,  in  consideration  of  the  representations  made  in  the  application  for  this  policy, 
which  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  payment  of  the  sum  of ....... . 

three  hundred  and  ninety dollars  and  of  the  payment  of  a  like  sum  on  or  before 

the first. . .  .day  of. . .  .June in  each  year  during  the  term  of twenty  years. . . . 

of  this  policy ;  does  insure  the  life  of Richard  Roe. , .  .of Worcester county  of 

. . .  .Worcester. . .  .and  state  of. . .  .Massachusetts. . .  .in  the  amount  of ten  thousand 

. . .  .dollars,  for  the  term  of . . .  .thirty-six. . .  .years,  and  does  hereby  promise  to  pay  raid 
amount  at  its  home  oflSce  In  Worcester,  to  the  person  whose  life  is  hereby  inaored,  or  hif 

assigns  on  the. . .  .first. . .  .dav  of. . .  .June. . .  .A.  D 1096  . .  .or  in  the  event  of  his  death 

prior  to  said  date  to  wy  said  amonnt  to  his executors,  administrators,  or 

assigns,  upon  satisfactory  proof  of  the  death  of  the  insured  after  deducting  therefrom  ali 
indebtedness  to  the  company. 

This  policy  shall  be  incontestable  after  two  yean  from  the  date  of  Its  Issue,  provided 
the  premiums  shall  be  paid  as  agreed. 

The  following  is  the  warranty  in  the  application  : 

It  Is  agreed  that  for  two  years  after  the  date  of  the  issue  of  tliis  policy,  travel  and 
residence  m  the  Torrid  Zone,  and  engagement  in  blasting,  mining,  submarme  labor,  the 
manufacture,  handling,  or  transportation  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  dcr^in* 
upon  any  railroad  train  or  track,  or  any  steamboat  or  vessel,  wul  render  this  policy  void : 
and  that  self-destruction,  sane  or  insane,  within  two  years  from  the  date  liereof,  acd 
death  in  consequence  of  violation  of  law  within  said  tune,  are  not  risks  assumed  by  the 
company  in  this  contract  i 

Tbayblbrs  Insubancb  OoMPAirr.  This  company  issues,  on  the 
stock  plan,  at  low  rates  and  without  dividends,  "whole  life,"  and 
*'  limited  payment  life,"  '*  annuity  term/'  "  annuity  endowment,"  and 
"  coupon  annuity  endowment "  policies. 

Whole  Life  Policy.  The  Travelers  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  m 
consideration  of  the  application  for  this  policy  (hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract),  aod 

of  the  annual  premium  of dollars  and cents  (which  may,  by  avscnx 

of  the  company,  be  paid  in  semi-annual  installments  of  $ ,  or  qiiarterly  in- 
stallments of  I ),  to  be  paid  on  or  before  the day  of in  each 

year  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy,  docs  hereby  insure  Uie  life  of 

of county  of state  of in  the  sum  of doIUrsi 

The  said  sum  insured  to  be  paid  at  the  home  ofllce  of  this  company,  to ,  or  i£ 

event  of  h.... prior deatli,  to ,or  if  the  injured  survive  the  aforeeald  bes^ 

flciaries,  to Icg&l  representatives  or  assigns,  upon  acceptance  of  satisfactorv  proof  if 

the  death  of  the  Insured  during  the  continuance  of  this  policy  (\e8»  the  balance  of  *n> 
partially  paid  annual  premium,  or  other  indebtedness  of  insured  or  beneficiary  to  thi'^ 
company). 

All  premiums  are  payable  at  the  home  office  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  but  will  be  ac- 
cepted if  paid  to  an  agent  in  exchange  for  a  receipt  signed  by  its  president  or  eeciettrx 


J 


Policy  Fobms,  Life.  381 

and  connterelgned  by  the  aeent  designated  thereon.  This  policy  will  not  take  effect  un- 
less the  first  premium  is  paid  while  the  insured  is  in  good  health ;  and  if  the  second  or 
third  annual  premium  he  not  fully  paid  when  due,  this  policy  and  all  claims  under  it 
shall  he  yold,  and  the  premiums  alr^y  paid  shall  be  forfeited  to  this  company. 

In  case  of  default  in  payment  of  any  premium  after  the  third,  this  policy  will  remain 
in  force  for  the  term  specified  in  the  table  of  "  paid-up  term  insurance ''  indorsed  hereon 
—  provided,  however,  that  in  case  of  the  death  of  the  insured  within  three  years  from  the 
date  of  such  default,  the  unpaid  premiums  with  interest  shall  be  deducted  from  the 
amount  insured :  or  m  lieu  of  such  term  insurance,  a  paid-up  policy  will  be  p^ranted  for 
the  amount  specified  in  the  table  of  "  paid-up  policy  values  '^^iidorscd  hereon,  provided 
this  policy  is  legally  surrendered  therefor  at  the  home  office  within  three  months  from 
date  of  lapse. 

At  the  end  of  the  fifth  and  every  subsequent  fifth  year  from  date  of  issue,  the  cash 
value  specified  in  table  of  "  cash  surrender  values  "  indorsed  hereon  will  be  paid  for  this 
policv,  provided  it  shall  be  in  force  under  its  original  conditions,  and  is  legally  surren- 
dered therefor  to  the  home  office  within  thirty  days  from  the  close  of  such  period. 

No  assignment  hereof  will  be  noticed  by  this  company  unless  made  in  writing,  the 
original  or  a  copy  attached  hereto,  and  a  copy  fumishea  this  company  immediately  on  its 
execution  ;  but  this  company  will  not  be  held  responsible  for  its  validity. 

Annuity  Term.  This  is  the  same  as  the  whole  life,  but  is  payable  in 
annual  installments,  the  first  being  payable  upon  the  death  of  the  in- 
sured. 

Annuity  Endowment  This  is  a  combined  life  and  endowment 
policy^  the  payments  being  made  to  the  beneficiary  in  annual  install- 
ments, beginning  either  with  the  endowment  period,  or,  if  the  insured 
die  sooner,  beginning  with  his  death. 

Coupon  Annuity/  Endovmunt.  This  is  an  endowment  the  avails  of 
which  are  to  be  paid  in  twenty  annual  installments  for  which  coupons 
are  attached.  If  the  insured  should  die  before  the  coupons  are  all  paid 
the  remaining  coupons  become  due  at  once. 

Tables  of  paid-up  and  cash  surrender  values  accompany  all  the 
Travelers'  policies,  and  the  forms  for  all  of  them  are  substantially  the 
same  with  the  exceptions  noted. 

Union  Central  Life  Insurance  Company.  The  latest  forms  of 
policies  by  this  company  are  *' limited  payment  life,"  with  and  with- 
out participation  in  profits. 

TioerUy  Annual  Payment  Hfe  Guaranty  Policy.  The  Union  Central  life  insurance 
company,  m  consideration  of  the  statements  made  in  the  application  for  this  policy, 


which  application  is  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the payment 

of  the  sum  of dollars  at  the  home  office  of  the  company,  on  or  before  the 

day  of at  noon  in  every  year  during  the  term  of  twenty  years 

from  date  hereof,  and  of  the  payment  when  due  of  any  and  fll  notes  given  for  premiums 

or  parts  of  same,  docs  insure  the  life  of of in  the  county  of 

in  the  state  of in  the  amount  of dollars,  with  partici- 
pation in  profits,  for  the  term  of. natural  life.  Upon  the  death  of  the  in- 
sured the  company  agrees  to  \y&j  said  amount  of  insurance  to if  living,  other' 

wise  to  the  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns  of  the  insured,  within  sixty  days  after 
the  receipt  of  notice  and  satisfactory  proof  of  death,  the  balance  of  the  yearns  premium, 
if  anv,  and  all  other  indebtedness  to  the  company  being  first  deducted. 

After  three  years'  premiums  shall  have  ijeen  paid,  except  in  case  of  failure  to  pay  at 
maturity  a  premium  note,  the  company  will,  upon  1^1  surrender  of  this  contract  while 
in  force,  issue  a  paid-up,  non-participating  life  policy  for  the  amount  named  in  Table 
*'A"  on  the  following  page;  and  if  not  surrendered  in  such  case,  then  this  policy  shall. 
without  surrender,  become  a  paid-up,  non-participating  term  policy,  without  change  of 
conditions  and  a^ements,  except  as  to  the  payment  of  premuintH  and  participation  in 
profits,  and  continue  In  force  for  such  time  as  named  in  Tablt*  "  C  "  on  the  following 
page,  at  the  end  of  which  time  this  contract  shall  cease.  In  chhc  the  insured  dies  while 
the  said  term  policy  is  in  force,  the  amount  of  foreborne  premiums,  with  annual  interest 
at  6  per  cent.,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  sum  insured. 

The  dividends  apportioned  to  this  policy  shall  be  retained  by  tlie  company  until  the 
day  of A.D.  19. ... ,  then  upon  legal  surrender  of  this  policy  the 


Policy  Fobicb,  Life. 


^i 


company  will  pay  in  cash  lt«  entire  rescnre  valoe,  aooording  to  the  American  fonr  per 

cent,  table  of  mortality,  to  wit,  the  mm  of  $ and  ite  proportion  of  dlTidende 

at  that  date,  provided  thia  policy  ahall  not  haTe  been  terminated  previoosly  by  lapse. 


The  policy  ie  issued  and  accepted  npon  the  farther  conditions  and  agreanents  con- 
tained on  the  followinfir  pa^e,  which  are  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  which  contract 
shall  be  held  and  constmed  to  have  been  made  in  tne  city  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Conditions  and  Agreemfnt. 

First  This  policy  shall  not  be  valid  until  the  first  premium  is  paid  to  the  company, 
or  its  authorized  a^nt,  and  the  receipt  hereto  attached  countersigned  by  the  company's 
agent,  and  delivered  during  the  lifetime  of  the  insured. 

Second.  The  failure  to  pay  any  of  the  first  three  annual  premiums  or  notes,  m 
interest  upon  notes  given  to  the  company  for  any  of  said  premiums,  on  or  before  Uie 
days  upon  which  they  become  due,  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  tiie  city  of  Cincin- 
nati, or  to  the  authorised  agent  on  producing  a  receipt  therefor,  signed  bv  the  president, 
vice-president,  or  secretary  (and  In  case  of  the  payment  of  a  note  upon  the  surrender  of 
said  note),  shall  avoid  and  nullify  this  policy  without  action  on  the  part  of  the  company, 
or  notice  to  the  insured  or  beneficiary,  and  all  pavments  made  npon  said  policy,  and  all 
accrued  surplus  or  profits,  shall  be  deemed  earned  as  premium  during  its  currency. 

Third.  Any  and  all  notes  which  may  be  given  for  premiums  on  this  policy,  with 
their  conditions,  are  hereby  made  a  part  of  this  contract  of  insurance. 

Fourth.  Self-destruction  by  the  Insured,  whether  sane  or  insane,  within  three  years 
from  the  date  hereof  will  avoid  this  policy. 

Fifth.  If  the  insured  should  become  employed  in  a  liquor  saloon,  or  personally 
engaged  in  blasting,  mining,  or  submarine  operations,  or  in  the  production  of  highly  in- 
flnromable  or  explosive  substances,  or  without  the  written  consent  of  the  companv 
serve  in  any  capacitv  on  any  vessel,  boat,  or  railway  train  (except  conductors,  mail  and 
express  agents,  and  baggagemen  on  passenger  trains),  or  enter  aiiv  military  or  naval  ser- 
vice, the  militia  excepted,  or  if  the  insuredshould  lx>come  a  drunkard,  or  have  delirium 
tremens,  and  in  case  of  the  death  of  the  insured  by  reason  of  any  of  the  things  above 
nnined.  in  this  fifth  condition,  or  by  his  own  violation  of  law,  this  policy  shall  iw 
immtHllately  null  and  void,  without  action  upon  the  part  of  the  company,  or  notice  to 
the  insursd  or  beneficiary,  and  all  payments  made  upon  this  policy  shall  be  deemed 
aimed  as  prcminin  during  its  currency,  and  the  comimny  will,  thereon,  pav  to  the  bene- 
ficiary named  in  this  policy  its  reserve  value,  calculated  by  the  American  four  per  cent 
table  of  mortality,  upon  legal  surrender  of  this  policy. 

Sixth.  No  suit  u>  recover  under  this  policy  shall  be  brought  after  one  year  from  the 
death  of  the  insured. 

Seventh.  After  three  years  from  the  date  of  this  policy  it  shall  be  incontestable  for 
any  cause,  excepting  the  violation  of  the  above  conditions  n^nudlng  the  occupation  of 
the  insured,  his  oecoming  a  drunkard,  or  having  delirium  tremens,  non-payment  of  pre- 
mium, or  of  notes  given  for  same  or  interest  thereon,  and  misstatement  as  to  age.  Bat 
should  the  age  of  the  insured,  by  mistake,  be  incorrectly  stated,  the  amount  payable 
hereunder  shall  be  such  proportion  of  the  sum  Insured  as  the  premium  paid  bears  to  the 
required  premium  at  the  correct  age  of  the  insured. 

Table  "A,"  on  the  back  of  the  policy,  gives  the  amount  of  paid-up 
insurance  which  will  be  given  on  surrender  from  three  to  ten  years. 
Table  "  B,"  ffivea  the  amount  which  the  company  will  lean  with  the 
policy  as  collateral  after  five  and  up  to  ten  years,  and  Table  '*  C,"  the 
term  of  extended  insurance.  The  company  guarantees  that  the 
amounts  in  Tables  "A,"  **  B,"and  ''C"  shall  increase  beyond  the  tenth 
year  as  the  reserve  value  of  the  policy  increases,  and,  if  desired,  the 
amounts  will  be  given  upon  application  to  the  company. 

Should  this  policy  bo  assigned  or  held  as  security,  a  duplicate  of  said  assignment 
must  be  filed  with  the  company,  and  due  prooft*  of  interest  produced  with  proofs  of 
death,  but  in  no  case  will  the  company  asnuine  any  responsibility  for  the  validity  of  any 
assignment. 

The  contract  of  insurance  between  the  parties  hereto  is  completely  set  forth  in  this 
policy,  and  the  application  for  the  same,  and  none  of  its  terms  can  be  modified,  nor 
any  forfeiture  under  it  waived,  wave  by  an  agreement  in  writing  signed  by  the  president, 
vice-president,  or  secretary  of  the  company,  whose  authority  for  this  purpose  shall  not 
be  delegated. 

The  stock  policy  Is  the  same,  except  that  upon  surrender  only  the 
reserve  American  4  per  cent,  will  be  paid. 


Digitized  by 


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Policy  Fobmb,  Lipb.  883 

Ukion  Mutual  Lifb  Insubasoe  Company.  There  are  no  differ- 
ences in  the  forms  used  by  Uiis  company  except  such  as  are  made 
necessary  by  the  variations  in  payments  and  benefits.  Surplus  on  all 
tontine  forms  is  divided  at  the  end  of  the  tontine  periods,  and  as  a  ton- 
tine. 


Ordinary  Life  Tontine.    In  consideration  of  the  written  and  printed  application 
thia  policy  which  is  made  a  part  of  this  contract,  and  of  the  payment  in  advance  of 
dollars,  and  of  the  payment  of  the  same  amount yearly  there- 


after, at  the  office  of  the  company  In  Portland,  Maine,  on  the  fifteenth  day  of . . 

in  every  year;  does  promise  to  pay  to h.... executors,  administrators,  or 

aesigna,  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  the  city  of  Portland,  Maine, dollars, 

upon  satisfactory  proofs  of  the  death  of  said of In  the  county  of 

state  of 

Portland,  Maine. ,180.. 

List  of  JHghts^    The  details  qf  which  will  be  found  in  the  application. 

That  in  the  payment  of  premiums  upon  this  policy,  falling  due  within  the  toutine 


,  a  jgrace  shall  be  allowed  of  one  month,  and  if  the  insured  die  during  the  month 
the  premmm  will  be  deducted  from  the  amount  payable  under  this  policy. 

This  policy  becomes  incontestable  one  year  from  its  date  of  issue. 

It  grants  freedom  of  residence,  travel,  and  occupation  after  one  year,  except  that 
military  service  in  time  of  war  is  forbidden  unless  a  written  permit  has  been  previously 
obtained. 

It  provides  in  case  of  lapse  after  the  payment  of  three  full  years*  premiums  in  caah 
for:  1,  the  benefit  pf  the  Maine  non-forfeiture  law;  or  2,  a  paid-up  policy. 

It  gives  to a  choice  of  six  methods  of  settlement  upon  the  completion  of 

the  tontine  period,  on  the day  of ,  nineteen  hundred  and 

..  ..provided  the  policy  is  then  In  full  force  by  the  payment  of  premiums,  namely: 

1.  The  surrender  of  the  policy  for  its  full  value,  consisting  of  the  entire  reserve 
amounting  to  $ together  with  the  surplus  then  apportioned  by  the  com- 
pany cither  in  1,  cash;  8,  paid-up  insurance;  3,  a  life  annuity. 

8.  The  continuance  of  the  policy  and  the  withdrawal  of  the  accumulated  surplus, 
cither  in  1,  cash;  2,  paid-up  insurance;  8,  an  annuity. 

Oua^anteed  Investm&nt  Policy.  This  policy  promises  in  addition  to 
its  payment  if  death  occurs  sooner: 

In  consideration  of  the  premises  and  In  lieu  of  all  dividends  on  the  policy  or  any 
policy  growing  out  of  it,  a  choice  of  five  methods  of  settlement  upon  the  fifteenth  day 

of nineteen  hundred  and provided  this  policy  is  then  in  full  force 

by  the  payment  of  premiums;  first  —  to  receive  In  cash dollars;  or  second  —  to 

receive  in  cash dollars,  and  a  paid-up  life  policy  for dollars;  or 

third—  to  receive  an  annuity  of    dollars;  or  fourth  —  to  receive  an  annuity  of 

dollars,  and  a  paid-up  life  policy  for dollars;  or  fifth  —  to  receive 

in  cash dollars,  a  paid-up  life  policy  for dollars,  and  an  annuity 

of dollars. 

The  incontestable  features  of  the  other  policies,  freedom  of  residence 
and  travel,  and  the  Maine  non-forfeiture  law  are  also  given  to  this. 

This  company  also  issues  what  is  called  an  Endowment  Trust 
policy,  which  is  the  installment  principle  applied  to  its  ordinary  ton- 
tine life  and  endowment  forms. 

The  applicant  agrees  that 

In  consideration  of  the  rights  as  to  non-forfeiture  stated  on  the  reverse  side  of  this 
Application,  all  right  or  claim  to  any  other  value  or  extension  than  that  provided  in  the 
said  rights^  is  hereby  specifically  waived  and  relinquished,  whether  required  by  the 
statute  of  any  state  or  not. 

That  for  one  year  after  the  date  of  issue  of  the  policy  without  first  obtaining  written 
permission  from  the  company,  travel  and  residence  within  Mexico  and  the  tropics,  and 
engagement  In  any  of  the  following  occupations  or  employments:  blasting,  mining, 

f;lafi8  blowing,  submarine  labor,  aeronautic  aincensions,  the  manufacture,  handling  or 
ransportation  of  inflammable  or  explosive  substances,  services  as  professional  gvm- 
naMts,  or  electric  wire  linemen,  or  upon  any  railroad  train,  or  in  switching,  or  In  coupling 
cars,  or  on  any  steamboat  or  other  vessel  or  boat,  will  render  the  policy  void;  ancf  that 
tielf-<]estmction.  sane  or  insane,  and  death  in  consequence  of  violation  of  law,  within 
one  year  from  the  date  hereof,  are  not  risks  assumed  oy  the  company  in  the  contract? 


ogle 


884  Policy  Forms,  Lifb. 

United  Statbb  Lifb  Insurancb  Company.  This  company  iasaes 
the  usual  forms  of  "ordinary  life,"  "endowment,"  and  "term," and 
also  a  "guaranteed  income"  policy.  They  are  written  both  with  and 
without  participation  in  profits,  and  with  dividends  payable  in  tontine 
periods. 

Oeneral  Life,  partiripating.  The  United  Btaten  Life  insnrAnce  company  In  the  cHy 
of  New  York^  in  coiutideration  of  the  stiitementB  and  agreemente  in  the  application  for 

this  policy  on  the  life  of (hereinafter  called  the  insured),  which  are  made 

part  of  this  contract;  and  in 

Further  consideration  of  the  payment  of  the premium  of 

dollars  and cents,  on  or  before  the day  of in  crery 

year  for  the  flnit yean*  of  thie  contract; 

DocH  hereby  promise  to  pay,  at  ita  ofBce  in  New  Yorlc  city,  to (berein- 

aflcr  called  the  aanured) h. . .  .executors,  adminifltratora,  or  assigns,  the  mud 

of        dollars  (less  the  balance  of  the  year's  premium.  If  any,  and  any  other 

indebtedness  to  the  company),  within  sixty  days  after  receipt  at  its  said  office  of  falisfac- 
tory  proofs,  upon  the  company's  blanlcs,  of  the  death  of  the  insared;  upon  the  condi- 
tions and  agreements  on  the  back  hereof,  which  are  made  part  of  this  contract. 

Ckmditions  and  AgrttmenU  Rtferred  to  in  t/u  teithin  Policy. 

I.  All  premiums  are  payable  in  New  York  city  at  the  company's  office.  This  policy 
shall  take  effect  only  upon  actual  payment  of  the  first  premium  hereon,  and  delivery  of 
this  policy  ixi  the  assured  (during  the  lifetime  and  sound  hetilth  of  the  insured),  in  exchange 
for  the  company's  receipt  for  said  pavnient  signed  by  the  president, j»ecretary,  assistant 
secretary,  or  actuary.  Failure  to  make  payment  of  any  8ubee<^uent  premium  either  to 
the  company  or  to  a  duly  authorized  agent  in  exchange  for  receipt  si^ed  as  aliove,  will 
render  tliis  contract  null  and  void,  except  that; 

n.  After  being  in  force  three  full  years,  a  non-narticlpating  paid-up  policy  shall 
be  allowed  in  acconiancc  with  the  requirements  of  chapter  847  of  the  laws  of  ]8<D,  of 
New  York. 

III.  In  case  of  understatement  of  age,  the  amount  payable  shall  be  the  Insorance 
that  the  actual  premium  paid  would  have  purchased  at  the  true  age  of  the  insured.  Any 
other  breach  of  warranty  or  untrue  or  incomplete  statement  made  in  the  application 
for  this  policy  will  render  this  contract  null  and  void,  provided  that  discoveo'  of  the 
same  must  be  made  and  communicated  to  the  insured  within  two  years  from  the  date 
hereof. 

IV.  Within  two  years  from  the  date  hereof,  death  by  suicide:  impairment  of  health 
by  narcotics  or  stimulants;  travel  or  residence  within  the  Torrid  Zone;  engagement  in 
blasting,  mining,  or  submarine  labor;  manufacturing,  handling,  or  transporting  inflam- 
mable or  explosive  substances;  service  upon  any  vessel  or  boat;  or  enga^ment  in  mili- 
tary or  naval  service  in  time  of  war  shall  render  this  contract  null  and  void. 

y.  This  company  shall  not  take  notice  of  any  assignment  of  this  policy,  until  a 
duplicate  ori;<inal  of  such  assignment  be  delivered  to  it  at  its  office  in  New  York  city. 

Vl.  This  policy  shall  participate  in  the  profits  of  the  company  as  determined  and 
declunnl  by  the  company  from  time  to  time. 

On  the  same  form  and  with  the  same  conditions  is  written  partici- 
pating endowments.  The  various  non-participating  forms  are  the  same 
as  the  above  except  as  to  condition  VI,  which  reads:  "  Tliis  policy  shall 
not  participate  in  the  profits  of  the  company." 

Limited  Tantine  Life  and  Endowment  policies  follow  the  same  gen- 
eral form,  except  that  the  dividend  conditions  differ.    One  reads : 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  dividend  period  aforesaid,  provided  this  policy  shall  be 

then  in  force,  'the shall  have  the  following  options:  first  to  withdraw  in  cash  the 

nmouut  hen'in  ini^ured,  and  the  dividend  ajjportioned  to  this  policy;  or,  second,  to  con- 
vert the  entire  cash  equity  into  a  life  annuity  upon  said  person  whose  life  is  hereby 
InHured. 

The  other  reads: 

upon  the  completion  of  the  dividend  period  aforesaid,  provided  this  policy  shall  be 

tben  in  force,  the ehall  have  the  following  options:  first  to  withdraw  thfs  policy"'* 

entire  cash  equity,  comprising  the  New  York  state  n»erve  value  of dollarvand 

the  dividend  apjwrtloned  to  tlie  policy ;  second,  to  convert  said  eqnity  into  a  "  paid-up 
non-participatfng  policy,"  in  which  case  a  certificate  of  good  health  from  one  of  the 
company's  medical  ozamlners  shall  be  reqmred  if  the  amoont  of  said  policy  exceeds  the 


Policy  Forms,  Lifb.  885 

original  Insnnince;  third,  to  convert  the  said  equity  Into  a  life  annuity  upon  said  person 
whose  life  is  hereby  insured  ;  or,  fourth,  to  continue  this  policy  on  the  ordinary  plan, 
and  either  apply  said  dividend  to  the  purchase  of  an  annuity  for  the  whole  term  or  life 
of  insured,  or  withdraw  Mid  dividend  in  cash.  But  if  no  notice  in  writing  shall  be  given 
to  the  company  of  the  plan  selected,  within  sixty  days  after  the  completion  of  the  divi- 
dend period,  then  the  dividend  shall  be  applied  to  purchased  life  annuity  as  provided  in 
the  fourth  option. 

Guaranteed  Income  Policy  uses  the  same  general  form,  no  dividends 
until  close  of  tontine  period;  same  general  provisions,  with  the  follow- 
ing after  V: 

VI.  At  the  end  of  the  third  or  any  subsequent  year,  this  policy  being  in  full  force 
and  effect,  the  legal  holder  or  holders  thereof  may,  by  hypothecating  this  policy,  obtain 
from  said  company  a  loan  thereon  (bearing  legal  interest  payable  in  advance)  for  an 
amount  equal  to  tne  entire  actuaries'  four  per  cent,  reserve  value  thereof,  less  the  pre- 
mium for  the  next  ensuing  year,  and  any  other  indebtednem  to  the  company. 

Vn.    The  dividend  period  for  this  policy  shall  be  completed  on  the day  of 

in  the  year  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and on  which  date,  if  this  policy 

be  then  in  force  and  be  properly  surrendered,  the shall  have  the  following  options : 

flrst,  to  withdraw  the  New  York  state  reserve  value  of  this  policy^  amounting  to 

dollars:  or,  second,  to  convert  into  a  **  paid-up  non-participating  life  policy,^  nTor 

dollani ;  or.  third,  to  convert  into  a  life  annuity  of dollars  upon  said  person 

whose  Ufe  is  hereby  insured.  These  are  guaranteed  options  resulting  from  the  tixcd 
rewrve  value  of  this  policy,  and  are  exclusive  of  the  dividend  to  be  declared.  The 
dividend^Ill  increase,  and  any  indebtedness  then  outstanding  will  c/tfcrease,  pro  raia^ 
whichever  option  is  selected.  If  no  notice  in  writing  be  given  to  the  company  of  the 
option  selected,  within  sixty  days  after  the  above  last-mentioned  date,  the  third  option 
shall  take  effect. 

VIII.  After  two  ^ears  from  the  date  hereof,  If  the  premiums  on  this  policy  are 
duly  paid  as  heroin  stipulated,  the  liability  of  the  company  mider  this  policy  shall  not 
be  olspnted. 

Benetoable  Term  Policy  is  written  under  the  following  conditions  in 
addition  to  the  first  five  conditions  of  all  policies: 

VI.  This  insurance  Is  renewable,  at  the  end  of  the  Pijecifled  period  (under  a  new 
policy  for  the  same  amount  and  of  like  tenor  as  this  policy,  or  for  same  amount  uniior 
any  form  of  policy  then  issued  by  this  company),  at  the  option  of  the  holder  hereof , 
without  medical  examination,  provided  the  holder  hereof  makas  writton  application  for 
such  new  policy,  and,  by  a  proper  instrument  in  writing,  isurrcnders  this  policy  to  the 
company,  at  its  said  ofiBce,  whUe  in  force,  and  pay^  the  prinnluin  upon  such  new  j    " 


according  to  the  terms  thereof.  The  legal  holder  or  holdcrH  of  this  policy  mav,  without 
medical  examination,  change  this  policy  at  any  time  during  its  continuance  m  force  to 
any  other  plan  Issuea  by  said  company  at  such  time,  by  payment  to  the  company  of  a 
sum  equal  to  the  difference  In  premiums,  with  interest  at  the  nite  of  four  per  cent  per 
annum  compounded. 

vn.    The  said  company  agrees,  in  case  the  life  insured  survive  to  the  end  of  the 

specified  period,  if  this  policy  be  then  in  full  force,  to  pay  to  the the  dividend 

apportioned  to  this  policy  from  its  profits  by  said  company. 

WASHmoTON  Life  Inbukancs  Company.  This  company  issues 
policies  with  survivorship  distribution,  both  ordinary  life,  limited  pay- 
ment life,  endowments,  and  combination  policies. 

14/6  Survivorship  Distribution  Policy,  This  policy  of  insurance  wltnesseth,  that 
The  Washington  Life  insurance  company,  in  consideration  of  the  representation  made  to 

them  in  the  application  for  this  policy,  and  of  the  sum  of dollars  and 

cents,  to  them  duly  paid  by  the  assured,  under  this  policy,  to  wit: 

of In  the  county  of state  of 

and  of  the premium  of dollars  and ctntt*, 

u>  be  paid  on  or  before  the day  of in  every  year  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  tills  policy:  do  insure  the  life  of  the  said for  the  solo  use  of 

said  assured,  in  the  amount  of dollars,  for  the  term  of  his  natural  life,  with 

]Mirtlclpatlon  In  profits  as  within  provided. 

And  the  said  company  do  hcn*by  proniiw^  and  agree  to  pay  the  amount  of  the  said 

insurance  at  their  office  in  the  city  of  New  York,  to  the  Hai«l  iirtsiiri'il 

executors,  adrainipLrators,  or  aHMltrnH,  in  sixty  duyn  afli-r  due  nojicv  and  proof  of  th<' 

death,  during  tlie  continuance  of  this  policy  of  the  wiid  iXTson  whose  lifi*  \^  luToby  in- 
sured as  above,  the  balance  of  the  year's  premium,  if  any,  and  any  other  iudebtedni  t^j 
on  account  of  thin  policy,  being  first  deducted  therefrom.  ^yu^^.^  ^y  ^^^  OQ IC 


886  Policy  Fokub.  Life. 

ThiB  policy  in  imaed  and  accepted  bv  the  awnred  npon  the  conditions  and  tgrvs 
mentA  printed  by  the  company  on  the  inside  of  thin  policy,  and  each  conditions  and 
agreements  are  referred  to  and  accepted  by  the  aM^ured  as  part  of  this  contract,  ssd  it  is 
agreed  that  they  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  aa  if  printed  in  full  over  the  signa- 
tures hereto. 

Condition*  and  AgreetnenU  Referred  to  and  Forming  Part  of  tAU  PoReif. 

Ist.  The  permn  whose  life  is  hereby  insured  is  permitted  to  travel  or  reside  in  any 
part  of  the  Continent  of  North  America  north  of  the  Tropic  of  Cancer,  or  in  any  part  of 
Europe. 

2d.  If  the  said  person  whose  life  is  hereby  insured  shall  pass  beyond  the  aforesaid 
limits,  or  shall  enter  any  military  or  naval  service  whatsoever  (the  militia  wbm  not  in 
actual  service  excepted)  without  the  consent  of  this  company  previously  given  in  writ- 
ing: or  if  any  of  the  statements  or  declarations  made  in  the  application  for  this  policy, 
U|)on  the  face  of  which  ttiis  policy  is  issued,  shall  within  two  vears  from  the  datehervof 
be  found  In  any  respect  untrue;  or  if  the  said  premiums  shall  not  be  paid  on  or  bc-^ore 
the  davs  above  mentioned  for  the  payment  then-of  at  the  office  of  the  company  in  the 
city  of  New  Yorlc  (unless  otherwise  expressly  agreed  in  writing),  or  to  agents  when  thi*y 
produce  receipts  siefned  by  the  president  or  secretary,  then,  in  any  and  every  noch  case, 
the  said  company  shall  not  be  liable  for  the  payment  of  the  sum  insured,  or  any  part 
thereof,  and  this  policy  shall  be  nnll  and  void  and  shall  cease  and  detennine,  except 
only  in  the  case  or  the  due  surrender  of  this  policy  as  herein  provided. 

8d.  Notwithstanding  this  policy  shall  lapse  and  become  forfeited  for  the  non-paj- 
mentof  any  premium  upon  the  day  npon  which  the  same  shall  fall  due,  according  to  the 
terms  thereof  as  hereinbefore  eontaiucxi,  yet^  after  the  payment  of  three  annua]  premi- 
ums, and  upon  demand  made  with  surrender  of  this  policy  within  six  months  i^tcr  sarh 
lapse  bv  such  non-payment^  this  companv  will  issue  a  non-iiarticipating  paid-up  policj 
for  such  snm  as  the  reserve  upon  this  policy  at  the  time  of  such  lapse  and  forf^ture  by 
such  non-payment,  as  provided  by  chapter  a47,  of  the  Laws  of  New  York  of  1879,  will 
purchase  as  a  single  premium  at  the  compan^^s  published  rates;  and  the  paid-up  insur- 
ance purchased  by  such  surrender  of  this  policy  shall  be  payable  at  the  same  times  and 
under  the  same  conditions,  except  as  to  the  pavmcntof  premiums,  and  the  guarantee  of 
the  full  reserve  as  a  cash  value,  as  the  original  policy.  Provided  and  agreed,  howerer, 
that  any  voluntary  application  by  the  company  of  cash  dividends  as  hereinafter  men- 
tioned, shall,  as  relates  to  action  under  chapter  317  of  the  Laws  of  New  York  of  18*8, 
be  taken  into  consideration  In  computing  the  amount  of  the  reserve  thereunder. 


4th.    It  is  understood  and  agreed  that  this  policv,  if  in  force  at  the  end  of. 
irs  from  its  date,  shall  be  entitled  to  its  share  In  the  *'  Survivorship  Distriontion  ^^ 
made  by  the  board  of  directors  at  that  time;...  but  that  within  said  period 


of years,  this  policy  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  distribution  whatever. 

After  the  expiration  of  twenty  years  from  its  date,  this  policy  shall  be  entitled  to  its 
share  in  each  subsequent  annual  distribution  so  long  as  it  remains  in  force. 

6th.  After  the  declaration  of  a  dividend  on  this  policy,  it  shall  not  lapee  by  mD"! 
payment  of  premium  when  due,  until  the  period  shall  have  expired,  for  whicli  the  cash 
dividends  declared  and  standing  at  Its  credit  at  the  time  of  such  non-pavm^it  will  pay 
the  premium  at  the  rate  called  for  in  this  policy;  and  when  such  period  shall  have  ex- 
pired, this  policy  shall  lapse  and  become  forfeited.  The  company  will,  however,  with- 
out requiring  further  medical  examination,  accept  a  past  due  premium,  provided  no 
other  condition  of  the  policy  has  been  violated,  and  such  premium  be  tendered  within 
the  period  thus  protected  Dy  cash  dividends;  and  should  the  party  insured  die  within 
said  period,  the  company  will  pay  the  amount  of  this  policy,  whether  the  premium  paa 
due  has  been  tendered  or  not  Surrender  of  the  policy  only  will  sapereede  these  con- 
cessions. 

6th.  If  this  policy  should  be  assigned  or  held  as  security,  written  notice  shall  at 
once  be  given  to  tnis  company  by  the  assignor,  and  due  proof  of  interest  produced  at 
the  maturity  of  the  policy. 

7th.  Residence,  travel,  and  occupation  are  imrestricted  after  two  yean  from  the 
date  hereof,  and  tills  policy  will  then  he  incontestable,  except  for  non-payment  of  ihv- 
mium. 

8th.  Tills  policy  may  be  surrendered  to  the  company  at  the  end  of  fifteen  years  from 
the  date  of  Issue,  or  at  the  end  of  any  subsequent  quinquennia]  period,  and  the  compaay 
will  pay  therefor  in  cash  the  full  reserve,  computed  bv  the  American  table  of  mortality, 
and  four  per  cent,  interest,  in  accordance  with  the  table  on  the  back  of  this  policv,  to- 
gether with  any  unused  dividends  standing  at  the  credit  of  this  policy.  The  company 
will  not  pay  such  cash  value  at  any  other  times  or  dates. 

9th.  If  at  the  death  of  the  party  insured,  it  is  found  that  the  age  was  understated  ia 
the  application,  then  this  company  shall  be  liable  only  for  the  proportion  of  ttie  sum 
insured,  which  would  be  covered  by  the  premium  actually  paid. 


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PrBFBKRBD  ACCIDBITT  COMPANT.  887 

The  fifth  condition  is  omitted  in  the  new  form  of  "wife  and  chUd- 
ren's  "  policy,  and  also  from  the  limited  payment  life  policies. 

Semi-EncUnDment,  This  follows  the  ordinary  form,  but  is  payable 
for  one-half  its  face  at  the  end  of  a  specified  term  of  years,  with  the 
following  option: 

An  option  is  slven  to  the  assured  of  waiving,  upon  not  less  than  one  year's  previous 
written  notice  to  tne  companj,  the  receipt  of  the  semi-endowment,  and  of  electing  in  Ilea 

thereof,  to  contlnne  this  as  a  paid-np  life  policy,  for  $ with  participation 

in  profits. 

The  third  condition  is  changed  to  read : 

Notwithstanding  this  policy  shall  lapse  and  become  forfeited  for  the  non-pay- 
ment of  any  premium  upon  the  day  upon  which  the  same  shall  fall  due,  according  to 
the  terms  thereof  as  hereinbefore  contamed,  vet,  after  the  payment  of  three  annual  pre- 
mimns,  and  upon  demand  made  with  surrender  of  this  policy  within  six  months  after 
such  lapse  by  such  non-payment,  this  company  will  Issue  a  non-participating  paid-up 

policy  for  as  many parts  of  the  original  amount  hereby  insured  as  mere  shall 

have  been  complete  annual  premiums  paid  ;  and  the  paid-up  msnrance  purchased  by 
such  surrender  of  this  policy  shall  be  payable  at  the  same  time  and  under  tne  same  con- 
ditions, except  as  to  the  payment  of  premiums,  as  the  original  policy. 


The  above  is  determined  and  agreed  by  the  company  and  the  assured  as  full  compli- 
ance with  the  terms  of  chapter  847  of  the  laws  of  New  York  of  1879. 

IfutaUmsfU  Semi-'Endoioment.  This  makes  the  partial  endowment 
payable  in  three  installments,  with  the  above  option  and  the  same  non- 
forfeiture features. 

This  company  also  writes  a  Double  Endotoment,  paying  at  the  end 
of  the  endowment  period  double  the  amount  of  the  life  policy. 

OambincUion  Policy.  This  is  a  combination  of  endowment  and  life, 
becoming  an  endowment  at  a  specified  date  if  the  assured  is  living,  and 
after  the  endowment  is  paid  it  is  a  paid-up  life  policy,  non-participat- 
log,  for  a  specified  sum.  This  paid-up  may  be  surrendered  for  cash, 
to  the  amount  of  the  legal  reserve. 

Policy,  Yalaed  Fire,    [See  Valued  Policy.] 

^g^  Potter,  Edward  E.,  general  fire  insurance  agent  for  the  Pacific 
coast  states,  was  born  at  JNew  Bedford,  Mass.,  in  1844.  He  followed 
several  callings  until  in  1875,  being  on  the  Pacific  coast,  he  formed  an 
agency  to  represent  a  number  of  eastern  companies.  From  1880  to 
1§82  Mr.  Potter  was  manager  and  secretary  of  the  Oakland  Home 
insurance  company  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Sun  insurance 
company  of  California,  and  its  secretary  and  treasurer  from  1882  to 
1801.  Beginning  with  1892  Mr.  Potter  has  devoted  his  entire  attention 
to  the  general  agency  of  the  Franklin  Fire,  the  American  of  Boston, 
and  otner  companies.  He  has  been  secretary  of  the  San  Francisco 
Art  Association  for  ten  years,  and  ofiScer  of  various  clubs  and  societies 
and  Ihe  Knights  Templar. 

Preferred  Accident  insurance  company  of  New  York,  formerly 
the  Preferred  Mutual  Accident  association  of  the  same  city,  was 
organized  as  a  stock  company  in  1898.  The  original  company,  doing 
business  on  the  assessment  plan,  was  incorporated  in  1885.  It  grew 
to  be,  in  the  few  years  of  its  existence,  the  second  largest  mutual 
accident  association  in  the  United  States,  in  amount  of  insurance 
in  force,  that  amount,  December  81,  1892,  being  $270,412,130.  Under 
the  re-incorporation  the  Preferred  Accident  became  a  stock  company, 

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388  Prbfrrred  Accident  Compant. 

with  a  paid-up  capital  and  surplus  of  $250,000.  Fur  the  protection  of 
policy-holders  cash  securities  to  the  amount  of  $100,000  were  deposited 
with  the  New  York  state  insurance  department.  The  policies  now 
issued  by  the  Preferred  may  be  described  as  follows: 

The  "  Combination -Annuity  Policy  issued  at  a  coat  of  $80  per  annam  provides  a 
niaximam  benefit  of  $13,000  in  case  of  death  by  accident  in  railway  travel;  »7,S00  for 
low  of  eye«  ;  $5,000  for  loss  of  hands  or  feet,  or  of  one  hand  and  foot ;  tS,50D  for  Iocs  of 
either  hand  or  foot,  or  in  caoc  of  pennaneut  disability ;  $1,000  for  tbe  lotfs  of  one  eye. 
and  $60  per  week  for  temporary  disablement  —  the  time  thoa  corered  exteodinj;  to 
53  weeks.  In  addition  to  these  indtmnitieSy  if  the  accident  be  fatal  the  company  M,ill 
pay  the  sum  of  ten  doUare  per  week  to  the  beneficiary  daring  the  whole  term  of  ni«,  or 
her,  natural  life.  This  policy  haH  the  broad  proyiao  —  "  any  regular  paasenger  convey- 
ance proi)elled  bv  steam,  electricity,  or  cable,''  thus  throwring  ita  protection  o\'er  other 
pathways  than  tfioeie  traveled  by  the  "iron  horse."  Also  lEat  after  five  con«ecativ« 
payments  the  coat  —  $30  —  will  be  reduced  to  $25  per  annum,  and  with  no  diminatwn  of 
benefits. 

By  the  $10,000  combination  policy,  at  a  cost  of  $90  a  year,  payable  alao  in  qoarterly 
or  senii-aunual  amounts  of  $5  or  $10,  indemnities  are  aaanred  of  $6,000  for  loss  of  life, 
or  of  both  hands  or  both  feet,  or  of  one  hand  and  one  foot,  or  of  both  eyes ;  $2,500  for 
loss  of  either  hand  or  foot,  or  for  permanent  total  disability ;  $1,000  for  lots  of  one  eye, 
and  $35  per  week  (52  weeks)  in  case  of  temporary  total  disability.  These  benefltr, 
mon>over,  are  greatly  increased  in  amounts  if  the  accident  be  received  by  the  insured 
in  cousequence  of  the  wrecking  or  disablement  of  any  r^ular  passenger  conveyance 
propelled  by  steam,  electricity,  or  cable,  while  the  Insured  is  riding  therein.  In  tha: 
event,  the  sums  insured  under  this  "  combination  "  policy  are  $10,000  in  case  of  fual 
mishup ;  $7,500  for  loss  of  both  eyes  ;  $5,000  for  loss  of  both  liands  or  feet,  or  of 
one  hand  and  foot  ■  $2,500  for  loss  of  either  hand  or  foot,  or  for  permanent  total  dis;!- 
btlity  ;  $1,000  is  paid  for  the  loss  of  an  eye,  and  $60  per  week  (not  exceeding  5S  weeks) 
in  ciiHc  of  total  dWbility  arising  from  the  accident. 

The  $6,U00  combination  policy  is  sold  at  $12  per  annum.  The  premium  may  be  jiaid 
in  quarterly  amounts  of  $3 ;  or,  if  half-yearly,  $6.  The  maximum  benefita  accruing 
thereunder  are  §6,000  if  fatally  injured  in  railway  travel :  $2,500  for  loss  of  both  eyes,  or 
of  both  bands  or  fi-et,  or  of  a  hand  and  foot ;  $1,000  for  Ioks  of  either  hand  or  foot,  or  in 
case  of  permanent  disability  ;  $060  for  loss  of  one  eye,  and  $90  per  week  (for  53  weeks) 
if  temporarily  disabled.  The  minimum  amounts  paid  under  this  policy  are  $3,000  if 
fatally  iuiured  ;  $3,600  for  loss  of  himds  or  feet,  or  of  one  band  and  foot,  or  of  bulb 
eyes;  $1,000  for  loss  of  one  hand,  or  of  one  foot,  or  in  case  of  permanent  disablement ; 
$650  for  loss  of  one  eye.  and  $15  per  week  for  a  year  if  temporary  total  disability  is  t-he 
result  of  the  accidental  injury. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  and  directors  of  the  Preferred 
Accident:  Hon.  Phineas  C.  Lounsbury,  president;  Charles  D.  Spencer, 
vice  president;  Kimball  C.  Atwood,  secretary;  Allen  8.  Apgar, 
treasurer;  directors  (all  of  New  York),  Allen  S.  Apgar,  cashier  of  the 
Merchants  Exchange  National  Bank;  Kimball  C.  Atwood,  secretary; 
L.  H.  Biglow,  of  Biglow  &  Main,  publishers;  John  L.  Childs,  Floral 
Park;  Henry  L.  Coe,  Manhattan  Brass  company;  Isaac  G.  Johnson, 
iron  manufacturer;  Chas.  F.  Ketcham,  of  C.  F.  Ketcham  &  Co., 
stationers;  Phineas  C.  Lounsbury,  ex -governor  of  Connecticut,  and 
president  of  the  Merchants  Exchange  National  Bank;  David  M. 
Morrison,  president  of  the  Washington  Trust  companv;  John  £. 
Scarles,  Jr.,  treasurer  of  the  American  Sugar  Refineries;  Geo.  W.  Sill, 
counsel;  Charles  D.  Spencer,  of  the  H.  B.  Clafl in  company;  William 
Westlake,  of  Adams  «&  Westlake  Manufacturing  company;  Henry  N. 
Whitney,  of  Kissam,  Whitney  &  Co.,  bankers;  Timothy  L.  Wood 
lull,  president  of  the  Miiltin  company. 

The  income  of  the  company  in  1892  was  $486,270;  the  disburse- 
ineiits  were  $403,674.  The  number  of  policies  written  was  22,U21  fcir 
$217,110,108,  and  the  amount  of  insurance  in  force  at  the  end  of  the 
yiar  $270,412,103.  The  business  has  largely  incnjased  since  the  Pit- 
ferred  became  a  regular  stock  company. 

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t^MitTHs,  Policies,  Loans,  Dividskds. 


Premlnms,  Policies,  Loans,  Dividends.  The  practice  of  com- 
panies differ  in  man^r  respects  as  to  all  these  matters,  and  they  will  be 
found  briefly  stated  in  the  following  table,  under  headings.  Under 
the  heading  "  Receipts,"  yes  means  that  a  receipt  is  given  for  first  pre- 
mium. Under  *'  Annuities,"  yes  means  that  the  company  grants  annu- 
ities. Under  the  head  "Joint  Life,"  yes  means  that  the  company 
writes  joint  life  policies.  The  same  applies  under  heads  **  non-partici- 
pating," and  "  term,"  Some  companies  make  "premium  loans "  and 
some  do  not.  Some  pay  dividends  annually,  some  every  five  years, 
some  at  the  first  anniversary  of  the  policy  and  some  at  the  second. 
Where  premiums  are  deferred,  the  practice  is  various.  Some  com- 
panies pay  the  whole  dividend  on  the  anniversary  of  the  policy,  and 
some  with  each  installment. 


Company. 

a. 

1 

i£tna, 

no 

Berkshire,.. 

yes 

BrooklTn, 

yes 

Canada, 

no 

Connecticut 
General, 

Connecticut 
Mutual, 

EqntUble, 
Iowa, 

Rquitable, 

yes 
yes 
no 
no 

German 
Mutual, 
Home, 

no 
no 

John  Han- 
cock, 

Kansas 
Mutual, 

yes 
no 

Life  Indem- 
nity, 
Manhattan, 

yes 
no 

Maryland, 

no 

Mass. 

Mulnal, 

yes 

1 

i 

1 

■g 

^ 

5 

■3 

I 

Premium 
Loans. 

Dividends. 

Dividends.  De- 
ferred  premiums. 

a 

B 

a* 

B 

^ 

l_ 

525 

s 

no 

no 

yes 

yes 

To  a  limited 
extent.    Re- 
ported as  pre- 
mium notes 

Annually  except 
by  special  eon* 
tract 

Each  installment. 

no 

no 

no 

no 

None  since 
1881 

Qulnquennially, 
annually  after 
two  years  if  re- 
quested 

As  policy-holder 

no 

yee 

yes 

yes 

Yes.  Hens  on 
policy 
Yes,  within 
cash'values 

See  policy  form 

First  installment. 

no 

yes 

yes 

yes 

Qainqnennially 
and  post  mortem 

no 

no 

yes 

yes 

No 

Annually 

First  installment. 

no 

no 

no 

no 

No 

Annually 

EBack  installment. 

yes 

no 

yes 

yes 

No 

Annually 

On  anniversary 
of  policy. 
Bach  installment. 

yes 

yes 

yes 

yes 

No 

Annnallv  except 
on  tontines  or 

deferred  divi- 

dend policies 

no 

no 

yes 

yes 

No 

Annually  after 
two  years 

Bach  installment. 

yes 

yes 

yes 

yes 

Tee 

Annually 

Each  installment. 

yes 

no 

no 

no 

Yes,  after  two 

Annually 

On  anniversary 

yes 

no 

yes 

yes 

^r 

Annually 

of  policy. 

Sach  installmeut. 

no 

no 

yes 

After  tenth 
yenr  for  total 

Tontine 

yes 

premium 
Yes 

yes 

yes 

yes 

yes 

Annually 

On  anniversary 

of  policy. 

On  anniversary 

yes 

yes 

no 

yes 

No 

Annually,  and  10, 

no 

yes 

no 

yes 

Yes,  Interest 
payable  with 

15,  and  20  years 
Annually 

of  policy. 
Bach  installment. 

prem.    Divi- 
dends apply 
to  principal 

Di^ 

itizedbyGoOQl 

m 


PbEMICTMS,  PoUCtBS,  LOAK8,  DiVXDBNDd. 


Company. 


Metropoli- 
tan, 

Hichigin, 


Hotaal 
Benefit, 

Matoal,  Ky. 

MDtnal, 

N.T. 
National, 

Vermont, 


New  Eng- 
land, 
New  York, 

Northwest- 
ern, 

Pacific 
Matnal, 

Penn 
Mutaal, 


t 


yea 


Peoples, 

Norwich, 
Phoenix 

Mntual, 
Provident 

Life  and 

Trast, 
Provident 

Savings, 

Pradential, 


SUte 
Mataal, 

Travelers, 
TJaion 
Central, 
Union,  Neb. 

Union 
Mataal, 

United 
States, 

Washing- 
ton, 


yee 
no 
no 

yes 
yes 

yes 
yes 
no 

yes 


I  i 


yes 


yes 


yes 

yea 

yes 

yes 
yes 

yee 

no 
yea 
yes 

no 
no 

yes 
yes 
no 

yes 

yes 


yes 

yes 

yea 

yes 
yea 

yes 

no 
yes 
yea 

yes 
no 

yes 
yes 
yea 

yes 

yes 


No 


No 


From  SO  to  90 
per  cent,  of 
premium 
AiUr  one  yr. 
lien  notes 
No 

Tea,  as  a  tem- 
porary ao- 
commodat'a 


No 

No 

Yes,  some- 
times 


Premium 
Loaoa. 


PoHclea  non- 
participating 

AnnoaUy,  or  aa 
deaignated  in 


policy 
Annnall; 


inally,  caah  or 
applied  on  notes 

Annually,  or  aa 
designated 


Yes,  not  ex- 
ceeding 66 
percent,  of 
reserve 
No 

No 

Yes,  on  agree 
ment 

No 


Yes,  60  to  90 
per  cent,  of 
reserve 
Yes,  only  for 
deferred  pre 
miams 
No 
No 

No 

Yes,  tempo- 
rary 
No 

No 


Dividenda. 


]>i\idesds,  De- 
Iterrsd  premiome. 


Policies  non- 
parUeipatuig. 

Bachiastallmeat 
Bach  installment. 
Fiiat  inataUment. 


As  solacied  by 
assnred 


Annually 

As  stipolated  in 

DOli^ 

O.  L.  6d  pram, 
other  policiea  as 
stipnlated 
Annoally 

Annually 


Every  five  yean 

Annually 

Annually  after 
two  yeara 

Reduce  subaa- 
qnent  payments 
after  five  years 
Five  to  twenty 
years  as  stipu- 
lated 
Annually 


Annually 

Annually  after 
three  years 
AnnuaJly  except 
on  tontines 
Quinquennially 

Annually  or  6, 10, 
15,  and  90  years 


First  on  anniver- 
sary of  policy, 
subaequant  div. 
on  eacn  install- 
ment. 

No  deferred  iire- 
miums. 
Bach  iastallmeat 

Bach  InataUment 


On  anniveraaiy 
of  policy. 
Bacn  InetallmaaL 


On  anniversary 
of  policy. 
On  anuiversary 
of  policy. 


On  anniversary 
of  policy. 

On  anniversary 
of  policy. 


Each  inataUment. 

On  anniversary 
of  policy. 
On  annivenary 
of  policy. 
On  anniveraary 
of  policy. 
On  annivarsaxy 
of  policy. 


Pbovtdknt  Fund  Society.  891 

Press,  Insarance.    [See  Insurance  Journalism.] 

Price,  James  Ht,  secretary  of  state  and  insurance  commissioner  of 
Washington,  was  born  at  Oregon  City  on  June  18, 1847.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Portland,  and,  while  a  youth,  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  for 
the  war,  seeing  severe  service  on  the  plains.  Prior  to  his  election  to 
his  present  office,  in  189d,  Mr.  Price  had  been  successively  a  railroad 
civil  engineer,  custom  house  officer,  purser  of  a  Puget  Sound  steamer, 
and  sheriff  of  Pierce  county,  Washington. 

Proofs  of  Death  in  Life  Insurance.    [See  Life  Insurance.] 

Providence  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  was  organized  in 
March,  1893.  It  confines  its  jurisdiction  to  the  city  of  Providence, 
leaving  the  territory  beyond  its  limits  to  the  New  England  Insurance 
Exchange. 

Providence  Life  Underwriters'  Association  was  organized  in 
January,  1887,  the  constitution  and  by-laws  being  identical  with  those 
of  the  Boston  association.  John  F.  Huntsman  was  the  first  president, 
and  Joel  M.  Spencer,  Jr.,  the  first  secretary.  The  president  elected  at 
the  last  annual  meeting  is  Robert  P.  Gifford,  and  the  secretary  is  John 
F.  Huntsman. 

Provident  Fund  Society  of  New  York  was  incorporated  in  1886 
to  do  an  accident  insurance  business  on  the  assessment  plan.  The 
founder  of  the  society  is  A.  N.  Lockwood,  who  was  for  many  years 
previous  to  1886  connected  with  prominent  level  premium  life  insurance 
companies,  and  thus  learned  his  insurance  lessons.  Mr.  Lockwood  is 
president  of  the  society,  and  its  principal  place  of  business  is  the  city 
of  New  York. 

The  policy  issued  by  the  Provident  Fund  Society  provides  a  maxi- 
mum death  indemnity  of  $10,000,  and  a  maximum  weekly  indemnity 
of  $50.  The  members  are  classified  in  divisions  according  to  the  risk 
of  their  occupations.  In  the  preferred  and  regular  division  the  cost  is 
$16  per  year,  the  first  premium  call  of  $5  being  payable  in  advance, 
which  will  carry  the  policy  in  force  for  three  months  from  date  of 
issue.  Quarterly  premium  calls  thereafter,  |4  each.  In  the  disability 
division  the  first  advance  quarterly  payment  of  $8.50  must  be  paid  on 
delivery  of  the  certificate,  the  payment  of  which  will  carry  the  insur- 
ance in  force  for  three  months  from  date  of  issue.  The  payments  in 
this  division  will  not  exceed  $10  per  year. 

The  new  policy  known  as  the  Six- Year  Term  Combination  Policy 
is  issued  in  the  preferred  and  regular  division.  It  provides  double  the 
amount  of  insurance  while  exposed  to  the  dangers  of  traveling,  and 
also  that  if  all  payments  on  the  certificate  for  the  period  of  five  years 
are  made  as  the  quarterlv  payments  become  due,  the  certificate  will  be 
carried  in  force  for  the  sixth  year  without  further  payment. 

The  story  of  the  growth  of  the  Provident  Fund  Society  is  told  in 
this  tabular  statement  of  its  business  since  organization  in  1886: 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Provident  Life  and  TBUSt. 


Yeara. 


1887 
1H88 
ISSJ 
1K90 
1891 

ittia 


Income. 


T'i.  UV) 

!M,r>58 
59,(M 
75418 


DiH)>iinicinentJ«. 


$10,4^ 
73,3K3 
U9.293 

74,883 
08,464 


Aft*i'U. 


$2,940 
16,741 
28,017 
25,816 
30,443 
82,760 


Iiwiiranee  Id 
Force  Di'C.  31. 


SS,»16,7S3 
19,376,875 

2aiav4i) 

98,421.500 

ao,aio,6j0 

S2,47O,UU0 


PrOTldent  Life  and  Trast  company  of  Philadelphia  was  incor- 
porated March  22;  1865,  and  began  business  in  June  of  Uiat  year. 
The  first  policy  of  the  company  was  issued  July  81.  The  original 
capital  was  $150,000,  and  the  charter  then  granted  confers,  in  addition 
to  the  authority  to  insure  liv^es,  authority  to  act  as  executor,  adminis- 
trator, trustee,  guardian,  etc.,  etc.;  that  is,  to  transact  what  is  known 
as  a  trust  business.  The  union  of  its  trust  busioess  with  its  insurance 
business  demands  from  the  courts  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  a  careful 
scrutiny  of  its  methods,  and  an  examination  from  time  to  time  of  its 
securities  by  skillful  experts.  The  relations  of  the  two  departments 
of  the  business  are  fixed  by  the  proyisions  of  the  charter.  The  ac- 
counts and  investments  are  kept  distinct  and  separate.  The  entire  sur- 
plus in  the  insurance  department  accumulates  for  the  benefit  of  the 
policy-holders.  The  only  advantage,  direct  or  indirect,  which  the 
stock  Uolders  can  at  any  time  have  from  the  union  of  the  two  features 
of  the  business,  results  from  the  fact  that  the  management  of  the  trust 
business,  from  which  they  derive  their  profits,  is  done  for  them  witli- 
out  charge. 

To  be  relieved  from  the  expense  of  management  is  an  advantage 
to  the  stockholders,  but  not  more  than  commensurate  with  the  benefit 
which  the  policy-holders  derive  from  the  additional  security  arisioj? 
from  the  large  capital,  the  active  supervision  by  the  stockholders  of 
the  affairs  of  the  company,  and  the  association  of  the  life  insurance 
and  trust  business.  While  the  expenses  of  a  trust  business,  if  con- 
ducted separately,  would  be  large,  the  additional  cost  in  this  company 
of  conducting  the  trust  business  jointly  with  the  life  insurance  is 
inconsiderable  viewed  in  connection  with  the  advantages  secured. 
This,  however,  has  not  had  the  effect  of  increasing  the  general  rate  of 
expense  of  the  company.  The  great  economy  and  care  with  which 
its  affairs  have  been  conducted  have  resulted  in  a  rate  of  expense 
which  compares  favorably  with  the  oldest  and  largest  companies. 
The  Provident  Life  and  Trust  is  distinguished  for  its  low  rate  of  mor- 
tality. In  1870  the  capital  was  increased  to  $885,177,  and  in  1871 
the  amount  was  made  $500,000.  Of  the  total  $66,000  was  surplus 
from  the  trust  department  capitalized.  A  supplement  to  the  charter, 
approved  April  1,  1873,  authorized  an  additional  increase  of  $500,000, 
making  the  total  capital  $1,000,000.  The  whole  amount  was  paid  in 
prior  to  December  15,  1883.  The  capital  stock  constitutes  a  security 
to  tho  policy-holders  in  the  insurance  department  of  the  company  sia 
well  as  to  Its  creditors  in  the  trust  department,  but  all  of  the  profits 
and  surplus  derived  from  the  business  of  life  insurance,  after  deduct- 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


Providknt  Life  aihd  Trust. 


m 


ing  the  ezx)en8e8  of  the  whole  company,  are  divided  equitably  and 
ratably  among  the  policy-holders  as  provided  for  by  the  supplement  to 
the  cmirter,  approved  February  8,  1869. 

A  dividena  is  received  upon  the  payment  of  the  third  annual  pre- 
mium, and  thereafter  upon  the  payment  of  each  annual  premium. 
And  in  case  of  policies  paid  for  in  a  limited  number  of  premiums,  divi- 
dends are  continued  after  the  full  payment  of  the  premiums  until  the 
policy  is  terminated  by  death  or  maturity.  Dividends  are  also  paid 
upon  "paid-up  policies." 

Upon  Life  and  Endowment  policies  there  is  granted  the  privilege 
of  drawing  the  whole  reserve  as  a  cash  value  at  the  end  of  ten 
years  or  at  the  end  of  any  succeeding  flve-year  period.  The  company 
regards  the  fact  with  pride  that  it  has  never  appeared  in  court  as  the 
contestant  of  a  death  claim.  The  applicant  is  asked  no  obscure  or 
technical  questions  in  the  application  for  insurance,  and  the  policy 
which  he  obtains  is  so  clear  and  untechnical  that  he  cannot  fail  to  com- 
prehend its  provisions. 

The  Provident  Life  and  Trust  was  admitted  to  Massachusetts 
March  19, 1866,  being  the  first  of  the  Pennsylvania  companies  to  en- 
gage in  business  in  that  state.  It  was  admitted  to  New  York  July 
15,  1868,  beine  also  the  pioneer  in  that  state  from  the  Philadelphia  li& 
companies.  July  1,  1867,  the  company  discontinued  the  half-note 
premium  plan.  The  interests  of  the  policy-holder  have  been  studiously 
guarded  bv  the  managers  of  the  company.  Its  non-forfeiture  system 
provides  for  an  equitable  termination  of  policies.  In  order  that  the 
rights  of  policy-holders,  who  might  be  in  temporary  difficultv  pecu- 
niarily, should  not  be  sacrificed,  an  extension  system  was  devised, 
enabling  the  holder  of  a  policy,  if  the  premium  could  not  be  paid  at 
the  time  of  its  becoming  due,  to  obtain  relief  from  the  company  itself. 
A  certificate  extending  the  time  of  payment  was  issued,  the  reserve 
on  the  policy  in  the  hands  of  the  company  determining  its  period  of 
postponement.  At  the  expiration  of  the  certificate  the  policy  could  be 
continued  without  a  medical  examination;  or,  if  the  payment  could 
not  be  made  and  two  yearly  premiums  had  been  made  on  the  original 
policy,  a  paid-up  policy  could  be  secured,  less  the  cost  of  the  exten- 
sion, if  the  premiums  entitled  the  holder  to  such  a  policy.  The 
growth  of  the  companv  from  its  organization  in  1865  until  the  present 
will  appear  from  the  figures  appended,  showing  the  volume  of  insur- 
ance in  force  and  the  assets  at  each  interval  of  (Lye  years  from  the 
commencement  of  business,  and  also  in  1891  and  1892: 


18 


Year. 

Amonnt  of  Inisarance  in  force 

iDitirance  Aaaeta  indadinff 

at  end  of  each  year. 

Capital. 

1865 

$824,000 

$161,988.16 

1870 

9,888,400     . 

1,141,496.86 

1875 

10,479,410 

8,098,166.46 

1880 

86,765,461 

6,800,081.40 

1886 

46,078,669 

10,472,202.94 

1800 

79,274,946 

18,668,124.44 

1801 

86,861,873 

18,688,784.00 

isn 

94,726,688 

28,029,787.00 

.,__/Google 


B04  Prudential  Insurancr  Company. 

The  total  amount  disbursed  in  1892  on  account  of  death  losses  and 
matured  endowments  was  $1»068.073;  diridends  to  policy-holders. 
$450,576.27.  The  total  premium  income  during  the  year  was  $3,688»* 
288. 74 :  income  from  all  sources,  $4,664,718.83.  The  number  of  policies 
outstanding  December  81,  1892,  was  29,896,  covering  insurance  to  the 
amount  of  $94,726,588.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  Samuel  R. 
Shipley,  president;  T.  Wistar  Brown,  vice -president;  Asa  S.  Wing, 
vice-president  and  actuary;  Joseph  Ashbrook,  manager  of  insurance 
department;  Dr.  Thomas  Wistar.  chief  medical  examiner.  The  direc- 
tors are  Samuel  R.  Shipley,  T.  Wistar  Brown,  Henry  Haines,  Richard 
Gadbury,  Richard  Wood,  William  Hacker,  Charles  Uartshome,  Israel 
Morris,  William  Gummere,  Edward  H.  Ogden.  Asa  S.  Wing,  PhUip 
C.  Garrett,  Justice  C.  Strawbridge,  James  V.  Watson,  William  Long- 
streth.  President  Shipley  has  been  at  the  head  of  the  Provident  Life 
and  Trust  from  the  beginning  of  its  career.  The  original  actuary  as- 
sociated with  him  was  Rowland  Party.  The  latter  wss  suooeedMl  in 
1882  by  Asa  S.  Wing,  the  present  vice-president  and  actuary  of  the 
company. 

Prorincial  Underwriters*  Association  was  organized  in  Boston, 
October  10,  1891,  to  regulate  the  marine  insurance  business  with  the 
British  provinces,  Cliarles  Piatt  of  the  Insurance  Company  of  North 
America  being  elected  president,  and  George  M.  Amerige  of  the  Bos- 
ton Marine  Board,  secretary.  The  companies  signing  were:  the  British 
and  Foreign,  Reliance,  Insurance  Company  of  X^orth  America,  Dela- 
ware, New  York  Mutual,  New  York  Marine  Underwriters,  China 
Mutual,  India  Mutual,  Boylston,  Boston  Marine,  Portland  Marine, 
Providence- Washington,  Union  of  Bangor,  Merchants  of  Bangor, 
Wellfleet,  Equitable  of  Provincetown,  Nova  Scotia.  Western  Assur- 
ance. Universal  of  St.  John.  North  Queensland,  American  of  Boston, 
and  Manheim.  At  the  first  annual  meeting,  October  8,  1892,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected:  President,  Charles  Piatt;  vice-president, 
J.  H.  Dane;  advisory  committee,  J.  B.  Branch,  Providence,  A.  F. 
Stetson,  Bangor,  Sidney  Crocker,  Toronto,  A.  G.  Jones,  Halifax,  B.  O. 
Taylor,  St.  John,  R.  B.  Fuller,  and  Edmund  A.  Poole  of  Boston,  and 
President  Piatt  and  Vice-President  Dane,  ex  officio. 

Prudential  of  Newark,  purchased  the  law  library  of  the  late  Jus- 
tice Bradley  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  composed  of  5,000 
volumes,  and  established  it  in  its  new  building  in  Newark,  for  the  use 
of  its  tenants. 

Prudential  Insurance  Company  of  America,  whose  home  office 
is  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  opened  an  entirely  new  field  in  American 
life  insurance.  It  was  the  first  company  in  this  countrv  to  do  business 
upon  the  industrial  plan,  the  distin^^uishing  features  of  which  are  the 
insuring  of  every  member  of  a  family  between  the  ages  of  1  and  70,  if 
in  food  health,  instead  of  confining  the  benefits  of  insurance  to  adult 
males;  the  issuing  of  small  policies  with  correspondingly  small  premi- 
ums, the  latter  being  payable  weekly  instead  of  annually,  semi  annuallly, 
or  quarterly:  the  collection  of  premiums  by  an  agent  of  the  company 
at  the  homes  of  the  policy-holders,  instead  of  reqiuring  them  to  be  sent 
to  the  company.    In  all  other  respecU  it  is  su^ar  to  other  old  line  life 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Prudential  Insurance  Company.  895 

insurance  companies.  It»  business  is  called  Industrial  Insurance  sim- 
ply because  by  its  8m»ll  premiums  and  frequent  payments  it  is  intended 
to  meet  the  wants  of  the  industrial  classes.  It  was  the  first  company 
to  adopt  the  practice  of  pa3ring  claims  upon  the  day  that  satisfactory 
proofs  of  death  reached  the  home  office.  Smce  its  organization  no  unpaid 
claim  has  remained  upon  the  company's  books  at  the  end  of  any  calen- 
dar year.  This  action  by  the  Prudential  is  of  the  utmost  importance 
to  the  industrial  classes,  for  while  the  amount  of  policy  in  each  case  is 
small  (an  average  of  fill,  or,  deducting  claims  paid  upon  infantile 
lives,  an  average  of  $2^5),  the  payment  often  comes  at  a  time  when 
there  is  absolutely  no  ready  money  to  be  had,  and  the  policy  is  the 
only  available  asset.  At  such  a  time  cents  paid  promptly  are  as  accept- 
able as  dollars  have  frequently  been  before.  Over  148,000  claims  have 
been  paid  by  the  company  since  its  organization,  amounting  to  over 
$11,500,000.  It  is  estimated  that  nearly  600,000  people  have  been 
directly  benefited  by  this  money.  In  1B02  over  27,000  claims  were 
paid,  an  average  of  over  500  every  week  and  about  75  per  day. 

The  Prudential  began  business  in  October,  1875,  and  confined  its 
operations  to  the  city  of  Newark  for  two  years,  when  the  remainder 
of  the  state  of  New  Jersey  was  occupied.  In  1879  the  company  entered 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  and  since  then  it  has  expanded  its  busi- 
ness until  it  now  covers  seventeen  states  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

This  system  of  insurance  has  been  carried  on  in  England  for  nearly 
fifty  years  with  the  greatest  success,  about  one-quarter  of  the  entire 
population  of  Great  Britain  bein^  now  insured  in  one  company  alone. 

It  was  thought  by  the  organizers  of  the  Prudential  that  America 
would  offer  an  excellent  field  for  a  similar  plan,  but  the  success  of  this 
company  has  surpassed  their  most  sanguine  expectations.  Comparing 
the  growth  of  the  first  industrial  company  in  England  with  that  of'the 
Prudential  of  America,  the  latter  issued  in  the  first  three  years  more 
than  three  times  as  many  policies  as  the  former.  Making  the  same 
comparison  for  the  fifth  year  of  their  existence  the  issue  of  the  Ameri- 
can company  was  more  than  fUve  times  as  great  as  that  of  its  English 
prototype.  The  eagerness  with  which  the  American  people  received 
tlie  Prudential's  plan  may  be  shown  in  another  way.  This  company, 
in  sixteen  years,  has  increased  the  annual  issue  of  policies  more  than 
ninety-seven  times,  the  volume  of  its  income  over  five  hundred  times, 
and  the  amount  paid  in  death  claims  over  twelve  hundred  times  — 
the  growth  having  been  stead^r  from  the  beginning,  and  in  recent  years 
rapid.  The  record  of  its  business  for  this  length  of  time  is  shown  by 
the  following  tabular  statement  : 


Digitized  by 


Google 


396 

Pdripot,  Joim. 

Year. 

New  Policies  lM«ucd. 

iBCome. 

Claims  Paid. 

187« 

7,004           1 

$114,543.10 

$1,967.50 

IHTT 

10,521            j 

28,686.80 

6.206.39 

1878 

20,004 

80,480.00 

11,^87.65 

1879 

86,879           , 

123,646.00 

83,012.01 

18S0 

101,860           ' 

258,822.14 

67,256.05 

1S81 

119,789 

412,666.64 

111,606.17 

1882 

144,234           1 

684,598.45 

lW,T05.fi9 

1883 

210,208           1 

846,902.62 

9»,063.41 

1884 

249,828 

1,166,680.80 

8SS,8»196 

1886 

886,169 

1,609,668.06 

416.62SJB 

1886 

870,858 

8,104,957.43 

698,979.70 

1887 

496,996 

8,018,350.97 

863.818.64 

1888 

625,868 

8,757,084.16 

1,006,934.15 

1889 

680,171 

4,601,298.04 

1,897,860.17 

1890 

766,462 

6.821,659.64 

1,740.718.84 

1891 

680,914 

6,703,681.03 

9,(mi,609.80 

189-2 

778,189 

7,888,877.66 

9,618,606.00 

The  minimum  and  maximum  amounts  for  which  industrial  policies 
were  at  first  issued  were  $10  and  $500,  but  in  1886  the  limit  was  raised 
to  $1,000.  While  this  company  was  organized  to  do  an  industrial  busi- 
ness, it  was  soon  found  that  the  habits  of  thrift  fostered  in  the  people 
who  carried  small  policies  enabled  manj  of  them  to  provide  for  some- 
thing more  than  was  offered  them  fn  an  industrial  policy.  Those  who 
at  first  found  it  difllcult  to  save  enough  to  pay  the  premium  on  a  small 
policy,  after  a  time  applied  for  an  additional  amount  of  insurance,  and 
even  this  was  added  to  until  some  persons  carried  as  many  as  five  or  six 
different  policies.  In  view  of  this  fact,  the  company  was  led,  in  1886, 
to  open  an  ordinarjr  "  life  and  endowment "  branch,  in  which  ail  the 
popular  forms  of  life  and  endowment  policies  are  Issued  for  sums  be- 
tween $1,000  and  $25,000.  This  branch  has  continually  grown  in 
popularity,  and  in  1892  it  closed  the  year  with  over  $5,000,000  of  new 
business,  written  mostly  through  the  medium  of  the  company's  indus- 
trial agents.  The  Prudential^  assets  on  December  81,  1892,  were 
$8,840,853,  an  increase  during  the  year  of  $1,961,179.  It  liabilities  at 
the  same  date  were  $6,622,411,  and  its  surplus  to  policy-holders 
$2,218,442.  In  the  year  1892  the  company's  income  was  $7,888,878,  an 
increase  over  the  previous  year  of  $1,185,246.  The  amount  of  insurance 
written  was  $97,757,621,  and  the  death  claims  paid  amounted  to  $2, 
618,567.  The  total  death  claims  paid  since  organization  amount  to 
$11,650,293.     The  ofiicers  of  the  company  are : 

John  F.  Dryden,  president;  Leslie  D.  Ward,  vice-president;  £dgar 

B.  Ward,  second  vice-president  and  counsel;  Forrest  F.  Dryden. 
secretary.  The  directors  are,  John  F.  Dryden,  Leslie  D.  Ward,  Bforaoe 
Ailing,  Henry  J.  Yates,  Edgar  B.  Ward,  Aaron  Carter,  Jr.,  Theodore 

C.  £.  Blanchard,  James  Perrv,  Charles  G.  Campbell,  Blias  S.  Ward. 
Seth  A.  Keeney,  Fred.  C.  Blanchard,  Edward  Eanouse,  Forrest  F. 
Dryden. 

Parifoy»  John,  state  auditor  of  Alabama,  having  supervision  of 
insurance,  was  born  in  Dallas  county  in  that  state  March  21,  1842.  He 
has  been  probate  and  county  judge  of  Wilcox  county,  and  represented 
it  in  the  legislature  of  Alabama,  and  was  appointed  state  auditor  ia 

1892.  ^Z.    .y ^^^ 


Rbhtbusbd,  Rbtibbd,  aud  Failed  Firb  Ins.  Comfamieb.    897 

H 

BawlinffS,  Edward,  president  of  the  United  States  Guarantee 
company  of  New  York,  is  a  native  of  England  and  saw  his  first  service 
in  insurance  over  forty  years  ago  in  the  office  of  the  European  Life 
and  Guarantee  company  of  London.  In  1868  he  was  sent  to  Canada 
to  establish  a  branch  at  Montreal.  When  the  company  transferred  its 
Canadian  guarantee  business  to  the  Citizens  of  Montreal  Mr.  Rawlings 
continued  for  some  years  in  charge  of  that  department  of  the  latter 
companv's  business.  In  1872,  he  organized  the  Guarantee  Company 
of  North  America,  and  in  the  same  year  the  Accident  insurance  com- 
pany of  North  America,  becoming  manager  of  both.  He  is  still  man- 
ager of  the  former  company,  and  in  1881  established  the  New  York 
company,  of  which  he  is  also  the  head. 

Raymond,  Charles  H*.  general  agent  of  the  Mutual  Life  insurance 
company  in  the  city  of  New  York,  is  a  native  of  Albany,  N.  Y. 
His  insurance  expenence  began  with  a  clerkship  in  the  New  York 
State  Insurance  Department,  where  he  became  in  time  deputy  super- 
intendent. He  went  to  the  war  in  1861  with  the  Albany  Zouaves,  and 
served  in  the  Mississippi  River  campaign.  On  his  return  to  New  York, 
he  accepted  the  secretarvship  of  the  Widows  and  Orphans  Benefit  Life 
insurance  company,  and  on  the  resignation  of  ex-Governor  Robinson 
as  president,  succeeded  him  in  that  office.  When  the  companv  was 
reinsured  in  1871,  Mr.  Raymond  became  a  partner  of  John  A.  Little, 

gmeral  agent  of  the  Mutual  Life  for  the  metropolitan  district,  and 
ter  was  appointed  to  the  full  control  of  the  agency.  He  was  the 
first  president  of  the  Life  Insurance  Association  of  New  York,  and 
was  president  of  the  national  association  in  1892. 

->^«».^giBter,  I.  Layton,  financial  agent  of  the  Equitable  Life  assur- 
ance society  in  Pennsylvania,  was  born  at  Newcastle,  Del.,  in  1842. 
He  entered  the  Philadelphia  office  of  the  Mutual  Life  as  a  lunior  clerk, 
and  left  it  three  years  later  to  become  a  special  agent  for  the  Washing- 
Ion  Life.  In  1865  he  became  connected  with  the  Equitable  Life,  to 
which  he  has  given  the  remaining  years  of  his  business  career.  He  is 
the  oldest  general  aeent  of  the  company.  Mr.  Register  has  twice  been 
president  of  the  Phuadelphia  Life  Underwriters'  Association. 

Reinsured,  Retired,  and  Failed  Fire  Insarance  Companies 
in  1892.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  fire  insurance  companies 
which  ceased  to  do  business  for  various  causes  in  1892: 

HTOCK  COXfPANIEH. 

Companies.  Assets.  Rtinsured  by 

Alliance,  New  York $373,974     United  Fire  of  Mancheflter. 

American,  Wheeling, 112,112     Pha-nii  of  London  and  Citizens  of 

Toledo. 

California,  San  Franciaco, 1,123,116     Peoples  of  Manchester ;  Home  of 

New  Yorlc;  Fireman's  Fund  of 
San  Francisco. 

Cascade,  Seattle.  Wash., 231 .949     Farmers  of  Seattle. 

Central  City,  Selma,  Ala., 145,836     Hartford  Fire. 

( ;i tizens,  Cincinnati, 281 ,752     German- Americ*ii  of  N. Y. ;  resumed. 

4  'ity  of  London,  England, 688,439     Palatine  of  Manchester. 

Delta,  GnenvUio,  lOss., 118,874     Carried  risks  to  maturity.    ^ 

.,_..,  ^oogle 


898    RsmsuRBD,  Rbtirbd,  asi>  Failbd  Firs  Ibs.  Oompahie& 


OompanUt.  AjfOs.  Beinntred  Ay 

Fire  AMociation  of  TexM,  Waco, ....      $116,881     Mechanics  and  Tradere  of  New  Oris. 
Firemen,  Cincinnati, 176,019     Merchants  and  Mannfactaren  of 

Cincinnati. 

Firemen's,  Dajton, 488,711      National  Fire  of  Hartford. 

German  Fire,  Philadelphia, 228,>n     NaUonal  Fire  of  Hartford. 

Olohe  Fire,  ^ew  York, 807,006     Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe; 

resumed. 
Iron  District,  SpartanboriBri  S.  C, . . . .        100,000     American  Fire  of  Philaddphia. 

Jersey  CitT,  Jert>cy  (.^ity, 486,790     Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe. 

Lafayette  Fire,  Brooklyn, 254,806     Home  of  New  York. 

Loaisville  (^ermania, 140,880     Fhenix  of  Brooklyn. 

National  Fire,  New  York 866,514     Commercial  Union. 

New  Orleans  Insurance  Company, . . .        843,038     Phcenix  of  Hartford. 

Oregon  Fire  and  Marine,  Portland, . .        880,536     8t  Paul  Fire  and  Marine  and  Con- 

necticnt  Plre. 

Pelican,  New  Orleans, r 80,001     8nn  Mutual,  N.  O. 

Pioneer,  Chicago, 1S6,966     Reserve  of  Cleveland. 

8t  Paul  German, 9^^,411      FaOed  and  assigned. 

standard  Fire,  New  York, 884,114     Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe. 

Unden^'riters,  Wheeling, 118,907     Pbienix  of  London  and  Citizens  of 

Toledo. 
Watertown,  South  Dakota, 140,787     Carried  risks  to  maturity. 

ToUl, $8,185,406 

Besides  the  above  the  United  Fire  of  Manchester  retired  by  the 
absorption  of  its  business  by  its  sister  company,  the  Palatine.  The 
Union  of  San  Francisco  was  purchased  by  the  Alliance  of  London, 
which  entered  the  Pacific  coast  states  for  business.  Other  retirements 
from  the  Pacific  coast  were  the  General  of  London,  risks  re-insured  by 
the  London  and  Lancashire;  Scania  Fire  of  Sweden,  risks  re-insured 
by  the  Queen,  and  Union  Fire  and  Marine  of  New  Zealand  by  the  Alli- 
ance of  London. 

The  Alliance  of  New  York  went  through  a  re-insurance  process 
twice  during  the  year,  unloading  first  on  the  Phenix  and  resuming 
business  and  then  surrendering  finally  to  the  United  Fire  of  Manchester. 
The  Farmers  of  Le  Roy,  Ohio,  re-insured  all  but  its  home  state  business. 
The  New  York  Fire  and  Exchange  Fire  of  New  York,  which  reinsured 
their  business  in  1891,  resumed  in  1892. 

The  Fireman's  Fund  of  San  Francisco  bought  the  control  of  the 
Home  Mutual  of  the  same  city,  but  continued  its  existence.  The  Lon- 
don and  Lancashire  bought  tlie  Norwalk  Fire  of  Connecticut  and 
continued  it. 

MUTUAL  COMPANICS. 

Companies.  AtseU,  Rekntured  by 

City  Mutual,  Harrisburg,  Pa., Failed. 

Detroit  Manufacturers  Mutual, $294,846  Retired. 

Electric  Mutual,  Boston, 18,907  Home  of  New  York. 

Farmers,  Vanderbilt,  Mich Retired. 

Industrial,  Harper's  Ferry, Retired. 

M  illers,  De  Pere,  Wis 16,892  Roll  red. 

Mutual  Fire  Asfloclation,  Toledo, 1,414  Failed. 

New  Hanover,  Pa., Failed. 

North wwUto,  Toledo, Failed. 

Phanix  Mutual,  Cincinnati, 34,256  Retired. 

Seneca  County,  Tiffin,  O., 23,883  Failed. 

Steelton  Mutual,  Pa., 8,278  Failed. 

United  Manufacturers,  Cleveland, . . .  30,847  New  England  Factory  MntnaJs 

\V  eeteru  Millers,  Minneapolis 16,330  Miclilgan  Millers  of  Lansing. 

$888,608  ^  T 

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Rhode  Island  Inburakce  Refort.  399 

The  only  life  insurance  company  which  ceased  to  do  business  in 
1892  was  the  Imperial  Life  of  Detroit  [which  see].  The  usual  number 
of  small  assessment  concerns  passed  away. 

Belton,  Arthur  J.,  fire  manager  of  the  Guardian  of  London,  was 
bom  there  in  1856,  and  learned  the  rudiments  of  insurance  as  a  clerk 
in  the  Westminster  Fire  Office.  In  1876  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  Guar- 
dian office,  and  was  promoted  to  chief  of  the  foreign  fire  department 
in  1886.  He  was  assistant  manager  in  1888,  and,  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Marsden,  succeeded  him  as  Are  manager. 

Bents,  Insurance  of.  A  company  with  the  title  of  the  Rent 
Guaranty  Company  of  New  York  was  incorporated  in  November,  1892, 
to  guarantee  the  payment  of  rents  to  landlords  or  owners  of  buildings. 
The  capital  stock  was  fixed  at  $250,000,  and  the  following  officers  and 
trustees  were  elected:  President,  L.  M.  Lawson;  yice-president  and 
treasurer,  Edward  H.  Nicoll;  secretary,  Andrew  Derron;  trustees, 
Richard  A.  Brown  of  New  York,  real  estate;  Charles  N.  Morgan  of 
New  York,  lawyer;  Alexander  Dewar,  cashier  of  the  American  Ex- 
change National  Bank,  Chicago;  Daniel  G.  Thompson  of  New  York, 
lawjrer :  Qeorge  P.  Shelden,  president  of  the  Phenix  Insurance  Company ; 
Dayid  B.  Sickles,  second  yice-president  of  the  American  Surety  Com- 

Sany;  Thomas  Makellar,  president  of  the  Twenty-third  Ward  Bank, 
Tew  York;  Leonidas  M.  Lawson  and  John  T.  McChesney  of  New 
York.  The  principal  office  was  at  1(^  Broadway,  New  York,  and 
there  would  be  branch  offices  in  Philadelphia,  Boston,  and  Chicago. 

Bhode  Island  Insurance  Report  for  1892.  Six  fire  insurance 
companies  and  one  casualty  insurance  company  were  admitted  during 
the  preceding  year  to  Rhode  Island,  to  wit:  the  Alliance  of  New  York, 
Mercantile  Pire  and  Marine  of  Boston,  Queen  of  New  York,  St.  Paul 
Fire  and  Marine,  Union  and  Manchester  Fire  of  England,  and  Guaran- 
tee and  Accident  Lloyds  of  New  York.  The  certificate  of  the  last  was 
afterwards  reyoked.  Nine  fire  insurance  companies  ceased  doing 
business  in  the  state.  After  alluding  to  the  enormous  fire  waste  and 
asking  the  legislature  to  take  measures  to  reduce  Rhode  Island's  share 
of  the  loss,  the  insurance  commissioner  dwelt  at  some  length  on  the 
desirableness  of  a  state  department  of  insurance  superyision,  separated 
from  the  state  auditor's  office.    He  said : 

I  am  forced  to  the  convictioD  that  the  recommendation,  some  two  yean  since,  of 
Governor  H.  L.  Ladd  ehoold  be  carried  out,  and  the  baeinees  of  insurance  and  state 
auditor  separated,  and  an  insurance  department  created,  presided  over  by  a  competent 
man,  whose  term  of  office  should  be  sufficiently  long  to  enable  him  to  become  thoroughly 
conversant  with  all  the  interests  and  details  of  the  business,  as  under  the  present  system, 
let  a  man  be  ever  so  good,  knowing  that  his  term  of  office  is  only  one  year,  there  is  no 
indncement  for  him  to  attempt  to  fathom  the  mysteries  of  the  business,  but  with  ade- 
quate compensation  to  enable  him  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  his  department,  and  with 
sufficient  appropriations  it  will  enable  him  to  put  the  department  upon  ^ucb  a  basis  as 
will  compare  favorably  with  those  of  other  states. 

The  receipts  of  the  department,  including  taxes  on  insurance  com- 
panies in  1801,  were,  $107,286,  being  an  increase  of  $10,007  oyer  the 
receipts  of  the  preceding  year.  The  expenditures  of  the  department 
were  not  stated. 


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400  Root,  William  M.  ^ 

Bhode  Island,  Insnranee  SnperTlsIon  in,  1856-1898.  The  insni- 
ance  department  was  established  in  1866.  and  was  oompoeed  originally 
of  a  board  of  three  commissioners.  In  1868  the  law  was  amended 
making  the  state  auditor  &z  officio  msurance  commissioner.  The  audi- 
tor is  elected  bv  the  legislature  annually.  The  board  of  three  commis- 
sioners from  1856  to  1868  were  John  R.  Bartlett,  William  R  Watson, 
and  Samuel  A.  Parker.  The  commissioners  who  have  serred  since 
1868  areas  follows: 


Jamee  C.  Collins, 

lS6S-ia68 

Almon  K.  Goodwin, 

1888-198B 

James  M.  Spencer, 
Samuel  H.  Croea, 
Eliaha  W.  Bucklln, 

1868-1882 

William  C.  Townaend, 

188S-189U 

18K2-1887 

Eli8ha  W.  Bucklin, 

1890-1891 

1887-1888 

Albert  C.  Landers, 

18B1- 

Commissioner  Landers  was  elected  May  27, 1891,  by  the  legislature, 
succeeding  E.  W.  Bucklin,  and  was  re-elected  in  1892.  William  H. 
Brines  is  chief  clerk  of  the  department. 

Rhodes,  Stephen  H.,  president  of  the  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life 
insurance  company  of  Boston,  was  bom  at  Franklin,  Mass.,  Novem- 
ber 7,  1825.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  that  place  and 
engaged  in  manufacturing  and  mercantile  business  until  he  became 
interested  in  life  insurance.  He  was  mayor  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  three 
years,  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  senate  in  1870  and  1871,  and  the 
lollowing  year  he  was  appointed  deputy  insurance  commissioner  of 
Massachusetts.  He  succe^ed  Mr.  Clark  as  insurance  commissioner  in 
1874,  and  was  reappointed  in  1877.  Mr.  Rhodes  resigned  in  1879  to 
accept  the  presidency  of  the  John  Hancock. 

Blehards,  William  H.,  president  of  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty 
Company.    [See  Death  Roll.] 

Ripley,  George  H.,  president  of  the  Home  Life  insurance  company 
of  New  York,  was  born  in  1849,  and  receiyed  a  business  training  in  a 
large  New  York  wholesale  grocery  house.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
secretary  of  the  Home  Life,  and  in  1890  vice-president.  He  succeeded 
Mr.  Charles  A.  Townsend  as  president  in  1892. 

Bobbery.  Insurance  against.  In  December,  1892,  at  Baltimore, 
the  Maryland  Theft  insurance  company  was  incorporated,  with  $100,000 
capital,  to  insure  banks,  business  men,  private  residences,  etc.,  against 
loss  from  burglars,  and  other  thieves,  to  insure  travelers  against  theft 
or  injury  to  baggage,  and  to  insure  freight  of  all  kinds  in  transit  against 
damage  by  collision  or  Uieft.  The  incorporators  were  Henry  R.~  Rob- 
bins,  Bruce  Chataubriand,  Winfield  J.  Taylor,  Henry  C.  TumbuU, 
John  B.  Stansbury,  James  Clement,  Henry  J.  Halbert,  J.  Brown  Hal- 
bert,  and  Adelbert  McLean. 

Rocky  Mountain  Clnb.    [See  Mountain  Field  Club.] 

Root,  William  M.,  commissioner  of  insurance  of  Wisconsin,  wss 
born  at  Cleveland,  O.,  December  27,  1844.  His  residence  is  at  She- 
boygan, which  he  has  represented  in  the  Wisconsin  Assembly  four 
terms.  He  has  twice  been  sheriff  of  Sheboygan  county,  chief  of  poUce 
one  term,  and  police  justice  four  terms.  Mr.  Root  was  elected  insur- 
ance commissioner  by  the  people  in  1890,  and  was  re-elected  in  1892. 


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Salary  Inburancb.  401 

Boyce,  Philander  C^  secretary  of  the  Hartford  Fire  insurance 
company,  was  born  in  1888,  at  Plainfield,  111.  He  obtained  bis  early 
education  there,  and  in  1860  graduated  from  Knox  College  at  Gales - 
burg,  111.  After  leaving  college  he  tausht  school,  and  in  1863  was 
elected  superintendent  of  city  schools  and  principal  of  the  High  school 
at  Joliet,  111.  Two  years  later  be  entered  the  fire  insurance  business, 
liaying  accepted  the  local  agency  at  Joliet  of  the  Hartford  Fire  and 
other  companies.  In  1866  he  began  field  work  as  special  agent  for  the 
Merchants  of  Chicago.  In  May,  1872,  Mr.  Royce  again  entered  the 
service  of  the  Hartford  and  became  a  special  a{;ent  in  its  western 
department.  This  position  he  held  until  called,  m  August,  1876,  to 
fill  the  office  of  secretary  of  the  Girard  Fire  and  Marine  of  Philadelphia. 
In  1881  he  once  more  returned  to  the  Hartford  Fire  as  assistant  secre- 
tary, and,  in  June,  1886,  he  succeeded  Mr.  Whiting  as  secretary. 

Bnssell,  Thomas  W.^  president  of  the  Connecticut  General  Life 
insurance  company,  was  born  at  Greenfield,  Mass.,  in  Mav,  1824.  He 
received  an  academical  education,  taught  school,  and  afterwards 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until,  in  1852,  he  began  his  real  life 
work  by  soliciting  insurance  for  the  Charter  Oak  Life.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  vice-president  of  that  company.  Seven  years  later  he  was 
chosen  the  first  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  General  Life.  He  was 
elected  its  president  in  1876.  Mr.  Russell  has  been  a  member  of  the 
state  legislature  and  for  several  years  was  connected  with  the  Hartford 
city  government. 

BngSrlos,  William  B.,  ex-deputy  superintendent  of  the  New  York 
insurance  department.     [See  Death  Roll.] 

Baloff  Conspiraey  Case.  William  RulofF,  a  German  farmer  near 
Seattle,  Wash.,  secured  insurance  on  bis  life  in  the  Mutual,  New  York, 
and  Equitable  companies  of  New  York.  With  the  connivance  of  his 
wife  and  a  friend  named  Eostrauch,  in  April,  1892,  he  placed  a  corpse 
stolen  from  a  neighboring  graveyard  in  his  own  bed,  set  fire  to  his 
house,  and  disappeared.  After  the  fire  the  bones  of  this  body  were 
discovered,  ana  it  was  thought  Ruloff  had  been  murdered  and  the 
house  fired  to  cover  the  crime.  Eostrauch  was  arrested  for  the  sup- 
peeed  murder.  At  the  inquest  Eostrauch  made  a  full  confession  in 
which  he  said  that  Ruloff,  his  wife,  and  himself  expected  to  go  back 
to  Germanv  to  enjoy  the  proceeds  of  the  life  insurance  money.  A  Dr. 
Frank  R.  Ballard  was  arrested  on  the  strength  of  a  confession  by  Mrs. 
Ruloff.  Ballard  had  sworn  that  the  corpse  was  Ruloff 's  body,  and, 
according  te  Mrs.  Ruloff,  was  to  assist  her  in  collecting  from  the 
companies,  for  which  service  he  was  to  receive  $10,000.  Ruloff  was 
captured  by  detectives  and  taken  back  to  Seattle,  where  he  and  his 
accomplices  were  tried  and  convicted. 

S 

Salary  Insurance.  The  American  Casualty  Insurance  and  Secur- 
ity Company  of  Baltimore  adopted  in  1892  a  plan  devised  by  John  M. 
Crane,  the  general  superintendent  of  insurance,  against  loss  of  salary  to 
employes  caused  by  loss  of  situation.  This  branch  of  business  was  put 
under  the  immediate  supervision  of  Mr.  Crane. 


18* 


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402  Scull  &  Bradlkt. 

Salt  Lake  City  Board  of  Underwriters  was  oi^ganized  in  that  city 
March  25,  1892.  Among  some  of  the  features  of  the  agreement  signed 
were  these  :  The  initiation  fees  were  put  at  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents, 
with  monthly  dues  of  fifty  cents,  and  it  was  voted  that  no  solicitor  be 
paid  less  than  fifty  dollars  per  month.  No  firm  was  allowed  to  employ 
oyer  one  solicitor,  and  no  policy  could  be  written  for  a  premium  of  less 
than  five  dollars.  Aflidavits  to  the  effect  that  the  members  of  the 
board  had  not  violated  the  rules  were  to  be  filed  monthly  with  the  sec- 
retary. All  premiums  were  to  be  considered  due  on  the  first  of  the 
month  following  the  writing  of  the  policy,  and  any  member  might  have 
the  privilege  of  canceling  a  policy  after  the  expiration  of  sixty  days, 
where  the  premium  was  not  paid,  and  placing  the  assured  od  the  de- 
linquent list ;  and  where  a  premium  had  not  been  paid  for  ninety  days 
after  the  date  of  the  policy,  it  would  become  obligatory  on  the  member 
to  notify  the  secretary  of  the  board  of  the  non-payment  of  the  premium, 
and  the  placing  of  the  assured  on  the  delinquent  list,  and  the  secretary 
must  at  once  report  the  same  to  every  member  of  the  board. 

Salvage  Corps*  8ee  Fire  Patrols  and  Salvage  Corps  in  the  United 
States. 

Schedule,  Universal  Mercantile.  [See  Universal.] 
^^  Schumann,  Hugo,  president  of  the  Germania  Fire  insurance  com- 
pany of  New  York,  is  a  native  of  Qermany,  where  he  was  bom  in  1842. 
After  three  years'  business  experience  in  Oermany,  from  1857  to  1860, 
he  came  to  the  United  States.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  army,  and  served  until  he  was  wounded,  when  he  re- 
ceived an  honorable  discharge.  His  connection  with  the  QeramniaFife 
insurance  company  dates  from  1863.  Four  years  after  he  entered  the 
service  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  companv.  In  January,  1886,  he 
was  made  vice  president,  and  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Garrigue  in  1891,  he 
succeeded  to  the  presidency. 

^^cott,  Edward  W,,  third  vice-president  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assur- 
ance Society,  was  born  at  Lockport,  New  York,  May  7, 1844.  His  early 
life  insurance  experience  was  with  the  Anchor  Life  of  New  York,  and 
he  afterwards  transferred  his  services  to  the  Equitable,  being  appointed 
superintendent  of  agencies.  He  was  sent  to  Australia  to  introduce  the 
business  of  the  company  into  that  country,  and  has,  in  fact,  been  around 
the  globe  three  times  in  behalf  of  its  foreign  business.  The  growth  of 
the  Australian  business  is  largely  due  to  his  energy  and  persistence.  He 
was  elected  third  vice-president  in  1885.  Mr.  Scott  was  president  of 
the  Colonial  Club  of  New  York  in  1892-3. 

Scull  &  Bradley  of  Boston,  fire  and  marine  insurance  agents,  dis- 
solved co-partnership  July  1,  1892,  Mr.  Bradley  withdrawug  on  ac> 
count  of  impaired  health.  This  firm  was  for  a  long  time  the  leading 
fire  and  marine  insurance  office  in  New  England.  It  was  organized  in 
1867  as  Foster  &  Cole.  In  1874  Mr.  Cole  retired,  and  the  firm  became 
Foster  &  Scull.  The  senior  member  died  in  1881,  and  Scull  & 
Bradley  succeeded.  They  had  the  New  England  management  of 
the  Royal  and  Pennsylvania  Fire  and  the  local  agency  of  the  Amer- 
ican Fire  of  Philadelphia  and  Insurance  Company  of  North  America. 
George  P.  Field  joined  the  firm  in  1884.  The  successors  of  Scull  & 
Bradley  are  Scull  <&  Field. 


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SiLVET,  Jambb  a.  403 

Selection  in  Life  Insnranee,  Effects  of.  The  Mutual  Life  in 
April,  1802,  published  an  essay  by  Dr.  Emory  McClintock,  actuary  of 
the  company,  on  "The  Effects  of  Selection  in  Life  Lisurance."  The 
essay  was  written  in  competition  for  a  prize  offered  by  the  Institute  of 
Actuaries,  and  receiyed  the  second  prize.  The  least  technical  parts  of 
the  essay  were  printed  in  TTie  Weekly  Underwriter  for  April  16,  1892. 
llie  concluding  paragraph  of  the  essay  was  as  follows  : 

One  form  of  selection  bids  fair  to  become  a  feature  iii  certain  offices,  above  all  in 
American  offices-;  that  which  depends  on  options  available  at  fixed  periods,  at  which 
periods  exceptionally  large  values  in  cash  are  offered,  either  for  the  surrender  of  policies 
or  hi  Uea  of  reversionarv  bonuses  derived  from  the  accumulated  profits  of  a  long  term  of 
years.  In  such  cases  it  is  more  than  usually  likely  that  the  choice  of  the  policyholder  is 
made  with  conscious  regard  to  his  physical  condition  at  the  time.  If  still  a  good  life,  he 
is  then  especially  subject  to  importunity  to  take  the  cash  and  effect  a  new  assurance  in 
the  same  office  or  elsewhere.  This  form  of  selection  is  eminently  susceptible  of  investi- 
gation by  the  several  offices.  I  do  not  doubt  that  after  each  such  period  there  will  be 
found  a  noteworthy  increase  of  loss  among  the  assurances  not  surrendered. 

Sewall,  Charles,  resident  United  States  manager  for  the  Commer- 
cial Union  Assurance  Company  of  London,  wss  born  in  1848.  in  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.  In  1868  he  entered  the  New  York  oflSce  of  the  Liverpool 
and  London  and  Globe  as  a  clerk.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  assistant 
secretary,  and  in  1877  assistant  manager  of  that  company.  In  1878  he 
resigned  to  become  assistant  manager  of  the  United  Slates  branch  of 
the  Commercial  Union.  In  Noy ember,  1885,  he  succeeded  to  the  office 
of  manager.  Mr.  Sewall  is  also  president  of  the  Commercial  Union  in- 
surance company  of  New  York. 

^^Scward,  George  F.,  president  of  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  Com- 
pfB^f  New  York,  was  born  at  Florida,  Now  York,  November  8,  1840. 
He  was  educated  at  Union  College,  Schenectady,  and  while  there  was 
appointed  United  States  consul  at  Shanghai,  China.  In  1858  he  was 
ni«ie  consul-general  and  afterwards  was  sent  to  Siam  as  the  represcnta 
tive  of  the  United  States  in  arranging  a  treaty  with  that  count  it.  He 
was  appointed  United  States  minister  to  Corea  in  1869  and  in  1876  to 
China.  After  his  return  home  he  became  interested  in  insurance  mat- 
ters, was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  in  1887, 
and  succeeded  Mr.  Richards,  on  his  death  in  1892,  as  president.  Mr. 
Seward  has  written  much  upon  the  affairs  of  Eastern  Asia,  with  which 
he  is  probably  more  thoroughly  acquainted  than  any  other  American 
publicist. 

^^  Shipley,  Samuel  R.,  president  of  the  Provident  Life  and  Trust 
Company  of  Philadelphia,  was  born  in  that  city  of  Quaker  parentage, 
January  8,  1828.  He  was  educated  at  a  Friends'  academy  m  Chester 
county,  Pa.,  and  at  an  early  age  became  partner  of  a  large  importing 
house  in  Philadelphia.  As  a  member  of  the  firm  he  made  a  number  of 
journeys  abroad  in  connection  with  the  business.  Having  accumulated 
a  sufficient  fortune  he  retired  from  mercantile  pursuits  in  1863.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  insurance  company  and  was  elected  its  first 
president,  a  position  he  still  occupies.  He  is  also  connected  with 
various  financifd  and  charitable  institutions  of  his  native  city. 

Sllyey,  James  A.,  second  vice-president  of  the  German- American 
insurance  company  of  New  York,  was  bom  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  in 
1849.    His  acquaintance  with  fire  underwriting  began  in  the  oflQce  of  the , 


404  Bkith,  Robbrt  J. 

Standard  Fire  of  New  York  in  1865,  where  he  became  assistant  to  its 
secretary.  He  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  German-American  in 
1878,  the  year  after  its  organization.  He  has  been,  therefore,  one  of 
the  builders- up  of  the  company,  almost  from  its  foundation.  In  1888 
Mr.  BilTey  was  elected  second  yice-president,  retaining,  however,  the 
secretaryship,  and  he  holds  the  dual  offices  at  the  present  time.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  New  York  Insurance  Club  and  is  its 
present  president.  He  it  vice-president  of  the  TarifF  Association  of 
New  York,  and  treasurer  of  the  Underwriters  Salvage  CJorps.  Mr.  Sil- 
vey  is  a  resident  of  East  Orange,  New  Jersey,  and  is  a  leading  Mason  in 
New  Jersey, 

""^^kllton,  De  Witt  C^^president  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Un- 
derwriters  and  of  the  Fhoeniz  insurance  company  of  Hartford,  was 
born  at  Plymouth,  Conn.,  January  11, 1839.  In  1854  he  went  to  Hart> 
ford  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business.  In  October,  1861,  he  en- 
tered the  insurance  business  as  a  clerk  of  the  Hartford  Fire  insurance 
company.  In  1862  he  went  to  the  war  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  23d  regi- 
ment of  Connecticut  volunteers.  He  returned  the  following  year  and 
resumed  his  desk  in  the  office  of  the  Hartford.  In  December,  1867,  he 
was  elected  secretarj^  of  the  Fhceniz  insurance  company,  and  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Kellogg  m'February ,  1891 ,  succeeded  him  as  president.  Mr. 
Skilton  was  for  several  years  secretary,  and  is  now  the  president  of  the 
National  Board,  and  was  a  member  of  the  committee  which  prepared 
the  New  York  standard  policy. 

Smith,  Amos  D.,  8d,  of  Boston  was  appointed  in  February,  1892, 
Boston  special  agent  of  the  Mutual  Life  of  New  York. 

Smith,  Charles  H.,  insurance  commissioner  of  Minnesota,  was  bom 
at  Weston,  Vermont,  July  14, 1834.  He  was  an  insurance  and  real  estate 
agent  at  Worthington,  Minnesota,  at  the  time  he  was  appointed  in- 
surance commissioner  in  1891.    He  was  reappointed  in  1893. 

Smith,  J.  Fisher,  manager  for  Great  Britain  for  the  New  York 
Life  insurance  company  from  the  beginning  of  its  business  in  that 
country,  was  retired  as  **  honorary  manager  in  March,  1892,  being 
succeeded  by  Thomas  Crawford,  who  haa  been  assistant  manager  for 
twenty  years.  Mr.  Smith  died  from  cancer  of  the  tongue,  April  80. 
[See  Death  Roll.] 

Smith,  Joseph  0.,  insurance  commissioner  of  Maine,  was  bom  at 
Weston,  Me.,  April  24,  1889.  He  has  been  a  merchant,  publisher,  and 
newspaper  editor,  member  of  the  state  legislature,  deputy  secretary  of 
state  and  secretary  of  state,  and  was  appelated  to  his  present  office  in 
1885  and  has  twice  been  reappointed. 

Smith,  Robert  J.,  secretary  of  the  Traders'  insurance  company  of 
Chicago,  ill.,  was  a  farmer's  son,  born  in  southern  Illinois,  July  12, 
1837.  He  was  educated  at  Shurtleff  college  and  for  a  few  years  taugbt 
in  the  public  schools.  His  business  inclinations  were  manifested  early 
in  life  bv  his  acceptance  of  a  position  as  speciaJ  agent  of  the  JBtna  of 
Hartford.  In  this  capacity  he  became  acquainted  extensively  with  the 
insurance  agents  of  his  native  state.  In  1868  Mr,  Smith  removed  to 
Chicago  to  take  the  western  general  agency  of  the  old  Putnam  insur- 


South  Eastern  Tariff  Associatiok.  405 

aace  company  of  Connecticut.  In  July,  1874,  he  was  elected  secretary 
and  manager  of  the  Traders'  insurance  company.  He  has  filled 
several  offices  of  honor  and  trust  in  and  outside  his  profession.  He 
was  president  of  the  Fire  Underwriters  association  of  the  northwest 
three  terms  and  president  of  the  international  board  of  marine  under- 
writers two  years.  He  has  also  been  president  of  the  Iroquois  club, 
the  leading  Democratic  club  of  Chicago,  and  president  of  the  Illinois 
club  of  the  same  city. 

Snider,  S.  H.,  superintendent  of  insurance  of  Kansas,  was  bom  in 
Carter  county,  Tenn.,  December  18,  1853.  He  studied  law,  went  to 
Colorado  and  practiced  his  profession  there,  being  at  one  time  county 
judge.  He  moved  into  Kansas  some  ten  years  ago,  putting;  up  his 
shingle  at  Kingwar,  where  he  also  did  some  business  as  a  fire  insurance 
agent.  Judge  Snider  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  People's  party  in 
Kansas,  and  the  insurance  department  fell  to  his  lot  as  the  fruits  of 
I>olitical  victory. 

Snow,  Elbridge  G.,  second  vice-president  of  the  Home  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  was  bom  at  Barkhamsted,  Conn.,  January  22, 
1841.  He  was  educated  at  Fort  Edward  institute.  New  York,  and 
studied  law  in  Waterbury,  Conn.,  but  gave  up  a  prospective  career  at 
the  bar  to  enter  the  insurance  business  as  a  clerk  in  an  agency  office  in  - 
that  place.  In  1862  he  joined  the  office  force  of  the  Home  in  the  cfty 
of  New  York  and  was  some  years  afterwards  made  state  agent  of  the 
company  for  Massachusetts,  with  headquarters  in  Boston.  Here  he 
also  organized  the  firm  of  Hollis  &  Snow,  local  agents.  In  1885  Mr. 
Snow  was  recalled  to  New  York  as  assistant  secretary  and  1888  he 
succeeded  Mr.  Washburn  as  second  vice-president. 

South  Carolina,  Snperyision  of  Insnranee  in,  1876-1808.  In 
South  Carolina  the  comptroller-general  is  charged  with  limited  duties 
of  insurance  supervision.  Since  the  insurance  law  was  passed  in  1876, 
the  comptrollers-general  have  been  Johnson  Hagood,  John  Bratton, 
W,  E.  Stoney,  John  8.  Veraer,  and  W.  H.  Ellerbe,  the  latter  being 
the  present  incumbent  of  the  office.  The  term  is  for  two  years. 
James  Norton  is  the  present  chief  clerk  of  the  department. 

Sonth  Dakota,  Snperyision  of  Insurance  in,  1880-1898.  The 
state  auditor  in  South  Dakota  is  charged  with  the  duties  of  insurance 
supervision,  his  term  being  for  two  years  and  his  election  by  the 
people.  L.  C.  Taylor  was  the  first  official,  from  November  2,  1889, 
and  was  succeeded  in  1898  by  J.  E.  Hippie,  the  present  incumbent. 

Sonth  Eastern  Tariff  Association.  The  first  meeting  of  this  asso- 
ciation was  held  at  New  Holland  Springs,  near  QainesviUe,  Ga.,  on 
August  16,  1882.  At  that  meeting  about  thirty  companies  were 
represented,  and  promise  of  co-operation  was  received  from  about 
seventeen  others.  Capt.  Edward  8.  Gay,  the  present  manager  of  the 
insurance  company  of  North  America,  was  the  temporary  chairman, 
and  the  following  permanent  officers  were  chosen  at  that  time:  Presi- 
dent, Clarence  Knowles  (then  special  agent  of  the  New  York  Under- 
writers Agency);  vice-president,  Peter  P.  Pescud  (then  special  agent  of 
the  Commercial  Union);  secretary,  Thomas  Peters  (then  a  general  ad- 


406  South  EabtbriT  Tariff  AaaociATioH. 

Juster  in  Atlanta,  Ga.).  The  operations  of  the  association  first  covered 
the  states  of  North  Carolina,  South  Oarolina,  Georgia,  and  Alabama, 
and  its  object  was  stated  to  be  "  to  organize  and  midntain  local  boards; 
to  establish  and  enforce  adequate  rates  and  uniform  commissions,  and 
inculcate  sound  principles  of  underwriting." 

Mr.  Knowles  remained  president  of  the  association  until  June, 
1888,  at  which  time  Maj.  Liyingston  Mims,  the  present  head  of  the 
association,  was  elected  and  has  remained  in  office  since.  Mr.  Thomas 
Peters  continued  in  office  as  secretary  until  May,  1886.  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Chas.  C.  Fleming,  who  was  continued  as  secretanr  until 
he  resigned  to  accept  service  with  the  German-American  in  March, 
1891.  Mr.  Fleming  was  succeeded  by  the  present  secretary,  8.  T. 
Tupper. 

The  most  important  work  of  the  association  has  been  the  enforce- 
ment of  an  adequate  tariff  and  uniform  commissions,  which  latter 
legislation  has  been  vigorously  prosecuted  throughout  the  southern 
territory  under  the  authority  of  the  association  for  the  psst  five  years. 
The  association  has  jurisdiction  now  over  the  states  of  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Mississippi,  Louisiana, 
and  Virginia.  The  last  two  states  were  added  to  the  territory  of  the 
association  in  1892. 

The  eleventh  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  at  the 
Arlington,  Washington,  D.  C,  March  16,  17,  and  18,  1892.  PreddeDt 
Livingston  Mims  occupied  the  chair.  Representatives  of  fifty-fonr 
companies  answered  to  the  roll  call. 

President  Mims  in  his  address  commended  the  appointment  of  an 
electrical  examiner  for  the  association,  advocated  an  advance  in  rates 
of  insurance  and  a  reduction  of  agent's  commissions,  urged  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  bureau  of  classification  to  which  all  the  companies  com- 
posine  the  association  should  contribute  their  experience,  urged  the 
adoption  and  wide  use  of  the  general  co-insurance  clause,  and  pro- 
tested against  the  hostile  attitude  of  legislatures  towards  the  insurance 
business.  He  made  a  special  allusion  to  the  great  losses  on  cotton  and 
called  for  more  care  in  the  construction  of  warehouses  and  more  care- 
ful adjustments.  The  application  of  the  state  of  Louisiana  to  be  taken 
into  the  association  he  regarded  as  a  great  compliment  to  the  organiza- 
tion. 

The  recommendations  in  the  president's  address  were  referred  to  a 
special  committee  of  fifteen,  composed  of  Messrs.  H.  C.  Stockdell, 
chairman;  G.  W.  Babb,  Jr.,  Clarence  F.  Low,  L.  M.  Tucker,  A.  H. 
Wray,  John  C.  Whitner,  Clarence  Enowles,  Edward  8.  Gay,  J.  H. 
Mitchell,  John  W.  Pearce,  J.  Goodnow,  John  D.  Young,  Thomas 
Egleston,  J.  A.  Thomas,  E.  B.  Clark. 

The  secretary,  Mr.  Tupper,  reported  that  the  work  of  the  associa- 
tion during  the  year  had  proceeded  with  very  little  friction.  The 
application  of  the  seventy-five  per  cent,  co-insurance  clause  in  policies 
covering  fertilizer  factories  and  contents,  and  the  eighty  per  cent, 
co-insurance  clause  in  cotton  seed  oil  mills  and  sprinkled  manufac- 
turing risks,  had  resulted  in  increasing  the  amount  of  insurance  carried 
on  these  plants.  In  the  case  of  sprinkled  cotton  mills  it  has  been  found 
necessary  in  order  to  meet  outside  mutual  competition,  to  waive,  in 
some  instances,  the  requirement  of  the  eighty  per  cent,  co-insurance 


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South  Eastern  Tariff  Absogiation.  407 

clause;  but  only  when  they  were  satisfled  that  the  totals  amount  of 
insurance  carried  was  equal  to  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  value  at  risk. 
The  compacts  at  Atlanta,  Augusta,  Savannah,  and  Birmingham,  had  ' 
been  continued  with  very  little  complaint.  During  the.  year  seventy- 
seven  towns  rating  had  been  revised,  sixty  towns  newly  rated  and  326 
special  hazards  of  different  kinds  revised  and  re-rated.  The  total 
receipts  of  the  association  for  the  year  were  $40,012,  disbursements, 
$23,840. 

The  first  business  of  the  second  day's  proceedings  was  the  pre- 
sentation of  the  report  of  the  committee  of  fifteen,  to  which  was 
referred  the  recommendations  in  the  president's  address.  The  com- 
mittee made  the  following  recommendations: 

1.  That  the  be«l8  rate  on  electric  li^ht  etatione  or  power  honees  shall  he  in  flrst- 
claM  citiefl  1  per  cent.«  and  that  a  Bpeclu  committee  be  appointed  to  prepare  a  schedule 
for  thifl  class  of  risks,  the  same  to  become  binding  when  approved  by  the  executiye  com- 
mittee. The  Insis  of  second  and  third-class  towns  to  remain  as  now.  The  standard  to 
provide  for  one  dynamo  only,  and  the  schedule  to  charge  for  additional  dvnamos. 

2.  That  the  executive  committee  be  instructed  to  revise  the  rates  strictly  in  accord- 
ance with  the  tariff  in  second,  third,  and  fourth-class  towns  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and 

Sromnlgate  same  to  members,  making  such  improvements  in  the  sdiedules  of  these 
)wns  ror  rating  as  mav  be  deemed  by  them  to  be  proper. 

8.  That  the  executive  committee  be  authorized  to  employ  additional  special  aoents 
to  carry  out  recommendations  for  a  revision  of  the  rates  in  the  cities  and  towns  of  the 
association. 

4.  That  the  committee  to  be  appointed  to  revise  the  standard  for  rating  electric 
light  and  power  stations  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  revising  the  conditions  of  approved 
electric  light  installations  in  buildings  other  tlian  dwelling-houses;  that  the  conditions 
of  an  approved  installation  be  that  the  wires  be  laid  in  conduits,  which  are  non-con- 
dncting  and  non-burnable,  and  a  small  charge  be  made  when  the  wires  are  not  laid  in 
sach  conduits. 

5.  That  the  execative  committee  be  requested  to  issue  a  special  circular  to  com- 
panies and  agents,  calling  attention  to  the  evus  that  result  from  reducing  rates  until  the 
redaction  has  been  approved  and  promulgated,  when  the  excess  premiums  collected 
may  be  returned  from  tne  dates  on  which  the  rate  was  reduced  as  above. 

6.  That  the  practice  of  excepted  cities  be  abolished,  and  the  rates  in  all  such  places 
be  revised  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  association,  under  the  direction  of  the 
execative  committee,  at  as  early  a  date  as  possible,  and  that  all  fomler  actions  of  the 
association  inconsistent  herewith  be  and  the  same  are  hereby  repealed. 

7.  That  the  present  compact  system  where  existing  be  abolished  and  a  stamp  clerk 
appointed,  in  the  discretion  of  the  executive  committee,  to  verify  all  rates  and  tariff 
reqairements  and  stamp  dally  reports  before  being  mailed  to  companies. 

8.  That  the  constitution  of  this  association  be  amended  as  follows:  No  member 
of  this  association  shall  remain  in  an  agency  with  any  company  which  pays  the  local 
agent  exceeding  15  per  cent  commission,  directly  or  indirectlv,  and  that  each  member 
shall  require  of  its  agents  their  signatures  to  a  pledge  that  they  will  not  represent  any 
company  compensating  them  in  any  manner  in  excess  of  the  rule  of  the  association 
regarding  commissions.    This  amendment  to  take  effect  May  1, 1808. 

9.  That  the  president  be  requested  to  appoint  suitable  committees  to  confer  with 
companies  not  members  of  this  association,  with  a  view  of  securing  them  as  full  mem- 
l>cr8. 

10.  That  it  be  a  rule  of  tliis  association  that  its  members  shall  not  allow  agents 
any  portion  of  taxes  or  licenses  levied  on  agents  personally  for  the  privilege  of  con- 
dactmg  the  insurance  business,  and  the  execative  committee  is  directed  to  promulgate 
this  role  of  the  association.  This  rule  does  not  relate  to  taxes  or  licenses  leviea  on 
companies. 

11.  That  the  iron  safe  clause  shall  be  inserted  in  all  policies  covering  stoclLS  of 
merchandise  at  points  where  the  three-fourths  value  clause  is  to  be  used. 

12.  That  the  application  of  companies  doing  business  in  Louisiana  and  New 
Orleans  for  admission  of  the  state  of  Louisiana  into  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  associa- 
tion be  granted.  That  said  admission  be  in  accordance  with  the  present  rules  of  the 
itoath  Astern  Tariff  association. 

18.  Tliat  no  change  be  made  in  the  rules  reqairing  extra  charge  for  use  of  gasoline 
stoves. 

14.  That  the  executive  committee  be  requested  to  enforce  the  rule  of  permitting  oil 
mills  to  cease  operating  in  accordance  with  tJie  former  action  of  the  association.  j 


408  South  Eabtkbit  Tabiff  AiasoczATiov. 

16.  That  the  practice  of  wiittng  tny  cltM  of  basinets  for  any  broker  or  eoUdtor 
or  other  person,  and  paying  therefor  in  any  manner  whatever  exceeding  15  per  cent. 
oommLHion,  1b  a  violation  or  the  role  of  this  association. 

16.  That  the  executive  committee  be  authorised  to  co-operate  with  the  chief  of  the 
Atlanta  fire  department  with  a  -view  of  continuing  the  present  system  of  Inspection  of 


buildings  and  enlarging  same,  so  as  to  get  the  best  possible  results  for  oar  companies, 
and  if  necessary  to  engage  the  services  of  a  special  inspector,  who  sliall  be  under  the 
charge  of  this  association  and  the  direction  of  the  chief,  the  salary  not  to  exceed  ^00 
per  month. 

17.  Suolvsd^  That  whenever  the  Soath  Eastern  Tariff  assodation  meets  fsitber 
north  than  Atlanta,  tlie  date  for  meeting  shall  not  be  prior  to  the  90th  day  of  the  month 
of  May. 

All  of  these  recommendations  were  adopted  by  the  association 
without  objection,  except  the  eighth,  calling  for  the  reduction  of 
agents'  commissions  to  not  more  than  fifteen  percent.,  and  the  twelfth, 
admitting  Louisiana  to  the  association.  After  discussion,  bowever, 
both  were  adopted.  Some  of  the  Louisiana  delegates  opposed  the  ex- 
tension of  the  fifteen  per  cent,  conunission  rule  to  that  state,  which 
was  made  a  part  of  the  conditions  of  its  admission. 

On  a  vote  of  a  large  majority  of  the  companies  doing  business  in 
Virginia  in  favor  of  applying  to  the  association  for  the  admissioD  of 
that  state,  Yirgtaia  was  received  in  membership. 

Mr.  Wensley  of  the  Norwich  Union  offered  a  resolution,  which 
after  a  long  debate  and  several  amendments,  was  adopted  finally 
in  this  shape: 

Besolved,  That  throughout  the  territory  of  this  association  the  commission  or  com- 
pensation allowed  by  companies,  general  or  local  agents,  to  solicitors,  or  to  agents,  on 
exchange  business,  be  limited  to  not  exceeding  10  per  cent ;  and  no  commiasioa  exceed- 
ing 10  per  cent,  shall  be  paid  on  risks  rdnsurmg  non-assocUtioo  companies. 

Mr.  John  H.  Stoddart,  Jr.,  offered  the  following,  which  was  re- 
ceived with  applause: 

Retolved^  That  no  company,  a  member  of  this  association,  shall  hereafter  write  a 
risk  situated  in  the  territory  of  this  association  and  within  the  iurisdiction  of  one  of  it£ 
agents  unless  the  policy  be  written  through  the  said  asent,  or  his  written  aasent  be  ob- 
t^ned  to  the  writing  of  the  risk  elsewhere,  and  in  all  cases  the  full  tariff  rate  ehall 
be  maintained. 

Mr.  ClarlL  of  the  Phcenix  of  London  opposed  the  resolution,  de- 
claring that  his  company  would  not  be  bound  by  it.  After  consider- 
able cfiscussion,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Stockdell,  action  upon  it  was 
indefinitelv  postponed. 

The  following  resolution  reported  by  the  committee  of  fifteen  was 
adopted  without  opposition. 

Resolved^  That  as  our  tariff  is  based  upon  an  Insurance  as  to  values  of  eevcnty-fiv» 
per  cent.,  therefore  an  extira  charge  of  twenty-flve  cents  per  hundred  be  added  to  tlie  rate 
unless  the  seventy-five  per  cent  co-Insurance  clause  is  inserted  in  policies  ooverinx 
mercantile  risks,  provided  this  shall  not  apply  to  towns  coming  under  the  operation  of 
the  three-fourth  value  clause. 

On  the  third  day  of  the  session  the  committee  on  unfinislied  busi- 
ness, Mr.  Rees,  chairman,  reported  several  regulations  which  were 
adopted.    The  following  is  a  summary: 

The  transfer  of  cotton  from  one  place  to  another  under  the  same  policy  was  forbiii- 
doQ.  A  concession  was  allowed  for  composition  roofing.  The  new  executive  com- 
mittee was  directed  to  investigate  rates  made  by  Birmingham  and  Rome  boazds  ami 
correct  them  if  necessary.  An  extra  charge  of  26  cents  was  ordered  on  cotton  ware- 
houses where  there  were  no  hydnuiis  within  two  hundred  feet. 


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South  Eastbriv  Tariff  Association. 


409 


Railroad  liaks  were  defined  not  to  mean  street  railway,  dammy  or  electric  lines,  and 
these  were  ordered  to  be  speciflcally  rated,  and  companies  were  requested  to  cancel 
policies  existing  in  violation  of  the  new  mle.  Cotton  rates  at  Mobile  were  referred  to 
the  new  execntive  committee  with  the  nnderstanding  that  it  will  revise  them.  The 
secretary  was  directed  to  codify  all  mandatory  rales  of  the  association. 

The  following  officers  and  executive  committee  for  the  ensuing 
year  were  elected,  after  which  the  association  adjourned  sine  die. 

President,  Livingston  Mims;  vice-president,  John  D.  Tomig;  secretary,  Samuel  Y. 
Tapper. 

executive  Cbrnmi/^^.— Resident  Members:  B.  H.  Abrams,  Thos.  Sgleston,  A.  G. 
Mcllwaine,  Jr.,  Chaa.  C.  Flemlne,  Jno.  W.  Pearce.  Associate  Members:  Geo.  W. 
Dewey,  North  Carolina;  A.  B.  Anarews,  Georgia:  J.  H.  Norton,  Florida;  Geo.  H.  Frost, 
Lonisiana;  Hatson  Lee,  South  Carolina;  W.  L.  Reynolds,  Alabama;  H.  M.  Street, 
HIsiseBlppi;  Wm.  H.  McCarthy,  Virginia. 


The  present  officers  and  executive  committee,  elected  at  the  annual 
meeting  in  May,  1893,  are  as  follows: 

Offlcers.—  livingBUm  Mims,  president;  John  D.  Yonng,  vioe-prceident;  Samael  T. 
Tapper,  secretary. 

Executive  Cbmmi^^.— Resident  members:  E.  S.  Goay,  J.  C.  Whitner,  C.  B.  Dox, 
Lee  M.  Tncker,  D.  H.  Abrams,  Thomas  Egleston,  C.  C.  Fleming,  J.  W.  Pearce. 

Associate  members:  North  Carolina,  Q.  W.  Dewey:  Soum  Carolina,  Hatson  Lee; 
Georgia,  A.  B.  Andrews;  Alabama,  Kalford  Krcth Florida,  Crosby  Dawldns;  Missis- 
sippi, A.  C.  Lee;  LoiUsiana,  G.  H.  Frost;  Virginia,  W.  H.  McCarthy. 

New  OrUan*  Oompact  CommUUe.—  L.  M.  Finley,  C.  F.  Low,  Wm.  M.  Ralley,  J.  C. 
Whitner,  Thos.  Egleston,  J.  A.  Thomas,  Thos.  Sefton,  W.  R.  Lyman,  J.  B.  Hereford, 
Geo.  H.  Frost 

AdvUtory  Committee  for  Virginia.— L,  R,  Warren,  M.  L.  Hewes,  A.  B.  Andrews, 
G.  W.  Dewey,  N.  E.  Randolph,  J.  W.  Churchill,  J.  F.  Ewens. 

The  companies  represented  in  the  association  (May,  1898),  are  as 
follows: 


JBtna. 

American,  N.  Y. 
American,  Phila. 
Atlanta  Home. 
British  America. 
Caledonian. 
Colombian. 
Colambus,  Miss. 
Commercial  Union. 
Commercial,  Ala. 
Crescent,  N.  O. 
Delaware,  Penn. 
Factors  and  Traders,  Ala. 
Farragut,  N.  Y. 
Fire  Association,  Phila. 
Fireman^s  Fund. 
Georgia  Home. 
€k>rman-American,  N.  Y. 
Germania,  La. 
Ciirard,  Phila. 
Greenwich. 
Guardian. 
Hamburg-Bremen. 
HartforaFire. 
Uibemia,  N.  O. 
Uomc,  N.  Y. 


Home,  N.  O. 

Home  Protection,  Ala. 

Imperial. 

Ins.  Co.  North  America. 

Interstate,  N.  O. 

Lancasliire. 

Lion. 

Liv.  &  London  &  Globe. 

London  Assurance. 

London  &  Lancashire. 

Macon  Fire,  Ga. 

Manchester. 

Mechanics  &  Traders,  N.  O. 

Merchants,  N.  J. 

Merchanta.  N.  O. 

Mississippi  Home. 

Milwaukee  Mechviics. 

National,  Conn. 

New  Orleans  Ins.  Ass. 

N.  Y.  Underwriters. 

Niagara  Fire. 

North  British  &  Mercantile. 

Northern,  Eng. 

Non^'ich  Union. 

Orient. 

Palatine. 


Pennsylvania. 
Petersburg  Savings. 
Phenix,  N.  Y. 
Phoenix,  Conn. 
Phoenix,  London. 
Planters  &  Mcrciiants,  Ala. 
Portsmouth. 
Pro  V. -Washington. 

gueen,  N.  Y. 
(x^hestcr  German. 
Royal. 

Scottish  Union  A  Nat. 
Southern,  N.  O. 
Springfield  F.  &  M. 
Stonewall.  Mobile. 
Sun,  London. 
Sun  Mutual,  N.  O. 
Teutonia,  N.  O. 
Transatlantic. 
Ignited  States. 
Virginia  P.  AM. 
Virginia  State. 
Wwtchester. 
Western,  Can. 


The  following  force  operates  under  the  direction  of  the  association: 
Bpfcial  Agents.— ¥.  C.  CaUdns,  Arnold  Marburg,  Randolph  Buck. 
/electrician.— A.  M.  Schcxjn. 
Manager  qf  the  New  Orleatu  Compact.— W,  0.  Nelson. 


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410  South  Eastbrk  Tariff  AsaociATXON. 


BTAXFIMQ  OFnCV8. 


Atlanta,  Ga.,  A.  H.  Haynea. 

Augnato,  Ga..      .  J.  L.  Robertaon. 

Birminffham,  Ala.,  .       A.  P.  Bogga. 
Danvilfe,  Va.,      .  JohnD.Flcklen. 


Norfolk,  Va.,  .  .  R,  I*.  Campbell. 

Richmond,  Va.,  .  W.  A.  With«»pooiL 

Rome,Ga.,      .  .  H.  M.  Tanner. 

SaTaimah,  Ga.,  .  J.  G.  Toonge. 


Mobile,  Ala.,  J.  G.  Terry. 

LOCAL  BOARI>8. 

The  following  are  the  local  Boards  within  the  jurisdicUon  of  the 
association,  with  the  dates  of  their  organization,  and  secretaries  or 
managers  at  the  time  this  Cyclopedia  went  to  press: 

rtBQlHlA. 

Hampton,  H.  W.  Saundera,  November,  18B2. 
Lyncbbnrg,  Jno.  M.  Otoy,  April,  1898.        _^ 
Newport  News.  J.  L.  Marye,  Jr.,  October,  1802. 
Petersburg.  E.  W.  Butcher,  April,  1893, 
Roanoke,  Cbaa.  I.  Lunaford,  September,  1893. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

ABheville,  Thomaa  W.  Branch,  SeptembCT  8S,  1884. 
Charlotte,  Archie  R.  Stokea,  August,  1«6. 
Concord,  J.  W.  Burkhead.  August  21, 1884. 
Durham,  James  H.  Southgate,  Septcmbex  27, 1882. 
Elizabeth  City,  M.  B.  Culpepper,  NovemberW,  1^. 
Fayetteville,  McNeil  &  Company,  October  21, 1884. 
Goldsboro,  D.  J.  Broadhuret,  September  18, 1882. 
Greensboro,  Thos.  N.  Winslow,  October,  1882. 
Henderson,  J.  R.  Young,  October  81, 1884. 
Lexington,  L.  C.  Hanes,  September  2, 1884. 
Morganton,  John  H.  Pearson,  September  18, 1884. 
Newbeme,  Milan  Howard,  September  19, 1882. 
Oxford,  B.  S.  Royster  (manager),  Novemljer  1, 1884. 
Plymouth,  E.  R.  Latham,  November  18, 1884. 
Raleigh,  B.  G.  Cowper,  September,  1888. 
Reici(«vllle,  W.  C.  Staples,  August  28, 1884. 
Statesville,  J.  Epsy  Watts,  September  19, 1882. 
Siilisbury,  J.  Allen  Brown,  September  4, 1884, 
Tarboro,  Orren  Williams,  November  26, 1884. 
Wilmington,  Joseph  D.  Smith,  October  17, 1886. 
Winston,  E.  E.  Gray,  August  16, 1886. 
W^ashington,  November  20, 1884. 
W^arrenton,  H.  T.  Macon,  November  7, 1884. 
Wilson,  W.  E.  Warren  &  Co.,  December  2, 1884. 
Wake  Forest,  C.  F.  Reid,  October  26, 1884. 
Weldon.  P.  N.  Stalnbark. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Aiken,  Siberia  Ott,  November  10, 1884. 
Anderson,  J.  A.  Brock,  November  29, 1884. 
Abbeville,  J.  P.  C.  Du  Pre  &  So»,  April  10, 1884. 
Bamberg,  J.  W.  Barr,  November  6, 1884. 
Beaufort,  C.  S.  Johnson,  August  27, 1889. 
Bennettsville,  H.  P.  Johnson,  October  20, 1884. 
Charleston,  P.  M.  Robertson,  September,  1888. 
Columbia,  W.  C.  Swaffleld.  April  16, 1887. 
Chester,  J.  D.  Means,  October  6, 1884. 
Clinton,  December  6,  1884. 
Cheraw,  8.  H.  Reid,  October  17, 1884. 
Darlington,  F.  E.  Norment,  October  16, 1884. 
Florence,  De  Jough  &  Hanckel,  October  16, 1884.  , 
Greenyille,  E.  MTBollm,  October  9, 1882. 
Georgetown,  Geo.  R,  Congdon,  November  17, 1888. 
Greenwood,  A.  St.  Clair  Lee,  December  8, 1884. 
Laurens,  T.  H.  Nelson,  May  29, 1888. 


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South  Eabtekn  Tariff  Association.  411 

Marion,  J.  B.  White,  October  SS,  1884. 
Newberry,  8.  P.  Boozer,  October  4, 1888. 
Orangebarg,  John  A.  Hamilton,  November  1, 1884. 
Rock  Hill,  W.  J.  Roddey,  October  8, 1884. 
SiHatanboTg,  H.  8.  Ball,  November  16, 1884. 
Snmter,  A.  C.  Phelpe,  October  IS,  1884. 
Union.  E.  Nicholson,  November  13, 1884. 
WinnebonvJ.  C.  Caldwell,  October  1, 1884. 
Yorkville,  Thomas  J.  Jefferys  (manager),  October  7, 1834. 

GEORGIA* 

Americas,  W.  H.  Dudley,  September  8, 1884. 
Albany,  Samael  B.  Wight,  Aagnst  36.  1884. 
Athens,  W.  D.  Grilfeth,  March  4, 18W. 
Bnmswick,  Thos.  O'Connor,  Febraary  S,  1885. 
Colmnbas,  A.  A.  Wilcox. 
Cartersville,  I.  T.  Morris,  September  2S,  1888. 
Cuthberth,  M.  C.  Parkcrson,  Aiignst  18, 1884. 
Carrolton,  B.  B.  Broadnax,  Janoanr  SS,  1889. 
Dalton,  Lyle  &  Pniden,  December  11, 1888. 
Dawson,  J.  G.  Parks,  September  8, 1884. 
Forsyth,  W.  B.  Amos,  September  IS,  1884. 
Fort  Gaines,  8.  A.  McLendon,  Angost  29, 1884. 
Gainesville,  B.  H.  Welchel,  January  1, 188S. 
Greensboro,  W.  M.  Weaver,  Aagnst  36, 1884. 
Griffin,  R.  H.  Drake  (manager),  September  4, 1884. 
Hawkinsville,  Mrs.  E.  C.  White,  September  16, 1884. 
Harmony  Grove,  W.  A.  Qaillian,  October  18, 1889. 
Jackson,  J.  W.  Cram,  September  2, 1884. 
La  Grange,  A.  J.  Boyd,  October  20, 1882. 
Macon,  Qeorms  B.  Jewett. 
Madison,  A.  £.  Andrews,  Aagust  27, 1884. 
Marietta.  H.  G.  Coryell,  October  5, 1882. 
Monticello,  H.  C.  Hill. 
Newman,  H.  C.  Fisher,  Jnly  25, 1884. 
Qoitman,  James  M.  Toung,  July  80, 1884. 
Sparta,  S.  W.  Roberts,  November  11, 1880. 
Sandersville,  W.  G.  Furse,  December  21, 1888. 
Thomasville,  E.  M.  Mallette,  Jane  G,  1H88. 
Talbotton,  S.  W.  Smith,  August  9, 1884. 
Thomaston,  A.  J.  King,  December  22, 1888. 
Valdoeta,  R.  A.  Peeples  &  Sons,  July  29, 1884. 
Waynesboro,  W.  E.  Jones,  September  22, 1884ft 
Washington,  Boyce  FIcklen,  August  25, 1884. 
West  Point,  A.  O.  Jackson,  August  4, 1884. 
Warrenton,  Heath  Bros.,  August,  1888. 


Annlston,  R.  M.  Ingram,  October  19, 1886. 
Bessemer,  F.  B.  Dicluon,  December  21, 1887. 
Cullman,  Theo.  von  Qerichten,  March  6, 1889. 
Decatur,  L.  B.  Wvatt,  December  17, 1884. 
Demopolis,  J.  B.  Merriweather,  January  22, 1885. 
Dadeville,  Berkstresser  &  Solomon,  January  6, 1886. 
Eufaula,  E.  B.  Young  (president),  September  16, 1884. 
Florence,  M.  J.  Dillard,  December  19, 1884. 
Fort  Payne,  C.  S.  Abbott,  August  12, 1890. 
Gadsden,  R.  E.  Thomas,  May  21, 1887. 
Greensboro,  S.  W.  Chadwick,  January  16, 1885. 
Gainesville,  J.  J.  McMahon,  July  20, 1885. 
Greenville,  J.  R.  Abrams  &  Co.,  October  25, 1884. 
Hnntsville,  J.  R.  Jones. 
Jacksonville,  L.  P.  Hurttr,  March  18, 1889. 
Livingston,  Brown  Brothers,  February  13, 1889. 
Luveme,  T.  W.  Coston. 
Montgomerv.  H.  C.  Davidson,  October,  1885. 
Marion,  B.  M.  Huey,  January  15, 1885. 
Opeiika,  J.  L.  Dean,  January  1, 1886. 


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412  Spbncer,  Gsobok  W. 

Oxford,  J.  8.  Kelly  (duOnnan),  April  1,1884. 

Ozark,  J.  T.  Hays. 

Selma,  Loaia  Gcratman. 

Sheffield,  J.  R.  Coleman,  May  »,  1888. 

TuBcalooaa,  A.  P.  Hogan,  October  «1,  188B. 

Talladega,  N.  A.  Sayre,  AaguBt  81, 1888. 

Troy,  F.  M.  Pennington,  September  18, 1884. 

Tuecambia,  J.  F.  Ci(>ud,  October  1, 1687. 

Union  Springs,  George  M.  Hanson,  September  17, 1884. 

Uniontovi'n,  S.  £.  Ernst,  Janoazy  94, 1886. 

Wetumpka,  Cabot  Lull,  Febrnary  3, 1888. 

FLORIDA. 

Bartow,  Geoise  A.  K.  Stevens,  Fiebroary  19, 1885. 
Jacksonville,  Lawrence  Haynes. 
Leesburg,  J.  W.  Lees,  February  98, 1886. 
Orlando,  W.  R.  O'Neal,  February  18, 1886. 
Ocala,  Louis  Fox,  February  21, 1886. 
Pensacola,  Sterret  Tate,  September,  1886. 
Palatka,  G.  Loner  Bailey,  February  11, 1886. 
St.  Augustine,  H.  R.  Cooper. 
Sanfom,  J.  P.  Case. 
Tallahassee,  R.  A.  Shine,  November  15, 1889. 

MISBIBSIPFI. 

Brookhaven,  J.  B.  Daughtry,  October  14, 1890. 

Batesville,  November  14, 1890. 

Columbus,  John  R.  Long. 

Crystal  Springs,  Newton  Bros.,  October  0, 1890. 

Durant,  H.  F.  Lowrance. 

Jackron,  J.  R.  Ross.  November  11, 1890. 

Meridian,  B.  B.  Keeling. 

Natchez,  John  Rawle,  October  14, 1880. 

Oxford,  W.  A.  West,  November  8, 1890. 

Vicksburg,  J.  K.  Moore. 

Grenada,  McLeod  &  Snyder,  November  29, 1890. 

Hazlehurst,  A.  F.  Graves,  October  10, 1890. 

Louisiana. 

Alexandria,  J.  F.  Statham  (secretary),  April,  189S. 
Baton  Rouge,  Waldemar  Landr>'  (secretary),  April,  1892. 
Shrcveport,  H.  £.  Marburg  (secretary),  April,  1899. 

Soathem  California  Life  Underwriters  Association.    [See 

Los  Angeles.] 

Sonthern  Industrial  Life  insuraDce  company  of  New  Orleans 
was  organized  in  1892  by  Garrett  Brown  of  the  Vindieatar,  and  others, 
to  do  an  industrial  life  insurance  business.  In  its  preliminary  opera- 
tions it  has  confined  itself  to  Kew  Orleans. 

^"•Spencer,  George  W.,  insurance  manager  for  Balfour,  Guthrie  & 
Co.  of  San  Francisco,  was  born  September  17,  1848,  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  engaged  in  business  there  until,  in  1862,  he  entered  the  annj 
and  servedf  to  the  close  of  the  war  in  the  16th  Pennsylvania  cavalry. 
In  1868  he  went  to  California  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Miuh  insur- 
ance company's  agency,  where  he  remained  as  accountant  and  sped&l 


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agent  until  February,  1880.    He  then  accepted  the  position  of  mana- 
ger of  the  insurance  department  of  the  firm  of  Balfour,  Guthrie  &  Co. 

Spencer,  Walker  B.,  assistant  secretary  of  the  state  of  Louisiana, 
having  supervision  of  insurance,  was  born  at  Natchez,  Miss.,  March 
13,  1868.  He  studied  law  and  ia  now  a  member  of  the  New  Orleans 
bar.    Mr.  Spencer  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  in  1892. 

Spragne.  Joseph  Hussey,  actuary  and  deputy  commissioner  of 
the  Connecticut  state  insurance  department,  was  born  at  Greenfield, 
Mass.,  March  8,  1829.  He  was  educated  at  Williston  Seminary, 
Phillips  Academy  at  Andover,  and  Harvard  College,  and  began  ms 
business  career  as  a  journalist,  being  editor  and  publisher  from  Janu- 
ary, 1862,  of  the  Franklin  Democrat  at  Greenfield.  In  the  following 
year  he  became  secretary  of  the  Conway  Fire  insurance  company  of 
Conway,  Mass.,  and  removed  to  Boston  in  the  same  capacity  in  1854. 
In  September,  1856,  he  removed  to  Hartford  to  take  the  secretaryship 
of  the  Charter  Oak  Fire  and  Marine  and  in  1860  he  became  its  presi- 
dent and  so  remained  until  the  company  was  burned  up  in  the  Chicago 
conflagration  of  1871.  Two  vears  later  he  organized  the  Atlas  insur- 
ance company  of  Hartford  of  which  he  was  president  until  it  retired 
from  busmess  in  1881.  He  was  appointed  deputy  insurance  commis- 
sioner in  1883.  Mr.Sprague  was  for  some  years  prominently  identi-. 
fled  with  the  citv  government  of  Hartford  and  was  mayor  of  Hartford 
for  two  terms,  declining  a  renomination  for  a  third  term  made  unani- 
mously by  the  dominant  party. 

Sprinklers,  Antomatie.    [See  Automatic  Sprinklers.] 

Standard  Fire  insurance  company  of  New  York,  retired  from 
business  in  Januaiy,  1892,  its  risks  being  re-insured  by  the  Liverpool 
and  London  and  Globe  insurance  company.  The  Standard  Fire  was 
organized  March  29,  1859,  and  at  its  retirement  had  $200,000  cash  cap- 
itu.  It  did  a  limited  agency  business  outside  New  York.  W.  M. 
St.  John,  the  president,  had  been  with  the  company  since  its 
incorporation. 

Standard  Fire  Insurance  Policy.    [See  Policy,  Standard  Fire.] 

Statements,  Annnal^  Latest  Dates  for  Filing.  The  following 
table  exhibits  the  latest  dates  for  filing  annual  statements,  in  the  several 
states  and  territories,  as  reported  to  the  Cyclopedia  by  the  insurance 
department  officials  thereof: 


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414 


dTATBMSim,  Afnual,  Latbst  Datbb  for  Fildco. 


states  and  Tenitoriea. 

1^ 

Hi 

ti 

ill 

p 

hi ' 
111 ' 

III 

Alabama, 

F«»b.  10. 
Mar.  81. 
March  1. 
Mar.  10. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
V^b.l. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  S. 

Feb.  l'. 
Jan.  81. 
July  81. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 
Feb.  8. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 
Jan.  16. 
Jan.  81. 
Feb.  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Mar.  81. 
Feb.  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Feb.  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Jan.  81. 
Feb.  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Mar.  81. 
Feb.  1. 
Jan.  31. 
March  1. 
April  80. 
Feb.  28. 
Mar.  81. 
Marohl. 
Jan.  81. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 

Feb.  10. 
Mar.  81. 
March  1. 
Mar.  10. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
Feb.  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  a. 
Mayl. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. » 
July  81. 1 
April  1. 
March  1. 
Mar.  10. 
April  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Mar.  81. 
Jan.  15. 
Jan.  81. 
Feb.  10. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Mar.  81. 
Ffeb.l. 
March  1. 
Feb.l. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
AprUl. 
Miirchl. 
March  1. 

(A) 
March  1. 
Jan.  81  (J) 
Mar.  31. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 
June  80. 
Feb.  28. 
Mar.  81. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 
March  1. 

March  1. 
Mar.  81. 
March  1. 
Feb.  1. 
March  1. 

If  itrrh  1 

Feb.  10, 
Mar.  81. 

Arizona, 

Arkannain,         .....  . 

.     ..    Maichl. 

California, 

Colorado, 

Mayl. 

Fteb.  1. 

Mar.  10. 
March  1. 

Connecdcntj 

Jan.  81. 

Delaware, 

District  of  Colambla,.. 

'Feb.l. 

July  1  (&)'  MArrh  1. 

Feh.1. 
March  1. 

Florida, 

Georffia(d 

Jan.  81. 
March  2. 
Mayl. 
March  1. 

Feb.  98. 

March  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.Sim 
Mar.8L 
Feb.l(ar). 
Mar.  tt. 
March  1. 

.„%. 

March  1. 
Feb.l. 
Biarch  1. 

Jan.  81. 

Jan.  81. 

March  1. 

Idaho, 



Mayl. 

Illlnoia, 

f^b.  1. 

Indiana  (d), j 

Jan.31(«) 

Iowa, 



Jan.  81. 

Kansas. 

March  1. 

Kentncky, 

Fcb.8w 

Louisiana, 

March  1. 

Maine, .'.' 

:::::::::: 

Jan.  81. 

Maryland 

Mar.  81. 

Massachusetts,* 

Jan.  15. 

Michigan, 

Jan.  81. 

Minnesota. 

Feb.  10. 

Mississippi V.V" 

March  1. 

Missouii,.. 

Montana, 

Jan.  81. 
Mar.  81. 

Nebraska, 

Feb.l. 

Nevada,?. 

March  1. 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey, 

Feb.  1. 
March  1. 



Feb.  1. 
March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
March  1. 

New  Mexico 

(A) 
March  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 

March  1. 
Jan.  81. 
Mar.  81. 
March  1. 

New  York, 

North  Carolina,..! 

March  1. 

North  Dakota, 

April  1. 

Ohio, .7!...     ." 

Jan.  81. 

Oklahoma, 

(A) 

Oregon. 

March  1. 

Pennsylvania, 

Rhode  Island,..  . 

Jan.  81. 

South  Carolina, *.*.". 

South  Dakota, 

Mayi'ciy. 
JuiySlCO 

Mar.  81. 
March  1. 

Tennessee, 

Jan.  81. 

Jan.  81. 

Texas, 

March  1. 
June  80. 
Feb.  88. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
March  1. 
April  1. 

March  1. 

Utah,. 

Jnne .%. 

Vermont 

Ang.UCit)  Feb.  !^ 

Virginia,. 



Mar.  81. 

March  1. 

Washington, 

West  Virginia,.  ..  . 

Jan.  81. 

Wisconsin, !' 

Jan.  81. 

Wyoming, 

March  1. 

*  Commissioner  may,  on  application,  give  till  February  15. 

(a)  When  time  for  filing  is  speciallV  designated  for  this  class  of  companies.  (&) 
Home  office  statement  only,  statement  of  United  States  business  must  be  filed  the  same 
time  as  that  of  United  States  companies,  (e)  Besides  filing  an  annnal  statement  ^nith 
the  comptroller  general  March  2,  semi-annual  statements  of  condition  must  be  filed  with 
the  governor  not  later  than  March  1,  and  August  W.  Annual  statements  of  the  amount 
of  premiums  received  In  the  state  for  the  vear  ending  April  80,  must  be  filed  on  or  before 
July  1 .    (rf)  Sciui-aunual  etutements  required  from  fire  and  life  compaDies,  («)  for  sorety 


Steybns,  Hbnrt  M. 


415 


Staples,  Darid  J.,  president  of  the  Fireman's  Fund  insurance  com- 
pany of  San  Francisco,  was  born  at  Med  way,  Mass.,  May  8,  1824. 
Left  an  orphan  at  ten  years  of  age,  he  began  to  earn  his  own  living 
by  working  in  a  cotton  factory.  He  afterward  learned  the  trade  of  a 
ahoemaker,  and  subsequently  that  of  a  machinist,  at  which  he  worked 
until  the  gold  discovery  in  California  took  so  many  adventurous  young 
men  in  that  direction.  Mr.  Staples  arrived  in  California  in  1849,  over- 
land. He  was  by  turns  eneaged  in  freighting  to  the  mines,  and  a 
ranchman,  having  purchased  a  Spanish  grant  in  San  Joaquin  County, 
where  he  was  afterward  a  justice  of  the  peace.  In  1860  he  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  convention  which  nominated  Lincoln,  and  in  1862  was  made 
port  warden  of  San  Francisco.  In  1866  he  became  vice-president  and 
manager  of  the  Fireman's  Fund,  and  in  1867  its  president.  He  has 
been  vice-president  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  of  the 
Pioneers  Society,  and  has  been  president  for  many  years  of  the  Board 
of  Underwriters. 

Stalistics  of  Insarance.  See  tabular  matter  under  the  respective 
captioffB  of  Fire,  Life,  Industrial,  Plate  Glass,  etc.,  insurance.  See 
also  tables  in  Appendix. 

Steam  Boiler  Insuranee  in  1892.  The  following  is  a  statement 
of  the  steam  boiler  insurance  business  transacted  in  1892  by  the  com- 
panies named: 


Compania». 

Premionu 
Beoeived. 

ToUl 
Income. 

LoSflOB 

Paid.» 

Total 

iDisburso- 

mentB. 

Amount  at 

Risk  Dec.  81, 

1893. 

$41,947,747 

198,416,063 

1,308,800 

Fidelity  and  Ctwuiilty, 

8143,368 

7i6,aw 

saa.oaa 

Hartford  Steam  Boiler, 

Mutual  Boiler,  Boston, 

$786,070 
7,664 

106,728 
184 

$70^414 
1,996 

iy>talB, 

886,730 

793,734 

136,863 

710*410 

fiM.R71  RflO 

Sterens,  Benjamin  F.,  president  of  the  New  England  Mutual  Life 
insurance  company,  was  bom  at  Boston,  Mass,  March  6,  1824.  He 
received  a  mercantile  education  in  his  native  city,  and  afterwards 
served  a  term  in  the  United  States  Navy.  On  his  return  home  in  1847, 
he  was  offered  a  position  in  the  New  England  Mutual,  whidi  he 
accepted,  and  all  the  years  of  his  life  since  have  been  devoted  to  that 
company.  He  was  elected  vice-president  in  1864,  and  president  in 
1865. 

SteTeii&  Henry  M.)  secretary  of  the  Agricultural  insurance  com- 
pany of  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  was  bom  at  Pulaski,  Oswego  Countv, 
K.  T.,  October  25,  1826.  He  was  educated  as  a  physician  in  the  meai- 
cai  department  of  the  University  of  the  city  of  New  York,  from  which 

companies.  (/)  Fraternal  companies  have  until  April  1.  (o)  Fraternal  orders  have 
until  March  1.  (A)  No  time  for  flllnff  by  this  class  of  companies  designated  by  law.  U) 
Domestic  life  companies  have  antll  March  1,  to  file.    (J)  Foreign  fire  companies,    (c) 


Mutnal  fixe  companies  of  Vermont  have  until  Angust  14. 

•This  item  docs  not  include  expenditures  for  care  and  Inspection  of  boilers.   Those 
are  included  in  the  general  disborsements. 


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416  Stockdbll,  fl.  C. 

he  was  graduated  in  1852,  and  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  an  interior  town  in  New  York  State  the  same  year.  Some  years 
after  he  was  induced  to  connect  himself  with  the  Agricultural,  and  in 
1870  was  appointed  its  assistant  secretaiy.  He  has  l^en  yirtuallj  man- 
ager of  the  company  since  that  time.  In  April,  1882,  he  was  appointed 
secretary.  Dr.  Stevens  is  president  of  the  City  Hospital  of  Watertown. 
and  is  conspicuously  identified  with  financial,  charitable,  and  religious 
interests  in  that  city. 

St  Loals  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  at  its  annual  meeting, 
December  18,  1892,  elected  James  A.  Waterworth,  president;  L.  £. 
Snow,  vice-president;  and  J.  £.  Cowan,  treasurer. 

St.  Lonis  Fire  Underwriters'  Association.  At  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  March,  1892,  £.  Puegnet  was  re-elected  president;  Francis  D. 
Hirschberg,  vice-president;  and  C.  F.  Miller,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
These  officers,  with  Frank  C.  Case  and  John  F.  Harrison,  constitute  the 
executive  committee. 

St.  Louis  Life  Underwriters'  Association  was  organized  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  January  7,  1891,  the  original  officers  being  T.  D.  Kimball, 
president;  E.  Wilkerson,  first  vice-president;  E.  P.  Roberts,  second 
vice-president;  Henry  H.  Kohn,  secretary;  M.  W.  Leet,  treasurer. 
B^  article  II  of  the  constitution,  managers,  officers,  generid  agents,  or 
principal  representatives  of  any  regular  life  insurance  company  doing 
business  in  Missouri  may  become  members  by  a  vote  of  the  association. 
The  present  president  of  the  association  is  T.  D.  Kimball,  and  the  sec- 
retary is  T.  fi.  McDearmon. 

~"'  '  Stillman,  Benjamin  B.,  assistant  secretary  of  the  National  Fire  of 
Hartford,  was  born  at  Adams,  N.  Y.  He  attended  high  sdiool  at 
Oswego,  N.  Y.,  and  entered  an  insurance  office  in  that  city  as  a  clerk. 
In  1872  he  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Shepard  &  Stillman.  Soon 
after  he  was  appointed  special  agent  of  the  Watertown  Fire,  and  was 
retained  in  a  similar  capacity  by  the  Sun  Fire  when  that  company  re- 
insured the  Watertown.  In  1884  he  was  appointed  general  agent  of 
the  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine,  and  in  1891  accepted  the  assistant  sec- 
retaryship of  the  National.  Mr.  Stillman  was  president  of  the  New 
England  Insurance  Exchange  in  1889. 

^^^St.  John,  Howell  W.,  president  of  the  Actuarial  Society  of 
America,  and  actuary  of  the  ^tna  Life  insurance  company,  was  bom 
at  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  April,  1884.  He  was  mduated  from  Yale  Col- 
lege as  a  civil  engineer,  and  pursued  his  profession  in  the  South  and 
West  until  October,  1867,  when  he  was  appointed  actuary  of  the  ^tna 
Life.  He  is  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Actuarial  Society,  and 
was  elected  its  president  in  1898.  Mr.  St.  John  is  also  a  corresponding 
•m^^^member  of  the  French  Institute  of  Actuaries. 

stockdell,  H.  C,  general  agent  of  the  southeastern  department  of  the 
Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  was  born  forty  years  ago  in  the  Blue  Qrass  region 
of  Kentucky.  As  early  as  1869,  he  was  clerk  in  an  insurance  oflSce  at 
Lexington,  Ky.,  and  in  1875  he  occupied  a  similar  position  in  an  office 
at  Atlanta.  His  first  service  in  the  field  was  as  special  agent  of  the 
(Georgia  Home,  then,  after  similar  service  under  Captain  (&y,  he  was 


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St.  Paul  Germain  Pirb.  417 

appointed  in  1888  a  special  agent  of  the  Pheniz  of  Brooklyn,  and  when 
in  1885  that  company  established  its  southeastern  department,  Mr. 
Stockdell  was  put  in  charge  of  it. 

Stone,  W.  W.,  auditor  of  public  accounts  of  Mississippi,  having 
supervision  of  insurance,  was  born  in  Boone  County,  Mo.,  July  20, 
1840.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  Confederate  Army.  He  was  a  farmer 
in  Washington  County,  Miss.,  when  elected  auditor  in  1890. 
^"Stokes,  Henry  B.,  president  of  the  Manhattan  Life  insurance  com- 
pany since  June,  1890,  is  a  son  of  Henry  Stokes,  who  was  president  of 
the  company  from  1861  to  1886.  Mr.  Stokes  had  been  connected  with 
the  company's  clerical  department  from  his  boyhood,  and  the  five  years 
preceding  his  father's  retirement  in  1889  had  been  second  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  company,  havinj?  in  charge  its  financial  interests.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  office  until  1890,  when  he  was  elected  to  succeed  the  late 
Mr.  McLean  as  president. 

Story,  Charles  R.,  president  of  the  Home  Mutual  insurance  com- 
pany of  San  Francisco,  was  bom  at  Manchester-by-the-Sea,  Mass.,  April 
29,  1824.  His  first  vocation  was  that  of  a  druggist  at  Salem,  Mass., 
and  he  went  to  California  in  1849  and  established  a  wholesale  drug 
house  at  San  Francisco,  the  present  successors  of  which  do  the  largest 
drug  business  on  the  coast.  Mr.  Story  became  secretary  of  the  Home 
Mutual  in  1870,  and  its  president  in  1892.  He  has  occupied  a  number 
of  public  positions. 

St.  Paul  German  Accident  insurance  company  of  St.  Paul,  3Iinn. 
retired  from  busfness  in  April,  1892,  having  been  involved  in  the 
wreck  of  the  St  Paul  German  Fire  insurance  company.  Its  business 
was  re-insured  by  the  Fidelity  and  Casualty  of  New  York. 

St.  Panl  Sherman  Fire  insurance  company  of  Minnesota  failed  in 
April,  1892,  and  the  court  made  J.  F.  Franzen  assignee.  This  com- 
pany, which  had  been  a  genuine  "plunger "in  the  fire  insurance  busi- 
ness, was  incorporated  and  began  operations  in  1889.  In  the  short 
time  of  its  existence  it  re-insured  the  business  of  the  North  Pacific  of 
Tacoma,  Wash.,  Fidelity  of  Huron,  8.  Dak.,  Parkersburg  of  West 
Virginia,  Qerman- American  of  St.  Paul,  Hekia  of  Madison,  Wis., 
Equitable  of  Meridian,  Miss.,  Hekla  of  St.  Paul,  and  Peoples  of  Pitts- 
burgh, and  parts  of  the  business  of  other  companies.  Its  capital  was 
increased  from  |300,000  to  $500,000.  In  March,  J.  Quincy  Hasa,  who 
had  been  managing  the  company,  resigned,  and  A.  T.  Smith  the  eastern 
general  agent  was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  The  company  had  a  sen- 
Bational  controversy  with  the  New  York  insurance  department  in  1891. 
Superintendent  Pierce  objected  to  a  part  of  the  assets  and  revoked  the 
certificate  of  the  company  until  they  should  be  made  good.  The  com* 
pany  retorted  angrily,  and  the  Minnesota  insurance  commissioner  was 
quite  peremptorjr  and  threatened  retaliation  upon  New  York  com- 
panies doing  business  in  Minnesota  unless  the  New  York  department 
retraced  its  steps.  But  Mr.  Pierce  persisted,  and  the  company 
reluctantly  chan^d  its  assets  to  meet  the  requirements  of  New  York. 
In  February  the  Indiana  auditor  refused  it  a  license.  The  increasing 
uneasiness  of  policy-holders  induced  the  Wisconsin  commissioner  of 
insurance  to  examine  the  company  in  March,  and  he  pronounced  it  sol- 
yent.  Its  inability  to  meet  its  losses  followed  almost  immediately.  xqJp 
19  ^y  ^..^. >^L^ 


418  Sun  Insubanob  Office. 

Sabnrban  Tariff  Afwociation  of  New  York,  organized  origiDany 
to  cover  such  parts  of  Westchester,  Kings,  and  Queens  counties  as 
were  not  then  covered  by  other  rating  bodies,  has  since  had  its  juna- 
diction  extended  over  the  counties  of  Passaic,  Morris,  Warren,  Middle- 
sex, Hunterdon,  Sussex,  and  Somerset  in  northern  New  Jersey,  pre- 
viously under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Underwriters  Association  of  the 
Middle  Dep&rtment.  The  present  officers  are  Henry  £.  Bowers  of  the 
Guardian,  president,  and  George  S.  A.  Young,  secretary.  The  execu- 
tive committee  is  composed  of  J.  W.  Barley,  chairman;  George  W. 
Burchell,  J.  R.  Mulliken,  A.  M.  Burtis,  Georee  R.  Crawford,  James 
A.  Silvey,  A.  H.  Wray,  George  W.  Hoyt,  and  Mason  A.  Stone. 

Sunflower  Clob,  having  its  headquarters  at  Eanaas  City,  Mo.,  is 
an  association  of  officers,  managers,  adjusters,  and  state  and  special 
agents  of  incorporated  fire  insurance  companies  which,  prior  to  the 
passage  of  the  Kansas  anti-trust  law,  made  rates  in  that  state.  Since 
a  "  combination "  for  that  purpose  has  become  unlawful  in  Kansas, 
the  association  has  abandoued  rate  making  and  now  announces  its 
purpose  to  be  solely  to  ''promulgate  and  enforce  sound,  honorable 
principles  in  underwriting."  Recently  it  has  extended  its  jurisdiction 
to  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territories,  and  decided  to  hold  a  part  of  its 
meetings  at  Topcka.  At  the  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  club,  held 
at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  April  5,  1892,  R.  S.  O'Dell  was  elected  president 
and  John  P.  Hubbell  secretarv  and  treasurer.  The  present  officers  of 
the  club,  elected  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1893,  are:  L.  Y.  Babcock  of 
Kansas  Citv,  Mo.,  president;  Erwin  Ellis  of  Liebanon,  Mo.,  vice-presi- 
dent; A.  F.  BuUard  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
The  executive  committee  are  C.  W.  Fort  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  S.  L. 
Long  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  W.  M.  Gregory  of  Topeka,  Kan. 

Sun  Insurance  Offlee  of  London  was  established  as  the  Sun  Fire 
Office,  April  7,  1710,  in  London,  and  is  the  oldest  purely  fire  insurance 
company  in  the  world,  havine  had  an  experience  of  183  years.  In  the 
olden  time  it  kept,  like  the  other  fire  insurance  offices,  an  engine  of  the 
crude  hand  form  with  thirty  men,  called  ''water-men,"  to  take  it  to 
fires  in  property  insured  by  the  company.  The  water-men  were 
clothed  in  blue  livery,  and  were  assisted  in  the  saving  of  goods  by 
twenty  able-bodied  porters,  the  entire  force  wearing  ^ver  badges  with 
the  mark  of  the  Sun.  This  device  of  the  Sun,  wrought  in  lead,  was 
nailed  on  houses  insured  by  the  company,  and  continues  to  be  the 
trade-mark  of  the  company  to  this  day.  In  the  course  of  many  years 
the  Sun  Fire  Office  grew  to  be  a  great  and  prosperous  corporation,  but 
its  affairs  were  kept  profoundly  secret,  and  it  was  not  until  the  re- 
quirements of  its  American  connection,  impelled  the  directors  to 
publish  its  accounts. 

The  Sun  was  admitted  to  New  York  August  1,  1882,  depositing 
1700,000  with  the  insurance  department  at  Albany,  and  in  a  few 
months  it  had  spread  its  business  into  all  the  important  states  of  the 
Union.  The  arrangements  were  made  by  Mr.  F.  JB.  Relton,  the  then 
secretary  and  manager  of  the  company,  who  had  been  with  it  nearly  a 
half  centurv.  He  had  purchased  for  the  company  the  plant  and  busi- 
ness of  an  American  company,  the  Watertown  Fiie  insurance  company 
of  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  and  taken  its  manager,  Mr.  Uri  S.  Gilbert,  to  be 


Surety  or  Fidelity  iNauRxKcs.  419 

manager  of  the  United  States  branch  of  the  Sun,  with  headquarters  at 
Watertown.  A  few  years  afterwards  Mr.  J.  J.  Guile  was  sent  over 
from  the  home  office  to  assist  Mr.  Gilbert.  That  excellent  underwriter 
died  suddenly  in  1886,  and  Mr.  Guile  was  appointed  to  succeed  him. 
He  removed  the  United  States  branch  office  to  New  York.  The  first 
report  made  by  the  company  to  the  New  York  insurance  department, 
which  was  in  1883,  of  the  business  of  the  preceding  year,  showed 
United  States  assets  of  $1,095,229,  with  apremium  income  of  $390,878. 

In  1891,  by  special  act  of  parliament,  the  charter  of  the  Sun  Fire 
Office  was  amended,  so  as  to  add  to  its  privileges  the  power  to  do  all 
kinds  of  insurance,  and  the  namd  it  had  borne  for  one  hundred  and 
eighty  years  was  changed  to  the  Sun  Insurance  office. 

At  the  annual  general  meeting  of  the  company,  held  June  21,  1898, 
the  directors  made  a  report  of  the  business  of  1892.  The  report  stated 
that  the  premiums  received  were  £1,029,826,  being  an  increase  over 
those  of  the  preceding  year  of  £71,993.  The  losses  paid  and  outstand- 
ing amounted  to  £678,647.  The  net  amount  insured  was  £891,806,887, 
being  an  increase  of  £18,690,777  over  the  amount  of  the  preceding  year. 
The  invested  funds  of  the  company  were  as  follows:  capital  paid  up, 
£120,000;  general  reserve,  £1,126,000;  reserve  for  risks  not  yet  expired, 
£411,780;  dividend  reserve,  £10,000;  investment  surplus  and  sinking 
fund,  £70,500;  balance  at  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account,  after  pay- 
ment of  dividends,  £63.830;  total,  £1,801,060,  or  about  $8,760,000. 
The  chairman  of  the  Sun  is  Frederick  Henry  Norman,  and  the  board  of 
directors  is  composed  of  leading  business  men  of  London.  E.  H. 
jVIannering,  who  succeeded  Mr.  Relton,  is  secretary  and  manager. 

The  United  States  assets  of  the  Sun,  at  the  close  of  1892,  were 
$2,671,250;  unearned  premiums.  $1,633,619;  total  liabilities,  $2,008,- 
330,  The  premiums  received  in  1892  were  $2,157,562,  and  losses  paid, 
$1,376,  272.  The  United  States  trustees  are  George  C.  Magoun,  Henry 
M.  Alexander,  and  Col.  John  J.  McCook.  The  resident  manager  is 
J.  J.  Guile,  and  the  secretary,  J.  J.  Purcell. 

Superintendents  and  Commissioners  of  Insurance.  [See  In- 
surance Departments,  and  also  National  Insurance  Comnussioners 
Convention.] 

Supervision  of  Insurance,  State  and  National.  [See  National 
Insurance  Commissioners  Convention,  also  Insurance  Departments, 
also  United  States  Congress,  under  the  caption  of  Legislation  upon 
Insurance  in  1892.] 

Surety  or  Fidelity  Insurance.  This  kind  of  insurance,  the 
guaranteeing  of  the  fidelity  of  employes  of  corporations  and  public 
officials  holding  places  of  trust,  was  barely  transacted  ten  years  ago, 
but  has  had  a  rapid  growth  within  a  few  years.  Its  use  has  become 
general  throughout  the  United  States,  and  new  companies  to  do  this 
class  of  business  are  constantly  forming.  The  following  is  a  list  of 
companies  now  engaged  in  surety  insurance  in  the  United  States: 

American  Surety  Company  of  New  York. 

Fidelity  and  Canualty  Company  of  New  York. 

Fidelity  and  Depofiit  Company  of  Baltimore. 

(Jnarantee  Company  of  North  America  of  Montreal. 

Lawrers  Surety  Company  of  New  York. 
'  London  Guarantee  and  Accident  Company  of  England.  ^^  , 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


420 


Tabifp  Association  oh-  New  Yoait. 


National  Surety  Company  of  Kaiuuie  City,  Mo.,  which  re-imured,  in  1893,  the  bcsi- 
DC88  of  the  MiHttouri,  Kan«ais,  and  Texas  Trust  Company. 

Pacific  Surety  Company  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

St.  Loui*  Trust  Company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Suretyship  Company  of  America,  oivanixed  in  IflOS  under  tlie  laws  of  New  Jerwy. 

Union  Casualty  ana  Surety  Company  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  organized  in  18B3  by  fx- 
Insu ranee  Su|)erintendent  Ellerbe  of  Missouri. 

United  Slates  (Guarantee  Comi>any  of  New  York. 

The  followiDg  tabular  eUtemcnt  shows  the  surety  business  in  1892 
of  the  companies  reporting  to  the  New  York  insurance  de]>&rtmeDt: 


Companies. 

^Premiums 
Received. 

Losses  Paid. 

Amount  of 
Risks  in  force 
Dec  81, 1898. 

American  Surety, 

$195,096 
69,982 
17,667 

**i»;987 

$97.881908 

Fidelity  and  Casualty, 

86:654,589 

(^iiArnntee  Co,  of  North  Amerif^-a^T 

41,6nLflS6 

Lawyers  Surety, ,, 

4,067.01? 

I'nited  States  (tuarantee, 

i6,5;9,ed 

Total, 

$1,079,806 

$966,119 

$l96,677.n9 

T 


Tariff  Association  of  New  York  was  organized  in  the  city  of  New 
Yorlc  November  4,  1891.  [For  a  history  of  the  association  from  its  or- 
ganization and  pian  of  its  purpose,  see  the  Cyclopedia  of  Insurance  for 
1891.1  The  first  president  was  Benoni  Lockwood,  and  the  first  secre- 
tary James  A.  Silvey.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  November,  1892,  Mr, 
LoclLWood  was  elected  president,  Mr.  Silvey,  vice-president,  and  W. 
De  L.  Boughton,  secretary.  The  association,  April  21, 1892,  adopted  the 
eighty  per  cent,  co-insurance  clause  In  policies  on  all  rated  risks.  It 
promulgated  the  following  rules  : 

First.  That  on  and  after  this  date  all  rates,  whether  by  schedule  rate,  general  mini- 
mum  rate,  specific  rate,  dry  goods  district  rate,  and  class  rates  of  every  kind,  made  snd 
promulgated,  and  ail  rates  heretofore  promulgated  by  the  Tariff  AMOciation  of  Nev 
Vorlc,  in  the  entire  metropolitan  district  incluoing  the  area  of  operation,  shall  be  bssed 
upon  eighty  per  cent,  insurance  guaranteed  in  thepolicy. 

Second.  Tliat  on  all  rislcs  now  rated  by  the  Tariff  Association  of  New  York,  where 
special  provision  has  been  made  for  a  rebate  for  eighty  per  eent.  co-insurance,  the  nrt 
rate  where  such  deduction  has  l)een  made  shall  be  tasen  as  the  standard  rate  with  a 
guarantee  of  eighty  per  cent,  insurance  expressed  in  the  policy,  but  when  no  such  pro- 
vision has  been  made  there  shall  be  no  such  deduction. 

Third.  That  whenever  the  rate  committee  shall  be  satisfled  that  the  oo-lnsnTancse 
clause  will  work  a  hardship  to  the  assured  on  account  of  his  inability  to  procure  such  an 
amount  of  insurance  because  of  the  magnitude  of  the  risk,  they  are  authorized  to  pie- 
scribe  the  terms  on  which  the  co-insurance  clause  may  be  dispensed  with  or  modiflea. 

Fourth.  That  the  allowance  of  thirty-tliree  and  one-third  per  cent  from  the  rale  for 
eighty  per  cent,  co-insurance  and  automatic  sprinkler  clause  be  amended  so  that  tht 
allowance  shall  be  twenty  per  cent,  from  the  rate  for  automatic  sprinklers. 

Fifth.  That  the  allowance  of  thir^  per  cent,  for  full  co-insurance  on  the  following 
articles  shall  remain  the  same  as  at  present :  For  copper  ingote  and  sheets,  iron  in  ban 
and  pigs,  lead  in  pigs,  spelter,  block  tin,  and  crude  ruDber. 

Sixth.  That  the  New  York  standard  percentage  co-insurance  clanse  with  dghtyper 
cent,  inserted  be  employed  by  the  compuues. 

Beyenth.  That  all  rules  and  regulations  in  regard  to  co-lnsoranoe  in  oooflict  with  the 
foregoing  resolutions  are  hereby  annulled. 


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Taxatiok  of  Prbmium  Receipts. 


421 


Taxation  of  Preminm  Receipts  by  states  and  territories.  The 
following  table  has  been  prepared  from  the  statements  made  by  the 
insurance  departments  in  response  to  inquiries  for  the  Cyclopedia  of 
Insurance : 


Alabania, .... 

Arizona, 

Arkansas,.... 

California,^.. 

Colorado, 

Connecticut,* 
Delaware, .... 
Diflt.  Colombia, 

Florida,*.... 
Georgia,*.... 

Idaho. 

DlinolB,*.... 

Indiana,*. . . . 

Iowa,* 

Kaniiaa,* .... 

Kentucky,*.. 

Louiriana,... 

Maine,* 

Maryland,*. . 
Massachuaetts,*, 


1  Lees  loflses  actually 
paid  and  returned  pre- 
miums on  canceled 
policies. 

li  On  groBB  premiums. 

2#  Less  losses  and  com- 
missions. 

None,  except  reciprocal 
taxes. 

9  Less  losses  and  ex- 
penses. 

None,  except  reciprocal. 

1|  On  gross  premiums. 

1  On  eross  premiums: 
due  in  January  and 
July. 

1  Less  losses  paid. 

1  On  gross  premiums. 

None. 

Same  rate  as  on  personal 
property  by  me  corn- 


Michigan,*.. 


Minnesota,*.... 
Mississippi, . . . . 

Miseouri,* 

Montana, 


Nebraska, . 
Nevada, ... 


8  Less  losses. 

8^  On  gross  premiums. 

9  Fordgn  companies: 
other  State  reciprocal. 

2  On  gross  premiums, 
except  assessment 
which  Is  1  per  cent,  on 
gross  premiums. 

None. 

2  Less  losses. 

1 1  On  gross  premiums. 

8  On  gross  premiums  of 
companies  other  than 
life:  one-quarter  of 
one  per  cent,  on  the 
net  value  of  all  poli- 
cies held  by  Massachu- 
wjtts  policy-holders,  in 
life  companies. 

3  On  gross  premiums  of 
I      fire  companies,  2  on 

!  gross  premiums  of  all 
other  companies. 

S  On  gross  premiums. 

None. 

S  On  groHH  preiniuins. 

3  GrosH,  8uine  a»  imthoh- 
al  property  tux,  ihU- 
niatvd. 

2  Same  as  pergonal  tax, 
less  \o6!HM  and  ex- 
penses. 

None. 


N.  Hampsliire,. 
New  Jersey,*. . . 
New  Mexico,... 
New  York,*.... 


North  Carolina, 
North  Dakota,* 

Ohio  • 

Oklanoma,*. 
Oregon, 


Pennsylvania,*. 
Rhode  Island,*.! 
South  Carolina, 


South  Dakota,* 


TeuncHsee,*  . 


Texas,  . 


UlHh 

Vermont,* 
Virginia, . 


I    Wiifhington,....' 
West  Virginia,. 


,  VN'iMooiiHin,* 
,  Wyoming,  . 


1  On  gross  premiums. 
3  On  gross  premiums. 
None. 

Reciprocal  and  2  per 
cent,  on  cross  premi- 
ums received  by  non- 
state  fire  companies 
for  fire  departments. 
Foreign  fire  and  ma- 
rine companies  pay  as 
franchise  tax  a  sum 
equal  to  one-half  of 
one  per  cent,  on  gross 
premiums. 

2  On  gross  premiums. 
^  On  gross  premiums. 
2}  On  gross  premiums. 
None. 

1  Less  losses  and  ex- 
penses on  fire  and  ma- 
rine companies;  none 
on  other  companies. 

3  On  gross  premiums. 
3  On  gross  premiums. 
Same   as  nersonal  tax, 

estimated  at  i  on  groHs 
premiums. 

2^  On  gro8s  premiums 
of  fire  and  life  compa- 
nies; 2  on  gross  pre- 
miums of  asHetJsmcnt 
companies. 

2^  On  ^08S  premiums 
of  foreipicouipanii's; 
1|  on  ^ross  premiums 
of  home  cumpanies. 

^  On  gross  premiums  of 
fire  and  marine  com- 
panies; H  on  gn)KH 
premiums  of  life  and 
accident  companies. 

None. 

2  On  gross  premiums. 

1  On  gross  premiums. 

2  licss  losses. 

3  On  gross  promiunm. 
City  of  Wheeling  U 
exira  for  fire  compa- 
nies. 

3  On  gross  premiumn. 

Same  as  on  nertu)iial 
property.  k*s  ex- 
peuM's;  estimat4^  at 
about  2i  on  gross  pre- 
miums. 


*  Reciprocal  or  retaliatory  law  in  force. 


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422  Texas  Conference  op  Fire  TJndbrwritebs. 

For  other  taxes,  including  license  fees  for  companies  and  agents, 
fees  for  filing  statements  and  other  papers,  and  for  summary  of  all  legal 
requirements,  consult  "Statutory  Requirements"  published  by  the 
Inmirance  Journal,  Hartford,  Conn. 

*^  Taylor,  John  M*,  vice-president  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  in- 
surance company,  was  born  at  Cortland,  Now  York,  February  18, 1845. 
He  entered  the  sophomore  class  at  Williams  College  in  1864,  graduating 
with  the  class  of  1867.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870,  at  Pitts- 
field,  Massachusetts,  and  practiced  law  there  until  1872,  meantime  fill- 
ing the  offices  of  clerk  of  the  district  court,  town  clerk,  and  various 
other  public  positions.  In  August,  1872,  he  was  appointed  assistant 
secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual,  and  was  elected  secretary  in  1878, 
and  vice-president  in  1884.  Since  his  connection  with  the  company, 
Mr.  Taylor  has  been  a  diligent  student  of  life  insurance  law,  for  which 
study  his  previous  training  had  fitted  him.  The  company  has  felt  the 
benefit  of  this  in  the  remodeling  of  its  contracts,  and  in  other  directions. 

Tennessee  and  Alabama,  Life  Insurance  Association  of.  [See 
Life  Insurance  Association  of  Tennessee  and  Alabama.] 

Tennessee,  Supervision  of  Insurance  in,  1876-1893.  The  bureau 
of  insurance  in  Tennessee  was  created  in  1876,  the  state  treasurer,  who 
is  appointed  for  a  term  of  two  years,  being  made  insurance  commis- 
sioner ex  officio.  The  ofilcials  who  have  exercised  the  duties  of  the  office 
are: 


William  Morrow, 

1876— 18T7 

Atha  ThomaB. 

ISST-ISS 

M.  T.  Polk, 

1878-1882 

Manse  F.  Honee, 

1889-1883 

Athft  Thomas, 

188S-18B4 

Ed.  B.  Craig, 

1895- 

J.  W.  Thomae, 

1885-1886 

The  deputy  in  charge  of  the  insurance  bureau  is  W.  Ridley  Wills. 

Texas  Conference  of  Fire  Underwriters  at  Dallas,  November 
15-18,  1892,  was  due  to  a  suggestion  by  President  George  L.  Chase  of 
the  Hartford  Fire  insurance  company,  who  sent  out  a  circular  to  com- 
panies doing  business  in  the  state,  under  date  of  August  16,  1892,  set- 
ting forth  the  unsatisfactory  and  threatening  condition  of  business  in 
the  state  and  the  need  of  a  conference  of  company  officers  and  their 
general  agents  and  managers  in  Texas,  to  consider  the  situation.  A 
very  general  response  favorable  to  the  meeting  was  evoked  by  the  cir- 
cular, and  it  was  accordingly  held  at  the  place  and  time  al)ove  men- 
tioned. Nearlv  one  hundred  representatives  of  the  business  were 
present,  those  from  a  distance  being  Vice-President  Silveyof  the  Ger- 
man-American, Vice-President  Branch  of  the  Providence  Washington. 
Secretary  Royce  of  the  Hartford,  Secretary  Faymonville  of  the  Fire- 
man's Fund,  and  Manager  Morris  of  tlie  Queen,  Gay  of  the  Insurance 
Company  of  North  America.  Freeman  of  the  Delaware,  Low  of  the 
Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe,  and  Addingtonof  the  Mechanics  and 
Traders. 

Judge  Yocum  of  the  New  York  Underwriters  Agency  presided  and 
M.  H.  Johnson  of  Little  Rock  was  secretary.  Secretar}'  Royce  stated 
the  purposes  of  the  meeting.  Committees  were  appointed  "on  water- 
works, electricity,  policy  forms,  cotton  compresses,  and  conference 


Texas  Life  Umdeuwriters  Association.  423 

with  the  insurance  commissioner  and  legislation.  The  latter  commit- 
tee reported  resolutions  commending  Commissioner  Hollingsworth  for 
his  admirable  report  on  fire  insurance  in  Texas,  which  **  pointed  out 
clearly,  with  rare  discernment  and  unusual  fidelity,  that  rates  are  not 
too  high  in  Texas  for  the  hazard  assumed  under  existing  conditions, 
and  that  the  only  possible  way  to  reach  lower  rates  for  the  insuring 
public  is  by  improvement  in  the  building  laws,  adequate  regulation  in 
the  introduction  and  use  of  such  special  hazards  as  electricity,  oils,  ex- 
plosives, and  other  dangerous  compounds — greater  care  on  the  part  of 
the  people,  regarding  the  fire  danger  and  all  its  besrings ;  proper 
municipal  regulations  as  to  the  inspection  of  buildings,"  and  thanking 
the  commissioner  for  it. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted : 

Resolved^  That  this  meeting  appoint  a  committee  of  seven  fire  nnderwritere  resident 
In  the  state  of  Texas,  who  shall  render  all  assistance  in  their  power  to  Commissioner 
Hollingsworth  In  the  preparation  of  laws  covering  all  phases  of  the  subject,  as  outlined 
in  the  commissioner's  report,  and  in  securing  enactment  of  same  by  the  next  legislature. 

JSttolvedy  That  Mr.  Jalonick  be  requested  to  publish,  under  the  advice  of  the  per- 
manent committee  and  mail  to  his  subscribers  only,  frequent  confidential  circulars,  giv- 
ing SQch  Information  of  general  or  particular  interest  to  said  subscribers  as  may  come  to 
his  knowledge,  and  which  information  may  be  circulated  by  him  without  conAict  with 
any  of  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Texas. 

Refolved^  That  It  Is  the  sense  of  this  meeting  that  the  practice  of  storage  or  ranging 
cotton  on  the  sidewalks  and  In  the  streets,  should  be  discouraged  in  every  possible  man- 
ner by  the  insurance  companies  interested,  and  by  their  representatives  at  Galventon. 
That  the  insurance  agents  of  Qalveston  are  nereby  requested  to  use  their  influence  with 
the  city  government  of  Galveston  to  have  ordinances  passed  which  shall  prohibit  the  use 
of  the  sidewalks  and  streets  of  the  city  for  the  storage  of  cotton. 

That  the  committee  of  general  and  special  agents  to  be  appointed  by  this  body  bo 
visit  Galveston  are  herebv  requested  to  secure,  if  possible,  the  co-operation  of  all  com- 
panies doing  business  in  Galveston,  and  of  their  representatives,  to  carry  out  the  objects 
of  these  resolutions. 

Resolutions  were  also  adopted  appointing  a  permanent  committee 
on  consultation  (composed  of  Messrs.  Hereford,  Cotton,  J.  J.  Carnes, 
Trezevant,  and  Qrove),  and  recommending  the  committee  to  consider 
the  universal  mercantile  schedule. 

Several  committees  were  granted  further  time  to  consider  the  sub- 
ject entrusted  to  their  care,  and  report  at  a  future  meeting. 

The  electrical  committee  reported  in  favor  of  the  employment  of  a 
head  inspector  to  direct  and  assist  local  inspectors  at  Dallas,  San  An- 
tonio, Houston,  Galveston,  Waco,  Fort  Worth,  and  Austin,  which 
matter  was  laid  over. 

The  meeting  was  regarded  as  very  valuable  in  its  results. 

Texas  Insurance  Club  is  an  organization  of  general  and  special 
agents  of  fire  insurance  companies  doing  business  in  Texas.  As  the 
Texas  anti-trust  law  forbids  compacts  or  boards  to  make  rates,  the 
functions  of  the  club,  other  than  those  of  a  social  nature,  are  in  sus- 
pense, but  at  the  general  meeting  of  fire  underwriters  at  Dallas  in 
November,  1892,  the  members  of  the  club  had  a  conference  and  de- 
cided to  continue  it,  without  re  organization,  for  the  present. 

Texas  Life  Underwriters  Assoelatlon  was  organized  at  Dallas, 
March  22,  1892,  with  the  following  officers  :  J.  B.  Day  of  San  Anto- 
nio, president ;  Byron  Wells  of  Dallas,  and  H.  M.  Leonard  of  Dallas, 
vice-presidents  ;  J.  N.  Dyer  of  Dallas,  secretary  ;  C.  E.  Perry  of  Dal- 
las, treasurer.    These  officers  were  reelected  at  the  annual  meeting. 


484  Texas,  Insub^cb  Supbrtision  in. 

Texas  Local  Ftre  Underwriters'  Association  was  organized  at 
Waco,  June  10, 1891,  S.  P.  Cross  of  Cameron  being  elected  president ; 
B.  F.  Weems  of  Houston,  first  vioe-president ;  C.  M.  Quinard  of  Gal- 
yeston,  second  vice-president;  W.  V.  Fort  of  Waco,  third  Yicepresident; 
and  J.  D.  Kerfoot  of  Dallas,  fourth  vice-president ;  P.  L.  Downs  of 
Temple,  secretary ;  and  J.  L.  Lee  of  Bel  ton,  treasurer.  These  offi- 
cers have  been  re-elected  annually,  except  B.  T.  Palmer  of  Lockhart 
has  replaced  Mr.  Kerfoot  as  fourth  vice-president.  A  lam  majority 
of  the  local  agents  of  Texas  belong  to  the  association.  Its  purpSSes 
are  purely  social  and  educational. 

Texas  Insurance  Beport  for  1892.  Commissioner  Boilings- 
worth's  report  bore  the  date  of  May  12,  1892.     The  following  com- 

Sanies  haa  been  admitted  to  the  state  during  the  precediug  vear : 
Brooklyn  Life,  Commercial  Fire  of  Alabama,  Delaware  of  Fliilade]- 
phia,  Guardian  of  London,  Manchester  Fire,  Mechanics  and  Traders 
of  New  Orleans,  Milwaukee  Mechanics,  New  Orleans  Insurance  Asso- 
ciation, New  York  Plate  Glass,  Northwestern  National,  American 
Employers  Liability,  Union  of  London,  and  United  Fire  of  Manchester, 
and  two  assessment  companies.  Twenty-two  companies  of  all  classes 
withdrew.  Commissioner  Hollingsworth  devoted  many  pages  of  his 
report  to  an  elaborate  statement  regarding  the  examination  of  the  New 
York  Life  insurance  company  and  his  own  connection  with  it.  He 
also  dwelt  at  some  length  on  the  subject  of  the  fire  waste  and  the  experi- 
ence of  fire  insurance  companies  in  Texas.  Quoting  the  returns  of 
business  in  Texas  in  27  years,  which  showed  a  net  loss  to  the  compa- 
nies of  $2,070,006,  he  said : 

The  flr«  companies  are  sarely  not  making  money  in  Texas  now,  with  a  Iom  ratio 
of  eigliiy  per  cent,  and  expeoees  of  86.60.  The  crv  of  exorbitant  and  onerooB  rates 
would  appear  not  to  be  well  groanded  and  oat  of  place,  llie  rates,  however,  maj  be 
too  hlgn,  but  for  that  the  companies  cannot  be  censured,  becaose  they  moat 
malce  a  rate  commensurate  with  the  risks,  for  they  cannot  live  and  do  bosinees  at  a 
loss.  There  is  one  important  element  against  wliich  insaranoe  companies  cannot  fix 
a  rate,  that  is  the  moral  hazard,  one  (which  is  deplorable  to  say)  enters  so  lacgdy  ioto 
the  flres,  and  calls  for  serious  consideration  at  the  presant  time. 

The  receipts  of  the  department  (which  includes  supervision  of 
agriculture  and  geology)  in  1891  were  $47,568,  and  the  expenditures 
$21,086. 

Texas,  Insurance  Supervision  In,  1876-1898.  The  Insurance 
department  of  Texas  was  organized  in  1876,  becoming  operative  Sep- 
tember 1  of  that  year.  The  title  of  the  official  is  commissioner  of 
agriculture,  insurance,  statistics,  and  history,  his  term  of  office  bein;; 
for  two  years.    The  commissioners  have  been  as  follows  : 


V.  O.  Kinjr, 
A.  W.  Spalght, 
H.  P.  Brewster, 
H.P.Bee,    . 
L.  L.  Foster, 


Sept.  1,  187S-Jan.  96,  1881. 
Jan.  96,  1881--Jan.  31,  1888. 
Jan.  81,  188a-Dec.  88,  1884. 
Dec.  80,  1884-Jaa.  21,  1887. 
Jan.  91,  1H87— May    5,  1891. 


After  serving  two  full  terms  and  part  of  a  third,  Mr.  Foster  re- 
signed to  accept  the  appointment  of  railroad  commissioner  of  Uie  state. 
John  E.  Hollingsworth  is  the  present  commissioner.  Phil.  T.  Allin  w 
the  chief  clerk  of  the  department. 


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Tbaderb  Inburakce  Comfant.  425 

Texas  SnrreT  and  Bating  Bureau.  Mr.  Georjge  W.  Jalonick 
established  at  Dallas,  in  1892.  a  bureaa  for  the  inspection  of  risks  and 
towns  in  Texas  and  for  furnishing  subscribers  advisory  fire  insurance 
rates  founded  on  his  judgment  as  to  the  comparative  value  of  each 
class  of  risks  and  each  individual  risk  in  each  class,  based  on  surveys 
made  by  himself  or  his  assistants.  As  under  the  Texas  anti-trust  law, 
compacts  or  boards  of  underwriters  to  fix  rates  are  forbidden,  individ- 
ual companies  doing  business  in  the  state  have  become  subscribers  to 
this  bureau.  The  courts  have  decided  that  this  may  be  done  without 
violation  of  the  law,  and  the  agents  of  companies  in  Texas  are  there- 
fore very  generally  receiving  and  acting  upon  the  Jalonick  advisory 
rates. 

Tllllnghast,  G.  E.,  i)resident  of  the  National  Association  of  Life 
Underwriters,  was  bom  in  Windham  County,  Conn.,  November  24, 
1840.  His  first  experince  in  life  insurance  was  as  an  agent  at  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  for  the  PhoBnix  Mutual  Life.  In  1876  he  went  to  Kansas 
as  manager  for  that  and  adjoining  states  for  the  New  York  Life.  Five 
years  later  he  accepted  the  position  of  manager  of  the  Equitable  Life 
for  southern  Ohio,  and  subsequently  he  became  manager  for  the  entire 
state,  except  Hamilton  County,  with  headquarters  at  Cleveland.  He 
resigned  in  1892  to  join  his  sons  as  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  western  Penn- 
sylvania managers  for  the  Manhattan  Life.  In  1892  Mr.  Tillinehast 
was  chosen  president  of  the  National  Association  of  Life  Underwnters. 

Title  Insurance.  Companies  have  been  organized  within  the  past 
eight  years  in  the  larger  cities  of  the  United  States  to  guarantee  the 
titles  of  property  to  purchasers  or  owners  thereof.  In  the  state  of 
New  York  there  are  three  of  these  companies:  the  Qerman-American 
Real  Estate  Title  Guarantee  Company  of  the  city  of  Mew  York,  cash 
capita],  $500,000 ;  Lawyers  Title  insurance  company  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  cash  capital,  $1,000,000  ;  Rochester  Title  insurance  com- 
pany of  Rochester,  cash  capital,  $150,000.  In  other  states  are  the  fol- 
lowing companies,  all  incorporated  since  1885  :  Massachusetts  Title 
insurance  company  of  Boston;  Conveyancers  Title  insurance  company 
of  Boston  ;  California  Title  insurance  and  Trust  company  of  San 
Francisco ;  Maryland  Title  insurance  and  Trust  company  of  Balti- 
more ;  Minnesota  Title  and  Trust  company  of  Minneapolis  ;  St.  Paul 
Title  insurance  and  Trust  company  of  St.  Paul,  Minnesota ;  Title 
Company  of  North  America  of  Philadelphia. 

Toledo  Life  Underwriters  Association.  At  a  meeting  of  life 
insurance  agents  held  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  Nov.  10,  1892,  it  was  decided 
to  organize  a  life  underwriters  association.  C.  Locke  Curtis  presided, 
and  President  Tillinghast  of  the  National  association  addressed  the 
meeting,  setting  forth  the  purposes  of  the  organizations  of  life  under-  ^ 
writers  so  rapidly  multiplying  throughout  the  country. 

Tornado  Insurance  Statistics.  [See  Insurance  Statistics,  Cen- 
sus Report] 

Traders  insurance  company  of  Chicago,  withdrew  from  business 
in  the  eastern  and  middle  states  in  March,  1892,  the  Providence- Wash- 
ington re-insuring  it. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


426  Tbayklbbs  Insurakck  Company. 

Transatlantic  Fire  iasurance  company  of  Hamburg,  Germany, 
was  organized  and  began  business  February  17.  1872,  the  authorized 
capital  being  (750.000.  Of  this  amount  $150,000  was  paid  up  in  cash, 
the  balance  being  in  subscriptions,  for  which  subscribers'  notes  or 
other  obligations  were  held.  The  security  of  these  notes  is  carefully 
guarded  under  the  charter,  the  list  of  subscribers  or  stockholders  being 
annually  examined  by  a  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose,  in  order 
to  ascertain  the  ability  of  each  to  meet  his  obligations  or  notes  held  by 
the  company.  It  is  required  by  the  charter  that  the  stock  of  any  share- 
holder who  may  be  found  in  adverse  circumstances  shall  be  redeemed 
at  the  market  price,  and  the  note  returned  to  such  shareholder.  Tlie 
present  puid-up  capital  is  $800,000,  and  the  stockholders'  notes  aggre- 
gate $1,200,000,  making  a  total  of  $1,500,000.  The  original  officers  of 
the  company  were  W.  Jacobsen.  managing  director.  M.  Meyersberg, 
president  of  the  board  of  directors.  The  Transatlantic  began  business 
on  the  Pacific  coast  in  1872,  being  admitted  to  California  August  2  of 
that  year.  Five  years  afterward  it  was  admitted  to  New  York.  The 
United  States  trustees  appointed  at  that  time  were  Charles  M.  Fry, 
James  Seligman.  and  Paul  Lichtenstein.  Admission  to  Pennsylvania 
was  granted  October  19, 1877,  Illinois,  November  1.  and  Massachusetts, 
November  16,  of  that  year.  The  Connecticut  field  was  entered  April 
15,  1878,  and  Wisconsin  during  the  same  year.  License  was  granted 
in  Ohio  February  18,  1879.  The  company  is  now  transacting  business 
in  all  the  principal  states.  The  gross  premiums  (home  office)  received 
during  the  first  complete  business  year  amounted  to  $208,806.  In  1879, 
there  were  $669,446,  and  the  $1,000,000  limit  was  reached  in  1882,  ten 
years  after  the  company's  organization.  In  1891,  the  total  gross  pre- 
miums amounted  to  $1,687,871.11.  The  total  dividends  since  organ- 
ization have  reached  $680,625,  being  198i  per  cent,  on  the  paid-up 
capital.  The  total  assets  of  the  United  States  branch,  December  81. 
1892,  was  $640,846.  The  total  liabilities  were  $818,279.  the  excess  of 
assets  being  $827,067.  The  total  premiums  received  in  the  United 
States  amount  to  $8,706,265 ;  total  losses  paid,  $2,284,277.  The  net 
cash  premiums  received  fn  1892  in  this  country  were  $393,807.  and  the 
net  losses  amounted  to  $181,961.  The  amount  of  insurance  in  force 
at  the  end  of  the  year  was  $43,889,545.  The  sum  total  of  assets  be- 
longing to  the  Transatlantic  in  its  home  and  foreign  fields,  December 
81,  1892,  amounted  to  $2,694,084.58,  consisting  of: 

Stockholders'  notes, $1,SOO,000.00 

Cash  capital 800,000.00 

Ro-lnsarance,  Iobb  and  other  reeerres,   .       .  a68.902JS8 

Netsorplas, a»,'Z6a.01 

Total, $a,094.084J» 

The  United  States  department  is  under  the  direction  of  Resident  Mana 
per  E.  Harbers,  54  Pine  Street,  New  York  City.  Herbert  L.  Low,  San 
Francisco,  is  the  manager  of  the  Pacific  coast  department. 

Travelers  Insurance  Company  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  was  chartered 
June  17,  1863,  with  a  capital  ef  $250,000,  part  of  which  was  in  stock- 
holders' notes.  It  was  the  pioneer  of  accident  insurance  in  the  United 
States,  for  though  a  feeble  attempt  had  been  made  a  few  years  earlier 
by  the  Providence  &  Stonington  railroad  to  sell  tickets  of  travel  insur- 


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Trayblbbs  Inbubange  Company.  427 

ance  over  its  line,  it  was  a  complete  failure,  and  the  system  of  general 
accident  insurance  was  not  even  thought  of.  The  success  of  the  Railway 
Passengers  assurance  company  in  England,  however,  caught  the  atten- 
tion of  Jtfr.  James  Q.  Batterson  of  Hartford,  through  buying  one  of 
their  tickets  while  traveling  in  England  ;  and  after  an  interview  with 
the  officers  of  that  company,  and  with  Cornelius  Walford,  F.  I.  A.  of 
London,  an  authoritv  on  insurance  matters,  who  gave  full  information 
as  to  their  plans  and  experience,  he  returned  to  Hartford,  and,  with 
several  other  gentlemen,  whom  he  associated  with  him,  secured  a 
charter  for  the  company  above  named.  Of  the  officers  and  directors 
then  appointed — viz.:  President,  James  G.  Batterson  ;  secretary,  Rod- 
ney Dennis  ;  board  of  directors,  Gustavus  F.  Davis,  James  L.  Howard, 
Marshall  Jewell,  Thomas  Belknap,  Jr.,  Cornelius  B.  Erwin,  George  S. 
Gilman,  W.  H.  D.  Callender,  George  W.  Moore,  Ebenezer  Roberts, 
Charles  White,  Hugh  Harbison,  Jonathan  B.  Bunce  —  the  president 
and  secretary  and  five  directors  still  hold  their  places,  five  are  dead, 
and  two  are  engaged  in  other  business. 

But  the  conditions  of  business  and  life  were  so  different  in  England 
and  here  that  the  experience  of  the  English  company  was  perhaps 
more  misleading  than  helpful ;  a  good  share  of  the  rates  adopted  on  its 
authority  proved  to  be  ruinously  wrong,  and  on  the  other  hand  some 
branches  they  could  not  operate  at  a  profit  have  paid  the  Travelers 
handsomely.  Furthermore,  it  was  for  a  long  time  impossible  to  make 
the  public  take  the  business  seriously,  and  it  was  indeed  a  public  butt 
and  jest.  The  projectors  impaired  somewhat  their  previous  business 
reputation  by  starting  it.  It  was  nearly  a  year  before  it  really  began 
business,  ana  the  first  premium  taken  was  one  of  two  cents,  paid  in 
joke  by  a  business  man  to  insure  himself  in  going  from  his  home  to  his 
office.  About  this  time,  however,  a  storm  of  great  railroad  calamities 
shocked  the  public  — from  October  10,  1864,  to  February  23,  1865, 
there  were  twenty-nine  fatal  ones  —  and  the  nev^  company  reaped  the 
profit  of  their  justifiable  alarm.  Within  another  year^t  had  become 
one  of  the  most  notable  and  admired  business  successes  of  the  day, 
had  spread  its  agencies  over  a  considerable  part  of  the  country,  and 
bad  its  tickets  on  several  large  railroads. 

But  this  early  success  came  near  being  its  ruin,  for  it  started  up  a 
host  of  rivals,  including  some  of  the  railroads,  which  ejected  it  and 
used  their  own  insurance  tickets  over  their  own  lines.  Five  Western 
States  in  the  winter  of  1864  chartered  nearly  a  hundred  insurance  com- 
panies, over  a  dozen  of  them  accident  companies.  In  the  spring  of 
1865  twenty-five  new  accident  companies  applied  for  charters,  and 
several  of  them  began  business  with  great  energy  and  apparently  good 
prospects.  As  early  as  the  spring  of  1865  the  confusion  resulting  irom 
so  many  companies  selling  or  trying  to  sell  accident  tickets  at  the  rail- 
road stations  had  become  very  great,  and  in  May  of  that  year  a  charter 
was  procured  for  a  corporation  called  the  Railway  Passengers  assur- 
ance company,  to  consolidate  this  part  of  the  business  of  all  the  acci- 
dent  companies  of  the  country  under  one  management.  During  the 
following  winter  the  principal  companies  sent  representatives  to  con- 
ventions which  perfected  the  scheme,  the  essence  of  which  was  that 
each  company  in  the  pool  should  be  entitled  to  at  least  one  director  on 
tbe  board ;  the  stock  was  fixed  at  $250,000,  of  which  the  Travelers  had 


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428  TaA.vxLBB0  Iksuiu^cb  Compakt. 

a  oontrolliDg  interest ;  James  O.  Batterson  was  elected  president,  and 
the  chief  office  was  in  Hartford.  The  other  accident  companies,  how- 
ever, dwindled  down  and  died.  The  Travelers  was  finally  left  as  the 
sole  survivor  of  the  combination,  and  made  a  formal  transfer  of  the 
business  to  itself,  the  ticket  department  representiog  the  old  corpora- 
tion. The  Railway  Passengers  had  paid  ten  per  cent,  dividends  for 
fifteen  years,  and  was  closed  out  with  its  stock  at  twenty -five  per  cent, 
above  par.  Lone  before  this,  also,  the  railroads  had  become  tired  of 
their  venture  ana  reinstated  the  Travelers. 

The  accident  and  the  life  insurance  business  supplement  and  require 
each  other  at  so  many  spots  that  the  Travelers  very  early  saw  the 
necessity  of  giving  its  patrons  the  choice  of  either  the  full  or  the  limited 
iDSurance  (oi  course  accident  insurance  is  simply  life  insurance  limited 
to  certain  contingencies),  and  in  1866  obtained  legislative  pemussioD  to 
issue  full  life  and  endowment  policies  under  the  same  capital  and  man- 
agement ;  and  thereupon  created  its  life  department,  which  in  its  busi- 
ness and  workings  is  a  separate  life  insurance  company— though  mana^ 
by  the  same  officers  in  the  same  buildine — and  has  attained  a  high 
rank  among  such  companies  in  the  United  States,  its  claim  paymesis 
amounting  to  over  a  fourth  of  all  those  made  by  the  company.  This 
department  of  late  has  grown  with  immense  rapidity,  writing  in  18M 
$16,925.9^9  of  new  life  insurance. 

December  31,  1865,  a  stock  dividend  was  declared  of  $100,000 ; 
previous  to  this  the  capital  had  been  increased  by  cash  payments,  and 
before  the  close  of  1867  all  the  stock  notes  had  been  paid,  and  enougli 
more  cash  stock  had  been  issued  to  make  the  full  paid  capital  $500,000. 
Januarv  1, 1876,  a  stock  dividend  was  declared  of  $100,000,  and  April 
21,  1892.  another  of  $400,000,  making  the  present  capital  $1,009,000, 
of  which  $400,000  has  been  paid  in  cash  and  $600,000  in  profits. 

The  board  of  directors  are,  James  G.  Batterson,  Jas.  L.  Howard, 
Gustavus  F.  Davis,  Ebenezer  Roberts,  Hugh  Harbison,  George  M. 
Pullman,  Caleb  M.  Hblbrook,  Nathaniel  Bhipman,  Rodney  Dennis, 
Henry  P.  Stearns,  William  B.  Clark,  Austin  C.  Dunham,  Pliny  Jewell, 
Georffe  Roberts,  Charles  C.  Beach.  James  G.  Batterson,  president ; 
G.  F.  Davis,  vice-president ;  Rodney  Dennis,  secretary ;  John  £. 
Morris,  assistant  secretary ;  George  Ellis,  actua^  ;  Edward  Y.  Pres- 
ton, superintendent  of  agencies;  J.  B.  Lewis,  K.D.,  surgeon  and  ad- 
juster; G.  P.  Davis.  MJ).,  medical  examiner;  WUliam  W.  Smith, 
and  George  E.  Tain  tor,  auditors. 

The  following  table  shows  the  progress  of  the  Travelers  for  every 
year  since  its  organization : 


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Tbayelbbs  Ihbubancb  Company. 


429 


Department. 


Assets. 


Liabilities. 


Total 
Income. 


Total 
Ezpenditnres. 


Insurance 
In  Force. 


1864 

1866 


Accident, 
Accident, 
1866  Life 

1866  Accident, 

1867  Life, 

18GT  Accident, 

1868  Ufe, 

1868  Accident, 

1869  Life,. 


Accident, 
Life, 


1869 

1870 

1910  Accident, 

1871  Life, 

1871  Accident, 

1872  Life, 

1872  Accident, 

18781  Life, 

1878  Accident, 

lKr4Ufe,.. 

1874  " 

1876 

1876 

1876 

1876 

1877 

1877 

1878 


Accident, 

Life, 

Accident, 

Life, 

Accident, 

Life, 

Accident, 
aoio  Life, 

1878  Accident, 

1879  Life, 

Accident, 
Life, 


1879 
1880 


1880 


1881 
1881 


1884 

1884 
1886 


Accident, 


Ufe, 

Accident, 

1888  Life, 

1882  Accident, 
1888  Life,. 


1883  Accident, 


Life, 

Accident, 
Life, 

1886  Accident, 

1886  Life, 

1886 

1887 

1887 

1888 

1888 

1880 


Accident, 

Life, 

Accident, 

Life, 

Accident, 
Life 

1889  Accident, 

1890  Life. 

1800;Accident, 

1891  Ufe, 

1801  Accident, 
189*Ufe, 

1892  Accident, 


$976,789 

616,870 

47,044 

726,838 

158,972 

786,858 

888,735 

821,610 

402,682 

887,778 

787,802 

880,241 

1,034,609 

867,696 

1,354,666 

877,062 

1,728,389 

940,501 

9,103,178 

1,064,877 

2^34,646 

1,148,064 

2,912,964 

1,140,563 

3,197,842 

1,109,449 

3,416,508 

1,170,168 

8,699,521 

1,248,884 

4,062,783 

1,466,411 

4,446,129 

1,668,274 

4.rr8,896 

1,888.996 

5,248,211 

2,187,992 

6,698,450 

2,128,007 

6,299,038 

8,118,006 

7,040,441 

2,071,148 

7,734,889 

1,849,360 

*»ir^81 

i.'M^.ifil 

!^.r;M.:.68 

L.^ir,ii89 

l^i.lHi.,.  i80 

lL>H:r03 

V.]fh-,r09 

I-:j;r?/i99 


$33,567 
142,949 
46,948 
891,379 
159,490 
208,797 
307,175 
261,657 
443,871 
276,467 
707,726 
919,694 
955,435 
243,337 

1,342,060 
273,892 

1,669,288 
269,320 

1,980,602 
964,540 

9,293,937 
267,917 

2,591,401 
274,989 

2,810,997 
267,016 

8,009,316 
315,326 

3,287,936 
403,445 

3,523,894 
515,863 

3,820,319 
760,606 

4,147,911 
840,561 

4,690,704 
971,659 

4,982,800 
888,064 

5,475,401 
844,694 

6,097,654 


6,759,350 

915,513 
7,468,084 

874,567 
8,872,746 

908,461 
9,161,447 

994,880 
10,130,982 
1,010,474 
11,961,146 
1,231,117 


516,628 
35,184 
896,313 
167,171 
640,667 
292,012 
684,806 
298,564 
566,822 
376,855 
569,765 
440,017 
619,666 
503,760 


693,497 

768,860 

671,683 

714,870 

707,415 

6:^,488 

704,138 

754,322 

706,782 

786,834 

662,617 

850,668 

631,746 

1,069,663 

679,211 

1,349,040 

756,466 

1,761,530 

847,456 

1,909,433 

991,651 

8,176,768 

1,072,369 

2,200,158 

1,229,762 

1J-II.748 
"^,' ■:-.-,  174 
]..■'■■: I  ",03 
^.vJri.  144 

■^v..!Mll  ' 
l.;iM,r49 

^M:^:^159 

•,.ii;,413 
2,669,866 
2,870,914 


$81,218 
^,699 

17,980 
706,053 

67,238 
616,802 
107,816 
545,922 
189,802 
568,210 
146,767 
678,638 
145,811 
607,866 
196,826 
604,192 
248,271 


8,011 

610,318 

822,661 

601,666 

888,908 

744,782 

292,738 

772,720 

339,260 

768,979 

280,342 

960,841 

368,241 

1,228,888 

354,687 

1,544,616 

408,199 

1,674,006 

466,689 

1,866,996 

592,291 

1,989,407 

593,296 

1,886,628 

671,217 

1,910,129 

726,277 

2,025,239 

846,282 

8,313,539 

918,777 

2,856,086 

1,115,616 

8,067,598 

1,862,088 

1,938,046 

1,465,665 

2,000,031 


$8,669,600 

85,897,600 

8,060,460 

182,919,000 
5,169,250 
60,256,950 
7,576,808 
62,562,165 
9,659,559 
67,024,131 
11,340,676 
78,257,064 
13,181,199 
80,734,349 
14,575,777 

100,171,215 
16,550,748 

182,716,499 
17,978,063 
06,394,300 
19,169,114 
90,736,560 
19,146,801 
96,998,800 
18,690,183 
90,941,706 
18,209,356 
94,516,601 
18,182,132 

114,411,038 
19,098,689 

138,258,483 
80,511,522 

163,188,932 
22,836,313 

173,191,141 
25,006,604 

192,923,743 
27,328,814 

196,102,661 
29,806,131 

193,384,708 
84,171,625 

206,352,110 
87,739,893 

828,409,238 
41,138,361 

241,603,668 
44,978,949 

843,746,608 
63,558,280 

244,211,069 
61,809,064 

239,049,038 
73,804,ia3 

260,691,112 


Digitized  by 


Google 


480  TuPFBB,  Samuel  Y. 

Trimble,  Matthew,  assesaor  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  w  the 
official  to  whom  ineurance  companies  doing  business  in  the  district 
report.  Mr.  Trimble  is  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He  was  bora  at 
Qambler,  Ohio,  March  16, 1841,  and  was  graduated  at  Eenyon  College, 
Ohio,  in  1860.  He  is  not  only  assessor  but  also  president  of  the  eourt 
of  appeals  on  tax  assessments. 

Trolley  Electric  Street  Rail  wajrg.  TheNew  York  Board  of  Fire 
Underwriters,  in  October,  1892,  officially  protested  against  the  intro- 
duction of  the  trolley  system  on  Manhattan  inland,  and  asked  a  hear- 
ing from  Mayor  Grant  of  Kew  York  on  the  subject.  President  Kennedy 
said,  on  behalf  of  the  New  York  board: 


W9  are  not  willing  to  seem  to  oppoBe  economical  and  convenient  metliodB  of 
„eet  car  propulsion,  bat  the  proposed  change  of  motive  power  has  evidently  a  pmnt 
of  view  pecDiiar  to  our  business.    The  matter  seems  to  os  of  extreme  importance, 


and  we  flael  that,  to  some  extent,  we  represent  the  interest  of  the  entire  commnnity; 
for  it  is  the  Judgment  of  the  great  majority  of  oar  members  that  the  ose  of  the  over- 
head trolley  will  compel  the  Are  insurance  companies  to  vexy  materially  advance  their 


rates. 

Apprehension  on  the  part  of  the  board  was  set  at  rest  almost  imme- 
diately, however,  by  the  action  of  the  Metropolitan  Traction  Company, 
which  was  suspected  of  an  intention  of  introducing  the  trolley  system 
in  filing  with  the  mayor  an  agreement  that  the  cable  system  ^ould  be 
the  only  one  used  by  it  for  street  railway  propulsion. 

The  agitation  of  this  subject  drew  out  from  the  press  in  many 
cities  adverse  comment  on  the  course  of  the  New  York  board,  it  being 
asserted  that  its  fears  about  the  trolley  were  exaggerated,  and  that  the 
system  had  not  proved  dangerous  in  practice  in  those  cities. 

Trusts,  Laws  against.   [See  Anti-Compact  Laws.] 

Tack,  Henry,  vice-president  of  the  New  York  Life  insurance  com- 
pany, is  a  native  of  Barnstable,  Mass.,  where  he  was  bom  May  9, 1842. 
He  received  his  preparatory  education  at  the  Boston  Public  Latin 
School,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1863.  He  at  once  took 
up  the  study  of  medicine,  and  received  his  degree  at  the  Harvard  Med- 
ical School  m  1867.  In  1865  he  served  in  the  army  as  assistant  surgeon, 
taking  part  in  the  last  campaigp  and  beinz  present  at  Lee's  surrender 
at  Appomattox.  After  graduating  in  medicine,  he  passed  some  time 
abroad  in  the  study  of  his  profession,  principally  at  Vienna.  From 
September,  1868,  until  1877,  he  practiced  in  Boston,  at  the  same  time 
serving  as  medical  examiner  for  the  Mutual  Life  and  other  insurance 
companies.  In  November,  1877,  Dr.  Tuck  was  elected  one  of  the 
medical  directors  of  the  New  York  Life,  necessitating  his  removal  to 
New  York  city.  He  was  elected  second  vice-president  in  1888,  and 
vice-president  in  1885. 

Tapper,  Samuel  ¥.,  secretary  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Aasocia- 
tion,  was  born  at  Charleston,  8.  C,  May  18,  1856,  and  is  the  son  of 
the  late  Samuel  Y.  Tupper,  an  eminent  citizen  and  for  more  than  a 
quarter  century  a  prominent  underwriter  of  Charleston.  The  younger 
Tupper  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Nashville  in  1875,  and 
immediately  began  the  study  of  fire  underwriting  in  his  father's  oflice, 
where  the  advantages  for  a  sound  and  extended  education  were  unusual 


ioogle 


Ukdbbwbitebs'  Abociation  of  thb  Middle  Dbpabtmsnt.  431 
« 
Id  1877  be  was  admitted  to  a  partnership  in  tlie  business.  In  1884 
Mr.  Tupper  became  special  agent  in  the  southeastern  department  for 
the  Phenix  of  Brooklyn,  of  which  his  father  had  long  been  agent  and 
a  director.  The  reputation  gained  in  this  service  led  to  his  election  as 
secretary  of  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association  in  1891. 

Tamer,  Henry  B.^  general  agent  of  the  Niagara  Fire  and  Caledo- 
nian for  New  England,  is  a  native  of  Norwich,  Conn.  His  early 
insurance  experience  was  with  the  Thames  of  Norwich,  afterwards  in 
New  York  with  the  Yonkers,  and  New  York  Fire,  and  later  with  the 
Fairfield  Fire  of  Connecticut,  first  as  general  agent  and  afterward  its 
secretary.  He  entered  the  service  of  the  Niagara  in  1880,  and  for  the 
past  thirteen  years  has  been  its  general  agent  for  New  England  except- 
ing Connecticut.  Mr.  Turner  was  president  of  the  New  England 
Insurance  Exchange  in  1888. 

U 

^^  Underbill,  Jol|u  Quincy,  secretary  of  the  Westchester  Fire  insur- 
ance company  of  New  York,  was  born  at  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1848.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he  obtained  a  position 
as  bookkeeper  in  the  office  of  the  Westchester,  and  in  1876  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  agents.  He  was  elected  secretary  three 
years  afterwards.  Mr.  Underbill  has  twice  served  as  president  of  his 
native  village,  and  is  active  in  the  public  affairs  of  New  Rochelle. 

Underwriters'  Association  of  the  Middle  Department :  Jan- 
uary 28, 1881.  a  few  supervising  and  adjusting  agents  naving  charge  of 
the  states  of  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  and  Maryland, 
held  a  meeting,  and  believing  "that  a  thorough  concert  of  action  "  and 
acquaintance  with  the  views  of  the  agents  relative  to  the  best  interests 
of  underwriting  were  necessary,  agreed  to  form  a  permanent  organ- 
ization, which  was  effected  on  July  19,  1881.  The  officers  elected 
were:  president,  A.  J.  Foster;  vice-president,  J.  B.  Kelsey;  secretarv 
and  treasurer,  W.  C.  Goodrich.  Quarterly  meetings  only  were  held, 
and  these  were  more  for  the  interchange  of  opinions  than  for  making 
rates. 

On  May  9,  1888,  it  was  resolved  to  re-organize  on  a  different  basis, 
and  an  association  was  formed,  to  be  known  as  the  ''Underwriters' 
Association  of  the  Middle  Department,"  embracing  the  states  of  Penn- 
sylvania, New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  District  of  Columbia. 
A  new  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  and  the  officers  elected 
were:  president,  E.  C.  Irvm;  vice-presidents,  J.  H.  Mitchell  and  B.  H. 
Wood;  secretary  and  treasurer,  W.  C.  Goodrich. 

At  a  meeting  held  June  2,  1883,  special  committees  were  appointed 
to  rate  the  following  classes  of  special  hazards:  sawmills,  hub  and 
spoke  works,  planing  mills,  furniture  factories,  car  works,  agricultural 
implement  factories,  and  rubber  works,  and  also  to  rate  the  New  Jersey 
coast.  These  ratings  were  so  well  received  bv  the  companies,  that  at 
the  next  meeting,  July  7,  other  specials  were  taken  in  charge,  including 


Ukdebwritbbs'  Absociation  of  thb  Stats  op  New  Yobk. 


potteries,  glass  works,  canning  houses,  and  fertilizing  works.    Meetings 
were  held  monthly  and  comimttoes  were  appointed  to  rate  all  cluaea 
of  specials,  local  boards  were  organized,  and  a  tariff  of  rates  adopted. 
The  officers  of  the  association  since  organization  have  been : 


PreBident. 


1883 

1884 
1884 

ias5 

1886 

1887 
188><| 

1889  1 

1890  I 
1891! 
1898  1 
1893 


1 


B.  C.  Inrin, 
B.  C.  iTTin, 
J.  H.  Mitchell, 
J.  H.  MltcheU, 
Willlftm  Muir, 
WiUiam  Moir, 
William  Mair, 
Alfred  Rowell, 
J.  B.  Kremer, 
B.  O.  Weeks, 
W.  N.  Kremer, 
H.  Q.  Kline, 


FIrtt 
Yice-Preeldent 


J.  H.  Mitchell. 
J.  H.  MitcbeU, 
a  H.  Wood. 
B.  H.  Wood, 
John  Tenney, 
John  Tenney, 
Alfred  Rowell, 
J.  B.  Kremer, 
B.  O.  Weeks, 
W.  N.  Kremer. 
A.  N.  Stewart, 
R.  H.  WUson, 


Vloe-Presldent 


B.  H.  Wood, 

B.  H.  Wood, 

C.  K.  Francli, 
C.  K.  Francle, 
Alfred  Rowell, 
Alfred  Rowell, 
J.  B.  Kremer, 
B.  O.  Weeks, 
W.  N.  Kremer, 
A.  N.  Stewart, 
J.  S.  Kataoach, 
W.  C.  Goodrich, 


Secretary 
and  Treaeoier. 


W.  C.  Goodrich. 
W.  C.  Goodrich. 
W.  C.  Goodrich. 
W.  C.  Goodrich. 
W.  C.  Goodrich. 
W.  C.  Goodrich. 
W.  C.  Goodrich. 
E.  R.  ClemcDoe. 
B.  R.  Clemence. 
B.  B.  Clemence. 
B.  R.  Clemence. 
B.  R.  Clemence. 


The  present  executive  committee  is  composed  of  A.  N.  Stewart, 
chairman.  Benj.  Bevier,  W.  B,  Kellv,  J.  J.  Babcock,  B.  F.  Walker, 
F.  E.  Patterson,  and  J.  B.  Kremer.  Alfred  E.  Braddell  is  the  electrical 
inspector. 

In  1893  the  northern  counties  of  New  Jersey  were  detached  from 
the  terrritory  of  the  Middle  Department  and  added  to  that  of  the 
Suburban  Tariff  Association  [which  see]. 

Underwriters  Association  of  the  State  of  New  York.  This 
association,  which  is  a  ratine  and  supervising  body,  having  jurisdiction 
over  the  state  of  New  York  except  Long  Island  and  the  counties  of 
New  York,  Richmond,  Westchester,  Putnam,  and  Rockland,  was  or- 
ganized at  Syracuse,  September  18,  1883.  The  presidents  of  the  asso- 
ciation have  been:  J.  H.  Van  Buren,  1883-84;  A.  M.  Burtis,  1884-85; 
O.  W.  Palmer.  1885-86;  C.  W.  Du  Bois,  188^-87;  W.  A.  Holman, 
1887-88;  J.  J.  Babcock,  1888-89;  George  M.  Elwood,  1889-1890;  J.  L. 
Kendig,  1890-91;  T.  E.  Gallagher,  1891-92;  C.  L.  Hedge,  1892-98. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  companies  represented  in  the  associa- 
tion at  the  beginning  of  1898: 

Albany,  Agricaltnral,  American  Central,  American  I^lre  of  New  York,  American  of 
Boston,  American  of  Newark,  American  Fire  of  Philadelphia,  Boylston,  BriUah  Amer- 
ica, Caledonian,  Citizens  of  New  York,  Commerce,  Commercial  Union,  Concordia  Fire^ 
Counecticat  Fliie,  Continental,  Dutchess  ConnU  Mntaal,  Bqaitable  Fire  and  Marine  of 
Providence.  Fire  Association  of  Philadelpbia^reman's  Fund,  Fireman's  of  Baltimore, 
Franklin  Fire,  German- American,  Germania  Fire  of  New  York,  Glens  Falls,  Greenwich, 
Guardian  of  London,  Ilambarg  Bremen,  Hanover  Fire,  Hartford  Fire,  Home  of  New 


Hampshire  Fire,  New  York  Bowery  Fire,  Niagara  Fire,  Northern,  Norwich  union. 
Orient,  Pacific,  Pennsvlvania  Fire,  Peoples  Fire  of  Manchester,  Phenix  of  Brooklyn. 
Phoenix  of  London,  Phoenix  of  Hartford,  Providence- Washington,  Prnssian  National, 
Queen,  Bochester  German,  Royal,  Scottish  Union  and  National,  Springfield  Fire  and 
Marine,  Spring  Garden,  St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine.  Sun  of  London,  Tentonia,  Tkm- 
atlantic,  United  Firemen's,  Westchester,  Weetem  of  Toronto. 

.,y.  zed  by  Google 


Undebwbitbbs'  International  Electrical  Association.  433 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  association  held  in  June,  1892,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected:  President,  C.  L.  Hedge;  vice-president, 
J.  M.  Carothers;  treasurer.  A.  W.  Selkirk;  secretary,  W.  J.  Frederick; 
executive  committee,  C.  H.  Hibbs,  chairman,  J.  T.  Ryan,  G.  H.  Van 
Antwerp,  W.  H.  Van  Every,  A.  8.  Douglas.  The  secretary's  office  is 
No.  109  Everson  BuUding,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


LOCAL  BOARDS. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  local  boards  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  association,  arranged  by  counties: 


Alsakt.    Albany,  Cohoes,  West  Troy. 
AiXEGAKT.    CoantT  Board. 
BKoom.    Coanty  Board,  Bing;hAmton. 
Cattaraugus.    Comity  Board. 
Catvoa.    Coan^  Board,  Aabam. 
CnAUTUA<)UA.    Northern  Comity  Board, 

Southern  Comity  Board. 
CiiEXUKo.    Comity  Board. 
CuKKAKeo.    Conn^  Board. 
Ci^rNTON.    Comity  Board. 
Columbia.    County  Board,  Hudson. 
CoBTLAND.    County  Board. 
Dblawabs.    County  Board. 
D  UTCHS88.    Comity  Board,  Pougbkeepsie. 
Erie.    Comity  Board. 
Ei(0EX.    County  Board. 
Pramklik.    County  Board. 
Fulton.    County  Board. 
Gknesvs.    County  Board. 
Greene.    County  Board. 
Herkikkr.    County  Board. 
JsrFERsoN.    County  Board. 
Levis.    County  Board. 
Madison.    County  Board. 
Monroe.    Comity  Board,  Rochester. 
Montgoxert.  Coun^  Board,  Amsterdam. 
Niagara.    Niagara  Falls,  Lockport. 
Oneida.    County  Board,  Utica,  Borne. 


Onondaga.    County  Board,  Syracuse. 

Ontario.    County  Board. 

Orange.    County  Board.  Newhurgh. 

Orleans.    County  Board. 

Oswego.    County  Board,  Oswego. 

Otsego.    County  Board. 

Rensselaer.  Coanty  Board,  Lansing- 
burgh,  Troy. 

Saratoga.  Coun^  Board,  Saratoga 
Springs,  Waterford. 

ScuBNECTADT.    Couuty  Board. 

Schoharie.    County  Board. 

Schuyler.    Coun^  Board. 

Seneca.    Count/  Board. 

Steuben.  Addison  and  vicinity,  Bath  and 
viciiii^.  Coming  and  vicinity,  Homells- 
ville  and  vicinity. 

St.  Lawrence.    County  Board. 

Sullivan.    County  Board. 

Tioga.    County  Board. 

Tompkins.    County  Board. 

Ulster.    County  Board. 

Warren.    County  Board. 

Washington.    County  Board. 

Wayne.  Eastern  County  Board,  Wcsteni 
County  Board. 

Wyoming.    County  Bofird. 

Yates.    County  Board. 


Underwriters  Exchange  of  Tirginia,  which  was  a  rating  and 
supervising  body  over  the  fire  insurance  business  of  Virginia,  disbanded 
on  the  admission  of  Virginia  to  the  South  Eastern  TariH  Associution, 
in  March,  1893.  W.  A.  Witherspoon,  the  secretary,  was  appointed 
stamp  clerk  for  the  association  at  Kichmond. 

Underwriters  International  Electrical  Association.     At  a 

meeting  of  twenty-one  electrical  inspectors  of  fire  iosuraoee  companies, 
held  at  the  New  York  Board  rooms,  December  7, 1892,  this  association 
was  organized  with  officers  as  follows:  President,  C.  E.  Bliven;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  0.  M.  Goddard.  An  electric  committee  to  pass  on 
electrical  questions  was  elected  as  follows:  F.  E.  Cabot,  William  Mc- 
Devitt,  E.  A.  Fitzgerald,  George  P.  Low,  A.  E.  Van  Giesen,  and  Mr. 
Leloup.  Rules  for  the  proper  use  of  electrical  appliances  were  adopted 
and  also  the  following  resolution: 

In  view  of  tbe  rapid  increase  of  flres  daring  the  last  five  yearn,  tliis  nwH-tiuR  bcl loves 
that  there  is  direct  connection  between  this  and  the  Increiibe  in  electric  light  and  power 
plants,  especially  where  electrical  equipments  have  not  been  under  the  supervision  of 
the  ftre  nnderwrlterB*  asfiodations.  ^ 


434  Union  Mutual  Li  pis  Insubancb  Cohpant. 

Union  Casnaltj  and  Surety  Company  of  St.  Louis  was  organ- 
ized early  in  1898  by  ex-Superinteodent  of  Insurance  Ellerbe  and 
associates,  witli  a  casli  capital  of  $250,000  and  surplus  of  $100,000.  C. 
P.  Ellerbe  is  president  and  Andrew  Van  Wormer,  ex-deputj^  insurance 
superintendent  of  Missouri,  is  secretary.  The  company  will,  at  first, 
confine  its  business  to  accident  insurance,  including  employer's  liability 
insurance. 

Union  insurance  company  of  San  Francisco,  was  purchased  by  the 
Alliance  of  London,  in  January,  1893.  Its  risks  were  reinsured  by  the 
Alliance,  which  then  began  business  on  the  Pacific  coast,  Mr.  N.  T. 
James,  late  president  of  the  Union,  being  made  United  States  manager. 

Union  Mntnal  Life  insurance  company  of  Portland.  Maine,  was 
incorporated  under  act  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  approved  July 
'  17.  1848,  the  original  incorporators  haTinff  been  Joseph  H.  Williams, 
£.  Brown  Pratt,  and  J.  Walker  Judd.  The  organization  was  com- 
pleted September  5.  1849,  Charles  Jones,  John  D.  Lang,  Ezra  White. 
George  C.  Collins.  George  Dudley.  Abbott  Lawrence.  Walter  Hastings. 
Henry  Crocker,  Daniel  Sharp.  Jr.,  and  Horatio  Harris,  being  made 
associate  incorporators.  The  directors  elected  were  Abbott  Lawrence. 
Walter  Hastings,  Henry  Crocker,  Daniel  Sharp.  Jr.,  Horatio  Harris. 
Elisha  B.  Pratt,  John  D.  Lang,  Charles  Jones.  Joseph  H.  Williams. 
Ezra  White,  George  C.  Collins,  and  George  Dudley.  The  original 
officers  of  the  company  were  Elisha  B.  Pratt,  President,  Daniel  Sbsrp, 
Jr.,  vicepresfdent,  and  Henry  Crocker,  secretary. 

The  Union  Mutual  began  business  October  1,  1849,  headquartere 
being  nominally  located  in  Augusta,  Maine.    In  e£fect  the  principal 
office  was  in  Boston,  and  remained  in  that  city  until  1881.     A  guar- 
antee capital  of  $100,000  was  authorized  by  the  charter,  the  amount 
to  be  in  approved  securities.    By  amendments  approved  June  27, 1849, 
and  February  19,  1864,  half  of  the  securities  composing  the  guarantee 
capital  could  be  converted  into  cash.    At  a  special  meeting  of  the 
directors  February  25th  of  the  latter  year,  it  was  voted  to  make  tbe 
exchange  authorized.    The  stock  notes  composing  the  guarantee  cap- 
ital amounted  December  31,  1863,  to  $100,000,  as  shown  by  the  official 
statement  of  the  Maine  authorities.    Control  of  the  company's  affairs 
was  vested  in  the  hands  of  the  pelicv-holders,  who  held  a  life  interest, 
the  management  being  purely  mutual.    From  1849  until  1861  the  official 
roster  remained  without  change.    In  1861  President  Pratt  died,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Henry  Crocker.    The  latter  retained  the  presidency 
until  1875.  when  Henry  S.  Washburn  was  elected.    Presioent  Wash- 
burn resigned  July  28,  1876,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  £.  DeWitt. 
who  has  since  remained  at  the  head  of  the  company.    Henry  Crocker 
was  the  first  secretary,  but  resigned  within  two  years,  having  received 
an  important  political  appointment  in  the  state,    He  remained,  how- 
ever, in  the  board  of  directors.    W.  H.  HolHster  was  elected  Mr. 
Crocker's  successor,  and  continued  in  the  position  until  1876,  D.  L 
Gallup  then  becoming  secretary .     In  1877  James  P.  Carpenter  suc- 
ceeded to  the  place:  Henry  D.  Smith  was  chosen  secretary  in  1881, 
succeeding  Mr.  Carpenter,  who  resigned  in  September  of  that  year. 
The  present  incumbent  of  the  office,  Mr.  Arthur  L.  Bates,  was  elected 


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Union  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company.  435 

secretary  November  1,  1887,  being  the  successor  of  Secretary  Smith. 
Mr.  Bates  having  filled  the  position  of  assistant  secretary  from  July  1, 
1885.  J.  Frank.  Lan^  was  appointed  assistant  secretary  at  the  time 
of  Mr.  Bates's  promotion. 

Mr.  DeWitt  was  at  the  head  of  the  United  States  Life  insurance 
company  of  New  York,  when  he  was  selected  to  assume  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Union  Mutual.  At  the  time  in  question  the  company  was 
transacting  business  in  most  of  the  states  in  the  Union.  In  1868  it  was 
admitted  to  New  York  State,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  Illinois. 
Michigan  admitted  the  company  July  13,  1859,  Connecticut  in  1870, 
and  Wisconsin  and  Rhode  Island  in  1871 .  At  the  close  of  1876  the 
>  company  had  paid  $4,667,894  on  account  of  death  claims,  endowments, 
and  annuities.  The  dividends  to  policy-holders  amounted  to  $3,648,371. 
The  sum  which  had  been  paid  for  surrendered  policies  and  lapsed 
notes  canceled  amounted  to  $2,972,372,  making  a  total  of  $11,288,684 
in  payments  to  policy-holders  from  the  organization  of  the  company, 
a  period  of  twenty-seven  years.  Immediately  after  assuming  the  man- 
agement of  the  Union  Mutual,  President  DeWitt  instituted  a  number  of 
needed  reforms,  preparing  the  way  for  that  success  and  stability  of 
affairs  that  have  signalized  the  company's  course  for  years  past. 
These  reforms  included  the  elimination  of  *'all  note  premiums,"  the 
re-valuation  of  real  estate  securities;  changes  in  the  method  of  making 
mortgage  loans,  and  the  requirements  of  exact  returns  from  agents.  In 
1877  new  contracts  with  agents  were  instituted  and  a  new  policy,  based 
on  the  Maine  non-forfeiture  law  of  1876,  adopted,  the  statute  becoming 
operative  April  1,  1877.  In  the  new  policy  nothing  was  left  unsettled 
as  to  the  terms  upon  which  any  policy-holder  could  retire,  whether 
voluntarily  or  because  unable  to  pay  the  premiums.  The  company 
also  held  itself  ready  to  arrange  with  the  holders  of  policies  issued 
prior  to  April  1,  1877,  for  the  new  form,  giving  them,  as  well  as  the 
new  members,  the  benefit  of  the  non-forfeiture  enactment. 

The  year  1881  was  marked  by  important  events  in  the  history  of  the 
company.  An  act  was  passed  by  the  Maine  Legislature  approved 
March  12,  requiring  all  insurance  Companies  incorporated  and  organ- 
ized under  the  laws  of  that  state  to  have  their  principal  place  of  busi- 
ness in  some  city  or  town  in  Maine,  and  also  that  a  majority  of  the 
stockholders  should  be  residents  of  the  state.  New  directors  were 
elected  April  18.  1881,  the  full  board  consisting  of  Daniel  Sharp,  £.  R. 
Beccomb,  and  H.  C.  Hutchins  of  Boston,  Josiah  U.  Drummond,  John 
E.  DeWitt,  Perclval  Bonney,  Fred.  E.  Richards,  Marquis  F.  King, 
Henry  L.  Paine,  and  Thomas  A.  Foster  of  Maine.  November  21, 
1883,  the  company's  license  in  Massachusetts  was  revoked  on  account 
of  its  refusal  to  allow  an  examination  by  the  Massachusetts  department, 
during  an  examination  then  in  progress  by  the  Maine  Commissioner 
in  which  the  Massachusetts  Commissioner  declined  to  join,  after  hav- 
ing proposed  to  do  so.  An  exhaustive  examination  was  authorized, 
however,  in  accordance  with  the  Union  Mutual's  request,  beine  made 
by  the  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  New  York,  Ohio,  and  Illinois  depart- 
ments. The  examiners  were  Commissioners  Oromandel  Smith  of 
Maine,  Oliver  Pillsbury  of  New  Hampshire,  Deputy  Superintendent 
Michael  Shannon  of  New  York,  Charles  H.  Moore  of  Ohio,  and  C.  P. 
Swig«rt  of  Illinois.    The  examination  was  begun  December  10, 1888, 


436 


Unioh. 


and  finished  Febniaiy  1,  1884.  The  report  showed  a  net  surplus  of 
$884,918. 10.  The  revocation  of  license  in  Massachusetts  was  rescinded, 
the  examination  ampl^  proving  the  company's  solvency.  Dunne  the 
16  years  in  which  President  De  Witt  has  been  charged  with  the  adjnin- 
istration  of  the  Union  Mutual's  interests,  the  record  of  business  liaa 
been: 


Tear. 

ToUl 

Prciuimn 

Total 

Paid 

Total 

lucome. 

RecciptB. 

Bxpendltnrcs. 

PoUcy-holdcra.*Adin'td  Aeaete. 

1876 

$2,101,948 

$1,616,775 

$2,207,505 

$1,653,097 

$8,099,634 

1877 

1,927.288 

1,430,450 

2,282,759 

1.822.598 

7,836.890 

1878 

1,652,727 

1,805.285 

2,333,805 

2,022,934 

7.085.603 

1879 

1,866.931 

897,026 

1,525.732 

1.214,039 

6,860,983 

1880 

1,174,794 

770,469 

1.360,889 

1.067.156 

6,620,888 

1881 

1,058,618 

695.749 

1,426,671 

1,153.359 

6.247.338 

1882 

991,056 

782,340 

1,053,776 

786.555 

6.260.443 

1883 

1,012,019 

710,520 

1,076,996 

810,829 

6,229.684 

1884 

985,623 

718,179 

972,356 

668,878 

6.811.402 

1885 

1,030,655 

668,998 

1.103,888 

819,677 

6,109,619 

1886 

940,897 

676,956 

960.680 

681,666 

6,119,915 

1887 

984,875 

688,327 

1,030,985 

743,684 

6,014.523 

1888 

968,520 

711.888 

991.639 

690,152 

6,002.194 

1889 

1,001.115 

724,117 

843,262 

549,845 

6.157,343 

1890 

1,091,967 

782,364 

1.045,577 

726.600 

6.203.768 

1891 

1,118.722 

809,375 

1,039.075 

692.899 

6.297.555 

1892 

1,181,375 

894,904 

1.099,694 

696,065 

6.301.010 

The  Company's  assets  Januarj^  1.  1893,  aggregated  $6,429,927;  sur- 
plus. $331,549;  payments  to  policy-holders  since  organization  of  the 
company.  $26,433,017.  The  present  officers  are  John  £.  DeWilt, 
president;  Arthur  L.  Bates,  secretary;  J.  Frank.  Lang,  assistant  secre- 
tary; Samuel  S.  Bovdcn,  actuary;  Thomas  A.  Foster,  medical 
director,  and  Josiah  H.  Drummond,  counsel.  The  board  of  directors 
consists  of  John  E.  DeWitt  of  Portland;  Henry  0.  Hutchins  of  Boston; 
Josiah  H.  Drummond  of  Portland;  Percival  Bonney,  Marquis  F.  King. 
Thomas  A.  Foster.  Fred.  £.  Richards,  Frederick  Robie,  Edward  A 
Noyes,  Frank  E.  Allen,  Selden  Connor  of  Portland,  and  David  Q. 
Hamilton  of  Chicago,  111. 

Union,  The^  an  association  of  certain  fire  insurance  companies 
doing  business  in  the  western  and  northwestern  states,  often  called, 
for  sake  of  distinctiveness,  the  "  Western  Union,"  has  its  headquarters 
in  the  city  of  Chicago.  While  still  a  powerful  organization,  its  mem- 
bership is  smaller  than  at  the  time  of  its  origin,  made  so  by  numerous 
withdrawals.  The  Union  is  now  (August,  1898),  composea  of  the  fol- 
lowing companies,  each  member  being  officially  known  in  the  organ- 
ization by  a  number  instead  of  its  company  name  : 

London  and  Lancaahire. 

lAou.  England. 

London  Aasnraxioe  Coiporation,  England. 

Lumbermen's,  Philadelphia. 


American  Fire,  Philadelphia. 
American  Central,  St.  Louis. 
iiEtna.  Hartford. 
American  Fire,  New  York. 
Boylaton,  Boston. 


Merchaota,  Newark.  ^ 


oogle 


tJNioifr.  487 


Cidzenfl,  New  York. 

Commercial  Union,  England. 

Caledonian,  Scotland. 

Detroit  Fire  and  Marine,  Mich. 

*Fire  ABSociation,  Philadelphia. 

Rreman^fl  Fund,  California. 

Franklin  Fire,  Philadelphia. 

Girard  Fire  and  Marine,  Philadelphia. 

Granite  State,  New  Uampehire. 

Guardian,  England. 

Qennan-Amencan,  New  York. 

Glena  Falla,  New  York. 

Greenwich,  New  York. 

Uamburs-Bremen,  Germany. 

Hartf  ordf  Fire,  Connecticut. 

Hanover,  New  York. 

Home,  New  York. 

Imperial,  England. 

Insurance  Company  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Insurance  Company,  North  America. 

Lancashire.  England. 

Liverpool  A  London  &  Globe. 


Michigan  Fire  and  Marine,  Detroit. 
National  Fire,  Hartford. 
New  York  UnderwriterB  Agency. 
Niagara  Fire,  New  York, 
Norwich  Union,  England. 
Newark  Fire,  New  Jeracy. 
Northeni,  England. 
Orient,  Hartford. 
Phcnix,  Brooklyn. 
Providence- Washington,  R.  I. 
Pennsylvania  Fire,  Philadelphia. 
Phcenlx,  Hartford. 

Saeen,  New  York, 
oyal,  England. 
Rhode  Island  Underwriters. 
Scottish  Union  and  National. 
St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine.  Minnesota. 
Springfield  Fire  and  Marine. 
Sun,  England. 
Traders,  Cliicago. 
United  Firemen's,  Philadelphia. 


«One  department  of  the  fire  association  is  a  member  of  the  Union,  while  another 
is  not. 

The  Union  makes  rates  for,  and  supervises  the  business  of  its  mem- 
bers in  the  following  states  and  territories,  with  the  exceptions  noted. 
Indiana,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  North 
Dakota,  8outh  Dakota,  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Indian  Terri- 
tory, Oklahoma  Territory,  excepting  the  cities  of  Chicago,  Louisville, 
Cleveland,  St.  Louis,  and  Cincinnati  (Hamilton  county),  with  the 
suburbs  of  the  latter,  Covington  and  Newport,  Kentucky. 

The  Union  also  has  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  the  Paciflc  Insur- 
ance Union  in  Colorado,  Wyoming,  and  New  Mexico,  whicli  is  pro- 
vided for  by  a  joint  committee  of  the  two  organizations,  supervising  a 
compact  manager. 

From  its  center  at  Chicago,  the  Union  operates  through  commit- 
tees composed  of  representatives  of  its  members,  known  as  **  commis- 
sions." There  are  four  of  these  sub-organizations,  and  their  juris- 
diction is  as  follows: 

Local  Board  Commission  No.  1  has  supervision  of  Indiana,  Kentucky,  and  Tennes- 
see Cwith  advisory  relations  in  Ohio). 

Local  Board  Commission  No.  2  has  supervision  of  Ulinols. 

Local  Board  Commission  No.  8  has  snpcrWsion  of  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Iowa, 
North  Dakota,  South  Dakota. 

Local  Board  Commission  No.  4  has  supervision  of  Missouri,  Oklahoma  Territory, 
Indian  Territory,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  Wyoming,  and  New  Mexico  Territory. 

The  Union  works  almost  invariably  in  harmony  with  the  state 
associations  within  its  jurisdiction,  although  in  most  cases  those  or- 
ganizations have  members,  which  are  not  members  of  the  Union. 

The  officers  of  the  Union,  chosen  at  the  last  annual  meeting  are : 
President,  Thomas  S.  Chard,  manager  of  the  central  department  of  the 
Fireman's  Fund;  vice-president,  Dan.  C,  Osmun,  resident  western 
manager  for  the  Imperial;  secretary,  E.  A.  Simonds,  western  general 
agent  for  the  Greenwich. 

Two  meetings  of  the  Union  were  held  in  1892,  one  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  in  February,  the  other  at  Niagara  Falls  in  September,  The 
sessions  are  held  behind  closed  doors. 


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438  United  States  Mutual  Accident  AssociATtoK. 

Heccnl  wUhdrawals  from  inemberBhip  in  tbo  Uuion  are  tlioseof  Ihe 
Continental  and  the  Connecticut  Fire.  The  conference  of  fire  insur- 
auce  companies  held  at  Niagara  Falls  in  June,  189^,  to  consider  the 
situation  of  the  business,  was  called  by  Mr.  Chard,  the  president  of  the 
Union,  and  was  composed  of  both  Union  and  non  Union  companies, 
there  being  about  100  altogether.  Definite  action  was  postponed  until 
September,  but  the  creation  of  a  new  organization  composed  of  nearly 
all  the  companies  doing  business  in  the  west  and  northwest,  and  taking 
the  place  of  the  Union  was  among  the  possibilities,  when  this  volume 
went  to  press. 

United  States  Industrial  insurance  company  of  Newark,  N.  J., 
in  May,  1892,  elected  Dr.  F.  B.  Mandeville,  president. 

United  States  Matnal  Accident  Association  of  New  York 
absorbed  the  New  York  Accident  insurance  company  in  May,  1893. 
Charles  T.  Hoppe,  secretary  of  the  New  York  Accident,  was  t^en 
into  the  service  of  the  United  States  Mutual. 

The  United  States  Mutual  Accident  association  is  the  oldest  of  the 
associations  doing  an  accident  business  on  the  mutual  plan.  The 
idea  of  this  form  of  accident  insurance  originated  with  Mr.  James  R. 
Pitcher,  through  whose  efforts  the  organization  was  effected  in  1877, 
with  Mr.  Pitcher  as  secretary  and  general  manager,  which  office  he  has 
since  held.  The  association  closed  its  first  year  with  a  membership  of 
only  66,  at  the  end  of  the  second  year  there  were  684  members,  and 
2,597  at  the  end  of  the  third.  From  that  time  its  growth  has  been 
rapid,  last  year's  report  showing  59,933  members.  About  98  per  cent, 
of  the  insurance  in  force  is  in  the  preferred  divisions.  In  the  first 
years  of  its  business  the  association  provided  for  the  payment  of  $25 
per  week,  up  to  a  limit  of  26  weeks,  for  disabling  injury,  and  $5,000 
in  case  of  death  from  accident.  It  established  limits  of  travel  and 
residence  confined  to  the  civilized  portions  of  the  United  Slates  and 
Canada,  and  leciuired  a  special  permit  for  any  ocean  voyage.  As 
experience  showed  the  i)ossibility  of  more  liberal  conditions,  these 
terms  were  changed  from  time  to  time.  At  present  the  association 
offers  a  variety  ot  forms  of  accident  insurance.  Under  one  policy  in- 
demnity is  provided  not  only  for  such  casualties  as  are  covered  by  the 
ordinary  accident  policy,  but  also  for  fatal  injuries  resulting  from  sun- 
stroke, lifting,  freezing,  gas,  poison,  somnambulism,  or  choking  in 
swallowing,  which  are  not  covered  by  any  other  accident  policy  in 
existence.  The  benefits  under  this  policy  are  $5,000  for  death  by 
accident,  the  same  amount  for  loss  of  sight,  of  two  hands  or  two  feet, 
or  hand  and  foot,  half  that  amount  for  loss  of  rij?ht  hand  or  either  leg, 
$1,000  for  loss  of  one  foot  or  left  hand,  $2,500  for  permanent  total 
disability  and  $25  weekly  indemnity  up  to  a  limit  of  52  weeks.  Pre- 
mium calls  on  this  policy  amount  to  $24  per  year.  Another  policy  for 
the  same  amount  of  premium  calls  gives  $10,000  in  case  of  accidental 
death,  with  other  indemnities  similar  to  those  of  above  policy  and  covers 
all  casualties  covered  by  the  ordinary  accident  insurance  policy.  The 
policies  issued  by  the  association  are  liberal,  the  conditions  as  few  as 
can  safely  be  made.  All  restriction  as  to  travel  in  or  to  almost  any 
part  of  the  civilized  world  have  been  removed.  The  association  is 
doing  business  in  thirty-one  states.    Besides  the  home  office  at  820, 


United  States  Mutual  Accident  Absociation. 


430 


322,  and  824  Broadway,  New  York,  where  most  of  its  business  is 
transacted,  the  association  maintains  in  all  the  principal  cities  offices 
and  agencies.  The  growth  of  the  association  has  been  remarkably 
regular.  If  there  have  been  any  periods  of  dull  business  or  of  light 
membership  they  haye  been  so  short  and  so  lightly  marked  that  they 
do  not  appear  from  a  study  of  the  annual  reports.  These  show  that 
the  association  has  closed  each  year  stronger  in  membership,  in  insur- 
ance in  force,  in  inyested  assets,  than  it  was  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year,  and  each  succeeding  year  has  shown  a  larger  premium  income 
than  the  year  before.  Its  financial  condition  December  81,  1892,  as 
shown  in  the  reports  to  the  insurance  departments,  was  as  follows: 

Net  and  Invested  asisetB $188,859.68 

ConUngent  aaeetB 98,428.41 

Total  Hflaetg $882,082.99 

Actual  liabllltiee $16,102.66 

Contingent  liabiUtiee 83,950.84 

Total  liabillUes $99,058.89 

ExceaaofaasetBOverliabilitieB $188,029.60 

Excess  of  net  and  invested  aflsets  over  all  liabllltiefl $89,606.19 

The  net  and  invested  assets  consist  of  loans  on  first  mortgages  on 
New  York  city  property,  $92,500;  bonds  and  stocks  owned,  $11,837; 
cash,  $45,967.26;  agents'  ledger  balances  and  accrued  interest,  $15,- 
488.86.  These  assets  include  an  emergency  fund  of  $134,068.99, 
which  can  be  used  only  for  payment  of  losses.  The  contingent  assets 
consist  of  premium  calls  in  course  of  collection,  amounting  to 
$98,428.41,  about  the  amount  collected  in  thirty  days  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  business.  The  actual  liabilities  consist  of  premium  calls 
paid  by  members  in  advance,  $10,102.56;  unpaid  current  bills,  $6,000. 
The  contingent  liabilities  include  all  losses  reported  to  December  81, 
1892.  of  whatever  character,  even  though  no  proof  of  loss  had  been 
received,  and  amount  to  $82,950.84.  Losses  paid  during  the  year 
amount  to  $444,739.24;  losses  paid  since  organization,  $2,998,588.73; 
membership  at  close  of  the  year,  59,983;  insurance  in  force,  $293,265,- 
160.00. 

The  following  statement  of  insurance  In  force  and  gross  assets  on 
December  81  of  each  year,  illustrates  the  growth  of  the  association 
during  the  past  fourteen  years: 


Year. 

Inanrance  in  force. 

Gross  Assets. 

1879 

!t;975;000 

$180.46 

1880 

1,421.08 

1881 

41,949,000 

4,958.88 

1882 

49,919,000 

14,186.60 

1888 

27,601.69 

1884 

90,970,760 

44,646.77 

1885 

182,698,600 

94,287.84 

1886 

168,784,600 

161,278.65 

1887 

900,610,600 

189,047.21 

1888 

281,931,2&0 

220,680.00 

1889 

264.818,760 

216,094.51 

1890 

270,297,600 

288,806.15 

1801 

986,862,160 

282,062.99 

1892 

298,266,160 

r"      t1 

Digitized  by  VjUUV 

440  Univbiuial  Mbrcastilb  Schbditls. 

The  present  oflBlcera  of  the  asaocUtion  are  Charles  B.  Peet,  presi- 
deal;  Winaor  B.  French,  yice-president;  James  R.  Pitcher,  secretary 
and  general  manager;  Calvin  T.  Hazen,  treasurer.     The  directors  are 
Charles  B.  Peet,  president  National  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  asso 
elation,  New  York  city;  Winsor  B.  French,  attorney,  i^aratoga  Springs, 
New  York;  James  K.  Pitcher,  secretary,  president  New  York  Leather 
Belting  company,  New  York  city;  William  Bro  Smith,  attorney,  3:^ 
Broadway,  New  York;  Lieopold   Wormser,  Harlem  &  Westchester 
clothing  company.  New  York  city;  William  Wade,  president  Fifth 
Ayenue  Transportation  company;  William  Gibson,  director  of  agencies 
National  Mutual  Building  and  Loan  association;  Hon.  B.  W.  Wood- 
ward, 820  Broadway,  New  York;  Ulijah  S.  Parker,  New  Yorkdiy; 
John  H.  C.  Neyius,  Nevius  &  Haviland,  500  West  42d  street.  New 
York  city;  George  J.  Peet,  attorney,  49  Chambers  street.  New  York 
city. 

United  Underwriters  insurance  company  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  retired 
from  business  in  October,  1892,  its  risks  beine  taken  by  the  AtlanU 
Home  insurance  company  which  was  controlled  and  managed  by  the 
same  persons.  The  United  Underwriters  was  organized  March  6, 
1889,  and  began  business  Noyember  30  of  the  same  year.  It  coyered 
nine  southern  states  but  was  hampered  in  extending  its  lines  by  the 
retaliatory  laws  of  other  states  against  Georgia. 

Uniyersal  Mercantile  Schedule.  In  the  latter  part  of  1891,  four 
underwriters,  F.  C.  Moore,  James  A.  Silyey,  George  W.  Babb,  Jr.,  and 
E.  G.  Richards,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare  a  schedule  for 
rating  the  mercantile  business  of  the  country.  They  were  assisted  by 
co-operating  comnuttees  nominated  from  important  rating  organizaiions 
such  as  the  New  England  Exchange,  New  York  State  Association,  Na- 
tional Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  and  others,  and,  after  numerous 
sessions  and  months  of  labor,  issued,  in  successiye  stages  of  proof,  a 
form  of  schedule  which  has  been  carefully  reviewed  by  most  of  the  un- 
derwriters of  the  country.  The  flrst  "proof"  was  a  short  form  of 
schedule,  intended  to  facilitate  the  easy  rating  of  risks,  without  much 
detail,  but  the  committee  became  conyinced  that  whatever  time  was 
saved  in  studying  a  short  schedule  would  be  more  than  lost  after- 
wards in  applying  it,  as  the  rating  expert  would  be  delayed  at  every 
stage  which  required  consideration  or  thought.  Therefore  the  commit- 
tee found  it  necessary  to  go  into  every  detail  of  hazard,  leaving  as  little 
as  possible  to  the  judgment  of  a  rating  expert,  so  as  not  only  to  save 
his  time  in  thought  at  every  stage  of  the  rating  process,  but  to  prevent, 
also,  those  inconsistencies  of  rating  in  risks  of  one  and  the  same  hazard, 
which  so  often  produce  dissatisfaction  on  the  part  of  owners  and  result 
in  appeals  for  legislative  interference  with  rating  organizations. 

Before  the  committee  had  issued  their  third  "proof"  they  had 
abandoned  all  idea  of  a  so-called  short  schedule,  and  had  addressed 
themselves  assiduously  to  the  task  of  preparing  one  which  should  rec- 
ognize every  feature  of  a  risk  which  ought  to  be  considered,  either  in 
fixing  a  rate  or  determining  a  line.  They  submitted,  at  the  close  of 
1892,  the  sixth  or  final  edition  as  the  result  of  their  labor  with  the 
suggestion  that  the  only  test  which  should  be  applied  to  determine  the 
question  as  to  whether  or  not  it  is  unnecessarily  long  is  that  if  there 


tTNivRRSAL  Mbboantilb  Schbdulb.    '  441 

be  a  single  item  in  it  which  ought  not  to  be  considered  by  an  under- 
writer  in  fixing  his  price  or  line,  it  should  have  been  omitted,  but  if 
there  be  no  such  item,  then  the  schedule  cannot  be  too  long. 

It  was  claimed  by  some  critics  that  a  schedule  could  not  be  prepared 
which  would  properly  rate  risks  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  com- 
mittee belieyed  otherwise,  holding  that  local  reasons  could  be  found 
everywhere  for  abnormal  losses,  either  in  faults  of  construction,  de- 
fective materials,  deficiencies  in  fire  departments,  or  other  physical 
features,  and  that,  failing  to  discover  local  physical  reasons  for  ab- 
normal loss,  the  previous  fire  record  for  a  five-year  period  should  gov- 
ern the  fixing  of  the  key  rate  of  a  city  to  cover  any  possible  moral  or 
unknown  hazard.  To  this  end  they  provided  for  an  increase  of  the  kev 
rate  of  a  city  by  adding  to  it  twenty  per  cent,  of  its  amount  for  each 
one  dollar  of  loss  in  excess  of  $5  per  $1,000  of  insurance. 

The  percenta^  of  loss  to  premium  is,  of  course,  a  changeable  and 
unreliable  quantity,  varying  with  the  rate  obtained.  The  amount  at 
risk  and  the  amount  of  loss  per  each  $1,000  at  risk,  on  the  other  hand, 
present  reliable  bases  for  determining  what  the  rate  of  premium 
should  be. 

llie  working  schedule  does  not  charge  for  all  variations  from  the 
standard,  which  is  ideal  and  educational ;  being  designed  to  be  handed 
to  a  builder  or  owner  contemplating  the  erection  oi  a  building,  as  an 
explanation  of  safe  construction.  Some  of  the  specifications  cannot  be 
examined  or  tested  afterwards,  such  as  fiUine  in  hollow  partitions  at 
each  floor,  for  example,  but  the  recommendation  may,  nevertheless,  se- 
cure them  at  the  hands  of  a  conscientious  owner. 

Having  established  the  key  rate  or  starting  point  of  a  city  by  de- 
termining the  rate  of  a  building  of  standard  construction  in  such  city, 
the  next  process  or  step  is  to  determine  the  variations  or  deficiencies  of 
the  particular  building  to  be  rated  from  standard  construction.  The 
rate  of  a  standard  building  in  a  standard  city,  or  under  the  best  possible 
surroundings  and  conditions,  was  fixed  bv  the  committee  at  25  cents. 

Fire  departments,  under  the  universal  schedule,  receive  three-fold 
treatment,  whereas  all  other  systems  of  ratin?  give  them  single  treat- 
ment, rating  all  risks  in  a  city  as  if  they  shared  equally  in  the  benefit  of 
a  fire  department,  whereas  acres  of  buildings  and  stocks  may  be  on  the 
lines  of  small  and  insufficient  water  pipes  and  remote  from  engine  ser- 
vice and  therefore  inadequately  rated.  The  universal  schedule  gives 
all  risks  in  the  citv  the  credit  of  fire  departments  to  the  minimum  ex- 
tent, only,  in  the  key  rate.  It  is  of  course  an  advantage  to  a  risk  that 
the  city  in  which  it  is  located  should  have  a  fire  department  and  water- 
works even  though  the  building  may  be  two  miles  from  a  water  pipe 
or  fire  engine  house,  since  if  a  fire  should  start  two  and  a  half  miles 
awav  it  might  be  prevented  from  spreading  to  the  risk.  Only  to  this 
minimum  extent,  however,  in  the  key  rate  should  it  get  the  credit  for  a 
flre  department. 

A  fire  department  for  the  maximum  benefit  is  brought  home  to  each 
risk  by  deductions  for  proximity  to  hydrants. 

Under  the  old  systems  of  rating,  risks  on  the  line  of  8-inch  or  larger 
water  mains  are  paying  for  risks  without  water  mains,  or  on  the  line  of 
4-inGh  mains.  Fire  departments  are  treated  separately  as  to  buildinffs 
and  stocks,  a  clear  necessity  if  correct  results  are  to  be  secured,  for  the, 

20  ..„....,  „^ogle 


44'^  UkIVERSAL   MBRCANtlLB   SCHBDULB. 

benefits  of  water  throwing  differ  as  to  each.  Exceptional  and  unusual 
features  of  construction  and  fire  extinguishing  appliances  are  provided 
for  by  deductions.  The  property  owner  may  be  safely  trusted  to  re- 
mind the  rating  expert  of  any  feature  of  his  risk  which  would  entitle 
him  to  a  deduction  ;  but  not  more  than  nine  property  owners  in  ten 
would  call  the  expert's  attention  to  a  fault  overlooked  in  order  that  a 
charge  should  be  made. 

The  treatment  of  exceptional  features  of  fire  departments  by  deduc- 
tions. Instead  of  by  charges,  makes  it  possible  to  handle  non-fire-depart- 
ment towns,  whose  key  rate  would  be  too  high  if  built  upon  ideal 
standards. 

The  next  important  feature  of  the  universal  schedule  is  the  treat- 
ment of  stocks  as  compared  with  buildings,  and  this,  in  view  of  the  as- 
tounding inconsistencies  of  rating  throughout  the  country,  may  well 
be  considered  the  most  important  of  all.  The  committee  find  there  are 
at  present  four  ways  of  rating  stocks  throughout  the  United  States. 
One  is  to  add  to  the  final  bunding  rate,  including  the  charge  for  ex- 
posure, a  fixed  sum  of  thirty  cents — no  matter  what  the  character  of 
the  building  and  no  matter  what  the  character  of  the  fire  department— 
to  get  the  stock  rate.  A  second  plan  is  to  add  20  cents,  a  tliird  to  add 
10  cents,  and  a  fourth  to  add  nothing,  the  stock  rate  being,  in  some 
cases,  the  same  as  the  building  rate,  while  in  others  it  is  actually  less, 
even  in  fire  department  towns. 

The  only  advantage  afforded  to  a  stock  by  a  building  of  the  best 
construction  is  the  advantage  of  protecting  it  from  an  outside  fire,  or  of 
preventing  a  fire  from  spreading  from  one  floor  to  another.  Even' a  fire 
proof  building  is  of  no  other  advantage  than  this  to  its  stock,  which 
may  be  as  effectually  consumed  within  its  fire  proof  walls  as  would  the 
contents  of  a  stove.  A  stove  is  fire-proof,  but  its  contents  are  not.  In- 
deed, fire-proof  buildings,  with  air-shafts,  elevators,  stairways,  etc.,  to 
insure  drafts  from  cellar  to  roof,  perform  the  office  of  stoves,  for  the 
effectual  cremation  of  their  contents. 

Mr.  Moore,  in  his  analysis  of  the  schedule,  from  which  the  above  is 
condensed,  says: 

"  The  schedule  will  expedite  the  rating  process.  An  expert  can  rate 
a  risk  more  quickly  with  it  than  without  it.  By  rating  a  risk  is,  of 
course,  meant  the  fixing  of  a  proper  price  or  figure  upon  each  feature 
of  it,  and  an  inspection  of  the  building  from  roof  to  cellar  floor.  Any 
test  of  comparative  speed  in  rating  should  require,  without  argument, 
this  "scratch"  line  as  a  starting  point ;  the  expert  is  to  make  the  tour 
of  tlur  building,  is  to  observe  everything  that  ought  to  be  seen,  and  to 
fix  a  price  upon  it — the  uniform  price  for  the  same  feature  in  all  deisea. 
He  will  rate  more  quickly  with  the  schedule  for  the  reason  that  he  will 
lose  no  time  in  considering  or  estimating  any  detail. 

"It  will  encourage  safe  construction. 

"  If  the  schedule,  as  the  total  result  of  raisine  the  rates  on  the  worst 
risks,  as  well  as  lowering  them  on  the  best,  did  not  secure  one  dollar 
of  premium  in  excess  of  that  now  collected,  it  would,  nevertheless,  be 
a  direct  advantage  to  the  insurance  companies  in  the  respect  of  improv- 
ing cities  and  of  preventing  by  its  operation  some  of  the  enormous 
losses  resulting  from  sweeping  conflagrations.  The  prevention  of  fires 
is  not  less  a  source  of  profit  than  an  increased  premium  account.    If 


Universal  Mbrgaiytilb  Sghbdulb.  443 

one-half  the  conflagration  losses  to  date  could  have  been  saved,  the 
companies  in  this  direction  alone  would  have  secured  a  fair  profit  on 
the  business.  Witness  the  Boston  fire  of  November,  1889,  as  compared 
with  tliat  of  November,  1872.  In  the  pathway  of  the  '89  fire  was  a 
building  of  proper  construction,  against  whose  side  walls  the  fire  de^ 
partment  was  abl*  to  hold  the  fire.  The  difference  in  loss  in  this  case 
to  a  single  company  was  measured  by  the  comparison  of  fifty  thousand 
doUars  loss  in  1889  as  contrasted  with  eight  hundred  thousand  dollars 
loss  in  November,  1872. 

"The  adverse  criticism  has  been  expressed  that  the  schedule  items 
are  guesses,  but  this  criticism  ignores  the  careful  method  by  which  the 
various  details  were  agreed  upon,  and,  taken  on  its  broadest  assumption, 
overlooks  the  fact  that  a  guess  of  an  inch  is  better  than  a  guess  of  a 
mile,  and  that  guesses  are  now  made  at  the  entire  rates  of  buildings  of 
complicated  hazard.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  no  one  company,  and 
certainly  no  one  underwriter,  can  claim  to  have  sufficient  experience  or 
knowledge  for  rating  all  classes  of  risks,  it  will  not  be  denied  that,  in 
a  business  where  an  adequate  price  is  so  absolutely  essential  not  merely 
to  profit,  but  to  solvency,  rates  should  be  fixed  after  a  wide  canvass  to 
secure  combined  judgment.  In  no  other  way  could  any  tariff  be  se- 
cured which  would  be  more  than  approximately  correct. 

Ckhinsurance. —  The  universal  schedule  is  framed  upon  a  basis  which 
recognizes  a  certain  named  percentage  of  insurance  to  value.  To  fix 
rates  without  reference  to  the  amount  of  insurance  carried  would  be 
not. less  foolish  than  to  sell  dry  goods  without  yard  sticks,  or  to  sell 
silks  and  satins  at  the  same  price  per  yard  as  calico.  All  rates  are 
based  upon  the  bricks  and  mortar  of  a  building  as  well  as  upon  the 
wooden  trim.  If  the  insurance  is  only  for  ten  or  fifteen  per  cent,  of 
the  value  of  both,  the  company  would  be  insuring  the  wooden  trim 
while  its  rate  had  been  basc^  upon  considerations  of  brick  and  mortar. 

The  schedule  does  not  enforce  or  require  any  particular  amount 
of  insurance,  but  adlusts  itself  to  whatever  amount  the  property  owner 
chooses  to  carry.  If  the  insurance  is  60  per  cent,  of  value  no  deduc- 
tion Is  allowed.  If  the  amount  of  insurance  carried  exceeds  this  per- 
centage, a  deduction  of  one-half  per  cent,  of  the  rate  for  each  one  per 
cent,  of  insurance  in  excess  of  60  per  cent,  of  insurance  to  value  is 
allowed.  If  less  than  60  per  cent,  of  insurance  to  value  is  carried, 
1  per  cent,  of  the  rate  is  added  for  each  per  cent,  less  than  60  percent. 
It  will  be  conceded  that  there  are  few  buildings — and  probably  no 
stocks — insured  for  less  than  60  percent.,  andfthat,  therefore,  this 
percentage  will  cover  all  practical  cases,  and  reduce  to  a  minimum  the 
number  of  risks  that  need  inquiry. 

The  propriety  of  grading  the  charjg^e  according  to  the  amount 
carried  will  he  demonstrated  by  the  friction  saved.  The  average  man 
declines  to  be  coerced;  he  rebels  against  being  dictated  to  as  to  quantity 
as  well  as  price,  claiming,  with  much  reason,  that  he  has  the  right  to 
buv  as  much  or  little  of  the  article  purchased  as  he  chooses.  The 
universal  schedule  meets  him  upon  this  basis,  and  the  underwiter  is 
enabled  to  say  to  him:  "  We  do  not  care  how  much  or  how  little  of 
our  commodity  you  desire:  our  prices,  of  course,  are  fixed,  like  your 
own,  a  lower  rate  being  made  for  wholesale  quantities  than  for  retail 
purchases. 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


444  Utah.  SurEUVisioN  oF  IksuraKck  IK. 

The  reason  for  the  rule  is  based  on  the  following  fact.  The 
experience  of  companies,  as  to  the  distribution  of  losses  aooording  to 
percentage  of  value  in  fire  department  cities  is  about  as  follows. 

Sixty -eight  per  cent,  of  Uie  losses  in  number  are  under  $100  in 
amount:  16  per  cent,  are  over  $100  and  under  25  per  cent. ;  7  per  cent, 
are  between  25  per  cent,  and  50  per  cent ;  6  per  cent,  between  GO  per 
cent,  and  80  per  cent.,  and  5  per  cent,  total.  These  percentages,  while 
"  round  figures,"  are  close  to  the  exact  percentages. 

In  June  a  special  committee  of  the  Charleston  board  of  fire  under- 
writers, of  which  Frederick  Tupper  was  chairman,  was  appointed  to 
examine  and  apply  the  schedule,  and  reported  subsequently:  "We 
are  so  much  impressed  with  this  system  and  its  schedule  that  we  faTor 
and  urge  it  for  universal  adoption."  Compact  Manager  Nelson  of  New 
Orleans  wrote  the  committee  that  his  bureau  contemplated  making  the 
schedule  the  basis  for  rating  the  city. 

There  was  a  conference  of  underwriters  at  Hartford,  July  25  to  27, 
to  consider  the  schedule,  the  committee  being  present  and  also  Heary 
R.  Turner  of  the  Niagara  and  U.  C.  Crosby  of  the  Phenix,  represent- 
inff  the  New  England  Insurance  Exchanjge;  Clarence  Low  of  New 
Orleans,  representing  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  association,  and  C.  L. 
Hedge  of  the  Fireman's  Fund,  representing  the  New  York  Under- 
writers association.  The  plan  of  the  schedule  was  approved  and  there 
was  a  general  discussion  as  to  the  details.  A  number  of  changea  were 
adopted  and  a  new  amended  issue  of  the  schedule  decided  upon.  This 
was  the  fifth  proof  which  was  sent  out  to  the  companies  for  criticism 
and  suggestions  in  August. 

The  final  conference  in  1802  upon  the  schedule  was  held  at  the 
rooms  of  the  New  York  board  of  fire  underwritors,  November  29  to 
December  1.  There  were  present  to  meet  the  committee  special  com- 
mittees of  the  national  board  of  fire  underwriters.  New  England  Insur- 
ance Exchange,  South  Eastern  Tariff  association,  Underwriters  asso- 
ciation of  New  York  state,  Underwriters  association  of  the  middle 
department,  and  New  York  board  of  fire  underwriters.  President 
Moore  of  the  Continental  acted  as  chairman.  The  various  sections  of 
the  fifth  revisions  were  considered  BericUim,  and  accepted  or  amended 
as  the  case  might  be.  Messrs.  C.  C.  Little,,  H.  R  Turner,  E.  F.  Bed- 
dall,  H.  E.  Bowers,  J.  B.  Eremer,  and  U.  C.  Crosby,  were  appointed 
a  committee  to  secure  a  practical  application  of  the  schedule  in  cities 
suitable  for  the  purpose. 

Copies  of  the  final  edition  of  this  schedule  can  be  procured  from 
F.  C.  Moore,  P.  O.  Box  8,033,  New  York. 

Utah,  Sapervision  of  Insurance  in,  1884-1898:  The  insurance 
department  in  Utah  was  organized  under  an  act  approved  March  18, 
1884,  the  territorial  secretary  being  charged  with  tne  duties  of  super- 
vision. Arthur  L.  Thomas  was  the  secretary  at  the  time  the  law  went 
into  effect,  and  was  succeeded  by  William  C.  Hall  on  April  6,  1887, 
and  Elijah  Sells,  May  16,  1889.  The  latter*s  commission  will  expire 
December  80,  1898. 


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Valued-Policy  Laws.  446 

Talued-Policy  Laws.  Twenty-eight  valued-policy  bills  were  in- 
trodaced  in  fifteen  state  legislatures  in  1891,  nine  bills  were  introduced 
in  six  legislatures  in  1893,  and  twenty-seyen  bills  in  eighteen  legislatures 
in  1898,  prior  to  August  1.  No  bill  was  successful  in  1891,  one  bill 
passed  in  1893,  and  five  bills  passed  in  1898,  two  of  which  were  vetoed. 

The  valued-policy  legislation  in  1892  was  as  follows:  Georgia,  a  bill 
was  not  acted  upon  before  the  legislature  took  its  recess,  and  will  come 
up  as  unfinished  business  at  the  adjourned  session  in  October,  1893; 
Iowa,  five  bills  were  introduced  and  all  failed;  Kentucky,  a  bill  intro- 
duced in  1892  was  not  acted  upon  until  1898;  Mississippi,  the  new  in- 
surance code,  which  was  adopted,  contained  a  valued-policy  section; 
Vermont,  a  bill  was  defeated. 

In  the  legislatures  of  1898,  in  session  to  the  time  this  volume  was 
published  (August  1),  valued-policy  bills  were  introduced  as  follows: 
Alabama  (1),  California  (1),  Colorado  (1),  Florida  (2),  Idaho  (1),  Illinois 
(5),  Indiana  (1),  Kansas  (2),  Maine  (1),  Michigan  (1),  MinnesoU(8),  New 
York  (2),  Oregon  (1),  Pennsylvania  (1),  Bouth  Dakota  (1),  Washington 
(1),  West  Virginia  (1).  In  four  of  these  states  bills  were  successful, 
Illinois,  Kansas,  Oregon,  and  Pennsylvania,  and  to  these  must  be 
added  Kentucky',  which  passed  the  bill  introduced  in  the  earlier  part 
of  the  session,  in  1892.  Two  of  these  five  bills  were  vetoed;  that  of 
lUinols  by  Governor  Altgeld,  and  that  of  Pennsylvania  by  Governor 
Pattison.  The  net  increase  of  valued-policy  laws  in  1898,  therefore, 
was  three.  Besides  this  valued-policy  legislation  of  1898,  there  were 
amendments  to  existing  laws  in  Delaware  and  Missouri,  introduced  in 
the  legislatures  of  those  states.  The  Delaware  amendment,  which  was 
adopted,  gave  the  insurer  the  option  to  replace  the  property  destroyed. 

S'be  act  as  amended  is  printed  below.)  The  proposed  amendment  in 
issouri,  which  was  not  adopted,  provided  that  the  company  should 
not  plead,  in  a  suit,  that  proof  of  loss  was  not  made  within  some  speci- 
fied time  set  forth  in  the  polic^^,  unless  it  had  first  given  ten  days'  notice 
in  writing  to  the  insured  or  his  agent  that  such  proof  was  required. 

mSTOBY  OP  VALUED-POLICY  LEGISLATION. 

The  legislature  of  Wisconsin  passed  a  valued-policy  law  in  1874, 
and  was,  therefore,  the  pioneer  in  this  species  of  lenslation.  Five 
years  later,  at  the  session  in  1879,  Ohio  added  a  valued-policy  section 
to  its  revised  statutes.  In  the  same  year  the  state  of  Texas  passed 
a  valued-policy  law  which  was  a  dead  letter  up  to  a  few  years  ago, 
when  a  decision  in  the  courts  gave  judgment  against  the  company  for 
the  full  face  value  of  the  policy  under  the  provisions  of  the  law.  In 
August,  1885,  the  legislature  of  New  Hampshire  passed  the  law,  in 
company  with  an  ''anti-compact  law,"  and  the  agency. companies  of 
other  states  and  territories  doing  business  in  the  state  signified  their 
displeasure  at  the  adoption  of  this  kind  of  hostile  legislation  by  with- 
drawing from  the  state.  New  Hampshire  was  deprived  of  the  protec- 
tion which  the  great  fire  insurance  companies  afforded,  until  1890, 
when  the  JStna  led  most,  but  not  all,  of  the  companies  back.  Missouri 
passed  a  valued-policy  law  similar  to  the  Wisconsin  law,  which  was  in 


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446  Valdbd-Policy  Laws. 

force  several  years,  but  in  1889  the  reneral  iniurance  laws  of  the  state 
were  revised,  and  while  the  valued-policj  feature  was  retained,  the 
section  embodying  it  was  rewritten.  Arkansas,  Delaware,  and 
Nebraska  adopted  laws  in  1889,  the  territory  of  Oklahoma  in  1890, 
Mississippi  in  1892,  and  Kansas,  Kentucky,  and  Oregon  in  1898.  The 
Okalhoma  law  is  badly  written,  and  its  two  sections  are  contradictory 
in  terms. 

The  following  is  the  full  text  of  all  the  valued-policy  laws  now  in 
force  in  states  and  territories  of  the  United  States: 

ABXAN6A0.    (Law  passed  1889,) 

Skction  1.  A  Are  insarance  policy  in  case  of  a  total  loss  by  flre  of  property  io- 
Bured  shall  be  held  and  considerea  to  be  a  liquidated  demasd  against  the  company  for 
the  fall  amount  of  snch  policy;  provided^  that  the  proTisions  of  this  article  BhaU  not 
apply  to  personal  proper^. 

Delawahi.    (Law  passed  1889  and  amended  1893,) 

SscTiOK  1.  Wheneyer  any  policy  of  insurance  shall  be  issned  to  Insore  any  real 
tyroperty  in  this  state  against  loss  by  flre,  tornado,  or  lightning,  and  the  property 
insnred  shall  be  wholly  destroyed,  withoat  crhninal  fanlt  on  the  part  of  the  insured  or 
his  assigns,  the  amount  of  the  insurance  stated  in  such  policy  shall  be  taken  condn- 
sively  to  be  the  true  Talue  of  the  property  insured  and  the  true  amount  of  loss  and 
measure  of  damages,  snl^ect  to  the  proviso  herein;  and  every  such  policy,  when  here- 
after issued  or  renewed,  shall  have  endorsed  across  the  face  of  it  the  following:  *^^It  is 
agreed  between  insurer  and  insured  that  the  value  of  the  insnred  property  is  the  eum 

or  $— ,  and  this  estimate  shall  be  binding  on  both  parties  as  to  value;  prodtUi, 

however,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall,  in  case  of  loss,  prevent  the  company  m- 
suring  -from  adjastlng  the  loss  by  replacing  the  property  destroyed*  and  in  case  anv 
owner  shall  effect  any  subsequent  insurance  upon  any  larger  value  than  so  agreed,  all 
insurance,  as  well  as  that  then  eyiwtJng  and  tnat  subsequently  obtained,  shall  become 
void." 

Sec.  9.  This  act  shall  apply  to  all  policies  of  insurance  hereafter  made  or  issaed 
upon  real  proper^  in  the  state;  and  also  the  renewal  which  shall  hereafter  be  made  of 
all  policies  heretofore  issued  in  this  state;  and  the  contracts  made  by  such  policies  of 
insurance  shall  be  construed  to  be  contracts  made  under  the  laws  of  this  state. 

Sbc.  8.  The  court  upon  rendering  Judgment  against  any  insurance  company  upon 
any  such  policies  of  insurance  shall  allow  the  plainfflE  a  reasonable  sum  as  an  attorney's 
foe  to  be  toxed  as  part  of  the  costs. 

Kansas.    (Lato  passed  1898,) 

Section  1.  Whenever  any  policy  of  insurance  shall  be  written  to  insure  any  real 
property  in  this  state  against  loss  by  flre,  tornado,  or  lightning,  and  the  property  inimred 
shall  be  wholly  destroyed  without  criminal  fault  on  the  part  of  the  insured  or  his 
assigns,  the  amount  of  the  insurance  written  in  such  policy  shall  be  taken  concloaively 
to  be  the  true  value  of  the  property  insured,  and  the  true  amount  of  loss  and  measore  of 
damages. 

Sec.  2.  This  act  shall  apply  to  all  policies  of  insurance  hereafter  made  or  written 
upon  real  property  in  this  state,  and  also  to  the  renewal,  which  shall  hereafter  be  made, 
of  all  policies  heretofore  written  in  this  state,  and  the  contracts  made  by  such  policies 
and  renewals  shall  be  construed  to  be  contracts  made  under  the  laws  of  this  state. 

Sec.  8.  The  court,  upon  rendering  judgment  antinst  an  insurance  company  apoa 
any  such  policy  of  insurance,  shall  allow  the  plaintiff  a  reasonable  sum  as  an  attomey'ii 
fee,  to.be  taxed  as  part  of  the  costs. 

Khwtuckt.    (Lom  passed  1893,) 

Section  1.  Jliat  insurance  companies  that  take  flre  or  storm  risks  on  real  property 
In  this  commonwealth  shall,  on  all  iralicies  issued  after  this  act  takes  effect  (in  case  <2f 
total  loss  thereof  by  flre  or  storm),  be  liable  for  the  fall  estimated  value  of  the  property 
insured,  as  the  value  thereof  itn  flexed  in  the  face  of  the  policy;  and  in  cases  of  partial 
loss  of  the  property  insured,  the  liability  of  the  company  shall  not  exceed  the  actual  losb 
of  the  party  insured;  provided  that  the  estimated  value  of  the  property  insured  niay  br 
diminished  to  the  extent  of  atiy  depression  In  the  value  of  the  property  occurring 
between  the  dates  of  the  policy  and  the  loss.  And  jtrovlded  further^  that  the  Insured 
shall  be  liable  for  any  fraud  he  may  practice  in  fixing  Uie  value  of  the  property,  if  the 
company  be  misled,thereby. 

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Valued-Policy  Laws.  447 

M188I8BIPPI.    {Oods  passed  1892,) 

Section  1068.  In  suits  broatrht  nix)^  policies  of  Insarance  on  bnildlngs,  against 
loss  or  damage  by  flre^  hereafter  iBSued  or  renewed,  the  insurer  shall  not  be  permitted 
to  denT  that  the  property  insured  was  worth  at  the  time  of  the  issuing  of  the  policy 
the  full  amount  insured  therein,  on  such  property.  In  case  of  total  loss  of  the  property 
insured,  the  measure  of  damage  shall  be  the  amount  for  which  the  building  was  msurea, 
less  whatever  depreciation  In  ralne  the  property  may  have  sustained  between  the  time 
of  issuing  the  policy  and  the  date  of  loss;  in  case  of  a  partial  loss  or  damage,  the  meas- 
ure of  damage  shall  be  an  amount  equal  to  the  damage  done  the  property,  pro-rated  as 
the  amount  of  insurance  is  to  the  whole  property.  [See  article  entitled  '^  Mississippi 
Valued-Policy  Law  "  on  page  211.] 

MiBSOUBi.    (BevUed  itatute$,  paued  1889,) 

SscnoN  fl009.  In  all  suits  brought  upon  policies  of  insurance  against  loss  or  dam- 
9  bv  fire  hereafter  issued  or  renewed,  the  defendant  shall  not  be  permitted  to  deny 
It  the  property  insured  thereby  was  worth  at  the  time  of  the  issuing  of  the  policy 
the  full  amount  insured  therein  on  said  property:  and  in  case  of  total  loss  of  the 
property  insured,  the  measure  of  damage  shall  be  the  amount  for  which  the  same  was 
Insured,  less  whatever  depreciation  in  value,  below  the  amount  for  which  the  prop- 
ertv  is  insured,  the  property  may  have  sustained  between  the  time  of  issuing  the 
policy  and  the  time  of  the  loss,  and  the  burden  of  proving  such  depreciation  shall  be 
upon  the  defendant;  and  in  case  of  peutiid  loss,  the  measure  of  damage  shall  be  that 
portion  of  the  value  of  the  whole  prop^ty  insured,  ascertained  In  the  manner  herein- 
after prescribed,  which  the  port  ii^ured  or  destroyed  bears  to  the  present  property 
iosorea. 

Bbction  0008a.  When  fire  insurance  policies  shall  be  hereafter  issued  or  renewed 
by  more  Uian  one  company  upon  the  same  property,  and  suit  shall  be  brought  upon 
any  of  said  policies,  the  defendant  shall  not  be  permitted  to  deny  that  the  property 
inrared  was  worth  the  aggregate  of  the  several  amounts  for  which  it  was  Insured  at  the 
time  the  policy  was  issura  or  renewed  thereon,  unless  willful  fraud  or  misrepresentation 
is  shown  on  the  part  of  the  insured  in  obtaining  such  additional  insurance:  and  In 
Buch  suit  the  measure  of  damage  shall  be  as  provided  in  the  preceding  section; 
provided^  that  whatever  depreclat^n  in  value  below  the  amount  for  which  the  prop- 
erty is  insured  may  be  shown,  as  provided  in  the  preceding  section,  shall  be  deducted 
from  the  amount  insured  in  each  policy,  in  the  proportion  which  the  amount  in  each 
Buch  policy  bears  to  the  aggregate  of  all  the  amounts  so  insured  on  such  property. 
This  and  tne  preceding  secttoi  shall  apply  only  to  real  property  insured.  Any  condi- 
tion in  any  poucy  of  insurance  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  illegal 
and  void. 

Nebraska.    {Law  paued  1889.) 

Section  1.  Whenever  any  policy  of  insurance  shall  be  written  to  insure  any  real 
property  in  this  state  against  loss  by  fire,  tornado,  or  lightning,  and  the  property  in- 
sured shall  be  wholly  acstroyed  without  criminal  fault  on  the  part  of  the  insured  or 
his  asslgnoes,  the  amount  of  the  insurance  written  In  such  policy  shall  be  taken  con- 
clnsively  to  be  the  true  value  of  the  property  insured  and  the  true  amount  of  loss  and 
measure  of  damages. 

Sec.  S.  This  act  shall  apply  to  all  policies  of  Insurance  hereafter  made  and  written 
upon  real  property  In  this  state  and  also  to  the  renewal  which  shall  hereafter  be  made 
of  all  policies  heretofore  written  in  this  state,  and  the  contracts  made  by  such  policies 
and  renewals  shall  be  construed  to  be  contracts  made  under  the  laws  of  this  state. 

Sec.  8.  The  court  upon  rendering  judgment  against  any  insurance  company  upon 
any  such  policy  of  insurance  shall  allow  the  plaintiff  a  reasonable  sum  as  an  attorney's 
fee,  to  be  taxed  as  apart  of  the  costs. 

New  Hamfshirb.    {Law  patted  1885,) 

Section  16.  Chapter  178,  General  Laws.  In  any  suit  that  may  be  brought  in  this 
state  against  an  Insurance  company  to  recover  for  a  total  loss  sustaiBed  by  fire  or  other 
casualty  to  real  estate  or  to  buildings  on  the  land  of  another,  the  amount  of  damage 
shall  be  the  amount  expressed  in  the  contract  as  the  sum  insured,  and  no  other 
evidence  shall  be  admitted  on  trial  as  to  the  value  of  the  property  insured;  provided^ 
whenever  there  is  a  partial  destruction  or  damage  to  the  property  insured,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  company  to  pay  the  assured  a  sum  of  money  equal  to  the  damage  done 
to  the  property;  and  provided  Jktrlher,  that  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed 
to  prevent  the  admiseion  of  testimony  to  prove  over-iusuraDce  fraudulently  obtained. 


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448  Vermont  Inbubancb  Rsport. 

Ohio.    (Law  passed  IS79.) 

Sbction  8M8j  Revised  Statutes.  Any  penon,  company,  or  aasocuition  hereinafter 
insarine  any  building  or  etmcture  againat  loes  or  damage  by  fire  or  lightnine.  by  the 
renewal  of  a  poUcy  heretofore  ieeaed,  or  oUierwlM,  enall  cauae  sacn  bnuding  or 
fltructnre  to  be  examined  by  an  agent  of  the  inaorer,  and  a  full  description  thereof  to 
be  made,  and  the  Ineurable  value  thereof  to  be  fixed  by  such  agent;  in  the  absence  of 
any  change  increasing  the  risk  without  the  consent  of  the  insurer,  and  also  of  inten- 
tional fraud  on  the  put  of  the  insured,  in  case  of  total  loss,  the  whole  amount  men- 
tioned in  the  policy  or  renewal  upon  which  the  insurers  receive  a  premium  shall  be 
pdd;  and  in  case  there  are  two  or  more  policies  upon  the  property,  each  policy  shall 
contribute  to  the  payment  of  the  whole  or  the  partial  loss  in  proportion  to  the  amoom 
of  insurance  mentioned  in  each  policv:  but  in  no  case  shall  the  insurer  be  required  to 
pay  more  than  the  amount  mentioned  in  this  policy. 

Oklahoma.    (Law  passed  1890.) 

All  insorance  companies  issaing  policies  in  this  territory  shall  be  required  to  pay 
in  case  of  total  lose  the  full  amount,  and  in  case  of  partial  loss  will  be  required  to  pay 
the  amount  of  loss  so  sustained,  for  which  the  properly  is  insured;  protiiUd^  Amnetvr, 
that  no  policy  shall  be  issued  which  sliall  contain  a  greater  sum  than  seventy-five  per 
cent,  of  the  value  of  the  property  so  insured.    Section  S2,  article  2,  chapter  XLIY. 

If  there  Is  no  valuation  In  the  policy  the  measure  of  indemnity  In  an  insurance 


against  fire  is  the  full  amount  stated  in  ttie  policy,  but  the  effect  of  the  valuation  in  a 
poHcv  of  fire  insurance  is  the  same  as  in  a  policy  of  marine  insurance.  Section  4, 
article  S,  chapter  XLIV. 


Oregon.    (Law  passed  1893,) 

Srction  1.  That  the  amount  of  insurance  written  in  a  policy  of  insurance  on  all 
buildings  insured  after  the  passage  of  ttiis  act  shall  be  talcen  and  deemed  the  true  value 
of  the  property  at  the  time  of  the  loss,  and  the  amount  of  the  loss  sustained,  and  shall 
be  the  measure  of  damage,  unless  the  insurance  was  procured  bv  the  fraud  of  the  insurMl, 
or  the  loss  was  caused  by  the  criminal  act  of  the  insured.  It  shall  be  lawful  for  any  in- 
surance company  liable  to  pay  losses  occasioned  by  fire  to  rebuild  any  structure  or 
building  wholly  or  partially  destroyed,  of  the  same  style  and  materials  and  of  equal 
value  with  the  one  so  wholly  or  partially  destroyed,  but  they  shall  make  their  olecdon 
so  to  do  within  thirty  days  nouce  of  loss.  In  case  there  is  a  partial  destruction  of  the 
property  insured  no  greater  amount  shall  be  collected  than  the  damages  sustained. 

Tbxab.    (Law  passed  1879.) 

A  fire  insurance  policy,  In  cose  of  a  total  loss  by  fire  of  property  insured,  shall  be 
held  and  considered  to  be  a  liquidated  demand  against  the  companv  for  the  full 
amount  of  such  policy;  provided,  that  the  provisions  of  this  article  shall  not  apply  to 
personal  property.    Article  2971,  civil  statutes. 

Wisconsin.    (Law  passed  1874. ) 

Skction  194S,  Revised  Statutes,  Whenever  any  policy  of  Insurance  ahall  be 
written  to  insure  any  real  property,  and  the  property  insured  shall  be  wholly  destroyed, 
without  criminal  fault  on  the  part  of  the  iusnrod  or  his  assigns,  the  amount  of  the  in- 
surance written  in  such  policy  shall  be  taken  conclusively  to  be  the  true  value  of  the 
Sropcrty  when  insured,  and  the  true  amount  of  loss  and  measure  of  damage  when 
estroyed. 

Termont  Insnrance  Report  for  1892.  The  following  insunnce 
companies  were  admitted  to  the  state  during  the  year  prior  to  April  1. 
1893:  Manchester  Fire,  Queen  of  New  York,  Abington  Mutual  of 
Abington,  Mass.,  British  America  of  Toronto,  Manhattan  Life,  North- 
western Masonic  Aid  of  Chicago,  and  New  York  Plate  Glass.  Five 
companies  withdrew  during  the  year.  The  insurance  commissionei^ 
while  denouncing  the  endowment  assessment  associations,  said:  '*  It  is 
very  gratifying  to  us,  at  this  time,  to  be  able  to  say  that  not  one  of 
these  speculative  concerns  is  doing  business  within  the  state  with  the 
sanction  of  the  commissionerB.    Only  one  has  persistently  sought  ad- 


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Virginia  Association  of  Life  Undeb writers.  449 

mission  under  our  construction  of  the  law,  and  this  one,  being  unable 
to  show  assets  and  a  reserve  fund  sufficient  to  meet  the  requirements, 
was  refused  a  license."  Alluding  to  the  fire  insurance  situation,  the 
commissioners  showed  that  the  losses  of  1891  in  Vermont  were  nearly 
one  hundred  per  cent,  greater  than  in  the  preceding  year,  and  added 
that  the  year  had  been  "an  unusually  disastrous  one  in  Vermont  as 
well  as  elsewhere." 

Termoiit,  Insurance  Snperyision  in,  1852-1898.  The  insurance 
department  of  Vermont  was  organized  under  the  law  of  1862,  the  sec- 
retary of  state  and  the  state  treasurer  being  ex  officio  insurance  commis- 
sioners. Elections  were  held  annually  until  1870,  when  the  biennial 
amendment  to  the  constitution  became  operative.  Since  that  time  the 
elections  liave  occurred  every  two  years.  The  insurance  commission- 
ers of  Vermont  from  the  time  the  office  was  created  in  the  year  1852 
until  now  have  been: 

Secretary  of  State.  State  Treasnrer.  Year. 

Ferrand  F.  MerrUl.  Geeige  Howee.  Oct  1, 1863,  to  Oct.  1, 1868 

Daniel  P.  Thompnon.  John  A.  Page.  Oct.  1, 1863,  to  Oct.  1, 1864 

Daniel  P.  Thompson.  Henry  M.  &te8.  Oct.  1, 1864,  to  Oct.  1, 1866 

Charles  W.  Willard.  Henry  M.  Bates.  Oct.  1, 1856,  to  Oct.  1, 1867 

Benjamin  W.  Dean.  Henry  M.  Bates.  Oct.  1, 1857.  to  Oct.  1, 1860 

Benjamin  W.  Dean.  John  B.  Page.  Oct.  1, 1800,  to  Oct.  1, 1861 

Oeoiige  W.  Bailey,  Jr.  John  B.  Page.  Oct.  1, 1861,  to  Oct.  1, 1866 

George  Nichols,  John  A.  Page.  Oct.  1, 1866,  to  Oct.  1, 1882 

George  Nichols.  William  H.  DaBois.  Oct.  1, 1883,  to  Oct.  1, 1884 

Charles  W.  Porter.  William  H.  DaBois.  Oct.  1, 1884,  to  Oct.  1, 1800 

Chaoncey  W.  Brownell,  Jr.  Henry  F.  Field.  Oct.  1, 1890,  to  Oct.  1 ,  1894 

The  clerk  in  charge  of  the  insurance  department  under  the  present 
commissioners  is  E.  W.  J.  Hawkins. 

Termont  Life  insurance  company  of  Burlington.  0.  M.  Spaulding, 
a  retired  capitalist  of  Burlington,  was  elected  president  in  February, 
18^,  succeeding  W.  H.  Hart,  resigned. 

Termont  Life  Underwriters'  Association.  At  the  annual  meet- 
ing in  1892,  at  Burlington,  Isaac  8.  Borley  was  elected  president;  J.  H. 
milman,  G.  H.  Smalley,  P.  D.  Blodgett,  E.  G.  Mason,  and  A.  W. 
Childes,  vice-presidents;  and  Benjamin  Cronyn,  secretary.  The 
present  officers  and  executive  committee  of  the  association,  who  were 
elected  at  the  annual  meeting  at  Burlington,  June  5,  1893,  are: 
George  H.  Smalley,  president;  A.  Wellman,  C.  S.  Hastings,  0.  F.  R 
Jenne,  E.  8.  Kinsley,  A.  D.  Tenney,  vice-presidents;  H.  P.  Whitcomb, 
secretary;  A.  D.  Tenney,  treasurer;  I.  8.  Borley,  F.  L.  81ack,  C.  H. 
Sawyer,  8.  H.  Anderson,  H.  P.  Whitcomb,  executive  committee. 

Tirginia  Association  of  Life  Underwriters  was  organized  at 
Bichmond,  Ya.,  March  7,  1898,  by  the  agents  of  that  state,  and  the 
following  officers  were  chosen  for  the  first  year:  Colonel  John  B.  Cary 
of  the  Northwestern  Mutual  Life,  president;  J.  Adair  Pleasants  of  the 
Manhattan  Life,  first  vice-president;  Howard  Swiueford  of  the  Mutual 
Life  of  New  York,  second  vice-president;  Ira  Mowery  of  the  Brooklyn 
Life,  secretary  and  treasurer.  Executive  committee,  Thomas  Alfriend 
of  the  Washington  Life;  Captain  Fred.  Pleasants  of  the  Penn  Mutual 
Life;  Colonel  John  R.  West  of  the  Equitable  Life  of  New  York. 


20* 


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450  Virginia  Firb  Inburancb  Aqbkts*  Protest, 

Tirglnla  Fire  Insarance  Agrents*  Protest.  The  companies  doing 
business  in  Virginia,  which  were  represented  in  the  South  Eastern 
Tariff  Association,  having,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  association  in 
March,  voted  in  favor  of  the  extension  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  asso- 
ciation over  Virginia,  notice  was  given  bj  the  executive  committee 
that  the  state  would  pass  under  the  association  rules  July  1,  1892. 
The  announcement  raised  an  angry  protest  from  the  local  agents 
throughout  the  state.  Opposition  was  particularly  directed  against 
the  enforcement  of  the  association  rule  of  fifteen  per  cent.  commissioDs. 
The  Norfolk  local  board  addressed  a  remonstrance  to  its  companies, 
and  was  followed  by  others,  and  the  aeents  in  the  valley  and  Piedmont 
sections  and  southwestern  Virginia  held  a  convention  at  Staunton,  at  • 
which  thev  passed  resolutions  protesting  against  the  union  of  Virginia 
with  the  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association,  and  declining  to  accede  to 
the  reduction  in  commissions. 

In  the  meanwhile  Messrs.  Young  and  Egleston  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  association  and  constituting  the  Vir^nia  Oommission 
visited  and  inspected  the  state  and  reportea  to  the  committee  recom- 
mending that  the  fifteen  per  cent.  commiBsion  rule  being  mandatory 
as  of  July  1,  signatures  of  agents  to  the  commission  pledge  be  secured 
at  once;  that  a  competent  underwriter,  thoroughly  famiOar  with  the 
business  of  the  state,  be  placed  in  charge  to  supervise  the  stamping 
offices  and  act  as  special  agent  of  the  association,  and  that  stamping 
offices  be  located  in  Richmond,  Danville,  and  Norfolk.  The  compa- 
nies were  urged  to  secure  the  pledges  at  once,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
direct  their  agents  in  Richmond,  Norfolk,  and  Danville  to  send  their 
daily  reports  through  the  stamping  office  on  and  after  July  1. 

The  recommendations  of  the  commission  were  adopted  by  the  exe- 
cutive committee  and  immediately  promulgated.  The  agents  called  a 
general  convention  to  be  held  at  Richmond  June  22,  to  give  expres* 
sion  to  their  views  as  a  state.  At  the  meeting,  at  which  some  dxtj 
local  agencies  were  represented,  Howard  Swineford  of  Richmond  pre- 
sided. Mr.  Egleston  was  present  as  the  representative  of  the  South 
Eastern  and  explained  the  situation  from  its  point  of  view.  The  con- 
vention adopted  resolutions  which  set  forth  that  tbe  interests  of  the 
South  Eastern  Tariff  Association  and  those  of  the  local  agents  were 
not  geographically  identical;  that  the  trade  relations  of  the  local 
agents  were  not  with  the  South,  but  with  the  North;  that  the  local 
agents  had  to  contend  with  troublesome  mutuals;  and  that  they 
declined  to  accept  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  pledg^  which  they 
were  requested  to  sign,  it  being  a  reflection  upon  their  integrity.  A 
minority  report  was  submitted  protesting  against  the  pledge,  and  ask- 
ing the  companies  to  send  representatives  to  meet  the  agents  and  confer. 
The  two  reports  were  read  and  harmonized  by  the  adoption  of  a  section 
regarding  the  pledge,  respectfully  declining  to  sign  the  same  and  ask- 
ing for  a  conference  with  the  companies.  A  permanent  organization 
was  effected  under  the  name  of  Local  Fire  Underwriters*  Association 
of  Virginia,  and  a  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted.  [See  Local 
Fire  Underwriters  Association.]  A  committee  was  appointed  to 
request  the  companies  to  send  representatives  to  meet  the  local  agents 
of  Virginia  at  the  Hy^ia  Hotel,  Old  Point  Comfort,  July  12  proximo. 
"  with  the  view  of  arriving  at  some  amicable  adjustment  of  this  Texed 
question." 


Walton,  Edwakd  A.  451 

The  proposed  confereDce,  however,  did  not  take  place.  The  com- 
panies, with  Bubetantial  unanimity,  addressed  their  Virginia  agents 
by  circular,  and  wrote  to  them  indiTidually,  declaring  that  the 
meeting  would  be  useless;  that  the  situation  in  Virginia  demanded  the 
reforms  which  had  been  ordered,  or  the  companies  could  not  do 
business  in  the  state,  and  insisting  upon  the  acceptance  of  the  com- 
mission's pledge  or  the  resignation  of  those  who  refused  to  sign  it. 

In  the  circular  they  said: 

It  wonld  cost  the  oompanlefl  bat  a  small  sacrifice  to  fftve  up  their  entire  business 
in  Ylndnia  if  necessary;  to  the  basiness  men  of  the  state  (t  wonld  be  a  serious  matter, 
and  ta  how  mach  consequence  it  would  be  to  the  agents  70a  are  the  best  Judges. 
Further  correspondence  or  delay  is  entirely  unnecessary,  and  yon  will  please  act  at 
once  upon  these  instructions,  and  adopt  one  of  the  two  courses  named. 

This  resolute  action  on  the  part  of  the  companies  ended  the  trouble, 
the  agents  very  a^enerally  submitted,  the  stamping  offices  at  Richmond, 
Danyille,  and  Norfolk  were  established,  and  the  South  Eastern  Tariff 
Association  came  into  possession  of  the  state  peacefully  on  July  1. 
[See  South  Eastern  Tariff  Association.] 

Tirginia,  Insurance  SnperYision  in.  Under  act  of  the  legisla- 
ture, approved  April  6, 1866,  the  auditor  of  public  accounts  in  Vir^nia 
is  charged  with  the  supervision  of  insurance  interests.  This  official  is 
elected  every  two  years  by  the  joint  vote  of  the  general  assembly.  The 
auditors  since  1878  have  been  John  E.  Massey,  whose  term  expired  in 
1883;  S.  Brown  Allen,  from  1882  to  1884,  and  Morton  Marye,  from 
1884  to  the  present  time.  The  deputy  in  charge  of  the  insurance 
department  of  the  auditor's  office  is  C.  Lee  Moore. 

Yirgfnia  Underwriter's  Exchange.  [See  Underwriters  Ex- 
change.] 


IVaddill,  James  R.,  superintendent  of  insurance  of  Missouri,  was 
bom  in  Springfield,  Mo.,  in  1848.  He  graduated  in  law  about  the 
time  he  attained  his  majority.  He  serv^  two  terms  as  prosecuting 
attorney  in  his  native  city,  and  was  once  sent  to  congress  from  that 
district.  He  removed  to  Kansas  City  in  1881,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  At  one  time  Mr.  Waddill  ran  a  dedly  paper 
in  Springfield  and  during  the  last  presidential  campaign  conducted 
the  political  department  of  the  Kansas  City  Mail,  He  was  appointed 
superintendent  by  Gov.  Stone,  in  1898. 

Walton,  Edward  A.,  president  of  the  Citizens  insurance  company 
of  New  York,  was  born  in  New  York  city,  May  9,  1886,  and  his  early 
youth  was  passed  in  the  town  of  Norwalk,  Conn.,  and  Williamsburgh, 
li.  I.  His  business  career  began  when,  on  his  fourteenth  birthday,  he 
entered  the  employment  of  the  Citizens  insurance  company  in  its  Wil- 
liamsburgh office.  After  ten  years  of  clerkship,  he  was,  in  1860,  ap- 
pointed secretary  of  the  Citizens.  In  1881,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
vice-presidency  of  the  company;  and  in  April,  1886,  was  elected  presi- 
dent.   He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Manhattan  Life  insurance  company. 


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452  Wblu,  Dakibl  H. 

While  secretary  of  the  Citizens  in  1878,  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
New  York  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  and  was  re-elected  in  1879. 
Mr.  Walton  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  national  politics, 
and  in  1872  was  a  republican  candidate  for  elector  for  New  Jersey. 

Warner,  Dayld  B.,  western  general  agent  of  the  Phoenix  of  Lon- 
don.   [See  Death  Roll.] 

^^n  ashburn,  John  H.,  first  vice-president  of  the  Home  insarance 
company  of  New  York,  was  born  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  in  1828.  After 
graduating  from  Amherst  College,  he  studied  law  in  Rutland.  Yt.,  and 
Qreenvllle,  N.  Y.  In  1850  he  became  interested  in  the  insurance 
business  in  the  office  of  the  Washington  County  Mutual  Fire  insur- 
ance company  of  Vermont.  Four  years  later  he  became  secretary  of 
the  Bridgeport  Fire  and  Marine  insurance  company  of  Connecticut, 
and  remained  in  that  capacity  until  1857.  In  1859  he  joined  the 
Home,  was  elected  assistant  secretary  in  1805,  secretary  in  1867,  and 
vice-president  in  1884.  Mr.  Washburn  is  a  leader  in  all  movements 
for  the  well  being  of  fire  underwriting.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Western  Union,  and  is  the  present  vice-president  of  the  New  York 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  and  is  active  in  the  work  of  the  National 
Board  and  similar  organizations. 

Washington,  Insarance  SapervlBlon  in,  1890-1898.  The  in- 
surance department  in  Washington  was  organized  June  26,  1890,  the 
secretary  of  state  being  charged  with  the  duties  of  supervision.  He 
is  elected  for  four  years  by  the  people.  Allen  Weir  was  the  first  offi- 
cial and  was  succeeded  January  11,  1893,  by  James  H.  Price.  The 
assistant  insurance  commissioner  is  W.  W.  M!ott. 

Webster,  John  C«,  vice-president  of  the  MIub.  Life  insurance  com- 
lany  is  a  native  of  the  state  of  Maine  and  the  early  years  of  his  man- 
Lood  were  passed  at  the  case,  as  a  compositor.  In  March,  1864,  he 
was  a  fire  insurance  agent  in  New  Hampshire,  when  he  received  the 
appointment  of  general  agent  for  that  state  from  the  ^tna  Life.  He 
was  called  from  the  field  by  the  company  in  1878  to  become  superin- 
tendent of  agencies  at  the  home  office,  and  in  July,  1879,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  vice-presidency. 

Welch,  Archibald  H.,  second  vice-president  of  the.  New  York 
Life  insurance  company  is  a  native  of  Mansfield,  Conn.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  the  dry  goods  commission  business  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  from 
1852  to  1867,  and  in  New  York  city  in  the  same  business  from  the  lat- 
ter ^ear  until  1884,  when  his  firm  dissolved,  and  he  retired  from  the 
busmess.  In  the  meanwhile,  Mr.  Welch  had  been  elected  a  trustee  of 
the  New  York  Life.  In  1885,  he  was  called  to  the  second  vice-presi- 
dency, a  position  he  continues  to  occupy.  He  has  been  director  of 
several  New  York  banks,  but  resigned  so  as  to  devote  all  his  time  to 
the  New  York  Life. 

Wells,  Daniel  H.,  actuary  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  insur- 
■^nee  company,  was  bom  at  Riverhead,  Suffolk  county,  N.  Y.,  August 
19, 1845.    He  graduated  from  Sheffield  Scientific  School  of  Yale  Uni- 
versity in  1867,  and  remained  there  seven  years  as  instructor  in  engin- 
eering and  mathematics.    In  1874,  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  actuarial 

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Western  ViBeniiA,  Insurance  Supervision  in.  468 

department  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual,  and  in  1876  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  actuarial  work  of  the  company  with  the  title  of  second 
assistant  secretary.  He  was  appointed  assistant  secretary  in  1878»  and 
actuary  in  1881.  During  his  connection  with  the  company,  Mr.  Wells 
has  prepared  and  published  its  mortality  experience. 

Western  Factory  Insaranee  Association  of  Chicago,  was  com- 
IKMed  in  1892  of  the  following  companies:  American  Fire,  Conti- 
nental, German-American,  Greenwich,  Niagara  Fire,  and  Phenix  of 
New  York,  Insurance  Company  of  North  America  and  Pennsylvania 
Fire  of  Philadelphia,  National  Fire  of  Hartford,  Norwich  Union,  Lan- 
cashire, Michigan  Fbre  and  Marine,  and  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine. 
T.  M.  Luse  was  manager  for  the  combination,  and  was  succeeded  in 
1898  by  B.  A.  Reed  of  New  York.  At  the  annual  meeting,  Eugene 
Harbeck  of  Chicago  was  elected  president  and  G.  W.  Blossom  re- 
elected secretary. 

Western  New  York  Life  Underwriters  Association.  [See  Life 
Underwriters  Association  of  Western  New  York.] 

Western  Assurance  Company  of  Toronto,  Canada,  was  organized 
and  began  business  August  80,  1851.  The  paid-up  capital  of  the  com- 
pany was  increased  in  1898  from  $600,000  to  $1,000,000.  It  transacts 
a  general  fire  and  marine  and  inland  business  throughout  Canada  and 
the  United  States.  The  present  officers  are:  A.  M.  Smith,  president; 
George  A.  Cox,  vice-president;  C.  C.  Foster,  secretary;  and  J.  J. 
Kenney,  managing  director.  The  directors  are:  A.  M.  Smith,  Georee 
A.  Cox.  Hon.  8.  C.  Wood,  G.  R.  R.  Cockbum.  M.  P..  George  Mc- 
Murrich,  Robert  Beaty,  H.  N.  Baird,  W.  R.  Brock,  and  J.  J.  Kenney. 
The  department  managers  in  the  United  States  are:  L.  M.  Tucker, 
manager  of  the  Southern  department,  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  Gteorge  W. 
Hayes,  manager  of  the  Northwestern  department,  Milwaukee,  Wis. ; 
George  J.  Dexter,  manager  of  the  Southwestern  department,  Dallas, 
Tex. ;  H.  T.  Lamey,  manager  of  the  Mountain  department,  Denver, 
Col. ;  Alfred  Jones,  manager  of  the  Pacific  department,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.;  F.  B.  Carpenter,  manager  of  the  New  England  department, 
Boston;  £.  J.  Enowles,  manager  of  the  state  of  New  York,  Albany; 
Delesdemiers,  Cluff  &  Perrin,  managers  for  the  Metropolitan  depart- 
ment. New  York. 

In  December,  1893,  the  proprietors  of  this  company  purchased  the 
control  of  the  British -America  assurance  company  of  Toronto  [see 
British-America]  and  the  business  of  the  two  companies,  while  still 
kept  distinct,  is  practically  in  the  same  hands  in  the  agencies.  The 
business  of  the  United  States  branch  of  the  Western,  in  1892,  was 
as  follows:  premiums  received,  $1,688,228;  gross  income,  |1, 724,524; 
losses  paid,  $1,004,571;  total  disbursements,  $1,589,646.  Amount  at 
risk  December  81,  1892,  $116,018,880.  The  United  SUtes  assets  were 
$1,617,195,  reinsurance  reserve,  $881,066,  and  surplus  over  all  liabilities 
(capital  not  being  considered),  $558,868. 

Western  Union.    [See  Union,  The.] 

West  YiiYlnia,  Insurance  Superyision  in,  1864-1898.  By  act  of 
March  4,  1864,  to  the  auditor  of  the  state  was  assigned  the  duty  of 
supervision  of  insurance.  The  term  of  the  auditor  is  four  years.  The 
omcials  since  March,  1882,  when  the  insurance  law  was  revised,  have 


454  Wisconsin,  Insurance  Supkryision  in 

been  Joseph  B.  Miller,  whose  term  expired  in  1885;  Patrick  F.  Dulfy, 
from  1885  to  1898;  I.  V.  Johnson,  the  present  incumbent,  whose  term 
began  March  4,  1893.  C.  L.  Thompson  is  the  deputy  in  charge  of  in- 
surance matters. 

Whiting,  Charles  B.,  president  of  the  Orient  insurance  company 
of  Hartford,  Conn.,  was  born  and  passed  his  early  years  in  Rensselaer 
County,  N.  Y.  He  began  his  insurance  career  when  he  was  about 
thirty  years  old  in  a  small  town  on  the  Mississippi  River.  In  1860,  he 
returned  to  the  East,  and,  enjoying  the  acquaintance  and  confidence  of 
Mr.  Heald,  who  was  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
National  Board,  was  elected  secretary  of  the  committee,  and  occupied 
that  position  until  May  1,  1870,  when  Mr.  Heald  appointed  him  state 
agent  of  the  Home,  for  New  York.  He  continued  with  this  company 
until  1880,  when,  after  a  few  months'  connection  with  the  Springfield 
Fire  and  Marine,  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  secretary  of  the 
Hartford  Fire.  In  May,  1886,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Orient. 
Mr.  Whiting  is  a  frequent  writer  and  speaker  at  the  meetings  of  fire 
insurance  organizations  upon  the  various  features  of  fire  underwriting. 

Williams,  Abram,  manager  of  the  western  department  of  the  Con- 
necticut Fire  insurance  company,  was  bom  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  in  18S0. 
His  father  dying  when  he  was  but  fourteen  years  old,  he  went  to  the 
city  of  New  York  to  seek  his  fortune.  He  found  it,  beginning  as 
ofilce  boy  in  an  importing  firm,  and  in  twelve  years  rising  to  a  partner- 
ship, and  the  Paris  representative  for  the  house.  Retiring  from  this 
business,  he  removed  to  Dubuque,  la.,  where,  when  serving  as  clerk  of 
the  district  court,  he  entered  the  army  in  1862  as  a  lieutenant  of  cav- 
alry. He  was  mustered  out  with  a  major's  commission.  He  began  a 
local  fire  insurance  agency  at  Dubuque,  entered  the  field  for  the 
Yonkers  and  New  York  Fire,  removed  to  Chicago  in  1869  as  ita  weat- 
ern  manager,  was  western  manager  for  the  Oontmental  of  New  York 
from  1874  to  1884,  when  he  resigned  to  become  manager  for  the  Con- 
necticut Fire.  Major  Williams  was  president  of  the  Fire  Underwriters 
Association  of  the  Northwest  in  1887,  and  is  a  working  member  of  the 
Union,  and  active  in  club,  Masonic,  and  Episcopal  diurch  alEairB  in 
Chicago. 

Wilson,  J.  N.  E.,  insurance  commissioner  of  California,  was  bom 
at  San  Francisco,  December  4,  1856.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  member  of  the 
bar,  and  was  a  practicing  lawyer  in  his  native  city  when  Qov.  Stone- 
man  appointed  him  to  his  present  office  in  1890. 

Winglow,  Ban^  assistant  United  States  manager  of  the  Lancashire, 
was  bom  and  reared  in  Boston.  In  1874  he  b^gan  business  in  the 
office  of  Nelson  Barlow,  of  Barlow's  insurance  surveys,  and  in  1878 

2oined  the  office  force  of  the  Commercial  Union  as  inspector.    In  1893 
le  received  the  appointment  to  his  present  position. 

Wisconsin,  Insnrance  Supervision  in,  1867-1898.    By  chapter 

56,  section  82,  general  laws  of  1867,  the  secretary  of  state  was  commis- 
sioner of  insurance,  ex  officio^  until  the  passage  of  chapter  214,  laws  of 
1878,  creating  the  office  of  commissioner  of  insurance.  The  office  was 
made  elective  by  the  people  by  chapter  800,  laws  of  1881.  The  com- 
missioners who  held  office,  have  been,  since  1878: 


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Wood,  William.  456 

Philip  L.  Spooner,  Jr., April  1, 1878— January  8, 1887. 

PbiUp  Cbeek,  Jr., January  8, 1887— January  5, 1891. 

Wilbur  M.  Boot, January  6, 1891 — 

Mr.  Root,  who  was  re-elected  in  1892,  is  the  present  incumbent. 
Ned  M.  Root  is  the  deputy  commissioner. 

Wisconsin  Life  Insurance  Affentg'  Association  was  organized 
in  Milwaukee  in  June,  1891,  the  first  officers  being:  H.  A.  Kinney, 
president;  Edward  Ferguson  and  W.  W.  Macomber,  vice-presidents, 
and  Harry  8.  Puller,  secretary.  The  present  officers,  who  were  elected 
at  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1893,  are:  D.  £.  Murphy,  president; 
M.  N.  MacLaren,  first  vice-president;  H.  A.  Kinney,  second  vice- 
president;  James  B.  Estee,  secretary;  Capt.  Edward  Ferguson,  treas- 
urer. The  executive  committee  Is  composed  of  T.  H.  Bowles,  C.  E. 
Grain,  W.  B.  Candee. 

Wiseonsin  State  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  is  a  direct 
descendant  of  the  Wisconsin  Fire  Underwriters  Union,  which  was  pre- 
ceded by  the  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Dakota  Fire  Underwriters 
Union,  and  it  by  the  old  State  Board.  The  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
and  Dakota  Fire  Underwriters  Union  was  organized  in  Milwaukee,  in 
pursuance  of  a  call  issued  by  E.  G.  Halle,  Isaac  W.  Holman,  and 
C.  W.  Potter,  for  a  meeting  which  was  held  April  21,  1881.  The 
Union,  thus  started,  began  with  29  members.  The  first  president  was 
E.  G.  Halle,  with  J.  J.  McDonald,  vice-president  for  Minnesota,  and 
C.  W.  Potter,  vice-president  for  Wisconsin.  The  presidents  of  the 
Union  and  its  successor,  the  Board,  have  been  E.  G.  Halle,  1881 ;  C.  W. 
Potter,  1883;  J.  H.  Warner,  1886;  E.  V.  Munn,  1887;  A.  H.  Main. 
1889;  John  McClure,  1892.  The  position  of  secretary  and  treasurer 
has  been  held  by  J.  C.  Griffiths,  three  years,  A.  K.  Murray,  one  year, 
W.  M.  Wright,  four  years,  and  0.  E.  Norbeck,  the  present  incumbent, 
three  years. 

The  Wisconsin  State  Board  is  a  purely  rating  and  supervising 
organization  for  that  state,  holding  monthly  meetings  at  Milwaukee, 
from  which  it  is  in  direct  connection  with  Local  Board  Commission 
No.  8,  of  the  (western)  Union.  About  55  union  and  non-union  com- 
panies are  represented  in  the  board,  all  being  field  men  and  working 
harmoniously  for  the  good  of  all. 

At  the  annual  meeting  at  Oshkosh,  July  12,  1892,  the  following 
officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year:  President,  John  McClure  of 
St.  Paul;  vice-president,  G.  Hebein,  of  Milwaukee;  secretary  and 
treasurer,  C.  E.  Norbeck,  of  La  Crosse.  Executive  committee:  L.  S. 
Tuttleof  Oshkosh;  W.  A.  Chapman  of  Milwaukee;  J.  H.  Warner  of 
Milwaukee;  Philip  Cheek,  Jr.,  of  Baraboo;  W.  L.  Steele,  of  Madison, 
and  Waite  Bliven  of  Chicago. 
^  Wood,  WilHam,  resident  United  States  manager  for  the  Palatine  of 
^^Vinchester,  Eng.,  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1847,  and  studied  law  in  Glas- 

fow.  He  was  clerk  in  the  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  from 
872  to  1877;  with  the  Queen  insurance  company  from  1877  to  1882, 
first  in  the  agency  department,  and  latterly  in  charge  of  the  metro- 
politan district.  In  1882  he  was  appointed  assistant  manager,  and  in 
1884  manager  of  the  United  Fire  insurance  company  of  Manchester, 
which  company  was  absorbed  in  1892  by  the  Palatine.   [See  Palatine.] 


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456     World's  Columbian  Exposition  Insurance  Exhibit. 

World's  Columbian  Exposition  Insurance  Exhibit.  In  Jaly, 
1801.  the  managers  of  the  World's  Fair  to  be  held  in  Chicago  in  1892 
assigned  insurance  to  the  department  of  commerce  and  finance.  The 
division  embracing  fire,  life,  accident,  and  annuity  insurance  was 
placed  under  the  chairmanship  of  Gkorge  F.  Bissell.  The  range  of 
the  exhibit  was  outlined  as  follows* 

I.    In  relation  to  Insurance. 

a.  The  origin  of  the  bosinees  of  insuraoce;  its  historic  development  and  the  natnre 
of  the  insurance  contract. 

b.  The  essential  elements  of  marine  risks;  the  relation  of  the  parties  to  the  con- 
tract of  insarance  and  the  reforms,  if  any,  which  should  be  recommended  in  this  branch 
of  the  insurance  bastness. 

c.  The  essential  elements  of  Are  risks:  the  relation  of  the  partiea  to  the  contract 
of  insurance,  and  the  reforms,  if  any,  wlUch  should  be  recommended  in  tbia  branch  of 
the  insurance  business. 

d.  The  essential  elements  of  life  risks:  the  relation  of  the  parties  to  the  contract 
of  insurance,  and  the  reforma,  if  any,  which  should  be  recommended  in  this  branch  of 
the  insurance  business. 

e.  The  essential  elements  of  accident  risks;  the  relation  of  the  parties  to  the  con- 
tract of  Insurance,  and  the  reforms,  if  any,  which  should  be  recommended  in  thia  branch 
of  the  Insurance  business. 

f .  The  esfH^'ntial  elements  of  annuity  insurance,  and  the  importance  of  eztending 
this  branch  of  insurance  on  grounds  of  public  policy  as  well  as  on  those  of  private 
interest 

g.  Moral  hacards;  the  relation  of  the  personal  character  of  the  insured  to  the  ri^k 
taken  by  the  Insurer;  and  the  practical  safeguards  and  needed  reforms. 

h.  The  essential  principles  of  classification  of  risks,  and  the  rules  by  which  the 
just  premium  for  a  particular  risk  can  be  determined  with  approximate  certainty. 

i.  The  value  of  statistics  and  the  safeguards  against  erroneous  conclusiony  from 
insufficient  data. 

j.  The  effiicts  of  governmental  regulation  and  supervision,  and  the  reforms,  if  any, 
which  should  be  recommended  therein. 

k.  Bxcepted  risks,  the  principles  upon  which  the  various  classes  of  exception  rest, 
and  how  far  the  exclusion  of  particular  risks  by  exception  should  be  regulated  by  law. 

1.  The  ethics  of  Insurance  business  and  the  reforms  which  should  be  recommendcsd 
therein. 

m.  Insurance  organizations;  corporate  powers;  rights;  privileges;  duties  and 
liabilities. 

n.  Criminal  Inrlsprudence  as  related  to  the  principal  crimes  from  which  insurance 
companies  suffer  in  the  prosecution  of  their  business,  and  the  reforms  which  shooid  be 
recommended  therein. 

o.  Insurance  societies,  their  advantages  and  defects,  and  the  means  by  which  their 
utility  may  be  improved. 

p.  The  advantages  that  would  result  In  case  policies  of  marine  or  fire  insurance 
on  personal  proiierty  should  be  made  technically  *' instruments  of  commerce'*  and 
technically  negotiable  with  the  transfer  of  property. 

In  August  the  directors  of  the  exposition  appointed  F.  8.  James. 
R.  A  Waller,  James  H.  Moore,  R.  8.  Critchell,  and  O.  W.  Barrett  of 
Chicago,  a  committee  to  arrange  for  all  necessary  insurance  on  persons 
and  property  for  which  the  exposition  company  is  liable  as  principal  or 
agent.  Frederick  8.  James  was  elected  chairman,  and  O.  W.  Barrett, 
secretary  of  the  committee.  Louis  N.  Geldert  of  Boston  was  appointed 
in  charge  of  the  insurance  exhibit  proposed  to  be  made. 

A  meeting  of  general  and  local  fire  insurance  agents  was  held  in 
Chicago,  April  6, 1892.  to  promote  a  fire  insurance  exhibit  at  the  fair. 
It  was  proposed  to  erect  a  building  at  Jackson  Park  for  the  special 
use  of  the  fire  underwriters.  Robert  J.  Smith  presided,  and  Louis  N. 
Geldert,  who  was  the  originator  of  the  project,  addressed  the  meeting, 
making^  statement  of  what  had  been  done  by  eastern  underwriters  to 
further  the  exhibit  by  subscriptions  towards  the  cost.  A  preliminary 
board  of  management  was  organized,  with  Abram  Williams  of  the 


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Wyoming,  Insttkancb  Supebvision  in.  457 

CoDnecticut  Fire  as  chairman.  Notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  Mr. 
Geldert,  supported  bjr  the  board,  a  sufficient  amount  of  money  to  pay 
the  cost  of  the  exhibit  was  not  subscribed,  and  later  in  the  year  the 
enterprise  was  abandoned. 


AT,  Alexander  H.,  assistant  United  States  manager  of  the  Com- 
mercial Union  assurance  company  of  London,  was  bom  in  New  Toik 
city  in  November,  1844,  and  at  the  age  of  16  years  began  his  business 
career  as  a  bank  clerk  there.  From  1865  to  1866  he  was  in  the  military 
service,  and  went  to  Virginia  to  engage  in  the  lumbering  business  the 
latter  year.  In  1867-68  he  was  assistant  inspector-general  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  in  February,  1869,  entered  the  office  of  the  Star 
Fire  insurance  company  as  application  clerk.  He  was  appointed  sec- 
retary of  the  Northern  of  Watertown  in  1874,  and.  on  the  re-insuring 
of  that  company  in  1881,  entered  the  field  as  an  independent  adjuster. 
From  1888,  was  general  agent  of  the  Commercial  Union  for  New  Eng- 
land, until,  on  May  1,  1889,  he  was  appointed  assistant  manager. 

Wiight,  Andrew  J.,  president  of  the  Springfield  Fire  and  Marine 
insurance  company,  was  born  at  Enfield,  Conn.,  June  8, 1842.  He 
entered  the  office  of  the  company  as  bookkeeper  in  1864,  and  was 
elected  treasurer  in  1872.  In  1890  he  was  elected  vice-president,  and 
in  1891  succeeded  Mr.  Dunham  as  president.  Mr.  Wright  served  in 
the  46th  Massachusetts  regiment  during  the  war. 

^^pJMght,  William  A.,  comptroller-general  and  insurance  commis- 
sioner of  Georgia,  is  a  native  of  Louisville,  in  that  state,  where  he  was 
born,  January  19,  1844.  On  the  impeachment  and  removal  of  Comp- 
troller-General Goldsmith  in  1879,  Mr.  Wright  was  appointed  to  fill  the 
vacancy.  He  was  elected  to  fill  a  full  term  in  1880,  and  since  then  has 
been  biennially  re-elected  by  the  people. 

Wyoming,  Insarance  SaperYision  in,  1877-1898.  In  Wyomine 
the  first  insurance  le^lation,  by  act  of  December  18,  1877,  placed 
the  duties  of  supervision  with  the  territorial  auditor.  The  succession 
of  auditors  was: 

Jamee  France,  December  18, 1877— January  4, 1880. 

J.  H.  Naaon,  .  .  January      4, 1880— March  81,1882. 

JeMse  Knight,  April  1, 1882-March  81,1884. 

Under  a  law  approved  March  6, 1884,  the  office  of  insurance  com- 
missioner was  established,  and  J.  B.  Adams  was  insuranpe  commis- 
sioner from  April  1,  1884,  to  March  81, 1888.  Under  the  law  of  March 
8,  1888,  the  office  of  insurance  commissioner  was  discontinued,  and 
the  terrilorial  auditor  was  made  ex  officio  insurance  commissioner.  The 
officials  under  this  law  have  been: 

M.  N.  Grant,  March         8, 1888— Novemher  8, 1800. 

C.  W.  Burdick,       .  .  .       November  9, 180O- 

Mr.  Burdick  is  the  present  incumbent  of  the  office.  The  territory 
became  a  state  under  act  of  Congress  July  11,  1890.  C.  F.  Putnam  is 
the  deputy  of  the  department. 


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APPENDIX. 


STATISTICAL   TABLES 

EXHIBITING .  THE    CONDITION    JANUARY    1.    1893,    AND 

THE   TRANSACTIONS   IN   1892  OF  INSURANCE 

COMPANIES    DOING    BUSINESS    IN 

THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Compiled  from  ike  Official  Beports. 


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DlBSCTOBT  or  COMPANIBB,  FiRB. 


505 


DIREOTOET 

FOB  THB 

FIRB  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  COMPANIES  TRANSACTING 
BUSINESS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


ALABAMA. 

JtAfil  Stock  Cfompanies. 
Capital  City.. 


1871 

1866  Central  Cli 

1876  Comm( 

1870  Factors  and  Traders, 

1^0  Home  Protection  of  North  Alabama,. 

1866  Planters  and  Merchants, 

1866  Stonewall, 


Montgomery, 

Selma, 

Montgomery, 

Mobile, 

Hantsville, 

Mobile, 

Mobile, 


E.  B.  Joseph, 
Daniel  Partridge, 
M.  P.  LeGrand, 
William  H.  Ross, 
Wm.  P.  Newman, 
L.  Brewer, 
Wm.  J.  Hearin, 


CALIFORNIA. 

Joint  Stock  Company. 

1868  Firemans  Fond, 

1854  Home  Mutual, 

1880' Oakland  Home, 

1871  State  Investment  and  Insuraace, . 
1882|Sun, 

COLORADO. 
Joint  Stock  Company, 

$  Denver, 

Mutual  Company. 
18S^  German  Mutual, 

CONNECTICUT. 
Joint  Stock  OompaniM. 

1819  .Etna, 

IB.'jO  Connecticut  Fire, 

IKIO  Hartford  Fire, 

1»39  National  Fire, 

l«t.9  Norwalk  Fire, 

181)7  Orient, 

1H&4  Phoenix, 

1841  Security, 


San  Francisco,  D.  J.  Staples, 
San  Francisco,  (?has.  R.  Story, 
: Oakland,  Wm.  P.  Jones, 

San  Francisco,  G.  L.  Brandcr, 
San  Francisco,  C.  L.  Taylor, 


Denver, 
Denver, 


Hartford, 
Hartford, 
Hartford, 
Hartford, 
Norwalk, 
Hartford, 
Hartford, 
New  Haven, 


Mutwil  CotniHtnks. 

18.T0  Danbury  Mutual  Fins 

i 85 l!Furmor8  Mutual  Fins 

18GD 
1831 
1856 


Kairmiu^tou  Valley  Mutual  Fiiv, 

Grctrnwich  Mutual  Fin-, 

Hiirtford  County  Mutual  Firu,. . 
Harwlnton  Mutual  Fire, 


18S3lLitcbfleld  Mutual  Fire, . 


.  Dmibury, 
.  Snmi!l«l, 
.  l*'arnjiii^^on, 
.  Cint'iiwk'h, 
.  UartfonI, 
,  Harwinton, 
.Litchfield, 


Chas.  D.  Cobb, 
Conrad  Walbrach, 


Wm.  B.  Clark, 
John  D.  Browne, 
George  L.  Chase, 
James  Nichols, 
Jeffrey  Beavan, 
Chas.  B.  Whiting, 
D.  W.  C.  Skilton, 
Charles  S.  Lecte, 


F.  S.  Wildinan, 
Nelson  N.  Kiu^, 
Kdward  Norton, 
Amus  M.  BruKli, 
Wni.  E.  Sugdcn, 
Albert  G.  Wilson, 


S.  A.  Bllsbury. 
E.  A.  Jones. 
Millard  M.  Sweatt. 
Wm.  A.  Buck. 
Henry  B.  Dillard. 
John  Gaillard. 
John  Gaillard. 


B.  Faymonville. 
Stephen  D.  Ives. 
Wm.  F.  Blood. 
Chas.  H.  Cushing. 
Wm.  H.  Friend. 


F.  A.  Thompson. 
Charles  Enoch. 


James  F.  DudUv. 
Charles  R.  Burl.' 
P.  C.  Koyce. 
E.  Q.  Richards. 
Geo.  R.  Cowles. 
James  U.  Taint-or. 
Geo.  H.  Burdlck. 
U.  Masou. 


Jas.  B.  Wilduiaii. 
W.  E.  Burbaiik. 
Ulchanl  H.  Gay. 
John  Dayton. 
Wm.  A.  Erving. 
Marvin  Pierce. 


iChas.  B.  Andrews,  H.  W.  Wcssellp. 


506 


DiRSCTORT  OF  COMPAIOBB,   FiBX. 


Name  of  Company. 


1866 
1886 

i;v4 

IMO 
1H88 
1H69 
186' 
IftiK 
1H61 
1836 


Connecticut  MutwU  CoU.— Continued. 

Madison  Mntoal  Fire East  RItw, 

Middleaez  Matoal Middletown, 

Motna], Norwich, 

New  London  County  Mutual  Fire, Norwich, 

Patrona  Mutual  Fire, Hartford, 

Rockville  Mutual  ComiMUiy, Rockvllle, 

State  Mutual  Fire .Hartford, 

Tolland  County  Mutual  Fire Tolland, 

Washln^n  Mutual  Fire, Washington, 

Windhui  County  Mutual  Fire, Brooklyn, 


DELAWARE. 


Mutual  Companies. 

lfM9  (^ADtwell  Mutual Odessa, 

1877  Delaware  State  Uranec  Mutual  Fire, Canidcn, 

1H89  Fannem  Mut,  Fire  or  Mill  Crei'k  Huml.,  HockenRin, 

1868  Farmers  Mutual  Fire, Wilmington,* 

1S47' Kent  County  Mutual  Fire,  Dover, 

1819  New  Caatle  County  Mutual, ,  Wilmington, 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 
Joint  Stock  Companiee. 

1872  Arlington  Fire, Washington, 

1881  Columbia  Fire, Washington, 

1873  O>reoran  Fire, Washington, 

1H87  Firemene, Washington, 

1818<Franklin Washington, 

1878  Qerman-American  Fire, ;Washington, 

1890  Lincoln, Washington, 

1870  National  Metro)K>1i(uii  Fire, Washington, 

1865  National  Uniou  Fire, Washington, 

1889'I*eoplǤ  Fire, Washington, 

1831  Potomac, Georgetown, 

]883{  RiggB  Flro, ,  Washington, 

Mutual  OomiHitties. 

1865  Mutual  Fire Washington, 

1876  Mutual  Protection  Fire Washington, 

GEORGIA.  I 

Joint  Stock  Companies.  I 

1882  Atlanta  Home, Atlanta, 

lH5'J.Ge<)rgia  Home, Columbus, 

1886  Macon  Fire, Macon, 

1886  United  Underwriters, Atlanta, 

Mutual  Companies. 

1887  Manufacturers  Mutual  Fire, Augusta, 

1847  Southern  Mutual  Fire, j  Athens, 


ILLINOIS. 
Joint  Stock  Comixtnlea. 
Fireroens., 


l867Fireraen8., Chicago, 

1874'Fore8t  City Rockford, 

1865  German, Freeport, 

1869,German Quincy, 

1876  German  Fire, Peoria, 

1867  RtKkf ord, Rockford, 

1866lTrader8, IChicago, 


J.  N.  Chittenden, 
O.  yincent  Coffin, 

BLFVpitf-ker,' 
G.  Austin  Bowen, 
Wm.  H.  Pmcott 
iRalph  GlUett, 
'Wm.  D.  Hohnan, 
C.  H.  Maaon, 
David  Greensllt, 

I 


John  C.  Corbit, 
B.  H.  Bancroft, 
George  Clair. 
Wm.  T.  Porter, 
James  Ponder, 
William  Canby, 


Walter  8.  Cox, 
HeniT  A,  Willanl, 
Charles  A.  James, 
Albert  A.  Wilson, 
Daniel  B.  Clark, 
Geo.  F.  Schafcr, 
John  T.  Arms, 
Edward  Clark, 
Henry  O.  Towles, 
John  T.  Slater, 
Henry  M.  Sweeny, 
M.  W.  Beveridgc, 


Secretary. 


IS.  H.  Chittenden. 
IC.  W.  Harris. 
lAaa  Backus. 
\j.  F.  wmiams . 
'Charles  E.  Bacott. 
A.  T.  BiflBeU. 
Isaac  Cross,  Jr. 
Bdwaid  E.  Fnlkf . 
S.  J.  Logan. 
Jamea  S.  Palmct. 


Joseph  G.  Broirn. 
G.  IL  Gllderslevi . 
;T.  L.J.Baldinb 
Wm.  A.  LaMotTe. 
Iwilliam  Deoney. 
iMark  M.  CieaTfr. 


F.  F.  Rawlin::^. 
Henry  K.  Willanl, 
C.  McClelhunl. 
C.  W.  Hofward. 
W.  P.  Boteler. 
H.  H.  BcrKmann. 
Frank  H.  Barhant 
Samael  Cross. 
I  Noble  D.  Larm-r 
Henry  K.  Simp^ia 
iMayhew  PUuy. 
iF*ranciB  B.  Mohns 


Jesse  B.  Wilson,      J.  Wesley  Bou  ler. 
Wm.  Ballantyne,    jJames  E.  F^trb. 


:  Robert  Lowry, 
J.  Rhodes  Brown, 
is.  S.  Dunlap, 
Joel  Hurt, 


.James  P.  Verdery, 
Y.  L.  G.  Harris, 


Geo.  F.  Harding,  John  L.  Skelton 

Gilbert  Woodruff,  A.  H.  Sherrait. 

C.  O.  CoUman,  WlllkuaiTranbor 
F.W.Heckenkamp,  J.  H.  Baateit. 

B.  Cremer,  .Theo.  J.  Mailer 

;John  Lake,  Chaa.  K.  Shekk'U. 

l£.  Buckingham,  |R.  J.  Smith. 


Joel  Hurt. 
William  C.  Omrt. 
E^^  8.  Wibm.. 
J.  B.  Nntfting. 


Thoa.  B.  StJiffori 
Stevens  Thomsf. 


DiRBGTORY  OP  COMPANIES,   FlRB. 


507 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President 


Secretary. 


lUinoU  Mutual  Companies. 

881  Abington, 

874  Adama^ 

880AddiiJO!i 

874AIden 

K74  Algonqnin, 

874  Allen  and  Otter  Creek, 

87?  Appanoose  and  Sonora, 

8H9  Associated  MannfactarerB, 

882  Assumption  Township, 

865  Bartington, 

875  Barry  Farmers, 

889  Belle  Prairie, 

883  Belleville, 

876  Belvidero  Fire  and  Lightning, 

875;  Berlin 

81)3  Big  Rock  Fire  and  Lightning, 

«82  Biabop, 

875  Bloomington, 

WOBreese,  Clinton  County, 

887  Brenton  andPcIla  Fire  and  Lightning,.. 

873{  BrookvlUe, 

867  Buckeye, 

I874!BuJralo, 

iK75i  Bureau  County  and  Wyanet, 

1873IBurritt  Farmcra 

1887|Cambridge, 

!8T7|Camp  Point  Farmers, 

882Carlyle. 

890  Charleston,  Coles  Co.  Grange, 

87J  (  hesterfleld, 

876  Clinton, 

875iCoe  and  Zuma, 

H73:Coral  and  Riley, 

881  Crete  Farmers, 

aOl'Dallas  Farmers 

IKJOlDanvers, 

880  Decatur, 

875  Delavan, 

890  Denver 

887Derinda, 

802  Des  Plaines  and  Cook  Co., 

880  Dix  Fire  and  Lightning 

867  Downer's  Grove  Farmers, 

872  Dundee, 

882  Dunham  and  Chemung  Township, 

874  Durand  Farmers, 

87a  Eagle  Point, 

\m  Earl 

m^-i  Edwaidsvillc, 

1*5  Ela, 

1H79  Elgin,  8t  Charles,  Coinpton,  and  Plato, 

1874  ElPington  and  Riverside, t 

1886  Eppaid'B  Point, 

l87^,Eiireka  Farmers, 

1884  Evans  Township  Farmers, 

1879  Fairview  Township, 

188<5  Fanners,  Albion  County, 

l«91.Kamiers, 

1876  Farmers  Aid  Association, 

1876  Farmers  of  Elmira 

l892,Farraer8  and  Grange, 


Seaton, 

Leiand, 

'Addison, 

'Alden, 

,Cary  Station, 

Sunrise, 

iPowellton, 

jMoline, 

Assumption, 

Barrington, 

Barry, 

Falrbnrg, 

Belleville, 

Belvidere, 

Dover, 

Big  Rock,   - 

Dieterich, 

Randolph, 

Breese, 

Piper  City, 

Polo, 

CedarviUe, 

Polo, 

iWyanet, 

Rockford, 

Cambridge, 

('amp  Point, 

ICarlyle, 

JDiona, 

]Chestcrfleld, 

Clinton, 

Tort  Byron, 

•Coral, 

Crete, 

Dallas  City, 

Dan  vers, 

Oakley, 

Delavan, 

Wakefield, 

Derinda, 

Des  PlaincB, 

Elliott, 

Lace. 

Dundee, 

Harvard, 

Durand, 

Eagle  Point, 

Earlville, 

lEdwardsville, 

Lake  Zurich, 

.Lafox, 

Quincy, 

Ocoya, 

Brimfleld, 

Wenona, 

Fairview, 

Albion, 

Dundee, 

Virden, 

Kewanee, 

lAlta, 


George  Seaton, 
Robert  Rumney, 
Francis  Stoehlke, 
W.  H.  Grocsbeck, 
G.  S.  Frary, 
Nath'l  Mclntyrei 
John  C.  Brown, 
Wm.  C.  Bennett, 
Wade  F.  Johnson, 
G.  W.  Waterman, 
J.  W.  Hart, 
Philip  J.  Decker, 
Augustus  Chenot, 
George  Reed, 
W.  L.  Isaac, 
L.  Benjamin, 
Frederick  Garbe, 
Sylvester  Peasley, 
Henry  Hagen, 
L.  T.  Bishop, 
Wm.  T.  Porter, 
Wm.  H.  Bamds, 
£.  D.  Huggans, 
W.  J.  Trimble, 
Robert  Oliver, 
James  Pollock, 
John  S.  Seaton, 
Jesse  Jones, 
A.  J.  Newman,* 
John  J.  Leach, 
Wm.  B.  Rundle, 
J.  H.  Marshall, 
Emroett  J.  Wilcox, 
Chris,  Scheivre, 
R.  H.  Kirby, 
P.  H.  Vance, 
Joshua  Green, 
P.  E.  Ripper. 
Seth  W.  <5ard, 
William  Skene, 


J.  M.  Candor. 
A.  A.  Clove. 
Otto  A.  Fisher. 
C.  L.  Kingsley, 
L.  P.  Smith. 
Jas.  W.  Stevenson. 
8.  V.  Elliott. 
H.  C.  Cleaveland. 
James  Branyan. 
J.  W.  Kingsley. 
E.  Whittleton. 
James  H.  Howath. 
Ida  Fietaam. 
Henry  W.  Avery. 
G.  F.  Carter. 
A.  W.  Chapman. 
Gerhard  Siefken. 
A.  B.  Stewart. 
Henry  Detmer. 
H.  8.  Carpenter. 
Ambrose  Sanborn. 
Henry  Richart. 
J.  C.  Lawrence. 
Elmer  Sapp. 
John  McPherron. 
Henry  White. 
IWm.  H.  DeGroot, 
H.  H.  Beckemeyer. 
JAlbert  Hutton. 
:L.  F.  Corgan. 
iWm.  B.  Barnt'tt. 
[Hugh  McCall. 

'  J!  W.'  Diersen. 
S.  T.  Layton.    ^ 
John  S.  Popple. 
S.  P.  Nickey. 
Henry  P.  Jones. 
W.  H.  Davis. 
MarcuB  A.  Gousc. 


John  Ricliardson, 
J.  Lehmann,  Jr., 
E.  G.  Ketcham, 
J.  W.  Stevenson, 
A.  J.  Bamingham, 
Wm.  Donaldson, 
R.  H.  Walker,  Sr., 


Henry  Berghom, 
Thomas  W.  Teft, 
B.  Sigsbee, 
JohnKltoe, 
E.  Tucker, 
Geo.  W.  Hoge, 
James  Davis, 
John  T.  Woods, 
E.  G.  Katchnm, 
J.  P.  Henderson, 
Robert  Grieve, 
H.  Harlan, 


B.  F.  Holder. 
Fred.  Andcrmann. 
Charles  P.  Todd. 
J.  O.  Lewis. 
8.  Monteith. 
Henry  Elscy. 
Ralph  H.  Walker. 


D.  Huntington. 
Edw.  E.  Garfield. 
R.  W.  Putnam. 
N.  J.  Mycr, 
G.  L.  weatherwax. 
John  Downey. 
R.  S.  Vorhees. 
William  Runcie. 
C.  Todd. 
C.  H.  Cogswell. 
James  Haswell. 
I.  J.  Case, 


*  Actuary.       t  Formerly  known  as  the  Slllngtou  Farmers  Hatual  Fire.  ^  t 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


508 


DiRKCTOBY  OF  COMFABIBS,  FiRE. 


O   I 


Name  of  Company. 


I      Location.      ! 


PKBident. 


Secretan. 


■      lUinoii  Mutual  Oo't.-OorUinued.      \ 
18T7  Farmers  of  Haaon  County, 

1874  Pannen  of  Alhambra, 

ia<>8  Pannen  of  Bloom, •. 

1809  Fanners  of  Bradford, 

1866  Fanners  of  Palmyra 

ISrsPannereof  T.6.R.7  W 

1875  Fanners,  Lockport,  Plaini1cld,dk  DniMMi^\ 

1889  Pannen  of  Wayne  County, 

1879  Pannen  of  Tcutopolls, 

1874  Pannera  of  Guilford, 

1875  Farmen  of  Kewanee, 

1887  Farmen  of  Walnut, 

1874  Farmen  Pioneer  of  Bucicley, 

1878  Farmen  of  Malta, 

1876  Farmington  Pormcn«, 

1874  Farm  Mdge  and  Deer  Park, 

1873  Forest  Farmen, 

1877  Forreston, 

1877  Franklin  Farmen. 

187^  Friendly  Aid,  Rutland  &  ManliuM  Miller, 

1875  Friendship  of  Mount  Camiel, 

1874  Garden  Plain, 

1874  Geneseo,  Edford.  and  Munson, 

1884  German  Banner  Townifihip, 

18;'2  Germania  of  Morrisonville, i 

1867  German, 

1887  German  Township, 

1888,Germantown  Township 

1875  QilleBDle  Farmers, 

1876|Grand  Rapids,  Brookfleld,  antl  Full  River 

Home, 

1889|Grant  Township, 


Bishop;. 

Alhamora, 

Glenwood, 

Franklin  Qrove, 

Dixon, 

Uamell, 

Lockport, 

Fairfield. 

Teutonolls, 

Rockford, 

Kewanee, 

Walnut. 

Thawvllle, 

Malta. 

Fanmngion, 

Grand  Ridge, 

Poreat, 

Forreston, 

Franklin, 

Marseilles, 

Mount  Carmel, 

Garden  Plain, 

Geneseo, 

Shumway, 

Morrisonville, 

Chicago, 

Strlngtown, 

Germantown, 

Gillespie, 


180« 
1870 
1875 
1873 


1H»4 
189:2 
1890 


Green  Garden  Farmen,. . 

Griggsville  Famiors, 

llamlet, 

Hanover  and  Wayne, . . . , 
Harvard  Windstorm,. . . , 


1890 
1875 
1874 
1877 
1876 
1888 


Harmony, 

Helvetia  Township 

Hillsboro  Farmen, 

Home  Township, 

Horse  Prairie.* 

mini  Township, 

Independent  Farmers  Aid, 

Industry  County, 

Jacksonville  Fanncre, 

JerseyvilUe  County, 

18()H|  Kendall  Township, 

18S5  Kingston  County, • 

1875  Knoxville  Farmers, 

187-1  La  Prairie  Township, 

1890  Lawrcnceville. 

1875'lA'af  River  and  Rockvalc  Funners,. 
1875  lx'wij»town  Township, 

Liucolu  Home, 

Linroln,  I^ogaii  County  FaruieiH,.. 

LikU!  aud  Milton, 

Lij*le, 

Lorun  TownHhip, 

LiiuilK'rinens. 

Lynnvillc  mid  Munrue, 

Magnolia  Township, 

Maine, 


lHfi7 
18.S7 
1893 
1H6H 
1879 
1889 
1873 
1874 
1875 


J.  M.  McSeynoldfl,  E.  J.  Bowwr. 
Henry  Stalling,       J.  T.  Welkenan*. 
;W.J.McEldowiiey,  Clark  Wolbr**. 
'Ira  Brewer,  jSamael  l^^an. 

John  L.  Lord,  Ellwood  uughni:. 

illcniy  Steinman,     Emet  &^be. 
J.  D.  Hahn!  [J.H.Alexander. 

J.  B.  Shaeffer,        ,A.  M.  EUiotL 
John  F.  Hattrap,    JB.  H.  Wc^l^il^:. 
Renbcai  Sovereign,  JA.  J.  Sweaey. 
Nath'l  W.  TibbritB„Levi  Nonh. 
Orson  L.  Bcarss,      S.  M.  OakfonL 
H.  B,  Booth,  IC.  W.  6pfra£iic. 

M.  C.  Dedrick,        C.  W.  Haish. 
T.  Montgomery,      John  8.  Smith. 
Timothy  R  Johns, IRobert  M.  Antrain 
Springer  Dixon,      [Henry  H.  WatMm. 


Amoe  Yordy, 
James  L.  Spirea, 
J.  K.  Spencer, 
.Mark  L.  Tilton, 
D.  J.  Parker, 
Q.  H.  Schroder, 


)Jotm  Lenta. 

L.  O.  Benyman 
E.  P.  BosKTonb. 
'S.  R.  Pntnam. 
J.  M.  Eaton. 
IJohn  P.  Fox. 


Henry  Helebrraer,  [John  Klein. 
I  Fred.  Schmidt,       i  Fred.  Bertxnan. 
Mathlas  Schmltz,   jjoaeph  H.  Em^ 
^       "• '  "  "  Anthony  Roth. 

Theodore  TSmprr. 

E.  T.  Rice. 


Ottawa, 
Hooperaton, 
Frankfort, 
Perry, 
Uamlet, 
lElgin, 
Harvard, 
Denver, 
Highland, 
Hillsborough, 
Bonfield, 
Red  Bud. 
iWarreusoorg, 
Serena, 
Industry, 
iJacksonvillc, 
iJerseyville, 
Yorkville, 
Kingston, 
Galesburg, 
Sparland, 
Sumner, 
I^eaf  River, 
I^ewistown, 
Maryland  Sttu, 
Lincoln, 
NaptTviilc, 
LiKle, 

I  Yellow  CrtH?k, 
('hie«j,'o, 
Monroe  Centre, 
Mt.  Palatine, 
DesPIaincB, 


Benedlkt  Zuber, 
Frederick  Becker, 
S.  J.  WUliams, 

Wm.  R  Lewis, 

C.  Ncwbum, 
Henry  Staseen, 
Jobe  Clark, 
,D.  A.  Clarke, 
J.  C.  Pierce, 
;C.  L.  Eingsley, 
G.  W.  Shfnkle, 
August  Iberg, 
Geo.  D.  Taylor, 
Geo.  M.  Wagner, 

I  Henry  Eggerding, 
J.  A.  Conely, 
'John  Miller, 
!J.  T.  Kinkade, 
;Wm.  l^attcnon, 

D.  E.  Beatty, 
S.  G.  Minkler, 
Henry  Wood, 
J.  G.  Eiker, 
Richard  Davidson, 
A.  F.  Conrad, 
Jos.  S.  Mycn, 
■John  Prickelt, 

I ? 

('.  W.  Spitly, 
Silvettter  A.Batlon, 
Klijali  Root, 
D.  C.  I^nib, 
M.  T.  Green, 
Wm.  F.  Perry, 
George  Gregory, 
John  C. " 


D.  D.  Center. 
W.  B.  McFarLu^! 
Henry  Esch. 
Wm.  H.  Wifei** 
Kenry  KeUle. 
Henry  Schramu 
J.  O.  Lewis. 

J.  Wilson. 
Engene  L.  Holur: 
A.T.  Strange. 
Amoe  M.  Ueru. 
Conrad  V<»pw^ 

E.  J.  Roberta. 
H.  Bowcn. 

W.  D.  BotrhHt 
B.  R  Upbani. 
Jett  A.  KirbT. 
Robert  O.  Liitd 
A.  N.  WyllT^, 
J.  Hamilton. 
Henry  Man^balL 
James  Eaton. 
J.  B.  BertolH. 
William  Bojd 
Isaac  NewcocKi. 
T.  II.  SU>kt3>. 
V\  A.  Diet«-r. 
;Wm.  B.  IJrvia. 
jj.  J.  i:ro«ii*i" 
T.  R.  Gilpin. 
S.  D.  Tyler. 
Abel  Mills. 
Henry  C.  ScijIh 


•  Formerly  known  as  the  Union  Fire  Aid. 


Directory  of  Compaioes,  Firb. 


50d 


Name  of  Company. 


1874 
W4 
1881 
1889 

1855 


-Continued. 


lUinoU  Mutual  Go's. 

Manchester  Township^ 

Manteno, 

Manufacturcre  and  Merchants 

Marshall,* 

Millbum, 

ISTTiMillers, 

l8e9;Mlller8  National • 

1875lMendota,  Troy  Grove,  and  Clarion, 
IHW  MIlo.  Indlantown,  and  Whcutland, 
tH80,Mi88t9Bippi  Valley  Manufacturers, . 

l89l|Moline 

876'Monrooath  Farmers, 

I891|Mo8quito  Township, 

....  Mount  Carroll  County, 

1888  Mount  Carroll  Township, 

1^73  Mount  Pleasant, 

1877  Mount  Sterling, 

1888  Mnrphvsboro  Connty, 

873  Mutual  Fire  of  Massac  County, 

S86  Mutual  Union, Moline, 

1879  Naperrille  Township, Napcrville, 

877  Nashua  Township, Ashton, 

879  Nebraska, Dana, 

«73  Neponset  and  Macon, Neponset, 


Tjoratlon. 


Pn^sldent. 


1874  New  Lenox, New  Lenox, 

866  New  MInden, New  Mlnden, 

1J«<)  Newton, Newton, 

iST6  Nokomis  Farmers, Nokomis, 

1883  Northlleld  Township  Farniern, Oak  Glen, 

874  North  Palmyra, Modesto, 

873  Northville, Sandwich, 

H75  Northwestern, ^Upper  Alton, 

888  Northwestern, Kock  Island, 

I8r3  Nunda  County, Nnnda, 

1874  Ohio  Township, 'Ohio, 


Beloit,  Andrew  Blake, 

Manteno.  J.  F.  Schmeltzer, 

Rockford,  Henry  W.  Price, 

Marshall,  J.  J.  Meehllng, 

Millbum,  John  K.  Pollock, 

Alton,  ;d.  R.  Sparks, 

Chicago,  C.  H.  Seybt, 

Mcndota,  J.  L.  Jacoby, 

Tiskilwa,  Robert  Hunter, 

Hock  Island,      J.  S.  Keator, 
Moline,  A.  P.  Lundqnist, 

Monmouth,  ....  J.  R.  Bamett, 
Blue  Mound,       C.  J.  Yamell, 
Mount  Carroll,   Elijah  Bailey, 
Mount  Carroll,    A.  T.  Dnnsbce, 
Morrison,  S.  R.  Hall, 

Mount  Sterling,  George  W.  Fry, 

Murphyslwro,     J.  C.  Hughes, 

. . . .  Metropolis  City,  F.  H.  Meyer, 
"'  "  Charles  H.  Deore, 

S.  B.  Shimp, 
{Lorenzo  Bissell, 
Hamon  Bearson, 
W.  H.  Gould, 
A.  Allen  Francis, 


Holder, 
Orion, 
Ottawa, 
Rugby, 


1874  Old  Town, 

1876  Osco  and  Western, 
1^)  Ottawa  Township, 

l875iOwego 

1HS7  Pacilc, Alton/' 

1874  Patrons, Stanford, 

SSrpawPaw, Hollo, 

874 Payson  Farmers, IPayson, 

187.5  Peoria  County  Qrangi', Alta, 

1872'Peotone  Township, ! Peotone, 

878  Peru  Farmers, 'Peru, 

18.nj  Pesotum  Township, Pesotum, 

t8»o:Pinckneyville  County, IPlnckneyvIlle, 

1876  inttsfleld  Farmers  County, PIttsfleld, 

1892  Pontiac  County, Ipontlac, 

l*a  Prairie  Township, Elvaston, 

IK76  Prophetstown  Farmer, Prophetstown, 

. "-«  « *»—  Hyde  Park, 

Bremen,  , 

Ancona, 

Ashley, 

New  Windsor, 


1876  Protection,. 

1H69  Randolph, 

1892  lieading  Township^ 

ISiWRIchview, 

l877RlvolI  Farmers .   . 

1875  lioanoke, Secor, 

1874! Hock  Creek, 1  Lanark, 

l87aiRockford  Swedish, iRockford, 


♦  Formerly  known  as  the  Darwin  Townwhlp  Mutual  Fire. 


M.  McMnrray, 
Jacob  Haller, 
Jacob  Fritsch, 
A,  P.  Landreth, 
J.  M.  Fox, 
A.  H.  Hastings, 
J.  S.  Keator, 
W.  H.  Huffman, 
Sterling  Pomeroy, 
Edward  Coole, 
O.  B.  Wright, 
P.  C.  Watte, 

C.  H.  Tuesburg, 
M.  H.  Topping, 
G.  B.  Larison, 
F.  M.  Paine, 

A.  T.  Cook, 
John  Holmc$<,  Sr., 

D.  L.  Christian, 
O.  T.  Collins, 

B.  Gardiner, 
Wm.  H.  Smith, 

E.  M.  Seelor, 
£11  I>earson, 
Wm.  A.  Moore, 
William  Hill, 
Geo.  W.  Powell, 
D.  Heitman, 
John  W.  Mills, 
J.  R.  Tate, 

A.  P.  Petrie, 
A.  H.  Brubaker, 
Wm.  HallowcU, 
John  Brlander, 


Secretary. 


M.  E.  Hinklcy. 

B.  G.  Lee. 
Geo.  8.  Roper. 
J.  F.  Hauefseu. 
J.  A.  Thain. 

A.  R.  McKenney. 
W.  L.  Bamum. 
John  Ferguson. 
H.  H.  Allen. 
Wm.  H.  Ferguson. 
John  Hockerson. 

C.  M.  Young. 
F.  H.  Henshle. 

C.  F.  Hostteter. 
W.  J.  Hay. 

D.  C.  McAllister. 
Thomas  J.  Clark. 
Ed.  Worthen. 

F.  W.  Hinners. 
H.  C.  Cleaveland. 
Francis  Granger. 
D.  G.  Shottenkirk. 
!F.  Smith. 
|G,  Tlbbetts. 
Abel  Bliss. 
C.  L.  Winte. 
R.  H.  Vandorhoff. 
F.  McNaughton. 
F.  N.  Hoflfman. 
R.  T.  AUyn. 
Robert  J.  Dickson. 
Edward  Rogers. 
W.  B.  Ferguson. 
Robert  Andrews. 
J.  H.  Bowlus. 
John  D.  Rowley. 
William  Love. 
Clarence  Grigg. 
J.  W.  Klyver. 
Henry  G.  M.  Pike. 
M.  Gerbrick. 
James  Harper. 
Horace  Bernard, 
I.  J.  Case. 
I  Frank  R.  Jones. 
■T.  A.  Pottlnj^ir. 
Wendell  Rein  hart. 
Fred.  Ahlers. 
W.  H.  Johnston. 
Wm.  M.  Snyder. 
Hiram  Ingersoll. 
Gilbert  Rogers. 
Frank  L.  Bellows. 
William  El)ers. 
John  C.  Hepler. 
C.  L.  White. 
J.  W.  Peterson. 
C.  M.  Stephenson. 
H.  S.  Dresbach. 
John  J.  Rydberg. 


Digitized  by 


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610 


DiRBOTOBY   OF  COMPANtliB,  FiRB. 


l! 


Name  of  ComiMiiy. 


Location. 


Preddent. 


Secretary. 


JUinois  Mutual  Go's.- Continued. 

1868:  Rock  Run 

1875  Rofleileld  Farmen, 

lH89Roee  Townahip  Farmers^ 

1879'Rural  Townahlp  Farmera, 

1887  Scott  and  Marion, 

1888  Sigel  Townahip 

1874  Somonauk, 

188S  South  Litchfield  German  Towiuthip, . . 

1892  Springfield 

1888  Slate,  . 


1886  Staunton  Township, 

1875 Stockton  and  Wards  Grove,.. 

1868  Svea  Protective, 

1890  TeatopoliB  and  St.  Francis, . , 
iSrr  Thompson  and  Guilford, .... 
1880  Township  of  Sparta, 

1 869  Union  Mutual 

1874'Union  Township, 

1878'Uraa,  Menden,  and  Lima, 

1888,  Vandalla  County 

1877  A'^enedy, 

1876  Victor, 

1886  Vienna  Township, 

1878  Waltham,  Utica,  and  Ophir 

1890  Watseka, 

1870  West  Point, 

1878  White  Rock, 

1880  Whltmore  and  Friends  Creek  Township, 

1879  Wllberton, 

1876  WlnncfcNftgo  Fanners, 

186S  Wysox  To^fvuship, 


Davis, 

TrivoH, 

Shelbyville, 

Assumption, 

SUllman  Valley, 

Sigei, 

Somonank, 

Litchfield, 

SprinKfleld, 

liydePark, 

Mount  Olive, 

IStockton, 

lAndover. 

jTeatopoils, 

Schapville, 

iSparta, 

.Schamnberg, 

Avon, 

Ursa, 

Vandalia, 

Vcnedy, 

Somonank, 

Verona, 

Utica, 

Watseka, 

I  Lena, 

iKlngs, 

Oreana, 

St.  Paul, 

Winnebago, 

Milledge^lle, 

Warsaw, 

Hooppolc, 


1889 
1880, 
1869 

1886' 

1870' 

1867 
1877 

1809 

188o| 
1884! 
1876' 


Joseph  Boinker 
[W.  8.  McCuUongh, 
I  Edward  Roossler, 
!n.  B.  McCloer, 
James  D.  White, 
I  Francis  Hone, 
P.  C.  McCIelkn, 
H.  H.  Moukr, 


A.  C.  FJre, 
W.T.  Dumare. 
|J.  W.  White, 
Samoel  Harper. 
Charles  H.  wilber. 
Christian  Bisirr. 
W.  O.  BU«. 
e.  O.  Whiteboa^e 


1872  Wythe  Township, 

1872  Yorktown,  Lorain,  and  Alba  Township,, 

INDIANA. 

Jdknt  Stock  Companies. 

18S6  Citizens, Evansville, 

1889  Evansville, Evansville, 

1860  Firemcns  and  MechanicH, [Madison, 

1«K)  Franklin, Evansville, 

1861  Indiana, I  Indianapolis, 

1891  Indiana, Fort  Wayne, 

Wil  Madison, Madison, 

1861  Vernon  Insurance  and  Trust, 'Indianapolis, 

Mutual  Companies,  \ 

Central, Fort  Wayne, 

Clark  County  Farmers', I  Memphis, 

Deutsche  Feuer  Verelcherungs    Ciesell- 

Bchaf  t  von  Preble  Township, Friedheim, 

Dentscher  Gegenseitiger   Farmer  Feuer| 

UnterstUtznngs-Verein, Batesvllle, 

Deutschcr  GegenscitigerUntcrsttttzangB- 

Vereln  in  Brandschaden, Farmers  Retr% 

Elkhart  Farmers*  Home, 'Elkhart, 

Farmers  Co-operative  Insurance  Associ- 
ation,    Danvillle, 

Farmer    Feuer  lUntersUttzungs-Verein,! 

von  Franklin  und  Delawart^., Delaware, 

Farmers  Fire  Benevolent  Society iNapoleon, 

Farmers  Home  of  Hnntingbiirg, jHuntingburg, 

Farmers  of  Hancock  County, Greenfield, 


;J.  C.  MUler, 
Henry  Kmae, 
M.  K.  Hammond, 
S.  A.  Peterson, 
J.  A.  Bnmileve, 
jWm.  W.  White, 
W.  B.Braden, 
•Fred.  Bastning, 
I  John  Pool, 
J.  P.  Nichols, 
W.  M.  Fogler, 
Henry  Moellman, 
;S.  D.  Wesson, 
'John  Welden, 
|G.  A.  Bennett, 
Henry  A.  Butxow, 
W.  P.  Naramore, 
'W.  D.  Oakes, 
{Richard  Kirby, 
IJ.  H.  Boye, 
■  N.  S.  Straw, 
;DavidC.BnsclI, 
J.  L.  Piggott, 
Aaron  Happ, 


F.W.Cook, 
David  J.  Mackey, 
S.  M.  Strader, 
North  Storms, 
N.  S.  Byram, 
John  H.  Jacobs, 
W.  H.  Powell, 
L.  T.  Michencr, 


D.  N.  Foster, 
John  P.  Wiiiey. 

Deterick  Bunck, 

B.  H.  Bockman, 


W.  A.  Lowell. 
A.J.  Reiser. 
Qeorge  Justin. 
Frank  A.  Ba)£«Uii. 
John  L.  Kimae. 
H.  W.  Montro^tr. 
W.  D.  M.  EikiT. 
John  Fuse. 
Gilbert  TompkiQ« 
H.  S.  LoQcks. 
L.  W.  Milter. 
J.F.Brochschmi'li. 
J.  C.  Beveridst' 
N.  W.  Walsh. 
Samoel  Gro\-e. 
W.  Guikl. 
IB.  Stevoifl. 
C.Klein. 
Jas.  Licfatenberst*. 
:  Frederick  HUker. 
.W^ebster  OsbonL 
, Whitney  Inmaa. 
;  Isaac  Bliss. 
'Samuel  Goembd. 


H.  Staple, 
a  F.  Oakes, 


H.  S.  BGiiiMm. 
H.  S.  Bennett. 
,W.  O.  McLelaad 
lA.  M.  WciL 
M.  V.  OUltaid. 
J.  B.  Beahler. 
K.  W.  Habbatd. 
Chariea  E.  DarL 

Perry  A.  Randall 
Roberto.  RniL 

Christian  HooKfer. 

F.  Gartemolder. 

Fked.  H.  ScJunettr. 
J.  S.  Kanffman. 


Geo.  W.  Scearce,     J.  N.  Hadlej. 


Fritz  Schmidt, 
.BbenczerGray, 
Wm.  H.  Breta, 
I  John  H.  White. 


Geo.  Broerman. 
C.  Kmse. 
Hannen  Heitraia. 
A.  V.  B.  SampicL 


DiBKCTORT  OF  COMFANlBa,   FiRB. 


611 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


Bremen, 
Angola, 
Hantertown, 

New  Market, 
New  Bethel, 
South  Bend, 


Indiana  Mutual  Co' i.~  Continued. 
1872  Farmen  of  St.  Joseph  and  Marshall 

d  Counties, 
Farmers  of  Steuben  County, 
Farmers  of  Alien  County, 

18T7{  Farmers  of  Montgomery  and  Fountain 

I       Counties, 

18T7  Farmers  of  New  Bethel, 

IMSTjFarmeni  of  South  Bend, 

IH&l' Farmers  Hoosier  of  Ferdinand  Town- 

I       ship, 'Ferdinand, 

IHTIM Farmers  of  Hamilton, INoblesville, 

IKTSlFarmers  of  Dekalb  County, !  Auburn, 

187H  Farmers  of  Huntington, Huntington, 

18691  Farmers  of  Mulbernr, iMuIbei^, 

1884  Farmers  Relief  of  Kosciusko  County,..  Warsaw, 

1878  Farmers  Rescue  of  La  Orange, La  Orange, 

1878  First  Oerman  of  Clay  Township, I  BuffaloTille, 

1871  Folda  and  St.  Meinrad  Home :  Fulda, 

1878  U<?geiia6itiger     Feuer      Versicherungs- 

Verein  in  Welsburg. IWdsburg, 

185S  Oerman  Farmers'  Fire  Aid, I  Indianapolis, 

iOermanof  Tell  City ITell  City, 

18&1  German, I  Indianapolis, 

1  J«i?<  }erman  of  French  Township Vera  Crua, 


18K» 


iierman  of  Freelandsville, ,  FreelandsvlUe 


1874  Oerman  of  Jackson  County, Seymour, 

18GH  Oerman  of  Viucennes, Vincennes, 

l*s4  (terman  of  Warrick  and  Spencer  Co. ,. .  .iBoonyille, 

1888  Gibson,  Warrick,  and  Vanderburg  Far- 

mers,   Elberfleld, 

1878  Harrison  County, , ;Corydon, 

IHtt^Herrman, Itamsey, 

18«8  Highland, South  Gate, 

1871  Holland  Home, Holland, 

1889  Indiana  Millers', Indianapolis, 

1877*  Jefferson  County  Patrons Madison, 

18811  L.ake  County  Farmers, {Lowell, 

188H  Manufacturers', I  Indianapolis, 

1886  Manufacturers', lEvansville, 

1878  Marrs  Township,.  ^ St.  Philip, 

I87l| Mutual  Aid  of  Elkhart  County, 'Ooshen, 

1896  Mutual  Assistance  of  Robinson  Town- 

1       ship, St  Philip, 

18S7,  Mutual  of  Vanderburg  (bounty, i  Armstrong, 

iKTclMutual  Home,  of  Dale, Dale, 

l-iTUl^tPons  Mutual  Aid  Society  of  Vermil- 
lion County, iDana, 

1878  Patrons  of  Dearborn  County, .Aurora, 

iSTHl'atrons  of  Husbandry,  of  Oreensburg,. .  Greensburg, 
1870  Perry  Township, lEvansville, 

1875  ilock  Creek  Township  Farmers', I  Markle, 

1K75  Rush  Countv  Farmers', iKushville, 

1870  SU  Mary's  Farmers'  and  Mechanics' ....  Haymond, 

.1869  St.  Peters, St.  Petere, 

1886Stendal  Home Stendal, 

ia78t8witzerland  and  Ohio  County  Patrons,..  East  Enterprise, 
I883iTlpton  County  Farmers Goldsmith, 

;  1871  Warrick,  Vanderburg,  and  Gibson  Co. 

Mutual  Aid Inglefleld, 

1881  Washington  County  Farmers', Salem, 

1887  White  Creek  Oerman  Mutual, Walesboro, 

1864  Whitley  County  Farmers', Columbia  City, 


George  Zimmer, 
Dwight  B.  Lewis, 
Danford  Parker, 

James  A.  Mount, 
Wm.  D.  Green, 
Asa  Knott, 

Anthony  Hellers, 

Geo.  O.  Denison, 
Henry  S.  Wismer, 
Calvin  DUl, 
Ephraim  Wells, 
H.  H.  Bassler, 
Samuel  Wetael, 
Frank  Wlrthwein, 

Christian  Nelman, 
A.  Schildmeler, 
Peter  Wledmer, 
A.  SeidensUcks, 
Frederick  Reperd, 
August  Brakhage, 
G.  F.  Schepman, 
Peter  Ritterskamp, 
Henry  Ranth, 

J.  T.  Morris, 
John  Albin, 
Jacob  Heaser, 
Jacob  W.  tJchuch, 
John  Rotliert, 
M.  S.  Blish, 
David  P.  Monroe, 
Benj.  Williams, 

A.  H.  Noidylce, 
John  S.  McCorkle, 
John  Wildeman, 
Samuel  R.  Miller, 

L.  Wintemhelmer, 
Michael  Bauer, 
Wra.  Kokomoor, 

Stephen  Jenks, 
Wm.  H.  Greene, 
n.  I.  Ainsworth, 
Philip  Koch, 
Jacob  Farling, 

B.  Kinff, 
Henry  Kstel, 

G.  H.  Huber,  Jr., 
L.  H.  Hillsmeyer, 
John  W.  Powell, 
Henry  Goore, 

Alex.  Hlllyard, 
E.  W.  Shanks, 
P.  W.  Meier, 
H.  H.  Lawrence, 


F.  Landeman. 
Wm.  B.  Kimsey. 
Oeoi^  V.  Kell. 

W.  J.  Miles. 

J.  B.  McQaugfaey. 

Aaron  Jones. 

Clement  Lnken. 
W.  C.  Bray. 
S.  Kntsner. 
Joseph  G.  Amiss. 
David  P.  Clark. 
H.  L.  Oldfather. 
H.  M.  Price. 
H.  F.Tennemacher. 
Martin  Simon. 

Fred.  H.  Rohlfing. 
Edward  Bickhoff. 
Charles  Steinaner. 
Lorenz  Schmidt. 
Vincent  D.  Bell. 
F.  Nolting. 
Wm.  Lambring. 
Jacob  Werker. 
Andrew  Roth. 

D.  A.  Heldt. 

J.  W.  H.  Littell. 
George  Heaser. 
Francis  Knecht. 
Dr.  H.  W.  Stork. 

E.  E.  Perry. 
Jesse  Wanier. 
Henry  R.  Ward. 
C.  B.  Funston. 
William  HarUg. 
George  Schenk. 
B.  F.  Stutsman. 

Henry  Vanbel. 
Henry  Maasberg. 
Jacob  Weller. 

John  O.  Roger. 
Geo.  W.  Sawdon. 
L.  A.  Sheihom. 
Louis  Mueller. 
Joseph  Lesh. 
T.  A.  Capp. 
J.  P.  Langfermann. 
[Joseph  ^ebnuT. 
'otto  Bauermeister. 
I  J.  R.  Cunningham. 
'William  Burton. 

Wm.  H.  Femme. 
William  Overman. 
B.  S.  Mensendlck. 
John  C.  Pentx. 


Digitized  by 


/Google 


512 


DtRBCTORT  of  CoifPANtBS,   FiRB. 


Name  of  Comitany. 


IOWA. 
Joint  Stock  Companies. 


1861  Burlington 

18841(TapItar. 

ISSlCoundl  Bluffy 

1875  !)«»  Moines  Fire, 

1K83  Dubuque  Fire  and  Marine, 

1H60  Farmere,  C'edar  Rapids, 

18fi6,IIawlceye, 

18i»i  Indemnity. 

1892Iowa, 

IHDlKeyCMty 

1891  Merchants  and  Manafacturerv,. 

1888'security, -. 

1865  State  of  DeeMoinea, 


Burlington, 
Dee  Moines, 
Council  Bluffs, 
Dee  Moines, 
Dubuque, 
Cedar  Rapids, 
Des  Moines, 
Davenport, 
Des  Moines, 
Dubuque, 
Clinton, 
Davenport, 
Des  Moines, 


Mutual  Oompaniu. 

ISM'Amlsh  Aid  Society 

188»Anclior, , 

18871  Blaine  Center 

1876  Bohemian  Mutual  Protective, 

18751  Bremer  County  Farmers, , 

1889.  Brethren's  Mutual  of  Central  Iowa, 

lHtJ7|Brown  Township, , 

18761  Butler  County  Farmers', 

1888  Cass  County  Farmers', 

1886  C'erro  Gordo  County  Farmers', 

1879,Ceeka  Farmeska  Yzajemne  Cojestujici 

I        Hpolecno8t, 

1875  Chickasaw  County  Farmers, 

1875  Clayton  County  Farmers, 

1888  Danish  of  Elk  Horn, 

1875  Der  Deutsche    O^ienseltige    UnterstUt- 

Kungs  Vereln, 

1874  Deutsche  Fanner,  Iowa, 

1867  Deutscher  Feuer  Vorslcherungs-Verein, 

von  Des  Moines  County, 

1872  Eden, 

1891 1  Farmers  Alliance  of  Dubuque  County, 

1883  Farmers  Mutual  Aid    of    Clinton  and 

Jackson  Counties, 

1873' Farmers  Mutual  Aid  of  Tama  County,... 
1886  Farmers  of  Palo  Alto  County, 

1886  Farmers  of  Winnebago  County,. . . 

1876  Fanners  of  Black  Hawk  County, . . 
18871  Farmers  of  Greene  County, 

1887  Farmers  of  Story  County, 

1869  Farmers,  Comunla, 

1884  Farmers  of  Adams  County  and  adjoining 
I       Townships, 

1889  Farmers  of  Clay  County, 

1874  Farmers     of     Clinton,   Jackson,    and 

Scott  Counties, 

Farmers  of  Grundy  County, 

Farmers  of  O'Brian  County, 

Farmers, 

Farmers  of  Adair  County, 

Farmers  of  Buchanan  County, 

Farmers  of  Buena  Vista  County... 
Farmers  of  Ringgold  County 


1888 

1890 
1879 
1888 
1879 
1887 
1887 


Ijocatlon. 


Prwidciit. 


18771  Farmers  of  Boone  County,. 


Amish, 

Creston, 

Ida  Grove, 

Spillville, 

Waverly, 

Ames, 

Springville, 

Bristow, 

Atlantic,! 

Mason  City, 

NewHampton, 
Elkader, 
Elk  Horn, 

BrowP  Station, 
Wheatland, 

Burlington, 

Vinton, 

Farley, 

Preston, 

Toledo, 

Emmetsborg, 

Lake  Mills, 

Waterloo, 

Jefferson, 

Ames, 

Comunla, 

Coming, 
Spencer, 

De  Witt, 
Grundy  Center, 
Pr  Ingham, 
Klron, 
Greenfield, 
Independence, 
Alta, 

Mount  Ayr, 
Boone, 


John  G.  Miller, 
W.  W.  Lyons, 
A.  T.  Flickinger, 
J.  G.  Rounds, 
'Thos.  Connolly, 
J.  H.  Smith, 
A.  Howell, 
Seth  P.  Bryant. 
Frank  T.Campbell, 
C.  A.  Voelker, 
L.  B.  Wadkii^ 
S.  F.  Gilman, 
O.  B.  AyrcB, 


John  B.  Miller,* 
B.  F.  Heinly, 
R.  B.  Miller, 
Frank  Forbel, 
M.  Farrington, 
J.  C.  Selbert, 
John  F.  Gritman, 
Richard  Daniels, 
Henry  Bell, 
N.  Densmorc, 

Jire  Chadima, 
J.  F.  Babcock, 
T.  N.  F.  SchouUe, 
Rasmus  Hansen, 

John  Bomnan, 
George  Riedesel, 

John  M.  Copp, 
Paol  Correll, 
D.  J.  Sullivan, 

Lewis  Carmer, 
W.  G.  Malin, 
J.  C.  Baker, 
L.  O.  Dahlen, 
S.  H.  Miller, 
G.  W.  Wiant, 
A.  J.  Graves, 
Fred.  Hochhaus, 


Secretary. 


Jacob  Alter. 
J.  K.  GUcreet. 
J.  Q^  Anderson. 
J.  a  Clark. 
N.  J.  Schrap. 
J.  B.  Henderson. 
W.  D.  Skinner. 
WUliAm  F.  Roes. 
James  N.  Miller. 
D.  H.  McCarthy. 

D.  L.  Hyder. 

E.  J.  Babcock. 
W.  H.  Black. 


IGeo.  J.  Delm^^e. 
Blex.  Haltiey. 
M.  A.  Tnpy. 
A.  W.  Emily. 
■Geo.  W.  Thorns*. 
J.  C.  Gritman. 
.Geo.  W.  Weli-^ " 
Goo.  W-  PranklhL 
Lr.  A.  Brown. 

Joseph  KonaM^k. 
Charles  Heath. 
N.  Mever. 
Hans  Peterson. 

Prederich  Stamp. 
Wm.  L.  39tckel4. 

J.  Schmdscr. 
L  N.  Chenowpth. 
WUlis  H.  Uogan. 

T.  P.  ElMot. 
John  X.  Chambers. 
E.  P.  McSvov. 
A.  Logard. 
D.  P.  Hoovo-. 
Lee  Davie. 
D.  M.  Hayden. 
iCharlee  MentzrL 


T.  S.  H.  Dougherty, 'C.  J.  Anderson. 
J.  P.  Mills,  P.  A.  W.  ai»«c. 


Michael  Sullivan, 
J.  S.  King. 
J.  P.  Martin, 
A.  Lundell, 
IL.  M.  Kllbum, 
|A.  P.  Mills, 
IB.  W.  Crowell, 
IWm.  Shriver, 
jjohn  G.  Ahrens, 


J.  Alex.  Sfftith. 
Charles  Q.  Rogers 
L.T.  Gates. 
A.  Norelina, 
J.  S.  Brooks. 
Geo.  H.  WlLjon. 
Geo.  A.  DalaifL 
Thomas  Wilson. 
John  Uenoa. 


♦  Trusi 


tee. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


DiuKCTOBY  OP  Companies,  Fike. 


518 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


Iwca  Mutual  Co's.^CorUinved. 

1880  Fanners  of  Delaware  County, Delaware, 

1874  Farmers  of  Dee  Moines  County, BuriinKton, 

1874  Farmers,  Louisa  County, Wapelio, 

1876  Farmers  of  Mitchell  County, Osage, 

1866  Farmers  of  Muscatine  County, Muscatine, 

1877  Farmers  of  Winneehielc  County, !  Frankville, 

1870  Farmers  of  Linn  County, iMt  Vernon, 

1886  Farmers  of  Plymoutli  County, iSioux  City, 

1886  Farmers  of  Sioux  and  Lyon  County, iHull, 

1883  Farmers  of  Washington  County, i  Washington, 

1882  Farmers  of  Worth  County iNorthwood, 

1860  Farmers  of  Calhoun  County, Lake  City, 

1873  Farmers  of  Decatur  County, Leon, 

1888  Farmers  of  Holt  and  Nodaway  Town- 
ship,  Guss, 

1875  Farmers  of  Jasper  County, Newton, 

1874  Fanners  of  Polk  and  adjoining  Counties,  Des  Momes, 

1887  Farmers  of  Shelby  County, iKirkman, 

1885  Farmers  of    Story,   Hardin,  Hamilton,! 

and  Polk  Counties, Roland, 

1887  Farmers  of  the  German  Society  of  the, 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church, Gamer, 

1884'  Farmers  of  Webster  County, iFort  Dodge, 

1871 ,  Farmers  Mutual  Protective, iBirmingbam, 

1878|  Fanners  Pioneer  of  Keokuk  County, ;Keota, 

1890  Farmers  Union, Cresco, 

1875  Fayette  County  Farmers, Oelwein, 

Des  Moines, 
Huxley, 
Maxfleld, 
Charles  City, 
Hampton, 


1887iFidclity,. 

1887  Fieldburg,  Story,  and  Polk  Counties,. 
1378  First  German  of  Maxfleld 

1880  Floyd  County  Farmers, 

1889  Franklin  Farmers, 

1886  German  Farmers, Manning, 

1881  German  Fannere, St.  Ansgar, 

1870; German  Farmers  Aid,  Allamakee  Co.,..  Lansing, 

1876  German  Fanners  of  Maxfleld  and  vicin-l 

I        ity, iDenver, 

1888  German  of  Jones  County, iLangworthy, 

1877  German  of  Eldonido, El  Dorado, 

1882  German  of  Clinton  County, Grand  Mound, 

1887| (German  of  Clinton  and  Jackson  Co., , Lyons, 

1863  German, Davenport, 

1888  German,  Pomeroy, .* Pomeroy, 

1888  Greeley  Farmers, Exiro, 

1887  Harrison  County,  Iowa,  Farniei^, Logan, 

1873  Henry  County  Farmers, Mt.  Pleasant, 

1876  Hillsdale Koselle, 

188tJ  Humboldt  County, Bode, 

1872  Iowa  Township, Luzerne, 

1869  Iowa  Valley, I  Albion. 

1855  Iowa  State Keokuk, 

1874  Jefferson  County  Fanners, Fairfield, 

1879  KirkYille KirkviUe, 

1887  Kossuth  County, Algona, 

18H3  Lenox, Norway, 

1 873  Lincoln, Iowa  City, 

1887  Lucas  County, Chariton, 

.Madison  County  Farmers, Van  Meter, 

1888  Maple  Valley, Amelia. 

len^  Marshall  County  Farmers, Marslukllton, 

1865!Mercliant8  and  Bankers, Des  Moines, 

1875»Mlil  Owners, Des  Moines, 

1887:  Morton  Fanners, {Coin , 

28 


L.  S.  Gates, 
E.  Woodward, 
J.  Leiberknccnt, 
A.  S.  Faville, 
■Lindley  Hoopes, 
'C.  R  Williams, 
John  C.  Groudy, 
Joseph  Sheirbon, 
Kobert  Patterson, 
Sidney  Coon, 

E.  £.  Savro, 
C.  Pocock, 
Wm.  £.  Gammon, 

H.  B.  Moats, 
A.  L.  Harrah, 
C.  D.  Reinking, 
Marselius  Larson, 

John  Stevenson, 

Louis  Sampson, 
L.  S.  Coffin, 

C.  M.  Thompson, 
James  Lyie, 
S.  A.  Converse, 
A.  Rawson, 

D.  D.  Fleming, 
John  O.  Severeid, 
Henry  Rathe, 
S.  P.  Whetherbee, 
O.  Q.  Reeve, 
Henry  Kaspersen, 

A.  H.  Rosenberg, 
Andrew  Sandry, 

Henry  Wente, 
Geo.  H.  Balster, 
G.  Bleealn, 
John  Ratbje, 
C.  Anderpou, 

F.  A.  Roclinn, 
Christian  Meyer, 
P.  C.  Schwenneker, 
J.  H.  Rice, 
H.  C.  Brown, 

B.  HuBsmann, 
J.  II.  Pritchard, 
Frederick  Kramer, 
John  Rolston, 
Smith  Haniill, 
James  L.  Knight, 
T.  R.  Gilmore, 
J.  E.  Blackford, 

A.  K.  Schloeman, 
Thomas  Birkett, 
Jolm  A.  Robinson, 
George  Storck, 

G.  W.  Blanch, 

B.  F.  Smith, 
W.  K.  GilcPCBt, 
H.  C.  Murphe' 
Chris.  S. 


ra 


H.  D.  Wood. 
C.  M.  Garman. 
J.  S.  Kelly. 
I.  H.  Morse. 
J.  O.  Jester. 
Christian  Lower. 
Alex.  Torrence. 
Robert  Crouch. 
John  Cornforth. 
M.  Goodspecd. 
T.  C.  Rone. 
H.  Morse. 
Robert  McCauU. 

John  Carlisle. 
W.  F.  Boyd. 
R.  A.  Pilmer. 
A.  N.  Buckman.- 

R.  K.  Gaord. 

Charles  Schuler. 
C.  H.  Payne. 
J.  S.  Hoxe. 
H.  P.  Newton. 
John  Stemman. 
R.  J.  Toung. 
S.  G.  Lee. 
A.  K.  Olson. 
U.  Graemiug. 
P.  P.  Cole. 
N.  M.  Donald. 
Henry  Sievers. 
A.  F.  Krause. 

E.  Bariheld. 

T.  J.  Dom. 
H.  Harms. 
C.  Ide. 

Henry  N.  Hahn. 
George  Rix. 
M.  J.  Rholfs. 
Wm.  Baumgart 
Fred.  C.  J.  VOBS. 
C.  N.  Cad  well. 
Ed.  N.  Kitchen. 
J.  C.  Schwaller. 
T.  A.  Rotufing. 
Rudolph  Schuuken. 

F.  S.  Whealcu. 
Howarti  Tucker. 
ISdwin  Tully. 

J.  P.  Thompson. 
E.  Blackford. 
H.  L.  Uthoff. 
Hiram  Heath. 

G.  W.  Larimer, 
M.  D.  McCombs. 
J.  C.  Lockin. 

A  M.Miller. 
M.  H.  Kirkham. 
J.  G.  Sharp. 
Wm.  Davison. 


514 


DiRECTOBT  OF  CoiCPANIKS,   FiRB. 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


PresddenL 


SeCT&MTJ. 


Mt.  Carmel, 
Munterville, 
Traer, 

New  Vienna, 
Gennanville, 


Morgan, 


Dexter, 
Ladora, 
Council  BlnUB, 
Grinnell, 
Naaaau, 


I       Iowa  Mutual  Co'f.—  CfmHnutil. 
1882  Monnt  Carmel, 

1881  Muntervllle 

1877  Mutual  of  (German  Fanners, 

1863  Mutual  of  New  Vienna, 

1868  Mutual  of  (^ermanviUt- 

1879  Mutuai  Lightning,  Tonindo,  and  Wind- 

Btorm  of  (U'rman  Farmerti  of  Craw- 
ford and  If lu  CountU's 

1866  Mutual  tire  Self  of  (Jernian  House- 
holders in  Scott  County, 

1806  Mutual  of  Sharon,  Lilieny,  and  Wash- 
ington Townnhips 

....  Nahraznjicl  Spolek.  Tama  County, 

1880  Noble  Township  l*rotective, 

1882  Northwestern  Farmers 

1872  Norwegian  Protection, 

1889,(>»ceola  County 

187K'Patron8  and  Farmers  of  Buchanan  Co.,. 
1875iPatron8  of  Doxier 

1876  Patrons  of  Iowa  County 

1877  Pottawattamie  County  Farmers 

1876  Poweshiek  County  Farmers, 

1880  Prairie  Farmers, 

1871  Providence  Township, 

1876  Sac  Counts  Farmers 

1884  Scandinavian  of   Boone,  Webster,  and 

Hamilton  Counties,. .., 

1882  Scandinavian  of  Allamakee  County,. . . . 
1874  Scott  County  Farmers, 

1885  Sherrilla  Mount 

1891  Southern  Van  Buren  County  Protection, 

1871  Springdale 

1876  Svea  Mutual  Protective, 

1884  Swede 

1881  Swedisiiof  Polk "conn'tyi \\\V.',\\\\\\\\'. 

1882  Town, 

1873  Union  Farmers, 

1891  Underwriters, 

1883  Walcott, 

1888:  Warren  County  Farmers, 

1878  WajTie  County  Fanners, 

1885  Western  Cherokee  Farmers, 

1874  Westside 

1872|White  Pigeon 

1889  Woodbury    and     Plymouth     ComitieS| 

Farmers, I 

KANSAS.  I 

Mtttual  Companies.  , 

1887  Army  Co-operative, FtLeavenw' 

1881  Bremen  Farmers, Bremen, 

1889  Brown  County  Farmers Morrill, 

1887  Capitol, Topeka, 

1888  Farmers  Alliance  of  Kansas McPhereon, 

1883  Kansas  Mill  Owners  and  Manufacturers,  Ottawa, 

1882  Kansas  Farmers, Abilene, 

1889  Marshall  County  Farmers, iMarysvUle, 

1880  Mennonite, iHalstead, 

1889  Patrons  Fire  Belief  of  the  State  of  B:as.,!Gardnei, 

1884  Republic  County Belleville, 

1888  Scandia  Mutual  Protective, IChanute, 

1889  Snmner  County  Fanners, iWellington, 

1888  Swedish  American  of  Kansas, ILindsborg, 


Joeepb  06tn«r, 
Samuel  Johnson. 
'August  F.  SeoBch, 
,B.  Wlllenborg, 
JAdam  " 


Jacob  Betzner. 
C.  £.  Johnson. 
Franz  M«i;ar9. 
Mathias  iSeni. 
Joeeph  Knrtx. 


.AogOBt  Schul(2, 


Blue  Grass,         Charles  Pahl, 

Iowa  City,  Martin  Birrer, 

Vining,  Vaclaa  Keal. 

I^rman,  P.  Eppelshetmer, 

North  Liberty,  Isaac  Meyers, 
Decorah,  £.  B.  Clement, 

Sibley,  G.  8.  Downcnd, 

Independence,    ;C.  C.  P.  Baldwin, 
Nicholas, 


Geo.  C.  Honae, 
Rasmus  Campbell, 
A.  J.  Blakely, 
Jj.  S.  Cory, 
NewProvidence,iJ.  C.  WilliiEunB, 
Sac  City,  iW.  D.  Forbea, 


Dayton, 

Elon, 

Davenport, 

Sherrill, 

Pittsburg-, 

Springdale, 

Swedeeburg, 

Madrid, 

Des  Moines. 

Cedar  Rapids, 

Iowa  City, 

Sioux  City, 

Wolcott, 

Lacoma, 

Corydon, 

Marcus, 

Cedar  Rapids, 

Wilton, 

Moville, 


Swan  Johnson, 
J.  O.  Preatimven, 
John  Skimin, 
M.  Ehl, 

E.  B.  Kirkendall, 
J.  K.  Michener, 
G.  A.  Fridolph, 
Ernest  Carlson, 
Andrew  Berquist, 
C.  W.  Norton, 
R.  M.  Williams, 
Edw.  F.  Philbrook. 
John  Vogt, 
John  Bauer, 
H.  C.  Miller, 
G.  W.  Hartley, 
Thomas  Delaney, 
C.  B.  Strong, 

H.  S.  Kberly, 


,Fred.  Jepaen. 

Icharles  Ftahh 

Isaac  Weeber. 
!  Jaknp  ELneera. 
;Henry  MoUer. 
!R.  A.  Keen. 
J.  J.  Ronnlng. 
N.  R.  CJoad. 
IT.  G.  CaowroD. 

'Levi  Lewie. 
IE.  H.  Oblendorf. 
L.  C.  C.  Plcrot 
F.  O.  Price. 
J.  J.  Wood. 
|W.  A.  Botkdge. 

IC.  £.  Bone. 
Ame  Orangaard. 
iHenry  Parmcte. 
P.  Stfllmankes. 
Henrv  I.  Warden. 
WUllam  Matlier. 
Nels  Pe^ereoD. 
John  AndoaoD. 
C,  A.  Ryden. 
James  YniU. 
Edward  Tudor. 
Jamee  L.  Mabie. 
H.  H.  Sindt. 
H.  F.  Durham. 
W.  W.  Thomas^. 
John  Bralev. 
'James  GrofK 
J.  L.  Giesler. 

M.  E.  Twitchell. 


'rth,'E.  F.  Townsend,     'Fimnk  F.  Sastmic 
[Christ  Helberg,       H.  Brenneke. 
Heniy  Stafford,       Ia.  F.  Robinson. 
John  T.  Williams,  jT.  D.  Tbacber. 
John  N.  Towcli,      Fned.  Jackson. 
G.  L.  Brinkman, 
G.  C.  Sterl, 
D.  B.  Walker, 
Jacob  W.  Regler, 
R.  P.  Edgington, 


J.  R.  Bowersoz, 
AoguBt  Carlson, 
A-J.  McManis, 
C.  J.  Stromquiat, 


Robert  Atkinson. 
;W.  A.  Bnrfauik. 
[John  CottwU. 
iDavid  Goerz. 
J.  D.  Hibner. 
L  O.  Savage. 
Adolph  Andenoc 
G.  D.  ArmaCTOQg. 
F.  GoodlM^m. 


ioogle 


Directory  of  ComfakikSp  Fire. 


615 


o  I 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


KENTUCKY. 


Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1882  Columbian, iLouiflvllle, 

1886:  Franklin, Louiavllle, 

1864  f  German, LonlBvIlle, 

1884  German  National, lioaisville, 

18T2  German  Security, Louisville, 

1872  Louisville, Louisville, 

1872  Western, Louisville, 

I  Mutual  Companiet.  \ 

1892'citizen8, 'Petersbnrg, 

1869;Fall8  City  German  Mutual, ILouisville, 

1879  Farmers  Home, INorth  Fork, 

1876  Farmers  Home,  jFlemingsburgh, 

18TO  Fanners, '  Burlington, 

1874  German, Covin^n, 

1874  German, Louisville, 

1860  German  Washington, Louisville, 

1892  Hurst  Home Millersburg, 

1889  Kentucky  and  Louisville, Louisville, 

1666  Loaisville  German, Louisville, 

1880  Newport, Newport, 

LOUISIANA.  I 

Joint  Stock  Companies. 

18B0  Crescent, New  Orleans, 

1866  Oermania, New  Orleans, 

1871  Hlbemia, New  Orleans, 

1876  Home New  Orleans, 

1889  Interstate  Fire New  Orleans, 

1860  Mechanics  and  Traders, New  Orleans, 

1888  Southern, New  Orleans, 

1856  Sun  Mutual, New  Orleans, 

18T1  Teutonia, New  Orleans, 

MAINE.  I 

Joint  Stock  Companies.  i 

1886  Merchants  (marine), Bangor, 

1862  Union  (marine), Bangor, 

I  Mutual  Companies.  \ 

18B9iBanRor, Bangor, 

1803  Brunswick  Farmers, Brunswick, 

1868  Caaco Casco. 

1893  Citizens, Bristol, 

1849  Cumberland, Cumberl'd  Ctr. 

1860  Danville, Auburn, 

1888  Dresden Cedar  Grove, 

1844;KlIot  and  Klttcry Eliot, 

1861  Falmouth, I  West  Falmouth, 

1868" 
1844 
1861 
1856 


I 

'W.  P.  D.  Bush, 
Geo.  W.  Morris, 
J.  J.  Fischer, 


S.  H.  Sullivan. 

John  J.  Barret. 

N.  H.  Kehkopf. 
Adolph  Rentlinger,  Charles  A.  Lang. 
Jas.  8.  Barret,         C.  W.  Kompfe. 
Theodore  Harris,     M.  A.  Huston. 


A.  F.  Coldeway, 

! 

J.  F.  Grant, 
; Charles  Mehler, 
James  B.  Key, 
Wm.  Quaintance, 
John  S.  lluey, 
Chas.  Mahlmann. 
V.  P.  Knadler, 
Conrad  Bchaefer, 
F.  A.  Herbert, 
;  John  D.  Taggart, 

B.  T.  Kluth, 
T.  A.  Widrig, 


W.  R.  Lyman, 
J.  Hassinger, 
W.  W.  Byrnes, 
Thomas  Sefton, 
:Breedlove  Smith, 
Lloyd  R.  Coleman 
E.  Sllltenberger, 
,L.  M.  Flnley, 
;Wm.  B.  Schmidt, 


B.  Frese. 


S.  P.  Balrd. 
A.  J.  Meyer. 
James  £.  Cahlll. 
IDavld  Wllleon. 
Oscar  Gaines. 
H.  F.  SchuKze. 
Henry  Drescher. 
F.  F.  Wiczemaun. 
F.  M.  Hurst. 
James  B.  Cocke. 
P.  Schanzenbacfaer. 
C.  W.  Nagel. 


John  F.  Whiting. 
Kmil  Weber. 
J.  J.  Fitzpatrick. 
John  G.  Byrd. 
K.  L.  Emery. 
,Qeo.  H.  Frost. 
Scott  McGeht-e. 
Charles  Janvier. 
A.  P.  Noll. 


t 


Edward  B.  Neally,  William  B.  Snow. 
|Arad  Thompson,     A.  F.  Stetson. 


Fayette, 'Fayette  Comer, 

Pryeburg, Fryebuiy  Ctr., 

Gorham  Farmers, Seoago  Lake, 

Harpswell, No.  Harpswell, 

1869  Hanleon iBolster's  Mills, 

1860  Jay, iJay, 

1891  Jefferson  Fanners, 'Jeflenon, 

187S  Litchlteld, .Utcbfleld  Cor., 

1866'IiOTeU, Center  Lovell, 

1866iNorth  Yarmouth, |B.  No.  Yarm'th, 


Wm.  R.  Hubbard, 
S.  L.  Holbrook, 
S.  O.  Hancock, 

A.  J.  Dodge, 
Sewall  Whitney, 
Ebenezer  Jordan, 
Zina  H.  Blenn, 
Warrington  Paul, 

B.  F.  }&1I. 

O.  E.  Stevens, 
Albion  T.  Gordon, 
Orville  8.  Sanborn, 
Isaac  Merriman, 
Joshua  Howard, 
O.  G.  Kyes, 
A.  D.  Kennedy, 
Thomas  Holmes, 
Mellen  Eastman, 
L  S.  Brown, 


J.  Herbert  Boyd. 
Thomas  K.  Riley. 
S.  C.  Sylvester. 
W.  E.  Sims. 
D.  L.  Blanchard. 
William  Plummer. 
;Orrin  McFadclcn. 
Moses  E.  Goodwin. 
[Arthur  S.  Noyes. 
C.  H.  Bamford. 
T.  S.  Mclntire. 
Alston  V.  Whitney. 
C.  S.  Dunning. 
S.  Loton  Weston. 
J.  H.  Meiritt 
S.  T.  Jackson. 
J.  W.  Starbird. 
iJ.  F.  Steams. 
[Albert  Sweetser. 


516 


DlRECTOBT  OF  COHPANIBS,  FlKB. 


C 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Maine  Mufua/  Co' 9. —Continued.      ' 

1876  Oxford  County  Patrons  of  Husbandry,. .  Sonth  Paria,  lOeo.  F.  llammond, 

1877  Patrons  Androacoggin, ',.\ubum,  Z.  A.  Gilbert, 

1827  Saco, SatK),  iHenry  J.  RIc«, 

1857  rnion  Farmew, Tnion,  -Cliarlefl  Oleason, 

1K71  Warren  Farraere !  Warren,  iSamuel  Thomas, 

1H86  Wells,  Wells  Depot,  iKdwin  Clark, 

18t;6  Wottt  Bangor  and  Herman, Ilermon  Center,  Auguatna  Farr, 

1859  Wilton ;WiUon,  Joseph  Trefethen, 

1830  Windham, Windham  Ctr.,  Jaaon  S.  Knight, 

18tf2  Woolwkh, Woolwich,  Gilbert  Hathom, 


Baltimore, 
lialtimore, 
Baltimore, 


MARYLAND. 
Joint  Stock  Cotnpaniu, 

1858  American, 

1847  AssrK>iated  Hremens, 

1807  lial tiraore, 

1825  Fircmens, iBaltimore, 

1865  German iBalllmore, 

188U  (termaii-American, iBaltimore, 

1867  Home IBaltimore, 

lasc  Howard IBaltimore, 

1868  Maryland iBaltimore, 

1850  National, [Baltimore, 

1885  Old  Town, 'Baltimore, 

186S  Peabody , |  Baltimore, 

I  Mutual  Companies.  | 

1794' Baltimore  Equitable  Society, (Baltimore, 

1876  Farmers  and  Mechanics  of  Cecil  Co., . . .  ;Fair  Hill, 
1870  Farmers  of  Dug  Hill, iManchester, 

1869  Frederlclc  County, Frederick, 

1876  Grangers  of  Freclerick  County, 'Middletown, 

1885  Mutual  of  BtUtiraore, iBaltimore, 

1870  Mutual  of  Frederick  County, iFrederick, 

1846  Mutual  of  W'ashington  County, jHagerstown, 


Secretary. 


C.  U.  G«»n<e. 
F.  A.  Allen. 
M.  U.  Kdley. 
O.  N.  BttUer. 
L  P.  StarretL 
Lewis  West. 
Tharaton  Hunt 
S.  S.  Bast. 
John  T.  Felkiw». 
RobH  M.  Hamdec 


A.  KoBsel  Cathcart,  G.  W.  Comer,  Jr. 
John  C.  Boyd,         William  Smart. 
W.  C.  Pennington,  M.  K.  Bnrch. 

F.  E.  S.  W^olfe,       Harry  L.  RiaU. 
Frederick  Wehr,     iC.  H.  Koppelman. 
Martin  Meyerdirck,  Henry  Veea. 

G.  H.  Williams,      ,H.  T.  Williams 


William  Ortwine, 
Wm.  R.  Barry, 
Wm.  C.  JennesB, 
Chaa.  W.  Hatter, 
Thomas  I.  Carey, 


J.H.KaCxenbergcr. 
John  M.  Beck. 
Geo.  K.  Tarlor. 
Ijas.  M.  Warwick- 
Richard  B.  Post 


Alfred  Kirk, 
;P.  H.  L.  Myers. 
IThomas  Gorsnch, 
; George  I.  Whipp, 
iDr.  F.  Slinglnff, 
('harles  E.  Trail, 

„  „  ISamuel  B.  Loose, 

1866  Mutual  of  Calvert  County, [Prince  Freder'k,  John  P.  Briscoe, 


1887  Mutual  of  Dorchester  County, Mount  Holly, 

1867  Mutual    of    Worcester    ana    Somerset 

I       Counties Princess  Anne, 

1840  Mutual  in  Baltimore  County, Baltimore, 

IWiO  Mutual  of  Carroll  County, Westminster, 

1846  Mutual  of  CecU  County Elkton, 

1843  Mutual  of  Harford  County, ,15el  Air, 

1845  Mutual  of  Ivent  County, Chestertown, 

1845  Mutual  of  Montgomerj'  Countv, Sandy  Spring, 

1846  Planters, Leitersburg, 

1 


.'Hugh  B.  Jones. 
Samael  G.  Bye. 
.John  R.  Strerig. 
H.  Clay  Hun. 
>H.  L.  Roatzahn. 
Wm.  H.  Pnrcell. 
iGeo.  W.  Cramer. 
W.  H.  ArmscrxKkg. 
John  B.  Gray. 
[George  A.  M'ac«>. 

H.  H.  Dashiell,  I^wls  L.  Wsxer^ 
Thos.H.  Matthews,. 1"  rancis  Shriver. 

I  J.  W.  Hcring,  Richard  Mannir.e 

I  Jacob  Tome,  Thomas  Dremitru 

John  C.  Walsh,  Geo.  R.  Calmer*. 

W.  N.  E.  Wickes,  Geo.  B.  Wcstcon. 

.'Joseph  T.  Moore,  Robert  R.  Mooiv. 


Levi  D.  Travera, 


David  Strite, 


I 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Joint  Stock  Companies.  \ 

1818  American, Boston, 

1873  Boston  Marine, Boston, 

1872Boylston jBoston, 

1872  Dwelling  House, iBoston, 

1845  Equitable  Marine Provincetown, 

1872  Firemensj Boston, 

1868  First  National, Worcester, 

1828  Mercantile, Boston, 

1872;Neptune Boston, 

ISTSNorth  American, Boston, 

1868  Prudential, 

1849  Springfleld, 

''■^[wellfleet  Marine, 


D.  F.  D.  Hickb. 


Francis  Peabody, 
Ransom  B.  Fuller, 
Geo.  H.  Balch, 
Cbas.  K.  Nichols, 


J.  W.  Field. 
Thomas  H.  Lord. 
W^ashingt'n  Glover. 
Henry  F.  Perkins. 


Lysander  N.  Paine,  LcHie  Nickensr«. 
Thos.  W._Tuckor,    Henry  C.  Short. 


Boston. 

Springfield, 

Welfleet, 


Clias.  B.  Pratt, 
iGeo.  R.  Rogers, 
'Geo.  F.  Oshorae, 
I  Silas  Peirce. 
,H.  O.  Houghton, 
A.  J.  Wri«ht, 
IThomas  luunp. 


iGeprge  A.  Park. 
iJames  SimpKOo 
Eogeiie  B.  Hinkiej 
IChas.  B.  MacolUr. 
iHerbert  C.  HUL 
IS.  J.  HaU. 
IChas.  A.  CoUiD*. 


DiBKGTOBT   OF  COMPANIES,   FlKB. 


517 


Mutual  Companies. 

1866Abington 

1847  Annisqaam, 

18f»Arlcwright, 

1878  Ajhfield, 

1898  Atlas 

ISttAttleborongh 

1888  Barnstable  County, 

1 886*  Berkshire, 

1860 Boston  Manafacturers, 

1888  Bristol  County 

1833  Cambridge, 

1863  China  Mutual  (marine) 

1846  Citizens, 

1846  Cobasset, 

1875  Cotton  and  Woolen  Mannfacturers. 

1887Dedhara 

1855  Dorchester, 

1829  Essex, 

1 87\>i Fall  River  Manufacturers, 

1847  Fitchburg 

1828iFranklin, 

1847'Oloucester  Fishing  (marine) 

1828  Groveland, 

188a  Hampshire, 

1828IHingham, ...  

l&ld;Uolvoke, 

ia67ilndla  Mutual  (marine), 

1890'Indnetrial, 

1 882  Lowell, 

1828  Lynn 

1872  Massachusetts, 

1846  Merchants  and  Farmers, 

1828  Merrimack, 

1 826  Middlesex, 

186J  MUf Old 

1887  Mutual 

1838  Mutual 

1861  Mutual  Protection, 

1829  Newburyport, 

1825Norfolk 

1 887,  Patrons 

1886;Paper  Mill 

lesiQulncy 

1884'Kubber  Manufacturenn, 

1855'Sali8bnry  and  Amesbury, 

1852  Saugus  Mutual, 

1829'South  Danvers 

ld48jTrader8  and  Mechanics, 

1 891  Wachusett, 

1840  Westford 

1828  VVest  Newbury, 

1855  Worcester  Manufacturers, 

1828  Worcester, 


.  Abington, 
.  Gloucester, 
.  Boston, 
.  Ashlicld, 

Boston, 
.  Attleborongh, 
.  Yarmouth, 
.  Pittsfield, 
.  Boston, 
.  New  Bedford, 

Cambridge, 

Boston, 
.  Boston^ 
.  Cobasset, 
.  i3oston, 
.  Dedham, 
.  Neponset, 
.  Salem, 
.  Fall  River, 
.  Fitchburg, 
.  Greenfield, 
.  Gloucester, 
.  Groveland, 
.  Northampton, 
.  Hingham, 
.  Salem, 
.  Boston, 
.  Boston. 
.  Lowell, 
.  Lynn, 
.  Boston, 
.  Worcester, 
.  Andover, 
.  Concord, 
.  Milford, 
.  Springfield, 
.  Salem, 
.  Boston, 
,  Newburyport, 
.  Dedham, 
.  Medfield, 
.  Boston, 
.  Quiucy, 
.  Boston, 
.  Amesbury, 
.  Saugus, 
.  Peabody, 
.  l^well, 
.  Fitchburg, 
.  Westfonf, 
.j  West  Newbury, 
.'Worcester, 
.Worcester, 


MICHIGAN, 
I  Joint  Stock  Companiet. 

1866  Detroit  Fire  and  Marine, 

1882 !Gr«Dd  Rapids  Fire, 

1881  Michigan  Fire  and  Marine, 

I  Mutual  OompaniUi. 

1881'OitixeDS  of  Calhoun  County, 

1874.Citizeiifl  of  Kalamazoo  County,. . 


.  Detroit, 

.  Grand  Rapids, 

.'Detroit, 


.  Homer, 
..Kalamazoo, 


Henry  B.  Pierce, 
Moses  H.  Clough, 
R.  W.  Tonpan, 
Charles  Howes, 
John  A.  Pray, 
Joseph  W.  Capron, 
Simeon  Atwood, 
J.  L.  Peck, 
Edward  Atkinson, 
James  Taylor, 
Dana  W.  Hyde, 
Edmund  A.  Poole, 
Henry  C.  Bigelow, 
Louis  N.  Lincoln, 
H.  N.  Daggett, 
Geo.  B.  Faunce, 
Thos.  F.  Temple, 
David  Moore, 
Thos.  J.  Borden, 
Amasa  Norcroes, 
Nelson  Burrows, 
David  S.  Preston, 
Moses  Foster, 
Chaa.  N.  Clark, 
Amos  Bates, 
Chas.  H.  Price, 
John  H.  Dane, 
H.  N.  Daggett, 
J.  C.  Abbott, 
Geo.  D.  Sargeant, 
Chas.  B.  Cumings, 
J.  D.  Washburn, 
Wm.  8.  Jenkins. 
George  Ueywooo, 
George  L.  Cooke, 
Alfr^  Rowe, 
Samuel  A.  Potter, 
Amos  Stone, 
Amos  Noyes, 
J.  White  Belcher, 
N.  B.  Douglas, 
R.  W.  Toppan, 
Chas.  A.  Howland, 
B.  S.  Converse, 
Geo.  F.  Bagley, 
H.  B.  Newhall, 
Wm.  P.  Clark, 
Levi  Sprague, 
Henry  A.  Goodrich, 
Allen  Cameron, 
William  Merrill, 
George  M.  Rice, 
J.  A.  Fayenveathcr, 


{Carlos  P.  Faunce. 
James  S.  Jewett. 
jD.  W.  Bartlett. 
I  Henry  S.  Ranney. 
I  Arthur  F.  Jones. 
Elijah  R.  Read. 
I  Frank  Thacher. 
iJ.  M.  Stevenson. 
'W.  B.  Whitine. 
■(ieorgc  N.  Alden. 
Alfred  L.  Barbour. 
WJlIiara  H.  Lord. 
IT.  Wallace  Travis. 
J.  Q.  A.  Lolhrop. 
B.  P.  Taft. 
Elijah  Howe,  Jr. 
W.  D.  C.  Curtis. 
C:harle8  H.  OdeU. 
I  Chas.  8.  Waring. 
Edward  P.  Downe. 
John  D.  Bowker. 
Francis  Bennett. 
N.  H.  Grifllth. 
Oliver  Walker. 
Henry  W.  Cushlng. 
Walter  L.  Harris. 
H.  B.  Alden. 
Benjamin  Taft. 

E.  T.  Abbott. 
Edwin  H.  Johnson. 
John  M.  Corbctt. 
IE.  B.  Stoddard. 
'Joseph  A.  Smart 
R.  F.  Bamett. 
•Albert  A.  Jenkins. 
Frank  R.  Tonng. 

I  Howards.  Porter. 
iG.  H.  Pendergast 
,L.  W.  Brown. 
Elijah  Howe,  Jr. 
(teorge  R.  Chase. 
W.  H.  H.  Whiting. 
WUliam  H.  Fay. 
B.  F.  Taft. 
Charles  L.  Allen. 
Wilbur  F.Newhall. 
(>eo.  M.  Foster. 
Edward  M.  Tucker. 

F.  A.  Currier. 
J.  Henry  Read. 
Henry  T.  Bailey. 
Samuel  R.  Barton. 
Roger  F.  Upham. 


Wm.  A.  Moore,      .(\  L.  Andrews. 
T.  Stewart  White,  I W.  Fred.  McBain. 
D.  Whitney,  Jr.,     ,F.  H.  Whitney. 


G.  J.  Ashley, 
E.  O.  Humphrey, 

L^.yiuzed  by 


Geo.  A.  Aldrich. 
Geo.  E.  Curtis. 


Google 


518 


DiRKCTOBT  OF  OOMPARIBB.   FiBB. 


O 


Name  of  Company. 


Ix>catioii. 


I    Michigan  Mutual  Co"$.^Coniinued. 
1874Citi7*nB  of  Kent,  Allegan,  and  Ottawa 

('ountiea, ; Grand  Baplda, 

1874  Citixenn  of  Oakland,  Oenittcc,  and  Shi-! 

awasaec  Countlea Holly, 

1888  Citiztms  of  PulaBki Pulaakl, 

1886  Concordia  of  Bay  ami  Saginaw  Coinitii*»,  Salzburg, 

1869  DeutHolier    FTaukcnmulTier     rnterstUt- 

{       zungs-Verein, Prankenmouth, 

1878  Eastern  Jackson  Farmern, (iraas  Lake, 

1880  FarmerB  Home  of  Genenec  County Flint, 

1890Farmeraof  Berrien  and  CasfS  Counties, .  Bnchisuian, 

1870  Farmers  of  Allejjan  and  Ottawa  Countio»»,  Allesan, 
1864  Farmers  of  Barry  and  Eaton  Counties, . .  Hastings, 

1863  Farmers  of  Branch  County i'oldwater, 

1880 J-'armers  of  Calhoun  County, Marengo, 

1863  Farmers  of  Cjws  County, Dowagiac, 

1888  Farmers  of  Charlevoix,  Emmet,  and  Che- 

;       boygan  Counties, Boyne  City, 

1863  Farmers*  of  Clinton  County, St.  Johns, 

1875  Farmers  of  Grand  Traverse,  Antrim,  and! 

Leelanaw  Countit'M, 'Trayerae  City, 

1868  Farmers  of  Hillsdale  County, Hillsdale, 

1862  Farmers  of  Ingham  County, Maaon, 

18631  Farmers  of  louia  County ; Ionia, 

1862  Farmers  of  JackM)n  County, ; Jackson, 

1863  Farmers  of  Kalamazoo  County, iKalamazoo, 

1863  Farmers  of  Kent  County, h^'^*? 

1862  Farmers  of  Lenawee  County, 'Adrian, 

1875  Fanners  of  Macomb  County, |  Romeo, 

1889:Farmers  of  Manistee,  Benzie,  and  Mason 

Counties Scottville, 

1890  Farmers  of  Mecosta  County, Big  Rapids, 

1882  Fanners  of  Midland,  Clare,  and  (51adwin 

Counties, Gladwin, 

1663  Farmers  of  Monroe  and  Wayne  Couu-I 

I       ties FlatRock, 

1888  Farmers  of  Ogemaw,  Arenac,  and  Iosco  I 

,       Counties, .Rose  City, 

1880  Farmers  of  Saginaw  County, Buena  \asta, 

1887  Farmers  of  StClair  and  Sanilac  Counties,  Port  Huron, 

1868  Farmers  of  St.  Joseph  County, Centreville, 

1875  Farmers  of  Van  Buren  County, Il^aw  Paw, 

1891  Farmers  of  Alcona,  Alping,  and  Mont- 

I       gomenr  Counties, |Harrisville, 

1870' Farmers  of  Ottawa  and  Allegan  Counties,  Holland, 

1890  Fanners  Northern, Stephenson, 

1800  Flnlandersof  Houghton  County, Calumet, 

1868  Genesee  County  Farmers [Flint, 

1867  German  Baptist  Brethren  of  Barry,  Ionia,! 

and  Kent  Counties, Woodland, 

1871  German  Farmers, Sebewaing, 

1874  German  Farmers  of  Macomb  and  Wayne 


Chas.  D.  Stebbins,  Kattaanid  Rice. 

D.  H.  Stone,  [John  X.  Baird. 

Joaiah  Bigelow,       W.  C.  Wecmore. 
Henry  Waepper,     Uohn  G.  Weggel. 

Peter  Schluckebier,  John  G.  Rommel. 


Preaidenc. 


Secretary. 


Porter  A.  Cady, 
Henry  B.  Diller, 
Wm.  R.  Rough, 
W.  P.  Harden, 
C.  W.  Mapea, 
(feo.  W.  \  anaken, 
H.  H.  Garfield, 
John  Cady, 

John  Jonea, 
Robert  Young, 

James  H.  Monroe, 
Edward  Baily, 
Richard  J.  Bullen, 
.\.  Milan  Willett, 
Richard  Townley, 
Henry  Beckwitb, 
Samnel  Langdon, 
J .  Marshall  Judson, 
Robert  McKay, 

C.  B.  Conniff, 
Lather  Cobb, 

David  Hunter, 

A.  E.  Kecney, 


Jerome  B,Ca«lwelL 
W.  H.  Long. 
Osmond  C.  Howe. 
G.  L.  Hicks. 
D.  W.  Rogera. 
J.  C.  Price. 
H.  N.  McCormick- 
CyruB  Tnthill. 

FrankUn  M.  Chase. 
Richard  Moore. 

W.  F.  Hannaford. 
Joel  B.  Norris. 
Orville  F.  MUler. 
J.  L.  Fowle. 
iB.  Tmmbnll. 
Richard  A.  Sykcs. 
John  H.  Witbcy. 
Geo.  R.  Cochrane. 
Wm.  L.  Dicken. 

John  GriiBn. 
V.  W.  Brace. 

John  M.  Knox. 

H.  L.  Stoflei. 


Chester  Cochran,    .Hiram  Bodge. 
Bemhard  Haack,     John  Leidl^n. 
Joseph  Stevenson,  Edward  Vlneent. 
John  W.  Harrison,' L.  A.  CUppL 
,C.  W.  Young,         jE.  L.  Warner. 

Bernard  P.  Cowley, loeo.  E.  Gillain. 
Kasper  Lahnis,       laaac  Maiselji. 
Edw.  Sawbridge,     Norwood  Bowera. 
John  Blomquist,     Alex.  Leinonen. 
D.  W.  Hiller,  ij.  W.  QotshaU. 


Counties, Mount  Clemens, 

1878 German  Farmers  of  St.  Clair  County,. . .  Casco, 
1859  German  Farmers  of  Washtenaw  County,  Ann  Arbor, 

1881  Ionia,  Eaton,  and  Barry  Farmers lonla, 

1871  Lapeer  County  Farmers, Atmonnt, 

1863,  Livingston  County, Howell, 

1881'Mlchigan  Millers, Lansing, 

ISflljMichigan 'Lansing, 

1885  Michigan  Mutual  Tornado,  Cyclone,  and  I 

. «.^w    Windstorm  Fire listings, 

1870lMonltor  of  Oakland  County Four  Towns, 


John  M.  Smith, 
!  John  F.  Zeigler, 

jcarl  Jnengel, 
IE.  Schneider. 
*  Jacob  J.  Rcichert, 
Nathan  B.  Hayes, 
,H.  D.  Rood. 
Albird  M.  Davis^ 
Cieorge  W.  Jenka, 
|C.  F.  Hammond, 

|S.  W.  Mapea, 
o.  D.  Cow( 


I  Geo. 


'owdin. 


|S.  D.  KaUierman. 
•Hairy  F.  Kcxwrnaa. 

Lr.  T.  Weiae. 
Jacob  L.  KellcT. 
Chaa.  Brown. 
J.  Warren  Peake. 
,C.  B.  Kidder. 
E.  D.  Sargeui. 
Arthor^T.  I>av1». 
Chaa.  £.  Gamts^. 

D.  W.  Rofters. 
Chaa.  E.]>ewv7. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


DiBBGTORT  OF  COMPAJ7IXS,  FiRE. 


519 


Name  of  ComiMny. 


Location. 


President. 


1884 


Michigan  Mutual  Co" ».— Continued,  i 
1878  Mutual  City  and  Villag*?  Fire  of  Berrien, 

Caes,  and  Van  Bnren  Countiw, 

1876  Patrons  of   Newaygo,  Mu«kegon,  and 

Oceana  Counties, 

1871  Peoples  of  Ionia,  Montcalm,  and  Clinton 

Counties, 

1890'Saglnaw  Vallev, 

"""1  Scandinavian  Farmers  of  Montcalm  and 


Kent  Counties,. 

Shiawassee, 

Souttiem  Washtenaw  Fanners, . 


1891 
18n 

1863, St.  Joseph  County  Village, 

1887  Swedish  Farmers  of  Occola  and  Wexford 

Counties 

1875Tentonia    Fanners    of    Macomb    and 

Wayne  Counties, 

1863  Three  Rivers  Farmers  of  St.  Joseph  Co., 

1888.  Tuscola  County  Farmers, 

1S90  Waahtenaw, 


Dowagiac, 

Fremont, 

Ionia, 
Saginaw, 

Gowen» 
Vernon, 
River  Raisin, 
C'entreville, 

(iilbert, 

Deti-oit, 
Three  Rivers 
Caro, 
Ann  Arbor, 


Secretary. 


T.  G.  Rlx,  .Henry  H.  Porter. 

LachlanMcCallum,  .\.  O,  White. 


I 

John  E.  Taylor, 

W.  C.  McCfure, 


,T.  G.  Stevenson. 
J.  P.  Sheridan. 


Hans  Christenson.   C.  J.  Nielsen. 
jHoraceW.Bigelow,  (has.  A.  Whelan. 
.A.  Hitchcock,  II.  R.  Palmer. 

Thos.  G.  Greene,     Samuel  Cross. 

Charles  Carlson. 


John  Cartson, 

IJohn  Hallmer, 
J.  J.  Miller, 
W.  J.  Campbell, 


Henry  Lanco. 
J.  M.  Wetherbee. 
('.  D.  PetershauB. 


MINNESOTA.  ! 

Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1891  Farmers  Alliance, Austin, 

1803  Millers  and  Manufacturers, Minneapolis, 

1890{Heklo  lire, St.  Paul, 

1866  St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine St.  Paul, 

1888  Syndicate, Minneapolis, 

I  Mutual  Cotnj)ani4s. 

1880'Acoma  and  Lynn  Township, 
1880  Agaesiz  and  Odessa, 


John  F.  Spafor^,    Wm.  K.  Childs. 


J.  J.  Furlong,         J.  D.  Sheedy. 

;c.B.  Shove. 

CJeo.  W.  Sprague,  IThos.  C.  Hodgson. 
|C.  H.  Blcelow,       \i\  B.  Gilbert. 
I  John  DeLaittre,      Jacob  Stone. 


1881 
1886 


Arctander  and  Lake  Andrew, .... 
Austin  Farmers  Fire  and  Storm,. 


.  Acoma, 
.  Bellingham, 
.  Norway  Lake, 
.  Dexter, 
.  Barber, 
Beaver  Creek, 


1889  Barber  Farmers,. 

ia«  Beaver  Creek 

1889  Big  Stone  Farmers  of  Big  Stone  and  Lac 

qui  Parle  Counties Ortonville, 

1889  Blue  Earth  Farmers, Blue  Earth  City, 

1867  Chisaeo  Lakes  Skandinaviska  Brandf6r-  Centre  City, 

eakrings  Forening, 

1888Collnwood Daseel, 

1881  Deerfleld  Fanners, Dcerfleld, 

1888  Delafield  Farmers, Windom, 

1885  Delaware  Fanners, Herman, 

1881  Dovre  and  Mamre, Grue, 

1889  Fairmount  Farmers, Fairmont, 

1880  Farmers  Alliance Halstad, 

1878  Farmers  Gjensldigc  of  Bath, Clark's  Grove, 

1881  Farmers  Gjcnsidige  Assurance  Selskab 

of  Hawk  Creek, 

1888  Farmers  of  Acton,  Genesee,  Meeker,  and 
I        Kandiyohi  Counties, Acton, 

1879  Farmers  of  Cottage  Grove, Cottage  Grove, 

1887  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Bloomlleld,. . . .  Etna, 

1688  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Harmony, Harmony, 

1889  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Vail, Oriole, 

1876  Farmers  of  Manchester, Manchester, 

1882  Farmers  of  North  Fork Crow  Lake, 

1871  Farmers  Protective  of  Career  County, . .  East  Union, 

1887  Flom, Wild  Rice, 

1887  Foster  Farmers, Banks, 

1891  GarfleJd  Farmers, .Fertile, 


Oliver  Pierce, 
Adam  Walch, 
Nets  Qoam, 
J.  J.  Furlong, 
Jacob  Linder, 
Thomas  Raw, 

'Moses  Smith, 
Leopold  Dorge, 
G.  J.  Vieburg, 


Oscar  Olson, 
GottfrledBosshard, 
R.  Kuhnan, 
L.  L.  Brewster, 
LarsAnison, 
jC.  W.  Jones, 
G.  O.  Gelbertson, 
J.  P.  Larson, 


H.  V.  Bonnlwell. 
J.  F.  Rosenwald. 
8.  A.  Syverson. 
R.  Eckford. 
,Adam  Scheid. 
A.  H.  Grout. 

!  William  Geilt. 
<r.  J.  Kirschner 
IJ.  Walfrid. 

Erik  Dablman. 
(\  Yust. 

Ole  Frederickson. 
H.  H.  Schram. 
().  N.  Grue. 
W.  H.  Willson. 
A.  O.  Serum. 
Loren  Jacobson. 


Sacred  Heart,     'E.  8.  Gundersen,     Ole  Fngleskjil. 


Amt  Tbomason, 
.William  Fowler, 
L.  Lasscll, 
T.  G.  Moore, 
John  Stewart, 
RoUef  Thykeson, 
O.  Herbrandson, 
A.  J.  Carlson, 
E.  L.  Tomtengen, 
J.  H'  Burmester, 
O.  P.  Renne, 


O.  M.  Linnell. 
J.  P.  Furber. 
C.  L.  Avery. 
A.  H.  Daniels. 
.James  Loubottom. 
'ivoe  A.  Rodsater. 
O.  E.  Vig. 
John  Ahlin. 
G.  O.  Lund. 
F.  F.  Schow. 
T.  M.  Nesseth. 


.,y.  zed  by  Google 


520 


DiRBGTOBT  OF  COXPAITISB,   FiRB. 


I: 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


pTpeidenL 


Secretary. 


V'allqr. 


I  MifiMtoia  Mvhtai  Oo's.- Oontinvtd. 

1884  German-American  of  Spring  Valley, ....  Spring  Vi 

1886  Hallock  Fanners, Hallock. 

1889Hartfonl Hartford, 

1879  Haraan  German, HaMsan, 

1879  Hay  Creek  Township, Hay  Creek, 

1875Ho]den  and  Warsaw, Holdea, 

1876  Holden  and  Wlieeling Holden, 

1890  Hope  Gjeneidige  AjM»nrance  Sclskab  of 

Tyler, Tyler, 

1887  KelBO  Farmen* Kelso, 

1876  Kcnyon,  of  Kenyon,  Ellington,  Holdon, 

and  Richlana, Kenyon, 

1885  Lac  qui  Parle  Town  Farmers  Union,  —  Madison, 

18S9  Lake  Crystal  Farmers,, I^ke  Crystal, 

1881  Lake  Park  and  Cuba, Lake  Park, 

1886  Leenthrop  Farmers, Leenthrop, 

1870  Leon, Cannon  Falls, 

1885  Louisville  Farmers, Marystown, 

1889  Lund, Milby, 

1888  Madella  Farmers, .Madelia, 

1888  Mcpherson  Farmers, St.  Clair, 

1888  Minnesota, Minncapolia, 

....  Minnesota  Lak6  Farmers, Minnesota  Lake, 

1883  Moe  and  Uniens ; 

1884  Mound  Prairie  Farmers, Mound  Prairie,   C.  Lehmann,  8r., 

1(®8  New  Auburn  Farmers, ' New  Auburn,      John  Mueffelraann, 

1880  New  Prague  Farmers  Town, I  Sew  Pragne,       iMatibias  Haner, 

1883  New  Sweden  Farmers, 'New  Sweden, 


IC.  Bsktaoff, 
IThos.  Harbom, 
iNicalaos  Irsfield, 
lOeorge  Scherber, 
Rnd<Mpb  Kmger, 
it.  N.  Languno, 
Martin  Rispert, 

A.  C.  Nielsen, 
Aognst  Delger, 

Christ  HalTorson, 
John  J.  Skobba, 
J.  H.  Greenwood, 
L.  W.  Pederson, 
Ole  Wefsenmor, 
C.  J.  Wing, 
Mathiaa  Poatz, 
John  P.  Norlander, 
Geo.  W.  Fanning, 
Jacob  Reoder, 
K.  R.  Barber, 


Wm.  Kumm. 
Wm.  Thompson. 
Fred-  Knarr. 
J.  RnsseU. 
William  Barman. 
H.  O.  Braalen. 
S.  A.  Wolf. 

Carl  Hansen. 
Henry  Sccman. 

O.  P.  Halebak. 
O.  M.  Larson. 
N,  P.  John. 
B.  O.  Bergereon. 
Klias  Jacobson. 
R.  T.  Brandrjild. 
H.  Bmggemann. 
N.  D.  Anderson. 
J.  B.  Yates. 
N.  Julian. 
•C.  B.  Shove, 


1887  North  Branch  Scandinavian, 'Spring  Lake, 

,  Minneot 


M.  P.  Chilgren, 
iJohn  Lcden, 
K.  K.  Kjomess, 
John  Jacobson, 
Otto  Hansen^ 
Thyke  E.  Ytterboe, 
John  O.  Tansem, 


1879  Norwegian  of  Elds  wold, Minneota, 

1886  Oscar  Farmers  Town Oscar, 

1887  Otisco  Farmers, Otisc*, 

1886  Palm jTa  Farmers, Palmyra, 

1885Park Holla, 

188(5  Parkers  Prairie, Parkers  Prairie,  C.  W.  Bradborg, 

1884  Patrons  Co-operative  of  Hennepin,  An- 

;       oka,  and  Ramsey  Counties Richfield,  Joseph  Hamilton, 

1880  Plalnview  Farmers, Plainview,  George  N.  Wedge, 

1884  Pleasant  Mound  German  Farmers, Pleasant  M'ds,    August  Urban, 

1880  Preble Preble,  (J.  Gabrielson, 

1882  Rochester  Farmers, Rochester,  John  M.  Dnell, 

1888  Rolliugstone  Farmers, Rollingstone,      August  Strehlow, 

1884  Rose  Dell Lnverne,  Thosen  O.  Opsata, 

1886  St.  Joseph, St.  Joseph.  -  -       - 

1889  Security, Minneapolis, 

1885  Sharon  Township, St.  Henry, 

188^1  Shelby  Farmers Amboy, 

1886  Spring  Garden  Leon, Cannon  Falls, 

1886  Spring  Vale Maple  Ridge, 

....  Sioux  A^ncy, Dcini, 

1889  Stanford  German, Stanford, 

1884  Stark  Farmers, Sleepy  Eye, 

1878  Stockholm,.  . .   Cokato, 

1879  Sumter  Township, ISiimter, 

1884  Svenlrup  Scandinavian, '  I'nderwood, 

I888iswect  Township, Pipe  Stone, 

1M80  Vasa  Farmers V'asa, 

1877  Vernon  Edda  of  Dodge  County, Vernon, 

1884  VIneland  Farmers, , Vineland, 

1876|Wanamingo,  Cherry  Grove,  and  Minne- 

1       o]a Wanamingo, 

1880  Westbrook, 'Westbrook, 

18T6,WheeUng, iNerstrand, 


Adam  LauMr, 
James  T.  wyman, 
Ernest  Sammers, 
A.  M.  Stephens, 
J.  P.  Gustafson, 
N.  Person, 


.\.  J.  Yon  Arx. 
Frederick  Strdch. 
Crist  Meyer, 
John  "Webster. 
Charles  J.  Dah. 
Ole  L.  Orscn. 
Fred.  N.  FiWd. 
Otto  C.  Johnson. 
Ellas  M.  EricMM. 
H.  O.  Olson. 
J.  A.  Hawkinson. 

E.  J.  WoodvanL 
AndreiK'  French. 
S.  A.  Lndtkc. 
A.  Ameson. 
Jacob  Schmelzer. 
John  Kohner. 
Iver  D.  Eitdm. 
Fred  Schroeder. 
C.  H.  Spencer. 
'D.  J.  Frdborg. 
E.  D.  Cornish. 
John  Lagiers^troto 
A.  M.  Nordell. 


F.  Schoenrock, 
Peter  Mertz, 
L.  P.  Osterberg, 
John  Jungclaus, 
Ole  P.  Spordal, 
N.  G.  Huntington, 
J.  W.  Peterson, 
'Carl  J.  Tverbeiig, 
P.  O.  Latermoe, 

O.  J.  Wing, 
T.  Torjerson, 
Christian  Deike, 


A.  Steinkc. 
John  J.  Penning. 
jOltor  Nelson. 
Carl  Hagen. 
|C.  Robertscm. 
'F.  M.  Payne. 
A.  G.  Rosing. 
Fremont  Jacktvm. 
Grin  O.  StortrcAr.. 

Oxel  Haller. 
Detlev  Kordne. 
T.  E.  Bondc. 


DatBCTOBT  OF  COMPAKIBS,  FiBE. 


«21 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


ProBident. 


Secretary. 


White  Bear  L'k, 
wiiminVton,' 


Minnesota  Mutual  Co's.— Continued. 
1888J White  Bear  Lake  of  White  Bear  Lake 

I       and  adjoining  towns, 

1880,  Wilmar  Farmers, , 

1876  WUmineton 

. . .  .jToong  America  Qermania, iHambufg, 

I  MISSISSIPPI. 

Joint  Slock  Company, 

1886  MiHuaeippi  Home, ' Viclcabuiig, 

MISSOURI.  j 

Joint  Stock  Companies* 

1853  American  Central, St  Louis, 

183r|CltizenB, f^t.  Louie, 

I                 Mutual  Companies.  I 

1802'  American  Onaranty  Fund, St.  Louis, 

1888  Bolware  Farmers  Aid, Bay, 

1874  Boone  County  Home, Columbia, 

1S67  Cape  Girardeau  County  Mutual  Aid,. . . .  (fordonvllle, 

1868  Carondelct  Home, St.  Louis, 

1^71  Cedar  Fork  Mutual  Fire  Benefit,  I'odar  Forks, 

1369  Clover  Bottom, Caeco, 

1877  Farmers  of  Schuyler  County, (in«n  City, 

18T6  Farmers  Mutual  Aid  of  Weldon  Springs,,  Weldon  Spr'gs, 

1880  Farmers  Lightning  and  Windstorm  of! 

Andrew  County, Bolckow, 

1887  Farmers   of   Meramee   and  Big  Creek 

River  Townships Dittmers, 

1876  Farmers  of  St.  Louis  County, Clayton, 

1876  Farmers  of  Warren  County, Warrenton, 

1 887  Farmers  of  Lawrence  County, |  Freietatt, 

1881  Floriaant, iFlorisant, 

18841  Franklin, St.  Louis, 

1868!(}erman, St.  Louis, 

18801  German  in  Lincoln  Township, Amazonia, 

1860!  Hermann, Hermann, 

1883*  Home, Lincoln, 

1867  Hone, St.  Louis, 

1861 1  Jefferson St  Louis, 

1860|  Laclede  Fh^  and  Marine,  -. St.  Louis, 

18491  Missouri  State  Fire  and  Marine, St.  Louis, 

18791  Mutual  Aid  Society  of  Osage  County, . . .  Koeltztown, 

1 877  Oakfleld, Oakfield. 

lH©0|Owen8ville  Farmers, Owensville, 

1877i  Patrons  and  Farmers  Home  Protection 

of  Ray  County, Liberty, 

IfiTT  Patrons  and  Farmers  of  Cass  County,.. .  Harrison ville, 

1878  Patrons  Home  Protection  of  Clay  Co.,..  Lii)erty, 

1H76]  Patrons  of  Lafayette  County, illgginsville, 

1860  St  Charles, Ist.  Charles, 

1852|  St.  Louis St.  Louis, 

1«65;  Warren  and  St  Charles  G'ounty, St.  Charles, 

1867. Washington, St.  Louis, 

I  NEBRASKA. 

\  Joint  Stock  Companies.  \ 

1885  Farmers  and  Merchants, Lincoln, 

189".^  German .Omaha, 

1884  Home  Fire, Omaha, 

1889  Omaha  Fire Omaha, 

ro* 


L.  O.  Romsaa,        'Jens  Solhaug. 


Ole  O.  Mvhre, 
Christ  Dittmar, 


£.  O.  Stencroden. 
Henry  Dreier. 


John  B.  Matti4?ly,  A.  C.  Lee. 


.George  T.  Cram, 
;J.  B.  McKehlor, 


J.  E.  Werth, 
■W.  F.  Lan^'enberg. 
J.  S.  Dorscy, 
Peter  Hanscben, 
John  KrausB, 
I  William  Koch, 
I  William  11.  Bolte, 
iH.  H.  Brcnzer, 
M.  F.  Pfarr, 

Joseph  Rea, 

(<eo.  Brackmann, 
James  A.  Eddy, 
.August  Hollman, 
.John  J.  Spllman, 
John  Stroer, 
I  Henry  Meier, 
Jacob  Gruen, 
Christian  Jemai, 
Henry  Koneck, 


C.  Christensen. 
John  £.  Harrison. 


C.  A.  Windmuller. 
l)\e  F.  Stoenner. 
I E.  B.  Rumyan. 
Charles  Bartels. 

C.  W.  Hoffmeister. 
William  Koch. 
William  H.  Bolte. 

D.  J.  Tipton. 
|S.  J.  Zerr. 

L.  J.  Beecber» 

John  Brunns. 
Christian  D.  Wolff. 
H.  G.  Quincy. 
H.  Bierman. 
Herman  Hoorman. 
Emile  Heintz. 
W.  K.  Walther. 
G.  Segesflcmann. 
August  Meyer. 


Frank  Carter,  Henry  Schmitt 

H.  Elsenhardt         C.  K.  Fritsch. 
Robert  W.  Powell,  James  C.  Bury,  Jr. 
W.  F.  Homes,  George  J.  Kaime. 

(t.  H.  Schauweckcr,  Casper  Ortbals. 
Charles  Hardt,  B'rcderic  Walz. 
D.  H.  Stiles,  John  Tappmeyer. 


J.  C.  Evans, 
■Dr.  P.  C.  Homey, 
J.  C.  Evans, 
William  C.  Beatie, 
J.  Phil.  Hwhn, 
(}.  H.  Elbrccht, 
!j.  Phil.  Hoehn, 
Phillip  Gnmur, 


W.  E.  Harbaugh. 
P.  C.  Taylor. 
W.  E.  Harbaugh. 
J.  T.  Ferguson. 
H.  J.  Sch'oencich. 
John  A.  Sutter. 
H.  J.  Schoeneich. 
Louis  J.  Bchrens. 


,D.  E.  Thompson,    S.  J.  Alexander. 


is.  H.  H.  Clark, 
!A.  J.  Poppleton, 


Charles  J.  Barber. 
S.  F.  Josaelyn. 


ioogle 


022 


DmiCTOBT  OF  COMPAHIBS,   FiBB. 


o 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


Pmident 


Secretary. 


Mutual  Companies.  ' 

188T  Fannoni  of  Richardson  County, Falls  City, 

1891  Fjirmere, G€neva, 

1H91  Fanne  re Plat  t«mouth, 

1887  Frtmifffi  I'nlon, (irand  Island, 

1889  (iajfe  County Bine  fctprings, 

188T(Iegtnf*<'itiKe  Feurer  VorMichtTunfj!"  Cic»- 

sHlchaft  dw  Deut.Hclu'n  Vordnt*,....  Blue  Ilill, 
ISSTtiej^'imritigc  Veucj-lK'run|?B  Vereiii  voni 

Cuminj:  ( 'oumy, Weet  Point, 

1888  Hannnond  PrttMnct Davenport, 

1887  Mutual    Fire    of    (ierinau    Fanneru   of 

Saunden*  (  ounty, Cedar  Bluffs, 

1891  MorchantB  I'liion Kearney, 

1H7H  Scaiulia  Mutual  ProtiH-tion, Swedeeburgb, 

1888  Svca  Mutual  of  Saunders  County, Wahoo, 


NEW  UAMPSHIRE.  ; 

Joint  Sunk  Compiinies.  \ 

lann  Capital  Fire,  Concord, Concord, 

188fi  Fire  ruderwriltT**, Concord, 

1885  (iranitc  State  Fire Port»month, 

181H»  New  Hampshire  Fire, Manchester, 

IK'-S  PeopU-s  Fire, Manchester, 

187?  PortHuiouth  Fire, Portsmouth, 

1885  Stale  Dwelling  House, Concord, 


I.  W.  Harria, 
J.  M.  Ward, 


Samuel  Licbty. 


C.  L.  Ervin, 
Joeeph  Rdfl, 


W.  L.  WaiaitL 
T.  P.  Teagaiden. 


Friedrich  Krueger,  Wm.  BInmenthal, 


C.  Boeckenhaner, 
U.  H.  Hoover, 


Adam  Schiferi. 
|C.  S.  Bean. 


N.  Schlichting,  Clans  Han^ien. 

J.  H.  Darner,  'j.  J.  Whittier. 

S.  N.  Elmllund,  ;C.  Carlwn. 

Nels  Brodahl,  Nela  Ro«engren. 


Lyman  Jackman,    Chaa.  L.  Jacknun. 
Lj'nian  Jackman,    Thomas  M.  Lang. 
Frank  Jone^,  Alfred  F.  HowaH. 

James  A.  Weaton,  'John  C.  French. 
J.  C.  Moore,  S.  B.  Steams. 


Frank  Jones, 
F.  A.  McKean, 

i 


Alfred  F.  Howard. 
Obadiah  MonilL 


F.  A.  McKean, 
Almon  D.  Tollee, 
J .  Frank  Tenney, 
Rufns  S.  Fobs, 
Henry  L.  Peaslee, 
Byron  W.  Clough, 
Francis  D.  Rowe, 
Myron  C.  Foster, 


Obadiah  Morrill. 

Obadiah  Morrill. 

C.  £.  Hills. 

IChas.  E.  Walker. 

Silas  A.  Riddle. 

Harrison  Colby. 

{Moses  F.  Emenms. 

Joseph  G.  Cloueh. 
John  Henry  Elliot,  William  H.  £llk»t. 
S.  C.  Eastman,  Louis  C.  Merrill. 
H.  A.  Wey month,  Chas.  W.  Emerson. 
Charles  McDaniel,  ,E.  C.  Hntchinson. 
Edward  Hardy,  C.  B.  Richaideoc 
F.  A.  McKean,  |Obadiah  Mazrill. 
E.  H.  Robinson,     iL.  M.  Sanborn. 


Mutual  Conipanifg. 

18813  .Etna, Concord, 

1887  American  Manufacturers, ( 'oncord, 

1880  Antrim, Antrim, 

1857  Barnstead, Barnstead, 

1873Be<lford Bedford, 

1886  Bow Bow  Mills, 

1859  Candla, Candia, 

1849  Canterbury, Canterbury, 

1826  Cheshire  County, Keene, 

1885  Concord, Concord, 

188()  Farmers, Franklin, 

1888  Grange iMilford, 

1846  Hollis, iHoUls, 

1880: Home  Manufacturers  and  Traders, Concord, 

1877!Loudon Loudon, 

1 862  Ijyndeborough, Lyndeborough, 

1885;M)anufacturcr8  and  Merchants, IConcord, 

1877  Merrimack  County, [Webster, 

ISClMllford, 'Milford, 

1887  New  Durham, New  Durham, 

1881  Northwood, IN'hwood  Nar's,  Moses  G.  James, 

18860xford, Oxford,  John  Blckford, 

1871  Piermont, Plermont,  H.  H.  Palmer, 

1 838  Rockingham  Farmers, Exeter,  John  S.  Hobbs, 

1873Rumney, IRumney,  Geo.  C.  Spaldmg, 

1876  Sanboruton, ISanbomton,        Jona.  H.  Taylor, 

1&53,  Strafford Ce'tre  Strafford,  Mark  F.  Fobs, 

1880  Sunapee, Sunapee,  C.  A.  Knowlton, 

1849  Sutton, Sutton,  Edwin  B.  Lear, 

1887  IMlton  and  Northfleld, ITilton,  W.  Smith  Hill, 

!£^K*^'^*''  ••;••, Weare,  .Wm,  T.  Morse,       , — . »^^„. 

J!;S  Westmoreland i  Westmoreland,    Daniel  W.  Patten,   WUlard  BUI,  Jr. 

lS58.Wilmot, WUmot,  i Sylvester  Bunker,  I G.  £.  Woodward. 


N.  T.  McInUre, 
Edward  G.  Leach, 


iJohn  H.  Goodrich. 
Lyman  Jackman. 


Francis  B.  Sawyer,] Sherman  Little. 
B.  F.  Hutchinson,    F.  W.  Richardson. 


H.  G.  Chamberlhi. 


Eben  B.  Berry. 
Samuel  S.  James. 
B.  F.  Trassell. 
Aaron  Barten.  Jr. 
Henry  A.  Shnte. 
Charlee  V.  Bunker. 
H.  J.  L.  Bodwell. 
Geo.  F.  John^m. 
Erastne  R.  Bt^ycc 
Harmon  P.  Austin. 
I  George  Phllbrick. 
Hiram  Bnsw^U. 


DiBSCTOBT  OF  COMFAHIBS,   FiBX. 


628 


E 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


NEW  JERSEY. 
Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1846i  American, Newarlc, 

1841  Camden, ;Camden, 

1855  Firemene, Newark, 

1868  Merchants, Newark, 

1831  Meant  Holly, Mount  Holly, 

1866  National  Fire  and  Marine, Elizabeth, 

1811  Newark Newark, 

1826  New  Brunswick, New  Brunswick, 

1868  Standard, Trenton, 

I  Mutual  Companies.  , 

1846  American, Piaiufleld, 

1849  Bergen  County  Farmers, t)radell, 

1688  Bound  Brook Bound  Brook, 

1821  Burlington  County, Medford, 

1H44  Cumberland, Bridgeton, 

1829  Elixabeth Elizabeth, 

1844  Essex  County, Bloomfleld, 

1S66  Farmers  of  New  Jersey, Readington, 

1S60  Farmers  of  Warren  County, Vienna, 

1851  Farmers  of  Salem  County Salem, 

1879  Franklin  Farmers  of  East  Millstone, ....  East  Millstone, 

1867  Hackettstown, Hackettstown, 

1844  Hillsborough  of  Somerset  County, Bound  Brook, 

1868  Holmdel, Holmdel, 

1844  Mercer  County, Pennington, 

1858  Monmouth  County, Freehold, 

1849  Morris  County  Mutual  Life  and  Fire,. . .  Morristown, 

1846  New  Brunswick, ;New Brunswick. 

1834  New  Jersey, Croeswicks, 

1S81  Patrons, Hamilton  Sqr., 

1838  Kahway, .Rahway, 

1849  Salem  County, [Salem, 

1838  Shrewsbury, I  Eatontown, 

1840  Sussex  County, jNewton, 

1«67  West  Windsor, Dutch  Neck, 


President. 


F.  H.  Harris, 
Henry  B.  Wilson, 
John  H.  Kase, 
Henry  Powles, 
Amos  Gibbs, 
Amos  Clark,        v 
John  J.  Henry, 
Jas.  H.  Van  Cleef, 
William  Dolton, 


Secretary. 


James  H.  Worden. 
Joseph  K.  Sharp. 
Charles  Colyer. 
J.  K.  MuUikin. 
John  R.  Howell. 
Moties  F.  Cory. 
Frank  F.  Mc Bride. 
Frederick  Weigel. 
iWm.  C.  Lawrence. 


I 


John  Ross, 
A.  C.  Holdrum, 
(ieorfje  Stryker, 
Charles  Stokes, 
I).  P.  Elmer, 
Edw.  C.  Woodruff, 
Joseph  E.  Oakes, 
Peter  G.  Schomp, 
John  R.  Carr, 
Wm.  B.  Carpenter, 
P.  J.  Staats, 
Seymour  R.  Smith, 
H.  P.  Cortelyou, 
L'fayette  Schmock, 
Enoch  H.  Drake, 
H.  W.  Murphy, 
J.  H.  Van  Dorcn, 
C^harles  W.  Kent, 
A.  Satterthwait, 
David  Lee, 
Isaac  Osbom, 
William  Patterson, 
Henry  Corlies, 
Thomas  Lawrence, 
Joseph  H.Grover, 


NEW  YORK. 
Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1868  Agricultural, Watertown, 

1811  Albany, Albany, 

1857  American, New  York, 

1849  Broadway, I  New  York, 

1867  Buffalo  German, Buffalo, 

1849  Citizens, New  York, 

1859  Commerce, Albany, 

1850  Commercial  Union, [New  York, 

1886  Commonwealth, [New  York, 

1868  Contlnentol, New  York, 

1806  Eagle, New  York, 

1850  Empire  City, New  York, 

1858  Excnange, New  York, 

18r2Farragut,.  "      "    * 


L.  E.  Barkalew. 
Isaac  Demarest. 
John  Bush. 
Henry  P.  Thorn. 
Charles  S.  Fithlan. 
M.  W.  Halsey. 
Joseph  H.  Dodd. 
A.  J.  Thompson. 
Lewis  Merrill. 
Woodnut  Pettit. 
Peter  X.  VanNuys. 
James  Fisher. 
;M.  W.  Scully. 
John  W.  Hance. 
Wm.  B.  Curlis. 
Chas.  A.  Bennett. 
(Juy  Minton. 
W.  E.  Florence. 
S.  T.  Vanarsdale. 
Charles  Mammell. 
A.  V.  Shotwell. 
J.  Bernard  Hilliard. 
Arthur  Wilson. 
Peter  S.  Decker. 
Jacob  R.  Wyckofl. 


I 


1872  German-American, 

l859Germania 

18<>4  Glens  Falls, 


New  York, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
(ileus  Falls, 

1868  Globe, New  York, 

18:J4  Greenwich, j  New  York, 

1852  Hamilton, iNewYork, 

1862  Hanover, INewYork, 


Jean  R.  Stebbins, 
J.  Howard  King, 
David  Adee, 
E.  B.  Magnus, 
Phillip  Becker, 
Edw.  A.  Walton, 
Q.  A.  Van  Allen, 
C'harles  Sewall, 
M.  M.  BeUllng, 
|F.  C.  Moore, 
I  A.  J.  Clinton, 
Lindley  Murray  .Jr., 
Richard  C. Combes, 
J.  E.  Leftlngwell, 
lEmil  Oelbermann, 
I  Hugo  Schumann, 
I  J.  L.  Cunningham, 
James  S.  Eadie, 
Mason  A.  Stone, 
D.  D.  Whitney, 
ll.  Remsen  Lane, 


H.  M.  Stevens. 
R.  V.  DeWitt. 
Wm.  H.  Crolius. 
Geo.  W.  Jones. 
Oliver  J.  Eggert. 
Frank  M.  Parker. 
E.  Darwin  Jenison. 
J.  H.  Kattenstroth. 
Chas.  S.  Bartow. 
Edward  Lanning. 
T.  J.  Gaines. 
Davis  J.  Burtis. 
G.W.  MontKomery. 
Samuel  Darbee. 
James  A.  Silvey. 
iChas.  Ruykbaver. 
'R.  A.  Little. 
.Wm.  Valentine. 

IbVi).' Leeds. 

.Charles  L.  Roe. 


524 


DiBSGTOBT  OF  GOMFAimE8,   FiBB. 


Name  of  Company. 


X.  r.  Joint  Stock  Co's.—Oontinved. 


1858  Home 

1H68  KinfjB  Counly, 

1870  Miiiiuracturvre  and  Buildem,. 

186-2  NaHMti 

183.^  New  Y ork  Bowery, 

lH32N(AYork 

38J<J  Nirif^ra 

lli'.a  Norm  River, 

1851  pH.iftr 

1853  W'lvT  (  oopcr, 

185;UMionix 

1891  QiKi'ii  of  AmtTica, 

1872  UrtrhchtiT  German, 

l«53I{utpprH 

1H6<)  Stuyvinant, 

1871  ruion,  

1S2I  United  Slaton 

1 8.j;  Wcstrhentor 

1853  Williamslmrjih  City , 


Location. 


Mutual  Com))anie$. 
1887  Alliphany  County  Farmcrh  Co-operative, 
1^J*1  Alh'ghaiiy  County  VillJiye  Co-opcratlvc, . 

18^7  AniluTHt  and  Clarence  l"'aruiers, 

18H1  AndeH, 


187i»Artr>ie  Co-operative,. 
l877Af.hford 


1842  Atlantic. 

188:J  Ball»»tou  Co-operative, 

1854  IMhleheni 

188"-.*  Bovina  Co-oix-rative, 

188T  Broome  County  Farmers  Fire  Relief,... 

1889  Broome  County  Patrons  Fire  Relief 

1858  Brun^iwlck, 

1857  ButteiTiuts  Town 

1878|Callic(K)n  Agricultural  Mutual  Fire  Re- 
lief of  Sullivan  County 

1867  Cambridge 

18.''9'Canaan  Mutual 

1880! Caroline  Farmers, 

1885|CattarangT]e  County  Co-operative  Farm 
ere  Fire  Relief 

1882[Cftyuga  County  Farmers, 

1877:Cayuffa  County  Patrons  Fire  Relief, 

1859;  Charlton, 

1877|Chautauqna  County  Patrons  Fire  Relief, 

1884'ciienanKo  Conntv  Patrons  Fire  Relief,. . 

1880| Cherry  Valley,  Ro8el)Oom,  and  Westford 
I        Co-operative, 

1867r;iavcrack 

1878,('llfton  rark  and  Ualf  Moon  Mutual,... 

1869lcolymanH  Mutual, . . 

l842|Commerr)al  Mutual.    

1886  Co-OTK^rntivc  of  Greene,  Schoharie,  and 
I        Delaware  Counties, 

18><8|Co-operative  of  the  Town  of  Granville, . 

18H1  Co-operative  of  the  Town  of  Onondaga, 

189i.»  Co-operative  of  Wyoming  and  Genesee 
Counties 

l859|Copake 

1881  Cortland  County  Patrons  Fire  Relief',! ! '. 

IHfiO.Danby  Mutual, 


New  York, 

Brookljm, 
New  York, 
Brooklyn, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
New  Y<»rk, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
Brooklyn], 
New  York, 
Rochester, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
Buffalo, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
Brooklyn, 


Angelica, 
Angelica, 
Swormville, 
Andes, 
Argjie, 
West  Valley, 
New  York, 
Bunit  Bills, 
Bethlehem  Ctr., 
Bovina  Centre, 
McClure  Sel'mt, 
Kirk  wood, 
c  'ropsevville, 
Gilbertsville, 


PmideDt 


SecretaTj. 


Daniel  A.  Heald, 

Wm.  E.  Howell, 
William  Wood, 
William  T.  Lane, 
{Henry  Silberfaom, 
Augustus  Colson, 
|Peter  Notroan, 
Wm.  E.  Hutchina, 
Frank  T.  Sticson, 
,Wm.  H.  Riblet, 
Geo.  P.  Sheldon. 
IJas.  A.  Macdonald, 
-Firderick  Cook, 
[Edw.  B.  Fellows, 
Geo.  B.  Roada, 
George  Sandrock, 
M.  W.  Underbill, 
Geo.  R.  Crawford, 
Marshall  S.  Driggs, 


Wm.  L.  Bigelow. 
Thoa.  B.  Greeoe. 

B.  S.  Terhmie, 
J.  Jay  Neatell. 
Tbos.  M.  Uarro. 
J.  Frank  Pattereon. 
Charles  A.  UnlL 
Geor^  C-  Howe, 
Fivd.  H.  CYnni. 
Georse  Jeremiah. 
Monfmer  J.  Enni^ 
(!hark#  C.  Ut:le 
Geo.  W.  Bnrrbell, 
H.  F.  Atwood. 
Henry  C  Krei«r. 

C.  A.  Gartbwaiu. 
Alexander  Martin. 
W.  H.  Griffen. 
John  Q.  Und^rLi.'. 
FredencklL  Wa>. 


North  Branch, 
Ctr.  Cambridge, 
Canaan*  Center, 
Slaterville, 

I  Randolph, 
Poplar  Ridge, 
Poplar  Ridge, 
( :harlton, 
Jamestown, 
Norwich, 

'Cherry  Valley, 
Mellenville, 
Clifton  Park, 
iMellenville, 
New  Y'ork, 

Catskill, 
(Jranville, 
East  Onondaga, 

Attica, 
C'opake, 
Hunt's  Comers, 
Danby, 


■Herman  Rice, 
|W.  K.  Paul, 
iFredrich  Stephan, 
;W.  S.  Doig, 
I  Robert  G.  Clark, 
Ijohn  L.  Murphy, 
John  1).  Jones, 
A.  B.  Comstock, 
.A.  W.  Becker, 
John  R.  Hey, 
I  M.G.G.  Valentine, 
I  John  Moses, 
Abram  Bulson, 
jJoseph  Soden, 

|Wra.  J.  Harding, 
lErastUH  Becker, 
Daniel  W.  Curtis, 
Ijamee  Boice, 

Geo.  A.  Gladden, 
I  A.  Lautermann, 
lA.  Lantennann, 
I A  lex.  C>ane, 
Alfred  Rider, 
Geo.  P.  Cushman, 


J.  n.  Rntherfonl 
J.  H.  Ruth«-Tfor\L 
GooTRC  L.  MiilcT. 
W.  C.  Laing. 
E.  H.  SnTder. 
Wm.  H.  ProTTor. 
Joeeph  n.  Chay. 
J.  ILTibbeti^. 
Geo.  F.  Imbric. 
Robt.  F.  Thoni*i.i. 
J.  M.  Fletcht  r. 
Leonard  Gaisv. 
Thomas  H.  Bra^ 
W.  D.  DonaKi!<*>r. 

Wm.  .T.  GebbiLrJT. 
Horace  Dodd:^ 
Leroy  L.  Bro^t-n 
R.  G.  H.  Spcc^. 

Bcni.  F.  GoQSilf'a. 
Elisha  Cook. 
EllKha  Cook. 
J.  H.  Heddt^.       . 
W.  C.  QUTonl. 
Chas.  H.  StanU'T. 


John  Gilday,  Almon  Brov^^. 

Almon  Miller,  John  Fowltr. 

M.  Van  Voorhees,  |W.H.H.TouTtei;« 
Almon  Miller,  John  Fowler. 

W.  Irving  Comet,    Henry  D.  Kin;: 


J.  H.  Baglcy,  Jr., 
M.  F.  C7l)ay, 
Geo.  B.  Clark, 


Omar  V,  Sap^ 
John  R.  S^:tp'«- 

R.  K.  SlOCDBi. 


Rosewell  C.CnrtiB»,'Ambro*e  LN-^al 
!  A  Imond  Shu  felt,  j  W .  Van  De  K- :  -5l 
'Frank  J.  Collier,  I  William  E.  H'  .U 
I  John  Thomas,        ,L.  L.  Been> 


jOOgle 


DiRECTOBT  OF  COMPAKIBB,   FlRE. 


525 


o 


iV^.  Y.  Mutual  Co'*.— Continued. 

1880  Davenport, DavcDport, 

1887  Decatur,  Worcester,  and  Maryland  Co- 
operative,   

1881  Delaware  Coontj  Patrons  and  Farmerti 

I       Relief, RockRift, 

18B0  Delhi, :  Delhi, 

1860iDryden  and  Groton, Etna, 

1836  Dutcheae  County, Pou^hkeepaie, 

1868  Easton  Mutoal, Easton, 

1887  Erie  and  Niagara  County  Fanners, Swormvllle, 

1874  Erie  County, iBaffalo, 

1880  Erie  County  Farmers  Fire  Relief, '  Derby, 

1881  Farmers  Co-operative  of  the  Towns  ot 

Camillus,  Clay,  Lysander,  and  Van 

Buren Baldwinsville, 

1877  Farmers  of  Oneida  County, Delta, 

1867  Farmers  of  Greene  CJounty, (ireenville, 

1877:Farmers  of  Danube, jMiuden, 

1880  Farmers  Fire   Relief   of   Pompey  and- 

i       Fabius, Delphi, 

186l!Farraers  of  the  Town  of  Minden, I'rcys  Bush, 

1864  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Palatine, Stone  Arabia, 

18(%:Farmers, Eeperance, 

1866Farmer8   of   Fulton   and  Montgomery! 

Counties, IPerth. 

1867!Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Catskill, |Catskil1, 

....  Farmers  of  Fort  Edward, Fort  Edward, 

1879  Farmers  Indemnity  of  Cayuga  County, .  Moravia, 

1888  Farmers  of  Milaa,  Pine  Plains,  and  Stan- 

'       ford, Lafayetteville, 

1877  Farmers  of  Orleans  and  Niagara  Co's,.  .Lockport, 

1882  Farmers  Reliance  of  Chemung,  Schuy- 

'       ler,  and  Yates  Counties, Penn  Yan. 

1884  Fanners  of  Clinton, Schultzville, 

18m)  Farmers  of  Red  Hook, Ued  Hook, 

1880  Farmers  of  Rhinebcck, Khincbeck, 

1878  Fire  Relief  of  Wayne  County, Lyons, 

1838  Galway, ( i  alway, 

1879  German  of    Wayland    and    adjoining 

towns  in  Steuben  County, Wayland, 

1876  German  Mutual  Fire  and  Ala, Bergholz, 

1867  Gcrmantown  and  Clermont, ( rcnnantown, 

1888  Ghent  Mutual, ( ihent, 

1887  Glen  Cove, IJlen  Cove, 

1864  Gnilderland, (Juilderland, 

1878  Hamden,  Ilamden, 

1877  llarmonia, Buffalo, 

1886  Hartford  Town  Co-operative, Hartfonl, 

1886  Hartwick, HartwichSem'y, 

1877  Hebron  Mutual, West  Hebron, 

1867  Jackson, Cambridge, 

1877  Jefferson  County  Patrons  Fire  Rf^lief,.. .  Watertown, 
1858  Knox Knox, 

1878  Kartright Bloomville, 

1885{  Lancaster, Lancaster, 

18861  Lansing  Co-operative, Ludlowvillc, 

1877' Livingston  County, Scottnburgh, 

1858  Livingston  Town, Livingston, 

18«2'Ma*li8on  County  Farmers, (.'hittenango, 

1888  Manhattan iGoshen, 

1891  Montgomery  and  Fulton   Patrons  Fin>. 

Relief Randall, 

1836  Mutual  Fire  of  Albany, Albany, 


Robert  B.  Kerr,       R.  L.  Uebbard. 


W.  A.  Glfford, 
Henry  Davie, 
J.  E.  McElheny, 
L.  H.  Vail, 
George  Gifford, 
John  B.  Fiegel, 
'Mathias  Rohr, 
Lorenzo  D.  Wood, 


F.  W^  Fenner, 
T.  D.  Roberts, 
|D.  Rundell, 
Stephen  Wagner, 
I 

David  McClure, 
I  Jacob  Snell, 
lAlbert  Kilts, 
Charles  Baumis, 


J.  L.  Barlow. 
IJ.  I.  Goodrich. 
I  Bradford  Snyder. 
J.  J.  Graham. 
F.  W.  Borden. 
H.  B.  Secrist. 
Joseph  M.  Kertz. 
George  W.  Carr. 


Otis  M.  Bigelow. 
8.  White. 
James  Stevens. 
Henry  Mesick. 

Hiram  McClure. 
Peter  Fake. 
.\.  Saltzman. 
J  as.  Van  Vechteu. 


Hiram  Hnbbs,         Hugh  B.  Major. 
Addison  D.  Plank,  8.  G.  Austin. 
William  Doig,         Albert  Williams. 
A.  D.  Lee,  J.  A.  Fulmer. 


Edwin  Pbillios, 
Cieo.  H.  Bradley, 

M.  H.  Grav, 
John  T.  Rymph, 
Gustavus  Cholwell, 
Philip  H.  Moore, 
UowfandRobinson, 
Robert  Kelly, 

John  A.  Scbwingel, 
Henry  Kruejger, 
Nathan  Dick, 
iCharles  Tray, 
Ebenezer  Kellum, 
Wm.  P.  Cromese, 
('aider  Terry, 
('has.  G.  Pankow, 
'  Enoch  B.  Norton, 
Geo.  O.  Lattin, 
iWm.  J.  McClcllan, 
I  A.  M.  Collins, 
I  Luke  Fulton, 
■('harles  Gaige, 
,F.  A.  Lyon, 
'  George  Hul>er, 
!(\  A.  Haskins, 
John  Logan, 
Adam  Fiiigar, 
F.  H.  Gates, 
C.  H.  Si)eucer, 

L.  M.  St.  John, 
George  t'uyler. 


John  S.  Bowman. 
J.  S.  Witmer. 


James  A.  Thayer. 
Duane  Story. 
Edgar  L.  Traver. 
.Albert  G.  Traver. 
A.  F.  Shelden. 
C.  O.  Cook. 

J.  Braunschweig. 
Wm.  Domfleld. 
John  H.  Hover. 
G.  A.  Kisselburgh. 
Daniel  V.  Weeks. 
Wm.  A.  Youne. 
John  B.  Marble. 
John  G.  Klein. 
L.  G.  Maynard. 
Wm.  C.  Davison. 
Jaa.  E.  McClellau. 

O.w!  Baker. 

Norman  O.  Bell. 
L.  W.  Gerowe. 
John  Leininger. 
C.  G.  BeiUaniin. 

E.  L.  McFet ridge. 
Samuel  Shults. 
W.  E.  Ladd. 

F.  W.  Fitzgerald. 

G.  A.  Dillenbeck. 
Henry  S.  Foster. 


DrBEOTORT  OF  COMPAHOKS,  FiRK. 


c 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


XlvcrvIUe, 
New  York, 
Cairo, 


Sand  I^e, 
Naseiia, 


'WcndelvlUc, 
I)e  Frewtville, 
Marcel  luB, 
('anandaigQ&, 
Mexico, 

OtCRO, 

rooperstown, 

Corfu, 

Spencerport, 


Jir.  r.  Mutual  Co'i.-Conthived. 

1888MQtual  Fire  of  Kinderhook  and  Stuy. 
Temnt, 

1809  Mutual  Fire  of  New  York 

1874  Mutual  of  the  Town  of  Cairo 

1878  Mutual  of  Sand  Lake,  Poetenkill,  Berlin, 
and  Stephentown 

1856  Nassau,  Scho<liik.  and  Chattiam, 

18»7  New  Ballimore, 

18W)  New  Kingston, 

1837  New  Scotland 

iwy  Niaf;ara  and  Erie  County  Fanners  Pro- 
tective,  

1858  North  and  East  Gn-enbush 

1883  Onondaga  County  Patroni*  Fire  Relief. . . 

1877  Ontario  (bounty  Patrons  Fire  Relief, 

1878  OBwepo  County  Fire  Relief 

188(5  Oteuo  Town 

1880  Otsepo  County  Farmers  Co-operative,.. . 

1875>  Patn)nB  Fire  Kolief 

1887  Patrons  Fire  Relief  of  Monroe  County, . 
1876  Patrons  Fire  Relief  of  Tompkins,  Schuy- 

!        ler,  and  Tio^a  Counties, 

1857Pitti»town, 

^8S6  Richmond  County 

J  HH3  St.  Lawrence  County  Fanners, 

18S<J,Sulem  Mutual  To\^ti, 

1878'Sauquoit  Valley  Farmers, 

1S59,  Saratoga, 

1887JSeneca  County  Patrons  Fire  Relief 

1881|Sharon,  Seward,  and  Carlisle  Co-opera- 

I    tive, rr... 

I860' Stamford, 

1887  Stark  Co-operative, 

18.5!>  Stillwater 

1836  Suffolk  County, 

—  Taghkanick, 

1887;Tioga  County  Patrons  Fire  Relief 

1887  Tompkins  County  Co-operative, 

1878  Venice  Town, 

1860  VUlage  of  Greenville,  Durham,  Wester- 

I       lo,  and  Rens8claerville, 

lass  Walton  Co-operative, 

1881  Westmoreland, 


iW.  O.Overacker, 
J.  C.  Hatie, 
.Seldon  H.  Htne, 


William  Upham, 
S.Van  Valkenborg, 
New  Baltimore,  I).  8.  Miller, 
New  Kingston,  Imuic  Birdsall, 
New  Salem,        Robert  B.  Taylor, 


John  F.  Brauer, 
S.  V.  A.  De  Freest, 
Job  Har^'ey, 
Robert  Moody, 
E.  1).  Chapman, 
l^Roy  E.  Bowe, 
W.  A.  Thayer, 
J.  O.  Greene, 
E.  P.  Root, 


Enlleld  Centre,  ,S.  Devenport, 
IMttstown,  Jonathan  Hoag, 


Reuben  Lord, 
Henry  Lovejoy, 
James  More, 
J.  M.  Porter, 
Ouaker  Springs,  Mark  T.  Ferris, 
Kcndaia,  U.  F.  Troatman, 


Richmond, 
Ogdensburgh, 
Salem, 
Sauquoit, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1887  Carolina Wilmhigton, 

1868  North  Carolina  Home Raleigh, 

1880  Pamlico  Insurance  and  Banking, Tarborough, 


Sharon  Centre, 

Stamford, 

Van  H^nersville, 

Stillwater, 

Southold, 

W.  Taghkanick, 

Spencer, 

Ithaca, 

Genoa, 

Greenville, 

Walton, 

Bartlelt, 


Seth  Parsons, 
E.  W.  Churchill, 
O.  H.  Springer, 
W.  H.  Blood, 
Jonathan  B.  Teny, 
B.  F.  Sheldon, 
S.  W.  Barrett, 
{John  Bull, 
£.  B.  Whitten, 

D.  M.  Wooeter, 
iCharles  B.  Baaeett, 
H.  H.  Tyler, 


' Jaaper  A.  Smith. 
J.  W.  Dnrbrow. 
O.T.  Scbermerhom. 

Arthur  K.  Feck. 
Abel  Merchant. 
Arthur  E.  Powell. 

C.  D.  Sanford. 
Samuel  Patton. 

Jacob  Blum,  Jr. 
James  M.  WcudeU. 
,C.  E.  Hall. 
Parwin  McCluTe. 
A.  L.  Sampson. 
FUley  Blakely. 
A.  C.  Shipman. 
G.  W.  Thomaif. 
H.  H.  Ooff. 

J.  H.  Theall. 
Jonathan  Morton. 
Charles  Metcalfe. 
NaUiaiuel  Well& 
David  H.  Safford. 
E.  C.  Birdseye. 
M.  B.  Wilbur. 
A.  J.  Baxtlen. 

Charles  M.  Hiller. 
R  K.  Van  Dyke, 
Albert  H.  Eckler. 

D.  W.  Ellsworth. 
Silas  F.  Overton. 
Wm.  Rockefeller. 
L.  W.  HuIL 
Otis  E.  Wood. 
JohnTlflu 

James  Stevens. 
Piatt  M.  Hanfoid. 
jMark  Cheney. 


NORTH  DAKOTA. 
Joint  Stock  Company. 
1889  Phoenix  Fire, 


Minot, 


I  Mutual  Companies.  ; 

3S§  Ji'^rmr™  County  of  Cass  County Everest, 

?^  &«^K  ^^r^*  ^^""'y.  Farmers Grand  Forks, 

J2?3  Northwestern  Scandinavian  Farmers, . . .  Grand  Forks 
188o.  Wash  County  Farmers Minto 


Geo.  W.  WUliama, 'M.  S.  Wlllard. 
Wm.  S.  Primrose,  'Charles  Boot. 
H.  L.  Staton,  T.  P.  Cheshire. 


E.  Ashley  Mears,     Wm.  B.  Mean. 


iEdward  Meilicke,  ;  W.  C.  Mac  Faddsi 

O.  L.  Steele,  Daniel  Fyfe. 

;s.  A.  Hofto,  ;l.  K.  HaaseU. 

iJae.  R.  Bonme,  =£.  £.  Dailv. 


ioogle 


DiBECTOBT  OF  COMFANIBB,   FiRB. 


627 


OHIO. 
Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1889  Cincinnatit 

1 881  Columbia. 

IS.%  Commercial, 


1867  Cooper^ . 

1850Eaj5le, 

lS64  £areka  Fire  and  Marine, 

1883  Fidelity  Fire  and  Marine, 

1832  Flremens, 

1865  Globe, 

1835  Merchants  and  Manufacturers, . . . 

1 887  Miami  Valley, 

1R63  Miami  Valley 

1881  National, 

1865  Ohio  Fire 

f  1881  Security  of  Cincinnati, 

1865  Tentonia  Fire  and  Marine, 

1836  Washintfton, 


.  Cincinnati, 
.  Dayton, 
.  Cincinnati, 
.  Dayton, 
.  Cincinnati, 
.  Cincinnati, 
,  Cincinnati, 
.  ( incinnati, 
.  Cincinnati, 
.Cincinnati, 
.  Cincinnati, 
.  I  Dayton, 
jCincinnati, 
.  i  Dayton, 
.Cincinnati, 
.:  Day  ton, 
/Cincinnati, 


Mutual  ComjMnUg. 

1 877  Allen  County  Mutual  Relief, 

1889  American, 

1S77  Ashland  County  Patrons, 

1S75  Brady  Township 

1 87  8  Brown  Township, 

1 873  Buckeye  Mutual, 

1881  Butler  and  Goshen  Mutual  Aid, 

1876  Central  Manufacturers, 

1  ?«K)|Central  Ohio, 

1826  (Cincinnati  Equitable, 

1877  Clark  Co.  Farmers  Protection  and  Aid,. 

1837  Columbiana  County, 

1890'County, 

1877  Crawford  County  Farmers, 

1877'  Delaware  County  Farmers, 

18S6i£:a8t  Union, 

1 882  Edinburg  Farmers  Protective, 

ld77lErie  County  Farmers, 

1887  Farmers  Aid, 

1880  Farmers  Home, 

Farmers  Mutual  Aid  of  Van  Wert  Co.,. 

Farmers  of  Medina  County, 

Farmers  of  Jackson  Township, 

Farmers  of  Darke  County, 

Farmers  of  Montgomery  County, 

._ Farmers  Protection  of  Defiance  Countv, 

18^  Farmers  Protection  of  Plain  and  Jack- 

,        son  Townships, 

Id77  Farmers, 

1887  Farmers  Home, 

1877  Farmers, 

1878  Farmers  Belief, 

1891  Fremont, 

1877|Fulton  County  Farmers, 

1807  Gegenseitiger  Feuer  Versicherungs  und, 

Untersttitzungs  Verein,  der  St.  Mar 

ien  und  St.  Stephana  G«meinden, . . . 
Gengenseitiger   UnterstiitzungB   Verein 

bei   Fouer,  von  den   Gliedem  der 

Keformirten  Gemdnden, 
German  Baptist, 


1879 

188^1 
1888 
1878 
1877 
1886 


Lima, 

Cleveland, 

Ashland, 

West  Unity, 

Malvern, 

Shelby, 

Damascus, 

Van  Wert, 

Columbus, 

(Cincinnati, 

Springfield, 

New  Lisbon, 

Hamilton, 

Bucvrus, 

Sunbury, 

VVooster, 

Edinburg, 

Sandusky, 

Atwater, 

New  Knoxville, 

LesUe, 

Whittlesey. 

Farmers  vllle, 

(trecnviile, 

Dayton, 

Farmer, 


Robert  T.  Bonsall, 

E.  M.  Thresher, 
J.  A.  Townley, 
W.  P.  Callahan, 
John  K.  (jreen, 

F.  A.  Rothier. 

E.  V.  Brookfleld, 
Geo.  McLaughlin, 
Samuel  J.  Hale, 
Wm.  H.  Culvert, 
W.  St., 

Alex.  Gebhart, 
Henry  C.  LTrner, 
Dr.  J.  A.  Walters, 

F.  A.  Rothier, 
Edward  Pane, 

E.  V.  Brookfleld, 
I 

W.  E.  Watkinp, 
Samuel  R.  House, 
ij.  A.  Myers, 
S.  A.  Browne  well, 
John  Thompson, 
S.  S.  Bloom, 
J.  P.  Hole, 
J.  S.  Brumback, 

G.  A.  Harman, 
iWm.  H.  Harrison, 
'James  AnderM)n, 
;E.  B.  Rogers, 
ij.  F.  Banner, 
jDanicl  Rexroth, 
William  D.  Miller, 
I  A.  Cunningham, 
I  Lester  Olmsted, 
;Calvin  Caswell, 
'Edgar  Whittlesay, 
IE.  H.  Meckstroth, 
Peter  Hertz, 
Hubert  Nettleton, 
Jerry  Harp, 
John  A.  McEowen, 
David  J.  Snepp, 
A.  L.  Rldenour, 


1886 


;New  Berlin, 

Miamisbnrgh, 

Medina, 

Thompson, 

Tiffin, 

tYemont, 

Wauseon, 


.  iCleveland, 


1  8<  '^  I  ^*^*  lUCUl  jjoptioii,  .  . 

l^s^l  I  German  Catholic,. 


Cleveland, 
Covington, 
Cleveland, 


Lewis  L.  Townley. 
'(>.  L  Gunckel. 
Edward  Shipley. 
Chas.  W.  Schenk. 
Samuel  P.  Post. 
Adam  Benus. 
Henry  Emerson. 
Albert  Capelle. 
R.  T.  demons. 
Winfleld  S.  Hukill. 
J.  W.  Montgomery. 
W.  A.  S.  Avers. 
Geo.  W.  Pohlman. 
John  VBell. 
Adam  Benus. 
J.  Linxweiler. 
I  Henry  Emerson. 


I 


Jacob  L.  Oberlin, 
Lewis  Mease, 
SUas  Crowell, 
E.  L.  Strong, 
John  Seitz, 
W.  H.  Raymond, 
S.  H.  Cately, 


I 

J.  W.  Derbyshire. 
O.  M.  Bailey. 
L.  O.  Hartman. 

A.  C.  Eaton. 
Thoe.  J.  McCobb. 
S.  F.  Stambaugh. 
J.  S.  Walker. 

F.  W.  Purmant. 
Chas.  H.  Towson. 
T.  S.  (Goodman. 

C.  H.  Merritt. 
Edward  C.  Gay. 
W.  H.  Hostetter. 

B.  Bcal. 

I  William  Barton. 
Ij.  S.  McCoy, 
ij.  R.  GiddUigs. 
J.  F.  Greene. 
George  W.  W^eldy. 
Wm.  Holbkamp. 
IC.  F.  Germann. 
!e.  H.  Gridley. 
O.  M.  Ulrich. 

D.  L.  Gaskill. 
I  Henry  Murr. 
|P.  P.  CuUer. 

Isaac  Hossler. 
T.  P.  Plate. 
iJ.  E.  Derhammer. 
;E.  J.  Ciapp. 
iJ.  H.  Knapp. 
K.  M.  Robinson. 
Tilden  Williams. 


William  Spitzig,      John  P.  Hoff. 


F.  Hartner, 
D.  D.  W^ne, 
William  Spitzig, 


A.  C.  Schwan. 
D.  G.  Warwick. 
John  P.  Hoflf. 


528 


DiRBcroRT  or  Coutahos,  Firb. 


Nune  of  Compuiy. 


Ohio  Mutual  Ch't.-amtimud. 
1880  («erman  Fannen«  WarrenevlUe, 

1879  German  Fanners, 

1H77  (iennan  Farmers, 

18s6{(RTman  Farmers  Protect! re, Pern bervllle, 
18>t8'(icmian,  in  Henry  and  Defiance  Counties, 

1858;(  Jerman  Mntaal, 

ISrskjcrman  Motaal, 

18:9  ( ii>nuan  Mutnal  of  Delphoo 

1H79  Horat'  of  NimiHhillen  and  Osnabarg, 

lK7r  Hume  of  Plain  and  Jaclcson  Township,. 

InTH  II  nron  County  Farmern, 

18.'i8  Knox  Counlv, 

1H7K  Lako  Township, 

1S81  'lj<'xiui:ton  Township  Aid, 

1h77  Lime  City  Farmers, 

1878  Lonlstown  Fanners, 

18r3,Manwfldd, 

18S1  i  Marlon  Mutual  of  Mercer  County, 

1880' Marl  bon»  Township  Farmers, 

1880  Mennonltcn  (iemeinde  Feuer  Verslcher- 
I  unjfs  Verein,  zu  Putnam  and  Allen 
I        Counties, , 

18.'J8.  Merrliants  and  Manufacturers, 

iHrrI  Morrhants 

1877  Miami  Farmers, 

1J«8  Minster 

18S8  Mutual  Aid   of  the   First    Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church, 

1874  Mutual  of  Cincinnati 

1882  Mutual  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  of 

Oranpe  Township, 

1877  Mutual 

1882  Mutual  Independent, 

1878  Mutual  Relief  of  Sandnslcy  County, 

1876  Mutual  of  Richland  Township, 

18T9iNorton  Mutual, 

18l8|()hio  Fanners  Le  Roy, 

1878  ()hlo  Grangers 

1877  Ohio  Manufacturers, 

ISSe'Ohio  Millers, 

187G|Ohio  Mutual,  Salem, 

1888  Palmer  Township, 

1881 1  Paris  and  Washington  Townships  Home. 

1878.  Patrons, 

1877  Patrons  Relief 

1891 1  i*eopIc8  Industrial, 

1875  Peoples, 

1877  Porry  Co.  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry. 

1875!phnpnix, 

187m|  i*ikc  Township  Farmers, 

18781  Pittsfleld 

1880  liandolpb,  

1885  Residence 

1890  Retail  Druggists, 

188a  Richland  County 

Ih86  Ricliland  Township  Farmers, 

] a82  Kootstown,  Protective, 

1H77  Sandy  and  Beaver  Valley  Farmers, 

1850  Seneca  Count?  Tiffin, 

1 SS9  Shelby  ( 'ounty  Farmers 

1878  Smith  Towns&ip  Aid, 

1H59  Sonnenbnrg  of  Wayne  Countv,. . .     . 
1857|Springflcld  and  adjoining  Townships," '. '. 


Location. 


Warrensrille, 
Morton, 
New  Bremen, 
WoodrUIe, 
Napoleon, 
Cincinnati, 
(ilandorf, 
Delphoe, 
Belfast, 
.New  Berlin, 
North  Fairfield, 
Mt.  Vernon, 
Lake, 
Alliance, 
Perrvsbnrg, 
liOnistown, 
Mansfield, 
St.  Rosa, 
Marlboro, 


Preaident. 


Sebastian  Fieg, 
,  John  Bnby, 
H.  F.  Knenning, 
E.  F.  EmstbaQsen, 
J.  Knapp  (director). 
H.  Hemmelgam, 
J.  H.  Uphans, 
Conrad  C^ise, 
Joe.  S., 
Clayton  Holl, 

A.  D.  Stotta, 
Wm.  McClelland, 
J.  W.  Krdghbaum. 
Eli  Grant, 
.lames  H.  Pierce, 
W.  W.  Carson, 
John  W.  Wagner, 

B.  Piekenbrock, 
Samuel  Carr, 


Secretary. 


Jos.  Bregnezer. 
John  Soedy. 
F.  H.  Knenniiie. 
Fred.  Nkman. 
C.H.Helbers. 
H.  A.  Ralksnnjui. 
,W.  C.  Sehmkahk- 
O.  J.  Oslendorf. 
Joeiah  Fink. 
Samuel  P.  Bachk-I. 
W,  W.  Martin- 
U.  H.  Ore«r. 
Milton  M.  Baoer 
J.  L.  WickiPiviiiiD 
John  Aolt. 
John  C.  Pew.       - 
J.  H.  EmmingiT. ■ 
Lorentz  LochtftiJ 
W.  F.  UoUbbn;:L 


Bluirton, 

Cincinnati, 

Cincinnati, 

Troy, 

Minster, 

Toledo, 
Cincinnati, 

Ada, 

Toledo, 

Orange  Centre, 

PYemont, 

Marion, 

Norton, 

LeRoy, 

Jefferson, 

Col  umbos. 

Canton, 

Salem, 

North  Creek, 


P.  C.  Sntcr, 
Wm.  H.  Calvert, 
.E.  C.  Goehom, 
D.  M.  Coppock, 
iWm.  Nienbcrg, 

C.  Kublmann, 


C.  W.  Amsmtr. 
WinllcldS.Ht-rV. 
William  A.  Hal- 
W.  n.  Deam. 
John  Hon»t. 

E.  W.  V.  Knciifl- 


Sam'l  A.  McCane^   Geo.  A.  Thomsfr. 


Bellefontainc, 

Bellvllle, 

Cincinnati, 

Ravenna, 

New  Lexington, 

Cincinnati, 

North  Industry, 

Httsfleld, 

Randolph, 

t)berlin, 

Cincinnati, 


William  8.  Warren, 
W.  H.  Alexander. 
J.  K.  McKlroy, 
Wm.J.  Smith, 
J.  O.  Gompf, 
;M.  L.  Miller, 
I  Jas.  C.  Johnson, 
Geo.  S.  Shepard, 
S.  S.  Bloom, 
John  W.  Hahn, 
F  Qee 

Wm-  Schafer, 
Henry  Swallen, 
S.  M.  Wellman, 
Aaron  Leedy, 
W.  B.  Skillman, 
D'WittC.Coobnan, 
S.  3.  Alspach, 
E.  C.  Goahom, 
W.  Oueet, 
S.  F.  Sheffield, 
,M.  Loesch, 
A.  II.  Johnson. 
M.  A.  Burkbardt, 


irupEer. 


S.H.I 
J.  P.  ChiK 

s.  H.  r" 

WilUamT 
D.  Sens. 
G.  Selberlinf . 
O.  S.  Wella." 
Henry  Talcott. 
W.  P.  Bloom. 
John  F.  Clark. 
.J.  R.  Vernon, 
ijohn  WUItaci^ 
:  Jacob  Groesniso- 
D.  B.  Harmd. 
Tbeo.  L.  Gaber. 
Ednr  A.  Ed^^i' 
Anarew  JackK'u. 
W.  K.  Dearer. 
William  A.  lUJ. 

C.  M.  Welty. 
R.  Mills. 

F.  F.  Merriam. 

D.  H.  Bailey. 
John  MTejer. 


Bluflton, 

Rootstown, 

Mt.  Nebo, 

Toledo, 

Anna, 

Beloit, 

Orrville, 

New  Springfl'ld, 


Samnel  Shefferly, 
W.  J.  Dickinson, 
Jacob  Miller. 
William  I^ubert, 
N.  W.  Bill, 

D.  L.  Santer, 
J.  H.  Tschantz, 

E.  M.  Sonldecker, 


E.  B.  Goble. 
Gideon  Sevmocr 
H.  B.  Shertoo. 
IB.  F.  Oulbertscr 
George  ^V.  Ui'*- 
jGeorge  Kean. 
I  J.  L.  Anwtat2 
Obediah  PMer^. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


Directory  of  Companies,  Fire. 


629 


Location. 


Ohio  Mutual  Ckl' 8.— Continued. 

18TO  St.  Peter's  Fire  Aid, Cleveland, 

1791  Steedman, Toledo, 

1875  Stark  County  Patrons (Canton, 

18G2'Sun  Mutual, Cincinnati, 

18M  Swltzer  Mutual, Switzer, 

Ijyre  Township  Line  Mutual  Protective Cannon's  Mill, 

iSTBTrunbull  County  Patrons  Mutual,..  ..  ILordstown, 

iJflS  Union, Wadsworth, 

1878  University    Gegensei tiger    Fewer   Ver-| 

sicberungsund  UnterBiUtzuiigs  Vcrein,  |f 'leveland, 

l»i77' Warren  County  Farmers, ;Sprineboro, 

ISTO  Wayne  County, \\  ooster, 

1834' Washington  County, '  Marietta, 

1878  Washington  Township, Plimpton, 

1878  West  ana  Knox  Townships  Farmers  Aid.  No. Georgetown, 

I87n,  Western, Urbana, 

1874  Wyandot  Mutual  Relief Up.  Sandusky, 

OREGON. 
Joint  Stock  Companies. 

3887  Farmers  and  Merchants, Albany, 

1886  Northwest  Fire  and  Marine, Portland, 

1884  State, Salem, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Joint  Stock  CompaniM, 

Allegheny , ttttsburgh, 

Allemannia, Pittsburgh. 

American, Philadelphia, 

Armenia, Pittsburgh, 

Artisans Pittsburgh, 

Ben  Franklin, Allegheny, 

Birmingham, Pittsburgh, 

Boatmans  Fire  and  Marine, Pittsburgh, 

Cash Pittsburgh, 


President. 


John  Kuch, 
Fnnk.  Hart, 
Lewis  Essig, 
C'harles  C.  Jacobs, 
Felix  ZInk, 
W.  S.  Smith, 
William  King, 
Henry  A.  Mills, 

Henry  Sohmitt, 
Joseph  Stanton, 
J.  Zimmerman, 
G.  C.  Best, 
Sparks  Bird, 
Ilarding  Bailey,  ■ 
J.  H.  Patrick, 
J.  S.  Bowers, 


1859 
1868 
1810 
1872 
1666 
1866 
1871 
1865 
1865 
1849  Citizens, Pittsburgh, 

1870  City, iPittsburgh. 

1 885  Delaware, I  Philadelphia, 

1 820  Fire  Association  of  Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 

1882  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  the  Count v' 

of  Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 

1829  Franklin Philadelphia, 

1878  German- American, Pittsburgh, 

1871  German, Philadelphia, 

1862  German Pittsburgh, 

1858  Girard  Fire  and  Marine Philadelphia, 

1871  Humboldt, Allegheny, 

1794; Insurance  Company  of  North  America,.  Philadelphia, 
1794  Insurance   Company  of    the   State   of 

Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 

1855  Jefferson, {PhiladelphU, 

1878  Lumbermens, | Philadelphia, 

1866  Manufacturers  and  Merchants, Pittsburgh, 

1854  Mechanics, Philadelphia, 

1854  Monongahela, Pittsburgh, 

1866  NaUonal, Alleghenv, 

1826lPennsylvania, Philadelphia, 

1864!Penn8ylvania, Pittsburgh, 

leeajPeoples, Pittsburgh, 

1851  Pittsburgh, jPittsburgh, 

1867;ReadlDg iReading, 


Secretary. 


Leo  Steinebach. 
J.  K.  Eldcrken. 
{Amos  L.  Brenner. 
Joseph  Lohmann. 
J.  J.  Schnegg. 
William  D.  Rayl. 

D.  K,  Woodward. 

E.  R.  Culver. 

Gustave  Bucsch. 
B.  G.  Easton. 
P.  C.  Given. 
James  W.  Nye. 
E.  S.  Greenlw. 
(Jeorge  A.  Ruff. 
Wilson  Baldwin. 
L.  G.  Kurtz. 


W.  F.  Read,  J.  O.  Writsman. 

'Julius  Loe wen l)erg,  H.  M.  Grant. 
L.  L.  Rowland,        H.  W.  Cottle. 


Charles  Hayes, 
Joseph  Abel, 
T.  H.  Montgomerj-, 
IS.  S.  D.  Thompson, 
A.  J.  Barr, 
John  Ogden, 
John  P.  Schneider, 
Oliver  P.  Scaife, 
Robert  H.  King, 
J.  R.  Snively, 
James  Phelan, 
Tatnall  Paulding, 
E.  C.  Irvin, 

: James  N.  Stone, 
iJas.  W.  McAllister, 
G.  H.  Meyer, 
Frank  O.  Allen, 
H.  E.  White, 
Alfred  S.  Gillett, 
John  Selling. 
Charies  Piatt, 

.George  G.  Crowell, 
Wm.McDaniel, 
Lewis  Davis, 
C.  W.  Batchelor, 
Chas.  J.  Gallagher, 
Wm.  A.  Caldwell. 
H.  M.  Boyle, 
R.  Dale  Benson,     j 
-Thomas  Mallon, 
James  Herdman, 
James  Colcord, 
iWm.  A.  Arnold, 


C.  G.  DonncU. 
G.  W.  Hammer. 
Richard  Maris. 
W.  D.  McGill. 
Charles  P.  Smith. 
William  A.  Ford. 

E.  G.  Scholze. 
Henry  F.  Weaver, 
Jos.  T.  Johnston. 
!  Howard  Welch. 
A.  S.  Bishop. 
Henry  Lylbum. 
Benj.  T.  Herkness. 

F.  M.  Crittenden. 
Ezra  T.  Cresson. 
W.  J.  l^tterson. 
James  Gaghan. 
F.  L.  Gross. 
Edwin  F.  Merrill. 
A.  H.  Trimble. 
Greville  E.  Fryer. 

A.  B.  Earle. 
P.  E.  Coleman. 
Oliver  H.  Hill. 
WMlliam  T.  Adair. 
Simon  J.  Martin. 
John  H.  Claney. 
H.  M.  Schmitt. 
W.  G.  Crowell. 
Christian  Yeager. 
Wm.  F.  Gardner. 
Hillis  McKown. 
S.  E.  Ancona. 


580 


DiRBCTOBT  or  COMPAiriBS,   FiRB. 


Ii 


Name  of  Compuiy. 


LocatioD. 


'     Pa.  Joint  Stock  Ws.—  Continved. 

1841  Reliance ,  Philadelphia, 

1886  Spring  Garden Philadelphia, 

1871Teutonla Philadelphia, 

1871  Teutonia ,  Allegheny, 

1804rmon I  Philadelphia, 

•.«•.  .T. .__  Pittsburgh. 

Philadelphia, 
Pittaburgh, 


PresideQi. 


1871  rnion 

1860  rnited  Firemen's, 

1849Weeteru, 


Thomas  C.  Hill, 
|W.  O.  Warden, 
Eugene  Fransaen, 
;  Henry  Oerwig, 
C.  S.  Hollinshead, 
,A.  W.  Mellon, 
Robert  B.  Beatb, 
'Alexander  Nimick, 


Mutual  Comjuinlet. 

1851  Adams  County Gettysborgh, 

1888  Agricultural. Lititx, 

1881  Amany  of  Albany  Townphiji 'Albany, 

1813  Allen  and  East  Pennsboro, .Mechanicab'gh, 

1830  Allen !  Allentown, 

1691  Anthracite Shamokin, 

1876  Armstrong  and  Westmoreland, Appolo, 

1881  Armstrong  County Slate  Lick, 

1875  Annstrong  Township, |  Parkwood, 

1878  Ashland, Ashland, 

1878  Augusta Sunbnry, 

1873  Aurora, Harrieburg, 

1874  Bakerstown, Bakerstown, 

1887  Bt'aver  County, Beaver, 

1879  Beavertown Beavertown, 

1874  Blooming  Grove  of  Lycoming  County,. .  Hepburn, 

1886  Bavertown, Boyertown, 

1874  Briar  Creek  Farmers', :  Lime  Ridge, 

1892  Brush  Greek iBruah  Creek, 

1811  Bucks  County  Contributionship, !Morrisville, 

1871  Bucks  County 'Tinicum, 


Lewisburgb, 
Butler, 
Scran  ton, 


1878  Buffalo  Valley  Farmers' 

1869  Butler  County, 

1871  Cambrian, 

1877  Centennial  of  Cumberland  and  Franklin 

(■ountiee, Shippensborgh, 

1877  Centre  County  Patrons  of  Husbandry, . .  Bellefonte, 

1890  Centre  Valley Neale, 

1880  Citly^ns'  of  rTorthampton  County, Bethlehem, 

1886  City Lebanon, 

1870  Clarion  County Clarion, 

1866  Codorus  and  Manhelm  Mut.  Protection,.  Shrewsbury, 

1876  Commonwealth,  Columbia, 

1874  Coolspring  Valley North's  Mills, 

1882  Counirymens, Fontana, 

1890  Conemaugh  Valley, Johnstown, 

1840  Crawford  Countv, j  M  ead ville, 

1870  Cumberland  Valley  Farmers, jShippensburgb, 

1871  Danville Danville, 

1877  Dauphin  County, Linglratown, 

1839  Delaware  County iMedia, 

1889  Donegal  and  Conov, Marietta, 

1888  Eari iFarmersville, 

1885  Economy, 'Norristown, 

Erie  County, Erie, 

Excelsior  of  Butler  County, North  Hope, 

Falrview, Lisbum, 

Farmers  American  of  Bucks  Countv, . . .  Springtown, 
Farmers  and  Mechanics  Home  Mutual 

Fire  of  Sullivan  County, Yorkaville, 

Farmers  and  Mechanics  of  Sa ville,' 
Tyrone,  Spring,  Carroll,  and  Center 
Townships ElUottsburgh, 


1878 
1880 
1855 
1877 

1872 


;Ed.  McPhersou, 

C.  Q.  Bovd, 
Levi  Sechler, 

D.  R.  MerkeL 
,C.  J.  Erdman, 
'J.  H.  Conley, 
W.  McBryon, 
John  A.  Hall, 

I  Jeaae  Thomaa, 
C.  S.  W.  Scbomo, 
jJamea  Riland, 
B.  K.  Huntzinger, 
David  S.  Dickson, 
John  Nelson, 

5.  A.  Wetzel, 
Gottleib  Helm, 
William  K.  Grim, 
J.  G.  Si^-ank, 
Geo.  H.  Coleman, 
John  Wildman, 
John  Robbina, 
lAndrew  Rnhl, 
[James  Stephenaon, 

B.  Hughea, 

6.  W.  Thrush, 
Jamee  A.  Keller, 
M.  Beatty, 
Edward  Shimer, 
A.  S.  Ught, 
Charles  Kaufman, 
Jesse  K.  Wertz, 
F.  A.  Bennett, 
W.  B.  Talt, 
John  L.  Meyer, 

!  Isaac  Toder, 
jJames  D.  Gill, 
IM.  B.  Boyd, 
!G.  M.  Shoop, 
Andrew  Buck, 

C.  R.  Williamson, 
Amos  Zigler, 

A.  W.  Snader, 
John  Slingluff, 
Lewis  W.  Olds, 
J.  B.  Campbell, 
John  Elcher, 
Aaron  Laubach, 

M.  R.  Black, 


SecretazT. 


ic.  F.  Wisier.  Jr. 
G.  B.  Annitage. 
Thos.  Chamberi'm. 
ChiB.  W.  Gerwig. 
E.  R.  Daniels. 
J.  W.  J.  McLain. 
I  Dennis  J.  Sweenv. 
Wm.  P.  Hertieit. 


16.  H.  Baehler. 
H.  R.  Gibbe). 
lAibert  S.  Keller. 
iW.  Penn  Ltoyd. 
'William  Meirs. 
D.  C.  Kaseman. 
;S.  M.  Nelson. 
H.  C.  Bricker. 
iWilliam  A.  Millea. 
,C.  F.  RosselL 
Joeepii  A.  G«s«. 
I  J.  M.  Honjghton. 
.William  ScoCL 
I  A.  J.  LawTenoe. 
'A.  H.  BowcrsQX. 
iJaoob  Heim. 
!l.  p.  G.  Fegtey. 
H.  H.  Bro«ii. 
Milo  £.  Reader. 
.William  S.  Mall. 
Clinton  S.  Lcarch. 
IJ.  A.  Gundy. 
H.'C.  Heincman. 
,B.  £.  Evaiu*. 

ID.  Foglesonger. 
C.  Dale,  Jr. 
F.  S-  Shoop. 
C.  M.  Anstett, 
Is.  H.  Beutx. 
J.  E.  Wood. 
'William  B.  Young. 
iW.  L.  Bear. 
Ijohn  Zahniiser. 
iTobiaa  Bomberser. 
Jacob  Holsopple. 
Rufus  C.  Adams. 


W\  C.  Creamer. 
|W.  H.  AmmermaiL 
Samuel  A.  Miller. 
.Edward  A.  Price 
Simon  L.  Brandt. 
!e.  H.  BorkhoidtT. 
Abm  W.  Carvon. 
Walter  Scott. 
J.  F.  Harper. 
G.  W.  Atticks. 
David  W.  Hesa. 

R.  D.  Lancaster. 


George  Hoobaugfa,  W.  W.  McClure. 
.,y.  zed  by  Google 


DiRBCTORT  OF  COMPANIES,   FiRB. 


681 


Name  of  Compiuiy. 


Location. 


Preaident. 


Fa.  Mutual  Co^g.—Continved. 
IfyiS  Farmers  and  Mechanics  of  Backs  Co.,. .  Forest  Grove, 
1833,  Fanners  of  Upper  and  Lower  Laucon 

Townships, Bethlehem, 

1871  Fanners  Mntnai  Assistance  and  Fire  of 

Berks  County, Windsor  Castle, 

1857  Farmers, Center  Hall, 

1875  Farmers, Kremis, 

1S57  Farmers  of  Berks  anti  Lehijjh  Conn  ties,  Kurtatown. 

1872  Farmers  of  Crawford  County Meadville, 

18S6{  Farmers  of  Dover,  Conewago,  Newberry. 

and  West  Manchei>ter  Town8hlp«,. . .  York, 
1860i Fanners  of  Hannahstov^n  and  vicinity,.  Delano, 
1.S6T' Farmers  of  Harbor  Creek  Township.. .    Erie, 

1.S84,  Farmers, Marble, 

lS59,Farmers, Danville, 

1876  Farmers  of  McCandlass  Township Perrysville, 

1862  Farmers  of  Monroe  County, Snydersville, 

1845  Farmers  of  Northampton  County Stockertown, 

1854, Farmers  of  Paradise,  York  County,....  Hanover, 

1857;  Farmers, Centre  Hall, 

1853|Fanners, York, 

1)^. Farmers  of  Phlla.  and  Bucks  Counties,.  Hulmeville, 
1850  Farmers  of  Schuyler  County, De  Turksvllle, 

1874  Farmers  of  Tnscarora, Spring  Hill, 

1843-  Farmers  of  Warminster, liutboro, 

1872  Farmers  of  Washnigton  t'ounty, Canonsburgh, 

1844  Farmers  of  Lancaster  County, Lancaster, 

1875  Farmers   Union  and  Fire  of  Somerset 

I        County,  Berlin, 

1867!Farmer8  Union, Kreidersville, 

1867'  Farmers  Union, Trexlertown, 

1844  Fayette  County, Uniontown, 

ISSO"  Fire  of  Northampton  County, Gaston, 

1843)Frankford  of  the  County  of  Phila., Philadelphia, 

1860.Franklin  County, Chambereb'gh, 

1 874  Freehold, Lotts viUe, 

1875  Friends  Cove  Farmers, Charlesville, 

187i;German, Sharpsburgh, 

1866,Gcrman Zelienople, 

1873  Glade  Mill Glade  Mills, 

184d'Goechenhoppen Pennsburgh, 

1877  Grange Troy, 

nalllix,.......j....... Halifax, 


1872 
188-2 
1881 


Home  of  Lehigh  County, Emans, 

Home, Williamsburgh, 

1S70  Huston  Township  Co-operative,* Miners, 

1843!  Independent, Philadelphia, 

1889  Iron  City Pittsburgh, 

1 868!Johnstown, Jotmstown, 

1870  Jordan, Ailentown, 

1879  Juniata  Farmers, McAliisterville, 

18S4  Keystone, Philadelphia, 

1854  Kishacoqulllas  of  Miffln  County Belleville, 

18531  Klttanning KIttanning, 

1868Lahaska Lahaska, 

Lampeter, Greenland, 

lail  Lancaster  County, Paradise, 

1887  Lancaster  Home,.... Lancaster, 

1856  Lebanon, Jonestown, 

1881  Liberty  and  Independent, Gettysburg, 

1879,  Limestone, [Limestone, 

*  Company  closing  business. 


,Hngh  B.  Eastbum, 

lA.  H.  Ranch, 

'Joseph  S.  Hix, 
Frederic  Kurtz, 
Henry  Kremis, 
W.  P.  Krum, 
Isaac  Powell, 

John  Neiman, 
A.  KrauM!, 
J.  A.  Moorhead, 
John  P.  Schill, 
Samuel  Snyder, 
Philip  Haas, 
William  Fine, 
A.  D.  Shimer, 
Jesse  W.  Garrett, 
Fred  Kunz, 
G.  £<iwin  Hersh, 
Dr.  Chas.  R.  King, 
David  Zehner, 
■Wm.  Shnmway, 
|W.  F.  Morgan, 
Adam  Edgar, 
Reuben  Garber, 

Samuel  F.  Reimau, 
Peter  Edelman, 
W.  K.  Peter, 
Ellis  B.  DawHon, 
Sam'l  Drinkhouse, 
John  Shalcross, 
Samuel  M.  Linn, 

C.  N.  Wyun, 
i  Henry  P.  Diehl, 
I  Henry  Ferla, 
Tobias  Meeder, 
Jas.  D.  Anderson, 
Isaac  S.  Rahn, 
J.  J.  Vannay, 
William  Lodge, 
Ellas  Bittner, 
IC.  D.  Span, 

D.  Aurundt, 
George  W.  Rhaum, 
T.  O'Leary,  Jr., 
jjohn  Thomas, 
iB.  F.  Jacoby^, 
J.  B.  Wilson, 
John  T.  Bailey, 
I  Henry  P.  Taylor, 
William  Brown, 
Henry  Lear, 
lAmos  H.  Mylln, 
John  N.  Woods, 
Christian  Gast, 
John  Meily, 
iG.  W.  Wortr, 
IE.  L.  Over, 


Secretary. 

Jacob  F.  Kreweon. 

J.  M.  Leibert. 

'Daniel  Saul. 
iD.  F.  Luse. 
,Thomas  G.  Den. 

C.  J.  Rhode. 
James  R.  Andrews. 

Amos  G.  Throne. 
Henry  Heck. 
Elias'Sturgeon. 
Joseph  Fanemyer. 
W.  H.  Ammerman. 
R.  Guvton. 
S.  S.  Lesh. 
Philip  Sandt. 
Philip  S.  Bowman. 

D.  F.  Luse. 

D.  Strickler. 
(ieorge  Harrison. 
J.  M.  Walboni. 
;A.  B.  Sumner. 

J.  B.  Cancll. 
L  R.  McNary. 
A.  O.  Newpher. 

E.  J.  W^alker. 
(George  Boyer. 
J.  N.  Schrader. 
Ef^ard  Campbell. 
George  W.  Stout. 
H.  St.  Clair  Thorn. 
Lyman  S.  Clark. 
J.  E.  Nonis. 

S.  T.  Diehl. 
John  Kraus. 
J.  Laderer. 
Robert  Trimble. 
M.  K.  Gilbert. 

C.  E.  Gladding. 
H.  W.  Bishoff. 
H.  W.  Janett. 
Jeremiah  Yerger. 

D.  Hoover. 
Thomas  Shalcross. 
D.  O.  Ihmsen. 

G.  Banily. 
L.  P.  Becker. 
W.  H.  Knouse. 
Elmore  A.  Dowues. 
Miles  Haffly. 
George  G.  Titzell. 
R.  R.  Paxson. 
J.  K.  Umbler. 
John  S.  Wltmer. 
W.  O.  Frailey. 
S.  Y.  Karmany. 
Daniel  L.  Plank. 
i£.  D.  Davis. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


583 


DiBECTORT   OF   COICPAHISS,   FlRB. 


§ 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


Preeident. 


SecretaiT. 


Pa.  Mvtuai  Go's.— Continued. 
1868  Line  Lt*.xinfcton  of  BaclcB  and  Montgom- 

,       ery  Couuties, Line  Lexinj^on, 

1879j  IxxMwt Roaring  Creek, 

1879J  Lower  WindM)r, East  Proapect, 

1852  Liirgan Moweraville, 

1876  Liizenie, Ilasleton, 

1864  LvkciiH  Valley Elizabethville, 

1877  MaiilH'iin, Manhelm, 

1886  Manor  of  I^ncantcr  Co.mty, Crc*well, 

1872  MinerHvillt' Minersville, 

1844  M onrtK'  County, Stroadabarg, 

1875  More-land LairdHviUe, 

1871  Mount  J  or  Township Elizabethtown, 

1872  Mount  Oliver  German, Mt.  Oliver, 

1K5S  MumrnafburKh, Mnmrnaahnnsfa, 

1786  Mutual  for  Inenrinc  Housefi Philadelphia, 

184:^  Mutual  Beneflcial  of  Bucka  County,  ....  Langhome, 
1859  Mutual Ann^ille, 

1846  Mutual  of  Rerka  Co.  and  BrumfleldvUle,  Denglera, 
1843  Mutual  of  (iennantown  and  Vicinity,. . .  Philadelphia, 

1874  Mutual  of  Greene  Township, Jamestown, 

1846  Mutual, HnnmielBtown, 

1874  Mutual  of  Lehigh  Count v Allentown, 

1876  .Mutual, Millville, 

1841  Mutual  of  Montgomery  County, Norristown, 

1848  Mutual, Pottatown, 

1870  Mutual, Reading, 

1843  Mutual  of  Sinking  Springe Reading, 

1876  Mutual  of  South  Bend  Township, Sooth  Bend, 

1 870' Mutual  of  Washington  Township, WUlett, 

1840' Mutual  Fire  of  Ch(»ter  County Coatsrille, 

1880' Mutual  S<«urity  of  (^hester  County Goshenvlllc, 

3878  Neffsvllle  of  Lancaster  County, NeffaTille, 

U66  Nescopcck. Nescopeck, 

1884  Neshannocn Mercer, 

1880  New  London Kemblesville, 

1844, Northern  of  Lancaster  Countv, Kphrata, 

lKr2  Northwestern  of  Schuylkill  County, ....  Valley  View, 

1874  Oakdale, Oakdale, 

1871  Oakland Dempaeytown, 

187201d  Elizabeth Elizabeth, 

1870  Path  Valley, Dry  Run, 

1877  Patrons, Ambrose, 

1875  Patrons, Mechanlcsb'gh, 

1888  Patrons  Mutual  Fire  Relief Townvllle, 

1867  Penn  of  Chester  County, West  Chester, 

1870  Penn  Township  of  Lancaster  County, . . .  Sporting  Hill, 

1887  Pennsylvania  Millers, ! tiuntlngdon, 

1878  Pennsylvania, Columbia, 

1889  Peoples ITarriabnrg, 

1871  Perkiomen  Valley Collegeville, 

1752. Philadelphia   Cojitributlonehip   for  thei 

1       Insurance  of  houses, Philadelphia, 

1880, 1'hiladelphia  Manufacturers Philadelphia, 

1876  Phoenix ,  Phoenlxvillc, 

ISSeil'ine  Crock iBryan, 

18741  Plnm  Creek  Township  Farmers, Whitesborgh, 

ISTiOlPottsvnie Pottaville, 

18571  Protection  of  Cambria  County, Ebenaburgh, 

ISilJJ*'**^''^? Littlestown, 

^gSgPyn^,«'"n<ng Fredonia, 

4^S"*Jfm^-**yv. Philadelphia, 

ISrSJKush  Township RnahtowTi, 


I 


C.  Todd  Jenklna, 

D.  A.  Mnnson, 
«Jacob  H.  Leber, 
Joseph  Mowers, 
Angaat  Yeager, 
S.  B.  Romberger, 
John  M.  Danlap, 
John  H.  Landia, 
Cyrns  Moore, 
William  Wallace, 
Geoive  T.  Prontz, 
John  K.  Nissley, 
Frederick  Hampe, 

E.  W.  Stable, 
John  Lambert, 
Piereon  Mitchell, 
O.  H.  Henry, 
Jamea  McGowan, 
Jabez  Gates, 
W.  W.  Ray, 
Jacob  Shope, 
Charles  H.  Blank, 
Joeeph  W.  Evea, 
John  J.  Corson, 
Jacob  Reiff, 
George  D.  Stitzel, 
Benjamin  E.  Dcy, 
A.  B.  Ramaley, 
W.  T.  Smith. 
Abraham  Gibbons, 
Israel  L.  Bartram, 
;  J.  F.  Hess, 
Tobias  Heaa, 
W.  C.  Biack, 
Thomas  Mercer, 
Samnel  Hlsslv, 
William  Hock, 
W.  C.  McFarland, 
Robert  Reed, 
J.  C.  Peairs, 
jW.  Z.  Kegerrels, 
jj.  K.  McElhoee, 
Christian  Dietz, 
iD.  C.  Kennedy, 
tAlfred  P.  Reid, 
I  Jacob  H.  Hershy, 
'B.  F.  Inenberg, 
William  McDivitt, 
H.  C.  Alleman, 
George  W.  Steiner, 

Alexander  Biddle, 
George  Wood, 
John  H.  Egolf, 
G.  G.  Borland,        i 
John  M.  Stewart, 
!J.  Hanj  Zerbey, 
jJ.  M.  Thompson, 
Amoa  Baaeboar, 
Levi  Berts, 
Lewis  Morford, 
J.  B.  McClonghan, 


Winiam  H.  Price. 
;Hainee  Tosi. 
Gerard  C.  BrowiL 
Aann  F.  SiM^e. 
J.  G.  Kirchner. 
James  Miller. 

C.  D.  Kiebl. 
M.  D.  Kending. 
L.  F.  Roehri*:. 
CD.  Brodbead. 
S.  B.  Derr. 
I.  X.  S.  Will. 
John  TTieobald. 
David  McOrew. 
Clifford  Lewis. 
H.  H.  Gillman. 
'Collins  Dean. 
Solomon  Stower. 
Wm.  H.  Emhanh, 
jL.  A.  McOmrab. 
Ijohn  J.  Nissley. 

E.  H.  BncbecktfT. 
Ellis  B\es. 
'M.  McGJathery. 
Charles  Moore. 
P.  M.  Ertnentroot. 
W.  Van  Reed. 
;J.  N.  Whenr. 
iSamnel  Browne, 
Isaac  SpacknuuL 

D.  C.  Wlndle, 
A.  C.  Ilyufi. 
Benj.  Evans. 
W.  A.  Mnnneh 
David  Merc«T. 
W.  K.  Seltztr. 
V.  I.  LaodeitslasEr. 
J.  W.  Nc«biL    ' 

F.  DTBod. 
J.  F.  BlMr. 
John  A.  £3der. 

G.  W,  Bradier. 
H.  S.  Mohler 
G.  D.  Heath. 
Barclay  Lear. 
T,  H.  Hers.her. 
John  M.  Magnire. 
George  Yoonjr. 
George  H.  Grnre. 
I  A.  D.  Fetteroff. 

J.  Somers  Smith. 
S.  M.  Pieman. 
^Jonathan  Reea. 
|A.  Carson. 
James  A.  Kelter. 
Charles  J.  B>>wrL 
T.  W.  Dick. 
W.  F.  Croc«e. 
S.  V.  McDoweil 
A.  T.  Cross. 
James  Reed. 


Directory  of  Companies,  Fire. 


533 


Name  of  CGmpanj. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


Pa.  Mutual  Oo^s.-- Continued. 

189S  Salem, Kennard, 

1881  Servlckley, Meudon, 

1876  Shamokln  Township, Elyeburgb, 

1805  Somerset  Coonty,* Somerset, 

ISfiO  Southern  of  York  County ;  York, 

186S  Southern  of  Lancaster  Connty, QuarryvUle, 

1878  South  Schuylkill  Farmers M<   ' 

1866;Spring  Garden, 

1890iState 

lan  Stone  VaUey, 

1861  Sugar  Valley, 

ISTSlSusquehannah, 

1890;Tioga  County  Grange, 

1874  Towamenslng  Farmers*  of  Millport, 
1884:Tulpehocken, 


1866 
1869 
1874 
1861 
1877 


1875 
1870 
1860 
1800 
1878 
1866 
1887 
1843 
1846 
1875 
1843 


Union, , 

Union  of  Montgomery'  County, . . . 

Tanners, 

Union  of  Westmorland  County,.. 

Valley, 

1873  WaU  Rose, 

1878  Washington  County, 

Washii^ton  of  Jefferson  County, 

Washington, 

Washington  of  Lebanon  County, . 

Wayne  Connty  Farmers, 

West  Branch, 

Western  of  York  County, 

West  Salem, 

White  Hall, Chalf ont, 

Windsor  Mutual  Assistance  and  Fire,. . .  Hamburgh, 

Worth, West  Liberty, 

York  County, York, 


olino, 
York, 

Harrisbnrg, 
Mahanoy, 
Loganton, 
Harrieburg, 
Mansfield, 
Aqnashicola, 
Meyerstown, 
Norristown, 
Jenkintown, 
Philadelphia, 
Greensbuigh, 
Lebanon, 
Wall  Rose, 
Washington, 
Rockdale  Mills, 
Newcastle, 
Lebanon, 
Honesdaie, 
Muncy, 
Thomasville, 
Greenville, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 
Joint  Stock  Cbmpaniet, 

1859  Equitable  Fire  and  Marine, 

1861  Merchants, 

1T99;  Providence- Washington, 


Providence, 
Providence, 
Providence, 


I  Mutual  Comixtnies, 

1877  American, Providence^ 

1868  Blackstone, Providence, 

1874  Enterprise, Providence, 

1864  Fiiemens, .Providence, 

1854  Franklin, 'Providence, 

1875  Hope, Providence, 

1835  Manufacturers, Providence, 

1871  Mechanics Providence, 


1884  Mercantile, Providence, 


1874  Merchants, *. 

1848  Pawtucket, 

1800  Providence, 

1 848  Rhode  Island, 

1855  State 

16A6  Tiverton  and  Little  Compton, . 

1 863  i  Union, 

1873.  What  Cheer, 


J.  L.  Riley, 
A.  B.  Hunter, 
Samuel  Swank, 
Samuel  Barclay, 
John  S.  Keech, 
G.  W.  Swisher, 
Jeremiah  Smith, 
Samuel  Hively, 

C.  P.  Hanna, 
William  Schaffer, 

D.  R.  Heckman, 
H.  H.  Bechtel, 
Andrew  J.  Doane, 
Levi  Wentz, 

F.  A-  Shultz, 
David  Truckscss, 
Joseph  Boeter, 
D.  P.  Lear, 
O.  J.  Clawson, 
Samuel  Weiss, 
Isaac  N.  Wright, 
Alex.  Murdock, 
J.  M.  McClelland, 


|W.  L.McGranahan. 
jC.  D.  Anltman. 
Jacob  E.  Muench. 
L.  M.  Hicks. 
J.  F.  Gee«ey. 
;H.  E.  Raub. 
F.  S.  Snayberger. 
Charles  11.  Fry. 

B.  K.  Huntzinger. 
;  John  Tresaler. 
Id.  M.  Morris. 

IB.  K.  Huntzinger. 
,Thomas  E.  Evans. 
|J.  C.  Kreamer. 
■H.  S.  Gockley. 
i  Henry  S.  Kulp. 

C.  Mather. 
Samuel  Kurtz. 
W.  A.  Griffith. 
J.  8.  Shetter. 
Henry  Gross. 
L.  M.  Marsh. 
W.  C.  Smith. 


William  G.  Gibson,  G.  W.  M'Cracken. 
Andrew  Light,         J.  H.  Miller. 
Paul  Swingle,  Perry  A.  Clark. 

Charles  D.  Eldred,  William  J.  Wood. 
Jacob  Aldinger,       Henry  Hnbley. 
Silas  Hunter,  D.  Loutzenhiser. 

Eugene  James,        B.  L.  Summers. 
W.  Umbenhouer,    S.  K.  Dreibelbls. 
James  Humphreys,  W.  E.  Taylor. 
Jacob  Stair,  S.  H.  Forry. 


Providence, 

Pawtucket, 

Providence, 

Providence, 

Providence, 

Little  Compton, 

Providence, 

Providence, 


Fred  W.  Arnold, 
W.  T.  Barton, 
J.  H.  DeWolf, 


J.  S.  Phetteplace, 
John  Eddy, 
C.  H.  Merriman, 
Edwin  Barrows, 
Amos  Boweii, 
Horatio  Rogers, 
Henry  H.  Ormeboe, 
Amos  C.  Barstow, 
Henry  Y.  Giunt, 
John  Eddy, 
Robert  Sherman, 
Henry  R.  Barker, 
G.  C.  Nightingale, 
R.  B.  Chapman, 
I.  C.  Wilbur, 
Edwin  Barrows, 
L.*T.  Downes, 


J.  T.  Tilllnghast. 
W.  P.  Goodwin. 
E.  L.  Watson. 


R.  B.  Chapman. 
William  Y.  Worch. 
Robt.  B.  Chapman. 
I  J.  T.  A.  Eddy. 
John  R.  Wheaton. 
h.  T.  Downes. 
lioscoe  L.  Colman. 
Henrv  H.  Onnsbee. 
Alfral  W.  Eddy. 
William  F.  Worch. 
Isaac  Shove. 
Hardin  C.  Waters. 
Addison  H.  White. 
C.  H.  Chapman. 
F.  R.  Brownell. 
J.  T.  A.  Eddy. 
J.  T.  Day.l 


*  OompaDj  cloehug  bosioess. 


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684 


DiRBOTORT  OF  COMPANIES,   FiRB. 


i> 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


SOUTH  CAROUNA. 


'  Joint  Slo^k  CompanUt, 

1800  C^harleftton  Fire  and  Marine, ;Char1eaton, 

1892  Mercantile Charleaton, 

1889  8oath  Carolina  Home IColombia, 

I  Mutual  Companies. 

186S  Carolina, Charleston, 

IKK  Hibernian, Charleston, 


SOUTH  DAKOTA. 
Joint  Stock  CotnpatiUi, 
1881  Dakota  Fire  and  Marine, Mitchell, 

1887  Fidelity, Hnron, 

1888  Yankton, Yankton, 


Kimball, 
Faulkton. 
Alexandria, 


j  Mvtual  Companie*. 

1886  Bmte  County  Farmers, 

1885  Fairview  Farmers  of  Faulk  County, 
1889  Farmers  of  Hanson  County, 

1887  Farmers  of  Lake  County, Wentworth, 

1883  Farmers Danville, 

1888  Farmers  of  Union  County, Big  Springs, 

1886  Farmers, i  V^olga, 

Farmers Vermillion, 

Farmers  Protective, Plankinton, 


TENNESSEE. 
Joint  Stork  Companies. 
ISn JRluff  City Memphis, 

1886  Citizens, Memphis, 

1889  Equitable, NashvUle, 

1882  Factors, Memphis, 

1858  Hernando, 'Memphis, 

1884  Home, Nashville, 

186fiiHome, .^ iMemphis, 

1886'lMland  Home, 'Knoxville, 

1878  Knoxville, Knoxville, 

1882|Na««hville  Fire  and  Marine Nashville, 

1881  Phcenix  Fire  and  Mfrine, jMemphie, 

1866!Planter8  Fire  and  Marine Memphii*, 

1805  State, Nashville, 

1881  Factors, iMemphis, 

1887  Valley  Home, Tal botts, 


1889 


Alamo, . 


1886 


1881 


TEXAS. 
Joint  Stock  Company. 


Home, 


UTAH. 
Joint  Stock  Company. 


VERMONT, 

Joint  Stock  Company. 
New  England, 


Prwident. 


Secretary. 


San  Antonio, 


Salt  Lake  City, 


I  James  Murdoch,      

E.  B.  Hollin^s,        .].  H.  Bruninj;. 
James  Wooarow,    Alien  Jones. 


A.  Stemmennann,   Herman  Kkrtte. 
E.  F.  Sweegan,        M.  F.  Kennedy. 


George  Beedj  George  A.  Silsby. 

Alonxo  Waidall,      Charkw  E.  Brrant. 
N.  Bdmnnds,  ,E.  A.  Gilmaii. 


J.  M.  Bourcy, 
Edw.  C.  Cliibrd, 
P.  H.  McManus, 
D.  M.  nnnie, 
S.  N.  Monk, 
John  Sellboxg, 
O.  J.  Sveen, 
John  Cleveland, 
James  P.  Ward, 


James  C.  Neely, 
R.  Dudley  Frayser, 
Adam  G.  Adams, 
Nolaiid  Fontaine, 
S.  H.  Dunscombe, 
■J.  H.  Collins, 
[John  K.  Speed, 
H.  W.  Lynn, 
D.  A.  Carpenter, 
J.  H.  Thompson, 
H.  M.  Neely, 
D.  T.  Porter, 
G.  P.  Thruston, 
N.  Fontaine, 
Dr.  £.  B.  Hale, 


Sam.  Maverick, 


Heber  J.  Grant, 


Rutland,  |john  A.  Mead, 


Digitized  byVjOOQlC 


C.  D.  8avaj?e. 

D.  Rov  Jones. 
iLodwlg  Plaf^mao. 
wniard  Fackard. 
,Georae  G«orge<too. 
lA.  W.  Johnaon. 

Ij.  O.  HjeUe. 
I  Hans  Myron. 
H.  M.  Travis. 


;W,  H.  Moopp. 
R.  W.  Parfaam. 
jjohn  O.  Trc-anor 
Ljames  E.  Beas'wy- 
J.  S.  Dunecombe 
W.  D.  Mayo. 
B.  P.  Price 
J.  £.  Hickman. 
L.  C.  Fletcher. 
John  Buni». 
John  Johnson. 
F.  B.  Hunter. 
Duke  R.  Johnarm 
J.  E.  Beaelev. 
J.  B.  Franklin. 


S.  D.  Sendder. 


Elias  A.  Smith. 


J.R.H<Midl^. 


DiRKCTORT  OF  COMPANIEB,   FiRE. 


535 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


Preaident. 


Secretary. 


Mviucd  Comixmie*. 

18T4  Union  Mutual, Montpelier,        :W.  G.  Ferrin,  I  John  H.  Senter. 

1628  Vermont, Montpelier,         Horatio  A.  Taplin, 'James  T.  Sabin. 


VIRGINIA. 
J(^/nt  Stock  Companw. 

1870  Alexandria, 

1888  Mount  Vernon 

1891  Morotock,.. 
1860  Petersburg 
1862  Porturoontb 

1888  State  of  Virginia 

1832  Virginia  Fire  and  Marine,. 
1865  Virginia  State,. 


Alexandria, 

Alexandria, 

Danyille, 

Petersburg, 

Portsmouth, 

Alexandria, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 


1887  Wytheville, I  Wytheville, 


I                Mutual  CompanUf. 
1876  Albemarle  Home, 

1871  Bast  Augusta 

1876'Baflt  Rockingham  and   Page  Farmers 

Home, 

1872  Farmers  and  Mechanics  Benevolent  of 
I       Roanoke  and  Botetourt  Counties,. 

1888|Farmer8.  Merchants,  and  Mechanics  Be- 
nevolent,  

Faoquier  Home, 

Independent  of  Fairfax  County, . . 

Mutual, 

Mutual  of  Loudoun, 

Rappahannock  Home, 


1881 
1868 
1794 

1849 
1878 


1878  Rockbridge, 


1889 


Rockingham  Home, 


1876  Shenandoah  Farmers  Home,. 
1872  West  Rockingham 


1883 

1888 


Tanceys  Mills, 
Hermitage, 

Lnray, 

Salem, 

Wades, 

Midland, 

Alexandria, 

Richmond, 

Waterford, 

Washington, 

Lexington, 

Cross  Keys, 

Headquarters, 

Mt,  Cfinton, 


WASHINGTON. 


Seattle, 


Joint  Stock  Companits. 

Cascade  Fire  and  Marine, 

Farmers, Seattle^ 

1891  Taconia, Tacoma, 

1891  Washington  Farmers, Spokane, 


Benoni  Wheat, 
F.  K.  Corbett, 
P.  R.  Jones, 
Fred.  R  Scott, 
O.  V.  Smith, 
J.  W.  Walxer, 
W.  H.  Palmer, 
N.  V.  Randolph, 
R.  E.  Withers, 


John  J.  Larew, 

E.  J.  Rothgeb, 

C.  B.  Mooman, 

William  A.  Goad, 
J.  L.  Gorrell, 

C.  Lukens, 

H.  A.  Claiborne, 
Wm.  Williams, 
M.  Miller, 
J.  G.  Cress, 
George  P.  Bentner, 
P.  W.  Magruder, 

D.  A.  Heatwole, 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Joint  Stock  Companies. 

3  American Wheeling, 

ISSlFlre  and  Marine IWheellng, 

1862  Franklin Wheeling, 

1867  German, I  Wheeling, 

1883  Jefferson, IWheeling, 

1891  Lnmbermens, Berkeley  Sp'gs, 

1868  Peabody, IWheeling, 

180S  Reliance Berkeley  Sp'gs, 

1884|StaiuUrd, Wheeling, 

1886  Underwriters, Wheeling, 

Martinsbnrg, 
Cbarleatown, 


1877 


Mutual  CompanUs, 
Fanners  and  Mechanics, 


1878iJcflenon  County,. 


George  Wlae. 
A.  A.  Warefield. 
W.  B.  Griggs. 
Edw.  W.  Butcher. 
W.V.H.  Williams. 
Henry  J.  Kintz. 
W.  H.  McCarthy. 
R.  B.  Richardson. 
August  Henser. 


orge  Wi8€ 
R.  N.  Page. 

Wm.  M.  Rosser. 

M.  P.  Frantz. 

M.  J.  Traylor. 
J.  L.  Pilcher. 
R.  H.  Havener. 
F.  D.  Steger. 
J.  T.  McGavack. 
H.  M.  Dudley. 
John  T.  Wilson. 
J.  B.  Webb. 
R.  M.  Lautz. 
H.  A.  Heatwole. 


John  Schram,  William  T.  Ivey. 

T.  M.  Alvord,  Is.  H.  Waldo. 

A.  L.  Homer,  ;J.  B.  Nation. 

R.  C.  McCroskey,  Fred.  R.  Marvin. 


P.  B.  Dobbins, 
C.  W.  Rawling, 
J.  N.  Vance, 
W.  F.  SUfel, 
E.  W.  Oglcbay, 
J.  W.  McCaflry, 
Alonso  Loring, 
H.  W.  Deeher, 
W.  Ellingham, 
George  Hook, 


H.  T.  Cnsbwa, 
Joseph  Trapnell, 


Geo.  H.  Robinson. 
Wylle  Irwin. 
J.  P.  Adams. 
F.  Rlester. 
J.  L.  Strocklein. 
Everett  J.  House. 
J.  F.  Paull. 
H.  W.  Michael. 
E.  B.  Bowen. 
Alfred  PaoU. 


C.  P.  Matthaei. 
R  A.  Alexander. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


530 


DmscreRT  of  Coupakisb,  Fire. 


I 


Namo  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secwiary. 


WISCONSIN. 


Joint  Stock  Companies. 

1870  Concordia, Milwaukee, 

1863  Milwaukee  Mochanicp, I  Milwaukee, 

1869  Northwe««tern  National Milwaukee, 

1890  Winnebago Oshkosh, 


1879 

1881 


Mutual  Oompaniss. 

Albion 

Alden  and  Black  Brook, , 

1885| Apple  River  Scandinavian, . . . 

18731  Arlington  Faniiert* , 

1874lAshfoTd 

1874  j  Ashippun, , 

187gAurora, 

187TBaraboo  Farmers, , 

1876  Berlin  Farmers, 

1887  Berlin, , 

1876lBerry, 

1881  Bloorafield, 

1874  Bloomington  Farmers, 

1874  Blue  Mounds 

1871;Boheraian  Mutual  of  the  Town  of  Koh- 

I       suth, 
1874.  Brighton. 
I860  -  •      ■  - 
1876 
1872 
1878 


J.  H.  Inbuacb,         Gustav  Wolliieffer. 
C.  Premier,  Adolf  J.  Cranier. 

Alfred  James,  John  P.  McGregor. 


Bristol  Town, 

Burnett  Farmers, 

Calamus, 

Caledonia, 

1876  Caledonia  Town, 

1878  Calumet  County, 

1878  Cedarburgh 

1887  City  of  Oconomowoc, 

1873|CofumbuB, 

1875  Concord 

1875  Cottage  Grove  of  the  Towns  of  Cottage 

Grove,  Blooming  Grove,  Burko, 
Dunn,  Pleasant  8pringr«,  and  Fitch 
burg 

1874  Courtlandt, 

1875  Crystal  Lake  Farmers, , 

18?4Darien 

1875  Darlington, 

l87GDer  Deutsche  (Jcgcnseltige    Ftuer-Vcr- 

sichenmgs-Veri'inin  Marian 

1887  Deutpcher  Gejgenseitiger  rnttTKlUtzun^'s 

Yereinbei  Feucrechadi'n, 

18r6|Die     Deut«;he     Gegen«?iil<:e     Farmer 
I        Feuer-Versicherungs  ( Jcpellschaf t, . . 

1879.Dodgeville  Town  Farmers, 

1891  Drwggi8t«, 

1883  Dupont  Farmers 

1879  Eagle  Point, 

1872iElba, 

1877iEttrick  Scandinavian, 

1876|Fall  Creek  Farmers, 

ISSl'Parmers  Home, 

1878  Farmers  Home  of  the  Town  of  EUlng-l 

ton, I 

1876  Farmers, 

1876  Farmors, 

1888  Farmers  of  Franklin  and  Oak  Creek,. 
18f  2  Farmers  of  Harmony, 


Edgerton, 

Alden, 

Apple  Riyer, 

Arlington, 

CampbellBport, 

Alderly, 

Colebropk, 

Baiaboo, 

Bcr!ln, 

BeiUn, 

CroMS  PlaiDB. 

W.  Bloomflcld, 

Bloominston, 

Mt.  Horeb, 

KeUnerariUe, 

Brighton, 

Bristol, 

Beaver  Dam, 

Beaver  Dam, 

Readfleld, 

Alloa, 

New  Holstein, 

Cedarburgh, 

Oconomowoc, 

Fall  Wver, 

Concord, 


Madison, 

Randoljih, 

Gennaniu, 

Daricn, 

Darlington, 

Boscobel, 

Newfane, 

Alishicot, 
Dodgevillo, 
Jancijville, 
Marion, 
Eagle  Point, 
Danville, 
Ettrick, 
Fall  Creek, 
LitUe  Cbute, 

'Hortonville, 
Lake  Geneva, 
Menomonie, 
IFranklin, 
iMilton  June, 


'Henry  Marsden, 
Joseph  Vap€aw, 
.F.  A.  Carlson, 
K.  A.  Johnson, 
Nicholas  Klotz, 
.Tbomas  Steele, 
John  H.  Thomas, 
John  Dickie, 
G.  Zimmermann, 
P.  May, 
F.  Shnmann, 
,0.  W.  Bahnmann, 
John  Ryan, 
Michael  Johnson, 

Josef  Konicek, 
W.  B.  McVicar, 

C.  B.  Gaines, 
A.  Lockwood, 
E.  A.  Fowler, 
W.  Strelon, 

,  Ernst  Strangman, 
;J.  Severjn, 
John  Bniss, 

D.  G.  Mnnger, 
M.  C.  Hobart, 
John  Sell, 


Henry  Peters, 

Ij.II.'Seaver*, 
,F.  B.  Fitch, 


I. 


Sama«d  Clarke. 
'L.  E.  Parslow. 
Chris  Petermn. 
S.  W.  Clark. 
J.  A.  Ilendrickii. 
IJohn  H.  Hndy. 
A.  S.  RoigeT*. 
iLevi  Cohoon. 
C.  F.  Jchn. 
R.  C.  John^oiL 
Otto  Kcri. 
P.  Kopiske. 
Thomas  Pendlet^^n 
G.  S.  MickelMD. 
I 

F.  Kliment. 
John  DaniclK 
,H.  G.  Tourtelotte. 
S.  H,  Fofd. 
W.  H.  Jone«(. 
George  Msder. 
J.  Staudeomavt  r. 
William  Gre^iritf . 
C.  F.  Keoner. 
E.  W.  Delanev. 
W.  H.  Proctor. 
Albert  May. 


Daniel  Bcchtel. 
.  C.  H.  Gilmore. 
.  J.  A.  Wcjrenke. 

Eugene  Klaheri} . 

iJames  Treotrail. 

.  Paul  WeUnor. 


F.  Fcuerhamer,        P.  Schnebergt*r. 


Ilanfl  Bcier, 
Loui«  I^un, 
C.  Widule, 
John  Polzin, 
F.  T.  Brown, 
A.  Reddeman, 
Jens  K.  Hagestad, 


G.  JiiBerghins, 


Charles  Sweetser,   'L.  Jacqaot. 


Louis  Hyrotb. 
Joseph  Ferkins-Jr 
E.  B.  Heimstrctt. 
FredKmlL 
W.  B.  BanUett. 
E.  R.  Williams. 
E.  O.  Oilbertson, 
W.  J.  Plwiricb. 
jWUllam  Qoecen. 

It 


George  Allen, 
Thomas  Dickson, 
G.  Schmidt, 


L.  O.  Foster. 
W.H.LaiMlDO. 
Rodolph  Brann. 


Andrew  Barlass,     John  dtocl 


L^.yiuzed  by 


Google 


Directory  op  Companibs,  Fire. 


537 


1876 
1889 
1874 


^ame  of  Company. 


}VisconHn  Mulval  Co' 9.— Continued. 

Fanners  of  Johnstown, 

Farmers  of  Lower  Sngar  Bush, 

Farmers, . 


1^4  Farmers, . 

1876  ~ 

1878 

1874 

1876 


Location. 


President. 


1874 
1878 
1888 
1874 
1878 
1873 


1974 

1874 

1875 
1874 
1875 
1875 


Johnstown, 

Peshtigo, 

Makwonago, 

Newark, 

Otsego, 

edsbnrgh, 
RIpoQ, 
Sparta, 
Burlington, 
Centre, 
Clamo, 
Milwaukee, 
Milwaukee, 
New  Berlin, 
Spring  Prairie, 
TObets, 
Fulton, 
Walworth, 
Waukesha, 
Elm  Grove, 


\  Farmers, 
S  Farmers, 
I  Farmers, 

>  Farmers, 
1876  FarmerSi 
1872  Farmers, 

I  Farmers, 

\  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Greenfleld, 
\  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Lake, 
\  Farmers, 

J  Farmers,  

V.  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Snear  Creek, . . 

1874  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Umon, 

1878!Farmers, 

1874Farmer8, 

18801  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  Wauwotosa,.. . 

1875  Farmers  of  the  Towns  of  Albanv.  Lima, 

Durand,  Waubeek,  Watervflle,  and 

Frankfort, Lima  Centre, 

1  Farmers  of  the  Towns  of  Dover  and 

Norway,. Dover, 

i  Farmers, Tomah, 

>  Farmers  of  Wayne  and  Gratiot, Collins, 

I  Farmers, Wonewoc. 

>  Farmers, '  Sun  Prairie, 

)  Farmers, ,  Waterford, 

1876  Farmers  Mutual  Protective, Marshall, 

1878  Farmlngton  of  the  Town  of  Farmineton, '  E.  Farmington, 
1876, Fond  du  Lac,  Empire,  and  Friendship,..; Fond  du  Lac, 
1874  Fountain  City  Mutual  Farmers', 'Fountain  City, 

1877  Franklin  Farmers, 'Spring  Green, 

1889,Gegen8elt{ge   Farmer   Feuer    Versiche- 

rungs  Gesollechaft, [Manitowoc, 

1888  German  Farmers  of  Montpelier, Ellisville, 

1873  German  of  Liberty Stitaer, 

1854  Germantown  Farmers, iRockfleld, 

1867  Ilamburg  Town, 'Chaseburgh, 

1876:ilartland  Farmers Hartland, 

1883  Henrietta  Greenwood  Unlonska,  Vz4y 

emna  proti  ohni  Pojislovaci  Spolec- 

I       nost Tuba, 

1872  Herman  Farmers, Herman, 

1870iHolland  Farmers, Cedar  Grove, 

1876  Hustisford  Farmers, Hustisford, 

1883  Irving, '  Irving, 

1876!lxonia, 'Pi;)ersville, 

1886  Jamestown, Kieler, 

1878  Jefferson, Linn  Grove, 

1874  La  Crosse  County  Scandinavian, Stevenstown, 


R.  T.  Pember, 
August  Kamke, 
J.  N.  Crawford, 
H.  G.  Nelson, 
S.  W.  Herring, 
John  H.  Darger, 
Robert  Shel<ton, 
H.  H.  Cremer, 
W.  E.  Chipman, 
Seth  Fisher, 
|T.  J.  Anderson, 
John  Cooper. 
John  Howard, 
John  Evans, 
A.  M.  Aldrich, 
S.  R.  Edwards, 
L.  D.  Sowin, 
Cyrus  Church, 
O.  P.  Clinton, 
James  S.  Stlckney, 

S.  L.  Plnmmer, 

C.  Powntree, 
Methen  Robertson, 
J.  S.  Stowe, 
J.  N.  Grant, 


Secretary. 


Volney  Wood. 
Ernst  Lepinsky. 
A.  J.  Boss. 
E.  H.  Skinner. 
Theo.  Henton. 
W.  Raetzmann. 
E.  P.  West. 
Myron  Rowley. 
T.  H.  Marsland. 
J.  B.  Whitmore. 
Frank  Siuock. 
Louis  Fieldner. 
James  P.  Howard. 
A.  Snyder. 
George  D.  Puffer, 
Thomas  Davis. 
E.  G.  Pound. 
£.  R.  Maxon. 
A.  V.  B.  Dey. 
Edw.  W.  Robblns. 


Frank  E.  Hoyt, 
W.  H.  Slatter, 
Chopin  Kimball, 
Robert  Wilson, 
J.  B.  Denning, 
John  H.  Carpenter, 

Moritz  Kiel, 


Fred  Gauld. 

Simon  J.  Haugan. 
.  Fred  Noth. 
S.  W.  Usher. 
Charles  Mellert. 
J.  E.  Hidden. 
jE.  M.  Groat. 
Eugene  Shcpard. 
August  Beyf. 
S.  B.  Standfleld. 
I  John  J.  Senn. 
R.  n.  Douglas. 


H.  J.  Klinghobs. 

August  Jahnke. 

Louis  Heberlein,      Henry  Bald. 
Andrew  Martin,       Martin  Schottler. 
L.  C.  Steinburg,      lOle  Johnson. 

T.  Simon. 


1878: La  Prairie  and  adjoining  Towns, 

1887'Lebaaon  Farmers, 

1872iLindon  Town  Farmers, 

1877|Lindinina  of  the  Towns   of  Lindinia, 

Lemonweir,  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and 

Summit, 

1874 '  Lisbon , 

1889:Little  Black  Farmers, 

18T7|Lodi  Farmers, 

1889iLower  Sugar  Bush, . . . 

24 


Janesville, 

Lebanon, 

Linden, 


Mauston, 
Sussex, 
LitUe  Black, 
Lodi, 
Peshtigo, 


MarUn  Rott, 
John  Zirbel, 

S.  R.  Jones, 
Mark  Douglass, 
F.  W.  Hubner, 
Michael  Kirchberg, 
J.  M.  Berry, 
Die  P.  Black,  Sr., 
J.  P.  Thomas, 
John  Latzke, 
John  Lee, 


Hiram  Johnson, 
William  Weaver, 
John  Herbst, 
Job  MiUs, 


W.  Hynck. 
I  Charles  Ringle. 
H.  Walvood. 
Richard  Roll, 
n.  W.  Robinson. 
F.  V.  Piper. 
A.  Brand. 
F.  Bamum. 
John  Johnson. 
Henry  Tarrant. 
William  Schroefel. 
Robert  Osborne. 


Franklin  Wilcox. 
George  McKerrow. 
Fred.  Kraemmer. 
Charles  Goodall. 
Ernst  Lepinsky. 


538 


DiKBCTOBT  OF  COMPANIBS,   FlR£. 


1870 
1870 
1887 
1889 

1878 
1882 
1871 
1876 

1878 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


Wisconsin  Mutual  Co" t.~  Continued. 

Luck  Mutual, Luck. 

Lynn  Mutual, Lynn, 

Manchester,  Einj^ton,  and  Marquette,..  Manchester, 

Manufacturers Milwaukee, 

Marcellou,  Fort  Winnebago,  and  Buffalo 

FamuTH Maroellon, 

Martell  Mutual  Town, Marteil, 

Mazo  Manic  and  Block  Earth  Farmers, .  Maso  Manie, 

Meeme  Home  Protection Meome, 

Menomonie,  Granville,  and  Gerniantown 

Farmers, FonvUIe, 

Merrimac,    Prairie  du    Sue,  8umpter, 
Henry    Creek,   and    Troy    Mntnal 

Farmers, Sank  City, 

18rr6  Middletown Middleton, 

1882  Millers, De  Pere, 

1888  Montpelier  Farmers Ellisville, 

1876  Mount  Morris  Norwegian, >Mt.  Morris, 

1876  Mount  Pleasant, Mooticello, 

1872  Mutual  of  Calumos IBeaver  Dam, 

1800  Mutual  Farmers  of  the  Town  of  New' 

ton, Timothy, 

1886  Mutual Bau  Claire, 

1889'  Mutual, Winnebago, 

188»  Mutual, Sevastopol, 

1878i  Mutual  of  the  Town  of  Hampden, Colnmbus, 

1874  Mutual Marshfleid, 

1874  Mutual  of  the  Town  of  Onomowoc, Monterey, 

1874  Mntnal, Monroe, 

1872  Mutual  of  the  Town  of  Trenton, Fox  Lake, 

1873. Mutnal  of  the  Town  of  Turtle, 'Shopiere, 

1873  Mutual  of  the  Town  of  Sylvester, Albany. 

1884Nekimi, Oshkosh, 

1876  New  Denmark,  Home, Fonienoy, 

1887  New  Hope  Norwegian  of  the  Towns  of 

New  Hope, Al  ban,  Amherst,  and  Iola,;New  Hope, 
1876  Oakfleld  of  the  Towns  of  Oakfleld,  La-I 

martine,  Byron,  and  LeRoy, Oakfleld, 

1873  Oak  Grove  Farmers, jjuneau, 

1873  Oakland, Oakland, 

1878iParis, Union  Qrove, 

1876Pella  Farmers, Pfella, 

Perry, 'Perry, 

Pigeon I'Pigeon  Falls, 


1874 
1881 
1886 

1876  _, 

1874' Primrose  of  the  Town  of  Primrose,. 


Pleasant  Prairie,. 
Plymouth  Farmers, . 


P.  C.  Jenson, 
Fred  J.  Vine, 
John  H.  Card, 
J.  P.  Rondle, 

Thomas  Keame, 
8.  Thorson, 
Joseph  Bennett, 
WiUiam  Lorfleld, 


John  Flannagan,     W.  Boone. 


Richard  Barry, 
David  Lyle, 
John  Scnnette, 


President. 


Secretary. 


Nelson  Lawson. 

iC.  SiemitzkT. 
'C.  A.  MUlaid. 
jC.  O.  Hawley. 

A.  A.  Cannon. 
VCk.  N.  Heyerdahl. 
'John  McKenzie. 
|C.  £.  Conway. 


John  Johnston, 
J.  C.  Zimmerman, 


t 


Carl  Diedrichs, 
George  B.  Shaw, 

Geo^  Battf ord', 
T.  Sanderson, 
Lambert  Biost, 
Hiram  Proseos, 


1879 
1874 
1873 
1888 


1878 
18?8 
1886 


Princeton  and  St.  Marie, 

Randolph  and  Scott,. 

Raymond. 

Riclmiond  Farmers  Geeenseitige-Fener 
yersicherangs-Gesellschaft, 

1876  RidgevlUe  Farmers 

'"^  River  Falls  Farmers, 

RockBlm, 

Rockland, 

1874  Roeendale, 

1860  Salem. 

Saukville, 

Scandinavian, 

1878  Scandinavian  of  the  Town  of  Manitowoc 

Rapids, 

1874|8helby  Farmers,. 


Kenosha, 

Plymonth, 

Mount  Vernon, 

Princeton, 

Cambria, 

Raymond, 

Shawano, 

RldgevUle, 

River  Falls, 

Rock  Elm, 

Reedville, 

Rosendale, 

Salem, 

SMikvllle, 

Scandinavia, 

ManlU>woc, 
La  Crosse, 


J.  W.  McBlroy, 
William  Gates, 

C.  F.  Pengra, 
Robison  Henry, 
Arve  Arveson, 

K.  O.  Eidahl, 

D.  D.  Jones, 
Michael  Foley, 
John  Whittet, 
William  Gnnter, 
WUliam  Wolf, 
Ole  Steensland, 
P.  Skem, 
Byron  C.  Doose, 
H.  Wheeler, 

C.  Danidson, 
Ephraim  Mueller, 
B.  Bvans, 
James  Dawson, 

Peter  Dillenbnzy, 
M.  Ziegler, 
Osbom  Strahl, 


Samnel  Kleiner. 
Hennr  Schoster. 
B.  W.  AindL 
ohn  leather. 
Peterson. 
jE.  F.  Wright. 
Iw.  N.  Jonee. 


[Fred  Schmidtz. 

\S.  A.  Smith. 
.  p.  S.  WoodwoRlL 

(Joseph  L.  NucMe 

.Stewart  C.  BelL 

M.  J.  Mieaen. 

.William  G.  Tiam 
.  jFrank  SmodL 

is.  C.  McDowelL 

A.  H.  Manley. 

>C.  J.  Stephenson. 

^FredKUan. 

jFrankHeMe. 


{Deloc  Allen. 
John  Francis. 
•Robert  Robettsoa. 
iMichael  Heoflgco. 
(FredRadfls. 
(Ole  QrimecvedL 
p.  B.  Larson. 
IS.  B.  Crooiey. 
William  Swmrl. 
N.  N.  Byrge. 
W.  R.  Steward. 
A.  Blochwftx. 
MathewAnner. 

C.  R.  Klebenrhe. 
John  Ka 
John  W.' 


F.  M.  Kra^ger, 
W.J.  Barnes, 
N.  M.  BorgesB, 
NM  Jaoobsoo, 
Herman  HoCs, 

Boyer  Ammads, 
Charles  Linse, 


Thomae  Gleasoo. 
Frank  Bowe. 
W.M.  Curtis. 
Joseph  Albrecht. 
C.  Andenon. 

Terk«l>Oni]8eB. 
Peter  KIcBhoU. 


DiBSCTORT  OF  COMPAKIBB,   FiBB. 


589 


I 


Name  of  Company. 


I 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


WiseonHn  Mutual  Ws.—Continwd. 

1874  Skandinavif ka  Brandstods  Foreminger 

ITrade  Lake, Trade  Lake, 

1878  8omer», Somera, 

1876  Spring  Grove,  Decatur,  and  Albany,. . . .  Broadhead, 

1878  Stettin StetUn, 

1875  Stockholm  Town, Stoclcholm, 

1876 Stockton, .  .^ Stockton, 

1878Salllyan, Rome, 

1874  Summit, Summit  Centre, 

1879  Theresa, Theresa, 

1865  Town  Belgium, Holy  Croea, 

1871  Town  Herman, Franklin, 

18TO  Town  Jefferson  Gegenseitiee-Fener-Ver- 

sichemngs-GesellschafE, Helenville, 


1876  Town  of  Lima, . 

ISSOTown  of  Sharon, 

187S  Town  Wilson, 

1870 Trempealeau  County  Farmers,.. 
1884  Utica  Farmers  and  Lightning, . , 

187»Utica, 

18781  Vernon, 

1878'yineland. 

1880!Warren 

1878i  Watertown, 


1874iWaupacaj.. 
1874  Wanpnn  Fai 


MarshaU, 

Sharon, 

St.  George, 

Galesville, 

Towerrllle, 

Elo, 

Bie  Bend, 

AlTenvlUe, 

Boberts, 

Watertown, 

IWanpaca, 


wanpnn  Farmers, Waupun, 

1880:  West  Bend,  Polk,  and  Richfldd  Farmers,  '^'        " 


Maylleld. 

Loganville, 

Wwtfoid, 


1876>  Westfleld  ramers, . 

larrft  Westford, 

1875<  Winchester  of  the  Towns  of  Winchester 

'       and  Wolf  Biver, Whicheater, 

18B&  Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 

1875  Wrlghtstown  Farmera, Morrison, 

1874  Yorkyille  and  Mount  Pleasant  Farmers,  Union  Groye, 


I 

!a.  Anderson, 
S.  S.  Strong, 
A.  G.  B.  Fleek, 
iWilhelm  Bnttke, 
ilsaac  Newman, 
Henry  Cate, 
George  Garrity, 
Jacob  HiU. 
C.  A.  Schellpfefler, 
Jacob  Schanan, 
George  W.  Wolff, 

Paul  Menzel, 
W.  H.  Slatter, 
William  Wolcott, 
Valentine  Beyer, 
H.  French, 
A.  Christenson, 
A.  Sutherland, 
Peixy  Craig, 
A.  P.  Roble, 
J.  C.  Searle, 
C.  Trachte, 
Fred  C.  Fisher, 
G.  H.  Downey, 
Peter  Beichert, 
J.  C.  Luehrsen, 
Samuel  Smith, 

P.  N.  Lund, 
J.  A.  Kimberky, 
N.  G.  Grant, 
Orlando  Secor, 


P.  G.  Dahlberg. 
I.  T.  Bliibop. 
Albert  Bronghton. 
William  Weinke. 
John  Larson. 
J.  B.  Dawlev. 
C.  S.  Cartwright 
Daniel  Williams. 
P.  Langenfeld. 
Peter  i^nes. 
W.  Beineking. 

Andreas  Beul. 
Eugene  Shepard. 
C.  F.  Amold- 
N.  Thull. 
E.  P.  Clark. 
P.  N.  Peterson. 
;l.  J.  Miller. 
S.  Vanderwalker. 
George  S.  Church. 

E.  G.  Partridge. 
G.  Bi^mann. 

M.  A.  Stinchfield. 
David  Fereuaon. 
Peter  Koe&ch. 
Nicholas  Harz. 
G.  B.  Davis. 

F.  Kleberg. 

S.  H.  Seamans. 
A.  Oriepentrog. 
A.  B.  Bfayes. 


Digitized  by 


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540 


DiRBCTOBT  OF  C0MPANIS8,   FiRB. 


FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANIES  OF  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


Name  of  Compuiy. 


Home  Office. 


18M  Alliance, 'London, 

1808  Atlaa, [^ndon, 

1868  Baloiae, '  Baele, 

I 
1888  British  America, Toronto, 

1806  Caledonian, l%dinbarg, 

1861  Commercial  Union, ,  Loudon, 

1888  Economic  Fire, I^ndon, 

.  London, 


18S7  General  Life  and  Fire,. 
18S1  Goardian  Fire  and  Life,. 

1864  Hamborg  Bremen, 

1878  Hamburg  Magdebunr, . . . 
1868  Helvetia  Swiiw  Fire, 


London, 

Hambarg, 

Hamburg, 
I  St.  Gall, 


United  States  Manager. 


Office. 


1808  Imperial, jLondon, 

ISGl'LancaBhire 'Manchester,  | 

1879  Lion  Fire, jLondon,       -j 

1886  Liverpool  A  htm.  &  Globe,. .'  Liverpool,    -j 

1861, London  and  Lancashire, Liverpool, 

1790  London  Assurance, !  London, 

1884'Manche8ter, {Manchester,  •! 

1882  National, Dublin, 

1869  New  Zealand  Fire  &  Marine,  Aukland, 

1809  North  British  &  Mercantile,  Loudon,       < 

1888  Nortliem liondon, 

1797  Norwich  Union  Fire, NorAvich, 

18681  North  German, Hamburg, 

. . .  .'Palatine, Manchester,  j 

1824  Patriotic Dublin, 

1782,Phoenlx, London,        J 


.  Stettin, 


1846'  Prussian  National, . . . 

1846|Royal, Liverpool,     j 

1720'  Royal  Exchange, '  I^iondon, 

1884  Scania Maltno,  Swe., 

1884|scottish  Union  &  National,' Ediuburg,     | 

1710'Sun, London, 

1886  Svea, Kiothenburg, 

1872  Transatiantic, Hamburg, 

1714  Union, I  London, 

1851  Western, Toronto,       i 

1844  Wilhelma, Magdeburg, 


N.  T.  James,  Manager, 

J.  M.  Ncwberger,  Aumager, 

Frank  Lock,  General  Agent, 

H.  W.  Syz,  General  Agent, 

John  Morrison,  Gov., 

W.  H.  Banks,  Aset.  Secretary, 

Niagara  Fire  Insurance  Co., 

Charles  Sewall,  Manager, 

A.  H.  Wray,  Asst.  Muiager, 

Gutte  &  Frank,  General  Awsnts, 

Catton,  Bell  &  Co.,  Qeo'l  Ag'ts, 

U.  E.  Bowers,  Manager, 

N.  W.  Meserole,  AssL  Manager, 

F.  O.  Affeld,  Manager, 

H.  C.  Buchenbeiver,  Asso.  Mgr., 

Gutte  A  Frank,  General  Agents, 

H.  W.  Syz,  General  Agent, 

John  C.  Paige,  Res.  luinager, 

iConrtney  &  McKay, 

D.  C.  Osmun, 
William  Sexton, 

E.  Litchfield,  Manager, 

, Daniel  Winslow,  Asst  Manager, 
|M.  Bennett,  Manager, 
J.  H.  Brewster,  Asst  Manager, 
H.  W.  Eaton,  Res.  Manager, 
iG.  W.  Hoyt,  Denuty  Maiuger, 
Jeffrey  Bokvan,  Manager, 
Charles  Lyman  Case,  Manager, 
W.  W.  Dudley,  Manager, 
Chas.  B.  French,  Asst.  Manager, 
H.  M.  Newhall  A  Co.,  GenU  Agts., 
iHugh  Craig,  Manager, 
Samuel  P.  Bladen,  Manager, 
Wm.  A.  Francis,  Asst.  Manager, 
|H.  M.  Jackson,  S«^retary, 
(loorge  W.  Babb,  Jr.,  Manager, 
J.  Montforaery  Hare,  Manager, 
■Walter  Speyer,  Manager, 
;  William  Wood,  Manager, 
Charles  A.  La  ton,  Mauaser, 
|Okell,  Donnell  A  Co.,  Managers, 
A.  D.  Irving,  Manager, 
K.  B.  Clark,  Asst.  Manager, 
[Tlieo.  W.  Letton,  Manager, 
E.  F.  Beddall,  Manager, 
George  M.  C'oit,  Asst.  Manager, 
Robert  Dickson,  Manager, 
Bernard  Dercksen,  General  Agt, 
IM.  Bennett,  Manager, 
|J.  H.  BrewsU'r,  Asst.  Manager, 
)J.  J.  Guile,  Manager, 
Mueckc  &  Co.,  General  Agents, 
£.  Harbers,  Manager, 
Hall  A  Hensbaw,  Managers, 
J.  J.  Kenny,  Mang.  Dir., 
C.  C.  Foster,  Secretary, 
Gutte  A  Frank,  Managers, 


San  Francisco,  CaL 
'Chicago,  lU. 
NcwTork,  N.  Y. 
San  Francisco.  CaL 
Toronto,  Canada. 
Toronto,  Canada. 
jNcw  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N,  Y. 
New  York,  N.  V. 
San  Franciscio,  Cal. 
!San  Frandaco,  C^. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Chicago,  UL 
Newfork,  N.  Y, 
New  York,  N.Y. 
San  Fraacisco,  Cal. 
ISan  Franclacoi,  Caiu 
.Boston,  Mass. 
;New  York,  N.  Y. 
Chicago,  lU. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York- N.  Y. 
Hartford,  Conn. 
Hartford,  Conn. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
'New  York,  N.  Y. 
.Chicago,  IlL 

!San  Francisco,  Ca!. 
ISan  Frandsco,  Cai. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
NewYork,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
San  Franciaco,  cal. 
Ne%v  York,  N.  Y. 
San  Franclsoo,  c'a . 
San  Francisco,  Csi 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Chicago,  III. 
NevTYork,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
San  Francisco,  Cal 
San  Francisco,  Cil 
Hartford,  Conn. 
Hartford.  Conn. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
San  Francisco,  Cil. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 
Toronto,  Canada. 
Toronto,  Canada. 
jSan  Francisco,  Oil 


Digitized  by 


Google 


DlBSCTORT  OF  COMPANIES,   LiFB. 


541 


LIFE  AND  ASSESSMENT  INSURANCE  COMPANIES  TRANSACTING 
BUSINESS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


CAUPORNIA. 
Life  Jngitrance  Company.  \ 

Pacific  Mntnal, San  Francisco, 

Asiestment  Life. 

1868{Banker8  Alliance, Loe  Angeles, 

1878  Eureka  Endowment, ,San  Francisco, 

Fidelity  Mntoal  Aid, >San  Francisco, 

1 880  Home  B€niefit  Life, San  Francisco, 

1884  Matual  Endowment, Oakland, 

1888{Pacific  Endowment, San  Francisco, 

CONNECTICUT.  j 

Hfe  Inmrance  Companies.         \ 
ISSOiEtna, Hartford, 

1865  Connecticut  General 'Hartford, 

1S46  Connecticnt  Mntnal Hartford, 

1807  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity, IHartford, 

1888  Peoples  Industrial, <  Norwich, 

1861  Phoenix  Mutual, Hartford, 

1866  Travelers, Hartford, 

I  AtaeMment  Life. 

1885: Connecticut  Benefit, iNew  Haven, 

1883  Connecticnt  Indemnity, ; Waterbury, 

1880  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity, .Hartford, 

1889  Home  Mutual  Benefit, Danbury, 

1888  National  Life Hartford, 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


Qeorge  A.  Moore,    J.  N.  Patton. 


AMeatmerU  Life  Inmrance  (}ompanies.\ 


18W|  Alpha,. 

1885  Equitable  Endowment, 

1800{  National  Capital 

1888  National  Life-Maturitv, 

18T7  Washington  Beneficial  Endowment,. 


1874 
1884 
1888 
1876 
18T7 
1886 
1884 
1880 

1884 
1871 
1877 


Washington, 
Washington, 
Washington, 
Washington, 
.  Washington, 


ILLINOIS. 


AMeftmmit  Life  Insurance  Companies. 
Canton  Masonic  Mutual  Benevolent, ....  iCanton, 

Chicago  Guaranty  .Fund, iChicago, 

Chicago  Mutual  Life  Benefit, Chicago, 

German  Mutual  Benefit, Ichicaeo, 

Covenant  Mutual  Benefit, Galesburgh, 

Evangelical  Aid, iChlcago, 

Franklin, Sprin^eld, 

Hotel    Men's    Mntnal    Benefit   of  the 

United  States, Chicago, 

Home  Protection  Aid, Chicago, 


Illinois  Masonic  and  F^hian  Benevolent,'Chicaso, 
""     '   ~ {Clear  Creek, 


President. 


Secretary. 


E.  P.  Johnson, 
Louis  G.  Schord, 
C.  W.  Nevlns, 
I.  P.  Allen, 
A.  H.  Pratt, 
J.  Alfred  Lueders, 


M.  G.  Bulkeley, 
Thos.  W.  Russell, 
Jacob  L.  Greene, 
R.  B.  Parker, 
Hugh  H.  Osgood, 
Jona.  B.  Bunce, 
Jas.  G.  Batterson, 


I  J.  N.  Russell,  Jr. 
Louis  C.  Knell. 
J.  L.  M.  Shetterly. 
W.  J.  Gilliland. 
A.  W.  Bishop. 
J.  W.  Oflerman. 


Joel  L.  English. 
Fred'k  Y.  Hudson. 
:Edward  M.  Bunce. 
Stephen  Ball. 
S.  B.  Bishop. 
C.  H.  Lawrence. 
Rodney  Dennis. 


Daniel  M.  Corthe]l,;John  C.  Gallagher. 
Victory  L.  Sawyer,, Edward  A.  Wright. 
R.  B.  Parkor,  iSt^hen  Ball. 

Charles  E.  Grifllng,'w.  S.  Watson. 
O.  H.  Blanchard,     H.  B.  Langdon. 


M.  H.  Holland, 
J.  H.Rothbert, 
D.  Ramey, 
H.  Browning, 
L.  Gardner, 


lA.  L.  Schimplf,       C.  N.  Henkle. 
iGeorge  Sherwood,  C.  I.  Westerfield. 
{Thomas  J.  Holmes,  i  W.  J.  Noryell. 


C.  A.  Fleetwood. 
A.  C.  Clark. 
P.  S.  Garretson. 
G.  D.  Eldridge. 
F.  S.  Parks. 


Illinois  Patrons'  Aid. 


C.  L.  Gamer, 
A.  W.  Berggren, 
John  Schneider, 

D.  T.  UtUer, 

H.  H.  Brockway, 
H.  W.  K.  Cutter, 
J.  A.  Hawley, 
D.  Q.  Trotter, 


F.  Langbein. 
W.  H.  SmoUinger. 
Georse  W.  Lecmer. 
T.  C.  Roeeberry. 

Walter  Barnes. 
T.  S.  Qnincey. 
D.  J.  Foster. 
H.  K.  Smith. 


542 


DiRKCTOBT  OF  COMP^NIBS,  LiFK. 


I 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President. 


Secretary. 


'  JUinoii  A$84»9ment  Co's.—Continusd. 
1877  Independent    Order    of    Knights    and 

,       Ladies  of  Honor, 

ISQOiKnights  of  the  Globe  Mutual  Benefit 

1884 'Knight  Templars  and  Masons  Life  In- 

I       deranity, 

1874  Maeionic  Benevolent  of  Central  IlUnoie, 

1877  Knighte  of  Pythias 

1884  Modem  Woodmen  of  America, 

1874  Mutual  Benefit  and  Aid, 

1870  Mutual  Masonic, 

1880  North  American  Mutual  Benefit, 

188r  Northwestern, 

1874  Northwestern  Masonic  Aid, 

1876  North  western  Traveling  Mens, 

1887  Prairie  State  Beneficiary, 

1874Rallway  Pansenger   and   Freight   Con- 
ductors Mutual  Aid  and  Benefit, 

1883  Royal  League, 

1883,Scan(livaviau  Mutual  Aid 

1884|8tate  Council  of  the  Catholic  Knights,.. 

1889  Total  Abstinence 

1880  United   States   Railway    Mail    8er>'ice| 
Mutual  Benefit, 


INDIANA. 
AsMsmierU  L{fe  Inturarux  CompanUs. 

18851  American  Mutual, 

1891 1 Bn ildlng  and  Loan, 

1890|ciinton, 

1887  Elkhart  Masonic  Mutual, 

1888  Ex-Soldiers  Mutual, 

1877;lndu8trial, .-. 

1878  Knights  and  Ladles  of  Honor, 

1869  Masonic  Mutual  Benefit, 

1877  Masons  Union, 

1882; Mutual  Life  and  Endowment, 

1883  Old  Wayne  Mutual, 

1891  Peoples  Benefit, 

1888  Peoples  Mutual  Benefit, 


1867 

1881 
1889 


IOWA, 
£(/!$  Insurance  Companies. 

Equitable, 

Life  Indemnity  and  Investment, . . . 

Register  Life  and  Annuity, 

Royal  Union  Mutual, 


Chicago, 
Freeport, 

Chicago, 

Mattoon, 

Chicago, 

h'lilton, 

Chicago, 

Chicago, 

Chicago, 

Chicago, 

( 'hicago, 

Chicago, 

Peoria, 

Chicago, 

Chicago, 

(ialesDurg, 

Carlyle, 

Chicago, 

Chicago, 


Elkhart, 

Indianapolis, 

F'rankfort, 

I  Elkhart, 

Goshen, 

Indianapolis, 

Indianapolis, 

jlndianapolis, 

IndianapoliB, 

Indianapolis, 

Indianapolis, 

Indianapolis, 

Elkhart, 


Dea  Moines, 
Sioux  City, 
Davenport, 
Dee  Moines, 


Assessment  L\fe, 
1879  Bankers, 

1885  Citizens, 

1886  Des  Moines, 

1891  Economic  Guaranty, 

1881  Equitable  Mutual  Life  and  Endowment, 

18821  Federal, 

1890,  Fidelity  Protective  Union. 

1887  German-American  Mutual  Life, 

1883  Iowa  Life  and  Endowment, 

1876  Iowa  Masons  Benevolent, 

1883  Iowa  Mutual  Benefit, 

1889  National  Fraternal, 

1888  Northern  Fraternal, 


Dee  Moines, 

Cherokee, 

Dee  Molnee, 

Clinton, 

Waterloo, 

Davenport, 

Conncu  Bluffs, 

Burlington, 

Oskaloosa, 

Oskaloosa, 

Toledo, 

Council  Bluffs, 

Marstialltown, 


8.  J.  Averr,  'Leander  A.  Hall. 

WUliam  W.  Krape,  Charles  C.  Snyder. 


Geo.  M.  Moiilton, 
J.  Richmond, 
J.  A.  Hinsey, 
W.  A-  Northcott, 
J.  H.  Kraemer, 


W'Uliam  H.  Gray. 
'John  F.  Scott. 
H.  B.  Stolte. 
;c.  W.  Hawee. 
HogoPMers. 


Thomas  P.  Pierce,  I  Wm.  D.  Hackney. 
L.  E.  Robertson,     jW.  A.  Nimrocks. 
I.  J.  Chaae,  Lew  Replogle. 

Daniel  J.  Avcrv,  iClias.  A,  Capwell. 
George  J.  Reeo,  {Chas.  H.  Hinoian. 
Charles  E.  Ulrich,  Isadore  Mants. 

Joseph  Flory,         ;C.  Huntington. 
R.  S.  Isles,  iC.  A,  Wairen. 

S.  P.  A.  LIndahl,    iNels  Nelson. 
M.  J.  Walsh,  :j.  M.  Menkhana. 

A.  Bonnell. 


Wm.  F.  Singleton, 
H.  M.  Robinson, 


C.  E.  La  Grave. 


W.  M.  Barney, 
J.  R.  Camahan, 
J.  G.  Clark, 
W.  B.  Vanderlep, 
E.  B.  Chipman, 
J.  O.  Cooper, 
L.  B.  Lockard, 
R.  8.  Robertson, 
N.  R.  Ruckle, 
H.  F.  Barnes. 
L.  C.  Steward, 
J.  Caldwell, 
C.  F.  Hosier, 


F.  M.  Hubble, 
C.  B.  Mabie, 
M.  L.  Marks, 
Frank  D.  Jackson, 


Samuel  Stewart. 
D.  M.  Parry. 
W.  R.  Hines. 
6.  T.  Barney. 
G.  W.  Rich. 
J.  W.  MorrU. 
W.  C.  Harvey. 

H.WesL 
J.  8.  Anderson. 
H.  Ifalpas. 
C.  C.  Gihnore. 
F.  M.  Caldwell. 
O.  N.  Lambert. 


J.  C.  CommiDs. 
A.  T.  Parish. 
P.  W.  McManufi. 
Sidney  A.  Foetia-. 


Edward  A.  Temple, 
E.  A.  Kreger, 
C.  E.  Rawson, 
George  Haywood, 
Emmons  Johnson, 
Henry  Eebert, 
Jas.  McNanghton, 
Phillip  Banner, 
C.  P.  Searle, 
J.  W.  McMulUn, 
G.  R.  Strable, 
Flnley  Burke, 
Byron  A.  Beeaoo, 


A.  C.  Stllaon. 
Henry  Roddis. 
L.  C.  RaweoDL 
Murray  Haywood. 
George  W.  Harbin. 

B.  H.  Wbitcomb. 
L.  C.  Hnff. 

F.  H.  A.  Koch. 
John  M.  HexTon. 
F.  H.  Loiing. 
L.  B.  Baker. 
B.  H.  Haworth. 
B.  H.  Hibbetu 


DiRECTOBT  OF  COMPAKIEB,   LiFB. 


548 


I 


Name  of  Company. 


Indiana  Assessment  Co^s.—Continusd. 

1800  Odd  Fellows  Annuity 

1889  St  Stephens'  Brotherhood 

188S  Soathwestem  Mntual 

1884  United  States  Masonic  Benevolent, 


KANSAS. 
Hfs  Insurance  Ckimpany. 
Mntaal, 


KENTUCKY. 
Life  Insurance  Companies. 
Mntual, 


Location. 


Des  Moines, 
Des  Moines, 
Marshall  town, 
Coxmcil  Bluffs, 


Topeka, 


Louisville, 
Louisville, 


Lebanon, 

Louisville, 

Louisville, 


18C6 
1890  Sun, 

Assessment  lAfe. 

1877  Catholic  Knights  of  America, 

1886:Kentuclcy  Life  and  Accident 

1886  Peoples  Mntual  Assurance  Fund,.. 

I                           MAINE. 
I           L\fe  Insurance  Company.. 
1648  Union  Mutual, Portland, 

J                 Assessment  Life. 
Kennebec  Mutual, " Waterville, 

1886| Maine  Benefit, Auburn, 

180a  Orient  Mutual, York, 

1877jPatron8  Mntual  Aid, Auburn, 

1885  Provident  Aid Portland, 

1889  York  Mutual  Aid Biddeford, 

MARYLAND. 
L{fe  Insurance  Cofnixinies. 

1865  Maryland, Baltimore, 

1870  Mntual, Baltimore, 

I  Assessment  Life. 

180S  American  Mutual  Endowment  and  Life,  Baltimore, 

1893  Baltimore  Mutual  Aid, Baltimore, 

1882:Eureka  Mutual  Aid, Baltimore, 

1884  Globe  Reserve  Mutual, Baltimore, 

1884,Home  Frlendlj-, Baltimore, 

1890;  Immediate  Benefit, Baltimore, 

1801,Imperial  Mutual  Life  of  America, Baltimore, 

1890  Maryland  Beneficial, Haeerstown, 

1888  Maryland  Mntual  Aid  and  Accident,. . . .  Baltimore, 

1885  Maryland  Mutual  Benefit, Baltimore, 

1891  Merchants  and  Mechanics  Savings, Baltimore, 

leSBMntnal  Aid, Baltimore, 

1888j  Peninsula  Mutual  Relief, Eaaton, 

1882^ Provident  Life Baltimore, 

1878  Supreme  Conclave  Improveu  Order  Hep- 

taaophs, Baltimore, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
L\fe  Insurance  Companies. 
Berkshire,. , 


President. 


William  Mnsson, 
George  Miller, 
A.  B.  Cooper, 
Joseph  R.  Reied, 


J.  P.  Davis, 


Secretary. 


Charles  H.  Raker. 
J.  H.  Snoke. 
H.  S.  Halbert. 
Wm.  J.  Jameson. 


John  E.  Moon. 


Charles  D.  Jacob,    Wm.  W.  Morris. 
Albert  S.  Willis,      M.  W.  Adams. 


J.  D.  Coleman, 
W.  B.  Hoke, 
J.  C.  Getteys, 


IJ.  Barr. 

;w.  H.  McKinley. 

,W.  T.  Darrow. 


18B1 

180x  John  Hancock  Mutual Boston, 


.  Pittsfleld, 


John  E.  De  Witt,    Arthur  L.  Bates. 


William  T.  Haines,  Cyrus  W.  Davis. 
George  C.  Wing,     N.  W.  Harris. 
John  C.  Stewart,     J.  M.  Milliken. 
James  L.  Martin,    J.  L.  Ham. 
Frank.  J.  Rollins,   Everett  Smith. 
George  B.  Perkins.  Wm.  A.  Roberts. 


Wm.  H.  Blackford,  Henry  R.  Crane. 
Benj.  G.  Harris,       Henry  Roth. 


I 


i^amuel  W.  Guyton, 
F.  S.  Strobridge, 
W.  S.  Gillespie, 
William  J.  Wroth, 
B.  D.  Tallery, 
Albert  J.  Botts, 
8.  Dealham,  Jr., 
Chas.  W.  Seabold, 
R.  A.  SUnley, 
R.  A.  Stanley, 
Henry  8.  Reeester, 
E.  F.  Coward, 
Charles  M.  Jump, 
R.  D.  Morrison, 

s.A.wm, 


Edward  Brady. 
Wm.  O.  MacGiU. 
R.  W.  Griffin. 
J.  L.  Underssagt. 
George  A.  Chase. 
M.  Ik>thschild. 
Harry  8.  Schutte. 
Alex.  R.  Hagner. 
J.  E.  G.  Webb. 
J.  B.  G.  Webb. 
T.  R.  Wheeler. 
F.  C.  Philpitt,  Jr. 
j  Alexis  G.  Pascanlt 
W.  O.  Nelson. 

'Edwin  Eareckson. 


W.  R.  Plunket,        James  W.  Hull. 
Stephen  H.  Rhodes,. G.  B.  Woodward. 


544 


DlRBCTOBT  OF  COMPANIBB,   LiFE. 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President 


Secxttaxj. 


Mom*.  IAf€  Im.  Ck>^s.—  Continued. 

1861  Massachaaetta  Mataal, Springfield, 

1885  New  England  Mutnal, Boaton, 

1844 State  Mutual,. Worcester, 

Asseumeni  Life. 

1878  American  Legion  of  Honor, Boston, 

1881  Bay  State  Beneficiary, Westfleld, 

1891  lEagle  Life Westfield, 

lasajGood  Fellows,  Royal  Society  of Boston, 

1879|Home  Circle, Boston, 

1887lKnight8  and  Ladies, Boston, 

1878'MassachQBetU  Benefit, Boston, 

1891  National  Masonic  Aid, Wei^tfleld, 

18T7  New  England  Commercial  Travelers, . .    Boston, 

1887  New  England  Order  of  Protection, Boston, 

1883  Northern  Mutual  Kelief Boston, 

1889  Order  of  Scottish  Clanf> Boston, 

1879  Pilgrim  Fathers,  United  Order  of, Lawrence, 

1877,Koyal  Arcanum, Boston, 

1879  Union  Mutual  Benefit, Boston, 


MICfflGAN. 
L^e  Inmrance  Oompcmiet. 

1886  Imperial, Detroit, 

1867  Michigan  Mutual, Detroit, 

1884  Standard  Life  and  Accident, ^Detroit, 

AnMimerU  JJfe.  j 

Knights  of  the  Maccabees,  Great  Camp; 

Tor  Michigan, iPort  Horon, 

Knights   of    the   Maccabees,   Supremei 

Tent, Port  Huron, 

Masonic  Co-operative  Life, Detroit, 

MicMgan  Mutual  Benefit, 'Hillsdale, 

Odd  Fellows  Mutual  Benefit, Lansing, 

1684i Peninsular  Masonic  Aid, iCaro, 

1889  United  Friends, FUnt, 

MINNESOTA.  | 

lAft  Ingurancs  Company.  I 

1891  Life  Insnrance  Clearing, St  Paal, 


1881 

1888 

1879 
1879 
1893 


Astesgment  Life. 

189l[Ancient  Order  of  Aztecs, 

1885|  Ancient  Order  Hibernians, 

1880  Bankers , 

1887  Childrens  Endowment  Society, 

1883'Educationa]  Endowment, 

1R89,  Farmers  Accident  and  Mutual  Life, 
1891  Ionian  League, 

1890  Masonic  Life  of  America, 

1877;Ma8onic  Mutual  Aid, 

189S  Minneapolis  Mutual, 

1870  Minnesota  Odd  Fellows  Mutual  Benefit, 

1879  Minnesota  Scandinavian  Relief, 

1887|National  Benevolent, 

1885  Northwestern, 

1887!  Northwestern  Endowment  and  Legacy, . 
l889|Northwestem  Farmers, 

1891  Order  of  the  Iron  Cross, 

1890iSt  Paul  Life  and  Investment, 


Minneapolis, 

Stillwater, 

St.  Paul, 

Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Montevideo, 

Minneapolis, 

St.  Paul, 

Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

St  Paul, 

Red  Wing, 

Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Red  Wing, 

Elbow  LiDce, 

Mankato, 

1st.  Paul, 


M.  V.  B.  Edgerly,  ;JohnA.HalL 

nj.  F.  Stevens,     S.  F.  Troll. 
A.  G.  Bollock,        iHeniy  M,  Witter. 


E.  S.  Brown, 
John  R.  Reed. 
William  Provin, 
W.  R.  Spooner, 
Edward  Page, 
E.  T.  Colby, 
G.  A.  Litchfield, 
J.  A.  Lakin, 
Albert  Pitts, 
John  J.  Whipple, 
A.  L.  Barbour, 
Simon  Clark, 
John  L.  Bates, 
H.  H.  C.  MUler, 
N.  T.  Merritt, 


S.  F.  Angus, 
O.  R  Lssker, 
D.  M.  Ferry, 


I  Adam  Wamock. 
Robert  W.  Parka. 
Robert  Gowdy. 
D.  Wilson. 
J.  M.  Swain. 

B.  F.  Speilnum. 
iE.  S.  Litchfield. 
I  A.  J.  Gibbs. 
Walter  P.  Tilton. 
OranTille  Ca^h. 

j  Walter  Wright 
PetCT-  Kerr. 
;j.  £.  Shepard. 
IW.  O.  Robson. 

C.  R.  FQlaom. 


jThonMs  Berry. 
H.  F.  Frcde. 
Stewart  Marks. 


D.  D.  Aitken, 

D.  P.  Markay, 
Wm.  F.  Moore, 
Ira  B.  Card, 
Andrew  Harasbow, 
C.  P.  Black, 
W.  H.  AndrewB, 


Roflsell  R  Dorr, 


N.  S.  Boynton. 

N.  S.  Boynton. 
Peter  Soreosen. 
C.M.Barre. 
George  L.  Davis. 
N.  M.  Riduadsoii. 
E.  F.  LaoLb. 


Wm.  G.  White. 


ChrisTpher  Leckir, 
J.  J.  Kennedy, 
C.  M.  Taylor, 
H.  K.  Pratt 
J.  A.  Steele, 
L.  H.  Bay, 
W.  R,  Bartlett, 
Silas  B.  Foot, 
Charles  D.  Boyce, 
John  H.  Queal, 
Sherwood  Hough, 
Peter  Nelson, 
P.  B.  Crane, 
David  W.  Edwards, 
Horace  B.  Wilson, 
T.  C.  Hodgson, 
A.  T.  Foster, 
Joseph  Bobleter, 


L.  W.  Pierce. 
J.A.  O'Shangfan'ey. 
Douglas  Patnam. 
F.  P.  FresHdi. 
J.  Merritt 
L.  £.  UUey. 

orse  A.  Hughes. 
H.  W.  Bnssee. 
H.  R.  Denny. 
A.  A.  Coiwles. 
H.  J.  StroDse. 
A.  G.  RoelBg. 
Ira  F.  Mojphy. 
Dr.  J.  P.  Force. 
A.  J.  Heac^am. 
H.  H.  Schram. 
W.  L.  Comstock. 
H.W. 


.,__/Google 


DiRBCTORT  OF  C0MPAHIB8,   LiFE. 


546 


lAme  of  Company. 


I 


Location. 


President 


Secretary. 


Minn.  Asgettm&nt  ad's.— Continued. 
1800  Supreme  Conncll  of  Faithful  Catholic' 

Shepherds, St.  Paul, 

1888  Winona  Mutual  Benefit, Winona, 

1889  Youths  Endowment, Minneapolis, 

MISSOURI. 
L{f€  iMurance  Companies. 

1858  Covenant  Mutual, St.  Louis, 

lasSJGerman  Mutual, St.  Louis, 

Afsesaneni  Life. 

1877  Bohemian  Roman  Catholic  Union, St  Louis, 

1891  Great  Western  Benevolent, St.  Louis, 

1873  Kniehts  of  Honor, St  Louis, 

1879  Legion  of  Honor, St  Louis, 

1890  Merchants  Life  of  the  United  SUtes,...    St  Louis, 
1882  National  Temperance  Relief  Union St  Joseph, 

1878  Order  of  Mutual  Protection, St  Louis, 

1884  Temperance  Benevolent Troy, 


NEBRASKA. 


I 


1887 


Anestment  Life  Insurance  Companies.  ' 

r>  Bankers, Lincoln, 

1885  Union, Omaha, 

1 888  Omaha, Omaha, 

1890  Woodmen  of  the  W^orld, On   ' 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Assessment  Life  Insurance  Companies. 

1889  New  Hampshire  Mutual  Benefit, I Wolfehorough, 

1886,Pemigewa8set  Mutual  Relief, Plymouth, 

1878  Provident  Mutual  Relief Concord, 


Beneficiary  Associations. 

1886  Christian  Burden  Bearers, <Manchester, 

1871  Merrimack  County  Odd  Fellows,  Mu-I 

tual  Relief, Concord, 

1978  New  Hampshire  Masonic  Mutual  Relief,  Dover, 

NEW  JERSEY.  | 

Life  Insurance  Companies.  ' 

1870  CItI»jns  Mutual, Readington, 

1845  Mutual  Benefit, Newark, 

1878  Prudential  of  America, Newark, 

1888  United  States  Industrial, Newark, 


NEW  YORK. 
Life  Insurance  Companies. 

1864  Brooklyn. 

1888, Commercial  Alliance, 

1869,£qaitable  Life  Assurance  Society,. 

I860  Germania, 

1860  Home, 

1860,  Manhattan, 

1867  Metropolitan, 

1848' Mutual 


New  York, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
Brooklyn, 
New  York, 
New  York, 
New  York, 


John  Venne, 
'  Jolm  Harders, 
J.  E.  Walters, 


Edw.  Wilkerson, 
Christ  A,  Stifel, 


Joseph  Kuber, 
J.  H.  W.  Jones, 
Samuel  Elatz, 
J.  R.  Klnealy, 
Wm.  H.  Collins, 
James  M.  Street, 
John  F.  Bergherm, 
J.  B.  Allen, 


Frank  H.  Marzolf. 
M.  F.  WalB. 
R.  F.  Goodwin. 


Charles  E.  Pilling. 
Louis  J.  Belirens. 


♦  Frank  Sindelar. 
J.  Modrell  Jones. 
B.  F.  Nelson. 
W.  fl.  Holmeister. 
William  A.  Ellis, 
James  0*Ril^. 
t  G.  Del  Vecchio. 
Thomas  H.  Harris. 


W.  A.  LIndley,  J.  R.  Richards. 

'^^  M.  Morscman,  A.  L.  Wighton. 

^m.  F.  Bechtel,  George  Esmond. 

C.  Root,  John  T.  Yates. 


Jos.  W.  Goodwin, 
M.  N.  Davis, 
Benj.  F.  Prescott 


F.Burr, 

Horace  A.  Brown, 
Levi  G.  Hill, 


James  C.  Watson. 
Joseph  C.  Story. 
Anthony  C.  Hardy. 


C.  R.  Crossett. 

John  W.  Bourlet 
J.  T.  S.  Libbey. 


Wm.  A.  McMurtry,  A.  J.  Thompson. 
Amzi  Dodd,  ;Edw.  L.  Dobbins. 

John  F.  Dryden,    IForest  F.  Dryden. 
Edward  N.  Crane,  T.Elmer  Gay. 


Wm.  M.  Cole, 
A.  S.  Dunham, 
Henry  B.  Hyde, 
H.  Wesendonck, 
C.  A.  Townsend, 
Henry  B.  Stokes, 
John  R.  Hegeraan, 
R.  A.  McCurdy, 


William  Dutcher. 
William  Miller. 
Wm.  Alexander. 
Hubert  Cillis. 
EllU  W.  Gladwin. 
Wm.  C.  Frazee. 
George  H.  Gaston. 
■Wm.  J.  Easton. 


*  Secretary's  olBce  at  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
24* 


t  Secretary's  office  at  Chicago,  Illinois. 

.,y.  zed  by  Google 


54A 


DXBBCTOBT  OF  COMPAHIBS,   LiFB. 


ii 


Name  of  Oompftiij. 


Location. 


PreaideDt 


Sccictaty. 


I         N.  r.  U/e  Oo's.-Continwd. 

1846  New  York New  Tork, 

IflTO  Provident  Savings, New  Tork, 

1860  United  States New  York, 

1880  Washington, New  York, 


Albany, 


AsMMment  Life. 

187t)'A]bany  Masonic  Relief 

1873  Albany  Matual  Benefit i Albany, 

1886  Albany  Women  Teachers  Relief, Albany, 

188()  American  Co-operative  Relief, ISyracase, 

1883  American  Protective, Brooklyn, 

1888  American  Temperance  Life, New  York, 

186»Hank  Clerks  Mutual  Benefit, New  York, 

1868  Bookbinders  Provident, New  York, 

1879  Booksellers  and  Stationers  Provident,  . .  New  York, 

1867  Brooklyn  Masonic  Matual  Relief^ Brooklyn, 

1891  Buffalo  Police  Mutual  Aid  and  Benefit, 'Buffalo, 

1884  Chautauqua  Mutual  Life, Mavville, 

1881  Chenango  Matual  Relief, Oxford, 

1888  Citizens  Mutual  Life New  York, 

18T2  Commercial  Travelers, ISyracuse, 

1885  Cortland  W^agon  Com|>any  Mutnal  Aid, 'Cortland, 

1886  DeW^itt  Clinton  Ready  Relief Brooklyn, 

1886  Empire  State  Dej^rce  of  Honor, 'Stockton, 

1888  Equal  Rights  Benefit j  Albany, 

1860  Expressmens  Mutual  Benefit. Blmlra, 

1878  German  Masonic  Mutual  Relief, New  York, 

1884  (ilobe  Mutual  Benefit, New  York, 

1878  Gold  and  Stock  Life, |New  York, 

1884  Golden  Eagle, Brooklyn, 

1883  Good  Templars  Mutual  Benefit, '  Rochester, 

1882  Home  Benefit  Society, New  York, 

1886  Industrial  Benefits ISyracuse, 

1873  Insurance  Clerks  Mutual  Benefit, New  York, 

1887  Jewelers  L^qziie, New  York, 

1886  Jewelers  and  Tradesmcns, |New  York, 

1880  Knickerbocker  Mutual  Benefit, New  York, 

1881  Mariners  Mutual  Benefit, New  York, 

1870  Masonic  Guild  and  Mutual  Benefit, New  York, 

1876  Masonic  Life Oswego, 

1873  Masonic  Life  of  Western  New  York,.. ..  Buffalo, 

1872  Masonic  and  Ministerial  Relief, iChatham. 

1OT7  Mercantile  Benefit, New  York, 

1881  Mercantile  Mutual  Accident New  York, 

1889  Merchants    and    Mechanics    Life   and 

I       Accident, Brooklyn, 

1876  Mohawk  Valley  Masonic  Life, '  I  lion, 

1880, Mutual  Aid  and  Accident | Rochester, 

1887{Mntual  Benefit  of  the  Fifth  Street  Bap-' 

I       tist  Church, 'Troy, 

1888  Mutual  Benefit  Life  of  America, New  York, 

1886Mutual  Life, Brooklyn, 

1876  Mutual  Benefit  of  Suffolk  County, 'Riverhead, 

187l>  Mutual  Relief  Association, 'New  York, 

1881  Mutual  Reserve  Fund  Life New  York, 

188(5  Mutnal  Union, Rochester, 

1881  National  Benefit, New  York, 

1881iNational  Mutual New  York, 

1868  New  York  Physicians  Mutual  Aid, iNew  York, 

1888;New  York  Safety  Reserve  Fund iNew  York, 

JS?  J!5?fc^  'r*®*"  Masonic  Mutual  Relief,.  .Ogdcnsborgh, 
1860,Odd  Fellows  Mutnal  Aid  and  Benefit, . . .  Itochester, 


John  A.  HcCall,     'Chas.  C.  WUtaey. 
Sheppard  Homans,  Wm.  B.  Sterens. 
George  H.  Bnrford,  C.  P.  Fta^dgh. 
W.  A.  Brewer,  Jr., (William  Haxam. 


Geo.  R.  Hodgkina,  iWm.  B. 
James  Clark,  'John  J. 


Marearet  Mooney, 
C.  £.  Manard, 
J.  n.  Gamall, 
;Frank  Delano, 
Richard  Morgan, 
Robert  Rutter, 


Fitch. 

Cox. 
Eleanora  Walk. 
[Geo.  W.  Salisbnry. 
'Daniel  C.  DemeritL 
,Geo.  E.  Godward. 
'T.  H.  Smith. 
Jas.  Stevenson. 


C.  T.  DUIingham,   'W\  B.  Ketcham. 
;Jame8  Coraelins,   ;G.  M.  Anderson. 


iFrank  J.  Dlig, 
I  James  Granger, 


iThomaa  J.  Wiley. 
Seth  Striven. 


Cliarles  W.  Brown,  Wm.  K,  Jacobs. 


A.  S.  Whiton, 
Riley  V.  Miller, 
John  C.  Barry, 
Frederick  Steeb, 
;W.  H.  Wakeman, 
iG.  W.  YerkB, 


Bd.  W.  HnstaL 
J.  G.  Barker, 
jjohn  J.  Kelly. 
IWarren  Jones. 
H.  W.  Seymour. 
S.  P.  SimmonsL 


Henry  W.  Dwight,,S.  De  Witt. 
Gustav  Laater,        Wiliiam  Thieae. 
C.  W.  Tankeiflley, 
R.  J.  Hutchinson,   William  J.  Daly. 


Ueniv  Schlim, 
W.  Martin  Jones, 
John  F.  H.  King, 
A.  £.  NetUeton, 
,George  B.  Rhoades, 
Henry  Hayes, 
Thomas  A.  Yoong, 
M.  J.  Daniels, 
Martin  Hubbe, 
Robert  Black, 
]C.  H.  Treadwell, 
|john  B.  Sackcit, 
Edgar  Balis, 
Alonzo  .Mford, 
Austin  Dall, 

Hermann  Zeydel, 
C.  W.  Carpenter, 
p.  N.  Crane, 

H.  A.  Kenney. 
W.  H.  Whiton, 
Charles  K.  Jndson, 
J.  Henry  Nevins, 
H.  S.  Hemnan, 
E.  B.  Harper, 
E.  A.  Pierce, 
L.  O.  Robertaon, 
iN.  W.  Blosa, 
jDan'l  Lewis,  M.D., 
I  John  L.  Roberts, 
Peter  8.  Bymee, 
Charles  Owen, 


8.  H.  Dcvore. 
George  T.  Fish. 
Geo.  W.  Qodwarl 
O.  N.  Lambert, 
Charles  F.  Alien. 
Wm.  L.  Sexton. 

E.  S.  Johnson,  Jr. 
Jas.  M.  Desmond. 
Rnfus  S.  King. 
Z.  £.  Barnes. 
John  M.  Bnrr. 
Nelson  O.  Tiffany. 
Geo.  McCiellan. 
Ira  W.  Steward. 
R.  P.  Woodward. 

GooxKe  C.  ZeydeL 

L  P.  Ogden. 

D.  J.  Woodworth. 

Jdh>me  H.  Pavne. 

F.  H.  Calkina. 
Oliver  W^atsoa. 
.\.  Bradley. 
Leopold  Woodie. 
F.  T.  Bramcai. 
Thomas  Leahy. 
William  Abbon. 
W.  G.  Lord. 

J.  B. Nichols, MB. 
Wm.  H.  Wlntle- 
W.  W.  FaltoQ. 
Henry  PsarccL 


DiRBCTORT  OF  COMFANISS,   LiFE. 


647 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


PresideDt. 


N.  Y.  Asiesgmsnt  Co"*.— Continued.    ' 
1807  Odd  Fellows  Mutual  Benefit  of  Kings 

I       County, Brooklyn, 

1875  Odd  Fellows  Provident, Brooklyn, 

1889  Odd  Fellows  Relief Albany, 

1886  Ontario  Mutual  Accident,  Xew  York, 

1886  Protective  Life, Buffalo, 

1883  Provident  of  Newtown, Maspeth, 

1886  Provident  Fund, New  York, 

1874  St.  Lawrence  Life, New  York, 

1887  Security  Mutual  Life Rinehamton, 

1868,Southem  Tier  Masonic  Relief Kliiilra, 

1877'Stairord  Benefit, Stafford, 

1869, Teachers  Mutual  Life, New  York, 

1881iTeacher8  Provident, New  York, 

1867  Telegraphers  Mutual  Benefit New  York, 

1886!Uniled  Life New  York, 

1871  Western  New  York  Masonic  Relief, Rochester, 

1884  Western  New  York  Relief Sherman, 

1883  Womens  Mutual  Insurance  and  Acci- 
dent of  America, New  York, 

1886  WoTkingmans  Co-operative  of  the  United 

Insurance  Lea*{ije  of  New  York, ....  New  York, 

1879  Workingmens  Protective  Union COeymans, 

OHIO. 
Hfe  Insurance  Companies. 

1807  Union  Central, Cincinnati, 

1888'  Western  and  Southern, Cincinnati, 

I  Assessment  Life. 

1880  Cincinnati  Life Cincinnati, 

1884  Fraternal  Mystic  Circle, Columbus, 

1870  Home  Mutual  Aid Zanesvllle, 

1886  International  Progressive  Association, . .  Mansfield, 
187^  Knights  and  Ladies  of  the  Golden  Rule.  Cincinnati, 
1878  Knights  Templars  and  Masonic  Mutual i 

i       Aid| Cincinnati, 

1867;Locomotive  Engineers  Mutual, Cleveland, 

1883  Masonic  Mutual  Life, Cleveland, 

1885  Mutual  Aid  of  Members  of  the  Reformed 

Church  of  the  United  States, Gallon, 

1888  Mutual  Life  of  the  Cincinnati  Chaml)er 

of  Commerce, Cincinnati, 

1881  National  Union, Toledo. 

1871.Northwestem  Ohio  Masonic  Relief,.  .     Toledo, 

1872, Odd  Fellows  Beneficial  .\980ciation ;ColumbaB, 

1889iOdd  Fellows  Mutual  Aid  and  Accident 

I       Association,  Piqua, 

1877  Peoples  Mutual  Benefit WestcrviUe, 

1890  Scottish  Rite  Knights  Templar  and  Mas- 

ter Masons, Dayton, 

1878  Young  Mens  Mutual  Life, Cincinnati, 


PENNSYLVANIA.  ' 

Hfs  Insurance  Companiss.  \ 

1847  Penn  Mutual Philadelphia, 

1813|PennBylvania  Company  for  insurance  on 

lives  and  granting  Annuities, Philadelphia, 

1769  Presbyterian  Ministers  Fund, Philadelphia, 

1866  Provident  Life  and  Trust, Philadelphia, 


*G.  Bazing, 
'£.  Jacobs, 
Charles  Van  Loon, 
A.  L.  Soulard, 
John  H.  Meech, 
■Geo.  W.  Cadwell, 
A.  N.  Lock  wood, 
John  J.  Barnsdall, 
H.  J.  Gaylord, 
John  D.  Williams, 
Israel  M.  Peck, 
Henry  C.  Martin, 
N.  A.  Calkins, 
James  Merrihcw, 
Peter  Bowe, 
John  W.  Stebbins, 
J.  T.  Green, 


Secretary.' 


John  Whitel. 
L.  Beasley. 
Abram  DeBlaev. 
Wm.  B.  Chandler. 
William  H.  Slacer. 
Ansel  L.  Freeman. 
H.  C.  Brownell. 
C.  Ray  Southwick. 
Charles  M.  Turner. 
E.  O.  Beers. 
IE.  M.  Pamphilon. 
iH.C.  Utchfleld. 
Alfred  S.  Bush. 
Thos.  E.  Fleming. 
J.  J.  Pardee. 
Clifton  C.  Glflord. 
B.  J.  Coflln. 


A.  W.  Sterling,       iGrace  Lloyd. 

A.  O.  Bothner,         Wm.  B.  Donlhee. 
Jacob  B.  Holmes,    Warren  B.  Hoimea. 


John  M.  Pattison,  E.  P.  Marshall. 
Frank  Caldwell,      W.  J.  Williams. 


J.  R.  Baumes,         J.  H.  Gray. 

D.  E.  Stevens,         Charles  E.  Rowley. 

F.J.Terry,  J.  N.  Carr. 

B.  F.  Crawford,       V.  C.  Routzahn. 

Robert  W.  Haynes,  T.  J.  Smith. 


E.  T.  Carson, 
P.  M.  Arthur, 

F.  W.  Pelton, 

•Jacob  Dahlmann, 

I. Lee  H.  Brooks, 
H.  T.  Brain, 
D.  P.  Chamberlain, 
John  Startzman, 

!J.  R,  George, 
C.  W.  Miller, 

<Eli  Fashold, 
i Paris  C.  Brown, 


Ed.  M.  Needles, 

Undlcy  Smyth, 
H.  O.  Gibbons, 
IS.  R.  Shipley, 


W.  B.  Mellsh. 
T.  S.  Ingraham. 
Fred  A.  Morse. 

C.  Ernst  Klopp. 

John  A.  Cochran. 
J.  W.  Mvers. 
W.  W.  Alcorn. 
Thos.  A.  Morgan. 

J.  L.  McKlnney. 
A.  B.  Kohr. 

N.  P.  Ramsey. 
C.  F.  Hopldns. 


Henry  C.  Bro^-n. 

William  P.  Henry. 
N.  L.  Upham. 
AsaS.  Wing. 


548 


Directory  of  Compamibs,  Lifb. 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


1 

'  AstesfmerU  L\fe.  \ 

iSTVEqoitable  Aid Colambost 

1879  FldeUty  Mutual  Life, Philadelphia, 

1878  Independent    Order    of    Odd    Fellows 

i       Muinal  I*lfe Lewiaborg, 

1878  Kevntone  Mutual  Reneilt ' Allentown, 

18T3  Lake  Shore  Maiiouic  Relief ,ETle. 

1878  Mutual, Lemiflburg, 

1891  Pblladclphia  Mutual  Life Philadelphia, 

1889  Pottaville  Home  M utual  Life Pott8\ille, 

1886  Protected  Home  Circle, Sharon, 

1885  Reverting  Fund Reading, 

1870 Temperance  Mutual  Benefit, Philadelphia, 

1881  Trust  Mutual  Relief AnnvUle, 

1870  United  Brethren  Mutual  Aid, Lebanon, 

1875  Volunteer  Firemen, I  Philadelphia, 

j  TENNESSEE.  | 

'  Aiiutment  Life  Iriwrance  Oompanlei,  • 

1887  Central  Qaarantoe, KnoxviUe, 

1886  Cleveland  Life  Mutual Cleveland, 


UTAH. 
I  AtMumtnt  L\f€  Jnsuramt  Company. 
1882iMerchantis  and  Bankers  of  rtah, 


VERMONT. 
Life  Insurance  Companies. 

18«  NaUonal 

1868^  Vermont, 


Ogden, 


Montpeller, 
Burlington, 


1871 


1888 


VIRQINIA. 
Hf€  Inturance  Company, 

Life  of  Virginia, Richmond, 

AsMtsment  L\fe. 
Equity, Stannton, 


JgW  National  Mutual  Aid, Alexandria, 

1^  Odd  FellowH  Aid  and  Protective Richmond, 

1878  Valley  Mutual  Life  of  Virginia Staunton, 

WEST  VIRGINIA.  ! 

Life  Insurance  Company. 
1889  Provident  Life Wheeling, 


WISCONSIN. 
Li/s  Insvranee  Company.  ' 

186t  Northwestern  Mutual Milwaukee, 

Assessment  life.  ' 

1881  Northwestern  Mutual  Relief, Madison. 

1891  Wisconsin  Mutual  Aid Milwaukee, 

1869: Wisconsin  Odd  Fellows  Mutual, iMilwaukee, 


Freeldent. 


Secretary. 


Albert  Morgan, 
G.  L.  Fooae, 

John  W.  Evana, 
W.  H.  Hartzell, 
J.  J.  Wadsworth, 
J.  W.  Evana, 
Gilbert  Wdr, 
F.  B.  Deisher, 
H.  C.  Hall, 
Henry  V.  Mohn, 
L.  A.  T^ler, 
A.  R-  Forney, 
John  B.  Stenman, 
J.  K.  Hnghea, 


•John  T.  Irvin. 
IW.S.  Campben. 

Eliaa  P.  Bohbach. 
A.  R.Hoiiie. 
Wm.  Himrod. 
iB.  P.  Bpbbttch. 
!j.  M.^Ukinson. 
jC.  D.  Johnson. 
P.  D.  Strmtton. 
L.H.PleCL 
LewiB  Palmer. 
C.  Dean. 

Joaeph  B.  Hnrfeh. 
J.  Q.  Hollick. 


N.  F.  Thompton, 
C.  L.  Hardwick, 


Thea  Boblnaon, 


Charles  Dewey, 
C.  M.  Spaolding, 


G.  A.  Walker, 


Fitshngfa  Lee, 
F.  E.  (^rbett, 


;johnW 
Geo. 


W.  Tingle, 
D.  Bldrldge, 


D.  H.  Taylor, 


H.  L.  Palmer, 


John  W.  Hudson, 
'Wm.  J.  Fiebrante, 
H.  F.  Hnbbard, 


William  Oark. 
W.  H.  TonUn. 


W.  D.  Robertson. 


George  W.  Beed. 
C.B.TiirtliL 


James  W.  Pegnun. 


E.  If .  Fonkhooeer. 
ThomaaB.  Bond. 
John  Tairan. 
R.D.  Hatelip. 


ThoB.  J.  Jenkinib 


J.  W.  Bkinner. 


F.  B.  ParkiiiFon. 
William  A.  Frirke. 
J.  W.  OBtx«nd<y. 


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DlRBCTORT  OF  COHPAMIES,  M16OBLLANEOU8. 


549 


ACCIDENT  INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


Name  of  Company. 


IBSO^ifitna  Life,  Accideiit  Department,.. . 
1890.American  CasmUty  Ine.  and  Security, 
1800^ American  Employers  Liability, 


Location. 


Hartford,  Conn., 
naltimore,  Md., 
Jersey  City,  N.  J., 


1880j Employers  Liability  of  London Boston,  Mass., 

1890  Equitable  Accident, Oenyer,  Colo., 

1876  Fidelity  and  Casualty Xew  York,  N,  Y., 

1898, Inter-State  Casualty New  York,  N.  Y., 

....London  Guarantee  and  Accident  of 


1887 
1884 


London,. 
tPaciflc  Mutual  Life,. 
Standard  Life  and  Accident,. 


1864iTrayeler8,  Accident  Department,.. 


C'hicago,  HI., 
SunFrancisco,  Cal., 
Detroit,  Mich., 
ilartford.  Conn., 


President. 


Secretary. 


Joel  L.  EngliBh. 
J.  K.  Jackson. 
J.  J.  Tucker. 


M.  O.  Bulkeley, 
W.  E.  Midgley, 
J.  H.  Crane, 

iEndicott  &  Ma- 
comber,  Mgrs., 
.  A.  Beed,  James  Rice. 

George  Seward,      'Robert  J.  Hillas. 
George  £.  Hamlin,  C.  S.  Somerville, 


A.C.Edwards,Mgr. 
George  A.  Moore, 
,D.  M.  Ferry, 
'  Jas.  G.  Batterson, 


J.  N.  Patton. 
Stewart  Marks. 
Rodney  Dennis. 


*  Accident  Department  established  1891. 


t  Accident  Department  established  1886. 


FIDELITY  INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


i 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


1884  American  Surety, 'New  York,  N.  Y., 

City  Trust,  Safe  Deposit,  and  Surety,|Philadelphia,  Pa., 

1661  Guarantee  Co.  of  North  America, Montreal,  Canada, 

1886  Mississippi  Valley  Trust, St.  Louie,  Mo., 

1888  National  Surety, Kansas  City,  Mo., 

1885  Pacific  Surety San  Franci8Co,Cal., 

1889  St.  Louis  Trust, St.  Louis,  Mo., 

1893  Union  Casualty  and  Surety, St.  Louis,  Mo., 

1890  Union  Trust, St.  Louis,  Mo., 

1890  United  States  Guarantee, New  York,  N.  Y., 


President 


W.  L.  Trenholm, 
C.  M.  Swaim, 

Alex.  T.  Ganlt, 

Julius  S.  Walsh, 
Arthur  E.  StUwell, 
Wallace  Everson, 
Thomas  H.  We»t, 
C.  P.  Ellerbe, 
Carlos  S.  Greeley, 
Edward  Rawlings, 


Secretary. 


J.  F.  Lynd. 

i£dw.    Rawlings^ 
Mang.  Director, 
recken.  Jones. 
Ruffln  A.  Smith. 
A.  P.  Redding. 
John  D.  Fillcy. 
A.  Van  Womier. 
Cor.  Tompkins. 
D.  J.  Tompkins. 


PLATE  GLASS  INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


t 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President 


Home  Phite  GlafM, 

Lloyd  Plate  Glass, 

Metropolitan  Plate  (}laKi»,. . 
New  Jersey  Plate  Glass, . . . 
New  York  Plate  Glass,. . . . 

Pottstown  Plate  Glass, 

United  States  Plate  Glass,. 


1882 
1883 

1674  Metro] 

1868 

1891 

1867 


Washington,  D.  C, 
New  York,  N.  Y., 
New  York,  N.  Y., 
Newark,  N.  J., 
New  York,  N.  Y., 
Pottstown,  Pa., 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 


'j.  L.  Barbour, 
W.  T.  Woods, 
Henry  Harteau, 
S.  C.  Hoagland, 
E.  R.  Kennedy, 
Geo.  R.  Harrison, 
J.  S.  Chahoon, 


Secretary. 


C.  N.  Lamer. 
C.  E.W.Chambers. 
E.  H.  Winslow. 
H.  B.  Schureman. 
Major  A.  White. 
John  A.  Selinger. 
Isaac  Rlndge. 


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DiRBCTOBT    OP    COMPANIBS.   MtSCBLLAKBOUS. 


STEAM  BOILER  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 


i 


Name  of  Company. 


LocatioD. 


1886  Hartford  Steam  Boiler  InspccUon  and 

laaarance, 'llartford.  Conn., 


President 


J.  M.  Allen, 


Secretary. 


J.  B.  Pierce. 


TITLE  INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


Name  of  Company. 


1886  California  Title  Insurance  and  Trust,  San  Frand800,CaI.. 


1889  Conveyancers  Title, 


Location. 


1886 

1897 
1886 

1886 
1887 
1887 
1888 


Boston,  Haas., 


German-American  beal  Estate  Title 

Guarantee, New  York,  N.  T., 

Lawyers  Title, "      ""    ' 

Maryland  Title  Insurance  and  Trust, 

Massachusetts  Title, 

Minnesota  Title  Insurance  and  Trust, 

Rochester  Title, 

St.  Paul  Title  Insurance  and  Trust,. 
Title  Guarantee  and  Trust, 


New  York,  N.  Y., 
Baltimore.  Md.,. 
Boston,  Mass., 
Minneapolis,  Kn., 
RochesterTN.  Y., 
St.  Paul,  Minn., 
New  York,  N.  Y.. 


President. 


G.  T.  Marye,  Jr., 
F.  C.  Bowditch, 

A.  L.  Soolaid, 

B.  W.  Coggeahall, 
Jesse  HlUes, 
H.  W.  Suter. 
Joseph  M.  Bames, 
Fredfrick  Cook, 
M.  Auerbach, 

C.  H.  Kelsey, 


Secretary. 


M.  B.  Clapp. 
James  R.  Carret. 

S.  B.  liTineston. 
William  P.  Dtroo. 
WUIiam  M.  Isaacs. 
A.  A.  Rand. 
C.  M.  Hanson. 
Frank  S.  Upton. 
C.  M.  Tayk>r. 
LuY.BnghL 


LIVE  STOCK  INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


I 


Name  of  Company. 


Location. 


President 


Secretary. 


1886'Northwestem  Live  Stock,, 
1890 United  States  Live  Stock,.. 


Des  Moines.  Iowa, 
Fergus  Falls,  Mn., 


B.  F.  KanfEman, 


B.R.  Field. 
A.  B.  Erickson. 


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JOHN  C.  PAIGE, 

Insurance  Agency, 

20  KILBY  STREET,  BOSTON. 


TIlJLBlH^r 


■IT!^ 


HOME  LIFE 

Insurance  Cohpany 

(Organized  1860) 

OF    NEW   YORK. 


GEO.   H.   RIPLEY,  .        .  .     President. 

GEO.    E.  IDE,  .        .        .  Vice-President. 

ELLIS  W.   GLA.DWIN,  .  .     Secretary. 

WM.   A.  MARSHALL,     .  Actuary. 


$123.32  Assets  to 

every  $100  Liabilities. 


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THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  UBRARY 
RBPBRBNCB  DBPARTMBNT 


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ftokoB  from  tfio  Building 


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