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THE 

Hagerman  Collection 

HISTOBY  AND  POUTICAL  SaENCE 

JAMES  J.  HAGERMAN  OF  CLASS  OF  '61 

Prafcuw  Chtrfct  KcmUII  Ad«iM 


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•  A' 


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THE 

ANTHUAL  REGISTER, 

OR  A  VIEW  OF  THE 

HISTORY 

AND 

POLITICS 

OF   THE   YEAR 

184  8. 


LOTJDON: 
PRINTED  FOR  F.  &  J.  RIVINGTON ; 

I^NOMAN  AND  CO.)  J.  M.  RICHARDSON  I  HAMILTON  AND  CO.i  SIMPKIN  AND 
CO.i  -IRODWELLi  HOULSTONAND  STONIHANi  G.  LAWrORDi  J.  DOWDINOl 
J.  BUHPUSi  COWIE  AND  CO.  I  CAPE9  AND  SON)  SMITH,  ELDIR  AND 
CO-I  H.  WASHBOURNEi  H.  O.  BOHNt  WALLER  AND  SONl  J.  THOMAS  I 
L-  BOOTH  1  W.  J.  CLEATERi  D.  notTTLEDaBi  O.  WILLIS  I  J.  OREEN  t 
AND  TBOG  AND  CO. 


:.=.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


OBOBOI     WOODPALL    AHO    aOH, 


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CONTENTS. 


B»«wembljng  of  Fwlument.  ftftei  the  Chiiatnuts  R«oeM,  on  the  Srd  of  F»- 
bmUT — Th«  West  Indik  Qutitioii  bMomee  the  fint  robject  of  Discuuion 
— Lord  Qeoige  Bentinck  moves  for  a  Select  CiHumittM  of  Iiiqiili7-_His 
Speech — Speeches  of  the  Chsncellor  of  tiie  Sxchotjuer^  Mr.  James  WiboD, 
Mr.  T.  Banns,  Hr.  BwnaJ,  Mr.  Disnuli — The  Motion  u  n^Teed  to  without 
ft  DiTiaioB— LoMi  of  iEOfXHX.  to  some  of  the  West  Indism  Colonies  ^o- 
posed  bj  the  Ghucellor  of  the  Bxcbequer. — Discussion  thereon — -Un- 
ntTOontUe  Intelligence  received  respecting  the  Condition  of  the  West  In- 
disn  Inteicct — Remedi&l  Aleesures — Lord  John  Russell  proposes  his  Flftn 
in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  16th  of  June— He  reviews  the  put 
Legislation  uid  existing  Position  of  the  Qaestiou  at  gMkt  length— ^^b« 
Hinisterikl  Scheme  is  nnfftvourablj  received — Sir  John  Fakington  moves 
■n  Amendment  on  the  18th  of  Jane,  asserting  the  Claim  of  ^e  Colonies 
to  -sore  effectoal  Relief— Speeches  of  Sir  E.  Buxton,  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Rxcheqoier,  Mr.  E.  Sejmer,  Mr.  Hum<^  Ltnd  Qeor^  Bentinck,  Mr.  Hawes, 
and  otiier  Members — A  warm  peraoniJ  Discussion  arises  touching  the 
Adminiatration  of  the  Colonial  Office — The  Debate  is  continued  bj  Ad- 
journments at  ^eat  leiwth — Important  Speech  of  Sir  Babert  Peel  in 
&Tour  of  the  Muvisteriaf  Measure — The,  Amendment  in  rejected  b;  260 
to  245 — Several  other  Amendments  are  moved,  but  without  success,  b; 
Hr.  Blight,  Mr.  BarUj,  Mr.  Bouverie,  and  other  Members — Lord  John 
Bussell's  Resolutions  are  finally  agreed  to  and  embodied  in  a  Bill,  which 
pisBm  ihnnwh  the  House  of  Commone — Debates  in  the  House  of  Lords 
on  West  In&n  A&irs — Barl  Orey  introduces  the  Question  diEcuased  in 
the  House  of  Commons  affecting  the  Colonial  Office,  and  vindicates  his 
own  Conduct — Speeches  of  Lord  Stanley,  Lord  Brougham,  the  Marquis  of 
Isutsdowne,  and  other  Members — Debate  on  the  Second  Heading  of  the 
Sugar  Duties  Bill-Speeches  of  Earl  Grey,  Lord  Sedewialej  and  Lord 
Denman — The  Second  Beading  is  agreed  to,  and  the  Bill  becomes 
Law Page  [I 

CDAPTEB  11. 

PinABce — Division  of  Public  Opinion,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Session, 
rei^Mcting  the  Kational  Defences — Views  of  the  Free-Trade  Leaden  on 
the  Subject — Lord  John  Rnesell  makes  a  Financial  Statement  on  the  18th 
of  Februarf — His  Speech — Detail  of  the  Income  and  Expenditure — Pro- 
position for  ccntinnmg  the  Income  Tax  for  Three  Years  at  the  increased 
Bate  of  Five  per  Cent. — Cn&TOurable  reception  of  the  Ministerial  State- 
nent  b/  tiie  House — Sir  Charles  Wood  enaeavourt  to  pimtitiate  the  Op- 
position bj  moving  that  the  Army,  Kavy^  and  Ordnance  Estimates  be  re- 
ferred to  a  Select  Committee — Observations  of  Mr.  Hume,  Lord  Qeorge 
Beutiiick,  and  otiter  Members — Great  Agitation  excited  in  various  parts 
^  the  Countrr  by  the  poposed  augmentation  of  the  Income  Tax — The 

a  a 


h  CONTENTS. 

ChuiMlloT  of  tbe  Bxcbequer  snnounceg  on  th«  2Sth  thftt  the  Qoremineiit 
do  not  intend  to  press  the  Resolutiaa  for  mcrewung  tbe  Income  Tai — His 
StatGiueiit  of  the  Pinanciftl  Prospecte  of  the  Country— Speeches  of  Mr. 
Waklej,  Mr.  Cobcten,  Lord  John  Russell,  Mr.  Disraeli,  and  other  Membera 
— Tbe  public  feelioe  is  turned  by  these  discussiane  to  the  unequal  pres- 
sure of  the  Tax  ai  tuen  esiatin^— Mr.  Horsman  proposea  a  Plan  for  grai- 
duating  the  Tax  in  respect  to  different  Icinda  of  Property — The  Chancel- 
lor of  the  Exchequer  and  Lord  John  Russell  oppose  the  Motion — It  is  re- 
jected on  a  Division  by  316  to  141 — Mr.  Hume  moves  that  the  Tax  be 
renewed  for  One  Tear  only,  instead  of  Three — Sir  Charles  Wood  opposes 
the  Motion— General  Discussion  on  the  Income  Tax — Sir  Robert  Peel  de- 
fends his  own  Measure  and  Policy — He  is  answered  by  Lord  Oeorge  Ben- 
tinck— Mr.  J.  Wilson  defends,  in  an  elaborate  Speech,  the  ?ree-Tr»de 
Measures  of  Sir  Robert  Peel — Mr.  Diaraeli  argues  on  the  other  side — Mr. 
Gladstone  vindicates  the  reiKnt  Commercial  Changes  in  an  able  Speech — 
Speeches  of  Mr.  Cobden  and  Lord  John  RuBsell — The  Debate,  after  two 


_y  of  his  Arguments — It  is  opposed  warmly  by  the  Irish  Members, 

and  resisted  by  the  Oovemmeat — Majority  arainst  it  80 — Unsatisfactory 
position  of  the  Finances,  with  an  anticipated  Deficit — The  Chancellor  ot 
the  Exchequer  promises  to  make  a  definite  statement  before  the  close  of 
the  Session — On  the  25th  of  August  he  enters  fully  into  the  state  of  the 
Revenue,  and  announces  his  plan  for  supplying  the  DeficienCT — Proposi- 
tion to  raise  2,031,22G{.  by  a  Loan — Dissatisfaction  created  by  this  Pro- 
posal— Mr.  Hume  strongly  objects,  and  again  urges  retrenchment  of  the 
lUxpenditure — He  renews  his  objections  on  the  29th,  when  the  Bill  for 
givme  effect  to  Sir  Charles  Wood  a  Plan  is  before  the  Uouse — Speeches  of 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Mr.  Henley,  Mr.  Drummond,  Mr. 
Spooner,  Mr.  Cobdeo,  Mr.  A.  Smith,  and  Lord  John  Russell — Mr.  Hume's 
Motion  for  rejecting  the  Bill  is  negatived  by  66  to  4G,  and  the  latter  is 
passed [33 

CHAPTER  III. 

Alteration  of  the  Navigation  Laws — Announcement  respecting  them  in  the 
Queen's  Speech — Mr.  Labouchere,  on  the  Kith  of  May,  explains  the  Mi- 
nisterial Scheme  in  a  Committee  of  the  whole  House — His  Speech — Lord 
Oeorge  Bentinck  declares  his  Opposition  to  the  Plan,  which  is  commented 
upon  by  various  Members  on  either  side — Mr.  Herries  moves  a  Resolution 
on  the  39th  of  May,  in  favour  of  munttuning  the  fundamental  principles 
of  the  Navigation  Laws — Tbe  Debate  is  prolonged  for  three  nights  by  Ad* 
ioumment— Speeches  of  Mr.  Herries,  Mr.  labouchere,  Mr.  Alderman 
Thompson,  Mr.  Baitlie,  Mr.  Robinson,  Mr.  Gibson,  Mr.  W.  B.  Oladstone, 
Mr.  Cardwell,  Sir  C.  Wood,  Lord  Oeorge  Bentinck,  Mr.  Cohden,  Mr.  Di»- 
raeli,  and  Sir  Robert  Peel — Upon  a  Division,  the  Resolution  is  lost  by 
S94  to  177 — In  consequence  of  the  delay  which  had  occurred,  Mr.  Labou- 
chere, en  the  ISth  August,  announces  the  Postponement  of  the  Measure 
till  the  next  Beasion— Jewish  Disabilities  Removal  Bill — Circumstances 
which  led  to  the  Introduction  of  this  Measure — The  Second  Reading 
being  moved  on  the  7th  February,  Mr.  Augustus  Stafford  moves,  aa  an 
Amendment,  that  it  be  read  a  Second  Time  that  day  Six  Months— Lord 
Burghley  seconds  the  Amendment — Speechos  of  Mr.  W.  P.  Wood,  Mr. 
Milnes,  Sir  W.  Molesworth,  Lord  Mahon,  Mr.  Walpole,  Mr.  Shiel,  Mr. 
Newdegate,  Sir  Robert  Peel,  and  other  Members — The  Second  Reading  is 
carried  by  a  Majority  of  73— Upon  a  subsequent  stage,  Mr.  Q<aing  moves 
an  Ajuendmeal  oondemnatoty  of  the  Bill — AAer  some  Discussicn  it  it 


CONTENTS.  T 

witlidrawit — Tftriom  AmeDdments  on  tlie  Bill,  moved  bj  Sir  B.  H.  Inglu 
Mid  other  Momben,  are  rejected — On  the  Motion  for  the  Third  B«ading, 
Six  F.  Thedger  mores  thkt  it  be  read  a  Third  Time  that  dav  Six  Montha 
— After  Speeche*  &om  Lard  John  Russell,  and  other  Members,  the 
Amendment  is  rejected  and  the  Bill  passed — In  the  Rouse  of  Lords  the 
Second  KeadinK  19  moved  bj  the  Harquia  of  lADBdowne  on  the  25th  Maj 
— ^The  Earl  of  Ellenborongh  movea  the  Bejection  of  the  Bill— The  Duke 
of  Cambridge  followa  on  the  same  side — It  is  supported  br  the  thike  of 
Axgjle,  the  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  Lord  Brougham,  and  the  Earl  of  Elie»- 
roere;  opposed  b;  Lord  Stanlcj,  the  Earl  of  Winchilsea,  and  the  Bishop 
of  Oxford — On  a  Dirision,  the  Amendment  is  carried  against  the  Bill  bj 
k  majorit;  of  35 [64 

CHAPTER  rV. 

A&in  of  Ireland — IMsaffected  and  critical  state  of  that  County  during  the 
Spring  of  184S — Progress  of  Insorrection — Movements  of  Mr.  £nith 
0  Brien  and  his  confederates — Ignominious  Failure  of  the  projected  Out- 
break— Policv  of  the  QoTcrament  and  state  of  Public  Opimon  in  (his 
Country  on  the  Su^ect — Adoption  of  Coercive  Measures — Announcement 
of  a  Bill  for  the  ouipension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act — ^Debate  in  the 
House  of  Lords  upon  a  Motion  made  bj  the  Earl  of  Glengall — Decisive 
I>eclaTation  of  the  Afarquia  of  Lansdowne  on  behalf  of  the  Qovemment — 
Bem&rks  of  Lord  Brougham,  Lord  Stanle;,  and  other  Peers — Unanimous 
feeling  of  the  House — Lord  John  Russell,  on  the  24th  Julj,  moves  for 
Leave  to  bring  in  a  Bill  vesting  ex traordinarj  powers  in  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant — His  Speech  on  the  state  of  Ireland  and  the  features  of  the  Crisis 
— He  is  warmlj  supported  by  Sir  Robert  Peel — Mr.  Disraeli,  Mr.  Hume, 
Mr.  B.  Osborne,  Sir  D.  Norreys,  Sir  Lucius  O'Brien,  and  many  other  Eng- 
lish and  Irish  Members,  apeak  in  favour  of  the  Bill — Mr.  Feargus  O'Con- 
nor delivers  a  vehement  Repeal  Speech  againstit — Mr.  8.  Crawford  moves 
an  Amendment  which  is  loet  on  a  Division,  only  Eight  Members  voting 
for  it — The  Bill  is  passed  through  all  its  St^es  on  the  same  Day,  and  is 
■ent  up  to  the  House  of  Lords — The  Marquis  of  Lansdowne,  on  the  26th, 
introduces  the  Bill,  with  a  Speech  similar  m  effect  to  that  of  Lord  J.  Bus- 
sell — Lord  Brougham,  the  Earl  of  Wicklow,  the  Earl  of  Olengall,  and 
other  Peers  support  the  Bill,  which  is  then  carried  through  all  its  Stages 
'  without  any  Opposition — Debate  in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  Con- 
dition of  Irehind,  originating  in  a  Resolution  proposed  bv  Mr.  Shannan 
Crawford  for  the  Bei&ess  of  Grievances — His  Speech — Answer  of  Lord 
John  Russell — Speeches  of  Mr.  H.  Herbert,  Mr.  Pagan,  Mr.  Monsell,  and 
Mr.  Osborne — The  Debate  is  adjourned — Declarations  of  Bir  George  Grey, 
Sir  William  Somerville,  and  Lord  John  Rusaell  respecting  the  Irish  Church 
— After  further  Debate,  the  Resolution  moved  by  Mr.  S.  Crawford  is 
negatived  by  100  to  84 — -Bill  for  facilitating  the  Tnnsfer  of  Encumbered 


1,  Lord  Stanley,  Lord  Campbell,  and 

Lord  Monteagle— The  Bill  is  read  a  Second  Time— It  is  much  debated  in 
the  House  of  Commons — Sir  Lucius  O'Brien,  Mr.  Napier,  Hr.  Henley,  and 
other  Members  oppose  the  Bill — The  Solicitor-General,  Mr.  B.  Osborne, 
Sir  J.  Oisham,  Mr  Monsell,  Mr.  Sadleir,  and  Mr.  F.  Wood,  support  it — 
Ad  Amemlnient  moved  by  Mr.  Napier  is  defeated  by  197  to  52 — The 
Amendment*  made  in  the  House  of  Commons  are  opposed  in  the  House  of 
Lord*  by  Ijoid  SUnley  and  Lord  Monteagle,  but  adopted  on  a  Division  by 
27  to  10,  wd  the  Bill  is  passed^ [&4 


CONTENTS. 


VoMESTIO  AF»iiM.— Eitnwrdinftry  TpBnquillity  of  this  Countrj  duriiiE  the 

Continental  ReTolutions — AttemptB  made  bj  the  Cbftrtuts  to  disturb  the 
Peace — Demonstration  of  the  10th  of  April,  and  ita  harmless  Result — Ex- 
cellent Moral  Effect  produced  thereby— Disorderly  Asacmbliee  and  sedi- 
tious Speeches  in  the  Metropolis  and  other  Flacea — Measures  adopted  by 
the  QoTemment — The  Great  Chartist  Petition  to  Parliament,  and  Pro- 
ceedings respecting  it — Report  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Petitions  ei- 
jxmog  the  Mierepresetitatioiig  as  to  the  Signatures — Peraanal  IHspute  in 
the  House  between  Mr.  Cripps  and  Mr.  Feargua  O'Connor— Interferonc« 
of  the  Speaker  and  Explanations  of  the  Parties. — Cbowh  ahi>  Qovkbh- 
itBifT  BscnaiTT  Bill  introduced  by  the  Home  Secretary — Objects  of  the 
MeMure — Speech  of  Sir  George  Grey— Observations  of  Mr.  J.  O'Connell, 
Mr.  F.  O'Connor,  and  other  Members — The  Bill  is  brought  in — Lord  John 
Russell  moTCS  the  Second  Beading  on  the  10th  of  April— Mr.  Smith 
O'Brien  appears  in  Parliament  for  the  last  Time,  and  speaks  against  the 
Bill — Sir  George  Grey  ansners  him  in  an  animated  Speech — Speeches  of 
Mr.  Thompson,  Sir  R.  Inglia,  and  other  Members — The  Second  Reading  is 
carried  by  4fi2  to  35 — The  Clause  making  "  Open  and  Advised  Speaking" 
of  Treasonable  Matter  felonious  is  much  objected  to  in  Committee — Mr. 
S.  Martin,  Mr.  Horsman,  Mr.  Hume,  Mr.  Osborne,  and  other  Members 
strongly  opposed  to  it — Speech  of  Sir.  R.  Peel  with  reference  to  events  in 
France — The  Bill  passes  tne  Third  Reading  by  a  great  Majority — Debate 
upon  the  Second  Reading  in  the  House  of  Lords— speeches  of  Lord  Stan- 
ley, Lord  Brougham,  Lord  Campbell,  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  Lord  Pen- 
man, and  other  Peers. — Aliens  Hehotal  Bill  introduced  by  the  Marquis 
of  Lansdowne— Eiplanationa  and  Debate  on  the  Second  Reading— In  the 
House  of  Commons  the  Bill  is  opposed  by  Sir  W.  Molesworth — Remarks 
of  Lord  Dudley  Stuart,  the  Attomey-General,  Mr.  Urquhart,  Dr.  Bowring, 
and  other  Members — The  Second  Reading  is  carried  by  a  Majority  of  119. 
ExTEKBioH  OF  THE  Electith  Fbahcbise — Popular  Movement  on  this 
Subject  and  Exertions  of  Mr.  Hume — A  Reaolution  in  favour  of  fiirtber 
Reform  in  Parliament  is  proposed  by  that  Gentleman  on  the  Slst  of  June 
— His  Speech  on  that  occasion — He  is  answered  by  Lord  John  Russell, 
who  opposes  the  Motion — Speeches  of  Mr.  H.  Drummond,  Mr.  Fox,  and 
Mr.  Duiaeli — The  Debate  is  adjourned  and  resumed  on  the  6th  of  July — 
Speeches  of  Mr.  B.  Osborne,  Mr.  Serjeant  Talfourd,  Mr.  Cobdeo,  Mr.  F. 
O^Connor,  Mr.  Milnea,  Mr.  Sidney  Herbert,  Mr.  Muntz,  and  Mr.  C.  Til- 
liers— On  a  Division,  Mr.  Hume's  Motion  is  rqected  by  3G1  to  84       [123 

CHAPTER  VI. 

FoKHQir  ArvAiBS. — Diplomatic  Relations  with  Rome — Negotiations  opened 
at  Rome  by  the  Ewl  of  Minto  for  this  object — Bill  brought  in  by  the 
Marquis  of  Lansdowne  to  legaliae  such  relations — Debate  on  the  Second 
"     *"         "'  ■     *■  ■■•(..-.        -  -  ■'■■"■'  op  of 

t  the 

Committee — The  Second  Reading  is  moved  by  Lord  Paltnerston,  . 

"      le  of  Commons,  on  the  17th  of  August — Mr.  C.Anstey,  Mr.  Urquhart, 


Sir  Robert  Inglia,  Mr.  Law,  Mr.  K  Palmer,  >tr.  Napier,  and  Mr.  Newde- 
gate  oppose  the  Second  Reading,  which  is  supported  by  Lord  John  Rus- 
sell, Mr.  W.  B.  Qladsbme,  Mr.  M.  J.  O'CoDoell,  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  Mr. 


CONTENTS.  vii 

Hoon^  tni  Mux  Hanbo^— The  BUI  ia  retd  «  Swond  Tim^  a  m^orilj  of 
78  Toting  iu  ita  &Tonr — Further  oppoution  in  Committee,  Mid  on  the 
Thirf  Be*diiiK — The  Bill  i»  pissed.  Aptaibb  oi  IiiLi  abb  Sioilt  ^— 
Lord  Stoalej  l>riiiKS  fonnrd  s  Motion  in  the  House  of  Lords  ntpecting 
the  iiitenrention  of  the  British  QoTenuneut  in  the  Sicilian  Insuirection — 


The  Harqais  of  Ijuisdowne  aaswerB  the  Charge  on  the  part  of  the  Qovem- 
meBt — ObMrratioiu  of  the  Earl  of  Miulo,  the  Duke  of  Aivyle,  Eul  of 
Malmeabuij,  and  other  Feen — Proceedings  on  the  same  Bubject  in  the 
Hooae  of  CommoDB — Declaiation  of  Lord  Palmenton  reBpecUog  the  Id- 
terrenUoa  of  England — Mr.  Piiraeli,  on  the  leth  Augast  enters  into  a 
full  review  of  the  whole  field  of  Italian  Politica  and  British  Interrention 
— Remarlu  upon  Lord  Minto's  Miedon  and  the  real  objects  of  Lord  VaX' 
menton's  Mediations — Lord  Falmerston  Tiudicates  his  own  conduct  and 
poUcj  at  great  length.  AtrAiaa  or  Sfaik  : — Abrupt  Dismissal  of  Sir  E 
Bulwer,  the  British  AmbsMador>~Circumstaiices  which  led  to  this  trva 


iseTMkt 
— The  nibject  is  brougbt  before  tbe  Mouse  of  Ijords  by  liord  Stanley — 
Hia  Speecn — Answer  of  the  Uarquia  of  Lansdowne — Bemarks  of  Lord 
Brongiuun,  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  and  other  Feen — Mr.  Banlces  brinci 
the  matter  before  the  House  of  Oommoni  bj  a  Kesolution  ditapproTinf 


the  matter  before  the  House  ot  Uommoni  bj  a  Itesolution  ditapproTinK  of 
the  Policj  of  our  Oovemment — Speeches  of  Mr.  Sfaiel,  Lord  Mahon,  Mr. 
Disraeli,  Lord  John  Russell,  Sir  R.  Peel,  and  Lord  Falmerston— The 
Uotion  is  ultimatelj  withdrawn — Close  of  the  Session : — Mr.  Disiaeli, 
on  the  30th  August  rsTiewa  the  events  of  the  expiring  Session  in  an 
animated  and  humorous  Speech,  satiming  the  Jailures  and  disap- 
pointments  of  the  Government — Lord  John  Russell  parries  the  attack 
with  much  deiteritj — Remarks  of  Mr.  B.  Osborne  and  Mr.  Hume — Pro- 
Tontion  of  Parliament  bj  the  Queen  in  person,  on  the  Qth  of  September 
—Address  of  the  Speaker  to  the  Throne—Her  Majestr's  Speech — Close  of 
theSeuion [IfiO 


CHAPTER  VIL 

y^ixcx. — PosiUon  of  the  Quitot  Ministrr — State  of  Parties  In  France— Un- 
popularitj  of  the  Kins— Death  of  Madame  Adelaide,  the  Kind's  Sister — 
Suirendei  of  Abd-el-Kader  in  Algeria — Violation  of  the  Promise  made  to 
him — His  Letter  at  the  end  of  tiie  Tear  to  Prince  Louis  Napoleon — Ex- 
planation by  M.  Guizot  as  to  Foreign  Polity  of  his  OoTemment— Able 
Speed)  on  the  Necessity  of  Reform,  by  M.  Mesnard,  in  the  Chamber  of 


Electoral  Law — Discussion  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  respecting  the  Sale 
of  Offices  bj  the  QoTcinment — Speeches  of  MM.  OdiUon  Barrot  and  Qui- 
sot — Victory  of  Ministers  in  the  Chamber— Discussion  on  the  Sepaiate 
FsragraphB  of  the  Address — Speeches  on  Finance  bv  MM.  Dumon  and 
Thiers— Speech  of  M.  Thiers  on  the  Affairs  of  Ital^— Bepl;r  bj  M.  Quicot 
— Speechea  of  MM.  Thiers  and  Quiiot  on  the  Affairs  of  Switzerland — De- 
claration of  M.  Duchatel  condemning  the  Refonn  Banquets — ni>roar  in 
the  Chamber— Debate  on  A&irs  of  Poland— Statement  by  M.  Guizot  re- 
nwcting  DMtination  of  Abd-el-Eader — Renewed  Discussion  on  Reform 
Deroonstiations,  and  Scene  of  Confusion  in  the  Chamber — Tbe  (>ppoaition 
refuse  to  vote— Majority  for  Miubters— Debate  on  Electoral  Beforni — 
Speeches  of  MM.  Quiiot,  Thiers,  and  others — The  Address  voted  in  tbe 
Chamber  of  Deputies-^State  of  Public  Feeling  at  this  time  [194 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  Vm. 


Meeting  of  the  Opporition  Member* — Announcement  of  a  Refonn  Bnnqnet 
at  Parii — The  National  Quardg  called  upon  to  appear  in  Unifonn — Pro- 
hibition of  the  Banquet  hj  MinisterB — It  is  {pven  up  bj  th«  Opposition — 
Address  bj  Oenerai  Jacqueminot  to  the  National  Ghiards — Act  of  Im- 
peachment of  Ministers— Disturbed  state  of  Paris— Resignation  of  H. 
Ouizot  and  his  Colleagues — Cotlisioni  between  the  Populace  and  the  Mili- 
tary— Jot  of  the  Mob  at  the  Downfall  of  the  Mtuistij — Lamentable  inci- 
dent at  tne  Hotel  of  the  Minister  des  Affaires  Etrongtees — Cruel  Strata- 
gem of  L^range  and  the  Republicans — Its  momentous  Consequences — 
Batricadet  erei^ed  on  the  Momingof  the  24th  of  Februai^ — Count  M0I6 
is  unable  to  form  a  Ministry — H.  Thiers  sent  for  by  the  King — Proclama' 
tion  hjM.  Thiers  and  M.  Odillon  Barrot— The  Mob  threatens  the  Tuila- 
rie»~'The  National  Guards  and  Troops  of  the  Line  offer  no  lUeistaiice — 
Abdication  of  Louis  Philippe — Terrible  Scene  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
— The  Duchess  of  Orleans  and  the  joung  Princes  enter  the  Chamber — 
Irruption  of  the  Mob — Demand  of  a  ProTisional  Qovemment  bj  M.  Marie 
—Speech  of  H.  Odillon  Barrot — Speeches  of  M.  Iiedru  RoUin  and  M.  de 
Lamartine — The  Mob  masters  of  the  Chamber — Nomination  of  a  ProTi- 
sional QoTemment — "  To  the  HOtel  de  Tille !  " — Scene  of  tumultuous 
Yiolence  in  the  Chamber — Proclamation  of  the  Rbpublio  at  the  HAtel  de 
Tille — Banguinarr  Contest  at  the  Palais  Rojal — Escape  of  Louis  Philippe 
and  the  KaTal  Family— The  ex-King  and  Queen  arriTe  in  England — 
Farewell  Address  by  the  Due  d'Aumale  to  the  Army  in  Algeria — The 
Tuileries  in  the  Hands  of  the  Mob — Proclamations  of  the  Provisional  Qo- 
Teniment— Distribution  of  OIBces — All  Vestiges  of  Monarchy  swept  away 
— Abolition  of  Titles  of  Nobility — Respect  shown  for  Private  Property  in 
Paris — Devastations  in  the  Provinces— Appointment  of  Barbie  as  Colonel 
in  the  National  Guard — The  Populace  and  the  Ciei^ — Clamours  for  the 
"  Red  Bepublic  "  at  the  netel  de  Ville— Courageous  Finnnesa  of  M.  de 
Lamartine — Official  Proclamatioa  of  the  Republic — Was  France  repub- 
lican at  Heart ! — Decree  convolciDg  a  Constituent  National  Assembly— 
U.  de  lAmartiDe  and  the  Foreign  Policy  of  the  New  QoTemment — -His 
Manifesto  to  Europe — Alarming  Circulars  issued  hy  H.  Ledru  Bollin  and 
M.  Caraot — Their  Doctrines  disclaimed  by  the  Provision^  Oovemment — 
Quanel  between  the  National  Guard  and  the  Oovemment — The  former 
Doliged  to  give  way^Appointment  of  a  Committee  of  labour  for  the  Ope- 
ratives— National  Workshops  (Ateliers)  established— Hostility  to  English 
Workmen — Regulations  for  Payment  of  Taxes — Financial  Position  of 
the  Republic— Suspension  of  Cash  Payments  by  the  Bank  of  France,  and 
by  Banks  in  the  Provinces — Louis  Blanc's  Plan  for  the  Oreaniaation  of 
Labour — The  Communbts  or  Socialists — Disturbance  created  by  them  on 
the  16th  of  April— Election  of  Deputies  for  the  National  Assembly— Riots 
in  various  Places — Views  of  the  eztteme  Democrats    .       .        .        [2SS 

CHAPTER  IX. 

Meeting  of  the  National  Assembly  on  the  4th  of  May — Address  by  K.  Du- 
pont  (de  I'Eure) — Oath  of  Allegiance  abolished— Proclamation  of  the  Re- 
public in  presence  of  the  People — Election  of  Officers  of  the  Assembly — 
Policy  of  Provisional  Oovemment  detailed  in  Speech  of  M.  de  Lamar- 
tine—Election  of  Members  of  Executive  Committee — Nomination  of  Mi- 
nisters— Formation  of  Clubs  in  Paris — The  Assemblr  invaded  by  the  Mob 
— ^cen«  of  Confusion  in  tiie  Chamber— H.  Hubert  declares  that  the  Na- 


CONTENTS.  ta 

tioDftl  AaaeuAlj  i§  disMlted — SoppitMioa  of  the  Inmiectioii — Conduct  of 
Ooieni  Oonrtkia  and  H.  Lovtia  Bl»nc — Defence  nude  b;  M.  Csunidike  of 
liu  Conduct — Addrem  bv  Executive  Committee— Appointment  of  Cinn- 
nittee  to  dnw  up  Plan  of  Cooatitutiou— Diitiurimnces  at  Lyon*— Decree  of 
FeipetuAl  BMuabment  pronounced  ageinat  the  ez-BoTal  Family — Impeacb- 
meut  of  H.  Lonii  Blanc — Election  of  Prince  Louia  napoleon  Buona^iarte 
at  Deput; — DiscuMion  on  thii  miltject  in  the  Assembler — ^The  Prince  de- 
clines to  take  Ma  Seat — Proof  of  ConeemtiTa  Feeling  in  the  Awembtj— 
Attack  on  the  Hinistij  in  the  Ammblj— Speech  of  Genenl  CKWgua^— 
Defence  of  the  Execntire  Committee  bj  H.  de  I«martine— Debate  leapect- 
ing  Prince  Louie  Napdeon — PUn  of  the  Gonstitutioii — ^The  National  Ate- 
lioa — Bod  J  of  PioTindal  Workmen  ordered  to  i^uit  Peria — Commencement 
of  Dutuib*ncet — The  CfinireU  beaten — Bamcadea  and  Inauirection — 
Deapetate  Combat  in  the  Streett  of  Paiia — Beaigmtion  of  the  Bzecutife 
Cbmmittee — Oenerat  OaTugnac  inveated  with  aupreme  Authority — Snc- 
ceaaea  of  the  Military — Deatructire  uae  of  Artillery — Death  of  the  Arcb- 
toahop  of  Pari* — Termination  of  the  Btruggle— ^neral  Cavaignac  ap- 
pointed Preddent  of  the  Council — Hia  Cabinet — Report  of  Committee  on 
the  Inaurrection — Leave  given  to  the  Attomej-Oeneral  to  prosecute  MH, 
Lediu  ELoltin  and  Cauaudiire — General  Cavaignac  and  the  National  Work- 
ahopa — Project  of  the  Conatitution — Speech  of  M.  Thien  on  the  Second 
Article  relating  to  Property  and  Labour — Louis  Napoleon  takea  hia  Seat 
aa  Deputy  for  the  DepartmoDt  of  the  Moaelle — Hit  firat  Speech — Import- 
ant D«bate  on  the  Twentieth  Article,  confining  the  Legialative  Power  to 
one  AeaemblT — Speechea  of  HM.  Lamartine,  Odillon  BiuTot,and  Dupin — 
Majority  in  Avour  of  a  Single  Chamber-r-DiicuMion  on  various  Articlea 
of  the  Conatitntiou — The  Election  of  the  Preaident  aubmitted  to  the  Totes 
of  the  People— Republieaniflm  on  the  wane— Pinal  Adoption  and  Pro- 
clamation of  the  Constitution — Charges  brought  ^eainat  Oeneral  Cavaignac 
by  M.Barthelemy  St.  Hilare — Hia  triumphant  De^nce — Blectiou  of  Prince 
Louis  Napoleon  as  President  of  the  Republic — His  Address  to  the  Aaaem- 
My — Formation  of  a  Cabinet — Reflectioua  on  the  Rise  and  Fall  of  popular 
Favoniitea  in  France [S64 

CHAPTER  X. 

SrAnr.— Reoonitmction  of  the  Bpaniah  hfinistay — Announcement  of  the 
Queen  Mother's  Marriage  with  Hunoz  in  1633 — Impeachment  of  S.  Sala- 
manca in  the  Congress — Hia  Defence — Eagtrtero  arriyeB  at  Madrid — 
Quarrel  between  Lord  Palmerston  and  the  sputish  Minis^ — Dismissal 
^  Sir  H.  L.  Bulwer  from  Madrid — Military  Disturbance  iu  the  Capital 
— Cailiat  Inaurrection,  headed  by  Cabrera. 

PoKTUOAL. — Formation  of  a  New  Ministry  under  the  Dnc  de  Saldanlia — The 
Qneen's  Speech  on  the  Opening  of  the  Cortee — Modification  of  the  Cabinet 
-—Closing  of  the  Session  of  the  Cortea. 

Sabuihu. — New  Constitution  promulgated  to  hia  Subjects  by  the  King, 
Charlea  Albert. 

IiALT. — War  in  Lombardy. — Diaturbaneea  at  Milan  in  beginni^of  Januaiy 
— Address  of  Manhal  Badetzky  to  the  Austrian  Troops — ^^cta  of  the 
Fiencb  Bevolution  in  Italy — Commencement  of  the  S^^le  at  Milan- 
Combat  between  the  Populace  and  the  Austrian  Ghuriton — Milan  aban- 
doned by  Marahal  Radotiky — Proclamation  by  Proviaional  Qovemment — 
The  King  of  Sardinia  leads  the  Piedmonteae  Troopa  into  Lombardy — 
Bevolution  at  Venice — Strength  of  the  Piedmonteae  Force— Redetiky 
retires  upon  Terona — Auatriau  Lines  forced  along  the  Miucio — Supine- 
ncM  Ot  tbe  Papal  Troops  under  General  Duraudo— Junction  effected  by 
Oeneral  Hugent  with  Marshal  Badetzky— Severe  Engagement  between 


X  CONTENTS. 

tlk«  Amtmns  and  Italians  before  Terona—Chaika  Albert  ben(^:ea 
PeMluera — lu  ultimate  Capture — Partial  SucceBMR  of  the  FiedmonteM 
AmiT — Ticenza  lunendeTB  to  Rodetiky — Padua  and  Palma  Nuot»  taken 
bj  the  Augtri&M— Mantua  invested  bj  tie  King  of  Sardinia— The  Pied- 
montese  Lines  forced  by  Oeneral  Aapre — Tarioui  Conteila  between  the 
two  Armiea — Victory  of  the  Austrians  at  Somma  Campa|nia— Chailsa 
Albert  retreats  towards  Milan — Punuit  b;  the  AustiianB--MilaB  aban- 
doned by  tlie  R^r^inian  Aisiy — Capitulation  of  Milan — Anniftice  agmed 
upon [309 

CHAPTER  XI. 

ItjUT,  continued. — Papal  SiATxa. — New  Organization  of  the  Executive  at 
BMne— The  Pope  promiMi  a  new  Constitution  to  hie  Bubjecta — Hia  nn- 
willingDeee  to  engage  in  the  War  a^ainit  Austria — New  Ministn  at 
Bome — Progiamme  of  its  intended  Pofic; — Auauination  of  Count  KohIi 
at  Borne— State  of  the  Ca^tal  at  this  Juncture — FormatiMk  of  a  Radical 
Miuittiy — Flight  of  the  Fope  £ram  Borne— He  takes  Refuge  in  the 
Neapolitan  Territorv. 

STAPLES  asdSicili. — Outbreak  of  Inguixoction  at  Paietmo — Conflict  between 
the  Populace  and  the  Military — New  Ministry  appointed  at  Naples — The 
King  promises  a  ConstitutioD — Bnthusiasm  of  the  People — Insurrection 
at  Messina — Di»turbancea  at  Naples — Saniruinarj  Conflict  in  the  Streets 
— The  King  victorious — Downfall  of  the  Bourbon  Dynasty — Decrees  by 
the  SiciliKD  Chamber  at  Falenno — The  Sicilian  Throne  offered  to  the 
Duke  of  Oeno^  and  declined  by  him— Kxpedition  sent  from  Naples 
uaiust  the  Sicilians — Bombaidmeut  and  Capture  of  MeBsin»— Energetic 
Measures  of  the  Revolutionary  Qovenunent  at  Palermo. 

Dbnhars  akd  Sobleswio-Holstein. — Death  of  Christian  Till.,  King  of 
Denmark,  and  Succession  of  Frederick  Til. — Plan  of  new  Constitutim) 
promulgated — Narrative  of  Events  leading  to  a  Quarrel  between  the 
Crown  of  Denmark  and  the  two  Duchies  of  Schleswig  and  Holstoii^— 
Deputation  sent  from  .the  Itleetipg  of,  the  States  at  Reudsbur^  to  Copen- 
hagen— The  King's  Reply — Explosion  of  the  Revolution  at  Kiel — Strong 
Feeling  in  Demnaric  against  the  Separation  of  the  Duchies — Proclama- 
tions by  the  King — The  Prussian  IVoops  oross  the  Holstein  Frontier — 
Conduct  of  the  German  Assembly  at  Fninkfort— Protest  of  the  Danish 
Ambassador — The  Danish  Forces  attacked  by  the  Prussians — Schleswig 
and  Flensbourg  taken  by  the  latter — Glenerat  Von  Wrangel  invades  Jut- 
land— The  Danish  Army  retires  to  Funen  and  Alsen — Interference  of 
Sweden  in  the  Struggle — The  Prussian  Troops  withdrawn  from  Jutland 
—Blockade  of  the  German  Baltic  Ports  b^  the  Danish  Fleet— Note 
addressed  by  the  Danish  Government  to  Foreign  Ministers — Termination 
of  Hostilities  by  Armistice  concluded  at  MalmS — Provisions  of  the  Ai- 
misrice — Speech  of  the  King  of  Denmark  at  the  opening  of  the  Diet. 

Nethb&IiAHds. — Appointment  of  Committee  to  revise  Constitution. 

Bbloidn. — Abortive  Attempt  of  French  Democrats  to  excite  a  Revolution 
— Speech  of  the  King  on  opening  of  Sesuon  of  the  Chambers.  .       [328 

CHAPTER  XII. 

GxKif  AHT. — Reflections  on  the  Political  Slate  of  Qermony — Popular  Demands 
in  the  Soutb-Westem  SUtes— Riots  at  Cologne  and  Wiesbaden.  Hesse 
Cabsbl. — Commencement  of  Insurrection,  and  Concessions  by  the  Elector. 
Bavaria. — Ignoble  conduct  of  tbe  King — Riots  occasioned  b^  the  pre- 
sence of  Lola  Montes — She  is  ordered  to  quit  Munich — Abdication  of 
Louis  in  favour  of  his  Son— The  Chambers  opened  by  Maximilian  11.^ 


CONTENTS.  li 

Hii  Bpttech  on  the  occuioii.  Saxoht^— Popnlu  Tamoltf  at  Dresden — 
C3uag«  of  Hiautfj—Pnignuiiinfl  of  Policy  of  now  C&binei  Havotzb. 
— R^pl^  of  the  King  to  Petition  of  the  Mariatntea — Royal  PmelAiiUktion 
' — Meeting  of  Genenl  AmboMj,  ftod  Speech  of  the  King. 

Bennnciktion  of  Seignoiul  Bighta  bj  Fnnce  Ton  Leineugen — Meeting  at 
Hddalbeig  on  the  0th  of  Mkt — Tor-Ptu-Iament  conTok^l — Second  great 
Meeting  at  Heidelberg  on  the  2eth  of  March— Speech  of  Welckei— 
Meeting  of  the  Toi^ParUinent  at  Frankfort — Election  of  FrendenU- 
Omunittee  of  Rftv  appointed — Bandi  of  Imu^ent  Democtatf  defeated 
W  the  Troops  of  the  Diet— Meeting  of  the  Oer^n  National  ABcembI;  at 
nankf<«t— ^>iscnssion  on  the  question  of  a  Central  ExecutiTe  Power — 
I»w  puaed  on  the  mibject — The  Archduke  John  of  Austria  elected 
B^ent  of  the  Empire — Recognition  of  this  choice  by  the  old  Diet- 
Address  to  the  Archduke — His  Reply  to  the  Deputation — Report  of  Com- 
mittee on  Plan  of  a  Conrtitntion— Inatallation  of  the  R^ent  at  Frankfort 
— Appointment  of  a  Ministrr — Abolition  of  C&pit^  Punishmenta — ■ 
Question  of  the  Armistice  of  MtdmS — Tiolent  conduct  of  the  Radical  Parn 
in  the  Awembly,  and  of  the  Populace — Tumultuous  Scene* — The  Mili- 
tary act  against  the  Mob—Combat  in  the  Streets — Defeat  of  the  Insur- 
gent*— Uurden  of  Prince  Lichnowsky  and  Major  Anergwald — PrDclama- 
tion  by  the  Regent — The  question  of  Austria  and  the  German  Parliament. 

Kussu. — Policy  of  Russia. — Manifesto  of  the  Emperor — Circular  of  the 
Russian  GoTemment  addressed  to  its  Diplomatic  Agents  in  Oennany.  [3M 

CHAPTEE  Xni. 

Pbdssia. — Speech  of  the  Eing  in  closing  the  Session  of  the  TTnited  Die^— 
Great  Befonn  Meeting  at  Berlin — R^arkahle  Manifesto  of  the  King — 
Censorship  of  the  Press  abolished — Unfortunate  Collision  between  the 
Militaij  and  the  Populace  at  Berlin — Decree  authoridng  a  National 
Qnaid — Address  of  the  Minister,  Count  Schweru,  to  the  Students — 
Idberation  of  the  captive  Poles — Frederick  William's  Address  to  the 
Students — Boyal  Proclamations — Deputation  of  Poles  from  Breslau — 
Rapid  Changes  of  Ministry  at  Berlin— Opening  of  Second  Session  of  the 
Prussian  Diet — Royal  Speech — Programme  of  the  Electoral  I«w — Ad- 
dress of  the  Diet — Mini st^ial  Explanation — Resignation  of  Count  Amim — 
Basis  of  new  Prussian  Constitution — Question  of  direct  or  indirtet  Elec- 
tion for  the  National  Assembly  at  Frankfort — Oeneial  Election — Meeting 
of  the  Prussian  National  AssemblT— Speech  from  the  Throne — Outline  of 
the  Constitution — Tumult  at  Berhn,  and  Attack  on  the  Arsenal — Besigna- 
tion  of  the  Ministry — The  Auerswald  Cabinet — The  Army  and  Political 
Questions — Change  of  Ministry— General  Ton  Pfuel  forms  a  new  Cabinet 
->— Proclamation  to  the  Army — General  Ton  Wrangel's  Address  to  the 
Troops — Invasion  of  the  Assembly  by  the  Mob — Count  Ton  Brandenburg 
made  President  of  the  Council— Sitting  of  Assembly  transferred  to 
"  ''  inbn^ — Tumult  in  the  Assembly— Interference  of  the  Military — 
_  ar  Quard  disbanded — Berlin  declared  in  a  state  of  Siege — Disarming 
e  Burgher  Guard— Obstinate  Conduct  of  the  Assembly — It  denies  to 
the  Brandenburg  Ministry  authority  to  le^  Taxes — The  GoTemment  suc- 
cessful in  the  struggle — Address  by  the  Archduke  John  to  the  German 
People — Meeting  of  the  Assembly  at  Brandenburg — It  is  dissolved  by  a 
Boyal  Edict. 

Oman  Dbcbt  or  Pofliii. — Outbreak  of  Polish  Insurrection  in  Posen — 
Horrible  Atrocities  committed  by  the  Insurgents — Defeat  and  surrender 
of  Mieroslawski — Termination  of  the  Rebellion — BeeoluUon  of  the  Frank- 
fort Assembly  as  to  the  Partition  Line  dnwn  in  Posen — German  view  of 
the  Polish  Question.  [375 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


Annui. — PopoUtion  of  Aiutruui  Empire — TUriew  of  Eventt  in  Hung&ij 
— Frinee  Mettemicb  proposes  DisBolution  of  Hungariui  Chajnber — Open- 

ag  of  8«uioii  of  Diet  far  Lower  Auttria — The  Chunber  iuTulod  l^  the 
ob— Conflict  with  the  Military — ProcUmatiou  b;  the  Emperor — Flight 
of  MetterDich  from  TieDba — Conduct  of  the  Bathyuij-KosButh  Miniiti; 
in  HimgKn — Baron  Von  Jollachicli  appointed  bj  the  Emperor  Ban  of 
CkoMia— New  Minisby  %t  Vienna — Declaratiou  of  Amnesty— Outline  of 
New  Constitution — Promulgation  of  the  Can«titution — (Siaugei  in  the 
Minittry  at  Vienna — New  Electoral  Law— The  Emperor  abandona  the 
Cb^itol  for  Innipnick — Proclamation  to  the  Austrian  People— Quarrel  of 
Roeei  in  Bohinnia— The  Chwclu  and  the  Germans — Qreat  PanMslaronic 

kblisbed  there 
/  Jellachich — Outbreak  of  Insurrection  at 
Plague— The  Princess  Windiachgr&tz  killed  by  a  Bifle  Shot— Bombard- 
ment of  Prague — The  Bebellion  crushed — Jellachich  stripped  of  his 
Office  by  the  Emperor — Reconciliation  effected  at  InDspruck — Failure  of 
attempted  Adjustment  of  the  Quarrel  between  the  Hungarians  and 
Croats — Hanitesto  of  the  Bon — Opening  of  Session  of  the  HunKarian 
Diet — Speech  of  Kossuth  in  the  Diet,  on  the  Question  of  Magyar  Kation- 
olit; — Address  of  the  Hungarian  Chamber — Constituent  Assembly  of 
Austria  opened  at  Vienna — Speech  of  the  Archduke  John-— Return  of  the 
Emperor  to  Vienna — His  enthusiastic  Reception — Contest  in  Hungary 
between  the  Magyars  and  the  Croats — Deputation  from  Pesth  to  the 
Emperor — Threatening  Advance  of  Jellachich — Hb  Proclamation — The 
National  Assembly  at  Vienna  refuses  to  receive  Second  Hungarian  Depu- 
tation— Murder  of  Count  Lambei^,  at  Pesth — The  Ban  of  Croatia  ap- 
pointed by  the  Emperor  Commander-in-Chief  and  Commissary  Plenipoten- 
tiary in  Hungary — Bovolt  at  Vienna — Flight  of  the  Emperor — Jellachich 
marches  upon  the  Capital — Bis  Reply  to  the  Messages  of  the  Diet 
— Approocb  of  the  Hungarian  Troops^— Situation  of  Vienna  at  this  Crisis 
' — lYmceWindischgr&ti  takes  the  Command  of  the  besieging  Army — ■ 
Prague  declares  for  the  Emperor — Storming  of  the  Suburbs  of  Vienna — 
Surrender  of  the  City — Execution  of  Blum  and  Messenhauser — Protest 
of  the  National  Aaumbiy  at  Frankfort — The  Austrian  Army  marches 

rinst  the  Hungarian»--Change  in  the  Viennese  Cabinet — Meeting  of 
Diet  at  Kremsir — Abdication  of  the  Imjierial  Throne  by  the  Emperoi 
— Proclamation  by  the  New  Emperor,  Francis  Charles — Reflections  on  the 
Position  of  Austria.  [4U1 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Imdia.— ^The  Sikhs  in  the  Punjanb — Moolraj  Dewan  of  Mooltan — Murders 

of  Mr.  Vans  Agnew  and  Lieutenant  Anderson — BraTe   and    spirited 

Conduct  of  Lieutenant  Edwordes  and  Colonel  Cortlandt — Engagement 

with  the  Rebels,  and  Defeat  of  the  latter — Obstinate  Conflict  at  Noonanee 


before  Mooltan — Disturbances  in  the  Hazareh  Country— Major  and  Mrs, 
Idwrence  taken  Prisoners — Assault  on  Mooltan  on  the  12th  of  September 
— Sortie  from  the  Garrison — Treacherous  Defection  of  Shore  Singh — 
Troops  ordered  to  assemble  at  Ferozepoor  under  command  of  Lord  Oough 
— Shore  Singh  leaves  Mooltan  and  marches  to  the  North-West — He  is 
joined  by  his  Father,  Chuttur  Singh — Position  of  the  British  Forces  at 
Ramnuggur — Disastrous  Attack  on  a  Body  of  Sikh  Cavalry  in  a  "Nullah" 
— Death  of  Oeneral  Curelon — Qeneral  Thackwell  ordered  to  turn  the 
Flank  of  the  Sikhs — Cannonade  between  them  and  the  Detachment  under 


CONTENTS.  xiii 

Qenenl  Ttutckwell — Shore  Singli  ntirea  upon  the  Jheluin— 0«tiend 
AnMilt  upon  Hooltan,  on  S7th  of  D«eember — Esplomon  of  Mi^uiue  in 
the  Fort— Sortie  of  the  Sikhi  repulsed. 

Caraoa- — Opening  of  Seuioii  of  New  P&rliunenb— Speech  of  QoTemor- 
Gener&l — befeat  and  BeBi^mtioD  of  the  Ministn. 

UnTED  Statu. — Trea^  of  Peace  with  Uexico — Meuue  of  the  Prendent 
to  Omgr«M  on  the  mbject — Ditcoverj  of*  Oold  in  (Alifomia — Scene  at 
the  "  Digguwe" — Contest  for  the  Presidencj — Election  of  Qeneral  Tajlor 
—-OpauBg  of  Sesnon  of  Congren — Mewage  of  the  President — It«  Tofuci 
— 1.  Qeneral  Renew.  3.  Treaty  with  Mexico.  3.  Armj  and  Mavy.  4. 
Tenitorial  Acquidtioiu.  6.  Qold  Minea  in  California.  6.  Qneition  of 
Slavery.  7.  Teiritorial  Surrey.  6.  Mexican  Debt.  9.  "American  Syitem." 
10.  Preaidential  Veto. [487 


CHRONICLE. 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 

Page  TRIALS,  LAW  OASBS,  Ati. 

^M  HramBT,  aa  it  stood  at  the  Page 

Opening  of  Parliament  on  the  TheSpecialCommiwion, Ireland: 

18th  of  November,  1647     .    .  173  Prooeedi^Ra  at  Limmck,  En- 

BsBBim  fitr  the  year  1848  .    .  174        nia,  and  Uonmel 331 

BlKTHB 176 

HuaiAon 180  STATE  TIOALa 

I>»A»B» IW  Court  of  Queen'e  Bench,  Dublin 

Pbohotiobb 277  _rr^a    Qu^j,    p,  ^_  gmith 

O'Brien,  for  sedition  ....  364 

PUBUC  DOCUMKHTa  The  aame-The  Quean  p.  T.  P. 

.                                _  Meagher,  for  sedition     .    .    .  373 

PtBAHOi  AoooDHTS  roK  THI  Yi*B  Commisiion  Court,  Dublin— The 

1W8.  Qoeen  e.  John  Mitchell,  for 

L  Public  Income 290        felony 373 

IL  Public  Expenditure    .    ,    .  S9S  The  same—The  Queen  p.  K.  L 

ITT.  DinKsiUon  of  Orante     .    .  293  O'Doherty,  for  felony.    .    .    .  38S 

IT.  Unmnded  Debt 303  The  same— The  Queen  v.  John 

Y.  Public  Funded  Debt  ...  304        Martin,  for  felony 38S 

VL  Trade  and  Navigation    .    ,  306  Spedal  Conuuisdon,  Clomnel— 

Lirt  of  Acta,  Public  and  Private,  TriJof  William  Smith  O'Brien 

paaaed  during  Session  1848    .309  ™^'<«'>'8'' H^*^ ■,■,■-•  V  *^ 

PnWrf  Stec? 334  The  ^e-The  Trnlof  T.  B. 

AveiaM  Price*  of  Com,  Hay,  ^^Manus  fw  high  treason.    .  446 

etiaw,  Clover,  and  Butcher^  ^*    "V"*^^    *^  ^^P*!" 

jiH^f                     32S  Francis    Meagher    for    high 

Tablea  of  "Mortality  [Marriages,  treason 4«1 

Birtha  and  Deatha;  Bankrupts;  Patuhb 47fi 

and  Meteorology 326  p„_-_                                         4jo 

Univewity  Honours-Oxford.    ,327    ^^"""^ *'" 

Cambridge  329    Ihmx 49i 


L.M:sa:,G00gIC 


b,GoogIc 


ANNUAL 
REGISTER. 

184  8. 

VOL.  XC. 


b,GoogIc 


b,GoogIc 


THE 

ANNUAL     REGISTER, 

FOR  THE  YEAR 
1848. 

HISTORY   OF  EUROPE. 

CHAPTER  I. 

Bt-oMMtnUmg  of  Partiament,  after  the  Chrittmat  Reeeu,  on  tht  Sri  of 
Ftbmarif — The  WeA  Indian  Qveition  bfcomet  the  fir»t  tuhjfct  of 
ditamum — Lord  Oeorge  Bentmek  movet  /or  a  Select  Commitiae  of 
Inepmy — Hi*  Speech — Speeches  of  the  CkanctUor  of  the  Exchequer, 
Mr.  Jamet  WiUim,  Mr.  T.  Baring,  Mr.  Bemal,  and  Mr.  DiiraeU 
— The  Motion  it  agreed  to  mthout  a  divition — Loan  of  SOO.OOO^.  to 
tome  of  the  Wett  Indian  Coloniee  propoied  by  the  Chancellor  of 
Ae  Exchequer — Dteeiation  thereon — Unfavourable  Intelligenee  received 
reepectingthe  Condition  of  the  We$t  Indian  Interest — Benudial  Measuret 
— Lord  John  RtauUpropou$  hit  Plan  in  the  Houu  of  Commons  on  Ihi 
16th  of  June — He  reviews  the  past  Legislation  and  existing  Position  of 
the  Question  at  great  length—The  Minisierial  Scheme  is  unfavourably 
received — Sir  John  Pakington  movet  an  Amendment  on  the  1 8th  of 
June,  atterting  tht  Claim  of  tht  Colonies  to  more  effutual  Belief — 
Speeches  of  Sir  E.  Buxton,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Excliequer,  Mr, 
K.  Segmer,  Mr.  Hume,  Lord  George  Bentinck,  Mr.  Hawet,  and 
other  Members — A  warm  personal  Ditcussion  arises  touching  tht 
Adminiitratitm  of  the  Colonial  Office — The  Debate  it  continued  by 
Adjoummenti  at  great  length — Important  Speech  of  Sir  Robert  Peel 
in  favour  of  the  Ministerial  Measure — The  Amendment  is  rejected  by 
S60  to  S45 — Several  other  Amendments  are  moved,  but  unthout 
tueeest,  by  Mr.  Bright,  Mr.  Barkly,  Mr.  Bouverie,  and  other 
Members. — Lord  John  Rasters  Setolutiont  are  finally  agreed  to  and 
embodied  m  a  Bill,  vihidt  pastes  through  the  Home  of  Ommotif — • 

Vol.  XC.  [B] 


2]                ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

Dd>aUi  m  the  Houte  of  Lordt  on  West  Indian  Affairt — 'EaA  Grttf 
introduce*  the  QuMtion  dieeiaud  in  the  Hotue  of  Commons  affecting 
the  Colonial  Office,    and  vindicate!  hit  own   Conduct — Speeehee  of 

Lord  Stanley,  Lord  Brougham,  the  Marquie  of  Lansdoime,  and 
other  Metttbert. — Debate  on  the  Second  Heading  of  the  Sugar  Dutiet 
Biil — Speechei  of  Earl  Qrey,  Lord  BedeedaU,  and  Lord  Denman. 
— The  Second  Beading  it  agreed  to,  and  the  Biil  become*  Late. 

THE  Sessiou  of  Parliament  adopted  by  Parliament  for  their 
haTlng  oonuneDoad,  hj  a  de-  relief." 
parture  from  the  usual  custom,  in  In  introducing  this  motion  to 
November,  1847,  and  being  ad-  the  House,  LordQeorge  first  de- 
jonraed  for  the  Christmas  holy-  fined  his  own  position.  His  per- 
days,  the  two  Houses  resumed  sonal  vish,  as  he  was  aware  Uiat 
business  f|fiun  on  the  3rd  of  Fe-  his  motion  would  be  unopposed  hy 
bruaiy.  The  condition  of  the  Her  Mtyesty's  Ministers,  was  to 
West  Indian  Colonies  was  the  first  make  no  statement  to  the  House  : 
subject  that  occupied  the  attention  the  observations  he  should  make 
of  the  House  of  Commons,  a  mo-  were  offered  only  in  deference  to 
tion  being  brought  forward  bj  what  he  believed  to  be  the  genenl 
Lord  George  Bentinck,  the  iu-  desire  of  the  House  and  of  the 
defatigable  advocata  of  that  in-  parties  at  large  interested  in  the 
terest,  for  a  Select  Committee  of  question.  It  ^d  been  represented 
Inquiry.  The  noble  Lord,  before  to  him  by  the  colonial  interest 
entering  upon  his  subject,  pre-  that  the  planters  were  in  extremit, 
sented  three  important  petitions  ;  and  that  whilst  redress  was  under 
one  from  the  Standing  Committee  disoussion  by  the  Committee  that 
oftha  West  Indian  Planters, another  great  interest  would  perish.  His 
from  the  merobsnts  of  Greenook,  motion  had,  indeed,  neen  termed 
figainst  restraints  on  immigration  pusilianimous.  It  was,  however, 
and  on  the  employment  of  labour,  for  himself  to  oonsider  what  was 
•nd  a  third  from  merchants  and  his  power  to  obtain  any  substantial 
othan  in  Jamaica,  praying  for  the  relief  by  a  direct  vote  of  the  House, 
removal  of  burthens,  for  a  full  In  July  184S,  only  five  gentle- 
supply  of  African  labour,  an  altera-  men  conneoted  with  the  West  or 
tion  <^  the  Navigation  Laws,  and  an  the  East  Indian  interests  had  voted 
assimilation  of  the  duties  on  colo>  with  him  in  a  minority  of  130 
niat  rum  to  those  paid  by  the  against  the  m^ority  of  006,  who 
British  distiller.  The  motion  of  then  n^tived  the  proteetion  now 
Lord  George  Bentinck  ran  as  fol>  sought :  he  thought,  therefore,  that 
lows :—  the  West  Indian  interests  had 
"  That  a  Select  Committee  he  no  right  to  blame  him  on  the  pre- 
appointed to  inquire  into  the  pre-  sent  occasion.  He  had  no  reason 
sent  condition  and  proepeots  of  tlie  to  suppose  that  the  minority  had 
interests  connected  with,  and  de-  been  converted  into  a  mqjority; 
pendenton,  sugar  and  cofiee  plant-  but,  to  juatify  inquiry,  he  pointed 
ing  in  Her  JJ^jesty'a  East  and  to  the  extremity  of  the  West  In- 
West  Indian  possessions  and  the  dies,  to  the  failure  of  fifty  great 
Mauritius;  and  to  consider  whether  houses  in  this  country,  withTialu- 
any  and  what    measures  can  be  lities  exceeding  6,300,0001.,  and 


EmgUnd.]                           HISTORY.  [3 

to  thft  chuiga  in  Ute  public  fMlin^    the  Wait  Indies  is  60j.  a  year; 

on  the  sul^ect  of  glareiy  uid  slave-  in  Jamaica  a  free  labourer  is  paid 

trading ;  at  the  last  general  eleo-  half-s-dollar  a  d^,  for  six  or  seven 

tioo  not  a  wrod  w&s  said  on  the  hours'  work,  and  he  can  BcanMly 

Bolgeet ;  those  vho  were  otnDipo-  be  got  to  work  four  or  five  dayi  in 

tent  in   1839,  were  powerless  in  the  week.    In  Cuba  the  slave  ia 

1847.     In  proposing  his  inquiry,  made    to  work    sixteen  or    even 

be  wiahed  it  to  be  distinctlj  un-  twentT  hours  a   day;   the  driver 

dantood  that  be  neither  precluded  armed  with  whip,  outlaas.  and  dag- 

himself    nor  vriahed   to  preclude  ger.attonded  by  bloodhounds.  That 

others,    it  a.   substantial   measure  ia  the  kind  of  slavery  which  we  are 

for  immediate  and  effectual  relief  Etimulating   by  the  admission  of 

sbonld  be  brought  forward,  from  slave-grown  sugar  intothiscountry. 

lending  their  support  to  any  such  However,  there  is  no  ol^eotion  to 

pvpoMl.    He  hoped  that  he  should  immigration.      Sir    Charles  Ulet- 

be  able,  through  the  i^st^lmen^  oalfe  declared,  in  1840,  that  the 

ality  of  a  Committee  of  inquiry,  to  fertile  soil  of  Jamaica  could  provide 

prevail  upon  the  House  to  change  for  any  multitude  without  duni- 

ita  policy  with  regard  to  this  great  niabing  the  comforts  of  the  exiat- 

queatian.     He  did  not  seek  to  en-  ing  population ;  and  similar  reports 

force  the  distinction  between  slave-  were   mode   from  other  colonies, 

grown  and  free-grown  sugar,  be-  But  the  cost  of  immigration  is  too 

cftoae  thst  attempt  would  be  fol-  great  for  the  planters    to    bear, 

lowed   by  the  overthrow  of   the  especially  with  the  obligation  to 

Qorenunent^-which  he  did  not  send  back  the  immigrants  at  the 

desire.  end  of  five  years.    He  did  not 

Alluding  to  the  petition  from  know  why  there  should  be  this 

Jamaica,    Lord  Oeorge    declared  delicacy  about  removing  an  Afri- 

that  he  could  not  agree  with  the  can,  a  Cooly,  or  Chinaman,  when 

demand  for  the  repe^  of  the  Navi-  he  is  only  transferred  from  one  hot 

gotion  Xaws  ;  and  he  entered  into  climate  to  another,  and  no  such 

a  long  statement  of  the  rates  of  delicacy  is   ehovm  to  the  British 

freight,   to  show  that  the  West  soldier,  who  is  bound  to  remain  ten 

Indians  suffer  no  injury  from  those  years  in  an  uncongenial  climate, 

laws.    With  respect  to  the  differ-  LordGeojgeadvertedtothe cose 

ential  duty  on  spirits,  he  thought  of  the  East  Indies,  invited  by  Par- 

that  the   British    distiller  would  liament  to   exert    themselves    in 

need   its  maintenance.     He  was  producing  free-labour  sugar — coit- 

not  indisposed  to  give  every  feci-  tending  that  the  foith  of  Parlia- 

11^  for  immigration,  but  doubted  ment  was  as  much  pledged  to  them 

whether  it  would  do  much  good,  to  enable  them  to  repay  themselves 

The  atate  of  Barbadoes,  as  densely  for  the  outlay  of  that  capital,  as  it 

peopled  as  China,  shows  that  in-  was   pledged  to  repay  the  fund- 

creued  numbers  will  not  suffice,  holder  the  debt  that  was  due  to 

He  agreed  with  Mr.  Merivale,  the  him. 

uew  Under-Secretaiy  for  the  Co-  In  July  last,  Mr.  Hawes  had  de- 

lonies,  that  free  labour  never  can  scribed  the  Mauritius  as  being  in  a 

sneoessfully  compete  with    slave  stateofmostflourishingprosperity; 

labour.     At  the  highest  estimate,  since  that,  out  of  six  grMt  finns  in 

the  cost  of  maintaining  a  slave  in  the  Matuitius  trade,  but  one  re- 

IB ''I  .         „|C 


4]                 ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

mained  standinff  -.  the  liabilitieB  of  opening  the  trade  of  Brazil  ?  Cotn- 

thoee  that  had  follen  are  estimated  paring  the  sixteen  months  before 

at    3,900,000/.  ;    Ministers  have  with  the  sixteen  months  after  the 

been  obliged  to  advance  450,0001.  admission  of    slave-grown  ai^ar, 

on  sngar  to  enable  the  colony  to  there  had  been  a  gross  decrease  in 

fo  on,  and  to   supply  rice  from  the  production  of  cotton  goods  to 

ndia  for  the  food  of  the  labourers,  the  amount  of  1,339,341  pounds. 

That  fact  showed  bow  ntterlj  Mi-  c^net   an  increase  of    108,082 

nisters  had  been  in  the  dark  re-  pounds:  taldog  into  acconnt  tha 

specting   the  true   state  of  Her  enhanced  price  of  raw  cotton,  the 

Majesty's  colonial  pOBeesflions,  and  balance  remaining  for  wages  and 

would  alone  justiiy  ini^uiry.  profits  hod  declined  by  1,671,003^ 

He  wanted  the  inquiry  also  as  a  Lord  George  assailed  Uie  system 

bridge  of  retreat  for  Ministers  and  for  suppressing   the   slave  trade, 

the  free-traders.     He  would  not  calculating,  with  a  great  array  of 

hint  to  them  that  it  should  be  a  figures,  that  from  first  to  last  it 

bridge  Buch  as  acted  as  a  guide  to  hadcostthiscouutiy  100,000,0001. 

a    certain  proposition   in  Euclid.  He  proposed  a  substitute  for  the 

They  wanted   no   bridge   for  the  ineifective  blockade  of  Africa.  They 

blockheads  who  had  predicted  all  would  never  put  down  the  slave 

tbe  evils  that  had  occurred ;  they  trade  so  long  as  it  depended  upon 

must  have  a  bridge  for  the  men  of  blockading  10,390  miles  of  coast, 

brains,  wbich  the  hon.    Member  He  would,  as  Captain  Pilkingtoa 

for  the  West  Biding  of  Yorkshire  recommended,  atnko  a  blow  at  the 

and  his  friends  might  be  permitted  head  and  not  at  the  hand.    He 

to  pass  over ;  but  certmnly  not  with  would  not  send  an  army  to  destroy 

colours  flying,  or  drums  beating,  every  individual  hornet,  but  go  to 

nor    with    bands    playing    "  See  the  hornets'  nest   at    once,    and 

the  Conquering  Hera  comes,"  or  smother  that  nestof  the  slave  trade 

tbe   tune  of    "  Cceur    de  Lion,"  wbich  now  existed  in  Cuba.     He 

with  which  the  hon.  Oentleman  bod  rood  in  the  Times  an  extract 

was,  he  believed,  greeted  abroad ;  from    an    United    States   ^per, 

but  they  might  be  permitted  to  in  which  it  was  stated  that  if  the 

pass  over  with  arms  reversed,  and  United  States  did  not  possess  her- 

with  muffled  drams,  muttering  per^  self  of  Cuba,  Great  Britain  would; 

haps  between  their  teeth,  "  If  our  and  that  England  hod  a  strai^r 

cause  is  of  God,  it  will  live ;  but  claim  by  a  hundredfold  to  Cuba 

jf   not,  it  must   perish."    Their  than  the  United  States  had  to  Mex- 

cause  WBS  not  of  God,  aud  there-  ico,  because  a  sum  of  45.000,000{. 

fore  it  must  perish.      To  make  was  due  to  British  subjecta  upon 

out  the  failure  of  the  recent  mea-  Spanish  bonds,  and  Cuba  was  hy- 

Bures  of  free  trade.  Lord  George  pothecated  for  the  payment  of  that 

plunged   into   an  immense  mass  debt. 

of    statistical    details.      Against  Sir   Charles   Wood.  — "  But 

cheap  sugar,  he  set  oif  the  milnre  would  you  seize  the  Bi-azils  as 

of  our  great  merchants  for  moi-e  well?" 

than  6.300,000/.,  asked  how  free  Lord  George   Bentlnck.  —The 

trade    had  benefited  Lancashire,  cose  of  Cuba  stood  upon  its  own 

now  in  so  miserable  a  state ;  whe-  merits,    and   upon    the    debt  of 

ther  it  bad  fulfilled  the  promise  of  49,000,0001.    In  taking  possession 


E«gl«Hd.l                   HISTORY.  [5 

of  it  we  sboDld  only  be  distraiaiDg  resting  hjs  caae  partly  on  a  pamph- 
for  ajast  debt,of  wbicbwe  faadlong  let  entitled  "  Ministera  and  the 
demuided  payment  in  vain.  We  Sugar  Duties."  "  The  curtailment 
migbt  then  emancipate  the  Blavea  of  the  apprenticeship,"  be  said, 
ofCnba;  and  h&Ting  thusdeetroyed  "bad  worked  well;  the  anticipation 
sUveiy  itsdf  in  that  quarter  of  formed,  in  1844,  that  there  would 
the  world,  there  would  be  no  be  a  targe  increase  in  the  pnxjac' 
difScolty  in  allowing  the  Britisb  tion  of  free-labour  sugar,  had  not 
merchant  to  go  to  Africa,  for  the  been  confirmed ;  and  the  diatinc- 
purpose  of  obtuning  there,  by  the  lion  between  free-labour  and  slave- 
offer  of  good  wages  and  other  ad-  labour  sugar  bad  proved  to  be  in- 
fant^ea,  a  number  of  free  Africans  compatible  with  treaties.  As  the 
to  cultivate  his  estates.  question    of    slavery   bad    to    be 

Sir  Charles  Wood,  though  not  omitted  from  consideration,  they 
opposing  the  ^pointment  of  the  were  led  toconsider  solely  whether 
(knnmittee,  guarded  himself  against  there  should  be  protection  or  no 
the  supposition  that  the  Qovem-  protection.  The  proposal  of  the 
ment  meant  to  recede  from  the  West  Indians  was  to  fix  the  diSer- 
coorse  wbioh  they  bad  chosen  in  ential  duty  at  10*.  per  cwt.,  or 
1846,  and  thought  that  be  should  10/.  per  ton;  the  avowed  object 
be  showing  most  kindness  to  the  being  to  enhance  the  price  by  that 
West  Indians  by  staling  distinctly  amount.  Last  year  the  consump- 
what  were  the  views  and  intentions  tion  of  sugar  amounted  to  290,000 
of  the  Ministiy.  He  declined  to  tons ;  the  proposed  enhancement 
follow  bia  noble  Friend  through  of  price,  therefore,  would  be  equi- 
maoy  of  those  topics  which  he  had  valent  to  a  tax  of  !2,0OO,OO6/.,  or 
presented  to  the  House,  especially  say,  in  round  numbers,  3, OOO.OOOt. 
as  he  thought  that  no  sound  in-  On  the  other  hand,  diminished 
ferences,  with  regard  to  the  future,  protection  had  benefited  the  re- 
coold  be  drawn  bom  the  state  of  venue,  which  bad  risen  from 
trade  daring  the  last  twelve  3,749,363/,  in  1845,  to  4,596,6961. 
months.  The  extraordinary  fall  in  1847,  despite  the  great  distress, 
in-the  price  of  sugar,  for  example.  Her  Mt^esty's  Ministers  held  that 
he  regarded  as  transitory,  because  duties  should  be  imposed  with  re- 
he  thought  it  owing  to  the  gene-  ference  to  revenue  alone.  Govem- 
ratly  disastrous  stale  of  commerce  ment  intended  to  propose  such  an 
during  the  autumn.  As  great  a  alteration  in  the  Navigation  Laws 
fall  was  to  be  fonnd  in  the  prices  as  would  completely  put  an  end  to 
of  other  articles  ;  in  indigo,  US  per  any  discontent  springing  from  that 
cent. ;  in  rice,  26;  in  sw>,  51 ;  and  source.  He  should  be  happy  to 
in  tea  41^  per  cent.  The  houses  extend  the  tise  of  molasses  to 
in  the  Mauritius  trade  had  fallen  brewers;  but  he  thought  that  it 
from  causes  totally  independent  of  would  not  be  practicable,  as  mo- 
the  price  of  sugar;  and  in  like  lasses  could  not,  like  sugar,  be 
manner  the  West  Indies .  had  suf-  made  to  bear  an  amount  of  duty 
fered  from  the  &ilure  of  the  West  equal  to  that  on  malt ;  but  the  ex- 
India  Bank.  perience  of   the  past   year   had 

As  to  the  grievances  of  the  West  shown  that  there  was  no  difficulty 

Indies,  SirCbarles  contended  that  in  admitting  molasses  into  dislil- 

tb^Jiad  been  much  exaggerated ;  leriea;  he  proposed,  therefore,  to 


6] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [England. 


introduce  a  Bill,  immediately,  au- 
thorizing the  admiBsion  of  molasaes 
into  diatillerieB  upon  terms  such  ae 
those  on  which  sugar  had  been  here- 
tofore admitted.  Cane-juice  might 
be  admitted  on  payment  of  an 
equiralent  duty,  but  he  understood 
tint  that  would  be  prohibitory. 

"  With  respect  to  immi^tion, 
a  statement  which  he  held  in  his 
hand  showed  that  it  had  been  ex- 
tensive and  beneficial.  The  de- 
tails to  which  he  referred  were  as 
follows : — 

ifun^itr  <if  Siatf  in  182S.    Frm  La- 

bota-tri   inporUd   inlo    lie  faUmittg 
Colmit*  la  1843. 


Muiriliiu,  , 
28,000   ■ 

Jamaica, 
322,000 
Briliib 

00,000 
TritiidaJ,  _ 
24,000    ■ 


"  Ithadbeen  found,  however,  that 
the  present  eystem  of  immigration 
did  not  answer;  and  be  proposed  a 
change.  He  knew  that  there  was 
a  risk  in  allowing  the  practice 
of  taking  negroes  from  Africa ;  that 
if  parties  were  permitted  to  buy 
negroes  for  slaves,  and  to  bring 
them  from  Africa  upon  the  pretext 
of  their  being  made  free  labourers 
in  the  West  Indies,  the  permission 
would  offer  a  direct  encouragement 
to  a  renewal  of  all  the  horrors  of 
tbe  slave  trade.  With  this  con- 
viction, prDvision  must  be  made 
that  if  natives  were  brought  from 
Africa  to  ^e  West  Indies,  itshould 
be  with  their  own  free  will,  though 
the  Government  were  not  disposed 
to  throw  any  fresh  obstruction  in 
the  way  of  the  importation  of  free 
labour ;  and  they  were  prepared  to 
advance  a  sum  of  money  not  ex- 


03,000  Free. 

23,000  Liberatsd  AMoni. 

8,500  Free. 

3,000  Liberated  A&icuM. 
33330  Free. 

6.180  Liberated  ArHcuii. 
'  17,788  Preo. 

8.181  Liberated  Africani. 


ceeding  200,0001.  for  tbatpurpoae. 
Another  source  ooneistea  in  the 
liberated  Africans.  At  present  th« 
cost  of  these  liberated  negroes  was 
defrayed  bj  the  colonists ;  bat  the 
Government  were  prepared  to  cast 
upon  this  country  the  cost  of  con- 
veying these  negroes  to  the  West 
Indies.  But  the  great  body  of 
these  negroes  were  set  free  at 
Sierra  Iieone ;  and  be  believed  the 
transferring  them  to  the  West  In- 
dies would  be  not  only  bensflcial 
to  these  colonies,  but  beneGcial  to 
the  negroes  themselves,  and  to  tbe 
colony  of  Sierra  Leone  itself. 

"  Another  measure  of  relief  would 
be  to  postpone  tbe  repayment  of 
the  hurricane  loan  for  five  years ; 
and  a  new  loan  would  be  made  to 
Tobago,  Sfi  a  relief  on  account  of 
the  last  hurricane." 

Reading  various  extncte  ftom 
the  memorial  of  the  Jamaica  House 
of  Assembly  and  other  documents. 
Sir  Charles  contended  that  there 
was  vast  room  for  agricultural  im- 
provements in  the  West  Indies; 
and  if  proper  exertions  were  made, 
he  did  not  despair  of  seeing  those 
colonies  restored  to  a  state  of  com- 
parative prosperity. 

Mr.  Robinson  gave  credit  to  tbe 
Government  for  the  openness  of 
thsir  declaration,  but  thought  that 
if  the  West  Indies  were  to  nave  no 
other  measure  of  relief  than  that 
suggested  by  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer,  they  must  be  prepared 
for  total  and  irreparable  ruin. 

Mr.  Hume  and  Mr.  Ellice  also 
made  a  light  account  of  the  pn>- 
mised  measures,  but  ui^ged  Lord 
G.  Bentinck  to  withdraw  his  mo- 
tion and  leave  the  matter  to  the 
responsibiUly  of  Government. 

Mr.  James  Wilson  entered  into 
the  subject  at  considerable  length. 
He  commenced  by  observing  that 
he  should  not  follow  the  noble 


En9U«d.\                       HISTORY.  [7 

Mover  into  those  gvneral  qnesdoiu  admitted  th&t  he  had  heard  with 

of  oommercial  poUcj  into  which  he  great  BatiaGution  the  alatement  of 

bad  deviated,  but  should  confine  Uie  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 

lutoseU  exclnaiTelj  to  the  intereeta  last  night,  not  merely  because  he 

of  the  cultivators  of  eugar.    He  (Sir  0.  Wood)  had  announced  the 

placed  the  whole  qoestion  on  the  intention  of  the  Government  to 

lateteetofdieWflstlndianplanters,  adhere  to  the  Act  of  1816,  but 

on  their  demands  for  protectioD,  because  he  had  also  announced  his 

aad  on  the  power  of  Government  intention  to  remove  many  restrio- 

to  grant  those  demands.  The  West  tions  which  still  pressed  heavily  on 

Indians  rested  their  demands  for  the  West  Indian  planters ;  hut  he 

protection  on  four  distinctgrouads;  nevertheless    thbugfat  that  much 

of  which  the  first  was,  that  if  moral  further  good  might  be  conferred 

considerationa  compelled  us  to  ex-  on  the  o^onies  by  going  into  this 

dude  slavery  from  our  colonies,  Committee,  for  if  thoee  planten 

they  also  compelled  us  to  exclude  were  to  be  saved,  it  must  be  by  a 

all  sngar,  the   produce  of   slave  considerable  change  in  the  social 

labour,   from  the  home  market ;  relations  of  the  islands  in  which 

the  second,  tiiat  slave  labour  was  they  lived.     In  the  British  West 

cheaper   than   free    labour,   and  Indian  islands  the  whites  formed 

that    it   was   therefore     unequal  only   7i  per  cent,  of  the  whole 

and  unJDst  to  confine    the  West  population,   whilst    the    labourers 

Indians  to  free  labour   entirely;  formed theotherOeJperoent.;  for 

the    third,    that    the    sugar   of  the  whites  only  went  there  to  make 

Cuba  was   the  produce  of  slave  their  fortunes,  and,  when  they  had 

labour,  and  ought,  therefore,  to  be  done  so,  retnmed  home  to  spend 

excluded ;  and  the  fourth,  that  the  them.     But  it  was  not  so  in  Cuba. 

Imperial  Legislature  had  power  to  In  that  island  there  were  ancient 

protect  the  sugar  colonies  by  ex-  fkmilies  resident  on  their  estates, 

eluding  all  Bugar  the  produce  of  and  therefore  attentive  to  the  im- 

fottiga  colonies  emploTiog  slave  provement  and  prosperity  of  their 

labour.     He  cmitendea  at    great  country.    Nothing  of  this  kind  naa 

lettgth  that  not  one  of  these  four  to  be  found  in  the  firitish  West 

propositions  was  true ;  and, in  the  Indies;   and,  as  a  proof   of   the 

course  of  his  oheervatioiis,  entered  vnietcbed  consequences  of  such  i 

into  a  laboured  refutation  of  most  system,  he  mentioned  that  there 

of  the  arguments  advanced  last  were  800  miles  of  tailroad  in  Cuba, 

night  by  Lord  O.  Bentinck.    He  and  not  above  a  dozen  in  the  whole 

showed  that  300,000  tons  of  sngar  of  our  West  Indian  possesaions. 

were  now  annotlly  produced  by  Considerable    mischief  had    alM 

free  labour  in  countries  east  of  the  been  done  to  our  planters  by  the 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  si^gested  onerous  resttictioiis  placed  on  them 

that  even  if  the  Legislature  were  as  employers  of  labour  with  regard 

to  exclude  the  sugars  of  Cuba  and  to  the  importatioD  of  labourers. 

Btasil,  on  the  ground  that  they  They  had  also  suffered  injury  from 

were  die  prodoce  tit  slave  labour,  the    want  of   laws    for  the  pre- 

the  West  Indian  planters  wouldstill  vendon  of  squatting  and  vagraney. 

find  it  impossible  to  compete  nith-  Now,  these  were  all  oonsideiations, 

out  difflcnl^  with  that  enormous  and  many  others  might  be  sug* 

it  of  fne-labour  produce.  He  gested,  conneoted  with  the  polk^ 


8]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.       [England. 

and  finance  of  the  West  Indian  sugars  of  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  had 
islands,  nhich  might  usefully  be-  not&llenintbesaineproportiouas 
come  subjects  of  inquiiy  before  a  tlie  price  of  Britisb  su^u^;  and. 
Select  Committee;  and,  such  being  having  established  that  point,  he 
the  case,  he  hoped  that  Lord  Q.  concluded  that  the  Act  of  161S 
Bentinck  nould  not  accede  to  the  must  have  had  some  share  in 
proposition  of  Ur.  Hume,  bat  producing  the  ousting  distress, 
would  persevere  in  hia  motion  for  Almost  all  the  requests  of  the 
inquiry.  colonists  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
Mr.  T.  Baring  observed,  that  of  chequer  bad  rejected,  contending 
all  the  disheartening  statements  that  it  vros  not  the  law,  but  the 
which  this  debate  had  brought  for-  absenteeism  of  the  proprietors,  and 
ward,  none  was  more  so  than  the  their  want  of  management  in  their 
description  which  Mr.  Wilson  had  estates,  which  had  caused  all  the 
given  of  the  flourishing  condition  distress.  Now,  he  (Mr.  T.  Baring) 
of  Cuba,  and  of  the  depressed  con-  was  afraid  that  the  Chancellor  of 
dition  of  the  West  Indian  islands,  the  Exchequer  would  find  that  the 
Mr.  Wilson  had  also  told  theHouse  residents  in  the  Colonies  had  suf- 
that  no  protection  could  save  our  fered  as  much  as  the  absentees. 
Colonies ;  for  such  was  the  gronth  and  that  West  Indian  estates  were 
of  sugar  in  countries  east  of  the  as  well  managed  by  agents  as  by 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  that  he  was  proprietors.  The  Chancellor  of  the 
only  surprised  th^  our  Colonies  Exchequer  had  quoted  extracts 
were  not  worse  off  than  they  were,  from  many  nameless  pamphlets  to 
havii^  such  an  amount  of  produce  show  that  West  Indian  estates 
recently  raised  to  compete  with  in  were  not  well  managed  ;  but  he 
the  market  But  why  was  this?  would  have  been  better  pleased  had 
Because  the  planters  in  the  east  Sir  C.  Wood  given  the  House  ex- 
were  not  fettered  in  their  labour,  tracts  from  the  despatches  of  our 
and  because  there  had  not  been  different  governors — Sir  C.  Grey, 
among  them  that  great  revolu-  Lord  Harris,  and  other  men  of  in- 
tion  which  took  from  them  the  telligence  and  station.  But  how 
means  of  producing  sugar  at  the  were  those  estates  to  be  better 
very  moment  at  which  it  opened  managed,  when  in  consequence  of 
the  home  market  to  other  sugars,  the  Act  of  184G  the  credit  and 
When  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex.-  capital  of  our  West  Indies  were 
chequer  asserted  that  the  Act  of  destroyed,  and  the  credit  and 
1646  had  not  produced  the  dis-  capital  of  Cuba  and  Brazil  had 
trees  of  the  West  Indian  interest,  risen  upon  theirniin?  TheHouse 
and  that  sugar  was  now  only  suf-  had  raised  hopes  in  the  West 
fering  the  same  depression  of  price  Indian  planters  in  1840,  and  in 
to  which  other  article  were  now  1844,  which  it  had  subsequently 
liable,  he  overlooked  the  real  ques-  disappointed.  It  had  given  them 
tion,  whether  the  same  fall  of  price  a  compensation  which  was  clearly 
had  taken  place  in  the  su^rs  inadequate,  for  it  was  founded  on 
which  were  not  introduced  nito  the  value  of  the  slave,  and  without 
this  country  before  1646,  as  had  any  consideration  of  the  fact  that 
taken  place  in  the  sugars  of  our  when  the  slave  was  taken  away 
ovrnColonies.  Mr.Baringthenpro-  from  the  property  the  property  was 
ceeded  to  show  that  the  price  of  the  rendered  valueless.    He  would  not 


Enjlaad.] 


HISTORY. 


[9 


saij,  that  it  it  «eie  possilile  to  fe- 
Btore  BUvei;  to  the  Mauritins  and 
the  West  Indies,  it  would  not  be  & 
good  bargain  for  those  Colonies  to 
fuj  back  that  money  to  this  coirn- 
tiy.  He  did  not  set  himself  up 
as  an  advocate  for&ee  trade;  but, 
if  he  did,  be  should  contend  that 
the  case  of  the  West  Indians  was 
an  exception  from  the  ordinary 
principles  of  free  trade.  If  it  were 
not,  iroold  the  free  traders  rest  the 
tiutb  of  their  principles  on  the  suc- 
cess of  the  experiment  which  they 
had  tried  in  the  Act  of  1846? 
They  had  said  that  it  would  benefit 
all,  ityare  none,  and  produce  a  low 
price  of  sugar;  but  if  it  should 
throwout  of  cultivatioD  the  exist- 
ing sugar  plantsUions,  as  he  auti- 
cipated,  then  it  would  destroy  the 
punters,  and  ultimately  enhance 
the  price  of  sugar  itself.  It  had 
been  said  that  free  trade  was  cer- 
tain to  produce  hannony  in  all 
quarters ;  but  the  oommencement  of 
the  era  of  hannony  would  not  be 
Teiy  bvourable  if  free  trade  should 
produce  discord  between  our  Colo- 
niea  and  the  mother  country.  Let 
the  House  then  declare  whether  it 
attached  value  to  those  Colonies  or 
not;  whether  it wotildallow  them  to 
transfer  their  allegiance  to  another 
power;  and  whether,  according  to 
the  principles  of  free  trade,  they 
would  allow  them  to  sell  themselves 
in  the  dearest,  and  to  buy  their 
OoTemment  in  the  cheapest  mar- 
ket. With  r^ard  to  the  motion 
of  Lord  O.  Bentinck,  he  wished  to 
say,  that  althongh  the  West  Indian 
interest  would  look  with  confidence 
to  theappointnentof  aCommittee, 
if  Government  would  give  them 
any  assurance  of  substantial  relief, 
they  did  not  attach  much  import- 
ance to  it  now,  as  any  relief  which 
the  Coniniittee  might  suggest  Mould 
come  too  lat«.  The  alteration  o(  the 


duties  on  mm  and  molasses  might 
be  of  use  if  connected  with  other 
measures,  but  would  be  of  no  use 
by  itself.  He  would  therefore 
leave  the  responsibility  upon  Sliui- 
Bters  to  decide  whether  the  country 
should  psy  an  additional  price  for 
its  sugar  for  the  pur])OBe  of  giving 
free  labour  a  fair  trial,  and  of  so 
making  free  labour  the  best  exter- 
minator of  slave  labour.  He  called 
upon  the  country  to  observe  their 
conduct,  and  to  insist  upon  their 
saying  whether  they  would  restore 
hope  to  theColonies,  to  enable  them 
to  struggle  against  the  competition 
of  slave  labour,  or  whether,  after 
acknowledging  their  distress,  they 
would  not  give  them  a  farthing  in 
relief,  although  last  year  they  had 
given  8,000,0002.  to  mitigate  the 
sufferings  of  Ireland. 

Mr.  Bemal  support«d  the  claims 
of  the  West  Indians,  as  did  Sir 
Edward  Buxton,  and  Mr.  Ooul- 
bum,  the  two  latter  resting  their 
arguments  rather  on  anti-slavery 
grounds.  Mr.  Bagsbaw  asserted 
the  rights  of  the  East  Indies  to 
relief.  Mr.  Labouchere  backed  up 
Sir  Charles  Wood's  argument,  re- 
peating his  assertion  that  free  la- 
bour would  be  able  to  compete 
successfully  with  slave  labour.  Mr. 
Disraeli  supported  the  motion  iu 
his  usual  lively  and  pungent  style 
of  oratory. 

The  real  problem  before  the 
House,  he  said,  was  the  success  of 
the  new  commercial  system  in  the 
only  branch  of  our  imperial  in< 
dustry  upon  which  it  had  been 
tried :  it  bad  proved,  he  main- 
tained, a  total  failure.  But  the 
bulk  of  his  speech  was  a  very  ani- 
mated and  trenchant  attack  on  the 
paltrinesBof  the  Government  policy 
and  measures.  He  announced,  in 
the  outset,  that  he  should  give  an 
nnqtialified  opposition  to  the  vote 


10]  ANNUAL  REGISTEE,  1848.       lEnpland. 

of  SOO.OOOI.  for  immigration.    Hs  niurn  of  free  tnd«  ?   Turning  to 

conld  not  bring  himself  to  tbink  Mr.   Cobden,    Mr.  Disnteli   oon- 

ihat    such    a   sum    could    exer-  eluded  vrith  a  pointed  and    em- 

cise  any  influence  on  the  dietress  phBtiodenunciationofthequackeij 

of  the  Colonies ;  it  could  not  exe^  of  economic  science, 

cise&nyinfluenceatal]  1  and  there-  I>ord  George  Bentinclt,  in  his 

fore  be  would  not  encourage  the  lax  reply,  explnined  vhy  he  could  not 

practice  of  public  men.  who,  after  yield  to  the  recommendations  of 

having  got  themselTes.  by  want  of  Mr.   Hume    and    Mr.   Elliee   to 

prescience,  into  difficulty,  endea-  withdraw  his  motion.      If  either 

Youred  to  extricate  themselves  from  of  those  gentlemen  had  expressed 

it  by  a  grant  of  public  money.     If  a  readiness    to  support  any  eub- 

tbere  were  the  money  to  spare,  it  stantial  measures  of  relief  to  the 

might  become   a  question   what  West  Indies,  he  would  have  ac- 

would  be  the  best  thing  to  do  with  ceded  to  their  request ;   but  all 

it :  perhaps  it  might  be,  to  build  a  that  be  had  beard  from  them  was 

new  National  Gallery.  that  Government    would    not  do 

He  contrasted  the  brief  notice  more  than  what  it  had  announced, 

bestowed  on  the  avowed  remedies  andthathisCommitteewouldexcite 

— the  ten  minutes  devoted  to  mo-  hopes  which  would  only  be  disap- 

lasses  and  immigration— with  the  pointed.    He  thought  it  worth  tiy- 

faour  and  a  half  given  to  secret  and  mg  whether  he  could  not  obtain  by 

inuendo  remedies— the  cardinal  vir-  this  Committee  such  evidence  as 

tuesof  "enerm'"and  "enterprise,"  would  at  last  bring  conviction  even 

preached  by  Her  Majesty's  Govern-  to  the  House  of  Commons, 

ment,  in  jingling  words,  in  smooth  The  motion  for  a  Committee  wai 

phrases,  and  loose  abstractions.  agreed  to  without  a  division. 

Sir  Charles  Wood  had  preached  The  next  proceeding  in  Parlia- 

"  competition, "but  competition  pre-  ment  relative  to  West  Indian  affairs, 

sumes  equality  of  circumstances ;  was  a  proposal  made  by  the  Chan- 

and  what  is  theequatity  between  the  cellorof  the  Exchequer,  on  the  let 

Spanish  ond  British  Colonies  in  the  May,  to  the  House  of  Commons,  to 

West  Indies?  the  Spanish  Colonies  authoriEC  a  loan  of  800,0001.  for 

having  abundance  of  labour,  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  im- 

which  they  pay  nothing;  the  British  migration  of  free  labourers  into  the 

Colonies  deficiency  of  labour,  for  Colonies  of  British  Guiana  and 

which  they  pay  dearV    Cor  head-  Trinidad.   This  motion  was  stoutly 

long  legislation,  in  fact,  has  created  opposed  by  Mr.  Hume,  who  uived 

a  differential  duty  in  favour  of  the  that,  as  the  report  of  the  Select 

Spaniards.     Such  is  the  effect  of  Committee  on  West  Indian  ai^in 

being  ruled  not  by  facta,  but  by  would  shortly  be  presented  to  the 

phrases !  House,  it  vrould  be  more  advisable 

The  West  Indian  supply  of  to  postpone  the  proposed  grant 
S50,000  tons  of  sugar  will  disap-  until  that  time.  It  appeared,  bow- 
pearfromthemarketsof  tlieworld;  ever,  on  farther  explanation,  that 
and  what  will  then  become  of  cheap  the  money  had  already  been  ex- 
sugar?  Of  what  use  will  the  pended,  upon  the  authority  of  the 
Colonies  be,  except  as  garrisons?  Colonial  Secretary,  Lord  QrOT;  a 
and,  indeed,  what  use  can  we  have  proceeding  against  which  the  Earl 
of  garrisons,  in  the  coming  millen-  of  ]>ice8ter  and  some  other  Mett- 


S»gUiuL-] 


HISTORY. 


[11 


ben  protMted  as  contrarj  to 
nssge  aad  constltudona]  nils.  Ul- 
tiinUe]j.  upon  the  megMtion  of 
Ur.  Herries,  I^ord  John  Bussell 
coDSCDted  to  tttke  a  reduced  gnut 
of  ITO.OOOf.,  which  was  CBrried  on 
■  di<nNOD  bj  70  to  31. 

Aa  the  Sesaioii  advanced  it  be- 
euao  evident,  from  the  increu- 
ingl;  adverse  tenor  of  the  acconnts 
received  from  the  West  Indies, 
that  00010  meaaore  of  relief  or  as- 
natance  most  be  extended  to  these 
Colonies,  as  the  onlj  means  of  ez- 
tncating  them  from  imminent  in- 
•oWenc;  and  ruin.  Althoogh  the 
Ministers  had  some  months  before 
avowed  their  determination  to  ad- 
here to  tbeir  settlement  of  the  pre- 
ceding year,  sjmptoma  of  concea- 
aion  began  to  manifest  themseWea ; 
and  at  length,  on  the  16th  of  June, 
Lord  John  Rusaell  laid  before  ttae 
House  of  Commons  hii  proposed 
measore  of  relief.  In  moving  that 
the  House  should  resolve  itself  into 
a  Committee  to  consider  the  Aot 
of  0  &  10  Vict.  c.  63,  Lord  John 
reviewed  the  past  legislation  afieot- 
ing  the  West  Indies,  especially 
referring  to  the  Emancipation  Act 
of  1834,  and  to  the  alteration 
of  the  Sugar  Duties,  by  admitting 
foreign  free-labour  sugar  in  1S4G, 
and  all  foreign  sugar  in  1846. 
The  first  measure  he  declared  to 
be  an  act  of  humanity  and  justice, 
andheverilybelieved,  that  if  it  had 
not  passed,  we  should  have  had  a 
series  of  inaurrections  and  disturb- 
ances, which  would  have  been  fatal 
to  the  prosperity  of  the  West 
Indies.  The  gift  of  90,000,0001. 
to  the  West  Indian  proprietors 
showed  that  the  Parliament  and 
people  of  England  were  disposed 
to  make  important  toorifices  to  pre- 
vent distress  and  ruin  from  falling 
on  them.  Both  that  Act  and  the 
Acts  of  1640,  he  maintained,  had 


been  completely  attocessfol.  The 
main  object  of  the  Act  of  1634  vras 
to  give  freedom  to  800,000  slaves, 
and  to  place  them  in  a  condition  of 
independence  and  proeperitj.  That 
ol^ect  was  admitted  on  all  hands 
to  have  been  attained.  The  main 
object  of  the  Act  of  1846  was  to 
obtain  a  cheaper  and  larger  supply 
of  sugar,  with  a  diminution  <n 
burdens  to  the  people  of  England  ; 
an  abject  which  he  showed  by 
financial  retnms  had  been  com- 
pletely accomplished.  The  con- 
sumption of  sugar  had  increased 
from  344,000  tons  in  1640  to 
290,700  tons  in  1647,  and  was  still 
increasing.  The  revenue  derived 
from  the  duties  on  sugar  had  in- 
creased from  8,74B,000{.  in  1645, 
to  4,6be,00O{.  in  1847. 

Lord  John  reviewed  the  mea- 
Buree  which  had  been  taken  for  in- 
troducing labourers  ^m  the  East 
Indies  into  the  Mauritius,  and 
from  the  East  Indies  and  Africa 
into  the  West  Indian  Colonies; 
which  ho  admitted  had  not  been 
very  sucoeesful,  The  present  state 
of  the  case  was,  that  labourers  might 
be  introduced  from  any  British 
poisession  in  Africa,  with  only  this 
provision,  that  there  should  be  an 
officer  on  board  the  vessel  who 
should  take  care  that  there  were  no 
transacUons  resembling  the  pur- 
chase of  slaves  or  the  slave  trade, 
and  that  the  person  vrho  emigratee 
to  the  West  Indies,  should  go  there 
with  his  own  consent.  Also,  "  li- 
berated Africans,"  from  captured 
slave  ships,  were  conveyed  direct  to 
the  West  Indies,  instead  of  being 
sent  first  to  Bierra  Leone.  But 
the  suspicion  entertained  in  this 
country,  that  the  slave  trade  might 
be  revived  under  the  pretence  of 
immigration — the  fear  that  slaves 
shonld  be  compelled  to  vmrkinthe 
West  Indies — retarded  for  a  longer 


12]              ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

period  tlian  was  quite  lair  or  just  1846.     What  he  proposed  vas, 

to  the  West  Indian  proprietora  the  tbat  the  du^  on  colonial  sugar 

immigration  into  the  West  Indies,  should  be  reduced  after  the  6th  of 

He  proposed,  therefore,  to  do  more  Juir  in  the  present  year  to  IS*., 

now  than  he  should  have  done  had  and    should    be    reduced   snbse- 

that  (jaestioii  been  eetUed  some  ^uently  a  shilling  eveir  succeed- 

years  ago,  and  had  there  been  a  ing  year  until  it  reached  10«.    He 

fiiir  import  of  labour  since  the  year  likewise  proposed  that  the  duty  on 

1834.     Ue  proposed  to  make  an  ordinary  foreign  Muscovado  sugar 

advance  to  the  Colonies,  on  the  shouldremain  as  fixed  by  the  Act 

security  of  the  colonial  revenues,  of  1846;  but  he  proposed  a  new 

for  the  purpose  of  meeting  the  ex-  distinctive  duly  for  foreign  brown 

Eense  of  immigration;  or  rather,  clayed  sugar.     In  this  species  of 

e  should  say,  that  he  proposed  to  sngar,  the  foreign  producer  had  an 

guarantee  a  colonial  losn,  not  ex*  undue  advantage,  from  the  wide 

ceeding  500,0001.,  in  addition  to  variation  of  quality  which  might 

160,000i.  which  the  House   had  be  made  to  come  under  that  head ; 

already  guaranteed  this  Session.  and  thus  the  foreigner  was  able  to 

Complaints  had  been  made  of  introduce  a  very  liigh  quality  of 

the  too  rapid  operation  of  the  Act  that  saw  under  the  low  range  of 

of  1846;   and  that  under  it  one  duty.     Lord  John  proposed  a  dis- 

clasaofsugarhadanadvantageover  tjnctive  scale  for  brown  clayed,  or 

every  ether  class  in  the  classifies-  qualities   equal   to   brown  clayed, 

tion  of  duties,  which  it  ought  not  foreign  sugar:  from  the  5th  July, 

fairly  to  have.   In  considering  that  1618,  to  &»  5th  July,  1849,  the 

subject,  he  firankly  avowed  that  he  duty  would  remain  at  20(. ;  and  it 

did  not  thiuk  it  fair  to  the  Bridsli  would  then  be  reduced  by  It.  M. 

consumer  to  impose  a  difierential  ayear,  until  itreacbed  a  10«.  duty 

duty  of  10*.  on  sugar,  to  last  for  inJulyl854.  The  proposed  duties, 

ten  years  or  more,  for  the  purpose  then,  would  stand  thus : — 

of  revivinir  the  industry  and  pros-  r*ueiidiD(          FonifD.         coioowii. 

perity  of  the  West  Indiea.    Ho  ^'^^  "■    *™cu,m.   h^  ""^'"^ 

therefore  looked  in  another  direc-  1849    ...  20   0  ...  16   9  ...  13   0 

tiun:  be  looked  to  the  experience  1S50    ...  18    «  ...  17    0  ...  12    0 

of  late  years,  in  which  he  saw  that,  j|*'     -  j'    *  ■■■  jj    <  -  jl    « 

with  regard  to  manv  articles  on  ig^g    ";  ,4   ^  ;;;  ,3   q  ;"  ,0   q 

which  the  duty  had  been  dimi-  1B54    ...  13   0  ...  12   0  ...  10   0 

Dished   and  the   price  had  been  ^     • 

lowered,  the  revenue  had  been  no  Equal ...  10    0       10   0       10    0 

loser,  whilst  theconsumer  had  been  Of  course  such  a  change  in  tliese 

a  great  gainer.    He  quoted  a  table  Sugar  Duties  would  require  a  cor- 

showing  that  from  18S6  to  1841  responding  change  to  be  made  In 

every  &II  in  the  duty  on  sugar  had  the  duties  on  refined  and  double 

been  accompanied  by  a  rise  in  the  refined  white^Iayed  sugars,    and 

consumption,  and  every  rise  of  duty  on  molasses, 

by  a  ful  in  the  consumption;  a  Complaints  had  been  made  by 

fact  also  shown  by  the  returns  for  the  West  Indian  proprietors  of  the 

184&-7.    He  therefore  looked  to  differential  duty  on  rum.     Lsst 

a  large  consumption  of  sugar  for  year,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 

the  means  of  modifying  the  Act  of  chequer  had  proposed  that  the  dif- 


EnfUni.]  HISTORY.  [13 

f«reii(ial  da^  on  mm  Bbonld  be  sfaarpl;  accused  the  Government 

6i.    Some  difficult;  arooe  on  tlut  of  broking  &itli  nith  the  West 

propositioD,  and  the  Chancellor  of  Indies.       Lord    George  faateued 

the  Exchequer  raised   it  to  9d.,  a    serioos    imputation   upon    Mr. 

althoogfa  he  maintained  that  id.  Hawes,  of  having  withheld  from 

was  quite  sitfficient.     The  Chair-  the  Conunittee  on  the  West  Indies, 

man  of  the  Board  of  Excise  thought  for  fift^-six  dajs,  a  despatch  of 

that  id.  was  sufficient  as  a  differ-  Sir  Glurlea    Grey,    Governor  of 

eutial  dn^ ;  and  Lord  John  there-  Jamaica,  suggealing  a  plan  of  re- 

ibre  conld  not  agree  to  impose  a  lief  for  tiie  West  Indies, 
higher  differential  duty  on  rum       The  measure  was  attacked  on  free- 

Ihan  that  sam.      There  was  one  trade  groonds  hj  Mr.  Bright,  Mr. 

question  connected  with  this  rednc-  Cobden,  and  Mr.  Cliarles  Villiers ; 

lion  of  da^,  which  would  make  it  Mr.  Cobden  and  Mr.  Bright  calling 

neceasaiy  to  withdraw  the  permia-  upon  the  House  not  to  overlook  the 

sion  ^ven  last  jear  to  use  sugar  in  sufferings  of  their  own  fellow-coun- 

breweries.    With  regard  to  the  use  trymen  in  Yorkshire  and  Lanca- 

of  sugar  in  distilleries,  no  change  shire. 

in  the  present  law  would  be  made.         On  the    18th   the   auhject  was 

The  proposition  of  the  Govern-  renewed,  Sir  John  Pakington  pro- 

ment  was  received  with  &  good  deal  posing  an  amendment  coudemna- 

of  disapprobation  in  several  qoar-  toiy  of  the  MiniBterial  scheme  in 

ters  of  the  House.  the  fallowing  terms  : — 

Sir  Robert  Inglis  and  Sir  John  "  That  this  House,  considering 
Pakineton  condemned  it,  on  the  the  evidence  taken  during  the 
ground  that  it  would  encourage  present  Session  before  a  Select 
the  slave  trade.  Committee,  is  of  opinion  that  the 
Mr.  Bemal,  Mr.  Barkly,  Mr,  remedies  proposed  by  Her  Ma- 
Henry  Bsillie,  Mr.  Hume,  Mr.  jesty's  Government  for  the  great 
Henry  Drummond,  Mr.  Philip  distress  of  the  sagar^ro¥ring  pos- 
Hiles,  Mr.  Uenley,  Mr.  Hudson,  sessions  of  the  Crown,  and  which  _ 
and  Mr.  Evelyn  Denison,  all  con-  that  Committee  has  said  will  re-' 
demned  the  plan  as  totally  insuffi-  quire  the  immediate  application  of 
cient  to  avert  the  ruin  of  the  West  relief,  will  neither  effect  that  oh- 
Indies.  Mr.  Barkly  declared  that  ject,  nor  check  the  stimulus  to  the 
the  loan  of  600,0001.  would  be  slave  trade  which  the  diminution 
useless  for  purposes  of  immigra-  of  the  cultivation  of  sugar  in  those 
tiou — it  might  as  well  be  thrown  colonies  has  inevitablyoccasioned." 
into  the  sea.  Mr.  Bemal  claimed,  Th^  object  of  this  amendment,  he 
on  behalf  of  the  West  Indian  pro-  said,  was  not  to  create  embarrasK- 
prietors,  the  right  to  import  their  ment  and  delay,  but  to  rescue  the 
produce  into  this  coontiy  free  from  Colonies  from  the  danger  which 
all  duties  whatever,  was  impending  over  them.  He 
Mr.  Herries,  Lord  George  Ben-  did  not  argue  the  qneetion  ns  one 
tinck,  sad  Mr.  Distaeli,  vigorously  of  protection  or  anti-protection,  hut 
urged  both  objection^^the  encou-  contended  that  the  differential 
ragement  of  Uie  slave  trade,  and  duty  now  proposed  by  the  Govero- 
the  insufficient  aid  to  the  West  ment  was  quite  inadequate  to  tho 
Indies.  Mr.  Duraeli  called  it  a  present  crisis,  and  totally  incapable 
paltry  and  perilous  measure ;  and         affording  relief  to  the  distress 


14] 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [B»»l«i<I. 


of  Ui6  British  Colonies.  HeproTed 
tliia  bj  referring  to  the  comparative 
co3t  of  produoiDff  sugar  in  the 
British  West  Indies  and  in  the 
slave  colonies  of  Cuba  and  the 
BraziU.  He  aUo  objected  to  that 
psrtofXiord  John  Husseirs  scheme 
nhich  permitted  the  captured  Afri- 
eana  to  be  landed  in  tfamaioa  and 
the  other  West  Indian  islands 
free  of  coat,  on  the  ground  that  it 
may  lead  to  the  renewal  of  the 
slave  trade.  He  likewise  oom< 
plained  of  the  mode  in  which  the 
Act  of  1846  had  been  passed,  and 
of  the  rasnltB  which  it  had  pro- 
duced in  the  West  Indies.  No  leas 
than  eighteen  mercandle  houses  in 
the  Weat  Indies  had  already  be- 
come bankrupt,  and  if  the  present 
state  of  things  continued,  other 
firms  must  be  involved  in  the  same 
ruin.  He  ahowed  that  equally 
melanoholj  reaults  had  been  pro- 
duced by  the  same  cause  in  the 
Mauritius  and  in  the  East  Indies; 
and  quoted  the  opinions  of  the 
moat  competent  authorities  in  all 
ourColoniea  to  prove  that  onr  sugar 
planters  oould  not  cultivate  their 
estates  to  advantage  without  com- 
petent protection.  He  then  turned 
to  that  portion  of  the  subject  which 
is  connected  with  slavery  and  the 
slave  trade,  and  contended  that  the 
Aot  of  I64S  had  increased  both  loan 
extent  almost  incalculable.  If  we 
wished  to  exterminate  tlie  slave 
trade  we  must  enable  the  British 
planter  to  enter  Into  competition 
with  slave  labour,  and  to  do  that 
we  must  give  him  competent  pro- 
tection. He  therefore  implored 
the  House  to  retr«oe  iu  st«pe,  as  it 
valued  the  dependencies  of  the 
British  Crown  and  the  reputation 
and  character  of  this  Christian 
land. 

Sir  E.   Buxton   seconded   the 
amendment,   thoogh  he  did    not 


approaoh  tlia  question  a1t4^ether 
with  the  same  views  as  Sir  J. 
Pakington.  The  true  policy '  of 
this  country  was,  he  thought,  to 
exclude  from  its  shores  all  slave- 
labour  sugar,  and  to  admit  from 
every  country,  vrithout  any  restric- 
tion, sugar  the  prodnoe  of  free 
labour.  He  was  anxious  to  let  the 
people  of  England  have  sugar  at  a 
low  pnoe ;  but  he  firmly  believed 
that  if  they  were  informed  that 
they  could  not  have  low-priced 
sugar  without  the  destruction  of 
the  man  who  made  it,  they  would 
reject  it  with  abhorrence,  and  would 
gladly  give  a  higher  price  for  the 
sugar  raised  by  the  freeman. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
had  listened  to  the  speeches  of  the 
mover  and  seconder  of  the  amend- 
ment with  great  attention,  in  the 
vainhope  that  be  should  findin  some 
portion  of  them  a  aubatitute  for  the 
measure  of  the  Government  which 
the^  condemned  ;  but  with  all  his 
desire  to  dive  into  the  meaning  of 
Sir  J.  Fakington's  amendment,  he 
could  not  make  out  either  what  he 
would  do  for  the  relief  of  the  West 
Indian  planter,  or  what  protection 
he  would  grant  to  hia  augar.  Sir 
E.  Buxton  was  somewhat  more  ex- 
plicit, for  hs  proposed  the  perpetual 
exclusion  of  slave-labour  sugar; 
but,  unfortunately.  Parliament  had 
already  decided  against  that  pro- 
position, as  well  as  against  the 
perpetual  high  protective  duty  to 
which  Sir  J.  Pakington  appeared 
inclined.  He  then  proceeded  to 
contend,  In  opposition  to  the  same 
seotlemen,  that  the  Act  of  1848 
had  not  caused  that  increase  of 
slavery  and  the  slave  trade  which 
had  been  attributed  to  it;  that 
neither  slavery  nor  the  slave  bade 
could  be  put  down  by  high  protec- 
tive duties  ;  and  tiiat  the  only 
mode  of  extinguishing  either  was 


Biytow*.]                    HISTORY.  [15 

})j  Mtablialiiiig  the  ■nperior  ohesp-  it  were  carried  it  weald  compel 
new  of  free  I^iour.  He  admicied  the  GoTemmeut  to  reeoniider  liie 
that  there  was  no  hope  of  reetunng  whole  of  this  eut^ect.  After  a 
the  proaperity  of  the  West  Indiei,  itrong  attack  on  tho  political  eoo- 
aolw  we  could  enable  their  nomiate,  whom  he  charaDteriaed  aa 
planters  to  compete  anccesefiil]/  doll  deceivers,  who  were  eometimes 
with  the  pUntero  in  Cuba  and  in  right  in  their  deeimala  but  always 
the  firazila ;  and  at  the  risk  of  wrong  in  their  millions,  he  ex- 
being  lectured  by  Mr.  Ellice  as  bresaed  himself  unable  to  conceive 
Lord  J.  Rossell  had  been  for  how  the  country,  which  had  ao 
alluding  to  the  extravagance  of  the  noblv  abolished  alavery  in  1807, 
West  Indies,  he  would  repeat,  that  could  have  passed  the  Act  of  1840, 
one  mode  of  enabling  them  to  which  not  only  encoutaged  slavery 
meet  that  canpetition  was  the  di-  but  also  renewed  the  slave  trade,  or 
minotion  of  their  expenses,  and  how  it  could  accede  to  a  proposition 
eapecially  of  the  coat  of  managing  like  the  present,  It  was  true  that 
their  estatea.  After  showing  that  the  Act  of  1846  had  rendered  sugar 
protection  had  operated  very  in-  cheap ;  but  did  the  House  nefet 
jurioDsly  in  the  West  Indies  by  hear  of  parties  selling  their  wares 
iucreaaiog  the  rate  of  wages,  which  at  a  tremendous  sacrifice  ?  Many 
wai  an  essential  ingredient  in  the  of  our  plsntera  were  already 
price  of  production,  he  argued  at  ruined,  and  those  who  were  not 
great  length  that  Oovemment  were  declining  businees ;  and  the 
would  defeat  its  own  olyeot  if  it  result  would  be  that  the  supply  of 
were  to  restore  the  high  protectioa  sugar  would  diminish,  and  before 
which  formerly  existed,  and  that  long  the  price  wonld  again  increase, 
the  best  plan  for  renewing  the  He  should  have  gladly  given  his 
prosperity  of  the  West  Indies  and  vote  in  favour  of  a  lOt.  discrimi- 
(br  auppreesing  the  slave  trade  nating  duty  against  alt  foreign 
would  be  the  plan  of  the  Govern-  sugar ;  but,  aa  that  question  was 
meat, which  gave  at  once  a  free  sup.  not  at  present  before  the  House, 
plyoflabourtothose  colonies  which  he  should  vote  in  favour  of  8ir  J. 
wanted  it,  and  an  extension  for  Fakington'a  amendment. 
three  years  longer  of  the  moderate  Mr.  Hume  rose  as  a  free  trader 
protection  now  in  foree.  He  then  to  show  that  £ree  trade  had  nothing 
travelled  over  mocb  of  the  same  to  do  with  the  queatiou  then  before 
^nnd  as  on  Friday  last,  defend-  the  House.  Free  trade  could  only 
mg  the  Government  resolutions  in  operate  where  the  parties  were  in 
all  their  details,  and  contending  like  (nroumstances,  and  where  both 
that  whilst  thev  were  beneficial  to  could  apply  the  same  otQects  to 
the  West  Indies,  they  were  not  the  same  ends.  Now,  it  was  the 
iignrious  to  the  consumers  in  this  opinion  of  Mr.  Deacon  Hume  that 
country.  He  also  maintained  that  if  the  British  West  Indies  could 
no  ii^ury  would  accrue  to  the  re-  be  placed  on  a  footing  of  equality 
venue  from  the  changes  now  pro-  with  Cuba  or  Porto  ^co,  they 
posed,  as  they  were  calculated  to  would  be  able  to  compete  with 
produce  an  increased  consumption  them  successfully ;  and  that  gen- 
of  sugar.  tleman  entertained  that  opinion 
Mr.  Seymer  snnported  the  with  great  oonfidence,  beoause,  up 
amendment,   in  the  nope  that  if  to  a  recent  period,  this  oounlxy  had 


16]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  \E„,l,nd- 

been  die  great  mart  for  the  sugar,  be  better  to  let  them  die  qnickl; 

oofiee.andTumof  the  West  Indies,  than  to  keep  them  in  a  lingering 

"  But,"  Boid  he,  "  nhen  ^ou  abo-  and  painfiil  existence.  For  hia  own 

lished  BlaTei7  you  depnved  the  part,  he  was  of  opinion  that  if  we 

British  planter  of  the  labour  which  were  to  withdraw  our  squadron 

he  enjoyed  before  in  common  with  from  the  coast  of  Africa,  and  apply 

the  Spanish  colonist;  and  until  the  expense  of  it  to  the  relief  of 

you  have  again  placed  him  on  a  the  distress  in  the  West  Indies,  in 

level  with  his  rivals  in  that  re-  ten  years   their  proBperity  would 

spect,  you  cannot  call  upon  him  to  be  restored,  and  all  their  distress 

meet  the  competition  of  free  trade."  would  Tsnisb. 

The  British  planter  therefore  had  The  debate  after  Mr.  Hume's 

a  cloAn  to  a  discriminating  duty,  speech  was  adjourned,  and  on  the 

not  as  a  matter  of  favour,  but  as  a  following  night  was  resumed ;  Mr. 

matter  of  right     And  why?    Be-  P.  Miles  and  Lord  George  Ben* 

cause  every  arrangement  into  which  tinck  opposing    the   Govemmeut 

Great   Britain   had   entered  with  plan,  and  Mr,  Hawes  defending  it. 

him  at  the  period  of  emancipation  The  discussion  now  assumed  a  veiT 

had  been  grossly  violated.  He  had,  personal  shape,  Lord  G.  Bentinck 

therefore,  not  had  the  requisite  accusing    the   Colonial  Office  in 

means  for  the   cultivation  of  his  round   terms   of  suppressing  im- 

eslates,  and  hence  his  present  dis-  portant  information,    in  order   to 

tress.  He  believed  that  free  labour  keep  the  House  and  the  public  in 

was  the  only  mode  by  which  you  the  dark  as  to  the  real  predicament 

could  put  down  slave  labour;  but  oftheColonies.  Mr.  Hawes  warmly 

his  complaint  was,  that  the  colo-  repelled  the  imputation,  and  Lord 

nblshad  never  hadau opportunity  of  John  Russell  coming  to  the  asaist- 

giving  free  labour  a  fair  trial.  The  ance  of  his  colleagues,  esnecially  of 

Colonial  Office  had  prevented  that  Earl  Giey,  attacked  Lord  G.  Ben- 

—the  Colonial  Office,  which  from  tinck  with  great  warmth  and  per- 

first  to  last  had  always  been  a  sonali^.     The  following  passage 

nuisance.  Fortunate  would  it  have  will    exhibit  a  specimen    of  the 

been  for  the  Colonies  if  that  Office  tone  of  this  unusually  acrimonious 

had  been  locked  up,  for,  if  we  had  diecussion.      Lord   John    Russell 

'    allowed  them  to  manage  their  own  said : — 

afbirs,  they  would  have  known  no-  "Ingeneral,  with  regard  to  those 

thing  of  this  distress.     As  we  had  matters,    it  is  quite  evident  that 

not  allowed  them  the  labour  which  these    menu    frauds^-^hese    ex- 

they  wanted,  and  as  the  loes  of  tremely  disgraceful  tricky — which 

that  labour  had  occasioned  high  the  noble  Lord  imputes  to  my  noble 

H-ages,  we  ought  to  consider  whe-  friend — are  not  the  faults  and  the 

ther  we  could  not  restore  the  con-  characteristics  of  men  high  in  office 

fidence  which   we   had  destroyed  in  this  country.      They  are  the 

by  giring  them  a  supply  of  labour,  characteristics  of  men  who  are  eu- 

and  that  protection  which  we  had  gsged  in  pursuits  which  the  noble 

promised    hut    had    subsequently  Lord  long  followed.     {Loud  ciie»  of 

withdrawn.     He   was   of  opinion  'Oh.ohV  and grtat uproar.)  Some 

that  the  measure  of  Government  time  ago,   the   noble  Lord  very 

would  have  no  effect  in  restoring  greatly  dislinguished   himself  by 

their  prosperity,  and  that  it  would  detecthig  a  fraud  of  this  nature — 


Engimi:]                    HISTORY.  [17 

(loud  cAwrt  and  counur^heen) —  tinck  dediiMd  toBiBkeanydiatmcl 

withicspecttothenameaadageofft  retractation  of  Ub  former  charges, 

bone;  *  traosaction  in  nUch  he  and  after  moch  fmicless  altercation 

showed  \Brj  great  quickness  of  ap-  the  debate  on  the  main  question 

prefaensioi)."    {Great  eonfution.)  was  resumed.     Mr.  ikmai  began 

Lord  John    continued  bia    re-  \ij  laying  before  the  House  some 

mariis   in  the  same  tone,  inter-  personal  knowledge  of  the  depreci- 

mpted  by  renewed  bursts  of  angiy  atlon  and  ruin  tbatwas  overspread- 

intermption,   and  applause  mm  ing  planters'  estates  in  Jamaica. 

his  own  side.  He,  however,  announced  his  in- 

Ur.  Dianeli  took  up  the  qnarrel.  tention  of  giving  his  vote  in  favour 
He  soggeeted  that  charges  of  this  of  Lord  John  Russell's  proposition, 
nature  were  not  to  be  disposed  of  although  he  was  not  a  warm  ad- 
by  appeals  to  high  station  or  pedi-  mirer  either  of  that  plan  or  of  any 
gree.  Lord  George  BentinCk'a  in-  other  that  had  been  proposed, 
defatigable  spirit  of  investigation  Sir  James  Graham  rapidly  re- 
and  coniage  were  not  to  be  cowed  viewed  the  oircumslances  of  the 
by  any  bravo,  whatever  his  position  first  infringement  of  the  policy  of 
— not  to  be  bullied  either  in  the  excluding  from  this  country  the 
ring  or  on  the  Treasury  bench,  sugarofslave-labonrcountries;  and 
In  the  matter  of  the  horse.  Lord  he  defended  the  Act  of  1845  on  the 
George  had  been  thanked  by  a  whole  case  as  it  then  stood.  He 
meeting  at  Newmarket,  the  chair-  admitted,  however,  as  an  imper- 
mao  of  which  meeting  was  the  fection  of  that  Act.  that  prominency 
Duke  of  Bedford.  This  was  not  the  bad  not  been  given  in  it  to  the 
first  time  that  despatches  had  been  question  of  encouragement  or  non- 
treated  nnttttis&ctorily  by  an  Ad-  encouragement  of  the  slave-trade, 
ministration.  The  Honse  might  The  steps  following  that  Act  were 
remember  the  suppressions  in  the  a  necessary  seqnel  to  the  first  steps 
de^iatchea  of  Sir  Alexander  Bumes.  taken  in  the  new  course :  the  sub- 

Sereral  other  members  took  part  ject  was  one  of  great  difficulty,  but 
in  the  contention,  and  warm  re-  the  balance  was  in  favour  of  tbs 
criminations  were  interchanged,  course  taken.  The  Act  of  1646 
ontil  Mr.  Hawes  was  called  to  order  received  Sir  James's  unwilling  sup- 
by  the  Speaker.  Lord  Palmerston  port,  on  the  grounds  stated  by  Sir 
interposed  with  an  ingenious  and  Robert  Peel.  He  now  opposed  a 
good-nnmoured  speech,  endeavour-  ten-shilling  protective  duty  for  six 
inglohealtbebreeehbyexploiniug  years,  as  inexpedient  for  the  co- 
Ihe  afbir  to  have  originated  in  a  Ionics  themselves,  from  its  probable 
misconception  between  Kir.  Goul-  effects  in  exaggerating  the  compe- 
bum  and  Mr.  Hawes.  The  debate  tition  for  labour,  and  raising  ^vages. 
was  again  adjourned,  and  on  its  He  had  also  a  more  general  ground 
resumption  the  personal  iuputa-  of  objection.  On  the  first  night  of 
tions  affecting  the  Colonial  Ad-  this  session  Mr.  Disraeli  had  re- 
ministration  again  became  the  sub-  ferred  to  a  prophecy  made  by  him 
ject  of  discussion.  Mr.  Dawes  two  years  ago,  ^at  there  would  be 
entered  into  a  lengthened  explana-  areaclion  in  our  commercial  policy; 
tion  of  the  facts  affecting  the  and  he  now  triumphed  in  what  he 
despatches  alleged  to  have  been  believed  ti>  be  the  nearaccomplisb- 
mppressed,  bntLord  George  Ben-  ment  of  that  prophecy — bebelieved 
yoL.  XC.  [C] 


18]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  VSngland. 

that  tfae  time  had  arrived  when  the prifDo necwmiea of  lifo.  lam 
tbatreacUonwouldcommence.  Nor  satisfied  you  moat  be  mcMt  oanlioaB 
vas  tliat  all  ■  Lord  Stanley  had  the  not  to  let  anything  enhance  the 
other  night,  in  another  plaoe,  asked  prioes  of  artiolesof  the  flrat  necea- 
foraprolongationofthetimeduring  eity.  Cheap  sugar  is  not  to  be 
which  the  existing  Com  Law  waa  laughed  at,  sotwitbilanding  the 
to  continue;  and  Ur.  Herrieahad  anathema  of  the  Duke  of  Rioh- 
deliberately  given  it  sa  his  opinion  mond.  Sugar  enters  into  the  eom- 
tbat  nothing  would  be  really  effec-  forta  of  every  family;  it  ia  the  only 
tnal  lor  the  relief  of  the  West  little  luxury  that  many  fomilies  can 
Indies  except  a  diacriminatJng  duty  et^oy;  it  renders  palatable  their 
approaohing  in  its  character  to  a  rice,  their  gruel,  their  cront,  their 
prohibition.  Why,  if  we  were  to  indifferent  toa  and  coffee.  It  is 
revert  to  a  system  of  prohibitory  our  duty,  as  far  as  poasible,  to 
duties  on  foreign  sugar,  and  if,  cheapen  everything.  When  it  be- 
under  the  terms  lately  issued  by  comes  a  question  of  reactloD  and  of 
the  Protection  Society  and  signed  prohibitory  duties,  I  oppose  myself 
by  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  the  idea  to  reaction;  for  I  believe  that  in 
of  cheapneea  was  to  be  made  the  the  present  state  of  the  countir 
snl)jeot  of  ridicule  and  soom,  then  that  policy  is  impractioable  —  if 
he  would  at  once  say,  to  any  praotioable,  most  lungeroua;  and 
Bttch  reaction  he  was  opposed.  In  if  carried  into  effeot  I  ^uld 
passing,  he  would  advert  to  what  tremble  for  the  consequences.  I 
had  been  said  with  respect  to  most  sincerely  intend  to  give  my 
cheap  sugar,  and  the  connexion  vote  against  the  amendment." 
which  the  noble  Lord  said  there  The  debate  again  adjourned  vraa 
existed  between  cheap  production  continued  at  great  length,  llie 
and  low  wages.  He  did  not  shrink  Oovernment  plan  waa  opposed  on 
from  that  declaration.  His  official  Anti-Slavery  grounds  by  Sir  Robert 
expenence—  Inglls,  on  Protectionist  grounds  by 

Lord  Oeorge  BenCinok— "  Yon  the  Marquis  of  Grsnby  and  Ur. 

have  sUted  it  both  ways."  Urquhart.     Ur.  Munta  otgeoted  to 

Sir  James  Orahsm — "Thattaunt  re-open  the  settlement  of  1845. 
blla  upon  me  harmlessly.  No  taunt  Mr.  Labouchere  defended  the  Mini- 
can  now  drive  me  from  office,  to  sterial  scheme,  hut  without  novelty 
make  way  for  others.  I  have  no  of  ai^ument. 
power  which  the  noble  Lord  or  Mr.  Barkly  defended  the  planters 
others  may  desire  to  deprive  me  of,  from  exploded  charges  which  had 
to  bestow  it  elsewhere.  I  desire  no-  been  renewed  by  Mr.  Hawes,  and 
thing  but  to  speak  the  plain  truth,  corrected  that  gentleman's  stato- 
I  was  formerly  of  opinion  that  low  ment  in  several  details;  giving  hia 
prices  made  low  wages;  butmyoffl-  own  personal  experience  gathered 
oial  experience  seems  to  gustily  the  on  the  spot.  He  showed  that 
oonolusion  that  high  pnces  make  the  unremuneralive  condition  of 
low  wages;  and  that  the  effects  si^ar-planting  does  not  arise  from 
of  low  wages  fall  most  heavily  on  abaenteeism  or  careless  cnltivatjon. 
the  working  classes  at  a  time  when  He  described  the  exertions  of  a 
they  are  least  able  to  bear  that  planter  who  had  spent  6,0001.  or 
evil,  because  then  they  are  in  a  7,0001.  and  great  personal  exertion 
condition  tibe  least  able  to  purchase  without  suocess.    In  Berhloe,  he 


JSnflmt.}  HISTORY.  [19 

tKW  a  peiwm  who  had  lived  on  hit  exprasaing  hie  doep  Bjmpathy  with 
omi  etlate  for  firtj  jesrs ;  two  years  the  diatreaa  of  oar  Oolonies  in  the 
be&n  Ur.  Bai'kl;r'"  ^i^U  he  hod  West  Indiea — Colonies  ^rbioh  had 
nfiiaed  for  hia  propertj  60,000/.,    stood  by  us  unflinctdnglj  duiing 

ofiiBTad  by  a  noUraiBiL  now  in  the  the  American  and  the  French  re- 

Honae  of  Peara ;  whan  Mr.  Borkly  volutions,  and  had  been  the  con-   ■ 

n«  him,  that  penon  had  aold  his  duoton  liy  which  the  temfwst  of 

estate  for  1000  doUara,  and  was  war  had  on  both  oooaaions  been 

tbm  linng  on  an  allowanoe  grantad  averted  from  our  own  shoree.  There 

to  him  by  his  former  manager :  the  were,    however,    social   relations 

manager  had  onwsed  orer  to  the  eonnected  with  those  Colonies  <^ 

Dutch  alaTe-faolding  colony,  and  even  still  higher  value  than  poli- 

thers  BOOD  amaased  a  fortone.  tieal  relations.    The  smaller  the 

Mr.  Goolbum  took  a  view  similar  white  population  was  in  them,  the 
to  Mr.  Ghtdstooe's;  but,  although  more  important  was  it  for  the  pur 
he  dtsdaimed  a  recurrenoe  to  pro-  poaee  of  ciTillzation,  humanity,  and 
tection,  leaning  more  to  that  side;  religion,  that  we  should  oome  for- 
and  also  differing  in  his  practical  ward  to  protect  them.  Their  dis- 
ctmelnaiona  aa  to  the  rata  which  ha  tress  was  now  admitted  on  all 
shoohl  give-  He  obaerrad  that  hands,  and  there  was  a  general 
the  gentlemen  oppoatte  came  desire  to  remedy  it.  On  this  oc- 
into  office  on  the  6th  of  July,  casion  he  would  not  say  anything 
184S;  and  on  the  SlOth  of  July,  of  the  interesta  of  the  consumer, 
after  fbarteen  dajB*  considera-  but  would  apply  himaelf  to  those 
tion,  catting  short  iho  espeiiment  of  the  ooloniata  abne.  Her  Ma- 
then  in  progFBBs,  they  came  down  jeep's  Oovemment  had  made  pro- 
to  the  House  aiid  proposed  a  total  posals  for  their  relief,  and  Sir  John 
change  in  the  system  Uiat  had  been  Fakington  had  called  on  the  House 
for  aome  time  previous  in  opera-  to  refttse  oonsideration  of  those  pro- 
tion.  They  eslled  for  the  ssseot  posals,  and  on  the  Govenunent  to 
of  Parliament  to  the  measure  which  bring  forward  a  better  plan,  or  else 
they  proposed,  and  pledged  upon  it  to  leave  others  the  introduction  of 
the  existence  of  the  Government,  one.  The  West  Indies  were  look- 
He  for  one  gave  his  assent  to  the  ing  to  this  country  for  a  remedy, 
schema  brought  forward  in  these  and  if  the  proposals  of  Goveroroeut 
cirenmstancea,  not  that  he  approved  were  condemned  as  unworthy  of 
of  tha  measure  itself,  but  because  consideration,  the  news  would  be 
he  thought  there  was  a  possibility  wafted  in  great  triomph  to  them, 
that  (he  Colonies  might  escape  the  and  the  next  day  would  bring  back 
destruction  that  many  persona  fore-  a  demand  for  new  remedies.  He 
told  was  certain  to  ensue;  and  be-  then  discussed  the  merits  of  Lord 
eanse  at  that  particular  moment  G.  Bentinck's  plan,  and  look  a 
there  was,  as  it  appeared  to  him,  rapidreviewofthepresentposition 
danger  In  the  general  interests  of  of  the  West  Indies.  Having  done 
the  em^re  from  another  change  of  that,  he  asked  whether,  if  he  agreed 
Administta^on,  which,  in  his  mind,  to  tiie  amendment,  he  could  go 
outweighed  theee  chances  of  mis-  back  to  the  measure  of  1844,  and 
fortune  that  were  likely  to  &11  on  re-establish  the  distinction  between 
the  Colotbea,  slave-labour  and  free-labour  sugar? 

Sir  Bobert  Feel  commenced  by  He  thought  that  he  could  not.    In 
[C2]  ,...-..  ^^.- 


20]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Enfftand. 

1846  he  agreed  to  the  law  which  plopaent.     If  yon  were  to  bave 

put  an  end  to  that  distinction,  Emd  immifration  at  all,  you  should  have 

he  could  not  shrink  from  the  vote  it  at  the  cost  of  private  speculation, 

which  he  then  gave.      He  there-  He  would,  therefore,  facilitate  the 

fore  could  not  hold  out  anj  hopes  enterprise  of  individual  proprietora 

to  the  West  India  interest  in  that  to  obtain  labour  in  every  possible 

direction;  neither  could  he  hold  way,  taking  care  at  the  same  lime 

out  to  them  any  hopes  from  the  that  no  ^und  ahonld  be  afforded 

reduction  of  Colonial  expenditure,  for  the  imputation  that  we  were 

although  he  thought  that  that  ex-  recurring  to  the  slave  trade.    He 

penditure  admitted  of  great  reduc-  begged  Government  to  consider  the 

tion,  and  ought  to  be  reduced  to  best    mode  of  extending  to  tlie 

the  narrowest  limits.    The  pay-  Colonies  the  pecuniary  relief  which 

mentof  the  salaries  of  our  Colonial  they  had  determined  to  grant,  and 

Governors  by  the  Home  Govern-  suggested  that  their  presentscbeme 

ment,  and  the  passing  of  police  might  be  ameliorated  by  devoting 

laws  for  the  prevention  of  vagrancy  the  public  funds  to  private  reme- 

and  squatting,  were  measures  to  be  diee  against  drought  by  irrigation, 

reoommended,  but  were  not  mea-  better  draining,  and  varions  other 

Bures  to  remove  the  existing  dis-  measures  of   local  improvement, 

tress.     He  then  referred  to  the  He  came  to  the  last  of  the  two  sug- 

measures  of  relief  to  be  derived  gestions  which  he  had  just  men- 

from  the  reduction  of  differential  tioned — a  lOs.  protecting  duty  for 

duties  on  rum  to  id.  a  gallon,  from  six  years.     Now,  if  hs  could  vote 

the  repeal  of  the  Navigation  Laws,  for  that,    he   would  vote  for  the 

and  from  the  withdrawal  of  our  amendment  of  Sir  J.  Fokington; 

squadron  from  the  coast  of  Africa,  but  he  could  not  vote  for  that 

and  delivered  his  opinion  on  each  amendment   without   giving    the 

of  them.    He  then  observed  that  West  India  body  a  right  to  expect 

there  were  only  two  other  eug-  thathewouldgiTethemthatamount 

gestions  of  any  importance  left  for  of  duty.     He  was,  therefore,  pre- 

themidgationofWestlodiaBufier-  pared  to  vote  against  it  from  a 

ing.     The  first  of  them  was,  that  sinuereandconscientionsconviction 

there  should  be  a  great  supply  of  that  such  protection  was  not  for  the 

labour  by  immigration ;  and  the  benefit  of  the  West  Indies  them- 

aecond,  that  there  should  be  direct  selves.    Having  given  his  reasons 

assbtonce  given  to  them  by  this  for  that  conviction  at  some  length, 

country  by  the  increase  and  con-  he  observed  that  the  beet  plan  of 

tinuance  of  protection  to  their  pro-  benefiting  the  West  Indies  was  to 

duce.  Now  Her  Majesty's  Govern-  reduce  the  cost  of  cultivation  to 

ment  had  proposed  a  loan  of  public  the  planter,  so  as  to  enable  him  to 

money  for  the  first  purpose.    For  enter  into  competition  with  the 

his  own  part,  he  did  not  attach  foreign  cultivator.    He  could  not 

much  importance  to  this  increased  hold  out  any  hope  of  carrying  that 

supply  of  labour.     To  pour  in  a  plan  into  execution,  and,  Uierefore, 

large  number  of  Coolies  or  other  he  must  again  decline  to  vote  in 

strangers  would  be  injudicious;  for  favour  of  the   amendment.      He 

you  would  only  be  adding  to  the  would  not  say  anything  upon  the 

population  of  the  Colonies  without  scheme  of  the  Government,  for  it 

providing  it  with  permanent  em-  was  not  regularly  before  the  House 


Englmi.] 


HISTORY. 


[21 


•t  present.  He  did  not  despair  of 
tbe  West  Indies;  bat  he  was  con- 
vinced, that  if  ve  were  to  allow 
them  a  monopoly  of  the  Briiish 
mariEet.  it  would  not  tend  to  their 
prosperity.  There  might  now  be  a 
temporary  prosperity  in  the  slava 
colooiee  of  Cuba  and  Brazils;  but 
he  most  be  blind  to  the  signs  of 
the  times  who  thought  that  slave 
labour  could  be  nltimately  main- 
tained in  those  colonies.  In  bothof 
them  there  nas  no  confidence  in  the 
continuance  of  their  prosperity. 
At  no  time,  and  under  no  circnm- 
■tances,  coald  a  Goveniment  be 
seenre  which  contained  within  it- 
self the  accursed  system  of  slavery. 
If  he  could  suppose  that  a  tem- 
porary profeection  would  mitigate 
the  faoiTors  of  that  ayateiD,  he  would 
vole  for  such  a  protection  at  once; 
but  it  would  not  produce  any  miti- 
gation. He  reminded  the  West 
IndioDS  that  there  were  other  cir- 
comstances  at  present  which  ag- 
gnvated  the  insecurity  of  all  slave 
states.  The  mighty  heavings  of  the 
eonvalsion  in  France  had  already 
been  felt  at  the  other  side  of  the 
Atlantic.  They  were  already  read- 
ing lemons  by  which  Cuba  and  the 
United  States  ought  to  take  warn- 
ing. There  was  an  increasing 
sympathy  at  present  vrith  the  slave ; 
and  he  who  imported  a  slave  into 
any  country  stood  in  slippery  places, 
and  should  take  heed  lest  he  fall. 
He  believed  that  the  doom  of 
alaveiy  was  fixed,  and  that  the  slave 
at  nodistant  period  would  be  eman- 
cipated, and  would  stand,  in  the 
eloqnent  language  of  Curran,  "  re- 
deemed, regenerated,  and  disen- 
thralled, by  the  irreeistible  prin- 
ciple of  universal  emandpalion." 

Lord  John  Rnssetl,  in  reply, 
pointed  ont  the  futili^  involved  in 
the  amendment  of  Sir  J.  Paking- 
toD,  inAsmnch  as  many  gentlemen 


who  intended  to  vote  for  it  wonld 
not  vote  for  his  remedies  for  the 
West  Indies.  The  only  effect  of 
his  success  would  be  to  destroy 
the  proposition  of  the  Oovemment; 
it  would  not  enable  him  to  advance 
a  step  on  his  road  to  the  protection 
of  West  India  produce.  His  Lord- 
ship then  proceeded  to  enforce  bis 
former  arguments  and  observations 
in  support  of  the  scheme  of  Go- 
vernment. In  the  course  of  his 
remarks  he  replied  to  Sir  B.  Peel's 
question,  whether  the  loan  of 
500,000/.  could  not  be  appropriated 
to  other  purposes  thtui  those  of 
immigration,  by  stating  that  the 
multiplicity  and  vario^  of  the  ap- 
plications would  render  it  impos- 
sible to  advance  it  to  individual 
applicants.  If  there  were  any 
great  works  undertaken  in  the 
West  Indies  which  were  calculated 
to  increase  their  produce,  or  if  any 
great  plan  were  devised  for  irri- 
gating the  country  and  for  remov- 
mg  droiight  by  better  drainage,  he 
should  have  no  objection  to  extend 
the  appropriation  of  the  loan  to 
such  purposes.  He  then  replied 
at  considerable  length  to  the  speech 
of  Mr.  Gladstone  on  the  discrimi- 
nating daties,  and  that  of  Sir  B. 
Inglis  on  the  increase  of  slaveiy 
and  the  slave  trade. 

On  a  division  there  appeared, — 


16 

Upon  going  into  Committee  on 
the  80th  June,  Mr.  Bright  re- 
opened the  discussion  with  a  new 
amendment,  viz.:  that  it  is  not 
expedient  to  make  any  alteration 
in  the  Sugar  Dutiea  Act  of  1846. 
He  observed  that  hitherto  the  de- 


22]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [EnsUind. 

bftU  had  turned  on  Hw  question,  p1et9  as  tbat  of  1646,  both  as  re- 

wbether   the    Committee  should  garded  the  revenue,  theproducer, 

agree  to  the  small  protection  pro-  and   the  consumer.      Why  then 

I»eed  hj  the  Government,  or  to  disturb  a  settlement  bo  recently 

the  lai^e  protection  that  was  pro-  made,  which  bad  been  productive 

posed  bj  members  on  the  otfaer  of  bo  much  benefit  to  the  comforta, 

side.      One  great  party  in  this  indneti?,  and  exports  of  this  coon- 

tnuosaotion  had  been  entirely  for-  try?    Mr.  Wilson,  before  his  sue- 

gotten.   Great  sympathy  had  been  cession  to  the  Administradon,  had 

exhibited  for  the  colonists,   and  made  it  as  6lear  as  demonstration 

also  for   the  slaves;    but    non«  could  mt^e  any  conclusion,  that 

had    been    expressed    in    behalf  the  protection  which  he  now  ad- 

of  the   consumers    of    sugar   at  vooited  would  do  no  good,    hut 


home.  On  their  behalf  he  im- 
plored the  HoQse  and  the  Govern- 
ment not  to  alter  the  Act  of  1846 
and  he  did  so  because  he  was  con 
vinoed,  that  after  the  20,000,000/. 
which  it  had  pud  for  the  emanci- 


much  harm,  to  the  West  Indian 
interest,  to  whom  he  now  offered 
it  as  a  tioon.  Sir  R.  Peel,  in  his 
speech  last  night,  had  made  the 
same  declaration,  and  he  therefota 
expected  that  the  right  hon.  ba- 


padon  of  the  negroes,  and  after  ronet  would  notoppose,  but  support 

the30,000,OOOI.whichit  hodgiven  his  amendment  Having  submitted 

to  the  planters  by  means  of  the  -Lord  J.  Russell's  speech  of  last 

iirot«ction  which  they  hod  enjoyed  night  to  ft  very  severe  criiJcism, 

brthelasteleven years, Parliament  and  having  pointed  out  the  Diani- 

owed  nothing   to    the    colonists,  fold  inconsistencies  which  it  oon- 

whilst  it  owed  a  great  deal  to  the  tained,  he  accused  his  Lordship  of 

consumers  of  this   country,   who  having  done  much  mischief  in  dia- 

had  been  deeply  wronged  by  the  turbing  the  principle  of  free  trade 

protection    granted   for  so   many  as  applied  to  sugar,  ond  warned 

years  to  the  sugar  growers.     He  him  to  be  cautious  of  disturbing  it 

therefore  protested    against  Par-  as  applied  to  com.   If  his  Lordship 

liament  now   taxing   the   people  ventured  upon  Buoh  a  vagary  he 

of  England    to   the    amount   of  would  not  escape  even  with  a  mt- 

8,000,000/.    or    3,000,000/.    an-  jorityof  16,  asbehadthatmoniin^. 

nually,  for  the  benefit  of  the  West  Indeed,  he  ou^ht  to  make  np  his 

Indiui   interest.     He    reminded  mind  to  provide  for  the  present 

Lord  J.  Russell  that  his  Cabinet  defalcation  in  the  revenue,  befbrs 

had  been  broken  up  in  1841,  and  he  made  a  further  gap  in  it  by  ap- 

Sir.  R,  Peel's  Cabinet  in  1646,  on  plying  600,000/.  wrung  from  the 

Uus  very  question  of  protection ;  pockets  of  the  poor  to  the  support 

nud  that  even  this  morning  the  of  an  experiment  which  even  the 

Ministry   had    been    in   artundo  West  Indian  body  repudiated. 

moTtit,  bod  received  extreme  unc-  Mr.   Bright's   amendment  was 

tion,    and  hod  only  been  saved  opposed,  on  behalf  of  the  colonial 

from  dissolution  by  the  votes  of  interests,  by  Mr.  Gran tley  Berkeley, 

15  members,  who  differed  from  Mr.  Bagshaw,    Mr.    Tollemsche, 

it  m  toto  OS  to  the  mode  of  relief.  Mr.  Hastie,  and  Lord  Nugent. — 

Never  had  a  measure  been  passed  On  the  part  of  the  Government 

by  Failiament  of  which  the  success  by  Mr.  Wilson  and  Sir  Charles 

had  been  so  immediate  and  com-  Wood.    The  latl«r  expressed  hie 


BitgtMd.] 


HISTORY. 


[S8 


;  in  gnat  part  of  Mr. 
Sti^fB  jmnciplM  and  speech; 
but,  while  hs  contended  that,  the 
Uiniflenal  proposition  would  not 
itguie  the  revenue,  he  maintained 
that  QoTemment  was  bound  to 
attempt  a  <dwok  to  that  destniotion 
of  propertj  which  was  threatened 
in  the  West  Indies,  from  the  utter 
want  of  credit.  He  estimated  the 
conramptiao  of  next  jeax  at 
509,000  or  3 10,000  tons— being  an 
incTMse  of  16.000  or  90,000  tons. 
The  amoont  i^  reveDue  woald  de- 
pend oa  the  proportionate  increase 
of  foreign  or  colonial  sugar:  the 
Btmoet  loss  could  not  be  more  tbaa 
6S,00M. ;  bat  he  calculated  on  a 
lerenne  of  1,636,000^,  being  an 
incTMSe  of  984,0001.  As  bearing 
m  the  tveoilntion  before  the  House, 
Sir  Charles  Wood  prooeeded  to 
aake  a  atatement  of  the  existing 
ftnanria^  pnapecta  of  the  country. 
This  part  oi  the  Bolgect  wUl 
more  appropriatelj  find  a  place  in 
another  chapter. 

After  some  further  debate,  in 
which  Mr.  Cardwetl,  Mr.  Mowatt, 
and  Lord  John  RBsseU  took  part, 
ths  Committee  dirided,  when  Mr. 
Bii^t'a  amendment  waa  declared 
to  be  rejected  by  803  to  86. 

Further  amendments  were  pro- 
posed in  Committee,  and  a  good 
deal  of  discuesioD  took  place  upon 
the  details  of  the  Bill.  An  amend- 
ment moved  bj  Sir  John  FaldDg- 
toD,  for  increasing  the  di0brential 
duty  in  ianur  of  British  colonial 
■agar  to  lOt.,  was  negatived,  after 
a  long  debate,  by  331  to  169. 
Another  wsa  proposed  by  Mr. 
Barklj,  whic^  he  thus  eipUined: 
—He  did  not  propose  to  idter  the 
rates  of  duty  upon  foreign  and 
colonial  sugar,  bat  simply  to  ar- 
rest the  progress  of  tlra  Bill  of 
1846;  except  that  he  proposed  lo 
uoks  ID  olieiatiDn  in  tbe  ftandord 


sample  at  the  Custom-house  on 
which  the  duties  are  levied,  and 
to  substitute  the  new  standard 
which  the  Oovemment  hod  adopted 
for  hrown-elayed  sugars,  so  that 
there  might  be  only  one  class  ibr 
all  clayed  sugars,  instead  oi  the 
two  classes  as  proposed  by  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Kschequer.  He 
proposed  to  give  «  minimum  pro- 
tection of  4<.  6d.  per  hundred- 
weight on  Moscorado  for  six  years, 
and  a  maximum  protection  of  7i.  7d. 
upon  clayed  sugar  for  the  same 
period ;  so  as  to  obviate  the  oom- 

Slaints  of  the  eliding  scale  <d 
uties  in  the  Bill  of  1B46.  He 
otfjeoted  to  the  Government  plan, 
that  reduotioDS  of  one  shilling  at 
time  would  not  benefit  the  con- 
sumer, but  would  only  frittw  away 
the  revenue. 

Sir  Charles  Wood  objected  to 
the  amendment  that  the  pre- 
arranged and  sudden  cednction  of 
tlie  duty  would  cause  a  previous 
stagnation  of  trade.  The  piopoei- 
tion  was  also  opposed  d;  Mr. 
Labooohere,  Mr.  Jas.  Wilson,  and 
Mr.  Godson ; — it  was  supported 
by  Mr.  W,  Gladstone.  Mr.  Cayley, 
Sir  George  Clark,  Mr.  Bruce,  and 
Mr.  Henry  Baillie.  The  debate 
again  took  a  ^ln»Tn\iBl  iara,  and 
was  ultimately  adjourned.  Being 
resumed  on  Uia  lOth  July,  Lord 
Geo.  Bentinck  avuled  himeelf  of 
the  opportunity  afforded  him  to 
explain  at  great  length  the  views 
which  he  had  propounded  as  Chair- 
man of  the  West  India  Committee. 
The  question  at  present  was,  whidi 
of  all  the  propositions  made  to  the 
House  on  this  sul^ect  was  most 
worthy  of  its  attention  ?  He  was 
bound  la  say,  that  the  amendment 
of  Mr.  Barkly  was  one  of  which 
he  approved  very  little;  but  the 
question  which  he  hod  then  to  de- 
termine was,  whstlwr  it  was  bettar 


24]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.       {.England. 

or  worse  tlian  tbe  propoeition  of  om.  He  could  se«  notlung  to 
the  Government?  Now,  tbe  sum  approve  in  ihe  proposidon  of  Her 
total  of  the  protection  for  six  years  Maiesty's  GoTemment.  It  would 
given  by  Mr.  Barkly's  amendment  aggravate  tbe  slave  trade  in  its 
amounted  to  i5s.  a  cwt.  on  the  obrtrecter,  and  increase  it  in  its 
highest,  and  to  27»,  a  cwt  on  the  amount.  Instead  of  reducing  the 
lower  qualities  of  sugar.  The  whole  profits  of  the  slaveholder  by  iu- 
protection  proposed  by  the  Minis-  creasing  the  differential  duty, 
ters  amounted  in  six  years  to  and  snaking  the  slaveholders  pay 
9Si(.6(^.acwt.intheaametime.  He  it,  their  scheme  selected  other 
(berefore  felt  it  impossible  to  deny  victims,  and  robbed  the  distillers 
that  tbe  proposal  of  Mr.  Barkly  of  Scotland  and  Ireland  of  70,00OJ. 
was  better  for  the  Colonies  than  a  year.  He  also  accused  the  Cban- 
that  of  Government.  He  should,  cellor  of  tbe  Exchequer  of  bribing 
therefore,  voteforthe  former;  but,  the  shipowners  to  agree  to  his  Act 
in  so  doing,  it  was  bis  duty  on  be-  of  1846  by  promises  of  a  great  io- 
balf  of  the  West  Indies,  of  tbe  crease  in  the  freight  of  their 
Mauritius,  and  of  the  East  In-  vessels,  arising  from  the  in- 
dies, and  on  behalf  of  the  gentle-  creased  consumption  of  sugar 
men  who  had  supported  bis  views  in  Great  Britain,  and  of  bilking 
in  the  Committee,  to  repudiate  it  them  now  by  depriving  them  of 
altogether  as  a  settlement  of  this  the  Act  which  had  seduced  many 
question.  It  was  an  expedient  of  them  from  tbe  strict  path  of 
wbicb  would  give  no  satislactaoa  duty.  He  concluded  an  elaborate 
either  to  the  West  Indies,  or  to  the  speech,  full  of  atatietica,  by  de- 
Mauritius,  or  to  the  East  Indies,  daring  that  the  people  of  England 
He  then  explained  to  the  Honse  were  not  disposed,  for  the  gain  of 
at  great  length  tbe  reasons  which  a  farthing  in  the  pound,  to  refuse 
bad  induced  bim  to  submit  bis  to  do  justice  to  die  British  colonies, 
scheme  of  sugar  dudea  to  tbe  or  to  endure  tbe  condnnance  of 
West  India  Committee,  complain-  the  slave  trade.  They  bad  not 
ing  that  all  the  force  of  tbe  Go-  adopted  the  two  doctrines  of  tbe 
venimeat  had  been  mustered  to  Manchester  school — first,  that 
defeat  it,  and  contending  that,  if  ••^lius  ■rgentuni  ca  auro 
it  ware  adopted,  it  would  reduce  ■unimi" 
the  price  of  the  poor  man's  sugar  and  next — 
](i.  a  pound,  increase  the  con-  "  rem,  Ikciu  n 
sumption,  benefit  tbe  revenue,  "Si  poMia  r«c|e;  li  aoa, 
and  produce  innumerable  advan-  modorem." 
tages  to  tbe  sugar  colonies.  In  No,  they  rather  adopted  tbe  wiser 
tbe  course  of  his  speech  he  frankly  langu^e  of  tbe  poet,  when  be  said 
declared  that  neither  the  Cban-  "  Hie  munu  (heneiu  eaio, 
cellor  of  the  Exchequer,  nor  the  "Ni!con»drBMbi,nullipJIe»cerocu]pl.'t 
Undep Secretary  for  the  Colonies,  Lord  J.  Russell  observed  that, 
nor  Mr.  Goulbum,  nor  Mr.  Card-  although  Lord  G.  Bendnck,  from 
well,  nor  Mr.  Gladstone,  knew  tbe  attendon  which  he  bad  given 
anything  of  tbe  sugar  question,  to  this  subject  in  the  inquiry 
and  insisted  that  there  was  no  cor-  conducted  before  tbe  West  In- 
rectness  in  their  estimates,  and  no  dia  Committee,  had  a  ngbt  to  be 
aocuiacy  in  any  calouladons  but  bis  heard  upon  it  before  the  close  of 


EM,lM»d.]                   HISTORY.  [25 

tfaa  dbcmsion,  he  bad  still  exe^  recklessly  tiiTown  &way  by  any 
cised  his  privil^e  of  address-  Goverament,  inasmueh  as  it  would 
ing  the  Ckimmittee  that  erpn-  give  to  the  consumer  that  sum  to 
ing  almost  to  an  abuse,  for  be  expend  upon  the  other  neceasaiies 
had  said  nothing  to  tbe  quee-  and  comforts  of  life.  Ha  then 
tion  before  it  except  a  few  entered  into  a  statement  of  con- 
Bentencea  at  the  commeucement  siderable  length  to  prove  that  the 
of  hia  speech,  and  a  few  at  its  end.  Gorerument  plan  would  give  a 
He  had,  it  was  tnie,  given  the  better  chance  of  restoiing  proB- 
UoQse  seveial  Latin  qaotations  not  perity  to  the  Colonies.  Be  re- 
altogether  unknown  to  it ;  and  be  ferred  also  to  the  recommendation 
(Lord  John  Rossell)  might  there-  given  to  him  by  Mr.  Gladstone 
fore  be  permitted  to  use  another,  on  a  former  night,  to  save  the 
and  say,  that  bis  Lordship,  fore-  revenue  by  increasing  taxation 
seeing  that  fae  could  retrieve  the  during  tho  present  session.  Now, 
fortunes  of  hia  party  by  delay,  had  he  admitted,  that  if,  at  the  com- 
determined,  like  the  Roman  gene-  mencemeut  of  the  next  session, 
ral,  to  achieve  for  himself  tbe  the  state  of  Europe  should  be  so 
npotation  of  threatening  as  not  to  permit  us  to 


"  UuuKjui  Dobii  cuDCtuida  re 


reduce  our  establishments,  it  would 
not  do  to  go  on  another  year  with-  - 
Taking  his  leave  of  Lord  G.  Ben-  out  making  the  income  of  the 
tinck  with  this  quotation,  he  ex-  country  superior  to  its  expenditure 
plained  to  tbe  Committee  that  the  by  increased  taxation.  But  if  pa- 
question  then  before  it  did  not  cific  counsels  should,  as  he  hoped 
involve  any  question  of  humanity,  they  would,  prevail  at  that  time, 
or  any  question  of  the  prohibition  and  if  there  were  no  danger  to  the 
or  non-pn>bibitiou  of  slave-labour  preservation  of  pence  both  at  home 
sugar.  Both  the  proposition  of  and  abroad,  be  thought  thtU  we 
Ur.  Barkly  and  that  of  tbe  Go-  should  be  able  to  reduoa  our  es- 
veniment  admitted  that  slave-  penditure  to  our  income  by  the 
labour  si^sr  was  to  be  introduced  exerdse  of  a  rigid  and  unsparing 
at  a  diflerential  duty;  and  at  the  economy.  He  thought,  however, 
end  of  six  years  it  would  be  intro-  that  it  would  be  unwise  to  come  to 
dnced  at  the  same  rate  of  doty  any  decision  upon  that  point  now. 
under  both  propositions.  The  He  concluded  by  recommending 
question  then  for  the  Committee  the  Oovemment  scheme  to  the 
to  coneader  was,  whether  for  the  approbatioa  and  support  of  the 
benefit  of  the  consumer,   of  the  Committee. 

West  Indian  body,  and  without  Mr.  Goulbum  contended,  that  of 

any  great  risk  to  the  revenue,  it  the  two  propositions  which  were 

oonld  not  reduce  from  14t.  to  10«.  then  under  discuBsion,  the  Com- 

the  duty  on  sugar,  tbe  amendment  mittee  was  bound  to  consider  by 

proposing  that  that  duty  should  which  the  prosperity  of  the  Colonies 

remain  stationary  at  11«.    Now,  would  be  best  promoted,  end  the 

tbe  reduction  of  4*.  of  duty  on  increase  of  slavery  and  the  slave 

every  cwt.  upon  a  consumption  of  trade    most    effectually    checked. 

300,000  tons  of  sugar  was  a  benefit  Neither  of  them  deserved  his  appro- 

of  1,200,00M.  to  the  oonsumer,  bation,  for  neither  of  them  met  the 

and  that  ins  a  benefit  not  (o  be  real  evil  of   the   case— the  evil 


26]              ANNUAL  REaiSTER,  1848.  [Efvi^. 

uiBiDK  from  a  want  of  labour  ID  the  in  which  the  aconracj  of  1h« 
West  Indita.  occasioned  b J  our  Iflgis-  Ministerial  calculations  for  ad- 
ktion,  and  the  evil  arising  from  a  justing  the  Kale  of  daties  was 
■nperflnity  of  it  in  the  East  Indies,  impugned  bf  XiOrd  Qoo.  Ben- 
Both  the  West  and  the  East  tinok,  and  some  correctiona  were 
Indies  had  been  deceired  by  the  introduced  by  Sir  Charles  Wood, 
usurance  given  to  them  by  Far-  the  Sugar  Duties  Bill  flnallj 
liament  that  they  should  not  have  passed  through  the  House  of 
to  contend  in  future  with  the  pro-  Commons, 
duce  of  slave  labour  in  Cuba  and  In  the  House  of  Lords,  the 
the  Brazils.  Driven  to  choose  measure  underwent  but  slender 
between  the  two  propositions  then  discussion.  Previously  to  the  Bill 
before  the  Committee,  he  had  no  coming  into  that  House,  a  d»- 
faesitatiou  in  giving  his  support  to  bate  of  some  interest  oocnrred, 
that  of  Mr.  Barkly;  first,  becanse  involving  the  conduct  of  the  Colo- 
he  feared  the  effect  of  Lord  J.  nial  Administration,  with  refeienoe 
Huasell's  plan  on  the  finances  of  to  thoseobarges  of  suppreasing  in- 
the  state,  and,  secondly,  because  formation  and  garbling  despatches, 
he  believed  that  Mr.  Barkly's  plan  which  Lord  George  Bentinok  had 
was  more  likely  to  restore  that  so  strenuously  urged  in  the  Lower 
oonfidence  which  oould  alone  rescue  House.  Earl  Grey  took  up  the 
the  West  Indies  from  their  present  matter  in  his  own  vindication  as 
state  of  ruin  and  despair.  Colonial  Minister,  and  took  the 

The  House  then  divided  on  Mr.  opportunity  of  eKplaining  his  oon- 

Barkly's  ameadment  as  follows—  duct  by  moving  tor  oopies  of  the 

despatches  in  question.  The  charge 

Ayes 194  made  against  him,  said  the  noble 

Noes ISO  Earl,  amounted  to  this,  that  he,  in 

oonoert  with  Mr.  Hawes,  hod  en- 

Minority  against     .    .      66  deavoured  to  mislead   the  Com* 
mittee  of  Inquiry  on  the  sulfject 

Another  amendment,  proposed  of  West  India  distress  by  delibe- 

by  Mr.  Bouverie  and  supported  by  rately  vrithholding  papers  which 

Mr.  Gladstone  and  Mr.  Goulbum,  favoured  the  opinions  of  those  who 

was  to  the  following  efiect :—  attributed  that  distress,  to  the  Aot 

"That  provision  be  made  for  the  of  1846.  This  cha^,  he  observed, 

admission  of  such  foreign  sugars  involved  imputations  so  di^raoe- 

as  shall  be   cleared  out  of  the  ful.  that,  if  it  were  maintainable, 

foreign.  West  Indian,  and  Ameri-  he  should  be  unworthy  of  holding 

can  porta,  before  the   1st  day  of  the  office  he  filled.    A  distinction, 

August  next,  and  out  of  ports  east  it  was  true,  had  been  attempted  U 

of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  before  be  drawn  between  a  personal  iin> 

the  Ist  day  of  September  next,  at  nutation  and  one  cast  upon  him  iit 

the  rates  of  duty  imposed  on  such  his  political  capacity,  but  he  m- 

sugars  respectively  by  the  aot  9  pudiated    such  a  distinction;    a 

&  to  Victoria,  c.  68."  Minister  of  the  Crown  capable  of 

It  was  lost  on  a  division  by  143  thus   deceiving    Fariiament   was 

to  84.    The  whole  of  the  Minis-  petsonally  culpable.     The  noble 

terial  resolutions  were  then  agreed  Earl  then  detailed  the  partioular 

to;  and  after  some  further  debate,  oitoomsttnceaoonnecbadwiththMa 


CfiMLl                       HISTORY.  [27 

daspatchM,  which    have  been  n-  noble  Earl  appraled  to  hia  own 
Maudl;  lUted  in    the    House  of  character,  and  fa>  the  justice  of  the 
ConnKHit.    lie  admitted  that  Sir  countiTi  which  would  not  convict 
Charles  Onj's  despatch  ought  to  him  o/  sullyinff  the  name  be  bor« 
have  been  laid  before   the   Com-  by  a  mean  and  dishouourahle  act. 
mittee.  Ha  had  intended  itahould  He  treated  theattacke  upon  him 
bave  been,  and,    up    te  a  recent  not  with  contempt,  but  with  die- 
peiiod,  ha  neveT  saspeoted  it  had  regard, convinced thathigh-minded 
not  been    communicated    to  the  and  honoureble  men  would  con- 
Committee,    never    doubting  that  demn  the  degradation  of  a  great 
hia  nunate  to  that  effect  would  ha  question  of  policy  to  the  low  level 
attended  to.  '  A  miatake  had,  how-  of  petty  personalities, 
ever,  occnired,  end  the  noble  Earl  JUtrd  Stanley,  though  he  ina 
esplaioed  toij  minuteljr  the  cause  not  surprised  that  the  noble  Eart 
ot  it,  which  pwtlj  arose  from  the  should  desire  to  vindicate  himself 
TSst  pressure   of    business.     He  and  hia  department  from  charges 
^edged  his  honour  that  it  was  a  made  against  them  in  their  official, 
nuatake.     With  regard  to  the  de-  not   their   personal    capacity,   re- 
spatch   of    Governor    Light,    his  gretted    the    statement    he    had 
Lordship   freely    avowed    that   it  made,  because  it  was  a  proceeding 
was  bj  his  direction  that  the  ex-  wholly  irregular,  and  because  it 
bact  wu  sent  to  the  Committee,  obliged  him,  in  vindicating  a  noble 
and  the  despatch  kept  back,  for  friend,  to  appear  to  be  an  accuser 
ntwma  whiui  he  stated.    He  con-  of  the  Colonial  Department,  andot 
ndered  that  whilst  the  facts  stated  the  noble  Earl,  to  whose  personal 
in  the  portion  ot  the  despatch  with-  honour  be  bore  testimony.    After 
held  were  notorious,  they  furnished  an  allusion  to  the  remark  of  Lord 
an  argument  for— 'not  against^— the  3.  Russell  upon  Lord  Q.  Bentinck'a 
viflwa  wbioh  he  (Lord  Grey)  was  connection  with  the  Jockey  Club, 
mippoMd  to  be  anxious- to  press  Lord  Stanley  proceeded  to  justify 
upon  the    Committee.    The   de-  tiie  examination  which  had  been 
tpatch  of  Lord  Harris   was  in-  pressed  in  the  other  House  into  the 
mded  in  a  motion  for  a  large  public  acts  of  the  Colonial-ofSce. 
collection  of  similar  papers,  which  It  was  Ute  ridit  and  the  duty  of 
coold  not  be  prepared  before  the  a  member  of  Parliament,  without 
Committee  hM  ceased  to  sit;  but  regard   to    peraonal   feelings,  to 
it  had  been  laid  before  the  House  expose  what  he   believed  to  be 
of  Commons,  and  if  dishonest  con-  delinquency.     He  did  not  justify 
cealment  had  been  his  object,  he  every  expression  which  might  have 
wonld    have    suppressed  it  alto-  been  used  elsewhere,  hot  he  would 
gether.    The  noble  Earl  then  pro-  state  facts  which  laid  a  ground  for 
ceeded  to  notice  the  charge  of  his  suspicion,  and  called  for  the  notice 
having  read  in  the  House,  on  the  of  Parliament.    The  Colonial-office 
7th  of  February,  a  portion  only  of  was  charged  with  suppressing  docu- 
a  memorial  from  Januuca,  which  ments,  and  portions  of  documents, 
supported  hia  own  views.    He  ad-  and  perverting  their  meaning,  so 
mitted  that  he   did  so,  and  he  as  to  mislead  Fariiament.    The 
jusliBed  such  use  of  the  memorial,  noble  Lord  then  went  over  the 
Having  thoB  disposed  of  all  the  details  respecting  the  despatch  of 
•peciAo    matters  of  i^iarge,    the  Bir  0.  Grey,  and  the  replies  of 


28] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [Engia„d. 


Mr.  Hawea  before  the  Committee 
with  reference  to  communicatioiiB 
from  Jamaica,  and  contended  that, 
giving  entire  credit  to  the  expla- 
nation of  Earl  Grey,  the  withhold- 
ing of  this  des|»tch  formed  a 
reasonable  ground  of  enspicion, 
which  was  augment«d  b;  the  dis- 
covery that  other  despatches  from 
other  coloi^es  had  been  similarly 
treated.  The  noble  Lord  dwelt 
at  some  length  upon  a  variety  of 
circumstances  which  appeared  to 
strengthen  the  suBpicion  which 
attached  to  the  Colonial-office. 
The  noble  Lord  then  passed  from 
the  Colonial-office  to  the  noble 
Earl  at  the  head  of  it,  whom  he 
directly  charged  with  making  an 
unfair  use  of  documents  in  that 
House.  On  the  7th  of  February, 
when  he  (Lord  Stanley)  presented 
certain  petitions  to  their  Lordships, 
and  called  their  attention  to  tne 
state  of  the  colonies,  having  stated 
that  the  bulk  of  their  distress  had 
been  caused  by  the  acts  of  the 
British  Legislature,  Earl  Grey 
had  endeavoured  to  show  that,  on 
the  contrary,  the  distress  had  been 
mainly  attributable  to  other  causes, 
to  waste  and  extravagance,  and  to 
the  absence  of  the  proprietors; 
and,  in  order  to  support  that  view 
of  the  case,  he  had  quoted  an  ex- 
tract from  a  Memorial  from  the 
planters  of  Jamaica,  which  was  not 
a  fair  extract,  but  involved  an 
infereuco  directly  opposed  to  the 
scope  of  the  document  itself.  The 
passage  read  by  the  noble  Earl 
led  their  Lordships  to  believe  that 
143,000/.  had  been  invested  in 
sugar  cultivation  upon  that  island 
by  resident  planters,  and  that  the 
experiment  had  been  eminently 
successful ;  whereas  the  noble 
Earl  had  proof  in  his  haod,  in 
that  very  document,  that  tlie  ex- 
periment had  failed  and  had  over- 


whelmed the  parties  with  loss. 
He  left  it  to  their  Lordship  to 
say  how  for  the  noble  Earl  had 
justified  himself;  he  did  not  say. 
that  the  noble  Karl  had  been 
wilfully  suppressing  and  pervert- 
ing documents ;  but  he  (Lord 
Stanley)  had  demonstrated  that 
Lord  George  Bentinck,  who  had 
devoted  himself  with  so  much  seal 
to  West  India  interests,  had 
ground  for  grave  suspicion  as  to 
the  manner  in  which  the  Colonial 
Department  had  dealt  with  the 
papers,  and  he  had  expressed  those 
suspicions  in  strong  and  vrarm 
terms ;  but  neither  the  noble  Earl, 
nor  the  Government,  he  tliought, 
had  a  right  to  be  offended. 

Earl  Grey,  in  reply  to  Lord 
Stanley,  whilst  be  admitted  the 
right  and  duty  of  Members  of 
Parliament  to  scrutinize  the  con- 
duct of  Ministers  of  the  Crown, 
protested  agiunst  the  imputation 
of  motives.  Lord  G.  Bentinck 
seemed  to  think  that  he  (Earl 
Gray)  was  inBuenced  by  a  desire 
to  oppress  and  discourage  the 
West  India  colonies.  He  had 
heard  with  deep  regret  Jjord  ' 
Stanley,  adopting  the  views  of 
this  subject  entertained  by  his 
political  allies,  and  speaking  with 
all  the  ingenuity  and  practised  art 
of  a  skilful  advocate,  elill  en- 
deavour to  convict  him  of  inten- 
tional prevaricatioD.  The  noble 
Earl  defended  Lord  John  Russell 
against  the  chaise  of  taunting 
Lord  G.  Bentinck  vrith  his  pnr- 
sttits  on  the  turf,  and  explained 
the  real  intention  of  that  noble 
Lord  in  the  remark  he  made  in 
the  other  House.  Even  if  his 
noble  friend  had  been  betrayed  by 
the  heat  of  argument  on  that  occa- 
sion beyond  the  strict  line  of 
debato,  their  Lordships,  when 
they  remembered  the  imexampled 


E»9l^»d.-\                   -HISTORY.  [29 

ptdeitce,  temper,  and  forbeannce  facts.    He  did  not  complain  otOie 

yitli  wtuch  Lord  John  bore  the  noble  Earl'a  suppreseing  the  opi- 

Uttereat   attacks    upon    himself,  nions  of  the  planters,  but  of  giving 

would  at  least  pardoD  an  exoess  of  some  facts  and  suppressing  others, 

varmtfa  provoked  in  bis  generous  namely,  the  result  of  the  experi- 

mind  \>j  an  attack  upon  an  absent  ment,    which   Itad   been   a  total 

friend.    The  noble  Earl  then  vin-  failure. 

dksted  himself  from  the  charge  Lord  Brougham  interposed  aa  a 

of  partial  dt&tions,  observing  that  peacemaker  botneen  his  two  noble 

tboee  poss^es'  in  the  despatches  friende.     He  regretted  that    the 

of  governors  which  related  to  facts  discnssiott  should  have  taken  place, 

were  of  the  utmost  ralue,  but  be  regarding  it  as   wholly  irregular, 

did  not  always  so  highly  appreciate  and  he  hoped  never  to  hear  such  a 

their  opinions.     He  had  quoted  so  debate    again.     He  paid  a  high 

ranch    of    Governor   Higginson's  tribute  to  the  honourable  feelings 

despMch  as  he  deemed  valuable  which  hod  actuated  Lord  George 

in  ue  course  of  an  iucidental  dis-  Bentinck,  but  intimated  his  opinion 

cvssion ;  and  vrith  respect  to  the  tliat  Earl  Grey  had  satisfactorily 

Jnmaica  memorial  he  had  quoted  vindicated  both  his  own  conduct  and 

that  to  prove  certain  ta£ta,  declar-  thatof  hissubordmates.     Hecould 

ing  at  the  time  be  did  so  that  the  not  conclude  without  snggeeting, 

Hemorial  complained  of  distress,  considering  the  enormous  amount 

Whilst,  however,  the  memorialists  of  bosinees  which  now  encumbered 

complained  of  distress  they  ad-  the  Colonial   office,  the   average 

mitted  the  &ct  that  there  was  a  number   of   despatches    received 

part  of  Jamaica  in  which  a  veiy  being   not   less  than    10,000  or 

considerable  change   was   taking  11,000  a  year,  the  absolute  neces- 

place ;    that  there  was  springing  sity  of  an  increase  of  the  staff  of 

up  a  class  of  owners  and  lessees  i^  that  office,  where  errors,  so  easy  to 

property  carrying  ou  the  cultiva-  occur,  might  create  immense  mi»- 

-  tionof  sugar  on  their  own  account,  chief.  The  Marquis  of  Lansdowne 

This  very  Memorial  had  been  in-  bore  testimony  to  the  honourable 

eluded  amongst   the  papers  laid  character  of  Earl  Grey,  and  his  in- 

before  the  Committee  at  an  early  capability  of  being  guilty  of  inten- 

st^e  of  their  inquiry.  tional  misconduct  of  the   nature 

Ijoi  Stanley,  in  explanation,  ob-  suggested.     He   hoped  that    this 

served  that  he  had  not  volunteered  discussion  would  have  the  effect  of 

his  share  in  this  discussion,  snd  impressing  ou  the  miuds,  both  of 

had   followed   in  it  strictly    the  their  Lordships  and  of  Members 

coarse  pursued  by  Earl  Grey,  not  of  the  other  House,  the  impolicy  of 

with  the  view  of  showing  that  the  mixing  up  matters  of  personal  im- 

Doble  Earl  had  been  guilty  of  wit-  putation  with  discussions  of  public 

tvl  suppression  of  documents,  but  affairs,  and  be  trusted  that  the 

that  there  were  fair  and  reasonable  Honse  would  notagain  be  the  scene 

gronnds    for    believing  .that    im-  of  a  similar  discussion, 

proper    delay    and    neglect    had  Lord   Redesdale  declared   that 

taken  place  in  the  Colonial-office,  he  considered  Earl  Grey's  expla- 

With  respect  to  the  Memorial  of  nation  very  unsatisfactory,  and  he 

the  planters  of  Jamaica,  he  had  protested    against   the    principle 

not  r^erred   to   opinions  but  to  asserted  by  the  noble  Lord — that 


80 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.       [EngUnA. 


he  attended  to  the  &cta,  and  not 
to  the  opiniona  oommunioated  bjr 
offloere  locally  «aquaint«d  with  the 
colonies. 

The  diuuBdon  tlwa  termiiMted. 

The  second  reading  of  t^e  Sugar 
Duties  Bill,  in  the  Houae  of  Lords, 
did  not  take  plao*  till  the  flTtii  of 
August.  It  was  then  moved  by 
Earl  Qrev,  who  introduced  the 
notion  mdi  a  speech  of  some 
lei^th. 

Having  on  a  former  occasion 
har^rded  some  prediotiona,  be  took 
this  opportunitj  to  brin^  forward 
proof  that  his  predictioDS  had 
been  fulfilled.  Though  the  dis- 
tress in  the  West  Indies  was  still 
extremely  severe,  yet  the  des- 
patches from  some  of  the  colonies 
slated  the  opinions  of  governors, 
that  the  worst  time  is  past.  Wagea 
bad  fallen— singularly  enough,  they 
bad  fallen  least  where  they  were 
before  highest ;  and  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction had  been  largely  reduced. 
Governor  Light,  and  Oovemor 
Lord  Harris,  and  the  Governor  of 
Antigua,  gave  abundant  testimony 
of  a  rising  spirit  of  enterprise,  pro- 
viously  unknown  in  uie  West 
Indian  Colonies.  LordGreyqupted 
returns  showing  the  increased  pro- 
duction of  Guiana  in  the  present 
year.  The  transition  to  a  bettor 
and  a  healthier  state  of  things 
might  be  attended,  and  uufonu- 
nately  was  attended,  with  no  small 

fireesore  and  distress ;  still  be  be- 
ieved  that  the  change  bore  in 
it  the  seeds  of  prosperity  and  well- 
grounded  hope  for  the  future. 

But  If  this  was  his  opinion,  he 
might  be  asked  on  what  grounds 
he  justified  the  present  Bill?  The 
object  of  that  Bill  was  to  eictend  to 
a  longer  period,  and  to  grant  to  a 
greater  extent,  the  protection  and 
privileges  accorded  by  the  Bill  of 
184fl  to  the  British  sugar-growing 


Colonies;  and  the  gronnda  oa 
which  he  thought  such  a  meaaure 
justifiable  were  those:— In  the  first 
place,  there  existed  amongst  the 
sugar  growers  a  pauio,  which  if  not 
checked,  must  lead  to  the  most 
disastrous  results.  His  own  opi- 
nion was,  that  this  panic  was  a 
groundless  one ;  but  the  planters 
had  been  so  long  taught  to  rely  on 
protection,  that  he  could  not  be 
saiprised  at  their  considering  the 
withdrawal  of  that  protection  as 
equivalent  to  ruin.  Besides,  it 
was  now  confessed  on  all  handa 
that  the  amount  of  advantage  in- 
tended by  the  Act  of  1846  to  be 
conferred  on  the  colonists  hod  not 
as  yet  been  fully  or  praoticolly 
realixed.  This  measure,  while  it 
conferred  coniiderable  adTontages 
upon  the  Bntish  producer,  he  ^It 
confident  would  not  ha*c  an  in- 
jurious effect  upon  the  revenue. 
Among  the  measures  introduoed 
for  the  benefit  of  the  planter,  were 
the  reduction  of  the  differential 
duty  upon  rum,  and  a  loan  of 
600.000^  He  could  have  wished 
that  this  aid  were  larger ;  but  the 
financial  difficulties  of  the  country 
rondered  a  larger  loan  an  impos- 
Bibility. 

In  conclusion.  Lord  Grey  would 
offer  one  word  of  warning  to  the 
oolonists— they  should  he  careful 
not  to  tggrKraM  their  present  diffl- 
oulties  by  following  the  illegal 
advice  tendered  them  from  oertain 
quarters.  If  they  were  persuaded 
to  have  recourse  to  rash  prooeed- 
inga,  in  the  vtun  hops  of  inducing 
Parliament  to  alter  that  policy 
which  it  had  adopted,  they  would 
only  increase  the  present  distress 
by  preventing  the  mfiux  of  capital. 
They  were  blind  observers  of  pass- 
ing events,  and  the  settled  cur- 
rent of  public  opinion  in  this 
country,  who  could  for  a  moment 


EmU-UUI                    history.  [31 

W£«T«t!bat:tboNprace«diiigiooDld  of  a  noble  Earl,  apenonofgrMt 
ban  the  effect  of  mdueiDg  Farlia-  and  high  talents  and  attainments, 
imnt  to  alter  that  poliqr  which  it  and  connectAl  with  a  still  more 
had  adootod,  to  irtuch  uis  intelli-  Important  personage,  and  also  nith 
goDce  M  (he  0000(17  waa  irre-  a  member  of  the  ^mmittee  which 
TooiUy  pledged,  and  whiofa  he  wm  inquired  into  the  slave  trade ;  and 
eoBTioeedwoiildiMYer  be  departed  the  preoeedinga  of  the  Committee 
hum.  are  in  some  degree  detailed  in  that 
Lord  Bedeadale  did  not  oppose  newspaper,  the  Morning  Ckromek. 
the  Bill,  bat  he  protested  against  Therefbre  I  feel  anxiotiH  as  to  what 
the  late  introduction  of  it.  The  yoor  lordships  may  think  of  tfaia. 
Eari  of  Grannlle  alleged  in  ex-  I  am  aocnsed  of  iqjustice  and 
planataon  the  protracted  debates  in  illiberalitj  nnder  the  mask  of 
the  other  House.  The  Duke  of  Justice  and  humanity,  and  even  of 
ATgfle  remarked  that  Earl  Orej's  calumny.  The  calumny  is,  that  I 
Kteeoh  contained  do  allusion  to  made  strong  observations  on  the 
the  slave  trade.  He  was  no  Fro-  evidence  of  Dr.  CUffe,  who  states 
tectionist,  and  if  ha  wished  that  himself  to  be  a  slave-trader ; 
nstem  to  endure  la  the  West  that  is  to  say,  the  worst  man 
Indies,  it  was  only  in  order  that  on  the  face  of  the  earth — the 
eveiy  means,  direct  and  indirect,  greatest  criminal— condemned  by 
might  be  used  to  suppress  the  uie  laws  of  three  countries  in 
tended  that  free  labour  could  never  Europe,  and  the  laws  of  the  coon- 
slavetrade.  Earl  StVincentcon-  try  in  which  be  was  bom.  I  be- 
eontend  with  slave-labour.  lieve  what  he  confesses,  but  I 
Lord  Denman  addressed  the  donot  believe  what  he  states  in  bis 
House,  in  a  speech  beariog  chiefly  own  &vour.  I  do  uot  know  that 
on  the  slave  question,  and  on  he  has  ceased  to  be  a  trader:  be 
some  matters  personal  to  himself  expresses  that  be  was  a  slave- 
It  had  been  supposed  that  he  owner,  but  that  he  abstained  from 
had  a  personal  interest  in  this  motives  of  humanity,  and  because 
matter,  because  one  who  was  dear  he  was  so  shocked  at  the  horrors 
to  him  was  largely  engaged  in  it.  which  were  committed  that  his 
On  that  subject  he  was  utterly  in-  delicate  nerves  would  no  longer 
different ;  the  professional  reputa-  allow  him  to  proceed  in  it.  Have 
tion  of  that  individual  might  take  I  no  right  to  examine  the  history 
care  of  itself.  It  had  been  said  of  a  witness  who  comes  to  offer 
that  he  was  a  leading  member  voluntary  evidence  before  a  Com- 
of  the  Anti-Slavery  Society.  It  mittee,  as  to  his  former  eonduct? 
M  happened  that  he  never  was  Am  I  not  to  judge  from  his  owu 
a  member  of  the  Ania-Slavery  story  whether  he  is  entitled  to  be 
Society ;  he  never  even  subscribed  believed?  He  declines  on  two  or 
to  it;  he-  never  attended  their  three  occasions  to  enter  into  some 
councils.  The  noble  and  learned  particulars  which  the  Committee 
Lord  then  went  on  to  say —  ask.  He  says,  '  I  have  told  you  I 
"A  very  formidable  attack  has  should  lead  an  uncomfortable  life 
been  made  upon  me  by  a  news-  in  the  countiy  to  which  T  ant  going, 
paper  of  high  reputation  and  and  you  will  be  spending  more 
great  name,  and  which  is  supposed  money  in  your  efforts  to  put  down 
to  hare  lately  passed  iuto  the  care  the    slave-trade.'     He    seems   to 


32]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  iE»gla«d. 

hare  some  secret ;  but  this  he  does  that  in  the  uext  six  or  eight  years 

not  le)l,  because  he  is  afrsid  ve  there  would  be  a  great  glut,  a  great 

shail  spend   our    money.     I   am  demand  for  slaves,  and  subsequently 

asked,  'Wouldyounot,  asa  judge,  an    insurrection  of  those    sbvea, 

hear  the  evidence  of  a  person  nfao  and  a  massacre  of  all  the  white 

has  ceased  to  be  a  thief?' — I  would  proprietors.    Who  coald  oonUm- 

bear  the  evidence  of  any  man ;  but  plate  that  withoat  horror  ?   After 

if  he  offered  me  counsel  as  to  how  all,  would  it  abolish  slaveiy  ?  The 

I  should  aoppress  crimes  in  which  slaves  coneisted  of  various  nations, 

he  hod  himself  been  engaged,  and  and  were  often  in  a  state  of  abso- 

he  should  let  them  be  carried  on  lute  hostility  to  one  another,    llie 

to  an  eitent  in  which  a  person  was  massacre  would  not  be  confined  (o 

tempted  by  high  profits  to  pursue  whites ;  it  would  be  the  destruction 

them,  1  should   know  whether  I  of  all. 

was  dealing  with   one  who  had  The  second  reading  of  the  Bill 

those  profits  in  his  eye."  passed  without  a  division,  and  it 

Lord  Denman  then  turned  to  underwent  no  further  debate  until 

the  general  subject.    lie  predicted  it  became  law. 


b,GoogIc 


HISTORY.  [33 


CHAPTER  II. 

Knana — Divinon  of  PiMie  Opinion,  at  tht  commeneemsnt  of  the 
ScwioN,  rcfpeetin^  th^  IfatioiuU  Defencet — Vuwi  of  Ae  Ftm-TtocU 
Lead«n  on  tht  mhjeet — Lord  John  RuutU  makes  a  Financial  Statt- 
w«nt  on  the  IQth  of  Fdmtarif — Hit  Speech — Detail  of  the  Income 
and  Expenditure — Propoiitton  for  continuing  the  Income  Tax  for 
Three  Year*  at  the  increaeed  Rate  of  Five  per  Cent. — VnfawurMe 
rece^itm  of  the  iSiniaterial  Statement  by  the  House — Sir  Charlee  Wood 
endeataUTt  to propitiate,the  Opposition  by  moving  that  the  Army,  Navy, 
and  Ordnance  E$timatet  be  referred  to  a  Select  Committee — (Knerva- 
lion*  of  Jfr-  Hume,  Lord  George  Bentinek,  and  other  Membert~-~ 
Great  Agitation  excited  in  variaut  part*  of  the  Country  by  tke 
propoted  augmentation  of  the  Income  Tax — The  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  announce*  on  the  38(A  that  the  Qovemment  do  not  intend 
to  pre**  the  He*oluiion  for  increating  the  Income  Tax — Hi*  Statement 
of  the  Financial  Protpeet*  of  the  Country — Speeche*  of  Mr.  WakUtf, 
Mr.  Cobden,  Lord  John  RuueU,  Mr.  Ditraeli,  and  other  Member*. 
The  puhUc  feeling  m  turned  by  theie  diaeuM»ion*  to  the  unequal 
pretiure  of  the  Tax  a*  then  exitting — Mr.  Honman  propose*  a  Plan 
for  graduating  the  Tax  in  retpeet  to  different  kind*  of  Property—The 
ChaneMor  of  the  Exchequer  and  Lord  John  HuMeU  oppote  the 
MotiiM — It  i*  rejected  on  a  divition  6y  316  to  141 — Mr.  Hume  moves 
that  the  Tax  be  renewed  for  On*  Year  only  inetead  of  Three — Sir 
Charle*  Wood  oppote*  the  Motion — General  discussion  on  the  Income 
Tax — Sir  Robert  Peel  defend*  hit  own  Measure  and  Policy — He  t* 
antwered  by  Lard  George  Bentinek — Mr.  J.  Wdton  defends,  in  an 
elahonUe  speech,  the  Free-Trade  Measures  of  Sir  Rob^  Peel — Mr, 
Disraeli  argues  on  the  other  tide — Mr.  Gladstone  vindicate*  th* 
recent  Commercial  Change*  in  an  able  speech — Speeches  of  Mr. 
Cobden  and  Lord  John  Ruetell — The  Debate,  after  tteo  Adjournment*, 
end*  in  the  defeat  of  Mr.  Hume't  Motion  by  a  Majority  of  SS5— 
Sir  B.  Hall  movet  tliat  the  Income  Tax  be  extended  to  Ireland — Sum- 
mary of  his  argument! — It  is  opposed  uiarmly  by  the  Irish  Membert, 
and  renited  by  the  Oovemment — Majority  against  it  80 — Umatitfac- 
tory  potitian  of  the  Fiuanca,  u!ith  an  anticipated  DeficiX — The  Chan- 
eellor  of  the  Exchequer  promius  to  make  a  definite  statement  before 
the  dose  of  the  Session— On  the  itbth  of  August  he  enter*  fully  into 
the  ttale  of  the  Revmut,  and  announces  his  plan  for  supplying  the 
ddicieney— Proposition  to  raite  S,031,336I.  by  a  Loan — DiMatitfae- 
Vol.  XC.  [D] 


84]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.      [Enjlond 

turn  created  by  thU  Proposal — Mr.  Hums  ttrongly  dbjecta,  and  again 
urge*  retrenchment  of  the  Expenditurt — He  rencvit  kit  ei^eetiont  on 
the  29tA,  wk«n  the  BUI  Jor  giving  effect  to  Sir  CkarUa  Wood't  Plan 
it  be/ore  the  Home — Speechet  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 
Mt.  Henley,  Mr.  Drummond,  Mr.  Spooner,  Mr.  Cobden,  Mr. 
A.  Smith,  and  Lord  John  Buuell — Mr.  Hume't  Motion  for  ryecting 
the  Bill  it  negatived  bjf  dfito  45,  and  the  latter  ie  paeted. 

SGABCELYsnypartoftbemi-  stances  of  the  counti;.  It  was 
nisterial  policy  oC4:asioned  so  nsturaUf  antidpftt«d  that  the  Go- 
muohdissatisfsctioa  during  the  pre-  Temment,  ia  Iraming  the  Estimates 
sent  session  as  that  which  related  to  for  the  present  ;ear,  would  exhibit 
the  public  finances.  It  forms  a  pro-  their  adhesion  to  one  or  Other 
minentchapter  in  the  history  of  the  of  these  views;  and  this  ciromn- 
session,  and  the  retractation  and  stance  gave  additional  intemt  to 
variation  of  the  schemes  proposed  the  financial  statement  of  the  Pre- 
by  OOTemment  makes  it  neces-  mier.  In  openins  the  contents  of 
sary  to  devote  to  it  a  more  extended  bis  Budget,  Lord  John  Bussell 
space  than  is  usually  allotted  to  rapidly  surveyed  the  ocMnmerual 
Finance  in  thiavolume.  The  Budget  distress  caused  by  the  ecarci^,  the 
was  originally  announced  for  an  high  prioe  of  com,  Ac ;  its  efiect 
early  day — the  18th  February —  on  trade,  on  the  social  condition  of 
but,  for  reasons  which  will  presently  the  people,  on  the  Kxcise,  aodon 
tppear,  the  financial  arrangement  the  sources  of  the  revenue  gene- 
remained  unsettled  almost  till  the  rally.  Mr.  Huskiasou  had  re- 
close  of  this  very  protracted  session,  marked,  in  1817,  that  after  a  great 
It  is  necessary  to  premise,  by  way  famine  a  falling  o£f  of  ten  per  cent, 
of  introduction  to  the  statement  of  in  the  revenue  ought  not  to  be  made 
the  Prime  Minister,  now  about  to  a  subject  of  wonder.  Lord  John 
be  given,  that  shortly  before  the  also  reminded  the  House,  that  in 
reassembling  of  Farliament  .the  the  last  statement  made  by  Mr. 
validity  of  our  armaments  for  the  Goulbum,  before  he  went  out  of 

Eurpose  of  national   defence  bad  office,  he  only  took  some  of  his  es- 

een  the  subject  of  much  discus-  timatee  for  three  quarters  of  the 

sion  in  the  public  prints,  and  some  .year  to  which  his  speech  applied, 

eminent  aathorities,  both  military  That     circumstance,    with     some 

and  civil,  had  expressed  a  good  others,  bad  transferred  e3B,000{. 

deal  of  distmst  as  to  the  predica-  which  ou^ht  properly  to  have  been 

ment  in  which  this  country  might  included  in  the  expenditure  of  that 

be  foundin  the  possible  contingency  year  to  the  expenditure  of  the  fol- 

of  a  sudden  invasion.    On  the  other  lowing  jrear,  1847-8,  apparently 

hand  an  active  party,  consisting  augmenting  a  deficit  which  was 

mainly  of  the  popular  champions  really  no   more   than    304,000i. 

of  the  Free-Trade  movement  had  Lord  John  also  took  credit  for  the 

strenuously  denounced  such  alarms  increase  of  revenue  derived  from 

as  chimerical   and  delusive,   snd  the  alteration  of  the  Sugar  Duties, 

hadavowed  their  opinion,  that  a  re-  which  yielded  3,574,0001.  in  1845, 

duction   rather  than  an   increase  and    4,414,0001.    in    1847.     The 

of  military  force  and  expenditure  balance-sheet  of  the  past  year  was 

was   caUed  for   by   the    circum-  t^esented  on  the  Srd  of  Febroaiy, 


Cuitoms       .     . 

,619.760,000 

Excise     .     .     . 

18,000,000 

Btoge-coachM  ■. 

600,000 

Stamps   .     .     . 

7,aoo,ooo 

Taxes      .     .    . 

4,840,000 

Income  Tax     . 

8,200.000 

Post  Office  .     . 

900.000 

Crown  lands     . 

eo,ooo 

UiBcellBDeouB  . 

300,000 

making     a     total 

amonnt     i 

SM«i]                  HISTORY.  [86 

1U8.  EVom  tlMt  it  appnred  tint  the  Loan  280,0001.,  and  interest  on 

UuRmstnexcen  of  expenditure  Exchequer  Bills  143,0001.     The 

onr  inoome  duriDg  the  last  jear  expenditure  actually  Totod  for  the 

of  9,96S,688/.;  bat  in  that  sam  year    1847-8,    including    several 

«u  to  be  included    1,53A,000/.  suns  whioh  were  not  contained  in 

gnntad  Ibr  the  relief  ofdistressm  the  budget,  was  SS,3ie,709I.;  the 

Inliod,   and   400,000^.    the   re-  estimated  receipts  to  which  he  had 

BMDuiw  China  money,  which  was  alludedwere  61,369,0501.,  leaving 

Me^wdat  the  Cape  of  Oood  Hope  a  deficiency  of  989.6491. 

m  lU  road  to  England  and  applied  Lord  John  stated  the  estimate  of 

■o  the  parpoMS  of  the  Cal&e  war.  the  revenue  for  the  year  oomraenc- 

Therealexeess  would  be  961,683^  in g  on  the  6th  of  April,  1848,  and 

Lord  John  recited  the  estimate  ending  on  the  6th  April,  1649  > 

nade  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex-  " 
eluqim  fbi  the  past  year,  and 
•Wed  the  produce,  of  the  revenue 
BpoD  an  cBtimate  formed  for  the 
lemiinder  of  the  year  to  the  6th  of 
April.  1848.  The  Customs,  esti- 
mated  to  produce  30,000,0001.,  had 
DDlypnduced  19,774,0001.;  the  Ex- 
as«,  estimated  at  18,700,0002.,had 

produced    19,940,000{. ;    Stamps,  making     a      total      amount      of 

«ttimated  at  7,600,0001.,  produced  61,360,0001.    Taking  the  expendi- 

T,160,00OI.;    Taxes,  estimated  at  tnrevoted  at  63,816,7001.,  and  the 

4JT0,0OOl.,  produced  4.840,0001. ;  estimated  receiptof  revennefor the 

Property      Tax,      estimated     at  next  year  at  61,360.0001..  there 

li.300,0001.,  produced  6,460,0001. ;  would  therefore  be  a  deficiency  of 

Poet  Office,  estimated  at  846,0001.,  1,068,7091.,  that  is,  on  the  snppo- 

{woduced  933,0001. ;  Ciown-lands,  sition  that  the  expenditure  would 

ettinttted  at  130,0001.,  produced  bethesamein  1848-9a8ioie47-8. 

60,0001. ;  Uisoellaneous,  estimated  But  there  was  at  present  a  sum  of 

at  380,0001.,  produced  8SB,000/.;  !U6,6001.  due  for  the  expenditure 

the    whole     estimate,     calculated  of  the  Navy  for  the  year  ending  in 

at    53,065,0001.,    had    produced  April.  1847 ;  there  was  also  a  sum 

61,863,0601.    Keferring  to  some  of^  1,100,0001.,  to  ba  paid  for  the 

of  the  more  important  items,  Lord  eipensee  of  the  Oaffre  war;  and, 

John  Rossell  sUted  that  there  had  taking  these  two  sums,  together 

been  an  increase  in  the  produce  with  uie  deficiency  which  he  bad  al- 

of  duties  on  molasses,  snear,  rum,  ready  mentioned,  there  would  be  a 

and   tobacoo;   but,   on  Ue   other  deficiency  of  3,141,3001. 

hand,  there  had  been  a  decrease  in  Now  he  had  been  desirous  to 

the  revenue  derived  from  the  duties  lay  this  condition  of  the  finances 

on  com,  timber,  wine,  malt,  and  at  sn  eariy  period  before  the  House, 

spirits.  in  order   that  it  might  take  it 

The  estimated  expenditure  for  into  the  fallest  consideration,  and 

the  year  ending  on  the  8tb  of  April,  might  resolve  upon  that   course 

1848,  was  61,676,0001.;  but  the  which  was  most  fitting  to  the  in- 

exoess  on  the  Navy  Estimates  had  tereeta  and  the  credit  of  the  nation, 

been  188,0001.,  on  the  interest  on  Various  courses  were  open  to  the 


863              ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [EngUHd. 

House ;  and  sU  he  had  to  do  iraa  Nothing  had  giveii  that  illustriooB 

to  8tat£  tiie  course  nhich  appeared  individoal  greater  paia  than  t^e 

to  the   GoTemment  to   be   beat,  publicstion  of  sentimenta  nhkh  he 

leaving  it  to  be  decided  bj  the  de-  had  coafidentially  expressed  to  a 

liberate  judgment  of  the  House  brother   officer.     The    Duke    of 

irhetber  irhat  Ministers  proposed  Wellington,  as  was  his  duQr,  had 

waa  most  fitting,  or  whether  any  communicated  to  the  Qoremment 

otlier  course  would  be  more  con-  of  the  countiy  that  which  he  con* 

duoive  to  Uie  wel&re  of  the  country,  ceived  to  be  a  deficiencjr  in  our  de- 

Jtmu  obvious  that  the  deficiency  fences;  but,  in  bo  doing,  nothing 

mnstbemeteitherbytszationorby  vaa  further  from  his  wuh  than  te 

great  reductions  in  the  armj  and  make  anj  public  appeal,  or  in  an; 

navy.    Extreme  opinions  bad  been  way  to  inflame  or  exasperate  rela- 

expreased  out  of  doors  on  the  de-  tions  between  England  and  other 

fences  of   the  country.     On  the  countries.     No  one  could  diaputa, 

one  hand,  it  had  been  stated  that  however,  continued  Lord  John  Ros- 

Foreign  Powers,  especially  France,  sell,  that  this  countiy  might  be  ia- 

were  making  great  preparations ;  volved  in  war.     Since  the  peace  of 

that  there  might  be  war,  and  possi-  18 16,  disputes  between  this  country, 

bly  invasion ;  and  that  our  prepara-  the  United   States,   Russia,   and 

tions  were  inadequate  to  meet  this  France,  had  been  allayed  only  by 

danger.    On  the  other  hand,  it  was  great  forbearance   on  both  sides, 

said  that  there  was  evety  prospect  However  tranquil,  therefore,  the  at- 


of  peace;  that  the  inclinationa  of  mosphere  might  be  at  present,  there 
Foreign  Powers  were  friendly;  that  might  be  at  any  time  an  unforeseen 
invasion  was  most  improbable ;  and    storm ;  and  he  was  the  more  ci 


that  our  naval  and  military  esti-  vinced  of  that  circumstaoca  when 

mates  were  extravagantly  high.   In  he  recollected  that  Mr.  Pitt  in 

stating  the  views  of  the  Govern-  1703  anticipated  a  long  oontina- 

ment  on  these  discordant  qiinions,  ance  of  peace.     It  must  be  borne 

be  wished  to  guard  himseu  against  in  mind,  that  in  the  last  three  hun- 

the  supposition  that  there  was  any-  dred  years  the  elements  on  various 

thing  in  the  mwent  state  of  our  occasions  had  been  our  friends,  and 

relations  with  France  which  threat-  expeditions  against  us,   prepared 

ened  the  rupture  of  peace.  with  the  most  zealous  core,  had 

Lord  Jolm  Russell  here  avowed,  been   defeated    only  by   adverse 

in  the  most  emphatic  terms,  his  winds.     The  science  and  skill  of 

anxiety  for  a  cordial,  intimate,  and  late  years  had  enabled  seamen  to 

lasting  alliance  with  the  French  traverse  the  sea  against  winds  and 

nation.    This  portion  of  his  speech  tides;  and  that  circumstance  might 

was  warmly  cheered  by  the  House,  induce  hostile  powers  to  consider 

He  wished  to  guard  himself  this  country  more  open  to  invasion, 
upon  another  point.  A  foreign  Underakingwhowssasincerelover 
writer.animated  by  the  most  kindly  of  peace,  since  1833,  the  active  pre- 
feelings  towards  Engknd,  had  de-  parations  and  increase  of  the  naval 
scribed  the  Duke  of  Wellington  ss  force  of  France  had  been  very  ex- 
having  made  a  pamphleteering  re-  tensive.  Lord  John  read  returns 
ply  to  the  Prince  deJotnville.  No-  to  the  French  Chambers ;  the 
thingoouldbemorefonngntotliein-  number  of  seamen  had  increased 
tentionsof  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  from  18,000  to  89,000;  vessels  at 


Engbmd.]  HISTORY.  [37 

SM,  from  153  to  S16;  steuneis,  degrees  of  preparation,  daring  the 
from  68  to  130;  tlie  expenditure  present  year.  It  vas  proposed  to 
from  S,980,00(U.  to  3.903.00(X.;  have  a  reserre  of  Bteamen  at 
the  wbole  sum  for  the  French  army  Fortsmonth,  Flymoath,  Co^  and 
and  oaTj  in  1S49  vas  23,817,00(U.  Sheeraess.  To  the  Marines  would 
Sereial  of  the  French  steamers  are  beaddedl600man:  1600hadbeen 
of  sodi  a  size  that  they  each  carry  added  last  year.  With  regard  to 
fnm  1000  to  ISOOmen.  the  defences  of  onr  ports  and  dock- 
PrepanUions  had  not  been  nant-  yards,  their  deficieiunes  had  at- 
ingononr^de.  Since  1835,  we  tnu;ted  the  aUentiou  of  the  late 
had  increased  the  nnmber  of  our  Goferament,  which  had  giren  or- 
seamen  from  36,000  to  43,000  ders  for  their  examination.  That 
men;  ofoorsoldiers.&om  100,991  subject  had  been  too  long  n^ 
to  138,769;  and  of  oni  ordnance  lected;  but,  since  the  year  1844, 
C0Tpsfrom8a5Stol4,S94;making  262,0001.  had  been  expended  on 
an  mcrease  of  60,331  upon  our  mill-  the  works  for  the  defence  of  Forts- 
taiy  force  in  the  whole.  Besides,  month,  Flymoath,  and  Deronport, 
the  kteOoTemment  had  organized  Pembroke,  Sheemess,  and  the 
IB.OOO  soldiers  of  the  line  as  pen-  Thames;  and  they  were  now,  in 
sitHiers.  The  present  Government  the  opinion  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
had  formed  a  force  of  9600  men  lington,  aud  the  Master  of  the 
oat  of  the  woricmen  in  the  dock-  Ordnance,  in  a  satisfactory  state, 
yards,  who,  as  infantry  and  artil-  Betoming  to  the  Army,  he  said, 
leiy,  were  in  possession  of,  and  that  although  Ministers  did  not 
capable  of  working,  1080  gone.  A  propose  to  incresse  its  force  by  a 
plan  had  also  been  carried  into  single  man,  yet  the  number  of 
effect  for  drilling  and  organizing  soldiers  in  the  United  Kingdom 
the  Coast  Guard,  and  for  keeping  would  be  incressed  by  the  return 
a  so^lemental  force  ready  in  case  this  year  of  5000  men,  if  not  more, 
the  services  of  the  Coast  Guard  from  India;  so  that  in  the  course 
should  be  wanted  elsewhere;  which  of  the  summer  he  expected  that 
would  supply  a  force  of  6000  men.  we  should  have  a  force  of  60,000 
Lord  John  showed  that  the  charge  men  in  the  British  islands.  As 
of  the  Army,  Nai^,  and  Ordnance,  compared  with  the  year  1S3S,  this 
lor  the  defence  of  the  coontry,  bad  would  be  an  increase  of  30,000 
increased  from  11,730,073/.  in  men.  The  increase  on  the  esti- 
I83&  to  17,340,0901.  in  1847.  He  mate  for  the  Army  was  43,0001. 
then  called  the  attention  of  the  only.  Oovemment  proposed  to 
Hoose  to  our  condition  ss  regarded  make  a  much  larger  increase  in 
the  Navy.  He  proposed  to  make  the  Ordnance  Estimates.  It  was 
an  increase  oS  164,0001.  upon  the  obvious  that,  while  we  conld  make 
Naval  Estimates ;  but  of  that  sum  a  rapid  increase  in  our  iniantiy, 
«ily  70,0001.  would  go  to  the  real  we  could  not  make  an  increase  of 
increase  of  our  naval  expenditure ;  our  artillery  in  less  than  eighteen 
94,0001.  being  for  expenditure  not  months  or  two  years.  It  was  there- 
naval.  He  reaid  a  letter  of  the  First  fore  proposed  to  increase  the  grant 
Lord  of  the  Admiral^  to  himself,  for  the  Ordnance  by  a  sum  of 
describing  in  detail  the  varions  245,00U.  The  whole  incresse  on 
skips  which  he  intended  to  keep  the  Military,  Naval,  and  Ordnance 
in  commissioii,  and  in  different  Estimates  wonld  be  366,0001. 


38]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Bngkni. 

Then  was  Bnother  speoiM  of  Lord  John  stated  ths  whola  «x- 

foroo,  lespeoting  wbich  a  meaauro  pendittm  which  bs  contemplated 

would  be  laid  before  the  House  ia  for  the  jrear  ending  the  6th  of 

the  course  of  the  present  session.  April,  164ft,  as  follovre—     ^ 

In  oonaidering   the  question    of  9              » 

national  defence  it  to.  necessary  to  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^  37,™^ 

take  into  calculation  the  chance,  Unhnded  Debt..      7SZ.600 

howBTor  remote,  of  an  enemy's  — . SM90,600 

landing  on  our  shores ;  and  in  that  CoMolhkled 

«8e  our  force  of  60.000  men  would  (^"^W^"^    l  lOO/MO  *'*'"* 

not  altogether  suffice  to  garrison  mMle»c«iV."      WSoo 

the  dockjards  and  other  points  of  .—— ],345,500 

defence,  and  to  supply  troops  for     Nitj.... 7,796,610 

the  field.     In  former  times  the     A™7 I'IS'255 

eountjy  looked  for  defence  to  what  "^^^—Z   JKo 

waa  tbe  farounte  force  of  one  of  21,890  400 

the  greatest  men  the  country  ever  '  — 

produoed.     Lord    Chatham:    he  04,440,200 

meant  the  miUtia.     There  were,     ""^^ J*>'«» 

however,  difficulties  on  that  sub- 


ject now,  which  did  not  formerly 

exist.    If  you  were  to  allow  men  Now,  it  would  be  idle  and  pre- 

to  eerre  by  aulHtjtute,  it  was  pro-  sumptuous  to  say  that  the  country 

bable,  from  the  migratory  habits  would  at  ouco  return  to  a  atate  of 

of  our  labouring  population,  that  prosperify;   yet  they  might  look 

the  substitute  would  not  be  forth-  forweid  to  an  improted  oonditioa 

coming  when  he  was  want«d ;  and,  of  the  commerce  and  mann&otnres. 

if  you  were  to  refuse  permission  to  They  might  expect  an  improvS' 

serve   by   substitute,   you  would  mentof  income,  oiid  a  diminution  of 

place  parties  under  military  aer<-  the  expenditure  occasioned  by  the 

vice  who  had  hitherto  been  exempt  Oafla«  war,  which  Sir  Harry  Smith 

from  it.      He  should  propose  a  said  wsa  now  at  an  end.    Lord 

measure  to  meet  those  mfficultieB.  John,  therefore,  thought  that  only 

If  it  be  prBAtioable,  he  believed  it  a  temporary  increase  of  taxation 

to  be  right  to  have  a  portion  of  our  would  t>e  required.     He  proposed 

people  trained  to  the  use  of  arms,  that  they  should  continue  the  In- 

and  capable,  on  the  breaking  ont  come  Tax,  which  would  expire  in 

of  hostilities,  of  being  marched  to  April  next,    for  five  years,  and 

any  point  at  which  uieir  services  increase  its  amount  from  Td.  ^a  1*. 

might  be  required.    But,  if  the  in  the  pound,  or  from  3  to  5  per 

House  should  come  to  the  oonclu-  cent,   for    the    next   two   years, 

sion  that  a  Militia  force  was  not  (Louif  ironieal  dtMn.)    Consider- 

desirable,  then  it  must  consider,  ing  the  distress  of  Ireland,  and  tbe 

next  year,  whether  it  would  not  be  efiorts  whioh  its   landlords    and 

expedient  to  make  an  addition  to  tenants  were  making  to  relieve  it 

the  regular  army  of  the  country.  — though  in  justice  we  had  a  right 

He   propoeed,    for   the   present,  to  impose  this  tax  upon  Ireland  as 

to  take  a  grant  of   150,000/.  to  well    as    upon    Eiwlaud — {Loud 

lay  tlie  foundation  of  this  Militia  chwn) — admitting  fully  tbe  justice 

force.  of  that  ooutse,  Ministers  oonadered 


BmgUnd.]                     HISTORY.  [39 

UMt  this  ma   not  Uie  motaient.  it  might  then  b«  applied  to  the 

{BgelamMionM  of  rftsMnt  mingUi  redaction    of    those   taxes  vfaich 

wUk  ehMnfrwH  difftmU  parti  of  pressed  most  heavilj  on  the  elastio 

tkt  Rmua.)    He  begged  boaour  springs  of  industry.    It  vss  not  in 

able  gentlemen  to  consider,  that  hia  power  at  present  to  propose 

if   tli«7   checked    the    exertions  auj  such    reduotioa.      He    had 

in  Irehwd,  thej  irould  check  also  taken  that  vhich  some  considered 

the  retaming  pnspentj  of  the  the  odious  path  of  duty ;  and  he 

United    Kingdom.     He  proposed  should  conclude  by  expreaeing  his 

the  Prc^rty  Tax  exactly  on  the  conviction,   that,  by  adopting  hi* 

«me  principles  as  diosfl  oo  tthich  enggestions,    they   would    restore 

it  WW  pTopoeed  by  Ur.  Pitt,  on  the  commercial  credit  of  the  ooud- 

which  it  was  inoreased  by  Zxirds  try,  preserve  the  public  laith  un- 

QrenriUe  and  X^nsdowne,  and  on  impaired,  and  would  run  no  danger 

wldch  it  ma  unpeaed  and  defended  of  seeing  the  empire  insulted  or 

in    184S    hj    8ii   Bobert   Feel,  injorsd  by  any  power  whatever. 

(Laufktar.)  Lord  John  RusBell  then  moved 

He  drew  attention  to  the  large  two    Resolutions,   embodying  bis 

reduction    of    datiee    which    had  plan  for  augmenting  the  Income 

taken  place  of  late  years  on  articles  Tex.  A  long  and  desultory  debate 

of  consamption  required  by  great  ensued.    Almost  all  the  speakers 

bodiee  of  Uie  people.    There  had  expressed  dismay  and  reprobation, 

been  taken  off  taxes  on  salt,  can-  Ur.   Hume  asked  whether  they 

dlee,  eoals,  leather,  beer  and  cider,  were  all  mad,  that  in  a  time  of 

glass,   sngar,  butter  and  cheese,  increasing  distress  among  manu* 

grain    and   meal,   amounttng   to  bcturera     they    should    propose 

10,543,6731.  in  late  years;  and  increased  taxation?     He  ehould 

the  iriiole  amount  of  annual  taxes  undoubtedly  propose  reduction  in 

oa  ntiolea  of  taxation  taken  off  our  esubliuiments  to  meet  the  ex- 

sinoe    the    peaoe    amounted    to  cess  of  expenditure.   Mr.  Bankee, 

39.70tt,34lZ.     The  r^«ult  of  hia  the  Uarquis  of  Granby,  Mr.  CI. 

■dieme  wonid  be  this ;    the  ex-  B.  Bobinson,  and  Mr.  Newdegate 

pendhore  being  54,S0ft,S00I.,  and  saw  in  the  disastrous  state  of  the 

die  income  51,350,0001.,  he  pro-  finances  the  result  of  free  tiade. 

poeed  to  make  up  the  deflmency  by  Mr.  Osborne  bellered  that,  if  there 

tbe  increase  of  the  Income  Tax,  had  been   a  regularly  organized 

which  he   eatimated   to  produce  Opposition,  such  a  financial  state- 

8,500,0001. ;  making  a  total  income  ment  would  never  have  been  made 

of  51,750,0001.    He  also  proposed  — ^it  would  have  been  the  death- 

to  remit  the  highly  inju^ous  du-  vrarrant    of    any  Administration; 

dea  on  copper  ore,  whidt  were  im-  Sit  Bobert  Peel  wae  now  avenged 

poeed   in    1849,    and    prpdnoed  for  Lord  John  Russell's  speecbea 

41,0001.   When  those  duties  were  against  his  Income  Tax.    Mr.  Oa- 

remitted,  he  should  have  a  aur>  borne  thought  they  might  have  in- 

plns  of  income  over  expenditure,  creased  efficiency  of  national  forces 

amounting  to  118,000/.     In  ano-  with   their   present   expenditora. 

Iher  year,  he    trusted   that    the  Sir  Benjamin  Hall  hoped  that  the 

miplna  would  be  laijgely  increased  Income  Tax  would  at  least  be  more 

by  die  ceeaation  of  die  expense  justly  distributed.     Colonel  Sib- 

eeoaeioned  by  the  Cafire  war;  and  thorp  woa  surpriced  at  no  amount 


40]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  lEn^hmd. 

of  hypocri^,    dvpluuty,    or   te^  the  addition  of  two  par  oent.  now 

siversatbn,    from    the   Treuury-  proposed  for  two  yean  onlj.  he 

bench.    Mr.  Francis  Baring  could  woidd  not  make  any  promise,  as  he 

not  concur  in  a  proposition  which  did  not  wish  to  be  taunted  with  it 

recognised  the  Incamfl  Tax  as  a  hereafUr. 

permanent  impost;  and  he  called  Lord  Palmerston  wonnd  up  the 

the  House  to  its  duty  of  inves-  debate  with  a  few  pacific  obeem- 

tigating    the   voles   proposed  by  dons,  inferring  from  the  long  dn- 

Govemmant  with  somewhat  more  ration  of  peace  its  still   longer 

rigid  attention  to  economy  than  condonance. 

had    been    the    practice.      Idr.  The  Committee  voted  6,000,000/. 

Disraeli  delivered  one  of  his  most  oat   of   the    Consolidated    Fund 

animated  criticisms  on  the  fonni-  towards  the  snpply  granted  to  Her 

dable  recurrence  of  a  Whig  deficit ;  M^ee^,  and  ordered  Lord  John 

<«k   Sir    Bobert  'Feel's    plausible  Russell's  resolutions  to  be  reported, 

professions  that  the  Income  Tax  The    nn&vourable    recepdon 

should  only  be  temporary;  on  the  which  the  Budget,  as  firat  moved, 

neolt  of  the  Reformed  Parliament  had  encountered  in  the  House  of 

manifested  in  a  oonstandy  increas-  Commons  attended  it  also  through 

ing   expenditure — on    free   trade,  the  country  at  large,  and  the  pro- 

that   great    principle    which    in-  position  for  increasing  the  Militair 

flicted  6   per  cent   Income  Tax  and  Naval  Esdmates  excited  much 

upon  us;  on  Mr.  Cobden's  vision  unfavourable    comment      By    a 

of  perpetnal  peace,  copied  from  statement   which    he    made    on 

Bt  Pierre,  Rousseau,  and  Robes-  moving  that  the  House  do  resolve 

pierre,  that  "  apostle  of  perpetual  itself  into  a  Committee  of  Supply 

peace,"  and  followed  by  M.  Cre-  three  nights  afterwards.  Sir  Chanes 

mieox's  anticipation  of  "Uberty,  Wood  endeavoured  to  soften  down 

Soality,  and  fraternity,"  the  motto  some  of  the  more  nnpleasiDg  fea- 
the  Jacobin  banner.    Mr.  Cob-  tnres  of  Lord  John  Biusell's  state- 
den  characterized  Lord  John  Bus-  ment 

aell's  speech  as  a  menace  to  France,  SirCharles  stated,  thatMinisttira 

and  enforced   the   policy  of   re-  could  not  accede  to  die  proposal  of 

ducing  the  establishments  to  the  whichMr.  Hume  had  given  notice, 

level  of  income  by  means  of  sweep-  to    postpone    the    Committee    of 

ing   retrenchments.    Mr.    Bright  Supply  on  the  Aimy  and  Navy 

followed,  in  the  same  tone.  Esdmates  tilt  the  House  had  6a- 

8ome  few  speakers  supported  the  cided  on  the  proposal  made  on  the 

Government     Sir  Charles  Wood  former    day   by   the    Firat    Lord 

defended  the  Ministerial  scheme,  of  the  Treasury.    This  would  be  a 

Mr.  Monckton   Milnes   extended  reversal  of  the  consdtntional  usage, 

to  them  the  succoar  of  a  good-  that  a  vote  of  supply  should  pre- 

natnred  apology.    Sir  Robert  In-  cede  the  consideration  of  the  Ways 

glis  gave  his  general  concurrence,  and  Means.     The   producdvenees 

In    his    defensive   speech.    Sir  of  the  taxes  could  not  laUonally 

Charles  Wood  declared  his  belief  be  the  index  of  the  amount  of  the 

that  when  the  Income  Tax  was  vote :  the  amount  should  be  vot«d 

voted  in  1646,  no  man  really  be-  according  to  the  real  exigenciee  of 

lieved  that  there  was  any  prospect  the  State,  and  the  "  ways '  in  which 

of  its  being  taken  off;  and  as  to  thatamonntshouldberaisedBhould 


EnflmJ.1 


H  ISTORY. 


[41 


aftannrdB  bea4joB^  inBCcardttDoe 
with  the  "means"  of  the  classes 
Kbo  pay  the  taxes.  Sir  Chsrles 
aUnded  to  aa  impression  vhich  had 
■risen  both  in  and  out  of  the  House, 
that  the  increased  taxation  wss 
rendered  necessary  bj  the  increased 
Estimatfls:  he  hcmed  Uiat  farther 
consideratian  of  wnat  actuallj  fell 
from  the  Prime  Minister  on  the  last 
occasion  had  shown  this  impression 
tobeentireljtmfoimded.  Tnerewas 
a  present  deficit  on  the  pest  year, 
OTBr  which  control  was  now  gone. 
Hut  must  be  met.  That  alone 
called  for  increased  taxation,  with- 
out reference  to  any  additional  or 
Snapective  demands.  These  ad- 
itMoal  demands  arose  in  connec- 
tion with  the  maintenance  of  con- 
victa — formerly  a  local  charge ;  the 
fittings  of  the  new  Houses  of  Par- 
liament ;  the  British  Museum ;  the 
expedition  in  search  of  Sir  John 
Fnnklin  ;  the  new  scale  of  pay- 
ments to  certain  petty  officers,  and 
the  new  modes  of  paying  off  sea- 
meik  and  ntarines.  None  of  these 
expenses  had  a  military  aim — not 
eyen  of  defence.  The  Government 
seriously  deprecated  any  parade  of 
■imament  The  Ministers  in  their 
proposals  meant  simply  to  act  ao- 
Gording  to  the  rule  in  such  cases  : 
a  deficiency  in  a  department  of 
pnblic  service  having  occmred, 
they  came  with  a  specific  proposal 
to  the  House  for  the  addition 
wbkb  would  fill  up  the  new  want. 
Th^  had  nothing  more  at  heart 
than  that  the  House  should  be 
folly  satisfied. 

As,  however,  necessary  explana- 
tions conid  not  convenienuy  be 
made  to  the  House  itself.  Minis- 
ters proposed  that  a  Select  and 
Secret  Committee  be  appointed  to 
exunine  how  far  the  Estimates  of 
the  Kavy,  Army,  and  Ordnance 
nugbt  be  adopted,  and  to  inquire 


generally  into  the  affairs  of  those 
departments.  This  Committee 
would  be  distinct  from  the  one  he 
intended  to  move  for  next  day  for 
inquiring  into  the  expenditure  for 
Miscelluieous  Services,  and  report- 
ing whether  any  reductions  or  im- 
provements be  practicable  under 
that  head. 

Sir  Charles  cited  precedents. 
Sir  Robert  Peel  in  1828  moved  for 
a  Finance  Committee,  and  on  that 
occasion  recounted  parallel  cases  in 
the  years  1T85,  1791, 1796,  1807. 
and  181T.  So  again  a  somewhat 
similar  Committee  sat  in  1834,  on 
the  expenditure  of  the  Colonial  De- 
partment. Complete  information 
could  be  laid  before  such  a  Select 
Committee ;  the  statements  made 
to  tho  Boose  at  large  could  only 
be  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory. 
The  constitution  of  the  Committee 
would  notin  the  least  be  infiuenced 
b^  Ministers ;  and  the  full  discus- 
BioD,  according  to  usage,  would 
take  place  in  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means. 

Meanwhile,  the  Secretaries  at 
War  and  for  the  Navy  would  pro- 
pose the  votes  necessary  for  cany- 
mg  on  the  Pnblic  Service ;  and  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Bxcheqner  de- 


quent  day.  He  movod'the  reading 
of  the  Order  of  the  Day  for  going 
into  Committee  of  Supply. 

Mr.  Hume  strongly  olgected  to 
the  course  pursued  by  the  Oovern- 
ment.  He  advocated  a  reduction 
of  expenditure  as  tlie  true  solution 
of    the    financial    difficulties.     If 

firivate  men  of  prudenee  calcu- 
ale  their  means  before  settling 
their  expenses,  the  nation  should 
do  the  like.  The  revenue  of  the 
country,  after  deducting  the  cost 
of  coUeoting,  was  about  the  same 


42]              ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

munrat  of  66,000,0001.  in  each  of  fimutioal    amiig«m«ntfl  of   these 

tbatwo  yeaiB  1846  itnil  1848.   The  several  departmeati. 

expenditure,  however,  had  varied  The  expenditare  for  the  Kavj, 

bv  on  amount  of  6,756,000i.  in  Annj,  and  Ordnance  had  moraaMd 

those  7ean~tbere  was  a  sorplus  &om    11,730,0001,    in    I8S6,    to 

in  reoeipU  of  8,800,000^  in  1846,  17.840,000i.  in  1847.     The  Army 

and   an  ezom   in   payments   of  inorease  was  inconsiderable;  the 

3,960,0001,  in  1848.     Was  this  no  Narj  inormse  was  9,600,0001. :  bat 

justification   of  his   endeavour  to  the    Ordnance    had    donbled     its 

atop  Oovemnient  till  some  inqui^  ooatsincs  1836.    That  increase  was 

had  been  made  whether  expendi'  a  very  proper  subjeot  of  inquiry, 

tore    might   not   be   somemere  On  tfaeir  acceesion  to  office,  Uinis- 

reduced?     From    400,0002.     to  ters  intimated  their  intention   of 

600,0001.    annuitieB    bad    ceased,  appointing  a  Committee  to  inqair« 

and  OoTemment  might  have  been  into  the   Miscellaneous    Expendi- 

expectedtopropose retrenchments:  tnre.     It  was  convenient  to  defer 

tbej  had  instead  proposed  an  in-  the  time  of  appointing  that  Oom- 

oresae  of  the  Income  Tax.    The  mittee  till  this  Session:  inthemean 

peoplewouldnotbesrtheadditional  time,   Mr.    Hume  had   suggested 

Durden.     Oar  navj  showed  a  great  it  etiould    not  be  confined   to  a 

waste  of  national  resaroes — ebipa  finance  inqulrf ,  but  should  inveeti- 

oselesslv  lying  in  the  Tagus,  or  ^te  the  whole  sulgeot  of  the  na- 

engagedin  the  fruitless  squadron  tional  expenditure.     Such  an  in- 

OB  the  coast  of  Africa.     Mr.  Hume  quiry  would  be  so  wide  as  to  lead 

alio  strongly  objected  to  the  pro-  to  no  result;  but  it  wae  thought 

poeed  eeoraoy  of  the  Oommittee.  vetydesir^le  that  these  Estimates 

Mr.  Ewart  and  Mr.  Sfaarman  should  be  submitted  to  a  Select 

Crawford  spoko  to  a  similar  effect.  Committee,  who   should   inqnin 

Other  Members  expressed  dis-  how  &r  our  increased  expenditurs 
approbation  of  the  Ministerial  pro-  wss  real  or  only  nominal— how  far, 
poeal,  as  tendiog  to  shift  from  the  for  instance,  increased  by  efforts  to 
shoulders  of  the  Government  their  improvetheconditicnof  oursoldiera 
oonstitntional  responsibility.  Lord  and  sailors  in  actual  service. 
John  Russell  vindicated  the  course  He  was  not  anxious  to  adhere 
proposed.  He  also  took  occasion  servilely  to  mere  precedents;  but 
to  repndiate  the  imputation  that  if  instances  were  demanded  they 
the  Estimates,  as  stated  by  him,  could  be  found  in  abundance.  Mr. 
were  War  Estimates,  or  that  they  Pitt  had  appointed  three  Corn- 
had  been  fhtmed  in  antioipation  of  mittees  of  the  kind,  in  1791, 1797, 
■  rupture  with  any  Foreign  Power,  and  180).     In  1817  Lord  Liver- 

The  next  evening,   the  Chan-  pool  gave  an  example;  in  183B 

eellor  of  the  Exchequer  brought  the  Duke  of  Wellington  furnished 

forward  his  formal  proposition  for  another ;  and  one  was  supplied  as 

appointing  two   Gomniittees — one  late  as  1834,  on  aColonial  subject, 

toinquireintotbe  Army,  Navy,  and  by  Lord  Stanley.    He  thought  that 

Ordtiance  expenditure,    the  other  neither  Mr.  Pitt,  nor  the  Duke  of 

into  the  Miscellaneous  Estimates,  Wellington,  nor  Lord  Stanley,  were 

and  to  report  to  the  House  whether  likely  to  yield  too  readily  to  pres- 

any  rednctiona  oould  be  efboted  or  sure,  or  to  avoid  official  reeponai* 

any  improvements  made   in  the  bility.    The  CommittM  of  1898 


1-3                        HISTORY.  [48 

had  raponed.  among  other  tluogi,  oonntiy,  which  if  retiated  might 
the  Amy,  Navy,    and    Ordnance,  sweep  B,\n.j  the  Income  Tsz  and 
ind  then  on  the    expsnditaie  of  the  Minietiy  together.    The  Go* 
theootmtiy.     Although  the;  Med  Tfimmeut  qnioldj  perceived    the 
in  cuTymg  out  tlieir  inqoiiiee  to  danger  of  peraeTering  in  their  pro- 
ths  fuU  extent  they  contemplated,  ject,  and  took  the  resolotion  to 
jet  snch  iofonuation  was  obtained,  retract     On  ths  36th  February, 
Hpecially  on   the    examination  of  the  Ohanoellor  of  the  Exohequer 
Sir  Henry  Hardinge,  as  led  to  the  came  down  to  the  Hoase  with  an 
p«at  and  important  reforms  in  the  amended  budget,  and  umounoed 
Admiralty  introdno«d  by  Sir  James  the  abandonment  of  the  inoreased 
Graham.     Since  that  tima,  the  ex<  Inoome  Tax.  In  making  his  atate- 
penditure  had  incareaaed  again,  and  ment  the  right  bononrable  gentle- 
fraah  ground  had  been  laid  for  in-  man  traveraed  exaotly  the  aome 
qmiy.  groonda  aa  the  Premi»  had  done 
IJoid  George  Bentinck  proteeted  in  introducing   the  budget,  con< 
against  any  encroachment  by  the  trasting  the  ordinary  income  of  the 
ComnuttAeB  on  the  proper  functions  country  with  its  ordinary  expendi' 
t£  the  ExscutiTe,  but  offered  no  tore,  and  pointing  out  the  amount  of 
farther  ohgeotioD   to  the  motion,  the  deficieni^.  He  then  adverted  to 
whidi  was  then  carried.  the  pro^wcts  of  ths  year,  oommeno- 
It  very  soon   became    evident  ing  on  Uie  6th  of  April,  1816,  and 
that  the  proposition  which   Lord  ending  on  the  5th  of  April,  1649, 
John  Bosrall  had  made  of  increas-  and  in  the  courea  of  hts  obgerrB^ 
ing  ths  nnpopular  Inoome  Tax  to  &  tiona  explained  the  nature  of  our 
per  cent  was  huihly  unpalatable  expenditure,  and  the  small  chanee 
to  the  public.     The  general  de<  there  was  of  making  any  great  re* 
preosioD  of  trade  and  reduced  cir-  ductions  in  it.    The  GoTomment 
comstancea  of  almost  all  classes,  had  not  propoaed  a  larger  amount 
consequent  upon  the    late    com*  of  force  for  the  military  service  of 
nwicial  criais,  had  indisposed  the  the  country  than  it  deemed  indis* 
eoontiy  to  bear  patiently  any  in-  pensably  necessary.    He  would  not 
crease  of  tszatiou.     Besides  this,  allude,  except  cursorily,  to  the  ex< 
«  keen  sense  of  the  inequality  of  temal  circumstances   which   had 
the  mode  of  taxing  incomes,  ao-  occurred  since  the  Estimates  were 
cording  to  the  uniform  3  per  cent,  first  proposed ;  it  would  be  enough 
Male,    generally  prevailed;   and,  for  him    to    say,  that   it  would 
however   the    existing   grievanoa  not    be    expedient   for   the    Go- 
ndii be  endured,  the  sggiavation  veromeDt  to  propose  at  present 
of  It,  as  now  proposed  by  iacreasing  any  redaction  in  the  amount  of 
the  per-oentage,  was  vigorously  pro-  oar  force.    He  then  went  through 
tested  against.     Petitions  poured  the  different  resources  from  which 
in  from  all  the  piinoipal  towna  in  our  income  for  the  next  year  was 
the    oonutiy,     canatituencies    in-  to   be    derived,    estimating  it  at 
stmoted  their  Members  to  oppose,  61,350,000/.,   and   showing   that 
on  pain  of  forfeiting  their  future  there  would  be  a  deficiency  in  it  of 
support,  the  UinisteiiU  measure,  3,300,OUOi.  to  meet  oar  expendi- 
aad  it   became  evident,    from    a  ture  in  case  the  Income  Tax  at  8 
variety  of  symptoms,  that  a  form-  per  cent,  were  oontiiiiied,  and  of 
idaUeagiutu«iwas  rising  Qpinthe  8,000,0001.  in  case  it  were  not. 


44]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  {Engh^d. 

In  lookJDg  to  the  best  mode  of  pro-  proposed  to  reneir  it.  Whether  it 
viding  for  this  defidency,  be  con-  should  be  reneved  for  three  or  for 
cnrred  niih  Mr.  T.  Baring  in  five  years  was  a  point  to  be  con- 
thinking  that  we  should  not  be  sidered  in  Committee ;  but  the  Go- 
justified  in  resorting  to  a  loan,  verometit  had  proposed  to  renew  it 
He  had,  therefore,  turned  his  at-  for  five  years,  because  it  was  of 
tention  to  the  financial  proceed-  opinion  tbat  the  country  could  not 
ings  of  the  last  few  years,  and  had  thoroughly  recover  ita  financial 
considered  the  measures  which  had  prosperity  until  the  expiration  of 
been  sanctioned  and  approved  by  that  period.  Stilt,  if  toe  Income 
Farliameot.  In  1643,  when  there  Tax  were  passed  at  the  same  per- 
was  a  deficiency.  Sir  R.  Peel  had  centage  as  at  present,  there  w«ild 
proposed  an  Income  Tax,  partly  to  be  a  deficiency.  It  therefore  be- 
meet  it,  and  partly  to  relieve  the  came  neceasaiy  to  condder  how  it 
lower  classes  from  the  pressure  of  was  to  be  supplied.  The  Mi- 
indirect  taxation  upon  articles  of  nistr^  were  of  opinion  tbat  the 
general  taxation.  His  (the  Chan-  deBciency  would  only  be  for  a 
cellor  of  the  Exchequer's,)  opposi-  time.  The  Caffre  war  was  already 
tion  to  the  Income  Tax  in  18)3  wag  at  an  end.  Theexpenditarein  the 
grounded  on  the  argument  that  it  dockyards  would  cease  in  eighteen 
was  not  worth  the  price  which  wc  months  or  two  years,  when  the 
were  then  called  on  to  pay  for  it ;  conntiy  would  reap  the  benefit  of 
but  he  had  then  stated  that,  if  the  the  pennanant  works  which  had 
Com  Duties,  the  Timber  Dudes,  been  erected.  A  reduction  of  ex- 
and theSogarDutiesweretakenofi',  penditure  might  also  be  e£Fected 
he  should  have  no  olgection  to  vote  by  the  Committees  recently  ap- 
for  the  tax  which  he  then  opposed,  pointed  by  the  House.  It  would 
Those  taxes  had  since  been  taken  be  hardly  wise  to  impose  a  new  tax 
off ;  and  he  therefore  felt  himself  for  a  time,  as  such  a  tax  must  have 
justified  in  proposing  in  1648  the  effect  of  deranging  trade  without 
the  vetT  same  law  which  he  had  any  corresponding  benefit.  A  per- 
opposed  in  1643.  He  then  re-  centage  on  the  existing  taxes  would 
minded  the  House  of  what  had  oo-  in  all  probability  fail  in  producing 
curred  in  1645,  when  Sir  Bobert  increased  revenue.  Under  such  cir- 
Pecl  proposed  the  continuance  cumstaiiceB,theGoTernment,know- 
of  the  Income  Tax  for  the  sake  ing  that  the  Income  Tax  could  he 
of  persevering  in  the  commercial  increased  immediately  without  any 
policy  of  184S,  and  of  taking  off  increased  expenditure  in  the  col- 
further  duties  on  the  raw  materials  lection  of  it,  had  determined  to 
of  our  manufactures,  and  on  articles  propose  an  increase  of  it  to  5  per 
of  general  consumption.  Various  cent.,  to  continue  for  two  years, 
propositions  were  then  mode  for  Having  stated  that  it  would  not  be 
the  purpose  of  amending  the  Act,  politic  to  extend  such  a  tax  for  so 
hut  no  one  got  ap  and  opposed  it  short  a  period  to  Ireland,  and  hav- 
altogether.  The  House  of  Com-  ing  further  added  that,  if  it  were 
mons sanctioned  it;  and  it  would  a  tax  for  more  than  a  temporaiy 
be  a  most  extraordinary  coarse  for  emergency,  itwould  he  just  to  make 
the  Government  to  come  forward  Ireland  pay  it,  he  replied  to  the 
now  and  propose  to  reverse  it.  question  whether  he  would  pledge 
The  Qovemment  had,  therefore  himself  to  take  it  off  from  Great 


E«9i««i.l                    HISTORY.  [45 

BntMQ  »t  the  end  of  two  jeais—  addition  to  the  Fropertr  Tax.  He 
Could  utj  man  foTOsee  what  the  made  that  annonncenient,  he  re> 
■Meof  taeworldvodldbetwoj'ears  peated,  vith  regret,  beoauee  at  tbe 
ixeTennxmontl)shence?Howloi]g  present  moment  he  considered  « 
was  it  nnce  k  gentleman,  recently  liill  Exchequer  to  be  very  desirable, 
retomed  from  France,  had  told  and  he  ehould  be  sorry  to  draw  on 
them  that  the  French  people  could  the  balances,  which  were  now  high, 
hftTe  no  olQeet  in  making  a  rerolu-  for  any  part  of  the  deficiency.  He 
tion?  Who  ooold  have  foreseen,  ten  hoped  at  all  erents  that  the  House 
dajB  ago,  what  had  occorred  in  would  not  refuse  to  Government 
Paris  daring  the  laat  week  ?  the  present  Income  Tax  for  three 
Making,  then,  no  promise  on  the  years,  as  it  could  not  conduct  afiairs 
■abject,  he  thonght  that  no  man  without  having,  for  that  time,  the 
eoold  doobt  that  the  increased  p«-  same  average  revenue  which  it 
eentage  for  two  years  would  ha  had  at  present. 
taken  off  at  the  end  of  that  time,  Mr.  Hume  defied  the  Chan- 
provided  that  our  income  rose  to  cellor  of  the  Exchequer  to  continue 
the  level  of  the  last  year ;  and,  if  it  the  Property  Tax  vrith  alt  its  pre- 
did,  it  would  leave  as,  at  the  end  sent  inequalities.  He  was  also  of 
of  two  years,  a  surplus  of  700,000(.  opinion,  after  what.  Sir  C.  Wood 
He  had  now  explained  to  tiie  had  said  about  the  improbability  of 
Honae  the  proposab  of  Ministers,  making  any  large  reductions,  Uiat 
He  could  not  say  that  they  had  been  the  House  ought  not  to  grant  him 
well  received,  either  in  tite  House  this  tax  at  aU ;  for  then  the  Go- 
or  in  the  country.  From  every  vemment  would  be  compelled,  as 
quartet  Ministers  bad  received  un-  tbe  Government  of  181S  was  com- 
eqnivocal  demonstrationa  that  they  pelled,  to  reduce  establishments, 
were  strongly  disapproved  of.  He  Alluding  to  Lord  J.  Russell's 
then  took  a  hasty  review  of  the  declaration  of  pacific  intentions 
different  otgections  raised  to  the  towards  France,  he  called  upon 
Income  Tax,  as  well  by  those  who  bis  lordship  to  produce  confidence 
ifiproved  as  by  those  who  dia>  in  it  among  the  French  people 
approved  of  direct  taxation,  and,  by  diminishing  the  amount  of 
after  refuting  them  to  the  best  of  our  forces  by  40,000  or  60,000 
his  power,  expreesod  his  r^ret  that  men. 

there  was  bo  universal  a  dislike  to  Mr.  Osborne  followed  on  the 
the  increased  per-centage  which  same  side,  and  threatened  to  op- 
Lord  J.  Russell  hod  proposed.  He  pose  the  Income  Tax  by  the  most 
thought  that,  if  the  conntry  would  energetic  means  in  his  power, 
■nbtnit  to  that  increase,  it  would  Mr.  Waklay  recommended  the 
derive  great  advantage  from  it;  Government  to  withdraw  the  reso- 
bat,  if  there  were  any  point  on  lutions  altogether.  The  budget 
which  the  people  had  a  right  to  bubble  had  burst;  it  was  exploded 
dictate  to  the  Government,  it  was  —gone.  He  assured  Ministers 
on  tbe  subject  of  taxation.  He  that  a  feeling  of  impatience  was 
therefore  announced  at  once  to  tbe  rising  and  spreading  over  the  king- 
Honse,  on  the  part  of  the  Govern-  dom,  engendered  by  bad  and  un- 
ment,  that  it  did  not  intend  to  press  j^t  legislation  in  Parliament.  Sir 
tliose  resolations  which  made  an  Hany  Vemey  suggested  import- 


46]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [BngUmL 

■nt  improvements  in  Bome  mili-  observations  on  ths  unsatiaSutfoiy 
taiy  dep&rtmente — BBpeoiallj  in  tni  fruitleaa  turn  which  the  dis- 
regard bi  enltBtmeDte.  Mr.  Fian-  otiasion  had  takeni  pnxieeded  to 
us  Baring  approved  of  the  course  advert  to  some  remaAB  which  had 
Government  had  now  taken ;  but  blleii  from  Mr.  Oobden.— "  That 
insisted  that  reductions  should  be  honourable  gentleman,  after  what 
made,  not  by  the  Committees,  bat  1  remarked  to-night — and  I  be- 
bf  Government.  Mr.  Oobden  Ueve  be  most  admit  that  his 
joined  in  the  protest  against  the  propheoj  was  not  a  veij  sncoeas- 
present  shape  of  the  tu  on  pre-  nil  one— -{LaughUr) — has  tried  to 
oariouB  income.  He  found  no  out-  excite  a  suspicion,  and  to-induce 
let  from  the  diffiaulties  which  the  those  in  this  House,  and  perhaps 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  had  those  oat  of  doors,  to  think  that 
stated,  save  through  reductions  of  I  was  not  sincere  In  the  deola- 
ouF  establishments,— effeotive  as  radon  I  made,  and  that,  when  I  in- 
well  as  non-effective.  Mr.  Cobden  timatad  we  did  not  mean  to  inter- 
oonfeased  that,  when  he  had  lately  fere  with  any  disposal  of  her  own 
spoken  against  the  probability  of  any  institutions  whitji  France  might 
but  the  most  peaceful  aspect  of  af-  ohoose  to  make,  I  still  meant  we 
fairs  in  France,  he  was  unprepared  were  to  be  led  by  some  *  coteries 
for  tfle  political  revolution  which  and  clubs '  to  go  to  war  with  Uiat 
has  occurred — for  suob  insanity  in  nation,  because  she  had ,  adopted 
a  Minister,  oi  such  madness  in  a  some  particular  form  of  govein- 
Monuch.  Let  them  mark  himi  ment.  Now,  I  can  only  reiterate 
if  it  were  the  policy  of  ths  GoTsm-  what  I  said  before,  that  it  is  not 
ment  of  this  country  to  avoid  a  the  intention  of  the  Oovemmsut  to 
collision  with  France,  it  was  per-  interfere,  in  any  way  whatever,  with 
fectly  easy  for  England  to  avoid  it.  whatever  settlement  France  may 
He  ventured  to  say  that  England  think  proper  to  make  with  respect 
was  the  last  country  that  France  to  ber  own  government  [Chten.) 
was  likely  to  attack  as  a  nation.  Qui  only  interest  in  that  settle- 
inasmuch  as  we  were  inaoeesible,  ment  is  the  interest  of  naighbonrs 
But,  unless  the  people  of  this  ooun-  and  friends ;  and  all  we  wish  is 
try  took  the  question  into  their  that  the  institutions  France  may 
own  hands,  there  was  a  danger  of  adopt  shall  tend  as  much  as  pos- 
war  with  France;  if  it  were  left  sible  to  her  own  prosperiiy. 
with  the  Foreign  Secretary — if  it  (Cheen.)  I  may,  perhaps,  be  per- 
were  left  to  the  clubs  and  cote-  mitted  to  add,  that  of  course  I  do 
ries  of  the  KletropoHa,  or  to  the  not  believe  England  would  refuse 
spirit  he  had  seen  evinced  that  to  perform  any  of  those  sacred 
night  in  reference  to  the  state  of  duties  of  hospitality  which  she  has 
France— he  feared  we  mightbe  in-  performed  at  all  times  to  the 
Tolved  in  a  war ;  and  he  took  that  vanquished,  whoever  they  were, 
opportunity  of  calling  upon  the  whether  of  extreme  royalist  opi- 
oountiy  to  beware  of  what  would  nions,  of  moderate  opinions,  or  of 
be  impending  if  they  did  not  extreme  liberal  opinions.  Those 
take  the  matter  into  their  own  duties  of  hospitality  have  made 
hands.  this  country  Uie  asylum  for  ths 
Lord  John  Uossell,  after  some  unfortunate;  and  I  for  one  will 


En^tmd.]  HISTORY.  [47 

MT«r  auBMit  thst  we  shaald  nag-  tax ;  u  «*il  pardoned  in  a  tompo- 

lect  them."  {Loud  ckttn.)  my  impoet,  out  intolerable  in  one 

Mr.  Disraeli  aubeoribed  to  the  that  has  evidently  become  perma- 

inle  tbat  obaerrationB  ehould  be  re-  nent    He  illoatrated  thia  position 

aerred  till  the  measurea  they  ooo-  by  quotations  from  former  speecheai 

oemed  were  fairly  before  the  House,  in  which  Lord  John  Ruaaell  had 

He  proceeded,  lioweTar,  to  critioM  boreia  teetimony  to  the  inherent 

the  pnipoaitioii  of  Oovemment  in  "  ineqtudity,  vexation,  and  Irand  " 

a  speech  of  aome  length.     Several  of  the  tax.  Mr.  Horsman  suggested 

other  Members  aleo  censnred  the  a  different  plan,  of  which  we  need 

Ministerial  plans,  insisting  on  re-  only  mention  tiie  main  features, 

dsdiona  and  economy.  He  showed  that  incomes  derived 

Bir  Robert  H.  Inglis  auggested  from  different  Idnds  of  property 

atamp  dutiee  on  foreign  bills  of  ex-  are  of  different  values ;  that  the 

change,   and  a  tax  on  gas.     Ha  juat  way  to  ascertain  a  common 

also  urged   an  old  suggestion  of  value  was  to  capitalize  the  incomes, 

hia  own,  that  the  taxation  on  in-  and  then  to  oJculate  the  tax  on 

cmaea  should  begin  at  1601.,  such  each  kind  of  yearly  income  aocord- 

inomoaa  to  be  rated  only  on  the  ex-  ing  to  a  ratio  determined  by  its 

ceaa  above  1501.  c^talixed  value.     To  apply  this. 

The  question  of  the  Income  Tax  ana  rearrange  the  tax  bo  as  to  pro- 
having  been  once  stirred  by  the  un-  duce  at  least  the  present  amount 
luekj  proposition  of  the  Govern-  by  a  different  scale,  be  took  as  hia 
ment  for  augmenting  it,  the  popular  basis  the  returns  obtained  by  Mr. 
feeling  against  the  tax,  even  in  ita  Mofiatt,  for  the  year  ending  6th  of 
original  shape,  revived,  and  the  April,  1846;  and,  instead  of  a  uui 
otgeotiona  so  often  urged  t^nat  form  rate  of  Td.  in  the  pound,  he 
it  were  forcibly  represented  both  propoeed  the  following  rales,— 8<f. 
in  Parliament  and  out  of  doors,  in  the  pound  on  incomes  arising 
The  poasibili^  of  remodelling  it,  from  realized  property;  6d.  on 
so  as  to  place  it  upon  a  more  eqni-  trade,  commerce,  and  manufitc- 
taUe  basis  in  regard  to  different  tures;  dd.  on  professional  and  oilier 
classes  of  incomes,  was  much  agi-  precarious  sources.  This  would 
tated,  and  several  debates  took  yield  300,000^  more  than  the  pre. 
place  in  the  House  of  Commons  sent  revenue, 
anon  motions  introduced  by  private  Sir  Charles  Wood  and  Lord 
Memben.  One  of  the  most  pku-  John  Bussell  contended  that  Mr. 
aible  of  the  plans  propoeed  was  Horsman's  plan  would  be  more 
embodied  in  an  smendmMit  moved  odious  than  the  present,  because  it 
1^  Mr.  HoTsman  on  the  9rd  of  would  require  a  more  inquisitorial 
March,  to  the  following  effect : —  machinery. 

"That,  if  the  Income  Tax  be        Mr.FrancisBaringuiigedtheMi- 

eontinned,  it  is  expedient  to  amend  nisters  to  attempt  the  a^justmeDt 

the  Act,  and  not  to  impose  the  of  the  tax  on  a  &irer  basis:  merely 

same  charge  on  incomes   arising  to  continue  it  was  only  to  post- 

from  [oefeeaioaal  and  precariona  pone  a  difficulty  with  which  the^ 

sources  aa  on  those  derived  from  ought  to  grapple  at  onoe ;  for,  if 

lealisednropertj."  the  tax  were   not  rendered  more 

Mr.  Ataman  dwelt  on  the  ex-  acceptable,     the    country    would 

eaanvely  im«qual  inddmce  of  the  compel    ita    abolition.       Several 


48]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  184S.  [E»j!".J. 

other  speakera  joined  is  the  de-  natural  and  commercial  calaiaitiea 

hat«,    the   balance    of   argument  that  had  occurred  had  deranged 

eoing  against  the  tax.     But,  on  a  all  calculation,  and  brought  atwat 

division,  the  amendment  was  nega-  the  present  state  of  the  national 

tived  by  310  to  141.  finances.     He  could  not  sa;  that 

A  financial  debate  of  more  im-  he  saw  any  early  prospect  of  re- 

portance  took  place  on  the  6th  of  vival ;  because,  if  there  were  no 

Uarch  upon  another  amendment,  other  circumatance  to  interrupt  its 

which  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Hume,  progress,  he  feared  the  stat«  of 

for  altering  the  period  for  the  re-  affairs  abroad,  and  the  uncertainty 

newal  of  the  Income  Tax  from  that  this  would  produce  in  trade 

three  years  ta  one  year.  and  commerce,  would  prevent  a  re 

Sir  Charles  Wood  opposed  the  vival  at  an  early  period :  but  that 
proposition,  and  appealed  to  the  was  a  reason  for  continuing  the  In- 
House  to  support  bim  in  sustain-  come  Tax  for  a  longer  period  than 
ing  the   national  credit.      If   he  a  year. 

entertained  any  doubt  that  the  Mr.  Spooner,  Captain  Towns- 
revenue  would  in  a  certain  time  hend,  and  Mr.  G.  J.  Turner  dwelt 
not  only  restore  the  balances  now  strongly  on  the  ui^ust  operation 
drawn  upon  for  present  deficien-  of  the  tax.  Sir  William  Clay  sup- 
cies,  but  also  exhibit  a  large  surplus,  ported  the  measure  as  proposed  by 
he  would  not  make  his  proposal,  the  Govemment,  Mr.  lAbouchere, 
If  the  means  of  additional  taxation  taking  the  same  course,  pointed 
were  refused  by  the  House,  and  to  some  encouraging  fiictB  esta- 
the  only  course  remaining  were  also  blishing  the  financial  progress  of  the 
denied  to  the  Government,  the  re-  country.  Sir  Robert  Peel  (having 
pudiation  would  lie  at  the  door  of  been  reflected  on  by  some  animao- 
the  House  itself.  He  thought  versions  of  preceding  speakers  with 
that  the  aditional  Income  Tax  had  reference  to  the  mode  in  which  the 
better  have  been  acceded  to;  but,  Income  Tax  was  carried)  vindicated 
surely,  he  continued,  the  House  his  own  conduct,  and  that  of  the 
was  bound,  under  the  circum-  majority  who  passed  it.— When  in 
stances,  to  grant  the  renewal  of  the  1841  he  was  called  to  the  Ministry, 
tax  for  such  a  time  as  would  enable  there  had  been  a  succession  of  d»- 
the  Government  to  realize  a  sur-  ficits  from  the  year  1636.  The 
plus.  If  they  did  not,  public  credit  aggregate  deficiencies  of  the  years 
would  undoubtedly  suffer;  and  he  from  1836  to  the  Sth  April  1643, 
must  say  that,  let  whoever  might  he  had  estimated  at  not  less  than 
undertake  the  task,  of  carrying  on  lO.UOO.OOO/.  The  House  had 
the  Oovemment  in  such  circum-  itself  capsed  a  large  part  of 
stances,  Her  Majesty's  present  ad-  that  deficiency  by  surrendering  to 
visers  would  not  consent  to  so  dis>  the  nation  a  revenue  of  nearly 
creditable  a  course.  1,SOO,000/.  a  year  ^m  the  Foet 

Sir  Charles  reviewed  the  history  office,  and  had  thought  itself  bound 
of  the  tax;  denied  that  it  was  im-  to  make  an  attempt  in  support  of 
posed  on  the  country  by  stealth;  public  credit.  What  was  the  source 
and  asserted  that  it  was  part  of  the  whence  to  obtiun  any  augmenta- 
scheme  of  commeroial  reform  since  tion  of  the  revenue  ?  Eiperiraents 
carried  out  by  the  1at«  and  the  made  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
present  Oovemmenla.    The  great  chequer  of  the  day,  in  1641,  had 


B»«U»UIO                       HISTORY.  40 

ianoDBtisted  that  indirect  taxsdau  pest  might  drop.    He  rejoiced  to 

bkd  mlready  been  tasked  to  its  fnll  believe  that  the  experiment  had 

pDwen;  the  additional  10  per  cent  been  greatly  Buccessfd,  tbou^  un- 

on  CnBtama   and  Excise    hsTing  exampled   natural  calamities   had 

jielded  but  700,000/.  in  place  of  disappointed  his   fullest   expecta- 

tlie  1,900,0001.   looked  for.     Not  tiona.      He  exclaimed— "As  long 

■9  with  direct   taxation ;   the  10  as  I  live  I  shall  never  repent  that 

par  cent,   added   to  the  assesBed  I  proposed  that  alteration  in  the 

taxes  having,  io  plac«  of  the  ex-  oommercia]  policy  of  the  country ; 

pected     ai5.000L,     given    above  and  that  I  induced  the  House  of 

300,000^     Such  was  the  financial  Command— not  by  fasdnatioii,  not 

part  of  the  case ;  but  there  was  the  by  deception,  but  by  a  full  and  ex- 

eommercial    also.      It    had  been  plitut  statement  of  the  financial 

tfaoogbt  deairahle  to  remodel  the  afTairs  of  the  country — tc  continue 

Cnatoms  Duties  of  the  kingdom ;  the  tax ;  and  that  I  induced  the 

to  remove  all  prohibitions,  and  to  House,  in  lieu  of  the  largo  reduction 

aimpKfy  the  protective  taiiff  to  an  of  duties  upon  imports,  to  impose  a 

immenaa  extent,  by  a  &r  more  tax  upon  the  income  and  property 

imiibrni   system  of  dutiea.     The  of  the  country."    (ChMrt.) 

dtttiea  on  TOO  articles  were  to  be  Sir  Bobert  Peel  then  dealt  with 

lowered,  and  on  SOO  were  to  be  the  qiieetion  of  the  incidence  of  the 

repealed.  The  advantages  to  trade  tax.     "Taking  the  circumstances 

were  expected  to  be  immense ;  but  of  individual  cases  into  oonsidera- 

they  could  only  be  had  at  the  price  tton,  instances  of  hardship  cannot 

of  T,000,OOOL  to  the  public  reve-  be  denied ;  but  I  do  not  assent  to 

Bue.    How  would  it  have  been  poa-  the  propoeition  that  It  is  there- 

Bible  to  accomplish  such  financial     fore  an  unjust  tax If  you 

otgects,  end  such  a  commercial  were  to  attempt  to  make  a  dis- 
revohition,  but  on  the  foundation  tinction  such  as  the  honourable 
of  the  Income  Tax?  In  full  oog-  Member  for  Cookermouth  has  sug- 
nizanoe  of  these  things,  the  House  gested,  it  would  be  fallacious,  and 
■Bsented  to  (he  scheme  of  fin^nnial  the  same  difficulties  whioh  are 
policy  sahmitted  to  it.  now  pointed  out  in  respect  to  the 
Sir  Ilobert  Fael  then  reamitn-  inoomes  of  professional  men  and 
lated  the  drcumstaneeain  which  hia  owners  of  real  property  would 
IneomeTax  bad  originated,  as  con-  occur.  No  principle  ean,  in  my 
oected  with  the  great  enteriment  opinion,  be  devised  which  would  he 
of  Free  Trade.  He  appealed  to  his  more  just— or,  I  would  rather  say, 
former  speeches,  and  to  the  hmous  would  be  more  firee  from  otgection 
Elbing  letter,  to  prove  that  the  — than  that  which  you  are  desirous 
tax  had  been  intended  as  the  faun-  of  seeing  removed." 
dalion  of  a  commensal  pdJcy  He  should  give  his  decided  sup- 
aimed  at  the  removal  of  vexatioaB  port  to  the  Mmiaterial  proposition 
end  onerona  reatrietiens.  In  pro-  to  renew  the  tax  for  three  years, 
poong  the  tax,  ke  had  bad  no  eorert  Ha  had  himself  been  alarmed  at 
flaBignafpeipetaatiDgit,hut  had  felt  the  great  increase  of  expenditure ; 
eaognine  hopes  that  the  proeperi^  and  in  giving  ooneent  to  that  pro- 
of trade,  under  the  poliqr  of  relaxa-  position  he  aaid  nothing  in  denial 
tion.  would  have  so  incteased  the  of  the  necessily  for  moit  searching 
oidintiy  reveoue  that  tbe  new  im-  inveatigatioas.  If  the  Qovem- 
VoL.  XC.  [E] 


60                ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [En^iawf: 

men  t  had  called  more  streouatisly  in  which  euoh  a  wonderful  social 

for   the    means  to    relieve  their  revolution  has  taken  place.    {Loud 

financial  wants  he  would  have  sup-  ckeen.]      I    hope,  however,    that 

ported  them.     Still,   he  did  not  we  ehall    not  &il  to  exercise  the 

blame  them  for  the  discretion  tbe^  rights  of   hospitality.      I  heard, 

had  used   in   retiring  from  their  with  great  satisfaction,  the  decla- 

proposal  to  increase  the  tax.     The  ration  that  onr  Government  has 

difficulties  of  their  situation  were  wisely  determined  to  abstain  from 

vei7  great.     "  I  am  quite  aware  all  interference   in   the  internal 

that  it  is  probable  there  may  be  concerns  of  France ;   and  I  am 

some    increase  of    revenue  from  convinced  that  the  principle  so  pro- 

tiie  ordinary  sources.     Some  oh-  claimed  will  be  act«d  upon  with 

servations  nave  been  made  with  perfect  good  faith  and  scrupulous 

regard  to  the  recovery  of  the  Cus-  honour,  and  that  the  Government 

toms:  but  I  must  say  that  there  will  not  only  abstain  from  any  such 

never  was  such  a  combination  of  interference  on  its  own  part,  but 

circumstances  as  those  by  which  will  discourage  any  abuse  of  our 

the  trade  and  commercial  energies  hospitality  for  the  purpose  of  in- 

of  the  country  have  for  the  last  terference  on  the  part  of  others." 

two  years  been   aSected;   and  I  (Cheen.) 

feel  it  tny  duty,  in  this  day  of  com-  Lord  George  Bentinck  endea- 
mercial  depression,  to  assert  my  voured  to  reply  to  Sir  Bobert  Peel's 
continued  adherence  to  the  prin-  exculpatory  speech,  ui^g  the 
ciples  on  which  the  remissions  in  usual  arguments  of  the  Protec- 
the  Customs  Duties  took  place,  tionist  party  in  favour  of  msing 
(pheen.)  I  have  the  firmest  con-  large  revenoes  by  taxes  on  foreign 
fideocc  in  the  justice  of  those  re-  imports.  He  preferred  the  restora- 
missions."  tion  of  some  of  the  abandoned 
Sir  Bobert  concluded  with  an  duties  on  timber,  com,  cotton,  Ac- 
allusion  to  the  events  abroad.  "I  as  sources  of  income,  which  would 
must  ovm  I  shall  be  influenced  in  soon  restore  the  prosperity  of  the 
my  support  of  the  proposal  made  Exchequer.  He  then  referred  to 
by  the  Government  by  a  reference  the  events  passing  in  France;  dis- 
to  the  wonderful  events  which  have  claiming,  like  Sir  R.  Peel,  the  de- 
taken  place  within  a  very  recent  sire  to  interfere  with  the  institu- 
perjod  in  a  neighbouring  country,  tiona  which  the  French  people 
{Loud  chMn.)  I  think  they  are  might  adopt,  and  expressing  his 
an  ample  justification  for  this  coun-  hope  that  a  Republican  form  of 
try'  not  consenting  to  incur  any  Government  might  prove  as  last- 
risk  of  a  larger  deficit  for  a  period  ingly  advant^eous  to  that  country 
of  three  years.  I  conceive  it  to  be  as  it  had  proved  to  our  great  Traos- 
utterly  inconsistent  with  sound  atlantic  rivals.  At  the  same  lime, 
policy  not  to  make  any  reference  to  he  said,  he  could  not  conceal  from 
events  which  must  have  filled  us  himself  the  possible  result  from 
all  with  astonishment.  •  Of  this  I  the  present  changes  of  the  ascend- 
am  perfectly  con6deiit.  that  the  ancy  of  ambitious  leaders,  who 
tjue  policy  ^  this  country  dictates  might  force  the  country  into  mea- 
the  most  complete  and  absolute  sures  of  tentorial  aggrandisement, 
abstinence  from  all  interference  in  He,  therefore,  could  not  consent 
the  internal  affairs  of  that  country  for  a  moment  to  leave  the  military 


KmjfJiuL]                        HISTORY.  51 

or  vxnl  strangtli  of  this  ooantij  rieocj'ofreTenne.sBcompered  whh 
in  tn  iropured  condition.  To  the  expenditure,  woold  be  to  can;  out 
sources  of  revenue  he  had  indicated  the  same  policj ;  and  as  he  foresaw 
he  would  add  the  sam  to  be  de-  cootinaed  difficultj  and  deficiene; 
rived  from  rsising  the  general  for  the  next  year,  he  could  not 
poetage  on  letters  to  twice  its  pre.  concur  with  Mr.  Kume  in  contino- 
sent  anxtimt.  From  this  soorce  ing  the  Income  Tax  for  so  short  a 
he  should  expect  8!>0.00<M. ;  and  time.  He  rindicated  an  Income  Tax 
from  the  whole  he  computed  as  a  proper  element  in  the  taxation 
that  an  income  of  ifiiO.OOOl.  of  the  country,  bat  insisted  on  the 
would  be  derived.  His  adrice  to  necessi^  and  praclicability  of  ren- 
the  House  was  this: — Let  tbem  dering  it  a  fair  and  equal  tax. 
ke«p  a  ti^t  band  on  the  GoTem-  With  such  a  prospect  for  the  ensn- 
ment;  let  them  hold  to  this  tax  ing  year,  Mr.  WIIgod  maintained 
for  anoUier  year;  and  when  that  that  it  would  be  most  dangerous 
term  had  expired  it  would  be  for  policy  to  entertain  the  Budget  in 
them  then  to  consider  whether  the  its  present  ah^>e,  without  distinctly 
expenditure  could  be  reduced,  if  providing  for  the  deficiency.  Mr. 
such  an  event  were  posssible.  under  Cardwell  followed  up  the  same 
their  free  imports  and  restricled  tine  of  aigoment 
currency ;  or  whether,  on  the  other  Mr.  Disraeli  undertook  to  answer 
hand,  diey  would  r^ect  this  tax  these  speeches.  He  denied  the 
and  adopt  s  different  system.  success  of  Sir  Robert  Peel's  policy. 
The  debate  having  been  ad-  The  aggregate  national  income 
jonmed,  Mr.  James  Wilson,  in  an  had  fallen  off  to  the  extent  of 
elaborate  speech,  replete  with  sta^  17.500,000/.;  and  if  the  public  debt 
tistical  detail,  vindicated  the  com-  bad  been  reduced  by  20,000,0001., 
mercial  and  financial  policj  of  Sir  the  reason  was,  that  89,000,000/, 
Robert  Peel,  and  undertook  to  had  been  raised  from  Income  Tax, 
prove  by  fJEu^ts  and  figures  its  ab-  China-money,  and  such  extraor- 
solute  success.  The  speech  of  Mr.  dinaiy  sources.  Mr.  Disraeli — 
Wilson  wan  generally  regarded  ss  a  describing  himself  as  "a  free- 
very  able  one.  He  showed  that,  trader,  but  not  a  free-hooter  of  the 
Dotwithslanding  the  leductjon  of  Maiicbesler  school" — went  on  to 
taxee  to  the  amount  of  7,897,000/.,  crittcise  Sir  Robert  Peel's  policy  in 
the  decrease  in  the  aggregate  re-  bis  pecnliar  style  of  analysis ;  his 
ceipts  of  Customs  ana  Euise  in  arguments  not  being  so  new  as 
184T  had  been  only  about  700,000/.  some  of  his  illustrationB  and  turns 
In  1842  the  Deficiency  Bills  were  of  expression.  He  contended  that 
6,000,000/. ;  in  1847  none,  and  the  Sir  Robert  Peel  bad  abandoned  his 
Funded  Debt  has  been  reduced  by  policy  of  1842.  which  was  based  on 
14,000,000/.  In  1842  our  ex-  a  firuitlesa  expectation  of  com- 
ports  were  47,000,000/. ;  in  184S,  mercial  "  reciprocity,"  and  had,  in 
67,000,000/.  The  distress  arising  1845,  introduced  two  new  prin- 
from  the  famine,  which  we  had  ciplee  —  that  of  the  "  cheapest 
shared  with  other  countries,  would  market,"  and  that  of  fighting 
have  been  much  worse,  but  that  hostile  tarifib  by  free  imports: 
this  policy  had  been  adopted  just  hence,  our  present  commercial 
in  time.  Mr.  Wilson  argued,  that  dbtrese  and  financial  defiint;  which 
the  way  to  make  good  the  defi-  onght  to  be  made  good  by.  the 
[El!) 


62 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.       [England. 


aathors  of  sach  inisohievons  policy. 
Mr.  Disraeli  called  the  blue  book 
of  the  Import- Duties  Committee 
"  the  greatest  work  of  imagincKion 
that  tbe  nineteenth  centiuy  had 
produced;"  he  likened  theOoTem- 
inent,  acting  on  Eooh  guides,  to  a 
man  smoking  a  oigar  on  a  barrel  of 
gunpowder ;  and  warned  Mr.  Cob- 
den  and  Mr.  Bright — the  repre- 
sentatiTee  of  "  peace  and  plenty," 
in  the  face  of  a  starving  people  and 
a  world  in  arms — not  to  venture 
on  middle^lass  legislation  against 
realized  property. 

Mr.  Glaoatone,  passing  by  the 
clever  declamatioii  and  witty  per- 
sonalities of  Mr,  Disraeli,  faanaled 
the  subjeot  before  the  Bouse  with 
logical  clearness,  and  vindicated, 
by  reference  to  faots  and  statistical 
deductions,  the  complete  success  of 
Sir  Robert  Peel's  free-trade  policy. 
Hia  ooncluaion  was  to  support  tlie 
proposition  of  the  Oovemment  in 
preference  to  that  of  Mr.  Hume, 
as  absolutely  necessary  for  the  sus- 
tentation  of  public  credit. 

The  debat«  being  again  ad- 
jonmed,  was  renewed  on  the  13th ; 
the  Ministerial  pn^osition  being 
supported  by  Mr.  Hioe,  Mr.  Leo- 
nard, Lord  Dmmlanrig,  and  Mr. 
Henley.  Mr.  Hume's  amend- 
ment was  advooated  by  Mr. 
McGregor,  Mr.  Headlam,  Mr. 
Buck,  Mr.  G.  B.  Roche,  Mr.  Alde^ 
man  Sidney,  Mr.  Mowatt,  Mr. 
Hudson,  Mr.  Muntz,  and  other 
Uembers.  llie  most  promineiit 
speeches  were  those  of  Mr.  Cobden 
and  Lord  John  Russell.  Mr.  Cob- 
den entered  somewhat  ftilly  into 
tbe  general  question  of  taxation, 
expressing  an  abstract  preference 
for  direct  over  indirect  taxation, 
and  regarding  the  latter  class  of 
imposts  as  pressing  with  nndae 
weight  upon  the  poor.     He  said: 

"While  the  House  frets  over 


its  sevenpence  in  the  pound,  the 
poor  are  paying  twice  that  number 
of  shillings  in  the  pound  on  the 
great  staples  of  their  consumption. 
For  every  SO*,  the  working  classes 
expend  on  teat,  they  pay  10<.  of 
duty ;  for  every  90*.  uiey  expend 
on  sugar,  they  pay  6*.  of  duty ;  for 
every  30«.  they  expended  on  coffee, 
they  pay  6s.  of  duty ;  on  soap,  ia. ; 
on  beer,  4s. ;  on  tobacco,  10*. ;  on 
apirils,  lit.  When  you  bear  in 
mind  that  the  working  classes  ex- 
pend much  more  income  on  those 
articles  than  people  of  our  class, 
you  cannot  but  see  that  this 
amounts  to  aa  income-tax  not  of 
Id.  per  pound,  but  sometimes  of 
IS*.,  15*.,  or  10*.,  per  pound; 
while  men  of  some  thousands  a 
year^expend  a  vast  deal  more  in 
buying  furniture,  horses,  carriages, 
books,  and  other  things  which  pay 
comparatifclylittleULx,  Andhence 
it  is  that  in  this  country,  where 
we  derive  so  much  revenue  from 
articles  which  enter  largely  into 
the  consumption  of  the  woridag 
classes,  you  find,  when  trade  is  bad 
in  Lancashire  or  tbrooghout  the 
countiy,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Rx- 
cbequer  reminding  you  that  the 
state  of  tbe  revenue  has  been 
affected  by  the  state  of  trade.  Both 
for  the  sake  of  trade,  then,  and  in 
justice  to  the  people,  you  must 
diminish  your  expenditure,  or  in- 
crease the  amount  of  your  direct 
taxation." 

Mr.  Cobden  would  make  the  lax 
just,  in  order  that  it  might  be  per. 
maiient.  He  thought  it  ridiculons 
to  deny  the  broad  demaroatton  be- 
tween the  inoomee  derived  from 
trades  and  professions  and  those 
dravrn  from  htnd.  "  Take  the  case 
of  a  tradesman  with  10,0001.  of 
capital :  he  gets  5001.  a  year  in- 
terest and  600'.  more  for  his  skill 
and  industry.    Is  this  man's  10001. 


Enjhnd.-]                          HISTORY.  53 

■  jMr  to  be  mulcted  in  the  same  Part  of  the  debate  Beemed  to  as- 

Mmoant  with  lOOOt.  a  jeaz  deriTcd  sume  that  if  the  tax  were  not  given 

from  a   real    property  cspital  of  for  three  years  the  revenae  would 

11S,0<M,  ?      So    with   Uie  cases  of  &il ;  but  this  was  a  gratuitous  ha- 

pmfBBUonal  men,  who  literally  live  sumption.     Next  Februaiy,  just  aa 

Dj  the  waste  of  their  brains.    The  last  month,  the  House  could  renew 

]^nB  £ur  dealing  of  the  eoanUy  the  tax  if  it  should  think  proper ; 

rerolts  at  an  equal  levy  on  snch  meanwhile,  and  long  before  twelve 

nits    of    property.       Professionat  months  have  passed,  if  the  House 

men  and  men  of  business  put  in  approved  of  the   amendment  be- 

ntotum    tha  wheels   of  the  social  fore  it,  the  Oovemment  would  find 

STBtem  :  it  is    their  industry  and  means  to  render  the  lax  aeceptable 

enterprise    that    mainly   give    to  to  the  whole  people.     The  classee 

realized  property  the  value  which  Mr.  Cobden  represented,  who  favoor 

it  bean-,  to  them,  therefore,   the  more  direct  taxation,  would  suffer 

State  first  owes  sympathy  and  sup-  far  the  most  of  any  class  by  tha 

port.     Every  le«iding  member  has  catastrophe  of   a  national    bank' 

admitted  the  injnstice  of  the  lax;  ruptoy;  but,  for  this  very  reason, 

yet  Government  has  neither  taken  they  pressed  for  suhstantial  reduc- 

any  means  nor  shovm  any  disposi-  tions  of  Government  expenditure, 

tioo  to  apply  a  remedy."  andfor  the  introduction  of  the  same 

Mr.  Cobden  even  now  urged  an  prudence  and  economy  which  were 

inquiry  vrith  this  object.  "Appoint  necessary  te  success  in  mannfae- 

a  Committee,  and  let  there  be  upon  turing  and  commercial  parsuita, 

it — whatthereisnotin  the  Cabinet  Lord  John  Russell  eemmented 

-^ — an  equal  proportion  of  merchants,  with  some  humour  upon  the  hete- 

manuiacturers,   professional   men,  rogeneous  elements  of  which  Mr. 

and  landed   proprietors   or  other  Hume's  supporters  consisted,  com- 

possMsors    of    realized   property;  bining    tree-traders    and    protec- 

mnd  I  engage  that  in    less  time  tionista — those  who  wished  to  re- 

than   it  vodd   lake    to    fix  the  duce  expenditure,  and  those  who 

tariff  of  a    railway   company,   to  desired  to  see  a  great  addition  to 

determine    whether    co«u     shall  direct  taxes. 

.  penny  a  ton,  lime  three  The  qaestioD  before  the  House 


(Mtlfpenc 


tb^  will  find  a  mode  of  adjusting  tax  was  last  proposed,  and  the  iol- 

ttie  tas  upon  equitable  principles.  lowingyeBr.taiation wasreducedby 

Sut  no  attempt  of  that  kind  has  4,000,0001.,  and  an  addition  was 

been  made,  and  no  promise  is  held  made  to  the  Navy  Estimates  :  was 

ODt  that  snch  an  attempt  will  be  it  ever  rationally  supposed  that  if 

made.     It  is  the  dty,  pedantic  ad-  the  revenue  did  not  flourish  the 

hesitm  to  the  letter  of   the  law,  tax  would  be  taken  off  at  the  end 

wbicfa  has  roused  the  indignation  of  three   years,    notwithstanding 

of  the  coontiy.     If  a  dieuoction  that  a  deficiency  should  have  ap- 

were  made  between  permanent  and  peared  by  that  time?      In  1840 

precarioos  incomes — if  a  gradation  and  1847,  food  had  been  imported 

of  daty  were  established — I  under,  to    supply    the    place    of  iailing 

take  to  say  that  you  would  have  no  harvests,    which    required    some 

remonstrances  from  the  great  ma-  30,000,000/.  to  pay  for  iL     Two 

uajactuiing  seats  in  the  North."  commercial  panics   followed,  and 


54                ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848.  [Englajui. 

failnKBofthegreatestandstrongest  or  professions  beyond  those  who 

houses  in  the  country.     It  might  are  to  be  run  doinn  because  the; 

be  beforehand  inferred  that  such  are  the  possessors  of  land.     But 

circumstances    would     cause    tho  the  honourable  gentleman  says,  it 

revenue  to  flag.     No  one  could  ex-  would  have  been  some  conaolatioti 

pectthatin  fiveyeara  of  such  times  if  we  had  attempted  to  make  this 

6.000,0001.  could  be  replaced.  distinction.     Why,  sir,  I  stud  on  a 

Lord  John  Buasell  admitted  the  former  ereniug  that  my  right  ho- 

inequality  of  the  tax,  the  discus-  nourable  friend  and  myself  had 

aionof whichhetboughthadalready  attempted  to  draw  some  line  by 

been  disposed  of.      "  Those  who  which  we  could  make  the  tax.  ac- 

argue  for  rendering  the  tax  lighter  cording  to  the  sense  of  this  House, 

in  its  pressure,  take  either  a  par-  appear   more  just ;    but  we  could 

ticular  schedule  of  trades  or  pro-  find  no  line  which  would  not  have 

fessions,  or  a  schedule  of  particular  been  immediately  attacked  and  in- 

kinds  of  occupation,  but  tiiey  leave  vaded,  and  which  would  not  have 

many  cases  of  hardship  luid   in-  obliged  us  to  leave  other  cases  of 

justice   more   glaring  than   those  still  greater  hardship.     Of  course, 

they  remedy ;  or,  if  they  do  not  having  come  to  that  conclusion,  we 

take  that  course,  and  attempt  to  go  should  have  been   deserting  our 

further,  then  they  must  go  almost  duty  to  this  House  had  we  taken  a 

into    the  individual    coses  vrfaich  different  course.     We   slated  our 

were  alluded  to  with  so  much  force  conviction  to  the  House ;  and  the 

by  the    honourable    and    learned  honourable  gentleman  cannot  say 

Member  for    Newcastle,  such  as  that   we   have    nut   made  every 

rent-charges  for    life,    leaseholds,  attempt  to  render  the  t&x   more 

money  in  the  funds  settled  upon  fair." 

distanCrelatiDns.andeverykindand  He  dismissed  the  proposal  of 
predicament  of  property,  tenure,  Lord  George  Bentinck  to  return 
and  provision.  But,  in  a  country  to  import  duties  on  com,  and  such 
where  the  transactions  of  society  are  staples  of  consumption,  as  a  retro- 
so  complicated  and  intricate,  if  you  gression  that  no  party  could  for  a 
attempt  to  do  that,  you  will  not  moment  attempt  in  pi-actice. 
only  find  yourself  engaged  in  a  task  There  remained  only  the  alter- 
of  inextricable  difficulty,  but  the  native  of  Mr.  Hume — greatly  to  re- 
tax  will  be  far  more  inquisitorial  duce  the  Estimates,  To  the  ques- 
than  it  has  ever  yet  been,  and  thus,  tion,  whether  it  is  possible  to  make 
in  the  end,  you  will  find  that  you  such  a  reduction  in  the  Estimates 
have  made  the  tax  only  half  as  proposed,  as  to  enable  the  House 
productive,  whilst  you  hftve  ren-  to  dispense  vrith  the  Income  Tax 
dered  it  twice  ae  vexatious.  The  after  one  year.  Lord  John  gave  a 
only  fair  line  you  can  take  is  to  decidedly  negative  reply.  The  Go- 
treat  all  classes  justly.  Whether  veroment  desired  even  an  addi- 
they  have  land,  or  whether  they  tional  two  per  cent,  for  two  years  i 
are  engaged  in  trades  or  profes-  but,  this  being  refused,  they  could 
sions,  or  whether  they  have  money  not  possibly  do  without  a  guarantee 
in  the  funds,  assess  your  tax  as  of  Uie  present  impost  for  three 
justly  as  you  possibly  can,  and  never  years  to  come,  in  order  that  the 
mind  any  question  as  to  the  merits  years  1849,  1860  might  cover  any 
of  those  who  are  engaged  in  trade  deficiency    likely   to  arise.      The 


EngUnd.}                    CHRONICLE.  65 

Estinutes  were  proposed  at  a  time  lish  Members  sboald  not  return 

when  eTeiyUiing  appeared  tranquil ;  the  fafour. 

even  then,  be    (Lord  J.  Rossell)  The  motion  was  sopported  br 

had  refused  to  prophesy  the  events  MrJohDWilliamB.  Sir  John  Tjrell, 

which  a  year  might  bring  forth ;  Mr.  Horsman,  Colonel  Mure,  Mr. 

loach  less  wonld  he  now  attempt  Bankes,  Mr.  Newdegate,  Mr.  Wak- 

to  forecast  the  future.  ley,  Mr.  Hume,  and  Mr.  Muntz. 

The  debate  was  at  length  brought  The  Irbh  Members  received  it 

to  a  division,  when  there  appeared  with  great  indignation.    Sir  Henry 

Barron  (who  nicknamed  the  mover 

For  Mr.  Home's  Amendment  138  "  Condliataon  Hall''^  pointed    to 

Agunst  it 868  the  agitated  state  of  France  and 

'  Ireland  as  a  warning  to  the  House. 
Uajority  .  .  S2B  He  vras  followed  by  Mr.  Fagan,  by 
Mr.  O.  A.  Hamilton  (who  opposed 
The  next  financial  propoeilioii  the  motion  on  the  score  of  the 
introdnced,  wss  a  motion  by  Sir  different  condition  of  the  two 
Benjamin  Hall  to  extend  the  In-  countries),  Mr.  Napier  and  Colonel 
come  Tax  to  Ireland.  Dunne  (for  the  like  reason),  Mr. 
Sir  Benjamin  contended,  that  the  Roche  (who  reproached  Sir  Ben- 
new  payment  of  poor  rates  by  the  jamin  with  creating  more  disaffeo- 
land  of  Ireland  constitnted  no  fair  tion  in  Ireland  than  all  the  elo- 
examption :  that  the  landlord  had  quence  of  Mr.  Mea^^er),  Colonel 
for  so  long  a  period  paid  no  poor  Conolly,  Mr.  Monsell,  Mr.  Bey- 
rates,  was  no  reason  why  he  should  nolds,  and  Sir  Arthur  Brooke, 
not  pay  Income  Tax  now.  He  Mr.  Moore  also  opposed  the  mo- 
qnoted  statistical  figures  to  show  tion ;  though  he  ailmitted  that  a 
that  Ireland  could  plead  no  special  species  of  properly  tax  would  reach 
harden  on  the  score  of  its  poor ;  those  who  eluded  local  liabilities, 
that  the  rates  paid  in  Ireland  were  and  might  become  absolutely 
not  so  high  ss  they  had  been  ;  necessary  to  restore  the  wel&re 
that  Ireland  was  specially  exempted  and  prosperity  of  Ireland, 
from  taxes  which  England  pays,  to  On  behalf  of  the  Government, 
the  smount  of  IS.OOO.OOOi.  an-  Sir  Charles  Wood  resisted  the  mo- 
Dually;  and  that,  the  Irish  Members  tion  as  impolitic  and  inexpedient, 
themselves, atameetingoverwhich  It  has  been  found  inconvenient  to 
Ijord  Cloncurry  presided,  had  pro-  impose  exactly  the  same  taxes  on 
posed  an  income  tax  in  aid  of  poor  Ireland  as  on  England,  and  the  Iq- 
ratea.  Ixraking  to  the  conduct  of  come  Tax  would  be  an  impost  par- 
Irish  Members  in  the  House,  he  ticularly  cruel  at  this  moment  of 
fixuid  that  52  of  them  had  voted  in  severe  and  calamitous  affliction, 
fitvonr  of  the  tax  and  only  8  a^inst  On  a  division,  the  motion  was 
it;  on  the  question  of  continuing  it  negatived  by  318  to  196. 
for  a  period  of  three  years,  67  It  has  been  seen  that  the  Go- 
Irish  Members  had  voted  for  that  vemment  found  themselves  com- 
proposition  and  only  9  against  it.  polled  in  the  early  part  of  the  Ses- 
If  the  Irish  Members  chose  to  sion  to  back  out  of  their  unpopular 
saddle  Great  Britwu  vrith  this  tax,  proposal  for  augmenting  the  Income 
there  was  no  reason  why  the  Eng-  Tax  U>  five  per  cent.,  but  as  this 


66]              ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [E«{,Umd. 

measure,  if  carried,  would  hare  In  a  Committee  of  the  whole 
given  them  an  increased  revenue  of  House  on  that  day,  he  stated  *ri»t 
uiree  millions,  which  lliej  had  he  believed  the  financial  condition 
stated  to  be  necessary  to  equalise  of  the  countij  to  be,  and  also  the 
income  with  eipendiUire,  the  with-  meaaurea  whichit  was  the  intention 
drawal  of  the  scheme  of  course  in-  of  Government  to  propose  to  meet 
volved  the  consequence  of  a  deficit  it.  He  commenced  nia  observa- 
The  reduction  in  the  Estimates  of  tions  by  recuiitulating  the  leading 
the  Annj,  Navy,  and  Ordnance,  points  in  Lord  John  Buasella 
which  the  Ministers  had  consented  statement  at  the  commencement  of 
to  submit  to  the  ordeal  of  a  Select  the  Session  respecting  the  income 
Committee,  might  indeed  go  some  and  expenditure  of  the  jear,  and 
way  to  supply  the  expected  defal-  referred  to  the  measurea  which  his 
cation  ;  but  aa  it  comd  not  be  an-  lordahip  had  proposed  and  Partia- 
ticipated  to  equal  the  amount  which  ment  bad  rejected,  for  meeting 
it  had  been  proposed  to  raise  by  the  deficiency  which  was  then  con- 
taxation,  a  deficiency  of  ways  and  templated ;  tracing  to  its  sooroe 
means,  to  a  greateror  less  amount,  the  increase  of  our  expenditure, 
seemed  inevitable.  Much  suspense  for  which,  as  Mr.  Gobden  had 
and  anxiety  prevailed  among  per-  jusUy  observed,  neither  this  nor 
sons  to  whom  the  maintenance  of  a  that  Government  was  blameable, 
sound  financial  policy  was  an  oliject  hut  the  House  of  Commons.  When 
of  interest,  as  to  the  consequences  Ministers  withdrew  their  prc^osi- 
of  suffering  the  nation  thus  to  ex-  tion  for  increased  taxation,  it  ba- 
oeed  its  iucome,  and  the  Chancellor  came  necessary  to  revise  our  pn- 
of  the  Exchequer  was  frequently  sent  system,  and  to  make  sack 
importuned,  as  the  Session  went  alterations  in  it  as  the  altered  oir- 
on,  to  state  definitely  to  the  House,  cumstancea  of  the  countiy  required. 
what  the  position  of  the  country  Tn  the  statement  which  he  was 
was  likely  to  be.  Sir  Charles  about  to  make,  he  would  deal  ia 
Wood,  in  answer  to  these  appUca-  the  first  instance  only  with  the  iti- 
tions,  stated,  that  as  the  Estimates  come  of  the  year  aa  compared  with 
which  had  been  referred  to  the  its  expenditure.  After  the  decision 
Select  Committee,  were  in  course  (tf  of  the  House  on  the  budget  of 
reduction,  it  would  be  more  con-  Lord  John  Bussell,  Ministers  felt 
venient  t«  defer  his  ultimate  expo-  that  their  first  duty  was  to  revise 
sition  of  his  views  till  the  close  of  the  expenditure ;  and  with  a  view 
the  Session  ,-  but  he,  from  time  to  to  its  reduction  they  had  appointed 
time,  made  partial  diaclosures  to  the  two  Committees,  one  to  examine 
House  as  to  the  progress  effected  into  the  Miscellaneous  and  the 
in  reducing  the  Estimates,  and  the  other  into  the  Naval  and  Militarj 
anticipated  results  of  bis  calcula-  expenditure.  Having  appointed 
tions.  At  length  on  the  S5th  of  these  Gommitteee,  Ministers  had 
August  he  fulfilled  his  engagement  called  upon  every  department  of 
by  making  a  more  complete  and  the  Government  to  revise  its  Esti- 
explicit  disclosure  of  the  state  of  mates,  and  the  result  was  that  dimi- 
the  Exchequer,  and  of  the  mode  in  nished  Estimates  had  been  sub- 
which  he  proposed  to  meet  the  exi-  mitted  to  and  been  sanctioned  by 
gencies  of  the  public  service.  Parliament.  No  redaction  had  beeti 


1  HISTORY.  [67 

Hide  in  die  anaonnt  of  onr  effective  year  tltat  nultiiig  lutd  been  carried 

Mnl  and  military  force.  TbeHonse  on  to  a  vet;  great  extant,  and  had 

of  Commons  had  coDfij-med  the  opi-  led  to  a  considerable  increase  in 

nioD  of  Uinisters    on    that  point,  the  rerenue  of  the  Excise.     The 

and  nothing  had  since  occurred  to  Stamps,  however,   had  fallen  off. 

shilie  it.     Frooi  Ireland,  and  the  NevertbeleBs,  he  anticipated  an  in- 

JDtDsfiutnring  districts  of  England,  creese  of  ordinary  revenue   above 

denuade  for    protection    had  fre-  that  contemplated  bj  Lord  John 

foentl/  been  made  ;  and  ve  should  Bussell  of  not  less  than  340.000/. 

have  been  ill  able  to  afford  it  had  Add  to  this  a  sum  of  B0,000£,  the 

oar  foroB  been  less  than  it  vaa  at  last  remnant  of  China  money,  and 

^eaenU     On  other  points  Minis-  the  income   of    the    year    would 

ters  had  been  able  to  make  several  amount    to    52,130,000/.;    and, 

reductions.  Far  instance,  the  Navy  therefore,  upon  the  balance  of  the 

Estimates   voted   were  lees  than  income  and  expeodiUire   of   the 

those  originally  snbmitted  to  the  year,  there  would  only  be  a  defi- 

Honae   by    208.00Ut. ;    the  Army  ciency  of   393,3061.      He   hoped 

Estimates  irere  less  by  160,000^.;  that,  after  this  statement,  the  Com- 

the  Ordnance  Estimates  were  less  mittee  would  be  of  opinion  that 

by  123,00(M. ;    the  Miscellaneous  MiniateFs  had  given  some  earnest 

)ijm,000l.;  and  the  Estimate  for  of  their  desire  to  equalize  the  ex> 

the    Uilitia    by    160,0001.     The  penditure  and  income  of  the  year. 

whole  reduction  on  those  Estimates  In  the  present  condition  of  the 

■moonted    to    B66,300I.      Subse-  trade  and  commerce  of  the  country, 

quently,  however,  the  Secretary  at  it  was  difficult  to  anticipate  the 

War  had  taken  S5,0OO2.  for  the  amount  of  the  revenne  of  the  year, 

pensioners,  whom  it  had  been  found  but  he  entertained  litde  doubt  that 

neeeaaary  to  call  out,  and  an  addi-  at  the  close  of  the  year  ending 

tioa  had  been  made  to  the  Miscel-  5th  of  April,    1B49,  the   inoome 

laneooB  Estimates  of  I3,300Z. ;  so  would  be  equal  to  its  expenditure. 

that   the  actual  reduction  on  the  He  then  adverted  to  the  necessity 

original  Estimates  did  not  exceed  of  providing  for   what  he  called 

834,000/.    Now,  the  charge  of  the  the    "  extraordin&ry "   expenditure 

Debt  and  the  Consolidated  Fund  of  the  year,  in  which  be  included 

ma  81,360,9001.,  the  charge  for  the  expense  of  the  Cefije  war  and 

the  Navy  was  7,678,6101.,  for  the  the  amonntof  naval  euMBa,amount- 

Army7,013,795/.,fortheOrdnanee  ing  togetherto  1,34(>,411/.    That 

3,078,000/.,  and  for  the  Uiacel-  sum  had  already  been  advanced, 

laneous  Estimates  3,780,000/.,  and  but  it  was  necessary  to  replace  it  ia 

the  total  expenditure  of  the  year  the  Exchequer. .  A  few  days  ago  he 

was  63,433,000/.    Lord  John  Bus-  had  proposed  to  vote    away  two 

•allbadeatimatedtheincomeofthe  sums,     amounting    to    393,610/., 

yearat  61,3 10,000/.  Byanarrange-  partly  for  the  relief  of  distress  in 

isent,  however,  which  had  been  sub-  Ireluid,  and  partly  for  repaying  to^ 

sequentlymadeastotheAppropria^  the  province  of  Canada  the  charge 

tions  in  aid,  a  sum  of  600.000/.  to  which  it  had  been  put  during 

had   become  available  for  the  ser-  the  last    year  for   relieving    the 

vice  of  ^e  year.     The  barley  crop  emigrants   from  Ireland.     These 

had   alao   been    so  plentiful  last  sums  added  together  amounted  to 


58]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848.       [EngLmd. 

and  Sir  Robert  Feel  hod  declared 
that  Ministers  had  done  right  in 
^ondoniDS  it.  The  citYmmstaaces 
under  which  Miaisters  had  recourse 
to  their  present  plan  were  not  or- 
dinary. During  the  laat  two  years 
there  had  been  famine  in  Ireland ; 
during  the  last  autoinn  there  had 
been  great  commercial  distress  in 
this  country ;  during  this  year 
there  had  been  revoiudou  in  Eu- 
rope, disorganizing  all  commercial 
arrangements ;  and  there  had  been 


l,788,9aii.,  which,  added  to  the 
deficiency  of  292,305^.  already 
mentioned,  made  the  total  defi- 
ciency to  be  provided  for  2,03 1  ,Q26I. 
Now,  if  be  were  b)  follow  the  coarse 
which  bad  been  taken  in  similar  cir- 
cumstances before,  he  should  throw 
this  as  a  charge  upon  the  Con- 
solidated Fund.  But  he  thought 
that  such  a  course  would  be  unad- 
visable  at  present,  as  a  charge  of 
S,500,000I.  bad  been  placed  in 
1846  on  the  Consolidated  Fund  for 
the  purpose  ofloansfordrain^in 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 
Of  this  8,600,000/.  only  600,000i. 
had  been  expended.  He  could  not 
say  what  amount  might  be  re- 
quired this  year,  but  for  some  years 
it  would  be  a  charge  annually  in- 
creasing. There  were  also  other 
charges,  for  New  Zealand,  for  the 
West  India  hurricane  loan,  Sk., 
amounting  to  800,0001.,  on  the 
Consolidated  Fund ;  and  therefore 
be  thought  it  impolitic  to  increase 
the  charge  already  upon  it.  What 
be  proposed  to  do,  in  order  to  re- 
place in  the  Treasury  the  amount  of 
two  millions,  which  was  the  excess 
of  expenditure  for  the  year,  was  to 
borrow  the  money  in  the  market. 
Having  explained  the  reasons  why 
he  did  not  adopt  the  course  pur> 
sued  by  Sir  Robert  Peel  in  1843, 
to  cover  the  deficiency  which  then 
existed,  he  stated  that  he  intended 
to  raise  the  money  either  by  an 
issue  of  Exchequer  bills  or  by  a 
creation  of  stock.  No  one  felt 
more  than  be  did  that  this,  in  or- 
dinary circumstances,  was  an  ob- 
jectionable course.  It  was  in- 
^oreasing  the  debt  in  the  time  of 
peace,  and  the  Oovemment  deemed 
that  so  undesirable  that  it  had 
even  proposed  increased  taxation 
for  two  years.  That  proposition 
the  House  would  not  accede  to. 


at  home.  Under  such 
circumstances,  it  was  very  difficult 
to  anticipate  the  revenue  of  fubm 
years,  or  even  to  say  what  the  ex- 
penditure might  be  for  Ireland 
next  year.  But  unless  matters 
took  a  worse  turn  than  he  antid- 

Kted,  be  thought  that  we  should 
able  to  reduce  our  expenditure 
next  year,  and  that  we  might 
reckon  upon  a  better  revenue  tban 
we  bad  gained  in  the  present  It 
was  most  consolatory  to  know  that 
even  in  the  present  year  the  re- 
venue had  maintained  its  amount; 
and  taking  the  year  as  far  as  it 
bad  gone,  our  prospects  were  any- 
thing but  unsatisfactory.  Indeed, 
the  revenue  bad  kept  up  to  an 
amount,  this  year,  which  bad  filled 
him  with  astonishment  as  he  looked 
on  it  week  by  week.  Taking  the  re- 
ceipt of  the  revenue  from  the  0th 
of  April  to  the  5th  of  August  this 
year,  and  comparing  it  with  that 
during  the  corresponding  period  of 
last  year,  tbe  whole  amount  of  de- 
crease did  not  exceed  115,0001.; 
whilst  upon  Customs  and  Excise 
there  had  been  a  positive  increase 
of  500,000/.  Though  our  exports 
had  fallen  off,  our  imports  bad 
increased,  owing  to  the  general 
cheapness   of  commodities  which 


EngUmd.]                          HISTORY.  [50 

the  peace  and  tianquillily  which  there  wsa  do  reason  to  believe 
bad  prevailed  at  faoue.  The  re-  that  there  would  not  be  the  same 
ceipt  of  our  own  Costoms,  when  amonnt  of  sound  potatoes  this  jear 
compared  with  those  of  France,  was  as  there  was  the  last  In  his  pre- 
most  salis&ctory,  as  he  showed  at  sent  etat«  of  informatioD  as  to  the 
some  lenffth.  If  the  disaffected  would  crops,  it  would  be  impossible  to 
only  reflect  upon  it,  thej  would  calculate  what  would  be  the  omonnt 
see  the  injury  thejr  were  inflicting  of  produce  available  for  human 
on  themselves  by  disturbing  the  fooa  ;  but  unless  there  were  a 
public  peace,  and  interrupting  the  failure  of  the  crops  like  that  of 
ordinary  avocations  of  industry.  1846,  there  must  be  a  quantity  of 
He  was  happy  to  soy  that  trade,  food  in  the  country  capable  of  sup- 
throngbont  the  country,  was  still  porting  the  people  for  a  very  con- 
in  a  sound  state.  Tboueb  there  siderable  time.  It  would  be  un- 
bod  been  a  drain  of  bullion  last  just  to  the  people  of  England,  and 
week,  it  hod  been  replaced  in  the  disadvantageous  to  the  industry  of 
present ;  and  the  reserve  in  the  Ireland,  if  a  large  and  sweeping 
Bank  had,  in  both  weeks,  amounted  measure  for  the  relief  of  Irish  dis- 
to  9,OU0,OO0f.  He  then  advened  tress  should  again  be  adopted.  At 
to  the  state  of  the  crops  and  of  the  present,  he  believed  that  it  was 
weather,  which  was  to  all  a  source  not  needed  ;  at  the  same  time,  he 
of  anxiety.  He  was  sorry  to  say,  must  say  that  it  would  be  cruel 
that  in  the  sonth  and  west  of  Eng-  and  inhuman  to  withhold  all  assist- 
lond  there  was  danger  of  a  cunsi-  ance  firom  such  localities  as  were 
derebld  failure  in  the  potato  crops ;  suiTering  severe  distress.  To  hold 
but  he  was  led  to  believe  that  in  the  out  to  uiem  any  hope  of  general 
north  of  England,  and  in  Scotland,  and  systematic  relief  would  be  in- 
no  serious  injury  bad  been  done,  expedient.  He  hoped,  however. 
The  accounts  respecting  the  bar-  that  Parliament  would  allow  the 
vest  were  conflicting.  In  some  Government  to  dispense  sncb  aid 
parts  of  England,  he  heard  that  as  might  be  necessary.  If  things 
the  com  had  sprouted,  but  he  did  should  turn  out  worse  than  be  sn- 
oot anticipate  very  considerable  ticipated,  it  would  be  necessary  to 
damage  to  it  by  the  weather.  The  apply  for  assistance  to  the  wisdom 
panic  in  London  was  not  general ;  of  Parliament  But  Parliament 
end  in  the  north  of  England  peo-  must  see  what  the  crops  were,  and 
pie  were  even  complaining  of  the  what  was  the  neceesity  of  Ireland, 
want  of  rain.  As  far,  then,  as  this  before  it  decided  on  the  course 
country  was  concerned,  there  was  which  it  ought  to  pursue. 
no  great  cause  for  anxiety.  From  The  statetnent  of  the  Chancellor 
Ireumd  the  accounts  were  various,  of  the  Exchequer  was  followedbya 
It  wonid  be  impossible  to  go  into  desultorydiscusaion,  in  which  seve- 
detoils :  but  the  inference  he  drew  nil  Members  eipressed  disaatisfao- 
from  tbem  was  this,  that  there  tion  at  the  position  in  which  the 
was  scarcely  any  port  of  Ireland  finances  of  the  country  were  placed) 
in  which  the  potato  disease  had  and  also  at  the  method  proposed  for 
not  shown  itself  more  or  lees.  On  recruiting  them.  Mr.  Hume,  in 
the  other  hand,  it  appeared  that  particular,  objected  very  strongly  to 
the  Irish  hod  planted  a  latter  the  proposition  for  increasing  the 
quantity  of  potatoes  than  ever,  and  permanent  debt  in  time  of  peace. 


60]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       lEnaUmd. 

tracting  loans  and  increasing  the 
debt  in  times  of  peace.  He  next 
went  oyer  the  often  repeaUd  stAte- 
menta  respecting  the  expense  of 
collecting  the  refenae,  which 
amoimted  to  a  sum  of  four  or  five 
millions  a  year,  and  increased  oar 
t&xation  to  an  amount  of  09  millions 
a  jear,  and  then  digressed  into  a 
long  remotutrance  ^^nsC  the  mis- 
management and  expenditure  of 
our  Colonies.  In  the  early  part  of 
next  Session  he  wonld  put  his  stats- 
ments  of  that  evening  upon  record, 
in  order  that  ereiy  man  who  had 
leisure  might  read  and  reflect  upon 
them.  He  concluded  by  moving 
that  the  Bill  be  taken  into  con- 
sideralJon  that  day  three  months. 
Ur.  Muntz  seconded  the  amend- 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer contended  that  the  Tarious  re- 
ductions of  expenditure  which  Mr. 
Hume  had  proposed  in  the  course 
of  the  present  Session  were  not  con- 
sistent either  trith  the  safety  or 
with  the  interests  of  the  country, 
and  he  showed  that  a  vast  nuyoii^ 
of  the  House  had  concurred  in  the 
amount  of  the  various  estahlish- 
ments  now  proposed  for  the  defence 
and  maintenance  of  our  commercial 
greatness  and  national  independ- 
ence. He  reminded  the  House 
that  there  were  only  three  ways 
in  which  it  could  meet  a  deficient 
revenue.  Thefirstwasbyincreaaed 
taxation  ;  the  second,  by  the  re- 
duction of  eetablishments  to  the 
amount  of  the  revenue;  and  the 
third,  by  having  reoourse  to  some 
such  means  as  were  now  proposed, 
of  borrowing  money  to  meet  our 
expenditure.  If  it  were  neoessary 
to  support  our  eiiattng  eetabtieh- 
ments.  and  if  the  country  would 
not  submit  to  increased  taxation, 
the  only  course  left  to  the  Govern- 
ment—which  nevertheless  he  ad- 


a  measure  which  he  regarded  as 
being  occasioned  by  the  extrava- 
gant eetablishments  kept  up  by 
the  Government.  He  also  de- 
murred to  the  plan  which  Sir 
Charles  Wood  meant  to  adopt  for 
raising  the  loan,  it  being  in  hi^ 
opinion  a  preferable  course  to  bor- 
row the  money  in  the  market 
rather  than  to  sell  stock  to  the  re- 
quired amount,  which  he  r^arded 
as  an  improvident  proceeding. 

A  more  formal  discussion  upon 
these  financial  arrangements  took 
place  on  the  29th  August,  when  a 
motion  was  made  for  the  committal 
of  the  Bill  introduced  to  give  ef- 
fect to  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer's propositions.  Mr.  Hume, 
on  this  occasion,  renewed  at  some 
length  his  opposition  to  the  Minis- 
terial plan.  He  ol:>)ected,  first,  on 
the  ground  that  ^e  Bill  was  a 
measure  for  the  creation  of  a  loan 
of  two  millions  in  time  of  peace, 
which  would  add  6t),000i.  or 
70,000/.  to  the  interest  of  the  debt, 
and,  secondly,  on  the  ground  that  it 
sanctioned  a  very  impiolitic  mode 
of  borrowing  money  for  the  country. 
Early  in  the  Session  be  hod  urged 
on  the  Government  the  propriety 
of  either  diminishing  the  expendi- 
ture within  the  revenue,  which  then 
showed  a  deficiency  of  2,900,0001., 
or  of  providing  by  taxation  to  meet 
the  excess  of  our  expenditure.  He 
had  urged  the  propriety  of  not  add- 
ing to  the  amount  of  the  debt  in 
time  of  peace,  and  had  shown  that 
a  very  large  portion  of  our  expen- 
diture was  not  necessary.  On  a 
division  the  numbers  were  157  in 
favour  of  continuing  a  large  ex- 
penditure, and  only  59  against  it. 
After  reoapitulatiogatoonsiderable 
length  the  various  economical  mo- 
tions which  he  had  proposed  in  the 
course  of  the  Session,  Mr.  Hume 
dilated   on   the  impolicy   of  con- 


Emji«ui.l                       HISTORY.  [61 

mittedtobeanoliiiectloTiablecourse  He  should  certaitil/  vote  against 

— yna  to  coTer  an   extraordiDuy  this  loan. 

and  temporary  expenditare  bj  tbe  Mr.  A.   Smith  contended  that 

loan    which     he    now    proposed,  the  Govemment  had  done  all  in 

Hftving  promised  Mr.  Hume  that  its  power  to  avoid  the  position  in 

in  the  next  Session  the  Administra-  which  it  was  now  placed,  of  being 

tion  would  adopt  all  practicable  obliged  to  borrow  in  time  of  peace. 

meaaoTM  of  economy  in  eveiy  de-  At  Uie  commencement  of  the  Se»- 

partment  of  the  State,  he  applied  sion  GoTemment  had  proposed  in* 

himself  to  a  very  brief  eiposare  creased  taxation,  but,  in  conformity 

<rf  Uie  monetary  doctrines  of  Mr.  to  the  wishes  of  the  House  and  the 

Huntz,  and  concluded  by  recom-  country,   had  subsequently  aben- 

mending  the  Bill  to  the  support  of  doned  it.     He  had  supported,  and 

tbe  Honee.  should  have  continned  to  support, 

Mr.  Henley  and  Mr.  H.  Drum-  QoTcmment  in  that  taxation,  but 
mond  declared  their  intention  of  still  he  could  not  shut  his  eyes  to 
supporting  the  Government  Mr.  the  fhot  that  tbe  state  of  the  world 
Spooner  announced  the  same  in-  justified  them  in  conceding  to  the 
tention,  but  launched  out  into  an  deliberate  decision  of  the  House 
emphatic  invective  agunat  the  pre-  that  it  was  not  expedient  to  in- 
sent  system  of  tbe  Currency.  crease  taxation  this  year.    As  then 

Mr.  Cobden  held  up  to  the  high  Miniateia  could  not  incresae  tax- 
adminuion  of  the  Bouse  and  the  ation  or  diminish  establishmenta 
oountry  the  declaration  of  Sir  R.  so  as  to  equalize  income  and  ex- 
Peel,  that  he  would  not  carry  on  penditnre,  no  other  resource  was 
the  Adminbtration  of  the  country  left  to  them  but  to  incur  a  loan. 
if  he  could  not  make  its  ezpendi-  He  should,  therefore,  support  the 
tnre  equal  to  its  revenue.  Tbe  proposition  of  the  Chanoellor  of 
present  Government  had  departed  the  Exchequer.  In  conclusion,  he 
from  that  rule ;  and.  unless  the  read  Mr.  Cobden  a  severe  lecture 
conntry  took  the  sutgect  up  and  for  asserting  that  tbe  apprehen- 
prevented  this  system  of  borrow-  sion  of  war  at  the  commence- 
mg,  it  would  be  carried  on  to  the  ment  of  the  Session  bad  been  pro- 
aanw  extent  as  it  had  been  in  pagated  by  professional  men  for 
France  and  Austria,  and  would  their  own  private  interest  and 
plunge  us  into  tbe  same  ruin.  emolumenL  He  utterly  denied 
With  oar  local  expenditure  in  poor  the  truth  of  such  an  imputation, 
ntesandiuoounty  rates  oar  aggre>  Lord  G.  "Bentinck  contended 
gate  taxation  amounted  this  year  that  Mr.  Oobden  was  tbe  last 
to  70  millions  sterling.  That  sum  man  in  the  worid  who  ought  to 
was  rooDstrons,  and  it  was  impos-  charge  his  opponents  with  propa- 
aibla  for  us  to  go  on  raising  it.  He  gating  delusions.  Mr.  Cobden 
then  defended  the  speech  which  he  might  think  that  17  millions 
bad  made  at  the  commencement  might  be  reduced  at  one  slash  of 
of  tbe  Session  for  the  reduction  of  the  knife ;  but  few  gentlemen  bad 
oar  military  armaments,  and  he  been  found  to  coincide  with  him  in 
attributed  the  temporary  panic  of  that  opinion.  Though  the  House 
invaaian  which  was  than  felt  to  at  the  oiHumencemeut  of  the  See- 
the interested  exertions  of  military  sion  had  refused  to  grant  increased 
men,  who    desired   employment,  taxation  to  the  Ooveniment,  it  had 


62]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [.England. 

never  been  asked  wliether  it  would  the  resonrces  of  the  coimtiy,  our 

reimpose   the  duties   on  Customs  expenditure  exceeded  our  income, 

which  had  been  latelr  repealed.  If  and  it  became  necessary  to  have 

the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  recourse  to  a  loan.     It  would  not 

had  made  such  a  proposition  to  have  been  wise  to  increase  the  per- 

the  House,  he  should  have  given  manent  taxation  of  the  countr;  to 

it  his  most  heart;  support.    The  meet  a  temporary  deficiency,  and 

taxes   which    hod   been    repesled  Government  hod  in  consequence 

amounted  to  the  deficiency  which  proposed  a  temporary  increase  of 

we  hod  now  to  supply.    He  there- ,  the  per-oentc^  on  property,  which 

fore    called    on    the    House    not  it   was    obliged    subsequently   to 

to  look  for  the  Ailing  of  the  Ex-  abandon.     Having  abandoned  it, 

chequer  to  the  spendthrift  mode  Government  said  that  it  would  en- 

of  inflicting  debts  on  our  posterity  deavour  to  ride  over  the  difficulty 

by  incurring    loans   in    the  33rd  by  means  of  the  balances  in  the 

year  of  peace,  but  to   the  reim-  Exchequer,  provided  that  the  In- 

portion    of  the   Customs   Duties  come  Tax  was  continued  for  three 

which  we  had  repealed  to  our  own  years.     In  the  present  condition 

dam^e  and  to  the  benefit  of  the  of  the  couutiy,  however,  it  did  not 

foreigner.  appear  to  be  wise  to  allow  those 

If  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exohe-  balances  to  run  too  low,  and  it 
quer  had  said  that  he  would  re-  was  therefore  deemed  expedient  to 
enact  the  Com  Duties,  which  had  supply  them  by  a  loan.  He  then 
produced  700,000i.  of  revenue  in  proceeded  to  show  that  no  bett«T 
1640,  he  did  not  believe  that  any  course  had  been  saggeeted  by  any 
man  in  the  country  would  have  party  in  the  House.  Mr  Hume 
grumbled  at  it.  In  conclusion,  he  and  Mr.  Cobden  thonght  that  we 
exhorted  the  House  to  beware  of  m^ht  have  made  great  reduciioiis 
those  gentlemen  who  decried  all  in  the  amount  of  our  military  force, 
who  differed  from  them,  who  He  could  not  consent  to  those  re- 
thought themselves  the  only  oracles,  duotions  when  they  were  first  pro- 
and  who  declared,  in  the  language  posed,  and  recent  events  had  con 
of  Jack  Cade  before  he  ordered  firmed  the  propriety  of  the  decision 
Lord  Sele  off  to  execution,  "  I  am  which  he  had  then  announced;  for 
the  besom  who  shall  swee^  the  itmisnowevidontthatinFebmary 
House  clean  of  all  such  villains  as  last  the  Government  of  France  in- 
Uiou."  tended  to  make  war  in  Belgium, 

Lord  J.  Russell  was  of  opinion  and  a  war  in  Belgium  would  have 

after  all  the  experience  of  this  Ses-  kindled  a  conflagration  in  Europe, 

sion  that  the  Government  bad  not  He  would  not  enter  into  any  refu- 

acted  unwisely  in  proposing  an  in-  lation  of  the  arguments  used  by 

crease  of  the  Income  Tax,  in  order  Lord  G.  BentincK  in  favour  of  the 

to  meet  the  deficiency  in  the  re-  reimposition  of  the  duties  on  tim- 

venne.    On  a  former  occasion  he  ber  and  raw  cotton,  further  than 

had  shown  that  in  the  last  few  was  necessary  to  remind  the  House 

years  ten  millions  of  taxes,  which  that  all  the  leading  statesmen  of 

pressed  heavily  on  the  springs  of  this  country,  from  the  days  of  Sir 

industry,  had  been  taken  off;  and  R.  Walpole   down  to  the  present 

the  result  was,  that  when  an  extra-  time  had  declared  taxes  on  the 

ordinary  pressure  took  place  on  raw  materials  of  manufactures  to 


England.}                                   HISTORY.  [63 

be  tfae  worst  taxes  that  conld  be  importadon  of  foreign  gntin  into 

imposed.     As  to  the  reimpositioii  our  barboura . 

of  the  Com  Doties.  he  would  011I7  The  House  then  divided,  when 

say  that  he  very  mach  ngoiced  that  the  amendment  of  Mr.  Home  vma 

in  ihfl  present  circamst&ncee  of  the  negatived  bj  a  majorily  of  fl6  to 

country    we    had    not    the  sliding  46. 

scsle  of  1845  to  prevent  the  steady 


t,GoogIc 


64]  ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1848.      [Enghnui. 


CHAPTER  III. 

Alteration  of  the  Navigation  Law* — Annouiuement  respecting  them  in 
the  Queen'i  Speech — Mr.  Labouchere,  on  the  I5th  of  May,  expiaine  the 
Minieieriai  Scheme  in  a  Committee  of  the  whole  Houee — Hie  Speech — 
Lord  George  Bentinck  dec/aree  hit  Opposition  to  the  Plan,  tthick  it 
commented  upon  by  various  Members  on  either  side — Mr.  Herries  move* 
a  Resolution  on  the  S9tA  May,  in  favour  of  maintaining  theftmda- 
mental  principiet  of  the  Navigation  Laws — The  Debate  is  prolonged  for 
three  nights  by  Adjournment — Speeches  of  Mr.  Herries,  Mr.  Labou- 
chere, Mr.  Alderman  Thompson,  Mr.  Baillie,  Mr.  Eobinson,  Mr. 
Gibson,  Mr.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  Mr.  CardweU,  Sir  C.  Wood.  Lord  George 
Bentinek,  Mr.  Cobden,  Mr.  Disraeli,  and  Sir  Robert  Peel — Upon  a 
Division,  the  Resolution  u  lost  by  SDd  to  ITT — In  consequence  of  the 
delay  which  had  occurred,  Mr.  Labouchere,  on  the  liith  August,  an- 
nounces the  Postponement  of  the  Measure  till  the  next  Session — Jeu^ish 
Ditfibililiet  Removal  Bill — -Circumstances  which  led  to  the  Introduction 
of  this  Measure — The  Second  Reading  being  moved  on  the  7th  February, 
Mr.  Augustus  Stafford  moves,  as  an  Amendment,  that  it  be  read  a 
Second  Time  diat  day  Six  Months — Lord  Burghley  seeonde  the  Amend- 
ment—Speeches  of  Mr.  W.  P.  Wood,  Mr.  Miines,  Sir  W.  Moletworth, 
Lord  Mahon,  Mr.  Walpole.  Mr.  Shiel,  Mr.  Netedegate,  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  and  other  Members — The  Second  Reading  is  carried  by  a  Majority 
of  73 — Upon  a  subsequent  stage,  Mr.  Goring  moves  an  Amendment 
condemnatory  of  the  BiU — After  tome  discuition  it  is  withdraim — 
Various  Amendments  on  the  BUI  moved  by  Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  and  other 
Memben,  are  rejected — On  the  Motion  for  the  Third  Reading,  Sir  F. 
Thesiger  moves  that  it  be  read  a  Third  Time  that  day  Six  Months — 
After  Speeches  from  Lord  John  Russell,  and  other  Members,  the 
Amendment  is  rejected,  and  the  Bill  passed —In  the  House  of  Lords 
the  Second  Reading  is  moved  by  tlie  Marquis  of  Lantdovme  on  the 
•iith  May— The  Earl  of  Ellenborough  movet  the  R^ection  of  the  Bill 
—The  Duke  of  Cambridge  foUoKs  on  the  same  side — It  it  tupported 
by  the  Duke  of  Argyle,  the  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  Lord  Brougham, 
attd  the  Earl  of  EUesmere;  opposed  by  Lord  Stanley,  the  Earl  of 
WinchiUea,  and  the  Bishop  of  Oxford — On  a  Division  the  Amend- 
ment it  carried  against  the  Bill  by  a  majority  of  86. 

AMONG  the  measures  which  miiient.   By  the  Free-Trade  -party 

formed  the  Ministeri&l  pro-  the  alteration  of  these  laws  was 

gramme  at  the  opening  of  Parlia-  regarded  as  the  complement   of 

ment,  a  settlement  of  the  Navigation  that  commercial  policy  to  which 

X^aws  was  one  oF  the  most  pro-  Parliament  hod  already  giren  its 


EngUind.]  HISTORY.  [65 

suMtion.      The    present   Govern-  je&ra    after,    reasonable    freii^ht- 
m«Qt  XmA  pledged  itseU  to  can?  obarges,  and  later  BtiU,  a  tariff  of 
out  the  BjBtem    in    this  direction,  maximum     freight-charges,     were 
taA  the  speech  from  the  Throne  enacted  for  ships  going  between 
bad  recommended   the  subject  to  England  and   the  chief  porta  of 
the  attentive  oonsiderKtion  of  the  Europe.   A  BjHt«m  of  exclusive  mo- 
Legislature-     Seveti  tnonthB  of  the  nopoly  lasted,  with  modificaiiona, 
Session,  however,  vrere  suffered  to  tothetimeofElitabeth.whenanew 
piss  without  any  step  being  taken  principle  was  engrafted  upon  the 
to  ^«e  effect  to  the  engagement  lav— the  principle  of  protection  bj 
vhwh  the   Ministera  had  entered  differential  duties.     During  Eliza- 
into,  and  doubts  began  Ut  be  enter-  beth'a  reign,   thia  principle  waa 
lained  of  the  sincerity  of  their  in-  adopted  and  acted  upon  throughout 
tention  to  deal  with  a  subject  in-  Europe,  with  but  one   exception, 
voiced  in  much  difficulty,  and  cal-  Holland,    by   a  8yst«m  of  unre- 
ccdated  to  provoke  vigorous  oppo-  etrioted  freedom — by  making  her 
aition.     At  length,  on  the  IQtn  of  marshes  the  home  of  every  atizen 
Hay,  in  a  Committee  of  th«<whole  of  the  world  who  chose  to  seek 
House,  the  Minbterial  plan  for  the  them — buUt    up   the   most  mag- 
modification  of  the  Natigation  Laws  ntficsnt  fabric  of  commercial  great- 
was  formally  propounded.    On  Mr.  ness  and  political  pover  that  up  to 
I^bonchere,  as   President  of  tlie  that  time  the  world  had  ever  seen. 
Board  of  Trade,  the  task  devolved  While   in  thb  reign  oar  foreign 
of  developing  the  proposed   mea-  trade  was  somewhat  opened,  our 
sure,  which  he  did  in  an  able  and  coasting  trade    was  for  the  first 
eomprehensive  speech,  tracing  out  time  made  a  close  monopoly :  the 
the  origin  and  history  of  this  part  trade  with  our  colonies,  which  then 
of  our  legislation,  and  explaining  first  grew  important,  was   placed 
the  grounds  on  which  an  alteration  in  the  same  position.     With    the 
in    the  system  had  been  deemed  Commonwealth     commenced    the 
advisable.     In  order  to  do  justice  system  which  attained  full  develop- 
to  the  ailment,  it  will  be  neces-  ment  in    the   Navigation   Act  of 
sary  to  give  rather  copious  extracts  Charles  the  Second.    That  system 
bom  this  importantspeech.    Going  was  founded  rather  npon  motives 
back  to  the  earliest  records  in  our  of  state  policy  than   maxims   of 
Statute    Book,    Mr.    Labouchere  trade;  and  was  framed,  firstly,  in 
stated,  that  in  the  reign  of  Richard  the  hope  of  impeding   the  inter- 
the  Second  was  passed  the  first  course  of  the  IiU>yaliBta  with  their 
Navigation   Law  in   the  English  foreign   allies,    and,   secondly,    in 
code.     It  enacted  broadly,  "  that  simple  jealonsy  of  the  great  cany- 
no  subject  of  the  King  should  ship  ing  trade   then    enjojred    by  the 
any  merchandise  outwards  or  home-  Dutch.  Itsprinciplewas  monopoly 
wards  in  any  but  ships  of  the  King's  and  exclusion ;  its  end  was  to  make 
Jiegeance,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  all  the  British  empire  self  supported 
the  rnerchandise  shipped."    This  and  self-relying.     Its  leading  fea- 
Act  was  found  too  strong,  and  was  turea  have  subsisted  to  the  present 
next  year  altered:   foreign   ebijM  day;  thoughmanysucceasiveeventa 
were  allowed    to    take  freights  if  have  interfered  with  its  grand  aim, 
English  could  not  be  found.   Some  and  gradually  abridged  its  action. 
Vol.  XC.  [F] 


66]              ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [EmffUmd. 

The  firet  greal  breach  in  the  eyatom  which  it  naa  too  late  to  te- 
syitam  followed  on  tba  American  pair,  and  which  it  would  be  exceeal- 
war.  A  great  colonial  trade  tud-  ingl;  difficult  to  present  becoming 
deolv  bet^une  a  foreign  trade  when  much  wider. 
tbe  independence  of  our  ColoaieB  The  existing  law  on  the  Bnb|ect 
was  acknowledged.  Anj  aelf-sup-  ia  comprised  in  three  statntea.  One 
jrarting  power  till  then  enjoyed  bj  is  the  Navigation  Law,  properl;ao 
the  empire  was  deatrojed;  and,  in  called — the  Bth  and  flth  Victotia, 
particular,  the  great  intercolonial  chapter  88 — which  is  a  snmmujr 
traffic  which  had  hitherto  subsisted  of  the  pn>*isioQB  of  our  Nangation 
between  the  United  States  and  the  Laws;  the  next  is  the  Act  re^o- 
West  Indies  was  cut  off.  Parlia-  lating  the  regiatrotiim  of  British 
ment  was  unwilling  to  accept  all  vessele,  being  the  8tb  and  9th 
the  consequences  cs  such  cluuiges :  Victoria,  chapter  89 ;  and  the  third 
the  influence  of  Ur.  Pitt  ftuled  him  is  the  statute  for  consolidating  the 
when  he,  wisely  and  courageously,  laws  relating  to  mendiaot  seanten, 
proposed  to  continae  tbe  com-  and  for  keeping  a  registry  of  sea- 
mercialintercourseoftheestnuiged  men,  being  the  7th  and  8th  Vic- 
countries  on  its  former  footing,  toria,  chapter  I L3.  The  Nanga- 
Grievous  embarrastimenta  arose,  don  ]>w  enaols,  with  regard  to  oar 
No  fewer  than  16,000  slares  foreign  trade,  that  certain  enn- 
perished  between  IT80and  1787.  mersled  European  articles  can  only 
from  want  of  the  accustomed  sup-  be  imported  in  British  sliips,  or  in 

filies  of  food  from  America.     Pal>  ships  of  the  country  from  which 

iatives  were  at  last  applied,  and  the  goods  are  exported,  or  of  which 

step  by  step  a  freer  intercourse  the  goods  are  the  produce.     Arti- 

was  allowed.    It  was  reserved  for  cles  the  produce  of  foreign  Asia, 

our  own  times  to  give  to  the  British  Africa,  and  America,  can  only  be 

West  Indian  Islands  a  perfect  free-  imported  direct  from  the  producing 

dom  of  access  to  the  United  States  country,  in  ships  of  that  country, 

for    supplies.      Other    important  or  in  British  ships.    With  r^ard 

changes  bad  been  tbe  admission  of  to  our  colonial  trade,  it  is  throngh- 

Irelend  to  the  English  trade,  the  out  the  empire — except  the  trade 

establishment  of  free  porta,  the  between  this  country  and  India, 

introduction  of    tbe  warehousing  which  ia  open  to  certain  foreignera 

system,  and  the  reciprocity  treaties  under  treaty — confined  to  the  me- 

of  Mr.  Huskisson.     L^Uy,  and  dium  of  British  ships,  and  ke|>t 

recently,  came  the  measure  adopted  quite  to  ourselves.    A  British  ship 

for  enabling  those  inland  countries  in  the  foreign  trade  must  be  navi- 

which,  by  means  of  steam  navig&-  gated  by  a  British  master,  and  by 

tion  and  of  rivers,  can  carry  on  an  a  crew  at  least  three-fourths  of 

intercourse  with  the  sea  near  to  which  are    British   seamen,  and 

the  mouths  of  those  rivers,  to  use  about  one-sixth  apprentices.    The 

the  ports  which  they  approach  as  if  term   British   seamen   excludes  A 

they  were  ports  of  tbeir  own.    Mr.  Lascar.     Furthermore,   a   British 

Labouchere  thought  that  no  man  ship  must  have  been  British-built, 

who  looked  into  results  could  fail  andmustbe  Britieb-owned.   There 

to  see  that  this  last  measure  bad  is  an  anomalous  legal  rule,  that  a 

made  a  breach  in  our  navigation  foreigner    naturalized    in    Great 


EV«»<t]                       HISTORY.  [67 

Bnain  caut  become  n  Britisfa  sbip-  docnrnent  ttiui  that  Address  conid 

owner, ^ileaforeignerturttmliieil  hardly  solicit  the  attention  of  Par^ 

binjof  oar  Colonies  cannot  do  liameot.   In  a  deepatch  dated  19th 

go.  Aa  to  the  ships  of  oar  coastinff  March, 1847,Lord£lginsuppaTted 

tnde,  tb^  must  be  wholly  manned  the  Addreaa  with  these  Btat«sman- 

bj British  seamen.  like  opinione — "It  will  probably 

The  eoacloaicHi  that  tiiese  laws  be  ui^ed  in  certain  quart^re,  that 

require  alteration  is  Bopported  by  the  monopoly  of  the  riTsr  nari^- 

eonnderatuniB    regarxling  the   se-  tion  is  essential  to  the  maintenance 

mrity  eqaally  of  the  oolonial  trade,  of  British  supremacy  in  this  por- 

l^  long    Toyage    tnde,  and  the  tion  of  North  America,  and  that 

onyioe    tntde.     'With   regard  to  the     authority    of     the     mother 

the    coiomal     trade.    Mr.  Laboa-  country  will  be  imperilled  if  the 

ehera  thmightitiinpaeaible  todeny  United    States   are  permitted   to 

Hm  claim  ^  the  Colonies,  that  re-  share  the  privilege.     It  may  well 

stnctionB  originally  imposed  on  all  bedonbted.  however,  whether  these 

fw  the  good  of  all.  and  now  re-  apprehensions   are   well  founded. 

moved  from  the   mother  oountjy  One  of  the  most  e6Scacion8  ejcj)e- 

alone,  should  also  be  removed  firam  dients  for  securing  the  allegiance 

the    ColonieB.      Beetriedons    had  of  a  high-spirited  and  enterprising 

ever  been    the    leading    oolonial  people,  is  to  convince  them  that 

^ieratees.     Mr.  HnsloBSon  even  their  material  interests  will  not  be 

thoo^t  that  they  had  more  to  do  advanced  by  separation;  and  with 

with  the  American  war  of  separa-  respeet  te  any  disposition  on  the 

tion  than  the  qnestion  of  taxation  part  ct  the  United  States  to  resort 

ita^.     HistoTOal  research  would  to  a  policy  of  aggreenon,  I  think 

Bvpport  that  opinion,    Ur.  I^bon-  it  may  safely  be  affirmed  that  do- 

chiare  referred   to  the  history  of  thing  will  be  more  likely  to  keep 

Bryan  Edwards,  replete  with  ac-  anch  a  tendency  in  check  than  the 

oooBts  of  complaints  sad  stmggles  knowledge  that  it  will  entail  the 

about  navigation  restfictions.     So  destruction  of  a  flourishing  trade 

at    this   di^,   remonstrances    and  in  which  the  citazens  of  that  conn- 

oonplaints  against  the  Navigation  try  are  largely  engf^ed." 

IjawB  come  from  all  parts  of  onr  Ur.  Labonchere  then  read  an 

colonial  poiseeeions.  extract  from  a  Memorial  addressed 

On  the  11th  of  July,  1817.  the  to  the    Qneen    by  the   House  of 

I-iegialatiTe  Cooncil  and  Assembly  Assembly  in  Jamaica,   in  which 

trfCanadaadoptedajoiotAddresato  that  body  prayed  for  a  relaxation 

onr  Qoeen,  praying  for  the  opening  of  the  Navigation  Laws,  as  a  mea- 

of  the  St.  Lawrence  to  all  nations,  sure  coodooive  alike  to  their  own 

and  the  aboHtion  of  the  Navigation  eommercial  advancement  and   to 

Laws.     The  United  States  strive  the  tma  interests  of  England.   He 

by  every  means  to   entice  acroBs  quoted  also  from  a  despatch  from 

their  own  territoiy  the  trafBe  from  lord    Hania,    the    Governor    of 

the  great  Western  lakes  to  the  sea-  Trinidad,    advocating    the     same 

boaM;  and  ftnther  indueeBieats  policy  as  ctUonlated  to  be  most 

than  exist  must  be  offered  by  the  ben^ial  to  that  colony,  and  as  a 

rival  nrate  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  compensstion  justly    due    to    its 

Considariflg  the    parties  and  the  traders  for  the  abolition  of  those 

dmuastBnoes,  a  more  important  differential  duties  <m  whioh  the 

(Fa] 


68]             ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

West  Indi&n  interest  had  fonnerly  other  quarter — the  United  States 

depended.  of  America — we  have  received,  not 

Aa  to  the  long  voyage  trade,  Mr.  a  warning,  but  an  invitation,    Laat 

Laboucbere  observed  that  the  law  autumn,  Mr.  Bancroft   and  Lord 

prohibited exportationfromEurope  Falmerston  had  an  oEGcial  conver- 

of  Asiatic,  African,  and  American  eation  on  the  Navigation  Laws,  in 

produce,  and  compelled  its  imports  the  course  of  which  Mr.  Bancroft 

ation  in  native  or  British  ships  expressed  himself  in  these  terms 

direct  from  the  producing  country  — "  We  are  ready  to  do  anything 

He  had  receivea  information  that  you  like :  if  you  can  do  but  little. 

Members  of  the  Opposition  were  we  must  do  little ;  if  you  can  do 

pre]nred  to  abandon  some  part  of  much,  we  will  do  much ;    if  yoa 

the  Navigation  Laws,   and  he  sue-  shall  do  all,  we  shall  do  all."  Snb- 

pected  it  was  tfata.     He  renutrked  sequently,  Mr.  Bancroft  put  these 

that  the  pecuniary  mulct  on  actual  offers  on  record,  and  on  the  3rd 

trade  which  this  branch  of  the  law  November,  184T,wroteasfoltowe — 

inflicted  was  a  trifling  matter  com-  "  The  prohibition  of  the  indirect 

pared  with  the  national  loss  it  oc-  trade   has    but    restrained   enter- 

CBsioned,  by  preventing  trade  from  prise  ;  it  has  done  good  to  neither 

being  carried  on  at  all.  country.     To  abrogate  it  would  at 

Then,  aa  tn  the  security  of  the  once  set  free  dormant  commercial 
indirect  or  carrying  trade,  the  ques-  wealth,  without  injuring  any  one. 
tjon  whether  or  not  the  carrying  Should  Her  Majesty's  Government 
trade  shall  be  retained  no  longer  entertain  similar  views,  the  under- 
rests  with  us  alone.  Foreign  na-  signed  is  prepared,  on  the  part  of 
tions  have  acquired  new  powers,  the  American  Oovemment,  to  pro- 
and  have  given  us  no  obscure  inti-  poae  that  British  ships  may  trade 
mations  of  new  intentions.  Prussia  from  any  port  in  the  world  to  any 
has  already  spoken  on  the  subject,  port  in  the  United  States,  and  be 
with  the  voice  of  all  Germany.  In  received,  protected,  and  in  respect 
aletterof  the  10th  May,  1847,  M.  to  charges  and  duties  treated  like 
Bunsen  thus  addressed  Lord  Pal-  American  ships,  if,  reciprocally, 
merston — "The  treaty  of  1941  American  ships  may  in  like  man- 
does  not  allow  Prussis,  as  the  ag-  ner  trade  from  any  port  of  the 
grieved interestsand  public  opinion  world  to  any  port  under  the  domi- 
in  Germany,  which  powerfully  sop-  nion  of  Her  Britannic  Mtuesty." 
ports  those  interests,  would  re-  Lord  Palraerston  was  unable  to 
quire,  to  restrict  in  analogous  say  more  in  reply  than  that  his 
manner  the  admission  of  British  colleagues  were  prepared  to  submit 
ships;  for  the  second  article  of  this  propositions  to  Parliament  in  ac- 
treaty  accords  to  Great  Britain  the  cordance  vtith  Mr.  Bancroft's  views, 
rights  of  the  most  &voured  nation  Mr.  Lobouchere  would  deeply  la- 
with  respect  to  the  importation  of  ment  to  throw  away  such  an  op- 
si^ar  and  rice.  The  expiration  of  portunityas  this, 
the  treaty  at  the  end  of  the  present  The  alterations  contemplated 
year  will  restore  that  liberty  to  by  Government  were  thus  an- 
the  Prussian  Government,  and  a  nounced  by  Mr.  Labonchere.  Re- 
change  in  the  laws  affecting  navi-  serving  the  coasting  trade  and 
gation  has  been  the  subject  of  its  fisheries,  both  of  Great  Britain 
serious  oonsiderftlion."     From  an-  and  of  the  Colonies,  he  proposed 


England.] 


HISTORY. 


altogether  to  strike  oat  of  the  8ts- 
tat«  Book  the  present  system,  and 
to  "  Oaaw  opea    the  Trhole   nan- 
gition  of  the  coantiy.  of  every  sort 
and    description."     He    propoeed, 
howerer,  to  retain  to  the  Queen  in 
Council  the  power  of  putting  such 
restriction    on    the    navigation  of 
foreign     countries    aa     she    might 
think  fit,  if  those  countries  did  not 
meet    ns    on     equal    temiB,  —  not 
making  it  ohligatoiy  on  the  Queen 
in  Cmmcil,  but  enabling  her  te  use 
the  power  in   such  a  vkj  as  might 
be  best  for  the   interests  of  the 
oountrj.      As  regards  the  coasting 
trade  of  the  Colonies,  that  he  pro- 
posed   to    reserve   in    the    same 
inuiner  as  the  coasting  trade  of  the 
mother  coontiy ;  but  he  meant  to 
allow   each    colouy,  if   it  should 
think  fit,  to  pass  an  Act  throwing 
open  its  coasting  trade  to  foreign 
countries ;   such  Act  to  have  the 
consent  of  the  Crown  ia  the  usual 
manner.     In   short    each  colony 
should  be  allowed  to  deal  with  its 
coasting  trade  as  it  ttioaght  proper. 
If  such  a  power  were  not  given, 
the  case  of  Canada  and  the  navi- 

ron  of  the  St.  Lawrence  would  not 
provided  for  at  all.  As  to  the 
intercolonial  trade,  a  clause  would 
be  introduced  into  the  Bill  giving 
the  Queen  ia  Council  genenu 
powers  relating  to  that  sutyecti 

As  to  the  manning,  ownership, 
and  building  of  British  ships,  he 
proposed  to  do  away  with  the 
necessity  that  ships  he  British- 
bailt.  but  still  to  require  them  to 
be  British-owned.  The  present 
regulations  as  to  manning  are  to  he 
retained  both  in  the  foreign  and 
coasting  trade — except  those  re- 
garding apprentices,  which  are  to 
be  done  away  with  entirely.  Las- 
ears  are  in  future  to  be  considered 
Britisb  sailors ;  and  the  anomalous 


Mr.  Labouchere  anticipated  some 
of  the  Directions  which  he  supposed 
would  be  made ;  and  quoted  some 
&cts  from  the  evidence  taken  be- 
fore the  Select  Committee,  and 
bJbo  from  the  blue  book  of  the 
Consul's  Reports,  in  its  support 

la  reply  to  Mr.  Hume,  Mr. 
Labouchere  stated  thai  Ceylon 
would  be  treated  as  any  other 
British  colony.  In  reply  to  Mr. 
Gladstone,  be  said  that  foreign 
vessels  from  the  deep-sea  fisheries 
would  be  enfU>led  to  bring  their 
produce  direct  to  this  country;  but 
with  respect  to  the  coast  and  bank 
tisheries,  it  was  proposed  to  retain 
to  our  own  people  their  existing  pri- 
vil^es.  In  further  explanation  he 
stated  that  it  bad  not  been  thought 
expedient  to  communicate  with 
other  Oovemmente  except  the  two 
be  bad  mentioned,  while  the  sen- 
timents of  Parliament  were  unas- 
certained. Lastly,  he  was  not  pre- 
pared to  propose  a  compulsory 
system  of  examiriatioD  of  ehip- 
mastere.  There  was  an  increasing 
disposition  among  shipmasters  to 
submit  to  the  voluntary  examina- 
tion now  made ',  and  Government 
desired  to  give  that  system  a  Air- 
ther  trial.  They  intended  during 
the  present  Session  to  snbtnit  mea- 
Bures  relating  to  the  Light  Dues 
and  the  Merchant  Seamen's  Fund  ; 
and  they  contemplated  the  form- 
ation of  a  now  department  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  to  be  called  the 
Department  of  the  Mercantile 
Marine,  which  should  consist  of 
unpaid  officers,  and  be  presided 
over  by  a  Lord  of  the  Admiralty. 

Lord  George  Bentinck  took  the 
lead  in  opposing  the  Ministerial 
proposition,  repeating  the  main  ar- 
guments on  which  the  advocates  of  a 


70]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Et^ond. 

protective  policy  rely,  and  criticis-  thongh^  now  th&t  dte  mano&c- 

ing  in  detail  the  grounds  on  vhicb  taring  int«reat  had  been,  end  tbo 

Mr.    Labouchere    had    supported  shipping  interest  was  to  be,  shoni 

his  proposidoD.  In  reply  to  the  nev  of  exclusive  benefits  in  the  C&oa- 

poiats  raised  by  the   proposes  ot  dian  markets,  it  would  be  difficult 

Prussia  and  Amenca,  Lord  George  any  longer  to  see  what  advantage 

insisted  particularly  on  the  obvious  the  Canadae  could  bring  ujs,  be- 

ond  one-sided  interest  of  America  yond   the  privilege  of  paying  for 

in  making  euch  proposals  to  us.  their  Oovemmeot     As    to   the 

The  aniuety  of  the  American  Mi-  West  Indian  reprMentations,  Mr. 

iiister  to  be  present  at  this  debate  Labouchere  well   knew  that   for 

was  perfectly  natural,  for  the  mea-  every  one  person  connected  with 

snres  proposed  would  be  simply  that  interest  who  desired  a  repeid 

measures  for  tiie  encouragement  of  of    the    Navigation    Laws,    there 

the  United  States  marine.  We  pro-  wero  three  others  who  see  that 

pose  to'tiironppen  to  the  States  our  repeal  would  be  of  no  use  (o  the 

colonial  trade ;  this  we  did  to  some  West  Indian  Islands  unless  it  were 

extent  in  I8SS,  and  again  in  1842  confined   to  them.     Cuba,    Porto 

or  1843 :  and  the  result  has  been,  Rico,  and  Brazil,  would  profit  far 

that  our  own  timber  trade  with  the  more  than  our  own  islands  by  eucfa 

West  Indies  has  fallen  off  60,000  measures   as  were  now  proposed, 

tons,  and  that  of  the  States  has  in-  The  American  ships  were    better 

creased  by  140,OOU  tons.   The  Oo-  built  for   stowage   of    the  sugar- 

vemment  ought  to  be  prepared  to  freights  of  those  places  than  ours 

infonn  the  House  what  would  be  the  for  the  hogehmiiB  and   butts  in 

reduction   of   freight-rates    which  which   West  Indian    sugars    are 

their  measures  would  eETect.     In  packed ;  and  the  result  must  be  an 

the    Economist  —  now.    as    Lord  advantage  to  the  Americans  in  the 

George  supposed,  an  official  organ  market.     As  to  the  Lascars,  Lord 

— the    honourable     Member    for  George  believed  the  Queen  already 

Westbury  lately    set    forth   that  bad  Sufficient  powers  in  councU  to 

2«.  6d.  a  ton  would  be  the  saving  regulate  the  proportions  in  which 

effected  by  repeal  of  the  Navigation  they  might  sail  in  our  ships. 

Laws.     A  million  sterling,  there-  Mr.    Ricardo    replied    to  Lord 

fore,   was   to  be  taken   from   tlie  George   Bentinok.      He  believed 

shipping  interest  and  given  to  the  that  a  reciprocal  opening  of  trade 

oontmmer.     Ought  not  the  House  between  this  oounUy  and  America 

to  wait  for  further  experience  of  would  be  more  to  our  advantage 

the  £'ree-Trade  system  before  it  than  our  loss:  for  although  we  now 

struck  BO  great  a  blow  to  the  ship-  excluded  American  ships  from  oiir 

ping  interest?  Colonies,  those  ships  now  displaced 

It  had  not  been  shown  that  any  ours  from  the  better  markets  of 

interestwasdiscontentedbutthatof  Europe.      The  Americans,  whose 

oar    Kortb  -  American    Colonies  ;  ships  wero  the   dearest  built  aiid 

whO)  having  been  shorn  of  protec*  maimed  in  the  woHd,   had   two- 

tion   to    their    timber  and   com,  thirds  of  the  whole  trade  between 

naturally  now  turn  round  and  de-  this  country  and  the  United  States, 

mand  facilities  of  conveyance  for  On  the  other  hand,  the  Russiaa 

their     products.       Lord     George  ships,  wbichwerethecheapestbnilt 


E»ji«Al                        HISTORY.  [71 

lod  maimed   in   the  wm^d,  were  ried  nutrath  upon  their  verj-  taoe. 
oUiced  to  yield   to  our  ships  the  The  &re  hence  to  Bremen  was  but 
irbole  trade  from   tbeir  conatiy  ta  fU.  or  31.,  and  what  was  there  to 
ouB.   Itwaa  clear  tliat  oursncoew  prevent  emigrants  from  going  to 
in  afneign  trade  dependedon  other  firemen,    and    then    pajing    the 
dements  thaii    tbe   high  coat  oi  cheaper  fares  to  Australia? 
■bme  or  high  -wages.     Mr.  Ricardo  Mr.  Mitchell  rindicated  Mr.  Bi- 
adaoced  the  great   discrepancy  of  caido's  atstemente.       He  sssured 
panage-Mles  charged  here  and  at  the  Eonae  that  the  difTerenoe  in 
Bremen  for  emigration  passages  to  the  rates  of   pasaage-money  had 
Aostralifl.     The  Core  here  was  some  been  scarcely  stall   ezaggented. 
SOt.ahead-.atBremenitwas nearer  With  regard  to  the  inanranoe,  be 
to  im.     Elnglish  ^ps  bad  a  mo-  informed  the  Honse,  diat  thonah 
nopolj  of  freights  to  onr  Colonies,  the  onderwritera  at  Lloyd's  would 
MonaneoaldteUbowfarthaenter-  insure  a  Biitiah  ba^  at  a  lower 
prise  of  the  merchant  was  diecked,  rate    than  a  fore^    hull,    they 
and  his  operabone  prerenled,  hy  would   not   instire  a  cargo  in  a 
nek  laws.  And  whatwaa  the  benefit  Brittsh  vessel  at  so  low  a  rate  as 
Iheycrffered  us  inretnm?  We  were  one  in  a  foreign  vessel.    ThereasoD 
promiaed  a  better  mMining  to  our  was  that  our  ship-building  was  supe- 
RT*]  oavy.     But  a  law  that  had  rior,  but  oar  captains  were  in  intel- 
ensted  for  two  hundred  years  with  ligence  and  reputation  iaferior  to 
this  olgect  ou^it  befnre  now  to  foreign  masters, 
have  made  onr  captains  and  sailors  The   other   speak»B   were  — 
the  most  perfect  in  the  world.  How  against   the  Ministerial  measure, 
hixie  tlue  was  true  aa  to  the  offietn  Mr.    Bobinson,    Ccqitaiu    Harris, 
ci  oar  commercial  marine,  might  be  Lord  Ingestrie,  and  Mr.  Hudson ; 
mbered  trom  the  reports  of  our  in  its  &voar,  Mr.  Hume. 
Consols  as  collected  from  stations  The    fhrUxer    progress    of    the 
all  round  the  world,  and  now  laid  Uinieterial  measure  thus  advanced 
on  the  table  of  the  House.     Mr.  was  suspended  by  a  debate  intro- 
Baeardo  read  several  retracts  from  doced  by  Mr.  Herries,  who,  by  way 
iheee  reports,  to  support  his  asser-  of  making  a  movement  in  an  oppo- 
tkn.  that  allhoiuh  onr  seamen  were  site  direction,  propoaed  a  general 
the  most  skilftu,  oar  shipmasters  resolntion  on   the   SMh  M^,  in 
were  commonly  the  least  educated  favour  of  maintaining  the  fnnda- 
■nd  moral  of  any  in  all  the  navies  mental  princijdee  of  the  Navigation 
of  the  world.  laws.     Mr.  Herries'  qieedi  on 
Mr.  Henley  defended  the  Eng>  this  occasion  may  be  considered  as 
lish  shipowneiB  agunst  "  the  abuse  embodyinff  all  the  leading  ai^|a- 
of  every  sort  asd  kind  "  which  the  menls  of  me  advocates  of  a  reMrio* 
}«8eedin£speaker  bad  beeped  upon  tive  policy,  and  we  shall,  therefore, 
tbenL    The  best  answer  to  auch  dte  in  etetmto  the  most  material 
dedaaUion,  be  said,  was  the  rate  passages.    After  some  preliminary 
of  insurance  at  Uoyd's  ;  where  it  ot^tions  as  to  the  time  and  man- 
was  universally  true  that  English  nor  in  which  the  OoremmeDt  mea- 
•bipe  paid  a  lower  per  oentage  than  sure  had  been   breeched,  while  a 
any  other  ships  in  the  world.   The  Committee  of  the  Lords  was  still 
emigratioa  fares  qnoted  as  otirrmt  sitting  on  the  eot^t,  and  the  in- 
here and  at  Bcemen  relatively  car-  qniry  was    theitfore  incomplete. 


72]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       [Engh»,ui. 

Mr-  Hemes  proceeded  to  confront  NaT^atioD  Laws,  or  of  solidtadon 
the  reasons  adduced  by  bis  oppo-  for  their  repeal.  Commenting  on 
nenta.  He  contended  that  no  the  reeerration  of  the  coasting 
urgency  in  reasons  of  state  had  trade  in  contrast  to  the  opening  of 
been  shown  for  seeking  so  great  the  colonial  trade,  Mr.  Berries  as- 
alterations  ;  and  little  ground  for  serted  his  belief  that  if  an;  alter- 
distrusting  the  established  opinions  ation  were  desirable  it  should  be 
that  such  a  venture  would  be  dan-  applied  to  the  former  rather  than 
gerous  to  the  interests  of  the  coun-  the  latter.  It  was  also  a  great  in- 
try.  He  criticised  in  succession  the  congruity  of  the  scheme,  that,  while 
pleoB  in  behalf  of  Prussia,  America,  it  entirely  abrogated  all  the  pro- 
and  our  West  Indian  Colonies,  for  tection  hitherto  afforded  to  Britiah 
repeal  or  modification  of  the  pre-  seamen,  it  left  unrelieved  the 
sent  code.  Prussia  had  nothing  to  whole  weight  of  the  present  bur- 
give  us  in  return  for  the  concessions  dens  borne  bf  British  shipowners 
she  sought :  on  the  other  baud,  — burdens  only  borne  in  considera- 
her  warnings  and  threats  of  with-  tion  of  the  protecaon  hitherto 
drawing  those  advantages  she  had  granted.  Mr.  Herries  relied  much 
already  conceded,  were  of  trivial  on  the  antbority  of  Mr.  Huskisson, 
moment.  America,  in  the  most  and  quoted  him  for  a  defiaiijon  of 
kindly  and  friendly  way  no  doubt,  that  protecrive  principle  which  he 
requested  to  join  in  our  foreign  and  was  vrilling  to  stand  by ;  and  which 
colonial  trade  in  return  for  reel-  would  reserve  our  colonial,  coast- 
procal  concessions  to  be  made  to  ing,  and  fishing  trade  wholly,  and 
us  ;  but  America  had  no  colonies  ;  protect  our  foreign  trade  as  fkr 
and  it  must  be  sdmitted  that  she  as  was  consistent  with  our  rela- 
had  ever  been  too  "smart"  to  make  lions  and  engagements  with  foreign 
an  offer  from  which  she  herself  was  countries.  He  approved  the  ad- 
npt  to  be  a  gainer.  As  to  .the  vant^es  given  by  Mr.  Huskisson 
West  Indies,  Mr.  Herries  went  under  his  reciprocity  treaties.  He 
into  detailed  statements  to  show  was  not  aware  that  any  Members 
that  the  petition  against  the  Navi-  of  the  House  were  disposed  to  re- 
cation  Laws  agreed  to  by  the  fuse  all  discussion  of  the  sulgect, 
Jamaica  House  of  Assembly  could  or  the  removal  of  any  existing  and 
but  very  imperfectly  have  repre-  real  inconveniences  which  might 
sented  the  real  sentiments  of  that  be  safely  removed.  If  the  House 
body,  or  of  the  island  at  large,  were  agreed  on  the  general  prin- 
It  had  been  carried  tbroi^h  in  an  ciple  of  protecting  our  marine,  it 
unusual  way,  at  an  unusual  time  might,  in  Committee,  remove  ano- 
—  had  in  fact  been  smu^led  mules  which  bad  been  the  object 
through:  some  Members  had  never  of  censure  and  ridicule  in  some 
heard  of  it,  and  one  bad  even  de-  quarters,  where  attention  seemed 
nied  its  existence,  when  examined  to  have  been  bestowed  only  on  the 
before  the  House  of  Lords.  Public  smaller  parts  of  the  subject:  they 
memorials  had  been  prepared  both  ni>gbt  put  an  end  to  some  of  those 
before  and  since  that  petition,  and  difficulties  as  to  sending  nnts  from 
had  passed  through  Committees  of  Hamburg,  end  the  like,  which  cer^ 
inqmiy  in  the  island  Legislature,  tainly  might  be  described  as  ab- 
in  which  not  a  vrord  occurred  of  BurditieB. 
allnsioB  to  the  grievances  of  the        Sketefaing  atatistically  the  enor- 


EnglMMd.] 


HISTORY. 


[73 


Btaaa  magnitude  of  the  interests 
embttrked,  he  etuneatlj  deprecated 
hasty  ]egisIatjoo.  He  indicated 
the  extent  and  nature  of  the 
changes  he  thought  admissible, 
and  the  opposition  he  would  offer 
to  tneasurea  which  he  might  think 
too  hazardous  or  too  precipitate, 
in  their  ez(«nt,  or  in  their  time 
and  method  of  proposal.  If  the 
House  proceeded  with  care  and 
deliberation,  affording  full  time  to 
the  nation,  and  espe^l;  to  those 
deeplj  interested  in  the  subject, 
for  expreasing  their  opinion  to  the 
Legislature,  then  he  had  no  olgec- 
tioo.  But  upon  a  question  which 
iuToIved  no  demand  for  immediate 
legislation,  which  did  not  contain 
in  the  slightest  degree  the  element 
of  emei^encyi  and  which  involved 
an  alteration  that  in  the  opinion 
of  man;  would  be  attended  with 
the  worst  effects,  though  others 
donbtless  considered  the  effects 
voold  be  meet  salutary — upon  such 
a  question  to  proceed  with  the 
haste  which  was  now  proposed  by 
HerMajesty'sGovemment,  wasut- 
terly  preposterous,  and  would  never 
be  agreed  to,  he  hoped,  by  the 
House  of  Commons.  At^l  events, 
no  effort  should  be  wanting  on  his 
part  to  prevent  the  passing  of  euch 
a  measure  at  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Herries  moved  the  follow- 
ing Resolution,  as  an  Amendment 
to  Lord  John  Russell's  Motion  on 
the  order  of  the  day  for  going  into 
Committee  : — "  That  it  is  essential 
to  the  national  interests  of  this 
country  to  maintain  the  funda- 
mental principles  of  the  existing 
Navigation  Lews,  subject  to  such 
modi£catione  as  may  be  best  calcu- 
lated to  obviate  any  proved  incon- 
venience to  the  commerce  of  the 
United  Kingdom  and  its  depen^ 
dencies,  without  danger  to  our 
maritime  strength." 
Mr,  LaboQcbere  followed  with  a 


general  support  of  the  Ministerial 
scheme.  He  showed  that  English 
shipping  and  seamen  were  quite 
equal  to  meet  foreign  shipping  and 
seamen  in  equal  markets ;  that,  in 
fact,  wherever  they  had  done  so, 
the  increase  of  tonnage  in  our  fa- 
vour had  been  strikingly  great. 
On  the  other  hand,  he  showed  by 
figures  that  the  moat  protected 
departments  of  the  shipping  were 
comparatively  the  least  fiourishing 
He  replied  to  the  remarks  made 
respecting  the  Jamaica  Memorial. 
He  was  unable  to  contradict  or 
confirm  Mr.  Herries,  but  be  ap- 
prehended that  the  right  hon. 
Gentleman  was  hardly  prepared  to 
say,    unless    the    same    trick  was 

tlayed  all  over  the  island,  that  the 
[emorial  of  the  planters,  mer- 
chants, labourers,  and  others  of 
Jamaica,  did  not  represent  the 
opinions  of  those  who  had  sent  it 
to  this  country.  Mr.  Labouchere 
read  an  extract  from  a  Memorial 
from  the  latter  body,  setting 
forth  that  the  freights  which 
they  were  obliged  to  pay  were 
nearly  double  the  amount  of  what 
they  would  be  if  the  Navigation 
Laws  were  repealed;  and  that  a 
large  number  of  American  ships 
went  away  from  the  island  in  bal- 
last, which  would  otherwise  be 
available  for  carrying  away  the 
produce  of  the  colony.  He  ad- 
mitted that  the  real  point  for  the 
House  to  decide  was  fairly  raised 
bythe  Resolution  proposed.  Would 
they  be  contented  with  patchwork 
legislation?  Was  it  right  to  main- 
tain the  principles  of  the  Naviga- 
tion Laws?  The  first  principle 
was  that  of  colonial  monopoly;  the 
second  was  the  maintenance  of 
those  restrictions  which  were  in- 
tended to  secure  the  long  voyage 
trade  to  this  country ;  and  the 
third  was  the  maintenance  of  those 
restrictions  which  were  intended  U> 


74]               ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  lEnglMd. 

secure tiieEurap«uioan7ing-traJe.  Mr.  Heniy  Dnimmoad  difiered 

Tlie   question    wee,  wbetlier  thej  from  the  OoTBrnmeiit.  and  from 

««re  prepared  to  consider  the  pro-  their  opponents   also :   he  disap- 

priety  of   departing   from    those  proved  of  the  principle  of  the  Mi- 

principles,    or  leaving  them  un-  nist«rial  scheme,  but  intended  to 

touched;  whether  they  should  meet  give  no  vote  against  it,  regardii^ 

tile  «-ants  of  commeroe  and  the  it  as  an  ewential  step  in  ^e  new 

exigenciesof  the  case  before  them;  corameroiAl  policy    to  whidi  the 

nhether  they  wero   prepared  tho-  country  was  committed, 

roughly  and  completely  to  revise  Mr.  Scott  supported  the  Reso- 

the  whole  system  of  our  Navi^tion  lation,  wbidi    was    opposed  widi 

Laws,  with  the  view  of  adapting  much  statistical  research  by  Mr. 

them  to  the  s^orit  (tf  the  bmes,  James   Wilson,  and  also  t^  Dr. 

and  meeting  the  just  demands  of  Bowring. 

other  countries,  the  wishes  of  our  The  debate  beii^  ajjonmed  to 

own  colonies,  and  the  interesta  of  the  nest  evening,  Mr.  Bobinson, 

our    expanding    trade?     Ha    had  the  Marquia  of  Granby,  and  Mr. 

never  sought  to  disffoiee  from  the  Henley,  spoke  on  the  protection 

House  the  magnitude  of  the  quee-  side :    Mr.  Mo&tt,  Mr.  Mitchell, 

don.     It  was  to  be  considered  in  and  Mr.  M.  Gibson,  on  the  side  of 

all  its  details,  and  was  fairly  raised  relaxation. 

by  the  right  hon.  Gentleman.     Of  Mr.  Bobinson  not  only  enforced 

course,  if  the  right  honourable  Gen-  the  general  argument  that  therewaa 

tlemen  carried  his   resolution,    it  no  demand  for  the  measure,  nor  any 

would  be  fatal  to  the  measure  of  adequate  cause  for  change,  but  also 

the  Government.  referred  to  special  evidmee  to  diow 

Mr.  Laboochere  deferred  all  dis-  that  English  shipmasters  were  not 
cnssion  of  details  till  the  House  so  inferior  as  they  had  been  de- 
should  be  in  Committee,  and  would  scribed,  but  were  improving.  He 
simply  call  for  the  taking  of  that  would  like  to  know  from  the  Lords 
step,  in  order  that  tlw  measure  oftheAdmiralty.wbetherthey were 
might  be  £airly  considered.  prepared  with  any  other  plan  of 

Mr.    Herries'  views  were  ably  manning    the    navy  in    cases   of 

supportedbyMr.A1dermanThomp>  emergency  than  the  one  now  in 

BOD.    He  warned  the  House  against  existence,  b^ore  they  exposed  our 

the  effect  on  our  colonial  shipping  commeroial  marine  to  siich  fearful 

trade  which  would  follow  on  the  competition  as  was  then  proposed, 

opening  of  that  trade  to  the  Ame-  He   doubted  exceedingly  whether 

ncans,  whose  ships  already  sup-  the  proposal  of  Sir  James  Stirling 

plied  our  West  Indian  settlementa  to  keep  up  a  loi^e  naval  establish- 

with  the  whole  of  the  lumber  re-  meut  in  time  of  peace,  so  as  to 

ned  by  them,  even  under  the  render  the  navy  at  all  times  com- 
dvantage  of  always  leaving  the  paratively  independent  of  our  com- 
port in  ballast  meroial  marine,  would  meet  with 
Mr.  H.  J.  Baillie  admitted  that  much  favour  in  the  present  stats 
all  restrictions  on  trade  are  iiyu-  of  our  finances.  He  assented  la 
rious  to  Botne  extent ;  but  he  one  change ;  shipovmers  wero  forced 
thought  that  the  restrictions  of  the  to  train  up  apprentices,  very  much 
Navigation  Laws  were  far  out-  to  their  detriment,  and  woidd  will- 
balanced  by  the  advantages  which  ingly  agree  to  the  proposition  for 
they  secured.  altering  the  law  in  (hot  respect. 


E»gU»d.}  HISTORY.  [75 

The  Harqois  of  Qnnby  also  al-  clamoured  for  suspensioD  of  the 

luded  to  the  imperative  necessitir  NaTigstJon  Lans.     What  can  that 

of  maniuDg  tlie  fieet.    Mr.  IaIiou-  law   be  good   for  which  moat   be 

cbera  had  said  he  had  kept  the  suapended  on   the  first  presBure? 

cosating  trade  iutaot  ss  a  reeerre  Fore^  countries    maj  cury  for 

for   aeainen  fot  the   rojnl   navy;  themsehes,  but  not  for  each  other; 

but  waa  there  no  chance  of  that  ao  that    in  &ct    the  Navigadon 

trade  failing?  Was  he  certain  that  Law  protects  each  foreign  country 

in  a  few  years  hence  that  trade  agninat  all  the  rest;  ami  the  cor- 

could  be  relied  upon  asareserre  responding  Navigation  Law — of  the 

for  Buppljring  the  na^  with  sea-  United  States,  for  instance — ec 

BMn?     There  was  erideuce  on  re-  oludes  the  ehipe  of  this  ooooDy 

cord  which  went  to  show  that  the  firom  more  thui  h^  the  import 

railways  might,  in  a  few  yeara,  trade  oi  the  Union, 
deetxoj  dte  coastiiig  trade  of  the        Mr.  Gibson  beliered  that  Sir 
James  Stirling's  proposition 


Mr.  Ifitcbell  conHoTorted  Ur.  not  bo  very  unreasonable  ae  some 

Bobinsen's    assertions  —  instating  repressnted,  and  that  there  might 

that  EngUah  ahipmasters  were  pe-  be  a  reoonstitution  ot  the  navy  so 

caliariy  dtargesUe  with  dmnl^  as  to  make  it  quite  independent  of 

habits :  and  ^st  shippers  predened  ^e  merchant  serrice  for  a  eupjdy 

Jbreigu    vessels    to   £ngUsh,    the  of  men.     It  mit^t  be  done  by  di- 

cargoes   being    in   greatier  Bsfety.  minishing    the    expenses    of   the 

Ee  showed  that  in  respect  of  outfit  navy.     For  instance,  might  there 

English  shiui  are  as  cheap  as  any;  not  be  fewer  officers  ?   Honourable 

asd  he  partly  imputed  the  superior  Gmtlenen  oj^oaite  said  that  the 

chancter  of  the  masters  and  crews  mercantile  marine  was  necessary 

in    the    ships  of  the    Americans  for  the  suf^rt  of  our  naval  power, 

to  faif^ier  scuariea  and  wages :  the  and  yet  tbeysaid  they  most  strongly 

masters    were    better  paid    than  olgected  to  impressment;  but  no 

onr  own,  except  In  the  India  or  one  pointed  out  how  the  transfer 

long  voyage  trade;  and  while  the  of  men  from  the  merchant  service 

lowest  wages  in  American  ships  to  the  navy  vras  to   be  efiected. 

were  81.  a  mcmth,  in  our  ships  they  That  was  a  point  that  perplexed 

were  4&$.  him  mnch.    He  believed  we  bad 

Mr.  Gibeon  showed  the  oonfiissd  no  mode  of  getting  these  men  ex- 

and  conflicting  efiects  of  the  pro-  cept  making  them  come  against 

hibitory  parts  of  the  law.    People  their  will.    At  this  moment  they 

may  export  in  any  ships  they  think  did  not  volunteer  very  freely ;  and 

{■roper,  but  they  must  only  import  he  wad  quite  sure  they  would  not 

in  shipa  of  the   country  or  their  in  case  we  wanted  their  services 

own.     A  merchant  may  even  im-  for  waifore.     But  the  effect  of  onr 

port  f(»eign  provisions,  if  they  are  attempting  to  impress  them  would 

not  to  be  consumed  by  the  people  be  to  make  them  fly  to  America; 

of  England ;  if  his  goods  are  to  be  and  the  mercantile  marine  and  the 

bonded,  then  they  are  untonched  naval  power  would  both  lose  their 

by  the  Navigation  Laws ;  yet,  last  eervioes. 

year,  when  there  was  a  pressure        A    further    ai^ouroment    took 

from  the  want  of  food,  ^e  very  place,  and  numerous  speeches  were 

opponents  of  the  present  measure  delivered  on  either  side.    The  Re- 


76]              ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Enjte**- 

solution  of  Mr.  Herries  was  sup-  Ad  attempt  was  now  nude  to 

ported  by  Mr.  Hudson.   CaptaiD  bring  the  lengUiened  discussion  to 

Harris,  Sir  Alexander  Hood,  Mr.  a  close;  but  Sir  John  Walsh  suc- 

.Newdegate,  Mr.  Wawn,  Lord  In-  ceeded,   after  a  division  on    the 

gestrie,  and  Mr.  R.  Hildyard.  point,  in  a  motion  for  resuming  it 

The   repeal   of  the   Narigation  on  the    6th   of  June.     The  most 

Laws   was   advocated  by  Captain  prominent  speeches  on  l^at  night 

Berkeley  and  Lord  John  Hay.   Mr.  were   those   of  Mr.  Cardwell,  Sir 

Clay  could  not  support  the  mea-  George   Clerk,    and    Sir   Charles 

sure  of  GoTemmeat  without  auxi-  Wood. 

liery  measures,  to  create  a  nursery  Mr.  Cardwell  objected  to   the 

for  our  seamen,  and  to  relieve  our  measure  for  not  relaxing  the  law 

mercantile  navy  from  restrictions  in  fovour  of  reciprocity  treaties,  ro- 

and   burdensome  duties,    such  as  ther  than  abrogating  those  treaties; 

marine  insurance  duties,  foreign  and  he  noticed  some  particular  im- 

brokerage,  church-money  at  Cron-  perfections.     Restrictions  aa  to  the 

stadt,  1^.  manningofshipsweretoberetained 

Mr.  Gladstone  made  an  able  and  against  the  English  shipowner,  al- 

comprehensive  speech  on  the  whole  though  those  with  whom  he  would 

subject,  taking  a  view  not  exactly  in  have  to  compete  were  exempt.  The 

accordance  with  the  sentiments  of  British  shipowner  would  be  free  to 

either  party  in  the  debate.     The  purchase  ships  where  he  could  ob- 

broad    question   of    repeal,    as    a  tain  the  cheapest;  and  yet  the  duty 

matter  of  expediency  and  season-  was  retained  on  the  timber  used  by 

ableness,  he  decided  in  the  afBrma-  the  British  shipbuilder,  the  only 

tive ;  but  on  the  specific  Govern-  instance  in  the  tariff  of  a  duty  on 

ment  scheme  he  expressed  a  qua-  raw  material,    Mr.  Labouchere  had 

lified  opinion.      He   should  have  hoped  to  avoid  creating  qlarm  by 

preferred   a    more    gradual   mea>  exempting  the  coasting  trade  from 

sure.    He  wished  that  the  Govern-  the  operation  of  the  measure  ;  but 

ment  had  adhered  to  the  uniform  he  bad  not  avoided  alarm  ;  and  he 

course  of   precedents,    and  made  might  have  used  relaxations  in  that 

large  concessions  conditional  upon  law  to  obtain  reciprocal  relaxaUons 

reciprocal    conc«BsionB    by    o^er  from  the  United  States.     On  the 

Powers.    He  objected  to  the  dis-  whole,    however,     Mr.    Cardwell 

cretionary  power  proposed  to  be  thought  that  the  time  was  come  for 

lodged  in  the  Queen  in  Council,  a  ju£ciouB  relaxation  of  the  Navi- 

wilJi  a  view  of  extorting  reciprocity,  gation  Laws;  and  he  regarded  it 

which  was  a  discretion  too  large  and  aa  a  libel  on  the  British  name  to 

too  delicate ;  and  he  thought  the  sa;  that  we  were  not  qualified  to 

Government  would  have  acted  more  compete  with  every  nation  in  the 

safely  and  wisely  by  undoing  piece-  world, 

meal,  rather  than  by  introducing  a  Sir   Charles  Wood  noticed  the 

measnreofeo  sweeping  a  character,  all  but  universal  concurrence  in 

He  censured  the  policy  of  exclud-  favour  of  some  change  in  the  Navi- 

ing  the  coasting  trade  from  this  gation  Laws:    every  speaker   but 

measure :  we  should  have  offered  two  had  admitted   the  necessity, 

to  admit  the   Americans    to  our  Sir  Charles  showed  the  difficulty 

coasting  trade  if  they  would  admit  of  proceeding  by  the  exceptional 

US  to  theirs.  mode  of  reciprocity  treaties.     By 


EnglnA,-\                         HISTORY.  [77 

general    measures     oar    Golonies  enough  to  petition  for  th^  repeal 

would  benefit.      Sir  Robert  Feel's  of  the  Navigatioa  I>aws  be  aware, 

eipeneoce  of  relaxiDg  the    Sugar  then,  that  they  would  have  16,900 

Duties  to  particular  coanlries  was  more  boxes  of  Cuba  sugar  in  the 

inatructiTe:  it   failed    because  ^  market,  and  S«.  lower  in  price  than 

were  hampered  and  boand  by  trea-  they  could   afford    to  sell  it  at. 

ties  with  other  Powers,  especially  Lord  George   attacked  the   Free 

imder  the  "Inos^£aTo^r«d  nation"  Trade  of  1846,  for  producing  the 

clause;  so  that  it  was  difficult  to  dire  consequences  which  we  had 

cariT  out  views  with  respect  to  any  since  felt,  in  a  ruined  trade  and 

single  country.    Sir  Chailes  stated  starring  people;   and  he   warned 

several  instances  of  similar  anoma-  Ministera  ^oioBt  a  further  attempt 

lies,  one  of  which  hod  been  got  over  to  lay  the  iron  hand  of  competition 

by  declaring  a  port  in  Turkey  to  on  our  shipping. 

be  a  port  in  Austria.  Mr.  Cobden  endeavoured  to  place 

Sir  John  Walsh.  Mr.  Miles,  and  the  main  arguments  on  which  the 
Sir  Charles  Burrell,  addressed  tbe  advocates  of  relaxation  rely  in  a 
House  on  the  other  side;  but  the  close  and  succinct  form.  He 
subject  was  now  becoming  too  much  showed  by  an  appeal  to  the  pub- 
exhausted  to  admit  of  novelty,  lished  evidence,  that  we  can  build 
The  debate  was  again  ai^oumed  ships  better  than  foreign  countries, 
for  the  fourth  time,  and  the  last  and  at  as  cheap  a  rate ;  sail  them 
night  called  forth  some  of  the  most  as  well ;  take  greater  care  of  the 
powerful  speeches  that  had  been  cargoes,  and  secure  greater  punctu- 
delivered  on  the  question.  ality    and    despatch — our    sailors 

Lord  George  Bentinck  enforced  havingthe  greatest  natural  aptitude 
hisargumentA  byacopious  display  of  for  tbe  sea  of  any  in  the  world.  The 
statistics,  for  thepuroose  of  show-  only  drawbacks  were  of  a  moral 
ing,  first,  that  Mr.  James  Wilson  kind— insubordination  and  drunk- 
had  been  guilty  in  his  speech  of  enness;  but  they  would  yield  to 
serious  errors ;  and,  next,  that  Bri-  better  culture.  Alluding  to  one 
tish  merchants  and  seamen,  how-  part  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  speech, 
ever  energetic  and  enterprising,  Mr.  Cobden  reminded  him  that  re- 
woold  not  be  able  to  cope  wiUi  ciprocityhadalreadybeen promised 
the  rivalry  of  the  United  States  onthepartof AmericaandPrussia. 
andother  fbreign  countries,  if  the  Mr.Cobdenrepudiatedtheboast- 
loiter  were  admitted  to  a  partici-  fullanguagewhichhesooftenheard 
paiioD  of  the  carrying  trade.  For  with  regret  respecting  England's 
example.  Lord  Oeoige  read  a  let'  naval  Bupremacy.  He  must  say  that 
ter  addressed  to  a  broker  in  tbe  those  boasts  were  generally  uttered 
City,  in  which  it  was  stated  that  after  dinner,  and  therefore  they 
there  were  American  vessels  in  the  might  be  the  result  of  a  little  extra 
river  with  16.927  boxes  of  Cuba  excitement.  The  abolition  of  the 
sugar,  and  that  it  was  2«.  per  Navigation  Laws  would  not  aSect 
hundredweight  cheaper  in  conse-  thenavolcDnditionofGreatBritain. 
qnence  of  being  brought  in  foreign  But  was  this  a  time  to  be  always 
vessels;  but  in  consequence  of  the  singing  "Rule  Britannia"?  ("Hear, 
Navigation  Laws  it  was  not  ad-  hear!"  and  latighleT.)  Ifhonour- 
missn>Ie  into  this  country.  Let  able  Members  opposite  had  served 
those  coloDJsts  who  were  foolish  with  him  upon  tbe  Committee  on 


78] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[England. 


the  Army,  Navy,  and  Ordnmcd 
EstimaUe,  thej  would  bswe  a 
joat  sense  of  the  cost  of  that  song. 
The  conatatit  assertion  of  mari- 
time eupremai^  was  calcniated  to 
provoke  hindred  passiona  in  other 
nationB ;  whereas,  if  Great  Britain 
«nuDciated  the  doctrines  of  peace, 
she  would  invoke  similw  send- 
ments  from  the  rest  of  the  world. 
Freedom  of  trade  and  interoonrsa 
blended  the  interests  of  nations  to- 
gether, and  placed  one  of  the  most 
potential  obstacles  in  the  waj  of 
war. 

Mr.  Bisiaeli  delivered  a  speech 
replete  with  statistical  details,  but 
illustrated  with  bis  nsnal  brilliancy 
of  rhetoric  and  sarcastic  hnmour. 
He  had  described  the  Manchester 
Free-Trade  school  as  ai^ning  in  a 
▼ioioos  circle,  to  tn^e  ont  their 
promise  of  perpetoal  advantagea : 
that  promise  had  been  disproTed  by 
the  events;  and  Mt.  Cobden  now 
became  the  advocate  of  a  new 
vicious  oi  role,  endeavouring  tu  prove 
that  this  country  ought  to  take  its 
share  in  univeraal  aisoster.  Mr. 
Disraeli  avowed  that  he  was  there 
to  advocate  the  present  syitem, 
which  had  worked  with  great  ad- 
vantage to  the  State;  and  be  un- 
dertook to  show  that  the  arguments 
against  it  were  unsubstantial  and 
fallaoiouB.  Forinstance,  itwassaid 
that  the  oountiy  successfully  com- 
peted with  the  foreigner  in  the  »• 
port  trade:  he  denied  it.  Every 
one  knew  that  if  a  lai^e  order  was 
given  from  America  for  iron,  they 
made  it  a  condition  that  it  should 
be  exported  in  American  ships. 
Within  a  day  or  two,  a  large  order 
bad  been  given  from  the  French 
Ooverament  for  coal;  and  it  was  a 
condition  of  the  contract  that  it 
shoold  be  exported  in  French  ships. 
Mr.  Disraeli  adduced  a  mass  of  sta- 
tiatiea  to  establish  tbia  position, 


and  to  show  that  Mr.  James  Wilson 
had  been  deceived  in  his  con- 
clusions. He  insisted  that  the 
Colonies  ooutd  not  be  proved  to  have 
aqSered  from  the  Navigation  Laws; 
he  read  evidence  given  before  the 
Lords'  Oommitt«e,  to  ■  show  that 
Prussia  ooold  not  retaliate,  and  the 
UnitedStates  could  not  reeiproeate; 
and  he  adris«d  the  Ministers,  whose 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  stood  amazed  between  the 
bland  smiles  of  Mr.  Bancroft  and 
the  bowl  and  dagger  of  the  Cheva- 
lier Bunsen,  to  oia^e  themselves 
better  acquainted  with  the  facts, 
and  to  mature  tiieir  position  a  little 
more,  as  there  was  nothing  more 
fatal  to  national  interests  than  the 
recklesBness  of  ignorance.  He 
would  not  sing  "fhile  Britannia," 
for  fear  of  distressing  Mr.  Cobden ; 
butfaedid  not  think  that  the  House 
would  encore  "Yankee  Doodle." 
Mr.  Labouchere  had  described  this 
as  "  the  age  of  commeroe,  peace,  and 
internal  improvement:"  on  the 
contrary,  it  was  the  age  of  no  trade, 
of  intended  war,  and  of  Communist 
bands  tearing  up  railways.  Look- 
ing at  the  state  of  the  Continent, 
Mr.  Cobden  probably  was  not  now 
BO  devoted  a  believer  in  the  qitut 
gsntium  tine  armu.  Mr.  Disraeli, 
at  all  events,  could  not  "  share  the 
responsibility  of  endangering  that 
empire  which  extended  beyond  the 
Americas  and  the  'farthest  Ind,' 
which  was  foreebadowed  by  the 
genius  of  a  Blake,  and  conseorated 
by  the  blood  of  a  Nelson — the  em- 
pire of  the  seas."    (Cheen.) 

Sir  Bobert  Peel,  who  was  at 
first  encountered  vritfa  an  unusual 
demonstiution  of  hostility  from  the 
Protectionist  benches,  which,  how- 
ever, was  composed  into  silence  by 
the  reflection  be  drew  from  it  upon 
the  want  of  confidence  which  it  im- 
plied in  their  own  arguments,  then 


»wfc^  ]                      HISTORY.  [79 

■ddreesed  the  Honse  in  one  of  his  countries  "liaTiDg  found  out  that 

most  impressive  and  cloeelj'-ar^ed  thej  have  a  ikii  claim  to  insist  on 

spoeches.     Beverting  to  the  great  tboseprivil^eeinnaTigationwhich 

question     of     oommercial    policj,  jou  insist  on  for  jouraelves — if  I 

which  had  been  re-opened  by  the  look  to  our  reciprocity  treaties,  and 

preeeot  debate,  he  addressed  him-  to  the  various  complicated  claims 

self  to  prove  that,  in  spite  of  casual  arising  under  them — if  I  look  to 

disaster,  the    advantages  of  Free  the  mutilate  and  shattered  state 

Trade  were  manifest  in  the  exten-  of  the  Navigation  Laws,  as  thej  now 

sion  of  our  commerce.    It  was  not,  exist — ^I   find   a  number  of  con- 

ofoourse.intendedon  theotherside  current    reasons  for    delibenttelj 

to  saj  that  tiie  adraiaeion  of  ran  thinking  that  we  should  consider 

material  under  the  tariff  of  1843  whether   those  laws  should  stand 

and  1846  had  injurioualj  affected  on    their  present   foundation,    or 

the   trade    of  the   coontrj.     The  vrbetber  we  should  consider  diem 

grouod  of  objeclioQ  must  be,  that  with  a  view  to  extensive  change." 

it  waa  wrong   to    admit   foreign  The  speech  of  Ur.  Diaraeli  had 

manufactures  in  competition  with  in  truth  scarcely  touched  the  qnes- 

oor  own.     (ChMn  Jrom  the  Pro-  tion.    If  he  could  have  shown  that 

lectionUtt.)  Bvetyarticle  of  foreign  the  relaxation  of  the  Navigation 

manufacture,  itwas  said,  threw  out  Laws  would*  diminish  our  means 

of  employment  thousand  of  native  of  national  defence,  and  endanger 

workmen.    ("Hear,  hear!")    But  the  national  security.  Sir  Robert 

what  a  doctrine  was  that  for  a  great  Peel,  differing  in  this  respect  from 

manufacturing  nation,   which  ex-  Mr.  Cobden's  views,  thought  that 

ported    58, 000,000^.   in    declared  a  powerful,    perhaps  a  btal  oh- 

value    of  its    own   manufactures!  jecLion,   might    be   urged  against 

Admit  that  doctrine,  and  foreign  sacrificing    the  national    security 

countriee  must  regard  us  not  as  the  to  any  interest.    But  did  the  Navi- 

■    bene&ctora,  btfC  as  the  enemies  of  gation  Laws  conduce  to  that  end? 

human  happiness.  Look  at  the  pro-  The  amendment  called  upon  them 

mssive  increase  of  exports  under  to    nmintain    the    "fundamental 

Free  Trade — from  37,000,000/.  a  principles "oftheNavigatiouLaws: 

year,  in  the  five  yeais  ending  with  now  what  were  those  principles? 

183S,  to  55,000,0001.  in  the  last  Tbe  Navigatioa  Laws  were  esta- 

five  yean,  and  58,971,0001.  in  the  blished  to  destroy  the  maritime 

last  year,  1847,  a  year  of  severe  power  of  the  Putco;  hut  what  waa 

depression.    Yet  it  was  said  that  their  effect? — To  give  the  Dutch 

Free  Trade  has  failed  —  that  we  a  direct  advantage  over  us  in  the 

did  nothing  but  import,  and  that  intercourse  with  the  United  States, 

we  purchased    our   imports  vrith  As  laid  dowti  by  Adam  Smith,  the 

gola!  principles  of  the  Navigation  Laws 

The  period  had  now  arrived  when  applied  to  tbe  coasting  trade,  the 

it  was  desirable  to  revise  tbe  Navi-  cairying  trade,  the  Ssheries,  and  the 

ran  Laws.    "  If  Hook,"  sud  Sir  colonial  intercourse.   The  fisheries 

Peel,  "to  the  position  of  our  and  coasting  trade  were  to  be  pre- 

Colonies,  after  the  application  of  servedby  theGovemmentmeasure, 

the  principle^  of  Free  Trade   to  IntheoUierreepectstfaeKavigatioa 

many  articles  of  their  produce — if  I^aws  bad  been  completely  mud- 

I  locate  tbe  {act  of  many  European  lated  by  the  reciprocity  treaties. 


80] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       [E-sfanJ. 


Mr.  Hemes  hsd  avowed  that  ha 
had  laboured  night  and  day  with 
Mr.  HuskissoQ,  and  was  prepared  to 
cany  Mr.  Huskisson'a  reciprocity 
principlea  still  further:  yet  there 
was  no  greater  breach  of  the  fun- 
damental principles  of  the  Naviga- 
tion Laws  than  the  reciprocity 
system.  And  in  the  face  of  this  fact 
Mr.  Herries  came  down  and  es- 
hibited  his  "fundamental  prin- 
ciples!" When  Adam  Smith  wrote, 
he  did  not  foresee  the  separation  of 
the  United  States;  but  from  that 
period  scarcely  a  year  had  passed 
without  an  infringement  of  the 
"  fundamental  principles  "  of  these 
laws.  And  he  must  here  observe, 
that  on  the  occasion  of  every  such 
infringement  there  was  prectisely 
the  same  sort  of  outc^  of  "  ruin  to 
the  shipowner."  In  1789,  when 
they  wished  to  admit  Ireland  to  par- 
ticipation in  the  colonial  trade,  the 
shipowners  loudly  complained ;  and 
those  of  Liverpool,  in  a  petition 
which  they  had  addressed  to  that 
House,  declared  that  "  if  any  such 
thing  were  permitted,  Liverpool 
must  inevitably  be  reduced  to  its 
original  insignificance."  ("Hear!" 
and  laughter.) 

As  to  the  national  defence,  it  was 
on  the  commercial  marine  and  the 
number  of  our  seamen  that  we  must 
place  our  reliance  in  time  of  war. 
Now  the  tonnage  of  this  country 
had  increased  from  2,792,000  in 
1836,  to  3,952,000  in  1847;  our 
seamen,  from  117.000  in  1814  to 
!iS3,000  in  1847.  Impressment 
applied  equally  whether  the  Naviga- 
tion Laws  were  maintained  or  not; 
but  the  time  had  arrived  when  it  was 
incumbent  on  Parliament  to  con- 
sider whether  it  would  ever  be  pos- 
sible again  to  put  that  system  into 
operation  ;  and  its  value  had  been 
much  reduced  by  the  introduction 
of  steam  navigation.    On  the  other 


hand,  let  them  compare  our  favour- 
able position  with  that  of  other 
countries.  The  Baltic  ports  were 
closed  by  ice  four  montl^  in  every 
year.  France  had  a  strict  Naviga- 
tion Law ;  had  it  improved  her  com- 
mercial marine  ?  if  ight  it  not,  on 
the  contrary,  suggest  a  doubt  whe- 
ther naval  superiority  did  not  de- 
pend on  the  habits,  pursuits,  incli- 
nations, and  associations  of  a  peo- 
ple, rather  than  on  any  code  of  laws 
whatever?  {Much  cheering.)  In 
moat  items  of  expense,  it  was  shown 
by  Captain  Briggs,  the  master  of  a 
liner  between  Uie  United  States 
and  this  country,  and  a  most  intelli- 
gent witness-^that  tlie  balance  was 
m  favour  of  the  British  shipowner. 

Touching  upon  the  particular 
measure  before  ihe  House,  Sir 
Robert  Peel  expressed  an  appre- 
hension that  the  power  proposed 
to  be  given  to  the  Crown,  of  re- 
establishing restrictions  after  a 
trade  had  once  been  opened,  would 
be  most  difficult  in  operation:  it 
looked  very  like  inverting  the  usual 
order  of  the  constitution.  The 
House  of  Commods  would  relax, 
while  the  Grown  would  have  to 
restrain;  and  he  feared  that  that 
was  a  position  which  the  Crown 
would  find  difficult  and  unplea- 
sant. He  thought  it  would  be 
much  belter  to  give  a  temporary 
foroe  to  the  Act,  sending  it  back 
to  the  Commons,  say  at  the  end  of 
five  years. 

Lord  John  Russell  briefly  woimd 

up  the  debate,  the  necessity  for  a 

lengthened  speech  being  obviated, 

he  said,  by  Sir  Robert  Peel's 


The  House  now  came  to  a  di- 
vision, when  there  appeared — 
For  Mr.  Herries'  Resolution  177 
Against  it     .     .    ^     .     .     294 

Minority  for  the  Government  1 17 


Enghua.-l                       HISTORY.  [81 

B7  thia  decision  the  gronnd  was  the  GoYemmeiit  had  engaged 
cleared  for  the  Minbterial  mea-  themselves  to  promote  duriog  the 
mre,  but  as  the  above  result  was  present  Session,  was  a  Bill  for  the 
not  arrived  at  until  the  9th  Jane,  removal  of  the  test  b;  which  Mem- 
it  was  manifestly  hopeless  to  ex-  hers  of  the  Jewish  persuasion  bad 
pect  that  the  Bill  could  pass  hitherto  been  prevented  from 
throogh  Parliament  during  the  taking  their  seats  in  the  House  of 
preaeot  Session.  The  circnmslance  Oommons.  The  impediment  was 
of  its  being  introduced  at  so  late  a  created  hj  the  words  with  which 
period  was  adverted  to  with  some  the  declsmtion,  exacted  from  every 
dia^probation  bj  those  Members  Member,  concludes,  "on  the  true 
who  were  anxious  for  a  settlement  lailh  of  a  Christian."  The  election 
ef  the  questi(»i,  and  the  conduct  of  of  Baron  Rothschild  as  one  of  the 
the  Government  did  not  escape  Members  for  the  City  of  London, 
eensure.  No  surprise  was  created  and  the  colleague  in  that  repre- 
under  theee  circumstances,  when  sentatioa  of  the  Prime  Minister, 
Mr.  Laboocbere,  on  the  10th  was  the  immediate  occasion  by 
August,  announaed  the  conclusion  which  this  question,  after  having 
which  every  one  had  anticipated,  remained  for  many  years  dormant, 
that  the  measure  was  to  be  post-  was  revived  in  Uie  public  mind, 
poned  to  tbe  following  year.  He  Lord  John  Russell  undertook,  in 
mored  at  tbe  same  time  for  leave  compliance  with  the  wishes  of  bis 
to  bring  in  tbe  Bill  which  had  been  constituents,  to  remove  the  legal 
prepared,  in  order  that  the  views  impediment  which  debarred  Mem- 
of  the  Idinistry  on  the  question  here  of  the  Jewish  reli^n  from 
might  W  definitely  laid  before  the  one  of  tbe  most  important  civil 
public,  and  might  receive  due  con-  rights  of  British  sulyects.  A  mo- 
nder&tlon  in  the  interval.  At  the  dification  of  the  terms  of  the  deda- 
aame  time,  Mr.  Laboacbere  in-  ration  to  be  taken  by  Membera  of 
timate4thattheOovemmentwould  Parliament  formed  the  simple  eu- 
by  no  means  deem  themselves  actmentof  the  Bill.  It  encountered, 
precluded  from  taking  advautage  however,  a  very  warm  opposition, 
of  any  information  or  suggestion  both  in  Parliament  and  among  the 
during  the  recess,  by  which  the  community  at  large.  On  the 
measure  mi^t  be  altered  for  the  second  reading  being  moved  upon 
better.  the  Tth  Februaiy,  Mr.  Augustus 

Mr.  Herries  said,  that  upon  this  Stafford  took  the  lead  by  proposing 

understanding  he  should  not  at  an    amendment,    "that  the  Bill 

present  oppose  the  introduction  of  should  be  read  a  second  time  that 

the  Bill,  though  be  should  reserve  day  six  months."     It  may  be  re- 

to  himself  the  full  right  of  renew-  marked  inpassing,that,aeit  turned 

ing  his  opposition  to  it  next  year,  out,  the  House  was  actually  sitting 

Mr.    Gladstone   uiged    npon    the  on  that  day  six  months,  and  for 

Government    the    expediency    of  some  time  afterwards,  so  that  this 

bringing  on  the  Bill  at  the  earliest  formal  method  of  shelving  the  Bill 

period    pOBwble    in    the  ensuing  might  have  failed  of  its  design. 

BeanoD.    Leave  was  then  given  to  Mr.  Stafford  began  by  reminding 

bring  in  the  Bill.  the  House  that  but  a  small  number 

Another  measure  involving  prin-  of  petitions  had  been  presented  in 

(udes  of  gnat  importuice,  which  &vo<^  of  the  measure:,  the  feding 

voL.xa  "■  [Gj 


82]             ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [Enyhnd. 

of  the  public  could  not,  tbetefore.  Bill.  He  endeaTonred,  in  a  Bpeech 
be  relied  upon  as  an  argument  for  of  much  legal  research,  to  eatablisb 
the  change.  Neither  persecution  tiiat  there  vaa  nothing  in  the 
nor  toleration  was  here  at  stake;  common  law  or  in  the  statute  Iftw 
iireedom  was  already  oonceded  and  of  the  coontr;  of  so  exclusive  & 
guaranteed  to  every  religion.  There  character  that  violence  would  be 
waa  involved  only  the  question,  done  by  the  remoTol  of  the  Jemsb 
whether  the  House  would  continue  disdoilidea.  Reviewing  the  cases 
to  hold  certain  beliels  or  no-behefs  in  the  law  books,  the  old  forms  of 
as  disqualifications  to  legislate.  In  writSiandtbeproviaioRsofstatntes, 
reply  to  the  plea  that  the  admis-  be  contended  that  oil  contradictiona 
nuns  of  Jews  could  but  be  few  to  bis  proposition  wme  only  ap- 
if  the  disqualification  were  re-  parent  contradictions,  or  too  ex- 
moved,  he  asked,  waa  that  the  travagantly  superstitions  to  be  now 
argument  that  was  successful  in  gravely  quoted.  Of  both  cbarao- 
the  case  of  seven  millions  of  people  ters  was  the  prt»%tmed  opinion  of 
in  a  neighbouring  island  some  years  Lord  Coke,  that  Jews  were  aliens. 
^0  ?  If  concession  were  made  in  In  the  first  plaoe,  the  passage 
this  case,  how  could  it  be  refused  really  had  nothing  to  do  wiib  Jews, 
to  the  appointment  of  a  Boman  Secondly,  the  red  point  laid  down 
Catholic  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ire-  was,  that  no  injidd  could  be  a 
land?  A  notice  was  now  on  the  natUTaHom  subject,  becaose  be 
Order  Book,  that  that  concession  was  the  subject  of  the  devil,  who 
woold  be  sought  in  Oommittee  on  was  the  enemy  of  Christ  onr  king, 
the  Irish  Cmritable  Trusts  Bill.  It  was  eonUnded  that  an  infidel 
What  then  would  stand  between  could  not  even  sue  or  move  in  the 
the  English  Romanists  and  tlie  cor-  courts;  which,  however,  was  too 
responding  office  here?  Lastly,  much  even  for  the  judges  of  those 
when  a  Roman  Catholic  Lord  times,  and  was  suppressed-  The 
Chancellor  dispensed  lawinEng-  ActofWilliamtheThird,excluding 
land,  what  should  bar  a  Roman  Unitarians  from  certain  civil  pri- 
CatholicSovereignfromthethrone?  vileges,  waa  aimed  only  againat 
A  far  greater  grievance  to  the  Jews  persons  "who  had  been  ed  nested 
than  the  one  aimed  at  by  this  Bill  in  or  mode  profession  of  Chris- 
was  the  compulsory  observance  of  tianity,"  and  then  "denied  the 
the  Christian  Sabbath;  yet  there  doctrine  of  the  blessed  Trinity:" 
wss  no  agitation  against  that.  If  the  section  seemed  purposely 
such  an  agitation  should  arise,  was  moulded  to  leave  the  Jews  intact, 
the  House  prepared  to  give  up  the  Since  that  time,  Acts  hod  passed 
recognition  of  that  day  by  all  ?  by  which  Jews  had  been  admitted 

Lord    Burgbley   seconded    the  to   legislative   privileges  in    the 

amendment,  on  the  ground  that  Colotiies.    This  was  the  oaae  both 

the  bill  tended  to  unchrislianize  in  Jamaica  and  in  Canada.     The 

the  Legislature.      He  could  not  first  Christian  principle  was  to  do 

admit  infidels  or  &fussulmans  to  a  unto  others  as  you  would  bedoneby. 

seat  in  Parliament,  nor  could  he  Mr.  M.  Milnes  adverted  to  the 

admit  Jews,  towards  whom,  neveiv  distinction  drawn  by  Mr.  StttSbrd 

tbeless,  he  entertained  the  most  betneen  what  was  persecution  and 

charitable  feelings.  what  was  not.     But  surely  the 

Ur.  W.  P.  Wood  supported  the  victim  and  not  the  oi^reasor  should 


]  HISTORY.  [83 

b«  coiudlted  npon  tlitt  qnMtkm.  vwe withdrawn?  Might th«Uem' 

Hm  »f»thj  in  ths  pnblic  nund  ber  not  say,  'I  h&TS  not  sworn 

from  whidi  eome  Mombns  had  to  any  &ith,  and  declare,  ss  Cod 

infened   an   indiffcmos   to  th«  doie«t  declared,  my  disbelief  in 

rif^ta  of  die  Jews,  was  in  his  (Hr.  Christianity?' "  Tltere  must  ensue 

^nes's)  eyes   a  piwtf  that  the  a  lowering  of  the  tone  of  debate  to 

Bill  did  not  oatiage  the  religions  enable  persons  to  eipresa  opinions 

sentinienta  ot  the  natioii.     This  whioh  would  be  most  painful  to 

conntfj,  eren  with  a  few  Jewish  the  minority  at  Brst,  but  would  by 

memben  in  its  Liegislature,  would  cnatom  oeaee  to  be  t^auBive,  and 

Bot  cease  to  be  the  moet  Christian  at  last  enter  into  the  recognised 

eomtiy  on  the  esrtb.     Hie  ex-  opinion  of  the  House.    The  oath 

ehisioB  from  the  CbancellofBbip  in  muld     exdude     all     lumourabU 

England  depmded  on  the  office  DeiBts;  and  others  would  be  re- 

harii^  ehnrcB  patronage :  aoch  was  strained   from    propagsndism   of 

sot  the  case  with  the  Irish  office,  their  doctrines  on  the  door  of  the 

and  Uisra  was  thwefere  not  the  House. 

same  occasion  for  exclusion.    The        Sir.  W.Uoleeworth  called  stlen- 

prrnciple  of   onr  oonstitutioa  was  tion  to  some  striking  contrarietiea 

■ot  exclusion,  but  the  reverse;  and  arising  out  of  the  conflict  between 

ereiy  test  was  fonnded  on  some  the  statutes  regulating  Election 

Bpenfio  object :  for  example,  the  Committees  and  the  statutes  im> 

Homai  Cubcdio  oath  arose  from  posing  oaths  and  tests.    "  The  sum 

fear  of  a   Fofosh  succession  and  and  substance  of  my  argument," 

Fo^h  plots.    The  decuionof  the  SirWilliamrecapituUUed,  "is  this. 

Honae  would  be  of  important  in-  BoronRoihschUdhasbeenlawfully 

flnencfl    beyond    English   shores,  chosen  a  Member  of  the  House 

The  question  had  raised  the  great-  of  Commons ;  consequently,  be  is 

•at  interest  in  the  Pmssian  Pailia-  legally  bound  to  serve,  and  may  be 

mflat,  when  lately  complete  eman-  summoned  to  attend  in  bis  place  in 

•ipation  was  refused  by  only  a  Parliament:  if,  when  summoned, 

■arrow  minori^  of  ST.    The  qoes-  he  do  not  attend,  be  must  be  taken 

tion  was  a  turning-point  of  libwty  into  custody,  and  otherwise  pun- 

Ibr  larj^  bodies  of  men  in  fbragn  ished :  if  he  do  att«ad,  he  would 

eoDotnee.  If  tluHoose  determined  be  entitled  to  take  the  oaths  of 

in  fawoBT  of  the  Jews,  it  was  to  be  allegiance  end  sopremaoy  acnord- 

hoped  thatnootheraathoritywoald  ing  to  the  Jemsh  mode  of  taking 

teel  jostifled  in  closing  the  doors  an  oath;  but  his  religious  faith 

of  Pariiament  agunst  men  such  as  would   prevent  him  from  tsking 

had  bacQ  seleoted  by  the  people  of  the  oath  oi  abjuration.    He  would 

England   and   anpavved   by   the  thereibre  refuse  to  t^e  that  oath. 

Englisli  Boose  of  Commons.  What  would  be  the  consequence? 

Lord  Mahon  opposed  the  Bill,  I  cannot  pretend  to  say  whether 

eontroi'ertiiig  some  of  the  moM  such  a  refusal  wonld  or  would  not, 

pmninaat  acgnaMnts  of  ito  sup-  under  the  orcumstsnoes   of  the 

porten.     "  Soppose  a  Deist  took  ease,    constitute    an   offence   for 

his  seat  in  flu  House,  and  there  which  he  could  be  punished.   It  is 

wviled    Chriatiaaity — <woidd    the  c«1«in,  however,  that  the  House 

Bpe«ker  have  tlie  power  or  right  to  has  no  power  to   relieve  Baron 

iuer&te  if  the  nligiona  aanetaQn  Sothsehill  from  the  oblicntign  » 

[Ga]  , ..  .         ,,.c 


84]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       LEngUind. 

take  the  oath  of  abjur&tion,  no  the    e&rlj  Cbristuna,    tibe  Albi- 

power  to  relieve  him  from   the  genses  were  elaugbtered,  and  onr 

obligation  to  attend  in  his  place  in  own  fires  were  lighted  in  Smith- 

tiie  House,  no  power  to  dispense  field.    Under  that  pies  Catholics 

with  bia  services  on  an  Election  burnt    Ptx)te8tant8 ;    Proteatants 

Committee,  no  power  to  declare  burnt  Catholics.    Calvin  kindled 

bis  election  null  and  void ;  and  the  faggot  of  Servetus  witb  the 

that  no  law  or  custom  of  Parlia-  approbation  of  Uelanctbon ;   and 

ment  can  be  cited,  and  no  prece-  even  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  New 

dent  con  be  produced,  which  would  England    were    persecutors,    and 

justifj  the   House    in    expelling  hung  Quakers  on  the  gibbets  of 

him.    If,  indeed,  the  Honee  were  Massachusetts  1    Under  the  same 

nevertheless  (o  expel  the  bononr-  plea,  in  modem  times,  we  excluded 

able    Gentleman,  he    would    not  Dissenters  from  our  Corporations 

thereby  become  legally  ineligible ;  and  Roman  Catholics  from    For- 

and,  as  often  as  the  House  might  liament ;  and  for  the  same  reasons 

expel    him,   so   often  would    the  Jews  are  now  refused  a  seat  in  the 

electors  of  the  city  of  London  be  British  Houseof Commons.  Butre- 

legally  entitled  to   re-elect  him,"  ligious  liberty  has  triumphed  over 

Uembers  who  objected  to  the  pre-  thenidebigotiyofantiquityandthe 

sent  Bill  ought  to  propose  some  cruel    persecutions    of    our    fore-^ 

other  efi'ective  means  of  escape  out  fathers ;  it  will  ultimately  acbiere 

of  these  diflicnitiea — bnt  they  had  a  victory  over  the  milder  intole- 

not  attempted  the  task.  The  object  ranee  of  honourable    Gentlemen 

of  the  Bill  was  merely  to  make  such  opposite  i   and  the  result  will  bo 

an  alteration  in  the  form,  not  the  peace  and  good-will  among  men  of 

Buhstance,  of  the  oath,  as  would  evei7  faith  who  are  sul^ects  of  the 

enable  the  Jew  to  take  it.     The  British  empire." 
I^egislature  never  meant  the  form        Mr.  Wdpole  opposed  the  Bill 

to  be  a  religious  test.     Where-  in  an  ai^mentative  and  -earnest 

ever  it  was  likely  to  prove   bo,  speech,  which  he  summed  up  aa 

enactments    hod  specifically  pro-  follows: — "When  the  noble  Lord 

vided  the  very  means  proposed  in  was  returned  for  the  City  in  con- 

this  case  to  avoid  that  difficulty.  junction   with    a    Jew,   his    (Mr. 

It  was  not,  however,  a  question  Walpole's)    first    impression    was 

of  mere  precedents,  bnt  a  struggle  that  he  would  support  the  intra- 

between  the  principle  of  religions  duction  of  that  gentleman  to  Par- 

equality  and  its  antagonist  prin-  liament;  and  it  was  not  till  be  had 

dple  that  the  State  is  able  and  considered  the  subject  in  all  its 

Ought  to  determine  what  religion  hearings   that  he  found    himself 

is  the  true  religion.     "  That  doc-  bound   in  duty  to  oppose  iL     It 

trine  of  religious  infallibility  of  the  was  therefore  notwitbout  a  stmggle 

state,"  said  Sir  W.  Molesworth,  with  bis    own  feelings   that  he 

"  hasbeeninallagesandamongall  opposed   this    measure,  when  b4 

people  the  plea  for  the  crimes  of  in-  thought  of  all  that  the  Jews  were, 

tolerance  and  persecution.    Under  of  all  that  they  had  been,  and  of 

that    plea    Socrates  vras    put   to  all  that  they  might  be,  and  when 

death  and  the  Saviour  of  the  world  be  bore  in  mind  that  the  time 

was  crucified.     Under  that  plea  would  yet  come  when  they  would 

ib»  Pagan  Empeiws  immolated  again  be  what  they  once  were,  .the 


Enyu«>a.}  HISTORY.  [8B 

bronred  people  of  the  Lord.   This  ing  almost  to  idoUtrous  veneratioa 

was,  however,  a  qoestion  of  prin-  — was  not  Bolingbroke,  who  united 

dple,  and  when  principle  was  at  toezternalaccompliahmentbighin- 

Btake  feeling  mnst  give  way.     He  tellectual  endowments,  and  whose 

entreated  the  House  to  pause  ere  intercourse  in  private  life  exercised 

they  gave    ia    to    the    falladons  a  species  of  fascination  on  all  who 

reasoning  that  becaose  thej  had  had   the   misfortune   to  approach 

made   a   man    a   magistrate  they  him — was  not  Bolingbroke,   the 

ahonld  also  make  him  a  l^sletor ;  infidel  Bolingbroke,  a  member  of 

— to  pause  ere  they  adopted  the  this  House?     Was  he  stopped  by 

btal  maxim  of  the  noble  Lord,  the  test  which  arrested  the  Jew? 

that  all  who  bore  the  bordens  of  Did  he  not,  on  the  contrary,  tread 

the  State  were  entitled  to  its  privi-  upon  it  and  mount  to  the  height 

leges  and  honours ; — to  pause  ere  of  power,  and  become  a  confidential 

they  allowed    themselres   to    be  adviser  of  the  Sovereign?    Is  it 

carried  away  by  the  &nciful  notion  not   preposterous  that  a  man  by 

that  their  constitution  was  a  fun-  whom  Revelation  was  rejected,  who 

-damental  matter  of  an  ezpanaive  doubted   the    immortality  of    the 

character; — to  pause  ere  (heyun-  aoul,  who  doubted  a  future  state 

dennined,   or  in  any  way  dimi-  of  reward  and  punishment,  who 

nished.tbat  great  principle  on  which  doubted  eternity  and  Providence, 

the  State  bad  always  been  founded;  who  believed  nothing,  who  feared 

a  principle  which  in  the  minds  of  nothing,  who  hoped  for  nothing, 

all  reflective  men  bad  been  always  who  laid   no   restraint  upon   his 

associated  with  the  national  great-  depravity,  who  had  no  incentivia 

nese,  because  it  was  identified  with  to    virtue   beyond    such    natural 

the  national  goodness ;  a  principle  promptings  as  God  may  have  given 

which  animated  the  public  conduct  him, — is  it  not    monstrous    that 

of  their  Government,  and  operated  such  a  fiend  should  find  bis  vray 

as  effectively  in  their  Legislature  into  the  Honee  of  Commons,  and 

as  in  their  households.    And  in  climb  to  the  pinnacle  of  power,  and 

conclosion  they  wonld  perhaps  per-  that  you  should  slap  the  door  with 

mit  him  to  remind  them,  in  the  indignation    in    the    face    of   an 

solemn  language  which  was  heard  honourable  and  conscientious  man, 

yesterday  in  ever;  cfaorch  in  the  who    adheres   to  the   religion  in 

idngdotn, '  that  whatever  ye  do  in  which  he  was  bom  and  bred — of 

word  or  in  deed,  ye  shall  do  all  in  a  man  who  beheves  in  the  facts 

the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus.'  "  which  constitute  the  foundation  of 

Mr.  Shell  supported  the  Bill  in  Christianity — who  believes  in  the 

an  eloquent  speech.      The  follow-  existence, of  the  noble  part  of  onr 

Xpaasage  waa  one  of  the  most  being — who  believes  in  the  mercies 

live: — "There  had  been  re-  of God.andwhopractiseshomanity 

peated  references  in  this  House  to  to  man>-who  believes  in  the  Ma 

thecelebrBtedauthorofthe'I>eGline  great    injunctions    on    which    all 

■nd  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire;'  morality  is  based — whose  ear  is 

bnt  I  think  that  a  name  still  more  never  deaf  to  the  supplications  of 

illustrious  might  have  been  cited,  .suffering,  '  whose  hana  is  open  as 

Was  not  Boliogbroke,  the  fatally  day  to  melting  charity,'  and  whose 

acoomplisbed  Bolingbroke,  to  whose  life  perhaps  presents  a  better  e^ 

{leniaa  were ofieredtribotes amount-  «m|£flcatiQn  of-the  precepts  of  th$ 


86]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.        [EngUmd. 

Gospel  than  mtny  of  those  men  for  proposition  now  before  the  Houh  ? 
the  Oake  of  whose  Chrislian  re-  It  wts  that  they,  a  Chriatiaa 
ligion  these  dishonouring  disabili-  people,  shonld  set  at  nought  the 
ties  are  injuriously  maintained?"  truUia  of  prophecy;  that  they 
"  In  Belgium  and  in  France  all  should  be  blind  to  the  fulfilment  of 
distinctions  between  Christian  and  the  decrees  of  Providence ;  and  that 
Jew  are  abolished.  I  trust  that  they  should  in  their  weakness  call 
Protestant  England  will  ftdtow  in  ^at  people  to  legislate  for  them 
that  great  example.  A  great  deal  irhom  Ood  had  pronounced  to  be 
of  pr^ndice  at  one  time  esisted  in  unfit  to  legislate  for  themselves, 
this  country  which  is  banning  to  The  debate  was  now  adjourned, 
disperse.  London  has  made  a  and  resnmed  on  the  11th.  On 
noble  manifbstation  of  iu  will,  that  evening,  the  speakers  in  op- 
Are  yon  prepared'  to  throw  back  position  to  the  Bill  were  Lord 
the  Jew  upon  London,  in  order  Drumlanrig,  Mr.  R.  Spooner,  Mr. 
that  London  may  throw  badi  the  H.  K.  Seymer.and  Ur.  G.  Bankes. 
Jewuponyou?  But  notonlyare  ItwassupportedbyMr.C. Pearson, 
the  disqualifications  of  the  Jew  Mr.  W.  Uowpar,  Mr.  Horeman, 
inconsistent  niih  the  spirit  of  the  Mr.  Gockbom, and  Sir  Robert  PeeL 
Christian  relijpon.  bnt  those  dis-  The  speech  of  the  right  honour- 
abilities  impede  the  progress  of  able  Baronet  was  a  very  imprees- 
Christian  truth.  They  prevent  ive  one,  and  produced  much  efiect 
the  conversion  of  the  Jew,  and  npon  the  House.  Sir  Robert 
produce  effects  diametrically  oppo-  began  with  an  avowal  that  in 
site  to  what  is  intended.  The  matters  of  legielation  and  govern- 
disabilities  of  the  Jew  are  sufii-  ment  he  entertained  a  deep  sense 
ciently  vexatious  to  make  conver-  of  roligioos  oUigation ;  and  he  ad- 
non  be  regarded  as  a  synonyme  mitted  that  between  the  tenets  of 
with  apostacy.  The  fetters  by  the  Chrititians  and  the  Jews  there 
which  the  Jew  is  bonnd,  though  was  a  vital  difference — inessentials 
apparentiy  light,  are  strong  enough  the  two  religions  were  more  directly 
to  fosten  nim  down  and  make  it  a  ants gonizea  than  any  others.  But 
natter  of  discredit  that  he  should  even  siqipoaing  that  he  had  any 
desert  his  creed.  Nothinff  effectual  authority  to  determine  what  is 
will  be  dons  for  the  extinction  of  religious  error,  he  cerlainlj  had  no 
Judaism  till  you  yosrsetves  have  commission  to  ponish  the  Jews — 
begun  by  making  restitution  of  his  to  ponish  the  descendants  for  the 
birthright  to  every  Englishman  by  sin  of  their  &thera,  not  onto  the 
whom  the  Jewish  religion  is  pro-  third  and  fourth  generation,  but 
fessed."  .  nnto  the  throe-hundredth  or  four- 
Mr.  Newdegate  complained  that  fanndnedth.  Civil  disability,  how- 
tbe  intentions  of  the  Government  ever,  was  a  penalty.  In  the  case  of 
respecting  the  Jewish  question  had  the  Roman  Cathotic  the  disability 
been  purposely  suppressed  at  the  was  not  imposed  as  a  penalty 
late  general  election.  He  could  because  he  maintained  the  iKKtrine 
not  forget  the  history  of  that  of  transubstantiation,  but  because 
people,  nor  disregard  the  lessons  he  was  deemed  a  dangerous  subject 
which  the  visible  judgments  upon  in  consequence  of  his  adraowledg- 
their  race  were  so  strongly  calcu-  ing  the  suprsmai^  of  a  foreign 
lated  to  impress. — What  w$  lbs  pnnoe.    Sir  Robert  aitaied  into  a 


E^land.]                         HISTORY.  [87 

critical  axamioalion  of  Dr.  Arnold's  For  the  Second  Readiog      377 

dicbun.  that  Jews  should  bsre  the        Against  it 204 

ffiTale  but  not  the  pablio  rights  of  

atixcms;  to  which  he  opposed  the  H^ority    ....      73 

tiUhontf  of  Bjtoom,  that  tJie  rights  Upon  two  .subsequent  occasions 

of    "  natural  -  bom    subjects"  are  the  principle  of  the  Jewish  Dis- 

"eompleteaud  entire."  Heshowed  abilities  Bill  was  sgain  contested 

how  Ine  Jew  is  piacticsUj  excluded  in  the  House  of  Commons.    On 

from  no  pablio   office — not  even  the   motion    for  considering    the 

tntm  the  Privy  Council,  unless  it  Report,  Mr.  Goring  moved  as  an 

be    indirectly ;    so    that  he    had  amendment,    "  That    it     is     the 

already  acquired  the  position  of  a  (pinion   of    this  Hooae,   that  so 

Britiahcitizen,withrigbtsconi^lete  long  as  the  House  of  Commons 

and  generally  recognised.   The  re-  exercises  the  authority  which  it 

fnsal  to  admit  faim  to  Psrliameat  at  present  does  over  the  Estab- 

wsa  the  sole  invidious  exception  to  lished  Church,  no  Jew  ought  to 

that  position.     The  Jew  sustained  possess  the   franchise,  much  less 

the  same  burdens  as  other  citi-  to  be  allowed  to  sit  in  this  House." 

sens ;  the  Christians  scrupled  not  Mr.  Goring  said  that  there  was 

to  borrow  money  from  him ;  manj  one  class    in    the   country,    the 

<rf  his  race,  like  Sir  Uoees  Moots-  nsursrs  and  gamblers  in  the  pub- 

fiore,  were  brilliant  examples  cf  lie  securities,  whose  interests  were 

vittne  and  benevolence.    An  exotu-  in   direct  opposition   to   those   of 

■ion  nnanpported  bj  reason  could  the  rest  of  the  community.    He 

not  be  permanently  maintained,  dted  the  apostoUcal  precept  against 

The  safety  of  our  religion  was  in  holding  communion  with  heretics, 

nowise  dependent  on  the  exclasi<»i  and  declared   that  to  invite  the 

of  Banm  do  Bothschild  or  any  revjlers  of  our  Saviour  into  that 

othergentlemanof  the  Jewish  per-  House  would  be   to    draw   down 

■oaaion :  nnlees  it  weie  from  inier>  Almighty    vengeance    upon     the 

nal  dissension,  the  Church  of  £ng-  country. 

land  was  stronger  at  that  moment  Mr.  Gumming  Bruce,  iu  support 
than  at  any  other  period  within  r^  of  the  amendment,  said,  that  he 
centhistoiy,  and  was  not  dependent  did  not  conceive  that  a  man's  re> 
en  the  question  of  two  or  three  l^on  was,  as  alleged  by  some 
«otes  more  or  fewer  in  that  House,  persons,  a  matter  exclusively  be- 
There  was  no  clase  oi  oar  fellow  tween  himself  and  hie  Creator; 
beings  to  whom  every  Christian  it  materially  affected  his  fetlow- 
state  in  Europe  owed  such  rep&rar  beings,  and  bad  a  strong  tendency 
tion  for  oentuiiee  of  iryostice.  per-  to  qualify  or  disqaalify  him  for 
eacution,  and  wrong ;  and  Sir  Ro-  political  functions.  Sir  W.  Vemer 
bart  Peel  rejoiced  to  think  that  the  thought  the  Established  Church, 
example  of  England  woold  conduce  both  here  and  in  Ireland,  hod 
to  the  weUare  «f  the  Jews  in  other  never  ceased  to  suffer  wrong  siuoe 
eoontries — wovld  expedite  their  the  Boman  Catholic  Relief  Act  wss 
emancipation,  or  at  least  -soothe  passed.  Mr.  Hornby  expected  ere 
tbem  aader  oppression.  many  years  after  this  Bill  passed 
After  some  further  discuanon  to  see  thirty  or  forty  Jews  in  that 
the  House  came  to  a  division,  House-^that  four  of  them  would 
iriien  there  appeand—  represent  London ;  thiy  mightalso 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.         [England. 


become 'Premiere  and  Chancellors 
of  the  Exchequer,  and  in  such 
case  would  no  doubt  favour  their 
own  people  on  'Change  with  any 
priority  of  information  officially 
obtained,  Hr.  Adderly  concurred 
in  the  poaition  set  forth  by  the 
emeadment.  Sir  R.  H.  Inglis 
thought  that  it  nould  have  been 
sounder  policy  to  refuse  the  fran- 
chise to  tiieBoman  Catholics,  than 
to  concede  to  them  admission  to 
the  Legislature.  He  suggested 
that  the  amendment  should  not 
be  pressed,  but  that  opponents  of 
the  Bill  should  reserve  themselves 
for  a  protest  against  the  principle 
upon  the  third  reading,  ^r.  Gard- 
ner spoke  in  favour  of  the  Bill. 
Mr.  Urquhart,  on  the  other  side, 
argued  that  the  Church  was  un- 
justly exposed  to  the  assaults  of 
her  enemies,  by  the  indiscriminate 
admission  of  Members  of  all  creeds 
into  the  House.  Lord  Dudley 
'Stuart  exhibited  the  statistical 
account  of  the  petitions  which  had 
been  presented  affecting  the  Bill. 
Ample  time  had  been  asked  by 
the  opponents  of  the  Bill  for  the 
country  to  rise  up  against  it :  after 
ample  time  has  elapsed,  what  were 
Ihe  results — petitions  with  60,000 
siguatures  a^inst  the  Bill,  and 
petitions  signed  by  more  than 
300.000  in  its  favour.  In  the 
latter  class  were  petitions  from 
almost  every  corporation  in  the 
Itingdom— Jedburgh  and  Sudbury 
being  the  only  two  on  the  other 
side.  Lord  Dudley  stated  that  a 
learned  Jewish  doctor,  a  Rabbi,  in 
a  late  lecture  at  Birmingham, 
taking  the  Gospels  as  authentic 
histories  of  their  times,  avowed 
that  Jesus  of  Nazareth  was  the 
victim  of  fanaticism,  of  the  lust  of 

Eower  and  jealousy  of  the  Jewish 
ierarchy.  The  feeling  was  a  grow- 
ing one  among  men  ot  piety,  and 


reflection,  that  complete  toleratioa 
must  be  established. 

Ultimately  Mr.  Goring  withdrew 
his  amendment.  Mr.  Willoughbj 
moved  another,  limiting  the  offices 
to  be  held  by  Jews,  which  was  lost 
on  s  division  by  196  to  SS.  Sir 
Kobert  Inglis  next  moved  a  pro- 
viso, that  no  Jew  should  be  a  Judge 
in  any  Court  of  Law,  or  a  Member 
of  the  Privy  Council.  This  was 
also  negatived  by  303  to  109. 

The  third  reading  of  the  Bill 
underwent  considerable  postpone* 
ment,  bnt  tbo  motion  ultinuUely 
came  on  upon  the  4th  of  Alay.  3ir 
Frederick  Thesiger  renewed  the  op- 
position on  this  occasion,  by  moving 
"  that  the  Bill  be  read  a  third 
time  on  that  day  six  months." 

Sir  Frederick  gave  up  the  doc- 
trine that  to  admit  Jews  to  the 
Legislature  would  in  any  degree 
interfere  with  the  Divine  decree 
under  which  their  condition  pre- 
sentsastanding  miracle;  for  it  was 
absurd,  and  perhaps  worse,  to 
suppose  that  any  course  of  pro- 
ceedings adapted  by  the  frail  and 
feeble  inhabitants  of  this  nether 
world  could  interfere  with  the 
councils  of  the  Almighty.  But  he' 
opposed  the  alteration  of  the  oath, 
because  our  laws  must  be  based 
upon  Christian  morals :  and  with 
that  view  it  was  proper  that  there 
should  be  a  test  to  judge  of  the 
inclinadon  of  every  one  entering 
the  House  to  accept  that  basis. 
Admit  the  Jews,  and  the  Deists — 
a  class,  he  feared,  not  less  numerous 
thantheJews — might  say  that  they 
desired  to  serve  their  country,  but 
that  the  declaration  "  on  the  true 
faith  of  a  Christian  "  operated  to 
their  exclusion. 

The  third  reading  was  also  op- 
posed by  Mr.  Campbell,  Mr.  F. 
Scott,  Mr.  Raphael,  Lord  Mahon, 
Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  and  Mr.  Newde- 


Eitghmd.} 


HISTORY. 


[89 


gate.  It  was  supported  by  Mr. 
Trelaimey,  Mr.  Weathead.  Mr. 
Comewall  Levis,  Mr.  firotherton, 
Mr.  Rubinson,  and  Mr.  Fortescue. 

Lord  JohD  Russell,  in  reply,  dis- 
tinguished the  gnrands  on  which 
he  adrocsted  the  Bill.  He  did 
DOt  support  it  on  the  groitnd  thst 
religion  has  nothing  to  do  with 
politics,  or  that  Members  of  Par- 
liameDt  ought  not  to  be  guided 
by  religious  views  and  motivea  iu 
legislation. 

"I  belieTe."aaid  the  noble  Lord, 
"  that  religion  ought  to  influence  us 
in  the  smallest  domestic  a£[airs, 
and  in  the  highest  legialstive  con- 
cerns. I  believe  that  Christianity, 
far  from  having  nothing  to  do  with 
legislation,  is  the  source  of  the 
most  enlightened  laws  which 
modem  times  have  produced.  I 
believe  that  it  is  owing  to  Chris- 
tiani^  that  the  slavery  which 
pre  rail  Bid  in  the  ancient  world 
was  abolished  in  an  early  part 
of  tha  modem  ages.  I  beheve 
that  it  was  Chrutianity  which 
inspired  Mr.  Wilberforce  and 
those  who  acted  with  him  to 
make  that  attempt  which  finally 
■Qcceeded  in  destroying  the  slave 
trade,  which  was  a  disgrace  to  any 
Christian  oountry.  My  belief  is — 
to  speak  of  no  particular  law,  but 
of  me  general  spirit  of  institu- 
tions— that,  whereas  ancient  re- 
poblics  and  states,  the  more  they 
became  civilized  became  the  more 
loose  in  their  morality,  the  more 
bewildered  by  vain  theories  of  phi- 
losophy, and  the  more  corrupt  in 
Uieir  mond  practice, — modem  na- 
tions, on  the  contrary,  having 
Christianity  to  guide  them,  will, 
in  pioportion  as  Uiey  become  more 
civilized,  so  far  from  falling  into 
those  corruptions,  and  being  less 
governed  by  the  moral  law,  as  in 
e^y.  and  i»mote   ages,  become 


more  sulgect  to  the  rules  of  mo- 
rality, and  will  more  acknowledge 
the  supremacy  of  the  Divine  law. 
But  you  cannot  by  special  declara- 
tions, by  mere  words  introduced 
into  an  oath — you  cannot  by  the 
mere  terms  of  a  statute  obtain 
that  religious  spirit  and  that  ac- 
knowledgment of  Christianity 
which  you  desire.  It  is  not  to  be 
gained  in  that  way.  I  proved  this 
formerly  by  the  instances  of  thoee 
who,  being  notoriously  unbelievers 
in  Christianity,  nevertheless  sat 
in  this  House  in  spite  of  these 
declarations :  but  I  will  put  it  to 
this  simple  test — If  these  declara- 
tions are  sufficient,  why  do  yon 
not  carry  your  legislation  much 
further?  Why  not  impose  a  de- 
claration to  be  made  by  every 
Member  that  he  is  not  governed 
by  prejudice  or  partial  affections, 
that  he  is  not  swayed  by  corrupt 
motives  or  personal  animosities, 
but  that  in  all  his  votes   he  is 

?Dvemed  by  love  of  the  country? 
f  men  were  ruled  by  the  mere 
words  of  a  declaration,  surely  such 
a  declaration  would  be  as  good  as 
any  declaration  with  regard  to  the 
religious  belief  of  the  party." 
Upon  a  division  there  appeared — 

For  the  Third  Reading  .  234 
Against  it 173 

Msjority  for  the  Bill  .  Ql 
The  Bill  was  then  passed.  In 
the  House  of  Lords,  however,  it 
experienced  a  much  leas  favourable 
reception.  The  second  reading 
was  moved  on  the  asth  May,  by 
the  Marquis  of  X^nsdowne,  who 
opened  the  debate  with  a  clear  and 
temperate  recapitulation  of  the 
arguments  in  favour  of  the  mea- 
sure, which  were  for  the  most  part 
the  same  as  bad  been  mgea  by 
Lord  John  Russell  in  the  House 


»0] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.      [iM««rf. 


«f  Gommona.  He  espeeullj  dwelt 
on  the  fact,  that  the  exclusion  i£ 
the  Jews  was  not  b^  virtae  <rf  Uie 
ancient  laws  of  the  kingdom,  but 
ma  an  innovftdiH]  of  recent  times ; 
that  the  very  declaration  which 
now  openU«e  to  their  exclusion, 
"on  the  true  faith  of  a  Chriatian," 
was  not  originally  directed  against 
Jews,  but  against  Popish  recusants 
in  the  reign  of  James  the  First ) 
that  from  the  earliest  introduction 
of  their  faith  Christians  had  repu- 
diated the  connection  of  theology 
and  politics,  and  that  the  general 
eligibility  of  the  Jews  for  luvil 
offices  renders  their  exclusion  from 
legiriative  power  anomalous  and 
inexpedient. 

The  Earl  of  Ellenboroogh  then 
rose  to  move  "  that  the  Bill  be  read 
a  second  time  on  that  day  six 
months."  He  took  his  stand  against 
the  Bill  on  the  ground  of  Ghriatian 
obligation;  ana  insisted  that  the 
Jew  was  not  only  a  citizen  of  a  dis' 
tinct  nation,  but  a  member  of  a 
class  having  ecarcdy  any  social 
rdation  with  the  community.  In 
an  agricultural  and  mantifactnr- 
ing  nation  the  Jew  was  neither 
an  agriculturist  nor  a  manuiacturer. 
He  did  not  labour,  he  only  bought 
and  Bold,  at  a  small  profit,  the 
labour  of  others.  There  were  few 
rich  men  among  his  persuasion,  but 
Bome  very  rich.  They  could  not 
intermarry  vrilh  the  people  of  tliia 
country;  and,  except  among  the 
h^er  classes,  they  mixed  but 
little  socially  with  the  members  of 
other  religious  persuasions.  They 
were  oitiEens  of  the  world  rather 
than  of  any  particular  country. 
Though  they  were  not  aliens  in 
the  sense  of  owing  allegiance  to 
another  country,  there  were  no 
people  who  could  transfer  them- 
selves to  another  oountiy  with  the 
flame  faeali^  as  the  Jews.  Wher*- 


ever  the  Jew  went  be  fband  hia 
own  people  ;  the  same  religion  and 
the  same  language  were  ccanmon 
to  them  all ;  and  when  he  removed 
to  another  country  be  found  per- 
eons  of  his  own  nation  engaged  in 
transactions  similar  to  his  own. 
Lord  Ellenborough  quoted  from 
th«  "  Memoirs  of  Sir  Fowell  Bux- 
ton" the  anecdote  related  by  Mr. 
Rothschild,  the  founder  of  the 
house  in  London,  who  said  that 
he  first  came  to  England  from 
Frankfort  because  an  English 
manuiacturer  had  refused  to  show 
his  patterns,  and  who  boasted  of 
having  acted  on  the  most  selfish 
principles  ;  such  was  the  origin  of 
the  great  house  of  Bothscliild,  and 
of  the  present  Bill. 

Lord  Ellenborough  warned  the 
House  agaiust  the  public  danger 
of  acceding  to  the  measure,  a^er 
the  warnings  of  Providence,  in  the 
shape  of  famine  and  distress — na- 
tions convulsed  on  eveiy  side — the 
most  ancient  and  powerful  dynas- 
ties of  Europe  crashed  in  one  day — 
the  great  empire  of  Austria  broken 
in  pieces  like  a  potter's  vessel— 
the  disruption  of  some  of  the  most 
ancient  and  important  alliances  of 
states — the  present  age  forgetting 
the  hist<vy  of  the  past.  How  could 
this  countjy  hqie  to  escape  the  con- 
tamination of  these  prinoiplee,  ex- 
cept by  obtaining  aid  from  above ; 
and  he  trusted  that  they  would  not 
deprive  themselves  of  heavenly 
aid  by  giving  up  the  distinction 
which  had  hitherto  belonged  to  this 
country  of  (he  exclusively  Christian 
character  of  its  Legislature. 

The  Duke  of  Cambridge,  pro- 
fessing great  personal  respect  for 
the  Jews,  could  not  consent  to  ad- 
mit them  into  Parliament,  so  long 
aa  the  govemmeDt  of  the  conntiy 
was  to  remain  a  Christian  one. 

The  Duke  of  Ai^le,  addressing 


EnfUmd.]                    HISTORY.  [91 

du  Hdom  for  the  first  time  in  &-  Canuo.    Thst  people  had  9>a«m 

Toar  of  the  me^Bare.  diadaguisbfid  for  1800  yeaxs.  Teceiriog  a  wetk- 

Mmsalf  br  a  speech  of  calm  and  ened  Uadirion  from  their  half  un- 

eameat  ai;ganMniation.  believiDg  fatherB;  and  how  «iuld 

The  End  of  WiDckikea,  in  aop-  it  be  expected  that  a  race  immerBed 

port  of  the  antcndment,  treated  in  Ute  puiBuit  ef  gain,  vith  no- 

tbesnlgectwithnmchmorevanDlh  thing  to  oeoBtenct  that  paasion 

of  kagoi^.    He  declared  the  Bill  but  a  bdief  in  the  troth  of  their 

l»  be  a  greater  insult  to  the  boooar  rel^on,  vonld  be  benefited  hj  an 

and  glory  of  God  than  any  which  admission  into  the  BritiBh  Parlia? 

hadbeenbfon^tbefMretlieHanse;  ment?    Abhorring  as  he  did  the 

he  proteeted  againBt  adnribtiiw  one  croelty  with  vhkh  the  forefathers 

lieh  Jew  to  Padiament  in  order  to  (so  called  incorrectly)  of  the  Jews 

reward  him  for  fovoiuB  rendered  were  treated,   he   oonteBded  that 

to  the  Uinister   of  the  day ;  and  that  omehy  was  baaed  upon  truth, 

he  hoped  that  none  of  the  Bishops  and  was  kinder  tbau  the  &lse  hu- 

woald  rote  in  Ettour  of  the  Bill,  inanity  whish  would  teach  this  peo- 

for  if  it  passed,  mthin  a  year  not  pie  that  the  revelation  made   to 

OM  of  them  woald  hare  a  seat  in  them  was  eithra  a  folse  or  an  imina- 

that  Hosae.  tehal  one. 

The  Bi^op  of  Bt  Darid's  aor-  He   most  remark,   that   every 

njed  the  enkgect  in  an  faistofioal  Jew  who  was  now  in  Cngland  had 

and  phUosophical  ptnnt  of  view,  re-  come  to  £ngland  (or  his  immediate 

viewing  fbe  relations  of  Christiana  ancestors  had  done  so)  within  tbe 

rad  Jews  doctrinally  ssid  socially  ;  last  two  hundred  years ;  and  tbey 

he  traced  the  efieots  of  mntual  per-  had  eome  on  tbe  condition  that 

Bscntioiia  in  still  surnring  nsperi-  they  sbould  bave  shelter  and  kind* 

tiee ;  showed  how  mach  they  have  ness,  bat  not  political  privileges, 

in  oominou;  and  maintaitted  the  No  doubt  there  migbt  have  been 

real  sin  of  this  country  in  respect  in  certain  oases  certain  adTantagea 

of  the  Jievra  was  in  the  old  perse-  derivshle  fran  tbe  election  of  Jew- 

cMions,    not    in    the    recent    in-  ish   lepresentativee.       Far  be   it 

dnlgencea.  from  blm,  however,  to  say  tbat  he 

^nie  Biehop  of  Oxford  entered  knew  any  such  instance.  He  pio- 
into  the  more  fonuliar  and  popnlar  fessed  to  bave  no  knowledge  of 
topics  of  the  controversy.  He  main-  those  "  secrets  of  the  prison-house." 
tained  that  the  sitting  in  Parlia-  He  repeated,  that  though  be  knew 
mrat  me  no  r^At,  bttt  a  truMt  oon-  sothiug  aboat  the  secrets  of  the  late 
ferred  at  the  will  of  the  consti-  election  for  the  city  of  London,  yet 
toents,  who  had  a  perfect  title  to  tbat  be  was  not  wiUiout  aome  know- 
exolnde  Jews  from  that  tnet  He  ledge  of  the  public  history  of  that 
qaoteddocametita.B8peaially"AMa-  transaction.  ("  Hear.hear.")  Itwas 
ooal  of  Judaism  "  by  Mr.  Josbnavan  pretty  well  known  that  the  Prime 
Oven,  to  show  that  the  Jews  were  Minister's  election  for  tbat  City  waa 
really  a  distinct  and  alien  race,  and  not  a  feat  of  very  easy  accomplish- 
that  the  earnest  men  among  them  ment,  and  that  there  were  no  small 
deprecated  any  social  or  political  diffloultjes  to  be  overcome,  where 
connection  with  other  nations,  as  there  was  a  good  deal  of  character 
the  auctions  of  die  Hebrew  on  the  one  side  and  much  capital 
tmeJarasoIem'aiid  on  the  other.    Deolanttaona  in  fo- 


weaningtfaea^i 
peeideuomthe 


92]               ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [E«jtai 

VOQI*  of  remoriog  Jewish  diskbili-  the  putting  forwarfl  of  Banm  Roth- 
ties  might  under  such  circum-  schild,  becauBo  of  the  contest  it 
Btances  have  been  found  exceed-  would  provoke ;  so  that  Itis  onl^ 
ingly  convenient.  "  obligation  "  to  B&ron  Rothschild 

He  called  upon  the  House   to  was  the  injuiy  which  he  suatuned 

beware  of  doing  what  this  measure  bj  the  contest  which  ensued. 

would  do — unchristian ize  the  coun-  As  to  the  danger  of  admitting 

try  •  a.  meaanre  which  would  yield  the  Jews,  Lord  Brougham  pointed 

nothing  in  retnm — not  the  smallest  to  the  analogous  case  of  theRonian 

accession  of  strength,  or  of  consis-  Catholics  since  Emancipation— the 

tency,  or  of  character — a  measure  Protestant  Kstablishmenthad  been 

which     woidd     ii^ure     all     and  as   efQcieutly  vindicated  as  ever, 

strengthen  none.  As  tothefearof  "unchristianiziag" 

The  Earl  of  EUesmere  contended  the  Commons,  they  were  unchns- 

that  the  British  Jewnever  sheltered  tianized  already.  (Lou^Atn-.)  Would 

himself  from  civil    responsibility  the  Commons  come  to  the  bar  of 

and  patriotic  duties  under  the  plea  that  House  by  message,  or  in  any 

of  being  an  alieu,  and  that  it  was  other  way,   and  by  their  words, 

neither  equitable  nor  safe  to  ex-  acts,  or   desires,   pretend  to   call 

cludefrom  themakiugoflawstbose  themselves  a  Christian  assembly  ? 

who  had  so  lai^s  eui  interest  in  He  did  not  know  what  would  be- 

the  well-being  of  the  community.  come  of  them  ;  hut  assuredly  it  was 

Lord  Stanley  contended  against  not  to  be  denied  that  we  had  a 

the  admisGiion  as  a  right.     If  there  motley    sort    of    legislation,    half 

vras  DO  law  excluding  the  Jews  infidel,  half  Christian.  OfHerMa- 

from  Parliament  before  the  time  of  jesty  he  would  only  say,  may  God 

James  I.,  it  was  because  no  Jew  long  preserve  her  in  her  Christian 

bad  a  right  to  set  his  foot  in  this  character  to  reign  over  a  tolerant 

countiy :  while  the  statute  wliich  and  enlightened  people.  As  for  the 

DOW  operates  to  his  exclusion  was  Ministry,  they  were  undoubtedly 

suspended    during    the    reign   of  nearly  as  unchristian  as  the  Com- 

William  and  Mary,  he  could  not  mons.  {Laugkur.)  So  that  he  was 

obtain    letters    of  naturalization ;  afraid  they  must  stand  before  the 

and  if  born  here,  he  could  acquire  world  as  half  Christian,  half  Pagan 

no  freehold  qualification.  — a  Pagan  House  of  Commons,  and 

The  Earl  of  Dysart  deemed  it  in-  a  perfectly    Christian    House    of 

expedient  to  admit  Jevrs,  because  a  Lords.    (LaughUr.)    He  saw  little 

Jew  must  wish  to  see  our  Christian  use,  therefore,  of  so  much  argn- 

institutions  destroyed,  ment  about  unchristianizing   Ute 

Ix>rd  Brougham  argued  in  sup-  Legislature, 

port  of  the  Bill,  replying  especially  The  Bishop  of  Oxford  explained, 

to  the   speech  of  the   Bishop  of  He  regretted  that  any  words  should 

Oxford.      He  denied  the  alleged  have  udlen  from  him  in  the  warmth 

partnership  at  the  London  election,  of  debate  which  might  appear  sus> 

between  Lord  John  Russell  and  ceplible  of  the  meaning  which  bis 

Baron    Rothschild :  it    was    slan-  nohle  and  learned  friend  had  af- 

<lerouslr  said,  and  if  a  Bishop  had  fixed  to  them.    He  had  not  the 

not  said  it  he  should  have  said  that  smallest  idea  that  the  noble  Lord 

it  was  false.  {Laughter.)  Lord  John  at  the  bead  of  the   Govemmeat 

bad  always  refused  to  be  a  party  to  had  been  privy  to  any  bribery  wbat^ 


B*giand.\ 


HISTOB  Y. 


C9S 


erer— Lord  Jolin  bad  sapported 
the  admisaoD  of  Jem  into  Par- 
liament  long  before;  and  the 
Bishop  heamlj  regretted  having, 
in  the  midat  of  a  grsve  argumeat, 
used  words  that  might  be  construed 
to  bear  soch  a  meaning.  He  had 
no  mt«Dtioa  wfaat«Ter  to  slander 
the  noble  Lord,  and  be  begged  to 
recall  bia  words.  {Chun.) 

The  Marqais  of  Lansdowne  re- 
plied. He  took  the  opportunity 
of  Tindicating  Lord  John  RosBell 
from  the  imputation  of  having 
benefited  daring  the  recent  election 
tor  London  b;  the  assistance  of 
Banin  Rothschild.  Lord  John 
RaaBell  bad  k^t  lus  interest  and 
ba  a£hirs  on    that  occasion  per- 


fectly distinct  from  those  of  any 
other  candidate. 

The  House  then  divided,  when 
the  reaolt  was  as  follows : — 

96 


Non-Conl«nta — Present    126 
Proxiea      38 


iSajontj 


The  Jewish  Disabilitiea  Bill  w 
consequently  lost. 


C.=.l,:sa:,G00gIC 


»4J  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       iS«^iand.. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

AffaxTt  of  Ireland — Ditaffeeted  and  critical  ttaU  of  that  Country 
during  the  Spring  of  1848 — Progreu  of  Inmrreetion — Uovemtnti  of 
Mr.  Smith  O'Brien  and  hit  eonfederatea — Ignonwwmt  Failura  of  the 
frejected  Outbreak — Policy  of  the  Qover»tnent  artd  Uate  of  Public 
Opinion  in  tht*  Country  on  ths  SvJgect — Adoption  of  Cotreixe  Mea- 
turtt — Announcement  of  a  Biil  for  the  Stapension  of  ths  Habea* 
Cotjnu  Act — Debate  in  the  Hotiie  of  Lordt  upon  a  Motion  m«<{«  by 
the  Earl  of  GUngall — Deeieive  Declaration  of  the  Marquii  of  Lata- 
doane  on  behalf  of  the  Oovemment-^Itemarkt  of  Lord  Brougham, 
Lord  Stanley,  and  other  Peen — Unanimout  feeling  of  the  Hpuse — 
Lord  John  Rtueell,  on  the  Zilh  July,  move*  for  Leave  to  bring  in  a  BiU 
vetting  extraordinary  Poieen  in  the  Lord  Lieutenant— Hi*  Speech  on 
the  itate  of  Ireland  and  the  features  of  the  Critie — He  ii  warmly 
mpported  by  Sir  Bobert  Peel.  Mr.  Disraeli,  Mr.  Hume,  Mr.  B. 
Osborne,  Sir  D.  Norreys,  Sir  Lucius  O'Brien,  and  many  other  Eng- 
lish and  Irish  Members,  speak  in  favour  of  the  Bill — Mr.  Feargvs 
O'Connor  delivers  a  vehement  Repeal  Speech  against  it — Mr.  S.  Cra%e~ 
ford  moves  an  Amendment,  which  is  lost  on  a  Division,  only  Eight 
Members  voting  for  it — Tlie  BUI  is  passed  through  aU  its  Stages  on 
the  same  Day,  and  is  sent  up  to  the  House  of  Lords — The  Marguis  of 
Lansdowne,  on  the  2StA,  introduces  the  BUI,  with  a  Speech  similar  in 
effect  to  UuU  of  Lord  J.  Russdi — Lord  Brougham,  the  Earl  of  Wick- 
lovi,  the  Earl  of  Qlengall,  and  other  Peers  support  the  BUI,  which  i* 
then  carried  through  aU  its  Stages  without  any  OpposUion — Ddtate  m 
the  House  of  Commons  on  the  Condition  of  Ireland,  originating  in 
a  Resolution  proposed  by  Mr.  Sharman  Crawford  for  the  Redress  of 
Grievances — His  Speech — Answer  of  Lord  John  Russell — Speeches  of 
Mr.  H.  Herbert,  Mr.  Fagan,  Mr.  MonseU,  and  Mr.  Osboms — The 
Debate  t*  adjourned — Deelarationi  of  Sir  George  Grey,  Sir  WiJliam 
SomsrvUle,  and  Lord  John  Russell  respecting  the  Irish  Church — After 
further  Debate,  the  Resolution  motied  by  Mr.  S.  Crawford  is  negatived 
by  100  to  34 — BUlforfacilUating  the  Transfer  of  Encumbered  Estate* 
— Speech  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  explaining  the  Bill — Speeches  of  the 
Earl  of  Roden,  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  Lord  Stanley,  Lord  CampbaU,  and 
Lord  Monleagle — The  BiU  is  read  a  Second  Time— It  i*  much  debated 
in  the  House  of  Commons — Sir  Jjueiu*  O'Brien,  Mr.  Napier,  Mr. 
Henley,  and  other  Members,  oppose  the  BUI — The  Solicitor-Oeneral, 
Mr.  B.  Osborne,  Sir  J.  Graham,  Mr.  MonseU,  Mr.  Sadlsir,  and  Mr. 
P.  Wood,  sufport  it — ^n  Amendment  moved  by  Mr.  Napier  is  defeated 


Englmi,]                           HISTORY.  [96 

far  197  to  52 — The  Anundmenti  made  m  tks  Hoiue  of  Commont  art 
o^oud  tM  the  Houte  of  Jjordt  by  Lord  Stanlty  and  Lord  MonUegU, 
but  adopted  on  a  Divuion  by  QT  to  10,  and  the  Bill  itpaned. 

DURING  the  early  part  of  this  flaming  tiie  minds  of  the  diatatmsed 

Session   the    (UBcassian   of  peasBntrytoanlairfaldeaignB.  The 

bisb  qoeBlioDs  oocnpied  a  less  pro-  narratdTO  of  the  events  that  marked 

pwtion  than  usual  of  the  time  and  the  Irish  innirrectioa  of  1848  be- 

attention  of  Parliament.    A  Bill  to  longs  to  snother  part  of  this  work, 

facilitate  the  sale  of  encumbered  e»-  Happily  it  prorea  too  ii)si|^ificant 

tates  in  Ireland,  to  which  we  shall  to  be  worthy  of  any  serious  regard, 

Wreafter  refer  more  particularly,  and  to  a  certain  extent  it  snswered 

msintrodooedbytheLordChancel-  a  good  purpose,  by  exposing  to  the 

lor  early  in  the  year,  thoogh  it  did  eyes  of  the  Bngtt^  people  the  real 

notfinally  pass  into  law  until  many  weakness  of  that  much  Tsmited 

inontlia  afterwards ;  with  this  ex-  agitation,  which  was  crushed,  al' 

eeption,  dnring  the  spring  of  the  most  without  an  eSbrt,  tbe  moment 

present  year,  Irish  measares  en-  it  broke  out  into  orert  seta.     The 

SBged  little  of  the  public  notice,  ignominiona  defeat  of  Ur.  O'Brien's 

But  aa  the  summ^  advanced  of-  ludicrma    attack    on     the    civil 

fints  in  that  unhappy  couDtry  be-  power,  and  the  unresisted  capture 

ffa  to  asnme  a  very  threatening  sf  his  person,  annihilated  at  once 

aapect.     Menaces  ai  a  general  in-  both  the  dignity  and  the  danger  of 

■nrreotion  had,  indeed,  for  several  a  conspiracy  which  had  been  mag- 

montha  been  openly  thrown  oat,  nified  by  die  vanity  of  a  few  con- 

hu  the  people  at  this  country  had  ceited  demagogues  into  a  civil  war. 

beenaoaocostomedlothevBpouring  Nevertheless,  frivolous  as  the  out- 

tfareata  and  treasonable  harangues  break  was,  and  chimerical  as  the 

«f  Irish  agitatois,  that  they  turned  alarms  which  had  been  entertuned 

far  aome  time  an  incredulous  ear  to  wereproved  to  be,  it  was  imposaiUe 

the  Tumours  of  an  outbreak.     The  to  doubt,  from  the  evidence  as  to 

B  of  rebellion  were,  how-  the  state  of  public  feeling  which  it 

,  for  once  in  earnest     They  brought  to  light,  that  a  widespread 

Baa  Buned,  in  the  person  of  Mr.  and   deep-rooted  disaffection   per* 

Bmiui  O'Brien,  a  leader  of  rank  vaded  a  Isrge  part  tit  the  popala- 

and  tDflnetice,   who,  however  Ei-  tion.  However  little  apprebeosiMt 

natical  and  wild  in  his  views,  was  tbsrefbre  might  be  felt  that  the  dis- 

at  least  sincere  in  the  cause  which  tempers  of  the  country  would  break 

ha  had  espoused,  and  willing  to  out  mto  war,  there  was  the  greatest 

stake  his  own  life  and  fortune  in  reason  to  dread  that  they  might  exr 

the  despMate  game  in  whioh  his  plode  in  the  shspe  of  outrage  and 

party  were  engaged.    He  was  sup-  isrime,  and  that  ^though  the  right 

ported  by  a  number  of  active  co-  of  the  Grown  might  be  in  no  jeo- 

•djntOTS,  less  eminent  indeed  than  P^J,  the  life  and  property  of  in* 

himself  in  social  rank  and  position,  dividuals  would  be  seriously  en- 

bnt  poeaessed  of  no  mean  powers  dangered.     Under    theSe   circUB- 

of  talent    and    education,  which  stances  the  necessi^  for  making 

made  tkcm  formidable  instramentB  the  bands  of  the  law  more  strin> 

in  ttimohtiBg  diaaffectioD  and  in-  gent,  and  arming  the  heads  of  the 


96]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.      [•»»»!««'- 

Qumd's  Govermnent  mth  more  give  notice  tlut  I  propose,  at  the 
extensive  powers,  iras  admitted  hy  Bitting  of  the  House  to-morrow,  to 
almost  every  cIsbb  of  politiciana  in  ask  leaTe  to  bring  io  a  Bill  to  em- 
England.  The  absurd  and  frantic  powerthe  Lord  Lieutenant  or  other 
efforts  of  the  Irish  demagogues  Chief  Governor  or  GoTemore  of  Ire- 
had  disgusted  eren  the  most  tele-  land,  to  apprehend  and  detain,  until 
rant  friends  of  their  nation  in  this  the  1st  day  of  March,  1849,  such 
country,  and  produced  an  una-  persons  as  he  shall  suspect  of  con- 
nimity  in  the  councils  of  the  Bri-  spiring  agiunst  Her  Miyesty's  pei^ 
tish  Parliament  which  no  other  son  or  Government."  [LotidchMT- 
event  could  in  bo  short  a  time  have  tn^.) 

brought  about.  The  repugnance  It  happened  that  the  Earl  of 
to  entrust  summary  and  arbitrary  Glengalt  had  given  notice,  for  the 
powers  to  Ministerial  discretion,  same  evening,  of  a  motion  in  the 
which  is  generally  found  to  exist  in  House  of  Lords  for  papers,  with 
themindaof  liberal  politicians,  had  the  view  of  bringing  the  proceed- 
given  way  to  more  urgent  consider-  ingsin  Ireland, and  thenecessi^for 
ations.  On  the  other  hand,  the  voice  further  legislation,  under  the  con- 
of  Conservative  opinion  in  both  sidenttion  of  Parliament.  Before 
countries  demanded  in  the  strongest  this  motion  was  called  on,  the  Mar- 
manner  a  reinforcement  of  the  law,  quis  of  Lonsdowne  communicated  to 
and  the  enactment  of  additional  se-  Uie  House  the  notice  which  his  col- 
curides  for  the  life  and  property  of  league  had  given  in  the  House  of 
the  Queen's  loyal  sul^ecta  on  the  Commons :  he,  however,  invited 
othersidetheChannel.  Tothisde-  Lord  Glengall,  nevertheless,  to 
maud  the  Government  promptly  proceed  with  his  motion,  as  oflbrd- 
yielded.  It  was  a  happy  circum-  ing  an  opportunity  to  the  Govem- 
fltance  that  at  this  time  Uie  highest  ment  for  a  further  statement.  In 
focecutive  authority  was  vested  in  accordance  vrith  this  suggestion, 
aLord  Lieutenant  inwhoaeenei^,  Lord  Glengall  moved  for  copies 
judgment,  and  sagacity  all  parties  of  such  reports  as  had  been  re- 
entertained  conGdence.  In  the  ceived  by  Her  Miyeaty's  Oovem- 
Earl  of  Clarendon  the  public  knew  ment  from  the  stipendiary  magia- 
that  the  Crown  would  find  a  firm  trates,  constabulary  officers,  and 
butt«mperateaseerterof  its  rights,  police,  respecting  the  formation  of 
and  rebellion  an  uncompromising  clulis  in  Ireland, 
opponent  It  was  well  understood.  Lord  Glengall  glanced  at  the 
also,  that  between  that  nobleman  recent  history  of  Ireland,  —  the 
and  the  Members  of  the  Go-  schism  in  the  Repeal  party;  the 
Temment  in  England  the  most  grovrth  of  the  clut» ;  the  atrocions 
cordial  understanding  existed,  and  counsel  given  to  the  people  not 
that  eveiy  measure  of  their  Irish  only  to  prepare  pikes  and  blunder- 
policy  would  be  dictated  by  his  in-  busses,  but  to  destroy  the  soldiery 
formation  and  advice.  with  vitriol  and  burning  turpen- 
It  was  under  these  circum-  tine;  the  military  array;  the 
Btances,  that,  on  the  31st  July,  treasonable  communioatione  with 
Lord  John  Russell  made  the  fol-  France  and  America;  and  the  evi-- 
lowing  announcemeDt  in  the  Houae  dent  intention  to  effect,  not  only  a 
of  Commons:— "I   rise,    sir,  to  political  but  a  social  revolution,  by 


B'»9»«^*]                      HISTORY.  [97 

txtarmiimting  "  tbe  Ei^tisb  guri-  of  w.  '  I  aee  that  in  esnying  oat 

■cm" — diat  IB,  the  8000  ProteaUnt  the  militaiy  amj  they  bare  been 

Imdloids  of  Inland.     Hd  com-  directed  by  a  penon  who  not  Itma 

{luned.  that  neitfaer   the  Ortme  i^  weot  to  F^s,  for  tbe  avowed 

and  Ontmge  Aut,  nor  the   Sedi>  poi^oee  of  coimeoting  hiauelf  with 

tiooa  SpeebiBg  Act,  liad  prored  the  clubs  in  that  metropolis,  and 

anffiuentlj     powerfbl :      nothing  who,  after  meeting  with  aomethii^ 

diort  sC  BOBpeadiDg  the  Habeas  like  r^ection  from  the  then  Go- 

Corpoa  Act  would  do ;  for  anarchy  veniment  of  Francs,  went  forth 

waa  io  tbe  ascendant,  and  insturec-  knooking  from  door  to  door,  Beet 

tiwi  most  follow.  ing    where    he    could    find    tbe 

The  Harqnia  of  Lansdowne  ad-  greatest  bostiU^  to  the  Govem- 
mitlad  that  the  fitcts  stated  by  ment  of  bia  own  country.  When 
ixird  Glangall  were  notoriooB,  but  that  pereon,  retnrmng  from  this 
be  tboof^  the  motitm  onneces-  expedition,  was  placed  at  the  head 
■uy ;  extracts  from  the  pc^is  in  of  these  institutions  in  Ireland,  I 
f  oeation — for.  no  more  then  ex-  knew  what  the  isaae  of  theae  pro- 
tracts could  be  given  with  pro-  ceedings  must  be." 
[wiety — would  only  weaken  the  Lord  Clarendon,  however,  had 
eaae,  as  it  stood  npon  &ct8  which  employed  the  powers  already  at 
were  notorious.  Lord  Lansdowne  bis  command  more  effectively  than 
then  proceeded  farther  to  explain  Lord  Glengall  seemed  to  allow, 
tbe  views  of  Government :~-"  It  By  tbe  help  of  the  Crime  and 
is  unnecessary  t«  gauge  the  actual  Outrage  Bill  the  peace  of  the 
extent  of  the  clubs ;  but  they  must  dtj  of  Limerick  has  been  com- 
be stopped  at  once  by  the  strong  paratively  restored.  An  existinR 
aim  of  the  law.  These  clubs  Act  against  illegal  training  had 
have  reached  to  a  pitch  in  Ireland  been  useful :  it  would  expire  at  the 
which  I  affirm  to  be,  on  the  an-  end  of  that  Session,  but  would  be 
thority  of  tbe  Lord  Lieutenant,  renewed.  Other  powers,  inclad- 
and  not  on  bis  autbori^  alone,  ing  those  conferred  by  the  com- 
bat on  the  concurrent  aauority  of  mon  law,  bad  been  carried  into 
all  observers,  eabversive  of  the  efiect;  and  the  law  had  beenai^ 
public  peace,  and  nothing  but  a  ported  by  the  juries, 
prelude  to  civil  war.  There  is  "I  nererthelese  agree,"  added 
not  a  doubt  about  it,  because  Lm^  Lansdowne,  "  that  the  dnbs 
their  proceedmgs  are  open  to  the  are  capable  of  being  used,  as  I 
worid.  What  is  secret  among  finnty  believe  they  are  intended 
them  I  do  not  pretend  to  dis-  chiefly  to  be  osed,  fw  the  pur- 
cover;  bat  what  is  open  and  pal-  pose  of  intimidstion.  ("Hear!") 
pable  ia  emngfa  for  me.  When  I  They  have  acquired  that  charac- 
loc^  at  tbe  mimbers,  tbe  language,  ter,  and  are  enabled  to  exercise  it 
and  the  objects  proposed  by  those  with  efiect  upon  every  class  of  the 
ehibs,  and  the  amount  of  military  communis,  rich  and  poor,  lioman 
array  by  which  it  ia  sought  to  at-  Catholic  and  Protestant ;  openly 
tain  those  otigectB.  I  say  you  have  avowing,  as  they  have  done  within 
all  Ute  elements  of  proof  before  the  last  week,  that  those  who  did 
yoo,  and  that  there  is  nothing  not  yield  to  their  arbitrary  au- 
wandng  in  the  framework  of  re-  thorily,  and  ^pear  armed  at  their 
ballion  bat  the  actual  declaration  call,  are  to  be  considered  as  ene- 

VoL.  XO.  [H] 


98]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  lEnffUmd. 

niies ;  end  in  the  name  of  liberty  noble  friend,  but  upon  the  aiitha< 
the;  are  endeavouring  to  eBUblieb  rity  of  others  also,  though  more 
a  most  cruel  autbority,  subversiTe  especially  upon  my  noble  friend's, 
of  all  liberty,  destructiTe  of  all  that  in  this  formidable  morement, 
conscience,  and  leading,  as  these  althoogh  there  is  reason,  doubtless, 
associations  have  always  led,  to  to  apprehend  that  many  individuals 
murder  and  bloodshed,  and  finally  of  the  Roman  Catholic  clergy  have 
to  anarchy  and  perfect  despotism,  been  engaged,  jet  nevertheless  the 
Is  this,  or  is  it  not,  a  state  of  things  conduct  of  the  great  portion  of 
which  ought  to  be  met  by  all  the  that  body  has  been  most  men- 
vigour  of  the  Government,  sup-  torious.  And  I  again  state,  upon 
ported,  aa  I  trust  it  will  be,  by  Eul  the  authority  of  my  noble  friend, 
the  authoiity  of  Parliament?*  who  has  from  day  to  day  examined 

"  We  are  arrived  at  that  state  the  progress  of  this  disorder,  that 
of  things  in  which  loss  of  time  is  although,  whilst  such  disorder  is 
loss  of  power.  (CliMn.)  Use  preying  upon  society,  they  have 
that  power  while  you  have  it —  been  without  the  means  of  eierting 
[Bmewd  eheen) — and  the  effect  the  same  vital  energy  in  opposition 
of  your  using  it  will  be,  not  to  to  its  progress,  yet  some  of  the 
destroy  or  impair  liberty,  but  to  Roman  Catholic  clergy  have  been 
save  and  preserve  life.  It  was  most  active  in  preventing  the  pro- 
upon  these  considerations  that  the  pagatiou  of  these  clubs  ;  and  in- 
I^rd  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  in  the  stances  could  be  quoted,  amidst 
responsible  situation  which  he  fills,  this  progress  of  sedition  and  plant- 
has  told  Her  Mtyesty's  Govern-  iug  of  disorder,  of  the  greatest 
ment  here  that  the  time  has  ar-  benefit  having  attended  their  ex- 
rived  when  it  has  become  neces-  hortations  to  peace,  and  their  en- 
sory  to  arm  him  with  power  to  de-  deavours  to  defend  their  unfortu- 
tain  all  persons  justly  suspected  of  nate  flocks  from  the  contagion  they 
treasonable  intentions.  I  will  not  had  received.  It  is  but  justice  to 
say  that  no  other  efforts  will  he  them  to  make  this  statement  In 
made ;  but  I  heUeve  that  this  is  that  great  conflict  which  I  fear  ia 
the  measure  which  is  called  for,  coming,  though  I  trust  it  will  be 
because  it  goes  at  once  to  strike  short,  I  believe  that  the  Govern- 
at  the  leaders  having  those  oh-  ment  of  Ireland  will  have  the  aid 
jectfl:  for,  considering  the  state  of  one  portion  at  least  of  that 
of  the  Irish  people — their  poverty,  highly  respectable  and  religioua 
tbeir  sufferings,  their  national  ten-  body.  As  to  the  measure  to  which 
dency  to  excess,  and  their  igno-  Uie  noble  Earl  alluded,  notice  of 
ranee — 1  feet  that  much  may  be  its  introduction  has  already  been 
said  in  extenuation  of  their  con-  given  to  the  other  House  of  Par- 
duct.  Against  the  leaders,  who  liament ;  and  when  it  comes  here 
mislead  Uie  people  by  wilful  false-  I  trust  that  your  Lordships  will 
hood,  the  punishment  cannot  be  give  to  it  the  most  attentive  con- 
too  severe.  And  I  know  that  sideration." 
Lord  Clarendon  wonld  exercise  Lord  Brougham  cordially  ap- 
the  powers  intrusted  to  him  with  proved  of  the  course  now  taken  by 
safety  and  forbearance."  the  Government ;  adducing  in  sup- 

"  Before  I  sit  down  I  will  state,  port  of  it  the  authori^  of  the  lats 

not  only  upon  the  authority  of  my  Mr.    O'Connell.       A    declaratiott 


Ei»sl««i.]  HISTORY. 

made  hy  him,  then  leader  of  tiie  O'Connell'a  permisaioD,  I  stated  on 

Ituh  people,  had  been  fumiehed  t<)  the  following  day  tiie  subst&nce  of 

him  (Loid  Broughun)  by  a  high]/  that   conversation    to  Mr.   , 

Kepectable  individual,  whose  com-  U.P. ;  and  I  got  leave  also  to 

mnnicaldon  he  read  to  the  House,  sbov  it  to  Sir  Robert  Peel  and 

"The  writer  said — 'Three  weeks  Lord  John  Bussell.' " 
before  Sir  Robert  Peel's  Coercion        Lord  Stanlej  rejoiced  too  much 

Bill  was  introduced.  In  1846,  the  at  the  present  resolution  of  the 

late    Mr.  O'Conndl   deliberately  Uinistrj  to   criticise  their    past 

stated  to  me  and  Dr.  ,  and  conduct:  he  only  hoped  that  the 

Mr.  ,  now  M.F.  for  an  im-  measure  adopted  would  be  atroDg 

poTtant  place,  and  lately  and  at  eaough,    and    not    hampered    by 

thai  time  in  a  situation  under  Go-  needless  details,  and  he  undertook 

vemment,' — 'that  in  his  opinioo  that,  without  regard  to  party  con- 

the  true  remedy,  which  would  be  a  sideration,  the  OoTerament  should 

safe  and  cooatitutional  core  in  the  receive  the  UDammous  support  of 

then  state  of  certain   districts  in  that  House. 

Ireland,   as  Limerick,  Tipperary,        Lord  Lansdowne  stated  that  the 

and  so  forth,  was  the  power  com-  Ministers  would  make  eveiything 

monlj  called,'  though  not    very  give   way  to  the  progress  of  the 

accurately.  '  (he  suspension  of  the  measure,  which  should  be  pressed 

Habeas  Corpus  Act,— as  it  would  forward  as  speedily  as  the  forms 

core  and  not  irritate' — the  very  of    legislation   would    allow.      In 

words,  observed  Lord  Brougham,  the  event  of  an;  unfortunate  delay 

that  I  used,  in  ignorance  of  having  taking  place  with  respect  to  the 

this  authority;  '  and  he  said,  that  passing  of  the  Bill — if,  in  the  pre- 

if  Sir  Robert  Peel  made  out  a  sent  feverish  state  of  the  people  at 

case  to  entitle  his  Government  to  Ireland,  they  should  be  tempted  to 

possess  such  a  power,  he  would  break  out  into  actual  rebellion — 

support  his  application  to  Parlia-  there  existed  an  Act  of  the  Irish 

ment  for    it,    provided ' — now,    I  Parliament  passed  long  before  the 

thoi^ht  that  what  followed  would  Union,    under    which    the    Lord 

take  away  the  whole  value  of  the  Lieateuantcotild  immediately  seize 

opinion  as  to  the  Habeas  Corpus  and  detain  every  person  whom  he 

suspension — '  provided  Sir  Robert  might  suspect  of  being  an  accessoiy 

Fed  would  give'— I  expected  to  to  that  rebellioua  proceeding.    He 

find  what  he  termed  'justice  to  would  go  further,  and  state  that 

Ireland,'  and  there  was  no  saying  the  Lord  Lieutenant  was  prepared 

what  that  might  be,  and  the  pledge  to  take  that  course  the  moment  an 

in  favour  of  coercion  might  soon  outbreak  arose.     (Loud  ehttn.') 
be   forgotten:    but  it  was,   'pro-         LordBroughameaidhewasaware 

vided  Sir  Robert  Feel  would  at  of  the  Irish  Act  referred  to.    In 

the  same  time  introduce  to  the  order  to  bring  it  into  operation,  it 

House  those  measures  of  relief  and  was  not  neoessaiy  that  there  should 

justice  ' —  not    in  general   terms,  be  a  general  outbreak  ;  any  insur- 

acGording  to  Mr.  O'Connell's  own  rectionary  movement  was  sufEident 

notion   of  justice,  but  '  which  be  for  the  purpose.     He  bod  no  doubt 

(Sir   R.  Peel)  had  so  often  pro-  that  the  Lord  Lieutenant  would 

mised    to    bring   forward.'     The  do  his  duty  vigorously  and  fear* 

writer   then  added,    'With    Mr.  lessly. 
[H21 


100]          ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [SnglMd. 

L»rd  OlengnU  then  withdrew  t^ast  the  Crown  of  this  kingdom. 

his  motion.  Whilst  England  and  Scotland  had 

The  next  day,  although,  being  been  contributing  their  private 
'Batuiday,  it  was  oat  of  oourae  for  and  public  funds  to  the  mitigatioa 
th«HouBe  of  Commons  to  ait,  Lord  of  the  famine  which  had  recently 
John  HuBsell.purBnant  to  his  notice  rav^d  Ireland,  all  that  the  con- 
Bbore  stated,  brought  forward  his  f^emtes  and  thdr  leaders  had  con- 
motion  for  a  Bill  ta  suspend  the  tributed  was  seditious  harangues, 
operationof  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  inflammatory  appeals  to  the  pas- 
in  Ireland.  He  commenciBd  his  eiona,  and  misrepresentations  of 
addrees  by  assuring  the  House  of  tho  contributions  and  motives 
the  deep  concern  which  he  felt  in  of  the  British  people.  Ireland 
baving  to  propose  to  it  the  sua-  was  slowly  recovering  from  that 
peneicoi,  for  a  limit«d  time,  of  the  great  calamity,  when  Uie  events  of 
oonstitutianal  libertiee  of  Ireland.  February  last  occurred  in  Paris, 
In  proposing  it,  he  undertook  to  giving  encouragement  to  all  who 
prove  Uiree  things — first,  that  the  believed  that  wo  force  and  the 
Jtresent  state  of  Ireland  was  fraught  authority  of  this  empire  might  be 
with  evil,  and  that  we  were  upon  overthrown  by  open  insurrection, 
the  eve  of  a  formidable  outbreak,  A  deputatiou,  oomprising  among 
If  it  were  not  Buppressed  in  time ;  its  members  Mr.  S.  O'Brien,  was 
secondly,  that  there  were  means  sent  from  Ireluid  ta  Paris  for  the 
provided  by  the  leaders  of  the  con-  purpose  of  asking  assistance  from 
templated  insurrection  to  produce  France  to  the  contemplated  Irish 
great  i^jnry  and  danger  unless  insurrectioD.  Although  that  at- 
BtnnemeasurewereadoptedtoeouQ-  tempt  failed,  the  project  went  on, 
teract  them ;  and,  thirdly,  that  the  and  there  was  little  or  no  disguise 
Taeasure  which  he  was  about  to  any  further  attempted  as  to  the 
propose  was  that  particular  remedy  intentionB  of  the  Irish  Confederor 
which  appeared  to  be  the  best  to  tion.    His  Lordship  then  adverted 


then  traced  the  history  of  the  agi-  Mr.  Mitchell  was  then  snfiering 

tation  for  the  Repeal  of  the  Union  transportatioa,  and  to  the  more 

from    its    commencement    under  recent  articles  in  the  In$h  Felon, 

Mr.  O'Connelt,  who  declared  that  to  show   that  this   Confederation 

no  political  change  was  worth  the  intended,  first,  to  abolish  the  Im- 

ahedding  of  one  single  drop  of  perialCkiveramentoftheseislands; 

blood,  down  to  the  present  period,  next,  to  take  away  from  the  Queen 

when  a  new  faction  had  started  all  authority  over  Ireland;  and, 

into    existence,    which    at    first  lastly,  to  abolish  at  once  i^l  the 

covertly  and  ambiguously,  bat  at  existing  rights  of  proper^.     To 

last  openly   and    explicitly,   had  aocomplish  these  olijocts  it  waa 

in  view  the  total   seiMiration    of  proposed  that  the  people  should 

Ireland  from  the  dominions  of  the  arm  themselves,  ana  should  thus 

United    Kingdom.      The    means  be  ready  to  encounter  any  force 

vhich  they  proposed  for  effecting  which    the    Government    might 

that  object  were  distinguished  by  have  at  its  disposal.     It  was  felt, 

the  appellation  of  physical  force,  however,  in  Ireland,  and  by  none 

which  evidently  meant    rebellion  more   than    the    Roman   Catholic 


*«*«.*.]                      HISTORY.  [101 

clem,  that  if  the  Confederatioa  femd  to  the  establishiaent  of 
■houd  Buoceed  in  iu  olyects,  there  numerous  duba,  during  the  last 
would  be  bh  ead  of  all  reelect  for  two  months,  at  Carrick-on-8uir, 
nl^ion,  and  that  the  rule  of  bnit9  Meath,  Cork,  Wat^rford.  and  other 
force  miald  be  estahliahed.  In  places ;  and  showed  that  the  titlea 
order  to  oentnhze  the  alarm  thus  of  several  of  them  had  been  taken 
£Blt  by  the  «lerg]r,  tiie  leaders  fr(»n  nuiis  who  had  rendered 
of  the  intended  Irish  republic,  themselTes  oonspicnous  iu  the 
after  diaclaiming  all  intentions  of  rebellion  of  1T0S,  with  the  ezpreas 
pillage  and  massacre,  and  of  over-  intention  of  encoungiog  the  mem- 
throwing  religion,  issued  a  reso-  bers  to  imitate  their  traitorous 
Intimi  in  which  the;  ieaakl^  example.  He  particularly  referred 
arowed  that  their  object  was  not  to  the  military  organisation  of  the 
Bta^j  to  repeal  the  Le^htive  clubs  of  Cork,  which  had  been 
Union,  but  to  overthrow  the  power  reviewed  bj  Mr.  8.  O'Brien,  to 
•nd  authmiw  of  this  counti?  al-  the  salutation  which  had  there 
tegMher,  and  the  away  of  that  Go-  been  addressed  to  that  aspiring 
Tentment  which  thej  were  hound  traitor  as  King  of  Mimster,  and  to 
and  had  sworn  to  obey.  He  then  his  mock  tnodee^  in  refusing  the 
came  to  his  second  pn^ioeitMMt.  appellation  by  sajins,  "  Not  yet, 
wioeh  was,  that  theie  were  forr  not  yet."  He  also  adverted  to  the 
midahle  means  preparing  for  a  re-  language  used  by  Meagher  on  his 
hellion  against  the  constitutjonal  aiTest  at  Wateiford,  and  on  his 
ontbOTitiee  of  the  oountiy.  All  the  return  some  time  sfterwards  from 
aoeonnts  which  he  had  recently  re-  Slierannon,  where  he  was  met  hy 
ceived  from  Ireland  ooncarred  in  some  lO.OOOor  16,000people,  who 
the  conelusion,  that  the  orgoniza-  avowed  that,  as  di  property  had 
tion  proposed  by  this  Confederation  originslly  belonged  to  the  people, 
was  of  a  formidable  character,  was  a  division  of  it  now  would  only 
rapidly  eztendmg,  and  that  in  be  a  resumption  of  their  own 
parts  of  the  country  the  clubs  and  by  the  people.  He  allnded  to 
associations  eBtablisbed  by  it  were  the  recent  events  at  Corrick-on- 
already  ripe  for  iaBorrection.  It  Suir,  where  the  peasantry  hod 
was,  howsTer,  chiefly  within  the  assembled,  armed  with  muskets 
last  Boonth  that  their  proceedings  and  e<^thes,  and  other  fonrndablo 
bad  become  more  formidaUe  and  weapons,  for  the  rescue  of  Botno 
daagaroiia.  Ee  then  read  extracts  persons  arrested  for  bsilable  of- 
from  the  despatches  of  Iiord  lencee.  On  that  occasion  neither 
Gkmdon,  stating  that  though  the  the  ^till  nor  the  intention  to  rebel 
chibe  might  not  oontempl^  an  was  wanting ;  all  that  was  wanting 
ontl»«ak  immedifO^,  Govern-  was  the  occasion.  He  then  read  a 
ment  must  detennine  before  Far-  letter  which  he  bad  received  that 
liabent  was  up,  whedier  it  would  nxnnii^  from  Lord  Clarendon, 
seek  for  fresh  powers,  or  would  declaring  that  the  change  which 
permit  the  orauuzttdon  fbr  an  had  come  over  the  people  within 
immediate  dvil  w$r  to  proceed  the  last  ten  Ab^  was  most  alorm- 
tmmolested.  The  accotmta  received  ing,  and  was  greater  than  any 
thnu^  the  Constabulary  Reports  which  had  ever  been  seen  beibre 
correepMided  with  the  views  of  in  Ireland.  No  doubt  any  attempt 
Lord    Clorendw.    He   then    re-  at  insurrection  would  be  put  dowsi 


i02]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

Wt  it  could  not  be  done  without  now  eonght  to  obtain;  and  he 
moch  bloodBhed,  and  the  sacrifice  asked  those  who  were  of  opinion 
of  manj  lives.  He  therefore  felt  that  the  Bill  should  pass,  not  to 
it  to  be  his  duty  to  come  down  to  render  themselves  reBponsible  for 
Parliament  and  propose  a  measure  the  delay  of  a  measure  which 
to  meet  this  state  of  things.  The  might  prove  the  saving  of  life  in 
Lord  Lieutenant  and  the  Lord  Irelan<£  He  stood  before  the 
Chancellor  of  Ireland  bad  both  House  responsible  for  proposing 
pointed  out  the  dangerous  cba-  this  measuf'e ;  be  assumea  that 
racter  of  the  confederate  clubs.  It  responsibility,  and  confidently 
migbtyetbeneceesary  tointroduce  asked  the  House  to  assume  its 
a  measure  to  prevent  tbe  organiza-  responsibility  also  ;  he  called  upon 
tion  of  these  clubs.  Constituted  as  them  to  be  mindful  of  tbe  blessings 
these  clubs  were,  no  doubt  could  which  they  yet  enjoyed,  and  might 
exist  as  to  their  illegality,  but  the  secure.andalso  of  the  results  which 
meansofprocuringevidenceagainst  must  flow  from  any  other  course 
them  were  not  such  as  enabled  tbe  than  that  which  the  Government 
Goremment  to  put  them  down  invited  them  to  follow. 
with  fecility.  Such  being  tbe  Mr.  F.  O'Connor  observed  that 
case,  he  knew  of  no  remedy  so  the  object  of  this  measure  was  to 
direct  in  its  object,  and  so  imme-  seize  upon  Uessre.  Smith  O'Brien 
diate  in  its  purpose,  as  that  of  and  Meagher  because  itaey  shared 
securing  the  persons  of  those  who  in  hie  own  feelings,  and  hoped  that 
were  at  the  head  of  tbis  projected  Ireland  would  one  day  rid  herself 
insurrection,  by  the  suspension  of  of  tbe  domination  of  England, 
the  Habeas  Corpus  Act.  There  was  Mr.  O'Connor  was  proceeding  to 
Bt  this  moment  a  necessity  for  a  declare  himself  in  uvour  of  tbe 
Bill  to  enable  the  Lord  Lieutenant  separation  of  the  two  countries, 
of  Ireland  to  secure  the  persons  of  when  Lord  John  Russell  took  up 
those  whom  he  suspected  of  medi-  from  the  table  the  board  to  which 
tating  high  treason.  He  ihere^  the  oath  of  allegiance  is  attached, 
fore  asked  the  House  of  Com-  and  pointed  it  out  in  a  significant 
mous  to  consent  to  tbe  introduction  manner  to  the  honourable  Member, 
of  eucb  a  Bill.  He  might  have  Mr.  O'Connor  paused  for  a  mo- 
been  justified  in  asking  for  such  ment,  but  afterwards  proceeded  to 
a  Bill  at  an  earlier  period;  but  contend  that  tbe  best  mode  of 
he  bad  waited  until,  in  his  mind,  keeping  his  oath  of  allegiance  was 
and  in  that  of  his  colleagues,  the  by  pointing  out  tbe  way  in  which 
necessity  for  it  was  so  clear,  so  Her  Majesty  was  most  likely  to  re^ 
notorious,  and  so  convincing,  aa  tain  her  British  dominions.  He 
not  to  be  detiied  bj  either  Honee  was  determined  to  give  every  op- 
of  Parliament.  He  trusted  that  position  to  this  Bill,  the  effect  of 
no  time  wbuld  be  lost  tn  paasinff  which  he  believed  would  be  an  im- 
this  Bill  into  law.  Protracted  mediate  revolution.  He  then  pro- 
debates  on  such  a  subject  could  ceeded  to  denounce  with  much 
do  no  good,  and  might  do  incal-  vigour  the  English  newspaper 
culablfe  narm.     No  man  could  say  press. 

what  might  be  the  consequence  of  Sir  R.  Peel  gave  his  cordial  sup- 

withhotdmg  even  for  a  short  time  port  to  the  proposed  measure.    He 

the  powers  which  the  Government  believed  that  a  wicked  conspiracy 


EngbBnd.]                        HISTORY.  [103 

existed  in  Irel&nd  to  deprive  the  Bill  at  once.  In  conclosioii  he 
Queen  of  her  rightful  dominions  animadverted  with  much  seTeritj 
in  thst  conntry.  Such  being  his  on  the  laxity  of  construction  which 
belief,  he  took  his  part  at  once  with  Mr.  O'Connor  had  applied  to  the 
the  Gromj  of  the  United  Kingdom  oath  of  allegiance.  "  The  noble  lord 
against  the  conspintora,  who  were  showed  Mr.  O'Connor  the  oath  hj 
endeavouring  to  wrest  that  power  which  he  swore  to  bear  true  alle- 
from  the  Sovereign  bj  unuwful  giance  to  Her  U^esly  Queen  Vic- 
means.  It  was  possible  that  a  cass  toria;  upon  which  the  honourable 
mi^t  have  been  made  out  at  an  gentleman  said,  '  And  am  I  not 
earlier  period  for  a  Bill  like  the  fnlfilUng  the  oath  of  alliance 
present,  hut  be  agreed  with  Lord  when  I  am  trying  to  insure  for 
J.  Rossell,  that  when  a  proposal  of  Her  Mtyesty  the  lopdty  of  her 
this  natore  was  made,  there  ought  faithful  aubjecta  in  Ireland?'  Mr. 
to  be  a  strong  opinion  in  the  mind  O'Connell  might  have  stud  that, 
of  the  House  and  the  country  that  for  he  was  the  enemy  of  separa- 
a  necessity  had  arisen  to  justify  tion,  end  he  wished  to  maintain 
extreme  measures.  The  question  the  golden  link  of  the  Crown.  But 
now  at  issne  was  really  not  whether  the  honourable  gentleman,  the 
there  should  he  a  repeal  of  the  Member  for  Nottingham,  declared 
union,  but  whether  there  should  for  a  teparation  between  England 
be  a  totad  separation  of  the  two  and  Ireland.  Now,  if  the  honour^ 
countries.  He  believed  that  if  the  able  gentleman  meant  that  by  a 
House  refused  to  act  now  there  separation  Ireland  was  sliU  to  re- 
would  1>e  a  desolating  war&re  main  connected  with  the  United 
during  the  recess  in  Ireland.  Kingdom,  and  was  to  form  an  inte- 
He  believed  that  the  Crown  wonld  gral  part  of  it,  why  was  he  scared 
ultimately  be  aoccessful  in  it;  by  the  oath  of  allegiance?  ("Hear, 
bat  if  it  were  not,  of  this  he  was  hear ! ")  On  seeing  the  oath,  be  de- 
■nre,  that  there  would  be  sub*  clared  that  he  was  faithfully  dis- 
BtitDted  for  the  present  Govern-  charging  his  obligations  by  pre- 
mmt  the  most  cruel,  the  most  serving  for  Her  M^esty  the  alle- 
base,  and  the  most  sangninair  des-  giance  of  her  Irish  sutyects  and 
potism  that  ever  disgraced  any  her  rightful  dominions  in  Ireland." 
country.  He  considered  the  mea-  Mr:  O'Connor'—"  Her  English 
sure   of  Government  to  be  fully  dominions." 

justified  by  the  avowed  declarations  Sir  Robert  Feel  — "Oh!    her 

of  open  and  oodisgnised  traitors,  English  dominions.     Let  me  re- 

who  bad  not  scrupled  to  recom-  mind  the  honourable  gentleman, 

mend  the  BSBassination  of  the  Lord  that  the  oath  was  taken  without 

Lieutenant.     If  further  measures  equivocation  or  mental  reservation, 

were  reqiured  for  the  suppression  The  allegiance   promised  was   an 

of  crime    in    Ireland,  he   hoped  allegiance  on  the  part  of  Ireland  as 

that  additional  powera  wonld  be  de-  fully  and  completely  as  on  the  port 

manded  from  ue  House,  and  that  of  England ;  and  if  the  honourable 

there  would  be  no  delay  in  stating  gentleman  took  the  oath  with  a 

their  extent.    He  likewise  hoped  secret  reservation  to  be  a  bithful 

that  the  House  would  consent  to  the  and  loval  subject  of  this  part  of  the 

■uspensioD  of  any  of  its  forms  which  United  Kingdom,  but  reserved  to 

would  prevent  Uie  passing  of  this  himself  a  latitude  with  regard  to 


104]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.      [A«to«A 

Ireland,    and  s  perfect  ri^t  to  Mr.  B.   Oibone   nid  he  fUt 

Berer  Ireland  from  Her  MajeBtj'a  modi    embontssment   u  to    the 

dDminions,  then  I  Mj  that  he  re-  oootm  whkih    he  sbenld   {mrRoa. 

serves  to  himself  a  latitude  of  cod-  He  at  flnt  bad  reaolved  to  abMnt 

stnictioQ  so  large  that  there  can  be  himseU  from  the  debat« ;  hot,  oo 

no  Talne  in  hia  oath  of  allegiance."  reflection,  he  thought  it  voold  be 

In  conclusion,  Sir  Robert  n-  onwortby  to  shrink  tiaat  taking 

plied  to  Mr.  O'Connor'*  queation,  his  &1II  reaponsibilit;  in  pasaing 

iras  it  possible  to  maintain  a  ra-  thia  meaanre ;  for  he  believed  in 

Btricted  monarchy  in  this  oonntry  ?  his  heart  that  the  persons  whom  it 

"  Loc^ng  at  what  hea  taken  phboa  waa  directed  vainst  tnado  Repeal 

on  the  cdiief  arena  of  these  revoln-  bat  a  pretext  for  nnirder  2nd  ml- 

tionary  moTements — taking  I^ris  lage.     cnt  he  did  not  cooeeal  oia 

andFranceasmjexample— lookitig  strong    conviction    that   remedial 

at  the  Oovsmment  which  existed  BMasures   had    been    wrongfully 

before  February,  the  secaritiee  for  withheld  ;  and  he  should  not  (»n> 

tfae  public  liberty,  the  state  of  the  sent  that  the  Bill  should  oontiDue 

revenue,  the  condition  of  the  ma-  in  opemtioti  till  Uorofa  1849.    The 

nolactnring  classes,  the  principles  Houisesbouldratbersitfrom  moctth 

which  were  acted  upon  with  respect  to  month  henceforward,  that  this 

to  the  rewards  of  labour-booking  Bill  might  go  forth  hand  in  band 

at  what  passed  in-Fobruaiy— look-  with  healing  and  oonoiliating  mea> 

ing  at  what  passed  in  the  interval  enres.  He  would  himself  bimg  be- 

of  three  or  fonr  monHu  until  June,  fore  the  House  his  lon^coosiwred 

when  the  new  Oovemtneat,  which  conviction  that thwesbouldbe some 

was  founded  upon  the  barricades  of  modification  of  tiie  Act  of  Union. 

February,  was  exposed  to  the  moet  Mr.  8hartaan  Crawford  oouid  not 

Tiolent  attack  by  tboee  whose  hopes  express  the  pain  he  felt  in  di» 

vrere  disappointed— looking  at  all  charging  bis  du^  of  TOting  against 

tboee  circamstanoes— avoiding  any  the  measure,     Ue  desired  to  sea 

reflection  upon    them,  and   only  peace,  and  this  Bill  would  bring  no 

drawing  an  example  for  the  guid-  peaee.    He  admitted  that  liberty 

ance  of  the  people  of  this  coustij,  maat  be  restnined  in  times    u 

—I  say,  so  he  from  what   has  orisis ;  bat  never,  in  such  a  caae  aa 

passed  iudadng  me  to  distrust  the  this,  withoat  aeoompanying  mea> 

advantwes  of  a  limited  monardiy  suree  of  amedioiation  and   social 

—to  b^eve  its  foundations  are  improvement     The  Oovenunant 

less  secure — to  bdieve  that  there  bad  neglected  tfae  use  of  the  powers 

is  lees  aSecttm  for  the  person  of  inthin  its  bands :  if  it  Wd  aaed 

the  Sover^gn,  or  less  ratioaal  ooor  these,  its  troops  and  ita  FsIorj 

viction  in  favour  of  the  advantages  Bill  maid   have    prevented    the 

of  a  limited  monarchy ; — looking  praaent  head  being  gaioed  \if  ae- 

to  the  experienoe  of  the  laat  wx  atdon.    But  now,  a  new  coercion 

months,  I  retain  an  inereaaed  con>  Act  woold  be  a  vain  measure  :  fkj* 

viction  that  the  monarohy  of  this  sieal  force  could  not  sow  pravent 

coaudy  is  aecurB>  and  is  endeared  resiatanoe  to  rente  and  taxes,  and 

by  nameroos  conaideratione  and  as-  disoiganiaation    of    society.       He 

aociations  to  the  affsotionate  sui^  theKfom  fett  bound  to  move  as  as 

port  and  devotion  of  the  people  of  amendment,    "  That  the    present 

thia  country."  distracted  state  of  Lrehnd  mrisee 


HISTORY.  [105 

from  tmsgoveniBent,  and  &om  ths  encooi^r  its  violenoe  irith  gra>t«r 

vBiit  of  remedial  aeasana,  idtboat  tanx,  and  mwi  meet  vith  ooorage 

irtiich   no  cootme  meaMiraa  can  that  wuiaalj  iriudi  had  boon  vof 

inatoro  either  oidar  w  conUnt  to  amraged  bj  evante  whidi  had  not 

the  eonntij."  oecsned  in  En^and.  nor  as  yat  in 

Hr.  FuBii  seconded  the  amend-  Ireland.    He  |nvteet«d  againat  the 

meat.      He   dwo^t  the  erils  of  attempt  ta  ma  np  the  aooial  and 

Irdaiul  weiv  of  a  eodal  dafaeter,  r«''*i—'  grienncaa  of  Irrimd  with 

and  required  a  soekl  rene^.  tbequealiontbeBbclaBatbeHtMue. 

Hr.  Callagfaan  on>OMd  the  Bill,  He  idao  protected  agaraat  its  going 

bebering  th^  its  effect  woidd  be  to  forth  to  Europe   that  this  was  a 

inoreaee    tbo   eoBpentiaa  which  qneetioD  between  the  Engliah  Gs- 

prevailed  in  Ireland.    He  ahoald  vemment  and  the   Inab  people, 

eppoae^  coercive  measBiw  SB  locig  Tbem|yori^of  that  people  iwre 

aa   be  onld  see  other  means  ^  not  traitoiv.    Ete  eoold  not  bdiere 

paciiying  Ireland.  that  the  Roman  Oatholio  prieet- 

Hr.  Diameli  declared  his  inten-  hood  waold  look  with  fmaar  on  a 

tion  of  giviog  the  meaanre  of  Go-  Jacobin  moTemant,  nor  would  he 

TenHDont  hia  nnmying  and  nna-  lidiave,  thoa^  some  of  the  pea>- 

qoTNcal   anmetC.       U   be    conhl  eaatif  migfat  hove  been  deeeiTed 

bdng  bimelf  to  think  tfaaA  Una  b;  the  driuaiona  of  had  men,  that 

rfniBng  inamedian    araae    from  the  great  bodj  of  lAtem  in  the  aoBtli 

the  aocial  and  political  grieraaeea  of  Iiriaad  ware  heart  and  sonl  in 

of  Irdand,  and  that  this  Bill  woBld  thia  Menacing  mevenent.    It  was 

be  an  obstai^  In  the  reoMdj  of  tlis  monmsnt  of  a  party  stima- 

tfaoae  grievances,  be  slioald  be  in-  lated  bj  fareign  erante  and  enean- 

dined  to  view  it  with  diatraet    Its  ragad  1^  fne^  sncoeas.     He  had 

*'—- ~-*—    was    flagrant;    it    waa  no  daut  that  their  plots  would 

avowedly  an  invasioD  of  the  con*  meet  vrith   diseeatfitore ;    bnt   be 

atitwipp.     The  only  excnae  for  it  wiriied  that  that  diecomfitnre  might 

was  its  necessity,  and  its  seeeaai^  not  be  aeeompliahed  at  the  same 

had  been  promd  t^   the   aremm.'  aitpense  of  Itfe  and   treaeore   at 

atancea  to  whidi  Lord  J.  Bnaaell  which  it  had  beea  aceompliahed 

bad  allnded  in  his  epeeefa.     His  en  former  occasicaia,  snd  fcr  that 

Iiordahipfaadnotflomedown  to  the  neaoo  he  soppeited  thia  Bill. 

boaaa   anth  a  gseen   bag  foil   of  Bir  Doiham  Noire^  shontd  give 

'    i  bam  cordial   sappcrt  te   the   Bill, 

a  with  althonrii  fay  so   doing  he  afaonld 

h  all  veae  familiar,  aa  a  jttsti'  mJMMy  comimt  political  snicide. 

fication  ef  tbi  maaaniw  irinch  he  Tba  was  not  the  time   for  in- 

tecoounmided.    He  considered  ifaia  ^ring    into  the    political  ante- 

n  to  be  neitber  an  agc^  oadants  of  this  or   that  Qoveni- 

"  '    a  movement.  It  sent    The  eoantiiy  was  en  the 

turn  any  perverted  brink  of  a  precipioe,  and  his  only 

natiotMJty.    for   it  oare  now  was  to  prevent  it  faUing 

laa  nothing  SMWe  or  lae»  than  a  te  the  bottoao.     Oeao|daiiits  had 

Jacobin  movemenL   Now,  lookiiigi  been  nuule  of  the  £aalty  chatacter 

as  he  did,   upon  Jacolimism  as  a  of  the  infomiatim  on  which  Lord 

eyatem  <rf  onmidgated  fraud  and  John  Russell  was  proceeding.    He 

iidenoe,  be  thought  that  we  most  oared  not  for  that  information — he 


106]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.       [EngUnd. 

wanted  it  not — for  ho  had  read  the  tm  Star)  was  no  credit  to  any  nun 
present  history  of  Ireland  on  the  connected  with  it,  for  it  pandered 
market-crose.  This  Bill  was  a  se-  to  the  base  passions  of  the  popu- 
rioua  experiment,  and  would  lead  lace,  and  held  out  to  the  ignorant 
either  to  the  immediate  extinction  hopea  which  could  never  be  realized. 
or  immediate  explosion  of  the  in-  After  deprecating  in  the  strongest 
Burrection.  He  therefore  appealed  terms  the  doctrines  of  Commuoism, 
to  those  who  now  opposed  it,  and  he  proceeded  to  observe  that  the 
begged  them  to  recollect  whether  long  attention  which  he  had  paid 
thej  were  not  running  the  risk  of  to  the  condition  of  Ireland  had 
imposing  upon  Ireland  by  their  op-  placed  him  on  this  occasion  in  a 
position  a  greater  evil  even  thui  position  of  some  difficulty.  It  was 
this  Bill — he  meant  martial  law  necessary  to  put  down  the  excite- 
and  military  proscription.  It  was  ment  now  prevailing  in  that  coun- 
to  save  his  countrymen  from  the  try,  in  order  to  preserve  peace  and 
nuBCry  which  would  inevitably  be  prevent  a  civil  war.  He  was  there- 
brought  upon  them  if  they  were  fore  obliged,  thoi^h  reluctantly,  to 
misled  any  longer  by  wicked  and  give  his  consent  to  the  measure  of 
guilty  men,  that  he  gave  his  unhesi-  OovemmenL  He  mast  nevarthe- 
tadng  support  to  this  measure.  less  warn  the  House  that  it  never 
Mr.  H.  Drummond  supported  could  remove  the  discontent  of  the 
theBill  because heconceivedthatit  population  of  Ireland  unless  it  re- 
would  be  efBcacious  in  suppressing  moved  the  cause  of  it.  In  his 
the  insurrection  which  was  on  the  opimon  that  would  not  be  a  task 
point  uf  bursting  upon  them,  and  of  much  difficulty,  for  the  discon- 
because  he  conceived  that  civil  war  tent  of  Ireland  arose  from  the  Eng- 
vas  no  child's  play.  Though  ready,  lish  Government  withholding  from 
he  ?ra8  disinclined  at  present,  to  it  its  civil  rigbts.  Irishmen  were 
enter  into  a  discussion  of  the  social  not  on  equal  terms  with  English- 
grievances  of  Ireland ;  but  be  was  men  and  Scotchmen.  Whenever 
prepared  to  deny  the  assertion  of  they  were  placed  on  that  level  dis- 
Mr.  F.  O'Connor,  that  a  profligate  content  would  vanish  and  peace  and 
press  bad  poisoned  the  public  confidence  would  return.  He  re- 
mind of  England.  The  only  pro-  commended  the  House  to  modify 
fligate  press  with  which  he  vras  ac-  the  Irish  Church,  to  extend  the 
qnainted  was  that  which  advocated  franchise,  to  improve  the  ^rand 
die  doctrines  of  Communism,  and  jury  laws,  to  amend  the  mmiicipal 
which  published,  for  a  price  paid  institutions,  and  not  to  separate 
every  day,  a  whole  column  contain-  without  proposing  and  carrying  the 
-  ing  ^e  names  of  the  most  infamous  other  remeaial  measutes  which  had 
and  blasphemous  publications.  A  been  introduced  that  Session  for 
man  must  publish  the  names  of  the  amelioialion  of  society  in  Ire- 
such  publications,  either  because  land.  He  advised  his  friends  not 
he  agreed  with  their  principles,  or  to  oppose  this  Bill,  but  to  show  that 
because  he  wished  to  derive  some  they  were  anxious  for  the  toainte- 
paltry  gunfrom  the  advertisements  nanoe  of  peace  and  order  in  Ireland 
of  them.  by  supporting  it. 

Mr.  Hume  admitted  that  the  Mr.  Sadleir  thought  it  was  high 

publication  to  which    Mr.  Drum-  time  that  the  proceedings  of  the 

mend  had  adverted  (viz.,  the  North-  revolutionary    party    in     Ireland 


Enfft4ttid.] 


HISTORY. 


[107 


should  be  stopped,  and  he  therefore 
tCDdered  his  support  to  tbe  Go- 
verameot.  At  tbe  same  time  be 
told  the  Prime  Ministor  that  the 
exteDBive  disaffection  vhich  existed 
in  Ireland  could  not  have  arisen 
without  great  misconduct  on  the 
part  of  her  rulers. 

Mr.  Newdegate  briefly,  but  in 
decided  terms,  expressed  his  inten- 
tion of  Toting  with  the  QoTem- 
ment. 

Mr.  Grogan,  as  representative  of 
the  loyal  citizens  of  Dublin, 
thanked  the  Oovemment  for  thia 
Bill,  which  would  put  an  end  to  that 
agitation  which  had  reduced  so 
many  of  tbe  opulent  and  industri- 
ous tradeemen  of  Dublin  to  bank- 
ruptcy and  ruin.  He  regretted 
that  this  measure  had  not  been  in- 
troduced earlier,  and  hoped  that 
the  Govemment  would  not  show 
any  indecision  in  carrying  it  into 
effect 

Mr.  Reynolds  differed  toto  eaU> 
from  his  honourable  colleague.  He 
prophesied  that  thia  BiU  would 
pass  and  would  be  a  failure.  Still, 
tn  expressing  that  belief,  be  must 
declare  himself  favourable,  not  to 
its  introduction,  but  to  its  extinc- 
tion. He  should  vote  ag^nst  it  in 
all  its  stages,  and  hoped  that  those 
stages  would  be  long  and  tediona. 
Tbe  Bill  would  create  Repealers, 
and  would  extend  all  the  evils 
which  it  professed  to  cure. 

Mr.  Muntz  appealed  to  Mr.  S. 
Crsvrford  to  vrithdiaw  bis  amend- 
ment He  (Mr.  Muntz)  regretted 
tbe  necessity  iu  which  he  found 
himself  placed  of  voting  for  the 
BiU,  but  the  circumstances  of  the 
case  left  him  no  allematiTe.  Un- 
less, however,  the  Qoverament 
really  proceeded  to  redress  the 
grievances  of  Ireland,  he  warned 
them  that  this  wss  the  Isstcoerc' 
raeasnie  he  would  ever  support. 


Sir  H.  Barron  added  his  testi- 
mony to  the  absolute  necessity  of 
adopting  this  measure  with  una- 
nimity. He  had  that  morning  re- 
ceived letters  from  Ireland  of  the 
most  alarming  nature.  People  of 
all  descriptions  were  lamenting 
that  the  Government  had  not 
adopted  these  measures  sooner. 
Some  of  the  leaders  of  the  in- 
tended rebellion,  who  had  some 
property,  wera  most  anxious  for 
the  passing  of  this  Bill,  and  would 
rejoice  when  they  heard  the  sound 
of  the  prison  doors  closing  behind 
them ;  for  they  knew  that  they  and 
their  property  would  be  sacrificed 
in  a  rismg  which  most  lead  to 
their  ruin.  No  one  was  more  con- 
vinced of  the  hopelessness  of  the 
rebellion  than  some  of  the  leaders 
of  it ;  and,  to  his  knowledge,  some 
of  them  had  exprassed  themselves 
to  that  effect 

Col.  Dunne  concurred  in  the 
amendment,  but  nevertheless  felt 
bound  to  vote  in  favour  of  the  Bill. 

Mr.  Scalby  denied  the  disloyalty 
and  disaffection  which  hsd  been  at- 
tributed to  Tipperary.  He  thought 
that  the  effect  of  this  Bill  might  be 
fatal,  snd  urged  the  adoption  of 
remedial  measures. 

The  Honse  then  divided:  the 
numbers  were^ 

For  Mr.  8.   Crawford's 
Amendment      ...       8 

Against  it 271 

Minority  against  It     .     .  363 
Leave  was  then  given  to  bring 
in  the  Bill. 

Sir  Lndus  OBrien,  brother  of 
Mr.  Smith  O'Brien,  addressed  a 
few  words  to  the  House  in  refe^ 
ence  to  his  personal  position.  His 
original  feeling  was,  considering 
that  a  near  relative  of  his  own 
would  most  probably  be  one  of  the 


108]  ANNUAL    REGISTEK,    1848.       [EngUnd. 

first  persons  to  oome  under  the  better  front  our  tate  at  once,  and 
(^ration  of  the  Bill,  that  it  would  be  free  in  death  if  we  cannot  lira 
be  more  delicate  to  absent  himself  in  freedom.  Brothers,  let  your 
figom  the  House ;  but,  reSecting  watchword  be  '  Now  or  never^— 
that  bis  opinions  on  the  prea^nt  now  and  toi  ever.'"  Mr.  J.  F. 
posture  of  Iriah  afiairs  might  be  Lalor,  in  the  same  paper,  said — 
misinterpreted,  he  overmJed  bis  "In  thecasetrf  Irelaiunow,  there 
feelings,  and  concluded  it  would  be  is  but  one  fact  to  deal  with,  and 
more  patriotic  and  decorous  to  at-  one  question  to  be  oonsidered. 
t«nd  in  the  House  and  take  part  The  fact  is  ^is,  thai  there  are  at 
IB  the  debate.  {Loud  and  gmtral  preeent  in  occupation  of  ouir  coim' 
okteruiff.)  tij  some  forty  thousand  armed 
Lord  John  Buesell  said,  that  sa  men  in  the  lireTj  and  service  of 
tto  House  had  expressed  so  une-  England;"  and  he  proceeded — 
qniTocdljr  its  feding  in  favour  of  "  "Die  qneelian  w,  how  beet  and 
ue  Bill,  it  would  doubtleas  permit  soonest  to  kill  and  capture  these 
the  further  stages  to  be  proceeded  forty  thousand  men."  He  declared 
nilh  instants.  Ho  moved  the  se-  in  favour  of  an  instant  rising — 
oond  reading.  "  If  require  to  state  my  own  in- 
After  some  objections  from  Mr.  dividual  opinion,  and  allowed  to 
Callaghan  and  Mr.  Beynolds,  the  choose  my  own  time,  I  certainly 
Bill  was  read  a  seootid  tuue.  The  would  take  the  time  when  the  full 
House  then  went  into  Committee  harvest  of  Ireland  shall  be  etacked 
opon  it  Mr.  fi.  Osborne  moved  in  the  bsggardB.  But  not  unfre- 
to  limit  its  operation  to  the  lat  quently  God  selects  and  senda  hia 
of  September,  1846;  bat  the  Irish  own  seasons  and  occasions;  and 
Members  appearmg  to  be  against  oftentimes,  t«o,  an  raiemy  is  able 
him,  he  withdrew  hu  motion.  The  to  foresee  the  neoessity  of  mther 
Bill  being  passed  through  Com-  fighting  or  Ming.  In  the  one 
mittee,  I^rd  John  Kussell  moved  case  we  oo^t  not,  ia  the  other 
the  third  reading,  which  was  agreed  we  sorely  cannot,  attem^  waiting 
to,  and  the  Bill  was  fortJiwith  taken  for  our  harTra^home.  If  oppor* 
up  to  the  House  of  liords.  tunity  offers,  we  must  daah  at  that 
On  the  nextday  but  one.Monday,  opp<ntunity ;  if  driven  to  the  wall, 
the  36th  of  July,  the  Bill  was  in-  we  mmst  wheel  for  reaiatance. 
troduced  into  the  Upper  House  by  Wherefore,  let  us  fight  in  8ep- 
the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne,  with  a  tember,  if  we  may — but  sooner,  if 
statement  nearly  similar  to  that  we  must"  Lord  Lanadowne  had 
which  Lord  John  Russell  had  some  eatiafaotion  in  closing  hia 
made.  The  club  organization,  he  quotatkms  from  the  aame  letter 
said,  rapidly  increased  with  each  with  the  following  one,  which  indi- 
faour's  delay ;  and  he  quoted  from  Dated  in  the  laadera  a  beeitatioa  tt 
the  last  manifestoes  issued  by  the  begis : — "  Meanwhile,  howerar,  rfr 
confederate  leaders  since  they  memberthis:  tint somewhei^, And 
had  learnt  the  meaaurea  of  the  somehow,  and  by  eomeb^y,  a  be- 
■  Qovemmont.  Mr.  Brennan,  in  the  ginmng  must  be  made.  Who 
IrUh  Fdon  pnbliahed  on  the  lUth,  atrikee  tJie  first  blow  for  Ireland? 
eoonaelled  the  young  Irishmen  to  Who  draws  first  blood  for  Ireland? 
ahoulder  their  pikes  and  mazob,  Who  wins  a  wreath  that  will  be 
■nd  dedaied — "I  think  we  had  green  for   ever?"    He    believed 


SHgiMd.]                  HISTORY.  [109 

thftt  tbft  hesitation  here  betrayed  behalf  of,  and  in  the  name  of,  the 

wetild  be  coufiraed,  and  that  no  priBonerB. 

one  woold  be  found  to  "strike  the  The  Earl  of  Ellenboroogh  be- 
first  blow,"  if  this  Bill  were  passed  liered  ^t  if  the  Bit]  had  been 
vitboat  delay.  Lord  Lansdowne  introduced  eight  months  earlier,  it 
flondnded  hy  moring  that  the  ^b-  vould  have  prevented  a  rebellion 
lie  safetj  reqcdred  that  the  BUI  which  it  would  now  only  precipi- 
should  be  passed  with  all  possible  tate.  "  Nothing,"  said  he,  "  mil 
deapatch ;  and  that,  notwithstand-  now  prevent  a  rebellion  in  the 
ing  the  Stfdiding  OrdaTB,  the  Lord  South  but  an  arming  of  the  llorth. 
Gbancellor  should  be  aadiorized  to  If  the  Gtovemment  go  into  the 
put  the  question  of  each  stage  of  straggle  without  organization  of 
the  measure  at  sncfa  timee  as  the  the  well-affeoted,  ana  without  the 
House  should  deem  necessary.  arming  of  &iends,  it  will  place 
Lord  Brougham  cordiaUv  ee-  the  eonntry  in  the  condition  of 
cnnded  the  motion  of  Lord  LaaS-  having  to  undergo  a  long  and 
dowoe,  being  convinced  of  the  ne-  bloody  contest,  whereas  it  bad  the 
ceasi^  of  conferring  extraordinary  means  of  rendering  it  short,  if  not 
powers  upon  the  Xiord  Lieutenant,  of  preventing  its  possibility." 
Sot  it  wtnild  be  a  lallacy  to  suppose  The  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  vin- 
that  the  measure  was  wanted  to  so-  dicated  the  Ooveroment,  with  some 
cure  the  British  empire  in  Ireland,  warmth,  from  the  imputations  of 
ortopreventadisBeremDoe:  it  was  Lord  Ellenborongh. 
required  only  to  prevent  efforts  at  The  Earl  of  Glengall  paid  a 
diaeevermncd,  which,  though  they  tribute  to  the  peaceable  and  tem- 
nnist  end  in  the  dtacomfltnre  of  perate  conduct  of  the  Roman 
the  rebels,  woald  be  made  in  all  Catholic  priesthood  during  the 
the  horrors  of  bloodshed  and  con-  pending  crisis,  and  to  their  ex- 
fusion,  and  would  fall  heaviest  on  ertions  in  the  cause  of  order, 
the  innocent  and  peaceable.  He  The  Bill  was  theo  passed  nem. 
observed  that  one  of  the  worst  of  du.  through  all  its  stages, 
the  papers  which  had  been  read  to  Not  many  days  afterwards  a 
the  House  was  the  productioD  of  a  general  debate  on  the  state  and 

Con  now  m  prison  for  seditioo.  prospects  of  Ireland  took  place  in 

hoped  there  was  taw  to  prevent  the  House  <^  Commons,  upon  the 

this,  and  that  it  would  be  made  im-  occasion  of  a  resolution  proposed 

possible  to   convert   prisons   into  by  Mr.  Sbarman   Crawford,  pre- 

places  whence  new  declarations  of  vions  to  going  into  Committee  of 

treason  might  be  made,  and  sedition  Supply,  to  the  following  effect : — 

be   sowed  broadcast   among   the  "That   the   present  distracted 

pe^le.  state  of  Ireland  demands  the  in- 

The  Earl  of  Wicklow  insisted  stant  attention  of  Parliament,  with 

much  upon  the  same  point.  a  view  to  the  speedy  enactment  of 

Lord  Lansdowne  explained  that  such  measures  as  may  be  necessary 

inquiry  had  already  been  made,  to  improve  the  condition,  redress 

and  there  was  good  reason  to  be-  the  grievances,  and  establish  the 

lieve  that  the  writings  professing  just  rights  of  the  Irish  people,  and 

to  issue  frnm  Nei^ate  Prison  had  thereby  promote  the  good  order 

not  really  been  composed  there,  and  prosperity  of  that  portion  of 

but  I7'  persons  Still  at  large,  in  the  United  I^gdom,  ana  give  in- 


110]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

creased  eecurity  to  Her  Majes^'s  week,  aa  a  declaration  of  war.  If  it 
Crown  and  Goveniment,"  were  so,  then  Ireland  most  be  re- 
After  reading  the  terms  of  it,  he  conquered,  and,  when  reconquered, 
observed that.ifitshouldbecarried,  must  be  governed  by  the  sword, 
he  should  follow  it  ap  b;  moving  The  oonsequencee  of  such  a  s^tem 
the  seme  resolution  which  Lord  must  be  fatal  to  both  countries, 
J.  Russell  had  moved  in  1844 —  unless  remedial  measures  were  in- 
namelf,  that  the  whole  subject  of  txoduced  for  the  grievances  of  Ire- 
Irish  grievances  should  be  referred  land.  If  Lord  J.  Russell  should 
totbeconsiderationofaSelectCom-  say  that  there  was  not  time  for 
mitteeof  the  whole  House.  In  sup-  passing,  or  that  there  was  an 
portofbispropoaitionMr.  Crawford  obstructive  majority  in  the  House 
entered  into  a  history  of  the  social  which  would  prevent  him  from 
and  political  grievances  of  Ireland,  passing  such  measures,  then  he 
both  prior  and  subsequent  to  the  would  ask  hia  Lordship  how  could 
Legislative  Union  with  England,  the  demand  for  Repeal  hereafter 
dwelling  particularly  on  the  abor-  be  resisted  ?  He  intended  to  pro- 
tive  measures  which  had  been  pro-  ceed  forthwith  to  Ireland,  and  to 
posed  of  late  years  by  the  Govern-  use  there  any  influence  he  might 
menta  of  Sir  R.  Peel  and  Lord  J.  possess  in  the  preservation  of 
Russell,  to  reform  the  Irish  Church,  peace.  He  wanted,  however,  to 
to  mitigate  the  pressure  of  the  tithe  carry  with  him  a  message  of  peace, 
system,  to  introduce  a  good  Poor  and  at  present  he  saw  no  chance 
liftw,  to  improve  and  extend  the  of  doing  so.  He  should  there- 
franchise,  to  regulate  the  municipal  fore  return  home  with  pain  and 
institutions,  to  place  the  law  of  sorrow,  although  he  most  strongly 
landlord  and  tenant  on  a  proper  repudiated  the  principles  and  prac- 
footing,  and  to  reclaim  the  waste  ticsa  of  those  who  were  now  dis- 
landa,  which  would  render  any  turbing  the  peace  of  Ireland. 
system  of  emigration  unnecessary  Lord  J.  Russell,  a^r  paying  a 
in  Ireland.  The  last  measure  deserved  compliment  to  Mr.  S. 
which  the  Oovemment  had  intra-  Crawford  for  the  temperate  lan- 
duced  for  the  pacification  of  hia  Kuage  in  which  he  had  expressed 
unhappy  countiy  was  a  Coercion  his  opinions,  and  adducing  eiam- 
Bill,  which  had  been  passed  with  pies  of  the  delay  which  always 
breathless  haste  and  unprecedented  attended  the  passing  of  great  mea- 
rapidity.  No  other  measure  for  the  aures,  to  prove  that  Ireland  was  no 
amehoration  of  Ireland  was  likely  exception,  read  extracts  from  a 
to  paas  this  Session.  Even  if  the  pamphlet  published  in  Dublin  in 
Encumbered  Estates  Bill  should  1796,  to  show  that  the  state  of 
pass,  it  would  be  of  no  use  unless  Ireland  was  at  least  as  bad  then 
it  were  accompanied  with  a  proper  as  at  present.  He  attributed  the 
law  of  landlord  and  tenant,  and  be  evils  of  Ireland  principally  to  the 
was  sorry  to  say  that  the  Bill  intro-  practice  of  early  marriages,  and 
duced  on  that  subject  by  the  to  the  improvident  habits  of  the 
Government  deserved  any  other  people  ;  but  attached  some  weight, 
title  save  that  of  a  proper  measure,  also,  to  the  bigotry  of  the  17th, 
He  looked  upon  the  law  for  the  and  the  illiberal  commercial  policy 
suspension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  of  the  18th,  ceaturi^ ;  and  then 
Act,  which  had  been  passed  that  proceeded  to  comment  upon  the 


EngUmd.} 


HISTORY. 


[Ill 


subject  of  eacb  of  Mr.  Crawford's 
complaiatB — the  delay  of  the  Eman- 
cipation  Bill,  tbe  tithe  syBtem,  the 
imperfection  of  the  Irish  Reform 
Act,  tlie  law  of  juries,  the  state  of 
the  franchise,  the  relations  between 
landlord  and  tenant,  and  Mr.  Craw- 
ford's proposed  extension  of  tenant 
right.  Upon  this  last  subject,  and 
upon  the  working  of  the  Insb  Poor 
Law,  he  spoke  at  considerable 
length,  and  then  passed  to  the 
consideration  of  the  Encumbered 
Estates'  Bill,  firom  the  operation  of 
which  he  expected  much  of  that 
division  of  property  which  Mr. 
Crawford  desu^,  end  the  Evicted 
Tenants'  Bill,  which  had  been,  as 
he  thought,  most  anfortonately  re- 
jected by  the  House  of  Lords- 
After  noticing  the  grand  jury  laws, 
the  projects  for  reclaming  waste 
lands,  and  the  applications  for 
Government  assistance  for  the 
Irish  railroads,  he  came  at  last  to 
the  position  of  the  Established 
CboTch  in  Ireland,  which,  he  said, 
was  tar  from  satiafactoty ;  but  after 
discussing  the  various  schemes  for 
remedying  the  manifest  evil  of  an 
appropriation  of  the  ecclesiastical 
revenue  to  the  church  of  the  mi- 
nority— from  his  own  proposition 
for  a  small  apprmciriation  of  its 
fimds,  to  Mr.  Bhght's  for  a  total 
abolition  of  the  church — be  de- 
clared that  he  thought  the  Pro- 
testants had  a  fair  claim  to  an 
establisbmentibrtheir  church,  and 
that  there  was  no  great  excess 
in  the  revenues  now  allotted  to  it. 
Lord  John  Russell  then  described 
tbe  difficulties  ia  the  way  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  establishment ;  and 
having  deprecated  any  attempt  to 
cope  with  them  at  present,  con- 
cluded a  speech  in  which  almost 
every  subject  in  the  wide  field  of 
Irish  policies  was  discussed,  by 
asldng  the  House  not  to  assent  to 


the  im|)0SBible  task  that  Mr.  Craw- 
ford wished  to  impose  upon  it,  but 
to  proceed  calmly  and  gradually  to 
amend  the  grievances  of  Ireland, 
and  to  recollect  that  it  was  by 
peaceable  measorss  and  Parlia- 
mentary discussion  that  redress 
must  be  obtained,  and  that  a 
resort  to  arms,  and  to  rebellion, 
could  but  lead  to  an  aggravation 
of  all  the  misfortunes  of  Ireland, 
and  to  tbe  speedy  dissipation  and 
destruction  of  tdl  its  resources, 
great  and  unparalleled  as  they 
were. 

Mr.  H.  Herbert  thought  that  no 
practical  good  could  be  effected  by 
now  acceding  to  Mr.  Crawford's 
motion.  He  should,  however,  vote 
for  it,  because  he  thought  that  no 
BufBcient  progress  had  been  made 
in  the  present  Session  in  producing 
healing  measures  for  Ireland. 

Mr.  Fagan  contended  that  the 
speech  of  Lord  John  Russell,  coo- 
ciliatOTy  as  its  tone  was.  could  not 
be  received  in  Ireland  as  a  message 
of  peace.  The  Minister  had  ad- 
mitted the  grievances  of  Ireland, 
but  had  proposed  no  adequate 
remedy  for  them. 

Mr.  Monsell  could  not  express 
any  opinion  whether  the  time 
chosen  for  this  motion  were  judi- 
cious or  not ;  but  as  it  had  been 
brought  forward,  feeling  as  be  did 
for  the  preaeut  wretched  condition 
of  Ireland,  he  muat  give  bis  vote 
in  its  favour.  He  called  on  Lord 
John  Russell  to  reconsider  his  de- 
cision respecting  the  Irish  Church, 
assuring  him  that  by  so  doing  be 
would  take  the  wisest  step  that 
could  be  adopted  for  pacifying  Ire- 
land. 

Mr.  Osborne  said,  that  on  that 
very  day,  46  years  ago,  the  House 
was  engaged  in  suspending  the 
Habeas  Corpus  Act  on  account  of 
a  rebellion  which  was  apprehended 


112]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

in  Ireland.  He  wiabed  to  know  mmld  place  the  Irish  Roman  Cb- 
vh&t  had  been  done  in  the  iiit«rval  tbolic  uid  the  Irish  Protestant  on 
for  the  pacificatioD  of  that  country?  a  footing  of  complete  equality.  He 
Nothing,  absolutely  nothing.  The  also  proposed  to  turn  orer  to  the 
GoTerament  bad  again  suspended  oonsoUdated  fund  the  eurplue  re- 
the  Habeas  GorpiB  Act  for  li«-  Tenues  of  the  Irish  Chnroh,  as 
land,  and  yet  did  not  come  forward  proposed  by  Lord  Melbotune  in 
with  any  other  plan  for  ita  amalio-  1885  ;  and  farther  contended  that 
ration.  He  then  proceeded  (o  con-  until  that  was  done  nothine  like  a 
demn  in  the  stron^eM  terms  the  permanent  setUement  could  be  ez- 
condnct  of  the  English  Pailiament  pected  in  Ireland.  After  quoting 
to  Ireland,  contending  that  it  had  the  epeechee  of  Mr.  Ward,  Mr.  V. 
never  made  a  concession  to  that  Smith,  Mr.  M&caulay,  and  Lord  J, 
country  which  was  not  extorted  by  Russell,  in  1886,  and  subBequent 
fear,  and  withheld  until  it  naa  re-  years,  in  support  of  the  reduction 
ceived  with  scorn  and  contempt,  of  the  Irish  Chiuch,  Mr.  Osborne 
He  then  made  a  severe  onslaught  stated  his  opinion  that  language 
on  the  Whigs  for  having  qeoted  more  strong  and  argument  more 
Sir  B.  Peel  from  office  on  m  Goei^  conclusive  could  not  be  urged  in  de- 
cion  Bill,  and  for  havii^  failed  ft  fence  of  the  proposition  which  he 
performany  of  the  mighty  promises  had  just  announced.  He  thenadvo- 
in  which  they  hod  indulged  on  cated  the  throwing  opra  of  Trinity 
their  accession  to  power.  He  next  College,  Dublin,  tothe  Roman  Ca- 
entered  upon  the  question  of  the  tholics,  insisting  that  there  would 
Irish  ChoTcfa,  insisting  that  it  was  be  no  equality  in  Ireland  until  they 
the  cause  of  all  the  dissension  and  were  permitted  to  aspire  to  Soho- 
heartbuming  which  prevailed  in  laishtps  and  Fellowships  as  well 
Ireland.  It  was  at  the  root  of  all  as  Protestants.  He  denounced  the 
the  discord  of  that  country,  and  Irish  Poor  Law,  and  recommended 
there  would  be  no  peace  there  un-  systematic  colonization  as  the  best 
til  it  was  reduced  to  its  proper  di-  means  of  relieving  Irish  distress 
meneioDS.  He  referred  at  some  and  destitution.  He  complained 
length  to  one  of  the  old  plana  of  that  Ireland  was  governed  like  a 
Lord  J.  Russell  for  putting  the  colony.  It  had  a  mock  Sovereign, 
Irish  Church  on  a  proper  footing,  a  Brummagem  Court,  and  a  pinch- 
aad  defended  it  by  extracts  from  beck  Executive.  The  Home  Secre- 
the  report  of  the  Committee  of  taiy  waa  its  real  governor ;  and  the 
1834  on  the  revenues  of  the  result  was,  that  from  the  repeated 
church'  of  Ireland,  and  from  the  dionge  of  that  high  offioer  of  state 
speech  delivered  by  Lord  Morpeth  there  was  no  consistent  policy  pur- 
in  1830  in  defence  of  it  He  ad-  sued  in  that  country.  He  recom- 
mitted that  there  were  insuperable  mended  the  abolition  of  the  office 
objections  to  allowing  the  bishops  of  Lord  Lieutenant,  and  the  esta- 
of  thelrishRomanCatholicChurch  blisbment  of  a  fourth  Secretary  of 
to  sit  in  the  House  of  Lords,  but  State  for  the  government  of  that 
he  saw  no  objection  to  removing  ooantry.  He  likewise  suggested 
the  Irish  Protestant  bishops  from  that  from  time  to  time  the  Partia- 
that  House,  as  such  a  measure  ment  should  sit  in  Dublin,  and 
would  conduce  tothe  respectability  that  Her  M^esty  should  pay  a  visit 
of    the    Protestant    Church,  and  to  that  country  once  a  year.     Such 


EngUuui.]                      HISTORY.  [113 

A  nsit  would  aooii  make  the  star  of  epokea    in     believing    that    the 

the  fOng  of  Munster  "pale  its  in-  tune  of  the  Ministry  \Tould  come 

efEecioal  fire."  (and  I  care  not  what  Ministry  it 

The  debate  was  then  wyourned,  maj  bo)  when  public  opinion    in 

and  was  renewed  at  considerable  this  country,  having  altered  through 

length  on  Qie  following  da;.  Little  longer  experience,  will  enable   a 

matter  ofnovelty.however,  was  con-  matured  and  well-considered  plan 

Uined  in  the  speeches  on  either  to  be  brought   forward  by  such 

side.     The  most  remarkable  fear  Ministry,  and  to  receive  the  sanc- 

tnrea  of  the  debate  were  the   de-  tjon  of  Parliament.     I   hope  we 

claratiouB  made  by  the  Home  Se-  are  not  too  sanguine  in  the  expec- 

cretai7,  andbytheSecretaryforIre-  tation  that  that  time  is  not  &r 

land,  on  the  Irish  Church  question,  distant :    J  for  one  shall  hail  its 

Sir  Geoive  Grey  said,  '■  I  am  arrival,  and,  whether  in  office  or 
not  prepared  to  deny,  but  affirm,  out  of  office,  no  one  will  be  more 
that  the  existence  of  an  exclusive  ready  than  myself  to  conciu:  in 
Protestant  church  in  Ireland  (the  any  practical  plan  for  the  accmn- 
Protestant  Episcopalians  being  a  plishment  of  what  I  believe  would 
small  minority  only  of  the  popula-  be  a  great  benefit  to  Ireland." 
ti(»t)  is  an  anomaly  which  I  think  Sir  William  Somerville  agreed 
unjustifiable  in  its  origin, and  inde-  with  Sir  George  Grey,  both  as  to 
fensible  now.  I  know  no  other  what  it  was  desiiable  to  do,  and 
country  in  Europe  in  which  the  as  to  the  difficulty  of  doing  it. 
same  experiment  has  been  made —  Whenever  a  plan  should  be 
in  which  the  same  attempt  has  brought  forward  for  putting  the 
been  carried  out ;  and  I  am  quite  Establishment  in  Ireland  on  a  pro- 
prepared  to  say  that  the  wisdom  per  footing,  he  would  give  his 
aitd  policy  of  the  attempt  in  Ire-  support  to  the  motion  by  whom- 
land  might  be  judged  of  by  its  re-  soever  it  was  proposed.  The  task 
suits.  I  think  it  an  unfortunate  of  those  who  devised  such  a  plan 
dronmstance,  materially  afiecting  should  be,  not  to  demolish,  but  to 
the  peace  of  Ireland  and  the  iacility  construct  What  was  wanted  was, 
with  which  the  Government  can  be  that  all  classes  should  be  put  on  a 
carried  on  there,  that  the  Roman  footing  of  equality,  and  that  no 
Catholic  clergy  of  the  people  of  heartburnings  or  Jealousies  should 
Ireland  are  dependent  for  sub-  be  allowed  to  exist.  Whenever 
sistence  on  the  precarious  con-  that  task  was  undertaken,  it  ought 
tributions  of  their  flocks.  I  to  be  undertaken  in  a  confiding 
supported  the  Maynooth  Bill  not  spirit.  There  should  be  no  corn- 
only  because  the  principle  was  just  promising,  no  bargaining,  but  right 
on  which  it  vras  founded,  for  im-  should  be  done ;  and  ne  agreed 
proving  the  means  of  education  for  with  those  who  thought  that,  when 
the  Roman  Catholic  clergy,  but  be-  right  was  done  in  this  matter,  more 
cause  it  involved  the  first  recogni-  would  be  effected  towards  laying  the 
tion  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  foundations  of  peace,  happiness,  and 
in  Ireland,  and  because  I  had  tranquillity  in  Ireland,  than  could 
hoped  that  it  would  lead  to  further  be  done  by  any  other  measure, 
measures."  ...  "I  very  much  Lord  John  Russell  also,  in  an- 
Bgree  with  some  Members  wbo  have  swer  to  some  remarks  made  by  Mr. 

Voi.  XC.  [I] 


114]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  lEnghmd. 

NflwdegaU,  expressed  his  views  to  &voar  of  the  principle   of  ererj 

the  same  effect     In  reference  to  man  p&fing  his  own  clergyman, 

some  misinterpretation  vhich  bad  jiist  as  he  paid  his  own  doctor.  Mr. 

been  pot  upon  his    langoage,  he  Grace  waa  sorry  tliat  the  Gorem- 

aaid  that  he  had  never  stated  that  ment  should  have  raised  bo  manT 

he    oonsidered     the    Established  hopes,  and  done  so  tittle  to  satisfy 

Chorch  in  Ireland  as  a  national  them.    After  a  short  speech  from 

grievance.     What  he  had  stated  Mr.  Qrattan,  the  House  divided. 


was,  that  he  thought  the  endow- 
ment of  the  clergy  of  a  minori^  of 
the  people,  where  there  was  no  en- 
dowment of  the  clergy  of  the  ma- 
jority, was  a  just  subject  of  com- 
plaint to  the  people  of  Ireland. 

The  motion  was  opposed  by  Mar 
jor  Blackall  and  by  Mr.  Clements, 
though  the  latter  felt  for  many 
reasons  inclined  to  support  it. 


when  there  appeared— 

For    Mr.  S.    Crawford's 

Resolution    .    .    .    .    iU 
Against  it 100 

Mtyority  against  the  Motion  76 

We  referred,  at  the  oommenoe- 
ment  of  this  chapter,  to  the  bill 


Mr.  M.  J.  O'Oonnell  made  a  con-  for  facilitating  the  transfer  of  I 

ciliatoiy  speech,  but  said  he  would  cumbered  Estates,  a  measure  of 

vote  for  the  mo^on,  as  a  proper  re-  which  the  object  was  uniTersally 

buke  to  the  GoTemment  and  the  admitted    to    be    most  denrable. 


X  Scrope  chineiT  to  the  desired  result  1 
quoted  passages  from  some  of  the  been  deemed  questionable.  It  was 
organs  of  the  Repeal  party  to  show  originally  introduced  in  the  House 
that  the  Landlord  and  Tenant  of  Lords  by  the  Lord  Chancellor, 
question  was  the  root  of  all  Irish  at  an  early  period  of  the  Session, 
discontent.  He  advocated  a  scheme  and  the  second  reading  was  moved 
for  the  reclamatjon  of  waste  lands,  on  the  24th  February.  In  re- 
Colonel  Donne  approved  of  the  commending  the  measure  to  the 
spirit  of  the  motion,  but  could  not  House,  the  noble  and  learned  Lord 
consent  at  this  juncture  to  press  observed  that,  unfortunately  for 
on  Government  the  oonsideradon  Ireland,  the  Ivided  property  there, 
of  all  the  remedies  suggested.  to  a  large  extant,  was  in  a  aitua- 
Sir  Denham  Norreys  expressed  tion  not  only  detrimental  to  those 
disappointment  at  the  speech  of  who  bad  an  interest  in  land,  but 
Lord  John  Russell.  That  of  Sir  also  most  injurious  to  the  commu- 
George  Grey  held  out  more  hope  nity  at  large;  and,  therefore,  the 
of  a  settlement  of  the  Church  importaooe  of  any  measure  in- 
question,  Mr.  Feargos  O'Connor  tended  to  remedy  acknowledged 
censured  the  Irish  landlords  for  evils  in  respeot  to  this  matter 
pusillanimity,  and  contended  that,  if  would  be  admitted.  The  great 
they  did  their  duty,  they  might  pat  evil  with  respect  to  landed  pro- 
anend  toalt  themiseriesof  Irelsnd.  perty  in  Irehuid  was,  that  a  very 
Mr.  Newdegate  and  Mr.  Stafford  large  portion  of  it  was  heavily 
criticized  the  Ministerial  declara*  encumbered  by  mortgages,  charges, 
tioDs  respecting  the  Irish  Church,  and  other  interests,  so  that  the 
Mr.  Reynolds  avowed  himself  in  ostensible   owner    in  some  oases 


^-f^^A]  HISTORY.  [115 

eonld  faardlj  be  aaid  to  faave  any  purchasing  land  without  poaseBung 

estate  in  the  land  at  all.    He  con-  capital  Euifficient  for  its  improTS- 

seqnently  was  not  in  a  oonditjon  meat,  and,  under  the  altered  oon- 

to  improTe  the  estate  b;  finding  dition  of  the  relations  of  landed 

employment  at  the  eame  time  for  proprietors  towards  their  tenants, 

the  population.      It  ma  impoe-  towards  each  other,  and  towards 

ubie  for  a  landlord  whose  income  the    community   at   large,    thej 

•rising  from  his  landed  estate  was  would  be    presented  with    every 

intercepted     by    mortgages     and  temptation  to   improve    the  oon- 

other    chaises    to  perform  those  dition  of  tlieir  estates.     Although 

doties   which   a  landlord  shoold  these  olgeots  were  of  great  and 

discharge.     This  was  a  most  in>  paramount  importance,  yet  he  was 

jnrious    state   of    things    for    all  as  iiillj  aware  as  anj  noble  lord 

classes,  and  the  existing  state  of  in  that  House   could  be,  that  it 

the    law    afforded    no    sufficient  wonid  be  impossible  to  e&iect  the 

means  for  removing  the  difficulty,  proposed    alteration    of  the   law 

Scarcely  any  one  who  had  at  any  without  doing  much  that  might  be 

time  turned  his  attention  to  aub-  considered  inconsiBteat  with  the 

C)  of  this  nature  would  fail  to  rights  of  property.  But  he  would 
w  that  the  interest  paid  for  a^,  why  should  the  interests  of 
money  invested  in  land  could  not  the  community  at  large,  as  well  as 
be  compared  with  the  interest  the  interests  of  indifidusls,  be 
derived  from  capital  engaged  in  disregarded  for  the  sake  of  main- 
other  punuita;  and  it  was  equally  taining  mere  abstract  rights, 
well  hnown  that  from  many  estates  which  in  the  existing  state  of  so- 
in  Ireland  no  income  whatever  ciety  in  Ireland  led  to  great  prao- 
was  derived — that  was  to  say,  the  tical  iqjnstice?  In  the  case  of 
whole  proceeds  of  the  estate  were  land  purchased  for  the  use  of  rail- 
■beorfoed  by  the  incumbrancee ;  ways  no  such  hesitation  was  felt^ 
yet,  if  the  owners  of  those  estates  no  such  injustice  was  made  the 
were  enabled  to  convert  them  into  subject  of  complaint.  He  admit- 
money,  the  balance,  or  residue,  ted  there  was  extreme  difficulty  in 
coming  to  such  owners  would  often  carrying  into  effect  all  the  objects 
be  of  considerable  amount,  and  which  the  framera  of  the  Bill  pro- 
would,  if  prudently  invested,  yield  posed  to  accompliah.  It  was  true 
handsome  incomes.  Of  course,  no  tliat  in  the  simple  case  of  mort- 
one  would  wish  to  see  the  mort-  gagor  and  mortgagee  nothing  re- 
gagora  loee  their  estates;  on  die  mained  to  be  done  but  to  sell  the 
conlrBiy,  the  purpose  of  the  Bill  land,  pay  the  mortgagee,  and  let 
was  to  eiuthle  the  owners  of  in-  the  owner  of  the  estato  receive 
cumbered  estates  to  dispose  of  the  surplus  of  the  purchase- 
them  to  advantage,  and  to  invest  money.  But  such  a  condition  of 
the  proceeds  of  those  estates  in  a  affairs  formed  the  exception,  not 
beneficial  manner.  By  changes  the  rale ;  generally,  the  condition 
of  that  kind  persona  of  no  capital  of  an  estate  presented  more  corn- 
would  cease  to  be  the  nominal  plexity;  hence  extreme  difficulty 
proprietors  of  land,  and  the  real  and  embarrassment  arose  in  deal- 
masters  of  the  soil  would  then  ing  with  the  conflicting  claims  of 
become  the  ostensible  owners,  the  various  parties  interested.  In 
Such  persuDB  would  not  think  of  framing  the  Bill  every  possible 
[I  2]  ,  . 


116]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

core  was  taken  to  guard  agUDSt  expectationa  of  the  effects  of  the 

what  might  be  called  the  absence  measure.    The  nnmber  of  cases  in 

of  parties ;  and  in  eveiy  possible  which  its  operation  would  be  felt 

case  provision  was  made  that  every  he  thought  wonld  be  small ;   firat, 

person    interested    in    an    estate  because  its  proTisions  were  to  be 

should   be   entitled   to  notice  re-  carried  out  by  the  Court  of  Ghan- 

spectJng  any  steps  that  m^ht  be  cer^r ;  next,  because  persons  were 

taken  with  a  Tiew  to  its  sale,  the  apt  to  be  slow  in  coming  to  a  con- 

oonduct  of  the  affiiir  being  placed  victjon  of  the  necessity  of  parting 

in  the  hands  of  a  Uaster  in  Chan-  with  their  estates, 

oery,  assisted   by  a  jperson  who  Lord    Stanley  concurred    with 

should  be  appointed  for  that  pur-  those  who  thought  the  evil  to  be 

poae    by    the   Attorney- General ;  remedied  one  of  great  and  over- 

and,  as  he  had  already  said,  no-  whelming  magnitude  in  Ireland, 

thing  would  be  done  without  full  The  position  of  those  landlords 

notice  to  every  one  ooncemed,  the  in    Ireland    who    nominally   bad 

Master  in  Gumceiy  and  the  per-  10,000/.  or  12,0001.  a  year,  while 

son  ^ipointed  by  the  Attorney-  they  did  not  really  possess  more 

Oenetal    being    bound   to  watch  than  so  many  hundreds,  was  very 

over  the  interests  of  all  parties,  inoonvenient.    In  consequence  oF 

He  wonld  repeat  that  every  pos-  the  inability  of  those  proprietoia 

rible  guard  had  been  introduced  to  perform  their  duties,  very  erro- 

into  the  Bill  to  render  it  next  to  neous  ideas  had  been  formed  of 

impossible  that  the    money  paid  their  disposition  to  do  it.    He  was 

into  Court    should  ever  go    into  not  personally  interested  in   the 

wrong    hands.      The    noble    and  measure — {A  laugh) — but  he  anti- 

leamed  lord   then   concluded   by  cipated  considerable  difficulties  in 

moving  that  the  Bill  be  read  a  carrying  port  of  it  into  effect.  The 

second  time.  noble  and  learned  lord  had  doubt- 

The  Eari  of  Roden  expressed  less  paid  great  attention   to  the 

his  approval  of  the  Bill.    The  land  provisions  by  which  the  powers  of 

of  Indaud  never  oould  support  its  the  Bill  were  guarded ;   and  he 

poor  unless  the  owners  of  the  soil  hoped  some  time  would  be  allowed 

were    placed    in    the  position  of  to  elapse  before  they  were  called 

being  masters  of  their  own  pro-  on  to  agree  to  the  details.     There 

perty.     He  trusted  such  a  mea-  would  be  great  difGculty  in  dealing 

sure  would   be  passed  as  would  with   estates    that  were    divided, 

enable  persons  to  sell  their  estates.  Incumbrances    on    Irish    estates 

creating  a  class  of  real  owners  in-  were   often    created    without   the 

stead  of  men  nominally  possessing  consent  of  the  owner ;  all   these 

thousands  a  year,  while  they  were  incumbrances  were  to  be  referred 

in  reality  almoat  paupers.  to  the  Master;  the  expense  was 

Earl  Fitzwiltiam  did  not  mean  not  thrown  on  the  parties  demand- 
to  express  disapprobation  of  the  iug  the  proceedings,  but  on  the 
Bill.     Indeed  he  could  not  see  estate  itself. 

any  reason  why  it  should  be  li-  Lord  Campbell  said  the  great 

mitsd  to  Ireland.      At  the  same  object  of  the  Bill  was  to  cheapen 

time  he  thought  it  right  to  guard  and  shorten  the  proceedings  in  the 

the    House     and     the    country  Court  of  Chancery.    One  of  the 

against   entartaining  exaggerated  sections  gave  a  sort  of  Parliament- 


Eitffland] 


HISTORY. 


[117 


aiy  title  to  purchasers  of  eetatee. 
TiOoa  in  Ireland  were  in  a  most 
deplorable  condition.  There  vas 
not  tliere,  as  in  England,  a  set  of 
laivvera  who  devoted  themaelvea 
b>  the  law  of  real  property.  Most 
able  lawyera  there  were  in  Ireland, 
but  no  couTByancers,  who  looked 
specially^  into  titles.  Although  he 
yns  a  creat  ^end  to  registration, 
in  Ireland  the  registers  were  ex- 
ceedingly bad,  and,  instead  of 
cleariug  up  titles  and  making 
them  more  certain,  often  inTolved 
them  in  inextricable  confusion. 
This  Bill  would  give  titles  that 
would  be  good  agcunst  all  the 
world,  and  the  purchasers  of 
estates  under  it  would  have  a 
title  vhich  notLing  could  affect. 
He  hoped  the  Bill  would  meet 
with  their  lordships'  approbation, 
lor  he  was  satisfied  that  it  would 
prove  of  ^eet  benefit  to  the  part 
of  the  United  Kingdom  for  which 
it  was  intended. 

Lord  Uonteagle  sold,  that,  so  far 
from  the  principle  of  this  Bill  being 
objected  to  by  the  landed  proprie- 
tors in  Ireland,  it  met  vriui  their 
entire  approval.  But  there  vras  an 
inconvenience  which  would  arise 
bom  the  Bill  in  its  present  state 
which,  he  thought,  required  coo- 
radenttion,  and  might  be  remedied 
without  violating  the  principle  of 
die  measure.  It  did  not  prevent  a 
middleman  who  held  land  with  a 
condition  against  sub-letting  or  di- 
viding the  land,  putting  a  charge 
upon  it  for  children,  and  upon  hia 
death  the  children  became  incum' 
braucers,  and  the  result  might  be 
that  the  middleman's  interest 
would  be  split  into  parts,  und  the 
object  of  the  Bill  defeated.  He  was 
glad  to  learn  Uiat  the  object  of  the 
Bill  was  to  cheapen  and  curtail  pro- 
ceedings in  Chancery  ;  but,  unless 
something  was  done  to  reform  the 


proceedings  in  the  Alaater's  office, 
sufficient  relief  would  not  be  af- 
forded. 

The  Bill  was  then  read  a  second 
time,  and  passed  the  Lords  with 
little  further  discussion.  In  the 
House  of  Commons,  however,  it  un- 
derwent considerable  debate  and 
some  material  alteration  in  its  pro- 
visions. After  long  delay  it  came 
on  for  discussion  in  Committee  on 
the  4th  July.  Sir  Lucius  O'Brien 
moved  that  it  be  an  instruction  to 
the  Committee  to  extend  the  ope- 
ration of  the  Bill  to  England  end 
Scotland.  He  complained  of  the 
conduct  of  the  Government  in  re- 
ference to  the  Bill,  and  of  some  of 
the  provisions  of  the  measure  itMlf. 
The  Bill  proposed  to  invest  cre- 
ditors who  held  security  over  Irish 
estates  with  powers  over  those 
estates  which  creditors  did  not  poe- 
sess  in  England  or  Scotland.  Pro- 
perly modified,  the  Irish  landlords 
would  accept  it;  but  they  would 
not  do  so  in  its  present  shape ;  and, 
in  order  to  teat  its  goodness  for 
Ireland,  he  proposed  its  application 
also  to  England  and  Scotland,  as  it 
must  be  equally  good  for  them  if 
good  at  all.  At  present  it  was 
founded  on  the  most  unconstitu- 
tional principles.  Clause  30  would 
enable  a  tenant  for  life,  without 
reference  to  the  extent  of  his  en- 
cumbmnce,  and  behind  the  back  of 
any  person  entitled  in  remainder,  to 
sell  the  whole  ancient  family  man- 
sion and  appurtenances ;  to  do  this 
for  an  inadequate  price ;  and  to  ob- 
tain the  purchase- money  from  the 
Bank  of  Ireland  at  his  pleasure. 
It  in  fact  repealed  the  law  of  entail ; 
which,  whethera  rightlaw  or  wrong 
law,  was  one  incorporated  with  all 
thepresentsystem.  and  was  the  basis 
of  Uie  titles  and  honours  that  one 
generation  transmitted  to  another. 
By  clause   3,  every  creditor — no 


118] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[England. 


matter  the  amount  of  fais  claim — 
oould  force  the  land  of  his  debtor 
into  the  market. 

In  passing,  Sir  Lucius  stood 
forward  as  the  apologist  of  Irish 
landlords  —  a  much  •calumniated 
race.  None  were  better  educated, 
more  capable  of  tranaacdng  bosi- 
ness,  or  more  intent  on  doing  their 
duty.  But  tlie  state  of  the  law  was 
such  Bs  to  drive  them  to  measures 
of  apparent  hardship.  Sir  Lucius 
spoke  from  experience,  and  after 
losing  hundreds  of  pounds.  If  he 
built  a  house  in  a  Triage  and  put  a 
man  into  it  te  live  there  comfort- 
ably, it  might  be  two  or  three  jean 
before  he  got  that  house  again  inte 
his  possession,  though  the  tenant 
would  pay  no  rent.  Three  or  four 
years  would  elapse  before  one  could 
get  quit  of  a  panper :  instead  of  a 
oomnirtable  cottage  such  as  it 
waa  at  first,  the  cottage  came  back 
in  a  Tery  different  condition  ;  and, 
were  such  a  case  to  occur  on  his 
property,  in  that  House  he  should 
have  his  £ur  name  taralshed.  Until 
adequate  power  were  given  to  the 
landlords  m  such  cases,  the  country 
would  continue  to  present  such  bar- 
barous scenes  as  it  now  exhibited. 

The  Solicitor  General  vindicated 
the  measure.  He  said  the  object  of 
the  Bill  was  to  make  land  a  market- 
able commodity  in  Ireland.  From 
various  returns  which  had  been 
made,  it  appeared  that  there  was 
an  abundance  of  capital  in  Ireland, 
and  that  even  during  the  late 
,  &mine  capital  was  constantly  coming 
thence  for  profitable  inveBtment  in 
this  country,  Government  had  the 
admiHsion  of  all  parties  to  the  fact 
as  unquestionable,  that  iiland  could 
be  sold  in  reasonably  small  pieces 
in  Ireland,  there  waa  abundance  of 
capital  which  would  be  applied  in 
making  such  purchases.  The  pre- 
sent Bill  aimed  at  facilitating  such 


investments  and  purchaaes.  The 
Solicitor-General  explained  in  some 
detail  the  complex  and  coetly  but 
etilt  ine£Bcient  system  of  registra- 
tion of  encumbrances  now  in  force 
in  Ireland.  It  was  proposed  to  ena- 
ble owners  of  encumbered  eatetes 
to  sell  their  land  and  subatituU 
money  in  place  of  it,  sul^ect  to  all 
the  interests  and  encumbrances 
that  previouly  affected  the  laud. 
This  waa  provided  forin  two  ways : 
by  a  compulsory  sale  made  under 
the  order  of  the  Irish  Court  of 
Ghanociy — a  power  being  given  to 
the  Court  to  deal  with  sudi  cases 
by  referring  them  to  a  Master  and 
afterwards  summarily  directing  the 
sale ;  and  by  empowering  owners 
of  encumbered  land  to  sell  that 
land,  and  give  with  it  a  Parliamen- 
tary title.  In  addition,  a  third 
mode  had  been  added-— that  of  a 
sate  by  "consent;"  which,  as  the 
Bill  provided,  might  take  placsin  all 
cases  where  all  the  persons  inte- 
rested in  the  estate  consented  to  its 
sale  and  had  given  proper  notices. 
Tbe  parties  receiving  notice  of  sale 
would  be  enabled,  by  application  to 
the  Court,  to  show  sufficient  cause 
for  forbidding  the  sale  ;  and.  in  fur- 
ther precaution,  no  Parliamentary 
title  madebythe  Bill  would  be  inde- 
feasible till  the  lapse  of  five  years 
after  the  sale :  during  those  five 
years  the  proof  of  fraud  or  colln- 
sion  would  make  the  sale  vuid  as 
against  all  persons  connected  with 
the  fraud. 

The  present  measure  was  not  in- 
tended to  interfere  with  variouB 
other  measures  for  the  relief  of 
Ireland,  and  would  not  be  incorpo- 
rated with  any  measure  on  Uie 
question  of  landlord  and  tenant 

Mr.  Napier  urged  objections  to 
the  Bill,  us  altered  from  the  shape 
in  which  it  left  the  House  of 
Lords. 


^naiMMd.-] 


HISTORY, 


[119 


Th«  encambnucer  he  said,  ma 
duly  cared  for  hj  its  proTisioas, 
bat  the  remainder-  man  under ikmilj 
MtUementa  would  be  improteoted ; 
for  his  onlj  remedy  agsioat  fraud 
or  a  depietdatJOD  of  the  value 
of  hie  interest  woold  be  a  suit 
in  equity.  Ab  to  the  new  mode 
of  sale,  without  the  i«iet  of  the 
Court  of  Chaucen  after  uotioee  in 
the  Gazette  and  daewhere,  nobody 
read  the  noticee  in  the  Gazette, 
and  the  party  really  entitled  might 
be  an  absentee,  ui  infant,  or  erwi 
an  oobom  child,  and  yet  the  title 
vaa  to  be  indoTeaaibte  after  five 
years. 

Mr.  Monsell  supported  the  mea- 
sure as  the  only  hope  for  the  mise- 
rable tenants  of  encumbered  estates 
in  Ireland.  He  entreated  the 
House  to  carry  it  into  a  law  with 
all  convenient  speed.  Mr.  Osborne 
characterized  the  amendment  as  a 
poi^  subterfuge  to  defeat  a  use- 
nil  and  practical  measure.  He 
warmly  supported  the  bill,  as  cal- 
culated to  luse  the  Tolue  of  land 
in  Ireland,  and,  what  was  of  much 
greater  consequence,  to  increase 
the  cereal  produce  in  that  countiy. 
He  criticised,  bovever,  some  parts 
of  the  mschinery  of  the  measure, 
paitdcuUrlj  the  repeated  references 
which  it  required  to  the  Master's 
office  in  the  Irish  Court  of  Chan- 
cery—the delay,  expense,  and  chi- 
canery of  which  were  such  that  no 
man  would  desire  to  see  its  buai- 
neas  increased.  Mr.  Osborne 
stated  his  opinion  that  nothing 
would  attain  the  desired  end  but 
the^pointmentof  CotnmissioneiB) 
with  all  necesaaiy  powers  to  cany 
out  the  Bill.  He  had  employed 
two  legal  gentlemen,  one  of  them 
an  eminent  conveyancer,  to  look 
into  the  Bill ;  and  they  held  out  no 
bopee  to  him  that  die  transfer  of 
the  land    could   be    made   more 


cheaply  under  its  prov idons.  On 
the  genera]  polioy  of  the  Bill  Mr. 
Osborne  spoke  in  much  more  fa- 
vourable terms.  Eveiy  day's  expe- 
rience convinced  him,  that  if  they 
wished  to  save  Ireland  they  must  do 
someii^nstioetoeffectagreatdealof 
public  good;  and,  unless  they  altered 
the  laws  affecting  property  in  Ire- 
land and  that  too  in  a  very  summaiy 
way,  they  would  have  no  properly 
left  in  that  oountrj.  By  the  pre* 
sent  operation  of  the  Stamp  Duties, 
small  puichaBes  of  land  could  not 
be  effected  in  Ireland  ;  and,  if  they 
wished  (o  encourage  small  pur- 
chases oi  land,  they  most  first  idter 
their  Stamp  Duties.  It  was  no- 
toiions  that  the  state  of  society  in 
Ireland  was  diseased,  and  that  the 
laws  respecting  land  were  at  the 
bottem  of  the  mischief.  The  resi- 
dent aiistooraoy,  whose  estates  wwe 
heavily  mortgaged,  were  obliged  by 
their  position  to  do  harsh  and  selfish 
acts;  and  the  greatest  boon  to  them 
would  be  a  Bill  enabling  them  to 
sell  the  whole  or  a  portion  of  their 
estates,  for  they  could  not  possibly 
discharge  the  dtitaes  o!  their  pre- 
sent situation. 

Mr.  Sadleir  approved  of  the  just 
and  valuable  principle  of  the  Bill ; 
that  it  oonferred  on  the  tenant  for 
life  a  power  to  dispose  of  the  in- 
heritance in  satisfaction  of  debts 
and  incumtxanoes ;  but  he  gave  a 
qualified  oppositioD  to  its  details 
and  machinery,  and  offered  some 
suggestions  of  his  own  for  efEsctiiig 
its  olyeots  more  perfectly. 

Sir  James  Graham  expressed 
his  gratitude  to  the  Solicitor  Gene- 
ral f<:«  his  valuable  exertions  in 
perfecting  the  details  of  this  mea- 
sure. Hia  dread  bad  been  that 
l^al  Bcruples  and  pnijudicee  would 
be  too  much  considered  in  the 
amending  of  the  Bill,  and  that  too 
little  regard  would  be  paid  to  the 


120]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

"peculiar   circa meUnCBS  existing  the  balance  of  the  sale    of   the 

in  Ireland."     But  he  heard  with  esl&tes.     For  unquestioRabl;  their 

great  pleasure  a  speech  from  a  gen-  estates  ought  at  once  to  be  brought 

ueman  bearing  the  name  of  Ro-  to  market  *  *  »  I  consider  thebill, 

millj — worthj  of  a  lawyer,  but  not  asamendedby  the  Solicitor  General, 

exclusively  of  a  lawyer — a  speech  well  adapted  to  secure  the  interests 

combining    with    extensive    legal  of  the  owner  in  poseesaion,  the  heirs, 

knowledge    large    political   views  the  remainder  men,  and  the  credi- 

well  worthj  of  the  sul^ect  han-  tors.     If  there  should  be  any  im- 

dled.  perfection  in  the  measure,  espe- 

Od  the  broad  principleand  policy  cially  as  to  securing  the  sale  of  the 

of  the  measure  Sir  James  made  property  at  its  full  value,  I  shall 

this    declaration    amidst   general  be  ready  to  remove  that  imperfeo- 

cheering—"  I  think  it  is  absolutely  tion.    I  am  most  anxioos  that  the 

necessary   that    every    encourage-  full  value  of  the  property  should 

ment  and  facility  should  be  given  be  secured;  that  no  sudden  orpre- 

b>  the  subdivision  of  land  in  Ire-  dpitate  sale  should  be  forced  on, 

land ;    and  that  the  opportunity  so  that  the  value  of  the  land  should 

most  favourable  for  eSbcbng  this  is  be  depreciated  by  a  larger  qaantity 

when  land  is  brought  to  sale.  I  am  being  brought  eimultaneously  into 

most  anxious  to  reunite  to  the  soil  the  market  than  the  demand  re- 

of  Ireland    the  Roman    GathoUo  quires.    I  am  also,  for  the  sake  of 

nulatdon  of  that  cotmtry.  That  Uie  tenants  in  possession,  desirous 
elieve  to  be  one  of  the  most  that  care  be  taken  that  there  shall 
efficacious  means  of  insuring  the  not  be  a  mortgagee  panic,  which 
safety  of  Ireland,  and  of  forming  would  be  fatal  to  the  measure, 
and  strengthening  the  bond  of  But,  under  the  present  circum- 
nnion  between  the  two  oountriss.  stances  of  Ireland,  you  must  not 
During  a  long  period  of  exclusion  be  guided  by  caution  only ;  you 
and  inequality  of  rights,  the  Roman  must  not  take  your  steps  timidly, 
CathoUcs  of  Ireland  have  by  iudns-  but  boldly,  at  ue  same  time  pm- 
try  accumulated  capital,  which  I  dently  :  for  the  period  has  arrived 
believe  they  are  not  trnwilliog  to  when  witli  respect  to  this  sub- 
invest  in  the  purchase  of  the  land  ject  something  decisive  must  be 
of    Ireland.       Unfortunatetyi   the  done." 

laige  estates  held  by  right  of  con>  The  Bill  did  not  pass  diioagh  its 

fisration,  in  the  bands  of  Protes-  ulteriorstages  without  encountering 

tanta,  have  become  deeply  eucum-  some  further  criticism  and  hostility, 

bered.    By  reason  of  these  encum-  Mr.  N^ier  moved  that  it  be  re- 

brances,  the  nominal  owners  of  the  committed  for  the  purpose  of  strik- 

eetates    cannot  in   ^1    instances  ing  out  all  the  clauses  added  by 

do  that  which  it  is  their  wish  the  Solicitor  General  since  it  came 

and  their  duty  to  do.      I  would  down  from  the  Lords.    The  Soli- 

relieve    them    from   the   painful  citor  General  vindicated  the  provi- 

posiUon  in  whkh  they  stand,  and  sions  which  Mr.  Napier  had  ob- 

would    give    them    every  facility  jected  to,  and  the  general  policy  of 

to  release  themselves  from  their  the  Bill. 

debts.    Their  creditors  should  in  He  maintained,  in  the  first  place, 

the  first  place  be  secured,  and  then  that  the  peculiar  position  of  pro- 

their  families  provided  for  out  of  perty  iu  Iceland  justified  the  resort 


prac 


Eniil^.-\                  HISTOEY.  [121 

to  proTisions  vhich  at  first  eight  agreeing  in  substance  with   Mr. 

might  seem  sarprisiug ;   but,  on  Henlej  as  to  the  principle  of  the 

the  other  hand,  there  was  not  a  Bill. 

provision  in  the  present  Bill  that  Mr.  Monsell  sCrongly  Bupported 
was  not  justified  b;  precedent  in  the  Bill.  He  said  it  would  be  ab- 
thia  country  as  well  as  the  sound-  surd  to  stick  at  technicalities  in 
eat  policy.  In  this  country  the  the  present  wretched  condition  of 
iracCical  result  under  every  well-  the  tenants  of  encumbered  eatatee. 
1  settlement  was,  that  the  The  Bill  was  also  supported  hj  Mr. 
it  for  life  could  sell  an  encum-  P.  Wood,  Mr.  Fagan,  and  Mr.  C. 
bered  estate :  this  Bill  gave  that  Villiera.  Opposed  by  Mr.  New- 
power  in  Ireland,  but  under  the  degate  and  M^jor  Blackall.  On  a 
guard  that  the  tenant  could  not  division  the  amendmeut  was  nega- 
make  encumbrances  to  bring  about  tived  by  197  to  5S.  It  was  then 
a  sale — for  he  could  not  sell  on  ac-  read  a  third  time, 
count  of  his  own  encumbrancee —  The  amendments  made  in  the 
and  that  the  title  was  not  tube  inde-  House  of  Commons  having  been 
liMsible  till  after  five  years.  This  remitted  for  consideration  to  the 
term  of  limitation  had  a  precedent  House  of  Lorde,  the  Lord  Cban- 
iD  the  Land  Clauses  Consolidation  cellor,  on  the  31st  July,  proposed 
Act.  He  proposed  to  add  a  pro-  the  adoption  of  them,  as  materially 
vision  that  every  person  interested  conducing  to  the  efflcieocy  of  the 
in  remainder  under  settlement  measure.  He  expressed  his  opi- 
should  have  personal  notice  of  sale,  nion  of  the  proceedings  in  Courts 
He  also  proposed  to  provide  that  of  £quity  in  significant  terms. 
the  Lord-Lieutenant  should  have  He  entertained  great  respect  for 
power  to  appoint  serveyors  to  esti-  the  Court  of  Chancery,  but  would 
mate  estates  sold  under  the  Bill,  not  willingly  enter  that  Court  as  a 
and  to  see  that  proper  prices  were  suitor,  nor  advise  his  friend  to  do 
paid.  so  j  in  his  opinion,  therefore,  the 
Sir  John  Roinilly  ended  bjr  ob'  power  of  sale  without  the  inter* 
serving  that  the  creation  of  a  middle  veution  of  the  Court  of  Chancery 
classinlrelandoouldnotbeeffected  was  a  Valuable  addition  to  the 
till  land  in  portions  of  100  acres  Bill. 

each  was  mode  easily  purchaseable.  Lord  Stanley  entered  into  a  de- 
He  would  not  be  indisposed  to  ek-  tailed  examination  of  the  additions 
tend  a  similar  Bill  to  England.  that  had  been  made  to  the  Bill,  and 
Mr.  Sadleir  supported  the  amend-  condemned  them  as  constituting,  in 
ment.  Colonel  Dunne  added  fact,  a  new  measure  since  the  Bill 
some  objectdons  to  those  uned  by  was  last  in  that  House.  He  would 
the  other  opponents.  Mr.  Henley  move,  if  any  one  would  support 
thought  tluit  the  Bill  struck  at  him,  that  the  Bill  be  referred  hack 
the  root  of  all  property  i  the  ma'  to  a  Select  Committee.  Lord 
duDsry  must  be  either  unjust  or  Monteagle  expressed  hia  reluctance 
nogatoi;.  The  best  way  to  im'  to  oppose  the  Bill ;  but  it  was  so 
prove  Ireland  was  to  give  increased  completely  altered  by  the  Oom- 
security  to  life  and  property.  mens,  that  he  concurred  in  the  de- 
Mr.  Stuart  entered  into  a  de-  sire  for  a  reference  to  a  Select 
tuled  legal  criticism  of  the  clauses,  Committee,  in  order  to  procure  the 


122] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.       [England. 


opinions  of  Irish  lawyers  on  the  smendmenta.    On  a  diTision  the 

new  claufies.    The  Earls  of  Ellen-  House  resolved,  by  97  to  1 0,  to 

borough  and  Gtengall  concurred,  consider  the   amendments:    and 

The  Earla  of  Wicklow  and  Devon,  they  were  agreed  to  without  fut^ 

the  Marquis  of   Laosdowne   and  iherco&teat. 
Xjord     Langdale    3a|>ported    the 


;«.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


SngbE^d.]  HISTORY.  [123 


CHAPTER  V. 

DoKEsno  AryMBS — Extraordinary  TrtmquiUity  of  thi*  Country 
'  dunnjf  the  Contmental  Btvolutiom — Attaitpti  made  by  the  Chartut* 
to  disturb  the  Peact—Demonttration  of  the  lOth  of  April,  and  iti 
hamdeu  ReeuU—EseceUeTit  moral  Effect  produced  thirAy — Ditor- 
derly  Auembiiet  atid  uditiou*  Speechet  tn  the  Metropoli*  and  other 
Placet — Msaturet  adopted  by  the  Qwemment — The  great  Chartitt 
Petition  to  Parliament,  and  Proeeedingt  reacting  it—Report  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Petitiont  expating  the  Mitrepreeentatumt  at  to 
the  Signaturet — Personal  IHtpute  tn  the  Houte  betxeeen  Mr.  CHppe 
and  Mr,  Feargut  O'CtmTwr. — Interference  of  the  Speaker  and  Ei^^a- 
natUme  of  the  Partiet. — Cbowh  and  Govbrmiunt  SEouritt  Biu.  in- 
traduced  by  the  Home  Secretary—  Object*  of  the  Meaeure — Speech  of 
Sir  Oeorge  Grey — Obtervaiiont  of  Mr.  J.  O'Connell,  Mr.  F. 
O'ConnoTt  and  other  Memben — The  BiU  it  brought  in — Lord  John 
RutteU  movet  the  Second  Beading  on  the  10th  of  April — Mr.  SmiA 
O'Brien  appeart  in  Parliament  for  Ae  last  Time,  and  jp^ofa  againet 
the  Bill — Sir  Qeorge  Orey  antwen  htm  in  an  animeUed  Speech — 
Speeches  of  Mr.  Thompson,  Sir  R.  Irtglit,  and  other  Membere — The 
Second  Reading  it  carried  by  4GS  to  35 — The  Clauee  nuMng  "  Open 
and  Advised  Speaking  "  qf  treasonable  Matter  Feloniout  ie  much  ob- 
jected to  in  Committee — Mr.  8.  Martin,  Mr.  Hortman,  Mr.  Hume, 
Mr.  Osborne  and  other  Members  strongly  oppoeed  to  it— Speech  of  Sir  B. 
Peel  with  reference  to  EvenU  in  France. — The  BiU  panes  the  Third 
Beading  by  a  great  Me^oriti^^-Dehate  upon  the  Second  Reading  in  tJie 
Houte  of  Lords— Speechet  of  Lord  Stanley,  Lord  Brougham,  Lord 
Campbell,  the  Duke  of  WelUngtort,  Lord  Denman,  and  other  Peers. 
Aliens  Rsmovai.  Biu.  tiUroduced  by  the  Margie  of  Lamdovme — 
Explanationt  and  Debate  on  the  Second  Beading — Iti  the  Houte  of 
Commont  the  BUI  it  opposed  by  Sir  W.  Moleevorth-Bemarke  of 
Lord  Dudley  i^uart,  the  Attorney-General,  Mr.  Urguhart,  Dr.  Bom- 
ring,  and  other  Members — The  Second  Beading  ti  carried  by  a 
Minority  q^  119.  Exiehsiok  of  the  Elkctitk  Frahcbibe — i^u- 
lar  Movement  on  thi*  Sulgect  and  Eixertion*  of  Mr,  Hume— A  Beta- 
Itftton  tn  favour  of  further  Reform  in  Parliament  it  propoted  by  that 
Gentleman  on  the  31*(  of  June — His  Speech  on  that  oceaeion—He  t* 
antvered  by  Lord  John  B.u»*eli,  who  oppotes  the  Motitm — Speeehe*  of 
Mr.  H.  Drummond,  Mr.  Fox.  and  Mr.  Di*raeli — The  Debate  it  ad- 
journed and  returned  ontheGlhof  July — Speeches  of  Mr.  B.  Oibonte, 


124]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Enghnd. 

Mr.  Sergeant  Tal/ourd,  Mr.  Cobdm,  Mr.  F.  O'Connor,  Mr.  Milnet, 
Mr.  Sidney  Herbert,  Mr.  Muntz,  and  Mr.  C.  ViiUen—On  a  Di- 
vwion  Mr.  Hwtne't  Motion  it  rejected  by  361  to  84. 

THE  eecurity  wbicb  under  the  well-tried  inatitutiona,  proves  a 
protection  of  Providence  this  sure  bulwark  in  the  hour  of  trial 
country  derives  from  its  free  and  against  the  macbinatione  of  con- 
popular  constitQtion  was  never  BpiratorBBudanarcfaiets.  Such  was 
more  signollj  exemplified  than  the  lesson  exhibited  by  England 
during  the  year  of  political  agita-  in  the  revolutionary  era  of  1848. 
tdon  and  disorder  of  which  the  The  agitation  ivhich  derived  it£  im- 
memorable  events  are  commetno-  pulse  irom  the  convulsions  of  the 
rated  in  this  volume.  While  al-  ContJoent  prevailed  only  bo  far  as 
most  every  throne  on  the  Conti-  to  disturb  for  a  moment  the  serenity 
nent  was  emptied  or  shaken  by  re-  of  her  political  atmosphere.  Awed 
volution,  the  English  monarchy,  by  the  overwhelming  strength  and 
strong  in  the  loyal  attachment  imposing  attitude  of  the  friends  of 
of  the  people,  not  only  stood  order.the  mischief  subsided  almost 
firm  in  the  tempest,  but  appeared  as  soon  as  it  appeared,  and  the 
even  to  derive  increased  8ta>  cauee  of  rational  freedom  was  mo- 
bility from  the  events  that  con-  teiially  strengthened  by  the  futile 
Ttileed  foreign  kingdoms.  In  the  efforts  made  to  ondermine  it. 
most  perfect  constitution  of  society  When  a  knot  of  obscure  and  ill- 
indeed,  as  it  is  impossible  to  extir-  disposed  malcontents  would  &in 
pate  the  passions  and  vices  of  our  have  played  off  in  our  metropolis 
common  mUure,  disaffection,  in  a  the  scenes  which  had  been  enact«d 
more  or  less  degree.  Is  always  la-  with  such  sanguinary  effects  in 
tent;  and,  as  often  as  circum-  Paris  and  Vienna,  their  insignifi- 
stances  present  the  occasiotiB  of  cance  was  demonstrated,  and  their 
disorder,  there  will  be  found  no  menaces  rendered  impotent  by  the 
lack  of  turbulent  and  unruly  spirits  firm  and  imposing  attitude  of  the 
to  take  advantage  of  them.  It  is  loyal  and  well-affected  inhabitants 
at  such  periods  that  the  sound-  arrayed  in  the  defence  of  peace, 
ness  of  a  nation's  political  senti-  property,  and  order. 
ments  and  the  reality  of  its  attach-  The  10th  of  April  was  the  day 
ment  to  ^e  constituted  authorities  which  the  disciples  of  physical 
is  brot^ht  to  a  searching  trial.  A  force,  organized  under  the  banner 
system  which  has  been  supported  of  Chartism,  had  announced  for  a 
only  by  the  strong  hand  of  power,  grand  display  of  their  strength  and 
or  by  that  allegiance  which  is  the  numbers;  a  demonstration  by  which 
creature  of  habit  rather  than  of  re-  it  was  Intended  to  overawe  the 
flection,isunabIeto  withstand  that  Government  into  a  concession  of 
contagiousfeverofinnoVationwhich  their  demands,  as  the  only  means 
spreads  from  country  to  country,  of  averting  a  violent  revolution, 
imder  ihe  impulse  of  any  eitraor-  But  the  day  which  was  to  have 
dinaiy  movement  in  the  human  been  signalized  by  the  jubilee  of 
mind.  On  the  other  hand,  a  loy  democratic  licence  terminated  in 
alty.  based  on  reason  and  convio-  the  most  decisive  triumph  of  the 
tion,  end  an  enlightened  apnrecia-  Throne  and  Constitution.  Without 
tion  of  the  benefits  derivea  from  the  slightest  collision  between  the 


EnsUmd.^                      HISTORY.  [125 

andioiitieB  and  the  people,  withoat  mobs,  it  was  not  always  iu  ite 
a  blow  struck,  or  a.  drop  of  blood  power  to  prevent  the  destruction 
ihed,  nay  without  the  appearance  of  propertj,  and  the  suspension  of 
of  a  single  soldier  in  the  streets  of  busuiess,  occasioned  by  soch  dis- 
LondoD,  onintemiptad  peace  and  turbances,  while  the  necessitj  of 
order  were  mainl&iiied,  and  the  constant  vigilance  in  several  quar- 
vauntod  demonstration  passed  off  ters  of  the  metropolis  at  once 
qoietlj  and  safely.  The  result  moved  very  harassing  to  the  police, 
was  not  only  to  reassure  all  those  The  contagion  spread  to  seme  of 
peiBons  who  had  trembled  for  the  larae  manufacturing  towns 
the  stability  of  the  social  fabric  both  in  England  and  Scotland,  and 
at  home,  but  to  strengthen  the  in  some  parts  of  the  country  the 
cause  of  constdtutional  Uberty  all  Chartist  gatherings  and  demonstra- 
over  the  world,  and  to  accelerate  tions  created  a  good  deal  of  appro- 
that  reaction  in  favour  of  moderate  henaion.  Happily,  however,  all 
and  sober  counsels,  which  natu-  these  commotions  passed  off  with* 
rally  succeeds  to  a  revolutionary  out  any  serious  explosion.  The 
eballition.  But,  although  all  danger  Govermnent  meanwhile  kept  a 
to  the  institutioos  of  this  couotiy  careful  watch  upon  the  progress  of 
was  ahown  to  be  at  an  end,  it  was  the  movement  A  Caw  of  the  more 
in  the  power  of  the  mischievous  and  violent  leaders  and  speech-makers 
ill-dispoeed,  availing  themselves  of  were  arrested  and  oommitted  for 
the  general  excitement  of  the  trial,  and  every  preparation  was 
times,  to  give  some  trouble  and  made  for  vigorous  action  in  the 
annoyance  to  the  Government,  event  of  an  outbreak  taking  place. 
Meetings  were  held  for  the  promo-  The  transactions  that  were  occur- 
tion  of  the  so-called  People's  ing  out  of  doors  became  the  sulgect 
Charter,  at  which  a  great  deal  of  of  occasional  discussion  in  Parlia- 
seditlous  and  revolutionary  Ian-  ment,  and  led  to  the  introduction 
guage  was  spoken;  and,  if  these  of  some  new  legal  securities  for 
efforts  to  excite  the  ignorant  and  strengthening  the  hands  of  Govem- 
misguided  failed  of  their  effect,  it  ment  and  enabling  them  to  deal 
was  certainly  not  from  any  want  of  more  effectually  with  persons  en- 
will  iu  the  turbulent  demagogues  gaging  in  designs  against  the  pub- 
who  took  the  part  of  leaders,  nor  lie  peace.  We  shall  notice  in  this 
s  the  mischief  confined  to  mere  chapter  some  of  the  more  promi- 


conaiating  for  the  most  part  of  the  On  the  10th  of  April,  the  day 

refuse  of  a  crowded  city,  thieves,  on  which  the  Chartist  procession 

jrickpockets,  and  other  disorderly  to  Kennington  Common  took  place, 

characters,  took  place  in  some  parts  Mr.  Feargua  O'Connor  presented 

of  the  metropolis ;  windows  were  to  the  House  of  Commons  a  peti- 

broken,  some  shops  plundered,  the  tion    signed,    as    he    alleged,   by 

police  were  assmled  with  abuse,  5,706,000    persons,   and    another 

stones  and  missiles,  and  the  peace-  supplementary  petition  signed  by 

able  inhabitants  put  in  terror  for  80,000,  praying  for  the  enactment 

their  safety.     Although  the  civil  of  what  were  called  the  Five  Points 

force  always  proved  a  more  than  of  the  Charter ;  namely,  Annual 

sufficient  match  for  these  riotous  Parliaments,   UniverBsl   Suffirage, 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.         [England. 


Equal  Electoral  Districts,  no  Fro- 
pertj  Qualification,  and  Payment 
of  Members.  He  mored  that  the 
prajer  be  read  bv  the  clerk. 

The  petition  la;  on  the  floor  of 
the  Kouae  in  five  large  divisions. 
The  first  sheet  was  detached  and 
the  prayer  read.  The  messengers 
of  the  House  then  rolled  the  im- 
mense masses  of  parchment  to  the 
table. 

A  day  had  been  specially  ap- 
pointed by  the  Oovemment  to  take 
the  subject  of  this  extraordinary 
petition  into  consideration.  But 
in  the  meantime  sn  inTsstigauon 
into  its  contents  brought  some 
curious  facts  to  light.  On  the 
18th  Mr.  Thomely  brought  up  a 
special  report  from  the  Select 
Committee  on  Public  Petitions, 
which  was  read  by  the  clerk  at  the 
table,  as  follows : — 

"  The  Committee  on  Public  Pe- 
titions, in  oonformil;  with  the  ia- 
Btniotions  of  the  House  of  the 
'Mlb  day  of  November  last, '  in  all 
cases  to  set  forth  the  number  of 
signatures  to  each  petition,'  and 
also  having  regard  to  the  power  at 
the  same  time  dalegated  to  them 
'  to  report  their  opinion  and  ob- 
servations thereupon  to  the  House,' 
have  agreed  to  the  following  special 
report — 

"That,  OD  the  10th  day  of  April 
instant,  a  petition  for  'Universal 
Suffrage,  £c.  from  inhabitants  of 
the  British  Isles  uid  subjects  of 
tlie  Britiah  Crown'  was  presented 
to  the  House. 

"  Your  Conunitteo  strongly  feel 
the  value  of  the  right  of  petition ; 
consider  the  exercise  of  it  as  one 
of  the  most  important  privileges 
of  the  subjects  of  the  realm  ;  and 
feel  the  necessity  of  preserving 
the  exercise  of  siuh  privilege  from 
abuse. 

"  And,  having  also  a  due  regard 


to  the  importance  of  the  veij 
numerously  signed  petition  form- 
ing the  subject  of  the  present  re- 
port, thej  feel  bound  to  represent 
to  the  House,  that  in  the  matter 
of  signatures  there  has  been,  in 
their  opinion,  a  gross  abuse  of  that 
privilege. 

"The  honourable  Member  for 
Nottingham  stated,  on  presenting 
the  petition  in  question  to  the 
House,  that  6,706,000  signatures 
were  attached  to  it  Upon  a  most 
careful  examination  of  Uie  number 
of  signatures  in  the  Committee- 
room,  in  which  examination  thir- 
teen law-stationer's  clerks  were  en- 
gaged for  upwards  of  seventeen 
hours,  together  with  the  person  or- 
dinarily employed  in  counting  the 
signatures  appended  to  petitions, 
under  the  superintendence  of  the 
clerk  of  your  Committee,  the  num- 
ber of  signatures  has  been  ascer- 
taiiiedtobel,076,49e.  Itisfurlher 
evident  to  your  Committee,  that  on 
numerous  consecutive  sheets  the 
signatures  are  in  one  and  the  same 
handwriting. 

"  Tour  Committee  have  also  ob- 
served the  names  of  distij^tshed 
individuals  attached  to  the  petition, 
who  cannot  be  supposed  to  have 
concurred  in  ita  prayer,  and  as 
little  to  have  subscribed  it : 
amongst  such  occur  the  names  of 
Her  Mfyesty  in  one  place,  as  Vic- 
toria Rex,  April  1  ;  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  E.G.;  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  &c.,&c.,  &c. 

"  In  addition  to  this  species  of 
abuse,  your  Committee  have  oh 
served  another  equally  in  derogi- 
ti<m  of  the  just  value  of  petitions, 
—  namely,  Uie  insertion  of  names 
which  are  obviously  altogether  fic- 
titious, such  as  'NoGheeee,'  'Fug- 
nose,'  '  Flatnoee,'  Ac. 

"  There  are  other  words  and 
phrases  which,  though  written  in 


EmgUmd.^  HISTORY.  [127 

the  fimn   of  signatane,  and  in-     tioa  retiirna  and  Ibimd  that  the 
daded   in    the  number  reported,     pedtioii  could  not  hare  been  signed 

TOUT    Committee  will  not  hazard  b;  6,700,000  adult  males.     It  had 

ofieading  the  House,  and  the  dig-  b«ea  mbsequentl;  discoTered,  how- 

nity  uid  deoenoj  of  their  own  pro-  ever,  that  the  aignatoree  bj  women 

eeediogB.  by  reporting ;  though  it  were  in  the  proportion  of  6  to  100. 

may  b«   added,  that  they  are  ob-  Mr.   Grippe    declared,   in    rather 

Tiooal;    eignatures    belongiag    U>  etrone  tonns.  the  distrust  that  he 

no  hnnuui  being."  ahoola  henceforth  feel  for  state- 

This  report  having  been  read,  ments    emanating   from   Mr.   F. 

Mr.  F.  O'Coanor  said  he  would  not  O'Connor.      A     warm     personal 

undertake  to  ny  that  the  numbers  altercation   bettreen  the  two  ho- 

stktad  by  him  were  correct ;  certain  nouraUe  Members   ensued,  after 

pnetices  mi^t  have  been  resorted  whidi  Mr.  O'Connor  left  the  House. 

to.    It  waa  an  old  saying,  that  those  The  interferenae  of  the  Speaker 

who  hide  may  find ;  uid  perhaps  wis  then  called  for,  who  expressed 

somatbing  of  the  spy  system  had  his  hope  that  Mr.  Crippe  would 

been  resorlfd  to  with  regard  to  this  lisclaim  any  intention  of  persoDat 

great    national  undertaking.     He  offence.  Mr.  Cripps,  thus  appealed 

had  letters  which  showed  that  the  to,    readily  made    the   disclaimer 

munber  of  real  signatures  affixed  required.   Lord  John  Russell  then 

to  tbe  petition,  in  England,  Scot-  moved  thalMr.  O'Connor  be  taken 

land,  and  Wales,  was  4,800,000.  into  the  custody  of  the  Seijeant-at> 

As  to  the  computation,  he  main-  Arms.      Mr.  O'Connor,  at  a  later 

tained  that  thirteen  clerks  could  hour  in  the  erening,  was  brought 

not  ooont  1,900,000  signatoree  in  to  the  bar,  and  after  reciprocal  ex- 

aerenteen  horns ;  nor  could  twenty  planations   had  been   gtven,  and  _ 

do  it.  each  of  the  Members  concerned 

Mr.  Thomely  insisted  that  the  had   expressed  himself   satisfied, 

utmost  care  had  been  used  in  the  the  matter  dropped.    In  the  coarse 

examination  of  the  petition.    The  of  the  discussioD  which  preceded 

CommitteehadeTenhaditweighed  this  afiair,  Mr.  John  Abd  Smith 

in  coDsequenoe  of  a  statement  made  stated  the  estimate  which  had  been 

by  Mr.  O'Connor  on  that  head.    It  formed  &om  careful  observation  of 

was  found  to  weigh,  not  five  tons,  the  numbers  present  on  Eenning- 

as  stated,  but  five  hundredweight  ten  Common,  having  been  himself 

and  three  quarters.  a  spectator  of  the  meetiog. 

Lord  John  Bnssell  repudiated  He  said :  I  have  reason  to 
the  insinuation  that  the  "  spy  know,  that  previously  to  the  meet- 
system"  had  had  anything  to  do  ing  means  were  taken  to  ascer- 
with  the  petition.  The  Earl  of  tain  the  whole  number  of  persons 
Anindel  and  Surrey  remarked  that  which  could  be  present  if  the  Com- 
the  Chartists  had  issued  an  ad-  mon  were  entirelv  covered.  The 
Tortisement,  stating  that  500,000  whole  space,  closely  packed,  would 
persons  had  assembled  on  Ken-  not  hold  more  than  90,000 ;  and 
nington  Common  on  the  10th.  at  no  time  was  there  more  than  a 
The  highest  estimate  was  &S,000.  quarter  of  the  space  occupied.  I 
Mr.  Cripps  (a  member  of  the  have  further  to  state,  that  I  am 
Committee  on  PetitionB)  stated  convinced  I  exaggerate  them  when 
that  he  had  examined  the  popula-  I  say  that  the  numbers  id  the  pro- 


128] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[En^nd. 


oeasioD  were  ander  8000.  I  will 
oalj  add,  that  the  honourable 
Member  for  NottiDRhain,  in  my 
presence  on  Mondaj  evening, 
stated  the  numbers  present  on 
Kenninffton  Common  as  exceed- 
ing half  a^  million."  (Chsen  and 
laugkUr). 

Colonel  Sibtborp  related  an  anec- 
dote which  afibrded  some  enter- 
tainment. 

"On  Monda;  nigbt,  when  the 
honourable  and  learned  Member 
for  Notdngham,  addressing  me  at 
the  door  of  the  House,  said,  '  I  am 
gtad  all  want  off  peaceably,'  I  said, 
'  I  have  oul;  one  r«gret  that  it  did.' 
'Why?'  he  asked.  'Because,'  I 
replied,  'if  you  had  attempted  to 
come  over  the  bridge,  you  would 
bave  got  the  soundest  thrashing 
mortal  man  ever  rectiived.'  "  {Loud 
ehetrt  and  laughUr). 

At  this  period  of  the  Session  a 
Bill  was  introduoed  by  Sir  Oeor^e 
Grey  for  the  more  effectual  repres- 
sion of  seditious  and  treasonable 
proceeding.  Although  the  mea. 
sure  was  intended  to  be  applied  to 
the  whole  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
the  peculiar  predicament  of  affiiirs 
in  Ireland,  in  which  agitation  was 
U  that  lime  carried  to  its  utmost 
length,  led  the  Minister  to  advert 
more  particularly  to  the  circum- 
Btancea  of  that  country,  and  gave  the 
same  turn  to  almost  all  the  dis- 
euasions  which  arose  upon  the  Bill. 
In  moving  for  leave  to  bring  in  his 
Bill  for  the  better  security  of  tlie 
Crown  and  Qovemment  of  the 
kingdom,  the  Secretary  for  the 
Home  Department  regretted  deeply 
that  the  seditious  and  treasonable 
designs  entertained  by  certain  par- 
ties in  different  parts  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  and  the  encour^ement 
given  by  them  to  open  insurrection 
and  to  the  subversion  of  our  nar 
tional  institutionB  rendentd  it  in- 


cnmbent  upon  the  Government  to 
ask  for  an  alteration  of  the  law 
applicable  to  such  practices.  Go- 
vernment hod  no  intention  of  im- 
posing any  new  restriction  on  the 
right  of  the  people,  either  to  meet 
or  to  discuss  public  af&iirs  or  to 
petition  for  the  redress  of  griev- 
ances. There  were,  however,  limits 
to  the  exercise  of  these  constitu- 
tional rights.  Thoee  limits  bad 
been  recently  transgressed,  and 
language  had  been  used  in  various 
parts  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
which,  if  it  were  not  treason  itself, 
was  certainly  highly  treasonable. 
In  one  part  of  the  empire  the  law 
was  utterly  insufficient  to  meet  this 
great  and  crying  evil.  The  lan- 
guage used  in  Ireland  was  incom- 
patible with  established  Govern- 
ment, with  the  maintenance  of  or- 
der, and  with  those  existing  institu- 
tions under  which  the  British  people 
enjoyed  more  constitutional  fiber^ 
than  any  other  people  in  the  world. 
Lord  Clarendon  had  instituted  one, 
and  only  one  prosecution,  with  the 
hope  of  putting  down  such  lan- 
guage ;  but  he  had  been  met,  not 
with  any  desire  on  the  part  of  those 
who  had  used  it  to  confbim  to  the 
law,  but  with  a  declaration  that,  if 
they  had  hitherto  knowingly  spoken 
sedition,  they  would  in  future  avow 
their  intention  to  commit  high 
treason.  He  was  not  prepared  to 
say  that  they  had  hitherto  com- 
mitted any  action  which  brought 
them  within  the  penalties  of  high 
treason  ;  but  he  warned  them  that 
their  future  actions,  by  a  retro- 
spective reference  to  their  former 
speeches,  might  even  yet  bring 
them  into  that  predicament.  He 
then  referred  to  various  artides 

Eublished  in  the  Unitad  Irakman 
y  Mr.  Mitchell,  to  the  speeches 
of  Mr.  Me(^;her,  and  to  a  recent 
harangue  of   Mr.  Dufff,  on   an- 


Smgi^.]                    HISTORY.  [129 

ooDDcing  bi  his  cooDtiymeti  that  affect  offences  against  the  person 
60,000  Frencbmen  were  ready  to  of  the  Sovereign,  and  then  to  re- 
support  them  in  subverting  the  enact  it  so  as  to  make  the  offenoss 
mooarchj  and  in  esteblisbuig  a  contained  in  it  not  punishable  b; 
HpanU«  and  independent  Bepublio  death,  but  by  transportatioQ  for 
in  Ireland — -as  specimens  of  the  life  or  for  any  period  not  less  than 
eril  of  which  he  complained.  In  seven  years.  The  clause  for  the 
defence  of  the  loyal  miqon^  of  punishment  of  the  offence  of  com- 
Her  Miyesty's  subjects  in  Ireland,  passing,  imagining,  or  levying  war 
Government  now  came  to  Farlia-  against  Her  Majesty,  and  of  in- 
ntent  and  asked  for  such  an  altera-  citing  and  stimng  foreigners  to 
tion  of  the  law  as  would  enable  it  invade  this  realm,  was  one  ren- 
te deal  satisfactorily  with  fevers  of  dered  necessary  by  the  conduct  of 
this  kind,  which  occurred  from  many  persons  now  actively  engaged 
time  to  time  in  the  history  of  in  agitating  the  two  countries.  As 
nations,  and  which  were  now  strik-  the  law  stood  at  present,  any  pei^ 
ins  terror  into  large  masses  of  the  son  having  gone  to  a  foreign  coun- 
inbabitants  of  this  empire.  He  try,  or  having  incited  by  speech, 
then  stated  what  the  law  was  at  and  not  by  writing,  others  to  go 
wesent  as  to  offences  of  this  kind,  there  for  such  a  purpose,  was  ex- 
The  law  of  treason  was  not  iden-  empt  from  any  penalty  save  that 
tical  in  England  and  Ireland,  as  attached  to  seiUtion.  In  extending 
he  showed  in  some  detail.  There  that  clause  to  Ireland,  the  Govern- 
was  no  reason  for  that  differ-  ment  was  bound  to  see  that  those 
enee,  and  every  reason  for  ge^  gentlemen  who  were  now  insti> 
ting  rid  of  it,  as  it  paralyzed  gating  others  by  speeches  and 
the  action  of  the  law  in  Ireland  at  writings  to  the  offeuces  which  it 
the  present  moment.  It  had  been  was  intended  to  check,  should  have 
proposed  to  enforce  the  same  law  no  loophole  for  escape.  He  there- 
in every  portion  of  the  United  fore  proposed  to  apply  the  penal- 
Kingdom  ;  but  it  was  undeniable  ties  of  this  clause  to  all  persons 
that  the  law  of  treason  in  England,  who,  by  "publishing  or  printing 
under  the  act  of  the  86th  of  any  writing,  or  by  open  and  avowed 
George  III.,  which  did  not  extend  speaking,"  should  seek  to  compass, 
to  Ireland,  was  a  law  of  veiy  great  imagine,  and  levy  war  agunst  the 
severity,  and  therefore,  in  con-  Sovereign.  Such  was  the  sub- 
fbnnity  with  the  spirit  of  our  stance  of  the  Bill  which  he  pro- 
recent  legislation,  he  proposed  to  posed  to  lay  on  the  table.  Without 
modify  it,  and  to  apply  it  so  modi-  it  Lord  Clarendon  stated  that  he 
Sed  to  every  portion  of  the  empire,  should  be  unable  to  stem  the  tide 
He  did  not  propose  to  repeal  any  of  sedition  and  treason  swelling 
of  the  pen^ties  for  the  offence  around  him  on  every  side;  with  it 
of  oompassii^  the  death  of  the  he  beUeved  be  should  be  enabled 
Sovereign,  or  of  restraining  or  to  deal  with  those  persona  who 
imprisoning  the  person  of  the  defied  him,  and  defied  him  safely. 
Sovereign.  That  offence  would  be  to  do  bis  worst.  He  did  not  say 
still  high  treason:  but  vrith  regard  that  this  was  the  only  measure 
to  the  other  offences  contained  in  necessary  for  the  pac^cation  of 
SSth  George  III.,  he  proposed  to  Ireland,  but  this  vras  a  law  which 
repeal  so  much  of  it  as  did  not  would  be  extended  to  all  portions 
Vol.  XC.  [K] 


130] 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [E»gi<«^. 


at  the  United  Eingdom,  The 
other  measures  which  he  ehould 
have  to  introduce  vould  partake 
more  of  the  character  of  police 
fegulationB,  and  he  vould,  there- 
fore. Dot  mix  them  up  with  a  Bill 
which  he  propoBed  as  a  permanent 
alteratioD  and  amelioiation  of  tLe 
law  of  treason. 

Mr.  J.  O'Conneli  concurred  in 
execrating  many  of  the  speeches 
recently  made  in  Ireland,  and  in 
condemning  the  insane  criminality 
of  those  who  were  exciting  that 
country  to  rebellion.  He  did  not 
oppose  this  Bill  from  any  sympathy 
with  that  party,  but  from  a  con- 
viction that  it  was  not  necessary, 
and  that  the  ordinary  law  was  quite 
adequate  to  its  objects. 

Mr.  Hume  thought  that  the 
Btatules  relating  to  treason  should 
be  revised  ana  formed  into  one 
clear  and  intelligible  code.  He 
protested  against  the  clause  in  the 
proposed  Bill  for  punishing  "  open 
and  advised  speaking,"  which  he 
denominated  an  oppressive  and 
"  gagging  clause."  Mr.  W.  J.  Fox 
objected  to  the  same  section,  and 
enlarged  on   the  monstrous  con- 

nuences  which  might  result  from 
nrced  oonstruclion  of  die  pro- 
vision in  question. 

Mr.  F.  O'Connor  declared  his 
determination  to  resist  the  Bill  to 
the  utmost,  even  if  he  stood  alone. 
Mr.  H.  Gratlan,  Lord  Dudley  Stu- 
art, and  Mr.  Beynolds  enpresaed 
their  dissatisfaction.  Mr.  M.  J. 
O'Conneli  declared  his  intention 
of  supporting  the  measure  as  ne- 
cessary for  the  preservation  of 
peace  in  Ireland. 

Lord  John  Russell  regretted  that 
Mr.  Fox  had  not  waited  to  see  this 
Bill  before  he  had  expressed  such 
unsparing  condemnation  of  that 
clause  of  it  which  affected  spoken 
words.    The  clause  was  intended 


to  punish  those  who  spoke  openly 
and  advisedly  for  the  purpose  of 
exciting  to  the  levy  of  war  against 
the  Sovereign;  and  did  Mr.  Fox 
object  to  such  an  enactment?  He 
then  justified  the  various  clauses 
of  the  Bill,  and  contended  that 
there  was  not  a  single  syllable  in 
it  which  could  be  justly  said  to 
impair  the  right  of  free  discussion. 
The  House  then  divided,  when 
the  numbers  were — 

For  the  first  reading  of 

the  Bill 283 

Against  it 34 

M^ority  in  ita  favour  .     259 

Lord  John  Bussell  having  moved 
the  second  reading  on  the  10th  of 
April,  an  animated  debate  took 
place.  Mr.  Smith  O'Brien  ap- 
peared in  his  place  for  the  last 
time  before  assuming  the  charac- 
ter of  an  avowed  rebel,  to  protest 
against  the  measure.  He  said 
that  he  was  not  to  be  put  down  by 
the  proceedings  which  Lord  John 
Bussell  had  directed  against  him, 
nor  would  the  Oovemment  extin- 
guish national  feeling  in  Ireland 
by  wholesale  prosecutions.  He 
bad  in  his  absence  been  called  a 
traitor.  [The  cheers  of  the  House 
intimated  an  opinion  that  the  de- 
signation was  not  altogether  an 
unfit  one.]  He  was  there  to  avow 
what  he  had  spoken  and  done.  He 
professed  bis  loyslty  to  the  Queen, 
but  not  to  the  Government  or  to 
the  Imperial  Parliament;  on  the 
contrary,  he  would  do  all  in  his 
power  to  overthrow  the  one  and  to 
dissever  the  other.  He  then  re- 
ferred to  his  mission  to  Paris^.and 
by  so  doing  again  roused  indignant 
sboute  of  disapprobation  from  all 
sides  of  the  House.  He  also  at- 
tempted to  vindicate  the  conduct 


England.}                         HISTORY.  [131 

of  his  political  ossodatoe,  and  read  Temment  of  Great  Bribun  and  the 
a  resoiation  from  the  records  of  people  of  Ireland  must  bo  uncer- 
the  last  meetJng  of  the  Irish  Con-  tain — that  it  might  be  diaaatrous— 
federation  to  show  that  their  Ao-  that  if  England  failed,  she  irould 
signa  had  never  been  kept  secret  stand  alone — and  that  her  positioA 
— that  the;  irere  not  seeking  social  would  be  very  precarious,  with  the 
disorder  and  a  violent  separation  independent  republic  of  France  on 
from  Great  Britain — but  t^t  Uieir  one  side  of  her  and  another  in- 
only  desire  was  to  obtain  a  repeal  dependent  repablic  on  the  other, 
of  the  Union,  if  possible,  without  He  therefore  called  upon  the  Go- 
dvil  war.  They  had  also  recom-  vemmeut,  before  it  was  too  late, 
mended  their  oountrymen  to  send  to  grant  to  his  couutr^en  those 
SOO  del^ates  to  Dublin  to  form  a  national  privileges  which,  by  everj 
national  council ;  and  the;  had  right,  human  and  divine,  they  were 
done  this  because  there  was  at  entitled  to  claim.  When  t^e  noble 
present  no  exponent  of  the  feelings  Lord  told  him  that  he  was  a  traitor 
of  the  Irish  nation.  The  Irish  to  the  Crown,  he  repelled  the 
members  did  not  represent  the  charge,  and  retorted  it  on  the  head 
Iriab  nation ;  and  be  recommended  of  him  who  made  it.  If  his  Lord- 
Lord  John  Russell  to  enter  into  ship  should  attempt  to  crush  all 
n^otiation  with  that  council  as  the  rights  of  the  democracy  in 
soon  SB  it  should  be  formed.  England,  and  if  be  should  persist 
[Much  lentghur.)  He  was  quite  in  refusing  to  Ireland  its  just  de- 
prepared  for  the  insulting  sneers  mand  for  self-government,  and  if 
which  that  advice  had  called  forth ;  he  were  determined  to  play  the 
bat  he  felt  quite  convinced  that  he  part  of  Guizot  in  crushing  public 
should  be  ultimately  successful  in  liberty,  his  Lordship  and  hu  col- 
the  efforts  which  he  and  bis  friends  leagues  would  be  traitors  to  both 
were  then  making  for  the  repeal  countries.  The  honourable  Mem- 
of  tbe  Union.  The  only  thing  her  then  sat  down  amid  such  ex 
which  could  defeat  the  object  preseiona  of  disapprobation  as  have 
which  he  and  his  associates  had  in  seldom  greeted  any  Member  of  Par- 
view  was  precipitation ;  and  he  liament  for  many  years. 
now  warned  the  people  of  Ireland  Sir  G.  Grey  rose  amid  the  most 
that  if  any  of  them  lent  them-  vociferous  cheering,  and  observed, 
selves  to  the  plans  of  Government,  that,  after  the  long  absence  of  Mr. 
they  would  have  their  emancipa-  S.  O'Brien,  he  had  entertained 
tion  indefinitely  postponed.  He  some  hope,  albeit  it  was  a  faint 
then  proceeded  to  contend  that  one,  that  he  would  disavow,  with 
without  packed  juries  the  Govern-  that  indignation  which  a  loyal  aub- 
ment  would  never  be  able  to  get  ject  ought  to  feel,  the  imputation 
a  verdict  against  him — that  the  east  upon  bi^  loyalty,  and  that  he 
Irish  aristocracy  bad  no  influence  would,  with  that  fervid  eloquence 
in  Ireland — that  the  Orangemen  which  characterized  his  harangues 
were  exceedingly  discontented —  elsewhere,  though  not  in  that 
and  that  no  reliance  was  to  be  House,  have  disclaimed  those  aenti- 
placed  on  either  the  police  force  ments  which  had  been  imputed  to 
or  tbe  army  in  Ireland.  The  ob-  him,  if  from  no  better  feeling,  at 
ject  of  his  aigumont  was  to  show  least  from  a  regard  to  that  oath  of 
that  any  collision  between  the  Go-  allegiance  which  be  had  repeatedly 


132] 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.        [Kngtand. 


taken  bo  the  Sovereign  of  England. 
What,  then,  waa  his  pain  and  ra- 
grot  when  he  found  Mr.  S.  O'Brien 
profeasing  with  Up-eervice  alle- 
•giance  to  his  Sovereign,  and  yet 
glorying  in  the  impntatione  which 
had  been  cast  upon  him,  and 
charging  the  Premier  himself  with 
high  treason?  He  (Sir  G.  Grey) 
bad  never  called  Mr.  S.  O'Brien  a 
traitor  in  his  absence.  For  that 
sbaence  he  was  not  responsible,  and 
the  cause  of  that  absence  Mr.  S. 
O'Brien  could  best  explain.  He 
had  not,  he  repeated,  cdled  Mr.  S. 
O'Brien  a  traitor;  but  he  bad  read 
to  the  House  the  message  which 
that  gentleman  hod  sent  from 
Paris  to  Mr.  Duffy,  as  to  France 
being  able  and  willing  to  send 
60,000  of  ber  bravest  citizens  to 
fight  for  the  emancipation  of  Ire- 
land. He  asked  Mr.  S.  O'Brien 
distinctly  whether  he  was  prepared 
or  not  to  disavow  that  message! 
The  House  had  drawn  its  inference 
from  it,  and  what  that  inference 
was  Mr.  S.  O'Brien  might  read  in 
the  cheers  with  which  the  House 
was  ringing.  He  denied  the  right 
of  Mr.  8.  O'Brien  to. represent 
himself  as  the  exponent  of  loyalty 
in  Ireland,  and,  in  reply  to  his  ex- 
travagant assertions,  insisted  thata 
large  proportion  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Ireland,  of  all  creeds  and  of  all 
classes,  were  unalienably  attached 
to  the  Crown  of  England,  and  he 
was  sure  that  tbey  would  all  in- 
dignantly deny  the  right  of  Mr.  8. 
O'Brien  to  expound  tbeir  feelings. 
Mr.  S.  O'Brien  had  ^declared  that 
the  Chartists  were  with  him  to  a 
man.  He  (Sir  G.  Grey)  utterly 
disbelieved  it.  Mr.  S.  O'Brien 
had  also  declared  himself  the  friend 
of  his  country,  whose  sympathiea 
were  with  him.  He  believed  that 
in  that  point  Mr.  8. 03rien  would 
find  himself  miserably  disappointed, 


and  that  there  was  a  spirit  both 
in  England  and  in  Ireland  which 
would  rise  up  indignantly  against 
that  declaration.  He  denied  that 
the  Government  was  influenced  by 
any  feeling  of  de&ance  towards 
Iroland.  The  Government  wished 
to  see  Ireland  rich,  happy,  pros- 
perous, and  in  full  enjoyment  of 
constitutional  independence.  He 
rejoiced  to  think  that,  in  opposing 
the  mischievous  designs  of  Mr.  3. 
O'Brien  and  bis  associates,  the 
Government  was  doing  its  best  to 
unite  all  honest  men  in  the  search 
of  the  true  and  lasting  interests 
of  the  people  of  Ireland.  Sir  G. 
Grey  then  sat  down  amidst  loud 
cheers. 

Mr.  F.  O'Connor  observed  that 
be,  loo,  had  taken  the  oatb  of 
allegiance  to  Her  Majesty,  and  his 
construction  of  that  oath  led  him 
to  defend  Her  Miyesty's  Uirono 
i^inst  the  machinations  of  Her 
Mi^esty's  Government.  He  then 
ropeated  the  arguments  which  he 
hsid  used  on  a  former  occasion 
against  this  Bill,  abused  the 
Government  in  vehement  terms, 
and  concluded  by  moving  the  second 
reading  of  the  Bill  that  day  six 
months. 

Mr.  G.  Thompson,  in  a  dis- 
cursive speech,  in  whi<^  he  ex- 
pressed the  greatest  distrust  of  the 
Government,  and  protested  in  the 
strongest  terms  against  the  pro- 
posal to  make  "speaking  openly 
and  advisedly  "  on  political  ques- 
tions a  felony,  seconded  Mr. 
O'Connor's  amendment.  Sir  B. 
Hall  gave  his  support  to  tbe  Bill. 
Mr.  Hume  repeated  his  otgectioaB 
to  the  "  gagging  clause." 

The  Solicitor-General  explained 
the  true  meanii^  of  the  clause  to 
which  Mr.  G.  Thompson  and  Mr. 
Hume  bad  objected,  and  showed 
very  clearly  that  neither  gentleman 


England.] 


HISTORY. 


[133 


imdentood  it.  It  was  not  in- 
tended to  repress  priTate  speaking, 
bot  only  "  open  and  adTJaed  speak- 
ing," recommending  the  levy  of 
war  upon  Her  Majestj.  As  per- 
sonal notorietj  was  one  of  tbe 
atrmigest  motiTea  for  these  treason- 
able exhibitiotis,  be  thought  that 
tttis  Bill  vonld  pot  a  stop  to  them; 
Ibr  tbe  man  who  mignt  reckon 
upon  sjmpftthy  as  s  traitor,  was 
not  Bare  of  meeting  it  as  a  felon. 

Sir  R.  Infflis  snpported  tbe  Bill 
even  with  ute  fire  words  in  it  to 
which  Mr.  Hnme  had  objected.  It 
was  neceesaiy  for  tbe  punishment 
of  those  overtures  of  a  treasonable 


recently  heard  of,  and  which  would 
not  be  snSiared  br  any  republic  in 
the  world.  He  then  expressed  hta 
gratjtode  to  the  editors  of  the 
leading  pablic  journals,  for  the 
encourage  inent  which  they  had 
recently  given  to  the  cause  of  good 
order  gainst  the  systematic  dis- 
turbers of  it.  He  thought  that  the 
Government  was  rather  wanting 
than  exceedmg  in  vigour  in  pro- 
dncing  this  Bill.  He  then  gave 
Mr.  8.  O'Brien,  whom  he  described 
as  speaking  with  a  halter  round 
his  neck,  a  severe  lecture  for  the 
■mbloshing  manner  in  which  he 
had  defied  the  opinion  of  the 
House  and  the  country  in  his 
speech  of  that  evening.  Though 
he  should  have  liked  this  Bill  better 
with  other  provisions,  be  would 
Btill  support  it  if  Oovemment 
would  maintain  its  present  posi- 
tioD. 

Speeches  were  made  in  favour 
of  the  Bill  by  Mr.  C.  Anstey,  Mr. 
Aglionby,  Lord  Nugent,  Capt. 
Anchdall,  Mr.  P.  Wood,  and  Mr. 
H.  Dtummond;  and  on  the  opposite 
side  hy  Mr.  Bright,  Dr.  Bowring, 
Mr.    John     O'Connell,     Mr.     S. 


Crawford,  Mr.  Osboriie,  and  Mr. 
Wakley. 

Lord  John  Russell  recapitulated 
the  present  state  of  the  law  and  the 
proposed  enactments  of  tbe  Bill. 
"  By  the  36th  George  III.,"  said 
the  noble  Lord,  "you  have  the 
penalties  of  high  treason  attached 
to  more  than  three  kinds  of  offences, 
but  to  three  offences  certainly,  in 
regard  to  whit^  alterations  are 
proposed  by  the  preeeut  Bill.  You 
have  the  penalties  of  high  treason 
applied  to  those  who  intend  or 
compose  the  deposition  of  the 
Sovereign ;  you  have  the  penalties 
of  high  treason  applied  to  those 
who  intend  or  are  compassing  to 
levy  war  against  the  Sovereign ; 
and  you  have  the  penalties  of  high 
treason  applied  to  those  who  seek 
for  foreign  aid,  or  seek  to  bnng  a 
foreign  foe  into  this  country.  Such 
is  tbe  slate  of  die  law  at  present. 
With  respect  to  those  offences 
which  some  honourable  gentlemen 
think  it  cruel  to  punish  by  trans- 
portation, you  have  now  applied 
the  penalties  of  high  treason. 
What  we  now  propose  is,  that  those 
offences  be  declared  felony,  and 
that  persons  who  are  guilty  of  them 
be  liable  to  transportation.  As  the 
law  at  present  stands,  those  who 
commit  such  offences  by  publishing 
any  writings  may  be  found  guilty, 
and  be  amenable  to  the  punish- 
ment attached  to  them.  We  pro- 
pose to  carry  that  provision  fur^r, 
by  declaring  that  those  who  commit 
the  offences  specified — namely,  of 
declaring  their  purpose  or  intent 
of  deposmg  the  Govemment ;  levy- 
ing war  upon  the  Sovereign;  or 
inviting  a  foreign  force  to  invade 
this  countty,  by  open  and  advised 
speaking — shall  he  liable  to  the 

funishment  applicable  to  felony, 
am  not  now  going  to  defend  that 
particular  clause  which  has  been 


134] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.        [England. 


animadverted  upon.  I  have  before 
stated  the  reasoua  for  that  clause, 
and  mj  honourable  and  learned 
friend  the  Solicitor- General  has 
most  clearly  explained  iCe  purport; 
and  I  will  not  now  argue  it,  know- 
ing that  the  words  will  be  agtua 
otnected  to  in  Committee  on  the 
Bill.  The  other  altaratiou  Jn  the 
law  which  we  propMe  to  make  is, 
that  it  be  ext«nded  to  Ireland.  I 
do  not  think — omitting  for  the 
moment  reference  to  any  course  of 
argument  as  to  the  extending  the 
punishment  to  spoken  words — that 
this  proposal  is  one  to  which  anj 
reasonable  objection  can  be  made, 
either  as  regards  diminishing  the 

fenalties  or  extending  the  Act  to 
reland." 
It  was  to  maintain  peace  and 
Becurfty  here  and  in  Ireland — to 
show  that  offenders  could  no  longer 
hope  te  escape  ajust  punishment 
under  the  grand  name  of  martyr 
to  the  law  of  high  treason— tlut 
this  Bill  had  been  brought  m. 
Under  it  the  people's  present  power 
of  discussion  through  the  press,  or 
through  public  meetings,  would 
remain  as  full  as  ever  before,  while 
some  reckless  persons  would  be 
checked  in  their  career  of  excite- 
ment; and  those  who  should  incite 
to  rising,  as  well  as  those  who 
shonld  rise  in  arms,  would  no 
longer  perpetrate  their  offences 
with  impunity. 

After  some  further  disoussion 
the  House  divided.  When  there  ap- 
peared for  the  second  reading — 


M^ority      .     .     .     417 

Upon  the  Bill  going  into  Com- 
mittee, it  encountered  a  somewhat 
pertinacious  opposition,  especially 


that  part  of  it  which  attached  tha 
penalties  of  felony  to  treasonable 
speaking.  Upon  the  order  of  the 
day  being  read— 

Mr.  G.  Thompson  contended 
that  sufGcient  time  bad  not  been 
given  for  the  consideration  of  so 
important  a  measure.  He  denied 
that  any  case  had  been  made  out 
for  this  Bill,  which  cast  a  suspicion 
upon  the  loyalty  of  the  people  of 
this  country.  He  passed  a  warm 
euloginm  upon  the  Chartists,  and 
complained  that  the  Government 
had  branded  them  ui^ustly  with 
disloyalty.  Ministers  were  sowing 
the  wind  to  reap  the  whirlwind, 

Mr.  Osborne  followed  on  the 
same  side,  merely  repeating  in 
varied  terms  one  of  hie  former 
speeches  on  this  subject  He  ap- 
plied to  this  Bill  the  lasgut^e 
used  by  Mr.  Fox  respecting  a 
similar  but  milder  measure  intro- 
duced in  1706— namely,  that  "r»- 
sistance  to  it,  if  passed,  would  be 
merely  a  question  of  prudence." 

Mr.  O'Connor  said,  that  if  the 
House  passed  this  Bill  there  would 
be  no  safety  for  the  established 
institulions  of  this  country.  The 
Bill  was  nothing  less  than  a  piece 
of  Ministerial  treason  against  the 
Crown, 

Mr.  Reynolds  could  not  under- 
stand how  the  Government  could 
persevere  in  passing  the  present 
"  Algerine  Act,"  after  the  appeal 
made  by  Mr.  Osborne  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  Mr.  Fox.  He  implored 
the  Government  to  modify  the 
measure. 

Lord  John  Etuasell  observed  that 
we  were  living  in  extraordinary 
times,  when  persons  deemed  it  con- 
sistent with  their  duty  to  call  to- 
gether councils  and  confederations 
for  the  purpose  of  declaring  war 
against  the  Sovereign,  for  seducing 
or  bribing  the  armed  forces  of  the 


England.]                     HISTORY.  [136 

SorereigD,  and  for  opposing  them  hand  writers,  his  experience  pre- 

in  arma    in     case  seduction  and  sented  cases  over  and  over  again 

bribery  should  not  succeed.  He  be-  wherein  persons  liad  been  misre- 

lieyed  that  the  general  opinion  of  presented    by  short-hand  writers. 

the  country  was  not  that  Ministers  Judge  after  judge  had  made  the 

liad  intetfered  int^mperately  and  same  complaint ;    and  one  of  the 

hastily,  but  that  they  had  waited  ablest  of  tnose  now  on  the  bench 

loo  king.     Considering  the  designs  had  avowedly  objected  to  short-hand 

which    traitore   had    avowed,   he  writers' notes  of  legal  proceedings, 

should  be  ashamed  of  himself  if,  because  of  the  frequency  with  which 

eeeingdangerathand,hehadbeen  hie  chargesto  juries  had  been  mis- 

Bo  awed   by  the  authority  of  Mr.  reported.    If  this  were  the  case  in 

Fox  as  to  forbear  from  taking  those  the  atillneas  of  a  law  court,  what 

measures  of  pre«anlion  which  he  might  be  expected   in  the  con< 

believed  to  be  necessary.    After  fusion  and  excitement  of  a  publio 

pointing  out  the  difference  between  meeting?    With  regard,  also,  to 

this    Bill   and  that   under  which  the   discrimination    of  juries,  he 

Muir  and  Palmerfaad  been  formerly  entertained  a  high  opinion  of  that 

convicted,  he  added  that,  while  he  tribunal  for  the  determination  of 

retained  all  the  other  parts  of  the  matters  of  fact  under  ordinary  cir- 

Bill,   he  was  ready  to  limit  the  cumstances,  but  had  no  reliance  on 

operation  of  that  part  of  it  which  a  panic-stricken  jury.     He  should 

related    to     "open    and    advised  have  been   sorry  to  trust  a  juiy 

speaking,"  to  a  period  of  two  years,  empanelled  on  the  10th  of  April. 

The  measures  which  the  Oovem-  He  thought  that  the  Government 

ment    had    introduced  were    pro-  were  justified  in  all   the  precau- 

poeed    by  them    under   the  deep  tions  they  took  on  that  day;  but 

conviction  that  the  peace  of  this  he  would  as  soon  have  asked  for 

country  was  worth  preserving.   The  the  opinion  of  a  parcel  of  insane 

trust  of  preserving  the  institutions  men  as  have  taken  the  verdict  of  a 

of  this  country,  its  monarchy,  and  jury  at  such  a  moment  upon  words 

its  constitution,  was  in  the  hands  spokeu. 

of  the  Administration,  and  it  would  He  proposed  a  clause— that  if 
be  its  constant  endeavour  to  pre-  any  person,  at  any  assembly  of 
serve  them.  The  noble  Lord's  twenty  persons  or  more,  should  by 
speech  vras  much  cheered  through-  public  and  advised  speaking  sug- 
'•-•  gest,  advocate,  or  advise  the  three 
matters  in  the  third  section  of  the 
Bill,  it  should  be  made  a  misde- 
words"openandadvisedspesking."  meanour:  this  was  alreodyso  at 
Mr.  Samuel  Martin  said  he  would  common  law,  but  it  would  be  use- 
take  the  decision  of  the  House  on  ful  to  define  the  offence  porticu- 
the  question,  that  these  words  be  larly,  for  the  guidance  of  parties 
struck  out.  He  went  at  much  length  liable  to  commit  it.  He  would 
into  the  legal  bearings  of  the  ques-  also  agree  to  a  clause  prohibiting 
tion  turning  on  these  words;  and  bail  in  those  particular  cases,  u 
gave  hb  professional  opinion  that  there  were  also  a  provision  that  a 
no  confidence  whatever  should  be  trial  should  take  place — by  Special 
nut  in  accounts  of  conversations  Commiseions.ifneceesaiy— within 
neard.    Even  in  the  case  of  short-  a  month  after  arrest.    Thus,  the 


186]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [England. 

old  Common  Lav  distinction  be-  terms  the  praiseworthy  oondnct  of 
tneen  words  spoken  and  writUn  the  inhabitants  of  the  metropolis, 
would  not  be  broken  down.  He  He  said  their  spirit  bad  pro- 
felt  strongly  on  this  point;  and  duced  the  most  salutaiy  effect 
would,  in  relation  to  it,  ask  Lord  throughout  the  countiT.  What 
John  Rueeell  to  do  for  his  sincere  had.  occurred  had  produced  the 
friends  what  Mr.  Pitt  had,  in  beet  possible  result  in  the  great 
1795,  done  for  his  opponents.  towns  of  the  couatfy,  and  would  ' 

The  Attorney- General  and  Sir  unquestionably    bate     its    effect 

F.  Thesiger  replied  to  Mr.  Mar-  throughout  Europe, 
tin's  le^  arguments;  and  Mr.        The  motion  for  the  third  read- 

W.  P.  Wood  added  a  few  words,  ing  came  on  upon  the  18th,  when 

expressive  of   his    views   aa    to  Mr.  Hume  moved  that  the  Bill  be 

the  mode  of  dealing  with  popular  reed  a  third  time  on  that  day  six 

discontents.     He  hoped   the  day  months.      This    amendment  nas 

was  at   hand    when    Parliament  supported  by  Mr.  F.  O'Connor, 

would  no  longer  treat  the  symp-  Mr.  Bright,  and  Mr.  Muntz. 
toms  only  of   prevailing  disease,         Mr.  W.  P.  Wood  made  a  final 

but  the  disease  itself;  that  lai^  prol«8t agiuDst  what  he  conceived 

remedial  meaaures  would  be  in*  to  be  a  direct  invasion  (tf  those 

troduced  for  Ireland ;  and  that  the  principles   of   constitutional    law 

meetings  of   Chartists,   and  the  which  had  existed  for  five  hun- 

wretched  and  ferocious  stuff  there  dred   years — since  the  reign  of 

spoken,  would  be  put  down  by  ex-  Edward  the  Third,  and  to  which 

tending  the  franchise,  and  giving  the   country  was  indebted  for  ite 

the  working  classes  the  occupation  happiness    and    prosperity,      fie 

of  choosing  Members  of  Parlia-  acknowledged  that  the  Bill  was 

ment,   instead  of  members   of  a  less  objectionable  as  a  temporary 

National  Convention.  measure ;   but  in  any  ahape  the 

After  a  good  deal  of  rather  precedent  was  bad,  and  might 
warm  discussion,  extending  over  a  hereafter  be  revived  with  most 
second 'evening,  the  proposition  to  pernicious  effect, 
omit  the  words  objected  to,  making  Mr.  Horsmon  said  that  the  Bill 
treasonable  speaking  felonious,  was  unconstitutional;  but Govem- 
was  rqected  by  18B  to  79.  Seve>  ment  was  called  on  to  violate  con- 
ntl  other  divisions  took  place,  the  stitutional  principles  in  great 
opposing  Members  offering  a  de-  emergencies.  He  thought  the 
termined  resistance,  and  moving  Boman  Catholic  population  of  Ire- 
several  amendments ;  but  the  Go-  land  was,  in  a  certain  sense  of  the 
vemment  were  backed  by  very  phrase,  one  great  conapinuy.  The 
strong  majorities,  and  the  Bill  cure  vrould  not  be  found  in  this 
passed  through  Committee.  In  Bill  only.  In  the  two  years  of  its 
the  course  of  the  discussion,  seve-  operative  force,  the  Ooveroment 
ral  Members  expressed  their  co^  must  enter  upon  great  measures  of 
dial  thanks  to  the  Government  for  improvement.  If  this  were  not 
their  energetic  measures  for  pre-  doue,  the  Irish  Members  would 
serving  the  public  peace  on  the  not  stand  alone  in  voting  for  a 
day  of  the  Chartist  demonstration,  repeal  of  the  Union.  If  it  were 
Sir  George  Grey  took  the  oppor-  intended  to  rely  on  this  Bill  to 
timity    to   eulogise   in   eloquent  suppress  tiie  public  opinion  of  Ire- 


1                     HISTORY.  [137 

land,  he  solemnly  believed  that  existing  Govemment  depends 
things  would  soon  arrive  at  a  state  apon  rigid  abstinence  from  any 
compared  with  which  the  present  interference  with  what  is  passing 
would  be  but  the  beginning  of  the  in  France.  We  may  maintain  our 
end.  own  opinions  on  tluit  subject.  I 
The  SoUdtor-General,  in  an  have  mine.  But! believe  it  to  be 
able  ^>eech,  combated  the  ai^-  essential  to  the  peace  of  the  world 
menta  of  Mr.  W.  P.  Wood,  upon  and  to  the  stability  of  Govem- 
legal  aod  historical  groonds.  meht,  that  the  experiment  now 
Sir  R.  Feel  said  he  could  not  making  in  France  eha]!  have  a 
allow  the  Bill  to  pass  without  dis-  fair  trial,  withont  being  embar- 
tinctly  Avowing  his  approval  of  its  raseed  or  disturbed  by  extrinsic 
proviaions.  He  thought  it  right  intervention.  {Ix>ud  ehien.)  But, 
that  Tuen  who  had  not  the  dignity  at  the  same  time,  with  respect  to 
of  tniton  should  be  reduced  to  social  principles,  I  must  say  this, 
the  poaitioa  of  felons.  He  would  that  I  hope  the  working  clasaes  of 
pnt  a  stop  to  those  frogs  that  were  this  country  will  not  be  deluded 
croaking  sedition  in  the  mushes,  by  the  doctrines  that  are  held 
and  woold  not  allow  them  to  pu£F  upon  that  subject  which  inti- 
tbemaelves  into  the  dimensions  of  mately  concema  their  labour  and 
the  nobler  animals  that  bellowsd  the  wages  of  labour.  If  the  doc- 
treason.  He  warned  iXr.  O'Gon-  trines  that  are  tliere  maintained 
nor  that  those  who  drew  100,000  be  true — if  there  be  indeed  an 
pereoDS  together  could  not  foresee  antagonism  between  capital  and 
what  might  be  the  consequences,  lattour — if  it  be  true  that  all  men. 
After  showing  that  that  gentle-  without  rderence  to  their  differ- 
m&n's  declarations  of  loyalty  were  ent  cambilitJes,  difierent  strength, 
not  very  satiafoctory,  he  said,  that  and  difierent  qualifications,  are 
in  what  he  (Sir  Robert)  had  read  to  have  some  iron  formula  applied 
and  witnessed  in  the  last  ten  days,  to  them,  and  ore  all  to  receive 
he  saw  proof  that  there  was  good  the  same  daily  wages, — if  these 
reason  for  strengthening  for  a  things  be  true,  then  all  the  expe- 
time  the  hands  of  Her  Majesty's  rience  and  all  the  lights  of  ibe 
Government.  He  referred  to  last  hundred  aad  fifty  years  have 
the  magnificent  demonetration  of  existed  in  vain.  Let  us  bum  the 
loyalty  recently  made  in  the  me-  works  of  Turgot,  Bay,  and  Adam 
tiDpolis,  and  exhorted  the  Govern*  Smith.  Let  us  establish  in  tn- 
meat  and  the  Legislature  to  en-  umph  the  doctrines  of  the  Missia- 
conrage  those  whose  exertions  had  sippi  scheme,  and  the  principles  of 
been  so  admirable,  in  the  good  thatl^w  whowa»supposed  to  have 
ooniae  on  which  they  had  entered,  involved  France  in  misery  and  con- 
by  ibowing  their  united  determi-  fusion.  Let  us  waltfor  the  results 
nation  to  uphold  the  institutions  of  this  experiment.  Letuscalmly 
of  the  country  in  all  their  leading  contemplate  whether  it  is  possible 
principles,  and  on  their  ancient  that  executive  governments  can  be 
foundations.  He  then  referred  to  great  manu&cturers,  whether  it  be 
the  condition  of  France,  and  to  the  possible  for  them  to  force  capital 
wild  and  visionary  doctrines  current  to  employ  industry — whether  they 
in  that  nation.  He  said,  "  My  firm  can  contravene  the  decrees  of  Pro- 
belief  is,  that  the  security  of  every  vidence,  and  reduce  all  men,  with- 


138] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.        [EngUmd. 


oat  reference  to  habits  or  streDRth, 
to  receive  the  same  wage§.  For 
Ood's  sake,  give  that  eocial  prin- 
ciple the  same  fair  trial  as  70a 
are  about  to  see  given  to  the  poli- 
tical principle.  (Ckeert.)  But  I 
do  earnestly  trust — I  have  that 
confidence  in  the  good  sense  of 
the  working  classes  of  this  counti; 
— that  they  will  believe  that  no 
fiilse  delusion  of  the  compulsoi; 
sharing  of  profits,  no  enmitj  di- 
rected againat  capital,  no  extinc- 
tion of  competition  sniong  in- 
dividuals, no  overpovcering  of 
private  enterprise  by  Govern- 
ment undertakings  at  the  public 
expense,  can  possibly  be  for  the 
benefit  of  the  working  classes,  or 
have  any  other  ultimate  result 
than  involving  tbem  in  misery  and 
ruin."  {Loud  arid  continued  cheer- 
ing.) 

Mr.  Muntz  and  Mr.  Bright 
having  reiterated  their  objections 
to  the  measure,  and  Mr.  Adderley 
having  given  it  his  cordial  sup- 
port. 

Lord  J.  Russell  briefly  adverted 
to  the  different  objections  ui^ed 
by  different  Membere  against  the 
Bill,  which,  he  belie vedt  would 
tend  much  to  the  security  and 
peace  of  the  empire.  He  then 
referred  to  the  exciting  and  in- 
ffammatory  language  used  in  Dub- 
lin and  other  parts  of  Ireland, 
observing  that  it  might  lead  in 
some  parts  of  the  country  to  out- 
rage and  insurrection ;  but  that 
outrage  and  that  insurrection 
would  be  put  down,  because  the 
Government  had  the  means  of  so 
doing  at  its  disposal  in  the  loyalty 
and  affection  of  the  people,  and  in 
the  force  of  the  army,  whose  fide- 
lity had  been  most  foully  belied  in 
various  ways,  both  in  and  out  of 
that  House.  He  then  proceeded 
to  stale   that,  immediately  after 


Easter,  the  Honse  would  proceed 
to  the  discussion  of  measures 
which  related  to  the  political  state 
of  the  Irish  population.  Referring 
to  Mr.  J.  O'Connell's  announced 
motion  for  the  Repeal  of  the 
Union,  he  showed  that  all  the  griev- 
ances of  which  the  late  Mr.  G  rattan 
had  complained  In  the  Irish  Par- 
liament, and  which  remained  un- 
redressed by  that  Parliament,  had 
been  redressed  by  a  Parliament  of 
the  United  Kingdom.  He  de- 
clared his  readiness  to  listen  to 
any  proposition  supported  by  the 
great  m^ority  of  Irish  members, 
having  for  its  object  the  improve- 
ment of  the  laws  and  condition  of 
that  country ;  but  by  discussion  (if 
the  choice  should  be  for  argument), 
and  by  force  (if  recourse  were  had 
to  arms),  he  was  determined,  as 
long  as  there  was  breath  and  life 
in  Dim,  to  oppose  the  repeal  of 
the  legislative  Union.  The  noble 
Lord  then  resumed  his  seat  amid 
the  loudest  cheers. 

The  House  then  divided,  when 
there  appeared — 

For  the  third  reading       S95 
A^inst  it      ...     .       40 

Minority 265 

The  Bill  was  then  read  a  third 
time  and  passed,  amidst  much 
cheering. 

In  the  House  of  Lords  it  met 
with  much  less  discussion.  The 
Lord  Chancellor  having  moved  the 
second  reading  on  the  19th  in  a 
brief  explanatory  speech. 

Lord  Stanley  said  he  did  not  in- 
tend to  throw  any  impediment  in 
the  way  of  passing  the  Bill,  but  he 
called  attention  to  some  points 
that  hod  occurred  to  him  on  perus- 
ing it.  He  confessed,  looking  to  the 
importance  of  the  alteration  of  the 


£nglimd.'] 


HISTORY. 


[139 


Isw  proposed  by  the  Bill,  he  §bould 
have  been  better  pleased  if  more 
than  twenty-four  or  fort^-eight 
hours'  notice  had  been  ^veu  to  that 
House  to  rorm  its  decision — espe- 
cially as  the  law  was  founded  only 
on  temporary  causes.  Might  not 
the  GoTemment  have  been  con- 
tented with  the  powers  given  them 
in  the  seventh  dause,  of  prosecut- 
ing for  felony  in  certain  cBfies,  al- 
though the  tacts  proved  might 
amount  to  treason  ?  He  conld  not 
see  the  beuefit  of  a  distinction  be- 
tween compassing  the  imprison- 
ment and  restraint  of  the  Sovereign 
and  compassing  bis  deposition-^the 
first  crime  being  evidenced  by 
printing  or  writing,  and  the  second 
not.  He  was  also  under  an  appre- 
hension thati  as  felonies  were  now 
first  merged  in  treasons,  so  misde- 
meanours would  be  merged  in  felo- 
nies :  if  that  were  so,  cases  would 
very  likely  occur  in  Ireland  where 
it  would  be  moet  inconvenient  to 
prosecute  offenders  for  felonies,  but 
where  prosecution  for  misdemea- 
nonr  might  have  answered  all  pur- 
Lord  Brougham  threw  ont  some 
sot  unfriendly  criticisms.  If  this 
Bill  were  extended  in  it*  opera- 
tion t«  Scotland,  a  prisoner  there 
would,  for  the  first  time,  be  de- 
prived  of  his  right  to  a  list  of  the 
jury  and  a  list  of  the  witnesses 
gainst  him.  He  had  always  un- 
derstood levying  war  to  bo  a  sub- 
stantive offence ;  but  under  the 
Bill  it  seemed  to  be  no  offence 
until  levied  "  in  order  by  force  or 
constraint  to  compel "  the  Crown 
"to  change  its  measures  or  coon- 
sels."  He  gave  a  wamii^  to  the  pub- 
lic press,  that  though  Parliament 
protected  its  own  Members  in  the 
use  of  language  that  might  be  se- 
ditious or  treasonable,  yet  the  pub- 


lication of  such  language  by   the 

firess  ioade  the  printer  and  pub- 
isher  liable,  as  though  it  were  Uieir 
own  original  langut^. 

Lord  Campbell  admitted  that 
the  law  would  not  reach  Mr.  Smith 
O'Brien  for  his  language  in  the 
other  House,  but  neither  would  it 
reach  the  editors  or  reporters  of 
newspapers  for  reporting  Mr. 
O'Brien 'a  language.  With  r^ard 
to  reporting  speeches,  he  would 
be  the  last  man  to  punish  faith- 
fill  reports.  He  had,  indeed, 
some  years  a^,  introduced  a  Bill 
one  clause  of  which  provided  that 
no  person  who  gave  a  bon^  fid* 
and  honest  report  of  what  passed 
in  either  House  of  Parliament 
should  be  liable  to  punishment. 
That  Bill  was  seconded  by  Lord 
Brougham  himself,  and  had  met 
with  the  entire  approval  of  the 
Lord  Chief  Justice. 

Lord  Campbell  went  at  length 
into  the  general  doctrine  of  the 
law  on  the  question  of  "  open  and 
advised  speaking,"  and  showed  that 
the  Bill  introduced  no  new  invasion 
of  liberty. 

The  Duke  of  Wellington  highly 
^proved  of  the  objects  of  the  Bill. 
Be  considered  it  absolutely  neces- 
sary to  apply  some  efficient  check 
to  the  evils  consequent  on  the  gi- 
gantic meetings  by  which  this  and 
the  sister  country  had  been  dis- 
turbed. Matters  had  come  to  that 
pass  that  the  law  was  an  object  of 
contempt  to  every  one  of  the  per- 
sons who  broke  it.  When  proceed- 
ings had  been  commenced  against 
three  persons,  and  after  they  had 
been  brought  before  the  Magis- 
trates, and  bail  hod  been  taken  for 
their  coming  to  trial,  one  of  them 
repeated  the  offence  with  which  he 
was  charged ;  and  the  other  two 
carried  out  their  attempts  in  an 


140]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.        [England,, 

misdetneanoare,  and  might  always 
be  put  down  bj  the  existing  lawa. 
With  respect  to  one  point  of  the 
Bill — the  privilege  of  umlleoge  pos- 
sessed by  prisoners — he  shonld  be 
Borry  to  see  prisoners  in  Ireland 
deprived  of  that  priTilege. 

Earl  St.  Germains  gave  the  Bill 
a  quaUfied  support;  and  it  was 
read  a  second  time,  and  on  the 
following  evening  passed  through 
its  remaining  stages  without  oppo' 

Another  measure  which  derived 
its  origin  from  the  occurrences  of 
this  eventful  crisis,  was  a  Bill  for 
enabling  the  Government  to  com- 
pel the  departure  of  aliens  from 
this  country  in  oertun  cases.  The 
subject  was  fitst  moated  on  the 
lltb  April,  when  the  Duke  of 
Beaufort  called  the  attention  of  the 
House  of  Lords  to  the  number  of 
fore^ers  seen  in  the  streets  of  the 
metropolis,  and  inquired  if  Govern- 
ment intended  t«  apply  to  the 
Legislature  for  powers  to  remove 
aliens? 

The  Marquis  of  Lanadovrae  said 
he  held  in  bis  band  a  Bill  for 
ferring  on  Ministers  ample  powers, 
to  be  exercised  upon  thair  responsi- 
bility,  for  a.  limited  time,  and  in 
certain  coses,  to  compel  the  depar- 
ture of  persons  coming  here  not 
from  the  Bcoostomed  motives  ol 
business  and  pleasure.  Crowds 
foreigners  were  resorting  to  tiiia 
countiy  whose  olgeot  could  not 
be  ascertained,  and  Government 
thought  it  their  duty  to  stand  pre- 
pared against  eveiy  contingency. 

A  day  or  two  afterwards  the  noble 
Lord  moved  the  second  reading  of 
this  Bill.vrith  some  further  explana- 
tions. He  said  it  had  been  found 
necessary  that  such  a  power  as  that 
to  be  conferred  by  the  Bill  should 
be  lodged  somewhere.  The  Bsecu- 


ofFensive  mission  to  another  coun- 
tiy. What  ware  those  but  aggra- 
vations of  the  offences  already  com- 
mitted, and  a  throwing  of  contempt 
on  the  law?  Through  this  con- 
tempt of  the  law,  there  would  soon 
be  no  authority  but  itiat  of  phy- 
dcal  force.  In  1881,  there  were 
extraordinary  riots  at  Bristol,  and 
also  at  Lyons :  at  Bristol,  Cdonel 
Brereton  saved  the  town  from  en- 
tire conBagmtion,  and  restored 
order,  with  one  squadron  of  dra- 

rions;  at  LyotiB,  a  Marshal  of 
ranee  needed  60,000  men  to  save 
the  town  from  destroctioo.  Such  in 
1831  was  the  respect  for  the  law 
in  Bristol.  But  where  vras  the 
respect  for  the  law  in  London  now, 
when  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
citizena  and  thousands  of  armed 
troops  were  found  necessary  to  pre- 
serve the  peace?  The  tranaao- 
tions  in  Ireland  during  the  last  few 
years  hod  been  the  cause  of  this 
altered  stat«  of  public  feeling.  A 
messure  was  necessary  which  should 
apply  to  such  transactions.  He  did 
not  want  to  put  down  discussion, 
and  hoped  it  would  olnavB  be  al- 
lowed on  every  subject  whereon  it 
could  be  wished:  but  let  it  be  at 
meetings  of  such  numbers  only  as 
oould  hear  what  was  said  ;  and  let 
not  the  meetings,  under  the  pre- 
tence of  discussion,  be  made  sssem- 
■  blages  to  create  terror  and  over- 
awe the  Government. 

Lord  Denman  ^eed  that  in 
certain  quarters  there  was  an  in- 
creased contempt  for  the  law  ;  but 
he  thought  that  the  feeling  was  over- 
rated. Indeed,  the  spectacle  which 
had  lately  been  exhibited  was  proof 
of  the  estimation  in  which  nun- 
dreds  of  thousands  of  citizens  held 
that  law  which  they  met  to  uphold. 
With  regard  to  monster  meetings, 
he  thought  they  were  themselves 


EngUmd.] 


HISTORY. 


[141 


tire  would  be  enabled  to  exerrase 
diacretion  in  the  removal  of  fo- 
reigners from  this  conntiy  ;  acdng 
not  with  reference  to  the  conduct  of 
tbe  indiTiduftls  elsewhere,  but  with 
reference  to  their  conduct  here. 
The  power  would  be  exercised  hj 
the  Home  Secretatr. 

The  Earl  of  Ellenbonragb  only 
(^gocted  to  the  Bill  that  it  did  not 
go  BO  &r  as  the  last  Alien  Act. 
AlieuB  were  required  to  present 
■  passport,  and  make  a  decuration 
under  the  Act  of  1896 ;  the  only 
penalty  if  they  failed  to  do  so  being 
a  fiue  of  40«.  But  there  would  be 
Bo  means  of  executing  this  mea- 
sure,  unless  the  most  stringent 
proyisione  were  introduced  in  refe- 
rence to  passports  and  registration. 
Under  the  last  Alien  Act,  tbe  arms 
of  aliens  might  be  seized ;  aliens 
might  be  directed  to  land  at  par- 
ticular places ;  passports  might  be 
refoeed ;  aliens  might  be  commit' 
ted ;  magistrates  might  require  pro- 
duction of  passports.  What  the 
noble  Lord  proposed  was  but  a  frac- 
tional part  of  that  Act  The  Bill 
would  be  utterly  inoperative  unless 
the  number  of  aliens  oould  be 
ascertained. 

Earl  Grey  admitted  that  the 
present  measure  would  not  secure 
a  complete  register  of  all  foreign- 
MB ;  but  he  feared  that  a  system  of 
T^[istration  could  not  be  devised 
whii^  riiould  be  complete  and  yet 
not  interfere  with  the  ordinary 
sfiaiis  of  life  and  the  ordinary  pur- 
suits of  persons  who  had  no  crimi- 
nal intentions.  He  believed,  how- 
srer,  that  the  Bill  wonld  give  quite 
lofficient  power  to  protect  the  coun- 
tiy  from  the  abuse  of  hospitality  by 
foreigners  who  might  enaeavour  to 
Btir  up  civil  strife. 

The  Bill  was  supported  by  Lord 
Stsnley  and  tbe  Duke  cJ  Richmond, 
who  regretted  at  the  same  time 


that  it  was  not  more  atringent. 
Lord  Denman  also  approved  of  it, 
but  expressed  his  oouoem  that  it 
should  be  necessary.  He  must, 
however,  say  that  in  his  humble 
opinion  none  of  these  Bills  ought 
to  be  dealt  with  in  periods  of  ex- 
citement, disturbance,  and  alarm ; 
but  that,  in  timesof  peace,  the  Go- 
Ternment  and  Parliament  ought  to 
consider  what  was  the  best  mode 
of  governing  the  country  when  any 
outbreak  should  occur.  The  BiU 
was  then  read  a  second  time. 

The  principle  of  this  Bill  en- 
countered, some  degree  of  opposi- 
tion in  the  House  of  Commons. 

Sir  George  Grey  having  moved  the 
second  reading  on  the  Ist  May, with 
a  brief  explanation  of  its  objects, 

Sir  William  Molesworth  strenu- 
ously opposed  the  measure,  moving 
that  the  second  reading  be  on  that 
day  sis  mouths.  So  for  as  it 
r^rded  aliens.  It  was  analogous 
in  principle  to  the  famous  law 
of  suspected  persons  of  the  17tb 
September,  1TQ3,  one  of  the  most 
accursed  laws  of  the  Reign  of 
Terror.  It  was  a  repetition  al- 
most word  for  word  oi  the  Idth, 
16th,  and  17th  sections  of  the  Alien 
Act  of  179S— on  Act  which,  like 
this,  was  proposed  as  a  temporary 
law,  but  which  had  been  continued 
from  year  to  year  for  thirty-three 
years,  before  the  opposition  to  it 
from  eveiy  man  of  note  in  the 
Liberal  party  was  successful.  Lord 
John  Russell  himself  made  his 
maiden  speech  agtunst  that  Bill  in 
1814.  In  1824,  Lord  John  and 
Hfr.  Denman  were  tbe  tellers 
against  the  Bill.  Od  the  last  occa- 
aion,  (alas  for  human  s^acity  and 
forethought!)  Lord  John  expressed 
his  hope  that  that  would  be  the 
last  tjme  he  should  raise  his  voice 
on  the  subject;  as  be  was  con- 
\-inoed  that,  after  the  expiration  of 


142] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[England. 


the  Act,  tbe  House  would  look  book 
on  it  ss  a  meaaare  which  ought 
nerer  to  have  been  sanctioned.  The 
present  measure  was  directed  espe- 
ciallj  against  Frenchmen,  and  was 
oSianBiTe  and  impolitic.  It  more- 
over paid  but  an  ill  compliment  to 
the  feelinge  of  our  own  people. 
The  score  of  desperate  characters 
now  in  London,  gainst  whose  ma- 
chinations the  Bil]  was  to  guard, 
would  be  harmless  in  this  country 
though  dangerous  in  their  own; 
for  here  they  would  find  neither  a 
Monarch  self-seeking  and  hated, 
a  Ministi7  comipt,  an  upper  class 
profligate  and  despised,  nor  a  mid- 
dle class  indifferent  to  the  institu- 
tions of  their  country.  Sir  Wil- 
liam Molesworth  would  not,  because 
he  had  confidence  in  the  Ministry, 
give  them  powers  which  every  per- 
son on  their  side  of  the  House 
would  have  refused  to  Sir  Robert 
Feel  if  he  had  asked  for  them. 

Lord  Dudley  Stuart  remarked, 
that  under  this  fiill  a  Secretary  of 
State  need  not,  in  some  cases,  have 
actoal  "  information  "  against,  but 
only  "apprehensions"  concerning 
an  alien,  to  justify  seizing  him  and 
expelling  him  from  the  country. 

The  Attorney- General  corrected 
some  misapprehensions  which  had 
been  expressed  as  to  the  law.  In 
1703,  foreigners  had  almost  insu- 
perable obstacles  placed  in  the  way 
of  their  becoming  naturalized  sub- 
jects. The  law  was  no  longer  in  that 
State.  The  difficulty  and  the  ex- 
pense of  being  natundized  were  now 
nominal ;  and  any  person  wishing 
to  reside  here  permanently  might 
become  naturalized,  on  proof  that 
he  had  no  designs  against  the  peace 
or  institutions  of  the  country ;  and 
on  becoming  naturalized,  would  be 
immediately  exempted  from  the 
operation  of  the  Bill.  Under  the 
Bill,  too,  the  Government  could 


only  act  od  information  which  the 
Secretary  of  State  would  be  bound 

The  other  speakers  were — for 
the  Bill,  the  Earl  of  Arundel  and 
Surrey,  Mr.  Henry  Drummond, 
and  Captain  Harris.  Against  it, 
Mr.  W.  J.  Fox,  Mr.  Hume,  Mr. 
Ewart,  and  Mr.  Urquhart,  who 
quoted  Leviticns  xxiv.  33,  and 
Numbers  ix.  14,  that  there  should 
be  but  "  one  ordinance  both  for  the 
stranger  and  for  him  that  was  bom 
in  the  land."  Dr.  Bowting  ob- 
served that  al)  men  are  Propagand- 
ists, so  far  as  they  are  able ;  but  he 
had  faith  that  all  our  institutions 
which  were  of  real  value  would  be 
maintained  by  the  good  opinion  of 
those  interested  in  them. 

On  a  division,  the  second  reading 
was  carried  by  Ul  to  92. 

It  was  the  opinion  of  a  certain 
class  of  politicians,  at  this  crisis, 
that  the  true  remedy  for  the  dan- 
gers and  discontents  which  pre- 
vuled  was  U>  be  found  in  a  larger 
concession  of  popular  claims,  and 
that  the  constitution  would  be 
most  effectually  strengthened  by 
widening  the  basis  of  representa- 
tion in  Parliament.  The  veteran 
Keformer,  once  Member  for  Mid- 
dlesex and  now  for  Montrose,  Mr. 
Joseph  Hume,  took  the  lead  in  this 
new  movement,  and  at  some  large 
public  meetings,  which  took  place 
about  this  time,  he  expressed  in 
strong  terms  his  sense  of  the  expe- 
diency of  a  wide  extension  of  the 
elective  franchise.  Associations 
were  formed  and  meetings  held  in 
various  parts  of  the  kingdom  for 
the  promotion  of  this  object,  and 
Mr.  Hume  undertook  to  bring  the 
question  to  a  teat  by  a  formal  mo- 
tion in  the  House  of  Commons. 
The  day  fixed  for  the  debate  was 
the  Slst  June,  when,  after  several 
nnmerously  signed   petitions  hod 


BngtandJ] 


HISTORY. 


been  presented  in  favoar  of  Mr. 
Home's  object,  that  gentlenuQ  rose 
to  more  a  reeolation  in  die  follow- 
ing terms  t— 

"  That  this  House,  as  at  present 
Gonatitoted,  does  not  fairly  repre- 
Bent  the  population,  the  property, 
or  the  industry  of  the  country; 
whence  has  arisen  great  and  in- 
creasing discontent  in  the  minds  of 
a  large  portion  of  the  people  :  and 
it  is  therefore  expedient,  with  a 
view  to  amend  the  national  repre- 
sentation, that  the  elective  fran- 
chise shall  be  so  extended  as  to  in- 
clude all  householders ;  that  votes 
shall  be  taken  by  ballot ;  that  the 
duration  of  Parliaments  shall  not 
exceed  three  years ;  and  that  the 
apportionment  of  Members  to  po- 
pulation shall  be  made  more 
equal." 

Mr.  Hume  began  1^  referring 
to  the  numerous  petitions  which 
had  been  presentea  upon  that  and 
previous  days,  denying  that  they 
bad  been  coococted  by  any  undue 
inSuence    or    organized    confede- 

He  glanced  at  the  state  of 
public  feeling  in  this  country — 
the  general  disposition,  amid  the 
disturbance  of  Europe,  to  main- 
tain order,  and  especially  the 
maintenance  of  peace  on  the  lOih 
of  April  last.  It  was  for  the 
Hoose,  however,  to  consider  whe- 
ther those  who  had  manifested  at 
that  crisis  such  a  determination  to 
obtain  an  extension  of  the  snffrage, 
had  just  cause  of  complaint.  He 
believed  that  if  the  Reform  Bill 
had  not  been  granted,  much  more 
Berions  distnrbances  would  have 
happened-  Our  position,  however, 
had  materially  dtered  within  the 
last  three  or  four  years ;  events  bad 
changed  the  condition  and  relative 
situation  of  the  working  classes 
with  other  classes  io  this  countiy. 


[US 

We  formerly  boasted,  that,  while 
in  other  countries  despots  main- 
tained themselves  by  large  armies, 
we  could  mainttun  the  peace  and 
welfare  of  the  country  by  the 
agency  of  Parliament,  without  the 
aid  of  military  measures.  But 
whereas  we  were  formerly  a  civil 
nation,  we  had  now  become  a 
military  nation,  with  a  great  ex- 
penditure; and  the  discontent  in 
the  oountiy  had  become  general. 
It  was  upon  that  ground  that  he 
felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  submit  to 
the  House  what  he  thought  would 
be  a  remedy  for  existing  evils. 

Reverting  to  the  Reform  Act  of 
18Sa,  he  contended  that  it  had 
failed  to  answer  all  the  purposes 
for  which  it  was  intended.  "  Par- 
liament purports  to  be  an  engine 
for  governing  a  constitutional 
country,  all  classes  being  repre- 
sented ;  is  that  so  now?  Taxation 
and  representation  should  go  to- 
gether. Eveiy  man  should  have 
his  share  in  eauctioning  the 
laws  by  which  be  is  governed — 
the  sole  difTcrence  between  a  free- 
man and  a  slave.  The  Crown, 
Lords,  and  Commons,  form  the 
best  method  of  giving  effect  to 
that  constitutional  government : 
the  House  of  Commons,  therefore, 
ought  to  be  invested  with  the 
highest  authority  and  influence  in 
the  country;  no  act  of  the  Crown 
oi^t  to  be  valid  n-itbout  its  sanc- 
tion ;  and  the  large  classes  of  the 
community  ought  to  be  repre- 
sented. But  what  is  the  fact? 
Five  out  of  every  six  male  adults 
in  this  country  are  without  any 
voice  in  the  election  of  the  repre- 
sentatives to  that  House.  The 
population  of  Great  Britain  was 
18,500,0nn  in  1841 ;  out  of  the 
male  adults  above  twenty- one, 
taking  the  average — some  indi- 
vidoals  being  r^stered  for  three. 


144]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [B«jj/and. 

four,  or  five  different  places — the  lets,  with  ft  popnUtioti  of  400,000, 
number  of  registered  electors  does  were  neutralized  by  Harwich,  with 
not  amount  to  more  than  from  a  population  of  3,700,  Some  large 
800,000  to  8&0,000.  The  rest  of  towns  had  no  representatives, 
the  5.000,000  or  6,000,000  adalta  Mr.  Hume  cit«d  statistics  ad- 
who  have  not  this  privilege  are  duced  by  the  late  Ur.  O'Connell, 
placed  in  an  inferior  situation,  showing  the  scant;  representation 
snd  deprived  of  that  riffht  which  of  Ireland;  and  othera  from  a 
hj  the  constitutioQ  they  are  en-  pamphlet  recently  published,  illus- 
titled  to  enjoy.  At  eighteen,  or  trating  the  general  inequality.  To 
even  sixteen  years  of  age,  a  man  prove  how  unequally  different  in- 
can  be  drawn  for  the  militia  and  terests  and  populations  are  balanced 
called  out  to  quell  riots.  Yet  in  the  House  of  Commons,  betook 
classes  of  workmen  distinguished  twenty-two  boroughs,  the  aggre> 
for  their  industry,  intelligence,  gate  population  of  which  wasbnt 
and  ability,  are  excluded  irom  the  a  fraction  above  100,000,  and 
fhmchise."  Mr.  Hume  cited  the  found  that  they  had  42  repre- 
oath  taken  by  Cabinet  Ministers  to  sentatives  in  the  House  of  Corn- 
maintain  the  peace  of  the  country,  mons, — that  is  to  aay,  one  Member 
and,  quoting  the  words  of  Earl  for  every  ^,390  persons;  while 
Grey  when  introducing  the  Reform  twenty  other  cities  and  boroughs. 
Bill  in  1831,  maintained  that  the  with  an  aggregate  population  of 
vay  to  do  so  is  by  ^ving  to  the  8,780,000,  dso  returned  iil  Mem- 
people  "  a  full,  vigorous,  and  effi-  hers,  being  one  Member  for  about 
cient"  representation.  every  90,000  persons.  The  Me- 
He  quoted  various  definitions  of  tropolis,  including  all  its  Farlia- 
liousehold  suffrage;  Sir  Thomas  mentary  districts,  with  a  popular 
Smith's  dictum,  in  the  time  of  tion  of  S.OOO.OOO,  was  represented 
Elizabeth,  that  in  one  way  or  by  16  Members  in  ParliamenL 
other  "  every  Englishman  is  in-  The  eight  boroughs  of  Bridge- 
tended  to  be  present  in  Parlia-  north,  Honiton,  Harwich,  Thet- 
ment,  either  in  person  or  hj  pro-  ford,  Richmond  (Yorkshire),  Tot- 
curation,"  &c. ;  the  declaration  of  nese,  Stafford,  andLymington, with 
the  Hampden  Club,  in  1814,  that  an  aggregate  population  falling 
every  adult  male  who  paid  taxes  short  of  40,000,  returned  the  same 
bad  a  right  to  vote  for  Members  number  of  Members, 
of  Parliament ;  with  other  declora-  Another  evil  was  the  great  dtver- 
tione  of  a  similar  kind.     He  then  sity  of  the  franchise.  Althoi^h  the 

3uot«d   a   number    of   statistical  ten-pound  rental  was  the  standard 

etails  from  various  sources,  show-  for  boroughs,  and  the  forty-shilling 

ing  how  partially  and  imequally  freehold  the  standard  for  counties, 

the  franchise  is  distributed.  Hunt-  there  were,  in  truth,  no  fewer  than 

ingdoQ,  Westmoreland,  and  Rut-  eighty-five  different  kinds  of  fran- 

land,  with  36,000  adult  males  and  chise.     It  was  scarcely  possible  to 

9,000 electors, returned  6Members,  appreciate  the  confusion,  the  delay, 

and  thus  neutralized  the  6  Mem-  and  the  expense  that  such  a  system 

bersof  Middlesex, West  Yorkshire,  produces.    What  the  House  ought 

and  South  Lancashire,  with  a  popn-  to  do,  was  to  render  the  sufirage  as 

lation  of  316,000  adult  males  and  simple,  as  general,  as  easily  ob- 

73,000  electors.  The  Tower  Ham-  tained,  and  as  easily  d  '    '  ' 


EngUmd.]  HISTORY.  [145 

poaaibla.    Mr.  Hume  enumerated  the  disdaodon  between  personal 

maaj  mietiet  of  the  fmnchlBe, —  rights  and  pn^>ert7.    He  did  not 

hj  estate  in  fee,  occupation,  mar-  wish  to  draw  that  distinction  too 

nage   settlement,   joint  tenancy,  tight;   but  be  mnat  say,  that  br 

promotion  to   a   benefice,   lease-  Uie  Uw  as    it   stood   too   mucn 

iwlding,  corporate  right,  &c.  attention  had  been  paid  to  bricks 

He  argued  that  want  of  con-  and  mortar  and  too  little  to  br&ins, 

fidence  in  the  rwresentation  mads  and  the  time  has  now  come  when 

tbfl  people  indifferent  to  the  acts  common  sense  should  prevail, 
of  the  Legislature;  and  with  that         Mr.  Hume  then  went  over  all 

indifierence  the  public  expenditure  the  several  parts  of  his  proposition, 

ms  increasing.  maintaining  that  each  was  proper 

He  then  explained,  that  in  and  expedient  Not  desiring 
liis  notice  the  word  "  all "  was  un-  change  for  the  sake  of  change,  he 
intentJonally  omitted;  and  he  now  would  not  cut  np  the  country  into 
supplied  tluB  definition  of  bouse-  electoral  districts,  and  he  would 
bold  BDffi:sge — "  That  every  such  sot  disturb  the  distribution  of 
person  of  faU  age,  and  not  subject  Membvs  for  Enoland.  Ireland, 
to  any  mental  or  l^al  incapaoity,  and  Scotland.  He  thought  tliat  the 
who  shall  have  occupied  a  house,  duration  of  Parliaments  for  three 
or  part  of  a  house,  for  twelve  years  would  afibrd  sufficient  con- 
months,  and  shall  have  been  rated  trol  over  Members.  There  vres  no 
to  the  poor  for  that  period,  ehall  property  qualification  in  Scotland, 
be  renstered  as  an  elector ;  and  and  he  did  not  see  any  reason  why 
eveiy  lodger  shall  have  the  right  England  and  Ireland  should  not 
to  daim  to  be  rated  to  the  poor,  be  put  on  the  same  footing.  He 
and  after  such  rating  and  resid-  quoted  copiously  from  Lorn  John 
enoe  for  twelve  months  be  shall  Kussell's  speech  on  the  1st  of 
be  registered  as  an  elector."  There  March,  1881,  introducing  the  Re- 
woola  bo  no  difflcnll?  in  cerryina  form  Bill.  Lord  John  then  held 
out  this  object.  The  apparatus  all  that  it  was  necessary  to  re-establish 
existed.  By  the  present  laiv,  every  confidence  and  sympathy  between 
house  waa  rated  to  the  poor;  and  the  House  and  its  constituents; 
the  Act  conferring  this  sufErage  not  wishing  to  encumber  that  par- 
would  provide  that  every  man  who  tioular  measure  with  other  matters, 
so  desired  might,  upon  entering  he  left  such  questions  as  ballot  and 
upon  the  occupation  of  part  of  the  duration  of  Parliaments  to 
a  house,  have  a  right  to  be  future  consideration;  and  he  closed 
nUed  for  a  portion,  whatever  it  his  speech  with  this  declaration — 
might  be,  of  Uie  poor  rate  assessed  "  It  is  the  only  way  calculated  to 
upon  that  house.  Thus  registra-  insure  permanency  to  that  consti- 
tion  and  resideitce,  both  of  which  tution  which  has  so  long  been  the 
irare  important,  would  be  secured,  admiration  of  foreign  nadons,  on 
and  a  line  would  be  drawn  between  account  of  its  popukr  spirit ;  but 
the  mere  vagrant  and  the  worthy  that  admiration  cannot  condnue  to 
and  educated  man  who  was  now  ex-  exist  much  longer,  unless,  by  an  in- 
cluded firom  the  sufi'rage  merely  on  fusion  of  new  popular  spirit,  you 
account  of  the  nature  of  his  occu-  show  that  you  are  determined  not 
pation.  It  might  be  argued  that  to  be  the  repreeentadves  of  small 
this  proposal  would  not  keep  np  dassee  or  particular  inlereste,  but 

Vol.  XC.  [L] 


146] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [England. 


■  ibaX  you  will  foria  a  body  whicb, 
repreeeDting  die  people — which, 
springing  from  the  people — which, 
sympathizing  with  the  people — can 
&irly  call  upon  the  people  to  sup- 
port any  future  burdens,  and  to 
struggle  with  any  future  difficulties 
you  may  hare  to  encounter,  coufidsnt 
that  those  who  ask  them  bo  to  do 
are  united  heart  and  hand  with 
them,  and  look  only,  like  them- 
aelres,  to  the  glory  and  wel&re  of 
England." 

&Jr.  Hume  concluded  by  urging 
upon  the  House  that  the  time  was 
come  for  one  of  two  alteraatiTes — 
either  to  coerce  the  people,  or  to 
grant  them  new  civil  rights.  This 
ooimtry  had  incurred  a  debt  of 
eOO.OOO.OOOZ.  hy  the  late  war  to 
atem  the  demand  for  popular  in-, 
atitutions — a  weight  dT  taxation 
that  would  have  been  avoided  if 
Parliamentary  Reform  had  been 
granted,  before  1793,  by  Mr.  Pitt. 
In  conclusion,  he  promised  that, 
if  he  were  perautted  to  bring  in  a 
Bill,  he  would  willingly  submit  it 
to  revision  in  details. 

Dr.  Bowring  seconded  the  motion. 

Mr.  Heniy  Drummond  assented 
to  much  that  had  follen  from  Mr. 
Hume ;  the  subject  now  before  the 
House  had  occupied  much  of  his  own 
attention  many  years  since,  and  he 
had  published  a  pamphlet  upon  it 
in  1839.  He  observed,  however, 
opoQ  the  inconsistencies  involved 
in  Mr.  Hume's  argument.  Some- 
times he  had  seemed  to  regard 
the  Parliament  as  the  Xi^islature ; 
at  other  times  as  the  Executive 
body;  he  seemed,  at  one  time,  to 
regard  the  franchise  as  a  trust,  at 
another  as  a  right.  He  wished  to 
know  who  the  parties  were  who 
were  now  making  the  demands 
which  Mr.  Hume  advocated. 
They  were  men  who  from  various 
causes  were   suffering  great  dis- 


tress, and  were,  therefore,  not  the 
parties  to  argue  any  question 
coolly;  they  were  intellectual  spe- 
culators— lawyers  without  clients, 
doctors  without  patients,  dreamers 
of  every  kind — in  a  word,  they 
were  men  ready  to  throw  the 
world  again  back  into  chaos,  in 
the  hope  that  they  should  be  able 
to  denve  some  benefit  to  them- 
selves out  of  the  general  confu- 
sion. He  read  some  of  the  docu- 
ments issued  by  these  parties,  for 
the  piuposa  of  showing  the  strange 
ideas  which  they  entertained  of  the 
purposes  of  Government.  Accord- 
mg  to  their  ideas,  the  Throne  and 
the  Peerage  were  evils  to  be  en- 
dured only  till  they  could  he 
quietly  got  rid  of.  Be  had  been 
no  party  to  the  Beform  Bill ;  be 
hated  it  when  it  was  first  passed ; 
he  hated  it  still ;  but  he  was  living 
under  it  He  thought,  however, 
that  those  who  spoke  of  it  as  a 
final  measure  must  have  had  little 
foresight  if  they  did  not  see  that 
it  was  only  the  first  step  to  many 
larger  and  more  extensive  mea- 
sures. He  regarded  the  extension 
of  the  franchise  as  a  necessary  con- 
sequence of  the  Reform  Act ;  bat,  if 
men  were  to  be  discontented  be- 
cause they  were  not  in  a  state  of 
equality,  discontented  they  must 
remain  to  all  etemi^.  As  to  the 
duration  of  Parliaments,  be  had  no 
objection  to  triennial  or  to  annual 
ones.  Septennial  Parliaments  were 
a  Whig  invention,  and  be  disliked 
them.  A  quinquennial  election  was 
a  novel^,  and  as  such  objection- 
able. Mr.  Drummoud  ridiculed  the 
idea  of  the  representation  of  parti- 
cular classes;  the  absurdity  of  it 
would  appear  as  soon  as  it  wa& 
attempted  to  carry  it  out  into  prac- 
tice. He  suggested  the  extension 
of  the  BufTrage  to  every  possessor 
of  any  definable  sort  of  property.' 


£>i;faxl.] 


HISTORY. 


[147 


There  was  no  principle  in  fixing  an 
arbitrary  amount — uone  in  a  101. 
franchise  that  was  not  found  in  a 
fomchisa  of  9/.  19*.  Gd. 

Lord  John  Roesell  rose  early  in 
the  debate,  because  be  thought  tbe 
House  was  entitled  to  an  early  ex- 
planation of  his  Tiews,  not  only 
with  regard  to  tbia  moticm,  but  to 
other  qneetions  atdn  to  it  After 
referring  briefly  to  the  petitions 
which  had  been  presented,  and  vin- 
dicating some  expressions  recently 
used  by  himself,  which  hod  been 
perverted  by  speakers  at  public 
meetings  into  a  declaration  of  his 
belief  that  the  people  desired  no 
further  reforms,  the  noble  Lord 
proceeded  to  combat  the  riews  ad- 
vocated by  the  mover  of  the  reso- 
lotioQ.  He  accepted  Mr.  Hume's 
admisBJon  that  tbe  Reform  Act 
bad  been  mainly  instrumental  in 
maintaining  the  peace  of  the  coun- 
tiy  during  the  recent  excitement 
as  a  proof  that  it  had  averted  dis- 
order and  conferred  benefit  on  the 
country.  If  Mr.  Hume's  asser- 
tion were  correct,  that  every  mati 
who  contributed  to  the  taxes  had 
a  right  to  a  vote,  there  was  an  eud 
to  tbe  question,  and  there  was  no 
occasion  for  tbe  restrictions  and 
qualifications  with  which  Mr.  Hume 
was  now  going  to  encumber  that 
pretended  right.  Ifevery  manhad 
that  right.  ■  what  did  Mr.  Hume 
mean  by  now  restricting  it  to  all 
householders?  Even  under  his  de- 
finition of  household  suffrage  some 
two  or  three  millions  of  adult  males 
would  be  excluded  from  the  repre- 
sentation, and  thus  tbe  universal 
content  which  be  wished  to  intro- 
duce would  not  be  obtained. .  He 
difiered  &om  Mr.  Hume  as  to  the 
basis  of  his  proposed  represento- 
tioD.  That  which  every  man  of 
fiill  age  bad  a  right  to  was  the  best 
poBsible  government  and  tbe  beet 


representative  system  which  the 
Legislattire  conld  form.  If  uni- 
versal sufErage  would  give  tbe  best 
representative  system,  the  best 
laws,  and  the  best  government, 
the  people  would  have  a  right  to 
it ;  but,  if  universal  stifirage  would 
not  give  this,  then  it  was  mere  idle 
pedejitry  to  say  that  every  man 
hod  a  right  to  a  vote  and  was  en- 
titled to  share  in  legislation.  In 
considering  this  question,  he  could 
not  but  recollect  that  oura  vws  a 
mixed  constitution,  that  we  bad  a 
Sovereign  and  a  House  of  Lords, 
and  that  they  were  not  evils  to  be 
endured,  but  institutions  to  be 
proud  of.  Tacitus  had  said  that 
every  goTemment  was  formed  of 
monarchy,  aristocracy,  or  demo- 
cracy— that  a  government  formed 
out  of  the  three  might  he  easily 
conceived,  but  could  not  easily  be 
brought  to  pass,  and  that,  if  it  could 
be  brought  to  pass,  it  could  not  be 
durable.  That  sentiment  had  been 
justified  by  the  experience  of  all 
the  modem  nations  of  the  world, 
save  one,  and  that  one  was  Eng- 
land. We,  therefore,  ought  to  ap- 
ply ourselves  with  the  greatestcau- 
tion  and  anxiety  to  any  plan  which 
vrould  alter  in  any  way  the  adjust: 
ment  of  the  different  powers  of  the 
constitution,  as  this  plan  would  do 
in  regard  to  our  whole  representa- 
tive system.  The  noble  Lord  then 
entered  into  a  long  argument  to 

Erove  that  a  Parliament  elected  by 
ousebolders  and  lodgers  would  not 
be  a  better  Parliament  than  the 
present.  If  such  a  representative 
system  were  adopted,  it  would  ren- 
der it  necessary  to  adopt  such  a 
division  of  the  country  into  elec- 
toral districts  as  was  contemplated 
in  the  so  -  called  People's  Char- 
ter. Having  shown  that  such  a 
division  would  not  be  conducive  to 
tbe  interests  of  Ute  people,  he  next 
[L2] 


^, 


148]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

proceeded  to  argue  thftt  the  appor-  electors  of  Stroad,  in  1880,  either 

tionmeiit  of  the  representation  to  to  diafranchiBe  the  freemen  or  to 

the  population  would  lead  to  such  make  them  the  representatiTes  of 

oollisioDs  of  opinion  between  the  the  industrious  mechanics  in  our 

representatives  of  the  town   and  large    manufacturing    towns  who 

country  districts  as  would  be  in-  were  not  entitled  to  vote  at  pre- 

jiuioaB  to  its  fiiture  tnnquillity.  sent.     He  had  also  said  that  the 

He  declined  to  enter  into  any  long  101.  franchise  was  too  much  fet- 

argument  as  to  the  vote  by  ballot,  tered  by  restriction,  and  that  the 

though  he  was  of  opinion  that  it  system  of  registration  was  compli- 

would  he  no  remedy  against  inti-  cated  and  vexatious.    From  1639 

midation.    He  also  declared  him-  to  the  present  day  neither  Mr. 

self  satisfied  with  the  present  du-  Hume    nor    his    colleagues    bad 

ration  of  Parliament,  and  should  brought  forward    any  proposition 

not  give  his  vote  for  any  change  in  for  the  reconstruction  of  the  House 

it.     He  then  proceeded  to  defend  of  Commons.     Nor  had  he  (Lord 

the  ileform  Act,  by  showing  that  J.  Rusaell).     Yet  it  appeared   to 

since  it  was  passed  ibe  House  had  him  that  the  public  mind  was  now 

not  been  the  mere  servant  of  the  turned  to  the  subject,  and  that  the 

aristocracy,  or  the   bigoted  oppo-  time  was  at  hand,  if  it  had  not 

nent   of  all   plans    at  ameliora-  already  come,  when  some  reforms 

tion.    No  one  who  considered  the  of  the  nature  to  which  be  hod  just 

changes  which   bad    been    made  alluded  must  be  made  in  the  repre- 

Bince   1832   could    say  that   the  sentative  system.     The  inquiries 

House  of  Commons  bad  not  re-  which  the  House  was  then  making 

sponded    quickly  and    readily  to  into  the  proceedings  of  some  cor- 

iiublic  opinion.  He  then  recapitu-  nipt  boroughs  would  give  it  further 
ated  the  great  measures  which  it  iniormaiion,  and  then  it  would 
had  passed  in  that  interval,  as,  for  know  whether  it  should  disfran- 
instance,  the  abolition  of  slavery,  chise  those  borou^s  or  only  the 
the  opening  of  the  China  trade,  the  freemen  of  them.  The  great  de- 
commutation  of  tithes,  the  remedy  feet  in  the  Reform  Act  appeared  to 
of  the  grievances  of  Dissenters  as  him  to  be  that  it  had  reduced  too 
to  births  and  marriages,  the  reform  much  the  varieties  of  the  right  of 
of  the  municipal  corporations  in  voting  under  the  old  constitution. 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  He  thought  that  by  some  variety 
the  alterations  in  the  tariff,  the  of  suffrage,  such  as  by  making  th'e 
alterations  in  the  postage  system,  freemen  the  representatives  of  our 
and,  lastly,  the  total  repeal  of  the  industrial classesinthelargetowns. 
Com  Laws,  which  proved  that  the  orby  making  the  right  depend  upon 
House  was  not  under  the  rule  and  accumulationsinthesavings'banka, 
dominion  of  the  landed  aristocracy,  or  by  some  other  mode  of  the  same 
Thinking  as  he  did  that  the  Bo-  kind,  we  might  extend  the  fron- 
form  Act  was  an  improvement  on  chise  without  injuring  the  basis  of 
our  old  representative  system,  still  our  representation.  He  was.  there- 
he  had  always  been  of  opinion  that  fore,  not  disposed  to  say  tiiat  you 
it  would  admit  of  improvement  could  not  beneficially  alter  or  im- 
from  time  to  time.  When  he  had  prove  the  Reform  Act ;  but  he  was 
been  most  attacked  for  finality,  he  not  prepared  at  present  to  intro- 
bad  proposed, -in  his  letter  to  the  duce  Bills  to  cany  the  amendments 


f]                     HISTORY.  [140 

trtiich  hfi  had  mentioned  into  effect,  bred  thom,  and  having  no  concern 

This  «u  not  the  moment,  nhen  wilh  the  laws  except  to  obey  them. 

Boch  dangeroasopinioiiBreepectuig  He  then  proceeded,  in  a  highly 

Mpital,  and  wagea,  and  labour  were  rhetorical  Hpeech,  to  contend  that 

■float,  to  make  great  and  extenaive  this  state  of  things  was  uqjtist  to 

changes  in  the  construction  of  the  the  unenfranchised  and  iqjurious 

House   of    Commons,   which,    h«  to  the  whole  community ;  and  he 

believed,  represented  the  nation  proved  at  some  leiwth,  that  all  the 

fiurly.  The  advantages  of  our  consli-  reasons  which  Lord  John  Russell 

tation  were  to  ourselves  iovalnable.  had  urged  firet  in  16SQ,  and  after- 

The  stability  of  our  institutions  wards  in  188S,  existed   in    still 

amid  the  existing  convnlaions  of  greater  force  at  tlie  present  time, 

tbe  world  had  excit«d  the  admira>  He  therefore  implored  the  House 

tion  of  eveiy  lover  of  peace  and  to  emancimte  its  serfs,  and  so  to 

order  in  every  nation,  and  there-  make  of  Englishmen  a  united  nar 

fore  he  hoped  that  the  House  would  tion.    If  it  did  so,  it  might  arm 

do  nothing  to  dimioish  that  admi-  the  whole  population  in  the  full 

lation  or  forfeit  that  respect.     He  confidence  that,  if  war  should  betide 

tnisted  that  the  House  vrould  not  us,  it  would  be  rolled  back  to  the 

■elect  the  present  as  the  time  for  terror  and  confusion  of  our  enemies, 

making  a  reform,  which  stopped,  Mr.  Disraeli  opposed  the  motion 

indeed,  abort  of  the  Charter,  but  in  a  speech  of  very  felicitous  effect, 

which  must  ultimately  terminate  He  desired  to  know  how  it  was  that 

in  it:  but  that  it  would  think  it  the  topic  of  Government  expendi- 

dne  to  the  other  branches  of  the  ture  and  extravagance,  which  had 

Legislature  and  to  that  great  people  been  so  prominently  urged  at  the 

of  which  it  was  the  representaUve,  public  meetings,  had  been  so  little 

to  give  a  decided  negative  to  thia  referred  to  in  the  speeches  of  Mr. 

resolution.  Hume  and  ill-  Fox. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Fox  would  have  been  "TbecountiyhasforfonrDiontbs 
better  pleased  if  Lord  John  Rus-  been  told  that  an  enormous  in- 
■ell  had  declared  more  explicitly  crease  of  taxation  and  in*  the  ex- 
the  extent  of  the  reforms  which  he  penditure  of  the  Government  are 
had  in  contemplation,  and  the  re-  the  growing  abuses  of  late  years, 
■nits  which  he  anticipated  firom  What  are  tbe  beta?  Tbe  ordi- 
them.  He  also  regretted  that  nary  revenue  of  18S8  was  forty- 
Lord  John  Russell  had  scarcely  nine  millions;  that  of  1848,  but 
leached  on  the  question  whether  forty-seven  millions:  moreover,  tbe 
particnlarclassesof  the  community  revenue  of  1838  waa  raised  from 
were  properly  represented  in  that  a  population  of  less  than  twenty- 
House.  Now  the  question  at  pre-  three  millions,  and  that  of  1848 
sent  before  Parliament  was  this:  from  one  of  thirty  millions. 
"Are  the  working  classes  of  this  Taking  the  taxation  at  a  sum  per 
country  represented  as  they  ought  head,  the  pressure  of  1838  was 
to  be;  and  if  not,  can  they  be  so  2^  13«.  M.  on  each  person,  and 
repreeented  without  danger  to  our  thatof  1846  XL  lOt.  and  a  fraction 
institntions  ?"  He  (Mr.  Fox)  do-  per  head :  but,  agun,  the  wealth  of 
dared  that  they  were  not  repre-  each  person  is  greater  individually 
sented ;  that  they  were  like  helota  now  than  it  was  in  1838.  What 
in  the  land,  ser&  on  the  soil  which  becomes  of  the  fiscal  plea  for  politi- 


160] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        lEngUmd. 


cal  change  in  preeeoce  of  these 
&cte?" 

Mr.  Hume's  advocacy'  of  his  new 
franchise  went  to  the  extent  of 
uniTBrwl  suffice.  Every  Eng- 
lishman had  a  right  to  vote,  as  Mr. 
Hume  contended ;  if  so,  whj  was 
he  to  b«  required  to  live  in  a 
house  to  exercise  that  right?  If 
in  any  one  point  more  than 
another  the  act  of  1832  was  o1>- 
jectianable,  it  was  in  its  too  rigid 
adoption  of  the  qualification  from 
proper^;  but  the  proposed  fran- 
ebise  reoognised  property  alone  as 
its  basis.  The  second  point — the 
Totinfl  by  ballot— could  not  be  ef- 
fected except  by  makio  g  or  following 
R  complete  change  of  the  character 
and  habits  of  the  people ;  sufficient 
reasons  against  it  on  this  occasion. 
The  third  point — the  legal  dura- 
tion of  Parliament — was  taken 
from  the  old  Tory  creed  and  system, 
which  Mr.  Disraeli  had  ever  sup- 
ported :  he  would  support  it  him- 
self if  any  manifest  benefit  could 
be  adduced ;  but  no  sensible  man 
could  believe  that  the  policy  or 
iMielation  of  Parliament  would  be 
aflected  by  such  a  change  if  it  were 
now  made.  The  fourtn  point  was 
one  tliat  based  the  representation 
of  England  solely  on  population. 
(PiiMnt  from  Mr.  Hum».)  Mr. 
Disraeli  went  into  a  detailed  deve- 
lopment of  the  workino  of  this 
plan,  taking  Buckinghaioshire, 
London,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  and 
other  leading  instances  as  his  illus- 
trations, and  making  dexterous 
use  of  the  results.  On  a  popula- 
tion heeia,  London  would  have  as 
many  members  as  all  Scotland. 
He  humorously  sketched  the 
origin  of  Mr.  Hume's  Reform 
movement,  from  the  day  of  the 
meeting  of  a  few  veteran  Leagne 
agitators  at  their  rooms — never 
-pennanently  deserted — in  Newall's 


Buildings,  Manchester.  We  hod 
lived  to  see  the  ori^  of  a  new 
profession  in  England.  "  An 
honourable  gentleman  the  other 
night  said  that  diplomacy  was  going 
oat  of  fiishion.  Possibly  it  may 
he;  many  people  think  lawyers  use- 
less—  they  make  their  own  wills 
and  die;  there  are  those  who 
think  doctors  good  for  oothii^ — 
they  take  quack  medicines,  and 
die  also;  and  there  may  be  Mi- 
nisters of  State  who  think  diat 
they  can  dispense  with  the  ser- 
vices of  ambassadors  and  envoys. 
But  those  who  are  interested  in 
finding  employment  for  the  rising 
generation  will  be  glad  to  learn 
that  a  new  profession  has  been  dis- 
covered, and  that  is  the  profession 
of  aoitation.  {Cheen  and  laughter.) 
Well,  Sir,  when  honourable  gen- 
tlemen cheer,  do  they  deny  my 
assertion  ?  Do  tbey  recollect  the 
observation — 


mattulituliios. 
Gruniiut[cui,  rhetor,  geometrei,  pictor, 

aliptM, 
Augur,   utoBnobdM,    medicUi,    nu|^, 

Grecului  ewnene    id  cmlum,   juaieiu, 
ibit."  " 

Completing  his  sketch  of  the 
movement  to  the  present  time,  Mr. 
Disraeli  observed—"  The  remark- 
able circumstance  is  this,  that  the 
present  movement  has  not  in  the 
slightest  degree  originated  in  any 
class  of  the  people,  even  if  the  3W0- 
ple  had  been  misled.  It  is  possible 
that  there  might  be  a  popular  move- 
ment and  yet  erroneous ;  but  this 
is  erroneous  and  yet  not  popular. 
{Cheen  and  laitgkter.)  But  the 
moisl  I  draw  from  all  this — ^from 
observing  this  system  of  oi^anized 
agitation,  this  playing  andpolter- 
ing  with  popular  passions  lor  the 
aggrandizement  of  one  too  am- 
bitious class — the  moral   I   draw 


]  H  I  S  T  0  E  Y.  [151 

and  the  qoeBtion  I  ask  is  thie—  by  decUring  that  he  abonld  vote 
why  are  the  people  of  England  with  Mr.  Hume. 
ioTced  to  find  leaderB  among  these  Mr.  Seijeant  Talfonrd  objected 
persons  ?  Their  proper  teadera  are  to  fnrtber  railroad  progress  in  the 
the  gentry  of  England ;  and  if  they  path  of  reform,  and,  after  an  able 
are  not  the  leaders  of  the  people,  analysis  of  Mr.  Hume's  propod- 
it  is  because  the  gentlemen  of  tion,  declared  that,  either  as  a 
England  bare  been  so  negligent  settlement  or  an  instalment,  it 
of  their  duties  and  so  unmindful  would  be  equally  unsatis^toiy. 
of  their  station,  that  this  system  of  It  was  founded  on  no  principle,  at- 
profeesionol  agitation,  so  ruinous  tained  no  end.  and  was  but  an  in- 
to the  beat  interests  of  the  conntiy,  stance  of  deluaire  and  miacbie'roas 
has  arisen  in  England."  quackery. 

The  debate  was  then  adjourned.  Mr.  Cobden  said,  the  division 
It  was  resumed  on  the  6th  July,  in  favour  of  this  motion  might  not 
the  first  speaker  beiug  Mr.  B.  Os-  be  large,  but  the  list  would  show 
borne,  who  advocated  a  residential  that  all  those  Members  who  re[Hre- 
test  as  a  means  of  enfranchising  sented  large  10/.  constituenoies, 
the  best  educated  mechanics.  The  where  the  people  had  the  free 
claims  of  this  class  had,  be  showed,  povrer  of  giving  their  votes,  would 
been  supported  by  statesmen  of  be  in  the  number  of  those  who 
every  age,  from  Serjeant  Glanville,  supported  the  motbu.  He  sp- 
in the  time  of  Charles  I.,  to  Sir  J.  p«ued  to  that  fact  as  a  proof  that 
Hobbouse,  a  member  of  the  present  the  middle  classes  were  anzions  to 
Government  The  ezisUr^  fran-  open  the  portals  of  the  constitu- 
duae  was,  be  contended,  neither  a  tion  to  those  who  were  anxious  to 
right  nor  a  privilege,  but  a  perqui-  come  within  them.  There  had  as 
site,  which  would  not  be  perverted  yet  been  no  organization  in  favour 
if  extended  ti}  the  householders  of  of  this  movement,  but  it  had  al- 
the  country.  He  remarked  upon  ready  made  great  way;  130  meet- 
the  anomalies  which  the  smalt  ings  had  been  held  in  its  fa- 
boroughs  presented,  with  the  view  vour  within  the  last  five  weeks, 
of  showing  the  advantages  of  eleo-  and  it  had  already  excited  as  much 
toral  districts ;  advocated  the  praC'  feeling  in  its  support  as  had  been 
tice  of  voting  by  ballot,  and  snortr  acquired  by  the  Com  Law  League 
.ening  the  duration  of  Parliaments;  after  five  years'  agitation.  The 
and  quoted  Dod's  Parliamentary  present  representative  system  was 
Companion  in  reply  to  Lord  John  a  Bham,  but,  if  it  were  amended  as 
Bussell's  assertion  that  the  House  Mr.  Hume  proposed,  it  would  once 
of  Commons  was  not  an  aristocratic  more  be  a  r«ility.  He  defended,  at 
institution,  and  that  Government  some  length,  Mr.  Hume's  scheme 
was  not  carried  on  for  the  benefit  of  household  sufflvge,  contending 
of  the  aristocracy.  The  Rossells,  that  it  vrould  not  create  a  change 
theGreys,  and  other  scions  of  great  in  the  Government,  but  would 
fiunilies,  monopolized  every  ^ace,  only  bring  the  Legislature  into 
to  the  exclusion  of  men  of  practical  hannony  witb  the  wants  of  the 
experience,  who  would  do  the  busi-  people.  He  also  advocated-  it,  as 
nesB  of  the  conntry.much  better,  likely  to  produce  economy  and  re- 
He  upheld  the  middle  classes  trenchment,  and  a  foir  and  equi- 
against  the  gentry,  and  concluded  table  appropriation  and  im{iosition 


152]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  {.EngUmd. 

of  the  public  taxation.  He  then  Aot  as  a  bastard  agitatioD  when 
defended  the  proposed  plan  for  a  compared  with  that  which  pre- 
new  diviaion  of  electoral  districts,  ceded  it,  moved  as  an  amendment, 
The  constitueDcies  of  London  were  that  "  experience  hod  shown  that 
as  mnch  too  Ut^e  as  the  conati*  change  in  the  constitution  of  Par- 
tuencies  of  the  country  were  too  liament  bad  failed  to  obtain  the 
small.  He  thought  it  would  be  ends  for  which  it  was  desirable, 
better  to  divide  such  constituencies  and  with  which  it  was  origindly 
into  wards,  and  to  give  each  of  coinoined,  viz.,  non-interference 
them  the  power  of  electing  a  Mem-  and  retrenchment." 
her,  iuat^d  of  giving  all  of  them  Afr.  C.  Anstej  seconded  the 
the  power  of  electing  a  great  amendment, 
number.  He  was  coDviocod  that  Ur.  Locke  King  said  that  what- 
this  country  could  not  be  governed  ever  groiinds  for  complaint  existed 
peaceably,  whilst  the  bulk  of  the  in  1833  existed  at  present  in  as 
people  WHS  excluded  from  the  re-  great  force.  We  had  profited  by 
presentation.  He  did  not  want  to  the  French  Revolution  of  1630,  and 
mcreaae  the  numberof  represent-  had  gained  the  Reform  Act  of  1833, 
atives  in  that  House ;  but,  if  this  and  other  great  and  beneficial  mea- 
Uotion  were  assented  to,  they  aures.  France  bad  then  made  a 
must  increase  the  number  of  repre-  great  change  in  its  ooverament 
senUttives  in  some  districts,  and  which  had  proved  merely  nominal, 
must  diminish  it  in  others.  He  It  had  been  statJonary,  whilst  we 
would  not  say  much  on  the  ballot,  had  been  safely  and  steadily  pro- 
for  it  was  one  of  those  questiona  grossing.  Again  we  must  make  a 
which  had  the  greatest  strength  in  step  in  advance,  and  that  step  must 
that  House,  and  among  the  middling  be  by  adding  another  Schedule  A 
classes.  The  farmers,  to  a  man,  to  another  Reform  Bill. 
were  in  favour  of  it  Having  do-  Mr.  O'Connor  denied  that  the 
clared  himself  fiivourable  to  tri-  principle  of  Mr.  Hume's  motion 
ennial  Parliaments,  be  reoom-  had  ever  been  adopted  by  a  nuyo- 
mended  the  House,  if  it  wanted  rity  of  the  working  olasaea.  Tbey 
to  put  an  end  to  agitation,  to  al<  were  in  &voar  of  the  principles 
low  the  power  of  the  people  to  be  of  the  People's  Obarter,  and  would 
felt  within  it.  He  wished  to  not  be  content  with  less.  He  ex- 
bring  the  virtues,  and  talents,  and  pressed  himself  strongly  in  aup- 
frugali^  of  the  industrial  classes  port  of  annual  Parliamenta,  and 
into  the  publio  service ;  for  he  told  said  that  he  would  rather  have 
those  who  talked  of  the  aristocrat^  household  suffrage  with  annual, 
and  traditionary  influences,  that  it  than  universal  sufirage  with  sep- 
was  not  to  the  gentry,  but  to  the  tennial  Parliaments.  He  was  glad 
middle  classes,  that  all  the  great  to  find  that  Lord  J.  Russell  pre- 
triumphs  of  the  Sritieh  name,  all  ferred  the  People'a  Charter  to 
its  improvements  in  arts,  litera-  Mr.  Hume's  noetrum  of  reform, 
ture,  manafocturea,  and  commerce.  He  would  vote,  however,  for  that 
were  mainly  attributable.  nostrum  as  the  least  of  the  two 
Mr.  Urquhart,  after  dilating  on  evils  which  Mr.  Hume  and  Mr. 
the  failure  of  the  Reform  Act,  and  Urquhart  had  conjointly  brought 
after  denouncing  the  present  agita-  before  the  House.  If  the  Motion 
tion  in  favour  of  a  new  Reform  were  passed,  it  would  not  be  a 


a^iani.]                  HISTORY.  [158 

setUemeDt  of  the  question ;  for  lie  rerae.    The  resalt  was  sem  io  the 

should  argue  as  energeticatlT,  as  inorease  of  its  standing  anny,  b^ 

enthusiastically,  and  aa  forcibly  for  fore  too  large — in  the  increase  of 

the  People's  Ghajrter  as  he  had  its  taxation — in  the  domination  of 

done  before.  a   many-headed    tyranny — and  in 

Mr.  U.  Millies  did  not  think  an  immense  increase  of  secret  ser- 
that  tho  ballot  would  produce  any  vice  money.  Such  being  the  cass 
great  change  in  the  composition  of  in  Prasaia,  as  well  as  in  France, 
that  House;  but  the  division  of  he  felt  himself  justified  in  de- 
Great  Britun  into  new  electoral  daring  that,  if  the  Members  of 
districts  would  introduce  a  very  the  House  of  Commons  performed 
portentous  change.  It  would  sub-  their  duties,  there  was  nothing  in 
tract  from  the  influence  of  the  their  principles  or  their  practice 
oonntiy,  and  add  to  the  influence  to  depriTO  them  of  the  respect  of 
of  the  towns;  and  at  present  the  their  country.  In  some  instances 
towns  had  no  right  to  complain  of  their  coarse  of  late  had  not  been 
iheir  want  of  influence,  as  they  such  as  to  conciliate  public  estima- 
had  carried  Free  Trade  and  the  tion,  and  the  cause  of  it  was  their 
Repeal  of  the  Com  Lawa  against  inlonsistenoy  in  regard  to  cases  of 
the  wishes  and  the  resistance  of  the  corruption,  their  incapacity  to  get 
agricultural  interest.  He  should,  rapidly  through  business  from  their 
therefore,  TOt«  against  the  motion,  indulgence  in  unnecessary  discos- 
There  was  no  immediate  grievance  sion,  and  their  dealing  in  nn- 
which  called  for  it ;  but  the  great  generous  and  unhandsome  imputa- 
events  which  had  recently  occurred  tions  on  each  other.  These  were 
in  Europe  must  naturally  find  an  fiiults  which  might  be  easily 
echo  here.  If  every  Frenchman,  amended,  and,  when  that  was 
German,  and  Italian  had  hu  share  done,  the  amendment  would  cause 
in  the  political  arrangements  of  the  House  to  stand  higher  in 
his  countiy,  a  claim  for  similar  public  estimation, 
power  would  be  heard  here,  and  Lord  D.Stuart,  in  ashort  speech, 
we  must  be  prepared  to  meet  it.  declared   himself  friendly  to  the 

Mr.  S.  Herbert  did  not  think  motion, 
the  present  scheme  of  representa-  Mr.  Mnntz  observed,  that  the 
tion  to  be  perfect,  and  was  there-  real  question  before  the  House 
fore  delighted  to  hear  that  Lord  had  been  completely  shirked  by  all 
John  Russell  had  given  up  the  parties  who  had  spoken  that  even- 
doctrine  of  finality.  He  had  like-  ing.  The  qnestion  was — first, 
wise  heard  with  pleasars  his  lord-  did  the  House  fairly  represent  the 
ship's  admission  that  the  uniform-  country;  and,  secondly,  if  it  did 
ity  of  the  franchise  established  by  not,  was  Mr.  Hume's  plan  the 
the  Reform  Act  was  one  of  its  best  mode  of  remedying  the  de- 
greatest  &ults.  Mr.  Cobden  had  fects  in  its  composition?  Now, 
said  that  a  reform  of  Parliament  the  people  were  of  opinion  that 
would  bring  in  its  train  a  redaction  the  House  did  not  fairly  repre- 
of  establishments  and  taxation;  but  sent  the  country,  and  had  formed 
had  that  been  the  result  of  the  la-  that  opinion  in  consequence  of 
boors  of  the  representative  body  re-  the  conduct  of  the  House  this 
cently  elected  in  France  under  uni-  aeasion  on  the  property-tax,  the 
versa!    eaffi»ge7    Qnite    the   re-  "gating"  Bill,  and  the  currency; 


1641            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [^«?fi»«d. 

uid  be  mis  inclined  to  think  that  legisUtion  had  been  much  altered 

the  lemeAy  of  Mr.  Hume,  if  it  did  since  the    Reform    Act,   and    he 

not  eradicate,  would  at  least  mid-  firmly  believed  that  it  would  not 

gate  all  the  evils  of  the  present  be   much  altered  by  the  reform 

system.  nowpropoaed. 

Mr.  C,  Villiera  briefly  explained  After  a  brief  reply  from  Mr. 

the  reasons  why  he  supported  the  Hume,  who  explained  and  enforced 

motion  of  Mr.  Hume,  though  he  his  former  statements,  the  House 

did  not  agree  in  all  the  propoai-  divided,  when  the  numbers  were — 
tions  contained  in  it.    Hia  main 

reason  was,  that  it  recognised  the  For  Mr.  Hume's  motion     84 

policy  of  extending  the  basis  of        Against  it 351 

the  representation.     He  did  not  

believe  that  the  character  of  our  Uqority  against  it    .     .  S67 


b,GoogIc 


Snfflana.]  HISTORY.  [156 


CHAPTER  VI. 

FoBBiON  AwAiBo  :~Dtpio»uit»c  Bslatiotu  wOh  Roms — Negotiation* 
optntd  at  Borne  by  the  Earl  of  Mintofor  ihit  object — Bill  brought  in 
In/  the  Mar^utM  of  Laiudowne  to  legalue  tueh  relatioTU — Debate  on  the 
Second  Beading — Ot^ectiont  raited  by  the  Duke  of  Newcanle,  the 
Bishop  of  Winchetler,  the  Bithop  of  Exeter,  and  the  Earl  of  Eldon — 
The  BiAop  of  St.  David't,  Earl  St.  Germane,  Earl  Orey,  and  Lord 

■  Stanley  tiq>port  the  Second  Beading,  «>hich  it  carried — Amendmente 
.    are  made  in  the  Bill  in  Committee — The  Second  Reading  it  moved  by 

■  Lord  Faimenum  in  the  House  of  Commone,  on  the  nth  of  Aaguit — 
Mr.  C.  Anitey,  Mr.  Urquhart,  Sir  Robert  Inglit,  Mr.  Law,  Mr.  B. 
Palmer,  Mr.  Napier,  and  Mr.  Newdegate  oppose  the  Second  Beading, 
which  it  tupported  by  Lord  John  RutteU,  Mr.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  Mr. 
M.  J.  O'ConneU,  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  Mr.  Moore,  and  other  Mem- 
bers— The  fitU  is  read  a  Second  Time,  a  majority  of  79  voting  m  itt 

■  favour — Further  oppotititm  in  Committee,  and  on  the  Third  Reading 
— The  Bill  it  patted.  Affairs  of  Itu^t  akd  Sioilt  : — Lord  Stanley 
brings  forvard  a  Motion  in  th*  House  of  Lordt  retpectmg  the  inter- 
vention of  the  British  QovemmeTit  in  the  Sicilian  Inturrtclion — 3%« 
Marqui*  of  Lansdovme  ansieert  the  charge  on  the  part  of  the  Govern- 
iMRt — Observations  of  the  Earl  of  Minto,  the  Duke  of  Argyle,  Earl  of 
Malme^ntry,  and  other  Peers — Proceedings  on  the  same  su^ect  in  the 
House  of  Common* — Declaration  of  Lord  Paltnenton  retpeetiag  the 
Intervention  of  England~-Mr.  Disraeli,  on  the  Itth  August,  enters  itOo 
afuU  revieiB  of  the  whole  fidd  of  Italian  Polities  and  Brilith  Inter- 
vention— Remiorkt  upon  Lord  Minto's  Mission  and  the  real  objects  of 
Lord  Palmerston's  Mediation* — ZiOrd  Palmertton  vindicates  hit  own 
conduct  and  policy  at  great  length.  Affaibs  of  Spain  ; — Abrupt  tfu- 
mitsal  of  Sir  H.  Bulwer,  the  British  Ambassador — Cireumstanees 
which  led  to  this  event — The  subject  is  brought  before  the  House  of 
Lords  by  Lord  Stanley — Hi*  Speech — Answer  of  the  Marquii  of 
Lcmtdowne — Remarla  of  Lord  Brougham,  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  and 
other  Peer* — Mr,  Banket  brings  the  matter  before  the  House  of  Com- 
wiont  by  a  Betolu^on  disapproving  of  the  Policy  of  our  Government — 
Speeches  of  Mr.  Shiel,  iMrd  Mahon,  Mr.  Disraeli,  Lord  John  RutteU, 
Sir  R.  Peel,  and  Lord  PalmeTSton-—The  Motion  is  ultimately  witii- 
drawn — Chie  of  the  Settion : — Mr.  Disraeli,  on  .the  SO(A  August, 
reviews  the  event*  of  the  expiring  Session  in  an  animated  and  humorous 


156]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  lEn^Uind. 

Bpeeeh,  taHriMing  th«faUvra  and  divgipointmenU  of  the  Oovemmmt 
— Lord  John  RuutU  parriet  tht  attack  mtk  much  dtxtsrity — lUynarkt 
of  Mr,  B.  Oiborru  and  Mr,  Hume — Prorogation  of  Parliament  by 
Ae  Queen  in  person,  on  the  6th  of  September — Addreu  of  the  Speaker 
to  the  Throne — Her  Mt^ttty't  Speech — Clote  of  the  Seeiion. 

ONE  of  the  most  important  c.  3.)  contained  words  nhich  pn>- 
metuures  that  has  been  in-  hibited  diplomatic  intercourse  be- 
troduced  of  late  years  affecting  our  tween  this  country  and  Borne.  He 
foreign  relations,  was  a  Bill  em  a-  considered  those  Acta  to  be  some  of 
nating  from  the  Goremment,  to  the  safeguards  and  defences  of  the 
enable  Her  Uejesty  to  open  and  Constitution.  The  true  spirit  of 
carry  on  diplomatic  relations  with  those  laws  he  would  be  the  last 
tbe  Court  of  Bome.  Negotiations  man  to  desire  to  impair;  and  hs 
with  that  Court  had  been  com-  trusted  that  their  tme  oi^ect 
menced  in  the  preceding  antomn  would  continue  to  be  maintained, 
by  the  Earl  of  Minto,  whose  special  But  hie  opinion  was,  that  neither 
mission  to  Italy  we  shall  presently  of  those  Acts  prohibited  such  re- 
have  occasion  to  advert  to.  The  lations ;  their  real  object  being  to 
feeling  of  the  Papal  Court  being  prevent  the  holding  spiritual  corn- 
ascertained  Vo  be  favourable  to  an  munion  with  the  Church  of  Rome, 
amusement,  the  convenience  of  not  to  debar  the  Protestant  Sove- 
whicb  appeared  to  our  own  Oo-  reign  of  this  country  from  esta- 
vemment  much  to  outweigh  any  blishing  those  relations  with  the 

Cible  danger  that  could  result  Court  of  Borne  which  were  found 
I  it,  tbe  Marquis  of  Lans-  so  neceraary  and  beneficial  with 
downe,  very  early  in  the  present  other  states.  After  referring  to 
Session,  presented  a  Bill  for  le-  the  case  of  the  Earl  of  Castle- 
galising  a  diplomatic  intercourse  maine,  and  the  opinions  of  Bishop 
with  Rome.  Some  indtcatioDB  Burnett  and  Sir  James  Mackin- 
were  given,  on  the  first  reading  of  tosh  upon  that  case,  his  Lordship 
the  Bill,  of  a  modified  opposition  took  an  historical  view  of  our  in- 
on  the  part  of  several  Peers,  but  tercourse  with  Rome.  Sir  Robert 
Lord  Lansdowne  undertook  to  Walpole  was  ia  repeated  commu- 
prove  that  the  proposition  to  which  nication  with  the  Pope;  he  em- 
be  asked  their  consent  would  in-  ployed  his  brother  Horace  for  that 
volve  no  possible  danger  to  the  purpose,  and  the  Pope  omitted  no 
Protestant  religion  in  this  country,  opportunity  of  testifying  his  regard 
On  the  17th  of  February,  the  same  for  the  British  Minister.  When 
noble  Lord  moved  the  second  Hanover  became  connected  with  this 
reading  of  the  Bill.  He  began  kingdom,  it  was  a  partof  our  policy 
by  explaining  the  reasons  for  its  in-  to  keep  up  a  good  understanding 
troduction,  and  the  circumstances  with  tbe  Court  of  Rome.  During 
out  of  which  the  doubt  which  it  the  French  Revolution,  and  at  tbe 
was  proposed  to  remove  bad  commencement  of  the  French  war, 
arisen.  It  had  been  supposed  Sir  John  Cox  Hippesley,  Lord 
that  the  Bill  of  Rights  (I  William  Hood,  when  he  commanded  in  the 
and  Mary,  s.  3,  c.  2),  and  the  Act  Mediterranean,  and,  more  recently, 
for  the  further  limitation  of  the  the  late  Duke  of  Portland,  had 
Crown  (13  and  13  William  III.,  opened  an  intercourse  with  the 


England.]                         HISTORY.  [157 

Pope.  H&fing  shown  the  neces-  The  Bishop  of  Winchester  qnes- 
sity  of  eatablishing  diplomatio  re-  tioned  the  reasons  upon  which  ths 
lationswitbtheCourt  of  Borne,  his  noble  Marquis  had  founded  the 
Ijordship  proceeded  to  reply  to  the  Bill.  The  chief  reason  was  the 
queBtionawhy.forthefirsttime.the  inconvenience  attending  an  indi- 
Pope  was  to  bo  acknowledged  by  rect  communication  with  the  Court 
ns,  and  whether  the  Pope  had  ever  of  Rome.  But,  whenever  such 
rect^niaed  the  sovereign  of  this  communication  was  called  for, 
country  ?  He  should  be  surprised  means  were  readily  found  to  effect 
if  these  questions,  though  agitated  it.  He  found  that  by  this  Bill 
out  of  doors,  were  asked  in  that  Her  M^esty  was  authorized  to  re- 
Hoose.  Recognise  the  Pope!  ceive  a  diplomatic  agent  "accre- 
Why,  what  was  the  Treaty  of  dited  by  Uie  Soverei^  Pontiff." 
Vienna?  Great  Britain  was  a  This  was  the  ff  ret  time  since  the  Re- 
eontracting  parQr  to  that  treaty,  formation  that  this  expression  bad 
which  not  only  secnred  to  the  Pope  been  admitted  into  any  Act  of  Par- 
the  possessions  be  eqjoyed  at  tl»t  liament.  The  head  of  the  Romish 
time,  but  additional  territories  in  Church  had  hitherto  been  termed 
other  parts  of  Italy.  And  who  "  Bishop  of  Rome,"  or  "  Bishop  of 
put  the  Great  Seal  to  that  treaty  ?  Rome,  otherwise  called  the  Pope;" 
Lord  Chancellor  Eldon,  who  of  all  and  the  right  rev.  prelate  read  an 
public  men  of  the  time  was  the  opinion  of  the  law  officers  of  the 
most  averse  to  Romish  ascend-  Grown,  which  bore  the  signature 
ani^.  Besides  other  acknow-  of  Mr.  Serjeant  Copley,  which 
ledgments,  £ing  Geoi^  IV.  re-  showed  that  the  Legislature  had 
eeived  a  letter  from  the  Pope  advisedly  avoided  the  title  of  "  So- 
ooDgratolating  him  upon  hie  ac-  vereign  Pontiff." 
cession ;  and  His  Mfgesty  wrote  The  Bisht^  of  St.  David's  snp- 
a  reply  to  the  Pontiff;  but  it  ported  the  Bill,  which  he  consi- 
being  suggested  to  him,  aher  it  was  dered  to  be  no  innovation  or  sub- 
sent  off,  that  he  might  thereby  have  stantial  interference  with  the  ex- 
forfeited  his  crown,  a  messenger  isting  law.  The  measure  was  jus- 
was  despatched  to  Italy  to  re^l  tifiable  on  political  groundB)  and, 
the  letter,  but  it  was  too  late  ;  and,  although  it  had  a  religious  aspect, 
quoad  that  letter.  King  Geoi^  he  was  at  a  loss  to  understand  how 
IV.,  according  to  the  hypothesis,  the  interests  of  religion  or  of  Pro- 
had  forfeited  his  crown.  But  we  testantism  could  be  affected  by  . 
bad,  in  fact,  on  numerous  occasions,  the  Bill.  The  right  rev.  prelat«, 
acknowledged  the  Pope,  who  had,  whilst  he  did  not  concur  in  the 
over  and  over  again,  acknowledged  objections  of  the  Bishop  of  Win- 
the  Sovereign  of  this  country.  Chester,  thought  that  due  respect 
The  Duke  of  Newcastle  opposed  should  be  paid  to  the  opinions  of 
the  Bill  as  unnecessary,  and  there-  a  large  class  of  persons  in  this 
fore  a  superfluous  act  of  legisla-  country  who  appeared  to  view 
tion ;  or,  if  necessaiy  on  account  this  measure  with  much  jealousy, 
of  an  actual  subsisting  prohibition.  Upon  the  whole,  he  expressed  hia 
it  was  ohjectionable  as  removing  conviction  that  it  was  a  measure 
a  constitutional  safeguard.  His  essential  to  the  politioal  interests 
grace  moved  that  the  Bill  be  read  of  the  country,  and  one  which 
a  second  time  that  day  six  months,  m^ht   be   adopted   vrithout   any 


158]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.      [EngU^. 

danger  to  the  established  religion  the  Roman  state,  and  recommended 

of  the  country.  their  Lordships  to  consent  to  the 

The  Bishop  of  Exeter  considered  second  reading  of  the  Bill. 
that  the  noble  Marquis  bod  failed  Lord  Stanley  said,  if  be  thought 
to  make  out  a  case  of  necessity  for  the  Bill  vaa  at  variance  with  the 
this  measure,  and  the  doubt  aris-  spirit  and  principle  of  the  Bill  of 
ing  from  the  word  "  commnnion,"  Rights  ana  Act  of  Settlement,  or 
in  the  Act  13  and  13  William  III.,  even  that  it  in  the  slightest  degree 
— which  obrioasly  meant  comniuni-  recognised,  or  strengthened,  or  sup- 
can  in  taerU — was  no  reason  for  ported  any  claim  or  pretence  to 
■itowAiiaBg  so  important  a  change  spiritual  power  on  the  part  of  the 
as  this,  iraught  with  itm^/a,  and  Sovereign  of  the  Roman  State  in 
which  would  spread  alarm  in  everjr  this  country,  he  shoufd  vote  for 
port  of  the  country.  Why  were  the  amendBient  But  he  could 
not  the  judges  of  Lbe  land  called  not  take  such  a  vt«w  of  it.  At  the 
upon  to  say  whether  there  was  same  time  be  looked  upon  it  aa  a 
any  doubt  ?  If  they  declared  that  measure  of  grave  and  weighs  po- 
no  law  forbade  Her  M^esty  from  lit^,  and  one  which  ought  to  be 
carrying  on  diplomatic  relations  approached  with  the  respect  due 
with  Rome,  then  let  Her  Majesty's  to  a  deep  religious  feeling  in  this 
Ministers,  on  their  own  responsi-  countiy  adverse  to  the  Bill,  which 
bility,  advise  her  to  open  those  re-  was  contrary  to  the  interpretation 
latione,  and  not  come  to  Parlia-  put  upon  the  law  for  the  last  100 
ment  to  give  them  authority.  The  years.  He  was  quite  sensible  that 
right  rev.  prelate  supported  the  there  might  be  conveniences  and 
amendment.  advantages  attending  a  direct  in- 

The  Duke  of  Wellington  con-  tercourse  with  the  Court  of  Rome ; 

fessed  that,  when  be  first  heard  of  but  he  concurred  with  those  who 

this  measure,  he  considered  it  with  thought  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the 

some   degree  of  anxiety.     It  had  Government  and    Parliament    to 

been  the  policy  of  our  laws  since  conaiderwhethertherewerenotcol- 

(he  Reformation  that  there  should  lateral  disadvantages.    He  was  not 

be  no  communication,  political  or  of  opinion  that  this  meaaure  would 

otherwise,  between  diis   country  tend  to  uphold  the  spiritual  power 

and  the  Severe^  of  the  Roman  and  authority  of  the  Pope,  which 

States.    A  great  alteration   had,  could  not  be  enforced  in  this  coun- 

however,  been  made  in  the  law  by  try,  for  our  own  courts  of  law  would 

the  Act  introduced  by  Lord  Lvnd-  set  at  nought  the  authority  of  the 

hurst ;  he  (the  Duke  of  WelUng-  Pope.     The  noble  Lord  adverted 

ton}hadcon8ideredtheefrectwhich  to  the  character  of  the  present 

this  Bill  would  have  upon  that  Act,  Pope,  and  to  the  effect  which  the 

and  he  intended  to  move  a  provision  representations    of    a    Protestant 

in  the  committee,   declaratory  of  Minister  from  this  countiy  might 

the  title  of  the  Sovereign  of  this  have  at  the  Court  of  Rome,  and 

country  to  he  supreme  head  and  warned  their  Lordships  of  the  evils 

governor  in  all  matters  ecclesiasti-  which  might  spring  from  the  anta- 

cal  and  civil.     Upon  the  whole,  he  goniam  of  the  two  religious  prin- 

considered  that  it  was  convenient  ciplee  thus  brought  into  contact, 

and  advantageous  to  have  regular  In  conclusion,  the  noble  Lord  de- 

and  direct  diplomatic  relations  with  clared  faia  intention,  in  Toting  for 


England.-]                          HISTORY.  [159 

the  second  reading,  to  reserve  his  if  the  Duke  of  Nevcutle  pressed  his 

final  opinion  upon  the  nhole  Bill  amendment  to  &  division,  he  should 

until  it  should   havs  passed  the  vote  with  him  against  the  Bill. 

Committee.     With  regkrd  to  the  The  Earl  of  St.  Oermans  sup- 

Mesence  of  an  accredited  agent  at  ported  the  Bill,  and  shoved  that 

Borne,  the  conveniences  and  in-  the  apprehensions  entertained  by 

conveniencee  might  be  nicelj  ba-  the  Bishops  of  Winchester  KudExB' 

lanced ;    but  the  residence    of  a  ter  were  chimerical  or  exaggerated.' 

Papal  envoy  here,  without  restrlc-  This   Bill    did    not   compel   Her 

tion,  espec^lly  if  he  combined  a  M^esty  to  appoint  a  Uinister  at 

spiritual  with  a  diplomatic  charoc-  Rome ;  and,  if  there  should  be  a 

ter,  might  be  mischievous.  Pope  disposed  to  abuse  ito  fmwi- 

Earl  Qrey  drew  an  inference  fft-  siona,  our  Gonnmient  miffht  re- 

vourable  to  the  measure  from  the  fuse  ta  keep  relations  with  him, 

veiy  mitigated  opposition  of  Lord  md  we  should  be  in  the  same  po- 

Stanlej.     The  Marquis  of  Tmm  sition  towards  Bome  as  at  preeent. 

downe  had  laid  the  cas«  ihlly  and  He  did   not  participate  in  Lord 

fairly  before  the  Hooee,  establish-  Stanley's  repugnance  to  the  recep- 

ing  the  policy  and  necessity  of  the  tion  of  an  ecclesiastic  as  a  papal 

Bill ;  and  the  minute  criticism  of  envoy  £rom  Rome. 

Lord  Stanley  upon  its  form  and  the  Lord  Redesdale  gave  notice  of  a 

SMnuer  in  which  it  had  been  in-  clause  he  should  propose  in   the 

tiodnced,  left  the   merits  of  the  Committee, providingthatitsbould 

measure    untouched.      The   noble  not  be  lawful  for  Her  M^esty  to 

Earl  vindicated  the  consistency  of  receive  any  ambassador  from  the 

the  Government  with  reference  to  Court  of  Rome  until  the  Pope  had 

the  mission  of  Lord  Uinto,  who  diaclaimed  all  temporal  and  civil 

bad  no  formal  letters  of  credence  authority  in  this  realm, 

to  the  Court  of  Rome,  and  it  vnts  The  Marqub  of  Lansdowne,  in 

an  evil,  which  this  Bill  went  to  his  reply,  declared  that  no  inatruc- 

Tomedy,  that  he  had  no  regular  tions    had    been    given   to   Lord 

authority  to  act  as  our  Ministor  Uinto,  and  no  act  had  been  done 

there.      He    agreed    with    Lord  by   that  nobleman,    at   Rome   or 

Stanley  that  the  amendment  pro-  elsewhere,  which  he  (Lord  Lans- 

posed  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington  downe)  waa  not  prepared  to  defend 

WIS  a  decided  improvement  In  the  as  for  the  advantage  and  interest  of 

Bill,  which  would  make  assurance  this  countir.     The  noble  Earl  had 

doubly  sure,  and  would  tranquillize  been  accrouted  to  Switzerland,  and 

alarm;  and  he  was  glad  to  know  that  he  was  now  accredited  to  Naples, 

Lord  Lansdowne  had  consented  to  and  his  not  being  accredited  to 

the  noble  Duke's  amendment.  Rome,    where     consequently     ha 

The  Duke  of  Richmond  would  could  not  appear  in  an  official  ca- 

itot  vote  agunst  the  second  read-  pacify,  afforded   the  best  illustra- 

ing  of  the  Bill,  but  he  ut^ed,  as  Uon  of  the  state  of  the  law  and 

Lord  Stanley  had  done,  that  a  suf--  the  necessity  of  this  measure. 

fioient  interval  should  beallowed  Their  Lordships  were  about  to 

for  the  expression  of  the  opinion  divide,  when  the  Dnke  of  New- 

of  the  country  upon  the  measure.  castle  withdrew  his  amendment. 

The  Eari  of  Eldon  declared  that,  and  the  bill  was  read  a  second  time. 


,  ..ooglc 


160] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [England. 


Dpoii  the  committal  of  the  Bill 
a  ratlier  important  verbal  aiteradon 
was  introduced  on  the  propoeitioa 
of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  the 
title  of  "  Sovereign  of  the  Roman 
States"  being  substituted  for  the 
words  "  Sovereign  Pontiff"  as  the 
deaignatioD  of  the  Pope.  An  ani- 
mated discussion  aftarvards  took 
Elece  on  an  amendment  pntpoaed 
J  the  Earl  of  E^intoon,  pro- 
hibiting the  reception  of  an;  eccle- 
Biastio  as  the  accredited  minister 
of  the  Pope  in  this  conntrj'.  The 
Marqais  of  Lansdowne  thought 
that  the  right  to  refuse  anj  Minis- 
ter who  might  be  distasteful  to 
the  Crown  ought  to  be  left,  in  the 
case  of  the  Pope  as  in  that  of  any 
other  foreign  Sovereign,  to  Her 
Uajeetj  ana  the  Government. 

The  Earl  of  Aberdeen  said  (hat 
the  amendmeat  could  not  be  re- 
jected without  incurring  the  danger 
of  grave  consequencaa,  and  depre- 
cated the  presence  of  an  eccleaiastic 
as  the  Pope's  Nuncio  in  this 
country. 

The  Dukeof  Wellington  thought 
the  diSEiculty  would  be  met  by 
simply  substituting  the  words 
"  establish  diplomatic  relations," 
for  the  words  in  the  Bill  which 
pointed  out  the  persons  of  different 
ranks  whom  Her  Mi^esty  was  to  be 
authorized  to  receive. 

Lord  Beaumont  was  surprised 
at  what  had  fallen  from  Lord 
Aberdeen,  and  complained  that  he 
had  mistaken  the  fiinctions  of 
le^tee  and  nuncios. 

The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  said, 
that  the  Earl  of  Eglintoun  and  his 
supporters  seemed  to  have  foraotten 
that  diplomatic  relations  could  not 
be  established  with  any  state  ex- 
cept on  terms  of  perfect  reci- 
procity. If  Her  Mtyesty  refused 
to  receive  on  aodesiaslic  as  Minis- 


ter from  Bome,  the  Pope  in  his 
turn  might  fairly  refuse  to  receive 
a  Protestant  as  the  repreeeniatiTe 
of  England, — which  was  jnst  the 
position  at  present  of  the  diplo- 
matic relations  between  Prussia 
and  the  Holy  See. 

Lord  Stanley  deemed  it  highly 
important  that  the  amendment 
should  be  carried.  While  he  had 
no  objection  to  seeing  England 
properly  represented  at  Rome,  he 
could  never  sanction  the  trans- 
planting of  the  Vatican  to  London. 

After  some  further  discussion, 
their  Lordships  dirided  on  the 
amendment,  when  the   numbers 


For  the  amendment .    .    67 
Against  it fl4 


A  considerable  delay  t4Mk  place 
before  this  meaaare  found  its  w^ 
into  the  lower  House.  It  was  not 
till  the  ITth  of  August  that  the 
second  reading  was  moved  by  Lord 
Palmerston  in  a  veiy  oonoise" 
speech.  The  noble  lord  observed, 
that  the  grounds  for  this  measure 
were  so  simple,  and  were  so  much 
upon  the  sur6u3e,  that  it  wss  not 
requisite  for  him  to  enter  into  any 
abstruse  or  refined  argument  to 
show  ite  necessity.  Doubts  had 
existed,  whether,  by  the  inters 
pretation  of  certain  old  Acts  of 
Parliament,  it  was  lawful  for  the 
Government  of  this  country  to 
hold  diplomatic  iuteroourse  with 
the  Court  of  Bome.  Those  doubts 
arose  on  the  interpretation  of  the 
word  "communion,"  but  it  ap- 
peared to  him  that  the  meaning 
of  the  law  prohibiting  any  "  com- 
munion "  of  the  Sovereign  with  Hie 


.,C;>Hwle 


fivi««f]                    HISTORY.  [161 

Court  of  Borne  was  simpl;  this —  fesaed  to  be  a  Bill  to  enable  Her  . 
that  the  Sovere^  of  England  M^esty  to  hold  diplomatic  inter- 
muat  be  a  Frotestant.  The  "com-  course  with  the  Court  of  fiome. 
munion"  prohibited  was  only  apiri-  Now,  there  were  two  Courts  of 
tnal  communion,  and  was  not  the  Borne  —  the  temporal  court  aod 
interchange  of  political  and  diplo-  the  spiritual  oourt.  With  the 
matlcalcommunications.  Asdoubts,  first,  Her  Uajesty  waa  l^ally  en- 
however,  were  entertained  on  that  titled  to  hold  diplomatic  corn- 
point,  it  was  deemed  necessary  to  muuication  without  any  Bill  to  en- 
mtroduce  a  Bill  authorising  diplo-  able  her;  but,  with  the  second,  he 
matjo  intercourse  and  communica-  maintained  that  Her  Mtgesty  could 
tkm  with  the  Court  of  Rome.  He  not  legally  hold  intercoiuree;  and 
then  proceeded  to  obviate  the  ob-  he  hoped  that  ao  Bill  would  ever 
jections  laised  against  it,  and  to  be  passed  to  place  the  Court  of 
explain  the  adfaniagea  which  were  St.  James's  and  the  Courtof  Bome 
likely  to  accrue  &om  passing  it.  in  eo  delicate  a  position  as  would 
After  showing  that  the  presence  of  enable  the  latter  to  aurrender  to  the 
an  English  ambasBador  at  the  former  the  peculiar  influence  which 
Court  of  Bome,  and  of  a  Roman  the  Court  of  Rome  exercised  by  its 
■mbassador  at  the  Court  of  St  spiritual  power  over  all  priests  and 
James's,  could  not  injure  the  faith  bishops  subject  to  its  ecclesiastical 
of  our  Sovereign,  he  proceeded  to  Jurisdiction.  He  then  proceeded 
demonstrate  that  the  want  of  in-  to  argue  with  great  piouxity  that 
tercouree  with  the  Court  of  Bome  if  this  Bill  passed  it  would  operate 
was  injurious  to  our  interests;  for  most  iqjunously  on  the  independ- 
we  could  not  make  any  commercial  ence  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
treaty  vitb  the  Court  of  Rome  to  in  Ireland,  and  would  ultimately 
obtain  for  our  merchants  and  make  the  Pope  himself  a  slave  to 
manubctureiB  those  advantaffee  British  policy.  After  pinnting  out 
which  commercial  treaties  afforded  the  indirect  manner  in  which  the 
lo  them  in  every  other  part  of  Bill  interfered  wilh  the  prerogative 
the  world.  As  no  constitutional  of  the  Crovm,  and  after  analyzing 
danger  could  arise  from  the  enact-  the  measure  clause  by  clause,  and 
ment  of  this  measure,  and  as  great  condemning  them  all  one  after  an- 
commercial  advantages  would  flow  other,  the  taon.  Member  concluded 
from  passing  it  iato  law,  be  bad  no  by  moving  tht  the  Bill  be  read  a 
hesitation  in  recommending  it  to  second  time  that  day  six  months, 
the  support  of  the  House.  Mr.    Urquhart     seconded     the 

Mr.  C.  Anatey  had  expected  to  amendment, 
hear  some  explanation  of  the  Bill  Sir  R.  Inglis  complained,  like 
'itself  and  of  the  objects  which  it  Mr.  Anstey,  of  the  insufficiency  of 
was  to  accomplish ;  but  not  a  word  the  speech  which  Lord  Palmerston 
on  either  of  those  points  had  the  had  made  that  evening  for  the  in- 
noble  Lord  uttered.  He  was,  there-  troduction  of  so  important  a  change 
Jbre,  compelled  to  answer,  not  the  into  the  Constitution  of  England, 
speech  of  Lord  Palmerston,  but  and  also  pitied  his  lordship  for 
the  speeches  made  in  another  having  been  reduced  to  the  painful 
place.  Having  done  this  to  a  very  necessity  of  pleading  as  his  reason 
considerable  extent,  he  commented  for  this  Bill  the  importance  ot  con- 
Dn  the  title  of  this  Bill,  which  pro-  suiting  the  commercial  interests  of 

Vol-  XC.  [M] 


162]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848.       [England. 

Englaod  in  Ital^,  and  the  in-  sis,  with  the  Pope,  was  not  so 
creased  facilitj  which  it  would  give  aatie&cWrf  as  to  induce  us  to 
to  British  subjects  to  obtain  the  establish  such  commuaication  be- 
oonBtructioQ  of  a  railroad  over  the  tween  the  Queen  of  England  and 
Pontine  marahra  for  abridging  their  the  Bishop  of  Borne.  In  concln- 
Gommunications  willi  Inoift.  He  sion,  he  put  three  questions  to 
called  on  the  House  to  reflect  at  Lord  J.  Russell— whether  he  had 
what  time  this  Bill  was  brought  in,  heard  of  any  project  of  the  Pope 
who  was  Pope,  and  what  the  Court  to  divide  England  into  dioceses, 
of  Rome  now  was.  The  Bill  was  and  to  appoint  an  Archbishop  of 
introduced  into  this  House  on  the  Westminstor,  and  whether  he  had 
16th  August,  at  a  time  when  the  given  his  assent  to  anj  soch  prO' 
Pope  bad  violated  all  bis  obliga-  ject?  Next,  he  asked  whether  his 
tions  to  Austria,  the  chief  bene-  lordehip  had  any  objection  to  laj 
fitctor  of  the  Papacy, — when  the  on  the  table  such  communications. 
Pope  bad  been  nnable  to  protect  whatever  they  might  be,  as  bad 
the  Austrian  ambassador  from  the  been  addressed  by  the  Earl  of 
attacks  of  the  rabble  of  Rome,  and  Clarendon  to  Earl  Grey,  whereby 
when  he  had  absolutely  blessed  the  Earl  Orey  had  ^ven  to  the  Roman 
arms  of  the  soldiery  whom  he  sent  Catholic  Bishops  titles  which 
to  attack  the  Austrian  forces ;  and  neither  the  Queen  nor  any  Act  of 
all  this,  too,  at  atttriod  whenEng-  Parliament  bad  given  them? 
land  was  more  (uive  than  ever  to  Lastly,  he  asked  his  lordship 
the  rampant  and  aggreesive  cha-  whether  he  had  any  objection  to 
racUr  of  the  Church  of  Rome  lay  on  the  table  the  cow  of  a 
a^nst  the  Protestantism  of  the  latter  addressed  by  the  Earl  of 
world.  He  did  not  ol^ect  to  enter  Clarendon,  on  the  10th  of  March 
into  negotiations  with  the  temporal  last,  to  Archbishop  Murray,  in 
Sovereign  of  Rome,  no  matter  what  nhich  letter  Lord  Clarendon,  witb- 
his  religion  might  be.  He  did  not  out  waiting  for  the  passing  of  this 
object  to  recognise  the  civil  governor  Bill,  communicated  distinctly  to 
of  Rome,  even  though  he  should  be  the  Pope  the  statutes  of  the  new 
another  lUenzi;  but  he  did  object  to  Irish  Colleges  through  the  instru- 
recc^ise  the  spiritual  governor  of  mentally  of  Archbishop  Murray? 
BomeandofalltbeBomanCatbolic  Mr.  Moore  observed  that  the  ar- 
population  of  the  world.  The  Pope  guments  of  Sir  R.  Inglis  had  oom- 
had  millions  of  subjects  in  this  pletoly  convinced  him  of  the  pro- 
country,  and  he  would  not  give  to  priety  of  voting  in  support  of  this 
the  Pope  thedirectmeansofissuing  Bill.  Sir  R.  Inglis  iuid  no  objec- 
his  powerful  edicts  to  them  with-  tion  to  deal  with  the  civil  governor 
out  any  restraint.  He  had  another  of  Rome,  or  to  entor  into  consular 
objection  to  this  Bill — it  neither  relations  even  with  the  Pope  him- 
conciliated  the  afieotions  of  the  self.  In  making  that  declaration, 
Protestants  norsatisfied  the  wishes  the  honourable  fiaronet  had  given 
of  the  Roman  Catholics,  who,  in  up  the  whole  subject  in  dispute, 
March  last,  had  denounced  it  to  and,  as  he  (Mr.  Moore)  preferred 
the  Pope  in  the  strongest  language,  a  straightforward  to  a  tortuous 
Beaides,  the  result  of  the  diplo-  eourse,  he  should  give  his  vote  in 
matic  communications  of  other  &vour  of  a  measure  which  enabled 
Protestant  states,  especially  Prus-  us  to  do  openly  and  directly  what 


England.]                        HISTORY,  [163 

for  yean  back  we  had  been  doing  mise  or  coDoordat  with  His  Holi- 
secretly  and  indirectly.  ness.  If,  then,  we  refused  all 
Lord  J.  Ruflsell,  after  some  re-  commiuiication  with  hiin,  we  left 
marks  on  tbe  singular  position  in  his  spiritual  infiuence  unfettered ; 
which  Sir  R.  Inglis  stood,  as  being  for  we  could  not  bind  it  without 
diasatisfied  both  with  Lord  Pal-  some  agreement  with  him  who  held 
merston's  reasons  for  supporting,  it  He  then  told  Sir  R.  Inglis 
and  with  Mr.  Anstey'a  arguments  that  no  official  letter  bad  passed  be- 
for  opposing  this  Bill,  denied  that  tween  Lords  Clarendon  and  Ore; 
it  made  either  a  fundamental  change  on  the  titles  to  be  given  in  the 
in  the  Constitution,  or  was  the  first  colonies  to  the  Roman  Catholic 
etep  to  a  reconciliation  with  Home.  Bishops ;  but  that  a  prirate  letter 
Sir  R.  Inglis  had  declared  that  he  had  passed  between  them,  in  which 
had  no  objection  to  enable  a  consul  Lord  Grej  had  issued  his  drcular 
to  can;  on  commercial  relations  to  the  Colonial  Governors.  He 
with  thatCourt;  and,  that  being  the  likewise  referred  Sir  Robert  to  the 
case,  he  must  saj  that  it  was  with  explanation  which  he  had  given,  on 
the  appearance  and  not  with  the  a  former  evening,  of  the  private 
bet  that  Sir  Robert  Inglis  quar-  letter  which  Lo^  Clarendon  had 
relied.  He  (Lord  John  Russell)  written  to  Archbishop  Murray  on 
should  be  much  more  afraid  of  the  the  subject  of  the  Irish  Colleges, 
Roman  Catholic  religion  than  be  and  entered  into  a  full  justification 
was,  if  he  could  bring  himself  to  be-  of  it,  as  written  for  (he  express 
lieve  that  these  foolish  and  obsolete  purpose  of  convincing  the  Pope 
restrictions  were  really  the  securi-  that  the  Irish  Colleges  were  not 
ties  on  which  Protestantism  rested,  of  thai  irreligious  character  which 
Heshowedthattheywereproductire  some  Roman  Catholic  prelates  had 
of  daily  inconvenience  to  our  com-  represented  them  to  be.  He  con- 
mercial  interests,  and  repeated  the  eluded  an  able  speech  by  express- 
arguments  of  Lord  Palmerston  to  ing  a  confident  hope  that  the 
prove  that  their  removal  wonld  be  House,  seeing  the  Bill  to  be  only 

Eroductive  of  great  general  benefit  a  mode  of  making  the  law  agree 
oth  to  ourselves  and  the  different  with  the  fact,  would  have  no  o^ec- 
nations  of  Italy.  With  respect  to  tion  to  sanction  it. 
the  questions  put  to  him  by  Sir  R  Mr.  Law  made  a  resolute  stand 
Inglis,  he  replied  that  he  did  not  against  the  Bill,  and  particotarly 
know  that  the  Pope  bad  authorized  complained  of  the  falsehood  of  its 
the  creation  of  bishoprics  or  arch-  preamble,  in  which  it  was  asserted 
bishoprics  in  England.  He  would,  that  there  were  doubts  whether  Her 
however,  comfort  Sir  R  Inglis  by  Majesty  could  or  could  not  main- 
assuring  him  that  he  (Lord  J.  Rus-  tain  diplomatic  interoourse  with 
sell)  should  not  give  his  assent  to  the  Court  of  Rome.  He  could  not 
the  formation  of  any  such  dioceses  concur  in  the  construction  which 
in  the  Queen's  dominions.  He  Lord  Palmerston  and  Lord  John 
most,  nevertheless,  remind  Sir  Russell  bad  put  upon  the  law,  and 
Robert,  that  if  he  looked  to  the  he  entered  into  a  long  argument  to 
other  states  of  Enrope,  he  would  prove  that  their  lordships  had  not 
■ee  that  any  control  over  the  spin-  the  slightest  grounds  for  asserting 
tual  influence  of  the  Pope  could  that  the  Crown  could  legally  hold 
only  be  guned  by  some  compro-  intercoutseatpreeentwiththePope 
[M2] 


164]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  \EngU»d. 

of  Rome  Bs  the  bead  of  the  Boman  stant  train  of  Acts  of  Pariument 

Oatholic  Church.  controlling  the  encroachtnenta  of 

ilr.  H.  Dmmmond  obserred  the  Fope,  bo  there  would  be  in 
that,  if  he  could  believe  the  asser-  future  a  oonatant  necessity  of  enact- 
tion  of  Ur.  C.  Anstey,  that  the  ob-  ing  auoh  laws,  if  this  Bill  obtained 
ject  of  the  Bill  waa  to  enable  the  the  aanction  of  the  Houae.  Eng- 
Qoeen  to  govern  her  Roman  Ca-  land  had  hitherto  excluded  the 
tbolio  snhjeota  through  the  agency  aupremacy  of  the  Fope,  and  ia  eo 
of  the  Fope,  he  should  certainly  excluding  it  vas  mftintaining  k 
oppooe  it;  for  he  could  not  aup-  prindple  of  great  importanoe,  not 
port  any  measure  which  aaBumrn  only  to  itoelf,  but  alao  to  the  whole 
that  Her  Mqeaty  had  not  means  civ^ized  world.  He  warned  the 
of  her  own  to  gDvem  her  own  sub-  House  not  to  abandon  its  old  poUcj, 
jecta.  He  waa  prepared  to  sup-  which  had  produced  peace  and  pro- 
port  an;  measure  which  was  likely  aperity  and  loyal^  in  Ireland,  and 
to  eetde  the  peace  of  Chmtondom,  to  adopt  a  policy  which  muat  ter- 
and  put  an  end  to  sectarian  dis-  minate  in  very  contrary  results, 
pntea,  and  this  Bill  he  considered  He  renunded  the  House  that  the 
to  fall  within  that  cat«goi7.  He  Froteatants  of  Ireland  had  alvrays 
then  entered  into  a  very  able  ai^-  been  quiet  and  loyal.  Could  the 
ment  to  allay  the  fears  which  ei-  same  be  predicated  of  the  Roman 
isted  in  more  quarters  than  one.  Catholic  population?  Three  pro- 
reapecting  the  power  and  influence  vinoes  of  Ireland  were  now  ripe 
of  Uw  Pope.  Ue  looked  upon  this  for  insurrection ;  were  those  the 
Bill  as  a  measure  enabling  Minis-  provinces  in  which  Protestantism 
ten  to  do  openly  what  they  far^  prevailed  ?  Certainly  not.  He 
merly  were  accustomed  to  do  se-  therefore  implored  the  Houae  not 
cretlr  and  clandestinely,  and  he  to  irritate  the  feeUngs  of  the  Pro- 
should  therefore  support  it.  testants  in  Ireland,  by  passing  a 

Ur.  Napier  observed  that,  if  Billof  which  the  olyect  was  almost 
it  was  the  intention  of  Uinistera  universally  believed  to  be  the  go- 
to govern  the  people  of  Ireland  veniment  of  Ireland  through  the 
throngfa  the  influence  of  the  Fope,  medium  of  the  Pope, 
he  would  most  certainly  oppose  Mr.  Boundell  Palmer  observed, 
the  Bill.  It  was,  therefore,  a  ques-  that  the  Houae  would  he  deceiving 
tion  which  the  House  ought  at  itself  and  the  country  if  it  did  not 
once  to  determine,  whether  the  deal  with  this  question  as  one  of 
genuine  object  —  ho  did  not  aay  the  highest  importanoe.  If  he 
the  ostensible  object — of  Minis-  thought  that  this  Bill  rested  on 
ters,  in  proposing  this  measure,  such  gronnda  merely  as  those 
was  not  to  use  the  influence  of  the  which  had  been  stated  by  Lord 
Fope  for  the  government  of  Ire-  Palmerston  and  Lord  J.  Russell, 
land.  He  then  proceeded  to  show  he  should  say,  even  though  he  dif- 
ihat  this  was  the  object  of  Minis-  fered  not  £rom  the  principle,  that 
ters  from  their  own  declarations,  it  could  not  be  of  that  pressing 
He  next  appealed  to  the  laws  importance  which  required  it  to  be 
passed  in  England  befbre  the  Re-  forced  on  at  this  late  period  of  the 
formation  for  the  purpose  of  im-  session.  He  called  on  the  House 
pressing  on  the  House,  that  as  to  consider  whether  this  was  a 
there  had  been  in  past  times  a  oon-  measure  likely  to  be  used  for  other. 


a(*>Ki )                   HISTORY.  ties 

than  di^mado  pojpoees  is  order  bnlt  with  him  tor  exenamig,  aa  be 

to    forward    the    policy    of    this  pleased,  his  spiritual  jurisdictioii. 

ootmtry.     BeUering  that  it  would  He    thought,   however,   that    the 

be  BO  used,  he  maint«ined  that  the  pn^ect  of  the  P(^,  to  exeroise 

Hoose  ought  not  to  agree  to  the  his   spiritoal   jurisdictioii  in  the 

Bill  in  its  present  shape,  unless  it  creation  of  English  dioceses,  was 

was  prepared  to  adopt  a  different  equally  contrary  to  the  feelings  of 

policy  with  respect  to  tbe  relations  the  people,  and  the  law  of  the 

of  the  Protestant  and  the  Boman  land.    He  thought  it  would  have 

Ootholk  church  of  Ireland.    He  been  much  wiser  had  the  Govem- 

was  therefore  unwilling  to  vote  at  ment  postponed  this  measure  to 

this  pwiod  for  the  second  reading  another   session;    hot,    nevertbe- 

of  the  Bill,  as  it  coald  not  receive  leie,  he  could  not  oonsent  to  any* 

that  deliberation  which   the  im-  thing  likely  to  blink   the  main 

porlaoce  of  ila  collateral  conside-  principle  of  it.    He  believed  that 

rations  required.  there  was  an  inevitable  necessity 

Mr.  Pagan  felt  so  strongly  the  for  a  Bill  of  this  kind.  The  en- 
insult  offOTed  to  the  Pope,  in  the  octment  of  tbe  Irish  Colleges  Bill 
second  clause  of  the  Bill,  that  he  bad  rendered  it  absolutely  neces- 
was  coerced  to  vote  i^nst  its  sary  for  the  Government  to  oon- 
eeoond  reading  altf^ther.  suit  with  the  Roman  Catholic  sa- 

Mr.  M.  J.  O.  Connell  felt  ob-  thoritiea    as    to    the   statutes   Inr 

liged  to  vote  for  the  second  read-  which  they  were  to  be  governed, 

ing,  as  he  intended    to   support  Now,  if  we  had  to  commtmicate 

Lord    Arundel's  motion,   in    the  with  the  Boman  Catholic  authori- 

Commitlee,  to  strike  out  of  it  the  ties,  we  must  have  to  oommuni- 

secood  olanse.    He  rebuked  Mr.  oate  with  the  P(H>e,  for  yon  could 

Napier    fiir    claiming    exclusive  not  make  a  valid  obl^ation  with 

loyalfy  for  the  Protestants  of  Ire-  the  Court  of  Boms  without  com- 

lutd.  munication    with   the   Pope  lum- 

Hr.  W,  E.  Gladstone  observed,  self.      There   was,  therefore,  an 

that  there   were   several  circum-  inevitable  necessity  for  this  Bill ; 

Mancee  which  rendered  it  painful  and  he  should  therefore  support 

to  him  to  give  his  rote  in  favour  it,  on  the  ground  that  it  was  bet- 

of  the  principle  of  this  Bill.     He  ter  that  our  communication  with 

thought  it    unfortunate  that  the  Borne  should  be  direct  and  avowed 

House  should  be  called  on  at  so  late  than  furtive  and  clandestine, 

a  period  of  the  seseion  to  discosa  a  Mr.  Newdegate  dedared  his  in- 

measure  of  such  hi^  importance,  tention  of  voting  against  the  Bill. 

It  was  also  most  unfbrtunate  that  Lord  Arundel  voted  for  the  se- 

the  House  bad  to  discuss  it  at  a  cond  reading  of  the  Bill ;  but  it 

period    when    it     scarce^    knew  woold  depend  on  the  way  in  which 

whether   there  was   a   Pope    or  the  House  dealt  with  tbe  second 

not;  and  when  it  was  left  in  ig^  clauseofitinCommittee.whetherbe 

norance  as  to  whether  he  had,  or  should  support  the  third  reading, 

bad  not,  ventured  to  divide  £ng-  Mr.  Goulbum  observed  that,  if 

land  by  bis  own  autbori^  into  he  voted  t^nst  the  second  read- 

eccleMastica]  dioeeaea.     If  we  do-  ing  of  this  Bill,  it  was  owing  to 

clined    ell     communication    with  the  late  period  of  the  session  at 

tbe  Pope,  we  could  not  justly  find  which  it  had  been  proposed. 


166  ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.       [England. 

After  a  few  words  from  Colonel  Mr.  Napier's  amendment  was 

.Vomer  in  support  of  the  argument  negatived,  on  a  division,  b^  88  to 

of  Ur.  Napier,  the  House  divided.  SO.  and  the  Bill  was  read  a  third 

when  the  numbers  were,  for  the  time  and  paeeed. 

second  reading—  The  state  of  our  relations  with 

.                                          .„,  the  es-Eing  of  the  Two  Sicilies 

■f/       .~  became  the  suhject  of  discussion 

"***' _  in  the  House  of  Lords,  on  the  8th 

"*"'? "  tr4'?or.;'s;"„V°tS 

The  principle  of  the  Bill  was  Crown  for  copies  of  all  the  corre- 
thos  carried  bj  a  largemajority, but  epoodence  upon  the  subject,  pro- 
its  progress  was  stoutly  opposed  vided  that  the  papers  could  be 
in  Committee  bj  some  of  the  same  produced  without  an;  detriment 
Members  who  bod  spoken  against  to  the  public  service, 
the  second  reading.  Several  Lord  Stanley  opened  the  state- 
amendments  were  moved  by  the  ment  with  which  he  prefaced  his 
dissentient  party,  but  without  sue-  remarks  by  urging  the  importance 
cess.  Upon  the  third  reading  of  the  maxim,  that,  in  the  event  of 
being  moved,  on  the  SOth  August,  a  civil  contest  going  on  in  an  in- 
Mr.  Napier,  who  was  supported  by  dependent  state,  it  is  the  para- 
Ur.  C.  Anstoy  and  a  few  other  mount  duty  of  eveiy  foreign  power 
Members,  again  attempted  to  de-  to  maintain  a  strict  and  absolute 
feat  the  measure,  by  moving  that  neutrality.  On  that  principle  we 
it  be  read  a  third  time  that  day  had  uniformly  repressed  here  the 
three  months.  The  only  speech  manifestation  of  pablic  feeling 
containing  any  novelty  was  made  on  the  sanguinary  contests  be- 
hy  Mr.  Shiel,  who  reminded  the  tween  Russia  and  Poland ;  had 
House  that,  by  the  treaty  of  abstained  from  intervention  he- 
Vienna,  the  rights  of  the  "Holy  tween  Austria  and  her  revolted 
See"  were  defined  and  secured,  provinces;  bad  condemned  in- 
£n gland  was  a  party  to  that  tervention  by  Prussia  in  the 
treaty;   it  was  signed  by  her  re-  Schleswig-Holstein  affair;  had  re- 

fresentative ;  it  was  laid  before  monstrated  with  King  Charles 
arliameut ;  there  was  no  remon-  Albert  on  his  invasion  of  Lom- 
Btrance  against  it.  Was  it  not  bardy ;  and  had  cordially  ap- 
preposterous  that  England  should  proved  the  answer  given  to  mis- 
have  secured  the  Pope  in  the  en-  guided  men  from  Ireland  by  the 
joyment  of  a  portion  of  his  do-  Provbional  Govemmentof  France, 
minions,  and  yet  be  denied  the  Ifthere  was  any  nation  in  the  world 
right  of  holding  diplomatic  inter-  on  whom  the  strict  observance  of 
course  with  him,  who  was  thus,  this  doctrine  was  incumbent,  it  was 
in  effect,  under  her  protection?  England— England,  with  Ireland 
While  Italy  was  giving  birth  to  at  its  side,  and  a  large  proportion 
portentous  events,  and  the  Pope  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  island  too 
himself  called  for  our  interposi-  happy  to  shake  off  what  they  have 
tjon,  it  was  absurd  to  refuse  to  put  been  taught  to  consider  the  baneful 
an  end  to  a  system  of  surreptitious  domination  of  the  mother-country, 
intercourse,  and  openly  establbh  Lord  Stanley  sketched  the  or 
diplomatic  relations  with  Rome.  der  of  eveaU  in  Sicily  during  the 


Bngland.]                       HISTORY.  [167 

reroldtioii :  the  outbreak,  at  a  this  or  aaj  interference  with  the 
time  when  our  Minieter  (Lord  authority  of  the  King  ? 
Palmerstou's  brother)  had  left  his  The  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  de- 
most  comfortable  poet  at  a  most  clared  himself  quite  willing  to  af- 
laxurious  capital;  the  acddenlal  ford  general  information  upon  the 
presence  at  Rome  of  Earl  Minto,  character  of  our  interference,  if 
then  on  his  roving  commission  euch  it  could  be  called,  betweeo 
of  Minister- Oeneral  to  every  state  the  King  of  Naples  and  a  portion 
in  the  sooth  of  Europe;  his  in-  of  his  sul)jects.  Throughout  the 
vitation  by  the  King  of  Naples;  intervention,  a  position  of  ami^ 
Lord  Minta's  journey  to  Naples,  towards  Naples  hod  been  main- 
hie  advice,  and  the  rejection  of  his  tained;  and  the  whole  object  of 
advice;  the  success  of  the  Sici-  the  mission  of  Lord  Uinto  to 
liana,  and  tbeir  election  of  the  Naples — undertaken  at  the  solici- 
Dnke  of  Genoa  to  be  their  King,  tation  of  the  King  himself — was 
Lord  Stanley  bad  been  credibly  to  produce  and  promote  the  adop- 
informed  that,  immediately  before  tion  of  heaUng  measures ;  and,  if 
the  final  decision  of  the  A^mbly  Naples  had  subscribed  to  hia  ad- 
«t  Sicdly  to  offer  the  crown  of  the  vice,  she  might  have  still  re- 
country  to  the  eon  of  the  King  of  tained  her  power  over  Sicily. 
Sardinia,  the  Porcupine  was  aes-  But  changes  took  place  in  her 
patched  from  the  British  Em-  councils,  followed  hy  the  almost 
MBsy  at  Naples,  having  on  board  complete  success  of  the  Sicilian 
a  gentleman  attached  to  the  mis-  arms.  Mr.  Temple's  absence  from 
sion  at  Naples,  named  Fagan,  who  his  post  at  Naples  was  uncon- 
was  instructed  to  state  the  plea-  nected  with  these  circumstances ; 
sure  of  England  that  they  should  and  no  country  was  ever  repre- 
choose,  not  a  Bepublican,  but  a  sented  at  Naples  with  more  ability, 
Uonarchical  form  of  Government,  assiduity,  and  skill,  than  this  conn- 
aod  as  the  head  of  that  govern-  tiy  had  been  by  Lord  Napier, 
ment  should  select  the  son  of  the  At  first  the  British  representa- 
■  Eing  of  Sardinia.  Lord  Stanley  tive  tried  to  maintain  the  union  of 
asked  whether  it  was  true  that  the  two  Sicilies.  But  the  time 
Mr.  Fagan  had  received  and  ful-  came  when  it  was  manifest  that 
filled  such  instructions  ?  Sicily  would  no  Itmger  remain 
He  also  found  it  reported  that,  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples ; 
while  the  Eing  of  Naples  was  pre-  and  it  afterwards  became  sdll 
paring  a  force  in  the  Bay  of  Na-  more  manifest  that  the  union  of 
pies  for  the  reduction  of  Sicily  to  all  classes  and  orders  of  her  peo- 
ms  authority.  Her  M^esty's  fleet  pie  was  so  perfect,  and  her  mili> 
in  the  Mediterranean,  in  the  exe-  tary  power  and  skill  so  great,  that 
cation  of  orders,  bad  appeared  she  could  maintain  the  independ- 
there ;  that  they  surroonded  the  ence  she  had  declared.  In  this 
vessels  which  were  being  prepared  new  state  of  thii^  a  new  step 
to  transport  the  Neapolitan  troops  was  to  be  taken  by  us ;  and  this 
to  Sicily ;  and  that,  althot^h  there  country  successfully  endeavoured 
had  been  no  intimation  given  of  to  promote  the  institution  of  UoU' 
an  intentdon  to  prevent  the  enter-  arcny  rather  than  Bepublicanism, 
prise,  the  British  fleet  held  a  me-  and  to  direct  the  choice  of  the 
nacing  position.     Had  there  been  Sicilians  in  electing  a  sovereign 


168]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [England. 

for  their  island,  first  to  b  prince  aocesa  to  them  was  refused  to  the 
of  the  bouae  of  Naples,  and  aft«T-  admiral,  who  wished  to  know 
words  to  some  prince  from  some  what  their  ground  of  complaint 
other  of  the  Italian  States.  But  wss,  there  could  be  no  doubt  but 
advice  was  the  whole  influence  that  a  sufficient  ground  existed  to 
employed ;  and  it  was  nnsccom-  jnstify  a  ver;  peremptoiy  demand 
ponied  b;  anything  like  a  condi-  on  the  part  of  this  country. 
tion,  or  ■  threat,  or  the  semblance  Lord  Uinto  assiirsd  the  House 
of  a  threat ;  and  no  assurance  had  that  his  object  throi^hout  his  mia- 
heen  required  that  the  Duke  of  sion  to  Naples  had  been  to  main- 
Genoa  should  be  chosen.  tain   the  connexion  between  the 

With  regard  to  the  proceedings  two  kingdoms ;   but  he  had  felt 

of  Sir  William  Parker  at  Naples,  that  the  connexion  ought  not  to 

Lord    Lonsdowne    oseured    Lord  rest  solely   with  the  Neapolitan 

Stanley  that  they  had  no  reference  Oovemment.  who   offered   terms 

to   the  circumstances  alluded  to,  which     they     shortly     ofterwards 

but  referred  to  an  entirely  differ-  withdrew  from.     He  agreed  with 

ent  subject.     He  hoped  the  mo-  Lord  Stanley  as  to  the  general 

tion  would  not  be  pressed.  principle  of  non-interference ;  but 

Lord  Stanley,  thought  the  on-  he  could  not  agree  in  thinkii^ 
Bwer  given  by  no  means  satiaiac-  that  there  were  no  circumstances 
tory,  thoogh  he  was  aware  that  in  the  previous  connexion  between 
Sir  W.  Parker's  fleet  bad  appeared  this  country  and  Sicily  wbicb  im- 
in  the  Boy  of  Naples  in  conse-  posed  npon  England  very  serious 
quence  of  o  ground  of  complaint  obligations  towards  that  country, 
against  a  NeapoUton  vessel.  The  On  a  fitting  occasion  he  should  be 
Bole  cause  of  the  offence  which  hod  perfectly  prepared  to  enter  folly 
led  to  the  appearance  there  of  a  mto  this  question. 
British  fleet  was,  that,  in  the  open  The  Duke  of  Argyle  regretted 
sea,  a  Neapolitan  vessel  chased  a  the  haste  shown  in  rect^ising 
Sicilian  vessel,  and,  for  the  pur-  the  independence  of  Sicily,  he 
pose  of  coming  within  distance,  felt  strongly  that  the  true  ints-. 
she  hoisted  British  colours ;  but  rests  of  Italy  lay  rather  in  a  con- 
previously  to  firing  she  lowered  solidation  than  a  division  of  her 
the  British  colours,  and  hoisted  power. 

the  NeapoUton.  No  doubt,  such  The  Earl  of  Ualmesbury  rei- 
a  matter  properly  called  for  di-  terated  in  plain  English  a  plain 
plomatio  oorreapondenco  and  ex-  question  which  hod  never  yet  been 
planations;  but  it  was  wholly  im-  answered.  Was  the  fleet  of  Ad- 
proper  and  unbecoming  to  permit  mirat  Parker  to  interfere  or  not 
the  intervention  of  a  powerful  with  any  expedition  tliat  the  King 
squadron  concerning  it.  of  Naples  might  send  against  his 

The   Earl  of  Minto   corrected  revolted  subjects  in  Sicily? 

Iiord    Stanley's   statement.      The  The  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  said 

Neapolitan  vessel  bad  hoisted  Bri-  he  had  already  slated  that  it  would 

tiah  colours,  not  in  the  open  sea,  not  be  consistent  with  the  publio 

but  in  the  waters  of  Corfu,  where  interests  to  give  an  answer  to  this 

a    number    of    Sicilian    refugees  question. 

were  taken  on  board.     They  were  Tlie  general  subjeot  of  Italian 

brought  over  to  Naples;  and,  as  politics,  and  the  part  taken  by  this 


England.]                      HISTORY.  [169 

ootmUy,  both  in  reference  to  the  Italy  in  the  preceding  Batumn, 
mptare  between  Austria  and  Sar-  which  Mr.  Disraeli  deKnibed  as  a 
dinia,  and  b]bo  to  the  revolationary  "  ronng  mission  to  teach  poli- 
movement  among  the  Sicilian  sub'  tioa  to  the  countij  in  ii4iich  Ho- 
jects  of  the  Ki^  of  Naples,  was  ohiaTelli  was  bom."  Itwascnrioua 
brought  under  the  no^ce  of  the  to  compare  the  objects  of  this  mia- 
House  of  Commons  by  Mr.  Dis-  eion  with  its  results.  Lord  Minto 
raeli,  a  few  days  after  the  discus-  was  to  induce  Austria  to  abstain 
sion  just  reconled.  The  intonded  from  invading  the  Sardinian  domi- 
mediation  of  our  own  Government  nioua.  In  this  ha  was  qnita  sno- 
between  the  disaentieDt  powers  in  oessful,  for  it  was  Sardinia  that 
the  north  of  Italy  had  been  fonn-  iDvaded  Austria.  The  nest  olgect 
ally  annonoced  by  Lord  Palmer-  of  this  official  mediator  was  to  ne- 
ston,  on  the  fltb  of  August,  in  tbo  gotiste  with  the  Pope  for  the  poi^ 
following  (erms,  in  answer  to  a  pose  of  establishing  diplomatic  re- 
question  addressed  to  him  by  Mr.  ladons  with  this  country.  Unfop- 
Philip  Howard :  ~"  I  can  assure  tunately,  at  the  very  moment  that 
my  honourable  friend,"  said  the  effect  was  about  to  be  given  to  this 
noble  Lord,  "that  Her  Majesty's  negotiation  by  an  Act  of  Parlia- 
tiovemment  are  deeply  sensible  of  ment,  brought  in  with  breathlesa 
the  great  importance  of  seeing  a  haste  by  the  Government,  the 
tenninatioD  put  to  that  unfortn-  Pope  ceased  to  exist  as  a  temporal 
Date  warfare  which  is  now  waged  prince,  and  the  measure  was  sns- 
in  the  north  of  Italy ;  and,  though  pended.  Probably  now  the  bolle- 
I  have,  perhaps,  no  right  to  spewk  tins  were  a  little  more  &voarabIe, 
for  other  Governments,  yet  I  may  for  now,  just  at  the  end  of  the 
assure  the  House  that  that  desire  Seaaion,  the  measure  introduced 
is  equally  shared  by  the  Govern-  into  the  Hoose  of  Lords  in  Fo- 
ment of  France.  {Ckaart.)  Her  bruary  was  beginning  to  steal 
Migesty's  Government  are  there-  again  into  legt^stive  life.  The 
fore  about  to  engage — indeed,  I  King  of  the  Two  Sicilies  then  io- 
may  say  are  ali^dy  engaged —  vited  Lord  Uinto  into  his  domt- 
or  at  all  events  are  about  to  take  nions.  He  accepted  the  invitation, 
steps,  in  coiguiiction.  I  trust,  with  and  had  laboured  hard  to  support 
the  Goverament.of  France,  to  en-  tbo  le^Iative  union  between  the 
deavour  by  amicable  n^otiation  to  Two  Sidliee.  His  labours  ended 
bring  the  present  warfare  to  an  in  severing  tho  political  connexion, 
end."  Not  being  able  to  profit  t^  thia 
Hr.  Disraeli  promptly  embraced  experience.  Lord  Palmorston  was 
the  of^rtunity  to  bring  this  sub-  now  about  to  try  his  hand  on  a 
ject  before  the  House  of  Commons  mediation  in  Italy  in  conjunction 
on  the  motion  for  going  into  a  Com-  with  another  country.  "Now,  I 
mittee  of  Supply,  on  the  10th  of  think, "saidMr.Dieraeli,"Iambut 
August,  when  be  re  vie  wed  thetrans-  making  a  Intimate  inqniiy  of  the 
actions  of  the  Fore^  Office  in  the  noble  Lord,  if  I  ask  him  to  in- 
field of  Italian  politics  in  a  tone  of  Cimn  the  Committee— first,  what 
lively  and  good-humoured  sarcasm,  is  to  be  the  prindpU  of  this  medi- 
He  began  by  some  jocose  re-  atiou?  Secondly,  what  is  to  ha 
marks  upon  the  somewbat  anoma-  the  nature  of  this  mediation  ? 
loua  eij^dition  of  Lord  Minto  to  And,  thirdly,  what  is  the  end  to 


170]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [B«?Ia»a. 

be  attained  by  tlus  mediation  7  principle  be  is  going  to  adriae  the 
la  the  principle  to  be  political —  Emperor  of  AuBtri&  to  Telinqoish 
to  Btop  efiiiBiOQ  of  blood?  or  to  his  dominions  in  Lombardj,  on 
airest  a  state  of  things  injurious  what  ground  can  be  refiise  to  de- 
to  British  merchants?  Why,  there  velope  the  idea  completely,  and  to 
is  no  effusion  of  blood  to  stop,  recommend  his  Imperial  Mtyesty 
and  there  are  no  commercial  to  reliaquiah  his  whole  hold  on  the 
interests  which  require  defence.  Venetian  territory  ?  And  how  can 
Uediatiou  on  a  political  principle  the  noble  Lord  be  the  preacher  of 
vill  be  an  easy  task:  the  noble  the  sentimental  principle  of  na- 
Lord  will  be  guided  by  the  doc-  tionality  in  Lombudy,  when  in  the 
trines  of  the  law  of  nations  and  North  of  Europe  be  is — as  be  is 
the  stipulations  of  existing  trea-  bound  to  do— defending  the  inter- 
ties  ;  he  will  take  down  Vatul,  and  ests  of  Holland  and  Denmark 
look  to  the  treaties  of  Paris  and  against  inTasion,  founded  upon  and 
Vienna;  and,  when  he  finds  the  justified  by  this  reiy  same  prin- 
Emperor  of  Austria  in  possession  ciple  of  nationality?  How  would 
and  peaceable  possession  of  the  fae  act  if  Hungary  claimed  media- 
domioions  wliich  those  treaties  se-  tion — with  its  four  races,  the  Mag- 
cured  to  him,  and  the  King  of  yars,  the  Sclaves,  the  Germans,  and 
Sardinia  also  in  possession  of  the  Wallachs  ?  I  wish  to  learn  from 
dominions  which  those  treaties  se-  Her  M^esty's  Ministers  what  is  to 
cured  to  him — when  he  finds,  aa  be  the  principle  of  that  mediation 
regards  these  two  powers,  that  — whether  it  is  to  be  a  political 
there  is  no  principle  of  public  law  principle,  founded  upon  the  law  of 
which  is  at  all  in  controversy,  the  nations  and  the  stipulations  of 
noble  Lord  may  shut  his  books,  treaties;  or  npon  this  modem, 
and  his  mediation  will  be  a  nulli^.  new-fangled,  sentimental  principle 
"But  it  was  inconceivable  that  so  of  nationality,  which  will  lead  to 
able  and  experienced  a  statesman  inextricable  confusion,  difficulty, 
could  adopt  a  course  with  such  an  and  danger? 
issue :  was  he  going  again  to  me-  "  What  are  the  means  by  which 
diate  on  the  dangerous  principle  the  mediation  is  to  be  carried  into 
with  which  he  sometimes  played —  efifect?  Is  it  to  be  an  armed  me- 
the  sentimental  principle  of  na-  diation?  If  so — ^Austria  being  in 
tionality  ?  3uch  a  course  would  be  possession  of  her  states,  and  Sar- 
fnll  of  difficulties.  "  If  it  be  ne-  dinia  of  hers — war  not  being  at 
oessary,  on  the  sentimental  prin-  this  moment  waged  between  the 
ciple,  that  Lombardy  should  be  in  two  sovereigns — an  armed  media- 
the  possession  of  the  Lombards,  tion  would  be  an  invasion;  we 
and  that  the  presence  of  an  Aua-  sbonld  be  securing  peace  by  be- 
trian  should  not  be  tolerated  there,  ginning  war.  If  it  is  only  to  be  a 
on  what  ground  can  you  justify  an  mediation  of  good  offices,  with 
arrangement  by  winch  the  Aus-  what  prospects  of  success  shonld 
trians  ore  to  retain  the  whole  of  we,  as  friends  of  the  Emperor,  ask 
Venetia,  a  territory  as  extensive  as  him  to  yield  the  dominions  which 
Lombardy,  and  far  more  import-  he  bos  held  for  three  centories, 
ant?  If  .the  noble  Lord  is  the  dis-  which  he  baa  regained  by  great 
ciple  and  preacher  of  the  principle  sacrifices,  and  by  the  great  valour 
of  nationality,  and  if  upon   uiat  of  bis  troops,  and  which  he  per- 


£.i,to»<l.]  HISTORY.  [171 

haps  nerer  held  nith  a  firmer  gnup  of  Groinwell ;  by  Bolii^roke  and 

thanat  this  moment?  Walpole.    But  a  forced  and  unreal 

"Ab  to  the  end  of  mediation,  what  co-operation  can  lead  to  no  results 

is  to  be  done  if  Lombard;  be  re-  but  disasters.     Lord  Palmerston 

linqoished  by  Austria?     Is  it  to  tried   the   system — which  he  naa 

be  given  to  Charles  Albert,  in  re-  not  to  be  taunted  with,  for  it  was 

ward  for  his  nocturnal  attack  on  a  the  systsm  of  his  predeceaaoia — in 

neighbour ;  or  to  be  erected  into  a  18SU-3S,  under  far  more  &voar- 

we«k  independent  state?    Is  it  to  able  circumstances  than  the  pra> 

beakiagdom,  orarepubUc?and,if  sent,  in  co-operation  with  a  Sove- 

a  republic,  what  sort  of  republic  ?  reign  who,  whsterer  his  errors,  did 

A  BevolutionarT  republic  or  a  Con-  succeed  in  bridling  for  aeTenteen 

servative  republic?  a  Red  republic  years  the  Jacobin  tiger.    Yet  the 

or  a  White  republio — a  republic  system  then  ended  in  the  tricoloiur 

with  a  red  cap,  or  a  republic  with  fioatingoverAnoonaand  Antwerp; 

a  white  feather?  in  Spanish  and  Portuguese  inva* 

"Therealolgectoftfaemediation  siona,  and  Grecian  revolt;  in  South 
is  one  that  cannot  be  announced —  American  blockades,  and  the  trou- 
it  is  to  prevent  an  invasion  of  bling  of  our  commerce  over  all  tba 
Italy  by  France.  That  is  an  event  Atl^tic  and  Pacific  waters. 
4a  be  deprecated;  but  is  it  pro-  "The  good  coursA  open  to  the 
bable?  France  has  no  right  to  Foreign  E^relair,"  aaid  Mr.  Dift> 
interfere  in  Italy ;  and  in  doing  so  raeli.  "  is  one  which  his  abilities, 
she  would  viol^e  every  principle  knowledge,  and  courage  fully  qua- 
of  public  law,  and  eveiy  Italiau  lify  him  to  adopt  and  succeed  in — it 
treaty.  It  is  not  her  interest  to  istheconduct  which  every  fingUsh' 
interfere.  It  must  be  confessed  man  should  adopt.  LethimteUtha 
that  our  ovrn  conduct  with  regard  world  that,  under  his  counsels, 
to  Naples  would  give  France  the  England  will  maintain  the  princi- 
colour  and  pretest  of  a  precedent,  pies  of  international  law — will  ob- 
But  France  has  not  now  the  slight-  serve  the  stipulations  of  existing 
est  wish  to  invade  Italy.  Her  only  treaties — will  not  sanction  any  out- 
object  is  to  force  an  occasion  at  rage  of  the  rights  of  nations  —will 
giving  to  Europe  an  idea  that  there  not  counsel  any  of  her  allies  to 
is  "cordial  co-operation"  between  yield  their  legititoate  interests  in 
the  G^onets  of  Paris  and  St.  order  to  groti^  the  morbid  vanity 
James's.  And  the  harmof  this  ia.  of  an  ill-regulated  society. — Then 
that  these '  forced  occasions  of  co-  would  Lord  Palmerston  earn  the 
operation  have  always  been  at  (he  sympathy  of  sovereigns  and  the 
expense  of  the  rights  of  third  par-  trust  of  suffering  nations,  rather 
ties  and  independent  sovereigns,  than  by  attempting  to  regulate  the 
A  real  concert  between  the  two  world  in  a  forced  concert  with  the 
countries  in  European  afl&ire  is  Jacobin  system,  which  begins  with 
desirable,  but  not  novel :  for  more  fraternity  and  universal  chari^, 
than  two-thirds  of  the  past  two  and  ends  with  assassination  and 
hundred  and  fifty  years,  a  cordial  spoliation." 
understanding  may  have  existed  Lord  Palmerston  commenced  his 
between  the  Governments :  it  was  answer  by  explaining  the  dncum- 
saactioned  by  the  sagacity  of  Eli-  stances  under  which  Lord  Sfinto 
zabeth;  the  prudence  and  wisdom  bad  been  despatched  upon  bis  Its* 


172] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.       [England. 


Itan  miseioti.  In  the  preceding 
summer,  in  consequence  of  the 
altered  polky  of  Uie  new  Pope, 
principles  of  constitutional  im- 
provement bad  be^n  to  spread 
over  the  vrhole  of  Italj.  It  was 
intimated  to  him  (Lord  Palmer- 
Btoa)  authentically,  though  not  pub- 
licly, that  the  Roman  Oovemment 
was  anxious  to  hare  a  representa- 
tive of  this  country,  possessing  the 
fiiU  confidence  of  its  Government, 
to  whom  recourse  might  be  had  for 
advice  and  aseistanoe  on  occasions 
of  difficulty.  A  similar  wish  hav- 
ing been  expressed  by  other  go- 
vemments  in  Italy,  Lord  Minto, 
being  designated  by  the  Ministry 
for  this  purpose,  carried  letters 
accrediting  him  to  the  Courts  of 
Turin  and  Florence  on  a  special 
mission.  Hie  advice  was  obtruded 
upon  no  party,  but  was  given  only 
when  he  was  appealed  to.  At 
Turin,  Florence,  and  Rome  he 
had  been  eminently  successful : 
constitutional  changes  had  been 
brought  about  in  those  countries 
without  any  civil  rupture  or  con- 
vulsion. It  was,  however,  no  part 
(tf  his  mission  to  prevent  Austria 
from  attaching  Bfu^dtnia:  but  he 
had  dissuaded  the  King  of  Sardinia 
from  adopting  offensive  measures. 
He  had  been  {brmally  invited  to 
Naples  by  the  King,  and  had  em- 
ployed his  most  zmIoub  efforts  to 
reconcile  that  monarch  and  bis 
Sicilian  subjects.  But  drcum- 
stancee  had  conspired  to  thwart 
his  success.  At  a  critical  period 
of  his  negotiations  nevra  of  the 
French  revolution  had  reached 
Palermo.  Difficulties  arose  on  the 
one  side  that  were  not  met  by  con- 
cessions on  the  other.  The  Sici- 
lians refused  to  acknowledge  the 
King  of  Naples  sa  tbeir  Sovereign; 
he  declinea  to  assent  to  the  crown 
being  given  to  one  of  his  sons,  to 


whom  it  was  offered.  The  nlti- 
mate  choice  of  another  prince  was 
purely  and  solely  the  act  of  the 
Sicilians  themselves,  though  un- 
doubtedly the  British  Government, 
accepting  aa  they  do  facta  and 
events,  had  signified  their  inten- 
tion to  acknowledge  the  Sovereign 
whom  the  Sicilians  might  choose 
as  he  should  be  d»  facto 


nposaeesion 
As  to  the 


to  the  joint  mediation  with 
France,  so  far  from  being  intru- 
sive, it  was  made  on  the  earnest 
application  of  all  the  parties  con- 
cerned. It  was  at  the  express  de- 
sire of  Austria,  of  Sardinia,  of 
Borne,  and  of  the  people  of  Italy. 
The  Government  of  Austria  at  the 
banning  bad  solicited  onr  good 
offices,  and  ou  two  recent  occa< 
sions  bad  renewed  the  application. 
It  was  objected  that  France  had 
no  right  to  intermeddle  ;  but  there 
ooula  be  no  question,  whatever 
might  be  the  justice  of  interference, 
that,  ^en  two  nations  were  at  war, 
it  was  competent  to  a  third  to  take 
which  side  it  pleased,  if  it  chose  to 
engage  in  the  conteet.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  late  military  events 
in  Italy,  France  was  strongly 
urged  to  give  instant  aid  to  the 
It^ian  cause.  It  was  maintained 
by  Mr.  Disraeli  that  cordial  friend- 
ship with  France  had  been,  and 
eboold  be,  the  standing  role  of 
this  country  ;  though  his  mode  of 
enforcing  this  doctrine  was  unfor- 
tunate, as  he  oould  scarcely — of 
oourse  without  intention — have 
thrown  more  hitter  ingredients  or 
poisonous  drugs  into  the  caldron 
of  national  animositiee.  Bnt  it  was 
a  mistake  to  suppose  that  the  pre- 
sent condition  of  France  made  it 
imposnble  for  her  to  take  part  in 
any  hostile  operations  Oiat  might 
engage  the  sympathies  of  her  rulers 
and  people.     Let  not  the  House 


SmfUmd.]                      HISTORY.  [173 

imsgiiie  that  Bay  tkui  phuitam  had  also,  a  frank,  lojvi,  biiii«Bt,  and  en- 
enated  oneaainess.  The  armed  ltght«ned  desire  that  the  policy  of 
iuterferenoe  of  France  in  Italy  France  may  find  itaelf  in  nniBon 
would  be  pregnant  with  all  the  with  the  policy  of  this  coantry. 
dangen  whioh  Mr.  Disraeli  had  (Cheen.)  I  must  also  say,  that 
gn^ucally  described.  If  France  the  events  of  the  lost  few  months 
sent  an  anny  to  Italy,  she  most  show  the  extraordinary  progresa 
send  another  to  the  Rhine ;  if  which  cirilization  and  enlishten- 
Geraany  then  rose  against  her,  ment  hara  made  in  Europe  duriag 
Bossia  would  rise  behind  her  and  the  last  half  century.  (Clutn.) 
foUow  in  her  track ;  and  the  flame  The  same  events  which  have  lately 
of  war  wonld  be  lighted  np  all  over  occurred  on  the  Continent  would, 
Europe.  But  the  French  Govern-  if  they  had  taken  place  fifty  years 
meat  said  to  us,  "  We  are  pressed  ago,  have  involved  the  whole  of 
to  interfere  by  arms  in  the  cause  Europe  in  a  war  of  the  bitterest 
of  Italy ;  but  we  do  not  wish  to  in-  nature  and  of  long  duration.  Kow, 
voire  our  country  in  a  war :  we  are  we  see  an  enlight«ned  and  sincere 
willing  to  endeavour  to  settle  mat-  desire  for  eitemal  |>eace.  The 
ters  I7  mediation,  if  you  will  assist  French  OoTemment  is  anxiously, 
ua :  it  must  be  a  joint  effort ;  that  wisely,  earnestly,  and  courageouuy 
will  remove  all  ground  of  jealousy,  employed  ic  establishing  order ;  it 
for  no  one  can  suppose  that  Eng-  b  working  for  the  prosperity  of 
land  entertains  hostile  views  with  the  French  nation,  and  oonsolidat> 
respect  to  Austria  ;  whatever  ing  the  liberties  of  that  couotiy ; 
Franca  and  England  do  in  con-  and  I  think  such  a  course  of  con- 
innotioD  must  be  a  work  of  peace ;  duct  does  honour  to  the  men  who 
It  must  have  the  termination  of  are  engaged  in  it,  whatever  may 
hostilities  for  its  object :  npon  have  been  their  previous  opinions 
these  gromnds  we  hope  you  will  in-  or  associationB.  (Clutrt.)  It  is  im- 
terfere  ooiyointly  with  us,  and  possible  that  two  nations  like  Eng- 
nntil  we  obtain  vour  answer  we  and  and  France  should  unite  to- 
will  suspend  our  oecasion  as  to  the  gether  for  any  purposes  which  can- 
adoption  of  other  measures."  Ad-  not  be  avowed  in  the  face  of  all 
dressed  in  such  language,  it  would  mankind.  The  purpose  for  which 
have  been  most  blam^Ie  for  us  they  are  now  acting  together  is  ona 
to  reiuae  to  enter  on  a  joint  media-  of  that  description  ;  and  I  trust  in 
tion.  It  was  agreed  that  our  Heaven  their  efforts  may  be  sue 
alliances  with  France  should  be  ceesfhL  At  all  events,  our  efibrta 
the  result  of  events,  and  that  oc-  will  be  steadily  and  zealously  di- 
easi<H»  for  co-operation  should  not  reeled  to  that  end ;  and,  whether 
be  invented.  Had  the  mighty  con-  we  succeed  or  &tl,  I  am  persuaded, 
Talajona at  presmt  agitating  Europe  that  the  deliberate  judgment  of 
been  invented  for  such  an  occasion?  Parliament  and  the  unanimoos 
Is  a  co-operation  under  such  cii^  opinion  of  the  countrywill  be,  that 
onmslancea  a  forced  alliance  ?  we  have  acted  right  in  making  the 

"There  still  exials,"  continued  endeavour."  (CAmti.) 

the  noble  Lord,  "on  the  part  of  After  a  few  words  from  Mr. 

those  who  govern  Fraaoe,  and,  I  fiankes,  the  discussion  terminated. 

■m  happy  to  say,  on  the  part  of  The  remarkable  event  of  the 

the  voa^mty  of  the  Freitch  nation  abrupt  dismissal   of  the    British 


174]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  {England. 

Uinieter,  Sir  Henry  Balwer,  from  bnt  ceDSured  hia  morbid  desire  for 

Madrid,  which  bwk  place  in  the  interferingand  intermeddling  with 

earlT    part  of  tbia  year,   excited  the  afiaira  of  other  eoontries.  How 

mat  astonishment  and  remark  in  had  this  conduct  advanced  British 

fhia  country.     The  Spanish  Go-  interests    or     British    induence? 

vemment,  actuated  by  a  feeling  of  Had  it  done  so  in  Portugal --where 

Strong  resentment  at  certain  ad-  the  Queen  evaded  the  terms  of  the 

vice  tendered  to  their  Government  last  convention  V     Had  it  done  bo 

with  respect  to  the  mode  of  con-  in  Italy — whither  Lord  Minto  was 

dacting  their  domestic  policy,  con-  sent  to  "  ride  the  whirlwind  and 

veyed  notice  in  the  most  summary  direct  the  storm  " — where  the  two 

and  unceremonious  manner  to  Sir  Sicilies  were  separated — where  Na- 

Henry  Bulwer,  that  he  should  be-  pies  refused  to  tolerate  any  but  tbe 

take  himself  out  of  the  country  Roman   Catholic   religion— where 

with  the  least  possible  delay.  The  the  Pope,  the  King  of  Sardinia, 

insult  thus  offered  to  England  in  and  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany 

the  person  of  her  ambassador  pro-  were  eng^ed  in  an  unprovoked 

duoed  a  lively  eentiment  of  indig-  aggression   on   a  friendly  power  ? 

nation  in  this  country.     The  mode  Lord  Stanley  anticipated  that  Aua- 

of    proceeding    adopted     by    the  tria  would  temporarily  regain  her 

Spanish  Minister  gave   great  of-  influence,  and  that  die  Milanese 

fence,  as  it  appeared  to  oe  quite  would  have  recourse  for  assistance, 

onwarranted    by  the    established  not  to  England,  but  to   France, 

usages  and  courtesies  of  diplomacy,  who  would  outrun  England  in  the 

At  the  same  time,  many  persons  race  of  popularity.    Irf>rd  Stanley 

attributed  great  blame  to  Uie  con-  read  the  three  letters  of  the  recent 

duct  of  our  own  ambassador,  or  correspondence,   with    a    running 

rather  to  that  of  Lord  Falmerston,  commentary,  pointing  out  the  un- 

under  whose  instructions  be  acted,  becoming  language  of  the  two  Eng- 

and  whose  policy  of  interference  lish  letters,  and  the  mortjlying  re- 

vritb  the  aflairs  of  foreign  states  buff  which    Mr.  Bulwer  had   r»- 

vaa  the  real  origin  of  this  unseemly  ceived  from  the  Spanish  Minister. 

quarrel.  He  asked  whether  the  Order  of  the 

The  first  reference  made  to  thie  Bath  had  been  conferred  on  Mr. 
Bubject  in  Parliament  was  in  a  Bulwer  in  consequence  of  that 
discussion  brought  on  by  Lord  correspondence  ?  (The  Marqnia  of 
Stanley  in  the  House  of  Lords,  on  I^nsdowne — "  No,  no.")  The  best 
the  0th  May,  upon  a  motion  for  course  for  a  great  nation  to  take 
the  production  of  the  correspond-  would  be,  ta  admit  that  the  inter- 
ence  between  Lord  Palmerston,  ference  was  unwarranted,  and  to 
Mr.  Bulwer,  and  the  Duke  of  trttst  to  Castilian  honour  for  the 
Sotomayor.  Lord  Stanley  on  this  withdrawal  of  all  that  was  offensive 
occasion  delivered  a  veiy  clear,  in  the  Spanish  Minister's  reply, 
impressive,  and  temperate  speech  The  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  an- 
on the  impolicy  of  intermeddling  swered  Lord  Stanley.  He  es- 
with  the  government  of  foreign  plained  how,  in  the  publiehed  vei^ 
countries,  and  especially  with  that  sion  of  Lord  Palmeraton's  letter, 
of  Spain.  words  were  omitted  which  left  a 

Personally  he  avowed  respect  discretion  to  Mr.  Bulwer,  as  to  the 

and  regard  for  Lord  Palmerston,  "  opportnni^"  of  making  the  com- 


Bwl"J-]                  HISTORY.  [176 

munioUion.  So  br  as  he  was  in-  brought  the  subject  forward,  when 
formed,  Lord  Lansdowne  thought  an  interesting  debate  took  place, 
it  a  subject  of  much  regret  t£at  Lord  Stanley  said  he  was  now 
Mr.  Bulwer  hod  chosen  to  make  Batiafiedthatthepoblicationofthese 
his  commomcation  in  the  precise  despatches  had  not  occurred  by  the 
terms  of  the  despatch.  But  it  ttssietance  or  with  the  knowledge 
should  be  remembered,  that  Mr.  of  Mr.  Bulwer;  and  he  thought 
Bulwer  was  intimatel;  acquainted  the  Duke  of  Sotomayor  himself 
with  the  state  of  Spain,  and  that  must  lutTe  become  satisfied  on 
the  communication  wag  made  to  a  that  point  In  the  authentic  docu- 
Oovemment  which  had  repeatedly  menta  lately  given,  Lord  Palmer- 
asked  advice  and  assistance  from  aton's  despatch  commenced  thus — 
this  country.  "  Sir,  I  have  to  instruct  you  to  re- 
.  Lord  Lansdowne  took  the  op-  commend  earnestly  to  the  Spanish 
portunity  of  explaining  a  circnm-  Government,  and  to  the  Queen- 
stance  not  alluded  to  by  Lord  Mother,  if  yon  have  an  opportuni^ 
Stanley,  in  connexion  with  the  re-  of  doing  so,  the  adopUon  of  a  legal 
cent  departure  of  the  Duke  and  and  constitutional  course  of  go- 
Duchess  of  Montpensier  from  Eng-  vemment  in  Spain."  Now,  Uie 
land.  A  rumour  had  been  in-  "opportunity  of^  doing  so"  dearly 
dustrioosly  circulated  that  soma  applied  to  the  Queen-Mother ;  and 
disreepecthadbeenahown  to  them.  Lord  Pal merston's  instinctiona  to 
That  was  not  the  fact.  The  Duke  Mr.  Bulwer  were  to  recommend  a 
and  Dncheaa  had  called  at  Bucking-  certain  course  to  the  Spanish  Gto- 
ham  Palace  to  bid  the  Queen  adieu ;  vemment.  and  to  the  Queen- 
but  they  had  omitted  the  usual  Mother  also,  if  be  had  an  oppratu- 
etiqnette  observed  on  the  occasion  nity  of  doing  so.  In  transmitting 
of  all  royal  visits,  and  had  not  pre-  a  copy  of  the  despatch  to  the 
viously  intimated  their  intention.  Spanish  GoTcmment,  Mr.  Bulwer 
The  Queen  was  desirous  to  have  appeared  to  have  omitted  the  pas- 
the  presence  of  Prince  Albert  and  sa^  applying  to  the  Queen- 
Lora  Palmerston  on  such  an  occo-  Mother,  and  had  given  to  the 
sion:  Lord  Palmerston  was  sent  Spanish  Oovemment,  with  or  with- 
for ;  but  he  was  from  home.  out  opportunity,  the  views  of  the 

Lord  Brougham,  in  a  short  Britisb  Government.  This,  bow- 
speech,  excused  Lord  Palmerston,  ever,  was  a  minor  point,  and  he 
but  strongly  blamed  the  indiscre-  did  not  attach  to  it  me  importance 
tion  of  Mr.  Bulwer  for  the  time  and  that  Iiord  Lansdowne  had  done, 
manner  of  fais  communication  to  A  far  more  important  point  was 
the  Spanish  Minister.  He  sug-  the  agreement  of  opinion  between 
gested  that  the  honorary  distinc-  the  British  Minister  and  the 
tion  lately  oonferred  on  Mr.  Bulwer,  Secretory  of  Slate  for  Foreign 
would  have  been  better  postponed  Ai&iirs,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
till  a  fitter  season.  wide  and  inexplicable  difierence  of 

Lord   Lansdowne    having  inti-  opinion  which  appeared  to    exist 

mated  that  the  papers  would  be  between  the  Secretary  of  State  for 

produced.  Lord  Stanley  withdrew  Foreign  Affiurs  and  bis  colleagues 

his  motion ;  but,  upon  the  corre-  in  the  Government.     Lord  I^ns- 

spondenoe  being  shortly  afterwards  downe  had  treated  the  despatch  as 

laid  before  the  House,  ha  tgua  an  indefensible  one  to  a  foreign 


176]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       [England. 

softer,  and  had  deemed  it  a  privaU  deepatchof  the  11th  inBtant,  with 
letter  not  intended  to  be  shown,  its  encloeures ;  and  I  have  to  in- 
" Lamented"  was  the  word  Lord  struct  ;ou  to  stat«  to  the  Duke  of 
Lansdowne  had  need  in  comment-  Botomajor  that  Her  Mf^eetj'a  Go- 
ing on  Mr.  Bulwer's  conduct  It  verament  entirely  approve  the  atep 
now  appeared  that  the  conduct  which  you  took  in  making  your 
which  Lord  Lansdowiie  as  a  British  communication  of  the  Ttb  instant. 
Minister  "lamented,"  the  Score-  and  likewise  of  joux  note  of  the 
tary  for  Foreign  Afbirs,  on  the  13th." 

&oe  of  the  documents  since  pub-  In  the  same  letter.  Lord  Falmer- 
lished,  had  formallj  and  entirely  ston  went  on  to  saj,  that  Her 
a^roved,  in  the  name  of  the  Go-  Mqes^  b  OoTemment  were  not 
Temment.  Ur.  Bulwer's  first  at  all  offended  either  at  the  re- 
despatch  to  the  Duke  de  Soto-  tumof  Mr.  Bulwer's  note  or  at  the 
major  was  dated  on  the  7th  of  tone  of  the  Duke  of  Sotomayor's 
April,  and  on  the  19th  Lord  Pa2-  letter.  The  Christian  foi^veneea 
mereton  wrote  to  Mr.  Bulwer—  and  meekness  here  exhibited  might 
"  With  reference  to  your  despatch  be  vevy  prabeworthj  on  the  part 
of  the  10th  instant,  I  have  to  in-  of  a  prinite  individual,  but  they 
form  you  that  Her  Majesty's  Go-  werewhollyunwortbyofthedignity 
Temment  approve  the  language  of  the  great  power  of  which  I^ord 
which  you  held  to  Queen  Christina  Palmerston  was  the  Minister.  The 
on  the  1th  instant,  pointing  out  to  noble  Viscount  had  in  the  most  ex- 
her  Majesty  the  importance  of  go-  pljcit  manner  conveyed  his  sanc- 
Toming  Spain  by  constitutional  tion  of  Mr.  Bulwer's  proceedings  ; 
means ;  and  that  Her  M^esty's  and  yet,  when  the  despatches  were 
Govenunent  likewise  approve  of  returned,  the  noble  Lord  wrote  to 
the  note  which  you  addressed  on  tell  Mr.  Bulwer  that  he  was  "not 
the  Tth  instant  to  the  Spanish  at  all  oEFended "  at  what  the 
Minister  for  Foreign  Afifoirs,  offer-  Spanish  Government  had  done. 
in^  aimilar  counsel  to  the  present  This  was  the  most  absurd  tenninar 
MinisteiB  of  Her  Catholic  M^esty."  tion  to  the  most  inconceivably  im- 
Lord  Stanley  left  it  to  the  noble  prudent  step  that  he  had  ever 
Mu^uia  to  explain  the  diaorepancy  heard  of.  The  noble  Viscount  was 
which  ezistea  between  the  noble  not  offended  at  his  despatches 
Viscount,  who  spoke  in  the  name  being  returned  In  himl  In  a  space 
of  his  colleagues  in  this  despatch,  of  twenty-nine  lines  the  noble 
and  the  noble  Marquis,  who  an-  Viscount  supposed  oases  which 
peared  to  speak  in  the  name  of  his  had  not  occurred  between  Spain 
oolleoguea  on  the  present  occasion,  and  England;  and,  instead  of 
But,  in  addition  to  this,  there  was  taking  the  course  which  such  an 
RnoUier  letter  of  Lord  Falmerslon  insulting  return  of  his  despatch 
now  published — the  most  extraor-  demanded,  the  noble  Visoount  con- 
dinary  one  it  had  ever  been  Lord  eluded  by  reminding  the  Spanish 
Stanley's  fortune  to  read.  It  was  Minister  for  Foreign  Afiiurs,  that 
vriitsB  on  receipt  of  the  Duke  of  under  certain  drcumstanoes,  and 
Botomajor's  despatch  of  the  10th,  unless  Great  Britain  had  inter- 
ud  began  thus —  fered  to  maintain  the  present 
"  Fon^  Office,  AprU  »,  1B48.  Queen  of  Spain  upon  the  throne, 
"Sir,— I   have   received   your  the  Minister  of  Foreign  A£&irs 


OvUiul.] 


HISTORY. 


[ir? 


in  tbat  coootTy  might  himself  have 
been  a  proscribed  exile  in  a.  foreign 
country.  This  stroke  of  generositj, 
he  admitted,  he  bad  reeid  with  the 
greateet  regret.  He  saw  no  pro- 
spect of  B,  satis&otory  issue  on  the 
part  of  the  noble  Viscount  to  a 
correspondence  so  conducted.  He 
believed  it  to  be  his  duty  to  call 
their  Lordships'  attenti«)  to  the 
laota  ai  they  existed  on  the  face  of 
the  documents  Isid  before  Parlia- 
ment; and  he  thought  their  Lord- 
ships bad  a  right  to  know  whether 
the  course  and  conduct  of  Mr. 
Bolwer,  in  presenting  this  note, 
were  considered,  as  appeared  by  the 
statement  of  the  noble  Marquis 
the  other  night,  an  imprudent 
coarse  by  her  Majesty's  Govern- 
ment, or  whether  the  noble  Vis- 
count was  justified  in  stating  that 
it  had  the  entire  and  cordial  ap- 
proval of  his  colleagues. 

The  Marquis  of  Luisdowne  said 
that  the  construction  put  upon  the 
iMiguage  he  had  used  on  the 
former  occasion  was  hardly  a  fair 
one.  Judging  of  the  case  in  thi$ 
country,  he  had  certainly  regretted 
the  communication  ;  but  he  had 
particularly  stated  his  confidence 
that  Mr.  Bulwer,  with  hie  know- 
ledge of  the  country  in  which  bo 
resided,  and  his  talents  for  public 
business,  had  had  reasons  which 
made  the  course  he  took  impera- 
tive on  him.  Unless  Mr.  Bulwer 
had  been  afterwards  instmcted  to 
state  the  approbedon  of  bis  con- 
duct by  hia  chief,  it  would  have 
been  equal  to  aa  expression  of  dis- 
apIffDbatioD,  and  his  recall  mast 
have  followed ;  a  step  which  the  Mi- 
nbters  were  not  prepared  to  take, 
especially  considering  the  language 
of  the  Duke  of  Sotomayor's  des- 
patch. However,  Lord  I^ns- 
downe  was  happy  to  say  that  an 
amicaUe  spirit,  had  since  ari3en 

Vol.  XC. 


between  the  parties,  owing  to  the 
conciliatory  conduct  which  Mr.  Bul- 
wer had  pursued.  Hia  recall  was 
not  demanded  ;  and  a  renewal  of 
the  coDtroverBy  among  their  Lord- 
ships would  only  end  in  unneces- 
sary imputations. 

The  Earl  of  Aberdeen  agreed 
that  it  would  have  been  most  ud- 
juat  to  recall  Mr.  Bulwer :  for  he 
had  certainly  acted  accordii^  to 
the  spirit  of  hia  instmciions. 

It  was  said  that  approbation  of 
Mr.  Bulwer  was  necessarily  con* 
veyed  to  him  in  order  that  the 
Duke  of  Sotomayor  should  have 
no  triumph.     But  the  approbation 


Duke's  despatch;   so  the  excosa 
had  no  application. 

He  (Ijord  Aberdeen)  heard  with 
peculiar  satisfaction  that  amicable 
relations  were  renewed;  but  he 
concurred  in  Lord  Stanley's  oen- 
sures.  "  I  was  curious  upon  the 
point  when  I  saw  these  papers ; 
and.  although  I  fully  expected  to 
hear  tbat  the  renewal  of  friendly 
communications  had  been  brought 
about,  I  certainly  could  not  have 
anticipated  that  it  would  have 
taken  place  in  the  manner  in 
which  it  appears  by  tbese  papers 
to  have  occurred.  For  your  Lord- 
ships are  perhaps  scarcely  aware 
how  perfectly  unprecedented  a  pro- 
ceeding this  is  which  has  taken 
place.  I  have  had  some  experience 
in  these  matters.  I  h^ve  bad  cor- 
respondence, occasionally  more  or 
less  angry,  with  foreign  Govern- 
ments, though  not  very  often;  but 
tbat  a  despatch  of  a  British 
Secretary  of  State  should  be  re- 
turned by  the  Minister  of  a  foreign 
Government  as  unfit  to  be  retained 
or  received,  appears  to  me  lo  be  a 
thing  quite  unexampled.  I  never 
could  have  supposed  that  such  a 


178]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  lEn^h^nd. 

thing  waa  poeaibls.    Not  only  in  imperious  temper — to  propose  to 

mj  experieoce  have  I  never  beard  him  to  transfer  the  gOTemment  to 

of  such  a  thing,  but  I  will  venture  perwns  who  were  at  that  moment 

to  sa^  that  this  is  the  firat  time  a  aotuallj  under    an   accusation   of 

British  Miaist«r  ever  suffered  such  attempting  a    revolution    in   the 

mu  indignity."  ata.te — seemed  to  be  an  act  so  ill 

Lord  Aberdeen  condemned,  as  advised  that  it  could  only  be  re- 
being  indelicat«  and  in  bad  taste,  ceived  as  it  has  been.  Nobody 
the  allusion,  in  Mr.  Bulwer's  let-  would  have  dreamt  some  time  s^ 
ter,  to  the  unfortunate  King  of  the  that  a  successful  opposition  could 
French  and  his  family,within  a  fort-  have  been  made  in  Spain  to  revo- 
night  after  his  arrivu  in  this  oouQ-  luttonaiy  attempts;  but,  such  hav- 
try,  and  tlie  holding  him  up  as  a  iiig  been  made,  it  was  the  interest 
warning  to  the  Spanish  Govern-  as  well  as  the  duty  of  Great  Britain 
ment.  to  give  the  Government  every  sup- 

The  course  taken  in  regard  to  port  in  its  power,  instead  of  getting 
the  Spanish  Prime  Minister  was  up  miaerable  quarrels  about  more 
most  inopportune,  and  unlikely  to  or  less  infusion  of  Liberal  persons 
produce  a  sood  effect.  Unfortu-  into  that  Government 
iwtely,  in  tne  case  of  Spain,  ever  Lord  Brougham  closed  the  de- 
aince  the  correspondence  took  place  bate  by  a  few  remarks.  He  sug- 
which  had  been  produced  some  gested  that  amity  between  the 
time  ago,  in  which  the  Spanish  nations  would  be  best  promoted,  if 
Government  was  alluded  to  in  no  such  discussions  as  the  present 
Tory  measured  terms,  there  had  were  abstained  from, 
existed  a  feeling  of  suspicion  and  In  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
hostility  on  their  part  which  pre-  some  subject  was  debated  on  the 
vented  them  from  receiving  any  6th  of  June,  being  introduced  by 
kind  of  advice  from  this  country,  Mr.  George  Bonkes,  who  moved, 
however  salutary,  without  a  certain  pursuant  to  notice,  the  following 
degree  of  reluctance.  The  exist-  resolution: — 
ence  of  this  feeling  was  well  "  That  this  House  learns  with 
known ;  and  this  made  it  only  the  deep  regret,  from  a  correspondence 
more  necessary,  if  we  wished  to  between  the  British  Goverament 
act  with  them  in  a  friendlv  man-  and  the  Government  of  Spain,  now 
ner,  to  approach  them  with  all  upon  the  table  of  thb  House,  that 
that  care,  delicacy,  and  prepora-  a  proposed  interference  with  the 
tion,  which  might  render  it  pes-  internal  concerns  of  the  Spanish 
sible  to  do  away  with  that  sus-  Government,  as  conducted  under 
picion  and  hostility.  But,  made  the  authority  and  with  the  entire 
as  that  communication  was,  it  al-  approval  of  Her  M^esty's  Mi- 
most  appeared  to  him  (Lord  Aber-  nistera,  has  placed  the  British 
deen)  that,  if  not  made  purposely  Government,  and  our  representor 
with  the  view  of  its  not  being  tive  at  the  Court  of  Madrid,  in  a 
accepted,  it  must  have  been  position  humiliating  in  its  cha- 
made  without  the  shadow  of  a  locter,  and  which  is  calculated  to 
hope  that  it  would  be  accepted,  affect  the  friendly  relations  here- 
To  propose  to  such  a  Minister —  tofore  existing  between  the  Courta 
who,  whatever  his  merits  might  of  Great  Britain  and  of  Spain." 
'  be,  was  known  to  possess  a  most  In  the  remarks  with  which  he 


Enghmd.]                  HISTORY.  [179 

prefaced  hia  motion,  Mr.  Bankes  aoj  reepect  exceeded  them.  The 
called  attention,  first,  to  the  sin-  Spanish  OoTernment,  however, 
gular  circumstance  that,  for  the  had  exceeded  its  dutf  when  it  not 
first  time  in  our  bistory.  a  British  only  rejected  the  despatches  of  Sir 
Minister  had  been  expelled  from  H.  Bulwer,  but  also  directed  him 
the  Conrt  to  which  he  had  been  to  leave  the  capital  within  forty- 
accredited,  and  had  been  com-  eight  hours.  He  then  criticized 
pelled  to  leave  the  country  within  the  celebrated  letter  communicated 
a  very  limited  time;  and,  next,  to  by  Sir  H.  Bulwer  to  the  Duke  de 
the  still  more  singular  drcum-  Sotomayor,  contending  that  it  was 
stance,  that  the  British  Govern-  an  un<^led-for  interference  with 
meot  had  hitherto  observed  the  the  afbira  of  a  foreign  Oovem- 
most  complaisant  silence  there-  ment,  which  no  Government  calling 
opon.  He  therefore  felt  it  to  be  itself  independent  could  vtewwitii- 
hi3  duty  to  call  on  the  Govern-  out  indignation,  and  which,  in  his 
ment  to  give  explanations,  which  opinion,  was  certain  to  disturb  the 
it  had  hitherto  withheld  from  the  ties  of  friendship  which  had  so 
House,  on  this  subject.  He  hoped  long  existed  between  England  and 
that  Lord  Palmerslon  would  see  Spain.  He  could  not  permit  that 
tbat  the  opportunity  now  given  letter,  and  the  other  papers  by 
him  for  vindicating  the  conduct  of  which  it  was  accompanied,  to  re- 
the  British  Government  and  its  main  on  the  table  of  the  House, 
ambassador  was  not  too  late.  Pre-  either  with  the  approbation  of  Far- 
pared  as  he  was  to  join  with  Her  liament,  or  without  a  severe  corn- 
Majesty's  Ministers  to  demand  ment  upon  them.  He  expressed 
reparation  from  the  country  which  the  deepest  regret  that  those 
haid  insulted  and  iigured  us,  be  papers  existed;  and  he  believed 
thought  that  he  should  do  this  that  every  Member  in  the  House 
cause  good  by  admitting  the  ehared  in  that  regret  He  then 
grievous  error  committed  by  the  entered  into  a  veiy  minute  ex- 
British  Cabinet  in  tiie  first  in-  amination  of  them,  contending 
stance.  It  was  essen^al  that  that  they  had  been  very  cautiously 
Parliament  should  know  whether  and  cleverly  selected  for  Lord 
the  charges  brought  against  Sir  Palmerston's  purposes ;  that  they 
H.  Bulwer,  in  the  papers  already  consisted  of  mere  extracts,  not 
presented  to  it,  were  the  only  from  the  despatches  of  foreign 
charges  to  be  preferred  against  him.  ministers,  but  from  the  despatches 
If  there  were  nothing  more  against  of  our  own;  and  that  they  were 
Sir  H.  Bulwer  than  the  chaises  filled  with  extracts  from  foreign 
preferred  in  these  papers,  then,  newspapers,  which  were  not  worth 
though  he  must  admit  that  they  the  paper  on  which  they  were 
arose  out  of  the  most  unhappy  written.  He  conceived  that  they 
diplomacy  of  Lord  Palmerston,  he  were  laid  before  Parliament  for 
certainly  conld  not  admit  that  they  the  mere  purpose  of  delay,  and  for 
afforded  any  justification  fbr  the  the  sake  of  mystifying  instead  of 
expulsion  of  our  ambassador.  He  elucidating  all  the  points  at  issue. 
lamented  that  the  instructions  sent  He  then  maintained  that  the  laa- 
out  to  Sir  H.  Bulwer  had  led  to  guage  in  which  liord  Palmerston 
such  results;  but  he  could  not  had  pressed  adoption  of  a  legal 
allow  that  Sir  H.  Bulwer  had  in  and  consdtotional  course  upon  tiie 

rN9] 


180]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Englattd. 

Queen-Motber,  and  the  Spanish  circulated  the  caluranj  that  Sir  H. 
Oovernment  vtas  bo  rude  and  in-  Bulner  bad  been  abandoned  for 
Bolting  that  bis  Lardship  could  his  conduct  by  the  British  Govern- 
not  have  adopted,  if  he  baa  wished,  ment.  Lord  FalmerBton  would 
a  more  certain  method  of  defeating  rather  give  his  office  to  the  winds 
his  own  ot^ect.  He  contrasted  than  treat  Sir  H.  Bulwer  in  that 
that  insulting  tone  with  the  con-  manner.  Mr.  Sbiel  concluded  bj 
ciliUory  language  addressed  hj  pronouncing  a.  warm  and  eloquent 
Lord  Palmerston's  ancestor,  SirW.  panegyric  upon  the  Foreign  Mi- 
Temple,  to  one  of  our  own  ambae-  niqter  for  the  enlightened  and 
Bodot^  in  the  reign  of  Cbarles  Tl.,  liberal  spirit  which  characterised 
who  bad  to  make  a.  similar  com-  bis  policy, 
municalion  in  his  day  to  a  foreign  Lord  Mahon  admitted  that,  usder 

giwer.  Ou  the  other  hand,  Mr.  the  circumstances  stated  by  Mr. 
anks  ui^ed  that  the  conduct  of  Shiel,  Lord  Palmerston  bad  a 
Sir  H.Bulwer  required  no  defence,  right  to  tender  bis  advice  to  the 
He  bad  neither  exceeded  nor  fallen  Government  of  Spain;  but  he 
short  of  bis  instructions;  but  it  could  not  concur  in  the  scope  of 
was  impossible  to  deny  that,  as  that  advice,  or  the  terms  in  which 
the  instructions  given  to  him  in  it  had  been  conveyed.  The  papers 
the  first  instance  were  the  cause  on  the  table  at  present  were 
of  all  the  miaunderstanding,  we  too  incomplete  to  eoable  a  matare 
ought  to  admit  oar  error  in  that  judgment  to  be  formed  with  re- 
respect  before  we  vindicated  the  spect  to  the  position  in  which  this 
insult  which  had  been  inflicted  on  country  was  placed  towards  Spain. 
Ibis  country  by  the  expulsion  of  So  far  as  those  papers  went, 
our  Minister.  He  thought  there  there  was  not  in  them  even  the 
would  be  no  difficulty  in  auch  a  ebadow  of  a  justification  for  the 
course,  especially  as  Lord  J.  Rub-  dismissal  by  tbe  Spanish  Oorem- 
sell  and  Lord  Palmerston  had  both  ment  of  tie  ambassador  of  a 
belonged  to  Earl  Grey's  Ooveni-  friendly  power,  to  whom  they  were 
meat,  which  took  office  on  the  indebted  so  deeply  for  co-operation 
three  principles  of  reform,  re-  and  moral  influence.  He  oould 
trenchment,  and  non-interference  not  concur  in  the  resolution  of  Ur. 
with  the  aSaira  of  foreign  states.  Bankes,  regarding  it  as  a  vote  of 
Mr.  Shiel,  in  a  speech  of  con-  censure  upon  the  Government,  the 
uderable  length  and  ability,  vin-  consequenoee  of  which  he  was  not 
dicat^  Lord  Palmerston's  inter-  prepared  to  incur  at  the  present 
vention   in   the  o&irs  of  Spain,  time. 

which  he  described  as  being  neces-  Lord  John  Buasell,  after  oom- 

saiy  to  prevent  eveiy  vestige  of  plimenting  Lord    M^on  on  the 

freedom  from  being  swept  away  in  candour  with  which  he  had  spokeo, 

that  country.    The  Spanish  Go-  thought  that  his  Lordship  would 

vemment,  forgetting  the  benefits,  admit  that  one  Government  was 

or  rather  resenting  the  obligations,  at  liberty  and  might  even  be  bound 

that  it  had  received  from    Lord  to  give  its  advice  to  another  on  its 

Palmerston,  put  upon  him  a  oon-  internal  afjairs,  provided  its  advice 

tumely  which  could  not  humiliate  was  tendered  in  friendly  language, 

him,  though  it  might  be  disgraceful  It  was  but  recently  that  the  Mini- 

to  them.    They   had,   moreover,  sterof  the  Queen  of  ^>ain  bad  felt 


£i^««t]                    HISTORY.  [181 

himBelfboundtoiDipFessontheGo-  FalmenloD,  tbe  English  Oovem- 
TemmeatoftheKiugofNEipleBthe  ment  had  to  oonsider  whether  he 
neceeshf  of  displajiitg  clemenc}'  b&d  acted  properly  in  preseiiUng  it. 
after  the  sueoesseB  which  he  had  It  was  their  unanimone  conclusion 
gained  over  his  insurgent  Gulgects.  that  he  had  done  so.  It  would 
The  same  advice  had  been  given  at  have  been  a  gross  ahandonment  of 
the  same  time  by  the  Minister  of  chanuter  if  the  Oovemment  had 
England,  and  jet  it  bad  never  oc-  taken  a  technical  Advantage  of  Sir 
Guired  to  the  Minister  of  Naples  H.  Bulwer,  and  had  eaid,  "Yon 
to  say  that  their  interference  was  had  no  instructions  to  deliver  that 
ui^DBtifiable  unless  they  intended  note;  and,  as  you  have  done  so 
that  he  should  also  interfere  with  without  authority,  we  disavow  you 
the  Governments  of  Spain  and  and  your  proceedings."  The  Go- 
England.  Jjord  J.  Russell  then  vemment,  therefore,  willingly  in- 
explained ,  in  terms  similar  to  those  curred  the  whole  responsibiUty  for 
employed  by  Mr.  Shiel.  the  peeuliar  Sir  K.  Bulwer'e  conduct,  and  now 
reasons  which  justified  England  in  stood  before  the  House  to  justify 
givingadtioetotheQueenaf  Spain,  its  policy;  to  be  acquitted,  if  the 
The  events  of  the  present  year  Honee  ^eaaed  to  acquit  it — to  be 
had  been  extraordinary.  There  censured,  if  the  House  pleased  to 
was  no  country  which  could  be  censure  it — but  not  denying  or 
considered  safe  from  those  con-  evading  the  responsibility  properly 
vnlsions  which  had  upset  thrones,  belonging  to  it.  Lord  J.  Russell 
destmyed  constittitioQa,  and  placed  then  proceeded  to  refute  the  argu- 
large  cafMtala  in  the  ppwer  of  vio-  ment  that  Lord  Palmerston  should 
l^it  mote;  and,  under  such  cir-  have  resented  most  deeply,  and  in 
Gomstancea,  how  could  the  fate  of  the  most  pompous  terms,  the  dis- 
Spata  £ail  to  attract  painfully  the  courtesy  of  the  Spanish  Govem- 
attention  of  Lord  Falmeraton?  ment  in  rqeclins  his  despatch.  He 
He  then  recapitulated  the  circum-  thought  that  his  Lordship  had  done 
stances  under  which  Lord  Palmer-  better  in  explaining  that  what  we 
Bton  had  written  his  celebrated  had  done  was  done  in  a  friendly 
despatch  of  March  last,  and  pro-  spirit;  and  that,  if  Spain  chose  to 
ceeded  to  justify  the  advice  which  be  angry,  we  did  not  intend  to 
his  Lordship  had  given  the  Queen  be  offended.  He  censured  Mr. 
of  Spain  to  form  an  Administration  Bankes  not  only  for  asking  for 
out  of  the  two  great  factions  into  further  information  whilst  nego- 
which  the  country  was  divided,  as  tiations  were  going  on,  but  also 
the  best  means  of  supporting  her  for  moving  a  vote  of  oensure  on 
throne  against  all  parties.  Havine  Ministers  at  present;  for  he  was 
received  hia  instructions  from  Lord  quite  convinced  that,  if  the  House 
Palmerelon,  Sir  H.  Bulwer  saw  were  now  to  adopt  such  a  vote,  it 
with  alarm  a  law  passed  at  Madrid  would  weaken  the  powers  of  the 
suspending  all  the  privileges  of  Queen's  represuitatives,  whoever 
the  Constitution,  and  also  saw  all  they  might  be,  in  drananding  re- 
the  leading  Progreesislas  seized  paraiion  from  the  Spanish  Govem- 
and  imprisoned  vrithont  even  the  ment.  With  regard  to  our  rela> 
form  of^  a  trial.  Under  such  cir-  tious  with  Spain,  he  admitted  that 
cnmstances,  after  Sir  H.  Bulwer  they  were  peculiar  and  delicate; 
had  presented  to  the  Spanish  hut,  considering  our  power  and 
GqvfdmmBnt  the   note   of    Lord  the  weakness  of  Spun,  he  thought 


1823 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       iEngland. 


that  ve  were  bound  to  treat  her 
with  the  utmost  forbearanco.  He 
regretted  the  violent  and  peremp- 
tory step  tAken  by  the  Spanish 
Government  towards  Sir  H.  Bui- 
wer,  for  which  he  could  see  no 
iustificaticin ;  but  he  assured  the 
House  that,  whilst  the  destinies  of 
Spain  were  placed  in  hands  want- 
ing in  temper,  discretion,  and  re- 
gard for  a  generous  ally,  he  would 
not  forget  that  the  interests  of  the 
Queen  of  Spain  and  of  the  gallant 
Spanish  nation  ought  to  be  re- 
garded, for  the  Bak4  of  old  recol- 
lections, with  feelings  of  friend- 
ship and  amity  on  our  part. 

Mr.  Disraeli  considered  that  a 
gross  insult  had  been  inflicted  on 
the  dignity  of  the  Queen  and  the 
British  Government,  and  asked 
why  a  full  satisfaction  had  not  been 
exacted  from  the  ofiendiug  Court, 
The  House  knew  from  the  Spanish 
Government  the  reasons  which  had 
induced  it  to  dismiss  Sir  H  Bul- 
wer  from  Madrid.  Would  any  man 
venture  to  affirm  that  they  formed 
a  saljs&ctory  justification  for  so 
unparalleled  an  outr^e?  We  were 
powerful  enough  to  submit  to  in- 
sult for  a  time,  provided  it  was 
clear  that  an  apology  would  ulti- 
mately be  offered ;  but  had  the 
Spanish  Goverument  shown  any 
readiness  to  apologize  for  the  great 
and  unparalleled  insult  which 
it  had  offered  to  tho  Grown  and 
Ministry  of  Great  Britain?  No- 
thing like  it.  After  all  the  delay 
which  had  taken  place  in  the  pro- 
duction of  these  papers,  be  believed 
that  the  Spanish  Government  had 
no  other  charge  to  prefer  against 
Sir  H.  Bolwer  than  those  ridi- 
culous accusations  which  appeared 
in  them ;  and,  if  so.  next  to  the 
outr^  which  it  had  committed 
against  us  in  dismissing  Sir  H. 
Bulwer  was  the  outrage  of  daring 
to  send  an  envoy  to  explfdn  it.  If  r. 


Disraeli  then  entered  into  a  long 
examination  of  the  foreign  policy 
of  which  Lord  Palmerston  had  been 
the  exponent,  for  the  purpose  of 
showing  that  it  had  laid  the  seeds 
of  infinite  confusion  in  every 
country  with  which  he,  a  partizan 
of  noQ-int«nrention,  had  interfered. 
Of  late  years  the  plot  had  thick- 
ened, and  our  foreign  policy  had 
been  directed  to  finding  not  merely 
constitutions  for  the  acceptance  of 
independent  states,  but  statesmen 
to  superintend  their  administra- 
tion. The  expulsion  of  the  Eng- 
lish Minister  from  Madrid  was  the 
result  of  that  pernicious  system  of 
Liberalism  which  had  prevailed  so 
long  in  that  House;  and,  as  a 
check  upon  it,  it  was  their  first 
duty  to  express  their  sense  of  the 
unparalleled  outrage  committed 
against  the  dignity  of  the  Sove- 
reign; their  next,  not  to  allow  a 
diplomatic  servant  of  the  country 
to  be  made  a  scapegoat  for  Miuis- 
tera ;  and  their  third,  to  show  that 
this  was  not  an  attack  on  an  indi- 
vidual Minister,  but  on  a  system 
which  he  bad  too  long  been  forced 
to  develope,  but  from  which  he 
had  departed  in  1840,  in  obedi- 
ence to  the  dictates  of  his  own 
genius,  and  had  so  conferred  great 
benefits  on  his  coontiy. 

Sir  R.  Inglb  condemned  the 
dismissal  of  Sir  H.  Bulwer  from 
Madrid  by  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment as  an  unparalleled  outr^e 
on  the  dignity  of  Great  Britain, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  considered 
the  interference  of  Lord  Palmer- 
ston in  the  aSairs  of  Spain  as  very 
unjustifiable. 

Sir  R.  Peel  had  heard  with  the 
greatest  SBtisfaction  the  determi- 
nation of  Government  to  adopt 
the  conduct  of  Sir  H.  Bulwer 
as  their  own,  and  to  assume  the 
full  responsibility  of  it  It  was 
but  Just  that  they  should  do  90; 


ZngUHd.}                   HISTORY.  [183 

one  of  the  causes  alleged  for  tfae  caose  he  was  imwilliog  to  place  oa 
removal  of  Sir  H.  Bulwer  from  record  that  hta  country  was  in  a 
Madrid  by  the  Bpaniah  Govern'  homiliating  position.  He  also 
ment  was  that  public  opinion  was  thought  that  the  time  of  bringing 
B*eiBe  to  faim,  uot  only  in  Spain  it  forward  was  premature ;  for,  3 
but  also  in  England.  He  then  the  House  needs  most  express  an 
alated  that  Sir  H.  Bulwer  had  opinion  upon  it,  it  would  be  better 
been  placed  in  his  diplomatic  aitua-  to  wait  until  the  whole  drama  was 
tion  in  Spain  by  the  Earl  of  Aber-  before  it,  and  not  to  condemn  the 
deen,  not  from  any  political  pre-  first  act  without  knowing  how  it 
dilection  or  connexion,  but  from  a  might  work  upon  the  diwu«mMU. 
convictioD  of  his  superior  skill  and  Because  he  Uiought  the  penalty 
ability.  Ixwking  at  these  des'  now  proposed  to  be  inflicted  too 
patches,  he  saw  no  ground  for  find*  heavy  for  the  ofTence,  because  it 
u^  foult  with  his  conduct  at  Ma-  was  unwise  for  the  House  of  Com- 
drid.  The  question  then  aroBCf  mona  to  declare  its  own  humilia* 
bow  the  House  was  to  dispose  of  tion,  because  such  a  declaration 
this  motion.  Mr.  Disraeli  had  would  paralyse  the  arm  of  the 
stated  that  there  were  three  ob-  Government,  and  would  lead  the 
jects  for  which  it  had  been  brought  Spanish  Government  to  enter- 
forward  ;  the  first  to  manifest  the  tun  false  expectations  of  sup- 
intention  of  the  House  to  exempt  port  irom  that  House,  he  should 
Sir  H.  Bulwer  from  blame;  se-  give  on  this  occasion  a  vote 
oondly,  to  maintain  the  honoiu:  of  which,  tiiough  it  would  not  im- 
England,  which  hod  been  out-  ply  censure  on  the  Government, 
ra^d  by  Spain;  and,  thirdly,  not  would  enable  the  House  to  go 
to  condemn  Lord  Palmerston,  but  without  delay  into  a  Committee  of 
that  system  by  which  Liberalism  Supply. 

had  been  made  triumphant.    Now,  Lord  Palmerston,  after  showing 

the    resolution    then    before    the  the  inexpediency  of  the  motion  at 

Boose  would    not    allow  any  of  the  present  time,  as  affirmii^  the 

those  three  objects  to  be  aocom-  hnmiliation  of  the   country,    pro- 

plished,  as  he  showed  at  consider-  ceeded  to  declare  that  he  and  he 

able    length.     Though    he  could  alone  was  responsible  for  the  com- 

not  concur  in  the  resolution  of  Mr.  munication  of  his  approbation  to 

fionkes,  which  was  a  vole  of  con*  Sir  H.  Bulwer  as  an  agent  in  the 

sure  on  the  Government,  he  must  department  over  which  he  had  the 

not  be  considered  as  giving  bis  honour  to  preside,  and  that,  if  any 

foil  approbation  to  the  conduct  of  person  were   censurable  for  that 

Lord    Palmerston.     He   did  not  approbation,  upon  him,  and  upon 

object  to  his  Lordship's  giving  ad-  him  alone,  that  censure  ought  to 

vice  to  the  Spanish  Government,  fall.     But  he  contended,  that  no 

but  to  his  mode  of  giving  it.    There  censure  ought  to  &11  even  upon 

was  an  assumption  of  superiority  him,  for  Sir  H.  Bulwer  had,  in  bis 

inhiadespaUhwhichwascalculated  opinion,  behaved  admirably,  and 

to  give  ofi'ence  to  a  proud  nation  he  bad  felt  it  to  be  his  duly  to 

like  that  of  Spain.    It  contained  a  communicato  to  him  that  opinion. 

reeordatio  which  was  veiy  like  an  At  the  same  time,  he  most  say  that 

exprobatio    be7t«ficii,     and    which  his  (Lord  Palmsreton's)  despatoh 

ought  to  have  been  avoided.     He  of  the  16th  of  March  was  not  writ* 

olg^cted,  however,  to  the  vote,  be-  ten  to  be  communicated  to  the 


184]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  184.8.  [E«vfi»««n 

Bpanieh  Government.  It  was  attempted  to  address  the  Heuse, 
hardly  oecessar;  for  him.  after  the  but  the  clamour  and  interruption 
epeech  oF  Sir  R.  Peel,  to  Justify  ware  bo  great  aa  to  prevent  his  ob- 
hiraeetf  for  having  tendered  the  taining  a  hearing.  Mr.  Baakes,  in 
advice  of  the  British  Oovemment  reply,  said  that  his  object  was  at- 
to  the  Queen  of  Spain  ;  but,  as  Sir  tained  by  the  discussion  which  had 
Bobert  had  found  fault  with  the  been  elicited,  and  allowed  his  re- 
mode  of  conveying  that  advice,  he  solution  to  be  negatired  iritbont  a 
thought  it  right  to  say  that,  when  division. 

the  Queen  of  Spain  VB3  endeavour-  On  the   30th  of  August,  Mr. 

ing  to  establish  in  that  country  Disraeli  revievied  the  transactions 

the  despotism  which  England  had  of  the  expiring  Session  in  a  speech 

assisted  her  in  overthrowing,  vre  distinguished  by  his  usual  caustic 

had   a   right,  arising  out  of  the  humour  and  felicitous  illustration, 

treaty  by  which  we  guaranteed  her  in  which  he  rallied  the  Govern- 

crown,  to  give  our  advice  in  the  ment  in  a  most  entertaining  man- 

mostexplicittenns.  Inwritingthe  ner  upon  the  abortive  results  of 

despatch  of  the  16th  of  March  he  their   measures,    and   dwelt  with 

did  no  more  than  the  British  Go-  peculiar  effect  on  the  ioooneisten- 

vemment  had  a  right  to  do ;  and.  cies  of  their  financial  policy.     He 

when  Sir  R.  Peel  asserted  that  that  began  by  some  obeervations  on  the 

despatch  was  not  calculated  to  con-  unexampled  length  of  the  present 

ciliate  or  persuade,  his  (Lord  Pal-  Session.      After  having  sat  now 

marston's)  reply  was  that  it  was  for  nearly  ten  months,  Parliament 

a  confidential    despatch,    not  in>  was  about  to  be  prorogued  with  a 

tended  for  communication  to  the  Tsst  numberof  importantBills  not 

Spanish  Oovemment.    He  then  only  not  passed,  but  also  veiy  little 

vindicated  himself  with  great  force  advanced.    One  of  the  most  plau- 

snd  ability  from  the  attacks  of  Mr.  sible  reasons  assigned  for  that  tin- 

Bankes.    and,   after  adverting  to  satisfactory  state  of  a&irs   was, 

the  dismissal  of  Sir  H.  Bnlwer  that  our  system  of  government  was 

from  Madrid,  observed  that  com-  inadequate  to  pass  those  measures 

munications  were  now  going  on  which  were  required  for  the  public 

with  the  Spanish  Govemnent  as  welfare,  or,  in  other  words,   that 

to  their  reasons  for  sendingthat  there  was  too  mnch  discussion  and 

gentleman  his  passports.     When  too  much  talk   in  the  House  of 

Uie  communications — for  he  could  Commons.      Another    reason   as- 

not  call  them  negotiations— were  signed  for  it  was  that  the  forms  of 

concluded,  he  would  communicate  the  House  wera   so  cumbersome 

to  Parliament  the  correspondence;  and  antiquated  as  to  offer  a  great 

but,  whilst  they  were  in  progress,  it  obstacle  to  the  efficient  and  speedy 

was  impossible  for  him  consistently  transaction  of  public  business.   He 

with   public  doty  U>  reveal  what  believed  that  this  was  the  feeling 

had  passed,  or  to  state  their  precise  of  the  Government,  and,  as  a  proof 

nature.  of  the  oorrectness  of  his  belief, 

>    Mr.  Hume  expressed  his  opinion  quoted  a  newspaper  paragraph,  at^ 

that  both  Sir  H.  Bnlwer  and  Lord  tributing  the  postponement  of  the 

Pajroerston  had  been  fully  justified  Ministerial  whitebait  dinner  to  the 

intheconductpnrsuedbytbem.and  "vexatious    discussions"     in    the 

he  recommended  Mr.  Bankes  to  House  of  Commons.     He  denied 

snthdrawhisMoticak  Ur.Urquhart  that  therewasauyjustifiableGMise 


[]                   HISTORY.  [186 

for  sUribnting  to  either  of  these  ing  of  the  Hooae,  after  heanogtlMt 
two  cauees  the  fact  Uiat  the  Legisla-  budget,  vim  one  of  ooosiderable 
tore,  after  having  aat  for  nearly  dissatisfaction;  and, in  the  country, 
ten  months,  had  done  very  little,  a  menagerie  before  feeding-time 
and  that  veiy  little  not  very  well,  could  alone  give  an  idea  of  the 
and  he  referred  to  the  report  of  the  unearthly  yell  with  which  it  was 
Committee  on  Public  Business  to  received.  On  the  S  1st  of  February, 
show  how  much  of  the  time  of  the  with  the  view  of  lulling  the  storm. 
Session  had  been  occupied  by  the  the  Minister  proposed  the  imme- 
employment  of  Members  in  Public  diate  reference  of  the  Array,  Navy, 
Committees,  in  Election  Commit-  and  Ordnance  Eatimates  to  a  Select 
tees,  in  Railway  Committees,  and  Committee,  and  of  the  Miscellsno- 
it)  Committees  on  PrivatoBusiness.  ous  Estimates  to  a  similar  ordeal. 
Mr.  Disraeli,  having  finished  his  On  the  SSth  of  February,  as  the 
etatement  upon  that  point,  pro-  storm  was  still  raging,  and  Mr. 
ceeded  to  call  die  attention  of  the  Home  had  given  notice  of  a  mo- 
House  to  the  circumstances  under  don  for  the  reduction  of  expendi- 
which  this  Parliament  had  assem-  ture,  the  Chancellor  of  the  £x> 
bled.  There  was  then  buniae  in  chequer  came  down  and  presented 
Ireland,  and  commerdal  distress  in  the  House  with   another  budget. 


but  be  thought  that  no  man  would  diture  and  income  to  a  balance 
contend  that,  when  the  House  met  without  doubling  the  Income  Tar. 
in  November  last,  there  was  too  On  the  SOth  of  June,  in  tlie  midst 
much  discDssion  on  those  subjects,  of  a  Colonial  debate,  the  Chan- 
He  contended  that  the  motion  of  cellor  of  the  Exchequer  suddenly 
Mr.  Berries  on  the  management  threw  a  third  budget  on  the  table 
and  constitution  of  the  Itank  of  of  the  House.  They  had,  then, 
England,  and  on  the  conduct  of  three  budgets  between  the  16th  of 
HeFMiyesty'sMinistersduringthe  Februaty  and  the  period  to  which 
criais  of  October,  was  neither  of  an  be  had  traced  the  proceedings  of 
intnudve  nor  of  an  impertinent  the  Seeaion,  and  yet  they  did  not 
chainctor.  After  alluding  to  the  advance  one  jot  All  this  time,  the 
'  unsatisfactory  result  of  the  Parlia-  Estimates  were  before  the  Select 
mentory  discussions  on  banking,  Committees  up-stairs,  which  were 
and  expressing  his  belief  that  really  Select  Committees  of  Supply: 
sounder  principles  could  only  bo  and  Ministers  could  do  nothing  but 
established  by  another  pressure  obtain  a  vote  on  confidence  to  pay 
and  another  panic,  he  referred  to  wages  or  dividends.  They  bad  been 
the  discussions  in  the  House  on  the  treated  with  the  greatest  forbear- 
financial  question.  On  the  18th  of  anoe  and  indulgence;  yet,  from  the 
Februaiy,  the  first  financial  state-  18th  of  February  to  the  80th  of 
ment  was  made  to  the  House,  not  June,  all  they  did  was  to  produce 
bytheChanceilorof  the  Exchequer,  three  financial  projects,  all  of  which 
but  by  the  Premier  himself.  The  were  inefficient  The  Estimates 
country  was  to  be  defended  as  well  did  not  come  down  to  the  House  till 
as  the  taxes  to  be  paid.  There  August;  by  which  delay.  Members 
was  to  be  an  increase,  not  only  of  were  deprived  of  their  conatitu- 
the  Miscellaneous,  but  also  of  the  tional  privilege  of  discussing  and 
Military  Estimates,  and  thelncome  criticizing  the  Supply.  "We  have 
Tax  was  to  be  doubled.     The  fe^  had  three  budgeta,  two  CcnsmiU^ 


186]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [KngUmd. 

and  BIZ  months  and  a  half  wasted  pelted.  The  viUagers,  like  the 
br  this  Admiuistratioa — these  men  Opposition,  were  drawn  out  to  re- 
of  boBinese — who  were  to  give  us  a  ceive  him ;  and  Cerrantes  tells  us 
satisfectiMT  financial  exposition  that,  although  they  were  aware  of 
earl;  in  f«bniary ;  and  the  Prime  his  weakness,  they  treated  him 
Minister,  with  that  almost  sublime  with  respect.  (Great  laughur.) 
coolness  which  characterizes  him,  His  immediate  friends,  the  Barber, 
announced,  late  in  July,  that  his  the  Curate,  and  the  Bachelor 
right  honourable  friend  the  Chan-  Sampson  Carrasco — whose  places 
cellor  of  the  Escbequer  would  take  might  be  supplied  in  this  House 
an  opportunity,  before  the  House  by  the  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury, 
separated,  of  making  another  finan-  the  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign 
cial  s(at«ment.  Well,  sir,  we  had  Aflairs,  and  the  President  of  t&e 
at  last  the  fourth  budget.  We  had  Board  of  Trade — were  assembled; 
some  time  ago  the  Government  of  and  with  demure  reverence  and 
all  the  talents;  this  is  the  Govern-  feignedsympatbyUiey  greeted  him, 
ment  of  all  the  budgets.  Alas  for  broken  in  spirit,  and  about  for 
this  fourth  budgetl  it  came  late,  ever  to  renounce  those  delightful 
and  at  a  moment  when  we  wanted  illuaionsnnderwhich  he  had  sallied 
glad  tidings;  but,  unfortunately,  it  forth  so  triumphantly:  but,  just  at 
was  not  characterized  by  the  sunny  this  moment,  when  everything  was 
aspect  which  was  desired  by  its  in  the  best  taste,  Sancho's  wife 
proposers.  I  shall  never  forget  the  rushee  forward  and  exclaims, 
scene.  It  was  a  very  dreary  me>  '  Never  mind  your  kicks  and  cuffs, 
ment.  There  was  a  very  thin  so  you  've  brought  home  some 
House — the  thinnest,  I  suppose,  money.'  (Much  laughter.)  Bat 
that  ever  attended  a  ceremony  so  that  is  jnat  the  thing  that  the 
interesting  to  every  country,  and  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  has 
especially  to  a  commercial  and  n"t  brought.  Such  was  the  end  of 
financial  country  like  England.  I  the  fourth  and  final  expedition, 
oeversaw  a  budget  brought  forward  and  such  is  the  result  of  the  fourth 
before  an  atteudance  so  gloomy  and  and  final  budget.  The  Chancellor 
80  small.  I  was  irresistibly  re-  oftbe  Exchequer,  duiing  the  whole 
minded  of  a  celebrated  character.  Session,  haa  been  bringing  home ' 
who,  like  the  Chancellor  of  the  barbers'  basina  instead  of  kuigfatly 
Exchequer,  had  four  trials  in  hia  helms;  and  at  the  last  moment, 
time,  and  his  last  was  his  most  un-  true  to  his  nature,  to  his  vocation, 
successful.  I  mean  the  great  hero  and  to  his  career,he  finds  instead  of 
of  Cervantes,  when  he  returned  a  surplus  a  deficiency,  and,  instead 
from  his  fourth  and  final  espedl*  of  reducing  taxation,  he  commemo- 
tion.  The  great  spirit  of  Quixote  rates  his  second  year  of  finance  by 
had  subsided;  all  that  aally  of  a  second  loan.  Now,  I  ask  honour- 
financial  chivalry  which  cut  us  able  gentlemen  to  cast  their  eyes 
down  at  the  beginning  of  the  Ses-  over  the  period  1  have  sketched, 
sion,  and  which  trampled  and  can-  from  the  1 8th  of  Februaiy  to  the 
tored  over  us  in  the  middle,  was  35th  of  August —over  the  three 
gone.  Honour^le  gentlemen  will  budgets,  the  unconstitutiona]  Oom- 
remember  the  chapter  to  which  I  mittees  on  the  Estimates,  and  the 
refer,  which  describes  the  period  fourth  and  final  budget — and  then 
when  the  kni^ht'a  delusions  on  the  I  ask  the  House  and  the  oomitiy 
Butgeot  of  chivalry  were  to  be  dis-  with  confidence  for  tbeii  verdict, 


Englamt.]                       HISTORY.  [187 

that  irhataver  time  has  been  intstecl,  of  June,  involving  a  departure  from 
whatever  delay  has  taken  place,  the  principles  of  that  Act,  and  the 
has  not  been  attributable  to  the  twenty-three  arithmetical  blunders 
discussions  of  Members,  or  to  the  detected  in  that  Bill  b;  the  pene- 
forms  of  the  House."  tration  of  Lord  Geoi^e  Bentinck. 
Mr.  Disraeli  proceeded  in  a  The  Bill  was  then  withdrawn ;  a  so- 
similar  manner  to  show  that  it  was  cond  Bill  was  introduced,  in  which 
not  the  foalt  of  the  House  if  they  the  twenty-three  blunders  were 
had  notobeyed  Her  M^esty'a  com-  dealt  with ;  seven  were  corrected, 
mands,  first,  in  passing  measures  but  two  new  blunders  were  created, 
for  promoting  the  health  of  the  me-  The  sooondBill  was  also  withdrawn, 
tropolis ;  sod,  secondly,  in  reform-  and  a  third  was  introduced,  inwbich 
ing  the  Navigation  Laws.  He  the  Government  confessed  to  six- 
ridiculed  with  much  effect  the  teen  blunders,  but  did  not  correct 
changes  and  transmutations  which  them.  Sixdays'discussiontfaentook 
the  Public  Health  Bill  had  under-  place  in  Committee  on  the  Bill.oc- 

Sone.     He    commented    on    the  casionodsolelybythelmperfectpre- 

ilatory  and  unbusin ess-like  style  paration  of  its  clauses  and  its  sche- 

in  which  the  Navigation  Bill  had  doles.  Hethenattudedtotheamaz- 

been    dealt   with,    attributing  its  ing  quantity  of  timewhich  had  been 

'  postponement  to  Xiord  J.  Russetl's  lost  thb  Session  in  moving  writs 

anxiety  to  carry  through   a   Bill  and  dealing  with   delinquent  bo- 

wbich  was  not  mentioned  in  Her  roughs,  and  to  the  various  Election 

Majesty's    Speech  —  the   Jewish  Bil^  introduced  and  withdrawn  by 

Disabilities  Bill.    Personalty,  he  Sir  J.  Hanmer,  until  he  came  at 

approved  of  that  measure,  but  he  last  to  the  Corrupt  Practices  at 

thought  the  evils  were  great  of  a  Elections  Bill,  subsequently  intro- 

Ministiy  attempting  to  bring  for-  duced   by   the   Government,  and 

ward  a  project  of  that  nature  unless  passed  through  all  its  stages  in  that 

they  had  strength  to  carry  it.    The  House.  After  nineteen  debates  on 

consequence  of  a  failure  was  that  thesubjectofissuingwrits,  theCor- 

the  cause  lost  ground.  Mr.  Disraeli  rupt  Practices  Bill  was  sent  to  the 

then  reviewed  at  much  length,  and  Hooseof  Lords,  and  then  was  with- 

with  pungent  severity,  the  Minis-  drawn  by  the  noble  Ijord  who  so 

terial  proceedings  respecting  the  ably  conducted   the  functions  of 

Sugar  Duties.    He  recapitulated  Government  in  that  assembly.  He 

the  &cts  as  they  occurred  from  the  had  now  placed  the  House  in  pos- 

commencement  of  the  Session — '  session  of  information  which  would 

the compluntd  that  poured  in  from  eDableittojudgewhethertbeblame 

the  West  Indies — the  exertions  of  of  legislative  failure  in  the  present 

Lord  Geoi^  Benljnck  in  moving  Session  rested  with  the  House  of 

for,  and  afterwards  conducting,  the  Commons     or    the    Government, 

inquiries  of,  the  Select  Committee;  During  the  ten  months  Parliament 

the  recommendation  of  that  Com-  had  been  sitting,  there  had  been 

mittee  in  favour  of  a  differential  sedition  in  England,  insurrection  in 

duty  of  10«. :    the  declaration  of  Ireland,  and  revolution  in  Europe, 

Lord  J.  Russell  on  the  39th  May,  Had  the  Whigs  been  in  opposition 

annouocing  his  resolve  to  adhere  with     such    advantages,     twenty, 

firmly  to  the  Act  of  1616;  the  and  not  ten  months  would  have 

aev  Bill  brought  in  on  the  16th  been  fully  expended,  but  for  what 


188]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [EngiMd. 

object  and  with  what  results  he  seemed  to  imagine  that  be  bad  to 
would  not  inquire.  Calling  the  defend  the  House  of  Commons 
attention  of  the  Honse  to  the  &ot  from  some  charge  which  the  Go- 
that  no  great  porUoa  of  its  time  vemment  had  made  against  it; 
■  had  been  cooennied  in  discussing  but,  onthepartoftheGoTerament, 
either  the  foreign  policy  of  the  be  declared  that  no  such  charge 
Counti7  or  the  condition  of  Eng-  bad  been  made.  He  tboi^ht,  bow- 
land,  be  next  proceeded  to  in-  ever,  that  some  alteratjou  might 
quire  whether  there  had  been  any  be  made  in  the  forms  of  the  House 
waste  of  time  with  reepect  to  Ire-  without  iojuiy  to  the  easential 
land.  He  contended  that  there  rights  of  ^scuseion,  and  without 
had  not,  and  gsve  as  an  instance  impediment  to  the  freedom  of  de- 
the  readiness  with  whieb  the  House  bate.  Mr.  Disraeli  hod  remarked 
had  recently  passed  the  Bill  for  re-  that  in  this  year  there  bad  been 
Bcinding  all  the  civil  liberties  of  sedition  in  England,  rebellion  ia 
that  country.  On  that  occasion  Ireland,  and  revolution  in  Europe. 
Parliament  had  displayed  a  great  Now,  the  Minielers  of  the  Crown 
example  to  Eorope,  and  had  proved  w«re  chiefly  appointed  toadminjater 
that  ttw  English  Constitution  oould  the  aSairs  of  the  empire,  and  when 
combine  the  energy  of  s  despotism  sedition  bad  been  checked  in  Eng- 
with  the  enthusiasm  of  a  republic,  land,  and  rebellion  suppressed  in 
He  then  read  what  he  called  the  Ireland,  and  foreign  revolution  pre- 
bills  of  mortality  for  the  Session  of  vented  from  shaking  our  inedtotions 
1646,  from  which  be  proved  that  at  home,  he  most  say,  as  a  member 
forty-seven  Bills  had  been  aban-  of  the  Government,  that  the  ad- 
doned,  withdrawn,  or  postponed  ministr^oa  of  the  empire  could 
within  the  last  six  months.  In  bis  not  have  been  vety  defective.  It 
opinion,  it  was  not  difficult  to  die-  was  not  the  duty  of  the  members  of 
cover  the  causes  of  this  mortali^.  Government  to  introduce  and  osdj 
The  cause  was  to  be  found  there  through ParliamentagreatnumbOT 
(pointing  to  the  Treasuiy  benches)  of  measures  every  Seeeion ;  and 
— in  that  Ministry  which  acceded  three  Idinist^rs  who  bad  been  sup- 
to  power  without  a  Parlismentory  ported  by  large  majorities  —  he 
majority,  and  which  was  therefore  meant  Sir  B.  Walpole,  Lord  Chat- 
unable  to  propose  measures  with  a  ham,  and  Mr.  Pitt — had  neither 
conviction  that  they  would  be  car-  proposed  nor  carried  any  great 
ried.  Their  measuree  were,  in  legislative  enactments  during  the 
conseqnence,  altored,  remodelled,  whole  of  their  Ministerial  career, 
patched,  cobbled,  paintod,  and  In  times  of  great  difficulty  and 
veneered,  until  no  trace  was  left  of  pressure,  the  chief  attention  of 
their  original  form,  or  they  were  Afintri«rs  must  be^given  to  tbosa 
withdrawn  in  disgust  by  their  questions  of  administration  which 
authors  after  long  discussions  in  every  day  brings  forth.  Under  such 
that  Honse.  circumstances  it  was   difficult  to 

Lord  John  Russell  vindicated  watoh  the  details  of  every  measure 
the  Government  of  which  he  was  submitted  to  Parliament,  aad  yet, 
the  head  with  much  adroitness  during  the  present  Session.  Mioia- 
from  the  aspeFsions  and  ridi-  ters  had  already  passed  105  out  of 
cule  of  Mr  Disraeli.  He  began  the  125  bills  which  they  had  snb- 
by  observing  that  that  gentleman    mittod  to  Parliament    Many  of 


SN9to>d.]  HISTORY.  [189 

those  Bills  were  of  the  utmost  im-  it  ma  not  the  duty  of  the  Oovem- 
poTtanea,  as,  for  inatance,  tbe  ment  to  take  the  lead  on  such  sub- 
Crime  and  Outn^e  (IrelKqd)  Bill,  jeota,  and  intimated  that,  if  be 
the  Evicted  Destitute  Poor  Bill,  were  inclined  to  complain  of  anj 
and  the  measare  for  the  sale  of  en-  opposition  during  the  present  Ses- 
cumbered  estates  in  that  coQntr7.  sion,  he  should  complain  of  tbo  op- 
Loid  Jobn  Bussell  next  proceeded  positionofiered.in  tbe  first  instance, 
to  rindtOBto  tbe  Administration  fbr  to  tbe  Bills  of  Sir  J.  Hanmer,  and 
its  conduct  towards  the  Bank  of  afterwards  to  the  Corrupt  Practices 
England  dnring  die  commercial  at  Elections  Bill  which  tbe  Oo- 
crisis  of  1847,  sad  he  parried  with  Temment  bad  brought  in.  Mr. 
considenUe  address  Mr.  Disraeli's  Dtsraeli  had  complained  that 
sarcaBmsaboatthefbtir  budgets  of  there  was  at  present  no  regular 
the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  and  oi^anized  party  in  the  House, 
-passing  lightly  otst  the  financial  He  agreed  with  Mr.  Disraeli  as 
ease  which  his  iidveTsary  bad  made  to  the  importance  of  party ;  but,  if 
ont  against  the  OoTemment.  He  Mr.  Dismeli  and  Lord  Q.  Ben- 
defended  the  appointnent  of  Be-  tinck  had  not  been  able  to  form 
lect  Committees  to  inqnire  into  tbe  a  party  and  to  array  it  against  the 
diSerent  Estimates  of  tbe  year,  and  OoTemment,  that,  at  any  rate,  was 

Kintad  out  the  adrant^eB  which  not  tbe  fisnlt  of  GorommenL 
d  arisen  firom  their  inquiries.  Lord  John  Bnsseli  then  glanced 
In  reference  to  Mr.  Disraeli's  re-  at  the  causes  which  bad  occasioned 
marks  on  tbe  PobUo  Health  Bill,  the  prolongation  of  tbe  Session, 
betook  pride  to  himself  in  being  He  then  continued: — "Some  of 
a  member  of  a  Ministry  which  had  them  we  may  expect  to  be  cor^ 
entered  npon  snoh  an  ontiodden  reeled  in  a  future  Session.  I  think, 
field  of  Ic^slation,  and  had  pro-  however,  that  it  will  be  worth  while 
dnced  a  measure  so  likely  to  pro-  for  Members  of  this  House  to  con- 
dace  great  benefit  to  tbe  empire,  eider  whether,  while  we  preeerre 
Oovemment  had  obtained  the  as-  the  Taluable  rules  of  debate,  it 
sent  (tf  the  House  to  tbe  princi^de  would  not  be  desirable  far  some 
inYoWed  in  the  repeal  of  the  Navi-  Members  to  refrain  from  giving  us 
gatioa  Laws,  but  had  been  pre-  so  mnch  of  their  opinions,  and  so 
Tented  by  other  discossions  from  frequently,  as  they  do  at  present, 
going  on  with  that  measure.  The  ('  Hear,  bear! '  and  lau^kttr.)  It 
noble  Lord  then  repelled  with  would  beinridiouBonmypartweree 
neat  vigour  tbe  attack  which  Mr.  I  to  point  out  any  honourable 
JDisraeti  bad  made  upon  the  Go-  Members  wbo  might  be  considered 
vemment  on  the  subject  of  the  obnoxious  to  ^s  obeerratiun: 
Sugar  Duties  Bill,  admitting  that  when,  faowerer,  the  bonoonble 
that  Bill  bad  taken  up  much  time.  Member  eays  that  he  comes  here 
and  bad  led  to  great  debates,  to  defend  the  Hoose  of  Commons, 
which  were  continued  by  Lord  Q.  I  realty  must  say  that  the  House 
-Bentiock  on  other  points  not  very  of  Commons  is  not  tbe  defending 
closely  connected  with  them.  Re-  but  the  complaining  party.  The 
fening  to  Mr.  Disraeli's  comments  House  of  Commons  is  tbe  plain- 
on  the  conduct  of  the  House  with  tiff  in  the  cause ;  at  least  4d-S0ths 
respect  to  writs  and  eormpt  prao-  of  the  House  complain  of  tbe  other 
tieea  at  Electaons,  he  asserted  that  fiaction  of  (he  House,  on  account 


190] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.       lEngiand. 


of  their  being  the  caase  of  the  de- 
1^  which  occurs  in  the  transaction 
of  public  business.  I  am  quite 
certain  that,  if  the  opinion  of  the 
m^ority  of  the  House  could  be 
consulted,  they  would  on  certain 
occasionB  say,  'Here  ie  a  speech 
which  might  well  be  spared:  we 
have  heard  it  five  or  six  times  be- 
fore, and  therefore  we  do  not  feel 
it  absolutely  necessary  that  we 
should  hear  it  again.'"  {Laughter.) 

Lord  John  Russell  recurred  to  his 
position,  that  with  sedition  in  Eng- 
land,  incipient  rebellion  in  Ireland, 
and  convulsion  in  Europe,  the 
labour  of  administration  was  the 
business  that  chieQy  claimed  the 
care  of  Government  "There 
have  been  moments  when  every 
one  must  have  felt  that  a  slight 
indiscretion  would  have  provoked 
foreign  nations;  there  have  been 
momenta  when  a  slight  wast  of 
watchfulness  or  care  mi^t  have 
-given  an  inconsiderable  number  of 
miscreants  an  opportunity  of  in- 
volving the  country  in  confusion. 
Wishingto  preserve  the  tranquillity 
of  Europe  —  valuing  peace  alwve  all 
price — and  thinking  that  the  war 
of  17S3  was  unnecessary  for  the 
purpose  for  which  it  was  set  on 
loot  and  maintained — we  are  never- 
theless prepared  to  devote  our  beat 
energies  and  our  constant  endear 
•  vours  to  the  maintenance  of  ami- 
.cable  relations  with  foreign  coun- 
triee.  Valuing,  as  1  do,  our  insti- 
tutions, and  believing  that  they  are 
the  beet  adapted  of  any  which  ever 
were  framed  for  preserving  the 
liberty  of  the  community,  I  trust 
that  whoever  may  succeed  us  in 
the  task  of  future  legislation  will 
have  to  defend,  and  not  to  restore, 
the  constitution  of  this  country." 
{Chsen] 

Mr.  Hume  said  a  few  words,  ex- 
.pressing   his  satisfaction   at  the 


breaking  up  of  the  great  aristo- 
cratic parties  into  whicn  the  House 
vras  formerly  divided.  Mr.  B.  Os- 
borne remarked  upon  the  unsatis- 
&ctory  nature  of  the  encounter 
which  the  House  hod  just  wit- 
nessed between  two  skilful  combat- 
ants. The  debate  had  gone  off  like 
many  modem  duels.  Mr.  Disraeli 
had  fired  a  very  astounding  broad- 
side; the  fire  bad  been  reiomed 
by  Lord  John  Russell;  and  both 
parties  seemed  equally  satisfied. 
But  there  was  anodier  party  whom 
neither  represented ;  and  however 
able  the  speech  of  Mr.  Disraeli,  or 
however  witty  the  speech  of  Lord 
John  Russell  as  to  the  i 


of  the  Oovemment,  that  party — 
namely,  the  people^would  look 
with  indifference  both  on  the  at- 
tack and  the  defence. 

Mr.  Disraeli  had  been  conjuring 
up  the  old  iltoeion  of  traditionary 
influence;  but  while  popular  pri- 
vileges, like  the  right  of  discussing 
grievances  on  reading  the  order  of 
the  dav,  were  swept  away,  it  was 
precisely  because  the  country 
could  forget  its  aristocratic  pre- 
judices that  it  was  obliged  to  ac- 
cept the  present  Government 

He  regretted  that  in  this  debate 
the  state  of  Ireland  had  been  passed 
over.  The  noble  Lord  was  about 
to  visit  that  country.  He  trusted 
that  the  visit  would  not  be  of  the 
usual  character — a  trumpet  dinner 
at  theCastle  in  full  uniform,  and  a 
return  home,  knowing  all  about 
Ireland.  If  the  noble  Lord  went 
merely  to  pay  such  a  visit  or  con- 
sult with  the  distinguished  indi- 
vidual at  the  head  of  affairs  there, 
he  might  have  as  much  informa- 
tion by  post 

The  noble  Lord  would  find  that 
a  reaction  would  succeed  the  tem- 
porary panic  created  by  the  arrest 
of  the  Chartist  leaders  —  mieer^ 


EnsUnd.}                       HISTORY.  [191 

able  and  misguided  individuals.—  fbl  exaaunadoD  of  the  Estimates 
He  alluded  to  those  wrotched  car-  which  by  your  Miyestj's  commands 
penten  and  tailors  found  plotting  were  laid  before  as,  we  have  made 
in  pablic-houses.  He  warned  the  every  practicable  reduction  in  the 
noble  Lord,  that  a  reaction  would  public  expenditure  :  at  the  same 
Huoceed,  and  that  the  people  of  tame  that  we  have  had  regard  to  the 
this  country  would  not  be  satisfied  financial  atat«  of  prosperity  of  this 
unless  some  larger  and  more  com-  countiy  as  affected  by  the  com- 
prehensive measures  were  resorted  mercit^  embarrassments  of  the 
to  than  the  suspension  of  Uie  past  year,  and  by  the  intemiptioa 
Habeas  Corpus,  or  any  of  the  of  trade  consequent  upon  the  late 
other  miserable  Downing  Street  political  events.in  Europe,  we  have 
precedents  for  ruling  a  people.  taken  every  precaution   to  secure 

The  debate  then  terminated.  the  efficiency  of  all  departments  of 

At  length,  on  the  6th  of  Sop-  the  public  service, 
tember,  Uie  end  of  this  nnprece-  "  In  obedience  to  your  Majeaty's 
dented  session  arrived.  With  the  most  gracious  recommendation, 
exception  of  the  recess  at  Christ-  which  was  communicated  to  as  by 
mas,  and  the  short  intervals  at  the  Lords  Commissioners  at  the 
Easter  and  Whitsuntide,  Parlia-  commencement  of  the  Session,  onr 
ment  had  been  sitting  continuouslv  attention  has  been  specially  di- 
for  nearly  ten  months.  Although  reeled  to  measures  relating  to  the 
the  l^idative  results  bore  but  a  public  health.  It  is  impoasible  to 
very  scanty  proportion  to  this  vast  overrate  the  importance  of  a  sub- 
consumption  of  time,  the  labours  ject  so  deeply  affecting  the  comfort 
which  uie  Membere  of  the  House  and  happiness  of  the  poorer  classes; 
of  Commons  had  undergone  had  and  we  confidently  hope  that,  if 
been  veiy  severe,  and  the  reUef  the  Bills  which  have  been  passed 
afforded  by  the  prortwation  was  are  carried  out  in  the  same  spirit 
both  a  needful  and  a  w^come  one.  in  which  they  have  been  framed, 
The  long-desired  event  took  place  they  will  greatly  tend  to  lessen  the 
on  the  day  above  mentioned.  Her  amount  of  human  suffering,  and 
M^esty  being  present  in  person,  to  promote  the  moral  improvement. 
The  magnificent  new  chamber  of  as  well  as  contentment,  of  the  la- 
the Peers  was  crowded  with  per-  faouring  classes  in  dense  and  popu- 
sons  of  distinction.  Among  the  lous  districts. 
sptKStaton  at  the  ceremony  were  "  Not  unmindful  of  the  oon- 
the  Due  de  Nemours  and  the  ditiou  of  Ireland,  or  of  the  dis- 
Prince  de  Joinville.  The  Commons  tressed  state  of  the  poor  in  that 
being  summoned,  the  Speaker  ad-  country,  owing  to  the  limited  de- 
dreased  the  Queen  in  the  following  mand  for  labour,  we  have  pro- 
terms  : —  vided  additional  funds,  arising  from 

"  Uost    Gracious    Sovereign —  the  repayment  of  additional  loans, 

We,  your  Majesty's  faithful  Com-  to  be  expended  in  public  works; 

mons  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  and  we  have  removed  the  impedi- 

Oreat  Britun  and  Ireland,  attend  ments  to  the  sale  of  encumbered 

your   Mfgesty,  aftel-  a  protracted  estates,  in  order  to  encourage  as 

and  laborious  Session,  with  our  last  much  as  possible  the  application 

Bilb  of  Supply.  of  capital  to  the  improvement  of 

'*  After  a  most  patient  and  care-  land. 


192]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.        [E»?fi.«d. 

"  The  spirit  of  ioanbordi  nation  atrocious  murdeFeranbo  had  spread 

which  has    prenuled   in  various  terror  through  the  country  nere 

parte  of  the  coaatry,  especially  in  appreheaded,  tried,  and  convicted. 
Inland,  has  farced  upon  our  con-         "  The  distress  in  Ireland,  con- 

flideraUon  topics  of    a  far  more  sequent  upon  successive  failures  in 

nvve  and  anxious  character.     We  the  production  of  food,  has  been 

nave  cordially  concurred  in  tboee  mitigated  by  the  application  of  the 

meaaures  which  have  been  thought  Ian  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  and 

necessary  to  secure  obedience  to  by  the  amount  of  charitable  contri- 

the  laws,  and  to  represa  and  to  butions  raised  in  other  parte  of  the 

prevent  ontr^e  and  rebellion.  United  Kingdom. 

"  Deeply  sensible  of  the  value        "  On  the  other  hand,  organized 

of  those  institutions  nnder  which  confederacies  took  advantage  of  the 

we  have  the  happiness  to  live,  no  existing  preaenre  to  excite  my  suf- 

effort  on  our  part  has  been  want-  feriug  sutgects  to  rebellion.  Hopes 

ioR  to  preserve   them   from   the  of  plunder  and  oonfiscation  were 

evil  designs  of   misguided  men,  held  out  to  tempt  the  distressed, 

who,  taking  advantage  of  a  season  while  the  most  visionary  prospects 

of  temporaiy  distrees,  have  endea-  were  exhibited  to  the  ambitious, 

voured  to  excite  discontent  and  in-  In  this  coi^nncture  I  applied  to 

Burrection.  your  loyalty  and  wisdom  for  in- 

"  We  have  witnessed  with  gra-  creased  powers ;  and,  strengthened 

titode  and  proud  satisfaction  the  by  your  prompt  concurrence,  my 

ouequivocal  expression,  on  the  part  Government  was  enabled  to  defeat 

of  the  great  mass  of  the  people,  of  in  a  few  days  machinations  which 

those  marks  of  attachment  to  their  had  been  prepared   during  many 

Sovereign  and  respect  for  the  law ;  months.     The  energy  and  decision 

•nd  we,  as   their  representatives,  shown  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of 

participaling  to  the  fullest  extent  Ireland  in  this  emergency  deserve 

in  these  feelings,  now  tender  to  my  warmeet  approbation, 
your  Mtgesty  Uie  sincere  expres-        "  In  the  midst  of  these  difGcul- 

Sion  of  our  devotion  and  loyalty."  ties,  you  have  continued  your  la- 

Tbe  Queen,  after  having  myen  hours  for  the  improvement  of  the 

the    Royal  Assent  to   some  Bills  laws.     The  Act  for  &eilitating  the 

presented  by  the  Speaker,  then  Sale  of  Encumbered  Estates  wU), 

read  from  the  throne  the  following  I  trust,  gradually  remove  an  evil 

^eech: —  of  great  magnitude  in  the  social 

"  My  Lords  and  Oentlemen, — I  state  of  IreWid. 
un  hwpy  to  be  able  to  release  you         "  The  system  of  perpetual  en- 
from  ue  duties  of  a  laboriona  and  tails  of  land  established  in  Scot- 
protracted  Session.  land  produced  rery  serious  evils 

"  The  Act  for  the  Prevention  both  to  heirs  of  entail  and  to  the 

of  Crime  and  Outrage  in  Ireland,  community ;  and  I  have  had  great 

which  received  my  assent  at  the  satisfaction  in  seeing  it  amended 

commencement  of  the  Session,  vras  upon  principles  which  have  long 

attended  by  the  most  beneficial  ef-  been  found  to  operate  beneficially 

fecta.     The  open  display  of  arms  intfaispartof  the  United  Kingdom, 
intended  for  criminal  purposes  was         "  I  have  given  my  cordial  assent 

checked ;  the  course  of  justice  was  to  the  measures  which  have  in  view 

no  longer  interrupted;  and  several  tlie   improvement  of    the  public 


England.]  HISTORY.  [103 

health  ;  and  I  entertain  an  eameat  peace  encourages  the  hope  that  the 

hope  that  a  foundation   has  been  nations  of  Europe  may  continue  in 

laid  for  continual  advances  in  this  the  enjoyment  of  its  blessings, 
beneficial  work.  "  Amidst  these  conTulsions,  I 

'  have  had  the  satisfaction  of  being 

•'  Gentlamm  of   the  House  of  ^j^jg  ^  preservo  peace  for  my  own 

Commant —  dominions,  and  to  maintain  our  do- 

"  I  have  to  thank  you  for  the  niestic  tranquillity.     The  strength 

readiness   with    which    you    have  of  our  institutions  has  been  tried, 

Cted    the    Supplies    necessary  and  has  not  been  found  wanting, 

le  public  service.     I  shall  avail  I   have   studied   to    preserve   the 

myself  of  every  opportunity  which  people  committed  to  toy  charge  in 

the  esigencies  of  the  State  may  the  enjoyment  of  that  temperate 

allow  for  enforcing  economy.  freedom  which  they  so  justly  value. 
My  people,  on  their  side,  feel  too 

"  My  Lord*  and  Qentltmen—  gensibly  the  advantages  of  order 

"  I  have  renewed  in  a  formal  and  security,  to  allow  the  pro- 
manner  my  diplomatic  relations  moters  of  pillage  and  confusion  any 
with  the  Oovemment  of  France,  chance  of  success  in  their  wicked 
The  good  understanding  between  designs. 

the   two  countries   has  continued         "  I  acknowledge  with  grateful 

wiihoat  the  slightest  interruption,  feelings  the  many  m&rks  of  loyalty 

"  Events  of  deep  importance  and  attachment  which  I  have  re- 
have  disturbed  the  intomsl  tran-  ceived  from  all  classes  of  my 
quillity  of  many  of  Ibe  states  in  people.  It  is  my  earnest  hope 
Europe,  both  in  the  north  and  in  that  by  cultivating  respect  to  the 
the  south.  Those  events  have  led  law.and  obedience  to  the  preceptsof 
to  hostilities  between  neighbour-  religion,  the  liberties  of  uiis  people 
ing  countries.  I  am  employing  may,  by  the  blessing  of  Almighty 
my  good  offices,  in  concert  with  God,  be  perpetuated." 
other  friendly  Powers,  to  bring  to  The  Lord  ChaDcellor  then  de- 
an amicable  settlement  these  dif-  clared  the  FarliBment  to  be  pro- 
ferences;  and  I  trust  that  our  ef-  rogued  to  the  2nd  November,  and 
forts  may  be  successful.  the  protracted  Session  of  1847-8 

"  I  am  rejoiced  to  think  that  an  was  at  an  end. 
increasing  sense  of  the  valtie  of 


b,GoogIc 


194]  ANNUAL  REGISTEK,  1848. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

France. — PotUion  ofths  Ovixot  Minittry — State  of  Partie*  in  France 
— Unpopularity  of  th«  King — Death  oj  Madams  Adtlaidt,  the  King'* 
Sister — Surrender  of  Abd-elrKader  t»  Algeria — Violation  of  th4  PrO' 
mite  made  to  him — Hit  Letter  at  the  end  of  the  Year  to  Pnttee  Louia 
Napoleon — Explanation  by  M.  Ovixot  at  to  Foreign  Policy  of  hit 
&overmnent — Able  Speech  on  the  Neceititg  of  Reform,  by  M.  Memard, 
in  the  Chamber  of  Peert — Addrett  at  Voted  by  the  Chamber  of  Peert 
— Budget  for  Year  1848 — Diteuttion  in  Chamber  of  Peert  on  Affairs 
of  Switzerland — Eloquent  Speech  of  Count  de  Montalembert — M. 
Giiixot  on  the  EngUth  Alliance — Speech  of  Count  d' Alton  Shee  on 
the  Queition  of  Reform  of  the  Electoral  Law—Diecutnon  in  the  Cham- 
ber of  Deputies  respecting  the  Sale  of  Officet  by  the  Oovemment — 
Speeches  of  MM.  OdiUon  Barrot  and  Guitot— Victory  of  Ministers  in 
the  Chamber — Discussion  on  the  Separate  Paragraphs  of  the  Address 
— Speeches  on  Finance  by  MM.  Dumon  and  Thiers — Speech  of  M. 
Thiers  on  the  Affairs  of  Italy— Reply  by  M.  Guizot — Speeches  of 
MM.  Thiert  and  Ouiaot  on  the  Affairs  of  Suileerland — Declaration 
of  M.  Duohatel  condemning  the  Reform  Banquets— Uproar  in  the 
Chamber — Debate  on  Affairs  oj  Poland— Statement  by  M.  Chiiiot 
respecting  Destination  of  Abd-el-Kader — Renetced  Discussion  on  Re- 
form Demonttrations,  and  Scene  of  Confutioa  in  the  Chamber — The 
Oppotitian  refuse  to  Vote — Majority  for  Ministers — Debate  on  Elec- 
toral Reform — Speeches  of  MM.  Ouizot,  Thiers,  and  others — The 
Address  voted  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputiet — State  of  Public  Feeting 
at  this  time. 

IF  the  annalist  has  had  difGcullj  world.     The  fountains  of  the  great 

in  finding  materials  for  foreign  deep  of  political  society  have  been 

history  during  the  last  few  years,  suddenly  and  violently  broken  up, 

owing  to  the  tranquillity  which  has  and  the  most  portentous  changes 

elni03t,witboutexception,pen'aded  have  taken  place  in  the  different 

Europe,  and  the  absence  of  inci-  conntries  of  Europe,  the  ultimate 

dents  calculated  to  interest  attan-  results  of  which  it  is  impossible  to 

tion,  be  now  feels  himself  almost  predict  or  foresee.    The  year  1848 

overwhelmed  by    the    magnitude  will  be  hereafter  known  as  that 

and   variety  of  the  events  which  of  the  great  and  general  revolt  of 

have  during  the  year  now  under  re-  nations  against  their  rulers.  With- 

Tiewcrowded  BO  uistupon  each  other,  in  the  short  space  of  twelvemonths 

and  rendered  it  one  of  the  most  centuries  seem  to  have  rolled  away, 

remarkable  in  the  annals  of  the  Dynasties  have  been  overthrowu 


Franct.]                         HISTORY.  [195 

or  shaken  to  their  centre,  Bsd  the  the;  had  pncticall;  no  voice  in  the 

deposition  and  flight  of  moDarchs  Legislature,  and  to  insiBt  upon  an 

have     atteated     the     irresiatible  extension  of  the  franchise.    There 

eaerg;  with  which  the  people  have  was  a  deep-seated  feeling  that  the 

liseu  to  vindicate  for  themselves  majority  in  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 

their  real  or  fancied  rights.     We  ties  was  purt^iased  b;  the  corrupt 

have  not  now  to  record  the  squab-  exercise  of  patronage,  and  hence  it 

blea  of  a  Chamber  of  Deputies,  or  was  looked  upon  as  no  index  of  the 

a  Cortes,  or  to  chronicle  changes  opinions  of    the    French    nation, 

of  Ministry  hrought  about  by  iac-  But  although  it  was  very  generally 

tion  and  intrigue,  and  exercising  thought  that,  on  the  death  of  Louis 

no  important  influence  upon  the  Philippe,  some  great  political  con- 

world'a    history, — but    the    com-  vulsion  would  ensue,  few,  if  any, 

mencement  and  progress  of  mighty  looked  forward  to  such  on  event 

revololioDB,  which  have  swept  away,  during  the  lifetime  of  that  monarch, 

as  with  a  flood,  the  landmarks  of  That    there    waa    a    Republican 

andentinstitntions,  and  introduced  party  in  France  was  well  known, 

a  new  era  in  the  political  condition  but  its  numbers  and  influence  were 

of  Europe.     These  changes  have  greatly  underrated,  and  the  abor- 

happened  with  startling   sudden-  dve  nature  of  the  attempts  which 

neea,  and  we  believe  that  no  one  at  it  had  made  to  effect  a  change  of 

the  close  of  the   preceding  year  Government,  on  several  previous 

could  have  coiyeciured  from  the  occasions   since   the   accession    of 

aspect  of  afiairs  on  the  Continent  Louis  Philippe  to  the  throne,  hod 

the  likehhood  of  their  occiurrence.  induced  the  belief  that  no  serious 

And  yet  the  mine  was  ready  laid,  apprehension  need  be  entertained 

and  nothing  was  wanting  but  the  of  it  during  his  life, 

match  to  produce  the  explosion.  It  was  thought  that  the  middle 

This  was  supplied  by  France ;  and  classes  in  France  were  too  much 

to  that  country  we  must  first  turn,  interested  in  the  preservation    of 

and  contemplate  the  events  which  order  and  tranquilli^  to  embark 

have  produced    such  tremendous  willingly  in  the  vortex  of  a  revolu- 

coneequences,  tion,  and  as  the  National  Guard 

The    position   of    the    Guizot  was  composed  of  citizens  token 

Ministry  at  the  close  of  the  year  chiefly  from  that  important  body, 

1847  was  veiy  anomalous.   It  pos-  it  woB  looked  to  more  than  the 

sessed  a    large  majority  in    the  army  as  aSbrding  a  guarantee  for 

Chambers,  but  was  mistrusted  and  the  maintenance  of  peace  within 

disliked  by  the  nation.     Owing  to  the  kingdom.     The  Guizot  Minis- 

the  oexrow  basis  of  the  electoral  tiy  had,  however,  become  very  un- 

oon8titiien<7,  and    the    enormous  popular  with  the  middle  classes, 

amount  of  patronage  whereby  the  ana  the   King  had  so  identified 

Government  was  enabled  to  pur-  himselfwithbie  successive  Govern- 

chase  the  votes  of  that  body,  the  ments,  and  it  was  so  well  known 

Chamber  of  Deputies  could  hardly  that  he  strongly  influenced,  if  he 

he  called  the   representatives    of  did  not  altogether  direct,  the  policy 

the  nation.      The  Minister  relied  of  his  Cabinet,  contrary  to  the  fa- 

upon  a  m^ority  there  and  in  the  vourite  maxim  of  the  Opposition  in 

Chamber  of  Peers ;  but  the  people  France,  L«  Eoi  rigne.  mai$  il  nt 

had  begim  loudly  to  coropkm  that  gountmt  fat,  that  Uie  hostility  en- 
[0  2] 


196]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [F«.«c«. 

tertained  towards  his  Ministry  ex-  some  of  tbe  highest  officers  of  the 
tended  to  himself,  and  became  a  State  were  open  to  a  bribe, 
feeling  of  dislike  towards  the  Or-  On  the  last  day  of  the  preceding 
leans  dynasty.  There  was  a  grow-  year  the  King's  sisUr,  to  whom  he 
ing  conviction  in  France  that  the  was  tenderly  attached,  the  Prin- 
Kiag  of  the  Barricadee  had  for-  oeas  Adelude  of  Orleans,  died,  in 
gotten  the  principle  on  which  his  the  71at  year  of  her  age.  This 
throne  was  based — namely,  that  of  threw  a  gloom  over  the  Royal 
a  limited  monarchy  surrounded  by  circle,  and  prevented  the  usual 
republican  institutions.  The  nation  festivities  of  the  J"owr  d«  I'An  from 
saw  Louis  Philippe  intent  chiefly  taking  place.  Nor  was  Louis  Phi- 
upon  plans  of  umily  i^grandise-  lippe  in  his  usual  health — a  fact 
ment ;  and  the  tortuous  intrigaes  which  cansed  considerable  anxiety 
which  had  bronghtaboutthe  Spanish  in  the  minds  of  those  who  believ^ 
marriages  proved  that  he  was  pre-  that  the  peace  and  tranquillity  of 
pared  to  brave  any  degree  of  odmm  France  were  bound  up  with  the 
in  order  to  advance  that  object,  continuance  of  his  life. 
We  must  ever  regard  that  step  of  The  opening  of  the  new  year, 
the  aged  monarch  as  not  only  re-  however,  was  signalized  by  a  fortu- 
prehensible  on  the  ground  of  mo-  nate  occurrence  for  the  French 
rality,  but  also  false  in  point  of  arms.  Intelligence  arrived  that 
policy.  To  embitter  the  life  of  Abd-el-Kader,  the  brave,  and 
the  Queen  of  Spun  by  forcing  or  hitherto  indomitable,  foe  of  France 
c^ling  her  into  a  marriage  with  in  Africa,  bad  at  last  yielded  to  the 
an  imbecile  husband  was  a  great  superior  power  of  the  invaders  of 
sin,  and  the  disgust  which  was  felt  his  native  soil,  and  that  on  the  33rd 
throi^hout  Europe  rendered  the  of  Decemberhesurrendered himself 
French  nation  angry  with  the  a  prisoner  to  Oenoral  LamoriciSre. 
author  of  such  a  disgrace,  rather  This  gratifying  intelligence  vras 
than  gntified  at  the  prospect  of  announced  by  the  young  Duke 
seeing  a  scion  of  their  ovm  House  d'Aumale,  the  newly  .appointed  Oo- 
of  Bourbon  upon  the  throne  of  vemor-General  of  Algeria,  in  a  dee- 
Spain,  Nor  was  there  any  con-  patch  addressed  by  him  to  the 
fidence  felt  in  the  purity  of  the  Minister  of  War  in  the  following 
Government.     Although  the  vim-  terms  : — 

lence  of    faction  never   dared   to  "A  great  event  has  jnat  been 

breathe  a  whisper  against  the  In-  accomplished.    Abd-el-Kader  ia  in 

tegrity  of  M.  Guizot.  whose  con-  our  camp.    Beaten  by  the  Kabyles 

duct,  except  in  the  fatal  instance  of  Morocco — driven  from  the  plains 

of  the  Spanish  morriagea.  seems  to  of  the  Moulouia  by  the  troops  of 

have    been     perfectly    open    and  Muley  Abderrhaniann — abandoned 

honourable — yet  the  syatem  was  by  the  greater  part  of  his  people, 

known  to  be  hollow  and  corrupt,  who  have  sought  refuge  in  our  ter- 

The  Ministry  commanded  a  ma-  ritory,  ho  threw  himself  into  the 

jority  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  country  of  the  Beni-Snassen,  and 

by  patronage  and  favouritism,  and  endeavoured  to  gain  the  road  to 

the  lamentable  disclosures  which  the  south,  which  the  Emperor  of 

had  taken   place   in  the  affair  of  Morocco  bad  left  free:  but,  aur- 

MM.  Teste  and  Pellapra  had  re-  rounded   by  our  cavalry  on  that 

vealed  to  the  public  the  fact  tbat  aide,  he  trusted  to  the  generosity 


Frmd.J                          HISTORY.  [197 

of    Franca,   and    surrendered  on  only  desires   to   be   conducted  to 

condition  of  being  sent  to  Alex-  Alexandria  of    St.    Jean  d'Acre 

andria  or  St.  Jean  d'Aore."  The  convention,  concluded  ordlj 

The  Emir  had  on  the  night  of  at  once,  is  soon  after  ratified  in 

the  11th  of  December  eorpriaed  writing  bj  General   de   Lamori- 

the  Moorish  camps,  and  occasioned  ci^re. 

them  great  loss.  But  the  num-  "  To-daj  in  the  afternoon  Abd- 
bers  were  too  formidable  for  him  to  el-Eader  has  been  received  at  the 
cope  with,  and,  collecting  his  wives  marabout  of  Sidi  Brabim,  b;  Colo- 
and  personal  baggage,  he  concen-  nel  de  Montauban,  who  was  re- 
brated  all  his  forces  in  the  direc-  joined  shortly  after  bj  Generals 
tioii  of  the  mottlh  of  the  rivor  de  I^smorici^re  and  Cavaignac. — 
Uoulouia.  On  the  31st  he  began  Sidi  Bmhim,  the  theatre  of  the 
tocroes  the  stream,  when  the  Moor-  Emir's  last  success,  and  which 
ish  Kabyles  fiercely  attacked  him.  Providence  seems  to  have  designed 
but  he  repelled  them,  and  effected  to  be  the  theatre  of  the  last  and 
his  passage  without  loss.  He  then  most  signal  of  his  reverses,  as  a 
stood  in  the  French  territory,  bat  kind  of  expiation  for  the  slaughter 
he  had  no  sooner  reached  it  than  of  our  unfortunate  comrades, 
he  hastily  abandoned  it,  and  with  "  An  hour  afterwards  Abd-el> 
a  email  number  of  followers  re-  Kader  was  conducted  to  Nemours, 
solved  to  pass  through  the  country  where  I  had  arrived  the  same 
of  the  Beni-Snassen  to  the  south,  morning.  I  ratified  General  La- 
Bnt  General  Lamoticiere  divined  moridere'e  promise,  and  I  oonfi- 
the  scheme,  and  immediately  took  dently  hope  that  the  King's  Go- 
measures  to  prevent  it.  What  fol-  vemment  will  give  its  approval  to 
lowed  may  be  told  in  the  words  of  it.  I  announced  to  the  Emir  that 
the  Dab  d'Aumale's  despatch.  he  would  have  to  embark  for  Oran 

"Twenty    spahis,    commanded  to-morrow  with  his fiimilj;  to  this 

l^  an  intelligent  and  trusty  officer,  he  submitted)   not  without  emo- 

Lientenant  Ben  Khouia,  hod  been  dou  and  repugnance.     It  was  the 

sent  to  the  Col  der  Kherbous,  on  last   drop   of    the    cup  of   afiiic- 

the  evening  of  the  Slst;  the  first  tion." 

news,  shortjy  after  the  reports  of  The    promise,    thus    solemnly 

the  musketry,  announced  that  an  made   and   ratified,    was   not  ftil- 

BCtion  had  commenced  in  that  di-  filled,  and  Abd-el-Kader  was  eent 

reotion.    It  was  Abd*el-Kader  who  to  France,  where  he  was  detained 

engaged  our  spahis.     General  de  a  prisoner,  first  at  Toulon,  and 

Lmioriciere,  who  during  the  night  afterwards  in  the  Ch&teau  d'Am- 

had  pnt  his  column  under  arms,  bobe,  throughout  the  whole  of  the 

advanced  rapidly  vrith  his  cavalry,  present  year.     It  was  contended 

The    Emir    had    the   advantage  that  General  Lamorici^re  had  no 

of  the   darkness  and  a  diffic^t  right  or  authority  to  make  such  a 

country,   traversed    by  roads   nn-  promise,   and   that  he  could  not 

known  to  our  guides.    He  could  bind  the  Government.     It  seems, 

still  have  easily  retreated.     But  however,  to  have  been  forgotten 

two  of  bis   cavalry,   led  by  Ben  that,  even  admitting  the  fact  to  be 

Khonia  himself,  bring  to  the  gene-  so,  the  Governor-General  of  the 

lal  the  intelligence  Uiat  he  is  de-  province~-the   King's   eon— bad, 

cided  to  surrender,  and  that  he  according  to  his  own  confesaioD, 


1981 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Frattee. 


ratified  that  promise.  When  the 
subject  came  before  the  Ohamber 
of  Peers,  on  the  17th  of  Jaouar}:, 
M.  Guizot  said,  that  the  King's 
Govemment  would  know  hov  to 
reconcile  what  was  due  to  the 
honour  of  an  engagement  entered 
into  with  a  Tanquiahed  enemj, 
with  what  the  interests  and  secu- 
rity of  the  country  demanded. 
That  was  the  task  to  which  it  was 
devoting  itself;  and  when  it  had 
been  fulfilled  every  information 
would  be  Kiven  to  the  Chamber. 

During  a  debate  that  took  place 
in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  on 
the  3rd  of  February,  General 
Lamoriciere  BGud,  that  all  respon- 
stbility  had  been  taken  off  hia 
shoulders  as  soon  as  the  GoTenior- 
Geaeral  ratified  the  convention. 
He  could  not,  under  the  circnm- 
sCaoces,  have  forced  the  Emir 
to  surrender  unconditionally;  he 
might  hare  secured  the  tent,  and 
even  the  carpet  of  Abd  el  Kader; 
but  the  Emir  himself  would  have 
been  able  to  reach  the  Desert, 

Before  dismissing  the  subject 
we  may  mention,  that  when  Louis 
Napoleon  was  installed  President 
of  the  French  Bepublic.  Abd-el- 
Kader,  on  the  23rd  of  December, 
addressed  to  him  a  letter  contain- 
ing the  following  passages,  which 
awaken  a  lively  interest  in  the 
fate  of  the  fallen  Emir. 

"  When,  guided  by  my  confi- 
dence in  the  bravery  and  the  pro- 
mises of  the  French,  I  came  to 
place  myself  and  mine  under  the 
protection  of  France,  by  giving 
myself  up  to  General  lAmOrioiere, 
at  that  time  Commandant  of  the 
province  of  Oran,  I  received  the 
formal  promise  that  I  shonld  be 
sent  to  the  noble  land  of  France, 
and  be  afterwards  conveyed  to 
Egypt,  and  from  thence  to  Syria, 
near  the  sacred  tomb  of  the  Pro- 


phet, that  I  might  enlighten  my- 
self with  new  light,  and  my  days 
he  wholly  devoted  to  the  happi- 
ness of  my  family,  and  far  from  the 
hazards  of  war,  the  theatre  of  which 
I  abandoned  for  ever  to  the  domina- 
tion of  France,  in  execution  of  the 
will  of  the  Almighty,  who  lowers  or 
raises  empires  as  he  pleases.  Far 
from  these  sacred  promises  having 
been  fulfilled,  I  and  mine  have 
been  subjected  to  captivity,  with- 
out being  able  to  cause  justice  to 
be  rendered  to  me.  I  demand  of 
the  Chief  of  the  French  Govem- 
ment to  fulfil  the  promisee  that 
were  made  to  me  by  the  Genends 
of  Africa,  and  to  accord  me  the 
liberty  of  going  on  parole  with  my 
family,  into  Syria,  to  fallow  the 
precepts  of  our  religion.  Grate- 
ful for  such  an  act  of  clemency 
and  justice,  I  would  pray  our  God 
to  b^tow  on  France  and  her  chiefe 
all  his  great  consolations  and  bless- 
ings. I  rely  on  the  wisdom  of  tiio 
President  of  the  Bepublic  and  of 
the  National  AsBembly." 

It  is  remsrkahle  that  this  ap- 
peal shonld  have  been  made  to 
bim  who  was  once  himself  the 
prisoner  of  Ham,  but  who  was  de- 
tained in  captivity  on  just  grounds 
— whereas  tbe  unfortunate  Abd-el- 
Kader  seems  to  be  imprisoned  in 
violation  of  solemn  promisee,  and 
in  direct  breach  of  the  condition 
on  which  he  surrendered  himself. 
May  bis  appeal  to  French  honour 
not  be  mode  in  vain  I 

Want  of  space  compels  ns  to  pre- 
sent in  a  more  abridged  form  than 
usual  the  speeches  that  were  de- 
livered in  the  two  Chunbers 
during  the  discussion  on  the  Ad- 
dress. And  this  is  the  less  to  be 
regretted,  as,  in  comparison  with 
the  astounding  events  which  were 
about  to  happen,  the  politkal  dit- 
Gusaions  and  opinions  of  the  dif- 


Frtinct.-]                     HISTORY.  [199 

ferant  parties  apon  ordinaJ7  topics  Depufr?  having  asked  if  it  was  true 

of  pabbc  intereit  sink  into  insig-  iJiat  the  Auatrians  had  occupied 

nificance.    While  reading  the  de-  Parma  and  Modena,  M.  Guizot  re- 

bttt«8  that,  took  place  in  the  Chun-  plied  that  he  was  not  aware  of  the 

her  of  Peers  or  Deputies  during  entrance    of  the    Aastiians  into 

the   months  of  January  and  Fe-  Panna ;  they  had  entered  Modena, 

braaiy  this    year,  with  the  con-  at  the  request  of  the  Duke,  for  the 

Bdousness  of  the  catastrophe  be-  purpose  of  restoring  order ;  but  he 

fore  us,  it  seems  as  if  we  were  had  been  assured  that  they  would 

gliding'  down    the   stream  of   a  immediately  withdraw.     Referring 

peaceful  river  in  the  calm  confi-  next  to  the  last  paragraph  of  the 

dence  of  security,  though  now  and  Address,  M.  Guizot  observed  that 

then  there  falls  upon  the  ear  the  the  expression  "  hostile  passions  " 

echo  of  the  distant  roar  of  some  was  not  applied  to  any  Member 

mighty  cataract.    It  is  indeed  of  the  Chamber ;  thai  the  Cabinet 

_             .           .              ..  J  .  had  used  them  to  characterize  pas- 

^SIT"       *"'^'''""  *™  '*  ^  eions  immiffil  to  the  Charter  W 
to  society  itself,  and  that,  perceiv- 

We  shall  see  that  for  the  buret  ing  those  symptoms  of  disorder,  it 
of  feeling  which  revealed  itself  in  was  its  duty  to  denounce  them. 
Paris,  and  taking  the  nation  by  In  the  Chamber  of  Peers  the 
surprise,  paralyzed  all  opposition,  general  discussion  on  the  Address 
politicians  of  every  class,  except  commenced,  and  closed  on  the  10th 
that  of  the  most  extreme  demo-  of  January.  A  very  able  speech 
cracy.werentterlyunprepared;  and  was  delivered  by  M.  Mesnard, 
even  tkey  had  tnade  no  provision  which  was  listened  to  with  the 
for  a  crisis  which  was  the  dierished  most  profound  attention.  It  con- 
dream  of  their  fanaticism.  It  tained  some  sound  truths,  and  it 
came  upon  them  like  an  avahinche,  would  have  been  well  for  M.  Gtii- 
Bweeping  away  the  throne  and  the  zot's  Government  and  for  France, 
constitution;  but  they  were  able  to  if  they  had  been  not  only  admitted 
torn  it  to  account,  and  realize  at  hut  promptly  acted  upon.  The 
last  the  vision  of  that  Bepublic  necessity  for  Beform  was  transpa- 
which  they  rather  ardently  de-  rent  to  all  except  those  to  whose 
sired  than  believed  to  be  possible,  political   existence   it    was    most 

On  the  3rd  of- January,  in  one  of  essential. 

the  bureauo!  of  the    Chamber  of  M.  Mesnaid  said   that,  having 

Deputies,  M.  Guizot,  having  been  been  for  seventeen  years  connected 

called  upon  hj  M.  Durand  de  So-  from  conviction  with  the  Gonser- 

morantin,  explained  some  acts  of  vative  party,  he  felt  under  obligar 

his  foreign  policy.  tions  to  the  Ministry  for  having 

With  regard  to  Switzerland,  he  grouped  aioond  themselves  a  strong 

had,  he  said,  continued  the  poUcy  majority ;  but  he  was  apprehensive 

followed  since  1833  towards  that  that  at  present  they  entertained 

country.      The  Oovemment  had  erroneous  notions  relative  to  the 

sold  arms  to  the  Soudorbuud  from  real  state  of  public  opinion.  Were 

a  conviction  that  its  cause  was  a  he  alone  in  that  idea,  he  should 

just  one,  and  that  the  triumph  of  have  hesitated  to  express  it  by  a 

the  Catholic  par^  would  be  favour-  just  distrust  of  himself ;  but  when 

able  to  the  interests  of  France.   A  he  found  that  a  very  great  number 


200] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


[F™ 


of  cteajvheaded  men  entertained 
the  same  dread,  be  considered  it 
his  duty  to  come  forward  and  pub- 
licly expose  hia  way  of  thinking. 
The  Ministry  was  at  present  in  a 
less  firm  position  than  last  year, 
and  the  country  was  not  so  calm. 
Last  year  the  Session  opened  after 
the  happy  conclusion  of  the 
Spanish  marriages,  and  the  Minis- 
ter of  Foreign  Affairs  obtained  be- 
fore the  Chambers  one  of  those 
splendid  successes  which  suffice  to 
honour  the  career  of  a  statesman. 
Eveiythiag  was  possible  for  a  Mi- 
nistry in  such  a  position,  particu- 
larly when,  being  strengthened  by 
the  issue  of  the  elections,  it  had  no 
longer  any  obstacles  to  fear  in  the 
Chambers.  The  hour  of  progress 
had  certainly  arrived,  and  the  Go- 
vernment could  with  success  have 
directed  its  attention  to  those  great 
moral  interests  which  it  had  post 
poned — nay,  more,  amongst  the 
Conservative  party  a  general  ex- 
pectation prevailed  that  such  would 
have  been  the  course  which  the 
Ministry  would  think  it  necessary 
to  pursue.  Yet  notwithstanding 
that  fortunate  position  of  the  Mi- 
nistry, and  the  hopes  of  the  Con- 
servative party,  tne  Session  had 
been  completely  barren.  Much 
had  then  to  be  done,  and  scarcely 
anything  was  effected !  The  con- 
sequence was  that  serious  embar- 
rassments were  at  present  menacing 
the  Governiuent,  and  the  Minbtry 
would  certainly  one  day  reproach 
itself  for  having  neglected  so  ex- 
cellent an  occasion.  The  Cabinet, 
eveiy  time  that  reforms  were  pro- 
posed, declared  that  the  time  was 
Inopportune  and  even  dangerous. 
In  that  respect  he  was  of  opinion 
that  the  Ministry  were  qnite  mis- 
taken as  to  the  real  state  of  the 
public  mind.  They  seemed  to 
think  that  the  question  of  reformsi 


when  brought  forwiu^  by  the  Op- 
position, was  a  piece  of  party  tac- 
tics ;  audwhen  mooted  b;  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  majority,  as  was  the  case 
once  last  Session,  they  looked  on 
it  as  a  sort  of  malcontent  fancy, 
which  called  for  no  especial  atten- 
tion. He  firmly  believed  that 
this  was  quite  an  error,  and  he 
could  affirm,  with  every  feeling  of 
confidence  in  the  truth  of  his  as- 
sertion, that  the  countiy  felt 
strongly  on  the  subject,  and  ex- 
pected to  have  some^ing  done.  It 
was  from  the  ranks  of  the  Conser- 
vative par^  that  had  escaped  the 
well-known  phrase  of  "  Nothing, 
nothing!  nothing!"  It  had  be- 
come a  sort  of  parly  cry,  and  that 
"nothing  "was  now  attempted  to 
he  turned  into  something  serious. 
Such  was  the  state  of  things,  and 
if  the  position  of  the  Cabinet  was 
inferior  to  that  of  last  year,  its  own 
conducton  the  question  just  alluded 
to  must  be  considered  as  the  cause 
of  the  change.  It  had  allowed  the 
opportunity  to  escape  when  the 
country  was  tranquil,  and  in  all 
probability  it  would  not  he  able  to 
find  again  so  favourable  a  moment. 
He  did  not  mean  to  say  that  the 
Qovemment  ought  to  have  carried 
out  last  Session  all  the  reforms 
that  were  proposed — the  country 
did  not  ask  for  so  much,  nor  ex- 
pect it.  It  would  have  been  suf- 
ficient if  the  Oovemment  had  used 
a  different  language,  and  given 
reason  to  suppose  that  at  no  very 
distant  period  what  was  demanded 
Would  be  granted.  The  Cabinet 
would  have  gained  ila  cause  bad  it, 
by  its  assurantws,  satisfied  those 
moderate  men  who  were  as  strongly 
opposed  to  wild  and  disorderly  pro- 
gress as  they  were  to  a  complete 
stand  still — to  a  state  of  petrifac- 
tion ;  and  that  satisfaction  was  in 
truth  the  only  one  that  was  possi- 


ii™>».]                     HISTORY.  [201 

ble  at  the  commencement  ofa  new  spiritof  order  and  tranquillity  nhicli 
Legislature.  In  the  present  situa-  prevailed ;  that  state  of  the  public 
tion,  perilous  and  embarrassing  as  mind  was  even  the  more  dangeroue 
it  was,  what  ought  to  be  the  con-  for  the  Ministry.  He  in  conae- 
ductof  the  Government  ?  When  quence  strongly  recommended  it 
moral  questions  agitated  a.  people,  to  seize  on  the  question  of  reform, 
a  wise  Ministry  would  endeavour  and  bring  it  boldly  before  the  Par- 
te take  the  lead,  and  by  that  means  liament.  Let  it  do  that,  and  it 
direct  the  public  mind  in  the  pro-  would  see  if  the  public  would  not 
per  couree ;  but  if  it  held  back,  applaud  a  line  of  conduct  at  once 
and  allowed  the  people  to  drag  it  eo  adroit  and  bo  courageous.  There 
on,  it  would,  on  the  contraiy,  be  were  demands  to  whidi  it  was  pru- 
compelled  to  submit  to  their  most  dent  and  even  noble  to  yield;  and 
unreasonable  exigencies.  These  the  Government  ought  to  make 
truismH  indicated,  in  his  opinion,  concessions  to  avoid  having  what 
what  the  Government  ought  to  do  was  called  for  forced  from  it.  He 
— namely,  take  the  lead  and  direct  should  have  been  delighted  had  be 
the  movement.  He  was  aware  that  found  in  the  Address  a  single 
a  grave  objection  might  be  brought  phrase  which  responded  to  the 
forward  against  such  a  course ;  that  feeling  that  was  now  gaining  ground 
it  mij^t  be  asked,  was  it  a  proper  in  favour  of  reform, 
moment,  when  the  public  were  The  Address,  as  finally  voted  in 
agitated  and  the  most  gloomy  re-  the  Chamber  of  Peers  on  the  10th 
minisceuces  of  the  past  appealed  of  January,  was  as  jollows  : — 
to,  to  accede  to  a  demand  of  reform, 


thrown  down  as  a  sort  of  arrogant 


Sire,- 


challenge  to  the  King?     His  un-  Since  our  lost  Session  an  abun- 

besilating  reply  was,  that  such  was  dant  crop  has  dissipated  the  fears 

the  conduct  most  likely  to  be  of  ad-  and  allayed   the   evils   which  af- 

vantage  to  tite   Ministry,  to   the  fllcted  our   country.     France,   by 

Conservative   party,   and    to    the  her  courage,  deserved  that  blessing 

public.     Far  from  being  an  objec-  of  Heaven.     Never,  under  similar 

tion  to  reform,  the  present  agita-  circumstances,  was  public  order  so 

tion  of  men's  minds  was,  he  con-  generally  maintained.     The  popu- 

ceived,  a  great  argument   in   its  lation   understood   that  the   free- 

fiivour.     If  the  cry  for  reform  was  dom   of  commercial    transactions 

a  mere  party  business,  he  should  was  the  surest  remedy  to  their  suf- 

be  the  first  to  say  to  the  Ministry  ferings.      The   inexhaustible   zeal 

— "  Resist;  do  not  yield  an  inch  I"  of  private  charity  assisted  the  eo- 

but    the    matter    had    taken  &r  crifices  of    the    public  Treasuiy. 

deeper  root — was  the  hourly  sub-  Our  trade  has  been  saved  by  its 

ject  of  conversation   and  discus-  prudence,    if    not    from    pamfol 

sion—had  become,  in  fact,  with  the  losses,  at  least  from  the  calamities 

public  a  sort  of  necessity  which  it  which  have  visited  other  states, 

would  be  most  dangerous  to  slight.  We  congratulate  ourselves,   with 

There   was,    besides,    no  feverish  your    Majesty,    on    reaching  the 

agitataoD  in  the  countiy— all  was  term  of  tboee  trials,  the  recollec- 

calm  and   orderly.      Indeed,   the  tion  of  which  will   remain  as  a 

manner  it)  which  the  deprivations,  reassuring  experiment  and  a  salu- 

incidental  to  the  scarcity  of  food,  tary  caution, 

had  been  borne  was  a  proof  of  the  Yon  may  rely  on  our  ooH>peiv- 


202]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Frano. 

tion  U>  termiiiate  the  great  public  The  relations  of  jour  Govern- 

works  which  ne  have  undertakea.  meat  with  all  the  foreign  Powers 

It  is  important  for  the  power  and  give  you  the  confidence  that  the 

Srosperity  of  the  country,  for  the  peace  of    the   world    is  secured, 

evelopment  of  our  manu&ctures  Like  you,  Sire,  we  hope  that  the 

and  the  progress  of  igriealture,  progress  of  civilization  and  liberty 

that  those    great  works   be  oom-  may  be  everywhere  accomplished, 

pleted.    fiut,  at  the  same  time  without  impairing  either  the  in- 

that  we  will  apply  to  that  object  temal  order,  tlie  independence,  or 

Bufficlent  resoorces,  we  will  watch  the  Friendly  reluioue  of   stotea. 

with  the  strictest  economy  to  main-  Our  Byn^thtes  and  mahee  accom- 

tain  in  onr  budgets  that  order  on  pony  those  Italian  Sovereigns  and 

which  depends  the  stability  of  our  natioua  who  advance  together  in 

fioancea,  and  to  re-eelablish  at  last  that  new  path  with   a  provident 

a  complete  and  real  balance  be-  .wisdom,  of  which  the  august  chief 

tween  the   receipts  and  espendi-  of  Chrietendom  baa  set  them  the 

tore,  which  is  the  first  condition  affecting   and    magnanimous    ex- 

of  the  power  and  security  of  the  ample. 

state.  Civil  war  has  bndcen  out  in  a 
The  project  of  law  relative  to  ne^bouring  and  friendly  country, 
the  reduction  of  the  price  of  salt  Your  Government  had  oome  to  an 
and  of  the  postage  of  letters  within  understanding  with  the  Govem- 
the  limits  compatible  witli  the  ments  of  England,  Austria,  Pros- 
situation  of  our  finance,  will  be  the  sia,  and  Hussia,  in  order  to  offer  it 
olfject  of  our  solicitude  and  serious  a  friendly  mediation.  Switzerland 
meditation.  will  recognise,  we  trust,  that  it  is 
We  hope  that  this  Session  may  by  respecting  the  rights  of  all,  and 
be  productive  of  useful  and  im-  by  muntaining  the  fundamental 
portant  results.  Already  have  pro-  bases  of  the  Helvetic  Gonfedeia- 
jects  of  law  on  public  mstruction,  tion,  that  it  con  insure  its  hap|M- 
on  prison  discipline,  and  on  our  nesa,  and  preserve  the  condition  of 
Customs'  tariff,  been  submitted  to  security  which  Europe  wished  to 
our  deliberation.  You  announce  guarantee  to  it. 
to  us  other  bills  on  various  sub-  Faithful  to  the  cause  of  a  gene- 
jects  not  less  worthy  of  esamina-  rous  nation,  France  recalls  to  En- 
tion— on  communal  property,  on  rope  the  rights  of  Polish  nationali^ 
the  system  of  mortgages,  the  montt  so  formally  stipulated  by  treaties. 
de  pitli,  on  the  application  of  The  Chamber  hopes  that  the 
the  savings-banks  to  the  relief  of  measures  adopted  by  our  Govera- 
labourers  in  their  old  age.  We  ment,  in  accord  with  the  Govern- 
shall  concur  in  the  wish  of  your  mentof  theQueeoof  OroatBrittun, 
H^eety,  by  constantly  endeavour-  will  re-estabUsh  at  lest  onr  com- 
ing to  alleviate  the  &te  of  those  mercial  relations  on  the  bonks  of 
who  possess  no  other   resources  La  Plata. 

than  their  labour.     It  is  onr  duty.  We  reap  in  Algeria  the  fruits  of 

at  the  same  time,  to  caution  them  our  perseverance,  of  the  inde&liga- 

withfirmuesa  against  the  delusions  bleaevotednesaof  our8oldier8,and 

of  dangerous  Utopias,  and  to  pro-  of  a  war  glorionaly  conducted  I^ 

cure  them  all  the  material  and  an  illustrious  chief.     The   most 

moral  improvements  which  it  is  in  dreaded  adversary  of  our  power 

our  power  to  realize.  bos  made  his  submission.     That 


France.] 


HISTORY. 


Caos 


event,  which  promisea  France  the 
proximate  alleviatioii  of  a  portion 
of  her  burdens,  prepares  a  aev  era 
for  our  African  est(U>U6hment8 ; 
jonr  beloved  son  will  becomingly 
fblfit,  we  trust,  his  grand  sad 
glorious  mission.  Under  the  di- 
rection of  your  OoTemmeDt,  he 
will  consolidate  our  domination  by 
a  r^ular  and  vigilant  adminiatra- 
tion.  The  blessings  of  peace  must 
now  oontinne  the  conquest  of  that 
land  which  tuts  beoome  French  by 
the  power  of  our  arms. 

Sire,  by  devoting  yourself  to  the 
service  of  our  country  with  that 
courage  which  nothing  can  subdue, 
not  even  the  afflictions  that  visit 
you  in  your  dearest  afitetiotiB ;  by 
devoting  your  life  and  that  of  your 
children  to  the  care  of  our  interests 
and  our  digni^,  yon  strengthen 
every  day  the  edifice  we  have 
founded  together.  Depend  on 
our  support  to  assist  you  in  de- 
fending It.  A^tations,  excited  by 
hostile  passions  or  blind  delusions, 
will  vanish  befure  public  reason, 
enlightened  byourfreedisoa8«ana, 
and  the  maniiestation  of  all  legiti- 
mate opinions.  In  a  consUtulJonal 
monarchy  the  union  of  the  great 
powers  of  the  State  overcomes  eveiy 
obstacle,  and  enables  Hie  Govern- 
ment to  satisfy  all  the  moral  and 
material  interests  of  the  country. 
By  that  union.  Sire,  we  will  main- 
tain social  order  and  all  its  condi- 
tions. We  will  guarantee  public 
liberties  and  all  their  development. 
Our  Charter  of  1680,  transmitted 
by  OS  to  future  generations  as  an 
inviolable  deposit,  will  secure  to 
them  the  most  valuable  inherit- 
ance which  nations  can  receive— 
the  alliance  of  order  uid  liberty. 

On  the  ladi  of  Janoaiy  the  bu- 
rtmtai  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 
commenced  their  examination  of 
the  budget  for  the  year  1648,  and 


it  may  he  interesting  to  give  the 
Estimates  relating  to  the  Army 
and  Navy. 

The  military  budget  presented 
a  decrease  of  about  l.OOO.OOCi/*., 
compared  with  the  year  1846.  It 
amounted  to  the  sum  total  of 
920,708,064/.  It  was  proposed 
that  the  effective  of  the  army 
should  consist  of  S3S,610  men, 
and  80,091  horses,  of  which  foi<ce 
56,720  men  and  14,000  horses 
were  to  be  employed  in  Algeria. 
In  preceding  years,  the  army  in 
Algeria  amounted  to  nearly  100,000 
men,  including  the  paid  native 
troops. 

The  budget  of  the  Navy  es- 
hibitedaeumtot^  of  130,300,608/., 
presenting  a  difference,  as  com- 
pared with  the  budget  of  1848,  of 
more  than  3,000,000/  less.  This 
decrease  had  been  effected  in  the 
armaments  and  the  naval  crews. 
It  was  proposed  to  reduce  the 
effective  of  the  naval  forces  by 
18  vessels  and  1056  seamen  ;  and 
it  would  in  that  case  consist  of 
SOS  vessels,  vrith  27,873  seamen 
on  board*. 

In  the  Chamber  of  Peers,  daring 
a  discussion  that  took  place  on  the 
IDlh  of  January,  relative  to  the 
affairs  of  Switzerland,  the  Count 
de  Montalembert  made  a  long  and 
eloquent  speech,  which,  at  the 
time,  was  much  applauded.  The 
Due  de  Broglie  had  defended  the 
polity  of  the  French  Qovemment 
in  co-(^ratinff  with  the  other 
great  Powers  for  the  settlement 
of  the  Swiss  question.  He  con- 
cluded  by  saying  that   &at  Go- 

*  The  rollowing  ii  ■  reciptlulatioD  of 
ibe  Tcnels  in  ■ctire  Kmce  >t  lea,  vii.,  6 
■hip*  of  tbe  line,  7  frigatea,  15  eorrettea, 
]6  brigi,  XI  ligbt  teueU,  W  cniupoili, 
51  Mumtn,  anil  28  dilTeraiil  >«wU  for 
tbe  wot  coul  of  Africa  rtationiwhilit  13 
Te«el>  were  lo  renuun  in  harbour  com- 
miauoD,  hicI  16  m  port  commiMioo. 


204]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Frafue. 

vemmeut  had  at  various  times,  by  wounds ;  ihej  are  cured :  but  it  is 

simple  recommeudationa,  reminded  not  only  religion  which  is  attacked, 

the  Diet  of  respect  due  to  treaties,  it  is  also   order  and  liberty,  the 

and  it  was  tberefore  not  responsi-  wounds  of  which  are  more  deep 

ble  for  what  at  last  took  place.    If  and  dangerous.     Were  I  able,  I 

it  did   not  succeed   in  the  work  should  like  to  show  you  what  has 

of  pacification  which  it  undertook,  been  done  to  give  to  Radicalism  a 

it  at  least  laid  down  the    bases  citadel  whence  it  might  act,  not 

of    a  durable    understanding    be-  on  absolute   monarchies,   for  the 

tween  the  five  great  Powers,  and  Radicals  will  have  nothing  to  do 

of  a  common  action  between  the  with  them,  but  on  consdtutiotud 

Powers  on  the  frontier  of  Switzer-  monarcbiesiforitisforthepurpose 

land,  who  equally  desire   the  re-  of  acting  against  the  constitutional 

establishment  of  moral   order  in  Govemmeuta  of  Oermuiy  that  the 

that   country.     "  Let    those    per  Radicals     unite    in    Switzerland. 

sons  who  attack  us  say  what  they  You  will  call  to  miud  that  for  a 

would  have    done   in  our  place,  long  time  there  was  not  a  single 

The  French  Government,    I   am  cry   in    Switzerland    against    the 

convinced,   did  better  than   they  Jesuits ;   certainly,  when  General 

could  have  done  themselves."  Ramorino  made  his  expedition  into 

Ou  the  following  day  Count  de  Piedmont,  it  was  not  for  the  ex- 

Montalembert  rose  and  addressed  pulsion  of  that  body.      No,   the 

himself,  at  great  length,  to  the  Radicals  did  not  wish  to  act  agtunst 

whole  subject ;   but  we  can  give  that     order    alone,     but    against 

only  a  few  extracts.     While  we  Christianity  in  general ;  they  deny 

admire  his  eloquence,  and  agree  it,  they  wi^  to  destroy  it,  striking 

with  many  of  his  senlimenta,  we  at  the  same  time  against  Catholic- 

cannot  but  regret  tliat  the  policy  ism  and  against  Protestantism.    It 

of  Lord  Palmerston  has  provoked  is  not  only  against  the  Jesuits  that 

such  censure  upon  the  conduct  of  the  Swiss  Radicals  are  hostile,  but 

England.  the    entire    church  and  religion. 

"  Last  year  the  question  in  But  it  is  not  only  religion  that  is 
agitation  was  the  last  remains  of  menaced;  it  is  every  kind  of  liberty. 
Poland ;  this  year  it  is  the  cradle  The  Utterly  of  the  press  I  It  has 
of  Helvetic  liberty.  The  crime  is  been  stifled,  and  it  has  been  even 
the  same;  then,  it  was  the  act  of  Interdicted  to  publish  any  news 
despotism ;  now,  it  is  the  work  of  which  is  contrary  to  the  views  of 
those  who  dream  of  overthrowing  the  Government  The  r^bt  of 
religious  societies.  But  it  is  still  petition  has  been  g^ged ;  the 
tlie  abuse  of  force  in  Switzerland  liberty  of  elections  haa  been  vio- 
as  in  Poland ;  it  is  the  oppression  lated  in  the  most  flagnuit  manner, 
of  right  by  number  and  by  violence.  And  this  is  not  all;  the  rights  of 
And  how  is  it  that  we  luve  every  property  have  been  invaded.  Li- 
year  to  denounce  similar  crimes  ?  berty  is  respect  for  man  ;  Radical- 
How  can  we  help  being  distressed  ismiscontemptforman— contempt 
at  this  apparent  sterility  of  our  the  most  arrogant.  I  consider 
efforts  ?  1  am  not  about  to  utter  myself  entitled  more  perhaps  than 
my  complaints  here  as  a  Catholic,  any  other  to  speak  in  favour  of 
in  the  name  of  religion.  It  is  the  liberty.  I  have  been  deemed  ex- 
fate    of   religion  to    suffer   Buch  clusivelyderotedto  religiousliberty 


Fmnee.]                          HISTORY.  [205 

— but  no,  I  am  devoted  to  liberty  the  other  side  of  the  Jura,  on  tbe 

of  every  description — to  liberty  in  moat  liberal  frontiers  of  France, 

its  fullest  sense.     If  the  canse  of  and  with  tbe  support  of  England  ; 

tbe  Swiss  Radicals  were  to  triumph  and,   in   France,   yon  now  have, 

in  France,  what  should  we  have  ?  more  than  in  1833  and  1894,  open 

Disorder  and  anarchy — ^nay,  worse  sympathies,  avowed  by  the   Con- 

than  anarchy,  for  that  et  last  be-  Tention  and  the  Mountain.     I  do 

xtinguished  of  itself.     We  not  ask,  it  may  be  well  supposed. 


should  have  oi^anized  Radicalism,  for  any  measures  of  exception;  but 

and  yet  the  dynastic  Opposition  what  I  desire  to  witness  is,  that 

applauds  it.     There  have  been  GO  well-disposed  men  may  open  their 

or  60  banqnets  given  by  tbe  Oppo-  eyes — may  arm   themselves   with 

sition ;    they   were  organized   for  resolution.     For  me,  tbe  greatest 

Sectoral  reform,  and  yet  at  them  of  evils  is  fear.     What,  think  you, 

the  guests  drank  to  the  success  of  has  been  tbe  origin  of  all  the  cata- 

Switzerland.    But,  since   I  have  strophes    which    have    desolated 

thus  denounced  to  you  the  crimes  France?  Tbe  fear  which  the  well- 

whicb    have    been   committed   in  disposed   have  felt  of  the   vilest 

Switzerland,  whom  do  you  imagine  wretches.     Let  us  not  give  up  to 

Iconsider  as  the  principal  offender?  the  wicked  a  monopoly  of  energy; 

Tbe  Foreign  Secretaiy  of  State  of  let  tbe  right-miuded  defend  order 

Her  Britannic  Mtyestyl      When  at  borne  end  abroad,  by  teslifyin? 

noble  peers  Bland  up  iu  this  tribune  their  horror  and    disgust  for  all 

and  speak  what  they  think  of  the  that  resembles  17SS   and  1703 ; 

Emperor  of  Austria,  and  of  Prince  let  tbe  priociple  of  all  men  anxious 

deMettemich,  I  may  surely  declare  for  what  is  right  be  the  union  of 

my  opinion  of  Lord  Palmerston.  liberty  with  order  and  peace ;  let 

It  is  he  who,  in  my  eyes,  is  the  us  comprehend,  by  what  has  just 

executioner  of  the  independence  of  passed  at  the   other  side   of  the 

Switzerland ;  it  is  he  who,  at  tbe  Jura,  bow  dangerous  it  is  not  to 

moment  of  making  a  manifestation  tolerate  liberty  even  amongst  those 

in  favour  of  tbe  good  right,  insisted  who  do  not  think  as  we  do.    Let 

onaprevious  understandingamong  ns  not  forget  that  liberty  has  just 

tbe  Cabinets,  and  so  produced  pro-  been    betrayed    and     immolated 

crastinations,    during    which    he  through  the  agency  of  England. 

Siressed  on  hostilities  in  Switzer-  and  that  France  is  bonnd  to  be  its 

■nd.    It  ia  not  with  impunity  that  rallving  point  and  safeguard." 
England  will  have  followed  her        With    reference   to  the  Swiss 

policy.     The  encouragement  given  question,  M.  Oiiizot.  in  tbe  Cham- 

to  anarchy  in  Greece,  in  Switzer-  ber  of  Peers,  on  the  next  day, 

land,  will  not  remain  unpunished  ;  expressed  himself  in  the  following 

tbe  flames  of  that    conflagration  terms,  which  we  quote  as  showing 

will  cross  tbe  Channel,  and  will  the    conviction  of   that    eminent 

show  Ei^land  that  propriety,  jus-  statesman  of  the  wisdom  and  policy 

tic«,  and  liber^r,  are  not  the  privi-  of  cultivating  friendship  with  Great 

lege   of  one  nation  alone.     The  Britain.     Very  different  has  been 

present    situation    may   be    thus  the  language  and  conduct  of  M. 

brieSy  summed  up:  theflagwbich,  Thiers;  andyetit  must  be  borne 

in  1839  and  1834,  you  vanquished  in  mind  that  M.  Guizot  himself, 

at  Lyons,  has  now  risen  again  on  in  tbe  affair  ef  the  Spanish  ma^ 


20«] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


[Fra 


rugea,  was  villing  to  peril  At 
good  tmilerBtaadiiig  between  the 
two  countries  in  order  to  gmtifj 
the  ambitious  desire  of  femilj 
aggrandizement  ia  Louis  Philippe. 
He  now  said,  "  I  considered  it  of 
great  importance  to  secure  the  co- 
opeiKtion  of  Ei^land.  From  the 
first  moment  I  made  sacrifices  to 
arrive  at  that  result.  I  think  I 
have  a  right  to  aay  that  the  inde- 
pendence of  our  policy  as  respects 
England  is  fully  established.  It 
is  now  proved  that  whenever  we 
meet  a  great  national  interest 
we  do  not  hesitate  to  assert  it  bj 
every  means  in  our  power.  We 
nevertheless  continue,  and  will 
still  continue,  to  attach  an  extreme 
importance  to  the  maintenance  of 
friendly  relations  and  of  a  good 
understanding  between  England 
and  France.  We  will  conUnue  to 
think  tliat  on  important  occasions, 
when  the  cause  of  civilization  and 
justice  is  at  stake,  the  common 
action  of  England  and  France  is 
powerful,  and  salutary  for  the 
peace  of  the  world.  The  opinion 
we  entertained  on  the  euligect  a 
year,  two  years,  three  years  ago,  is 
not  changed.  At  the  same  time 
that  we  are  fully  determined  to 
maintain  the  independence  of  our 
policy  and  the  dignity  of  our 
GountryandOovemment,  whenever 
an  opportunity  shall  present  itself 
of  combining  Uie  action  of  England 
and  France  for  the  success  of  one 
of  the  great  causes  I  above  alluded 
to,  we  will  exert  ouiselves  to  pro- 
cure that  common  action,  even  if 
we  were  to  be  uneasy  at  the  result 
of  our  advances.  In  the  question 
now  before  the  House,  we  bad 
every  reason  to  believe  that  the 
common  action  of  England  with 
the  continental  Powers  would  ex- 
perience no  serious  difficulties. 
That  queetjon,  the  interests  and 


lights  of  cantonal  sovereiguty,  the 
rdadona  of  the  Helvetic  Confe- 
deration with  Europe,  were  not 
new  topics,  having  already  been 
discussed  in  1632  and  18S3,  on 
the  occasion  of  the  revision  of  tbe 
Federal  Compact." 

On  the  17di  the  question  of  the 
Reform  Banquets  was  brought  into 
discuasion  in  the  Chamber  of  Peers ; 
when  Count  d'Alton  Bhea,  well 
known  for  hia  extreme  political 
opinioue.aaid  that  he  had  never  been 
present  at  any  of  the  banquets,  nor 
applauded  them,  but  he  could  not 
approve  of  the  imprudent  language 
which  the  llinistry  had  put  into 
the  King's  mouth,  or  the  still  more 
imprudent  words  which  the  com- 
mittee  had  inserted  in  the  Address. 
He  considered  that  a  very  inexact 
epithet  had  been  apphed  to  those 
Befonn  meetings;  the  ministry 
might  probably  have  wished  that 
those  assemblages  should  have 
degenerated  into  inwUet,  but  on 
no  occasion  had  any  disorder  taken 
place.  In  1698  a  coalition  had 
been  formed,  under  the  direction 
of  Ueesra.  Guizot,  Thiers,  Odillon 
Barrot,  Berryer,  and  Gamier- 
Pages  ;  between  these  eminent 
men  there  was  but  one  point  of 
contact — to  substitute  a  Parlia- 
mentary for  a  personal  Govern- 
ment. Ten  years  have  since  passed 
over,  and  the  object  still  remained 
the  same,  only  the  men  were 
changed.  In  1636  the  electoral 
body  ^proved  of  the  Opposition, 
and  succees  was  only  lost  through 
the  treachery  of  the  leaders.  At 
the  present  time,  when  after 
several  years'  repose  the  public 
mind  was  awakened,  it  would  be 
impossible,  in  presence  of  the 
frightful  progress  of  corruption,  to 
look  for  snccees  in  the  electionB, 
and  it  was  necessaiy  to  resort  to 
other  means  to  ensure  the  triumph 


Fr«w.]                      HISTORY.  [207 

ti  frtHb  opinion.  In  the  first  establiahmeiit.  There  were  men, 
instuice  on  electoral  reform  bad  he  admitted,  who  went  further 
beendemanded.whichwDaldsbelter  than  they  ought;  but  when  public 
the  electors  from  the  seductions  of  indiffnation  hul  been  eo  roused  it 
the  Qovemment  and  from  electoral  would  be  childish  U  talk  of  any 
mendicity ;  and,  afterwards,  Par-  order.  Some  looked  to  things, 
hamorttioy  reform  had  been  asked  othera  to  men.  It  was  the  fault 
for,  tila^  ^ould  relieve  the  other  of  the  Uinisters  and  of  their  man- 
Chamber  from  the  host  of  public  ner  of  fforeming.  The  Address 
functionaries  with  which  it  was  also  spoke  of  opinions  subversive 
encumbered.  He  was  aware  that  of  social  order.  He  was  aware 
at  the  bmquets  other  subjecla  had  how  the  Conservatives,  who  were 
been  started  besidee  Refonn,  and  all-powerful,  understood  and  inter 
many  other  toasts  bad  been  dmnk.  prated  liberty  of  opinion,  but  he 
He  should  not  speak  of  those  did  not  bend  before  such  a  ten- 
which,  like  that  of  "  The  Alliance  dency;  he  did  not  respect  it. 
of  the  Peo[de,"  substituted  for  The  Minister  of  the  Interior, 
"  The  AUianee  of  Kings."  belonged  M.  Duchatel,  said  that  fh>m  the 
to  the  discussion  of  foreign  affairs,  day  that  the  Cbambers  were  in- 
bnt  of  home  questions.  The  firet  vested  in  France  with  suflScient 
important  toast  he  met  with  was,  powers  to  influence  the  political 
"  To  the  Organization  of  Labour."  direction  of  the  country,  they  had 
What,  be  would  ask,  could  be  mora  slways  contained  within  tbemselTes 
simple  than  that  toast?  Was  a  party  attached  to  the  views  of 
there  any  one  in  that  essentially  Ministers — that  was  invariably  the 
Conservative  assembly  that  could  practice  both  in  England  and  in 
deny  the  dn^  of  labour  and  the  France.  There  ought  not  conse- 
rights  of  labour?  The  Govern-  quently  to  be  any  reproach  attached 
ment  itself,  in  its  speech  from  to  the  existence  of  that  great  party 
the  Throne,  bed  announced  Bills  which  acknowledged  the  Ministry 
destined  to  ameliorate  the  condi-  as  their  leaders,  it  being  well  un- 
tion  of  the  working  classes.  An-  derstood  that  this  quality  of  heads 
other  tosst  had  been  given,  "  To  of  party  did  not  involve  any  right 
the  Reform  of  the  Army."  It  was  of  manifeetmg  partiality  in  the 
not  sufficient  to  recall  a  few  r^-  Rdministration  of  afiairs.  To  be 
menia  from  Africa,  for  if  they  were  in  such  a  position  was  to  be  the 
kept  armed  in  France  no  economy  head  of  a  party  without  any  of  the 
would  be  effected.  After  SO  years  inconveniences  attached  to  the 
of  peace  it  was  but  reasonable  that  post — it  was,  in  fact,  in  his  opinion, 
they  should  reap  some  fruits  from  the  verity  of  representative  govem- 
such  a  state.  It  was  the  reduotion  ment.  The  last  Sessioa  was  the 
of  100,000  men  that  was  called  first  of  a  new  Legislature.  They 
for,  which  would  effect  a  saving  of  found  that  the  majority  was  the 
100,000,000/.,  which  there  would  sincera  expression  of  the  opinions 
be  no  difficulty  in  finding  a  use  of  the  country.  Ought  they  to 
for.  Toasts  had  also  been  drunk  have  then  touched  the  electoral 
"To  Probity"  and  "To  Humanity;"  law  which  bad  given  such  a  result? 
bnt  to  these  be  shonld  not  further  Ought  they  to  have  broken  the 
allude.  The  Address  spoke  of  instrument  which  had  given  them 
pSBsions  inimical  to  dieir  political  a  m^ori^  which  they  regarded  as 


208]              ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Fra>u'- 

satisfactory  in  principle?  To  touch  change  it  immediatel;,  but  to  an- 

the  electoral  law  would  he  to  break  nounee  that  it  ought  to  be  changed, 

up  the  Chamber  itself.     That  was  without  doing  so,  would  be  highly 

why  they  had  opposed  electoral  imprudent;  it  would  be  to  shake 

reform.     Did  it  thence  follow  that  the  whole  edifice  of  their  legisla- 

they  had  done  nothing?    He  had  tion.   That  the  Government  would 

only  to  mention  the  numerous  and  not  do  ;  it  would  not  sacrifice  the 

important  measures  that  they  had  laws  of  the  country ;  it  would  not 

brought  forward.    The  committees  open   a  breach   without  knowing 

of  the  Chunbers  were  still  occu-  how  it  could  be  filled  up.     On  the 

pied  with  the  labours  which  the  day  when    the   Cbaiubers  should 

Government  had  given  them ;  and,  entertain  the  idea  that  a  reform 

moreover,  let  the  circumstances  be  was  necessary,  they  would  give  the 

remembered  in    which   they  had  subject  due  attention  ;  for  his  part, 

been  placed.  Before  turning  atten-  he  should  never  advise  them  to 

tion   to    theoretical  laws,   it  was  enter  on  a  dangerous  reform.     A 

necessary    to     think    of    getting  present  chai^  of  the  electoral  law 

through  in  the  beet  mtmner  a  ter-  would  have  the  immediate  effect 

rible  crisis  arising  from  the  scarcity  of  dissolving  the  Chamber  of  De- 

of  food.    The  English  Parliament  puties,  and  that,  in  the  opinion  of 

during  the  last  Session  had  not  the  Government,  would  be  a  very 

done  more  than  they  had.     Was  it  great  inconvenience  for  the  coun- 

nothing  to   have  passed  through  try. 

such  a  difficult  period  without  dis-  On  the  Stst  ef  the  same  month, 
orders,  writhout  dangers?  They  a  singular  and  not  very  creditable 
considered  the  reproaches  addressed  discussion  took  place  in  the  Cham- 
to  them  were  unjust.  The;  were  ber  of  Deputies  respecting  the  sale 
ready  to  change  their  ideas  if  it  of  offices  in  the  patronage  of  Go- 
could  be  proved  that  they  were  vemment  It  was  commenced  by 
wrong.  But  what,  be  would  ask,  M.  Odilloa  Barrot,  who  ascended 
had  been  proposed  to  them  for  the  the  tribune  to  address  to  the  Minis- 
benefit  of  the  country?  Nothing,  tty  interpellations  relative  to  the 
It  was  the  Government  whidi  sale  of  an  office  in  the  Finance 
might  in  their  turn  make  use  of  Department.  He  said,  that  he  had 
that  word.  But  what  was  meant  verified  the  statement  contained  in 
by  the  reforms  demanded?  The  a  memorial  published  by  M.  Petitj 
Government  did  not  consider  an  and  he  owed  it  to  truth  to  declare; 
electoral  reform  better  this  year  that  the  documents  adduced  by 
than  they  did  the  last  But  it  him  existed,  and  that  the  fiu;ta 
had  been  said,  "  Give  us  at  least  were  supported  by  authentic  acts. 

firomises."  For  hie  part,  he  be'  It  appeared  from  them  that,  early 
ieved  promises  more  dangerous  in  November,  1641,  M.  Bertin  de 
than  acts.  To  announce  before-  VauxcalledonM.Petit,andoS'ered 
hand  that  the  law  of  the  country  to  procure  for  him  the  place  of  re- 
would  be  changed,  would  be  to  ferendaiy  of  the  second  class  in  tfad 
make  an  appeal  to  people's  imagi-  Court  of  Accounts,  on  condition 
nations,  and  cause  that  law  to  be  that  he  should  purchase  the  resig- 
suspected.  If  a  wise  and  prudent  nation  of  a  referendary  of  the  first 
Government  thought  that  the  class,  which  the  Government  stood 
electoral  law  was  bad,  it  ought  to  in  need  of  to  satisfy  a  promise 


Frmet.]                          HISTORY.  [209 

made  by  M.  Onizot  to  U.  Paasj.  afhir.  He  did  not  make  that  re- 
in a  few  days  M.  Petit  bronght  the  mark  from  any  idea  of  il inching 
reaignadon  of  M.  Uerout  to  M.  from  the  disousaion,  but  the  acca- 
Gaizot,  having  paid  for  it  a  aum  of  satiouB  and  ineinuatioiis  which  had 
30,00(y.  In  1644,  the  same  M.  been  brought  before  the  Chamber 
Petit  was  again  employed  bj  M.  were  as  he  had  designated  them. 
Qenie,  private  aecretoiy  of  U.  It  was,  perhaps,  thought  that  to 
Ouizot,  to  n^otiate  the  resignation  cover  one  abuse  be  should  reveal 
of  an  office  in  the  same  court  which  others,  and  make  it  a  discussion  of 
H.  Gnizot  wanted  for  a  friend  of  proper  names;  but  he  should  do 
U.  Lacave  Lapl^ne.  M.  Genie  nothing  of  the  sort,  as  he  con- 
had  sent  for  M.  Petit,  and  told  him  sidered  it  would  he  beneath  the 
that  he  could  obtun  the  situation  dignity  of  the  Chamber  and  of  the 
of  ctdlectoT  of  the  taxes  at  Corbeil,  Government, 
if  he  could  procure  the  resignation  H.  £.  de  Girardin  observed, 
of  a  referendary  of  the  second  class  that  the  Minister  did  not  act  with 
in  the  same  court.  H.  Genie  gave  so  much  dignity  when  his  affiiir 
Mm  a  list  of  the  conndUors  of  that  was  under  discussion  last  year, 
court,  and,  in  the  course  of  a  few  The  President  of  the  Council 
days,  he  plaoed  in  the  hands  of  M.  did  not  intend  to  place  on  the  fore- 
Genie  the  resignation  required,  head  of  Government  acatal<^e  of 
This  was  on  the  IQIh  or  11th  of  its  errors  and  of  its  malpractices. 
December,  and  on  the  IStb,  agree-  It  would  be  easy  for  him  to  enter 
ably  to  M.  Genie's  promise,  the  into  a  discussion  with  those  who 
Royal  Ordinances,  appointing  the  thus  interrupted  him,  but  he 
friend  of  M.  Lacave  Laplagne  re-  thought  it  would  not  be  at  all 
ferendaryintheOourtof Accounts,  pleasing  to  the  Chamber.  Hs 
and  U.  Petit  collector  at  Corbeil,  should  come  to  the  fact  itself— to 
were  signed.  That  resignation  had  a  reeignation  given  for  a  sum  of 
cost  H.  Petit  a  aum  of  15,000/'.,  money  with  the  tolerance  and  the 
and  an  engagement  to  pay  the  knowledge  of  the  Government, 
person  who  resigned  that  office  a  That  fact  had  been  often  and  for  a 
penaion  of  6,000/.  per  annum,  one-  long  time  practised  and  tolerated, 
naif  of  which  was  to  revert  to  bis  Others  mi^t  think  proper  to  say 
wife.  M.  Odillon  Barrot,  in  con-  that  they  were  completely  ignorant 
doaion,  declared  that  the  nego-  of  it,  but,  for  his  part,  he  should 
datioD  took  place  in  the  cabinet  of  say  no  such  thing.  The  first  con> 
the  Uimater,  with  or  without  hia  dition  for  the  honour  of  the  Cham- 
knowledge,  and  that,  in  either  case,  her  and  of  the  Government  was 
be  owed  the  country  a  signal  re-  sincerity,  and  it  was  not  at  a  time 
paration  or  a  solemn  expiation.  when  he  rejected  false  aasertiona 

The  President  of  the  Council  that  he  should   depart  from  the 

■ud,  that  amongst  the  facta  which  truth.    The  fact  complained  of  was 

were  just  brought  fonrard  some  of  old  standing;  the  practice  was 

were  ulse  and  others  very  insigni-  known  and  toletated.     In  1645, 

fieaot      Explanationa    would    be  the  Court  of  Bordeaux  declared 

given  by  several  pereons,  and  par-  that  the  practice  was  legal,  and  had 

ticniaiiy  by  U.  Lacave  Laplagne,  nothing  in  it  contrary  to  the  laws 

whose  responsibili^  was  identical  or  to  morality.     He  should  never 

with  that  of  the  Ministry  in  this  regret  to  see  those  old  i^usea  put 

Vol.  XC.  [P] 


210]              ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [France. 

an  end  to — to  find  the  public  con*  bequeathed  to  them.  If  it  did  not 
science  more  tenacious,  and  impose  feel  a  confidence  tiiat  the  labours 
on  the  Administration  new  duties  of  the  Government  were  in  con- 
And  more  elevated  sentiments  of  formitj  with  the  wishes  of  the  tna> 
iehceisy  (approbation);  but  he.  at  jority,  let  it  be  overthrown  at  once, 
the  same  time,  would  be  juat  to-  The  Govemment,  however,  felt 
wards  the  past  aud  the  present,  thai  it  had  a  right  to  inspire  that 
In  such  a  state  of  things,  what  was  confidence  ;  and,  if  it  saw  its  power 
the  conduct  to  be  pnrsued  by  the  weakened  and  lessened  in  ite 
Government?  To  put  an  end  to  hands,  it  would  not  retain  it  for  a, 
the  abusea  which  haa  been  pointed  single  moment, 
sue  to  it.  For  two  jears  past  the  M.  Odillon  Barrot  said,  that 
abuse  complained  of  had  ceased,  aftertfaeapeech whichthejhadjust 
and  such  practices  aa  were  now  heard  from  the  honourable  Minis- 
brought  before  the  Chamber  for-  ter,  the  discussion  could  scarcely 
bidden.  Since  that  time  he  hsd  be  prolonged.  He  had  long  been 
heard  ofa  great  number  of  demands  aware  that  they  could  not  agree 
and  solicitations  of  the  same  uature,  with  regard  to  politics,  bat  he  now 
which  had  all  fallen  to  the  ground,  found  that  they  could  not  do  so  on 
The  Government  had  done  more;  questions  of  honour  and  morality, 
it  had  proposed  to  substitute  a  He  had  brought  forward  facts  in 
formal  law  for  a  doubtfnl  and  un-  such  a  manner,  that  he  believed  it 
certain  system.  The  Bill  would  impossible  for  the  Goremment  to 
be  discussed,  and  might  be  altered  escape  the  altematife  of  either  de. 
if  it  were  considered  not  severe  clariug  them  false,  or  accepting  the 
enoiwh.  What  more  could  be  de-  responsibility  attendant  on  them, 
mauded?  He  should  thus  con-  "  But  no."  said  the  houourable 
aider  the  quesliou  as  terminated,  geatleman.  turning  towards  M. 
He  had  no  right  to  demand  justice  Guizot,  ''you  call  these  foots 
firom  the  Opposition.  Parties  could  insignificant,  —  you,  a  political 
notbe  just  towards  one  another,  or  man,  raised  to  the  Presidency  of 
demand  perfect  impartiality  and  the  Council,  representing  the  Go- 
the  absence  of  all  passion.  What,  vemment  in  ite  highest  degree, 
however,  had  now  taken  place  went  you  dare  to  style  insignificant 
beyond  the  ordinary  limits  of  at-  the  fact  of  having  sought  out  a 
tacks  on  justice  and  on  truth.  He  third  party,  who  would  purchase 
sought  to  express  himself  in  the  the  resignation  of  which  you  stood 
mildest  and  least  offensive  manner,  in  need,  and  of  having  repaid  that 
but  he  could  not  but  repeat  what  third  party  with  a  place  ia  the 
he  had  said.  The  Conservative  Finance.  Such  a  fact  has  taken 
party  ought,  more  than  any  other,  place  in  your  office,  through  the 
to  show  itself  vigilant  in  watching  agency  of  him  who  represents  you, 
over  public  morality,  the  true  basis  and  you  think  no  more  of  it  I  The 
of  public  order.  He  must,  how-  whole  Chamber  has  been  already 
ever,  remind  it  of  one  thing,  that  moved,  not  by  an  act  of  direct 
the  men  whom  it  honoured  with  complicity,  but  by  one  of  simple 
its  confidence  had  received  a  very  tolerance,  and  when  the  act  of 
mingled  inheritance  from  the  past;  complicity,  which  we  nowdenonnce, 
they  had  sought  to  regulate  and  is  accomplished  with  your  coucur- 
purify  that  which  bad  been  thus  reuce,  with  your  approbation,  and 


Franet.] 


HISTORY. 


[211 


even  at  jour  office,  after  the  soleniti 
discasaion  which  had  takea  place 
in  this  Chamber,  after  the  eolema 
engagnmedt  which  that  discussion 
drew  from  you,  what  signifies  the 
Ungoage  which  you  uae  to-day? 
The  engagemenl  which  jou  have 
taken  does  not  doubtless  signify 
that  you  will  not  participate  in  the 
bargain  ;  one  does  not  engage  one* 
self  lo  be  an  honest  man  and  a 
lo/al  Minister.  But  the  membera 
of  the  Court  of  Accounts  who  have 
accepted  these  bargains  have  not 
participated  in  the  pecuniary  sacri- 
fices which  the  movement  has 
caused.  It  is  a  third  party  who 
paid  for  them,  and  that  third  party 
has  been  repaid  with  a  place  which 
should  have  been  the  legitimate 
reward  of  old  and  honourable  ser- 
vices—and yet  these  you  call  in- 
significant facts!  Believe  me, you 
will  require  all  your  moral  force  in 
order  to  withstand  the  trial  that 
awaits  you.  You  intrench  yourself 
in  your  pride:  but,  when  the  Go- 
vernment is  concerned,  set  your 
personal  pride  aside,  for  it  has 
nothing  to  do  here.  Permit  me 
to  tell  JOU  that  you  put  the  ma- 
jority tfl  a  very  cruel  trial.  You 
build  on  the  confidence  you  luia- 
gine  you  inspire;  but  that  con- 
fidence, allow  me  to  tell  jou,  has 
in  it  something  very  insolent.  All 
you  do  is  to  tnra  towards  jour 
majoritj,  and  say,  'Continue  to 
vote  for  me  as  hitherto,  and  all  will 
be  well!'" 

Aa  animated  debate  followed,  in 
the  course  of  which  M.  Thiers,  in 
reply  to  some  remarks  by  M.  de 
Peyramont.  said  that  he  did  not 
deny  that  the  abuse  spoken  of  bad 
eusted  under  several  Administra- 
tions; be  admitted  it  But  what 
he  denied  was,  that  either  he  or 
any  of  hia  colleagues  had  ever  taken 
part  in  such  practices,  or  in  any 


way  miied  themselves  up  vith 
them.  If  any  one  said  tliat  he 
had  ever  taken  part  in  such  nego- 
tiations, he  should  reply  to  him  by 
a  contradiction  as  to  a  base  ca- 
lumiiiat«r. 

Ultimately  M.  de  Peyramont 
proposed  the  following  order  of  the 
day : — '■  The  Chamber,  relying  on 
the  wish  expressed  by  the  Govern- 
ment, and  on  the  efficacy  of  the 
measures  to  he  taken  to  put  an 
end  to  a  long-standing  and  ob- 
jectionable abuse,  passes  to  the 
order  of  the  day." 

M.  Darblaj  proposed  a  third 
order  of  the  day,  as  follows: — 
'■  The  Chamber,  afflicted  and  dis- 
satisfied, closes  the  debate  on  the 
incident,  and  passes  to  the  order 
of  the  day." 

The  President  of  the  Council 
considered  the  order  of  the  day 
proposed  hj  M.  Darblaj  as  implj- 
iug  censure,  and  opposed  it. 

M.  E.  de  Girardin.— The  Pre- 
sident of  the  Council  ought  also  to 
declare  his  opinion  relative  to  the 
order  of  the  daj  of  M.  de  Peyra- 
mont, which  contains  a  blame. 

The  President  of  the  Council. — 
If  M.  de  Peymmontand  his  friends 
attached  to  hia  order  of  the  day  a 
sense  such  as  M.  £.  de  Girardin 
implies,  I  should  rcgect  iC  also. 
But  it  is  evident  to  every  man  of 
common  sense,  from  the  speech  of 
M.  de  Peyramont,  that  he  wishes 
to  express  his  confidence  in  the 
firm  determination  of  the  Govem- 
meni  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of 
a  highly  objectionable  abuse.  That 
not  being  in  any  reiipect  contrary 
to  what  I  liave  said,  I  accept  it. 

The  President— The  Chamber 
will  first  decide  on  the  order  of  the 
day  of  M.  Darblay.  If  it  b  ac- 
cepted, all  is  finished;  but.  if  not, 
I  shall  then  consult  the  Chamber 
on  that  of  M.  de  Peyramont. 

[pa] 


212]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [France. 

The  Chamber  then  proceeded  to  Address  in  tfa«  Chamber  of  Depa- 

vote  on  M.  Darblaj's  order  of  the  ties  closed  on  Saturday  die  S3nd 

day,  when  the  numbers  were —  of  January,  and  on  the  following 

Against  it       .               .     226  Monday  the  debate  on  the  separate 

InitsfiiTour.     ...     146  pft««n>pliB  commenced.      Dunng 

the  discussion  on  the  first  para- 

;y  .    ..                              -Q  graph  an  attack  was  made  upon  the 

Majonty     ....       iv  Ministry  by  M.  Gauthier  de  Ru- 

M.  Barblay's  order  of  the  day  milly,  for  not  having  taken  the 

was  consequently  rejected,  and  that  proper  measures  to  alleviate  the 

of    M.    de   Peyramont   was    than  calamities  of  the  famine  of  last  year, 

adopted  by  a  show  t^  hands.  He  was  followed  by  M.  Cunia  Ori- 

We  may  mention  that  the  same  daine,  the  Minister  of  Agriculture, 
subject  had  beau  previously,  on  who  vindicated  the  GovemmeDt 
the  1 1  th  of  JanuEury,  brought  for-  against  the  charge  of  not  having 
vard  in  the  Chamber  of  Peers  by  tuen  proper  measures  to  avert 
the  Marquis  de  Boisey,  who  said  the  crisis  of  1B46.  In  the  spring 
that  the  Ministry  was  the  object  of  ofthatyeorhe  had  written  to  all  the 
universal  reprobation  and  animad-  prefects,  to  inform  him  regularly 
version,  and  the  same  feeling,  he  of  the  progress  of  the  crops.  Their 
was  sorry  to  say,  was  shared  by  the  appearance  was  at  first  most  re- 
army  and  navy,  who,  not witli stand-  assuring,  but  the  heat,  usually  so 
ing  the  decorations  and  promotions  beneficial,  was  attended  with  the 
lavished  upon  them,  were  deeply  contrary  eSect.  Had  the  Govem- 
afBicted  at  the  deplorable  course  ment  manifested  its  fears  as  early 
pnrsuedbytheGovemment.  Eveiy  as  September,  the  price  of  grain 
person  enjoying  its  confidence  was  would  have  increased  in  all  the 
anobjectof  distmst  to  thecountiy.  principal  markets  and  aggravated 
The  recent  elections  of  the  Na-  the  difficulty  of  procuring  suppliea, 
tional  Ouard  were  a  proof  of  it.  When  the  Minister  published  the 
all  the  Ministerial  candidates  circular  alluded  to  by  M.  de  Bn- 
having  been  defeated.  The  senti-  milly,  it  was  known  that  a  deficit 
ment  of  opposition  in  the  ranks  of  existed,  but  it  was  believed  that 
the  armed  citizens  had  reached  6,000,000  or  7,000,000  of  bectoli- 
Buch  a  pitch  that  the  General-in-  tree  of  foreign  grain  wonld  amply 
Chief  of  the  Kational  Guard  was  compensate  it.  Moat  of  the  other 
afraid  to  station  a  single  legion  on  countries  of  Europe  had  sufiered 
the  passage  of  the  King.  Upon  from  the  crisis,  and  in  England  it 
this  M.  Guizot  rose,  and  admitted  had  produced  more  serious  conae- 
Ihe  abuse  denounced  by  M.  Boissy  quences  than  in  France.  The  de- 
relative  to  the  sale  of  an  ofiice  in  ficit  in  the  revenues  of  Great  Bri- 
ttle Court  of  Accounts.  That  prac-  tain  had  amounted  to  55,000,000^., 
tice,  be  said,  had  eiisted  for  many  while  the  diminution  in  those  of 
years,  and  under  all  prerioos  Ad-  France  did  not  exceed  2,600,000/'. 
ministrations.  The  transaction,  The  Minister,  in  concluding,  de- 
be  regretted  to  say,  was  even  clared,  that  it  was  not  the  pnvi- 
aulhorized  by  the  law.  He  added,  sion  orisis  that  had  brought  about 
however,  that  it  bad  now  ceased  to  the  commercial  crisis,  but  the  agi- 
exist  tation  excited  in  the  country  by 

The  general  discussion  on  the  the  Reform  banquets. 


Fran^.}                          HISTORY.  [213 

The  second  paragraph  related  to  hope  that  that  order  would  not  be 

the  qaeslioa  of  finance,  and  the  com-  moch  disturbed.  The  iimfM,  which 

pletioQof  the  public  works  theuin  in  1647  had  &llen  in  consequence 

Sn^reas ;  and  in  the  conree  of  the  of  the  food  crisis,  would  recover  in 
iecnseiOB  M.  Dumon  drew  a  com-  1848.  There  was  nothing  to  lead 
parison  between  the  financial  situs-  to  a  dread  of  large  extraordinary 
tioB  of  France  and  England,  and  expenses.  Africa  bad  been  paoi- 
said  that  the  latter  had  never  un-  fied  hy  a  glorious  event  which  had 
dertaken  any  great  work  without  jnat  taken  place,  and  the  prospect 
having  recoarse  to  loans  or  extra-  of  the  future  was  ever;  way  cheer" 
ordinary  taxation,  while  France  ing.  Every  confidence  might  be 
during  the  last  ten  yeara  effected  felt  in  the  continuance  of  peace, 
great  undertakings  from  the  ordi-  for  unless  the  Government  felt 
uaryreeourcesof  the  oouDtiy.  The  that  confidence,  itwould  not  engage 
reserves  of  the  sinking  fund  ap-  the  countiy  in  great  public  works, 
peared  to  be  looked  on  as  an  extra-  It  was  not  sufficient  to  maintain 
wdinary  resource,  but  in  fact  they  order,  it  was  necessary  also  to  en- 
made  part  of  the  ordinary  budget  dow  the  country  with  something 
(tf  the  Stale,  and  to  have  recoarse  great  and  durable ;  and  to  do  that, 
to  them  was  to  remain  within  the  it  was  necessary  to  feel  confident 
ordinary  limits  of  their  reeonrces.  of  the  duration  of  peace.  A  com- 
During  the  last  ten  years  enormous  parison  had  been  drawn  between 
works  bad  been  accomplished  ;  the  state  of  railways  in  France  and 
they  had  conquered  and  padfied  other  countries,  and  a  complaint 
Algeria  without  imposing  fresh  made  that  France  was  less  ad- 
tases  or  contracting  a  loan,  and  at  vanced,  while  at  the  same  time  the 
the  end  of  the  last  financial  year  Government  was  accused  of  wasting 
all  the  arreara  had  been  covered  the  public  money.  The  financial 
by  the  ordinary  resources,  and  the  state  of  the  country  did  not  in  any 
budget,  so  to  speak,  brought  into  a  way  compromise  future  great  pub- 
stale  of  equilibrium.  The  Govern-  lie  woiis,  for  there  remained  yet 
ment,  in  establishing  the  budget  of  to  be  ezecnted  to  the  amonnt  of 
1849,  had  endeavoured  to  abstain  1,080,000,000/.  About  half  that 
&om  any  new  expenses,  and  to  sum  had  been  realised,  and  to 
secure  the  receipts  without  increos-  complete  it  560,000,000/'.  would 
ing  the  taxes,  but  also  without  be  taken  from  the  reserves  of  the 
consenting  to  a  reduction  of  taxes  sinking  fund,  which  there  was 
which  would  take  50,000,000/.  every  reason  to  hope  would  be  able 
from  the  Treasury,  which  no  one  in  to  furnish  it.  He  had  been  re- 
his  situation  would  have  dared  to  proaehed  with  contractiDg  a  loan 
do.  As  to  whether  the  budget  without  diminishing  the  floating 
would  remain  in  a  state  of  equi-  debt,  but  to  this  he  shoold  re- 
Hbrium  it  was  impoesible  to  say.  ply  by  quoting  the  example  of 
No  one  could  foresee  two  yeus  England,  who  in  contracting  a 
beforehand  what  extrsbrdinary  loan  had  increased  the  rate  of  in- 
expensea  would  be  called  for;  the  terest  on  Exchequer  bills.  He 
Government  had  done  all  that  lay  should  conclude  by  observing  to 
in  its  power  at  the  present  roo-  certtun  honourable  gentlemen  who 
ment.  It  had  presented  an  even  were  fond  of  asking  what  would 
budget,  and  everything  led  to  the  hqipen  if  political  events  should 


214] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


[France, 


entul  fresh  charges  on  the  State, 
that  on  that  point  the;  might  make 
themselves  perfectly  easy ;  for  what 
was  apprehended  had  happened 
eight  years  since  ;  political  neces- 
sUies  had  compelled  an  interrup- 
tion to  public  works,  but  the  policy 
now  followed  hj  the  Oovemment 
would  never  again  impose  such 
necessity. 

M.  Thiers,  who  followed,  de- 
clared that  he  was  not  reassured 
by  the  financial  exposition  of  M. 
Dumon.  Facts,  unfortunately,  Ultle 
justified  the  illusions  of  the  Minis- 
ter, and,  in  M.  Thiers'  opinion,  if 
a  radical  change  were  not  intro- 
duced into  the  system,  a  cata- 
strophewas inevitable.  Theaverage 
annual  deficit  during  the  lost 
five  years  had  amounted  to  from 
85,000.000/,  to  70.000.000/.  The 
surplus  during  the  same  inten-al 
had  exceeded  30,000,00(1/.,  so  that 
the  annual  deiicit  was  reduced  to 
25,0u0,000/.  The  ordinary  budget 
inspired  him  with  no  apprehen- 
sion, as  the  reserve  of  the  Sink- 
ing fund  was  always  available. 
The  extraordinary  budget,  how* 
ever,  filled  him  vrith  aneosiness. 
Since  1H43,  the  Chambers  had 
voted  1.100,000,000/.  for  public 
works,  which  was  not  all,  for  the 
Government  had  entailed  an  ad- 
ditional expense  on  private  com- 
panies of  between  1.800.000.000/,, 
and  1 .400.000,000/.  more— in  nil 
9,600,000.000/.  The  ordinary 
budget  had  reached  in  1848  the 
enormous  sum  of  l,88si.000,000/'. ; 
the  extraordinaiy  budget  wae 
185,000.000/.,  and  with  the  deficit 
of  60,000.000/  the  whole  of  the 
estimates  would  amount  to  about 
1,600,000.000/.,  a  sum  which  had 
even  been  exceeded  by  59.000,000/. 
in  1847.  Was  the  Minister  of 
Finance  certain  that  that  sum 
would  not  be  exceeded?     He  did 


not  think  so,  and  he  accordingly 
considered  himself  justified  in  say- 
ing that  the  finances  were  ad- 
vancing towards  the  brink  of  an 
abyss.  M.  Thiers  did  not  believe 
that  1848  would  be  the  last  cala- 
mitous year,  and  that  a  new  era 
would  commence  in  1849,  when 
the  reserve  of  the  Sinking  Fund 
would  be  completely  available. 
Abbe  Louis  often  told  him  that  a 
Government  should  always  pay  its 
debts  in  time  of  peace,  in  order  to 
be  able  to  borrow  in  time  of  war. 
The  present  Ministers  reversed 
that  axiom,  and  borrowed  in  time 
of  peace.  M.  Thiers  next  exa- 
mined the  question  of  the  float- 
ing debt,  which  now  amounted  to 
880,000,000/.  He  contended  that, 
at  the  close  of  1B48,  the  public 
works,  executed  and  due,  would 
amount  to  676,000.000/.,  and  that, 
admitting  that  the  loan  would  pro- 
duce 140,000,000/.  on  the  7th  of 
December,  1846,  and  that  the  rail- 
road companies  would  reimburse 
63,000,000/.  in  the  year,  which 
be  did  not  believe,  the  floating 
debt  would  be  increased  to  about 
800.000,000/.,  and  at  the  end  of 
1840  it  would  not  be  under 
700,000.000/.  M.  Thiers  ab- 
stained from  characterizing  such  a 
situation,  aud  contented  himself 
with  observing  that  it  was  highly 
imprudent.  In  conclusion,  he 
again  expressed  his  fear  that  a 
catastrophe  was  impending.  Since 
the  conclusion  of  the  Spanish  mar- 
riages, the  Ministry,  he  said,  could 
no  longer  call  itself  a  Ministry  of 
peace,  and  that  impolitic  act  had 
been  the  real  and  sole  cause  of  the 
present  crisis. 

The  Minister  of  Fitunce  pointed 
out  the  ituucaracy  of  M.  Thiers' 
assertion,  that  the  amount  of  float- 
ing debt  at  the  end  of  1848 
would  be  from   750,000,0iJQ/.  to 


Frame.]  HISTORY.  [215 

800,000,000/'.    That  was  an  error  them,  so  tiiat  it  waa  impossible  for 

into  nliioh  lJi«  honourable  gentle-  an  independeat  deputy  to  obtain  a 

man  could  not  have  fallen  if  be  hearing.     He   concluded    by   de- 

bad  not  assumed  as  expenses  the  daring  that  tbe  Oovemmenl  vas 

credits  which  had  been  opened,  fast  proceeding  towards  a  general 

and  if  be  had  taken  more  into  ac-  monopoly,  which  was,  in  fact,  00* 

GOtint  the  influence  of  the  loan  on  thing  but  pure  commuoism. 
tbe  floating  debt     The  amount  of        On  tbe  3  Ist  of  January,  when  the 

the  credita    opened  for  the  exe-  subject  of  debate  in  tbe  Chamber 

cntion    of    the    works    Toted    by  of  Deputies  was  the  furagraph  re- 

the  Bill   of    1843   amounted   to  lating    to    foreign    Powers,    and 

190,000,000/'.,  which  brought  the  especially  tbe  amirs  of  Italy,  M. 

whole  snm  at  tbe  charge  of  the  Toiers  ascended  the  tribune,  and 

floatingdebttoHl&.OOO.UOl)/'.  But,  delivered  a  long  and  able  speech 

on  the  other  hand,  the  reaonrces  in  favour  of  Italian  independence, 

were  190,000,000/.  from  the  loan,  Tbe  fotlovring  are  a  few  extracts: 

and  20,000,000/.  from  tbe  railway  — "  When  Italy  now  loolw  forth  for 

companies,  which  together  gave  a  bope,  itis  nottoFrancethatshe  di> 

sum  of   810,000,000/'. ;  thus  re*  rects  ber   regards — «  misfortune 

dncing  the  amount  of  the  floating  alikeforherandforiisl  Andthere* 

debt    to   006.000.000/,      It  was,  fore  is  it  that  I  repeat  that  she  ought 

therefore,  with  good  reason  that  be  not  to  be  allowed  to  entertain  any 

had  asserted  that  the  floating  debt  doabt  of  our  feeling  towards  her. 

at  the  end  of  1848  would  not  ex-  Let  me,  however,   before  I  enter 

oeed  630.000,000/'.  on  tbe  question  of  our  policy  to- 

M.  Thiers  repeated  bis  argn-  wards  that  conntry,  devote  a  few 

menta  in  favour  of  the  opinion  that  words  to  the  cause  of  liberty.  Yoa 

tbe  amount  of  the  floatii^  debt  all  know  what  is  passing  at  Pa- 

wonld  be   from   760,000. OOOf.  to  lermo.     A  great  city  has  been  bom- 

600,000,000/'.    nntil   such    period  barded  for  eight-and-forty  bobrs — 

when  the  public  works  were  tsr-  bombarded,  not  by  foreigners,  but 

minated,    and  concluded  thus: —  by   her  own   Government — bom- 

"  Your  sitoation  is  so  much   tbe  barded,  not  for  injuries  done,  but 

more  grave  that  7011  incessantly  for  having  demanded  rights.    Yea, 

are  poetponing  tbe  means  of  extri-  the  inliabitants  demanded,  not  an- 

cating  yourselves  from  it    No  very  archJcal  and  dangerous  liberties. bnt 

extraordinary    circnmstances    are  the  most  equitable  and  most  natural 

required  to  cause  a  Oovemment  to  rights — that  of  being  judged  by  im- 

have  need  of  100,000,000/.      If  partial  magistrates — of  controlling 

to-morrow  yon  were  in  want  of  an  the  expenses  of  an  Administration 

issue  of  100.000,000/.  of  Treasury  which  weighs  them  down  with  taxes 

bonds,  it  would  be  impossible  for  ' — of  baring  certain  municipal  prj- 

you  to  obtain  that  amount."  vileges— in  fine,  they  demanded  a 

In  the  cotirse  of  the  debate  M.  constitution  for  Sicily.     Such  were 

Loneau  was   proceeding  to  read  the  rights   for  demanding  which 

some  passages  from  a  pamphlet,  Palermo  was  subjected  to  a  forty- 

btit  cries  of  "Enough,  enougbt"  eight  hours' bombardment!    In  the 

drowned    his   voice.      Ministers,  name  of  humanity  I  here  denounce 

said  the  honourable  deputy,  had  such  acts.  I  do  not  here  contest  the 

an  army  of  SOO  supporters  behind  rigblsaf  established  Goveraments: 


216]             ANNUAL  REQISTBR,  1848.  [*""«»« 

they  hare  a  right  (o  defend  them-  sublime  ^talors  of  haman  ideas, 

selvea ;   nben  the  aathohties  are  vilhout  anv  odier  complicity  on 

attacked  bj  an  armed  force,  the;  our  part  Uian  the  taking  of  the 

must  naturally  look  to  their  de-  Bastile,  and  the  revolution  of  July 

fence ;  it  is  a  hard  extremity,  but  — nhen  revolution  ahall  develope 

it    must    Bometimes    occur  ;    but  itself  it  is  sacred.  It  is  sacred,  and 

against    ino£FeDBiTe    assemblages,  no  one  should  interfere  with  it; 

when  it  is  only  necessary  to  re-  to  do  so  would  be  an  attack  against 

press  some  innocuous  ciies,  it  is  nature  and  against  humanity.  We 

repugnant  to  all  the  laws  of  hu>  should  not  carry  liberty  into  anj 

manlty  to  have  recourse  to  such  ex-  quarter,  bat  we  ought  not  to  suffer  it 

treme  means.    And  since  in  de-  to  be    molested   when  it    comes 

nouuNng  some  excesses,  nhicb  I  spontaneously.    No ;  France  must 

deplore,    such    lively    sympathies  not  suffer  iL     It  is  the  prindpla 

were   called   forth  in   another  as-  of  our  policy.     You  are  aware  of 

sembly,  you  will  not  remain  sUent  what  took  place  at  Rome  at  the 

and  insensible  in  presence  of  those  time  of  the  nomination  of  the  pre- 

for  which  Italy  groans.  The  noble  sent  Pontiff.    Every  one  expected 

Parliament  of  England,  which  ex-  a  long  conclave,  but  it  only  tasted 

amines,  weighs,  and  judges  eveiy  three  days.     Count  Boasi   is  as- 

matter,  has   well    examined    and  suredly  a  very  clever  man,  but  I 

judged  this  serious  question  ;   we  do  not  think  he  contributed  much 

have  also  a  tribune,  let  us  use  it  to  the  elevation  of  Pius  IX.    How 

in  behalf  of  those  who  have  none,  was  he  elected  ?    By  the  oldest 

There  is  a  moral  equilibrium  to  cardinals,  from  a  sentiment  of  fear, 

maintain.   Yea,  there  are  in  Europe  and  they  named  a  reforming  Fon- 

Absolntist  ideas  and  Libei-al  ideas,  tiff  in  order  to  remove  danger.  At 

The    great  equilibrium  exercises  Florence  and  at  Turin  the  sove- 

these  two  tendencies.     I  mean  no-  reigns  yielded  to  the  seductioiis  of 

thing  offensive  to  any  one.     Let  a  people  whom  they  loved.     One 

those  people  who  like  absolutism  sovereign   alone,   that  of  Nicies, 

live  quietly  beneath  its  yoke  ;  hut  presented  to  the  people,  who  with 

what  we  must  watch  over  is,  that  eagerness  thronged  around  him,  the 

the  just  balance  between  the  two  pomt  of  his  eword,  at  the  risk  of 

lendencies  is  maintained.     Evwy  wounding    himself  with  it     But 

time  that  France  gets  rid  of  an  we  had  nothing  to  do  with  iL    We 

enemy  she  gains  s  friend.     Is  that  are  strangers  to  it  all.     Treaties 

JL  reason  why  we  should  go  vio-  have  been   spoken  of — ^yes,   they 

lently  and   clandestinely   to  give  must  be  observed,  hut  we  cannot 

liberty  to  countries  which  have  it  be  prevented  from  detestit^  them. 

not?     Certainly  not.     To  impose  Others  must  be  made  to  observe 

liberty  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  them.    You  have  not  done  in  Italy 

is  violence;  to  impose  it  by  propa-  what  yon  might  have  done.    Ihave 

gandism  would   be  perfidy.     But  admired   with   what   address  you 

we  have  been  just  towards  others,  have  dissembled  the  real  question. 

Jet  us  be  BO  to  ourselves.     Wheu  llemodelling  of  territory  is  not  the 

liberty  shall  develope  itself  in  any  point  at  issue.     We  do  not  call  on 

quarter,  vrithout  any  other  parti-  you  to  overturn  Italy,  but  to  cause 

cipation  on  our  part  than  Monies-  treaties  to  be  observed.     Why  are 

quieu,    Descartes,    Pascal,    those  the  Austrians  at  Modena?    The 


France.)                            HISTORY.  [217 

trcAtieB  of  1815  forbid  it  Cbuh  if  thej  bad  imitod  togedier  to  stop 
them  to  be  respected.  You  will  the  AustrianB,  vhere  any  danger 
tell  me  tbe  Ituions  will  not  find  would  have  been  ?  England  is 
tbatenougb.  Act  always  for  jour-  popnlac  in  Italy,  beoanae  it  ia 
selves,  for  your  honour  under  pre-  known  that  instead  of  oppotdug 
sent  curcuma tances.  Oive  hope  to  goveimneBtal  modificationa  atie  has 
those  who  ought  to  hope,  ana  in-  always  encontaoed  them.  I  am 
■pire  fiear  in  those  who  ot^ht  to  aware  that  the  Italians  wish  to  go 
apprebend  it.  Doubtless  tlioBe  who  faster  than  is  consistent  with  pni- 
mfler  demand  more,  but  cause  denoe :  bnt  where  does  the  danger 
treaties  to  be  respected,  for  that  lie  under  such  drcomatances?  "^le 
will  be  Bometliing.  At  Turin,  at  danger  is  that  princes  do  net  re- 
Florence,  at  Borne,  where  the  ^e  ooaceaaions,  but  make  them 
people,  I  moat  aay,  are  not  too  ex-  too  late,  or  insufficiently,  and  that 
acting,  why  do  the  aoveraigns  eon-  then  tbe  people,  becoming  impa- 
oede  BO  little?  Because  they  lire  tient,  sfaoald  do  at  Florence  and 
in  fear  of  the  interrention  of  Aus-  at  Borne  what  has  been  done  at 
tria.  It  ia  the  sword  of  Damocles  Palermo.  What  ought  yon  to  do 
suspended  over  Italy.  I  admit  that  in  this  case?  Instead  of  your 
hitherto  liberty  has  been  respected  holding  up  the  prinoea  to  the 
atTurin,  at  Rome,  and  at  Florence,  people  as  enemies,  they  should 
aad  this  fact  constitutes  a  great  be  advised  to  wait,  and  be  aSBured 
danger  (or  Austria.  But  what  is  of  obtaining  the  concessions  which 
the  convention  which  the  Absolute  they  demand.  This  is  what  has 
and  the  Liberal  Governments  have  not  been  done.  The  question  is 
entered  into  ?  It  ia  to  tolerate  veiy  simple.  It  does  not  oonoem 
each  other's  vicinity — we  sofqwrt  the  future  fate  of  Italy,  which  X 
that  of  absolutism,  let  them  sup-  hope  will  bs  prosperous  and  glo- 

rt  that  of  liberty.  Tee,  it  will  nous ;  it  doea  not  relate  to  the  re- 
painful  to  the  Auatrians  to  put  modelling  of  Italy,  to  the  question 
np  with  the  administrative  reforms  ef  territories,  but  to  the  independ- 
ef  die  Italian  States ;  but  she  must  ence  of  the  states  in  their  present 
support  them,  and,  had  it  not  been  limits;  and  that  independence  it  ia 
for  tbe  enonnona  fanlt  which  has  our  duty  to  guarantee,  and  to  pro- 
been  committed,  there  would  have  teot  as  our  own  interest.  If  I  were 
been  two  nations  together  to  make  permitted  to  address  myself  to  the 
her  do  so — I  allude  to  the  ^Mmish  Italians  themselves,  I  should  say 
nuufiaoes.  That  question  is  not  to  them,  '  Be  united,  Tuscans, 
finished;  the  results  are  now  bo-  Homans,  Genoese,  Fiedmonlese, 
ining  to  show  themselves.  Eng-  snd  Neapolitans,  form  yourselves 
id  has  assumed  a  position  whiui  into  one  grest  &mily.  People  and 
advise  you  to  adopt;  she  has  re-  princes  be  united.  The  altar  of 
quired  a  respect  for  the  t«rriloriee  the  oountry  should  be  at  this  mo- 
and  the  prBrogatives  of  Govern-  ment  for  the  whole  of  Italy  the 
menta,  and  added  that,  if  foioe  altftr  of  concord,  on  which  yon 
were  enq>loyed,  shs  could  not  took  princes  should  place  all  that  can 
on  srith  indifierence.  I  ask  you,  no  longer  be  reconciled  with  the 
whether  if  France  and  England  spirit  of  the  age,  and  you  people, 
had  eome  to  an  understanding,  if  all  your  premature  hopes.  Wheu 
they  bad  used  the  same  language,  you  shaU  thus   understand  each 


gini 
unt 


218]  ANNUAL  REGISTEB,  1848.  [Franw. 

other,  be  utiited  atate  to  etate,  have  gain  strength — that  nothiDg  should 

at  Borne  one  Pontiff,  let  Charles  be  compromised  in  Europe,  that  I 

Albert   declare   himself  in    Pied-  have  followed  the  policy  which  is 

mont  the  champion  of  your  inde-  now  attacked.     I  quite  share,  also, 

pendence,  and,  if  you  are  ever  at-  in  the  sentiments  the  honourable 

tacked,  reckon  on  France — whose  gentleman  has  expressed  relative 

glory  is  of  ancient  date,  but  whose  to  what   I   shall  call  useless  ex- 

beart  never  grows  old— on  France,  cesses ;  but  I  must  protest  against 

which  is  neither  abased  nor  dege-  the   employment    of    such   words 

Derated.    She  has  never  degene-  as    he    has    adopted,    as    being 

rated  but  in  the  hands  of  those  neither  useful  nor  suitable  when 

who  have  considered  her  made  in  applied  to  Governments  which  it 

their  own  image.     On   that  day  is  desired  to  recall  to  sentiments 

France  and  England  will  speak  in  of    moderation,     liberalism,    end 

common  ;  they  will  forget  all  their  clemency.     I  have,  also,  to  clear 

disaensioDs  to  utter  together  the  up    a    point    alluded    to    by   the 

language  not  only  of  liberty  and  honourable  gentleman  relative  to 

of  humanity,  but  of  treaties,  and  an  application  made  by  Atistria 

on  that  day  you  will  be  saved.'"  to     the     Cabinets     of    Europe. 

M.  Guizot  then  rose  and  said :  Neither  he  nor  I  can  produce  the 

"  In  U.  Thiers'  speech  there  are  a  despatches    spoken    of.      I    have 

great  variety  of  topics  touched  on*  them  not,  neither  probably  has  he ; 

and  on  many  of  the  most  essential  but  if  I  had  them  in  my  posses- 

we  completely  agree;  when  he  ex-  aion,  I  should  not  conceive  myself 

pressed  his  sympathy  for  Italy,  he  entitled   to    produce   them  here, 

gave  utterance  to  my  sentiments  What  occurred  was,  that  Austria, 

as  well  as  to  his  own.     We  also  preoccupied     with      the      danger 

have  the  pretension  of  knowing  all  which  the  t«rritonal  question  was 

the  services   that  Italy  has    reu-  raising  up  for  her  in  Italy,  ad* 

dered  to  humanity,  and  we  are  dressed  a  note  to  the  European 

happy  in  paying  to  her,  in  that  Governments  to  afBnu  her  right 

respect,   our  share    of    gratitude,  to  maintain  her  Italian  possessions 

But    it   will    not    be    considered  according  to  the  Urms  of  treaties, 

strange  that  we,  occupying  as  we  and  to  demand  their  adhesion  to 

do    the    Ministerial    bench,    are  her    claim.      That  adhesion  was 

obliged   to  render  to  ourselves  a  formally   given    by    the    English 

more  exact  account  of  our  words  Cabinet  as  well  as  by  others.     I 

and  of  our  acU  than  the  honour-  affirm  to  the  Chamber  that  this  is 

able  gentleman  has  occasion  for,  the  sense,  if  not  the  very  words,  of 

when  speaking  with  his  full  liberty  the  despatch.   That  incident  being 

as  a  Deputy.    Were  that  honour*  disposed  of,  I  now  proceed  to  the 

able  gentleman  in  my  place  and  I  main  question  at  present  at  issue, 

in  his,  I  am  certain  that  be  would  M.  Thiers  has  reduced  the  que»- 

be  as  apprehensive  as  I  that  brute  tion  to  two  points:  he  says  that  we 

force — or   call    it   by  its  proper  ought  to  maintain  completely  the 

name,    war — should    step    in    to  independence  of  the  Italian  States, 

trouble  the  work  now  being  ao-  and  to  afford  support  to  those  who 

complished  in   Italy.      It   is    be-  wish  to  encourage  in  these  states 

cause   I   am   as     desirous   as  K.  internal  reforms.     On  these  two 

Thiers  that  these  reforms  should  points  I  am  exactly  of  his  opinion; 


France.]                            HISTORY.  [219 

snd  I  affirm  that  such  is  not  onlr  The  Prmident  of  the  CouacU. — 

our  language  at  present,  but  such  "Neitherdid  we  believethat,  under 

has    been    our    rule    of    conduct  existing     circumstances,    Mod  ens 

throughout.      We    do   not    think  was  equal  to  Rome,  and  that  the 

ouiselves  called  on  to  indicate  of  entrance  of  the  Austrians  into  tbe 

ouiselves,  and  from  here,  to  each  former  state  was  of  the  same  |m- 

Govemment,  what  nature   of  re-  portance  as  their  enti?  into  the 

form,  and  what  degree  of  it,  ought  Papal  States.     I  now  come  to  the 

to  be  proper  to  be  effected.     I  second  point  alluded  to   by  the 

have  for  their  independence  the  honourable  geDtleman.     He  hna 

feeling   of   respect  to   let  them  told  us  to  encourage  reforms.    We 

decide  themselves  what  thej  ought  have  done  so ;  the  proof  of  this  is 

to  do.    I  am  quite  of  opinion,  with  to  be  found  in  the  documents  which 

M.  Thiers,  that  France  ought  to  we    have    communicated    to    the 

watch  carefulljr  over  the  mainte-  Chamber,   and  in  all  our  acts." 

nance  of   that   great   balance  of  The    King's  OoTemment  would, 

power  which    is    becoming  dailj  everywhere  and  always,  maintain 

more  and  more  displaced  to   the  the  independence  of  the  Italian 

frofit  of   the  free   Governments,  states.     There  was  scarcely  any* 

believe  that  every  absolute  Go-  thing  which  M.  Thiers  had  men- 

vemment  which  ceases  ia  a  chance  tioned  but  what  the  Government 

gainedfor  France— I  believe  that  was  ready  to  do.    He  felt  bonud 

every  natorol  attempt  to  recover  to  tell  the  Chamber  that  the  ad- 

libertf  is   of   advantage  to    this  vice    given    by    the    honourable 

country ;    but   only  on  condition  Deputy  had    been  already  acted 

that  such  effort  proves  successful,  upon.     He    might,    perhaps,   bo 

and  that  from  it  issues  a  regular  more  popular  in  Italy;    but  the 

and  dnrable  government.     What  conduct  of  the  Government  in  the 

is  most  dangerous  for  us  is  fruit-  Italian  states  has  been,  on  every 

less,  nnsuccwsful  attempts.   What  point,  in  confonnity  to  the  true 

was  there  ever  of  greater  nullit;  interests  of  the  country  and  tiiose 

for  Italy  than  the  revolutions  of  of  humanity. 

IdSOand  18Q1 — those  ill-digested.  In  discussing  the  paragraph  of 

badly-executed  acts?      I  want  to  the  address  relating  to  the  affairs 

see  efficient  movements  only,  for  of    Switzerland,    M.    Thiers  said 

hj  such  only  can   her  independ-  that  he  would  examine  the  ques- 

ence  be  assured."  tion  with  ell  the   moderation  he 

The  President  of  the  Council  could  command,  and  he  would  de- 
then  quot«d  what  M.  Thiers  him-  serve  much  merit  in  doing  so,  for 
self  said  in  a  pamphlet,  published  no  act  of  the  Cabinet  had  filled 
in  1831.  "TheGovemmentought  him  with  more  irritation  than  its 
to  call  on  the  Austrians  to  with-  conduct  towards  Switzerland.  The 
draw;  but  to  intervene,  in  order  Ministry  viewed,  in  the  triumph 
to  obtain  that  result,  would  be  a  of  tbe  Swiss  Government,  the  Ui- 
grave  matter,  which  m^ht  lead  to  umph  of  tbe  Radicals  and  the  pre- 
war. France  risked  it  for  Bel-  lude  of  fresh  disorders  and  anarchy. 
gum :  but  she  ought  not  to  do  so  U.  Thiers,  on  the  contrary,  saw  in 
r  Modena  and  Bologna."  the  present  situation  of  Switser. 

M.  Thiers. — You  have  not  then  land,  tbe  revolution  and  the  coun- 

advanced  a  step  for  17  years.  ter-revolution ;    and    the    Frenah 


220]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.  [*•««-■ 

Oovemment,  he  wai  son;  to  find,  redouble  iaj  v^Iuioe  against  his 

had  espoused  the  cause  of  the  lat-  deteetable  policy."    He  would  not 

ter.      He  then    referred    to    the  follow  him  in  his  historical  disqtii- 

events    accomplished    in    Switzer-  sition,  nor  indulge  in  recriminar 

land    durius  the    last    60    years,  tion,  but  would  at  once  proceed  to 

and  oontenaed  that  the  Treaty  of  examine  the  right  of  the  Powers, 

Vienna    did     not    authorize    the  parties  to  the  treaties  of  1810,  to 

Powers  of  Europe,  parties  thereto,  interfere  in  the  question  of  the  re- 

to  interfere  with  the  Federal  Pact  Tision  of  the  Federal  Pact,  which 

Those  Powers,  in  concluding  that  was  contested  by  M.  Thiers.   Ttiia 

treaty,  had  merely  wished  to  esta-  was  an  error,  and  a  fundamental 

blish  the    neutrality  of    Bwitzer-  one.     On  the  6th  of  April,  1814, 

land,  and  ensure   her  territorial  the    Diet    deliberated    with    the 

integrity.     Austria  alone  asserted  envoys  of  Austria,    Frusaia,   and 

that  Switzerland  had  not  the  right  Russia,   on   the   draught  of   the 

to  modify  the  Pact  without  the  Federal  Constitntion,  and,  on  the 

oonsent  of  the  Powers,  and  France  18th  of  June,  France  joined  the 

had  at  all  times  entertained  the  conference.      The  article   of   the 

contrary  opinion.     M.  Thiers  then  ConTOntion    of    Paris     positively 

proceeded  to  justify  the  aggressions  stated  that  France  reoognieed  and 

committed  by  the  m^ority  of  the  would  guarantee  the  politicBl  con- 

oantons  against  the  minority,  and  stitotion    of  Switzerland,  and  au- 

stated  that  these  intended  not  only  thority  had  been  given  to  all  the 

to  maintain  the  Jesuits,  but  to  im-  delegates  of  those  powers  to  la- 

pose  them  on  the  other  cantons  of  bonr  in  conjunction  with  the  Diet 

the  Confederation ;  he  then  vindi-  to  frame  that  constitution.    France, 

cated  the  conquerors  against  the  consequently,  had  a  right  to  in- 

chargea  of  exaction   and  oppree-  quire  into  the  events  now  passing 

sion,  and  described  their  conduct  in  the  country.     M.   Ouizot  next 

as     perfectly    legal,   mond,    and  cited  passages  from  a  number  of 

moderate-  documents  to  prove  diat  it  was 

M.   Guizot  replied  in  a  most  the  cause  of  liberty  he  had   de- 

efTective  speech.     Be  said,  that  if  fended  in  Switzerland.    Be  then 

the  policy  adopted  by  the  Cabinet  described    the    state   of   anarchy 

towards    Switzerland    had   caused  which    now   prevailed   there,  and 

M..  Thiers  much  irritation,  he  had,  asked  if  that  was  the  liberty  de- 

in  his  turn,  ekperienced  consider-  sired  by  M.  Thiers.   There  existed, 

able  pain  in  listening  to  the  speech  he  said,  no  stru(^le  ia   Switzer- 

of  the  honourable  Member,   and  land  between  the  revolution  and 

could  not  help  regretting  that  so  counter-revotutioD,  any  mofe  than 

eminent  a  man  should  suffer  him-  in  France ;  but  there  was  in  both 

self  to  be  so  blinded  by  passion,  countries  a  strife  of  the  partisans 

The  more  he   reflected    on    the  of  disorder  against  regular  Oovem- 

opinions  expressed  by  M.  Thiers,  ments.     Under  the  inflnenoe  of  a 

the  more  he  deplored  the  situation  party  devoid  of  all  morality,  Swit- 

in  which  he  bad  placed  himself,  serland  mast  become  a  focus  of 

"  It  has,"  exclaimed  M.  Guizot,  disorder,  and  a  refoge  for  all  the 

"  inspired    no    irritation    in    me  discontent«d  of  the  neighbouring 

against    U.  Thiers;    but    it   will  nations.      M.  Thiers,    at  another 

have  the  effect  <rf  inducing  me  to  period,  had  held  in  his  despatches 


Franc.]                         HISTORY.  [221 

precisely  the  eame  Ungni^e  he  law  in  order  to  preTent  siniilu 
[ii.  Guizot)  held  at  that  moment ;  demonstrations.  U.  de  UallevilU 
and  to  demonstiate  it,  he  qnoted  here  observed  that  he  recc^nised 
despatches,  daUd  1SS6,  writt«n  by  the  right  of  the  Ooremment  to 
il.  Thiera,  which  folly  bore  out  prohibit  those  r^utiMms  in  pobliA 
his  etatemmt.  [M.  Thiers  hero  places,  but  he  oonU  not  grant  it 
interrupted  M.  Guizot,  and  said  as  respected  pri*at«  houses.  The 
that  circumstances  were  not  the  Uinistor  of  the  Interior  thanked 
same,  and  that,  in  all  cases,  he  his  opponent  for  that  concession, 
had  not  applied  to  U.  Mett«mich,  and  maintained  that  the  moment 
but  acted  alone.]  M.  Guizot  re-  an  appeal  was  addressed  to  the 
plied,  that  circumstances  were  at  public,  and  that  the  dinner  was 
present  far  more  serions  than  in  gi*en  bj  subscription,  the  Qorem- 
1836;  that  it  was  the  same  anar-  ment  was  justified  in  preventing 
chical  spirit  which  had  then  fiuled  it,  were  it  even  to  take  place  in  a 
to  oTerthrow  regular  Oovemments  private  establishment.  The  Mi- 
that  again  raised  its  head  with  re-  niatei  then  proceeded  to  describe 
doubled  fiiry.  the  danger  to  public  order  attend- 
After  an  animated  debate,  the  ing  such  tivmona,  which  be  oom- 
paragnph  of  the  Address,  which  pared  to  the  clubs  of  the  Frenah 
had  been  warmly  contested,  was  nevolution. 
voted  by  a  considerable  mqiority.  These  statements  by  M.  Dn- 
On  a  scrutiny  there  appeared —  ch&tel  oocasioned  great  uproar  and 
confusion  in  the  Chamber,  and  ft 
For  the  paragraph  .  .  S06  voice  shouted  out  "  C  tit  Charin 
Against  it  ....  12S  U  Due  teat  pur."  M.  Cr^mieux 
'  exclaimed,  amidst  loud  applanse, 
H^oritf  for Ministera  80  "There  is  blood  in  it!"  and  M. 
Odillon  Barrot  told  tb«  Hinista^ 
Kest  followed  a  debate  on  the  that  the  moment  was  dangerous, 
paiagraph  referring  to  the  Reform  and  that  they  might  prepare  for 
Banquets,  to  which  subsequent  revolution, 
events  gave  an  interest  and  im-  Onthelthof  February  thepsra- 
portance  which  it  would  not  others  graph  relatiTe  to  Poland  gave  rise 
wise  have  possessed.  M.  de  Mai-  to  an  animated  debate.  M.Larabst 
lerille  contended  that  the  citizens  hoped  that  it  would  be  unanimoosty 
were  legally  entitled  to  hold  such  voted.  M.  Vavin  expressed  his 
meetings,  and  that  no  court  of  warm  sympathy  for  the  Polish 
justice  in  France  would  sanction  cause,  and  bkmed  the  Ministry 
the  pretensions  of  the  Ministry  to  for  prohibiting  a  banquet  which 
prolubit  them,  founded  on  the  law  was  to  have  been  lately  offered  to 
of  1700.  The  Minister  of  the  In-  Prince  Czartoi^ski.  M.  Salrandy 
tenor  rose  to  reply  to  M.  de  Malle-  contended  that  the  Poles  received  a 
ville,  and  said  that  he  wondered  at  generous  hospitality  in  France, 
his  questioning  the  l^ality  of  the  and  that  a  sum  of  l,500,000f.  was 
course  pursued  by  £e  Cabinet,  annually  divided  amongst  the  emi- 
when  he  himself,  as  Under-Secre-  grants  vrfao  needed  assistance.  M. 
tary  of  Sute  of  the  Ministry  of  the  L'Herbette  asked  M.  Guizot  if  a 
Interior,  in  the  Administration  of  Russian  subject  had  not  been  re- 
M,  Thiers,  had  iuvoked  the  same  cently  eipeUed  from  France  for 


222]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848.  [F'onc. 

proDOuaoing  a  speech  hostile  to  A  long  snd  vehement  diecuBsion 
the  Emperor  Nicholas.  IJ.  Gui-  took  place  upon  the  paragraph 
zot  replied  that  the  banquet  at  vbich  attacked  the  Reform  demon- 
which  the  speech  had  been  da-  stratious  throughout  the  couutiy, 
livered  bad  been  permitted  b;  the  and  eapeciall;  upon  the  propriety 
Government,  and  that  that  cJr-  of  the  sentence  stating  that  "  the 
cumstance  had  aggravated  the  of-  agitation  excited  b;  hostile  pas- 
fence  of  the  speaker.  After  a  few  sions,  or  by  blind  delusion,  will 
vords  from  MM.  L'Herbette  and  give  way  before  the  reason  of  the 
Ohambolle,  the  paragraph  was  public,  enlightened  by  our  free 
voted.  diBCUBsioas." 

On  the  following  day,  while  the  In  the  course  of  the  debate  the 

paragraph  relating  to  Algeria  was  Minister    of   the    Interior  again 

under   discussion,    Marshal    Bu-  spoke  against  the  Beform.banque>a, 

geaud  said,  that  the  submiasion  of  declaring  that  they  'nere  illegal, 

Abd-el-Kader  was  a  new  guarantee  and  that  the  Government  bad  de- 

in    favour   of   the   African    pos-  termined  that  no  more  meetings 

aeuions  of  France ;  but  be  was,  of  that  kind  should  lake  place, 

nevertheless,  of  opinion  that  the  Upon  this  M.  Odillon  Barrot 

army  should  be  reduced  aa  litile  exclaimed,  "  You  are  worse  than 

as  possible  in  presence  of  a  warlike  Polignac  and  Perronet!" 

popalation  of  at  least  4,0llU,000  Atremendoussceneofuproarnow 

souls,  who  could,  in  six  weeks,  ensued.   The  Ministerial  Members 

turn  into  the  field  between  000,000  would  not  hear  any  more  speeches, 

and  600,000  combatants.  and  the  Oppoaition  quitting  their 

General  Lamoriciere  vindicated  seate,  the  President  pronounced 
the  Due  d'Aumale  against  the  the  discussion  to  be  at  an  end, 
charge  of  levity  which  had  been  amidst  much  confusion,  and  mu- 
directed  against  him  on  the  occa^  tual  recrimination, 
sion  of  the  submission  of  Abd-el-  Ultimately,  however,  the  Oppo- 
Kader,  and  contended  that  any  sition.  as  a  body,  refused  to  vote 
other  general  in  his  place  would  at  all,  and  the  paragraph  was  car- 
have  acted  as  be  did.  ried  by  a  majority  of  305.     The 

M.  Guizot,  having  been  asked  numbers  were^ 
by  M.  Laroch^aquelin  what  the 

Government  intended  to  do  with  For  the  paragraph  .     .     S33 

Uie  Emir,  replied — "  The  promise  Against  it      ....      18 
made  to   bim   shall    be   tulfilled. 

We  cannot,  however,  allow  him  to  Next  day  (Feb.  19)  the  follow- 

proceed    to   St.   Jean  d'Acre,  be-  ing  amendment  was  moved,  by  M. 

cause  that  fortress  belongs  to  the  Sallandrouze,  to  the  lest  paragraph 

Porte,  which    has  not  yet  recog-  of  the  Address  i — 

nised  our  African  possessious.     If  "Amidst  those  different  mani- 

Abd-el-Kader  wishes    to   be  con-  festations.  your  Government  will 

veyed  to  the  East,  he  shall  be  con-  discriminate  the    real   and  legiti- 

ducted  to  Alexandria.     There,  if  mate  wishes  of  the  country.     It 

the    Viceroy   consents   to   receive  will,  we  trust,  assume  the  initiative 

him,  we  will  find  guarantees  and  of  the  wise  and  moderate  reforms 

securities,  which  St.  Jean  dAcre  claimed  by  public  opinion,  amongst 

does  not  offer."  which  Parliamentary  reform  holds 


Fnmes.]  HISTORY.  [223 

tlie  first  place.    In  a  constitDtional  ferant  fracdons  vhicli  oompoBed  it. 

Moturcby  the  union  of  the  great  He  said,  howoTer,  that  the  ques- 

powers  of  the  Slate  enables  tbe  tion  Bfaould  be  carefully  examined 

GoTenment    to    pursoe,    without  during   the    present    Farli&ment, 

danger,  a  policy  of  prepress,  and  and  declared  that,  if  amtngements 

to  satisfy  ail  the  moral  and  mate-  among  the  Conserrativea  were  not 

rial  interests  of  the  country."  successful,     the     Cabinet    would 

He  said,  that  it  was  not  enough  leave  to  others  the  care  of  pre- 

to  prohibit  banquets,  it  was  like-  siding  over  the  disoi^aoization  of 

wise  indispensable  to  remove  their  the    party   and    the    ruin  of   its 

cause,  by  granting  certain  reforms  policy. 

demanded  by  all  parties.     It  was  -   M.  Thiers  then  rose  and  said, 

evident  that  something  should  be  that  the  Chamber  had  not  asked 

done ;  and,  if  the  Government  was  for  the  promise  of  a  discussion  ; 

really  anxious  to  save  the  country  that  it  could  have  without  leave. 

from  anarchical  doctrines,  it  had  The    question  was,  what  is  the 

it  in  its  power  still  te  accomplish,  opinion   of  the  mffjority  on  the 

with  dignity,  and  within  the  limits  two   questions   of   Parliamentary 

it  might  deem  ext)edient,  the  bene-  and  Electoral  Heform  ?    As  to  the 

ficial  measure  claimed  by  public  first  branch,  all  were  agreed  that 

opinion.     Should  it  hesitate  much  two  hundred  employ^  ought  not  to 

longer,  it  might  be  compelled,  by  sit    in    the    Chamber,      On    the 

circumstances,  to  make  deplorable  second  branch  all  too  were  agreed, 

concessions.    M.  Goulard,  who  fol-  except  the  Government,  which  vas 

lowed,  said  that  the  moment  was  divided.    On  a  question  which  agi- 

inopportune  for  Parliamentary  re-  tated  France    from    one  end  to 

form.    He  proceeded,  amidst  the  the  other,  the  Government  had  no 

murmurs  of  the  Opposition,  to  vin-  fixed  opinion,  but  was  obliged  to 

dicate  theexistingelectorallaw,aDd  take  its  opinions  from  the  Oppo- 

Gontended  that  the  Chamber  could  sition,  whose  ideas  M.  Guizot  pre- 

not  alter  it  without  committing  tended  to  despise.    The  success  of 

suicide.    M.  Glapier,  in  the  name  the   measure   he    was,    however, 

of  part  of  the  Conservative  parly,  happy  to  say  vras  certain,  and  it 

demanded  that  a  Bill  for  Farlia-  was  now  a  mere  question  of  time. 

mentaiy  reform  be  presented  thia  M.    Guizot   repeated    his   former 

year.    M.  de  Momy,  another  Con-  declaration,  and  was  succeeded  by 

servative  Member,  after  indulging  M.  Blanqui.  who  protested  against 

in  some  attacks  against  the  Op-  the  distinction  dravm  by  M.  Guizot 

position,   declared  that  he  would  between  the  two  parties  into  which 

cease  to  support  the  Ministry  if  the  Conservative  majority  was  di- 

it  did  not  brmg  forward  such  a  law  vided,  one  of  which  he  had  called 

next  Session.    M.  Guizot  then  rose  truly  Conservative,  and  the  other 

and  said,  that  the  Cabinet  would  hostile.  M.d'Arblay.whofollowed, 

do    nothing    this    year.     In    the  observed  that  M.  Guizot  had  made 

meantime,  he  refused  to  make  any  a    similar   promise   last   Session. 

promise  for  the  future,  but  added  After  a  few  words  from  M.   R6> 

that  he  and  his  colleagues  would  musat,  the  discussion  was  closed, 

exert  themselves  in  the  interest  of  and  the  amendment  of  M.  Saltan- 

the  Conservative  party,  to  reunite,  drouze  was  rejected  by  a  nugorin- 

17  a  common  compromise,  the  d if-  of  333  to  189.     The  entire  Ad- 


224]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  IFrmet. 

dresa  nm  afterwards  adopted  by  tons  must  promise  vb  to  lend  t 

341  to  3,  tbe  OppoBition  still  ab-  firm  Bupport  to  all  those  who  do  not 

itaining  froto  yotiiig.  wish  tbese  discussiona  to  remain 

As  a  Bjmptom  of  what  was  pass-  onfruitful.     We   have  anired   at 

ing  in  men  s  tninda  at  this  limoi  one  of  those  moments  in  which  to 

we  transmbe  a  passage  that  ^  defend  the  Uberty  of  one's  country 

peared  in  the  oolumns  of  the  Na-  is  to  defend  one's  honour.     Paris, 

tional,   the   editor    of  whioh,  M.  it'hich  effected  the   revolution  of 

Armand  Mairast,  was  afterwarda,  July,  in  order  to  reabt  Boyid  ordi- 

fbr  a  considerable  period,  PresI-  nanoes,  will  not  allow  her  rights 

dent  of  the   Nadonal   Assembly,  to  be  confiscated  by  a  decree  of  the 

and  one  of  the  most  aotive  pro-  police.    When  force  is  beyond  Ae 

noters  end  supporters  of  the  Re^  pole  of  the  law,  it  is  no  longer 

pnblio.  anything  but  violence;   and  vio- 

"  The  contest  of  words  must  bs  lence  has  always  entailed  misfor- 

.  tnnsformed  into  one  of  aetions;  tunea   on    those  who    have   em- 

aihitrary  power  mnst  be  faced  by  ployed  it." 
right  and  by  courage ;  good  oiti- 


b,GoogIc 


HISTORY. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Meetmff  of  thg  Oppontion  Member* — Armauneement  of  a  Befonn 
Banquet  at  Paris— The  National  Ovardt  ealUd  upon  to  appear  in 
uniform — Prohilrition  of  the  Banquet  by  Minitten — /(  m  given  up  by 
the  Oppotititm — Addreu  by  Qmeral  Jacqueminot  to  the  National 
Ovarde — Act  of  Impeachment  of  Minittert — Ditturbed  elate  of  Parte 
— Eeti^nation  of  M.  Ouiaot  and  kit  ColUayue» — ColUeione  between 
the  popuieu:e  and  the  military — Joy  of  the  mob  at  the  dotmfaU  of  the 
Minittry — LameTttable  ijtcident  at  the  Hotel  of  the  Miniiter  dee 
Affaire*  Etrangirei — Cruel  etratagem  of  Lagrange  and  the  BeptAlican* 
— It*  momentout  Contequence* — Barricades  erected  on  the  morning  of 
the  24tA  of  FAruary — Count  MoU  i*  unable  to  form  a  Minietry — 
if.  Thiere  tent  for  by  the  King — ProeUtmatian  by  M.  Thiert  and  M. 
Odillon  Barrot—The  mob  tJireatent  tke  TuiUries — The  National 
Quarde  and  troop*  of  the  line  offer  no  reiitlance — Abdication  of  Louii 
Philippe — Terrible  teene  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies — The  Duehe**  of 
Orleatu  and  the  young  Prince*  enter  the  Chamber — Irruption  of  the 
fflo6 — Demand  of  a  Provisional  Government  by  M.  Marie — Speech  <^ 
M.  Odillon  Barrot — Speeches  of  M.  Ledrv,  ItelUn  and  M.  de  Lamar' 
tin* — The  mob  maeter*  of  the  Chamber — Nomination  of  a  Provitional 
Qotemment — "To  theHStelde  YiUe!" — Scene  of  tumuUuov*  violence 
in  the  Chamber — Proclamation  of  the  Repobuo  at  the  HGtd  de  Ville 
— Sanguinary  contest  at  the  Palais  Royal—  Escape  of  Lout*  Philippe 
and  the  Roy^  FamUy — The  ex-King  and  Queen  arrive  in  England-^ 
Farewell  Addreu  by  the  Due  d'Aumale  to  the  Army  in  Algeria — The 
TuiUrie*  in  the  hand*  of  the  mob— Proclamation*  of  the  Provieional 
OovemmerU—Dietriiuiion  of  office* — All  vesliye*  of  Monarchy  swept 
away — Abolition  of  title*  of  nobility — Reipeet  shown  for  private  pro- 
perty in  Parie — Devastation*  in  the  provinces — Appointment  of  Barbie 
a*  Colonel  in  the  National  Ouard — The  Populace  and  the  Clergy — 
Clamour* for  the  "Red  Repiiblie  "  at  the  Httel  de  VUU — Courageous 
firmne**  <^  M.  de  Lamartine — Official  Proclamation  of  the  Bepf^lic— 
Wa*  France  republican  at  heart? — Dtcree  convoking  a  Cotutiluent 
National  Assembly — M.  de  Lamartine  and  the  Foreign  Policy  of  the 
New  Government — Hi*  Manifesto  to  Europe — Alarming  Circular* 
i»tued  by  M.  Ledru  RolUn  and  M.  Camot— Their  Doctrine*  disclaimed 
by  the  Provieional  Oovemment — Quarrel  between  the  National  Guard 
and  the  Oovemment — The  former  obliged  to  give  way — Appointment 
of  a  Committee  of  Labour  for  the  Operatives — National  Workthop* 
{atelier»)e*tdbliihed — HoitHityto  Englith  Workmen — Regulation*  for 

Vol.  XC  [Q] 


226]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Fr«n«. 

payment  of  Taxet — FtTianciai  potition  of  the  Republie — Suspetuum  of 
Cath  Payments  by  the  Bank  of  France,  and  by  Banks  in  the  pro- 
vinces—Louu  Blane'i  plan  for  the  Organization  of  Labour The  Com- 

muniiti  or  Socialittt — Disturbance  created  by  them  on  the  Ifith  of 
ApiU— Election  of  Deputies  for  the  National  Assembly —Biota  in 
various  placet — Views  of  the  extrente  Democrats. 

THE  Ifinistty  having  gained  fore,  determined  to  prohibit  the 
their  doubtful  triumph  in  the  banquet,  and,  on  the  evening  of 
Chamber,  a  large  meeting  of  the  Monday  the  Slst,  the  foUoning 
MemberB  of  the  Opposition  took  proclamation  was  issued  and  posted 
place  on  the  following  day.  to  con-  on  the  walls  in  different  ports  of 
aider  what  course  of  policy  they  the  city ; — 
should  adopt.  The  twelfth  arron-  .  . 
dissement  of  Paris  had  at  the  be-  "  ^"mianj,— 
gituing  of  the  year  determined  to  "  The  Government  had  inter- 
celebrate  a  Beform  Banquet  on  the  dieted  the  banquet  of  the  liith 
19th  of  Jauuair;  but  in  conse-  arrondissement.  It  was  within  its 
quenceof  opposition  from  the  au-  right  in  doing  this,  being  authorized 
thorities  it  was  from  time  to  time  by  the  letter  aod  spirit  of  the  law. 
postponed,  and  it  was  ultimately  Neverthalesa,  in  consequence  of 
fixed  that  it  should  take  place  on  tlte  diseusaion  which  took  place  in 
Tuesday,  the  22nd  of  February,  the  Chamber  on  this  subject,  think- 
The  intention  of  the  Government  ing  that  the  Opposition  was  acting 
was  not  to  pravent  the  banquet  by  vrith  good  faith,  it  resolved  to 
force,  but  protest  against  the  pro-  afford  it  an  opportunity  for  sub- 
ceediugs,  and  afterwards  try  the  mitting  the  question  of  the  legali^ 
question  of  their  legalil^  in  a  court  of  banquets  to  the  appreciation  of 
of  law.  The  Committee,  how-  the  tribunals  and  the  High  Court 
ever,  appointed  to  organize  the  of  Cassation.  To  do  this,  it  had 
public  dmner,  issued  on  Sunday  resolved  to  authorize  for  to-morrow 
the  QOth  an  announcement,  in  tb6  entrance  into  the  banquet-room, 
which  they  prescribed  the  mode  in  hoping  that  the  persons  present  at 
which  the  parties  intending  to  be  the  manifestation  would  have  the 
present  were  to  assemble  and  pro-  vrisdom  to  retire  at  the  first  sum- 
ceed  in  procession  along  the  streets  mons.  But,  after  the  manifesto 
to  the  banquet.  At  the  same  time,  published  thia  morning,  calling 
the  National  Guards  were  called  the  public  to  a  manifestation,  oon- 
upon  to  attend  in  uniform  "for  the  vokii^  the  National  Guards,  and 
purpose  of  defending  liberty,  bv  assigning  them  a  place  ranked  by 
joining  the  demonstration,  and  the  legions,  and  ran^ng  them  in 
protecting  order  and  preventing  line,  a  Government  is  raised  in 
all  collision  by  their  presence."  opposition  to  the  real  Government, 
This  was  clearly  an  illegal  step —  usurps  the  public  power,  and  openly 
for  it  was  the  attempt  of  a  number  violates  the  ChaJter.  These  are 
of  private  individutus  to  usurp  the  acts  which  the  Government  cannot 
Ainctions  of  the  Executive,  and  by  tolerate.  In  consequence,  the 
their  own  authority  efiect  a  die-  banquetof  the  IStharrendissement 
pl^  of  military  force  in  tiie  streets  will  not  take  place.  Parisians! 
of  Paris.    The  Government,  there-  renitdn  deaf  to  every  excitement  to 


Fnww]                    HISTORY.  [227 

disorder.    Do  not,  hy  tumnltuous  having  betrayed  abroad  the  honour 

assemblages,  afford  grounds  for  a  and  the  interest  of  France.     2.  Of 

repression  which  the  Government  having  falsified  the  principles  of 

vould  deplore."  the  conatitntion,  violated  the  gua- 

On  the  appearance  of  this  pro-  rantees  of  libertj,  and  attacked  the 

clamation  a  meeting  of  the  opposi-  rights  of  the  people.     3.  Ofhav- 

tioa    Deputies   was  held    at  the  ing,  L^r  a  sj^tematic  corruption, at- 

house  of  M.  Odillon  Barrot,  and  tempted  to  substitute  for  the  free 

it  vae    resolved  to  abandon  ^e  expression   of  public  opinion  the 

banquet — Placards  were  posted  on  calculations  of  private  interest,  and 

the  walls,  announcing  their  deter-  thas  perverted  the  representative 

aaination,  and  hopes  were  enter-  government.  4.  Of  having  trufficked 

tAined  by  the  Ministry  that  no  dis-  for  ministerial  purposes  in  public 

turbance  would  take  place.     In  the  offices,  as  well  as  in  all  the  preroga- 

order  of  the  day  issued  by  General  tives  and  privileges  of  power.     5. 

Jacqueminot,   Commander-in-chief  Of  having,  in  the  same  interest, 

of  the  National  Guards,  he  said:—  wasted  the  finances  of  the  State, 

"Fewamong  you,  without  doubt,  and  thas  compromised  the  forces 

are  disposed  to  allow  yourselves  to  and  the  grandenr  of  the  kingdom, 

be  led  to  a  culpable  step:  but  I  6.  Of  having  violently  despoiled 

wish  to  spare  them  the  error  and  the  citizens  of  a  right  inherent  to 

the  regret  of  showing  their  small  every  free  coustitotion,  and  the 

numberamongthe66,000 National  exercise  of  which  had  been  gna- 

Guards  of  which  your  legions  are  ranteed  to  them  by  the  charter,  by 

composed.     It  is,  then,    in  the  the  laws,  and  by  former  prece- 

name  of  the  law  that  I  conjure  rou  dents.    T.  Of  having,  in  fine,  by  a 

not  to  disappoint  the  confidence  of  policy  overtly  counter-re  vol  ution- 

the  conntn',  which  has  confided  to  ary,  placed  in  qaestion  all  the  con- 

youthedefenceoftheconstitutional  quests  of  our  two  revolutions,  and 

royalty  and  legal  order.     You  will  throvm  thecountryintoaprofound 

not  refuse  to  listen  to  the  voice  of  ^tation." 

your  Commander-in-chief,  who  has  The    President,    however,    M. 

never  deceived  you.    I  rely  on  your  Sauzet,    abruptly    at^onmed    the 

prudence  and  patriotism,  as  yon  Chamber    without   reading     the 

may  always  rely  upon  my  probity  paper, 

and  devotedness."  In    the    meantime    vast    and 

On  the  following  day  (Tuesday,  tumultuous  crowds  were  filling  the 

SSnd),  the  attendance  of  Members  streets  of  Paris,   and   it  became 

in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  was  more  and  more  difficult  to  prevent 

scanty,  and  a  languid  debate  on  a  a  collision  between  them  and  the 

bill  relative  to  the  Bank  of  Bor-  military.    In  the  Kue  St.  Florentin 

deanxvrasproceediDtr,  when  about  and  the  Bne  Marche  St.  Hoiior£, 

five  o'clock  M.  OdilToa  Barrot  ad-  attempts  were  made  to  erect  bar- 

vanced  to  the  table  and  laid  upon  ricades,  but  the  troops  tore  down 

it  an  act  of  impeachment  of  Minis-  and  removed  the  matfirials,  and 

ters,  signed  by  filly-three  Members  di^rsed  the  mob. 

of  the  Opposition.    It  was  drawn  The  aspect  of  affturs,  however, 

np  in  the  loUowing  terms : —  had  now  become  most  serious,  and 

"We  propose  to  place  the  Minis-  when  the  Chamber  of  Deputies 

ter  in  accoBation  as  guilty— 1.  Of  met  on  Wednesday  the  28rd,  >" 
[Q2J 


228]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Fr^ce- 

miBwer  to  some  questions  pat  b;  uewe  spread  through   Pans  tiM 

M.  Vavin,   M.  Guizot    rose  and  the  Ministry  had  resigned.     This 

announced  .  the      resignation    of  vae  received  with  enUiuBiastic  ex- 

himself  and  his  colleagues,  saying,  pressions  of  joy,  and  for  a  time  it 

that  the  King  had  sent  for  Count  appeared  as  if  ^1  further  resistahce 

Mole,  in  order  to  con6de  to  him  vere  at   an   end.    Large  bodies 

the  construction  of  a  cabinet;  and  of  the    National  Guards  marched 

that  whilst  the  present  Ministers  through  the  streets,  both  ofBcers 

remained  in  office  they  would  cause  and  men  crying,  Vive  la  Btfome, 

order  to  be  respected.     But  this  while  the  crowd  that  surrounded 

was  more  difBcult  than  M.  Guizot  them  kept  up  a  vodferoas  cheering, 

imagined.    The   people   had    as-  As  the  evening  approached  many 

aembled  in  vast  crowds  early  in  the  houses  began   to  Hght  up  their 

morning  in  the  quarters  St.  Denis  windows,  and  the  mob  with  lond 

and  St.  Martin,  and  at  ten  o'clock  cries  demanded  a  general  illnmin- 

they  had    succeeded   in   erecting  ation. 

hairicades  at  the  Porte  St.  Denis,        Abont  seven  o'clock,  an  immense 

in    the   Rue  de  Clery,   the    Rue  body  of  the  working  classes,  headed 

Neuve  Saint  Euatache,  the  Ruede  bymenwhocarriedblazingtorcheB, 

Codran,  and   the   Rue  du   Petit-  passed  along  the  Boulevai^s.  They 

Oarreau.     Firing  took    place    at  chanted,  as  they  advanced,  the  two 

some  of  these  borricadeB  between  lines  of  the  Girondist  song,  which 

the  populace  and  the  Municipal  was  at  this  time  the  most  popular 

Guanls.    Two  young  men  were  air  in  Paris, 
killed,  and  apicquet  of  the  Muni-  ..  Mourirpmirlipurie, 

dpal  Guards  was  disanned.  .    C'eit  le  lortle  plui  bcu,  le  ploi  digrta 

Throughout  the  day  numerous  d'envier' 
collisions  happened  between  the  and  ceased  from  it  only  to  shout  at 
populace  and  the  troops,  but  the  intervals,  d6(u  Guizot.  The  Mar- 
mob  gave  way  whenever  they  were  seUlaiM  hymn  was  also  frequently 
charged,  and  very  few  lives  were  beard,  mingled  with  cries  of  KiivM 
lost.  The  most  ominous  circum-  Reformt.  At  the  hotel  of  the 
stance  .  was  the  demeanour  and  Minister  of  Fore^  Affairs,  which 
conduct  of  the  National  Guards,  abutted  close  upon  the  Boulevards. 
who  were  obviously  most  unwilling  there  was  posted  a  strong  body  of 
to  act  against  the  people,  and  in  troops,  consisting  of  both  infantry 
some  places  prevented  the  Muni-  and  dragoons,  who  occupied  the 
cipal  Guards  from  attacking  the  whole  width  of  the  Bonlevard,  ex- 
crowd.  This  was  the  more  im-  cept  the  pavement  near  the  Rue 
portant,  as  Marshal  Bugeaud,  tfae  Basse  du  Rempart  When  the 
veteran  warrior  of  Algiers,  had  mob  reached  this  spot,  the  torch- 
been  appointed  by  a  royal  ordi-  bearers  filed  off  past  the  troops  by 
nance  Commander-in-chief  of  the  the  pavement,  and  the  whole  crowd 
first  military  division,  and  of  the  followed,  shouting  d  bai  Ouixol! 
National  Guards  of  Paris,  in  place  Vive  la  ligne!  Here  it  was  that 
of  General  Jacqueminot  The  an  event  occurred,  at  a  later 
populace  soon  understood  this  feel-  period  of  the  evening,  which  may 
u^  in  their  favour,  and  shouted  be  said  to  have  determined  the 
loudly,  Vivt  la  Qarde  Nationale!  future  0010*80  of  the  Revolution. 
In  the  course  of  the  afternoon,  the  The  populace  had  collected  in  large 


J»»~'l                      HISTORY.  [228 

numbers  in  the  Ticinitj  of  M.  fhoj  reached  the  spot  where  the 
Gnizot'B  Hotel,  ftiid  were  preBsing  troops  were  drawn  up.  he  delibe- 
upon  the  military,  when  a  naan  rM«lf  fired  a  pistol  at  the  officer  in 
stepped  forward,  and  present-  command,  in  order  to  provoke  the 
ing  a  pistol  at  the  head  of  the  soldiers  to  fire  upon  the  crowd ; 
officer  in  command,  shot  him  dead  and  thtrAy  etmtre  tha  taerifice  of 
on  the  spot.  The  troojps  then  im-  tomt  innocent  liven.  We  have 
mediately  fired  with  fatal  effect,  alreadjnarrated  the  result;  but  it 
and  several  persons  in  the  crowd  remains  to  be  told  that  the  asso- 
were  killed.  In  an  incrediblj  ciates  of  Lagrange  were  ready  in 
short  space  of  time  a  funeral  pro-  the  a^joiniDc  streets  with  their 
cession  was  formed,  the  dead  tumbrils  for  uie  dead,  whose  bodies 
bodies  were  placed  npon  a  cart,  they  arranged  in  the  most  tragic 
and  by  the  glare  of  torch-light  the  form,  to  excite  feelings  of  rage  and 
moving  masses  followed  it  towards  horror,  and  paraded  them  through 
the  Plac«  ds  Baitile,  uttering  as  the  streets.  During  the  night  a 
they  went,  in  low  monotonous  quantity  of  bullock's  blood  naa 
cadence,  the  words  "  Monrir  pour  brought  and  poured  apon  the  pave- 
la  patrie,"  and  demanding  arms  in  ment  where  the  firing  had  taken 
order  to  avenge  the  slain.  place  ;  and  the  credulous  mob  on 
Such  were  the  events  as  they  the  following  day  were  too  infu- 
appeared  on  the  sur&ce,  and  were  riated  to  notice  that  it  was  impos- 
narrated  in  all  thejoumals  of  the  pe-  sible  for  the  red  gore  which  ex- 
riod.  Butwhatwastherealhistory  cited  their  passion  to  have  pro- 
of the  events  of  this  fatal  night?  oeeded  from  the  few  victims  who 
There  is  too  much  reason  to  be-  had  fallen  on  the  epot. 
Keve  that  the  French  nation  were  The  news  of  this  unfortunate 
tricked  into  a  revolution  by  the  occurrence  spread  rapidly  through 
denncable  stratagem  of  one  crazy  Paris,  and  a  general  feeling  of  ex- 
enttauaiast.  That  man  was  M.  aeperation  prevailed  amongst  the 
L^range,  who  soon  afterwards  people,  when  they  rose  on  the 
went  n^d;  his  brain  being  pro-  morning  of  the  following  eventfnl 
bably  turned  by  the  appalling  sue-  day.  Their  demands  and  attitude 
eeas  of  his  own  ezporimenL  The  had  undergone  a  serious  change, 
fact  ia,  that  when  the  change  of  and  it  became  evident  that,  unless 
Ministry  was  announced,  and  the  the  troops  and  National  Guards 
popnlace  knew  that  the  King  had  were  prepared  to  act  with  vigour 
given  way,  they  were  disposed  to  and  promptitude,  the  dynasty  of 
enjoy  their  triumph  with  good  Louis  Philippe  was  placed  in  im- 
humour,  and  traversed  the  streets  minent  danger.  More  barricades 
of  Paris,  exacting  illuminations,  were  hastily  erected  in  many  of 
and  vociferating  their  noisy  joy.  the  principal  streets,  especially 
fiut  Lagrange  and  a  few  desperate  those  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
confederates  were  resolved  to  give,  Boulevard  des  Italiens.  and  were 
ifpoesible.adifTerenttumtoevents.  conBtructed  of  overturned  di1i- 
He  therefbte  having  made  bis  pre-  gences,  omnibuses,  and  other  vehi- 
paratio7is,joinedaband  of  citizens,  cles,  filled  with  heavy  paving  stones, 
who  proceeded  along  the  Boule-  and  in  some  places  the  red  flag 
Tarda  in  the  direction  of  the  H6tel  waved  over  them. 
dat  Affaire*  EtTangirei,  and  when  In  the  meantime  Count   M0I6 


230]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Fr«r««. 

had  found  it  impossible  to  form  a  called  La  Preue,  hastened  to  the 
Uinistiy,  and  M.  Thiers  was  sent  Palace,  and  representing  the  im- 
for  by  the  King  in  the  course  of  tb^  minent  danger  in  which  the  mo- 
night  of  the  39rd,  and  he  agreed  narchy  was  placed,  ui^ed  that  the 
to  accept  the  office  of  President  of  King  should  at  once  abdicate  the 
the  Council,  provided  that  he  were  crown  in  favour  of  his  grandson 
allowed  to  associate  M.  Odillon  the  Comte  de  Paris. 
Barrot  with  him  as  Minister  of  In  the  course  of  the  morning  a 
the  Interior.  The  new  Govern-  large  body  of  the  populace  pro- 
ment  immediately  issued  the  fol-  ceeded  to  the  Champs  Elysees, 
lowing  prociamatioD,  which  ap-  where  was  stationed  one  of  the 
peared  early  on  the  morning  of  gaard-bouses  of  the  Municipal 
the  24th.  Guard.  A  staff-oEQcer  hurried  past 
^  .  them,  and  addressing  the  soldiers, 
•  Ijttixens.—  jq]j  jjjgnj  ^j  jj  ^^  ,^  (^  lesiit, 

"  Orders  are  given  to  slop  the  and  adviaed  them  to  comply  with 
firing.  We  have  been  charged  by  the  wishes  of  the  people.  Their 
the  King  with  the  formation  of  a  arms  were  demanded,  but  they  re- 
Ministry.  The  Chamber  is  about  fused  to  deliver  them  up,  and  fired 
to  be  dissolved.  General  Lamori-  a  volley  npon  the  crowd.  The 
dere  is  named  Commander-in-Chief  guard-house  was  then  immediately 
of  the  National  Guards  of  Paris,  taken  by  storm,  and  the  soldiers 
Messrs.  Odillon  Barrot,  Thiers,  were  alt  massacred  on  the  spot. 
Lamorici^re,  and  Duveivior  de  About  the  same  time  the  following 
Hauranne,  are  Ministers.  Liberty!  significant  occurrence  took  place  on 
Order  I  Union  I  Beform!  the  Boiilevarddes  Italiens.  Seve- 
"  Odillon  Barrot.  ral  regiments  of  infantry  of  the 
"  Thiers."  line, precededbyabodyof  National 

M.    Odillon    Barrot    proceeded  Guards,  a  regiment  of  Cuirassiers, 

himself  on  horseback  through  the  three  field  pieces,  and  three  cais- 

streeta.whichweredenselycrowded,  sons  of  ammunition,  made  their 

announcing  the  change  of  Minis-  appearance.     They  were  stopped 

try,  and  endeavouring  to  allay  the  by  the  people,  who,  with  the  most 

excitement  that  prevailed.  perfect  coolness,  seized  the  horses 

But  the  character  of  the  move-  by  the  heads,  broke  open  the  cais- 

ment  became  now  apparent.     The  sons,  and  distributed  the  ammuni- 

people  refused  to  listen  to  Odillon  tion  without  any  resistance  being 

Barrot,  and  he  was  met  with  cries  ofiered  by  the  troops.     The  horses 

of  "  We  have  been  deceived  too  were  unharnessed,  and  the  cannon 

often,"  aai  "  Vivt  la  Ripubliqiu ! "  drawn  away  by  the  people,  many 

The  proclamation  was  torn  down,  of  whom  rode  upon  the  guns, 

and   the    tumult  increased  evety  Early  in  the  afternoon  the  news 

hour.    The  crowds  began  to  press  of  the  abdication  of  Louis  PbiUppe 

on  towards  the   Tuileries,   where  was  communicated  to  the  inhabits 

the  Ministers  were  in  earnest  con.  ants,  by  the  following  proclamation 

sultation  with  the  King.     Another  signed  by  M.  Odillon  Barrot,  which 

proclamation  was  issued  by  them,  announced   the   accession   to   the 

which  was  immediately  destroyed,  thrane  of  the  Comte  de  Paris,  and 

and  soon  afterwards  M.  Emile  de  the  Begency  of  the   Duchess  of 

Qirardin,  the  editor  of  the  journal  Orleans. 


Franei.]  HISTORY.  [231 

„.  ,         ,  „    .  and  tUs  was  the  Bignal  for  the 

■■  CKwct»  0/  Pant.—  ^^^    appalling     tumult        The 

"  The  King  has  abdicated.   The  Deputies    and    National   Guards 

crown,  bestowed  bj  the  revolution  gathered  rouud  the  Rojal  Famil)' 

of  July,  is  now  placed  on  the  bead  to  shield  them  from  violence,  while 

of  a  child,  protected  by  his  mother,  the  fearful  drama  was  acted  before 

They  are  both  under  Uie  safeguard  tlieir  eyes.     M.  Marie  ascended 

of  the  hononr  and  courage  of  the  the  tribune  and  demanded  that  a 

Parisian  population.     All  cause  of  Provisional  GoTSmment  should  be 

division  amongst  us  has  ceased  to  formed,  "  not  to  give  institutions, 

exist.     Orders  have  been  given  lo  but  to  consult  wi£  the  two  Cham- 

the  troops  of  the  line  to  return  to  bers  on  the  necessity  of  satisfying 

their   respective   quarters.     Our  the  wishes  of  the  country."    M. 

brave  army  con  be  better  employed  Cr^mieux  followed  and  said,  "  We 

than  in  shedding  its  blood  in  so  cannot  at  the  present  moment  do 

deplorable  a  colhsion."  more  than  establish  a  Provisional 

But  it  was  too  late.     The  Bon  r-  Government.  (Cri«  0/ 'No  !  no!') 

boa  dynasty  bad  already  ceased  to  I  have  the  grcateet  respect  for  the 

rei^,  and  a  terrible  scene  was  Duchess  of  Orleans,  and  I  just 

takmg  place  at  the  Chamber  of  now  conducted  the  Royal  Family  to 

Depudes,  which  extinguished  all  thecarriagewhichborethemaway." 
hopes  of  the  continuance  of  mo-         A  Voice. — "Bon  voyage!" 
narchy  in  France.  M.Cremieux. — The  population  of 

At  one  o'clock,  M.  Sanzet  took  Faiis  has  shown  the  most  profotmd 
the  President's  chair,  and  about  respect  for  the  King's  misfortunes ; 
300  Depntiee  were  present.  It  but  we  who  have  been  sent  here 
was  sooQ  announced  that  the  Du-  to  enact  laws  cannot  violate  them, 
chess  ot  Orleans  and  her  two  sons  A  law  already  voted  disposes  of  the 
had  arrived,  and  desired  to  be  ad-  regency,  and  I  cannot  admit  that 
mitted  into  the  Chamber.  A  door  it  can  be  abrogated  at  this  mo- 
was  thrown  open,  and  the  Duchess  ment.  Since  we  have  come  to  the 
entered,  accompanied  by  the  young  point  of  uudergoing  a  revolution. 
Princes  and  faer  brothers-in-law,  let  us  confide  ourselves  to  the  coon- 
the  Dnca  de  Nemours  and  Mont^  try.  I  propose  a  Provisional  Go- 
pensier.  She  seated  herself  in  an  vemment  of  five  Members, 
arm  chair  in  the  semicircle,  which  The  Abbe  de  Genoude  sscended 
was  crowded  with  officers  and  sol-  the  tribune,  and  was  about  to  ad- 
diers  of  the  National  Guard.  dress  the  Chamber  when  M.  O. 

Almost  immediately  afterwards  Barrot  entered.    After  a  few  words 

a  number  of  persons  forced  their  from  the  Abb6  deGenoude, 
way  into  the  hall,  and  placed  them-        M.  0.  Barrot  rose  and  spoke  as 

selves  under  tho  tribune.    M,  Du-  follows: — "Neverhavewehadneed 

pin  then  rose  and  announced  that  of  more  coolness  and  patriotisni. 

the  King  had  abdieated  the  crown  May  we  be  all  united  in  one  senti- 

in    favour    of    bis    grandson   the  ment— that  of  saving  our  country 

Comte  de  Paris,  and  appointed  the  from  the  most  dreadful  visitation, 

DtKhesa  of  Orleans  Regent  during  a  civil  war.     Nations,  I  am  aware, 

his  minority.     A  voice   from  the  do  not  die,  but  tbey  become  weak 

gallery  shouted  the  ominous  words,  from    intestine    dissensions,   and 

"  C'ett  trap  tard, "  (it  m  (00  late);  France  never  had  xaon  need  than 


282]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [France. 

nowofallherforce— of theaidofoll  cannot  consent  to  assume  the  re- 

her  children.     Our  dut^  is  clearly  Bponeibility  of  any  other  situation, 

traced  out — it  calls  on  us  to  unite  Soon    afterwards  an    immense 

oDiselves  to  nbat  is  most  geDerous  crowd    burst  into    the   Chamber 

in  the  heart  of  the  nation.    The  armed  with  swords,  and  pikes,  and 

Crown  of  July  reaU  on  the  head  of  moskete.  and  bearing  tri-coloured 

a  child    and    a  womaii.     [Great  flags.     The  President  put  on  his 

tumult  followed    this    announce-  hat,  but  this  oocaaioned  a  dreadful 

ment.]     It  is  a  solemn  appeal."  uproar,  and  loud  cnes  were  utterel 

The  Duchess  of  Orleans  here  of  "Off  with  your  hat,  President!" 

rose,  and  pronounced  some  inaudi-  while  several  muskets  were  pointed 

ble  words.  at  his  chair. 

M.O.BarTotthencontinued:"It  During  this  scene  of  violence, 
is  in  the  name  of  the  political  the  Duchess  of  Orleans  sat  in  calm 
liberty  existing  in  our  countiy,  of  and  dignified  composure  between 
the  necessities  of  order  which  have  her  two  children,  and  her  conduct 
occurred  to  every  one's  mind,  of  seems  to  have  been  throughout 
the  union  and  accord  which  ought  truly  heroic  M.  Ledru  RolUn  at 
to  rei^  amongst  all  good  citizens,  last  succeeded  in  making  his 
that  I  call  on  all  my  colleagues  to  voice  heard  above  the  tumult,  and 
support  tbis  double  repieeentation  be  addressed  the  Assembly  as 
of  the  revolution  of  July,  Can  it  follows: — "In  the  name  of  the 
foe  that  any  one  can  imagine  that  people,  I  protest  gainst  the  kind 
what  was  decided  by  the  revolu-  of  Government  which  has  just  been 
tion  of  July  can  be  again  oalled  in  proposed  toyou.  (Deafming  thouU 
question?  (OVmt  agitation.)  Gen-  o/tyjplauw.)  This  is  not  the  first 
Uemen,  the  work,  I  allow,  is  dif-  time  that  I  have  thus  protested; 
fioult,  but  there  are  such  dements  already  in  1843  I  demanded  the 
of  generosity,  greatness,  and  good  Constitution  of  1 TQI.  That  Con- 
dense in  this  country,  that  it  suffices  stitution  declared  Hiat  it  should  be 
to  appeal  to  them  to  induce  Uie  necessary  to  make  an  appeal  to  the 
whole  population  to  rally  round  the  people  when  a  regency  bill  waa  to 
standard  I  display.  Our  duty  is  be  passed.  I  protest,  therefore, 
simple — it  is  traced  out  by  the  agtunst  the  Government  that  it  ia 
laws  and  by  honour.  If  we  do  not  attempted  to  establish.  I  do  so  in 
fulfil  it  with  firmness  I  cannot  say  the  name  of  the  citizens  whom  I 
what  the  consequences  will  be ;  but  see  before  me— who  for  the  last 
be  certain  of  this,  that  whoever  two  days  have  been  fighting,  and 
should  dare  to  incur  the  res|ionsi-  wbowiU,ifnecessary,againcombat 
bility  of  a  civil  war  would  be  m  the  tbis  evening.  [Arms  were  here 
highest  degree  culpable  towards  brandished,  and  muskets  raised  to 
his  countiy.  For  my  part,  what  I  the  shoulder,  amidst  a  scene  of  in- 
conoeive  to  be  most  fitting  for  the  desoribable  tumult.}  I  demand  in 
situation  is  this — the  Regency  of  the  name  of  the  people  that  a  Fro- 
theDucheasof  Orleans,  a  Ministry  visional  Government  benamed." 
chosen  from  the  moat  tried  opi-  M.  de  Lamartine  next  followed 
nions,  and  an  appeal  to  the  country,  andsud: — "Gentlemen,  I  share  in 
which  will  pronounce  with  full  the  sentiments  of  grief  which  just 
liberty,  to  an  extent  sanctioned  by  now  agitated  this  assembly  in  be- 
law,     Such  is  my  opinion,  and  I  holdingtbemostafSictingspectacle 


Fronts.]                        HISTORY.  [233 

that  human  sunalB  can  present —  anna  in  their  hands  ;  several  of 
that  of  a  Princess  coming  forward  whom  forced  their  wajr  to  the  front 
irith  her  innocent  Bon.afterhaving  seats,  and  pointed  their  mnsketa 
quitted  her  deserted  palace,  to  place  at  the  Deputies  below, 
herself  under  the  protection  of  the  The  Doohess  of  Orleans  rose 
nation.  But  if  I  shared  in  that  from  her  seat,  and,  with  her  two 
testimony  of  respect  for  a  great  sons,  and  the  n>7al  Dukee,  quitted 
misfbrtune,  I  also  share  in  the  the  Chamber  by  a  door  on  ^e  left 
solicitade-^n  the  admiration  which  hand.  At  the  same  time  the  Pre- 
that  peofde,  now  f^hting  during  aident  left  his  chair ;  the  mob  were 
two  days  against  a  perfidious  Go  already  maslera  of  the  Chamber, 
Temment  for  the  purpose  of  re-  and  the  triumph  of  Democracy 
establiahiDg  order  and  libert?,  was  complete, 
ought  to  inspire.  Xiet  us  not  do-  When  silence  was  in  Bome  de- 
ceive ourselves — let  us  not  imagine  gree  restored,  Af.  Ledru  Rollin 
that  an  acclamation  in  this  Cham-  said,  that  he  would  read  ont  the 
ber  oan  replaoe  the  co-opeiation  of  names  of  those  whom  he  pn>- 
35,000,000  of  men.  Whatever  pmed  should  be  members  of  the 
Government  be  established  in  the  Provisional  Government.  He  them 
country  it  must  be  cemented  by  announced  the  following  ncunee: 
solid  definitive  guarantees  1  How  lUf .  Dupont  (de  I'Eure),  Arago, 
will  you  find  the  conditions  neces-  De  Lamartine,  Ledru  Rollin,  Gar* 
saiy  for  such  a  Government  in  the  niar  Pag^,  Uarie,  and  Gr^miem; 
midst  of  the  Boating  elements  which  were  received  with  aoclama- 
which  atuTound  us  ?  By  descend-  ticms  by  those  who  heard  them ; 
iugintotho  veiy  depth  <n  the  coun-  but  the  noise  sod  oonfusion  were 
try  itself,  boldly  sounding  the  great  sogteatthat  the  chief  port  of  the 
mystery  of  the  rights  of  nations.  In  Assembly  did  not  know  what  was 
place  of  having  recourse  to  these  going  an. 

subterfuges,  to  these  emotions,  in  or-  Loud  cries  of  "  To  the  Hdt»l  de 
dor  to  roaintain  one  of  those  ficdona  ViUe"  were  now  heard,  and  the  at» 
which  have  no  stability,  1  propose  tention  of  the  disorderly  crowd 
to  you  to  form  a  Government,  not  b^ng  directed  to  the  picture  re- 
definite,  but  provisional — a  Go-  presentii^  the  King  swearing  obe- 
Tsrament  chained,  first  of  all,  with  dience  to  the  Charter,  which  was 
the  task  of  stanching  the  blood  placed  behind  the  President's 
which  flows,  of  putting  a  stop  to  ehalr,  they  shouted  out  "Tear  it 
civil  war;  a  G:Ovemment  which  we  down!"  A  workman,  armed  with 
awMnt  without  patting  aside  any-  a  double-barrelled  fowling-piece, 
thing  of  our  resentments  and  oar  who  vras  standing  in  the  semicircle, 
indignation ;  and  in  the  nextplace  eriedout,''WaituntilIhaveaBhat 
a  Government  on  which  we  shall  at  Louis  Philippe  I "  and  at  the 
impose  the  duty  of  convoking  and  same  moment  both  barrels  were 
consulldng  the  people  in  its  totality  discharged.  Great  uproar  fallowed, 
— all  that  possess  in  their  title  of  and  two  men  jamped  on  the  chairs 
man,  the  nghis  of  a  citizen.  behind  the  President's  seat,  and 
A  violent  blocking  was  now  heard  prepared  to  cut  the  picture  to 
at  the  door  of  an  upper  tribune,  pieces  with  their  sabres;  but  aao- 
whioh  was  not  entir^y  filled ;  and  ther  workman  ran  up  the  st^M  of 
a  number  of  men  mshed  in  with  the  tribune,  and  exctaimed — "  Re- 


234}  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Frmcs. 

spect  public  monuments!  respect  ^/m^tr«.'"  and  theimperiooB  will 

property  1  Why  destroy   the   pic-  of  the   mob  prevailed.     The  Ee- 

tures  with  balls  ?    We  have  shown  public    was  proclaimed,   and  mo- 

that  the  people  will  not  allow  itself  narcby  ceased  to  exist  in  France, 
to  be  ill-governed  ;  letnsnowshow        In  the  meantime  a  sanguinary 

that  it  knows  how  to  conduct  itself  contest  had  been  going  on  at  the 

properly  afler  its  vtctoiy."  Palais  Royal,  which  was  occupied 

M.  DupoDt  (de  I'Eure)  then  took  by  a  company  of  troops  of  the  line. 

poesession  of  the  chair.     M.  de  A  large  barricade  was  erected  at 

Lamartine  and  Ledm  Rollin  at-  the  comsr  of  the  Rue  de  Valois, 

tempted  for  some  time  to  obtain  a  which  crossed  it  and  the  Rue  St. 

hearing,  but  in  vain.    A  cry,  how-  Honor£.     Some  shots  were  fired 

ever,   arose  of   "Let  Lamartine  at  the  windows  of  the  Palace  by 

rtjtl"  and  his  voice  was  heard  the  crowd  below,  and  the  soldiers 
ve  the  tumult,  excluming  "A  immediately  opened  their  fire.  For 
Provisional  Government  will  be  at  two  hours  the  conflict  raged  with 
once  proclaimed."  Shouts  then  great  fury,  and  the  National  Guards 
aroseof  "Thenames!  thenameBl"  fought  vigorously  on  the  side  of 
and  as  the  noise  rendered  hearing  the  people.  The  Place  dn  Palais 
impossible,  the  names  were  written  Royal  was  filled  vrilh  a  tumultuous 
down  on  a  sheet  of  paper,  which  mass,  upon  which  a  shower  of  balls 
was  placed  on  the  end  oi  a  musket,  was  rained  down  from  the  windows 
and  so  carried  about  the  Chamber,  by  the  soldiers.  In  the  midst  of 
M.  Ledru  Rollin  then  rose  and  the  engagement  the  royal  carriages 
said: — "AProvisional  Government  were  brought  by  the  populace  from 
cannot  be  organised  in  a  light  or  the  Tuileries  to  the  Place,  and  an 
careless  manner.  Ishall  readover  immense  bonfire  was  kindled,  in 
the  names  aloud,  and  you  will  ap-  which  they  were  consumed.  Re- 
prove of  them  or  reject  them,  as  you  hind  this  an  incessant  fire  of 
think  fit."  Ere  this,  however,  nearly  musketry  was  kept  up  against  ths 
all  the  Deputies  had  quitted  the  troops,  and  at  last  a  body  of  the 
Chamber,  and  after  M.  Ledm  Rollin  National  Guards  scaled  the  barri- 
had  read  out  the  names  amidst  vio-  cades,  amongst  whom  Etienne 
lent  tumult,  he  sud— "We  must  Arago,  the  celebrated  astronomer, 
now  close  the  sitting  and  piweed  to  was  conspicuous,  and,  advancing  to 
the  seat  of  Government "  Upon  the  Palace,  they  carried  it  by 
this    shouts   srose    of  "To    the  storm*. 

Hotel  de  Ville!     Viv«  la  R^pub-        But  what  had  become  of  the 

iqM  I  "  and  the  whole  body  rushed  Royal  Family  at  the  Tuileries  ? 

to  the  Hotel  de  Ville.    Hero  oc-  The  King  and  Queen,  with  the 
curred  a  scene  of  wild  and  tumult- 
uous violence.     The  populace,  hke        '  The  revolutimwM  KcomplbM  a 

..      „  „f  „  „„^„™  =_o    fliioj  ■  very  imdl  cott  of  ifc.    Fromuiolsdal 

the  waves  of  a  surgmg  s^  filled  ^,^^  .^  ^^  Moniu^r,  it  .pp™™!  thu 

the   hall,    and   witn   temho  cnes  ihe^  were  carried  to  the  hofpilda  «fter 

demanded   the  proclamation  of   a  the  nnaicti  in  the  iCreeti,  6SS  wounckd, 

Repubhc.     When  any  Member  of  of  whom  91  ifterKinli  died.     The  l»ller 

the  Provisional  Government,  who  ""■"l>«  ""oei    noi  bdude   65  penon. 

.    ,     f  _         _j  _..  "ho  were  found  dead  »nd  buried  U  Ihe 

was  suspected  of  more  moderate  Qhiteta  d'  Eu,  nor  ihow  who  died  on 

views,    attempted    to   speak,    his  the  «pot  where  they  fell    These,  how- 

Toica  was  drovnied  by  shouts  of  "  A  over,  were  veiy  few. 


Franee.}                       HISTORY.  [235 

Duka  and  Duchess  de  Nemoors,  plain  clothes,  who  turned  out  to  be 
the  Duke  fmd  Ducfaese  de  Mont-  the  son  of  Admiral  Baadtn,  on 
pensier,  and  the  Duke  and  Duchess  horaeback,  trott«d  past  ua  at  & 
Auguste  of  Saie-Coburg,  remained  quick  pace,  crying  out  that  Louis 
in  die  Palace  surrounded  by  a  targe  Philippe  had  abdicated,  and  re- 
number of  personal  friends,  among  questing  that  the  news  might  be 
whom  were  tiie  Due  de  Broglie  circulated.  A  few  instants  after, 
and  several  other  Members  of  the  at  the  Pont  Toumant,  we  saw  ap- 
Chamber  of  Peers.  M.  Thiers  and  preach  from  the  TuiJeriee  a  troop 
man;  of  the  principal  Members  of  of  National  Guards  on  horaeback, 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies  were  also  at  a  walking  pace,  funning  the 
preeent.  The  Due  de  Nemours  head  of  a  procession,  and  by  ges- 
had  the  command  of  the  troops  tures  and  cries  inviting  citizens  to 
which  were  drawn  up  in  the  court-  abstain  from  every  nnfavourable 
yard  of  the  Palace,  and  there  is  demonstration.  At  this  moment 
every  reason  to  believe  that  they  the  expression  'agreatmiafortune' 
were  ready  and  willing  to  a«t  was  heard;  and  the  King  Louis 
against  the  insurgent  populace,  Philippe,  his  right  arm  passed 
which  was  rapidly  advancing  to-  under  the  left  arm  of  the  Queen, 
wards  the  Plae»  du  Carroutel.  on  whom  he  appeared  to  lean  for 
But  the  National  Guards  retired  support,  was  seen  to  approach  from 
before  the  crowd,  and  when  they  the  gate  of  the  Tuileriea,  in  the 
reached  the  Palace  they  cried  out  midst  of  the  horsemen,  and  fol- 
to  the  troops  of  the  line  not  to  fire  lowed  by  about  thirty  persons  in 
upon  the  people.  The  Due  de  different  unifonns.  Tne  Queen 
Nemoors  seems  to  have  thought  walked  with  a  firm  step,  and  cast 
that  resistance  was  hopeless,  for  be  around  looks  of  assurance  and 
made  no  attempt  to  check  the  pro-  anger  intermingled.  The  King 
gress  of  the  mob — not  a  shot  was  wore  a  black  coat,  with  a  common 
fired — and  the  troops  remained  round  hat,  and  wore  no  orders, 
inactive  while  the  people  thronged  The  Queen  was  in  full  mourning, 
the  conrt-yaxd,  and  swarmed  round  A  report  was  circulated  that  they 
the  entrance  inlo  the  Palace.  It  were  going  to  the  Chamber  of  De- 
was  a  second  Tenth  of  August,  and  pnties  to  deposit  the  act  of  abdi- 
it  became  necessary  for  the  King  cation.  Criesof  *  Vive  laB£formeI ' 
and  the  rest  of  the  Royal  Family  'Vive  la  France  I'  and  even,  by 
to  take  instant  measures  for  their  twoorthreepersons, 'ViveleRoi!' 
safety.  The  following  interesting  were  heard.  The  procession  had 
account  of  their  flight  from  the  scarcely  passed  the  Pont  Toumant, 
Palace  Is  taken  from  the  narrative  and  arrived  at  the  pavement  suT- 
of  M.  Maurice,  the  editor  of  one  of  rounding  the  Obelisk,  when  the 
the  Parisian  journals,  who  was  an  King,  ^e  Queen,  and  the  whole 
eyewitness  of  the  events  he  de-  party,  made  a  sudden  halt,  ap- 
scribes — "About  one  o'clock  in  the  parontly  without  any  necessity, 
afternoon,  whilst  in  conversation  In  a  moment  they  were  surrounded 
with  the  Colonel  of  the  31st  Regt-  by  a  crowd  on  foot  and  horseback, 
ment  of  the  line,  who  appeal^  and  so  crowded  that  they  had  no 
well-disposed,  and  of  which  ne  gave  longer  their  freedom  of  motion, 
proof  in  ordering  his  men  to  sheathe  Louis  Philippe  appeared  alarmed 
their  bayonets,  a  young  man  in  at  this  sudden  approach.     In  fact, 


236] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Fra 


the  spot  foully  cboSen  hy  an  efTeot 
of  chance  produced  a  stmnge  feel- 
ing; a  few  paces  off  a  Bourbon 
king,  an  innocent  and  resigned 
victim,  vonld  have  been  happy  to 
have  eiperienced  no  other  treat- 
ment Louis  Philippe  turned 
quickly  round,  let  go  the  Queen's 
arm,  took  oS  his  hat,  raised  it  in 
the  air,  and  cried  out  something 
which  the  noise  prevented  my 
hearing;  in  &ct,  the  cries  and 
piU-miU  were  general.  The 
Queen  became  alarmed  at  no 
longer  feeling  the  King's  arm,  and 
turned  round  with  extreme  haste, 
saying  eomethii^  which  I  could 
not  catch..  At  this  moment  I  said, 
'Madame,  ne  crmgnez  lein;  con- 
tinuez,  lee  nmgs  vont  s'ouviir 
devBut  voua.'  Whether  her  aniietjr 
gave  a  false  interpretation  to  my 
intention  or  not  I  am  ignorant, 
but,  pushing  back  my  hand,  she 
exclaimed,  'Laissez  moil '  with  a 
most  irritated  accent.  She  seized 
hold  of  the  King's  arm,  and  they 
both  turned  their  steps  towank 
two  small  black  carriages  with  one 
horse  each.  In  the  first  were  two 
joimg  children.  The  King  took 
the  left  and  the  Queen  the  right, 
and  the  children  with  their  faces 
dose  to  the  glass  of  the  vehicle, 
looking  at  the  crowd  with  the  ut- 
most curioei^:  the  coachman 
whipped  his  horse  violently — in 
foct,  with  so  much  rapidity  did  it 
take  place  that  the  coach  appeared 
rather  carried  than  driven  away; 
it  passed  before  me,  surrounded  by 
the  cavalry  and  National  Guards 
present,  and  Cuiiassiers  and  Dra- 
goons. The  second  carriage,  in 
which  were  two  ladies,  followed 
the  other  at  the  same  pace;  and 
the  eacort,  which  amounted  to 
about  two  hundred  men,  set  off  at 
a  full  gaUop,  taking  the  water-side 
towaida  St.  Cloud.^ 


The  rest  of  the  adventures  of 
the  royal  pair  are  soon  told. 
They  proceeded  to  Versailles, 
where  they  hired  a  common  car- 
riage to  convey  them  to  Dreux, 
and  passed  the  night  at  the  house 
of  a  person  on  whose  fidelity  they 
could  rely.  Here  they  procured 
di^uises,  and  before  daylight  next 
morning  set  forward  on  their 
journey  to  the  coast,  travelling 
chiefly  by  night.  They  reached 
Honfleur  eariy  on  the  morning  of 
Saturday  the  26lh  of  February, 
where,  after  having  in  vain  at- 
tempted to  embark  from  TrouvUle, 
a  short  distance  from  the  town, 
and  being  prevented  by  the  boiate- 
ouB  state  of  the  weather,  they  re- 
mained until  the  following  Thurs- 
day. In  the  meantime  mforma- 
tion  was  secretly  conveyed  to  the 
commander  of  the  £'xpr«M  steamer, 
which  plied  between  Havre  and 
Southampton,  that  she  vrould  be 
required  to  convey  a  party  from 
Havre  to  England ;  and  on  Thurs- 
day afternoon  the  fu^tives  got 
into  a  French  fishing-boat  at  Hon- 
flenr,  and  reaching  Havre  that 
evening  went  on  hoBxA.  of  the  Ex- 
pT4u,  which  was  lying  vrith  her 
steam  up  ready  for  sea.  She  im- 
mediately sailed,  and  the  King 
and  Queen,  together  with  Qenerals 
Dumas  and  Rumigny,  who  had 
accompanied  them  in  their  .flight, 
were  safely  landed  on  the  following 
morning  at  Newhaven,  on  the 
coast  of  Sussex*.    The  escape  of 

•  Id  order  to  bdliUe  fail  euape,  the 
ei-King  unimed  tbe  nime  of  Smith, 
and  obtained  a  pauport  under  tlial  terj 
eeneral  patronymic  When  he  landed  it 
Newhaven,  and  ma  mting:  after  hii 
hAraranii;  fali^ea  at  an  inn  tbere,  aeveral 
viiiton  were  introduced  to  him,  one  of 
bore   tlie  name  of  Smith. 


MajeBly  being  not  perhape  aware  how  ei- 
teniivelf  that  appellation  prevail!  in  Ens- 
land,  exclaimed,  "Mr.    Smith  I  that  Ii 


France.]                          HISTORY.  [237 

Looia  Philippe  from  the  Bhores  of  the  occasioii  were  ignomnt  of  the 
France  relieved    the  Promional  mission  in  which  thej  were  en- 
Govemmentfromagreatdifficult;;  gaged.    I  was  inTonned  this  in- 
fer although  we  believe  that  tus  stant  t£  the  ikct  bj  m  peraon  who 
life  was  perfectly  safe,  except,  per-  usiBted  in  the  embarkation, 
hape,  in   case   of   some    sndden  "  Health  and  fratsrui^, 
hneuu  of  the  populace,  il  would  "  P.  Desohakps, 
not  have  been  easy  to  dispose  of  "  EUnDnllnu^  Comminioear  of  the 
hia  pemn.    No  public  feeUng  of  „„  ^"^  ^'"^"    ,  ,.     ,,     , 
indiinatien  was  expressed  agakst  .  ^^'^  ^^''^™  ?'  the  Eevolu- 
himT  and   the   people  BeemeA  to  ^.T    ''T'^'^    .^^J"    ^^    ?•" 
regard  hia  depaiturS  with  the  most  dAumale.immediately  prepared  to 
pe^ect  indifference.     He  left  no  <l'^\^^  province,  and  issued  two 
mrty  behind  him.  and  not  a  voice  P^cl'^ations.  one    to  the  amy 
braised  to  advocate  the  cause  of  f^  *>»«    °^^'"  *?  *^^  colcnista. 
the  Orleans  fcmily.  ^he  former  was  m  the  follovnng 

The  following  was  the  official  t«™8:— 
GommunJcatioD,  m  true  republican 
style,  which  the  Provbional  Go- 
vernment received  of  the  King's  "  I  had  hoped  to  combat  agoiD 
escape:—  with  you  for  the  country.  Tint 
••  Rouen,  Hudi  &  honour  is  denied  me ;  hot,  from 
"CitizmMinuUr,  the   depth  of    exile,    my   heart 

"The  ex-King  Louia  Philippe,  ^  f""°7  /o"  wherever  the  na- 

after  remaining  concealed  during  *»<»^  ^^  s**"!!  <»"  y<>o-  ""d  exult 

several  days  m  the  environs  of  m  your  sucoeasj  my  moat  ardent 

Trouville,  crossed  at  high  water  "«!'««  '^^  «'«/^  fw  *«  g'*'? 

yesterday  from  Honfleur  to  Havre,  "nd  happiness  of  France, 

bnd  there  embarked  for  England  ^  ^he  Pnnce  and  all  the  reat  of 

in    the    steamer    ExpreH.      The  ^«  ^'^  ^"y-  "^^^l*^^  "^e^ 

preparations  for  his  departure  were  ?<">  "^  ^«  Duchess  dOrlMiis  and 

^rifidly  kept  secret,  Jmd  the  eajv  J"" ''"Lr»»J.'^^  refage  m  Eng- 

tains  of  the  steamers  employed  on  ^^-    The  Duchess  withdrew  into 

.  ,    ,      ,               ,..,..  Germany,    where   she    remained 

eunom,  indeed,  and  rerj  remartablo  that  j„  ■„  _  ,i,_  _„,  „f   .■l„  „,„_  ■      „ 

Smiih,  (ince    (be   ummed   name,   wai  State    of    privacy    and    sedusion. 

■  Soiiih'b;  irbicbleicapedlVomFruice)  She  behaved  tdth  heroic  ooarage 

ud,  look,  thii  U  my  psMport  made  out  in  throughout  the  fearful  soenes  isiijch 

%rwr/de?wol;™t^r^n"  if .  m.  ««« '^^t  ^f'^--^  ^  ?y"  ™j^™- 

BanOk  hrf  IKK  been  ihe  fint  penon  la  Ma  wl^ch  gave  the  death-blow  to 

wriDome  him  to  EDoUiid.    TbefoUonlng  her    expecUtions    of    seang  the 

li  the  deacrlption  of  ibe  bllen  mooarch's  Comte  de  Paris  Succeed  peacefully 


-idgreytrowen;  on  bii  held  a  cloM  example  of  the  vanity  of  woridly 

blue  cloiheap,  and  round  biinecJf  a  com.  hopes.    When  she  entered  Franoe 

mon  red-and-whiie   "comforter."     Hii  it  ttaa  aa  the  bride  of  the  heir 

J^""T^TCe^rl''r;ffl.dTn''a-  re-t   to    the    crown   of   that 

iugt  pl«d  cloak,  and  (srefUllj  concealed  kuigdom,  and  in  a  few  short  years 

ber  feaiutei  wiih  a  iliicJt  Teil.  she  became  a  widow  and  aa  exile. 


238]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Franct. 

The  foUowiDg  acconnt  of  what  lies    of  wine   protroded   out   of 

followed  the  flight  of  the   Bojal  almost   every  pocket.     Drunken 

Family  from  the  Tuileries  when  men  fioarished  about,  amidst  the 

the  mob  invaded   the   Palace,   is  yelling  crowd,  with  satin  breeches, 

taken  from  the  work  of  an  author  they  thought  the    King's,  drawn 

who  was  himself  an  eye-witness  of  over  their  greasy  trouaers.  Ragged 

the  scone* : —  boys,  en  bloute,  blackened  by  pow- 

"  See  I  how  the  people  rash  into  der  and  smoke,  with  pistols  in  Uieir 
the  piincelj  pile.  From  below  to  girdleo,  and  sabrea  bnmdished  in 
aboTV— from  ball  to  attics — it  is  tbeir  heads,  beetrode  the  stone 
filled  to  overflowing :  the  people  lions  of  the  palace  entrance  as  pa- 
riols  in  its  own  sovereign-house !  triot  sentinels.  The  rattling  of 
Devastation  and  destruction  seem-  the  breaking  windows,  the  crash  of 
ed  at  once  the  order  of  the  day :  the  furniture  hurled  out  of  them, 
plunder  was  at  first  not  thought  of,  the  running  fire  of  the  discharged 
although  afterwards,  spite  of  what  muskets,  the  crackling  of  the  bon- 
lying  French  Republican  papers  fire  flames, — were  all  overwhelmed 
may  afGrm,  it  was  carried  on  to  an  by  the  shouting  and  the  frantic 
immense  extent  The  breve  jMupftf  singing  of  the  'Marseillaise.' 
filled  it«  pockets.  Before  the  very  Within,— stranger,  wilder  pictures 
eyes  of  him  who  writes  were  valua-  still !  In  the  apartment  of  the 
bles  thrust  into  erery  possible  Duchess  of  Orleans,  on  the  first 
receptacle, — spoons,  objects  of  art,  floor,  a  more  tranquil  spirit  was 
cups,  gold  fringes,  letters  bycuiions  shown  than  elsewhere.  Tne  crowd 
autograph  collectors.  It  was  well  in  those  royal  rooms  was  great  as 
known,  also,  that  jewels  and  bank-  everywhere ;  but  it  gazed  only  with 
not«8,and  other  valuable  property,  curiosity,  and  touched  nothing.  In 
were  purloined,  although,  in  some  the  talon  was  a  blazing  fire  ;  on 
instances,  the  'justice  of  the  noble  tbetable  were  several  books,  among 
people,'  as  the  phrase  went,  shot  which  were  the  Cmuu/at  of  Thiers, 
down  those  detected  in  steialing,  and  the  Alg&rie  of  Alexandre  Da- 
and  sometimes  for  a  mere  trifle ;  mas,  the  lattor  turned  down  open 
while  other  more  flagrant  plun-  upon  the  tablecloth,  as  the  unior- 
derers  escaped  unscathed,  under  tunate  Duchess  had  probably  laid 
the  disguise  of  noisy  patriotism,  it  down  at  the  moment  of  disturb- 
What  pictures,  indeed,  did  not  ance.  On  the  floor  and  on  the 
those  scenes  afiord !  Without, —  80&  were  rows  of  little  card-paper 
furniture,  dresses,  papers,  curtains,  soldiera  on  wooden  stands,  set  out 
were  flying  out  of  every  broken  as  if  for  battle,  with  which  her 
window,  and  heaped  upon  bonfires  two  boys  had  probably  been  play- 
made  of  the  royal  fourgont  and  ing  when  taken  from  their  sports 
carriages.  Glare,  flame,  and  smoke  to  quit  tbeir  home,  and  return  to  it 
filled  Uie  great  court  Tom  dresses,  no  more.  Touching  sight  I  A  boy 
the  caps  of  the  Princesses,  strips  took  up  one  of  the  toys ;  but  an 
of  curtains,  legs  of  mutton,  loaves  armed  artizan,  one  of  the  rough, 
of  bread,  were  brandished  aloft  honest  sort,  covered  with  the  sm^e 
upon  the  points  of  bayonets :  bot-  of  batUe,  commanded  him  to  lay 

■  Picture,  from  RevoMon.ryP>ri^  it  down  again       ■  Tis  but  a  toy.' 

Nov.   1848.      By  T.  P»lgr»»e    Simp-  eipostulaUd  the  little  fellow.  'But 

•on,  M.A.  if  you  take  a  toy,  others  would 


France.]                          HISTORY.  [239 

think  they  might  take  a  treasnre,'  folios,  and  papers :  a  few  sturdj- 
was  the  angry  rejoinder  of  the  looking  men.  with  muskets,  were 
self-installed  guard.  In  the  bed-  set  to  guard  over  what  was  now 
room  of  the  poor  Duchess  were  the  proclaimed  '  national  proper^.' 
hat  of  her  ill-fated  husband,  his  Some  rufGanlj-looking  fellows  were 
epaulettes,  and  his  whip,  under  a  devouring,  quietly  seated,  the  un- 
glass  case.  The  crowd  walked  touched  breakfast  set  out  for  the 
round  these  ol^ects  curiously,  but  fugitive  King :  in  a  great  stal« 
with  respect  Some  women  shed  bed  lay  several  men,  quietly  smok- 
tears.  Here  was  thrown  a  shawl  ing  their  pipes :  the  cigars  of  the 
in  the  drossing-room — there  a  silk  Princes  were  fireely  handed  round 
dress— signs  of  hasty  and  agitated  to  every  mouth." 
departure.  EveiTwherestooasmall  But  to  return  to  the  Hdt«l  de 
objecta  of  value  and  taste ;  but  Ville.  The  first  Praelamation 
here  no  one  touched  them.  What  issued  hj  the  Provisional  Govem- 
sad  tokens  were  they  of  the  cha-  meat wsa  the  following: — 
racter  and  domestic  life  of  one  bom  "  A  retrt^rade  Government  has 
to  high  destinies,  and  now  a  faa^  been  overturned  by  the  heroism  of 
tive!  In  the  state  apartmenta  the  the  people  of  Paris.  This  Go- 
scene  was  far  oth^wisa.  Here  vemment  has  fled,  leaving  behind 
were  the  wUdMt  confusion  and  it  traces  of  blood,  which  will  for 
disorder.  The  throne  was  early  ever  forbid  its  return, 
pulled  down  and  carried  away:  "  The  blood  of  the  people  has 
the  cortuos  were  torn  to  the  flowed,  as  in  July ;  but,  happily, 
gaMmd — the  lustres  and  candelabra  it  has  not  been  shed  in  vain.  It 
■mashed — the  busts  broken — the  has  secured  a  national  and  po- 
picturea riddled  with  balls; — every-  pular  Government,  in  accordance 
where  thronging,  yelling,  half-  with  the  rights,  the  progress,  and 
intoxicated  crowds.  In  the  theatre  the  will  of  this  great  and  generous 
all  was  torn  and  broken ;  the  people  people. 

appeared  to  resent  the  past  plea-  "  A  Provisional  Government,  at 

sores  of  the  Royal  Family.     In  the  call  of  the  people  and  some 

the  chapel  the  altar  was  respected.  Deputies  in  the  sitting  of  the  Q4th 

by   the   intervention  of  a  young  of  February,  is  for  the  moment 

ileve   of  the   Polytechnic  School,  invested  with  the  care  of  organizing 

and  the  cross  borne  away  by  men,  and  securing  the  national  victory, 

thus  animated  to  a  sense  of  re-  It  is  composed  of  MM.  Dupont 

ligioua  deference,  to  the  church  of  (do  I'Eure),  Lamartine,  Cremieux, 

St.   Boch ;  but  all  else  was  sbat-  Arago,  Ledru  Boltin,  and  Gamier 

tered.      In    the    King's   private  Pag^.     The  Secretaries  to  this 

rooms  the  scene  was,  if  possible.  Government   are    MM.   Armaod 

more  disorderiy  still.  There  eveir-  Harrast,  Louis  Blanc,   and  Fer- 

thing  was    recklessly    destroyed:  dinand    Flocon.     These    citizens 

papers  were  hurled  about  in  show-  have  not  hesitated  for  an  instant 

ers,  like  a  snow-storm.     In  one  toaccepttbepatriotiGmissionwhich 

comer  of  a  room  was  erected  a  has  been  imposed  upon  them  by 

sort  of  low  screen,  behind  which  the  urgency  of  the  occasion, 

were  bein^  flung,  by  some  National  "  Frenchmen,  give  to  the  world 

Guards,  aided  by  a  few  workmen,  the  example  Pans  has  given  to 

Articles  of   value,  moneys,  port*  France.     Prepare  yourselves,  by 


240]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Frmee. 

order  and  confidenoe  in  joarselvea,  that  ooncemod  the  direction  of  the 

for  the  institutions  which  are  abont  £«aujt   artt   and    the    moseums, 

to  be  given  to  yon.  hitherto  in  the  department  of  the 

"  The  Provisional  GoTernment  Civil  List,  would  constitute  a  new 

desires  a  Republic,  pending  the  division  of  the  Ministary  of  the 

ratiflcation  of  the  French  jpeople,  Interior." 

who  are  to   be  immediately  con-  But  the  decree  moat  signifioant 

suited.      Neitlier    the    people    of  of  the  nature  and  character  of  the 

Paris  nor  the  ProTisiontJ  Govern-  Revolntion  which  had  just  been  ac- 

ment   desire  to    substitute  their  Gomplished,  was  the  following ; — 

opinion  for  the  opbions  of  the  "The  Government  of  the  French 

citizens  at  large,  upon  the  definite  Republic  engages  to  guarantee  the 

form  of  government  which  the  na-  subsistence  of  the  workman  hj  his 

tional  sovereignty  shall  proclaim.  labour.      It  mgagei  to  guarantee 

"  'L'unitj  de  la  nation,'  formed  work  to  oU  eitieent.     It  recognises 

henceforth  of  all  classes  of  the  the  right  of  workmen  to  combine 

people  which  compose  it ;  for  the  purpose  of  eiyoying  the 

"  The  government  of  the  nation  lawful  proceisda  of  their  l^ur. 

by  itself;  The  Provisional  Government  re* 

"  Liberty,  equality,  and  frater-  stores  to  the  workmen,  to  whom  it 

nity  for  its  principles ;  belongi,  the  millbn  of  the  Civil  List 

"  The  people  to  devise  and  to  now  due." 

maintain  order.  Another  proclamation  declared 

"  Such  is  the  Democratic  Go-  that — 

vemment  which  France  owes  to  "A  National  Assembly  will  be 

herself,  and  which  our  efforts  will  convoked  as  soon  as  the  Provisional 

assure  to  her.  Government  shall  have  regulated 

"  Such  are  the  first  acta  of  the  the  measures  of  order  and  police 

Provisional  Government.  necessary  for  the  votes  of  aU  the 

"  (Signed)  Dupont  (de  I'Eure),  citizens." 

Ijtmartine,  Ledru  BoUin,  The   following   distribution    of 

B£dean,llichelOoudchanx,  offices   was   made   amongst    the 

Ango,    Bethmont    Marie,  Members  of  the  Provisional  Go- 

Camot,  Cavaignac,  Gamier  temment : — 

PagJs.  "  M.   Dupont   (de  ^ure)  was 

"  The  Munirapal  Guard  is  dis-  named    Provisional   President  of 

bonded.  the  Council,  without  portfolio;  M. 

"  The  protection  of  the  <AVf  of  de  lAmarline,  Provisional  Minister 
i>afis  ]§  confided  to  the  National  of  Foreign  Affairs ;  M.  Cr^mieux, 
<luard,  nnder  the  orders  of  M.  Provisional  Minister  of  Justice ; 
Courtais."  M.  Ledru  RoUin,  Provisional  Mi- 
Proclamations  were  also  issued,  nister  of  the  Interior;  Michel 
decreeing  that  the  Chamber  of  Goudchaux,  Provisional  Minister 
Deputies  was  dissolved,  and  that  of  Finance ;  M.  Francois  Arago, 
the  meeting  of  the  ne-Chamber  of  Provisional  Minister  ot  Marine ; 
Peers  was  interdicted.  In  order  General  B^eau,  Provisional  Mi- 
to  exhibit  the  anxiety  of  the  new  nister  of  War ;  M.  Camot,  Pro- 
Government  to  watch  over  tlie  in-  visional  Minister  of  PubUc  Instroc- 
terests  of  the  people,  it  was  offi-  tioD  and  Worship ;  M.  Bethmont, 
dally  announced  that  "everything  Provisional  Minister  of  Commerce ; 


^«««]                       HISTORY.  [241 

M.  Marie,  Provisiooal  Minister  of  after  irhich  the  Colonel  presented 

Public  Works ;  General  Cavaignac,  himself  at  the  balcony,  and  thus 

Governor  of  Atgeria."  addressed  the  people : — 

M.  Gamier  P^^s  was  named  , 

Mayor  of  Paris ;  and  to  him  were  CUtzent,— 

given  as  a^jointi,  MM.  Guinard  "You  ask  for  the  arms  of  the 

andRecurt;  and  M.  Flotard  was  saudiuorderthattheymaybeglven 

named  Secretary-General.  **•  patriots.     The  62nd  are  patriots 

In  a  wonderfully  short  space  of  to  a  man.  The53ndwaa  among  the 
time  all  vestiges  of  monarchy  in  firstof  the  regiments  which  in  1830 
France  were  made  to  disappear,  joined  the  people.  Tlie  62nd  was 
Thenamesof  journals,  streets,  and  •^^  first  which  in  1848  fraternized 
public  buildings,  which  had  re-  with  the  people.  The  53nd  is  no 
ferred  to  royalty,  were  iiumediat«ly  OiOte.  That  which  was  the  eSnd 
changed,  and  there  seemed  to  be  ofthe  line  is  now  the  first  regiment 
a  universal  desire  to  bury  in  ob-  of  t^ie  Republic." 
livion  all  traditions  of  the  past.  A  Shouts  of  applause  followed  this 
new  nomenclature  was  everywhere  adroit  speech,  and  the  populace  left 
adopted;  thepalaceoftheTuileries,  "i  the  hands  of  their  republican 
coneecrat«d  as  the  residence  of  so  brethren  the  arms  which  they  bad 
many  kings,  was  converted  into  an  determined  to  wrench  from  themas 
asylum  for  invalid  workmen  ;  and  soldiers  of  the  line. 
the  Chamber  of  the  Throne  at  the  W*  royalty  also  disappeared  all 
Hfltel  de  Ville  vraa  named  the  Hall  aristocratic  distinctions ;  for  a  pro- 
of the  Republic.  clamation  decreed  that  "  All  the 

The  following  instance  may  be  ancient     titles     of    nobility     are 

given  as  an  example  of  the  rapid  abolished;  and  the  qualifications 

mode  in  whidi  such  changes  were  which  were  attached  thereto  are 

efi'ect^,  and  of  the  way  in  which  prohibited.     They  cannot  be  used 

the  RepubUc  was  adopted  by  ac-  publicly,  or  figure  in  any  public 

clamation: document  whatever."* 

On  Friday,  the  SOth,  a  body  of  *  Amidal  the  wild  enthkuium  for  im- 

Ihe  people  proceeded  to  the  barrack  powlble  equality,  il  ii  refreshing  lo  meet 

in    the    Rue    Pepiniere,    in   which  "ith  «,y  mstoce  of  good  «n«  .mongM 

.L      «ii   J  >>              ..     *   ..1,  '"e  populace.    Thu  mini  be  our  eicuie 

were  the  52nd  Regiment  of  the  for  .Wirg  .he  foibwirg -necdoie. 

hue.     They  found  m  front  of  it  a  At  »  meeling  of  one  of  Ihe  clubi  at 

battalion  of  the  Ist  Legion  of  Na-  P»m.   ■   violeni    democrat    declaimed, 

tional  Guards,   one   among   whom  ""'<'''  *«  appl»u»e  of  bis  bearen,  a^nst 

i,.i  .tiiTi,  .  J    _      I  o"  i.'rv.  the  evils  of  property  and  the  injustice  of 

a8ked,"Wlwtdoyouseek?     -TTie  |,„d,o,d..  and  urgid  confi^wiV    He 

armsofthe63nd.     "Why?      "Be-  wu  rocceeded  by  ■  cook,  who  Mated  lua 

cause  we  wbh  to  apply  them  lo  the  diiindinaiion  to  concur  in  Ihe  recom- 

defence  of  the  OOUntlT."    "Butare  mendation  of  the  orator.    He  endeavoured 

they  not  in  the  hands  of  the  62nd,  ^  '''™  "j^.'^'f  .f^"B^if^""  ^'^t 

_,  ■"    ,            ,    ^       -J       ■.!.     .L  WM  unjust,  that  there  were  many  good  u 

who    have    fraternized    vnth    the  wellaabad.and  that  it  would  be  unftirto 

people,  and  who  are  ready,  wilhng,  include  all  in  one  condemnation.    "  But 

anacapableoffightingforFrance?"  let  ua,"  he  added,  "take  another  view  of 

The  National  Guard  then  proposed  <he  c«e-    If  jou  confiwale  their  property 

•k.»  .,  l^^A^.^r  .u-  ..^^l^  .t.»..lJ  and  give  It  Id  olhen,«hal  advantage  would 

that  a  leader  of  the  people  should  ,^gy    j  j^^  e»,niple,  am  c«.k  to  a 

accompany  him  to  the  Colonel  of  nntlemaD,  who  until  the  Uie  reioluiioii 

the  &2nd.   An  interview  took  place,  held  the  rank  of  Duke.     Ha  ii  a  kind 

Vol.  XC.  [B] 


242]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  IFrtmM. 

A  remarfcable  feature  in  this  Armand  Bsrbes  u  Colonel  of  the 
rcTotution,  bb  in  that  of  1830,  was  ISth  Legion  of  the  PariB  National 
the  respect  shown  by  the  populace  Guard.  Barbes,  vbo  vita  an  avooat 
of  the  capital,  amidBt  all  the  tumult  bf  profession,  had  attempted,  on 
and  confusion,  for  private  property,  the  13th  of  Maj,  183S,  at  tiie 
Whenever  thieves  were  detected  head  of  300  or  400  Republioaas, 
in  the  act  of  pilfering,  tfaej  were  to  overthrow  ilie  government  and 
shot  dead  od  the  spot.  The  people  dynasty  of  Louis  Philippe ;  uid, 
seemed  to  fear  that  crimes  ot  tLis  after  a  conteet  of  some  duration, 
kind  would  sully  the  dignity  of  was  oaptured,  and,  bang  put  upon 
their  position,  and  lower  the  cba-  his  trial  before  the  Court  of  Peers, 
racter  of  the  struggle  in  which  w«s  condemned  to  death.  The 
they  had  been  eng^ed.  But  in  cApital  sentence  was,  however. 
Other  parts  of  France  the  popular  commuted  to  one  of  imprisonment 
excitement  found  vent  in  various  for  life,  and  he  wbb  undergoing  his 
acts  of  outrage,  and  bands  of  men  punishment  at  the  time  when  the 
traversed  the  country  burning  or  revolution  broke  out  In  addition 
laying  waste,  in  many  places,  pri-  to  the  military  command  wfaich  was 
vate  houses ;  destroying  portions  given  to  him,  he  was  also  appointed 
of  railroads  at  different  points,  in  Governor  of  the  Liaembmrg. 
order  to  intercept  communications,  Another  remarkable  featnre  ma 
and  setting  fire  to  tbe  stations,  the  respect  which  the  people  pro- 
The  royal  ch&teau  of  Neuilly  was  fessed  to  entertain  for  the  emblems 
attacked  by  one  of  these  mobs  and  of  religion.  When  the  Tuileiies 
burned  to  the  ground;  and  in  Paris  was  taken  by  the  mob,  they  found 
the  toll-house  of  the  Pont  Lmtit  there  a  magnificent  image  of  our 
Philippe  was  set  on  fire,  and,  the  Saviour.  "My  friends," exclaimed 
fiames  catching  hold  of  the  wood-  a  pupil  of  the  Ecole  Polyteohnique, 
work  of  the  bndge,  it  was  precipi-  "  this  is  the  Master  of  us  all  t " 
tated  into  the  Seine.  The  Throne  The  people  immediately  took  off 
also  was  carried  from  the  Tuileries,  their  hats,  and  bore  die  figure  in 
and  burned  at  the  foot  of  the  solemn  proceemon  te  tiie  cbtirch 
Column  of  July.  The  Provisional  of  St.  Roche,  crying  out  as  they 
Government,  however,  set  itself  advanced,  "  Citizens,  off  vrith  yoBC 
r^roasly  to  work  to  put  a  stop  hats.  Salnte  Christ."  The  Arch- 
to  these  excesses,  aud  proclumed  bishop  of  Paris  addressed  the  fol- 
that  mobilized  battalions  would  lomng  letter  to  eadi  ef  the  clei^ 
immediately  march  gainst  the  of  the  mty  :— 
lawless  rabble.  Here  and  there  u-  ■  ,  ^  t 
eoUisiona  did  take  place ;  but  wder  "  ^"juimr  Is  Curi,— 
was  soon  reatofed.  "  In  presence  of  ^be  great  event 

Astrikinginstanceof  thechange  of  which  the  capital  hai  just  been 

that  had  taken  place  in  politics  oo-  the  theatre,  our  first  moveia«nt  has 

onfred  in  the  ^pointment  of  M.  been  to  weep  fiv  the  fitte  of  dte 
viotiBB  whom  death  bus  Btrock  in 

man.  end  Ktier«l  to  (bote  who  tors  faim.  such  «a  unforeseen  msSDW.     We 

1  ™^.e  from  him  good  w^[e.s  wd  I  ^eep  for  them  all.  because  they 

give  htm  \a  returo  good  dimien.    We  ire  „„  t,„,  k^-.u-  _           i-_.-.  .>..»_ 

S>utuall7  •aiMt.Hl.  \^e^  ih.  order  <rf  "^  ""'  brettoen ;  we  himeM  thea, 

thing!  1—1  riMuld  be  (oitr,  genrtfloieii,  (o  >eca«se  we  have  lesnrt  onoe  noi« 

invheyauMdinoenafhraeookiBg."  what  disinterestedness,  rsspettt  for 


FrmM.]                      HISTORY.  [243 

wnpegtj.  and  generoaB  seotimflut  Fioanc*  u  cbirged  mth  the  tuk 

SU  the  beurtB  of  the  people  of  Paris,  of  providing  for  the  npcnu  whioh 

"  We  must  not  confioe  oufBelves  tb«  present  decree  will  oecuion.~ 

to  skedding  tears:  we  will  praj  Anotfaer;  "That  the  Tuileriee 

for  «U  tbtHO  who  have  f^ea  in  shall   heaoeforrai^   serve   as  an 

the  struggle;  we  shall  bese«(di  Ood  a^lun  to  invaded  woritmen." 

to  open  to  them  the  place  of  light  Another :  "  That  t^  Nadowd 

BndjMace."  Guards,  diaeolved  by  tlie  forDaer  Go- 

3^    PnyvieionBl    GoTemment  Temment,  are  reorganized.    Thejr 

took  cars  b>  eBooumos  tiaa  feeliog,  mil  iwmediUelf  resume  their  duly 

■ad  IB  one  at  its  decre«e  stated  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  tiM 

that,  beiac  "flnoly  resolved  io  Republic." 

joif^ntffif  tbfl  free  ezeicies  of  reli-  Anotlier;  "  The  c^dren  of  eiti- 

gious  worship,  and  wishing  te  as-  zens   killed   are   adopted  by  tlw 

sodaUtfaacetsecratioiiQf  religioas  oountr^.     The  BepuUio  charges 

feeling  with  the  ^eat  act  «f  liberty  itself   with  all  asaietancs   to  be 

■oquirad,  it  iantod  the  minieters  giTen  to  tbs  wounded,  and  to  the 

of  all  persuasions  whe  are  in  the  wnilias  of  the  Tiotims  of  the  Hon- 

territory  U  call  dews  dw  Divine  a#ebical  Government" 

blessing  «  the  work  of  the  peo-  The  f^hmng  i^tpointmeats  alto 

fta,  Ksa  to  invoka  on  it  ib»  spirit  took  plaee; — 

of  flnnness  and  rule  which  is  at  General     Subervie,     Uinister 

the  basis  of  «U  inntitiUaaas.''    It  9f  War;    Gensnd  B«leau,  Oom- 

also  EefoastBd  Iha  Archlnahtfp  of  bukuIm-  «f  the  First  Military  Di- 

Paris.  m  flU  the  hisbt^  of  the  vision  ;   U.   Edenne  Arago,  Di- 

B^oMio.  to  substitute  Cor  (he  <Ai  reoto^OenerBl  of  the  P«it  Office : 

fiun  of  ^^er  the  wards  "DoawM,  M.  Outnvd,  Chief  of  the  SufT  of 

aohwa  fue  SemfmUkMH."    And,  the  National  Guard  of  Paris:  U. 

at  A  later  period,  a  sort  of  naaia  Buobez,  Depul;  to  the  Hajot  ot 

haring   aaixad  the  Parisians  £)r  Paris  ;    M.    Reeait,    Prefect    of 

planting  trees  of  liberty,  these  wen  Police;  Sfid  General  Duvivierwaa 

acdtimuy  bksaed  hy  th»  paests,  charged  wiHi  the  organization  of 

«iw   ^linfclad  My  water  «ver  the  moveaUe  Natioiul  Guard,  of 

then,  And   pKHNnneed  a  formsl  whom    he    was    <q»p«iit(ed   Com. 

Iwaedklioa.    Some  idea  oif  their  nutnder-in-ctuef- 

nnmbar  may  be  ooiyectured  from  Another   deeree  provided  that 

tbe&Qtithatiadkeeoiireeof  afew  "  Civil,  j  ad  ieisl,  and  aAminiatratire 

dayBdMCur^ofScUedardUeBBed  faBCtionMiea   are   released   fma 

iw  less  thasi  tsrenty-oae  of  these  their  oath." 

tnaa.  Duiing  the  whole  day  the  peoide 

On  the  A6th  eeveml  decreee  thronged,  in  auigiog  sjulutudea, 

•were  issued  by  tfae  Ptovisional  G»  ithe  ]£u«  er  square  in  front  «f  the 

'Mnmeat-^me  of  wfakb  mm.  ihat  Hdtal  do  Ville,  and  five  times  was 

"  AU  lal^sHo  fdedged  at  the  Mont-  it-  de  Lamartiae  oUiged  to  ad- 

4s-Pi^,  from  Feb.  4,  consistfaig  of  idteae  them  from  the  windows ;  and 

linen,  clothea,  and  other  smaU  oc^  by  the  maffc  of  his  doquenee  be 

tides  on  vdiieh  not  more  than  Urn  succeeded  ia  pacifying  their  de- 

iinnos  haw  been  lent,  shall  lie  ama6e,  and  cooierted  ^ir  hoarse 

•gsnai  bsck  to  the  partiea  (o  vAnen  mwm>v»  into  aboiMs  of  aociama- 

tbey  halmig.      The  ^niMer   of  .^oo-     Vaioet  were  >eard  in  the 


244]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Franct 

crowd,  clamorously  demanding  that  mense  crowd.    M.  da  Lamortme, 

the  tricolour  whidi  waved  over  the  attended  by  the  other  Members  of 

Hdtel  de  VUle  should  be  replaced  the   Proviaional    Government,  de- 

by  a  red  flag,  but  this  mis  success-  scended   the   steps   of    the    g^-eat 

fully  resisted   by  De    Lamartine.  staircase,  and  thus  addressed  the 

He    harangued    the    tumultuous  vast  assemblage, 
crowdwithadmirablecour^e.iathe  _^       . 

following  heut-stirring  appeal : —  "  (^**f>*f> — 

"  It  la  thus  that  you  are  led        "  The  Provisional  Uovemment 

from  calumny  to  calumny  against  of  the  Republic  haa  called  upon 

the  men  who  have  devoted  them-  the  people  to  witness  its  gtaiitude 

Belves,  head,  heart,  and  breast,  to  for  the  magnificent  national  co- 

give  you  a  real  Bepublic — >the  Re-  operation  which  has  just  accepted 

public  of  all  rights,  all  interests,  these  new  institutions, 
and  all  the  legitimate  rights  of       "  The  Provisional  Qovemment 

the  people.    Yesterday  you  asked  of  the  Republic  has  only  joyful  in- 

us  to  usurp,  in  the  name  of  the  telligence     to     announce    to    the 

people    of    Paris,    the    rights    of  people  here  assembled. 
35,000.000  of  men,  to  vote  them         "  Royalty  is  abolished, 
an  absolute  Republic,  instead  of  a        "  The  Republic  is  proclaimed. 
Republic  invested  with  the  strength         "  The  |)eopte  will  exercise  their 

of  their  consent:  that  is  to  say,  political  nghte. 
to  make  that  Republic,  imposed        "  National  workshops  are  open 

and  not  consented  to,  the  will  of  a  for  those  who  are  without  work, 
part  of  the  people,  instead  of  the        "  The  army  is  being  reorganized, 

will  of  the  whole  nation.    To-day  The  National  Guard  indissolubly 

you  demand  of  us  the  red  fl^  in-  unites  itself  with  the  people,  so  as 

stead  of  the  tricolour  one.    Citi-  to  promptly  restore  order  with  the 

zens !   for  my  part,  I  will  never  same  hmd  that  had  only  the  pre- 

adopt  the  red  flag ;  and  1  will  ez-  ceding    moment    conquered    our 

plain  in  a  word  why  I  will  oppose  liberty. 

it  with  all  the  strength  of  my  pa-        "  Finally,  gentlemen,  the  Pro- 

triotism.     It  is,  citizens,  because  visional  Government  was  anziouB 

the  tricolour  flag  haa  made  the  to  be  itself  the  bearer  to  you  of  the 

tour  of  the  world,  under  the  Re-  lest  decree  it  has  resolved  on  and 

Eubhc  and  the  empire,  with  our  signed  in  this  memorable  sitting ; 
berties  and  our  glories,  and  that  that  is,  the  abolition  of  the  penalty 
the  red  flag  has  ouly  made  the  of  death  for  political  matters, 
tour  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  "  This  is  the  noblest  decree, 
trained  through  torrents  of  the  gentlemen,  that  has  ever  issued 
blood  of  the  people."  from  the  mouths  of  a  people  the 
The  effect  was  electric.  Loud  day  after  their  victoi?.  It  is  the 
cheering  and  clapping  of  hands  character  of  the  French  nation 
followed  thiaaddress, and  theorator  which  escapes  in  one  spontaneous 
was  nearly  suflbcated  by  the  efforts  cry  from  the  soul  of  its  Oovem- 
of  the  multitude  to  shake  hands  ment.  We  have  brought  it  with 
with  him  and  embrace  him.  us,  and  I  will  now  read  it  to  you. 
On  the  36th  the  Republic  was  There  is  not  a  more  becoming 
officially  proclaimed  at  the  HAtel  homage  to  a  people  than  the  spee- 
ds Ville,  in  the  presence  of  an  im-  tacle  of  its  own  magnanimity." 


Frmee.-]                        HISTORY.  [245 

"  Liberty,    equality,    and    fra-  Berioualy  to  raise  any  other  cry 

ternity  "  was  adopt«d  as  the  motto  than  that  of  the  Republic.     And 

of  the  new  Bepublic ;   and  these  yet,  standing  as  we  non  do  upon 

words  headed  the  numerous  de-  the  vantage-ground  of  subsequent 

ciees  which  were  poured  forth  in  experience,  we  may  safely  say  that, 

quick  succession  by  the  Provisional  in  the  outburst  of  democratic  fer- 

Govemment  at  the  H6tel  de  Ville.  vour  in  February,  "  the  semblance 

One  of  those  issued  on  the  26th  did  deceive  the  truth."  The  events 

proclaimed  the  abolition  of  royalty  in  Paris  stunned  and  paralyzed  the 

in  the  following  terms : —  nation,  and  the   watchword  that 

_^       .  was  there  raised  was  taken  up  and 

"  t^ttixent,  re-echoed  throughout  France,  be- 

"  Koyalty,  under  whatever  form  cause  no  one  had  the  moral  courage 
it  assumes,  ia  abolished.  No  to  protest  against  the  dictation  of 
more  legitimacy — no  more  Bona-  the  capital.  It  seems,  however, 
pardsm — no  regency.  The  Pro-  certain  that  even  at  the  first  the 
visional  Government  has  taken  all  great  bulk  of  the  middle  clasBea,  if 
the  necessary  measures  to  render  they  had  given  their  deliberate 
impossible  the  return  of  the  an-  opinion,  would  have  pronounced 
cient  dynasty,  or  the  advent  of  a  against  a  Bepublic ;  and  afterwards, 
new  one.  The  Republic  is  pro-  when  commerce  and  trade  were 
claimed.  The  people  are  united,  paralyzed,  and  bankruptoy  and  beg- 
All  the  forts  in  the  vicinity  of  the  gaiy  came  home  to  the  door  of 
capita]  are  ours."  the  shopkeeper,  the  artizan,  and 

On  the  following  day  (Sunday)  the  peasant,  the  great  experiment 

the  Republic  was  again  proclaimed,  was  universally  confessed  to  be  a 

irom  the  stops  of  the  Column  of  ftulure ;  and  in  the .  elevaljon  of 

July,  by  M.  Arago.  in  the  presence  Louie  Napoleon,  by  a  minority  of 

of  die    whole    of    the    National  millions,    to  the  presidency,   the 

Guards,   and  an  immense  multi-  nation  silently,  but  emphatically, 

tnde,  who  devotod  the  day  to  re-  declared  against  the  Republic, 

joidng,  although  the  weather  was  The  time  had  now  come  for  the 

most  unlavourable,  the  rain  pour-  new  Government  to  give  proof  that 

ii^  down  in  torrento,  accompanied  it    considered   itself    merely   pro- 

by  a  boisterous  wind.     When  M.  visional,  by  referring  the  question 

Dupont  (de  I'Eure)  presented  him-  of  a  constitotion  to  the  nation  at 

self  to  the  populace,  M.  Arago  ex-  large.      On  the   5th    of   March, 

claimed,  in  a  loud  voice,  *'  Listen '  therefore,  it  published  a  decree,  by 

it  is  eighty  years  of  a  pure  life  which  it  fixed  that  the  elections 

that  speaks  to  you."  should  take  place  on  the  0th  of 

Ijet  us  here  pause  for  a  moment,  April,  and  the  constituent  National 

and    ask   the    question,   whether  Assembly  meet  on  the  iiOth   of 

amidst   all   this  apparent  enlhu-  April.    At  the  same  time  it  an- 

siasm    and   unanimous   zeal,   the  nounced  the  following  as  the  ge- 

French  people  was   really .  repub-  neral    principles    of    the    decree 

lican    at    heart?      It    may  seem  which  it  was  about  to  issue ; — 

strange  that  any  doubt  of  such  a  "  1.  That  the  National  Assem- 

fact  should  be  suggested  or  im-  bly  shall  decree  the  constitution, 

plied,  for  not  a  single  province  or  "  3.  That  the  election  shall  have 

town,  or  even  individoal,  attempted  the  population  for  its  basis. 


246J            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [P'«»«« 

*'  S.  That  tiie  representatives  of  Afterwardfi.  henerer,  the  period 

the  people  sball  amoont  to  900  in  for  the  elections  was  changed  to 

UumW.  Sunday,  the   33rd   of  April,  and 

"  4.  That  the  Suffrage  shall  be  that  for  the  meeting  of  the  Na> 

direct  and  uniTersal,  without  any  tional  AeBembly  to  the  4th  of  May. 

limiUitiDD  as  to  property.  The  position  of  ^e  Repnblie 

"0.  That  all  Frenchmen  of  the  with    respect  to   foreign   Powers 

Bge  of  31  years  shall  be  eleotors,  was  a  matter  of  grave  anxiety. 

And  tbat  all   Frenchmen   of   S6  Hen  oould  not  forget  the  crueade 

years  of  age  shall  be  eligible.  against  the  rights  of  governments 

"  6.  That  tbe  ballot  shall  be  upon  which  the  only  French  Be- 

eecret"  public  which  was  yet  known  had 

The  decree  which  followed  this  been  so  fiercely  engaged ;  and  it 

declaration  contained  some   addi-  was  feared  that  llie  necessity  of 

tional  articles,  the  chief  of  which  finding  employment  for  the  army 

were  tbe  following :  and    the    ardent    population,    of 

"  1.  All  Frenchmen,  SO   years  which   so   many    thonsanda    were 

of  age,  and  not  judicially  deprived  thrown    suddenly    ont   of    work, 

of  or  suspended  in  the  exercise  of  might  precipitate  the  nation  into 

their  oivic  righta,  are  eligible.  an  Enropean  war.     The  danger  of 

"  2.  All  the  electors  shall  vote  attack  from  without  was  too  slight 

in  tbe  chief  town  of  their  district,  to  canse  any  real  uneaainoss,  al- 

by  ballot      Each   btdletin   shall  though  in  the  first  moments  of  ex- 

conttun  as  many  names  as  there  citement  troops  had  been  marobed 

khall  be  representatives  to  elect  in  towards  the  frontier  to  guard  the 

tbe  department  French  soil  against  any  attempt 

"  No  man. can  be  tiamed  a  re-  at  invasion.    In  order  to  quiet  tbe 

toresentative  of  the  people  Unless  apprehensions  of  foreign  Govern- 

be  obtain  9000  suffr^es.  ments  and  indicate  the  policy  of 

"  d.  Every  representative  of  the  tbe  new  Bepublic,  M.  de  Lamai^ 

people  shall  receive  an  indemni^  of  tine,  in  bis  capacity  of  Minister  of 

S6/.  per  day  during  the  Session."*  Foreign  AfKurs,  iasned  a  veiy  able 

.„,„.„             J       . ,  circular  or  manifesto  to  the  diplo- 

*  Tlis  faUoning  litf  wu  imdo  out  b;  *^ 

the  Proviuoaal  GoT«niment  in  order  to  et  Cher,  6|  L<nre,  II ;  Loire  ( Upper)) 

regulatE  tbe  number  of  i^prettnUtivei,  8;  Loire  (Loner),  13;  L<dret,  8;  Lot, 

•ocordlng  to  ik  popaiaIion~4tMl  i*,  one  7;  Lol  et  darotme,  0;  Loi^,  i;  MaIm 

repnuatathe  hr  every  4AO0O  iahibil-  et  Loin,  1S|  Muiche,  19;  Heme,  9s 

anU.  Manie(Upper),fi  Hajenne,e;  Meurtbe, 

<' The  depBRment  of  the  Aid  to  return  11  (  Meiue,  8;  Morbiliui,  13 1  MoKlla, 

9  tepreaentatitea;  Aitna,  H;  Ailier.Sj  11;    Ni^rre,  8;    Nord,  28;    Oiu,  10^ 

Alpi  (Lower),   4;    Alpa  (Upper),  9;  Ome,   II;  Pu  de  Cald>,  17;   Pu;  d 


.    .1   Arridge,  7)  Dome,  15;   Pfreneee  (Loner),  11 ;  Fy- 

Aube,  7;  Arevron,   10|  Honthi  of  the  TeDeee(UpiMr),  6|  ISreaeeaf  Beaten), 

Rhone,  10;    6dv>dot.  13;   Ciolel.  7;  6)  Rhine  (lower),  U;  IUaM(Upper!. 

Cbarante,   9;    Chvente  (Loner),   12;  13;    Rhone,   14;    Saone  (Upper),  9; 

Cher,7;  Connie,  8;  tunica,  6;  C^  Sabne  et  Loire,  14;  Sarthe,  12:  Seine, 

d'Or,  10;   Cotea  du  Nord,  16;  Creuie,  34;  Seine  (Lotrer),  19;  Seine  et  Mene, 

7;  Dordopie,  18)  I>Mib>,7;  Drome,  B|  9;  8»i)e«t  Oiie,  13;   Sevraa  (Two),  8| 

Sure,  111  Eure  el  Loh«,  7;   Finialero,  Somme,  14;  Tarn,  9;  I^et  Garonne, 

15;  G«d,  10;  Oaronne  (Upper),  12 1  6;    Var,  9;    Vaucluse,  6;    Veadte,  9; 

Oora,  B;  OiroDde,  15;  Herault,  10;  Hie  Vienne,  9;  Vlenne  (Upper),  8;  Voagee, 

MVi1une,l4;  tndre,7:   Indre  et  Loire,  It;  Yonne,9— in  all,  885;  Algeria  and 

8;   U^re,  ISt  Jun,8i  Landea,  7;  Loire  the  Cotonieet  ■&    Total,  900." 


FroMe.^                    HISTORY.  [247 

mBtic  agents  of  France  thntughout  be  to  retr^nde  with  the  advance 

Eurrae.     In  tbis  be  said —  of  time.    Tae  revolution  of  jester- 

"'DieprockmatioDoftheFTeDoh  da;  is  a  step  in  advance,  and  not 
Bepublicisnotanactof  ^[greasioD  one  backwards.  The  world  and 
against  any  form  of  government  in  ourselves  Viish  to  march  to  fra- 
tbe  world.  The  forms  of  govern-  temitj  and  peace." 
ment  have  divereilies  as  legitimate  After  anuyzing  the  character  of 
aa  the  forms  of  character,  the  geo<  the  revolution  of  IT93,  and  con- 
graphical  situation,  the  intellectual,  trasting  it  with  that  which  had 
moral,  and  material  development  just  been  accomplished,  M.  de 
of  nations.  Nations,  like  indi-  Lamartine  proceeded: — 
viduals,  have  different  ages.  The  "Do  not  deceive  jouraelves, 
principles  which  govern  them  have  nevertheless.  Those  ideas  which 
successive  phases :  monarchical,  the  Provisional  Government 
anstocratkal,  constitutional,  re-  charges  you  to  present  to  the 
publican  govemosents  are  the  ex-  Powers,  as  a  pledge  of  European 
pressiona  of  the  different  degrees  safety,  have  not  for  their  object 
of  the  maturity  of  the  genius  of  to  obtain  forgiveness  to  the  lie- 
Ihe  diSerent  nations.  They  de-  public  for  having  had  the  boldness 
mand  more  liberty  in  proportion  to  create  itself,  and  still  less  to 
as  they  feel  themselves  capable  of  ask  humbly  the  place  of  a  great 
supporting  more.  They  demand  right  and  a  great  people  in  Europe, 
more  equality  and  democracy  in  They  have  a  more  noble  object: 
proportion  aa  they  are  the  more  to  make  sovereigns  and  nations 
inapired  with  the  feeling  of  justice  reSeot,  and  not  to  allow  them  to 
aoa  love  for  the  people.  It  is  a  deceive  themselves  involuntarily 
question  of  time.  A  nation  goes  as  to  the  character  of  our  revo- 
astrsy  in  outrunning  the  hour  of  lution ;  to  give  its  true  light  and 
that  maturity,  as  it  dishonours  its  just  character  to  the  event;  in 
itself  in  allowing  it  to  escape  with-  short,  to  give  pledgee  to  humanity 
out  seizing  upon  it.  The  monarchy  before  giving  them  to  our  right 
and  the  republic  are  not,  in  the  and  to  our  honour,  if  they  should 
eyea  of  true  statesmen,  absolute  be  una<:knowIedged  or  threatened, 
principles  which  are  enemies  to  "The  Freudi  Republic  will, 
the  death;  they  are  facta  which  then,  not  make  war  on  any  one. 
are  contrasted  to  each  other,  and  It  has  no  occasion  to  say  that,  if 
which  can  live  face  to  face  while  conditions  of  war  are  laid  down  to 
they  understand  and  respect  each  the  French  people,  it  vrill  accept 
other.  them.    The  thoughts  of  the  men 

"  War,  then,  is  not  the  prin-  who  at  the  present  moment  govern 
dple  of  the  French  Bepublio,  as  France  are  these:  it  will  be  for- 
it  became  the  fatal  and  glorious  tunate  for  France  if  war  be  de> 
necessity  of  the  Republic  in  1793.  dared  against  it,  and  if  it  be  con- 
Between  1793  and  1618  there  is  strainedthustoincreaseinBtrength 
half  a  century.  To  return,  after  and  in  glory,  in  spite  of  its  mode- 
the  lapse  of  half  a  centuiy,  to  the  ration ;  it  vrill  be  a  terrible  re- 
prindples  of  179S,  or  to  the  prin-  sponsibility  for  France  if  the  Re- 
ciples  of  conquest  and  of  empire,  public  itself  declare  war  without 
would  not  be  to  advance ;  it  would  beiug  provoked  to  it." 


248]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Prance. 

Tha    following   passages   were  "  The  B«public,  you  see,  b?  its 

more     aminous,     and     suggested  first  step  repudiates  the   nra  of 

grare  reflections: — >  proscriptions    and    of    dictations. 

"The  Treaties  of  1316  enist  no  She  is  decided  never  to  veil  liberty 

longer  as  law  in  the  eyes  of  the  at  home.     She  is  equally  decided 

French    Republic ;    nevertheless,  never  to  veil  its  democratic  prin- 

the  territorial  circumscriptions  of  ciple  abroad.     She  will  never  per- 

these  treaties  are  a  fact  which  it  mit  any  one  to  interpose  between 

admits  as  a  basis,  and  as  a  point  the  pacific  radiation  of  its  liberty 

de   dijmrt  in  its    relations    with  and  the  regard  of  nations.     She 

other  nations.  proclaims  herself  the  intellectual 

"  But  if  the  Treaties  of  1815  do  and  cordial  ally  of  every  right,  of 

not  exist  any  longer  excepting  as  every  pn^ess,  of  every  legitimate 

facts  to  modify  a  common  under-  development  of  the  institudona  of 

standing,   and   if    the    Republic  nations  which  wish  to  live  on  the 

declares  openly  that  its  right  and  some  principle  as  hereelf.      She 

its  mission  is  to  arrive  regularly  will  not  endeavour  any  immoderate 

and  pacifically  at  these  modifica-  or  incendiaty  propogandism  among 

tioDS.  the  good  sense,  the  modera-  her  neighbours.     She  knows  that 

tiou,  the  conscience,  the  prudence  there  is  no  durable  freedom  but 

of  the  Republic  exist,  and  are  for  that  which  grows  of  itself  on  its 

Europe  a  better  and  more  honour-  own  soil.     But  it  will  exercise  by 

able  guarantee  than  the  letter  of  the  light  of    its    ideas,    by    tha 

those   treaties,    so   often  violated  spectacle  of  order  and  of  peace 

and  modified  by  Europe  itself.  which  it  hopes  to   give   to  tha 

*'  Thus,  we  declare  it  openly,  if  world,  the   sole  and  honest  pro- 

tha  hour  of  the  reconstruction  of  selytismofesteemandof sympathy, 

some   nationalities,    oppressed    ia  That  is  not  war — it  is  nature. 

Europe  or  elsewhere,  should  ap-  That  is  not  the  agitation  of  Europe 

pear  to  us  to  have  sounded  in  the  — it  Is  life.  That  is  not  to  embroil 

decrees  of  Providence — if  Switzer-  the  world — it  is  to  shine  from  its 

land,  our  faithful  ally  since    the  place  on  tha  horizon  of  nations,  to 

timeofFrancisL.wereconstrained  advance  them,  and  to  guide  them 

or  threatened  in  the  advance  which  at  the  same  time.    We  desire,  for 

she  is  efiectiug  in  her  government,  humanity,  that  tha  peace  be  pre- 

in  order  to  lend  additional  strength  served.     We  even  hope  it.     One 

to  the  fascine  of  democratic  govern-  only  question  of  war  was  mooted, 

menta — if  the  independent  states  a  year  ago,  between  England  and 

of  Italy  vrere  invaded — if  any  limits  France.     It  was   not  Republican 

or  obstacles  were  imposed  on  their  France  which  started  that  question 

internal  transformations  —  if  the  of  war ;  it  was  the  dynasty.     The 

rightofallianoe  among  themselves,  dynasty  carries  away  with  it  that 

in  order  to  consolidate  an  Italian  danger  of  war  which  it  had  given 

nation,    were   contested   by   main  rise  to  for  Europe  by  the  entirely 

force — the  French  Republic  would  personal    ambition   of  its   family 

believe  itself  entitled  to  arm  itself  alliances    in    Spain.     Thus,   that 

in  order  to  protect  these  legitimate  domestic    policy     of    the     &llen 

movements  of  the  greatness  and  dynasty,  which  weighed  for  seven- 

the  nationality  of  states.  teen  years  on  our  national  dignity. 


ifronw.]  HISTORY.  [249 

weighed  at  the  same  time,  b;  its  pose  all  political  functions  mast 

pretensions  to  another  crown  at  be  allotCea  to  men  sure,  and  of 

Madrid,  on  our  Liberal  alliances  Republican      principles.      Eveiy- 

and  on  peace.     The  Republic  has  where  the  prefects  and  sub-pre- 

no  ambition.    The  Republic  has  fects  ought  to  be  changed.     In 

no  nepotism.     It  inherits  not  the  some  loadiliea  their  continuance 

pretensions  of  a  family.  Let  Spain  in  office  is  demanded;  it  is  joui 

govern  itself;  let  Spain  be  inde-  duty  to  make  the  population  pei^ 

pendent  and  free.   France,  for  the  ceive    that    those    persons    who 

solidity  of  this  natural  alliance,  served  a  power  each  act  of  which 

counts  more  on  the  conformity  of  was  a  corruption  cannot  be  pre- 

principles  than  on  the  successions  served.    The  nomination  of  snb- 

of  the  House  of  Bourbon."  commissioners    to    replace    tbose 

But,  if  the  manifesto  of  the  functionaries  belongs  to  you ;  and 

Foreign  Minister  was  upon  the  you  can  refer  to  me  whenever  you 

whole  satisfactory,  a  circular  issued  feel    any    hesitation.     Choose    in 

soon  afterwards  by  M.  Ledru  Rol-  preference  men  belonging  to  the 

lin,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  chief  tovru.     You  are  not  to  take 

to  the  "  Commissionera "  of  the  them  in  the  arrondissement  itself. 

Provisional  Government  through-  unless  you  know  them  to  be  por- 

out  France,  caused  lively  alarm  In  fectly  free  from  all  spirit  of  coterie. 

the  minds  of  the  public,  who  saw  Do  not  set  young  men  aside,  as 

in  it  a  spirit  of  propagandism  of  ardour  and  generosity  are  the  pri- 

the  most  dangerous  nature.     The  vtlegeofthatage.and  the  Republic 

following  extracts  will  give  some  has  need  of  those  fine  qualities, 
idea  of  the  mode  of  action  which         "  2.  Your    Relations    with  the 

it  inculcated  ; —  Officers  in  command  of  the  Troops. 

"  1.  What  ere  your  Powers. —  — You  are  exercising  the  powers 
They  are  unlimited.  Agent  of  a  of  the  executive  authority,  so  that 
revolutionary  authority,  yon  are  the  armed  force  is  under  your 
revolutionary  also.  The  victory  of  orders.  You  can  call  it  out,  and 
the  people  has  imposed  on  you  the  put  it  in  movement ;  you  can  even, 
duty  of  getting  your  work  pro-  in  grave  cases,  suspend  a  corn- 
claimed  and  consolidated.  For  the  mending  officer,  referring  the  case 
accomplishment  of  that  task  you  immediately  to  me.  But  you  ought 
are  invested  vrith  its  sovereignty ;  to  show  the  greatest  caution  in  ^is 
you  take  orders  only  from  your  part  of  your  functions." 
conscience;  you  are  to  act  as  cir-  But,  vrith  reference  to  the 
cumstances  may  demand  for  the  Elections,  a  still  more  pernicious 
public  safety.  Thanks  to  our  state  doctrine  was  proclaimed  by  M. 
of  public  morals,  that  mission  is  Caruot,  the  Minister  of  Public 
not  a  very  terrible  one.  Hitherto  Instruction,  iu  a  circular  which  he 
you  have  not  had  to  break  down  addressed  to  the  Rectors  of  Aca- 
any  serious  resistance,  and  you  demies.  It  is  difficult  to  imagine 
have  been  able  to  remaiu  calm  in  how  any  one  could  have  dared  to 
your  force ;  you  must  not.  how-  insult  the  good  sense  of  mankind 
ever,  deceive  yourself  as  to  the  by  such  advice  as  the  following: — 
state  of  the  country.  Republican  "  The  great  error  against  which 
sentiments  ought  to  be  strongly  the  inhabitants  of  our  Agricultural 
forwarded  there,  and  for  that  pur-  districts  must  be  guarded  is  this 


260]           ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  EF«««- 

— that  in  order  to  be  a  repre-  Tennent  to  expresa  the  consterna:- 

sentative  it  is  neeegaary  either  to  tion  which  had  been  exotted  bj  the 

eqjo;  the  advantages  of  education  language  of  two  t^  its  Members, 

or  the  gifts  of  fortuna     As  &t  as  they  were  received  by  the  Foreign 

education  is  concerned,  it  is  dear  Minister,  who  aasurod  them  that 

that  an  honest  peasant,  possessed  the  Provisional  Goverament  had 

of  good  sense  and  experience,  will  anthorized  no  one  to  speak  to  the 

represent  the  int«reBts  of  his  class  nation  in  ita  name,  and  eepeciallj 

in  the  assembly  of  the  nation  in-  to  speak  a  language  saperior  to  the 

finitely  better   than  a  rich   and  laws.     He  declared  that  the  Oo- 

educated  citizen    having    no    ex-  vemment,     recognising     freedom 

perieoce  of  roral  life  or  bhnded  of  opinion,  repudiated  that  worst 

by  interests  at  vanance  with  those  sort  of  corruption,  intimidation — 

of  the  bulk  of  the  peasantry.     As  and  had  deliberately  resolved  not 

to  fortune,  the  remuneration  which  to   interfere,   as    a    Qoremment, 

will  be  assigned  to  all  the  Members  directly  or  indirectly  in  the  elec- 

of  the  Assembly  will  suffice  for  the  tions.     He  said  also  that  he  hoped 

maintenance  of  the  very  poorest  "  that  public  opinion  would  bo  re- 

"  It  most  not  be  forgotten  that,  assured,  and  would  not  take  in  an 

in  a  great  asesmbly  like  that  which  alanning  sense  some  words  wrongly 

is  about  to  assemble,  the  m^ority  intenreted  in  the  documents  of 

of  the  Members  fulfil  the  functions  the   Ministers,  who  attach  their 

of  jurors.     They  decide  offlrma*  signatures  often  in  haste." 

tively  or  negatively  whether  the  In  order    more  completely  to 

measures  proposed  by  the  ilite  of  assure  the  public  mind  and  restore 

the  members   are  good  or  bad.  confidence,   the    Provisional   Go- 

They  only  require    hones^  and  Terutnent  in  a  body,  on  the  1  Tlh  of 

good  sense;  they  do  not  invent."  March,  published  a  proclamation 

These  sentiments,  however,  of  to   the  French   nation,   in  which 

UM.  Camot  and  Ledru  Rollin,  by  they  warmly  eulc^ed  the  conduct 

tiie  dread    which  they  inspu^d,  of  the  people  of  Paris,  and  said — 

threatened  to  produce  a  reaction  in  "  They  have,  in  a  word,  made  the 

&vonr  of  monarchical  instltntiona,  name  of  the  people  synonymous 

and  the  Government  hastened  to  with  oourt^,  clemency,  and  virtue, 

disavow  them.    Indeed  it  was  evi-  We  have  but  one  won  of  instruc- 

dent  that  the  Cabinet  already  con-  tion  to  give  you.    Be  inspired  by 

tained  two  parties :  the  one  devoted  and  imitate  the  people!     Think, 

to  extreme  ideasi  and  ready  to  carry  feel,  vote,  and  act  like  them  1  The 

ont  the  doctrine  of  the  "  rights  ckT  Provisional  Goverament  will  not 

the  people"  to  the  most  extrava^  imitate    the   Govemmente  which 

gant  and  impncticabls  lengths;  oeurptbesovereigntyof  the  people, 

the  other,   sincerely    Republican,  which  corrupted  the  electors,  and 

but  more  moderate  in  its  views,  and  which    purchased    at    an    immo- 

anxious  chiefly  for  the  preservation  ral    price   the  conscience   of    the 

of  order.     Of  these   the  former  country.     To  what  purpose  is  it 

was  supposed  to  be  represented  by  that  Governments  should  succeed 

M.  Ledm  Hollin,  the  latter  by  M.  each  other  if  we  are  to  reeembla 

deLamartiOe.    When  a  deputation  them?    To  what  purpose  have  we 

from  the  ftepnblican  Club  of  Paris  created  and  adored  the  R^ublic  if 

waited  upon  the  Provisional   Go*  the  Republic  is  to  be  the  first  to 


Fnww.]                     HISTORY.  [251 

«nter  the  atougb  of  rojttl^,  which  "  Yon  will  feel  that  the  new  and 

b  ftboUelied?  The  Provisional  Go-  Btrong  popular  inslibilioiia  which 

remment  considers  it  to  be  one  of  sre   about  to  emanate  from   the 

its  dudes  to  ihed  upon  eleotond  National  Assembly  will  open  to 

OTOiKtioiu   tbkt  Ught  which  en-  the  army  «  career  of  deroledness 

hgfatena  oocsciences  without  fore-  and    service   whtiA    the  national 

ing  them.     It  confineB  itself  to  freedom  will  appreoitte  and  noom- 

neatralising  the  hostile  influence  pense  better  aan    kings.      Tbs 

of  the  late  AdministiMJon,  which  tmil;  of  the  armj'  ana   of   the 

has  perverted  and   changed   the  petals,  for  a  moment  impaired, 

naCora  of  elections.    The  Prori-  most  be  reestablished.  Swear  love 

aional  aovsrament  wishes  that  the  to  the  people,  among  whom   ars 

pobtio  coDScienoe  should  be  p&ta-  your  falhera  and  brothers !  Swear 

mount     It  does  not  dittorb  itself  fldeli^  to  these  new  institutions, 

with   respect  to   andent  parties,  and  everything  wilt  be  loi^tten, 

The  old  parties  have  Uvea  a  cen-  save  yoor  cotirage  and  discipline, 

tnry  in  three  days  I   The  Bepublio  Liberty  will  ask  no  other  services 

wilt  oonvcrt  them  to  itself  if  it  be  bom  yon  than  those  before  which 

firm  and  just  towards  them.    No-  yon  mil  have  to  rqoice  and  glorify 

oessity  ia  a  great  master.    Ttis  yonraleves  bc&re  its  enemies." 

Bepablic,  be  it  observed,  has  the  The   army,  however,   gave  no 

gora  fbrtaoe  to  be  a  Government  tnmble  to  uie  Oovermnent.    Its 

M  necessity.    Reflection  is  on  our  actioD  had  been  panlyned  at  the 

side.    It  is  impossible  to  ascend  oommenoement  of  the  Revolutloo, 

to  monarchy.    We  cannot  descend  by  the  order  prohibiting  the  troopa 

to  unknown  anarchy.    Everybody  to  Are  upon  the  popnlace  when 

will  be  republioan  through  con-  MU.  Thiers  and  OditloD  fiamt 


r  independence  of  suf-  disposition  to  interfere  with  the 
frags  wliich  you  wish  for  youi^  course  of  events.  At  the  important 
selves.  Regard  not  the  name  which  fortressof  Vinoennes,  intheneigfa- 
those  you  consider  your  enemies  bonihood  of  Paris,  and  the  forts 
write  upoo  their  nillot,  and  be  around  the  city,  which  Louis  Phi- 
aasnr«d  beforehand  that  they  will  Uppe  had  been  so  anxious  to  con- 
wiits  the  only  name  irtiioh  oan  stmot,  the  garrisons  with  little 
save  themt  that  is,  that  of  a  Re-  hesitatian  declared  for  the  Repub- 
pablio,  cifiable  and  honest"  Uo.  And,  after  the  inaagnration  of 
Amidst  the  various  dudss  wliiafa  the  Frorisional  Oovemment,  one 
pressed  wiUi  overwhelming  foroe  of  the  first  officers  who  placed  his 
iqion  the  Members  of  the  Provi-  sword  at  its  disposal  was  Marshal 
sunal  Ooremmant,  they  had  to  Bogeand,  Dnke  of  Isly.  The  em- 
dlrect  immediate  attention  to  the  ploymmit  of  the  woikmen  of  the 
three  important  qaestions  of  the  capital  was  not  so  easy ;  bat  a 
army ;  the  support  of  the  unem-  National  Guard  mobUt  was  im- 
ployed  multitades  of  Paris;  and  mediately  formed,  on  the  pretext 
the  stats  of  the  public  finsnoes.  that  their  services  might  be  re- , 
To  the  aimy  a  proclamation  was  quired  to  march  to  the  frontier, 
addressed,  nhicb  contained  the  This  was  to  oonsiat  of  S4  batta. 
following  passages : —  lions  of  tOSS  men  each,  and  the 


252j  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.         [Fra^. 

pay  of  each  private  was  fixed  at  out  the  ^rliole  day,  and  antil  late 

30  sous  per  day.  at  night,  the  armed  populace  kept 

A  quarrel,  however,  took  place  posBeBsion  of  the  streets,  aaid  did 

between  the  National  Guards  and  not  separate  until  thej  were  fully 

the    GovenuDent  which    at  first  BAsured  that  no   further  attempt 

threatened  to  be  serioua,  but  ended  would  be  made  by  the  dissatiefied 

in  atrengtheoiug  the  hands  of  the  companiee  of  the  National  Guard. 

Utter.     The  grenadier  and  light  Thua   the   people   of  Paris  wer« 

iofantTj  companies   of  that  body  again  victorious  in  the  preeence  of 

consisted  of  men  of  more  substance  organized  battalions  of  troops,  and, 

and  station  than  tbereet  of  theforce;  though  on  this  occasion  they  rallied 

and,  as  the  SlUe  of  the  corps,  they  to   support  the   existing  Govem- 

were  regarded  with  feelings  of  jea-  ment,  the  display  served  as  a  proof 

lousy  and  dislike  by  their  comrades,  how  completely  they  were  masters 

In  the  spirit  of  Bepublican  equality  of  the  destinies  of  France, 
the  Minister  of  the  Interior  issued        Orders  were  given  to  resume 

an  order  for  the    dissolution   of  the   public  works  which  were   in 

these  companies,  and  the  fusion  of  progress  at  the  outbreak  of  the 

them  with  the  others.     This  mea-  Revolution ;   and  decrees  full  of 

sure  gave  great  offence  to  the  dis-  ciyoleiy  and  fiatteiy  to  the  worii- 

banded  corps,  and  on  the  I6th  of  ing  classea  were  issued  from  the 

March  a  lai^e  body  of  them  pro-  prolific  mint  of  the  Provisional 

ceeded  without  arms  to  the  Hotel  Government.     One  of  them  ran  as 

de  ViUe,  and  demanded  a  recall  follows:— 
of   the    obnoxious  decree.      The        "  From  Wednesday  March   I, 

Government  stood  firm,  and  the  important  works  will  be  organized 

National  Guards  retired,  threaten-  on  different  points.     All  workmen 

ing  to  return  on  the  morrow  viih  who  wish  to  take  part  in  them 

arms    in    their  hands   to  compel  should  apply  to  one  of  the  mayors 

compliance  with  their  wishes.   The  of  Paris,  who  will  receive  their  ap- 

populace,  however,  warmly  sjinpa-  plications,  and  direct  them  without 

thizedwiththeactof  the  Minister;  delay  to  the  different  work-yards, 
and  next  morning  they  assembled  _,    ,  ,  r,     ■ 

in  vast  crowds  In  frint  of   the  "  ^'»-knim  of  Pans.- 

Hotel  de  Ville,  and  in  all  the        "  Tou  wish  to  live  honourably 

Bvenues  leading  to  it,  fully  deter-  by  labour ;  all  the  efforts  of  the 

mined  to  resist  by  force  any  at-  Provision^  Government  will,  yon 

tempt  on  the  part  of  the  discon-  may  rely  on  it,  be  directed  to  assist 

tented  Nation^   Guards  to  over-  you  in  the  accomplishment  of  that 

awe  the  Provisional  Government,  vrish.     The  Republic  has  a  right 

When  these  troops  appeared  in  the  to  expect,  and  it  does  expect,  from 

course   of  the   day,  and  insisted  the  patriotism  of  all  its  citizens, 

upon  marching  to    the   Hotel  de  that  the  example  it  givra  may  be 

Ville,  the  multitude  who  occupied  followed.    In  that  manner  the  ex- 

the  quays  and  streets  leading  to  tentof  the  works  may  be  increased, 

the  Place  de   GrSve  would   not  Let  labour,  therefore,  eveiywhere 

allow  them  to  pass,  and  the  de-  resume  its  wonted  activity.    Work- 

monstration  vras  so  imposing  that  men,  after  victory,  labour  is  a  fine 

the  National  Guards  did  not  ven-  example  which  you  have  to  give 

ture  to  force  a  passage.     Through-  to  the  world,  and  you  will  give  it." 

.  -Ac 


Franc,.]  HISTORY.  [263 

Another  vas  stiil  more  explicit  give  tbem  practical  effect.    Laroe 

aod  munificent  in  ita  promises.  bodies  proceeded  to  the  H6tel  de 

"  Considering  that  the  Revolu-  Yille,    and   demanded    that    the 

tion  made  by  the  people  ought  to  period  of  labour  should  be  reduced 

be  made /or  them ;  to  ten  hours  a  day;  «  minimum 

"  That  it  is  time  to  put  an  end  rate  of  wages  establiahed;  and  the 

to  the  long  and  iniquitous  suffer-  system  of  employing  middlemen 

ingB  of  wonimen ;  abolished.    And  one  of  the  first 

"  That  the  labour  question  is  acts  of  the  new  Commission  was 

one  of  supreme  importance ;  to  decree  that, 

"  That  there  is  no  other  more         "  Considering  that  the  intention 

tngb  or  more  worthy  of  the  conei-  of    the    ProTisional   Government, 

deration  of  a  Republican  Govern-  such  as  it  appears  from  the  very 

ment :  terms  of  the  decree,  has  been  to 

"  That  it  belongs  to  France  to  spare  the  strength  of  the  opera- 

stndy  ardently,  and  to  resolve  a  tives,  and  toleaveaportionof  their 

problem  submitted  at  present  to  time  for  their  intelligence; 
all  the  industrial  nations  of  Europe;        "The  duration  of  effective  1a- 

"  The  Provisional  Government  boor  in  Parisand  in  the  suburbs  ia 

of  the  Republic  decrees  a  perma'  fixed  at  ten  hours,  for  all  profes- 

nent  commission,  which  shall  be  sions." 

named  Communon  da  Qoutertu-        In  order  to  find  occupation  for 

mtnt  pour  Ut  TTavaUleurt,  is  about  the  dangerous  class  of  unemployed 

to  be  nominated,  with  the  express  workmen, nationalworkshopscalled 

and  special  mission  of  occupying  aUliert  were  opened  by  the  Go- 

themselves  with  their  lot  vernment,  where  two  francs  a  day 

"  To  show  how  much  import-  were  paid  to  those  who  were  en- 
ance  tfae  Provisional  Government  gaged ;  and,  as  it  vras  impossible  to 
of  the  Republio  attaches  to  the  employ  all,  who  applied  in  crowds 
solution  of  this  great  problem,  it  for  admission,  one  iranc  a  day  was 
nominates  President  of  the  Com-  in  the  mean  time  doled  out  to 
miasion  of  Government  for  Work-  thoee  to  whom  work  could  not  im- 
men  one  of  its  members,  M.  Louis  mediately  be  given.  This,  how- 
Blanc,  and  for  Vice-President  an-  ever,  produced  a  very  evil  effect, 
other  of  its  members,  M.  Albert,  The  operatives  preferred  the 
workman  (ouvrUr*).  smaller  pay  and  idleness  to  higher 

"  Workmen  will  be  invited  to  wages  and  work,  and  their  minds 

form  mrtof  the  committee.  had  become   so  unsettled  by  the 

"  The   seat   of   the  committee  events  in  which  they  had  played 

will  be  at  the  Palace  of  the  Luzem-  such  a  prominent  part,  that  they 

boorg."  were  dismdined  to  return  to  habits 

These  doctrines  were  of  course  of  steady  industiy.    This  produced 

highly  acceptable  to  the  labouring  a  remonstrance  from  Marie,  the 

classes,  and  thhy  determined  to  MinisterofPublioWoriiB,whothuB 
addressed  the  ouvritrt  of  Paris. 


tSxeA  ID  ill  die  proclunBtiom  to   H,  "  Citiz^tu, — 

Albert'*  nuDe.    He  wu,  bowev^  not  ui  ■' You  demanded  that  the  terms 

Tlie  object  of  the  addiUon  kMifidenllj  "»   «1"C*>    JO"   ^^W""   ^""^^^   ^ 

obviam.  ameliorated,    and    your  demands 


254]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  t^«««- 

were  eatiaSecL    AH  mtenB«diafie>  more  liberal  ideas,  should  gire  tbo 

between  the  mttter  sud  operetire  example  of  sending  awajfbreigneiB 

h*re  b«eii  maoved  hj  oommon  far  tbe  simple  reaeon  l^  ther  are 

oooord.  and  the  jperiod  of  tbe  da^ 'a  foTeigner§,  we  ehould,  besidto  a 

woit  has  been  fixed  at  ten  hours,  sbamerul  violation   of  our   pris- 

NerertkdflW,  fi>r  some  d^B  pant  ciples,  be  exposed  to  repriBafs  on 

the  great  workshops  opened  bj  the  toe  part  of  foreign  eonntries.    Do 

stAta  or  bj  msaniaetureES,  whom  tou  know  bow  many  woriunan  w« 

the  difficnlt;  of  cimunstances  and  have    ia    England?     Then   are 

the  financial  crisis  hare  mA  a  mo-  23,000 ;    in     Spain     there    am 

ment  discouEBged, hare a^^  been  I9ji00;   at  ACoDterideo,   ]a,000. 

yMndoned,  or  are  menaced  widi  If  jou  dismiss  fomimen,  you  do 

being  so.    Oilizcgas,  jou  are  men  iigniy  to  yonr  brethren  abroad ; 

of  induetiy,  and  joa  uv  proud  and  the  Government  would  bU 

o£  jour  eonditton — and  ;ou  aie  in  its   moat  rigarouB  duty,  tbat 

right,   for   utdostrj  ia  ths  ^e  of  protecting  FroQchmen  wbererm: 

source  of  happLoess,  ior  mas.  Bar  ihey  majr  be,  who  woald  cuse  the 

his  fiunilj.  and  for  all  Bocaetj,  for  impnidence  of  the  OtntKoweot  if 

in  tlist  aloDO  consists  tme  iode-  tbej  were  wtims." 
pendence  and  true  libertj.    Be-        It  was  calcnlated  that  the  amount 

turn,  then,  to  your  workshops,  pe-  of  ready  monej  at  the  diapeesl  of 

sums  that  aetiTe  and  labcsioua  life  tlw  8t«i«  «aa  860,000,000/.,  oi 

vkioh  is  MB  bwotir  to  you.  and  a  wfaieb    836,OO0,OOQr',    wmn    da- 

Buijectofliopefer  the  ooantiy."  posited  in  Uie  Bank  of  Fraaee,  «ad 

From  tbe  QontmenceBMnt  of  the  b&.OOQJiOOf.  in  the  Treasiuy. 
Berdidaon  the  gmteet  hostility        One  of  the  first  earas  of  t^ 

had   everywhere    been    displayed  new  Govenunent  iffss  to  pronde 

by  d»  piqnilaoe  against  Ute  Eo^-  for  the  due  payment  of  the  toxas: 

Ix^  workmen   amployed  on  the  aaditpuhlialiedadecree.inwluctt, 

M^roade,  ami  in  tbe  difiarant  ma-  after  pnmusing  a  reriaen  «f  tbs 

tiniao&iiiBg    estaUishments,    and  syalem  o£  taxalion  and  resaoval  of 

the  oonse^HeoDe  wsa  titat   their  obnaXiMia  imposts,  it  declared  that 

maatecs  were  cveiywhcrs  obliged  "  the  French  Republic,  altJboi^ 

to  dncclas  tbcv.     Is  naay  places  it  ia  tJtw  Buceesmr  of  «  Govem- 

tlioy  had  to  fly  for  tlteir  lives,  asd  jment  of  prodigality  and  oorruption, 

fsbiciied  to  England  «4n>llTdeeti-  accepts  and   wishes  le  fulfil  all 

tnte.    At  a  latw  psEwd,  aittf  the  Migagements  and  resiain  faithful 

misc^aef  wtss  dena,  and  faw,  if  to  all  coaliBcta. 
any,  foreign  Miqilei^  vera  left  in        "  Xbat,  ia  the  ssidat  of  tniuient 

FmncSifheGorenimentsuniMiMied  difficnilties  inseponbto    to   eveiy 

B9  couia^  to  declare  that  it  nould  great  commotion,  it  would  be  highly 

psDbsot    thom,   nd  M.  Uansat  imprudent   t*   djminidi   the   re- 

tliBs  addieesed  a  dsptttadoo  xriiich  wouiees  of  the  Trsasary. 
prsiyad  /or  tlmr  immediBte  dis-        "  That  it  would  thereby  jaeor 

"Hf '  the  risk  of  suspendii^  or  compro- 

"  The  Republic  desires  liberty  iBiatng  tlw  meat  important   ser- 

for  all,  fraternity  between  dl  men,  ^icee,  and  be  less  able  to  think  of 

and  an  alliance  between  all  na-  making  provisions  against  events 

lions.     1£,  uB&rtanately,  lU^hli-  Fnnee   and    Eun>pe    may   mt- 

can  FnncB,  Mrhioh  «u^it  to  bars  neas. 


..Coogic 


*V«w]                     HISTORY.  [255 

"  Prom  these  conaiderBtionB  the  uchj  ibiorbed  to  make  ench  s 

ProviaionalGoveminentdecreeB:—  misOT^le  use  of  it,  it  demaiMled 

"Article  I.  All  the  tBxas,  with-  of  all  tai-pa^ere  to  p&^  the  unooirt 

OBt  ezceptioo.  shall  contume  to  be  of  crae  yew's  tax  m  sdvKnee,  to 

eoUectod  as  before.  enaUe  it  to  relieve  all  pezsoni  in 

"  Anide  3.  Good  eitiseDB  are  difltrw,  to  restore  Kctmty  la  all 
mpieeted  in  the  name  o(  patriot-  transactioiu,  and  to  difliue  the  ad- 
ism  not  to  delay  the  paynwnt  of  vantages  of  credit  unongst  all 
their  taxee.  those  who  aagment  the  iiatioiiBl 

"  Article    3.    The    Provisional  wealth  by  their  labour," 

Government  pledges  itself  to  the  But  the  oeoeseiQr  of  gralifyiug 

Natiomd  Assembly  for  a  bodget,  in  the  people  bj  the  remissiMi  of  ob- 

whkh  the  newspaper  atamp  tax,  ncndoos    taxes    seemed   likelj  to 

the  active  duties,  the  duties  on  creato  much  peooniaty  embairase 

salt,  as  well  as  a  law  to  modify  ment,  and,  inien  it  was  proposed 

matenatly  tbe  syrtem  trf  indirect  hj  Us  oelleegaes  to  aboliBh  the 

taxation,  shall  ai^Mar."  staam^dnty  upon  newspapers,  U, 

ProvisioB  was  also  laode  for  the  Gondchaux,  the  Minister  of  Fi- 

exigenciee  of  trade,  and  it  was  de-  nance,  firmlyresistsd  it.    finding, 

ereed  that  all  cotatotmitl  bills,  &tl-  bowerar,  tl»t  ho  cqipositiDB  was 

ing  doe  between  the  iiSnd  of  Fe-  unavailing,  he  detennined  to  i»- 

brasry  and  tbe  3nd  of  Uarch  in>  sign  bis  office,  and  he  was  soo- 

clnsive,  should  bav«  ten  additional  eeedsd  by  IS.  Qamier  Pag^ 

days  given  Ifaem  to  nu,  and  that  all  One  of  tbe  first  acts  of  the  new 

protest  and  twcourBsn  on  guaian-  Minister  was  to  poblish  a  vny  vo- 

tees  should  be  prorogued  tor  ton  lominons  Tepoit  on  tbe  financial 

iaffs.    A  Disoooot  OGoe  was  also  conditkon  of  tiie  Bepublic.  in  wfaicfa 

established,    under   the    tiUe   of  he  pavfesaed  to  tell  "tbe  entire 

"Dolalioa    for    Small    Traders."  truth,  without  hatred,  vritbout  fear, 

The  eonsequenees  of  the  ehot^  to  but   libowise   witbont   dissinmla- 

public  credit,  however,  begui  soon  Imb.  "    T%«  follmni^  are  some  ai' 

to  nanifeet  tbemeelres.  Mod  seve-  tracto  from  this  impectant  doca- 

ral  bilnrea  of  banking  and  iser-  ment 

eantile  houses  aA&ed  muck  to  the  "  On  tbe  1st  ef  Janmoy,  1341, 

embamsstnent  of  affidn.  Amongst  tbe  oqntal  of  tie  PiAlic  Debt,  tba 

these  one  at  tbe  most  conspicaous  GhoTemment  stock    belonging    to 

was  tbe  fall  of  Ike  banking  &rm  a!  tbe  Sinking  Faad  bwng  -deduoted, 

Oronn  and  Co.  <SQCoesBorB  to  tbe  was  4,267,9 16, 4 02<.     On  the  1st 

6nn  of  Lafitto  and  Co.),  in  whose  itf  Janaary,  IMS,  it  amounted  to 

bands  great  nombeis  of  tbe  Pa-  6,179.e44,TS(y. 

tisian  tradesmeD  bad  d^ooita.  ^  Tbe  Imdgets  {allowed  tix  pra- 

It  eeon  became  necessary  to  ap-  gresrien  of  the  debt 

pealtothepatrieCiam  of  the^eopte  "  The  entire  of  tbe  credits phoed 

m  a  my  whioh  pots  that  prmotple  at  the  dl^XHtd  of  the  Mien  G«- 

to  tbe  sevMVSt  proof ;  for  the  Pre-  venunent  totbeynr  1^47  anuranta 

Tirional  Oavemment  passeda  de-  to  1,712,976,680/'.,  62c.    Notwitb- 

oree,  in  which,  sftor  stating  that  standing  tbe  incoearave  incraBse  of  - 

"  the  Beprtdie,  in  order  to  aoeom-  lite  receipts,  tbe  budgets  presented 

pMsh  gpent  events,  will  net  bmn  each  year  a  ioonsideiable  deficst- 

need  of  tbe  meney  irtiieb  tbe  Uen-  Tbe  espwises  from  1846  to  184T 


256]          ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [/>««*. 

mcluBiTely,  exceeded  the  receipts  dnced  by  RotbI  bonds,  a  loan,  and 

hj  eo^.625,000/.     The  deficit  cat-  the  eaTings'  banka. 

culated    for    the    year    18^8    13  "  With  regard  to  the  latter,  the 

48,000,000/.,  trithout  coanting  the  Government  of  the  ex-King  ren- 

additional  chapter  of  the  sapple-  dered  it  impossible  that  it  conld 

mentary  and  extraordinan'  crei&le,  maiatain  its  engagements  with  the 

which  will  raise  the  totu  amount  creditersef  thesaviags'banks.  The 

of   the    budgets,   to   the   charge  pledge  demandable  at  pleasure  was 

of    the    last     Administration,    to  no    longer    &ee  in  tbeir    bands. 

663,000,000/.  When  I  assumed  the  direction  of 

"  The  public  works,  heedlessly  the  finances  of  the  Slate,  on  the 

undertaken  simultaneoasly  at  all  afternoon  of  the  7th  of  March,  the 

points  of  the  territory,  to  satisfy  property  of   the    depositora   was 

or  toencoarageelectoral  corruption,  placed  as  follows  : — 

and  not  with  that  reserve  which  "  In  the  Treasury  at  4  percent., 

prudence    so     imperiously     com-  65,708,630/'.,  40e. ;  in  G  per  cent, 

manded,  have  raised  the  credits  to  Government  stock,    34,106, ISQf., 

1.081,000,000/.     From   this  sum  25e.:  in  Government  4  percent 

are  to  be  deducted  the  sums  reim-  stock;  209,316,176/.;  inSperoent. 

bursed  by  the  companies,  amount-  Government  stock    84, 084,447/*. » 

JDg  to  160,000,000/. ;  thelastloan,  93c.;  in  shares  of  the  four  canals, 

83,000.000/.,     making      together  14,069,130/.;    in    shares   of  the 

349,000.000/.,  and  leaving  a  ba-  canals   4.818,3)8/.,  76c.,   making 

lance    of  839,000,000/.     Out    of  altogether  366,087,717/.,  33c." 

this  sum  436.000/.  has  been  ex-  M.    Gamier    Pagds    then    an- 

pended  out  of  the  resources  of  the  nounced  his  intention  to  propose, 

floating    debt,  and  404.000,000/.  "I.  That  all  deposits  of  100/.  and 

still  remain  to  be  expended  on  the  less  shall  be  repaid  in  full  in  cash, 

completion  of  the  works.  3.  That  the  deposits  from  100/  to 

"The  floating  debt  increased  in  1000/.  shall  be  repaid  as  follows:— 
proportions  not  less  considerable,  viz.,  100/.  in  cash,  one  half  of  the 
At  the  commencement  of  1831  surplus  in  Treasury  bonds  at  four 
it  reached  an  amount  of  about  months'  date,  bearii^  interest  at  6 
350,000,000/.  At  the  date  of  the  per  cent,  and  the  other  in  5  per 
36Lh  of  Februaiy  last,  it  exceeded  cent  Government  stock  at  par. 
670,000,000/,  to  which  is  to  be  3.  That  those  accounts  which  ex- 
added  the  Government  stock  be-  ceed  1000/.  shall  be  repaid  as  fol- 
longing  to  the  savings'  banks,  lows: — viz., 1000/. incash,  onehalf 
302,000.000/,  making  altt^ether  of  the  surplus  in  Treasury  bonds, 
873,000,000/.  Under  suchasys-  atsixmonths'date.beoringintereBt 
tem  the  position  of  the  central  at  6  per  cent.,  and  the  remaining 
office  of  the  Treasury  could  not  half  in  5  per  cent,  stock  at  par." 
often  be  brilliant.  During  the  The  general  measures  for  re- 
308  last  days  of  its  existence  the  trievii^  the  position  of  the  Ex- 
fallen  Government  expended  more  chequer,  which  the  Finance  Minis- 
than  294,800,000/.  beyond  its  ordi-  tor  proposed  to  adopt,  were  the 
nary  resources,  or  1,100,000/  per  following: — 1.  A  reduction  in  the 
day.  In  order  to  defray  these  ex-  number  of  employit  under  Govem- 
penses,  the  Government  of  the  ex-  meat. — 3.  A  sale  of  the  crown 
King  drew  from  three  sources,  pro-  diamonds,  and  a  conversion  into 


FmM..]  •     .            HISTORY.  [257 

coio  of  the  sUtot  plat«  and  ingots  has  prodnced,  the  mind  stops  short, 
found  at  the  Tiii]eriea,  and  in  the  disconcerted,  before  the  enormous 
other  royal  residences  "  allocated  to  disproportion  of  the  means  with  the 
the  fallen  dynasty  by  the  law  of  results.  But  if  the  country  itself 
1633,  regulating  the  civillist." — 3.  is  regarded,  the  aspect  of  what  it 
A  disposal  of  the  woods,  lands,  and  can  do  resasurea.  The  English 
property  of  the  crown,  comprised  debt  amounts  to  30  miiliardi.  It 
in  tne  ancient  Civil  List ;  but  the  rests  on  the  manufacturing  and 
report  stat«d,  that  "It  is  onder-  commercial  subjecUon  of  the  world, 
stood  that  the  domain  called  '  pri-  — a  variable  and  fragile  haais. 
vste'  is  not  comprised  in  this  mea-  Ours  is  only  five  miUiarda,  and  it 
sore,  and  that  it  remains  provi-  has  for  its  basis  all  the  public  and 
sionally  tinder  sequestralJon,  for  private  proper^  of  France,— an 
the  disposal  of  the  National  As-  immoveable  basis,  and  every  day 
sembly.  '—4.  A  better  sdmimatra-  stronger.  A  few  years  of  a  Re- 
tion  of  the  revenues  of  the  state-  publican  Government,  of  a  pm- 
forests. — 5.  A  loan.  The  late  Go-  dent,  firm,  and  loyal  administra- 
vermnent  was  authorized  to  raise  tion,  and  the  credit  of  France  will 
■  loan  of  350,000,000/.,  of  which  not  have  any  equal.  What  is 
&50,000,000f.  were  subscribed  on  certain,  what  I  affirm  with  all  the 
the  lOth  of  November  last,  and  of  force  of  an  enlightened  and  loyal 
this  the  Treasury  had  received  convictioii,  is,  that  if  the  Orleans 
83,000,000/'.  Thereremainedthere-  dynasty  had  reigned  some  time 
fore  to  be  raised  100,000,000/,,  and  longer,  bankraptcy  was  inevitable, 
this  loan  was  to  he  contracted  for  Yes, citizens,  letusproclaimitwith 
under  the  title  of  the  National  pride  and  delight ;  to  all  the  tides 
Loan.  In  exchange  for  their  "  of-  which  recommend  the  Republic  to 
feiings,"  the  citizens  were  to  re-  the  love  of  France,  and  to  the 
ceive  each  a  coupon  of  S  per  cent,  respect  of  the  world,  this  must  be 
Government  stock  at  par,  even  added, — the  Republic  has  saved 
though  that  stockshonld  rise  above  France  from  bankruptcy!" 
par,  before  the  subscription  list  A  Just  test  of  the  degree  of  con- 
was  filled.  The  last  stipulation  fidence  felt  in  the  state  of  public 
might  be  made  with  great  safe^,  aHairs  is  supplied  in  modern  times, 
for  there  was  little  chance  of  a  rise  by  the  position  of  the  funds  and 
in  the  value  of  the  public  stock  I«nking  establishments.  In  Paris 
in  the  face  of  such  a  revolution  es  a  panic  seized  the  depositors  with 
was  then  convulsing  France.  M.  the  Bank  of  France,  and  the  run 
Gamier  Paggs  condoded  his  re-  upon  it  was  so  extensive,  that  the 
port  by  taking  a  hopeful  view  of  applicants  were  obliged  to  place 
the  state  of  the  finances.  themselves  en  queue,  and  had  the 

"  As  to  the  general  situation  of  greatest    difficulty  in  presenting 

the  Republic  under  afinancial  point  themselves  at  the  counter, 

of   view,    I   imi^ne    that  it  no  M.  D'Argout,  the  governor,  im- 

longer  shows  anything  alarming,  mediately  addressed  an  urgent  let- 

The  national  debt,  deduction  being  ter  to  the  Minister  of  Finance,  in 

made  of  the  Rentes  which  belong  which   he   stated  that — "  In  the 

to  the  sinking  fund,  amounts  to  interval  between  the  S6th  of  Feb- 

6,300,000,000/.     If  any  one   m-  mary  and  the  afternoon  of  the 

quires  what  that  mass  of  capital  14th  of  March,  the  cash  in  hand 

Vol.  XC.  [S] 


258]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Frmet. 

diministied  from  140,000,000/'.  to  leans,  and  made  their  notes  a  legal 
70,000,000/'.  This  morning  a  panic  tender  within  the  boimdaries  of 
declared  itself.  The  holders  of  their  respective  departments  ;  and 
notes  flocked  in  crowds  to  the  their  iseuea  were  limited  hy  a 
Bank.  Addititmal  pay  clerks  were  maximum  in  each  case, 
appointed  to  accelerate  the  service.  In  order  more  efleotuallj  to  re- 
More  than  10,000,000/.  were  paid  cruit  the  lalling  revenne  of  the 
in  cash.  There  remains  this  i^ter-  Stale,  and  get  possessioit  of  ready 
noon  only  59.000,000/ in  the  Paris  money  for  immediate  ez^ncies, 
chest.  The  crowd  mil  be  more  the  ProvisionBl  Government  oon- 
oonsideiable  to-morrow ;  and,  in  ceived  the  project  of  taking  into 
the  course  of  a  few  days,  the  Bank  their  own  hands  the  man^ement 
will  be  entirely  exhausted  of  its  of  the  difiierent  railroads  in  France, 
epecie."  To  put  a  stop  to  this.  The  first  experiment  was  made 
lAtich  mnst  have  resulted  in  the  upon  the  Parie  and  Orleans  and 
bankruptcy  of  the  establishment.  Centre  linee,  and  the  pretext  aa- 
the  Provisional  Government,  on  signed  for  this  arbitraty  measure 
the  16thof  Harch,issuedadecree,  waa,  that  theCompaniea  of  those 
whereby  the  notes  of  the  Bank  of  two  railroads  did  not  possess  suffi- 
France  were  made  a  legal  tender,  dent  authority  to  insure  the  regular 
and  the  Bank  was  dispensed  from  communications.  It  therefore  or- 
the  obligation  of  paymg  its  notes  dained  that  the  Paris  and  Orleans 
in  specie.  It  was  also  provided  and  Centre  Railroads  should  be 
that  in  no  case  the  issue  of  the  eequeetered,  and  should  be  ad- 
Bank  and  its  branch  banks  should  ministered  and  worked  under  the 
exceed  86 0,000 ,000/.,  and,  in  order  direction  of  the  Mioister  of  Public 
to  facilitate  the  circulation,  it  was  Works.  On  the  18th  of  April 
aatborized  to  isaue  small  notes,  of  M.  Gamier  Pag^,  the  Minister  of 
no  lower  denomination  than  100/.  Finance,  received  by  appointment 
An  additional  per  centage  was  also  a  deputation  from  the  different 
laid  upon  the  assessed  taxes  by  Railway  Companies,  and,  after  de- 
the  following  decree : —  tailing  the  reasons  which  induced 

"  There    shall  be  raised    tern-  him  to  make  the  proposition,  one 

porarily,  and  for  the  year  1848, 45  of  which  he  said  was  the  neoee- 

centimes  additional  on  the  entire  sity  of  finding  work  for  the  miem- 

of  the  four  direct  contributions  of  ployed  labourers,  he  said  that  it 

that  year.  was  the  intention  of  the  Govem- 

"  The  centimes  bearing  on  the  ment  to    purchase  the  railways, 

contribution  levied  off  landed  pro-  and  suggested  a  discussion  as  to 

party  shall  be  at  the  charge  of  the  the  most  equitable  mode  of  acoom- 

proprietors  alone,  notwithstanding  plishing  this.    He  detailed  several 

any  stipulation    to    the  contrary  plans  for  this  purpose;  one  of  which 

contained    in  any    lease  or    cod-  was  the  conversion  of  the  shares  at 

Tendon."  the  actual  price  of  the  day,  and 

This  was  followed  at  a  later  payable  in  money,  Another,  the 
period  by  an  order  which  ordained  same  principle  <^  converaion.  but 
the  suspension  of  cash  payments  payable  in  B«Um,  at  the  same  ac- 
hy the  banks  of  Lyoira,  Rouen,  tual  price.  A  third,  the  oonver- 
Bordeaax.  Nantes,  Lille,  Mar-  sion  of  the  shares  into  Benttt,  each 
seilles,  Havre,  Toulouse,  and  Or-  taken  at  the  average  market  price 


Fnmce.]                        HISTORY.  [259 

dnring  the  b!z  months  preceding  fund,    to    be    divided    into   four 

the  16th  of  Februarj.    The  pro-  parts — 

poeal,  however,  caused  great  die-  1.  A   quarter  for    the    sinking 

aatis&etion,  and  it  was  found  to  fund  of  the  capital  belonging  to  the 

be  eo  impracticsble  that  it  wsa  for  proprietor  with  whom   the  State 

the  time  abandoned.  made  the  bargain. 

Ab  a  spedmen  of  the  viewe  put  it.  A  quarter  for  the  establish- 
forward  and  advocated  bj  those  ment  of  a  fund,  to  be  set  aside  for 
who  professed  to  regenerete  the  the  support  of  old  men,  the  sick, 
framework  of  society,  bf  the  wounded,  and  infirm, 
adoplioa  of  new  relations  between  8.  A  quarter  to  be  divided 
wonmen  and  their  employers,  we  among  the  woritmen  bj  way  of 
give  the  following  outline  of  the  bonus. 

plan  for  the  organization  of  labour,  4.  A  quarter  for  the  formation 

which  M.  Louis  Blanc  laid  before  of  a  reserve  fund, 

the  Commiaaion  which  sat  at  the  Besides  this,  M.   Louis    Blanc 

Palace  of  the  Lu.iembourg;    and  declared  that  it  would  be  necessary 

which  he  proposed  to  sabmit  to  the  to  unite  workshops  belonging  to 

eoiuideration  of  the  National  As-  the  same  branch  of  industty ;   to 

sembly.  unite  all  the  workshops  of  different 

llie  Covemment  was  to  take  branches  of  industry,  but  placed 

poHsession,  on  its  own  account,  of  in   the    same  condition ;    and   to 

all  establishments   about  to  sns-  guarantee  the  interests  of  the  con- 

pend  their   works ;    the   present  snmer  as  regarded  the  quality  and 

proprietors  preserving  their  rights,  the  lowest  possible  price  of  the 

to  be  converted  into  bonds  beuing  produce. 

interest,  secured  on  the  establish-  "  The  plan  is.  that  a  Council  of 

ments,  and  reimbursable  in  money  Administration  should  be  placed 

wlher  by  way  of  annuity  or  by  at  the  head  of  all  the  atiUeri,  in 

a  sinking  fund.    The  persons  em>  whose  hands  would  be  united  the 

pkived  in   these    establishments,  guidance  of  all  the  industries,  in 

and  of  which  the  State  was  to  be  the  same  way  that  the  direction  of 

the  gtrtmt,  to  be  pot  on  a  new  each  particular  industry  would  be 

footing.    The  workpeople  to  form  placed  in  the  hands  of  an  engineer, 

an  aseociauon;   to  elect  the  di-  The    State  would  arrive  at  the 

rectors  of  the  works,   and  them-  realization  of  this  plau  by  succes- 

selves  fix  the  amount  of  the  wages,  sive  measures.     No  one  b  to  have 

or  the  share  that  labour  is  entiUed  violence  done  to  him.    The  State 

to  in  the  profits.    The  share  being  intends  to  establish  a  model,  by 

determined  in  a  general  manner,  the  side  of  which  the  private  asso- 

the  collectiTe  wages  to  be  distri-  dations  and  the  present  eoonotmcal 

bnted  among  the  workmen  indi-  system  may  bve." 

vidually,  by  the  Council  of  Tra-  As  a  practical  commentary  np(m 

vailleurs,  according  to  proportions  these  doctrines,  we  may  mention 

open  to  discussion,  but  which  the  that  the  conductors  of  the  Paris 

Oovemment  Commission  thought  omnibuses  assembled,  and  ordered 

ought  to  be  in  equal  parts.     The  all  the  vehicles,  without  exception, 

prodnce,  after  deduclioB  of   the  to  stop  running :  they  sent  i^ent 

wages,  to  be  formed  into  a  general  off  their  stands,  forcibly  stopped 
[SSJ 


260]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  lF""*ce. 

them  in  the  streete,  and  compelled  the  16tli  of  April,  without  specify- 

the  pasaengers  to  evacuate  them,  ing  the  ohject  for  which  tbe^  were 

and    carried     awaj    the     wooden  summoned.       The     Government, 

houses  (buHAur  d«  conlro/«)  erected  however,  took  the  alarm,  and  on 

on  the   Boulevards.      The;   thus  that  da;  the  rappel  was  beaten 

forced  the  public  to  submit  to  a  throughout  Paris,  and  the  streets 

higher  sate  of  feres.  were  filled  with  upwards  of  SOO.OOO 

The  case  was  taken  into  con-  National  Guards.     The  meeting 

sideralion  b;  the  conclave  at  the  convened  bj  M.  Blanqui  was  held, 

Luxembourg,  and  M.  Louis  Blanc  and,  after  some  violent  speeches, 

fixed  the  salariea  of  the  drivers  the  crowd,  abont  6000  in  number, 

and  conductors  of    omnibuses  at  resolved  to  march  to  the  H6tel  do 

Sf.  60c.  per  da;.     He  also  con-  Ville,  and  demand  the  dismissal  of 

Btderablj  reduced  the  amount  of  the  more  moderate  Members  of 

the  fines  to  which  they  were  liable,  the  Provisional  Government, 

and  decided   that  their  proceeds  When  thej  arrived  at  the  Pont 

should  in  future  specially  belong  Neuf,  tliey  found  the  bridge  occu- 

to  the  conductors  and  drivers,  and  pied  by  troops,  and  cries  of  "A  baa 

form  a  fund  for  the  benefit  of  the  les  Communistes !"  "A  has  Blan- 

Bick  and  wounded,    their  widows  qui  I  "rent  the  air.  Finding  that  the 

and  families.  attempt  to  proceed  was  vain,  and 

Hitherto    all     had     gone     on  that  if  they  ventured  to  provoke  a 

smoothly,  but  there  was  an  imder-  collision  they  must  be  overpowered 

current   of    discontent    at    work  and  destroyed,  they  at  last  dis- 

which  was  destined  to   convulse  handed  and  dispersed, 

the  capital,  and  endanger  the  ex-  In  the  afternoon  numerous  depu- 

istence  of  the  Republic  as  it  had  tations  waited  on  the  Provisional 

been    accepted    by   the    nation.  Govemmenttocongratulateitonits 

There  was  a  dangerous  class  of  escape,  and  testify  their  adhesion, 

men  called    CommunitUs  or    So-  In  reply  to  one  of  these  from  the 

daliau,  in  whose  eyes  the  posses-  National   Guard,   M.   Lamartine 

sion  of  property  was  a  crime,  and  sud : — 

whose  untiring  object  it  was, and  "This  day  was  aononnced  to 

still  is,  to  overthrow  all  existing  the  Provisional  Government  as  a 

institutions,  and  establish  the  do-  day  of  danger  to  the  Republic ;  we 

minion  of  an  unchecked  and  un-  were  sure  heforoband  that  it  would 

bridled  democracy  in  its  wildest  be    a    day    of    triumph    for  the 

and  most  licentious  fonn.      This  country  and  for  its   cbitdron.     I 

party  had  been  gradually  growing  know  by  a  recent  trial,  and  I  can 

ui  numbers  and  strongth,  and  to  see    it    by   the    visage   of   many 

them  the  Revolution  seemed  to  be  amongst  you,  and  by  the  intrepid 

only  half  accomplished,  while  the  and  moderate  energy  which  fills 

rights  of  property  were  respected,  the  heart  of  the  armed  citizens  of 

and  a  curb  was  placed  upon  disorder,  the  capital,  that  we,  that  France, 

Those  of    their  most  prominent  will  not  want  any  other  guard,  any 

leaden  were  MM.  Blanqui,  Gabet,  other  army,  than  this  civil,  volun- 

and  Raspail,  and  the  former  had  tary,  spontaneous  army,  which  has 

convoked  a  meeting  of  his  asso-  been  formed  of  itself,  not  at  the 

dates  in  the  Champs  Elys^es  for  first  Up  of  the  drum,  for  yon  were 


Fronts.'] 


HISTORY. 


[261 


armed  before  the  call  to  ann  was 
beatea,  but  which  is  formed  of  it- 
self at  the  first  rumour  of  danger 
for  the  oonntrj  and  for  pabUo 
order." 

He  admitted  that  attempts  had 
been  made  to  aofi  division  in  the 
Provisional  Government ;  but  he 
said, — 

"  If  some  differences  of  opinion, 
as  ia  natural  to  expect  in  the  great 
councils  of  a  oountrj,  are  to  be 
seen  in  the  Admiaistration,  unity 
exists  in  the  patriotism,  in  the 
same  love  for  the  Republic,  in  the 
same  devotedness  which  animates 
tbem  towards  Paris  and  France. 
This  union  is  the  symbol  of  that 
of  all  the  dtizens.    Permit  me  to 


colleagues,  the  deep-felt  thanks, 
not  of  the  Provisional  Government, 
but  of  the  whole  of  France,  for 
whom  this  would  have  been  a  day 
of  calamity  and  of  civil  war  if  the 
Government  had  been  divided; 
and  which,  thanks  to  yonr  energy, 
will  be  for  her  the  day  of  the  de- 
finitive and  pacific  triumph  of  our 
new  institutions,  which  we  wish  to 
hand  over  entire  and  inviolate  to 
the  National  Assembly,  which  will 
be  the  supreme  unity  of  the 
country." 

The  23rd  and  34th  of  April 
were  occupied  by  the  elections  of 
Representatives  to  sit  in  the  Na- 
tional Assembly.  The  result  was 
looked  forward  to  with  much  in- 
terest; as  in  the  composition  of 
that  body  would  depend  the  future 
character  of  the  Republic.  Future 
events  showed  that  the  effect  of 
aniversal  suffrage  in  France  on 
this  occasion  was  to  return  a  much 
more  Conservative  and  moderate 
body  than  could  have  been  hoped 
for.  But  the  truth  is,  that  the 
nation  waa  terrified  at  the  doctrines 


of  the  Communista  and  Red  Re- 
publicans, as  they  were  called  from 
their  adopting  as  their  symbol  a  red 
flag,  the  use  of  which  ii.  Lamar* 
tine,  as  we  have  seen,  so  eloquently 
denounced,  when  the  attempt  vras 
made  to  substitute  it  for  the  tri- 
color. The  candidates,  therefore, 
who  were  known  not  to  he  men  of 
extreme  views  had  most  &vour, 
and  the  issue  of  the  electoral  strug- 
gle was  satisfactory.  The  great 
contest  was  in  the  department  of 
the  Seine,  which  determined  who  . 
were  to  be  the  representatives  of 
Paris  ;  and  it  was  hailed  as  a  most 
cheering  proof  of  the  state  of  feel- 
ing throughout  France,  that  M.  de 
Lamartine's  name  appeared  at  the 
head  of  the  poll  in  uie  capital,  and 
in  eight  other  places  he  was  also 
amongst  those  who  were  returned. 
The  following  is  the  list  of  success- 
ful candidates  for  that  depart- 
ment, together  with  the  number 
of  votes  given  to  each.  As  the 
first  return  of  representatives  of 
the  capital,  and  an  index  of  popular 
opinion,  it  is  we  think  a  most  in- 
teresting document. 
1.  M.  de  Lunutme,  member 
of  the  Praviuonal  Goveni- 


2.  Dupont  (de  I'Eure},  idem 

3.  Frmcoii  Anso,  iilem 

4.  Gunier-Pigec,  idem 

5.  MuTut,  idem     .     . 

6.  Hirie,  idem  .     .     . 

7.  Crjmieui,  idem .     . 


9.  Carnot,  Miouter  of  Public 


asaeoo 

245,063 
243,640 


10.  Bethmoni^Miiiiileraf Agri- 

culture and  Comioerce  .    180J2S2. 

11.  Duvivier,    General    Com- 

muidanl   of   the    Gude 

Mobile 182,);& 

12.  Ferdiuwd    de    LMtejrie, 

former  D^nitj ....    10^156 
la  VtviD,  Ibnner  D^nity  .    .    151,103 

14.  CanigDac,    Goveraor-Ge- 

oerd  of  Algien    .    .     ,    144,187 

15.  Berger,  formerlj  Depury  .    126,660 
IS.   Pignerre,  SecreMry-Gene- 


]  ANNUAL  REGISTER.  1848.  [F" 

™i  of  ibo  Prorindd  Go-  lower  orders  of  the  popnlaoe  when 


17.  Buche..    Adjincl    to    lt>«   '^"'  t»'«y./''"°'i     "»»    t^fir   faTOurito 

M«yor  of  P»ri»     .    .    .    135^78  "•""'wtM  m  Bomfl  places  had  not 

1&  Cormenin,  Pmident  of  the  )>fi^  BUCCeasM  occaeionsd  seriaoB 

Council  of  SiBie  .    .    ,    135,050  riots ;  and  at  Amiens,  Rocbefort, 

"*■  ^^^."TJr'-J^i^  Limoges,  Houen.  and  other  towns 

lSJ>««r      .  135.043  "listurbances  took  place,  which  wero 

aa  CaiuriSire,  Prefect  of  Po-        '  only  quelled  by  armed  force.     At 

lice 133,775  BouBn    barricades    were    erected, 

81.  Alben,nieiDberoflbePio.  and    some    severe    fiehtinff  took 

iB.  w:r;i'^=r;,-u,;  '*°"  pi-.,  Th.N^„^Gj,„j 

Conterratoire  de.  Art.  et  especiallj  the  guards  mobilet,  vigo- 

M£iien 132,383  rously  exerted   themselves  to  re- 

.  2a  Peupio,  ounier  horlogier  .    181,969  store  order  and  pot  down  the  mob. 

S4.  Udni  Rollio.  member  of  It  was  clear,  however,  that  there 

S^t         ""!     "^i  131,587  ™'*  already  two  paitiee  in  direct 

25.  J.  P.  Schmith,  ouTrier.    *.  1S4]383  opposition  and  ooIliBion  with  each 

2S.  Flocon,  member  of  the  Other,  the  Moderates  and  the  Bod 

ProTtnonal  Gotemment .    121,865  Bepabllcans ;    and   we    shall  aoon 

S  &X°-i"a,Mk,.-,  '"■'"  ...U,..ft...™gU,bet,».th.» 

of  Pari, 118,075  ^^  destined  to  tenniuate  in  an 

SB.  Agricot  Perdii^ieT,  ouvrier  appeal  to  physical  force  in  Paris, 

menuHier 117,290  and  deluge  the  capital  in  blood. 

try  of  Foreign  Affy™     .   110,238  <«  the  f.treme  democraU  we  give 

81.  Coquerel,Protert»i( deify-  "^^  following  placard,  which  was 

m«n 109,ftS«  signed  by  some  of  their  leaders, 

82.  Garnon.  fbrner  D^uiy    .  106,747  and  amonffst  others  by  Barb^,  of 

'"■  °S?  S"Z'  "lilt  ''»»  '•  ^T  -l^tir  si""  •?"' 

Guwd 106,283  *''<'<"»it,    and   posted    everywhere 

84.  Abb£  LuDeoaui    .    .    .   104^71  on  the  walls  of  the  streets  of  Paris 
on  the  1st  of  May,  bnt  torn  down 

Amongst  the  unsncceseful  can-  by  the  order  of  the  Provisional 

didates  were  the  following  :-~-UM.  GovenimeDt.     It  was  headed — 
Goudchaux,  Courtais,  Barb^,  Vic-  n    .^  -    .     t^     ■      .    ..r. 

torHugo,Raspall,Arago.LeRoux,  "  '  SoctiU  dtM  Dnm  d«  IHtmmo 
D'Alton  Shee,  NeydelaMoskowa.  "  «»  CUoym. 

Eagene  Sue,  Dupetit  Tbotiars,  and        "  This  Society  has  for  its  object 

£mile  de  Girardin.  — first,  to  defend  the  rights  of  the 

M.  Thiers  was  a  candidate  for  people,  the  exercise  of  which  has 
the  department  dt$  Bouckei  du  been  restored  to  them  by  the  Revo- 
ii&(HM.  but  waa  defeated.  Amoi^t  lution  of  February;  secondly,  to 
the  returns  for  the  provinces  were  draw  from  this  Revolution  all  its 
the  names  of  M.  Dupin,  M.  de  social  oonsequenoes.  As  its  point 
TocquevilJe,  M.  Berryer,  M.  Leon  of  departure,  the  Society  takes  the 
Faucher,  M.  Mauguin,  M.  Billault,  declaration  of  the  rights  of  maa 
M.  Duvergier  de  Haoranne,  the  as  laid  down  in  1703  by  Robes- 
Bishop  of  Quimper,  and  the  Bishop  pierre.  It  ensues  that,  in  a  poll- 
of  Orleans.  tical  point  of  view,  the  Republic, 

The  disappointment  felt  by  the  one  and  indivisible,  comprehends 


Fnne:}                         HISTORY.  [263 

the  inolienaUe  laws  of  the  people,  lege  and  eajiUtUaHon  ia  post.  In 
In  a  social  point  of  riew,  the  old  the  point  of  view  of  the  ancient 
constitntion  is  abolished ;  and  that  Bocial  form,  if  the  privileges  with 
which  is  called  to  replace  it  mnat  which  you  were  invested  were  ac- 
rest  on  equality  and  fraternity,  quired  in  a  legal  manner,  do  not 
the  fiuidtunenul  principles  of  avail  yoonelves  of  them :  these 
the  new  social  compact.  Con-  laws  were  your  own  work ;  the  im- 
-  sequently,  the  social  revolution,  menee  mtyority  of  your  brethren 
now  at  its  commencement,  places  were  strangers  to  them,  and,  there- 
itself  between  the  Farias  and  fore,  are  not  bound  to  respect  them, 
the  Privileged  of  the  ancient  Rally,  then,  together,  for  you  have 
state  of  sode^.  To  the  first  it  need  of  the  panlon  of  those  whom 
says — Be  united,  but  calm ;  for  in  you  have  eo  long  sacrificed.  If,  in 
this  lies  your  strength.  Your  spite  of  this  promise  of  pardon, 
number  is  such  that  it  must  suEBce  you  persist  in  remaining  isolated 
to  manifest  your  will,  and  make  in  order  to  defend  the  old  social 
yon  obtain  aU  you  deeire.  It  is  form,  you  will  find  in  the  van- 
also  such  that  you  cannot  desire  guard,  on  the  day  of  conflict,  our 
anything  but  what  is  just.  Your  secdons  oi^anized ;  and  your  bre- 
voice  and  your  will  are  the  voice  thren  will  no  longer  hold  towards 
and  the  wiU  of  God.  To  the  others  you  the  language  of  pardon,  but 
it  saya — The  old  aodai  form  has  that  of  justioe." 
dis^peaied.    The  reign  of  privi- 


b,GoogIc 


264]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.         [Fra«.; 


CHAPTER  IX. 


Meeting  of  the  National  AisemUy  on  the  ith  of  May—Addreu  Uf  M. 
Ihtpont  (de  I'Eure) — Oath  of  AUegianee  aioluhed — Proclamation  of 
the  Sepvhlie  in  presence  of  th«  People — Election  of  Officer*  of  the 
Aaembly — Policy  of  Provitional  Govemmsnt  detailed  t»  Speech  of 
M.  de  Lamartine — Election  of  Memher*  of  Executive  Committee — 
domination  of  Ministert—Eormation  of  Clubs  in  Paris — The  Astern- 
bly  invaded  by  tks  Mob — Scene  of  Conftaion  in  the  ChanAer — Af. 
Htiiert  declares  that  the  National  Assembly  is  dissolved — Suppreuion 
of  ths  Inturrection — Conduct  of  Oeneral  Cburtai*  and  M.  Louis 
Blanc — Defence  made  by  M.  Caussidiere  of  his  Conduct — Address  by 
Executive  Committee — Appointment  of  Committee  to  draie  up  Plan  af 
Constitution — Disturbances  at  l/yons — Decree  of  perpetual  Baniehinent 
pronoaneed  against  the  ex-Boyal  Family — Impeachment  of  Af.  Louis 
Blanc — Election  of  Prince  Louie  Napoleon  Buonaparte  as  Deputy — 
Discussion  on  this  subject  in  the  Assembly— The  Prince  declines  to 
take  his  Seat — Proof  of  Conservative  Feeling  in  the  Assembly — Attack 
on  the  Ministry  in  the  Assembly — Speech  of  General  Cavaignac — De- 
fence of  the  Executive  Committee  6y  M.  De  Lamartine — Debate  respect- 
ing Prince  Louis  Napoleon—Plan  of  the  Conetitution — The  National 
Ateliers — Body  of  Provincial  Workmen  ordered  to  quit  Paris — Com- 
meiwement  of  Disturbances — The  Genemle  beaten — Barricades  and 
Inturrection — Desperate  Combat  in  the  Streets  of  Paris — Resignation 
of  the  Executive  Committee — General  Cavaignac  invested  vith  tig>reme 
Authority— Succesus  of  the  Military — Destructive  use  of  Artillery — 
Death  of  the  Archbishop  of  Paris— Termination  of  the  Struggle — 
General  Cavaignac  appointed  President  of  the  Council — His  Cabinet — • 
Beport  of  Committee  on  the  Insurrection — Leave  given  to  the  Attorney- 
General  to  prosecUe  MM.  Ledru  EoUin  and  Cauesidiire — General 
Cavaignac  and  the  National  Workshops — Project  of  the  Consttiution 
— Speech  of  M.  Thiers  on  the  Second  Article  relating  to  Property  and 
Lahour — Louis  Napoleon  takes  his  Seat  as  Deputy  for  the  Department 
of  the  MoseUe—His  first  Speech — Important  Debate  on  the  Twentieth 
Article,  confining  tke  Legislative  Potcer  to  one  Assembly — Speeches 
of  MM.  Lamartine,  OdiUon  Barrot,  and  Dupin — Mi^orUy  in  favour 
of  a  tingle  Chamber — Discussion  on  various  Articles  of  the  Constitu- 
tion— ne  Election  of  the  President  ti^imitted  to  the  Votes  of  the 


Fra»ct.]                     HISTORY.  [265 

PtofiU — RepubHcanima  on  the  viane — Final  adoption  and  Proclama- 
tion of  tA«  Conititution — Chargt*  brought  againtt  General  Cavaignae 
by  M.  Bartkelemy  St.  Hilan — Hie  triumphant  Defence — Election  of 
Prince  Lome  Napoleon  at  Preeident  of  the  RopuMtc — Hit  Addrest  to 
the  Aieetnhly — Fomuition  of  a  Cabinet — Beflectione  on  the  rise  and 
fall  of  popular  FavourUet  in  Franc». 

ON  the  4th  of  May  the  National  Temment  in  the  relatipng  vhich 
Assembly  commenced  its  sit-  the  necessities  of  Isbom:  establish 
ting  in  a  temporary  wooden  build-  among  all  the  citizens,  and  which 
ing  erected  for  the  purpose,  at  the  ought  to  have  for  its  base  the  sacred 
back  of  and  communioatiug  with  laws  of  justice  and  fraternity, 
the  existing  Chamber  of  Deputies,  "In  fine,  the  moment  has  ar- 
and  adapted  to  hold  about  1700  rived  for  the  Provisional  Oovem- 
peraons.  When  the  Members  of  ment  to  resign  into  your  hands 
the  Provisional  Government  had  the  unlimited  power  with  which 
arrived  and  taken  their  seats,  M.  the  Revolution  had  invested  iL 
Pnraveau,  the  "  doyen  d'age,"  who  You  know  that,  with  regard  to  oar- 
occupied  the  chair,  called  upon  M.  selveB,  this  dictatorship  was  a  mo- 
Dnpont  (de  I'Enre)  to  address  the  ral  power  exercised  in  the  midst 
Assembly.  He  obeyed  the  sum-  of  the  difficult  circumstances  we 
mens,  and  read  the  following  have  passed  through, 
speech :—                   •  "  Faithful  to  ear  origin  and  to 

"  Citizen  Bepresentatives  of  the  our  personal  couviotions,  we  have 

People : — The  Provisional  Govern-  not  hesitAted  to  proclaim  the  infant 

ment  comes  to  bow  before  the  na-  Republic  of  Febiuaty. 

tion,  and  render  a  signal  homage  "  To-d^  we  shall  inaugurate  the 

to  the  supreme  power  with  which  labours  of  the  National  Assembly 

you  are  invested.  with  the  ciy  which  ought  always 

"  Elect  of  the  people,  we  wel-  to  salute   it,    '  Vive    U   B£pub> 

come  you  to  this  great  capital,  lique.' " 

where  yonr  presence  excites  a  sen-  This  address  was  received  with 

timent  of  happiness  and  hope  that  the    greatest    enthusiasm.       The 

will  not  be  deceived.  first   business    transacted  was  & 

"Depositories  of  the  national  verification    of   the   returns,   the 

sovereignty,  you  are  about  to  found  whole  Assembly  being  divided  into 

new  institutions  upon  the  broad  eighteen  bureauai  or   committees 

basis  of  Democracy,  and  to  give  to  for  the  puipose. 

France  the  only  constitution  that  By  and  by  M.  Ollivier  rose  and 

can  suit  her — a  Republican  con-  proposed,  that  after  the  admission 

stitntion.    [Here  the  whole  asaem-  of  every  Member,  he  should  mount 

bly  roes,  and    with   right  hands  the  tribune,  and  there,  in  the  pre- 

raised,    cried    "Vive    la   Repub-  sence  of  the  Assembly,  take  the 

lique!"]    But  after  havinff  pro-  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Republic ; 

claimed    the  great  polidcal    law  but  he  vras  interrupted  by  nnm- 

which  ifi  about  definifely  to  or-  bers  crying,  "The  oath  is  abo- 

mnize  the  country,  you,  like  us,  lishedl"    "By  whom?"  asked  M. 

Citizen  Representatives,  will  pro-  Ollivier.      "  By  the   Provisional 

ceed   to    r^;u1ate    the    possible  Government."     "  What!"    conti- 

and  efficacious  action  of  the  Go-  nued  U.  OUirier,  "  do  you  place , 


266]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [France. 

the  power  of  the  ProTiBional  Oo-  ing  the  Uemben  of  the  Nattonal 

veninient  above  that  of  the  Na-  Aasembl;    wish    to   uiiit«   them- 

tional  Assembly?"    {Criei,  "The  BeWes  to  the  Representatives  of 

oath  is  abohshed,  and  for  ever  I ")  the  Seine. 

M.  Crcmieus,  the  Minister  of  M,  Duconx. — I  unreservedly  ap- 
JuBtice,  then  rose  and  said,  that  plaud  the  feeling  which  has  dic- 
the  oath  of  allegiance  had  been  tated  the  proclamation;  and  no 
the  occasion  of  so  much  scandal  one  more  than  myself  was  more 
during  the  last  60  years,  and  had  anxious  to  proclaim  the  Republic 
excited  such  universal  indignation,  one  and  indivieible ;  but  permit  me 
that  the  Provisional  Government  to  observe  that  it  is  not  iu  an  in- 
had  thought  proper  to  abolish  it  cidental  manner  that  so  important 
"The  oadi  of  eveiy  true  Repub-  an  act  should  be  accomplished, 
lican,"  added  the  Ministtir,  "  is  in  The  Republic  will  be  great  and 
his  heart,  and  not  on  his  lips."  durable  enough  for  oa  to  be  able 

The  Assembly  received  that  de-  to  proclaim  it  at  a  solemn  mo- 
claration  of  tbe  Minister  with  great  ment;  let  the  incident  which  has 
applause,  and  immediately  ratified  just  taken  place  be  therefore  re- 
the  measure  adopted  by  the  Pro-  garded  as  an  expression  of  a  move- 
visional  Oovemment,  amidst  cries  ment  which  we  could  not  contain ; 
of  "Vive  la  Republiquel"  and  but  I  demand  that  the  democratic 
"  Vive  le  Gouvemement  Pnivi-  and  fraternal  Republic  should  be 
Boire!"  hereafter  pMclaimed  with  all  the 

M.  Berger  afterwards  ascended  solemnity  befitting  such  an  im- 

the  tribune,  and  said — Citizens,  portant  act. 

in  tiie  name  of  the  deputies  of  the  M.  Barb^. — We  have  only  to 

Seine,  I  propose  to  the  National  proclaim  the  Bepublic  after  the 

Assembly  the  solemn  proclamation  people.    Let  us  all  (^  "Long 

of   tbe   Bepublic.      Citizens,  let  livetheBepnblic— one,  indivisible, 

France,  let  the  whole  world  know  and  social  f " 

that  the  Republic,  solemnly  pro-  M.  Trelat. — The  Republic  is  a 

claimed  with  enthusiasm,  is  and  fact  which  has  been  preparing  for 

will  remain  the  form  of  the  go-  many  long  years,  a  necessary,  a 

vemment  of  this  countiy.    Lotus  scientific  (!)  fact    Tbe  proof  of  its 

never  forget  tbis  great  day.     In  necessity  is,  that  it  is  |iroclaimed 

the  name  of  the  countiy,  let  men  in   this  Chamber,  aiiliouung   the 

of  all  opinions  no  longer  form  but  other  where  it  was  combated  two 

one  &mily,  that  this  day  may  be  months  since.     The  greatest  preof 

truly  the  fiU  of  concord  and  of  iS(  that  even  those  who  then  pro- 

fratemily.  tested  against  it  do  so  no  longer. 

M.  Clement  Thomas  —  I   de-  If  there  are  any  citizens  here  who 

mand  that  the  proclamation  which  think  of  another  form  of  govem- 

has  just  been  proposed  should  be  ment — ("  No(  no  1 "    "  Vive  la  B^ 

made  in  the  name  of  all  the  Repre-  pubUque  I ")    The  Republic,  there- 

sentatives.     If  we  had  been  con-  fore,  is  like  the  sun — blind  Is  he 

suited  beforehand  we  should  all  who  does  not  see  it 

have  approved  of  it;   it  should  A  Voice. — Let  us  all  proolaiin 

therefore  be  done  in  the  name  of  l^e  Republic, 

the  National  Assembly.  General  Conrtais.— I  come  in 

M.  Berger.— 1  am  happy  in  see*  the  name  of  the  people  of  Paris. 


Frmee.] 


HISTORY. 


[267 


I  reqawt  the  MembetB  of  the  Fro- 
linonal  Ooveroment  to  come  out 
on  the  peristjrle  of  the  building, 
and  the  representativea  of  the  peo- 
ple to  follow  them,  in  order  to 
proclaim  the  Republic. 

The  Assembly  then  rose  in  a 
body  and  proceeded  to  do  homage 
to  the  wishes  of  the  sorereiga 
people,  who,  with  the  National 
Guards  in  full  uniform,  were  im- 
patiently waiting  to  nitnesa  the 
^tectade. 

The  Members  of  the  Provisional 
GoTommeDt  stood  on  the  top  of 
the  flight  of  steps  &cing  the  Font 
de  la  Concorde,  and  the  other 
Deputies  occupied  the  steps  imme- 
diately below  them,  while  in  front 
the  National  Guards  filled  the 
space  between  them  and  the  liver. 
A  tremendous  shont  was  soon 
raised  for  the  "  colotua  of  the 
armr,"  and  they  were  brought  for- 
ward amidst  the  thunder  of  can- 
non and  the  cheers  of  the  multi- 
tude, and  unihried  to  the  breeze. 
The  Republic  was  then  proclaimed, 
and,  in  the  presence  of  300,U00 
citizens,  solemnly  accepted  by  the 
National  Assembly.  To  taetuy  its 
hear^  adoption  of  the  principlea 
of  the  Bevolntion,  the  following 
proclamation  was  posted  on  the 
walls. 

"  The  National  Assembly,  the 
faithful  interpreter  of  the  senti- 
ments of  the  people,  by  whom  it 
has  been  eleotod,  previous  to  com- 
mencing its  labours — 

"  Declares,  in  the  name  of  the 
French  people,  and  in  the  &ce  of 
the  entire  world,  that  the  Re^ 
public,  proclaimed  on  the  34th  of 
February,  1848,  is,  and  shall  re- 
main, the  form  of  the  Oovemment 
of  Fnnce. 

"The  Republic  desired  by  France 
has  adopted  the  motto,  'Liberty, 
Equality,  Fraternity,' 


"  In  the  name  of  the  country,  the 
National  Assembly  en  treats  French- 
men of  every  political  party  to  for- 
get former  feuds,  and  to  form  in 
fiiture  but  one  bmily.  The  day 
on  which  the  ropresentatives  of 
the  people  met  is  for  all  the  citi- 
zens the  feast  of  concord  and  fra- 
ternity.    Vivt  la  BipubUqw  ! " 

The  next  day  was  devoted  to  the 
election  of  officers  of  the  As- 
sembly. It  was  determined  that 
the  chair  of  President  should  be 
held  for  only  a  month  at  a  time, 
and  M.  Buchez  had  the  honour  of 
being  chosen  the  first  occupier  of 
it,^  383  votes. 

The  six  Vice-Presidents  chosen 
were — M.  Recurt,  who  obtained 
633  votes;  General  Cavaignac, 
675:  M.  Corbon,  897;  M.  Gui- 
nard,  37S;  M.  Cormenin,  819; 
and  M.  Seoard,  S18. 

The  six  Secretaries— UU.  Pe- 
puin,  seS;  Robert,  383;  De- 
georgea,  326;  Felix  Pyat,  832; 
Lacrosse,  387 ;  and  Emily  Pean, 
363. 

The  three  Qnestors— M.  De- 
gous£e,  4S9  votes ;  H.  Bursaux  de 
Pusy,  336 ;  and  General  Negrier, 
390. 

The  Uembeis  of  the  Provisional 
Government  afterwards  gave  an 
account  of  the  acts  done  by  them 
in  their  respective  departments; 
but  first  a  general  statement  of 
the  principlea  which  had  guided 
them  in  their  policy  was  read  by 
M.  de  Lomartine.  The  following 
are  some  extracts  from  this  ora- 
tion) the  delivery  of  which  excited 
great  enthusiasm  in  the  Assembly. 

"  The  Throne  being  overturned, 
and  the  Dynasty  having  depart«d 
into  esile.  the  Provisional  Govern- 
ment simply  recorded  that  Repub- 
lic which  was  proclaimed  by  the 
voice  of  the  entire  people.  The 
first  task  of  the  Government  was 


•268]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Prance. 

the  restoraUon  of  order  in  Paris,  aod  the  Ffrenees;  and  the  Nav; 
The  co-operation  of  the  citizens  was  despatched  to  display  the  flag 
made  this  a  task  of  leas  merit  of  the  Republic  to  our  brethren  on 
thaa  otherwise  it  would  have  the  Italian  shores, 
been :  each  citizen  became  at  the  "  But  In  proclainung  a  Bepnblio 
same  time  the  soldier  of  peace  France  proclaimed  a  principle^ 
and  the  ToluDteer  magistrate  of  the  principle  of  equality  by  right, 
order.  The  magnanimous  aspect  and  fraternity  by  institutions.  The 
of  the  people,  uieir  heroism  and  revolution  ought  to  be  ot^anized 
generosity,  inspired  the  idea  of  for  the  profit  of  the  people.  To 
tbe  first  decree  publisbed  in  the  suppress  the  servile  name  of  'pro- 
name  of  the  Republic — that  which  letaire,'  and  elevate  the  working 
abolished  the  puulsbment  of  death  man ;  to  elevate  and  enrich  these 
for  political  ottences.  Europe  saw  without  degrading  or  ii\juriiig 
that  the  spirit  of  God  was  over  the  others ;  to  preserve  property,  and 
crowd,  and  leanit  to  hope  that  a  render  it  more  fruitful,  by  multi- 
revolution  so  magnanimous  in  its  plying  it,  and  dividing  it  amongst 
inauguration  would  be  pure  and  a  greater  number;  to  distribute 
sacred  in  its  success.  taxes  in  such  a  way  as  to  cause 
' '  Regards  were  turned  in  aucces-  the  heaviest  weight  to  fall  on  tbe 
sion  to  the  departments  of  France,  strongest ;  to  create  by  the  State 
the  Army,  the  Colonies,  Algeria,  the  work  which  should  happen  to 
and  the  nations  of  Europe.  As  fiiil  by  the  fact  of  capitu  being- 
to  the  last,  Europe  waited  imde-  intimidated,  ao  that  not  a  work- 
cided  the  first  word  of  the  Re-  man  in  France  shonld  remain 
public.  This  first  word  was  the  without  bread ;  in  fine,  to  examine 
abolition,  dt  facto  and  de  jure,  of  with  the  workmen  themselves 
the  reactionaiy  treaties  of  1815;  the  practical  and  true  phenomena 
litferty  restored  to  our  foreign  po-  ofassociation, and thetheories, still 
licy;  the  declaration  of  peace  for  problematical,  of  the  various  sys- 
territories — of  sympathy  for  na-  tems,  in  order  to  discover  the  true 
tions — of  justice,  good  faith,  and  application, — such  were  the  ideas 
moderation  for  governments,  of  the  Provisional  Government  in 
Fnmce  by  that  manifesto  dis-  all  its  decrees, 
armed  her  ambition,  but  did  not  "  In  France,  then,  that  Republic 
disarm  her  ideas;  she  let  her  has  been  established  which  the 
principle  of  action  shine  forth  Oovemmenta  of  Europe  declared 
fully.  Her  war  went  no  farther,  could  only  be  so  on  the  condidoDS 
The  special  ^port  of  the  Minister  of  foreign  and  civil  war,  auarohy, 
of  Foreign  Amiirs  will  show  you  prisons,  and  the  scaffold:  it  is  . 
what  this  system  of  open  diplo*  shown  to  be  compatible  with  peace 
macy  has  produced  for  France,  to  all  Europe  and  order  at  home, 
and  what  it  will  in  all  likelihood  with  individual  liberty,  and  even 
still  produce  for  France.  The  wilh  gentleness,  mildness  and 
Minister  of  War  energetically  re-  puri^  of  morals,  in  a  people  to 
established  the  shaken  discipline  whom  hatred  is  a  torture  and  coo- 
of  the  Army;  a  Council  of  De-  cord  a  national  instinct.  I'orty- 
fence  was  formed;  four  armies  of  five  days  have  been  passed  through, 
observation  were  established — in  with  no  execuUve  authority  over 
the  North,  on  the  Rhine,  the  Alps,  the  people  but   that  moral  ona 


Frana.}  HISTORY.  [269 

which  the^r themselves  were  pleased  tutelaiy  iatervention  of  the  State, 

to  acknowledge :  the  people  con-  We  do  not  pretend  that  the  State 

sented  to  be  governed  by  pereua-  should  become  the  only  tntftutml 

aive  worda,   by  counsels,  and   by  of  the  kingdom ;  but  we  wish  it  to 

generous   inspindons.     Through-  be  understood  that  the  State  has  b. 

out  that  time  of  crisu,  cessation  of  great  duly  to  fulfil  in  what  regards 

work,  and  misery — of  political  egi-  those  who  suffer.    What  we  wish 

tation  and  social  anguisn — 'property  is,  that  the  State  shoald  be  the 

was  unviolated,  and  life  unmenaced  guardian  of  credit,  giving  credit  not 

by  the  people :  nor  has  a  single  only  to  the  rich  but  to  the  poor, 
proscription  or  imprisonment,  or         "  Aseociation    is    a  noble  and 

a  single  drop  of  blood  shed  by  the  beautiful    thing ;    not  because  it 

Government,  cast  a  shade  of  sad-  will  displace  riches,  but  becanee  it 

ness  on  the  past.     The  Members  will    make    them    univerBal,    by 

of    the    Provisional    Government  making  them  fniitftil ;  and  because 

may  descend  from  their  stations  it  will  raise  the  level  of  the  people 

and  re-mix  with  the  people  with-  and  humanity." 
out  any  one  being  able  to  ask.        The  AssemblyaflerwardspoBsed 

'  As  citizens,  what  nave  been  your  an  almost  unanimous  vote,  that 

deeds?'"  the  Provisional  Government  had 

Id  conclusion,  M.  de  Lamaitine  deserved  well  of  the  country.     The 

said — *'  Our  only  ambition  is  to  only  Members  who  dissented  were 

re-enter  the  ranks  of  good  citizens,  the  notorious  M.  Barbes  and  two 

May  the  histoty  of  our  beloved  others. 

country  inscribe  with  indulgence,        On  the  8th  of  May,  a  Committee 

below,  fkr  below,  the  groat  deeds  wasformedbychoosingonemember 

which  France  has  accomplished,  from    ecLch  buroau,  for  the    pur- 

the  recital  of  the  three  past  months  pose  of  drawing  up  a  report  upon 

daring  which  we  have  crossed  an  the  form  of  Interior  Government, 

abyss  between  a  crashed  Monarchy  which  ought  to  succeed  the  Pro- 

and  a  Republic  starting  up  in  its  visional   Government;    and   next 

place.  And,  instead  of  die  obscure  day  it  presented  its  proposal,  that 

and  forgotten  names  of  the  men  the  Assembly  should  appoint  nine 

who  had  devoted    themselves  to  Ministers  with  portfolio,  and  one 

the  public  welfare,  may  history  in-  without  portfolio,  to  act  as  Preai- 

scribe    on    her    pages    only    two  dent.     This  had  been  adopted  by 

names— the  name  of  the  People  a  majori^  of  14  to  i  in  the  Com- 

who  have  preserved  all,  and  the  mittee,    in    preference  to  a   plan 

name  of  the  great  God  who  has  for  allowing  tlie  National  Assem- 

poured  his  blessings  on  the  foanda-  bly  to  appoint  an  Executive  Conn- 

tions  of  the  Republic."  cil,  who  should  have  the  nomina- 

In  giving  an  account  of  the  la-  tion  of  ihe  Ministers.     A  debate 

boors  of  his  deportment,  M.  Louis  arose  upon   the  question   in   the 

Blanc  said,  "The  two  fundamental  Assembly,  and  the  result  was  that 

ideas  of  our  work — whether  it  con-  it  adopted  the  latter  proposition 

cems  commerce  or  agricultura,  or  by  a  majority  of  36.     The  num- 

the  banks  or  the  establishments  here  being,  for  the  intervention  of 

of  customs — the  two  fundamental  an  Executive  Committee,  411: — 

ideas  are,,  association  and  disinte-  for  the  appointment  of  Ministers 

rested  intervention,  the  pacific  and  by  the  Assembly  direct,  3S5. 


270]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [F«««. 

Od  the  foUoviDg  Aaj,  the  eleo-  ere,  uid  fuBctionariefi,  who  shall 

tion  of  Membere  of  the  Executive  obey  bis  order,  under  the  penalties 

Committee  took  place.     M.    Du  stipulated  in  the  234th  ardole  <^ 

pont  (derEurejetat«d,  that  owing  the  Penal  Code.     The  President 

to  hia  great  age  he  could  not  poa-  may  delegate   faia  power  to    tbe 

aibly  act  as  one  of  them  even  if  questors,  or  one  of  them." 

he  were  choeen,  on  annonncement  Ou  the  llth,  the  following  Mi- 

which  aeemed  to  be  received  with  niatry  wae  appointed  to  take  ohorge 

great  regret  by  the  Assembly.    A  of  tbe  vaiions  deportmeata  of  (he 

ballot  t£eD  commenced,  and  the  public  service, 

reault  was  that  the  following  Mem-  Gr^mieux   .    Justice, 

hers  were  elected,  (the  total  num-  Bostide             Foreign  Afiain. 

ber  of  votes  being  704.)  Cbarroa            War. 

Arago 736  Caay      .    .    Marine. 

Gamier  Fag^    .     .    .    71(>  Recurt  .     .     Interior. 

Marie 70!)  Camot   .     .     Public  Inadtution. 

Lomortine      ....     643  Tr^lat    .     .     Public  Works. 

Ledni  Rollin      .     .     .    458  Flooon   .    .    Commerce. 

M.  Wollowski  then  ascended  the  Betbmont  .    Religion, 

tribune,  and    proposed    that  the  Duclero      .    Finance. 

Assembly  should  invite  the  Execu-  Marrast       .     Mayor  of  Paris, 

tive  Committee  to  take  into  con-  Caussididre     Prefect  of  Paha, 

aideration  the  prayer  of  the  PoJiah  On  the  IStb,_Bome  farther  regu- 

delegates,  in  which  they  demanded  latione  were  determined  upon,  Uie 

the  assurance  of  France  to  restore  principal  of  which  was,  "  the  Na- 

their  nation  to  independence.  tional  Assembly  shall  be  divided 

A  Committee  was  afterwards  into  16  committees,  each  composed 
appointed  to  propose  a  plan  for  the  of  60  members,  viz.— 1,  a  Com- 
internal  regulation  of  the  mode  of  mittee  of  Justice;  3,  Public  Wop 
oondncting  the  business  of  the  ship;  9,  Foreign  Afhin ;  4,  Pub- 
Assembly,  and  they  proposed  the  lie  Instruction;  6,  Interior;  A, 
following  resolutions,  which,  after  Departmental  and  Conunnnal  Ad- 
some  discussion,  nere  adopted.  ministration ;    7,  Commerce    and 

"  No  stranger  is  to  enter,  under  Industry ;  8,  Agriculture  andCredit 
any  pretext,  Uie  hall  of  the  Assem-  relating  to  Property;  0,  Marine; 
biy.  Persons  admitted  into  the  10,  War;  11,  Algeria;  13,  Colo- 
public  galleries  shall  remain  seated,  nies;  13,  Finance;  14,  Public 
uncovered,  and  silent.  Any  in-  Works;  16,  Civil  and  Criminal 
dividual  giving  marks  of  approba-  Legislation  ;  and  16,  of  labour." 
tion  or  disapprobation  is  to  be  im-  But  sigaificant  systems  of  die- 
mediately  excluded  by  the  officers  content  out  of  doors  now  began  la 
of  the  House,  and  should  they  dis^  appear.  Imitating  the  example 
turb  the  deliberations  they  are  to  be  of  the  Terrorists  under  the  first 
tried  by  the  competent  authorities.  Revolution  of  1769,  clubs  were 
Tbe  President  will  watch  over  the  actively  at  work,  inflaming  the 
internal  and  external  security  of  minds  and  passions  of  the  popn- 
the  National  Assembly,  and,  to  lace,  and  erecting  that  mjMrittmm 
that  effect,  he  will  have  a  right  to  imperio  which  is  so  fatil  to  tbe 
require  tbe  assistance  of  tbe  armed  existence  of  tranquillity.  A  great 
force,  and  of  all  officers,  command-  feast  of  fraternity  was  in  prepara- 


F»ww.]                    HISTORY.  [271 

tion,  at  which  all  the  citizens  of  Aseemblj,  in  front  of  whkb,  and 

Paris  vere  invited  U>  attend,  but,  in  the  court-yard,  was  drawn  up 

on  the  llth  of  May.  there  ap-  abody  of  about  1000  troop§  of  the 

peared  on  the  nalb  of  the  dty  a  Garde  Mobile,  but  these  did  not 

placard,  in  which,  after  quoting  offer  the  least  resistance,  and  the 

Terbatim  the  proclamation  of  the  people  then  mshed  into  the  gal- 

FrOTiaional     Goienuuent,     dated  leries  as  above  mentioned. 

i)6th  of  February,  in  which  it  "  un-  A  great  eensation  was  as  might 

dertook  to  guarantee  labour  to  all  be  expected  produced  in  the  As- 

dtizens,"  it  announced  that  "The  aembly,  which  was  increased  by 

promises  made  on  the  barricades  the  declamtion   of  U.  Degoiste. 

not  having  been  fulfilled,  and  the  who  mounted  the  tribune  and  said, 

National  Assembly  having  refused,  that,  contrary  to  the  express  orders 

in  its  sitting  on  the  10^  of  May,  of  the  qooBtore,  General  Conrtais, 

to  constitute  a  Ministry  of  labour,  the    Commander-in-chief   of  the 

the  delegates  of  the  Luxemboura  National  Guards,  had  directed  the 

decline  to  assbt  at  the  Jiu  called  soldiers  of  the  Garde  Mobile,  on 

I>»  la  Concorde."  duty  at  the  Chamber,  to  take  off 

We  have  mentioned  the  prom-  their  bayonets  snd  sheathe  them  in 

sition  made  by  M.  Wollowski  with  their  scabbards, 

r^&rd  to    Poland,   because    that  A  scene  of  disorder  now  ensned 

subject  was  seized  upon  as  the  somewhat  similar  to  that  which 

pretext  for  a  scene  of  tumultuous  occurred  at  the  lost  sitting  of  the 

violence,    which,    at    one    time.  Chamber  of  Deputies  when  the 

threatened  to  overthrow  the  Go-  Monarchy  was  overthrown.      M. 

vemment,  and  deliver  Paris  into  Barbes  rushed  to  the  tribune,  but 

the  hands  of  the  extreme   demo-  was   by  main  force  preveuted  by 

crats.     On  the  15th  of  May,  M.  some  of  the   Members  from   ad- 

Wollowski  had  again  ascended  the  dressing  the  Assembly.    The  Pre- 

tribone  for  the  purpose  of  speakiag  sident  put  on   his  hat,   and   the 

on  the  question  of  Poland,  when  Members  of  the  Executive  Gom- 

lond  cries  were  heard  outside  the  mittee  left  the  hall.    At  this  mo- 

Ohambers,  and  shortly  afterwards  ment  a  shot  was  fired  on  the  out- 

a  body   of  men  rushed   into  the  side,  which  produced  a  temporary 

galleries,  canying  banners  in  their  pause;  but  the  mob  soon  burst  in 

haodst  and   shouting  Vive  la  Po-  through  the  doors  and  filled  the 

togne !    An  immense  number  of  interior  of  the  building, 

workmen  had,  after  marching  along  Shortly  afterwards  M.  Buchez, 

the     Boulevards,   approached    in  the  President,  re-entered  the  hall, 

a  dense    mass    the   Pont  de  la  accompanied    by  the    Prefect  of 

Concorde.     Here  was  stationed  a  Police  and  the  Members  of  the 

small     detachment    of    Kstionsl  Executive  Committee.     M.  Barb^ 

Guards,  who  were  quite  inadequate  requested  the  people  to  be  silent, 

to  resist  the  passage  of  the  crowd,  in  order  that  the  Assembly  might 

which  pressed    forward  and  dis-  hear  the   petition  which  a  man 

armed  them,  unscrewing  without  standing    near   him   held  in   his 

oppoeition   the  bayonets  from  off  hand.    No  attention,  however,  was 

their  muskets.     They  then  rapidly  paid  to  his   suggestion,   and   the 

advanced  towards  the  hall  of  the  petition  was  read  amidst  the  ut- 


272]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  t^^«««- 

most  tnmult.  General  Conrtais,  and  cried  out,  "  CitisenB,  I  pro- 
MM.  Baspail,  Blanqui,  Barbds,  claim  in  the  name  of  tbe  aoTereign 
and  men  dressed  in  blouses  and  in  people  of  France,  that  the  Nationid 
their  sbirta,  occupied  tbe  tribune,  Assembly  ie  diaeolved." 
all  vociferating  together.  M.Louis  But  the  beating  of  the  rappd 
Blanc  then  app«ired  by  the  side  was  now  heard,  and  the  columns 
of  the  President,  and  vas  hailed  of  the  National  Ouards  were 
with  loud  cheera  by  tiie  mob.  marching  in  imposing  forco  to- 
Siience  being  restored,  U.  Louis  wards  the  hall.  *A  shout  was 
Blano  requested  the  people  to  be  raised  of  "  A  I'Hdtel  de  Ville  I " 
silent,  in  order  that  the  petition  and  most  of  Uie  leaders  of  the 
might  be  read  and  freely  discussed  clubs  attended  by  their  follower 
by  the  National  Assembly.  The  left  tbe  Assembly.  The  National 
right  of  petition  should  be  sacred,  Guards  entered  the  building,  and 
and  the  people  should  prove  itself  by  main,  force  expelled  all  who 
calm  in  its  force  and  moderation,  were  not  representatives  of  the 
The  petition  was  again  read  by  a  people,  upon  which  the  sitting  was 
delegate  of  the  clubs,  who  con-  re-commenced,  and  the  Assembly 
eluded  by  demanding  that  the  declared  itself  to  be  en  j)«raMn«nc«. 
Assembly  should  decree  irutanter  In  the  meantime,  M.  fiarb^, 
that  a  friendly  request  should  be  with  Albert,  There,  and  other 
addressed  to  tne  Northern  Powers  leaders  of  the  mob,  arrived  at  the 
to  re-establish  old  Poland,  and  that  H6tel  de  Ville.  The  gusrd  was 
a  French  army  be  held  ready  to  unable  to  prevent  the  entrance  of 
cross  the  Rhine  and  march  to  the  crowd  which  accompanied  them. 
Poland,  should  the  ultimatum  be  The  iron  gates  were  forced,  and  tbe 
rejected.  people  entered.  A  Provisional  Go- 
The  President  next  rose  and  vemment  was  proclaimed,  consist- 
observed,  that  the  Assembly  bad  ing  of  Ledru  Rollin,  Louis  Blanc, 
heard  their  petition,  and  that  if  Albert,  Caussidiere,  Sobrier,  Hu- 
they  wished  it  to  deliberate  upon  bert,  Thor6,  Froudhon,  Pierre 
it,  they  should  retire.  M.  Barbds  Leronx,  Gabet,  Raspml,  and  Blan- 
joined  in  the  recommendation,  qui.  The  name  of  U.  Flocon  was 
One  of  the  presidents  of  the  clubs  r^eoted.  That  of  Ledru  Bollin 
here  rose,  and  asked  leave  to  ex-  was  objected  to,  but  at  last  re- 
ploin  the  petition.  This  be  did  at  ceived.  M.  Barb^  wrote  ont  a 
some  length,  and  afterwards  M.  list  of  the  new  Provisional  Govem- 
Ledru  Rollin  ascended  the  tribune ;  ment,  and  threw  it  out  of  the 
but  when  he  called  upon  the  people  window  to  the  people ;  bnt  it  was 
to  withdraw  in  order  to  enable  the  seized  and  torn  to  pieces  by  the 
Assembly  to  deliberate,  a  tremen-  few  National  Guards  who  were 
dous  uproar  arose.  M.  Barb^  present  At  last  M.  Lamartine 
elevated  his  voice  to  the  hidiest  arrived  about  six  o'clock,  acoom- 
pitch,  and  was  beard  to  exclaim,  panied  by  a  strong  body  of  National 
"a  fixed  tax  of  a  milliard  shall  be  Guards,  who  occupied  all  the  pas- 
levied  ou  the  rich  to  carry  on  war  sages  leading  to  the  Hotel  de  Ville, 
for  Poland."  This  was  received  and,forcingtheirway intothe build- 
with  vociferous  cheering ;  and  not  ing,arreeted  M.  Barbds,  M.  Albert, 
long  afterwords,  M.  Hubert  rose  and  their  colleagues,  in  the  room 


fVono.]                    HISTORY.  [273 

where  they  were  orgtiniziiig  their  his  hand.     An  instant  after,  h« 

new  goTenimeiit   and    preparing  was   driven    from   the  Aasemblj 

procIamatioriB  to  the  people.          •  with  cries  of  "  Down  with  the 

The  timelj  assistance  afforded  traitor!" 
hj  the  National  Guard  iras  due  to  When  M.  Loois  Blano  entered 
the  active  measares  taken  by  MU.  the  Chamber  widi  hia  dothes  torn. 
Gamier  Faees  and  Arago,  who,  as  he  was  met  with  contemptooua 
Members  of  the  Ezecutive  Com-  shouts,  as  be  was  suspected  of  being 
auttee,  were  engaged  at  the  Pakce  privy  to  the  attempted  insuireo- 
of  the  Luxembourg,  and,  whenever  tion,  and  on  his  exchdming,  "  I 
thej  leomt  that  the  hall  of  the  swear  to  you  on  my  honour  that  I 
Assembly  had  been  invaded  by  the  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  scenes 
populace,  they  issued  orders  to  the  of  this  day,  and  that  I  even  ex- 
troops  to  march  instantly  to  the  pressed  my  diaMiprobation,"  he 
rescue.  After  the  mob  had  been  was  driven  by  denuve  cries  from 
compelled  to  withdraw,  M.  Clement  the  tribune.  The  Assembly  after- 
Thomas  said  that,  during  the  wards  adjourned, 
tumult,  the  President  of  the  Na-  The  coon ter-re volution  was  thus 
tiona]  Assembly  had  placed  him  promptly     and     efTectually    sup- 

^ravisionBlly  in  command  of  the  pressed,  and  in  a  wonder&lly  short 

[ational  Guard  in  order  to  protect  space  of  time  qniet  was  restored  to 

the  capital  from  anarchy,  and  that  the  capital.    MM.  Barbds,  Blan- 

he  now  begged  to  resign  the  autho-  oni,  Albert,  Sobrier,  and  Raspail, 

ritj  with  which  he  had  been  tempo-  tbe  leaders  of  the  movement,  were 

rarity  invested.  M.  Gamier  Pag^,  thrown  into  prison  in  the  Castle 

however,  immediately  rose  and  pro-  of  Viucennes,  and  the  National 

posed  the  following  decree,  which  Guards,  togedier  with  some  regi- 

W88  adopted  by  aociamstion: —  mentaof  tbe  line,  which  now  began 

"  In  the  name  of  the  French  to  make  their  appeanmoo  in  Paris, 

pemie  and  of  the  National  As-  held  themselves  ready  to  act  at  a 

sembly,  the  Executive  Committee  moment's  notice  to  prevent  any 

declares    that    Citizen    Clement  Ireeh  outbreak. 

Thomas  is  nominated  Commander-  On  tbe  following  day,  when  the 

in-Chief  of  tbe  National  Guards  of  Assembly  met,  the  President  at- 

Paris."  tempted  to  explain  a  part  of  his 

Against  General  Courtais,   as  conduct  which  had  caused  great 

having  betrayed   his    trast,    the  indignation.     He  had  written  to 

strongest    feeling    of  indwnation  the  officer  in  command  of  the  Na- 

was  eipreased.     He  wished  to  ad-  tional  Guards  to  prevent  the  rappd 

dreas  the   Chamber,  and  having  from  being  beaten.     This  he  said 

exclaimed,   "  In  tbe  name  of  the  he  had  done  in  order  not  to  excite 

pei^le  order  the  Nataonal  Guard  still  more  the  anger  of  the  people! 

to  withdraw,"  one  of  that  body  Upon  which  the  Members  almost 

criedout,  "General  of  the  Nation^  unanimously  exclaimed,  "You  were 

Guard,   you   are    a   general    no  wrong."    M.  Gamier  Pagte  ihea 

longer.     You  are  a  traitor.     I  de-  spoke,  and  stated  that  tbe  Bxe- 

grade  yon!"    At  these  words  he  oative  Committee  had  intrusted  the 

palled  off   his  epaulettes,  while  command  of  the  National  Guard 

another  wrenched  from  him  bis  to  Colonel  Thomas,  and  of  the 

tmord,  opon  which  be  bad  laid  army  in.  Paris  to  General  Bedeau,' 

Vol.  XC.  (TJ 


274]           ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Frmet. 

and  that  "  the  brave  and  glorioos  this  vu  a  fear  lest  too  great  an 

army  with  which  the  Members  of  importance    should    seem    to  be 

the  Committee  had  fralemized  "  attached  to  that  individual,  and 

had  been  called  to  Paris.  ^t,  as  the  Provisioiud  Govem- 

We   may   here    uention    that  ment  vere  then  on  the  point  of 

General  Gavaignac  was  about  this  resigning  their  powers,  tbey  did 

time  appointed  Minister  of  War.  not  like  to  adopt   any    rigorous 

M.  Boiyeaa  aftenTards  attacked  measures.      After    tome    further 

a.   Caussidiere,   the    Prefect   of  desultory  speeches,  the  Assembly 

Paris,  for  haviugillegallyorganized  passed  to  the  order  of  the  day. 
a  Republican  Guard,  some  of  whom 

he  said  be  saw  heading  the  mob  One  of  the  significaat  OTmptoms 

during  the  preceding  day.     M.  of  the  tenure  on  which  the  newly 

Caussidiere,  in  his   defence,  said  created  goremmeat  held  the  reins 

that  nobody  deplored  the  scenes  of  of  power  waa  the  fulsome  toae  of 

the  preceding  day  more  smcerely  flattery  which  it  felt  itself  con- 

than  he.     Nominated  by  the  com-  strained  to  adopt  in  its  addresses 

batants  of  the  barricades,  he  hod  to  the  people.      Thus,   after  the 

maintained  the  peace  of  the  city  insurreotion  had  been  quelled,  a 

during  two  montlis  and  a  half.    In  proclamation  afweared,  issued  by 

less  than  three  days  all  the  streets  the  members   of    the    Executive 

had  been  repaired,  and  the  circu-  Committee,  in    which  they  aaid : 

lation  restored.     Six  days  after  "  Citizens,    the    Assembly,    dis- 

the  Revolution,  the  price  of  bread  turbed  for  a  moment,  has  resumed 

had  dimiBisbed,  in  consequenee  of  i,ts  labours.    It  sits  in  the  midst 

the  measures  he  bad  adopted.    He  of  you,  always  great,  always  strong, 

had  established  an  effectual  police,  always  ready  to  assura  the  triumph 

and  was  aware  of  every  movement  of  the  Republic  and  to  realize  the 

of  the  enemies  of  the  Republic.  Just  hopes  which  the  revcdution 

Hie  object  had  been  to  maintain  a  has  raised  in  the  minds  of  the 

balance  between  parties.     A  com-  operatives. 

bination   among    the  journeymen  "  This  day  crime  haa  been  vao- 

bakers.  5000  in  number,  had  nearly  quished. 

deprived  Paris  of  bread,aiid  it  was  "The  National Guard.tiieGarde 

through  his  interference  that  the  Mobile,  all  the  forces  in  Paris  and 

catastrophe    had    been     obviated,  in  the  neighbourhood,  have  driven 

Alarmed  at  the   machinations   of  before  them  the  insane  conspirators 

Citizen  Blanqui,  whom  ha  regarded  who  oonceived  their  plots  against 

as  one  of  the  greatest  enemies  of  liberty  under  the  name  of  Poland, 

the  Republican  party,  he  had  i^  "  Citizens,  your  victory  has  been 

plied  for  a  warrant  to  arrest  him ;  holy,  for  the  blood  of  your  brothers 

which  had  betn  refuted.   He  might  has  not  been  shed.     Bemainpre- 

have  executed  the  warrant  at  six  pared,  remain  armed  to  defend,  as 

o'clock  on  the  previous  morning,  you  have  shown  yourself  so  com- 

and  thus  obviated  the  deplorable  petent  to  do,  the  Republic  against 

scenes  of  that  day.  anarchy." 

With  reference  to  the  rsfiisal  to  On    the    17th    of    May,    the 

grant  a  warrant  for  the  arrest  of  Hinisler  of  Finance  presented  to 

Blanqui,  M.  Cr6mieux,  Minister  the    Assembly   a  prtget   du  lot, 

of  Juatice,  said  that  the  reason  of  relative  to  the  purchaoe  of  railway* 


France.]                         HISTORY.  [275 

by  the  State.    He  divided  them  M&rtin  (of  S(nshurg),  Voirhayo, 

into  two  categories,  and,  with  re-  Coquerel    (Protestant    Miniater), 

gard  to  the  firat,  made  the  follow-  Corbon.     Tourret    (de     I'AlUer), 

ing  proportion : —  Gustave    de    Beaumont,    Dupin, 

"The  value  of  those  different  Vanlabelle,  Odillon  Barrot,  Pagte 

linee  ahall  be  fixed,  according  to  (de  I'Aridge),  Dom^,  and  Con- 

the  average    price   of   their    re-  aiderant. 

apective    shatva    on    the    Pans  On  Sunday,  the  3  let  of  Mav,  a 

Bourse   daring    the    eix    montha  grand  /He  de  eoneorde  took  place 

that  preceded   the  revolution  of  at  Paris,  whii^  passed  off  without 

the  iUth  of  Febmaiy,  (from  the  the  ali^test  attempt  at  disturb- 

fi4th  of  August,  1647,  to  the  24th  ance.    The  people  seemed  to  be 

of  Februaiy,  1848).     In  exchange  in  the  best  possible  humour,  and 

for  the  shares   the  holders  shall  to  have    buried   in    oblivion  the 

receive  coupons  of  renta  five  per  evente  of  the  preceding  week.     In 

cent,  price  for  price,  according  to  the    meantime,    however,    some 

the  average    pnce  of    the   Paris  deplorable  scenes  were  acted  at 

Bourse   during    the    six    months  Lyons,  where   bands   of  ruffians, 

above  mentioned."  ccjling  themselves  voraeei,  made 

With  r^ard  to  the  second,  the  themselves  for  a  time  masters  of 
Uinister  wss  to  be  authorized  to  the  city,  and  caused  tbe  utmost 
treat  with  each  company  sepsr  alarm.  Barricades  were  erected 
ratel  J.  The  shareholders  of  these  and  the  red  flag  hoisted.  In  con- 
companies  were  to  have  the  power  sequence  of  this,  the  Groix-Bousse, 
at  a  general  meeting  to  accept,  by  where  the  insurgents  had  esta- 
a  m^)ori^  of  votee,  the  conditions  bliehed  their  head-quarters,  wss 
proposed  by  tbe  Minister  of  Fir  declared  to  be  in  a  state  of  siege, 
nonce,  and  thus  contract  for  the  and  the  National  Guards  were 
universality  of  their  shareholders,  obliged  to  act  with  energy  and 

"  A  sum  of  rmtei  equal  to  the  firmness  to  put  down   the  insur- 

estimated  value  of  the   railroads  rection.     This,  however,  they  sue- 

redeemed  shsll  be  inscribed  on  the  ceeded  in  doing,  and  tranquilli^ 

Grand  Book  of  the  Public  Debt,  was  restored, 

and  the  Btote,  assuming  the  place  We  now  turn  to  the  proceed 

of  the  companies,  shall  reimburse  ings  of   the  National  Assembly, 

their  obligations  and  loans  on  the  Our  limits  of  course  prevent  us 

terms  stipulated  with  the  lenders."  from  giving  anything  like  a  de- 

A  sub-committ«e  was  afterwards  tailed  account  of  the  debates  which 

appointed  to  draw  up  a  report  on  there  took  place ;  nor  indeed  were 

toe  proposed  measure.  they  of  sufficient  interest  to  justify 

"a  die  foU     ■       '        -      ■  ....           .        _     .   A 


J  following  day,  tbe  As-  a  lengthened  narrative.    We  shall 

sembly  appointed  by  ballot  a  Com-  thermore  confine  ourselves  to  the 

mitt«e,  consisting  of  16  Members,  more    prominent    and    important 

te  accomplish  the  important  task  topics  of  discussion, 

of  drawing  up  the  plan  of  a  Con-  .   On  the  Q4th  of  May.  M.  Dom^s, 

sdtution.     The  following  names  the  reporter  of  the  Committee  to 

were    chosen: — MM.    Cormenin,  which  the  question  of  preparing  a 

Annand      ManBSt,      Lamennois,  Bill  relative  to  the  Orleans  family 

Vivien,      Tooqueville,      Dufaure,  had    been   referred,    stated    that 
[T2] 


276]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [FrMct. 

they  proposed  that  the  Assembly  repelled  the  charge  of  havuig  vio- 

sbould   adopt  the   following   de-  lated  the  principle  of  the  nuionol 

eree: —  eovereigiift,  vhioh  he  had  advo- 

"  The  Nationai  ABBembij  de-  cated  dl  his  life,  and  considered 
crees  that  the  entrance  of  the  the  greateat  of  crimee.  The  Pre- 
French  territory,  denied  to  the  sident,  he  mumtained,  had  autlw- 
Bourbone  of  the  elder  branch  by  rizod  him  to  speak  to  the  people, 
the  law  of  the  10th  of  April,  1683,  and  at  the  moment  Hubert  pro- 
shall  be  likewise  denied  to  Lotus  nounced  the  dissolution  of  the  As- 
Philippe  and  bis  family."  sembly  he  was  at  his  seat,  engaged 

On  the  li6th,  a  debate  took  place  in  wiiting  tboea  words : — "  In  the 

upon  this  question,  and  the  result  name  of  the  people  and  of  your 

was  that  a  decree  for  the  perpetual  own  sovereignty,  I  entreat  you  to 

baniabment  of  Lonis  Philippe  and  retire." 

his  family  was  carried  by  a  ma-  The  Assembly,  after  a  short  dia- 

jority  of  fl95   to   AS.      Amongst  cnsaion,  decided  that  the  qoesUoa 

those  who  voted  in  the  affirmative,  of  impeachment  should  be  referred 

was  M.  Duvergisr  de  Hauranne,  to  a  Committee  to  bo  appointed  by 

who  had  been  a  minister  under  the  different  bureaux,  and  one  was 

the  ex-King.  immediately  nominated    for  that 

At  the  sitting  on  the  Slst,  the  purpme. 
President  announced  to  the  As-  On  the  Snd  of  June,  M.  Jules 
sembly,  that  M. ,  Portalis,  the  Favre,  the  reporter  of  the  Com- 
Procureor-Oeneral  of  the  Conrt  of  mittee,  stated  that  they  had  de- 
Appeal  of  Paris,  demanded  per-  tennined,  by  a  nuyoritrof  IS  to  8, 
mission  to  praeecute  M.  Louis  to  propose  to  the  Assembly  that  a 
Blanc,  on  the  ^ond  that  he  was  prosecution  should  be  instituted 
seriously  implicated  in  the  law-  against  M.  Louis  Blaua  The  fol- 
leee  proceedings  which  had  taken  lowing  day  was  app^uted  for  tin 
place  on  the  I6th  of  May.  M.  discussion  to  take  idaee  on  this 
Louis  Blano  then  ascended  the  recommendation,  when,  after  <t 
tribune,  and  said  that  he  did  not  stormy  debate,  in  v^di  it  turned 
come  forward  to  defend  himself  as  out  that  M.  Cremieoz,  Minister  of 
aman,  but  as  a  represmtative  of  Justice,  hadinapreviousoommuni- 
th«  people,  and  a  member  of  that  cation  with  the  law  officers  agreed 
Oovemment  which  had  inaugu-  to  the  impeachment,  althou^  he 
rated  the  era  of  the  Bepublic  by  now  opposed  it,  the  AasemUy 
proclaiming  justice  and  clemency,  divided  upon  the  question,  v^n 
and  the  abolition  of  capital  punish-  tliere  appeiared 
ments.    He  little  espeet«d  that 

anch   would    be   the    recompense  For  the  Requisition  of  the 

reserved  to   him   for  wishing  to  Attorney-General     .     .  S37 

establish  a  great  and  prions  Re-        Against  it S60 

public  free  from  all  excesses.     He  . 

entreated  his  colleagues  to  abstain  Mqority  against  the  Be- 

from  all  acta  tending  to  recall  the  quiaition    .     .  -  .     .     .     &ii  • 
Ksiga  of  terror,  far  such  arms  mi^t 

at  a  future  day  be  turned  against  All  the  Ministers,  with  one  ex- 

tbemsalYse.    He  then  indignantly  oeption,  M.  Bastide,  voted  in  the 

ChxwIc 


Fnmee.]                          HISTORY.  [277 

m^oritf,  and  as  M.  Cr^mieiix'fl  M.  Pierre  Buonaparte  and  M. 

oondoct  exposed  him  to  the  charge  Napoleon  Buonaparte  declared  that 

UT  inconsistency,  for  which  he  ma  they   were  afiOicted  at  what  had 

■bleto  giTenoBatis&ctor^acGonnt,  taken  place;  and  that  thej  would 

tie  aftenrards  rested  his  post,  be  found  in  the  first  ranks  of  the 

and  was  succeeded  hj  M.  Beth-  defenders  of  the  Republic — to  give 

Diont.     At   the  same    lime    M.  tbeir  blood  and  their  livee  in  its 

Portalis,  the   Proonreur-Oeneral,  preservation.     Bat  they  appealed 

resigned  office,  and  waa  replaced  tn  reason,  and  said  it  was  a  terrible 


by  M.  Martin  (of  Strasbui^).  moment  to  propose  a  proscription 

On  the  6th  of  June  M.  Buches  reaolved  on  beforehand,  and  in  a 
quitted  the  President's  chair,  which  time  of  reSection.  It  wonid  hence* 
he  had  occupied  for  one  month,  forward  be  euoi^h  for  any  wretches 
the  ]>eriod  limited  by  the  rules  of  to  nse  a  name  criminallj,  and  it« 
the  Assembly,  and  M.  Senard  was  bearer  would  be  compromised, 
elected  as  his  successor.  The  Empire  was  a  chimera:  who 

About  tlna  tame  an  incident  oo-  wished  for  it  ?  it  could  never  be 
cnrred  which  occasioned  some  per-    revived. 

plexi^  to  the  Chamber,  and  waa  Next  day  the  question  of  the 
regarded  as  an  inauspidons  omen  exclusion  of  Loais  Niqwleon  was 
of  fresh  troubles.  Louis  Napoleon  again  brongfat  forward  by  M.  Jules 
Buonaparte,  who  a^r  his  escape  Favtc,  on  ^e  report  of  thedeoision 
from  (he  foTtresB  of  Ham,  as  has  of  one  of  tlje  bureaux;.^  the 
been  related  in  a  preoedii^  volume,  effect  that  be  onght  to  be  admitted 
bad  resided  in  Et^land,  came  over  to  take  hb  seat  as  member  for  the 
to  Paris  when  the  Republic  waa  department  of  the  Lower  Cha- 
proclaimed,  bnt,  acting  upon  the  rente.  A  warm  debate  followed, 
advice  of  the  Provisional  Govern-  in  which  M.  Louis  Blanc  declared 
ment,  quietly  retired  from  France,  himself  in  fovour  of  the  admission 
He  was  now  elected  as  a  member  of  Louis  Napoleon ;  and  ii.  Ledm 
of  the  National  Assembly  by  no  Rollin  opposed  it.  He  said,  "  la 
lees  than  four  constituencies,  and  the  Assembly  ignorant  of  events? 
moch  difference  of  opinion  pre-  A  judicial  investigation-  has  just 
vailed  as  to  the  course  which  commenced,  and  it  has  been  die- 
ought  to  be  adopted  towards  him.  covered  that  money  has  been  dis- 
A  vehement  and  angry  discus-  tributed,  and  the  house  from  which 
eion  took  place  in  the  Assembly,  that  money  has  come  is  known; 
in  the  course  of  which  Id.  de  La-  wine  has  also  been  distributed  ( 
martine.  alluding  to  the  charge  cries  of 'Vive  Napoleon  I' have  re> 
against  him  of  having  acted  in  nni-  sounded  in  our  ears,  and  the  vralia 
son  withMM.  BlanquiandBarb^,  hare  been  covared  vrith  aeditioaB 
said — "  If  I  have  con^ired  with  placards.  IffSftiin  four  days  three 
those  men,  it  was  when  they  had  Napoleonist..  ienniala  were  esta* 
not  been  unmasked.  I  conspired  blished,  preparing  the  way  for  the 
with  them  as  the  lightning-con-  oaodidateship  of  Louis  Napoleon 
ductor  conspires  with  the  thunder-  as  President.  If  the  National 
aterm.  I  for  a  long  time  withstood  Assembly  thinks  that  no  measures 
diose  men."  This  was  applauded  should  be  taken  in  the  face  of  such 
by  several  voices,  which eiaaimed,  facta,  let  it  declare  ita  opinion: 
"  That  is  true."  the  Executive  Committee  ooes  its 


278]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848.  [Fr«.«. 

duty,  )et  the  National  Assemblj  do  and    intelligent;    and,    eince  in* 

theira."  voluntarily  I  EaTour  diaordar,    I 

In  the  roEiult  it  waa  decided  by  beg  leave,  tbouffh  not  without 
a  great  majori^  of  the  Aesembly,  deep  regret,  to  place  my  redgna- 
the  votes  being  taken  by  members  tion  in  your  hanaa. 
rising  and  sitting  in  their  places,  "  Tranquillilj,  I  trust,  will  now 
that  Louis  Napoleon  should  be  ad-  be  restored,  and  enable  me  to  re- 
mitted to  take  his  seat  as  a  repre-  turn  to  France  as  the  humblest  at 
sentativB  of  the  people.  citizens,  but  also  as  one  of  the 

Almost  immediately  afterwards  most  devoted  to  the  repose  and 

the  President  of  the  Assembly  re-  prosperity  of  hie  country. " 

ceived  a  letter  from  Louis  Napo-  A  proof  of  the  aniions  desire 

leon.  dated  London,  June  14,  in  felt    by    the    repreeentatives    of 

which  he  said — "  I  was  about  to  France  to  put  an  end  to  popular 

set  off  in  order  to  appear  at  my  disturbances  vras  afforded   by  the 

post,  when  I  leamt  that  my  elec-  large  m^ority  which  voted  in  fa- 

Uon  had  been  made  the  pretext  vour  of  a  bill  for  preventing  tn- 

fbr  disorders  and  disastrous  errors,  multuotis  assemblages  in  the  public 

I  repudiate  all  the  saspicions  of  streets.      It  was  brought  forward 

which  I  have  been  the  object ;  for  on  the  Tth  of  June,  and  was,  after 

I  aeek  not  for  power.     If  tht  peo-  an  animated  discussion,  carried  by 

pU  impoK  dvtiet  on  me,  /  thall  a  m^oritj  of  478  to  82.    The  first 

know  haic   to  fidJU^tkan;   bat  I  two  articles  provided  that, — 

disavow  all  those  who  have  made  "  All  assemblage  of  armed  in- 

use  of   my  name   to   excite   dis-  dividualsiuthepublicetreetaispro- 

turbanoe.     The  name  which  I  bear  faibited,  as  well  as  all  assemblages 

is  above  all  a  symbol  of  order,  of  of  unarmed  men  calculated  to  dis- 

nationality,  of  glory;  and,  rather  turb  public  tranquillity." 

than  be  the  subject  of  disorder  and  "  An  armed  assemblage  consti- 

of  anaichy,  I  should  prefer  remain-  tutes  a  crime,  if  it  does  not  disperse 

Jngin  exile."  at  the  first  summons.    It  only  con- 

The  reading  of  this  letter  caused  stitutes  an  offence,  if,  at  the  first 
the  greatest  excitement  in  the  summons,  it  disperses  without  re- 
Chamber,  which  interpreted  the  sistance." 

passage  marked  in  italics  as  a  sig-  And  after  detailing  the  nature 
nificant  hint  te  the  nation  that  of  the  punishment  to  be  inflicted, 
the  author  vras  ready  to  co-operate  according  te  the  degree  and  cha- 
in an  attempt  to  found  a  Buona-  racter  of  the  offence,  the  Bilt 
parte  dynasty.  An  angry  debate  enacted  that  "  in  all  cases  the  de- 
ensued,  which  was  adjourned  to  linquente  shall  be  deprived  of  their 
the  following  day,  when  the  cause  dvil  r^bts." 
of  disquiet  was  unexpectedly  re-  It  was  evident  that  out  of  doon 
moved  by  the  reading  of  a  second  a  party  was  formed  whose  inten- 
letter  from  Louis  Napoleon,  which  tion  it  was  to  use  the  name  of 
was  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Napoleon  as  a  pretext  for  dis- 
President  during  the  sitting  of  the  tnrbance,  and  the  thoughtless  mu!- 
Assembly.  and  which  contained  the  titude  were  ready  to  adopt  the  cry 
following  passages : —  as  the  watchwoij  of  change  from 

"  I  desire  order  and  the  main-  the  existing  state  of   thi^,   of 

teoance  of  a  Bepnblic,  wise,  grand,  which  they  had  already  begun  to 


HISTORY. 


be  impadent  The  conduct  of  the 
OoTenim«it  vith  reference  to  the 

Suestion  of  the  impeachment  of 
(.  Louis  Btanc  baa  given  great 
offence  to  the  Uodentte  putj. 
Thej  had  exhibited  a  mmt  of 
firmness  and  a  disposition  to 
tmckle  to  the  extreme  democrats, 
which  bad  shaken  confidence  in 
their  policy.  A  meeting  of  400 
members  of  the  ModftH  was  held 
in  the  Salle  des  Conferences  on 
the  lOtb  of  June,  and  it  was  then 
resolved  that  an  active  opposition 
should  be  oTVanized  in  the  Assem- 
bly. On  Ue  following  daj  M. 
L^  Fancher,  in  the  first  bureau, 
attacked  the  Idiuistry,  and  pro- 
posed that  the  grant  of  100,00(y. 
per  month  for  its  expenses  abould 
be  refused,  but  that  the  salaries 
of  the  Executive  Committee  should 
be  sJlowsd.  He  said, — "  France 
needs  a  Government.  It  will  not 
retara  to  its  industries  without 
order,  secaritj,  and  confidence ; 
for  which  she  has  in  rain  waited 
for  four  months.  France,  which 
mil  be  governed,  when  it  no  longer 
feels  the  hand  of  a  government 
will  throw  itself  into  the  arms  of  a 
dictator.  Tliis  dictator  I  see  al- 
ready in  the  distance.  A  name 
hss  been  pronounced  and  adopted 
in  the  elections — a  name  which  is 
a  talisman  against  which  we  cannot 
too  much  stm^e  for  libsr^,  allied 
to  order.  I  will,  if  I  can,  save 
the  Republic.  I  therefore  refuse 
this  grant." 

Afterwards,  in  the  Assembly,  in 
tbemidstofanunintereating  debate, 
JA.  Heckeres  ascended  the  tribune, 
and  with  marks  of  great  excitement 
exclaimed, — "  Letters  which  have 
been  received  from  Troyss  etate 
that,  at  the  moment  when-  a  regi- 
ment of  the  line  was  entering 
that  tovm,  the  National  Guard 
went  ont    to   welcome  the  new 


[279 

comers,  and  that,  when  the  National 
Guard  cried  out,  '  Vive  la  R£pub- 
lique,' the  Regiment  replied,  'Vive 
Napolfon  Louis.'" 

This  statement  occasioned  ntuch 
agitation  in  the  Chamber;  but  Ge- 
neral Cavaignac,  the  Minuter  of 
War,  declared  that,  as  do  such  re- 
port had  been  communicated  to 
the  Government,  he  believed  it  to 
be  false  and  calumnious;  and  be 
added — 

"  Since  an  opportunity  offers 
itself,  I  will  speak  my  mind.  I 
have  no  intention  of  (Erecting  an 
Bccusstion  against  any  of  my  fellow- 
citiaens,  nor  have  I  the  right  to 
question  tbe  innocence  of  the  man 
whose  name  is  so  unfortunately 
put  forward  in  this  way:  but  I 
cannot  help  delivering  over  to 
public  execration  whoever  sbalt  lay 
a  sacrilegious  hand  on  the  publie 
liberties. 

The  whole  Assembly  here  rose, 
vrith  cries  of  "  Vive  la  Repub- 
lique  I "  When  the  enthusiasm 
had  subsided,  General  Cavaignao 
proceeded  :  "  Honour  and  glory  to 
tbe  citizen  faithful  to  his  duties, 
who  devotes  bis  blood,  fortune, 
talent,  and  intellectual  f^ulties,  to 
tbe  happiness  and  service  of  his 
countiyr  but  shame  and  woe  to 
him  who  would  dare  to  speculate 
on  the  difficulties  of  the  times, 
and  the  sufferings  of  his  native 
land,  and  who  would  turn  a  glo- 
rious name  to  the  account  of  bis 
personsl  ambition  1 " 

Subsequent  events,  as  we  shall 
see,  invested  the  opinions  of  this 
officer  with  great  importanee. 

This  occurred  on  Saturday,  the 
16th,  and  on  the  following  Monday 
there  was  much  excitement  exhi- 
bited in  the  etreets  of  Paria,  from  a 
general  belief  that  Louis  Napoleon 
would  make  his  entrance  into  the 
capital  on  that  day.    Were  not  the 


280             ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.  [P'o-e4. 

veisatile  chancUr  of  the  Pariaian  of  the  Treasury,  in  which  he  esid 

populace  eo  well  known,  it  would  that  it  was  in  an  improTing  stats, 

be  difficult  to  believe  that  the  hero  The  deficit  on  the  first  of  March 

of  the  Straeburg  SmmOe,  the  Bou-  was  foarteen  tnillione  of  francs ;  in 

logue    invasion,    and    the    tame  April  it  was  aeventeen  millions; 

eagle  *    could   have  excited  any  in  Uaj  it  had  only  been  eleven 

fediog  of  enthusiasm  in  France.  millionB,  with  a  promise  of  even  a 

The   National    Guards,   however,  better  month  in  June.     The  bank 

paraded  the  atreete,  and,  by  their  was   to  advance  another  loan  of 

determined  conduct,  prevented  any  100,000,000  francs  i   seventy-five 

disturbance.  millions  in  1848,  and  sevenly-five 

In   the  Assembly,  M.  Jerome  more  in  1849.     He  proposed  that 

Buonaparte  rose,  and  said,  with  100,000  franca  per  month  should 

reference  to  the  speech  of   Ge-  be  voted  for  the  expenses  of  the 

nend   Cavaignao,   that,   although  Bzecutive  Committee, 

be  was  no  partisan  of  his  rek-  In    the    course  of  the   debate 

tion    and     friend     Louis     Napo-  which    followed,    M.    de    Lamar- 

leon,  and    disapproved    of  some  tine   s^d.  in  answer  to  the  at- 

parts    of   his    past   conduct,    be  tacks  which  were  made  upon  the 

claimed  justice  on  his  behall    He  Government,  that  he  denied  that 

gave  a  hietoir  of  his  proceedings  the    Executive    Committ«e    vras 

on  the  first  days  of  the  Republic  torn    by   divisions,    or    restricted 

in  March,  and  demanded  that  he  by  opinions  from  a  free  course 

should    either    be    publicly   de-  of  action.     During  the  existence 

Dounced,  or  no  longw  aocused  of  of  the   Provisional  Government, 

acting  improperly.      On  the  pre-  formed  as  was  that  of  the  24th 

ceding  night,  hearingi  it  was  the  of    February,    there  were   many 

intention  of  Government  to  intro-  anomslies,  many  errors,  and  many 

duce  a  measure  of  exclusion  against  mysterieB,  which  would  one  day 

M.  Louis  Napoleon,  he  had  waited  be  cleared   up ;   but  the  Assem- 

on  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  bly    could     not     be     made     ao- 

and  teamt  from  him  explicitly  that  quainted  with  them  all  at  onoe, 

DO  such  intention  existed.      He  and  certain  doubts  and  mistrust 

was  now  astonished  to  hear  &om  must  necessarily  remain  for  a  time 

Members  of   the  Assembly   that  in  the  mibds  of  many.    He  alluded 

they  were  about  to  bring  in  such  to  the  results  of  the  foreign  policy 

a  measure.  which  had  been  pursued.     With- 

M.  Flooon  admitted  that  it  was  out  a  struKle,  or  a  single  blow, 

intended  to  propose  a  decree  to  France  stoM  higher  in  the  opinion 

that  effect,  but  put  it  to  the  As-  of  the  world,  and  hsr  influence  was 

sembly  whether  it  would  then  take  greater,  than  ever  it  was  before  or 

the  matter  into  oonsideraUon,  or  after  the    greatest   victories    she 

first  decide  the  financial  proposi-  had  gained.     Eun^  judged  the 

tion  of  the  Oovemment      The  efforts    of   the    Executive    mora 

Chamber  determined  to  give  pre-  generously  than  they  were  judged 

oedence  to  the  latter,  and  M.  Du-  at  home. 

clerc,   the    Minister  of    Finance,  M.  de  LamartJne  hero  sat  down 

made  a  statement  of  the  position  from  fatigue,  and   the  Assembly 

adjourned  for  a  short  time,  and 

■  See  voL  IxuiL  p.  178.  during  the  interval  it  happened 


Prime$.} 


HISTORY. 


that  K  piBtol,  in  the  pocket  of  an 
officer  nbo  was  doing  out;  amongst 
tbe  crowd  aeeembled  around  the 
hall,  accidonUllj  went  off,  and  in 
the  feverish  state  of  the  pnblio 
mind  this  trifling  incident  caused 
much  confusion  and  alarm.  The 
exaggemted  importance  attributed 
to  it  will  be  seen  from  the  follow- 
ing remarks  of  M.  da  Lomartine 
when  be  resumed  his  speech. 

"  Oeutlemen,  a  &tal  circum- 
Btaooe  occurred  when  I  was  ad- 
dressing the  ABsambly.  While  I 
was  ipeakiug  on  the  condttioDB  of 
the  re-establishment  of  order,  se- 
veral shots  were  fired,  one  at  the 
commandant  of  the  National 
Guard,  another  at  an  officer  of  the 
army,  and  a  third  at  a  Nalioual 
Oniurd ;  and  this  was  done  to  the 
My  of  'Vi»e  TEmpereur  Napo- 
Itenl'  This  is  the  first  drop  of 
blood  that  has  stained  our  re*blu> 
taoo ;  and,  if  blood  has  now  been 
shed,  it  luis  not  been  for  liberty, 
but  1^  military  tuisticiBm,  and  in 
the  name  of  aa  ambition  sadly,  if 
not  Toluutarily,  mixed  up  with 
guilty  manOBUvree.  In  deploring 
with  you  this  unfortunate  collision, 
the  OoTemment  has  not  to  be 
Uaaied  for  not  having  been  pre- 
pared for  these  sad  eventualities. 
This  very  morning,  an  hour  before 
t^  sitting  of  the  Assembly,  we 
had  prepared  a  declaration,  which 
events  have  compelled  us  ti>  read 
to  yon  immediately.  When  con- 
spiracy is  taken  t»  flagrante  dt- 
Ueto,  with  its  hand  dyed  in  French 
blood,  the  law  should  be  voted  by 
acelamatioD." 

U.  Larabit. — "Let  us  have  no 
vote  by  actdamatiou." 

M.  de  Xismartine  then  read 
aloud  the  decree  provisionally 
made  against  Louis  Ncqxileon.  It 
Alluded  to  his  twice  coming  for- 


[281 

ward  as  a  pretender;  avowed  fears 
that  he  might  compromise  the  lie- 
public;  and  concluded  with  a  de- 
claration that  the  Govenim«nt 
should  "  cause  the  law  of  1683  to 
be  executed  against  Louis  Napo- 
leon Bonaparte  until  such  time  aa 
the  National  Assembly  shall  de- 
cide otherwise." 

Immediately  upon  this  the  whole 
Assembly  rose  in  a  body,  and  witli 
the  greateet  enthusiaBm,  shouted, 
"Vive  la  Repubhque!"  but  M. 
Larabit  added,  in  a  loud  voice— 
"  Vive  la  Repnblique ;  but  no  pro- 
soriptions." 

On  the  19th  of  June,  M.  At* 
mand  Marrast,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed reporter  of  the  committee 
to  which  nad  been  confided  the 
task  of  drawing  up  the  plan  of  a 
constitution,  ascended  the  tribune, 
and  read  the  report  which  he  and 
his  colleagues  had  agreed  to  adopt. 
The  following  is  a  uiort  pr&iii  of 
this  important  document:— 

There  was  to  be  one  Pre- 
sident, to  be  elected  by  universal 
suffrage  for  a  period  of  four  years. 
Any  person,  bmng  a  French  citizen, 
30  years  of  age,  and  of  good  cha' 
racter,  was  to  be  eligiMe  to  the 
office.  A  Vice-Freeident  was  to 
be  elected  by  the  National  As- 
sembly, whuw  was  to  consist  of 
760  members,  there  being  no  other 
chamber.  The  Ministers  to  be 
nominated  by  the  President,  and 
dismissed  according  to  his  will  and 
pleasure.  A  Council  of  Sute  to 
be  appointed  out  of  the  members 
of  the  Assembly,  to  consist  of  40 
persons  at  least,  and  chosen  by  the 
Assembly  itself,  the  office  of  that 
body  being  to  consider  and  draw 
up  the  laws  which  may  be  deemed 
by  the  Government  advisable  to 
bring  in.  The  punishment  of 
death  was  interdicted  for  political 


S82j            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Fra^. 

oBencee.  Slareiy  tbs  abolished  Works,  bat  iDsiated  that  in  Aitai^ 
in  all  the  Frencti  coloniea  ;  the  no  credit  should  be  demanded  for 
press  to  be  free,  and  every  mem  to  the  aame  purpose  exceeding  a  mil- 
nave  a  right  to  print,  and  cause  to  lion  of  francs, 
print,  wluteverne  pleased,  subject  iS..  Trelat,  Minister  of  Publio 
to  such  guarantees  to  the  State  as  Works,  said  that  many  labooFerB 
may  he  deemed  uecessaty.  All  had  already  been  formed  into 
reh^ons  to  he  allowed  in  Prance,  brigadee,  and  would  leave  in  a  few 
and  the  Tarious  ministers  to  be  days  for  the  canal  of  the  Mame, 
paid  by  the  State.  Publio  instmc-  the  Upper  Mame,  the  Upper 
tion  to  be  free,  but  sabject  to  the  Seine,  and  the  Tours  and  Nantes 
superintendence  of  the  State.  Sub-  Railroad.  Their  number  was  about 
stitutes  to  be  interdicted  in  the  U,000.  M.  Tr61at  regretted  the 
army  and  navy.  The  national  anxie^  evinced  by  the  committee 
debt  was  declared  sacred.  Pro-  of  the  Assembly  to  destroy  these 
perty  was  inviolable.  Gratnitona  workshops.  For  his  part  he 
education  to  be  given  to  the  work-  would  never  consent  to  it,  nor 
ing  classes,  so  as  to  prepare  them  would  he  adopt  hasty  measures 
for  their  different  callings.  Algeria  when  the  intereeta  of  his  fellow- 
was  declared  an  integral  part  of  creatures  were  at  stake.  He  could 
the  French  soil,  and  to  be  admi-  understand  the  surprise  of  the 
nistered  by  laws  pecoliar  to  itself.  Assembly  at  finding  that  the  work- 
The  same  to  t^e  place  in  the  ing  of  mese  establishments  con- 
other  French  colonies.  Trials  to  tinned  the  same,  notwithstanding 
be  public ;  the  judges  when  once  all  the  activity  and  eeal  he  had 
appointed  to  be  permanent  die^yed  to  reform  the  abuse. 

At  the  same  sitting  M.  Falloux  This  question  of  the  removal  of 

presented  a  i^nrt  on  the  demand  the  workmen  became  the  pretext 

of   8,000,000/  for  the   national  for  a  terrible  explosion,  and  re- 

atdUn.    The  oommitt«e  t«  which  vealed  the  existence  of  a  dark  and 

it  had  been  referred  had,  he  said,  deep-seated  conspiracy  to  deliver 

seen  with  pain  that  a  former  sum  up  the  capital  and  France  to  alt 

(tf  three  millions  had  been  already  the  horrors  of  anarchy,  by  esta- 

expended  on  the  day  it  was  claimed,  blishing  the  triumph  of  the  Red 

Such  an  infraction,  justified  by  the  Repubhcans. 

Minister  of  Finance,  by  the  ex-  Themaaseaof unemplcyedwork- 

hibition  of  an  order  of  the  Ex-  men  in  Paris,    who  must  either 

ecutive   Committee,   was  so  con-  support  themselves  on  the  pittance 

tnury  to  all  rules,  that  the  com-  doled  out  in  the  ^teli^n^otidnatM; 

mittee  trusted  that  it  would  never  or  starve,  were  ripe  for  a  revolt; 

be  repeated.      It  had  also  seen  and  the  specious  doctrines  o£  the 

with  r^pvt  that  its  first  decree  Communists  and  Socialists,  who 

had  not  been  oiecuted,  and  that  were    actively    employed    in   dis- 

the  census  of  the  labourers  em-  seminoting  them,   found  a  ready 

ployed  in  those  establishments  had  reception  with  them,  while  they 

not  yet  been  received.    The  com-  were  in  a  state  of  idleness  and 

mittee,  nevertheless,  recommended  hunger.     During  the  few  days  be- 

the  grant  of  three  millions  re-  fore  the  eventful  Q3rd  of  June,  the 

qidred  by  die  Minister  of  Publio  condition  of  the  lower  classes  had 


Fnmee.}                          HISTORY.    "  [283 

been  die  subject  of  frequent  com-  agtunst  fainilf  and  proper^,  tbe 
ment  in  tbe  National  Assembly,  basis  of  all  society. 
M.  Victor  Hugo,  the  well-knonn  M.  Leon  Faucher,  complained  of 
novelist,  said  with  reference  to  the  the  little  attention  paid  b;  the 
(ii«[tan,  that  he  admitted  that  those  Government  to  the  question  of  the 
establishments  had  been  at  first  a  national  woriuhops,  and  of  its 
necessity,  but  it  was  now  full  time  allowing  thennmbeisof  indivduals 
to  remedy  an  evil  of  which  the  employed  in  them  to  increase  from 
least  inconvenience  was  to  squander  13,000  to  190,000.  Misery,  he 
uselessly  the  resources  of  the  coun-  msintained,  was  extending  to  all 
try.  What,  be  asked,  had  they  classes  of  society.  Vety  aoon  not 
produced  in  the  course  of  four  a  single  manufacture  would  be  in 
months  ?  Nothing.  They  had  de-  operation  in  Paris ;  the  shops  would 
graded  the  vigorous  children  of  by  degrees  be  closed,  and  the  oon- 
Ubour,  deprived  them  of  all  taste  tagion  soon  reach  the  provinces, 
for  labonr,  and  demoralized  them  M.  Faucher  felt  fully  justified  in 
to  such  a  d^ree  that  they  no  stating  that  one  half  of  Paris  was 
longer  blushed  to  beg  in  the  relieved  by  the  other  half.  It 
streets.  The  Monarchy  had  its  would  be  fiu*  preferable  to  destroy 
idlers ;  the  Republic  its  vagabonds,  those  natdonal  workshops  alto- 
He  thought,  however,  that  the  sether,  and  to  employ  the  funds  in 
enemiee  of  the  country  would  not  distributing  alms  to  the  indigent, 
succeed  in  converting  the  Parisian  In  order  to  diminish  the  dwiger 
labourers,  formerly  so  virtuous,  which  threatened  the  peace  of  the 
into  lazzoroni  and  janissaries,  or  metropolis,  the  Government  deter- 
pnetoiians  of  fiTMuto,  at  the  service  minea  to  reduce  the  number  of 
of  a  dictatorship.  U.  Hugo  then  ouvritn  who  were  receiving  relief 
drew  a  gloomy  picture  of  the  finan-  there,  and  on  the  32nd  of  June  an 
cjal  and  commercial  situation  of  order  was  issued  that  8000  of 
France,  and,  appealing  to  the  those  who  came  &om  the  provinces 
Socialista,  be  summoned  them  in  should  quit  Paris,  and  return  to 
the  name  of  humanity  to  cease  to  their  respective  homes.  They  were 
preach  their  anarchical  doctrines,  supplied  with  money,  and  tickets. 
At  the  moment  that  Paris  struggled  to  enable  tbem  to  procure  provi- 
in  a  paroiysm  which  was  re^uued  sions  and  lodgings  on  the  road, 
by  its  neighbonra  as  an  agony,  Lon-  They  left  the  capital  in  sullen  dis- 
don,  he  said,  rqoiced,  and  its  in-  content,  but  halted  after  they  had 
dustry  and  commerce  had  trebled,  passed  the  barriers,  and  a  body  of 
Those  who  excited  the  people  to  400  of  them  returned,  under  a 
revolt  were  most  culpable,  for  they  pretext  of  wishing  to  have  an  inter- 
created  distrust,  and  obliged  capitid  view  with  tbe  Executive  Com- 
lo  fly.  When  they  agitated  Paris,  mittee,  at  the  palace  of  Luxem- 
they  asserted  the  power,  grandeur,  bourg.  A  deputation  of  four  was 
wedth,  prosperity,  and  preponde-  admitted  to  the  presence  of  M. 
ronce  of  England.  The  misery  of  Marie,  to  whom  they  detailed  their 
the  rich  constituted  at  no  time  the  grievances.  Some  expressions  of 
weolthof  the  poor.  The  Socialists  his  were  misinterpreted,  and,  on 
should  consider  that  civil  war  was  the  return  of  the  delegates  to  dieir 
a  servile  war ;  and  he  entreated  oomrades,  they  marched  along  the 
them  to  suspend  their  declamations  streets,  shouting,  "  Down  with  the 


284]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [f^cs. 

Execndve  Gommissionl"  "Down  some  lives  ware  Imt,  that  the 
with  the  Aesembly!"  Their  nuin*  barricade  wbs  carried.  A  aimilor 
bers  rapidilj  increased,  and  dif-  contest  took  phue  at  the  Porte  3t. 
(erestdmsionB  of  workmen  poured  Martin,  with  a  like  resnlt,  and 
through  the  etreeCs  convernng  on  man;  barricades  were  taken  in  the 
the  H6tel  de  ViUe,  where  the;  as-  ,  course  of  the  daj.  The  plan  of 
I  jembled  in  a  tumaltnons  crowd,  the  inanrgents  seemed  to  be  to  de- 
iTq  act  of  rioleooe  however  yet  fend  desperately  theBe  barricades 
took  place,  and  they  separated  in  as  long  as  they  were  tenable,  and 
the  direction  of  the  different  Fan-  then  suddenly  abandoning  them 
bonrgs,  where  the  plan  of  insurrec-  to  fall  back  upon  other  posiiiona, 
tion  was  already  fully  oi^nized.  fortified  in  the  same' rapid  and  ez- 
In  the  meantime  the  OoTem-  tempore  manner.  But  as  soon  as 
ment  was  not  idle,  and  large  the  poet  waa  taken  by  the  troope, 
bodies  of  troops  were  concentrated  and  they  attempted  to  foUow  the 
upon  the  different  points  «^ere  rebels  ttirough  the  streets,  they 
it  was  thought  probable  that  were  receiveaby  a  galling  fire  from 
attacks  might  be  made.  Some  the  houses,  which  were  prepared  in 
oompaniee  of  the  line  and  National  a  manner  that  praved  how  skilfully 
Guards  bivouacked  in  the  Place  and  deliberately  the  revolt  had 
de  Qreve,  and  the  Hall  of  the  As-  been  concerted.  They  were  pierced 
sembly  waa  filled  with  troops.  Al-  widi  loop-holes,  and  passages  were 
though  noisy  and  disorderly  crowds  cut  through  the  psity  walls,  so 
of  workmen  congregated  in  differ-  that  as  &st  as  one  was  taken  the 
ent  parts  until  tat«  in  the  evening,  inmates  retired  to  the  next  house, 
no  collision  happened,  and  the  and  there  continued  their  unfalter- 
night  was  passed  in  unea^  ex-  ing  resistance.  In  fiut,  in  some 
pectation  of  the  struwle  which  quarters  the  houses  might  be  oom- 
iuemed  inevitable  on  the  morrow,  pored  to  a  rabbit  warren,  full  of 
In  the  morning,  the  sound  of  the  holes  and  galleries,  through  which 
rapptl  was  everywhere  heard,  but  the  Natdonal  Guards  had  to  pursue 
this  was  soon  changed  for  the  more  an  invisible  but  deadly  foe.  Mat- 
ominous  beat  of  the  giniraU,  and  tresses  were  placed  against  the 
the  National  Guard  appeared  in  windows,  behind  which  mailmen 
great  force  in  the  streets.  About  were  posted,  who  could  thus  take 
9  o'clock  the  insurgents  began  to  secure  aim  ;  and  women  were  ac- 
eiect  barricades  at  the  Porte  St.  tively  employed  in  casting  bullets, 
DenisandthePorteSt.Martin.and  supplying  arms,  and  tending  to 
in  those  Fanbourgs,  as  well  in  the  the  wounded.  The  Oarde  Mobile 
notorious  Faubourg  St  Antoine,  so  behaved  admirably.  Doubts  of  its 
famous  in  the  history  of  Parisian  fidelity  were  entertained,  as  its 
distorlwiioss.  The  conflict  first  ranks  were  composed  of  the  same 
commencedat  the  Porte  St.  Denis,  class  as  the  men  against  whom  it 
Here  a  small  party  of  National  was  employed ;  but  it  displayed  the 
Guards  was  stopped  by  the  bar^  most  brilliant  courage,  and  fought 
ricade,  and  immediately  attacked  with  determined  seel  by  the  side 
it;  bat  the  resistance  was  obstinate,  of  the  troops  of  the  line  and  the 
aud  it  waa  only  after  a  severe  National  Gnards.  In  the  oourse 
struggle,  in  which  the  aesailanta  of theaftemoon  General  Cavaignac, 
were  obliged  twice  to  retreat,  and  the  Minister  of  War^  was  invested 


Fraw..]                       HISTORY.  [28& 

wiUi  Uie  comauud  of  the  whole  of  tboee  of  the  South  ia  the  Psn- 

the  armed  force  at  the  dispoeaJ  of  theon  and  Church  of  St.  8€v6na  ; 

the  Qorenunent  in  Paris,  and  the  the  oommsnd  in  chief  wse  in  the 

roAi  of  oannoD  was  heard  in  the  centnl  point  of  the  Cite,  whet« 

streets  before  night&U,  as  it  vsa  the   Hotpital  of  the  H6tel  Dieir 

found  impossible  to  penetrate  some  vss  seized,  and  converted  into  the 

of  the  bamcadea  wiuiout  artillBi^,  bureau  of  the  leaders  of  the  insnr- 

Over  all  these  formidable  atmo-  rection. 

tores,  behind  which  the  insurgents  In  the  coune  of  the  mominff 

had   intrenched    themselves,   the  the  Executtve  Committee  resigned 

red  flag  waved,  and  he^  of  dead  their  fonelions,  and  the  National 

bodies  Uiy  by  their  side  atteellng  Assembly  voted  a  decree,  wherel^ 

the  fierce  natore  of  the  strife  which  Paris  was  declared  to  be  in  a  state 

was  raging.  of  siege,   and  all   the   Execotive 

But  the  following  morning  dis-  powers  were  delegated  to  General' 

cloeed  more  full;  Uie  extent  and  Cavttignac.      Thus  was  the  nsnal 

formidable  character  of  this  bold  destiny  of  popular  revolutions  ac- 

attempt  at  revolution.      Many  of  complished,  and  France  saw  itself 

the    barricadee   which   had    been  once  more   under  the  sway  of  a 

levelled  on  the  preceding  day  were  military  dictaUr.  In  the  meantime 

erected  again  duiing   the  night,  immense  numbers   of  Provincial 

and  taking  the  island  in  the  Seine  National  Guards  had  poured  inti> 

aa  a  centre  point,  and  bottom  of  Paris  from  Rouen,  Amiens.  Boaa- 

the  basin  in  which   Paris  lies,  a  vsis,    Ctennont,    Poissy,    Cbaton, 

formidable  line  of  rude  but  strong  Carriere,  Mendon,  Senhe,  Meaox, 

fortifications  had  been  thrown  up  Metun,  and  otbw  places ;  but  the 

oa  both  sides,  right  and  left,  so  as  rebels  had  made  themselves  mas- 

to  embrace  a  very  laroe  portion  of  ten  of  fonr  pieces  of  artillery  on. 

the  capital.     The  following  will  their  way   from  Vincennes,    and 

give  some  idea  of  the  extent  of  General  Oavaignac  issued  the  Ibl- 

the  operations :— The   Porte  St.  lowing  notice : — 

Denis  and  Porte  St.  Martin  had  "  If  at  noon  the  barricades  are 

been   taken  and  refortdfied ;    the  not  removed,  mortars  and  howit- 

wbole  of  the  district  between  them  zers   will   be  broaghl,   by  whicb 

and  the  Temple ;  theTempleitaelf;  shells  will  be  thrown,  which  will 

the  district  Popincourt ;  and  the  explode  behind  the  barricades  and 

whole  of  the  Faubourg  St-Antoine  in  the  apartments  of  the  houses' 

towards    the    river,    mahing   one  oocupied  by  the  inBhrgents." 

rt  segment  of  a  circle.      Also  This  threat,  however,  had  no  ef- 

whole  of  the  district  lying  be*  feet,  and  is  the  afternoon  the  roar 

tveen  the  two  streets  of  St.  Denis  of  cannon  uinonnoed  that  the  com-: 

and  St.  Hartin  to  the  bridges  ;  the  bat  was  maintuned  with  undiroi^ 

bridges  themselves ;  the  Cite ;  the  nished  vigour.   Many  of  the  Mem- 

Bae  de  la  Harpe,  Rne  St.  Jacques,  bers   of   the  National  Assembly' 

and  all  tlie  Quartier  St.  Jacques ;  distinguished  themselves  by  the 

■nd  the  Fauboorg  St.  Marceau,  courage     with     which    they     ap- 

The  insurgests  hM  regular  com-  prtudied  the  barricades,  and,  aftec 

mandante  and  organized  districts  in  vain  endeavooring  to  induce  tho 

of  oommand,     The  head-quarters  misguided    multitude    to    yield,- 

of  the  Nwth  were  in  the  Temple,  fought  gallantly  vrith  the  treops.- 


286J            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Franci. 

During  the  da;  M.  Bizio,  a  repre-  devoted  city,  where  all  ihe  horron 

sentatiTe,  vraa  killed,  and  GeDentl  and  many  of  the  ferocities  of  war 

B^deaux,    M.    Clement   Thomas,  were  seen  in  this  unnatural  stnig- 

ond    M.    Dornds    were    aererely  gle.    But  the  militar?  forces  made 

wounded.     In   the    evening  the  great  progress  during  the  day,  and 

President  gave,  in  the  Natdooal  droTO  their  opponents  from  most 

Assembly,  an  account  of  die  pro-  of  their  fastnesaes.     The  attack 

ceedings  of  the  day.    He  saia : —  commencedatanearlyhouragainst 

"Ton  are  aware   that  the  com-  the    Fanhonrgs    du  Temple,   St 

mands  were  divided  into   three  :  Antoine,  St.  Denis,  and  the  streets 

the  plan  adopted  has  been  to  send  du  Tempo  and  SL  Martin.     The 

large   forces   on   certain   points,  Rue  du  Temple  was  first  cleared, 

leaving  others  nnattaoked  tor  the  but  the  insurgents  who  were  driven 

mommt      In    the   Faubourg  St  from  it  intrenched  themselves  in 

Jaoqnee,  where  the  insurgents  had  the  Faubourg  of  the  same  name, 

ooncentcBled  a  great  part  of  their  tawarda  the  Rue  Saint-Maur,  and 

forces,  the  barricades  were  forced;  joined  their  comrades  in  1a  Vil- 

and  that  district  is  now  completely  lette  and  La  Charlie.     The  left 

or  nearly  disengaged.     The  Fau-  bank   of   the    Seine  came  com- 

bour^  Sl  Moroeau  resisted  a  longer  pletely  into  the  possession  of  the 

time ;  but  Oeueral  B^deau  at  last  National  Guard  and  of  the  troops 

obtained  a  like  auocess,  and  carried  of  the  line.     Some  attempts  were 

the  barricades  of  the  Hue  Monf-  made  during  the  day  to  erect  bar- 

fetard  as  far  as  the  Jardin   dee  ricadee    on  the  left  bank  of  the 

Flantes.    At  the  H6tel  de  Tille  Seine,    bat   they  were  instantly 

General  Duvivier  has  not  as  yet  destroyed  by  the  troops,  who  re- 

obtuned  all  the  suocess  which  he  mained  masters  of  every  point.  On 

ooald  have  hoped  fbr,  owing  to  the  the  right  bank  the  contest  was 

difficulties  of  the  qoarter :  De  has,  prolonged,  but  several  of  the  bai<- 

however,  driven  the  insurgents  far  ricades  in   tlte   Rue  St  Antoine 

from  the  H6tel  de  Ville,  which  is  were  carried,  and  the  insurgents 

now  disengaged.   General  Lamori-  constantly  lost  ground.     They  in- 

diie  has  met  the  greatest  diffi-  trenched  themselves,  however,  on 

culties  ;    but  the   Fanboni^   St  other  points,  and  forced  their  way 

Denis,   St,  Martin,  and  Poiason>  into  several  houses,  &om  whence 

nidre,  are  cleared  to  the  barriers,  they  fired  on  the  troops.     This  oc- 

and  the  dronlaUon  has  been  re-  onrred  in  the  Place  du  Chatelet 

established.     A  point  remains  on  the  Quay  of  the  Megiaserie,  and  in 

which  nothing  has  been  done — the  several  acljoi°™S  streets.     Some 

Clos   Bt  Lazaro,  where  the  in-  battalions  of  the  National  Guards 

BUi^ents  have  intrenched    them-  of   the  departments,  which  were 

aeWee     in    the     Hospital     Louis  marching    on    tJie    Quay    de    la 

Philippe.      Genera]    Lamorici^  Megisserie,  received  several  dia- 

deolt^es  that  to-morrow  he  will  charges,  which  caused  them  a  ee- 

ftrce  it"  vere  loss.    A  similar  occurrence 

The    morrow— Sunday — came,  t«ok  place  at  the  Place  du  Oha- 

W  brought  no  cassation  of  the  telet,  and   in   the   small  streets 

Gonfiict    It  would  be  tedious  to  in  the  neighboni^ood,  where  the 

give  minute  details  of   the  ean-  insni^enls   endeavoured  to  form 

guinaiy  strife  which  raged  In  the  bairiMdeB  without  sneoess.    En- 


Fnmce.-]  HISTORY.  [287 

gineen  and  firemen  were  em-  <mrd,  and,  lifting  him  from  the 
^ojed  b)  dislodge  those  intrenched  ground,  carried  him  to  a  house 
m  the  honaea,  which  were  pierced  within  their  barricade,  where,  after 
in  the  rear  or  in  the  roof,  a  pa»-  receivinff  extreme  uuotion,  he  soon 
sage  having  been  first  effected  breathed  his  laat.  When  told  that 
tfarongh  the  adjoining  honaea.  In  he  waa  in  great  danger,  he  said, — 
the  evening  the  President  aaid  "  Well,  then,  let  Ood  be  praised, 
that  the  troops  (^  the  Be-  and  may  He  accept  the  sacrifice 
public  were  in  posaeBSion  of  the  which  I  again  offer  tiim  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  atrongholds  of  aalvation  of  this  mis^ded  people, 
the  insui:gent8;  the  Ninth  Marie  Maj  m.v  death  expiate  the  sins 
lud  been  taken,  and  the  other  which  I  have  committed  daring 
points  towarda  the  Fanbourg  St.  my  episcopacy."  General  Negrier, 
Antoine,  but  at  an  immense  loss  of  also  an  officer  of  distinguished 
blood.  Never  had  anything  like  merit  in  the  Algerine  campaign, 
it  been  seen  in  Paris.  The  Cloa  was  killed  during  the  day,  and 
8l  Lazare  waa  in  posaassion  of  the  likewiae  General  Brea  and  Da- 
troops,  and  only  a  few  dropping  mesure. 

shots  were  now  heard.  All  would  On  Monday  morning,  the  S6tb, 
that  night  he  hoped  be  finished,  the  operations  of  the  rebels  were 
The  troops  had  behaved  most  ad-  confined  chie&y  to  the  FBuhoui;g 
Durably.  The  Eighth  Marie,  the  St  Antoine,  and  the  east  side  <u 
last  atronghohl  of  the  insurgenta,  the  Canal  Martin  and  the  Clos  Sl 
was  then  being  attacked.  Lazare.  This  latter  quarter  seems 
The  day  had  been  signalized  by  to  have  been  the  moat  strongly 
the  death  of  the  Ardibisbop  of  barricaded,  and  to  have  been  de- 
Paiia.  This  excellent  Prelate  was  fended  wi^  the  most  obaduate  de- 
determined  to  try  whether  the  in-  termination.  The  following  is  the 
Borgents  would  listen  to  his  voice,  account  of  an  eye-witness : — 
and  allow  him  to  act  as  mediator  "  The  barrit^des  in  advance  of 
between  the  eombatanta.  He  pro-  the  barriers  were  as  formidable  as 
oeeded  therefore,  clad  in  his  sacred  tegular  engineers  could  have  con- 
vestments,  and  attended  by  his  two  structed,  and  were  built  of  paving- 
grand  Vicars,  towards  the  Faubourg  stones  of  a  hundred-weight  each, 
St.  Antoine,  but  stopped  at  the  and  blocks  of  building-stone  cat 
foot  of  the  column  of^  the  Bastile,  for  building  a  hospital,  and  weigh- 
where  a  strong  barricade  bad  been  ing  tons.  The  houses  covering 
erected,  and  firing  was  actively  them  were  occupied.  The  toll- 
goirkg  on.  This  cMS^d  as  soon  aa  houses  at  the  barriers  were  occu- 
the  Archbishop  was  rect^nised,  pied,  and  the  windows  removed, 
and  he  bnvely  mounted  the  bar-  The  houses  on  the  opposite  side 
ricade  and  addressed  the  insurgents  of  the  Boulevard  were,  more- 
en the  other  side.  His  words  over,  in  the  poeseeeion  of  the 
seemed  to  produce  some  effect,  rebels,  and  manned  with  marka- 
when  Buddenly  a  dmm-roU  was  men.  What  formed,  however,  the 
heard,  and  a  shot  was  fired.  The  strength  of  their  position  was  the 
contest  was  immediately  renewed,  perforation  of  the  wall  of  the  city, 
and  the  venerable  Archbishop  was  which  is  twelve  or  fourteen  feet 
struck  by  a  ball  in  the  loins,  and  high,  at  intervals  of  eight  or  ten 
fell.    The  insurgents  rushed  for-  yards,  for  a  mite  in  length,  with 


288]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1848.  [Fn/m^. 

several  hondred  loop-boles  of  slwnt  negotiation  nas  opeoed,  and  the 

six     inches     diameter.       During  Faubourg  finally  capitulMed,  and 

all    Saturday  and  Sunday  a  oon-  was,  trithoat  any  further  resistance, 

stant  and  deadly  fire  was  kept  op  taken  possession  of  by  the  troops, 

from  these  loop-holes,  on  troops  About  the  hour  of  noon  the  fot- 

«ho   could    haixlly  see   their  op-  lowing  letter  from  Oen.  CaTS^ao 

panenta.    The  defenders  ran  from  announced   to    the  Natioiml  As- 

loop-hole  to  loop-hole  with  the  egi-  aembly  the  final  suppreeaion  of  the 

lity  of  monkeys.    They  only  left  the  insurrectba  : — 
cover  of  the  high  wall  to  seek  am-  ../>-■       o      j 

munition,  of  wuoh  they  had  only  a  "  '-•'•*''•  Pretident, — 

scanty  and  precarious  supply."  "  Thanks  to  the  attitude  of  the 

Qeneral   Lamorici^re,   who   di-  National  Assembly,  and  the  devo- 

rected  in  person  the  operations  of  tion  and  coarage  of  the  National 

the  troops,   ordered   cannon  and  Onard  and  army,  the  revolt  has 

mottars  to  be  brought  ud,   and  been  suppressed.      The  strt^le 

after  the  heavy  artillery  had  made  haa  completely   ceased  in   Paris. 

B.  clear  breach  through  the  for-  The  moment  I  am  assured  that 

midable  barrier,  and  reduced  many  the  powers  confided  to  me  by  the 

ci  the  a^acent  houses  to  a  heap  National  Assembly  are  no  longer 

of  ruins,   the   soldiers  rushed   in  necessary  for  the  salvation  of  the 

and   put  to  tlie  sword  all  whom  Republic,  I  will  respectfully  resign 

they  found   with    arms    in  their  them  into  its  hands." 
hands  on   the  other  side.      The         General  Cavaignac  fulfilled  his 

next    point   of    attack    was    the  promise,  and,  when  tranquillity  was 

Faubourg  St.  Antoine,  which  was  restored  in  the  capital,  be  resigned 

surrounded  by  troops  on  all  sides  his  dictatorahip.     But  his  services 

within  the  city,  and  it  was  thought  were  too  important,  and  the  neoes- 

that  this  focus  and  stronghold  of  slty  of  his  influence  too  urgent,  to 

revolutionary  fury  would  only  yield  permit  his  retirement  from  power, 

after  a  severe  bombardment.    The  and  he  was  almost  unanimously 

artillery  was  placed   in  position,  invested  by  the  National  Assembly 

and     General     Lamoriciere     was  with  the  cSce  of  President  of  the 

about    to    begin   the  cannonade.  Council.    Accordingly,  on  the  38th 

when  Oenersl  Cavaignac  ordered  of  June,  he  announced  that,  as  su. 

that  a  summons  should  be  sent  premeheodoftheExecutivePower, 

to  the  infatuated  inhabitants    to  be  had  formed  the  following  Ga- 

Burrender  before  opening  the  fire,  biuet: — 

A  certain  time  was   given,   and  M.  Senard,  Uiniater  of  the  Inte- 
when  this  had  passed  the  attack         rior. 

began.      Soon,  however,  an  indi-  U.  Bastide,  Minister  for  Foreign 
vidnal    appeared    with   a  flag  of         A&irs. 

truce,  and  stated  to  General  La-  M.  Goudohsux,  of  Finance, 

moriciere,  on  behalf   of   the   in-  M.  Bethmont,  of  Justice. 

Burgents,  that  they  were  willing  to  Qeneral  Lamoriciere,  of  War, 

surrender  on  the  terms  proposed  U.  Camot,  of  Public  InBtruction. 

by    General    Oavaignao.       Some  M.  Touret,    of    Agriculture    and 
del^    and    misunderatanding    at         Commerce, 

first  took  pkce,  and  the  oombat  Id.  fiecurt,  of  Public  Wortra. 

was  partialljirenewed^buLa  second  Admihd  Lebknc,  of  Maiinel 


,  ..ooglc 


FfMct.-}                      HISTORY.  [289 

When  M.   Camot's   name  \*aB  dissensions  on  exterior   policy  in 

pronounced,  an  explosion  of  disap-  the   Government  itself.     But  in 

probation  aroee  in  Uie  hall,  followed  particular  a  most  poisoDous  inSu- 

with  exclamations   of   "  Shame  I  ence  was  exercised  by  the  addresses 

shame!"  and  principles   eptdcen  and   pn>> 

Shortly  afterwards,  at  a  subse-  mulgated  in  the  Luxemboui^  bj 
qaeat  sitting.  General  Cavaignac  M.  Louis  Blanc  among  the  work- 
informed  the  Assembly  that,  Ad-  men  there  assembled, 
miral  Leblanc  having  refused  to  "  There  is  abundant  proof  that 
accept  the  Ministt;  of  Marine,  U,  M.  Louis  Blanc  and  M.  Caussi- 
Bastjde  had  been  transferred  to  difire  were  no  strangers  to  the 
that  department,  and  General  Be-  organization  of  the  movement 
deau  appointed  Minister  for  Fo-  of  May,  with  Barbte,  Blanqui, 
reign  A&irs.  and  Ledru-RoUin.    The  cause  of 

Early  in  August  the  report  of  anarchy  was  never  discouraged, 
the  Committee  E^pointed  to  in-  though  on  that  occasion,  furtu* 
quire  into  the  insurrections  that  natelj,  conquered.  It  resisted  the 
took  place  in  the  months  of  May  first  checks  given  it,  and  resumed 
and  Jtme  was  read  in  the  National  a  greater  strength.  Indeed,  new 
Assembly.  It  was  a  lengthy  docu-  assistance  came  to  its  aid :  anar- 
ment,  and  the  following  is  the  sub-  chical  speeches  were  sent  in  par- 
stance  of  many  of  the  most  im-  eels,  free  of  charge,  to  the  depart- 
portant  passages : —  ments  ;  the  fury  of  the  Clubs  was 

"  The  principal  object  of  the  fomented,  their  organization  as- 
manifestation  of  May  was  to  dis-  sisted,  and  power  increased ;  noc- 
eolve  the  Assembly  and  establish  tunial  meetings  in  the  closet  of 
a  Committee  of  Public  Safel? :  the  Ministry  of  the  Interior  w«re 
that  crisis  had  more  of  a  political  held,  at  which  projects  were  formed 
than  of  a  social  character.  The  for  centralizing  the  Clubs  and  do- 
insurrection  of  June  had  nomi-  minating  the  elections;  and  after- 
nally  the  object  of  establishing  a  wards  for  annulling  those  elections 
Democratic  and  Social  Bepublic;  which  were  hostile  to  the  Govem- 
bat  in  reality  its  olgect  was  pillage  ment.  The  Club  of  Clubs,  under 
and  mnrder.  The  causes  of  both  M.  Sobrier,  accumulated  30,000 
movements  were,  however,  analo-  cartridges  and  hundreds  of  mus- 
gons.  Documents  issued  in  the  kets;  (he  Club  of  the  Rights  of 
provinces  by  Government  agents ;  Man,  composed  of  14,000  men  in 
machinations  of  influential  mem-  Paris  and  30,000  in  the  provinces, 
hers  of  clubs  sent  to  the  provinces  established  manufactories  of  arms, 
with  mone^  taken  from  uie  funds  and  prepared  for  war. 
of  theMiniBtryoftheIuterior;and  "The  attempt  of  Maywasoon- 
hulletins  —  prepared,  singnlar  to  summated,  ana  on  whom  ought  to 
aay,  by  a  woman  of  eminent  lite-  fall  ita  responsibility  ?  The  Exe- 
laiy  talent  (George  Sand),  and  cutive  power  answers,  that  orders 
methodically  reduced  by  her  to  were  ^ven  and  disobeyed;  and 
official  shape—of  most  alarming  that  no  Oovemment,  perhaps,  can 
tendency,  addressed  to  the  electors  be  exempt  from  mistAea  or  from 
at  the  eve  of  the  elections  for  the  treason.  The  Commander-in-Chief 
Assembly,  hod  each  its  fatal  effect  of  the  National  Guard  says,  that 
In  addition,  there  existed  profound  orders  were  given  to  the  Fourth 

VoL-XC.  \V^ 


290] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Fra 


Legion  to  assemble  on  the  bridge, 
but  that  the  President  of  the  As- 
sembly gave  orders  that  they 
should  only  occupy  the  footpave- 
ments,  and  that,  if  the  Garde 
Uobile  offered  no  resistance,  it 
was  because  General  Tempoure, 
who  commanded  them,  left  his 
post  that  he  might  be  a  spectator 
of  what  was  going  on  in  the  As- 
sembly. On  his  side  the  General 
of  Division  replies  that  be  removed 
the  troops  by  the  order  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief.  Neither  in  the 
report  nor  in  the  papers  of  the 
Executive  power  is  anything  found 
which  proves  that  genend  oom- 
msud  was  formally  intrusted  to 
any  person. 

"  Between  May  and  June  a 
more  favourable  state  of  things 
had  arisen.  Troops  were  ool- 
lected,  laws  to  sustain  order  were 
passed,  and  the  men  in  power 
were  more  vigilant:  how,  then, 
did  hew  disasters  ensue?  The 
same  spirit  of  infiurrection  still 
survived ;  the  same  organization 
in  its  support  still  existed ;  the 
same  head  remained  in  a  station 
of  power.  It  was  the  excitation 
of  the  Clubs,  in  the  opinion  of  U. 
Arogo,  that  caused  the  civil  war  of 
June.  The  same  progress  of  pre- 
paration, but  on  a  fiu-  more  exten> 
sive  scale,  went  on  for  the  strug- 
gle; Bud  yet  the  police  remained 
apparently  ignorant  of  all.  The 
insurrection  had  its  manufactories 
of  powder  and  arms,  its  military 
organization,  and  its  chie&:  and 
yet  the  police  were  passive.  The 
insurrection  broke  out,  and  was  a 
savage  war  carried  on  with  poi- 
soned balls.  Many  witnesses  heard 
the  inaureents  discuss  the  absence 
of  Caussidi^re,  and  complain  that 
they  knew  not  what  to  do  without 
his  orders ;  others  saw  him  behind 
the  barricades;   and  more  heard 


him  defend  the  tnsorrection.  M. 
Proudhoun  was  also  seen  among 
the  barricades  by  more  than  one 
of  the  Members  of  the  Assembly ; 
and  his  only  explanation  is,  that 
be  remained  two  boure  in  admira- 
tion of  the  sublime  horror  of  the 
cannonade." 

On  the  S6th  of  August  MM. 
Ledm  BoUin,  Louis  Blano,  and 
Caosaidi^re,  each  made  a  long  de- 
fence, in  the  National  Assembly, 
of  his  conduct  in  connection  with 
the  two  inBurrections ;  but  the  re- 
sult was  that  the  Procureur- Gene- 
ral presented  a  formal  demand  for 
authority  to  prosecute  the  two  lat- 
ter persons  as  having  been  partici- 
pators in  the  treasonable  eveute  of 
May  the  15th  and  June  the  2Srd. 
The  required  permission  was  given, 
but  Louis  Blanc  and  Canssidiere 
thought  it  prudent  in  the  mean 
time  to  fly  from  France,  and  they 
both  escaped  and  found  refuge  in 
England.  The  trial  of  the  other 
parties  implicated  in  the  late  dis- 
turbances nad  not  taken  place  at 
the  close  of  the  present  year,  but 
the  Government  persisted  in  its 
determination  to  bring  them  even- 
tually to  justice. 

On  the  3rd  of  July  an  import- 
ant statement  was  made  in  tb^ 
Assembly  respecting  those  fertile 
sources  of  disquietude  and  per 
plexity — The  national  woritsbops. 
General  Gavaignoc  ascended  the 
tribune,  and  said  that  those  esta- 
blishments preeented  a  formidable 
oi^nization.  The  idea  of  their 
institution  was  good  and  equitable; 
but,  in  the  course  of  time,  they 
had  become  menacing  to  libenj 
and  the  Hepublic.  That  fact  was 
obvious  before  his  accession  to 
power,  and  measures  were  con- 
templated for  suppressing  them. 
Their  organization  was  completely 
distinct,  lud  escaped  the  surveil- 


Prmee.-}  HISTORY.  [2fil 

lance  of  tlis  Administndon,  and  the  Assembly.  The  leading  fea- 
tfae  eSoTts  made  to  efiect  their  die-  tores  were  these, 
wlaiioa  had  proved  unavailable.  There  was  to  be  one  President, 
He  (General  Oavaignac)  had  paid  to  be  aelected  bj  universal  suf- 
tke  most  serious  attention  to  the  frage  for  a  period  of  four  years, 
matter,  and  aonu  to  Ae  rmolution  Any  penon  being  a  French  dti' 
of  M^prsinng  them  oHogethtr.  zen,  thirty  years  of  age,  snd  of 
Since  the  late  insurreotion  be  had  good  character,  to  be  eligible  to 
interrogated  several  persons  re-  the  office.  A  Vice-President,  to 
spoeling  the  Dnmber  of  individuals  be  elected  by  the  National  As- 
mu  had  partidpated  in  it,  and  the  sembly.  The  Assembly  to  con- 
highest  number  he  had  heard  men-  sist  of  750  Members,  there  being 
tioned  by  the  moet  competent  to  no  other  chamber.  The  Hinistera 
know  the  truth  did  not  exceed  to  be  nominated  by  the  President, 
SO.OOO.  Now,  the  effective  num-  and  diamiased  according  to  his  will 
ber  of  operatives  inscribed  on  the  and  pleasure.  A  Council  of  State 
registers  of  the  national  workshops  to  be  appointed  out  of  the  Mem- 
amounted  to  between  105,000  and  here  of  the  Assembly,  to  consist  of 
106,000,  so  that  the  combatants  forty  persons  at  least,  and  chosen 
belonging  to  them  were  in  a  mi-  by  the  Assembly  itself;  that  body 
nority.  This  &ct  was  proved  by  to  consider  and  draw  up  the  laws 
the  arrests  subeequently  made,  which  the  Government  might 
On  being  invested  with  full  power  deem  it  advisable  to  bring  in. 
by  the  Natiimal  Assembly,  he  had  The  punishment  of  death  inter- 
not  thought  proper  to  suspend  the  dieted  for  political  offences.  Slavery 
payment  of  the  sums  awarded  ta  abolished  in  all  the  French  colo 
thewoil«hope,  as  many  advised,  for  nies.  The  press  to  be  free;  and 
fear  of  increasing  thereby  the  every  man  to  print,  and  cause  to  be 
number  of  oombatonts,  but  after  printed,  whatever  he  pleased,  sub 
the  collision  he  had  not  hesitated  ject  to  such  guarantees  to  the 
to  suppress  them,  at  the  same  time  State  as  might  be  deemed  neces- 
that  be  had  ordered  that  rehef  sary.  All  religions  to  be  allowed 
should  be  granted  to  the  opent-  in  France;  and  the  various  re- 
tires who  stood  in  need  of  it.  ligious  ministeis  to  be  paid  by  the 
The  Geneml,  in  conclusion,  stated  Stale.  Public  instruction  to  be 
that  the  Minister  of  Finance  would  free,  but  subject  to  ^e  superin- 
lay  before  the  Assembly  a  series  tendence  of  the  State.  Snbsti- 
of  decrees,  some  of  whidi  were  in-  tutes  to  be  interdicted  in  the  army 
tended  to  restore  oon£denoe  by  snd  navy.  The  national  debt  de- 
ehowing  the  sincerity  of  the  Go-  olared  sacred.  Property  inviolable, 
vemment  to  fiilfil  all  its  engage-  Gratuitoue  education  to  be  given 
ments,  and  others  to  afford  labour  to  the  working  classes,  so  aMo  pre- 
to  the  operative  classes.  pars  them  for  their  different  call- 
We  now  revert  to  suljects  of  a  ii^.  Algeria  declared  an  inte- 
lees  eiciling  but  almost  equally  gral  part  of  the  French  soil,  but 
important  nature.  In  the  monUi  to  be  administered  by  laws  pecu- 
of  June  the  Committee  employed  Uar  tp  itself.  The  same  to  be 
in  drawing  np  a  form  of  Gonstitn-  the  ease  with  the  other  French 
tion  had  presented  their  project  to  colonies.     Trials    to    be    public ; 

[u  a] 


2&2]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [Fram^. 

and  the  jndgoB.  once  appointed,  to  reside  ftt  the  Beat  of  the  National' 
be  permanent.  Aasembl;,  and  (o  receive  a  salary 
Snbsequentlj',  however,  thia  pro-  of  600,000/.  per  annum.  The 
jet  underwent  considerable  revi-  Vice-PrtHident  to  be  appointed 
aion,  and  on  the  39th  of  August  for  four  years  b;  the  National 
the  amended  plan  was  read  from  Aasemblj,  on  the  presentation  of 
the  tribune  hj  M.  Woiriiaje  to  the  the  President,  during  the  month 
National  Assembj.  It  was  in  aub-  that  followa  his  election.  In  the 
stance  as  follows :  France,  bj  absence  of  President,  he  was  to 
adopting  the  Republican  form  of  replace  bim  and  exercise  his  func- 
QoTemment,  was  declared  to  have  tiona  ;  but,  in  case  of  his  decease 
assamed,  in  the  face  of  the  world,  or  resignation,  a  new  President 
the  initJatiTe  of  progress  and  civi-  must  be  elected  within  a  month, 
lization.  The  right  to  labour  was  The  chapters  relative  to  the  Minis- 
Buppreesed,  and  replaced  bj  an  terial  department,  the  Council  of 
article  providing  that  the  State  Stale,  the  intemd  adminiatration, 
should  procure  labour  to  unem-  the  judiciary  power,  had  undei^ 
ployed  workmen,  within  the  limits  gone  no  material  atteistion.  Jus- 
of  its  reeourcee.  Capital  punish-  tice  was  to  be  rendered  gratuit- 
menta  were  abolished  for  political  ouslj,  in  the  name  of  the  French 
offences.  Slavery  was  not  to  exist  people,  and  all  political  offences  to 
in  any  part  of  the  French  do-  be  tried  by  a  Jury,  who,  in  fu- 
minioQB.  The  right  of  aasociadon  ture,  were  to  fix  the  amount  of  the 
and  meeting  was  guaranteed.  The  fine  or  damages  incurred  by  the 
censorship  M  the  press  would  not  be  offender.  The  Judges  of  the  Court 
re-established.  The  election  of  re-  of  Cassation,  appointed  by  the 
presentativee  to  have  for  its  basia  National  Assembly,  of  the  Supreme 
the  population.  Universal  suffr^e  Tribunal  of  Administration,  and 
and  secret  ballot  were  maintained,  of  the  Court  of  Accounts,  were  to 
The  representatives  were  to  be  al-  fill  their  functions  for  life.  Jus- 
waya  re-eligible.  The  President  tioes  of  the  peace  who,  in  the  first 
to  be  a  French  citizen,  30  years  of  prqeci,  were  to  be  elected  by  the 
age,  and  he  must  not  have  lost,  on  citizens,  in  their  respective  dis- 
any  occasion,  his  quality  of  French  tricts.  were  now  to  be  appointed 
citizen.  He  was  to  be  elected  for  by  the  President.  Military  sub- 
four  years,  by  universal  and  direct  etitutea  were  prohibited.  The  pub- 
Buffrage,  and  by  the  absolute  ma-  lie  force  being  essentially  obedient, 
jority  of  the  voters.  The  ballots  it  was  declared  that  no  armed  corps 
to  be  immediately  forwarded  to  tbe  could  deliberate.  The  territory 
National  Assembly,  which  waa  to  of  Algeria  and  the  colonies  waa 
decide  on  the  validity  of  the  elec-  declared  a  French  territory,  to  be 
tion  aAd  proclaim  the  President  ruled  by  special  laws.  The  Le- 
Should  none  of  the  candidates  gion  of  Honour  was  maintained, 
have  obtained  the  absolute  ma-  but  its  statutes  to  be  revised  and 
jority,  the  Assembly  to  choose  the  placed  in  harmony  with  the  demo* 
President  among  the  five  candi-  cratic  and  republican  principle, 
dates  highest  on  the  list.  The  The  present  National  Assembly 
President  was  re-eligible  after  an  was  to  frame  the  organic  laws,  and 
interval  of  four  years.     He  was  to  the  President   of   the    Republic 


FrMue.] 


HISTORY. 


[293 


to  be  elected  immediately  after 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution. 

Want  of  space  precludes  the  pos- 
sibility of  oar  giving  any  detailed 
account  of  the  long  and  tedious  dis- 
cnssious  which  took  place  in  the 
Assembly  upon  the  various  articles 
of  this  new  Constitution.  They 
commeTMed  on  the  3nd  of  July, 
and  were  exteoded  over  a  period  of 
four  months,  at  the  end  of  which 
the  Gonstilution  was  final  1;  adopted . 
Nor  would  it  be  very  profitable  to 
record  the  vapid  generalities  of 
speakera  debating  the  first  prin- 
ciples of  Govenunent  in  the  nine- 
teenth century,  and  attempting 
definitions  of  liberty,  equality,  and 
rigfats,  which  tend  only  to  mislead, 
whenever  an  attempt  is  made  to 
give  them  a  practical  application. 
We  will,  however,  quote  a  few  pas* 
sages  from  a  speech  delivered  by  U. 
Tiuera,  in  one  of  the  Bureaux,  at 
the  outset  of  the  diecuasion.  It  waa 
upon  the  text  of  the  !)nd  Article. 

"  Hie  Constitution  gnaranteea 
to  all  citizens — liberty,  equality* 
safety,  instruction,  labour,  proper^, 
relief,' 

M  Thiers  said,  "  In  principle 
I  am  mncb  attached  to  what  is 
simple  and  positive ;  I  have  there- 
fore little  taste  for  the  vague  and 
general  declarations,  always  some- 
what declamatory,  bj  which  the 
nuyority  of  French  constitutions 
were  preceded.  The  example  of 
our  ancient  rerolutionary  assem- 
bliee  aflects  me  but  slightly. 
Those  assembUes  have  been  con- 
spicuous for  patriotism  and  talent, 
hut  Ear  less  for  political  experience. 
I  consider  that  it  is  of  the  greatest 
utility,  in  the  midst  of  &e  sub- 
versive ideas  now  diffused  abroad, 
lo  proclaim  at  the  head  of  our  con- 
stitution the  twofold  principle  of 
property  and  family.     But  it  has 


been  thought  impossible  to  avoid 
adding  two  other  principles — the 
right  of  man  to  receive  assistance, 
and  his  right  to  labour.  I  am  of 
opinion  that  everything  must  be 
done  for  the  people  that  it  is  pos- 
sible to  do  without  omitting  or 
neglecting  any  available  means; 
but  I  am  ^so  of  opinion  that  it  is 
inexpedient  to  promise  more  than 
can  be  f)erformed.  To  promise 
what  is  impossible  is  to  deceive 
the  people,  and  to  expose  them  to 
deceptions  which  they  will  after- 
wards revenge  with  their  muskets. 
I  see  no  great  danger  in  proclaim- 
ing the  right  to  receive  assistance; 
for  vrith  well-extended  and  more 
vridely  developed  establishments 
of  beneficence — better  endowed 
iJian  thoee  existing — this  promise 
may  to  a  certain  extent  be  ful- 
filled. Besides,  a  society  hooonra 
itself  by  entering  into  an  absolute 
engagement  to  succour  old  a^, 
disease,  and  all  the  infirmities 
which  render  labour  impoesible  to 
man.  But  to  proclaim  the  right 
of  man  to  labour — is  not  this  en- 
tering into  an  absolute  engage- 
ment to  furnish  work  to  those  v^o 
are  unemployed,  at  all  times  and 
on  all  occasions  ?  If  this  engage- 
ment can  be  fulfilled,  I  do  not  op- 
pose it;  hut  who  here  will  venture 
to  affirm  the  possibility?  I  have 
reflected  much  on  what  is  now 
called  the  organizalioQ  of  labour, 
(a  newly  invented  word  for  a  thing 
by  no  means  novel,)  and  I  have 
deplored  the  imprudence  with 
which  questions  were  raised  utterly 
incapable  of  solution.  Can  work 
always  be  insured  to  the  operatives 
on  these  too  frequent  occasions? 
Is  not  the  promise  to  do  so  enter- 
ing into  an  engagement  before- 
htmd  to  renew  the  recent  and  dis- 
astrous experiment  of  the  national 


294]            ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1848.  [?'«««■ 

vorksbope?      The    dndniog    of  of  a,  dubious  suocese  venture  to 

marBhes  is  talked  of;  ne  bear  of  proclaim    the    right    to    labour  ? 

agricultural  colonies,  which  might  Must  not  a  form  of  expression  be 

in  moments  of  oriais  fiimiah  work  found  which,  whilst  implying  die 

to  unemployed  hands.     Bat  this  good-will  of  the  Government   to 

is  &  sod  resource  that  is  offered  to  procure  work  for  the  unemployed 

the  idle  operatives  ;  for  you  can  labourers,  would  not,  at  all  events, 

hardly  make  an  offer  to  au  opera-  impose  an  engagement  iucapabla 

tive  weaver  or  an  operative  me-  of  fulfilment?    No  doubt,  earih- 

ohanic  to  go  to  the  extremitv  of  a  work  ma;  be  offered  to  them,  aa 

strange  province    to   plough  the  recently;   but  either  they  work, 

BoU.    The  removal,  the  feebleness  and  it  is  then  a  hard  resource  for 

of  their  arms,  their  inexperience  those  who  have  never  handled  the 

in  tilling  the  ground,  would  render  pick-aze,  or  they  do  not  work,  and 

such  a  resource  little  leas  cruel  theStateiBdupedbyaaystemwhich 

than  distress  itself.    At  the  same  holds  out  a  t^ngerous  enoouragft- 

time,  I  must  admit  that,  for  my  ment  to  idleness.    Something  veij 

own  part,  I  do  not  renounce  the  different  from  this  must  be  niund, 

privilege  of  proposing  means  which  that  is  evident ;  and  I  have  made 

would,  to  a  certun  extent,  satisfy  an  attempt  to  do  so.     f  even  be- 

the  double  necessity  of  employiog  Heve  that  some  useful  results  may 

the    bands    reduced  to   inactivity  be  attained.     At  the  same  time, 

in    periods  of    industrial    crises,  as  nothing  certain  can  be  offered, 

and  furnishing  them  with  varied  I  tbink  that  the  good-will  of  the 

labours,  adapted  to  the  profession  State  must  be  promised,  but  no  en- 

of  each.     Without  turning  either  gagement  entered  into.  Toenterin- 

manufacturer  or  agriculturist,  it  considerately  into  an  engagement 

is  certain  that  the  State  is  in  wont  is  an  imprudence,  a  &lse  principlfl 

of  linen,  of  clolii,  of  shoes,  and  of  — let  us  speak  out — a  falsehood 

arms  for  the  troops.     Il  has  to  fiung  in  the  face  of  the  people." 

construct  fortress-walls,  artilleiy-  The  following  official  account  of 

carriages,  and  steam-engines.  Now,  the  state  of  Paris,  contuned  in  an 

by   creating    establishments    oon-  address  issued  by  M.  Ducouz,  the 

ducted  OD  the  principle  of  working  Prefect  of  Police,  to  the  inhabitants 

little  in  times  of  industrial  pros-  ofthecapitalontheiMthofAugust, 

parity  and  much  in  times  of^dis-  will  be  found  interesting-.— 

tress,  it  would  not  be  impossible  to  ,,/-!-■ 

provide  for  periods  of  stagnation.  "Cttixent, 

The  State,  as  usual,  would  execute  "  Paris  is  at  length  delivered 

well,  but  very  dearly.     Neverthe-  from  all  the  rumours  spread  and 

lees,  I  am  in  favour  of  making  exaggerated  for  some  days  past  by 

some  ezpsriments  of  the  kind ;  for  men   who,   not   daring   to   attack 

it  would  be  well  thus  to  reserve  the  Republic  openly  and  by  arms, 

the  works  of  the  State,  to  offer  try  to  ruin  it  traitorously  and  by 

them  to  the  operatives  when  de-  distrust.   In  their  impatience  these 


prived  of  the  resources  of  private  propsf^tors  of  panics  went  so  Ear 

mdustiy.     But,  although  I  do  not  as  to  indicate  tne  day  and  almost 

despair  of  the  possibilit;  of  such  a  the  hour  at  which  France  would 

combination, canweonthestrei^th  incline  herself  before  a  new  pre- 

V ,CioOQlc 


Franee.]                            HISTORY.  [295 

tender.  Thia  time  there  was  re-  positors,  44  of  whom  were  new, 
comnienced,  in  the  name  of  the  amounted  to  33,781/.  The  amount 
Bourbon  drnuty,  the  ignoble  of  the  demands  of  reimbursements, 
parade  which  was  plajed  in  the  to  the  SOth  of  August,  was  48,64It/. 
lirat  days  of  June  for  the  advantage  Ad  improvement,  similar  to  that 
of  an  Imperial  pretender.  For-  which  we  signalized  in  the  move- 
tonately,  noweTer,  the  cometlians  ment  of  the  port  of  tlie  Canal  St. 
can  no  longer  give  a  tragic  di-  Martin,  has  taken  place  on  other 
noHmMttto  their  buffoonery.  Cruel  points.  The  arriTala  of  the  month 
experience  has  opened  the  eyes  of  of  July  exceeded  those  of  June  by 
the  least  clear-sighted,  and  no  one  34,333  tons  of  different  descrq>- 
has  hastened  to  fight  for  a  King,  tiona  gf  merchandize.  The  work- 
Tbose  who,  fatally  misled  for  a  men  residing  in  lodging-houses  are 
moment,  armed  themselves  against  81,480;  31,698  are  occupied, 
their  brethren,  now  understand  1)887  are  unoccupied.  Up  to  the 
that  all  insarrection  has  only  8th  of  August  we  showed  that  in 
profited,  and  would  again  tnm  to  the  course  of  the  week  4894 
the  profit,  of  the  enemies  of  the  persons  had  entered  Paris;  from 
Bmublic.  The  National  Guard  the  6th  to  the  15th  the  number 
and  the  army,  of  which  the  in-  was  5974.  In  the  last  week  Uie 
Tenters  of  bad  news  have  dared  to  number  has  been  7494,  so  that 
suspect  the  patriotiBm  and  fidelity,  there  has  been  constant  prognws. 
display  by  their  attitude  the  re-  Up  to  the  I8tb,  from  the  date  of 
ceptioii  which  they  wonld  reserve  the  last  return,  710  foreigners  ar- 
te enarcbists,  whatever  might  be  rived  at  the  hotels;  at  present 
their  flag.  In  a  word,  everybody  there  are  970;  745  only  hare  left 
desires  order  and  the  Bepublio,  Paris.  In  the  space  of  seven 
and  the  Government  is  determined  days  3660  pasaporta  have  been 
to  cause  this  necessity  to  be  en-  delivered;  in  this  number  737 
ergetically  respected.  If,  among  were  gratuitous,  and  643  were  ac- 
the  measures  employed  for  this  corded  to  strangers.  On  the  SOth 
purpose,  there  are  some  which  ap-  of  August  the  number  of  ordinary 
pear  to  enoroaoh  on  liberty,  good  accused  in  the  prisons  was  3S78 ; 
citizens  will  only  accuse  tBose  that  of  the  accused  of  June,  6444. 
whose  incorrigible  audadty  neces-  From  the  IStfa  to  the  S7th  of  this 
aitates  these  transitory  measures,  month  10  snicides  were  committed, 
without  which  the  Republic  cannot  There  was  no  attack  against  the 
be  strengthened.  The  supply  of  person;  that  which  I  announced 
the  markets  is  equal  to  all  wants  in  my  last  address  was  unfounded ; 
and  alt  proviaiona  of  ordinary  con-  an  investigation  made  aince  that 
anmntion.  The  proportion  in  period  has  shown  that  the  Garde 
whidi  loans  and  reimbursements  Mobile  who  was  wounded,  wrongly 
have  been  made  at  the  Mont  de  accused  some  person — he  was  him- 
Piete  during  the  last  six  days  has  self  the  author,  voluntarily  or  in- 
undergone  some  variation.  The  voluntarily,  of  faia  wound.  There 
loans  nave  amounted  to  the  sum  of  have  been  twelve  robberies,  and  the 
365,667/..  and  the  reimbursements  numberofsimplerobberieabasave- 
to  S40,607/.  The  depoaita  made  raged  six  per  day.  A  sad  event 
in  the  savings' bank  on  the  SOth  which  occurredvesterdayat  the  Rue 
and  Slat  of  Angnst,  by  303  de-  dee  Dames,  at  Batignolles,  has  cod- 


296]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  l^rmc^ 

finned  th«  dangef  which  I  pointed  part  which  he  afterwtudfi  plajed 
out  in  one  of  my  proceemi^  re-  m  the  drama  of  French  politios 
ports,  relative  to  firo'^nns,  of  gives  it  peculiar  interest.  It  wss 
which  use  is  made  without  dis-  as  follows : — 
cemment;  a  oitiseD  was  mortally  . 
wounded  by  a  ball.  The  iovolun-  "  i-****^  H^etmtatmst,— 
tory  authors  of  this  homicide  are  "  It  is  impossible  that  I  can 
National  Guards  of  the  1st  Legion,  keep  silence  aft«r  the  calumnies 
who  were  firing  at  a  mark  in  the  of  which  t  have  been  the  objeot. 
Flainede  Monceaux.  The  severest  I  must  express  frankly,  and  at  the 
messures  have  been  ordered  against  earliest  moment  of  my  taking  my 
similar  ofTenees,  which  tend  to  in-  seat  amongst  yon,  the  real  aenti- 
crease.  The totolnumberof deaths  monts  which  animate,  and  which 
arising  from  the  events  of  June  have  ever  animated  me.  After 
was,  up  to  yesterday,  1441.  The  thirtythrea  years  of  proscriptJou 
sanitary  state  of  the  forta  and  andeiilclamatlastentitledtore- 
prisons  continues  to  be  excellent;  sume  my  rights  as  a  citizen.  The 
only  two  insurgents  of  June  died  Republic  has  bestowed  on  me  hap- 
ffom  the  18th  to  the  37th,  at  the  piness;  to  the  Republic  I  tender 
iufirmaiy  of  St.  Lazare."  my  oath  of  gratitude,  my  oath  of 
In  the  middle  of  September,  devotion;  and mygenerous country- 
Prince  Louis  Napoleon  was  re^  men,  who  have  returned  me  to  this 
turned  as  deputy  by  no  fewer  than  place,  may  be  assured  that  I  will 
four  departments — those  of  the  endeavour  to  justify  their  choice  by 
Seine,  the  Moselle,  the  Youne,  and  exerting  m^lf  with  you  to  main- 
the  Ome.  The  votes  in  the  de-  tain  tranquillity,  the  first  necessity 
partment  of  the  Seine,  or  in  other  of  the  country,  and  the  develop- 
words,  Paris,  were  thus  distri-  ment  of  democratic  institutions, 
buted: — For  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  which  the  people  have  the  right  to 
110,014;  Fould,  a  Jew  banker,  demand.  For  a  long  time  I  have 
80,193;  Raspail,  the  Socialist,  in  been  unable  to  consecrate  to  France 
Vincennes  fortress,  67,853;  There  anything  but  the  meditations  of 
and  Cabet,  two  Communists,  exile  and  captivi^.  At  last  the 
65,650  and  65,460;  Roger  and  career  which  you  pursue  is  open  to 
Adam,  Moderates,  64,057  and  me,  Receive  me,  then,  my  dear 
55,d04;hfarshalBugeaud.l9,411t  colleagues,  into  your  ranks,  with 
Emile  de  Girsrdin,  Q8,I08.  the  same  sense  of  afi'ectionate  con- 
On  the  STth  of  that  month,  a  fidence  which  I  bring  there.  My 
formal  annoimcement  was  made  In  conduct — always  inspired  by  duty, 
the  Assembly  that  Louis  Napoleon  always  animated  by  respect  for  the 
had  been  duly  returned  as  Deputy  law — my  conduct  will  prove  the 
for  the  department  of  the  Moselle,  fiilsehood  of  those  who  have  at- 
and  the  President  declared  him  to  tempted  to  blacken  me  for  the 
he  one  of  the  representatives  of  the  purpose  of  still  keeping  me  pro- 
people,  scribed,  and  will  demooatrate  that 
Shortly  afterwards  the  Prince  no  one  is  more  firmly  resolved  than 
took  his  seat,  and  the  first  speech  myself  to  establish  and  defend  the 
made  by  him  in  the  Assembly  was  Republic" 
distinguished  by  its  moderation  Daring  the  discussion  which 
and  good  sense.    The  important  took  place  on  one  of  the  most  im- 


J^v-^*.]                     HISTORY.  [297 

portant  arddes  of  tbe  Oonsti-  tion  of  an  aristocracy  in  a  de- 
tution — the  20th — the  t«nnB  of  mocracr.  M.  Lamanine  reoom- 
which  were,  "  The  French  people  mended  bia  adverBaries  to  re- 
delegates  the  Legislative  power  to  examine  the  qnestion  and  not 
to  one  Aaeembly,"  some  interest-  indulge  in  conaidenitions  foreign 
log  speeches  were  made;  but  we  to  their  conntiy  and  times.  They 
most  confine  oarselves  to  those  de-  should  remember  that  they  were 
delivered  by  M.  Lamartine,  M.  revolutionaiy  statesmen,  and  divest 
Odillon  Barrot  and  M.  Dupin.  themselves  of  all  historical  recol- 
The  proposition  of  a  single  Oham-  lections,  and  of  the  fictions  on 
ber  had  been  adopted  by  a  m^ority  which  the  Royal  power  recently 
of  14  to  1  in  the  Committee;  but  existed.  He  then  examined  the 
in  the  Assembly  U.  Duvergier  ds  relations  that  would  exist  between 
Haoranne  proposed  an  amendment  the  Legislature  and  the  President, 
in  &*our  ot  two  Chambers.  The  Constitution  deprived  the 
M.  Lamartine  said,  that  he  re-  latter  of  the  right  of  dissolving  the 
apeoted  the  inteotione  that  had  Chambers.  Now,  if  a  difference 
dictated  the  amendment  of  M.  arose  between  them,  how  could  ha 
Duvergier  de  Haursnne.  He  had  reconcile  it?  It  was  evident  that 
maturely  studied  the  question ;  he  he  would  be  powerless  in  presence 
had  witneased  the  misfortunes  and  of  the  difficulty.  He  then  inquired 
catastrophes  that  hod  occurred  how  the  elections  of  the  eenators 
under  one  Assembly,  but  he  had  should  be  r^pilated.  Were  Utey 
also  witnessed  the  same  under  a  to  be  chosen  for  their  fortune  or 
GovemmentfoundedontwoCham-  age?  Were  they  to  be  elected  by 
bers.  The  examples  of  Great  the  Council  of  the  department 
Britain  and  America  were  notap-  or  by  the  National  Assembly? 
plicable.  The  two  Assemblies  "Would  you,"  exclaimed  M,  Ls- 
existed  there  in  consequence  of  martine,  "be  justified  in  saying  to 
the  nature,  antiquity,  ooa  interests  Franklin  and  Boyer  Collard,  ^ur 
of  those  two  great  nations.  Had  years  do  not  admit  of  your  sitting 
France  an  aristocracy  like  that  of  in  the  junior  chamber;  repair  to 
England  ?  No.  What  was  true  the  council  of  the  ancients,  to  the 
beyond  the  Pyrenees,  he  would  say,  Luxemburg,  and  leave  this  As- 
with  Pascal,  was  not  so  on  that  sembly  to  its  inexperience?"  In 
aide  of  the  Pyrenees.  In  America  ocmclusion,  M.  Lamartine  con- 
the  considerations  that  dictated  the  tended  that,  in  the  present  difficult 
institution  of  the  Senate  were  drcum  stances,  when  society  was 
widely  different  from  those  which  menaced  on  all  sides,  it  would  be 
inspired  this  amendment  in  favour  often  necessary  to  recur  to  an  im- 
of  a  second  Chamber.  The  Senate  mediate  impromptu  dictatorship, 
in  America  represented  the  federal  Who  should  be  invested  with  that 
principle,  which  was  the  basis  of  arbitraiy  power?  Should  it  be 
the  union,  and  not  democracy,  confided  to  the  two  Assemblies, 
The  idea,  in  the  present  sodal  often  at  variance  with  each  other; 
order  of  France,  of  clothing  a  or  to  one  of  them,  to  the  exclusion 
second  democratioal  Chamber  with  of  the  other  ?  Should  it  be  com- 
aristocrat ical  forms,  was  a  dream,  milled  to  the  hands  of  one  man? 
a  chimera.  It  would  be  a  dan^r-  eucb  a  man  would  be  forthcoming 
ous  realist  a  peril,  the  resuscito-  at  the  given  time ;  realitiesi  not 


298]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [Prance. 

pbantoma,  shonld  be  ohoeen ;  the  demooracy  could  not  moderate  nor 
choice  might  rest  between  a  Monk  r^ularize  iuelf.  All  democracies 
and  a  Bonaparte.  All  thoae  con-  commenced  by  eetablishing  thff 
aideratioDs,  and  many  odiera  which  unity  of  the  legislative  power ;  but 
he  could  explun,  induced  him  to  a  cruel  experience  »oon  taught 
Tote  for  a  single  Chamber.  thoae  who  tbeor^doaJly  believed  in 
M.  OdiUon  Bairot  thought  that  its  expediency,  that  a  balance  was 
the  line  adopted  by  M.Lamartine,  if  necessary,  and  that  a  power,  re- 
reaUzed,  would  be  the  most  Insane  spouaible  to  none,  the  most  ex- 
'undertaking  and  the  most  fatal  orbitant  power  that  can  be  devised, 
for  democracy  itself.  What  he  must  fall  if  left  uncontrolled.  M. 
proposed  was  to  organize  a  revolu-  Odillon  Barrot  contended  that  the 
tioaarf  GovemmeDt,  a  permanent  two  Chambers  could  not  be  termed 
convention.  In  order  to  found  a  a  servile  copy  of  the  Parliament  of 
conatitution,  a  constituent  aseemhly  Great  Britain  and  America,  since 
waa  neoesaary;  onily  was  indis-  there  existed  no  aristocracy  in 
pensable.  Every  power,  effecting  France,  and  that  France  conid 
B  revolution,  demolishing  an  old  never,  fWiin  her  geographical  nature, 
edifice,  should  be  single.  But  if  be  a  federal  republic.  There  was 
the  Assembly  intended  to  eetabhsh  hut  one  force  m  France,  the  de- 
a  normal,  regular,  and  permanent  mocratical  force;  but  it  did  not 
Government,  not  a  Government  of  follow  that  that  democracy  should 
revolution  and  demoUtion,  it  should  be  abandoned  to  itself  without  seek- 
proceed  otherwise.  The  Conven-  ing  means  of  saving  it  from  ita  own 
tion,  assailed  by  foreign  and  do-  omnipotence.  He  thought  that 
mestic  foes,  did  not  establish  by  democracy  could  be  tempered  by 
its  side  an  independent  executive  democracy,  and  the  greatandmain 
power,  but  a  power  which  it  oould  object  of  the  Assembly  should  be 
send  to  the  scaffold  if  it  disobeyed  to  discover  in  democracy  such  a 
its  orders  or  pnJVed  unsuccessful,  moderating  elemenL  The  Council 
If  the  Assembly  voted  one  Cham-  of  State,  inatituted  by  the  Consti- 
ber,  with  a  dependent  Government,  tution,  could  not  serve  as  that 
it  would  decree  the  Convention  in  moderating  element.  It  wanted 
all  its  omnipotence,  without  a  the  sanction  of  experience;  it  vras 
moderating  power,  that  is,  an  eie-  neither  the  CouncH  of  State  of  the 
cutivB  power,  which  it  must  in-  empire  nor  of  the  two  preceding 
eritably  absorb.  The  Republic  had  reigns:  it  was  a  mere  consulting 
found  the  people  prepared  by  the  council,  to  which  the  projects  of 
faults  of  the  monan^y  for  the  decrees  should  be  submitted  pre- 
tiansition.  Were  the  Republic  to  vious  to  their  presentation  to  the 
realize  as  much  liberty  and  se-  Assembly.  M.  Duvergier  de 
curity  as  the  country  ei^oyed  under  Hauranne  had  been  uqjnst  to- 
the  Royal  Government,  he  did  not  wards  the  Members  of  the  Corn- 
hesitate  to  say  that  it  would  give  mtttee  in  supposing  that  they  had 
its  preference  to  the  former.  What,  too  hastily  solved  the  question, 
then,  was  the  cause  of  that  im-  He  assured  him  that  it  had  been 
easiness,  that  universal  perturba-  aeriously  examined  and  discussed, 
tion,  that  feeling  in  favour  of  a  and  he  almost  felt  justi&ed  in  say- 
diciatocship?  It  rested  in  the  ing  that  it  would  have  been  decided 
opinion  generally  admitted    that  under  other  circumstances,  in  a 


F««*.]  HISTORY.  [299 

different muuier.  Hehadkboured,  on  that  of  one?  The  majoritj' 
daring  the  last  eighteen  years,  considered  that  two  Chambers 
to  coDBohdate  the  oonstitutiouftl  ifontd  only  prodoce  differences, 
svatem  under  the  monarchy,  with  and  impede  the  object  in  Tiew. 
the  same  sincerity  he  now  wished  The  moderating  power  which  could 
to  aesiet  in  conaolidatii^  the  be  efi&ciently  opposed  to  a  eiogle 
Repnblio.  During  thoee  a^teen  Chamber  was  the  independent  Ex- 
years  he  had  straggled,  witboat  ecadve  power,  eleot«d,  like  the 
yielding  to  Ussitude  or  dig-  Chamber,  by  the  nation.  A  doable 
coursgement,  against  a  &tal  error  Chamber  was  only  a  reminiscence 
which  led  monarchy  to  ita  ruin,  of  which  the  time  had  gone  by. 
and  that  ruin  was  certain  the  mo-  The  discussion  was  then  de- 
ment a  system,  abhorred  by  the  clared  to  be  closed, 
whole  country,  was  personified  in  The  President.  —  "  Twenty 
the  Sovereign.  He  now  vrisbed  to  Members  have  demanded  the  di- 
render  the  same  service  to  the  vision." 

Republic.     The  pretenders  were         The  result  was,  that  th«rs  ap- 

not  to  be  feared.    Demmxacy  had  peared — 
no  other  enemy  to  combat  bnt  it- 
self,   and    democracy    would   be        For  the  amendment         989 
saved  the  day  it  was  oi^anized  and        Against  it      ....     530 

moderated.      In    conclusion,    ii.  

Odillon  Barrot  entreated  the  As-  Mqority     .     .     .     .     i24I 

sembly  not  to  yield  to  a  fiual  in- 
spiration, not  to  wait  the  cruel        The  President.  —  "  In  conse- 

leeeou  of  esperience,  but  to  intro-  quence,  the   amendment   is    re- 

dnoe  at  onee  into  the  Constitution  jected,  and  the  Assembly  does  not 

the  salutary  division  of  the  legis-  adopt   the   systom    of    i1m    two 

lative  power.  Chambers." 

M.Dupin  said,  that  the  muoritf  M.  Boussi  brought  forward  an 
of  the  committee  agreed  with  the  amendment  upon  the  Qlst  article, 
hmiourable  gentleman  who  had  which  fixed  the  number  of  repre- 
just  descended  &om  the  tribune  in  eentatives  at  760 ;  and  he  pro- 
many  of  the  excellent  things  which  posed  that  the  number  should  be 
he  had  said,  but  it  differed  from  him  reduced  to  000.  This  was  oppoeed 
inhiBaonclu8ion,aeitwasin&TOur  l^  M.  Point,  who  moved  that  the 
of  one  Chamber  only.  M.  Dupin  election  should  be  based  on  the 
went  on  to  say  that  the  m^ority  population.  He  detnanded  that 
wished  to  see  a  democratic  bnt  not  there  should  be  one  representative 
social  Republic  established,  and  for  every  60,000  souls,  and  that 
was,  above  all,  anxious  that  eflectual  every  fraction  above  30,000  should 
resistance  should  be  mods  to  those  entitle  a  department  to  return  an 
men  who,  after  having  imprudently  additional  Member, 
promised  away  the  property  of  M.  Dubive,  in  the  name  of  the 
others,  now  found  aome  difficulty  Committee,  opposed  both  amend- 
in  carrying  tbeir  ^lans  into  ex-  mento.  In  1790,  when  France 
ecution.  The  question  to  be  eon-  hodonlyapopnlationof  34.000,000 
■ideied  was  this ;  could  constitu-  of  inhabitants,  the  legislative  as- 
tiratal  resistance  be  more  efficient  sembly,  he  said,  consisted  of  746 
on  the  part  of  two  Chambers  than  members.       In    Great    Britain, 


300] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[France. 


whose  population  did  not  exceed 
$24,000,000,  the  House  of  Com- 
mona  was  composed  of  668  mem- 
bers. It  was  impossible,  accord- 
ing to  M.  Dufaure,  that  France, 
with  a  population  of  35,000,000, 
should  have  a  represent^on  in- 
ferior to  what  it  was  in  1791,  and 
to  that  of  England.  He  did  not 
consider  TSO  members  too  many. 

M.  Isambert  maintained  the 
necessitj  of  basing  the  eleclion  on 
the  population. 

The  amendments  of  U.  Boussi 
and  M.  Point  were  then  succes- 
sively put  to  the  vote,  and  rejected, 
after  which  tho  31st  article  was 
adopted. 

The  three  important  articles, 
24,  26,  and  36,  were  adopted 
almoet  without  discussion.  They 
were  as  follows : — 

Art  Hi.  "  The  suffrage  is  direct 
and    universal.       The    ballot    is 

Art.  36.  "All  Frenchmen,  SI 
years  of  age,  and  etyoying  their 
civil  and  political  rights,  are 
electors." 

Art.  28.  "All  Frenchmen.  26 
years  of  age,  and  enjoying  their 
civil  and  political  rights,  shall  be 
eligible,  without  any  condition  de- 
rived from  the  quota  of  taxation  or 
domicile." 

During  the  debate  on  art.  27, 
"  The  electoral  law  shall  define 
tiie  incapacities  and  incompatibili- 
ties resulting  from  the  exercise  of 
public  functions,"  various  ameod- 
menta  were  proposed,  amongst 
which  was  one  by  M.  Boussi,  the 
object  of  which  was  to  exclude  all 
public  functionaries,  whether  re- 
ceiving salaries  or  not*  from  sitting 
in  the  Assembly. 

M.  Fayet,  Bishop  of  Orleans, 
observed,  that  the  question  under 
consideration  was  not  new.  llie 
Oonvention,  is  a  movement  of  en- 


thusiasm, banished  all  public  func- 
tionaries from  its  ranks,  but  two 
years  afterwards  it  repealed  the 
decree.  Some  of  the  meet  ener- 
getic members  of  the  Uie  impo- 
sition were,  be  said,  public  func- 
tionaries, and  he  could  not  con- 
ceive the  objection  to  their  pre- 
eence  in  the  Assembly,  which  had 
now  become  the  real  sovereign  of 
the  country. 

All  the  amendments  to  this  ar- 
ticle were  subsequently  referred  to 
the  Committee. 

The  deoLsion  of  the  Assembly 
on  the  important  question,  whether 
the  President  should  be  chosen  by 
an  appeal  to  the  nation,  or  by  the 
Assembly,  was  expressed  by  the 
result  of  the  votes,  when  the  fol- 
lowing amendment,  moved  by  M. 
Leblond,  was  put. 

"  The  President  of  the  Re- 
public is  named  by  the  National 
Assembly,  by  secret  ballot,  and  by 
the  absolute  muority  of  suffrage." 

M.  Martin  de  Strasbourg  had 
spoken  in  favour  of  the  election  of 
the  President  by  the  National  As- 
sembly, when  M.  Dufaure  rose  to 
reply  to  him  in  the  name  of  the 
m^ority  of  the  committee.  He 
said  that  the  question  of  the  elec- 
tion of  the  President  by  the  Le- 
gislative Assembly,  or  by  universal 
suffrage,  had  been  often  discussed 
in  the  Committee  on  the  Constitu- 
tion, before  and  after  the  events  of 
the  16th  of  May  and  of  June,  and 
that  the  nuyorit^  had  always  been 
of  opinion  Uiat  it  should  be  left  to 
universal  suffrage.  It  had  inva- 
riably thought  that  the  social 
power,  in  order  t«  fulfil  its  duties 
towards  the  country,  should  put 
into  practice  the  social  principles 
decreed  in  the  preamble  of  the 
fundamental  law.  The  Legislature 
and  the  President  were  two  powers 
eminently  distinct,  and  he  could 


Prance.'] 


HISTORY. 


[301 


not  eonoeive  that  two  things  abso- 
lutely different  should  be  con- 
founded, and  that  so  much  should 
haTS  been  said  of  the  weight  and 
balance  of  power.  Had  the  Aa- 
oembly  established  two  Chambers, 
possessed  of  equal  rights  and  ap- 
pointed to  do  the  same  thing,  a 
marked  opposition  between  them 
m^ht  be  apprehended ;  but  the 
execudve  ana  legislative  powers 
had  different  attributes — to  frame 
and  execute  laws,  to  deliberate  and 
act,  were  evidently  two  distinct 
things.  Those  who  advocated  the 
principles  of  unity  should  have 
accepted  the  amendment  of  M. 
Orevy,  who  proposed  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  mere  President  of  the 
Council  by  the  Assembly ;  for  there 
unity  certainly  existed,  if  it  was  to 
be  found  anywhere.  M.  Dufiinre 
apprehended  no  collision  between 
the  two  powers.  "  You  bave,"  be 
said,  "  on  one  side  tlie  power 
charged  wilb  fraxDing  the  laws, 
and  on  the  other  a  power  charged 
with  esecuUng  them.  How  can 
any  collision  arise  between  them, 
onleas  t^e  power  charged  with 
framing  tbe  laws  should  presume 
to  execute  them,  and  vice  vend  T 
Out  of  those  two  hypotheses  I  can 
see  no  other  cause  of  colliaion." 
"  The  same  danger,"  continued  M. 
Dnfiaure,  "  would  exist  if  the  Pre- 
sident were  to  be  elected  by  the 
Assembly.  It  is  not  probable  that 
be  would  be  returned  by  acclama- 
tion ;  and  in  that  case  be  would 
have  against  him  the  minority  who 
supported  his  rival.  That  minority 
wuuld  not  renounce  its  opposition, 
because  the  President  was  named. 
If  it  remained  a  minority,  well 
and  good ;  but  if  some  of  those 
who  elected  him  should  join  that 
minority,  and  constitute  a  m^ority 
against  him,  what  course  would  be 
have  to  adopt  in  order  to  preserve 


his  post?  He  must  either  become 
subservient  to  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly, or,  like  every  weak  Go- 
vernment, recur  to  violence."  M. 
Martin  de  Sttasbourg  had  just  said 
that  there  was  no  instance  of  tbe 
nomination  of  the  President  of  a 
Republic  by  universal  snfirsge. 
This  was  true,  but  he  (M.  Du&ure) 
could  adduce  an  instance  of  the 
election  of  a  President  by  a  Le- 
gisladve  Assembly.  That  election 
was  followed  by  four  years  the 
most  sterile  in  talent,  virtue,  and 
great  achievements  recorded  by 
history  during  the  last  60  years. 
That  power,  weak  at  its  origin, 
subsequently  became  violent.  On 
the  16tb  Fructidor,  it  joined  a  por- 
tion of  the  legislative  body  to 
transport  the  other  to  the  pead- 
lenti^  marshes  of  Sinnamaiy.  A 
year  afterwards  it  annulled  the 
elecdouB  of  48  departments,  who 
had  returned  deputies  hostile  to  its 
policy.  On  the  90th  Floreal,  it  was 
Itself  decimated,  and  on  the  18th 
Brumaire  the  coimtry,  tired  of  that 
Government,  applauded  the  at- 
tempt committed  against  its  re- 
presentatives, and  threw  itself  into  ^ 
the  arms  of  despotism.  M.  Du-/' 
faure,  in  oonclusion,  observed,  that 
there  was  not  a  constitution  in  the 
world  that  offered  infallible  gua- 
rantees against  the  attacks  of 
human  passions,  and  that  the  Com* 
mittee,  after  mature  deliberation, 
had  proposed  the  election  of  the 
President  by  the  country,  as  the 
most  simple  and  direct  mode,  and 
the  most  conformable  to  the  prin- 
ciples  of  Government  which  the 
nation  intended  to  constitute. 

Upon  a  division  on  the  Tth  of 
October,  the  following  numbers 
appeared — 

Number  of  voters   .     .     813 
Absolute  m^ori^    .    .     407 


302]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [«««; 

For  the  fttnendment  .  S 1 1  SO  Tot«e.  There  still,  bomenr,  re- 
Against  il  ....  603  nutined  the  complatioii  of  a  oode 
The  reeult,  therefore,  was,  that  of  what  were  called  "  organic 
by  a  minority  of  391  it  was  de-  laws,"  the  discassion  of  which 
tenained  to  aabmit  the  election  of  serred  to  prolong  tiie  existence  of 
the  FresideDt  of  the  Republic  to  the  Aaeembly  b^^md  the  close  of 
the  nation  at  lai^.  This  was,  in  the  preeentjrear.  Amongst  the  dis- 
fact,  tantamovnt  to  declaring  that  sentients  were  the  Ultra-Republi- 
Louis  N^Mleon  should  be  that  cans,  MM.  Pierre  Lerooz,  Proud- 
President;  for  it  was  well  known  hon.aodFelixPjat.andtheLegiti- 
Ihat  vtth  the  gnat  mass  of  the  mists,  MM.  Bensit  Bender,  de 
popnlatioD  his  was  the  farourite  Poysequr,  dela  Roch^aqoelein,  and 
name.  It  certainly  does  seem  in-  de  Sesmaisons ;  also  M.  de  Monta* 
eOamabeat  and  difficult  of  explana-  lembert  and  Victor  Hugo.  Six 
tion,  that  an  Assembly,  which,  if  members  of  the  Mountain  refused 
it  had  itself  chosen  between  the  to  TOte  at  all,  and  drew  ap  a  p^Mr 
two  candidates,  would  undoubtedly  jnsti^ng  their  policy. 
have  elected  Gavaignao,  should  On  the  evening  of  the  same  day. 
have  voluntarily  adopted  a  oourse,  101  cannon-shots  announced  to 
the  effect  of  which  was  to  ensure  the  inhabitants  of  Paris  that  the 
Buccefis  to  his  opponent.  Constitution  had  been  voted  by 
A  marked  indication  in  the  the  Assembly.  Thisatfiretcaosed 
change  of  political  feeling  in  the  aome  alarm,  for  the  sound  of  aitil- 
Assembly  had  been  just  exhibited  leiy  in  the  streets  wss  associated 
in  the  election  of  Presidents  and  with  the  memory  of  the  frightM 
Secretaries  of  the  different  bu-  scenes  of  which  the  citrf  had  so 
reaux.  In  the  preceding  month  oft«n  during  this  year  been  the 
these  officers  had  all  been  chosen  theatre.  When,  hoiraver,  the  cause 
ftx>m  among  the  decided  Repub-  was  made  known,  the  pc^ulaee 
licans  ;  but  in  the  beginning  of  quietly  dispersed  without  any  mani- 
October,  out  of  the  fifteen  selected,  feetationB  of  feeling  on  theoccasion. 
only  three  were  distinguished  by  The  proclamation  of  the  new 
.  their  attachment  to  ^t  cause :  Constitution  took  place  on  Snnday, 
namely,  M.  Dupout  (de  TEure),  the  I2th  of  November,  amidst  the 
M.  Arago,  and  M.  Landrin,  the  roerof cannonandthedisplayofmi- 
two  latter  of  whom  had  vigorously  litarypomp.  The  weather,  however, 
opposed  the  doctrines  of  the  So-  was  cold  and  gloomy,  and  a  heavy 
ciaJiets  and  Commnnists.  The  fall  of  snow  tended  to  damp  what- 
rest,  including  M.  Thiers,  were  all  ever  enthasjasm  might  ouierwise 
men  whose  r^ret  at  the  dowm&l  have  been  felt  by  the  people.  The 
of  the  monarchy  was  a  faot  which  chief  eyiiMurt  of  all  the  eyes  was 
they  hardly  took  pains  to  conceal.  General  Oavaignac;  and  peifa^a 
This  was  aignifioant  of  the  dls-  the  int^est  which  he  io^ired  was 
crepancy  that  prevailed  between  heightened  by  the  conviction  that 
the  external  symbols  and  real  his  star  was  near  its  setting,  and 
tendencies  of  national  feeling  that  the  power  which  he  had 
The  question  ofthe  adoption  of  the  wielded  vrith  such  firmness  and 
Constitution  was,  on  the  4th  of  No-  success  was  soon  about  to  pass  into 
vember,  finally  put,  and  carried  by  other  hands, 
anoverwhelmingnuyorityof 73T to  An  interesting  disonsaion  took 


••] 


HISTORY. 


[303 


place  in  the  National  AssMoblf, 
on  the  S6th  of  NovMnber,  on  which 
iaj  M.  Barth^lemj  Bt  Hikire 
brought  forward  seTeral  specific 
chaises  against  General  Cavaignac 
for  his  conduct  during  the  insur- 
rection in  the  month  of  June.  He 
accoeed  him  of  direct  disobedience 
of  the  Ezeoative  Committee's 
orden,  both  in  reepect  to  the  num- 
ber of  troope  he  was  required  to 
bring  into  Paris  before  the  ont- 
break,  and  in  respect  to  his  con- 
duct in  the  coarse  of  the  battle ; 
with  punuing  such  measorea  as 
allowed  the  rebels  to  gain  great 
strength  before  the;  were  regtuarly 
attacked,  and  so  increasing  Uie  Ices 
of  lives  on  each  sides  in  the  strug- 
gle ;  and  with  adopting  these  mea- 
snres,  and  also  with  using  political 
intrigue,  as  a  means  to  secore  the 
ends  of  personal  ambition. 

General  Cavaignac  defended 
himself  in  a  masterly  and  effective 
speech  of  three  hours'  duration,  in 
which  he  went  through  the  changes 
Mriotim,  and  conclusively  answered 
them  all.  At  the  cloee  of  his  ad- 
drees  he  said,  "  Is  it  possible  that 
I,  or  any  man  in  his  senses,  wonld 
for  his  own  ambition  risk  the 
lives  of  so  many  of  his  countiy- 
men,  the  ruin  of  a  great  city,  and 
the  destruction  of  the  National 
Assembly?  No,  it  is  impossible. 
All  these  calumnies  must  have  an 
end.  1  am  ready  to  discuss  them 
when  jou  please — now,  to-morrow, 
at  any  tjme ;  and,  when  at  last  an 
end  has  been  come  to,  it  is  no 
longer  the  plesidings  of  an  advo- 
cate that  will  be  witnessed,  but  the 
acta  of  a  soldier." 

After  several  other  Members 
had  spoken,  M.  Dupont  (de  I'Eure) 
rose,  and  said: — 

"  Nothing  but  the  peculiar  dr- 
oamstances  in  which  we  are  placed 
oonid  have  determined  me  to  ap- 


pear in  the  tribnne.  I  am  pro- 
foundly afflicted  at  the  differences 
that  I  have  witnessed  this  day 
amongst  ns,  and  which  cannot,  if 
persisted  in,  but  do  ii^ury  to  the 
Republic  But,  after  the  luminous 
ezpIanatioQS  given  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council,  bearing  as  they 
do  such  a  character  of  loytuty,  they 
ought  to  cany  conviction  into  every 
mind.  They  have  carried  convio- 
-tioD  to  mine,  and  I  hope  you  will 
share  in  my  feeling." 

He  then  moved  a  resolution, 
that  "  The  National  Assembly,  per- 
sisting in  its  decree  of  the  36th 
June  last,  declaring  '  that  General 
Cavaignac,  chief  of  the  £iecntive 
Power,  had  deserved  well  of  his 
countiy,'  passes  to  the  order  of  the 
day." 

Twenty  members,  however,  called 
for  a  division,  and  a  ballot  was 
taken,  when  the  reeolutioa  was 
afGrmed  by  608  votes  to  34.  The 
result  was  hailed  with  load  shouts 
of  acclamation,  and  cries  of  "  Vive 
la  Ripuhlique !" 

The  whole  of  France  was  now 
busied  in  preparing  for  the  contest 
for  the  Presidency,  and  the  result  of 
this  great  appeal  to  Universal  Suf- 
frage was  the  election  of  Prince 
Lonis  Napoleon,  on  the  10th  of 
December,  by  an  enormous  ma- 
jority. The  votes,  as  announced  in 
the  report  of  the  Electoral  Com- 
mittee of  the  National  Assembly, 
were  as  follows: — 

Louis  Napoleon   . 

Cavaignac    .     . 

Ledni  Rollin  . 


Lamartine  . 
Changamier 
Votes  lost 


.  5,4S4,a2d 
,  1,448,107 
870,119 
8fl,900 
17,fll0 
4,790 
13,800* 


304]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  l^rtnus. 

The  Prince  mt  proclttimed  Pre-  address  mis  received  with    loud 

sident  of  the  French  Republic,  iu  and  eathusiaBtic  applaose,  andM. 

the   National  Assembly,    on  the  Harrast,  the  President  of  the  As- 

30th  of  December.     After  the  re-  sembly,  then  made  the  following 

port  had  been  read  General  Ca-  declaration: — 

Taignac  rose  and  said —  "  In  the  name  of  the  French 

"  I  come  here  to  inform  jaa.  People :  Whereas  Citizen  Gharlea 

that  I  ba*e  just  received  the  col-  Lonis  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  bom  in 

lectjve  resignation  of  the  Minbtij.  Paris,  possesses  all  the  qualifica- 

I  have  also  te  state,  that  I  now  re-  tions  of  eligibilitj  required  by  Uie 

mit  inte  your  hands  my  office  of  44th  artjcfe  of  the  Constitution ; 

President  of  the  Council,  which  whereas  the  ballot  gave  him  the 

yon  were  pleased  te  confide  to  me.  absolute  m^ority  of  sufiragea  for 

The   Assembly    will    comprehend  the   Presidency :  by  virtue  of  the 

much  better  than  I  con  express,  powers  conferred  on  the  Assembly 

the  gratitude  that  I  feel  for  the  sup-  hy  the  47th  and  48th  articles  of  the 

port  and  kindness  that  were  t«sti-  Constitution,  I  proclaim  him  Pre- 

fled  to  me  during  the  whole  period  sident  of  the  French  Republic  from 

that  I  exercised  the  pow^^  <^<»'  *^  ^J  ^^^  the  second  Sunday 

mittedto  my  hands."    This  short  of  Uay  1663;  and  I  now  invite 

1     ji       J  .1.    I II  _i     ^,  him  to  ascend   the    tribune  and 

■fkcnnrdi  wldi««wil  the  fsllowlng  •tile-  .  i.    .l        .i.  „      -     j  l    .l    i-i 

mmtlotbe  MomleuT  I take  the  ooth  reqmred  by  the  Cen- 

••  NumefowerTon  bsve  found  Ibdr  wi;  stitution. 

Into  the  pubUestioii  of  the  report  of  the  Prince  Louis  Napoleon  immedi- 

CommitiM  of  ibe  thirty  memben  of  ibe  a^iiy  ascended  the  tribune,  and, 

N«»iiJA«en.W,ch™d^  ^hen  the  oath  had  been  read  to 

Ing  the  relunu  tor  the  election  of  the  Pre-  , .___       ■    j  t-    l      .        ■,     TT^,,  . 

■iJ^t  of  the  Republic     A.  Seeretsrie*  1"™.  '^'^  bia  band,  and  said.  "  I 

afth>tComiiiiU«e,wecoa)routiic*icl07oa  swear."    He  afterwords  delivered 

the  deGniliTe  snd  oAdal  renin  of  the  a    brief  speech   which    was    most 

etocfan  «Weh  look  pUce  on  lOth  Deoem.  fcTOurably  received,  and  which  waa 

NLberofvoteninlbeeighty-  ^»^f^  by  a  tone  of  conciliation 

ni  Depvtmenti,  not  includ-  and  frankness  well  calculated  to 

iv  Algeria,  the  letumi  of  inspire  confidence.     In  it  he  said : 

which  have  not  yet  inired      7,4M7I  "The  majority  which  I  have  ob- 

N»W  »*«.,-..,  ...  ^^rf      .      ,,  „„.  „.  ^u,  g„. 

The  nwjoriiy  of  the  •uStigeg  O^ae,  but  also  gives  to  the  new 

ezpraaed 8,713,187  Government  the  moral  force  with- 

, out  which  there  is  no  authority. 

,^J.poUonBan.p«ecb.^  With  peace  and  order,  eur  «,nnt,7 

Oenenl  Ei^toe  C»vJgn«j    .  1,448,802  <»«  "■«"«  ^^^  agwn,  can  heal  its 

Ledni-RoUin 871,431  wounds,  bring  back  those  men  who 

Rupail 96,964  ha*e  been  led  astray,  and   calm 

LiiniitiDe  .    ......       17.914  their  passions. 

£^.S°r"  : : :   .iS  ■•ASZ«db,a,i,,pw..fco». 

'                                      dilation,  I  shall  call  around  me 

Number  eqiul  to  the  lufltigei  men  honourable,  capable,  and  de- 

tiynmtd    ...    . , .    .  7.<26,952  ^oted  to   their  country ;    assured 

BUntornnoon.tltut«>nJt.cket.      M^9  that,  maugre  the  diversities  of  po- 

Number  equd  to  thid  of  Ibe  li^ical  origin,  they  will  agree   in 

Totan 7,449,471  emulating  your  endeavours  for  the 


France.} 


HISTORY. 


fiilfilment  of  the  constitalioii,  the 
perfecting  of  the  lam,   and  the 


"  We  bsTe,  Citizen  Bepreseotar 
tives,  a  great  mission  to  folGl — It 
is  to  foand  a  Republic  in  the  in- 
terest of  all,  and  a  government 
just  and  firm,  which  sbaU  bo  ani- 
mated by  a  sincere  love  of  pro- 
gress, without  being  either  reac- 
tionary or  Utopian.  Let  us  be 
men  of  our  country,  not  men  of  a 
party;  and,  by  the  help  of  God, 
we  shall  be  able  at  least  to  do 
some  good,  if  we  are  not  able  to 
do  great  things." 

The  Prince  then  left  the  Cham- 
ber, and  was  escorted  by  a  squa- 
dron of  dragoons  to  the  Palace 
Elysee  Nstional  (formerly  Eljsee 
Bourbon)  which  had  been  assigned 
as  the  residence  of  the  President, 
la  the  coiuBO  of  the  evening  a  liat 
of  the  new  Ministry  appeared  in 
the  MoniuuT,  and  contained  the 
following  names : — 
M.  Odillon  Barrot,  President  of 

the   Council    and  Minister  of 

Justice. 
M.  Drouyn  de  Lbuye,  Foreign  Af- 

&iTB. 

a.  Leon  de  Maleville,  Interior. 
M.  Hippolyte  Passy,  Finances. 
U.  Leon  Faucber,  Public  Works. 
ii.  Bixio,  Commerce. 
General  Rulhieres,  War. 
M.  De  Tracy,  Marine. 

At  the  same  time,  by  a  decree 
of  the  President,  Marshal  Bu- 
geaud  was  appointed  Commander- 
in-chief  of  the  Army  of  the  Alpe. 

On  the  30tfa  of  December  M. 
OdiUon  Barrot,  the  President  of 
the  Council,  made  a  speech  in  the 
Assembly,  in  which  he  announced 
the  principles  by  which  he  and  his 
colleagues  intended  to  be  guided. 

"  Citizen  Representatives, — You 
heard  a  few  days  since  the  speech 
of  the  Presideat  of  the  Republic. 

Voi.  XC. 


The  ideas  contained  in  that  mani- 
festo  are  also  ours.  We  take 
the  aome  engagement  before  the 
National  Assembly  and  before 
France.  Tou  will  not  expect  from 
na  an  txpoii  of  the  situation  of 
the  Republic;  an  expoii  which 
must  necessarily  be  incomplete, 
from  the  short  time  that  has 
elapsed  since  we  came  int«  ofBce. 
What  we  owe  you  is  an  explana- 
tion as .  to  the  principles  which 
have  presided  over  the  formation 
of  the  Cabinet,  and  as  to  the  line 
of  conduct  which  it  proposes  to 
follow.  As  you  sre  well  aware, 
our  political  origins  are  various. 
At  the  present  time.  Ministries 
can  no  longer  grow  out  solely  from 
the  stru^le  of  opinions  or  from 
the  excluei»o  triumph  of  a  party. 
The  election  of  December  the 
1 0th  has  just  manifested  in  so- 
ciety on  accord,  a  spirit  of  union, 
to  which  the  Government  must  re- 
epond.  When  all  men  who  love 
their  country  unite  in  such  a  sen- 
timent, there  would  be  neither 
patriotism  nor  wisdom  in  a  Go- 
vernment that  should  resist  such 
a  great  and  salutary  impulse. 
The  state  of  things  which  we  now 
point  out  rules  our  policy.  What 
the  country  wishes  for  is  order, 
moral  and  material  order;  order 
in  the  streets,  in  the  workshops, 
in  the  administration,  and  in  ^e 
public  mind.  The  Republican 
Govemraentwill  not  be  definitively 
strengthened  until  the  day  when 
revolutionary  agitations  shall  be 
put  an  end  to.  In  energetically 
conatitnting  the  public  force,  the 
Government  wished  to  put  mate- 
rial order  out  of  danger.  We  con- 
sidered that  energy  m  such  a  case 
vras  foresight ;  we  wished  to  discou- 
rage even  an  idea  of  disorder.  We 
propose  to  ourselves  to  spare  the 
conntiy  those  terrible  necessities 

m       • 


iBOei           ANNUAt    REGISTER,  1848.  l*^"""- 

of  repression  before  which,  when  only  undertake  h)  proportion  t4 
the  moment  arrives,  the  Govern-  its  strength — that  it  muat  not  do 
ment  cannot  draw  back,  but  which  everything,  -and,  for  a  stronger 
are  always  a  painful  sacrifice  for  reason,  not  all  at  the  same  time, 
hnmant^  and  for  the  country.  We  call  to  our  aid  the  spirit  of 
After  the  agitations  which  we  have  association  and  individual  strength, 
just  gone  through,  and  which  have  We  think  that  the  impulse  of  the 
shaken  society  to  its  foundation.  State  shonld,  wherever  it  is  pos- 
Becurity  is  the  paramount  wish  of  sible,  be  substituted  for  direct  ex9- 
all.  It  is  necessary  that  calm  cution  by  the  Stele.  Our  socie^ 
should  be  restored  to  the  pnblic  has  contracted  the  deplorable  ha- 
mind,  that  society  should  have  bit  of  relying  on  the  Ooveniment 
confidence  in  the  future,  and  that  for  the  cures  which,  in  other  na- 
every  one  should  think  of  the  mor-  tions,  proceed  from  individn^  Re- 
row.  This  confidence  will  increase  tivity.  Hence  that  seeking  aft«r 
.  labour,  and  with  labour  the  real  places  and  grants  which  corrupted 
sourcee  of  riches  will  be  reopened,  and  eventually  ruined  the  Hon- 
Favourable  symptoms  assure  us  archy,  and  from  which  it  is  ne- 
that  our  previsions  on  this  aub-  ceasary  to  preserve  the  Oovem- 
ject  are  already  more  than  vain  ment  of  the  Republic,  by  simpli- 
hopee,  and  begin  to  be  realized,  fying  the  machinery  of  the  adroi- 
Agriculture,  industry,  and  com-  nistration,  and  by  substituting 
merce  have  severely  suffered,  and  rules  for  arbitrary  acts  in  the  dis- 
the  fortune  of  the  Btate  has  not  posal  of  places.  We  shall  not 
received  less  serious  attacks.  In  forget,  Citiaen  Representative*, 
this  universal  crisis,  the  collective  that,  to  give  precepts  with  any 
power,  which  alone  remained  stand-  degree  of  authority,  the  Govern- 
ing,  was  compelled  to  come  to  the  ment  must  before  all  set  good  ex- 
assistance  of  individual  misfortune,  amplcs.  As  to  the  relations  of 
and  supply  the  vacancy  left  by  France  with  Foreign  Powers,  we 
want  of  labonr.  The  force  of  cir-  have  no  necessity  to  inform  the 
Gumstaoces  has  peihaps  carried  Assembly  what  are  its  present 
the  State  out  of  its  natural  part;  complications.  We  find  negotia- 
and  in  all  cases  that  intervention  tions  opened  on  all  points.  That 
has  already  imposed  tiie  heaviest  state  of  things  imposes  on  ua  a 
burdens  on  the  Treasury.     The  reserve  which  the  Assembly  will 

Snblic  finances  are  at  this  time  comprehend ;  for  we  are  fully  de- 

eepiy   engaged.      The    National  dded  not  to  promise  that  which 

Assembly  has  comprehended  that  we  believe  we  are  not  sure  to  be 

it  was  time   to    ratum   into  the  able  to  realize,  and  not  lightly  or 

paths  of  enlightened  foresight  and  rashly  to    eng^    the    word    of 

strict  economy.    The  Cabinet  d«-  France.    We  shall  seek,  wherover 

votes  itself  to  that  great  and  diffl-  they  are  pcmsible,  tn  obtain  pacific 

cult     task,    without    exa^erated  solutions,  because  they  are  for  the 

fears  and  without  dangerous  illu-  interest  of  France  as  well  as  for 

dons.    Assuredly  we  do  not  think  that  of  Europe ;  there  is  no  ne- 

that  the  hand  of  the  State  can  be  cessity  for  us  to  say  that  the  na>- 

withdrawn    from    evei7  point    to  tional  honour  will  bold  the  first 

which  it  has  held  out  its  assist-  place  in  tbe  attention  of  the  Go- 

ance ;  but  we  believe  that  it  must  vemment.      Citizen    Repreeenta- 


Frm6t}  HISTORY.  [307 

^T«B.    *fe    prvpcwe    to    ounelres  vBignac,  and  Louia  Napoleon  h&v« 

above  all  to  mse  np  and  consoli-  been  the  successive  idole  of  the 

data   authority  in   France.      But  hour,  and   each  has   been  borne 

kt  it  be  well  known  that  we  do  alofl:  upon  the  waves  of  the  "  fierce 

not  intend  to  make  the  neceeuty  democracj',"  which  was  b;  the  re- 

itftwderBnabBoluteobBtacleagaiDBt  volution  colled  into  sudden  aiuj 

the  tendencies  of  modern  society,  portentous  exiBteace.      It  ie  im- 

Order  is  not  for  ub  the  end — it  la  possible  to  deny  that  I^omartine 

only  the  means.      We  see  in  H  aid  the  State  good  service  during 

the  esaeatial  condition  of  all  liberty  the  first  wild  outburst  of  insur- 

and  of  all  progress.   The  complete  rection.    He  displayed  admirable 

re-esUblishment  of  security  can,  courage  when,    at  the    HStel  do 

we    are  deeply  convinced,   alone  Ville,  he  refused,  at  the  risk  of  his 

permit  the  Republic  to  give  the  life,  to  recogoise  the  symbol  or 

rein  to  grand  conceptions,  to  ge-  adopt  the  watchword  of  the  ex- 

nerouB  ideas,  to  the  development  trerae  democrats.     To  his  cora- 

of  general  prosperity  and  of  poli-  mauding  eloquence  and  unyielding 

tical  manners.     We  do  not  wish  firmuess  then,  we  think  that  bis 

to  fail  in  any  one  of  these  inte-  country  is  indebted  for  an  escape 

tests.    The  electjon  of  December  from  tbe  worst  horrors  of  revolu- 

the    10th    has    placed    immense  don,  and  bad  he  persevered  in  tbe 

strength  in  the  bands  of  the  Go-  same   manly   course   there  is  no 

ventment    Our  task,  Citizen  Be-  reason  to  doubt  that  be  mighthave 

presentativea,  it  is  to  prevent  that  retained  power  for  a  much  longer 

strength  from  proving  abortive,  or  period.    But  he  wanted  confidence 

from  being  led  astray ;  and  to  ac-  in  the  strength  of  bis  own  princi- 

Gomplish  it  we  rely  on  your  pa-  pies,  and  mistook  the  real  eenti- 

triotic  cooperation."  ments   of  his   countrymen.      He 

Our  next  volume  will  contain  an  fancied  that  it  was  necessary  to 

account  of  the  mode  in  which  the  conciliate  the  favour  of  tbe  Bed 

President  and  his    Ministry   ac-  Republicans,  and  did  not  dare  to 

3uitted    themselves    of    the    ar-  come   to  a  rupture   with    Ledru 

uouB  task  imposed  upon  them,  Rollin,  who  was  one  of  the  leaders 

and  how  far  they  succeeded  in  giv-  of  the  extreme  section  of  the  revo- 

i»g  stability  to  the  new  institu-  lutioniats.  He,  therefore,  vacillated 

tions,  and  restoring  confidence  in  in  his  policy,  and  at  times  seemed 

France.  almost  to  identify  himself  with  the 

In  concluding  oor  narrative  of  opinions  of  his  dangerous  colleague, 

theeveniainthatcountryduringtbe  This  caused,  in  tiie  minds  of  all 

^ear  now  under  review,  it  will  be  moderate  men  in  France,  the  ut- 

mstructive  to  notice  tbe  rapid  rise  most  alarm,  and,  sftor  the  events 

and  equally  rapid  fall  of  popular  of  May  had  thrown  suspicion  upon 

&vourites  there.     Since  the  revo-  lus  motives  and  views,  his  ii^u- 

lution  of  February  three  names  ence  rapidly  sank.    No  party,  in 

have  stood  prominently  forward ;  fact,  coiud  trust  him.    The  nation 

but,  in  the  case  of  two  of  them,  recoiledfromtbeabyssof  Socialism, 

"  their  sun  has  gone  down  while  and  sought  safety  in  the  sword  of 

it  was  yet  day,"  and  they  no  longer  the  republican  soldier,  Cavaignac. 

occupy  any  important  place  in  the  But,  as  the  mass  of  the  people  be- 

public    regard.      Lamartine,  Ca-  came  more  and  more  conservative, 


808]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.         l*"""*- 

they  felt  that  he  was  too  sincerel;  of  a  ajsteiii  alreadj  in  ^srepnte, 

a  republican  for  them.    Thejwere  and  the  name  of  Napoleon,  with 

almost  weaiy  of  their  great  experi-  its  splendid  traditions  of  empire 

ment  tefore  it  had  been   fairly  and  glonr,  act«d  like  a  talisman  in 

tried;  and  it  may  betisly  stud  &Tonr  of  the  pretensiona  of  a  man 

that  tlie  only  offeace  of  CaTaignao  whose  only  cuum  upon  the  votes 

was  that  he  waa  determined  to  of  his  oountiymen  was,  that  be 

sive  it  a  fair  trial.   He  was.  there-  was    the    nephew  of  a  milituj 

fore,  thrown  aside  as  the  dumpon  despot. 


b,GoogIc 


*^1  HISTORY. 


CHAPTER  X. 

Spun.— RwoMtnMton  of  the  Sptmith  Miniary — Annowicmuta  of  th* 
QuMft  Mothtr'i  Marriage  with  Munox  in  1839 — Inquachmmt  of 
8.  Salamanca  in  lh»  Congrtu — Bit  Defence— Etpartwo  arrive*  at 
Madrid— ^Quarrel  betteeen  L&rd  PalmenUm  and  the  Spanish  Minietry 
•~Di*nut$al  of  Sir  H.  L.  Bulwerfrom  Madrid — Military  Dieturhanee 
in  the  Cajntai — CarHat  Inturreetion,  headed  by  Cabrera. 

PoBTOOAL. — Formation  of  a  Neie  Minittry  under  the  Due  de  Saldanha 
— The  Queen'i  i^eeeh  on  the  Opening  of  the  Cortet — Modification  of 
the  Cabinet—  Cloiing  of  the  Sestion  of  the  Cortet. 

Sasdihia. — New  Conttitution  promulgated  to  hit  Subject*  by  the  King, 
Charlet  Albert. 

Itai.t.— War  in  Lombardy. — Ditturianeet  at  Milan  in  beginning  of 
Janttary — Addrett  of  MarthaJ  Badettky  to  the  Austrian  Troope — 
Effect*  of  the  French  Bevolution  in  Italy — Commencement  of  the 
Straggle  at  Milan — Combat  between  the  Populace  and  the  Auttrian 
Qarriton — Milan  abartdoned  by  Martha  Radetxky — Proclamation  by 
PrwiftonoZ  Qovernment — The  King  of  Sardinia  Uad*  the  Piedmonteta 
Troope  into  Lombardy — Revolution  at  Venice — Strength  of  the 
Piedmontete  force — Radetxky  retiree  upon  Verona — Auttrian  line* 
forced  along  the  Mincio — Supiveneu  of  the  Papal  Troopt  under 
Oeneral  Durando  —  Junction  effected  by  General  Nttgertt  with  Martha 
Radettky — Severe  Engagement  between  the  Auttriartt  and  Italiaru 
before  Verona — CharUi  Albert  betieget  Petehiera — Its  ultimate  capture 
— Partial  taeeetie*  of  the  Piedmontete  Jrmy — Vicenxa  turrenders  to 
Badettky — Padua  and  Palma  Nwtva  taken  by  the  Auetriatu — Mantua 
invetted  by  the  King  of  Sardinia — The  Piedmontete  lines  forced  by 
General  Atpre — Yariout  Contetts  between  the  two  Armie* — Victory  of 
the  Auttrian*  at  Somma  Campagna— Charlet  Albert  retreat*  toward* 
Milan — Purtwt  by  the  Auitriant — MHan  abandoned  by  the  Sar- 
dinian Army — Capitulation  qf  Milan — Armittice  agreed  upon. 

SPAIN.— On  die  S&th  of  De>  U.  Manuel  Beltran  de  Lya,  Minis- 
cflmber,  last  year,  a  change        ter  of  Finance, 

look  place  in  the  composition  of  M.  Sartorius,  of  the  Iiit«rior. 

the  Spanish  Miniatrf,  which  was  M.  Airazola,  of  Justice, 

thus  recon8truct«d : —  M.  Bravo  Uurillo,  of  Public  In- 
General  Narraez,  President  of  the         struction. 

CouQcdl,    withont   any    depart.  M.  Boca  de  T<^re8,  of  Marine, 
ment.  On  the  S8th,  a  somewhat  re- 
Gen,  Figueras,  Minister  of  War.  markable  announcement  if  peared 


310]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Sp«">- 

in  the  Diario  Official  de  Aviiot.  ing Bteam-Teasels,  HeBgraedtopaj 

It  WBB  as  folloira : —  into  the  Treaaut?  10,000,000  reals 

"  Oa  this  day  (the  38tb  of  De-  in  metal,  10,000,000  in  uncapital- 
cember),  at  half-  past  7  o'clock  in  the  ized  conpone,  and  the  rest  in  good 
morning,  in  the  year  1833,  Donna  bills  and  other  negotiable  paper. 
Maria  Christina  de  Bourbon  was  Instead  of  this,  Buschental  do- 
married  to  Don  Fernando  Munoz."  lirered  a  number  of  promissory 

The   deadi  of  Ferdinand   took  notes  (pofror^)  at  various  dates,  for 

place  on  the  39th  of  September  which  he  "fraudulently"  obtained 

that  same  year,  so  thcU,  within  a  receipt  declaring  that  he  had 

three  montlu  from  that  date,  the  paid  the  values  agreed  upon.    'Yhei 

Boyal  widow  consoled  herself,  ac-  matter  was  investigated,  and  fios- 

oordingto  her  own  statement,  with  chenul  was  called  on  to  pay  the 

a.  husband,   although   the   public  cash    and  ooapone    according    to 

were  kept  in  profound  ignorance  of  the    agreement       He   perBisted, 

the   fact  for  upwards   of   fifteen  however,  in  refusing   to  comply 

years.  wiUi  the  order.     In  1645  be  pre- 

Atthe  sitting  of  theOongress,  on  sented  the  bills  for  conversion;  but 

the  4th  of  January,  the  following  the    Government    refiiaed    them 

charges  against  Serior  Salamanca  then,  and  again  when  presented  by 

vrere  brought  forward  by  Seijas  Lon-  other  persons  for  the  same  ptirpose. 

zano :  they  were  fonr  in  number : —  A  Junta  appointed  to  inquire  into 

First,  Uiat  of  having,  under  the  the  matter  reported,  that  the 
pretext  of  encouraging  public  values  actually  dehvered  by  Bus- 
works,  authorized  (he  bank  of  San  chental  amounted  to  11,666,000 
Fernando  t«  advance  money  on  the  reals,  white  he  had  received 
shares  of  the  Aranjues  Railway,  17,890,000. 

under  a  Government  guarantee  Senor  Salamanca,  in  reply  to 
for  the  repayment  in  case  of  the  charges,  said  that  they  were 
nonpayment  by  the  shareholders,  brought  ftom  party  motives,  and 
Salamanca  himself  being  the  prin-  that  his  enemies  were  bent  on 
oipsl  shareholder ;  secondly,  of  bav-  destroying  him.  When  he  entered 
ing  remitted  to  certain  traders  the  offloe,  he  was  rich ;  when  he  left  it, 
penaltiea  they  bad  incurred  by  poor;  the  charge  of  corruption 
having  taken  contraband  goods  would  not  therefore  hold.  His 
from  uteCuetom-honse  at  Alicante,  sole  object  in  the  affiiir  of  the 
and  introduced  them  into  Madrid  Araqjuez  Btulway  was  to  benefit 
by  means  of  permits  fraudulently  the  country.  The  guarantee  given 
obtained;  thirdly,  of  having  ordered  by  Government  was  merely  nomi- 
an  illegal  conversion  into  Three  per  nal.  There  was  no  chance  of 
Cent.  Stock  of  arrears  dne  to  the  default  on  the  part  of  the  share- 
Royal  household ;  fourthly,  of  hav-  holders ,-  but,  iithej  did  not  pay, 
ing  converted  into  the  same  stock  the  railroad  became  the  property 
certain  cituma  of  an  individual  of  the  Goveniment  He  became  a 
named  Buschental,  no  value  having  principal  proprietor  of  shar^ 
been  given  by  Buschental,  Bala-  through  the  exertions  he  made  (o 
manca  knowing  the  fraudulent  expedite  the  work.  Instead  of 
natureofthetransacdon.  Lonzano  meriting  blame,  the  transaction 
Btatedthat,inlti44.Buschentaltook  redounded  to  his  honour  As  to 
acontracttofiimishaloanfor build-  the  Alicante  afftur,  he  had  merely 


^PiA»]                       HISTORY.  [8U 

applied  the  vnawtj  to  offmdors  of  and  then,  on  the  authority  of  man; 
a  certain  class,  in  compliance  with  "  nell-informed  persona  whom  he 
a  Rojal  order  to  that  effect  signed  knew,"  Fidal  stated  that,  of  fifty 
by  the  Mioister  of  Commerce.  miliione  paid  to  the  Royal  House- 
In  answer  to  the  third  charge,  hold,  twenty-five  had  entered  the 
he  said,  it  waa  true  that  the  law  of  pocketa  of  Salamanca,  though  ha 
February  prohibited  the  coQ^eraion  had  afterwards  returned  the 
of  arrears  of  pay  or  allonauce,  but  amount 

not  of  admnces  and  contracts.  The  Seiior     Salamanca     denounced 

aneois  of  the  Boyal  Household  this  new  charge  as  a  base  and 

came  under  the  head  of  contracts,  groundless  calumny.     He  said  he 

But    be   had   not  completed  the  abandoned  his  defence  against  the 

Gonveraion,  for    the    matter  was  accusation  from  that  moment,  and 

still  pending  in  GonKress.  called  for  a  solemn  jud^ent  upon 

To  the  uiurth  i^rge,  he  an-  his  conduct,  that  he  might  be  led 

Bwered,    that  the  allair  occurred  to  the  scaffold  if  he  merited  it,  or 

when    one  of  his   accusers   was  Fidal  as  a  calumniator.    This  was 

Prime  Minister.     The  Ministry  said  with  extreme  emotion,  and 

ihat  followed  disallowed  the  daim;  was    followed    by  applause   from 

but,  in  consequence   of  the  con-  many  of  the  Deputies    and  the 

tractor's  having  followed  up  his  public  in  the  galleries-    The  Pre- 

claims,  it  appeared  that  the  validity  sident  for  some  time  in  vain  tried 

of  the  contract  was  subsequently  to   restore    order;    but,  at   last, 

rect^nised.   At  a  time  when  there  Salamanca  recommenced,  when  he 

was  no  chance  of  hia  ever  becoming  suddenly  staggered,  and  after  mut- 

a  Uiniater,  part  of  the  bills  came  tering  a  few  words  about  "  calum- 

to  him  in  the  r^pilar  course  of  his  niator,  vile  calumny,"  he  fell  to 

banking  business,  went  from  him,  the  ground,    and    swooned  away, 

and  again  came  into  his  bands.  He  was  carried  out  of  the  Cham- 

Siuce  1845,  however,  they  bad  not  bers,  still  muttering    the    words 

been  in   Us  possession.      When  "  calumniator,  calumny,"  and  the 

other  parties  applied  for  their  con-  debate  was  a^oumed. 

version,  the  matter  was  referred  U>  OntheTth  of  January,  Espartero 

the  Council  of  Ministers,  and  the  arrived  in  Madrid,  and  was  received 

conversion  was   decided  on   at  a  by  the   populace   with   the   most 

time  when  he  was  not  present,  joyful  enthusiasm.    He  took  the 

For  the  truth  of  this  statement  he  oaths  and  his  seat  in  the  Senate 

i^pealed  to  his  former  collet^e,  on  the  18th. 

Benavides.  On  the  10th,  a  Committee  of 

In  this   statement    Salamanca  the    Chamber   of   Deputies   was 

was  supported  by  Seiior  Benavides  appointed  to  manage  the  impeach- 

and  Senor  Escosura.     Fidal  reite-  ment  of  Salamanca.     The  leenlt, 

rated   the  choraes,   and   alluded  however,   was   &vourable  to  the 

to  a  "  rumour  "  nirllier  inculpating  accused,  for  outof  the  seven  mem- 

the  late  Minister.    Escosura  called  bers  chosen  five  were  opposed  to 

upon  him  to  state  it  explicitly,  the  impeachment,  and  it  therefon 

Fidal  declined  to  do  so,  unless  he  fell  to  the  ground, 

were  called  upon  by  Salamanca  As  though  there  were  not  already 

himself.     Salamanca  immediately  sufficient  sources  of   disquietude 

challenged  him  to  speak  openly;  and  alarm,  in  respect  of  the  chances 


312]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Sp<^»- 

that  England  might  find  herself  the  Bj«t«m  followed  hy  it  is  not 

engaged  in  a  continental  war  dur-  in  harmony  with  the  ^^rol  sys- 

ing  the  present  year,  Lord   Pal-  tern  of  the  country.     The  Queen 

mereton  Qiooght  fit  to  involve  this  of  Spain  would  set  wisely  in  the 

country  in   an  unseemly  quarrel  present  critical  state  of  aAura,  if 

with  Spain,  which,  though  it  only  she  were  to  strengthen  her  Eze- 

led  to  the  cessstjon  of  diplomatic  cutive  Government,  by  widening 

iutercourse,  was  most  ill-limed  and  the  bases  on  which  the  Adminis- 

unfortonate.     For,  by  an  act  of  tration  rept^es,  and  in  caUing  to 

meddling  int«rfereuce,  he  exposed  her  councils  some  of  the  men  in 

himself  to  a  sharp  and  well-merited  whom   the    Liberal   party  places 

rebuke  from  the  Spanish  Govern-  confidence." 

ment,  which  certainly  showed  both  A  copy  of  this  officious  epistle 
spirit  and  dignity  in  resenting  the  vrascommunicatedbySirH.Bulwer 
afiront  which  the  British  Minister  to  the  Doc  de  Sotomayor,  accom- 
seems  to  have  thought  it  would  panied  by  some  remarks  of  his 
quietly  digest.  It  is  no  part  of  own ;  and  the  Spanish  Minister 
the  duty  of  England  to  dictate  a  lost  no  time  in  replying  in  a  stnun 
course  of  internal  and  domestic  of  just  severity. 
policy  to  foreign  States ;  and  it  is  After  complaining  that  the  sub- 
perhaps  a  subject  of  congratulation  stance  of  Lord  Palmerston's  note 
that  in  this  instance  the  attempt  had  already  appeared  in  print  in 
was  treated  aa  impertinent,  and  one  of  the  Opposition  joumab  be- 
repelled  with  scorn.  The  lesson  fore  it  bad  been  made  known  to 
will  perhaps  be  not  without  ita  the  Spanish  Government,  the  Duo 
use,  though  the  result  was  some-  de  Sotomayor  thus  proceeded :  — 
what  hnmiliating  to  out  national  "At  the  date  of  16th  of  March 
pride.  last,  when  Lord  Palmemton  sent 

On   the    lOth   of  March  Lord  you    his    despatch,   the    Spanish 

Falmerston  wrote  to   Sir  Henry  Cortes  were  sitting,  the  press  was 

Lytton  Bulwer,  our  representative  completely  free,  and  the  Govem- 

at  Madrid,  the  following  letter:  —  ment  of  Her  Mi^jesty  had  adopted 

"  Sir, — I  have  to  recommend  you  a  line  of  conduct  full  of  kindness 
to  advise  the  Spanish  Government  and  conciliation,  which  its  ene- 
to  adopt  a  legal  and  constitutional  mies  and  its  adversaries  them- 
systom.  The  recent  downfiil  of  selves  were  compelled  to  admit, 
the  King  of  the  French  and  of  his  What  motive  could,  therefore,  in- 
family,  and  the  expulsion  of  bis  duce  the  Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 
Minislers,  ought  to  indicate  to  the  fairs  of  Her  Britannic  M^esty  to 
Spanish  Court  and  Govemment  make  himself  the  interpreter  of 
the  danger  to  which  they  expose  the  feelings  and  the  opinions  of 
themselves  in  endeavouring  to  go-  thia  country,  and  that  in  an  un- 
vem  a  countiy  in  a  manner  o^  fitting  tone,  when  speaking  of  the 
posed  to  the  sentiments  and  opi-  Government  of  an  independent 
nions  of  the  nation ;  and  the  cata-  nation,  to  recommend  the  adop- 
etrophe  which  bos  just  occurred  in  tion  of  legal  and  constitutional 
France  is  sufficient  to  show  that  measuree,  as  if  such  vrss  not  the 
even  a  numerous  and  well-dieci-  conduct  followed  in  Spain?  to 
ptined  army  offers  only  on  insuffi-  allow  himself  to  advise  it  to  mo- 
cient  defence  to  the  Crown,  when  dify  the  bases  of  the  Administro- 


Si»i"l                      HISTORY.  [313 

tioD,  and  h)  admit  into  the  coundla  administratiTe  acts  of  the  British 
of  ike  Crown  men  belonging  to  Cabinet,  and  Fecommend  a  modi- 
Buch  or  Bucb  a  political  opinion  ?  flcatioEt  in  the  riyimt  of  the  State? 
Certainly  the  Uinister  of  Her  Bri-  or,  if  it  were  to  adrise  it  to  adopt 
tannic  Mfuestj  is  not  in  such  a  more  efficacious  or  more  hberal 
worit  the  beat  poBsiblo  judge  of  measures  to  alleyiate  the  frightful 
the  character  and  habits  of  Spaiu,  condition  of  Ireland  ?  What  would 
where  order  and  inatitalions  are  he  say  if  the  representative  of  Her 
growing  up,  since  foreigners  take  Catholic  Majesty  in  London  were 
□0  active  part  in  the  management  to  qualify  so  harshly  as  your  Ex< 
of  public  afbirs,  and  have  to  sup-  cellency  has  done  the  exceptional 
port  no  determinate  part.  The  measures  of  repression  which  the 
presentCabinet,  which  hasmeiited,  English  Government  prepares 
and  which  still  merits,  the  entire  against  the  i^greesion  which 
confidence  of  the  Queen  and  the  threatens  it  in  the  midst  of  its 
Cortefl.sndwbichsinceitsaccesaioQ  own  States?  Whatwouldhe  say 
to  power  has  goveibed  conformably  if  the  Spanish  Government  were 
to  the  constitntion  and  to  the  laws  to  demand,  in  the  name  of  bn- 
— fbis  Cabinet,  I  say.  cannot  see  manity,  more  consideration  and 
without  the  moat  extreme  surprise  more  justice  on  behalf  of  the  nn- 
the  extraordinary  pretension  of  fortunate  people  of  Asia?  What, 
Lord  Palmerston,  which  leads  him  in  fine,  would  he  say,  if  we  were 
to  interfere  in  this  manner  with  to  remind  him  that  the  late  events 
the  internal  afiairs  of  Spain,  and  on  the  continent  gave  a  salutary 
to  support  bimself  on  inexact  and  lesson  to  all  Governments  without 
equivocal  dates,  and  the  qualifica-  excepting  Great  Britain,  and  that 
tion  and  appreciation  of  which  can-  consequentiy  the  administration  of 
not  in  any  case  come  within  his  the  State  should  be  given  up  to  the 
province.  The  Oovemment  would  illustrious  Feel,  to  the  skilful  man, 
have  much  to  say  to  completely  who,  lU^r  having  conciliated  the 
justify  its  past  and  present  con-  general  opinion  of  bis  country,  has 
duct;  but  it  does  not  consider  known  how  to  merit  the  sympa- 
itself  called  on  to  do  it  with  regard  thiee  and  the  esteem  of  all  the 
to  its  Sovereign  and  the  Cortes,  Govemmenta  of  Europe?  He 
and  in  no  way  at  the  instigation  of  would  say,  what  tlie  Spanish  Go- 
a  foreign  influence,  which  in  itself  vemment  has  a  right  now  to  say, 
would  bs  to  commit  an  offence  that  be  does  not  recc^nise  the 
against  the  dignity  of  the  Govern'  right  of  any  Power  to  offer  observ- 
ment  and  the  independence  of  the  ations,  which  he  rejects  asoffensive 
nation.  All  the  l^^l  parties  in  to  the  dignity  of  a  free  and  inde- 
Spain  luunimoosly  ngect  such  a  pendent  nation.  Animated  by  sen- 
fannuliating  pretension;  and  the  timentssuitable  to  Spanish  dignity 
Spanish  Government,  in  now  doing  and  to  eveir  Government  which 
it,  is  nndoubtedly  the  legitimate  respects  itself,  the  Cabinet  of  Her 
representative  of  the  general  opi-  Catholic  Majesty  cannot  avoid  pro- 
luon  of  the  country.  What  woidd  testing  in  the  most  energetic  man- 
Lord  Palmerston,  what  would  your  ner  against  the  contents  of  the 
Excellency  yourself  say,  if  the  despatches  of  Lord  Palmerston 
Spanish  Government  were  to  in-  and  of  your  Excellency  \  and,  con- 
terfere  and  pass  an  opinion  on  the  sidering  that  it  cannot  retain  them 


814]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [*„.. 

without  being  wanting  in  digni^,  "  In  diis  state  of  things  your 
it  returns  them  incloaed,  and  at  remaining  at  Madrid  ia  oonsidered 
the  same  time  declares  that  if  jour  in  this  country,  doubtlessly  without 
Excellency  should  at  any  other  foundatioo,  aa  a  proof  of  the  weak- 
time,  in  your  oEBcial  communics-  neas  of  the  GoTemment,  and,  if 
tiona  on  pointa  of  international  this  opinion  should  gain  strength, 
ri^ts,  go  beyond  the  bounds  of  it  might  occasloa  soioe  confliot, 
your  mission,  and  interfere  in  the  which  it  is  indispensablo  to  avoid 
particular  and  private  afbirs  of  the  at  any  cost. 
Spanish  OovemmoDt,  I  shall  con-  "  For  these  reasons,  which  tha 
aider  myself  under  the  painful  ne-  loyalty  of  the  British  people  and 
oeesityofretnmingyourdespatchee  ita  Government  cannot  otherwise 
without  further  remark."  than  i^tpreciote  at  their  true  value, 

Some    further    correspondence  Her  M^eaty's  Gaveronieut   haa 

took  place,  and  the  result  was  that  resolved  to  put  an  end  to  all  these 

on  the  19tli  of  May  Sir  Henry  L.  fatal  contingeociea,   by  tranamib- 

Bulwer  received  his  passports,  ao-  ting  you  your  transporta,  and  re- 

cempanied  with  a  peremptory  no-  questing  you,  within  the  term  of 

tice  to  quit  the  kingdom  within  forty-eight  hours,  or  sooner  if  ^oa- 

forty-eight hours.    Mr.  Otway.the  eible,toquitthiscapital,forGiiicum- 

prindpal    attackS,    remained    to  slaucea  are  urgent,  and  there  would 

transact  the  business  of  the  £m>  be  much  to  lament  if  this  took  place 

faaasy.    The  oatensible  reason  as-  too  late." 

^gned  for  the  etrong  step  of  thus  A  cessation  of  diplouatio  intw- 

nnceremoniously    dismissing    our  course  between  the  two  countries 

representative  at  the  Court  of  Mar  was  the  result,  and  this   lasted 

drid  was,  that  Sir  H.  L.  Bulwer  had  tiironghout  the  entire  y«r. 

been  secretly  engaged    in   some  On  the  morning  of  Sunday,  the 

plots    which   had     been    formed  7th  of  May,  a  formidable  militaiy 

against    the    Qovemmenl;     but  disturbance   oceurred  at  Madrid, 

there  is  no  doubt  that  the  real  the  object  of  which  seems  to  have 

cause  was  the  offence  he  had  given  been  to  effect  a  change  of  Minis- 

in    acting  as   Lord   Falmerston's  try.     Six  hundred  men  of  the  in- 

mouth-piece,  and  volunteering  to  fontry  regiment  of  Espana  quitted 

teach  the   Spanish  Miuiatty  the  their  bamcks  under  Ibe  oommaod 

doctrine  of  constitutional  govern-  of  their  sei^eaots,  and,  vrith  co- 

ment.     The  letter  from  the  Due  lours  flying,  marched  to  the  Flosa- 

de  Sotomayor  to  Sir  H.  L.  Bulwer,  Mayor,  where  they  occupied  the 

announcing  his  dismissal  from  the  line  of  hooses  forming  the  north 

kingdom,  contained  the  following  side  of  the  square,  and  where  they 

passages: —  were  joined  by  a  few  citizeoa.   Ge- 

"Your  conduct,  in  the  execn-  neral    Narvaez,  accompanied   by 

tion  of  your  important  mission,  has  the   Captain-General   of    Madrid, 

been  reprobated  by  public  opinion  and  by  Generals  Figaeras,  Cor- 

in  England,  censured  by  the  Bri-  dova,  and  Concha,  proceeded  to  the 

tish  press,  and  condemned  in  the  scene  of   insurrection,   and  com- 

British  Parliament    Her  Catholic  manded  an  overwhelming  force  of 

Mf^eaty's  Government  canoot  de-  infantry  and  artillery  to  fire  upon 

fend  it  when  that  of  Her  Britannic  the  insu^enta.    After  a  sharp  oon- 

M^esty  haa  not  done  so.  fiict,  the  latter,  finding'  that  the^ 


*«i«.]                     HISTORY.  [315 

wen  not  supported,  Burrendered,  reel  of  tlie  year  to  keep  ap  a 

with  tbe  exceptioD  of  abont  one-  desultorj  wariare,   and    in    aome 

tbird  of  them,  vbo  succeeded  in  engagements  gained  oonsidenble 

escaping.    A  court-martial  was  im-  advantages  over  the  Ooveminent 

mediately  held,  which  in  tbe  coarse  troops  sent  to  oppose  him.    No 

ef  Uie  day  condemned  seventoen  ci-  event,    however,   of  decisive  im- 

vili&ns  and  seventeen  soldiers  to  be  portance  occurred,  and  the  state  of 

shot.  the  rest  of  Europe  was  too  critical 

At  tbe  end    of   June  a  fresh  to  admit  of  much  interest  being 

Carlist  insurrection  broke  out  in  felt  in  the  operations  of  the  Carlist 

SpsiD,  which  muntained  its  ground  chief 
with  Tarying  and  doubtful  auocesa 

tbrongbout  the  rest  of  the  year.  PORTUGAL.—The  affidis  of 

It  commenced  in  the  Noruiem  Portugal  this    year,    from   their 

provinces,    and   was   beaded    by  almost  stf^nont  trttnqaillity,  pre- 

Oabrers,  Blio,  Gomes,  and  othere.  sent  a  happy  contrast  to  tjiose  of 

Tbe  first  of  these  chiefs  issued  a  most    of    the    other    continental 

proclamation,  in  which  he  said: —  States,   and  tbe  annalist  has  no- 

"An  avaricious,  false,  and  cor^  thing  to  record  of  more  inteT«et 

mpt  prince,  taking  advantage  of  than  is  contained  in   tbe  vague 

our  divisioDS,   in  concert  with  a  generalities  of  a  Boyal   Speech, 

degraded  princess,  made  an  c^ject  At   tbe   close   of   last   year  the 

ofspeoulationoftheOatholicthrone  HinisUy  resigned,  and  a  new  one 

<rftiieAlfon808and  the  Ferdinands,  was  constituted,  having  for  its  Fio- 

A    matrimonial   combination   was  sident  the  Due  de  Saloanha. 

schemed  in  the  darkness  of  night;  Hiacolleagues  were,  for  the  Inte- 

and  the  eonsequenoe  of  this  ooin>  rior,  Bernardo  Oorgso  Henriquez. 

bination  is,  that  the  crown  tint  Finance, — Joaquim  Jos6  Faleao. 

enrpasses  in  splendonr  eveiy  crown  Marine, — Agostlno  Albano   do 

in  tbe  world  may  pass  from  tbe  Silveira  Pinto, 

brow  of  women,  who  wear  it  with-  Justice,  —  Joaqoim     Joa£     de 

out  right,  to  that  of  a  stranger,  Queiros. 

vrithoot  oonsideration,    value,    or  At  the  opening  of  the  Cortes,  on 

Ijtte.     France,  already  ashamed  of  tbe  9nd  of  January,  the  Queen 

having  at  ber  head  the  antbor  of  so  addressed  the  Peers  and  Deputies 

Tile  a  plot,  bae  eipelled  him  from  of  tbe  Portuguese  nation  as  fol- 

her    soil :     while    we    Spaniards,  lows  ;— 

looked  upon  as  a  people  so  proud,  "With  tbe  greatest  satJsfiwtion 

keep  amongst  us  at  tbe  summit  of  I  see  you  to-day  reunited  around 

power  the  author  of  this  plot,  and  my  Throne,  to  occupy  yourselves 

all  ber  accomplices,  more  dian  ever  vrith  the  important  meaaures  which 

ready  to  profit  by  the  fimit  of  tbeir  the  iulereste  of  our  country  claim 

vile  bargain."  from  the  legislative  body. 

He  then  proceeded  to  summon  "After     die     violent    polidcol 

all  Spaniards  to  tbe  flag  of  Carlos  troubles  which  for  the  last  two 

Louis   de    Bourbon,  and    invited  years  had  shaken  the  couatry,  your 

tbemtojoinbimintheBamevalleys  reunion  in  this  place  is  a  secnre 

and  fields  that  witnessed  bis  and  proof  that  divine  Providence  deigns 

tbeir  former  exploits.  still   to  think  of  this  brave  and 

Cabrera  woe  able  throughout  the  fiutbful  nation. 


316]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.       [Port^gat. 

"  Public  Bud  private  calamitiea,  Spain,  England,  and  France,  such 

a  naceBBoiT  efiect  of  civil  wars,  poweiiliil    asaiBtance   aa  aided  in 

have  for  a  long  period  afflicted  all  tlie  more  speedy  termitiation  of 

olasaea  of  tiie  State,  and  have  in-  the  war  which  desolated  the  oonn' 

jured  or  mined  establisbments  of  try. 

every  kind.      I  confide  in  yottr  "  By  the  reepeotive  Ministers 

wisdom  and  patriorism    that  you  will  be  preaented  the  atate  of  the 

will  at  once  occupy  yourself  with  public   revenue  and   a  budget  of 

the  necesaary  steps  for  ameliorating  the  receipt  and  expenaes  for  the 

auch  evils.  coming  economic  year,   with  the 

"  The  Goveramenta  of  Spain,  estimatee  necessaiy  to  provide  for 

England,  and  France  concluded  the  ordinary  and  extraordinary  ex- 

witb  my  Government  a  convention,  pensea  of  the  State, 

which  was  signed  in  London  on  the  "  I  trust  you  will  examine  this 

Slst  of  May  last  year,  for  the  pur-  important  subject  with   the  care 

pose  of  putting  an  end  to  the  civil  which  it  demands,  and  that  you 

vrar.  will   enable   my    Government    to 

"  As  all  Parliamentry  labours  comply  with  the  obligations  whioli 

were  interrupted  for  a  time,  ex-  weigh  upon  it. 

traordinary  measures  were  neces-  "  Most  cordially  do  I  congr»- 

sarily    adopted     by    the     several  tulate  you  on  the  termination  of 

Ministers.     My  Government  will  the  public  disturbances  whidi  fbr 

give  a  full  account  of  all  those  so  long  a  time  have  so  profoundly 

measures,  in  order  that  they  may  afflicted  the  country.     I  entertain 

be  duly  examined  by  the  legis-  the  most  lively  desire  that  tha 

lative  corpe.  horizon  of  our  counttr  will  an- 

"  During  the  critical  situation  nounce  the  splendour  of  a  new  era, 

in  which  the  kingdom  was  placed,  and  that  we  shall  ^sin  have  peace, 

the  guarantees  secured  by  article  order,  and  the  union  of  the  Fortu> 

145  of  the  Constitutional  Charter  guese   family.     May  yoor  lights, 

were  necessarily  eu^nded ;   my  your  seal,  and   your   patriotism. 

Ministers  will  explain  to  you  the  provide  wise  and  useful  measures. 

use  that  was  mode  of  that  suspen-  This  is  the  important  object  which 

aion,  in  order  that  you  may  de-  the   nation  confides   to  you,  and 

liberate  upon  it  in  such  manner,  such  are  the  inmost  and  wannest 

most  convenient  and  just  to  yon,  wishes  of  my  sold." 

OS  you  may  desire.  At  the  end  of  March  a  modi- 

"  I  have  much  satisfaction  in  Hcation  of  the  Cabinet  took  place, 

announcing  that  the  Most  High  which  was    reconstructed  as   fol- 

has  deigned  to  &vaur  my  bmily,  lows :  — 

and  blessed  me  with  two  Princes —  Home  Department, — The  Due  de 

the  Infantes  Dom '  Fernando  and  Saldanha,     President    of    the 

Dom  Augusto.  Council. 

"  I  continue  to  receive  from  the  Foreign  AfGurs, — M.   Gomes  de 

allied  Sovereigns  the  moat  positive  Castro. 

assurances   of    friendship.     Espe-  Justice, — M.  Joao  Elias. 

cally  it  is  fitting   that   I    should  Finance, — M.  Falcao. 

mention   to  you,  that,    in  conse-  War, — Baron  de  Francos. 

quence  of  the  late  unhappy  events.  Marine, — Baron  de  Ourem. 

I  received  from  the  Sovereigns  of  The  Cortes  was  closed  by  thA 

.  .  .,;lc 


Sardinia.]                        HISTORY.  [317 

Queen  in  person  on  tbe  15th  of  "Prepared  in  tranquillity,  tbe 

August,  and  ahe  thua  alluded  to  political    inatitotionB   wbich   vill 

the  fortunate  exemption  of  For-  lorm  tbe  completion  of  the  refomu 

ttigal  &om  the  reTolutionary  Btonns  which  we  have  already  efEected  are 

which  were  ODUVulsiug  the  other  being  matured  in  our  council,  and 

Continental  DBtione : —  will  couBolidate   the  benefit  in  & 

"  In  the  midst  of  the  eztraor-  manner  conformable  with  the  state 
dinary  politicaJ  occurreocee  which  of  the  country, 
hare  taxen  place  in  Europe  during  "  But  for  the  present  we  have 
your  Parliamentaiy  functions,  I  feel  much  pleasure  in  deokring  that, 
the  greatest  aatisfootion  in  inform-  with  the  advice  and  approval  of 
ing  you  that  public  tranquillity  has  our  Minieteiv  and  the  principal 
not  been,  in  the  slightest  degree,  advisers  of  our  Orown,  we  have  re- 
disturbed  in  this  country,  nor  has  solved  and  determined  to  adopt 
my  Government  been  under  the  the  following  bases  of  a  fundameo- 
neceesitf  of  recurring  to  extra-  tal  statute  for  the  establishment 
ordinary  meosnres,  or  to  the  in-  in  our  states  of  a  complete  system 
fringement  of  any  of  the  cousti-  of  representative  GovenimenL 
tutional  forms — thanks  to  the  good  "Art  I.  The  Catholic,  apostolic, 
sense  of  the  people  and  to  your  and  Roman  religion  is  the  sole  re- 
efiGcacions  co-operation."  ligion  of  the  state. 

"The  other   forma   of   public 

SARDINIA.— On   the  8th  of  worship  at  present  esiating  are 

Febmaiy  the   King  of   Sardinia  tolerated  in  conformity  wit£  the 

Eimulgated  a  new  constitution  to  laws, 

subjects,   which    consisted  of  "Art.  3.  The     person    of    the 

fburteen  articles,  prefaced  by  some  Sovereign  is  sacred  and  inviolable. 

BJgnificant  allusions  to   the  slate  Hia  ministere  are  respouBible. 

of  Italy.    Tbe  style  of  the  Hoyal  "Art.  S.  To  the  Kiog  alone ^ 

gnmtor  was  thus  described.  pertains  the  execatJTe  power.    He 

"  Charles  Albert,  by  tbe  grace  is  the  snpreme  head  of  the  State, 

of  God  King  of  Sardinia,  Cyprus,  He  commands  all  the  forces,  both 

and  Jerusalem,  Duke  of  Savoy,  naval  and  military ;  declares  war, 

Genoa,  Uontferrato,  Ac.,  Prince  of  concludes  treaties  of  peace.alliance. 

Piedmont  and  Oneglia,  Marquis  and  commerce;  nominates  to  all 

of  Italy,  &c..  Count  of  Moriana,  offices,  and  gives  all  the  necessary 

Genera,  Nice,  Ac.,  Baron  of  Yaud  orders  for  the  execution  of  the 

and    Fandgny,    Lord    of    Ver-  laws  without  suspending  or  dis- 

celli,"  &o.  pensing    with     the     oMerrance 

After  a  short  preamble  the  doou-  thereof 

ment  proceeded  as  follows : —  "  Art.  4.  The  King  alone  sane- 

"  Mow,  therefore,  that  the  timee  tiona  and  promulgates  the  laws, 

are  ripe  for  greater  things,  and,  in  "  Art.  5.  All  justice   emanates 

the  midst  of  the  changes  which  from  the  King,  and  is  administered 

have  occurred  in  Italy,  we  hesitate  in  his  name.    He  may  grant  mercy 

no  longer  to  give  our  people  the  and  commute  punishment, 

most  solemn  proof  that  we  are  able  "  Art.  6.    The  legislative  power 

to  give  of  the  faith  which  we  con-  will  be  collectively  exercised  by  the 

tione  to  repose  in  their  devotion  King  and  by  two  ChanberB. 

and  discretion.  "Art.  7.   The  first   of  these 


BIS]           ANNUAL    REGISTBR,    1848.  [tt^. 

Clumbers  m\l   he    compoeed  of  rences  that  took  pUoe  In  Lorn- 

Members  nominBted  br  the  King  banlf,  to  which  we  moat  now  turn 

for  life ;  the  eaoond  will  be  elect-  our  attention. 

ire,  on  tlie  baas  of  the  eensns  to 

be  dateimined.  ITALY. — War  in   Lombardy. 

"  Art.  6.  The  propossl  of  laws  We  mentioned  in  our  last  voluate 

wiU  appertain  to  the  King  and  to  that,  in  order  to  injure  the  ret enue 

each  of  the  Chambers,  but  with  of  Austria,  the  disafiected  inhabit- 

the  distinct  understanding  that  all  ants  of  Lombardy,  and  eepeciallf 

lawB   impoBing  taxes  must   oiigi-  of  Milan,  had  resolved  to  give  up 

itate  in  the  dective  Chamber.  the  use  of  tobacco,  and,  in  conae- 

"ArL  9.   The  King  ooavokaa  qnence  of  this,  sinokiiig  was  dis- 

tbe  two  Chambers  annoallT,  pro-  oountenaaced  by  them  as  much  as 

rogues   their  sessions,  and   may  possible.  Ludicrous  as  it  mayseem, 

disaolve  the  elective  one;  but  in  cigars  thus  assumed  a  political  im- 

tbis  ease  he  will  convoke  a  new  portance,  and  became  a  test  of  the 

assembly  at  the  expiration  of  four  feeliaga  of  the  popiUatioD.     At  the 

months.  beginning  of  the  present  year,  the 

"Art  10.  No  tax  may  be  im-  Austrian  authorities  resolved    to 

posed  or  levied  if  tiot  assented  to  bring  the   tobacco  question  to  a 

by  the  Chambers  and  sanctioned  more  decisive  issue ;  and  early  on 

l^  the  King.  the  moraincr  of  the  3rd  of  January 

"  Art.  1 1.   The  press  will  be  a  stuiply  of  cigars  was  flirni^ed 

free,   but   aidyect   to    repressive  to    iJm    soldiers   in    bamtcks   at 

laws.  Milan,  in.  order  that  they  might 

"  Art.  li.  Individual  liberty  will  smoke  them  in  the  abreets.     Thv 

be  guaranteed.  gave  great  offence  to  the  populace, 

"  Art  13.  The  judges,  with  tfae  and,  as  might  be  expected,  in  the 
txoeption  of  those  of  maitdavwnlo,  course  of  the  day  Sequent  col- 
will  be  irremonble.  after  having  lisions  took  place  between  them 
exercised  their  fiiaotioBS  for  a  cer-  and  the  militaiy.  The  latter  drew 
tain  space  of  time,  to  be  hereafter  their  swords,  and  used  them  with 
determined.  fiUal  effect,  bd  that  a  great  number 

"  Art.  14.  We  reserve  to  our-  of  persons  were  carnal  to  the  hos- 
selves  the  power  of  establishing  a  pitals  severely  wounded,  and  some 
disbiot  tniUtia  (una  militia  comu-  of  them  afterwards  died.  At 
nab),  composed  of  persons  who  Pavia  also  a  quarrel  about  cigar- 
may  pay  a  rate,  which  will  be  fixed  smoking  resulted  in  a  fatal 
npon  hereafter.  This  militia  will  struggle  between  the  students  and 
be  placed  under  the  command  of  the  soldiers,  and  the  feeling  ot  ex- 
the  adminiBtntivo  authori^,  and  asperation  became  such  that  it  was 
in  dependence  on  the  Minister  of  evident  that  o^Kirtuiu^  alone  was 
the  Tnteriw.  wanting  to  oonvert  it  into  a  gene- 

"  The  King  will  have  the  power  ral  revolt 

of  suspending  or  dissolving  it  in  On  the  16th  of  Jabuary  Marshal 

places  where  ne  may  deem  it  op-  Badetzky,  wbo  was  Commandei-iit- 

portuoe  so  to  do."  Chief  of  the  Austrian  forces  ia 

The  history  of  Sardiuia  during  Italy,  issned,  from  Milan,  a  gene- 

the  rest  of  the  year  is  inseparably  ral   order   to   his   troops,  wbioh 

connected  with  that  of  the  occur-  plainly  told  them  to  piepnra  for 


Iwiy.]     '                    HISTORY.  [319 

the  rtriiggle  that  was  approacliing.  tte  feeling  of  hi^d  against  ttrt 

He  aaid :  "  The  efforts  of  fimatica  latter  waa  the  most  intense, 

and  a  false  spirit  of  inooration  Before,  however,  proceeding  to 

will    be    shivered    gainst    jour  open  hoaitihties,  theUilanese  de- 

oonrage   and    fidelitj   like    glass  manded — 1,  Tbesnppressicnirfthe 

striking  against  a  rock.    My  hand  oldpolice,  and  the  eau^Iishmentaf 

BliU  finnlj  holds  this  sworj,  that  anewoorps,  under  the  orders  of  the 

dnring  aixty-five  jean  I  hare  car-  Uunkip^tj ;  S,  The  abolition  of 

ried  with  honour  upon  so  manj  the  laws  regarding  state  offences, 

fields  of  battle.     T  still  know  how  and  the  immediate  liberatjon  of 

to  use  it^  to  protect  the  peace  of  a  the  political  pcisoneta;  8,  A  pro- 

eoQOtry,  only  lately  so  happy,  and  visional  regency  of  the  kingdom  ; 

which  a  fhnoos  faction  threatens  4,  Liberty  of  the  press ;    ft.  The 

to    precipitate    into    incalculable  convocation  of  the   district  coon- 

mieery."  cils  for  the  purpose  of  electing  a 

Early  in  February  a  letter  was  National  Assembly ;  6,  The  instj- 
made  public,  addressed  by  the  Em-  tution  of  a  Oivic  Ouard  under  the 
peror  to  Archduke  Bimier,  the  orders  of  the  Municipality. 
Viceroy  of  Lombardy,  in  which  he  A  crowd  assembled  before  the 
said  that  he  had  already  done  for  Government  House,  and,  beooming 
the  Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom  tumnltuous,  the  soldiers  on  duty 
all  that  the  Viceroy  had  deemed  fired  a  blank  volley.  A  boy,  only 
necessary  to  satisfy  the  wants  and  sixteen  years  of  age,  then  drew  ont 
wiriies  of  the  different  provinces,  a  pistol,  and  shouting  Viva  I'ltaHa, 
and  that  he  was  not  disposed  to  discharged  it  at  the  troops,  The 
make  any  further  concessions.  He  mob  rushed  forward  and  over- 
added,  that  he  relied  upon  the  powered  the  guard ;  the  Vice-Oo- 
ooutage  and  loyalty  of  hia  troops  vemor  O'Donnell  was  made  pri- 
if  scenes  again  occurred  similar  to  soner,  and  the  tricolour  flag  waa 
those  which  had  recently  taken  hoisted  on  the  palace  of  the  Go- 
place  at  Milan.  verament    This  happened  on  the 

The  news  of  the  French  RotO-  nth  of  March, 

lution  acted  like  aa  electric  shock  On  the  following  day,  the  sonnd 

upon  Italy,  and  the  time  seemed  of  the  tocsin  pealed  irom  all  the 

now  to  have  arrived  when  the  Lom-  churches,  and  bamcadee,  those  for- 

bardo- Venetian  kingdom  would  rne  midable  signals  of  modem  insur- 

and  nuke  a  bdd  attempt  to  throw  rection,  were  everywhere  raised  in 

ofi'  the  Auatrian  yoke.   No  events,  the  streets.    Next  day  (Sunday  the 

however,  of  importance  immedi-  19th)  firing  commenced,  and  was 

ately  tocA  place--and  it  was  not  kept  up  on  both  sides  with  greet 

mtU  the  state  of  afDiin  at  Vienna,  spiriL     The   following  day,   the 

an  BCRNint  of  which  will  be  found  Austrian   cannon    swept   several 

in  a  Bobaeqaent  part  of  our  rohime,  streets,  but  the  Milanese,  although 

had  thrown  the  Austriau  govern-  withoutarms,  got  the  advantage  on 

ment  into  di£B»1ty  and  oonmsioD,  manypointa,  an d fought eveiTwhere 

that  a  blow  for  what  was  called  with  great  courage.    The  city  being 

Italian  independence  was  struck,  threatened  with  a  bombainmsnt, 

The  etni^le  commenced  at  Milan,  the  French  Consul  called  together 

where,   notwitiastanding   the    old  the  other  consuls,  and  requested 

bereditaiy  oonnection  between  that  them  to  sign'a  protest,  which  he  sent 

territory  and  the  House  (tf  Austria,  to  Marsha  Badetzky  in  the  even- 


320]           ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  W^- 

fng.  During  tliie  tune  the  people  Lombardo-Venetiaii  kingdom  to 
had  takeD  possession  of  the  palace  insurrection  and  to  the  formation 
of  the  Viceroy  and  of  the  cathedral,  of  National  Guards, 
on  the  top  of  which  floated  an  During  the  early  part  of  the 
immense  Italian  tricoloured  flag.  28rd,  the  comhet  was  sustained 
The  oCBces  of  the  Director-Genenil  with  vigour  at  the  Tosa  and  Romana 
of  the  Police  had  also  fiillen  into  gates.  The  cannon  thundered  on 
the  hanik  of  the  people,  who  pil-  that  side,  and  on  the  side  of  the 
laged  them  from  top  to  bottom,  citadel.  But  in  a  short  time  the 
ThefamilyoftbeDirector-General,  Toaa  gal«  and  the  gate  of  Gomo 
Torresauo,  and  Count  Bolza,  who  were  taken  by  the  armed  peasants, 
was  most  unpopular  at  Milan,  who  had  just  arrired  from  Leeco. 
hatring  been  found  in  that  hotel,  The  citadel  was  soon  afterwards 
were  conveyed  as  hostages  to  the  eractiated,  and  the  Anstiian  troops 
Palazzo  Borromeo.  The  only  place  retired  in  two  columns  on  Verona 
which  remained  in  the  possession  and  Mantua, 
of  the  troops  was  the  bot«l  of  the  Marshal  Radetzky  announced 
military  Commandant-General,  be-  the  cause  of  this  reverse  in  the 
fore  which  all  the  efforts  of  the  following  brief  proclamation : — 
people  failed,  in  face  of  a  terrible 
cannonade.  In  the  course  of  the  "  ooldiert, 
night  of  the  SSad  that  hotel  was  "  The  treachery  of  our  allies. 
evacuated,  and  the  troops  remained  the  fury  of  an  enraged  people, 
masters  of  only  the  gates  of  the  and  the  sc&roity  of  provisions 
city.  On  the  morning  of  the  3Srd,  oblige  me  to  abuidon  this  city  of 
the  people,  seconded  by  the  inha-  Milan,  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
bitantsoftheneighbouringcountry,  position  on  another  line,  from 
attacked  the  gates,  but  a  formid-  which,  at  yonr  bead,  I  can  retam 
able  artillery  repulsed  for  a  time  to  victory." 
all  their  efTorta.  Neverthelesa,  the  The  Msrehal  retired  to  Crema, 
walls  were  scaled  by  emissaries,  where  he  determined  to  concentrate 
who  informed  the  Milanese  that  his  force  and  establish  a  new  base 
Favia  and  Brescia  were  in  open  of  operations  and  resources.  On 
inaurreotion,  and  that  the  Arch-  the  96th  he  published  an  order  of 
duke,  the  son  of  the  Viceroy,  had  the  day,  in  which  he  stated,  "  The 
been  taken  prisoner.  By  means  of  severest  discipline  shall  be  main- 
small  balloons,  which  were  sent  tained,  but  whoever  is  caught  with 
up  from  the  battlements,  and  which  anna  in  his  hands  shall  be  handed 
fell  into  the  fields,  proclamations  over  to  a  military  oommiasion,  and 
were  spread  inviting  the  popu-  if  convicted  of  rebellion  shall  be 
laceof  the  neighbourhood  of  Milan  immediately  shot."  At  the  same 
to  take  arms  and  to  come  to  the  time  the  Provisional  Government 
aid  of  the  city.  The  proclamations  at  Milan  issued  an  energetic  pro- 
also  advised  the  public  to  destroy  clamadon  calling  upon  all  Italians 
all  the  bridges  on  the  roads  to  Ve-  to  join  in  the  contest  that  had  com- 
rona,  Mantua,  and  other  points,  in  menced.  They  said : — 
order  to  prevent  the  arrival  of  re- 

inforoements  of  artillery,  which  it  ^«"«r  CUuent,— 

was  probable   that  Marshal    Ea-  "We  have  conquered.  We  have 

detzkv  would  demand.     They  es-  compelled  the  enemy  to  fly,  op- 

hortea  all  the  communes  of  the  pre«ed  by  his  own  slume  as  mooh 


iWy]                        HISTORY.  [321 

as  hy  oar  taIdut  ;  but  scftttored  in  paign  th&t  followed  there  wne  a 

our   fields — wandering   like  wild  want  of  that  cordial  co-operation 

beasts — nnited  in  bands  of  plan-  which  could  alone  have  given  the 

dereiB,  he  prolongs  for  us  all  the  insui^ents  the  slightest  chance  of 

horrors  of  war  without  affording  SQCcesa  against  the  annies  of  Ans- 

anyof  its  sublime  emotions.    This  tria. 

tni^es  it  easily  to  be  understood  Venice  was  not  slow  in  following 

that  the  arms  we  have  taken  np—  the  example  of  revolution  set  b; 

that  we  still  hold — can  never  be  Milan,  and  a  Provisional  Govem- 

kid  down  as  long  as  one  of  his  ment   was   immediatelj    formed, 

band  shall  be  hid  under  the  cover  which,  on  the  S6th  of  March,  thus 

of  the  Alps.    We  have  swoni,  we  announced  to  the  Lombards  its 

swear  it  again,  with  the  generous  co-operation: — 

Friitce  who  flies  with  the  common  "We  hailed  with  infinite  joj 

impolse  to  assmuate  himself  with  the  account  of  the  emanoipation  vt 

our  gloij — all  Ital;  eweara  it,  and  our  generous  sister  of  Lombardjr. 

60  it  shall  be !  "  On  the  very  day  when  you 

"  To  arms  then,  to  arms,  to  se-  shook  off  the  Austrian  yoke,  a  Pro- 
cure the  fruits  of  our  glorious  revo-  viaional  Ooverument  of  the  Ve- 
Intion — to  fight  the  last  battle  of  netian  Republic  was  proclaimed 
mdependettceandtheltolianUnion.  here,  under  the  glorious  banner  of 

"  A  moveable  army  shall  be  at  St  Mark. 

once  o^ani2ed.    Theodore  Leohi  "  We  are  inflneooed  by  no  local 

is  named  General-in-Ohief  of  all  prejudice — we    are,     above    all, 

the  force  of  the  Provisional  Govern-  Italians,  and  the  insignia  of  St. 

ment.    A  soldier  of  long  standing  Mark  figures  on  the  triooloured 

in  the  old  army  of  Italy,  he  vrill  banner. 

joio  the  glorious  traditions  of  the  "  We  ore  united  to  you,  Lom- 

Napoleon  military  epoch  to  the  new  bards,  not  only  by  the  tie  of  affec- 

hononrs  which  the   Italian  army  tion,  but  also  by  a  community  of 

now  prepares  in  the  great  war  of  misfortones  and  hopes. 

liberty."  "  When  the  hallowed  soil  of  the 

The  King  of  Sardinia,  Charlea  country  shall  have   ceased  to   be 

Albert,  had  already  determined  to  sullied  by  the  feet  of  the  foreign 

take   part    in  the    struggle,   and  oppressor,   we   shall  join  you   in 

advuice  with  his  troops  into  the  discussing  the  form  of  government 

Milanese  territoty.   Inaproolama-  most  conducive  to  ottr   common 

tion  which  he  issued  oo  the  38rd  glory." 

of  March  hesaid  :—"FoTthepui^  The  Piedmontese  force  at  the 

pose  of   more  fully  showing   by  commencement  of  the  campaign 

exterior  signs  the  sentiments  of  consbted  of  two  corps  d'armie  and 

Italian  unity,  we  vrish  that  our  a  reserve.    The  Duke  of  Savoy, 

troops  should  enter  the  territory  of  the  eldest  son  of  the  King,  Ghories 

Lombardy  snd  Venice,  bearing  the  Albert,  was  at  the  head  of  the 

anna  of  Savt^  above  the  Italian  latter.     The  left,   or  fijst  eorjit 

triooloured  flog."  d'armfe,  was  commanded  by  Gene- 

This  assumption,  however,  of  Bu-  nl8onna,and  the  right  by  General 

periori^  on  the  part  of  the  Savoy  Bava.     Each  corps  was  separated 

anxilianes  was  unpalatable  to  the  into  two  divisions — those  of  the 

Milanese,  and  throughout  the  cam-  left  being  intrusted  to  Qenends 

VoL-XC.  [Y] 


322]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [It^y- 

Broglia  and  Pweer,  aod  those  of  Albert  had  other  difficuldes  to 
the  right  to  Generals  Ferreri  and  contend  against,  arising  from  the 
Biscaretti.  The  centre  was  com-  supinenees  or  cowardice  of  his  own 
posed  of  the  Qnd  and  3rd  divisions,  allies.  The  Pe^hiI  auxiliaries  were 
under  the  command  of  Generals  under  the  command  of  General 
Broglia  and  Ferreri.  Each  corps  Durando,  who  occupied  Fenara 
d'am^  consisted  of  about  20,000  with  the  ostensible  ol^ect  of  merely 
meo,  and  the  reserve  of  about  the  protecting  the  Roman  territory, 
same  number,  so  that  the  total  for  the  Pope  had  refused  to  sane- 
force  of  the  army  might  be  esti-  tion  any  aggressive  movement 
mated  at  60,000  men.  The  artU-  against  the  Austrians.  These 
lery,  commanded  by  the  lung's  troops,  however,  became  modnous, 
second  son,  the  Didw  of  Genoa,  and  compelled  their  General  to 
consisted  of  100  field  pieces,  IQ-  lead  them  across  the  Po,  in  order 
pounders,  and  U  pieces  of  flying  that  they  might  take  part  in  the 
artillery,  8-poundera.  The  cavalry,  struggle.  From  the  poeitjon  they 
under  General  Visconti,  amoimted  occupied,  the  duty  devolved  upon 
to  3600  men,  divided  into  six  regi-  them  of  preventing  the  junction  of 
mente  of  600  each.  Nugent  and  Radetzky  ;  but  Oene? 

It  is  not  our  intention  to  narrate  ral  T>urando  obstinately  refused  to 

in  detail  the  events  of  the  campaign  risk  an  engagement,  and  retired 

that  followed.     They  possess  little  before  the  Austrian  columns,  until, 

interest,  and  we  have  not  space  to  on  the  Hind  of  April,  the  latter 

devote    to  the    obscure    conflicts  joined  their  comrades  at  Verona, 

which  took  place    from  time  to  and  brought  to  Marshal  Badetzky 

time  without  any  effect  upon  ^e  an  accession  of  strength  to  the 

ultimate  result  of  the  war.     The  extent  of  19,000   men.     General 

object  of  Marshal  Radetzky  clearly  Durando  then   led  his  troopa  to 

was  to  retire  upon  Verona,  and  Vicenza,  where  he  shut  himself  up, 

there  wait  the  arrival  of  reinforce-  and  remained  inactive, 

ments,  in  order  that  he  might  at  a  On  the  tfth  of  May,  a  severe 

convenient   opportunity  give  the  engagement   took  place  between 

enemy  battle,  and  regain  the  ground  the    Austrians   ana  Fiedmontese 

which  hehadapparentlyabandoned.  before  the  walls  of  Verona.    The 

The  event  showed  the  justness  of  contest  lasted  from  nine  o'clock  in 

his  calculations,  and  the  wisdom  of  the  morning  until  five  in  the  even- 

his  policy.  ing,  and  was  gallantly  sustained  on 

On  the  81h  of  April,  the  army  both  sides.  It  commenced  by  an 
of  Charles  Albert  forced  the  Aua-  attack  on  the  position  of  the  Aus- 
trian lines  on  the  Mincio  in  three  trians  on  the  Bideau,  and  on  their 
places,  and,  crossing  the  Adige,  at  left  vring  at  St  Lucia.  In  his 
Pontone,  took  up  aposition  to  the  despatch  to  the  Minister  of  War, 
north  of  Verona.  Ihis  might  have  at  Vienna,  Marshal  Radetzky  siud: 
led  to  important  results,  for  Mar-  "  The  enemy  opened  the  en- 
shal  Badetzky  was  thus  cut  o9'  gagement  vritli  a  heavy  cannonade 
from  the  valley  of  the  Trent,  and  in  the  direction  of  St.  Massimo, 
the  Fiedmontese  army  lay  between  Crocebianoa,  and  Chievo,  and  made 
him  and  General  Nugent,  who  was  a  feint  of  attacking  them.  They 
advancing  to  his.  support  with  a  directed  all  their  force  against 
strong  body  of  troopa.    But  Charles  St.  Lucia,  which  was  defended  only 


It^■^  HISTORY.  [323 

by  the  weak  brigade  StnMldo.  attack  was  merely  "to  make  a 
The  conflict  lasted  altogether  fully  nconnaittanee  to  feel  the  true  force 
eight  hours.  The  br^ide  fought  andspiritof  the  enemy  i"  and  that, 
with  the  courage  of  liona.  Never  this  being  accomplished,  orders 
bare  I  heard  bo  well  suBtained  a  were  given  to  the  troops  to  reoo- 
firaasthatwhichtheeDemyopened  cupy  their  former positdons.  The 
at  this  point.  Only  one  short  bulletin  stated  that — 
pause  iuterrened  during  the  ea-  "  The  King  did  not  wish  at  first 
gagement,  in  which  time  the  enemy  that  the  troops  should  retire,  and 
attacked  St.  Masaimo,  and  made  he  did  not  return  himself  to  head- 
continual  demonstrations  against  quarters  at  Somma  Campagoa  till 
my  centre  and  right  wing,  consist-  he  saw  all  the  wounded  token  care 
ing  of  the  brigades  Gyulai,  Lich-  of,  and  transported  to  that  place 
tenatein,  and  Taxis,  but  was  here  and  neighbouring  village  of  Fene- 
forced  to  retire.  lone.     The   return  of  the  troops 

"At  last  the  brigade  Stiasoldo  was  conducted  with  the  same  order 

was  obliged  to  evacuate  St.  Lucia,  as  the  advance,  notwithstanding 

after  a  renewed  assault  from  the  that  the  enemy,  seeing  us  retire, 

enemy.    It  retired,  however,  only  again   occupied  San  Lucia,   and 

to  a  short  distance,  and  I  sent  endeavoured  to  annoy  os  by  an 

some  reserve  troops  to  its  assist-  unceasing  fire ;   but  that  did  not 

ance  ....  last  long,  as  the  Duka  of  Savoy,  at 

"  The   enemy   offered  a  most  the  head  of  the  brigade  of  Cunco, 

determined  reeistance.   The  troops  hurried  to  meet  him,  drove  him 

forced   their  way  within  a  short  again  from  the  village,  compelled 

distance  of  the  place,  and  even  the  him  to  retire  towards  Verona,  even 

enemy,   hat    could  only   advance  beyond  the  point  to  which  he  had 

slowly.  been  driven  in  the  first  instance." 

"  I  now  sent  to  the  town  for  the         The    &ct,   however,    was.    that 

grenadier  battalion  Weiler  and  a  after    the     engagement    Charles 

battalion  £.    H.    Sigmund.     The  Albert  and  the  Piedmontese  army 

enemy  did  not,  however,  wait  for  a  retired  to  its  position  on  the  hills 

renewal  of  the  attack,  and  finally  overlooking  tlie  plain  of  Terona, 

evacuated  St.  Lucia,  having  also  from  Bussolengo,  on  the  Upper 

retired  on  the  whole  line."  Adige,  to  Vallegio,  on  the  Mincio. 

The  Harshal  added  : —  It  is   supposed    Uiat    the  attack 

"  In  coDclosion,  I  must  call  the  was  made  in  the  expectation  that 
Ktlendon  of  the  War  Mioistiy  to  it  would  be  assisted  by  a  move- 
one  remarkable  fact,  viz. — that  the  ment  widiin  the  oi^;  but  nothing 
Papal  Swiss  troops  were  at  the  of  the  kind  took  place,  and  the 
head  of  the  hostile  force  which  general  feeling  was,  that  the  move- 
attacked  St  Lucia,  which  stands  ment  bad  been  unnecessary  and 
in  singular  contradiction    to  the  profitless. 

friendly  assorances  of  his  Holi-        The  next  important  enterprise 

ness."  attempted  by  the  King  of  Sardinia 

In  the  ofBdal  aoconnt  of  the  wasthesiegeoftheoi^  and  fortress 

battle  issued  on  the  Piedmontese  of  Peschiera,  before  which  he  ap- 

•ide,  a  very  different  version  of  the  peared  on  the  I8th  of  ^ay.    Its 

afiair  was  given ;  and  it  was  made  position  gives  it  the  key  of  an 

to  appear  that  the  object  irf  the  extensive  district,  for  it  intercepta 


324] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Itali/. 


the  road  between  Breacia  and 
Verona  by  Lonato,  and  affords  an 
excellent  base  for  operations  either 

Tinat  Verona  or  along  the  valley 
the  Adige.  The  attack  was 
commenced  by  artillery,  and  the 
Piedmontese  troops,  under  General 
Bes,  having  formed  trenches  during 
the  night,  opened  a  heavy  fire  from 
four  lotteries.  The  place,  how- 
ever, was  not  taken  until  the  90th 
of  the  month,  after  a  lan^«ontinued 
cannonade,  and  when  the  provisions 
were  almost  entirely  exhausted. 

On  the  previous  day  (May  SOth), 
Marshal  Radetzky,  who  had  been 
concentrating  his  troops  at  Manttia, 
made  a  simultaneouB  attack  on  the 
two  extremes  of  the  Tuscan  and 
Neapolitan  line,  stretching  from  a 

Kint  in  advance  of  Qoito  on  the 
incio  to  Oozzoldo.  The  object 
was  to  turn  the  flank  resting  on  the 
river,  and  by  crossing  the  river  and 
ascending  its  right  bank  derange 
the  siege  operations  gainst  Fes- 
chiera.  The  Austri  ana  succeeded  in 
their  attack,  and  General  Bavawas 
forced  lA  retreat  vrith  his  left  to 
tioito,  but  he  did  so  in  good  order. 
His  right  was  defeated  oompletely, 
ftnd  nearly  disoi^nized.  Next 
day,  Charles  Albert  came  up  from 
Vallegio,  and  the  engagement  vraa 
renewed.  The  Austrians,  after  a 
day's  fighting,  were  dislodged  from 
Goito  (the  first  houses  of  which 
they  had  entered),  and  driven 
along  the  right  bank  of  the  Mincio 
to  the  gates  of  Mantua. 

The  King  of  Sardinia  was  equally 
successful  iu  his  attack  upon  Rivoli, 
which  he  took  after  a  sharp  en- 
gagement, and  bad  he  been  effi- 
siently  supported  by  the  Italians, 
for  whose  cause  he  professed  to 
fight,  the  issue  of  the  campaign 
might  have  been  very  different. 
But  it  soon  appeared  that  he  had 
to  maintain  the  stni^le  single- 


handed  B^nst  the  resources  of 
the  Austrian  Empire.  Whilst  be 
was  strengthening  his  position  at 
Rivoli,  Badet^ky  suddenly  ap- 
peared with  30,000  men  before 
Vicenza,  where  General  Durando, 
with  14,000  or  15,000  Papal  troops 
was  quartered,  and,  after  bombattl- 
ing  Uke  town  for  eighteen  hours, 
he  compelled  them  to  capitulate 
on  the  terms  that  they  ahoold 
forthwith  recross  the  Pa,  and  not 
take  up  arms  against  Austria  for 
the  space  of  three  months.  The 
old  Marshal  then  hurried  back 
with  his  troops  to  Verona,  and 
entered  it  almost  at  the  moment 
when  the  King  of  Sardinia,  think- 
ing the  place  was  abandoned,  was 
aboitt  to  occupy  it  vrith  (he  great 
bi^k  of  his  force. 

In  the  latter  part  of  June  the 
Anstrians  captured  both  Padua  and 
Palma  Nuova,  and  their  communi- 
cations with  Vietma,  through  the 
passes  of  the  Tyrol,  were  now  undis- 
turbed by  the  presence  of  an  enemy. 

The  hue  of  the  Piedmontese 
army  at  the  beginning  of  July  ex- 
tended for  about  thirty  miles,  from 
Mantua  on  the  right,  to  Rivoli  on 
the  left.  The  object  of  the  King  at 
this  time  seemed  to  be  to  collect  his 
forces  and  invest  Mantua,  where 
his  troops  were  gradually  accumu- 
lated, and  weeks  were  spent  in  a 
fruitless  blockade  of  a  place  of  im- 
pr^nable  strength,  where  they 
suffered  not  only  from  the  cannon 
of  the  enemy,  but  the  pestilential 
exhalations  of  the  marshy  swamp 
that  lies  on  one  side  of  the  town. 

On  the  a3nd  of  July,  however, 
a  sudden  and  unexpected  attack 
was  made  on  the  Sardinian  lines 
by  General  Aspre  at  Rivoli,  and 
they  were  without  difficulty  forced . 
The  yielding  columns  retreated 
upon  Peaohiera  and  Villafranca, 
and  across  the  Mincio  to  Vallegio. 


Itai).-]                        HISTORY.  [325 

Before  Clisries  Albert  could  effec-  poet  on  the  line  of  the  Miacio,  and 
toally  coDcentntfl  his  forces,  he  the  King  pasaed  the  night  at 
was  attacked  at  different  points  Asola.  The  rest  of  the  cam- 
in  the  north  and  east,  and  the  poign  was  a  mere  flight  on  the 
Anstrians  mads  a  resolnte  attempt  part  of  the  Italians.  The  Aus- 
to  cross  the  Uincio  and  cut  off  trians  steadily  advanced,  and  oc- 
hia  retreat  to  Milan.  On  the  cupied,  successively,  Cremona,  Piz- 
tUth  and  26th,  the  contest  raged  zighetore,  and  Lodi,  following  close 
withTaiyingsuccessinthecoonUj  upon  the  heels  of  the  retiring 
that  lies  between  the  Adige  and  army.  Cbarlea  Allwrt  entered 
the  Mincio;  and  it  was  evident  Milan  with  his  fugitive  troops  on 
that  the  Italian  cause  depended  the  Srd  of  August,  and  at  first 
almost  wholly  on  the  bravery  of  seemed  disposed  to  make  a  stand 
llie  Sardinian  troops,  who  were  there,  but  he  soon  gave  up  this 
most  inefficiently  supported  by  idea,  and  continued  tus  retreat  to 
(heir  Italian  auzUiaries,  especially  his  own  territory, 
the  Tuscan  and  Roman  troops.  The  exact  nature  of  the  reasons 
On  the  S6th,  the  Sardinian  force  which  determined  Charles  Albert 
had  partially  retrieved  its  position,  to  abandon  Milan  without  a  atrug- 
aod  after  a  gallant  action  at  Somma  gle  is  not  very  accurately  known ; 
Gampagna,  which  lasted  the  whole  but  the  following  account  was 
day,  the  result  was  still  doubtful,  published  with  every  appearance 
when  the  Austrian  army  was  sud-  of  authenticity : — 
denly  reinforced  by  a  body  of  "The  King  colled  the  chiefs  of 
90,000  men,  drawn  chiefly  from  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety 
the  garrisons  of  the  Venetian  which  he  hod  established,  liefore 
territory,  and  the  King's  ri^t  him,  and  declared  to  them  tliai,  if 
flankwas  turned,  and  the  Austriana  his  army  alone  were  left  to  bear 
were  completely  victorious.  This  the  burden  of  the  war,  Milan  would 
decked  the  struggle,  for  Charles  soon  be  carried.  A  few  hours 
Albert  immediately  commenced  his  after,  these  chlefo  went  and  pre- 
retreat,  and,  on  the  morning  of  the  sented  a  proposal  of  capitulauon 
it7tb,  prepared  to  recross  the  to  Radet^ky,  unknown  to  Charles 
Uincio.  Ue  found,  however,  that  Albert.  The  Austrian  commander 
the  Austrians  had  been  beforehand  imposed  conditions,  and  signed  the 
with  him,  and  they  were  drawn  up  capitulation  subject  to  the  ratl- 
in strong  force  at  Tolta,  on  the  fication  of  the  King.  The  Milanese 
otherBideoftheriTer,soasdirectlj  then  carried  it  to  Charles  Albert, 
to  intercept  the  line  of  his  retreat,  who  expreased  his  surprise  and 
It  dierefbre  became  necessary  to  diBsatislaotion,  and  affixed  his 
fight;  and  an  eng^ement  look  signMure,  saying, '  I  cannot  defend 
place,  the  result  of  which  was  yon  in  spite  of  yourselves.'  A 
opoD  the  whole  favourable  to  the  largebodyof  theUltra-Republicans 
Italians,  who  were  enabled  to  pass  then  came  to  complun  to  the  King 
Volta  and  continue  their  retro-  of  the  capitulation.  '  What  are 
grade  march.  you?'  was  bis  reply:  'The  chiefs 
On  the  evening  of  the  97th,  the  of  your  Oovemment  have  capita, 
whole  of  the  Sardinian  force,  ex-  latedwithoutmy knowledge.  Come 
capting  the  garrison  that  occupied  to  an  understanding  amongst  your- 
Feeehiera,  had  abandoned  every  selves;    let  me    know  what  th4 


326]           ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [I'«(y. 

nutjority  of  the  Milanese  require ;  soldier  has  its  limits.  The  in- 
if  thej  wish  it,  «e  are  read;  to  terior  defence  of  the  town  could 
fight  to  the  last  extremity.'  They  not  be  sostained.  Money,  pro- 
demanded  from  the  King  a  delay  visions,  and  ammnnition  vers 
of  tnenty-four  hours  to  collect  wanting.  The  courage  of  the 
signatures;  at  the  expiration  of  citizens  might  perhaps  hare  re- 
which  thej  brought  him  one  hon-  sist«d  for  some  days,  but  only  (o 
dred  and  fifty.  The  King  told  bury  us  under  the  ruins,  not  to 
them,  '  All  is  over ;  Milan  is  lost  conquer  the  enemy.  A  convention 
througbyour  own  fault'"  was  beoun  by  too;  the  Milanese 

The  convention  agreed  npon  by  followed  it  up  and  signed  it.    .    .  . 

Radetzky   provided  that   an    at-  The  throbs  of  my  heart  wore  ever 

mistice  should  exist  for  six  weeks,  for  Italian  independence;  but  Italy 

and  that  the  fortresses  of  Peschiera  has  not  yet  shown  to  the  world  that 

and  Osappo,  together  with  the  city  she  can  conquer  alone.     People  of 

and  territoiy  of  Venice,  should  be  the     kingdom!     show    youiselres 

evacuated,  the  Piedmontese  troops  strong  in  a  first  misfortune.     Em- 

receiviiifl  a  safe  conduct  through  ploy  the  free  institutions  that  have 

Lombardy  to  their  own  country.         arisen  among  you Ro- 

On  Sunday,  the  6th  of  August,  pose    confidence    in    yonr    King, 

the  Austrian  army  entered  Milan  The  cause  of  Italian  independence 

almost  at  the  same  moment  when  is  not  yet  lost." 

the  Sardinian  troops  quitted  it  on  The  result  was  that  England 

their  road  to  Turin.  Nextdayapro-  and  France  resolved  to  ofi'er  a  joint 

clsmation  appeared,  signed  by  Mar-  mediation  between   the  Emperor 

ehal  Badetzky,  declaring  the  city  of  and    his   revolted    subjects,    and 

Milan  and  province  of  Lombfuxly  couriets  were  despatched  early  in 

in  a  state  of  siege,  stating  that  all  August  to  the  head-qoarters  of  the 

offences  sgainst  good  order  would  two  armies. 

be  tried  by  martial  law,  and  nomi-  An  armistice,  which  continued 
nating  the  Prince  Schwartzenbnrg  during  the  rest  of  the  year,  was 
Military  Governor  of  Milan.  The  afterwards  concluded  upon  the 
greatest  order  prevailed,  both  on  basis  of  the  following  convention, 
the  part  of  the  Austrian  troops  and  agreedtoontbe  part  of  Marshal  Ra- 
the Milanese,  and  no  ofiensive  cries  detzky  and  the  King  of  Sardinia : — 
were  uttered  on  either  side.  "Art.  1.  The  line  of  demarcation 

On  the  lOtb,  the  Eing,  Charles  between  both  armies  shall  be  the 

Albert,  issued  a  proclamation  to  fi^mtier  of  their  respective  states, 

the  "  People  of  the  Kingdom,"  in  "  3.  The  fortress  of  Peschiera, 

which  he  gave  the  following  ac-  Poeco  d'Ango,  and  Osappo,  shall 

count oflhecauseofhis reverses: —  be  evacuated  by  the  Sardinian  and 

"The  enemy  increased;  my  army  allied  troops,  and  surrendered  to 

was  almost  alone  in  the  struggle,  those   of  His   Imperial   Miyesty. 

The  want  of  provisions  forced  us  to  The  surrender  of  the  place  shall 

abandon  the  positions  we  had  con-  be  made  within  three  days  of  the 

quered With  my  army  I  ratification  of  this  convention.    In 

hadretiredtothedefenceofMilan;  their  place  all  the  matirutofmr 

but,  harassed  by  long  fatigues,  it  belonging  to  Austria  shall  be  given 

could  not  resist  a  new  field-battle,  up.   The  troops  marching  out  shall 

for  even  the  strength  of  the  brave  take  with  them  all  their  wuuiriel. 


lul,.] 


HISTORY. 


[327 


anns,  atnmumtion,  and  clothing, 
and  ehall  march  bj  settled  die- 
taoces  to  the  dominioDB  of  His 
SardiDian  M^estj. 

"3.  The  states  of  Modena, 
Parma,  and  the  city  of  Placeatia, 
with  their  territorial  circles,  shall 
he  eracuated  by  the  troops  of  Hia 
Sardtniaa  Majesty  vithin  three 
days  of  the  retificaiion  of  this  con- 
Ten  tion. 

"4.  This  convention  extends 
equally  to  the  city  of  Venice  and 
the  Venetian  terra  firma.  The 
Sardinian  militaiy  and  naval  fopcea 
shall  evacute  that  city,  ports,  forts, 
ftc,  and  return  to  the  Sardinian 
stales.    The  troops  shall  retire  hy 


land  by  a  rout«  and  marches  pre- 
viously determined. 

"  5.  Persons  and  property  in  the 
place  above  named  are  under  the 
protection  of  the  Imperial  Govem- 

"  6.  This  armistice  is  to  have 
six  weeks'  duration,  to  give  time 
for  the  negotiations  for  peace;  it 
may  be  extended  by  common  ao- 
coM,  and  eight  days'  notice  shall 
be  given  of  the  renewal  of  hos- 
tilitiea. 

"  7.  Commissioners  shall  be 
named  respectively  for  the  more 
easy  and  satisfactory  execution  of 
the  above  arlMea." 


b,GoogIc 


ANNUAL  REGISTEE,  1848. 


CHAPTER  XI, 

Italt,  etmtimud. — Papal  States. — N«w  Organieatum  of  the  Eatevtivt 
at  Bom« — The  Pope  promiia  a  luw  Conititution  to  hie  SvhjeeU — Hit 
tmuHUngneit  to  engage  in  the  War  agaitut  Austria — New  Mmittry 
at  Borne — Programme  of  its  intended  PoUey — Auamnation  of  Count 
Eoeei,  at  Rome— Slate  of  the  Capital  at  thte  Jwnetare — Formatitm 
of  a  Radical  Minittry —Flight  of  the  Pope  front  Borne—He  taket 
Befuge  in  tft«  NeapoUtan  Territory.     • 

Naples  and  Sictlt. — Outbreak  of  Inturreetion  at  Palermo — Conflict 
betieeen  the  F<^ulaee  and  the  MUitary — New  Miniitrt/  appointed  at 
NapUt — The  King  promitet  a  Conititution — Enthutiatm  of  the 
PeopU—Intwrection  at  Meetina — Dietwbancet  at  Naplet — Sangui- 
nary Conflict  in  the  Street* — The  King  vietorioue — Downfal  of  the 
Bourion  Dynasty — Decrees  by  the  Sicilian  Chamber  at  Palermo — The 
Sieifian  Throne  offered  to  the  Duke  of  Genoa,  and  declined  by  kim — 
Expedition  sent  from  Naples  against  the  SiciliaAs^Bombardment  and 
Capture  of  Mtmna — Energetic  Measures  of  the  Bevolutionary  Oo- 
vemment  at  Palermo. 

Behvabk  and  ScHLESWio-HoLSTEiH. — Death  of  Christian  VHI.,  King 
of  Dmmark,  and  Succession  of  Frederick  Til. — Plan  of  new  Consti- 
tution promulgated — Narrative  of  Events  leading  to  a  Quarrel  between 
the  Crown  of  Denmark  and  the  two  Duckies  of  Schleewig  andHolstein — 
Deputation  sent  from  the  Meeting  of  the  States  at  Rendsburg  to 
Copenhagen — The  King's  Reply — Explosion  of  the  Resolution  at 
Kiel— Strong  Fedxng  in  Denmark  against  the  S^uiration  of  the 
Duchiee— Proclamations  by  the  King — The  Prussian  Troops  crott  the 
Holstein  Frontier — Conduct  of  the  German  AtseoMy  at  Franf^ort — 
Protest  of  the  Danish  Ambassador — The  Danish  Forces  attacked  by 
the  Prustians — Schlesteig  and  Flensbourg  taken  by  the  latter — General 
Von  Wrangd  invades  Jutland — The  Danish  Army  retiree  to  F^tnen 
and  Alsen — Tntetference  of  Sweden  in  the  Struggle — The  Prus- 
sian Troops  withdrawn  from  Jutland— Blockade  of  the  German 
Baltic  Porti  by  the  Danish  Fleet — NoU  addressed  by  the  Danish 
Government  to  Foreign  Ministers — Termination  of  HoetUitiet  by 
Armistice  concluded  at  MalmA— Provisions  of  the  Armistice-Speech 
of  the  King  of  Denmark  at  the  opening  of  the  Diet. 

Netherlahdb. — Appointment  of  Committee  to  revise  Conetilution. 

BsLOiUM. — Abortive  Attempt  of  French  Demoerats  to  excite  a  Revolu- 
tion—Speech  of  the  King  on  opening  of  Session  of  the  Chambers. 

ROME. — At  the  beginoing  of    the  ExecutiTe   &t    Rome,  which 
the  year  the  Pope  uaued  a    was  in  future  to  consist  of  nine 
new  plan  for  the  organization  of    deportments,  —  namely,    Fore^ 


Bonw.] 


HISTORY. 


AfUis,  Interior,  Poblio  loBtroo- 
lion,  Grace,  and  Jastice,  Fioance ; 
Oommerce,  Fine  Arts,  Manufac- 
turea  and  Agriculture ;  Public 
Works,  War  and  Police.  The 
cAdeb  of  those  deportments  were 
to  compose  the  Council  of  Uinis- 
tera.  State  a&irs  were  not  to  be 
brought  before  that  Council  until 
the  Conaulta  had  examined  them, 
and  given  ita  opinion.  Minis- 
ters were  to  be  responsible  for 
the  acta  of  thnr  respective  ad- 
miniBtrations,  and  the  subaltern 
officers  likewise  accountable  for -the 
execntiou  of  the  orders  they  re- 
ceived. The  important  afiiurs  of 
the  State  were  not  to  be  aab- 
mitted  to  the  approbation  of  the 
Sovereign  until  they  had  been  dis- 
cussed in  the  Gonuul  of  Ministers. 
The  Ministers  were  to  appoint  all 
pnblto  functionaries  ana  officers, 
the  Pope  only  reserving  to  himself 
the  nomination  of  the  Cardinals, 
Nuncios,  &c.  The  Council  of  Mi- 
nisters was  to  meet  every  week, 
under  the  presidency  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State.  The  Secretary  was 
lo  be  a  Cardinal.  utA  his  deputy  a 
Prelate;  but  the  other  Ministers 
might  tw  indifferently  clergymen 
or  laymen.  Twenty-four  Auditors 
were  attached  to  the  Council  of 
Hinisters— twelve  clergymen,  and 
twelve  laymen. 

On  the  Uth  of  March,  His 
HtdinesB  published  a  proclama* 
tion  in  which  he  announced  the 
grant  of  a  new  Constitution  to 
his  Bul^ects,  stating  that,  as  "  our 
,  nmgfabours  have  decided  that  the 
people  are  already  ripe  for  the 
benefits  of  a  representative  system 
of  government,  not  merely  eonnxlt- 
%v»,  but  (MtWdfiM,  we  are  unwill- 
ing to  think  less  worthily  of  our 
own  sul^ecta,  or  to  repose  less  faith 
in  their  gratitude,  not  mly  to- 


wards our  own  humble  person,  for 
which  we  desire  none,  but  towards 
the  Chiurch  and  this  Apostolic  See, 
the  inviolable  and  supreme  rights 
of  which  have  been  committed  to 
our  custody  by  Almighty  God,  and 
whose  presence  was  and  always 
will  be  to  them  a  source  of  sum 
benefit." 

The  Pope  was  naturally  unwill- 
ing to  engage  in  hostilities  against 
Austria,  one  of  the  most  powerful 
and  devoted  servants  of  the  Papal 
See.  He,  therefore,  resisted  the 
demands  of  the  people  to  send 
troops  to  join  the  army  that  was 
fighting  in  Lombardy  for  Italian 
independence.  A  body  of  Boman 
volunteers  had,  however,  left  the 
States  of  the  Church,  and  formed 
part  of  the  forces  then  actually  in 
the  field  under  the  command  of 
Charles  Albert  One  of  these, 
Signer  Oaffi,  an  artist  of  some  dis- 
tinction, was  found  hanging  on  a 
tree  near  Verona  with  this  written 
inscription  appended  to  his  corpse : 
"  This  is  the  way  in  which  the 
Crusadera  of  Pius  IX.  are  treated." 
The  nevra  of  this  exasperated  the 
Roman  populace  to  uie  highest 
degree,  and  with  loud  cries  they 
called  for  a  declaration  of  war. 
On  the  S9th  of  April  the  Pope  ad- 
dressed the  Cardinals  in  conclave, 
and  disavowed  the  act  of  the  Papal 
troopa  in  crossing  the  frontier, 
asserting  that  it  had  been  done  con- 
trary to  bis  commands.  Next  day 
the  mob  took  possession  of  the  Po^ 
Office,  and  thus  gained  access  to 
some  official  correspondence  which 
proved  that  the  Cardinala  were 
meditating  flight.  Tumultuous  de- 
monstrations took  place ;  and  at 
last,  on  the  Ist  of  May,  the  Pope 
yielded  to  (he  popular  will,  and 
issued  a  declaration  of  war  against 
Austria. 

L ,CioOQlc 


330]             ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [K»~. 

Early  in  May.  a  new  Ministiy,  of  say,  the  right  not  to  yield  to  any 
em  extremely  liberal  complexion,  other  country  in  the  world  in  pro- 
was  appointed.  It  consisted  of  the  eress  or  in  the  social  and  civil  per- 
following  members: —  feclioii ;  moreover,  the  localities, 
Ecclesiastical    Affaira,  —  Cardinal  the  history,  the  traditions,  and  the 

Ciacchi.  legilimate  pride  of  the  race  inspire 

President  of  the  Conncil  and  Minis-  the  Minieti?  with  the  not  rash  hope 

ter  of  Foreign  Afiairs, — Count  of  possessing  and  initiating  every 

Marchetti.  one  in  these  new  social  and  politi- 

Interior,— Count  Mamiani.  cal  principles  demanded  from  rao- 

Juatice, — M.  Pasquale  de  Rossi.  dem  science  by  the  impatience  of 

Finance, — M.  Lunati.  the  age.     For  the  attainment  of 

War, — Prince  d'Oria-Paufili.  these  great  ends  the  confidence  of 

Commerce, — The   Duke   de   Ri-  the  people,  their  obedience  and 

guano.  respwt  for  the  laws,  and  the  union 

Police, — M.  Giuseppe  Galetti.  and  courage  of  all  good  citizens. 

Almost  immediately  after  enter-  are  required." 

jng  upon  office,  they  published  a  On  the   15th  of  November  a 

programme    of    their   views    and  horrible  event  occurred  at  Borne, 

policy,  in  which  they  said :  "  The  Count  Rossi,  the  Minister  of  the 

new  Ministers  whom  His  Holiness  Interior,  was  assassinated  as  he 

baa  deigned  to  call  to  the  head  of  was  alighting  from  his  carriage  to 

affiure  profess  the  same  sentiments  enter  (Joe  Chamber  of  Deputies, 

of  order,  justice,  liberty,  and  pa-  He  was  stabbed  in  the  neck,  and 

triotjsm,    as    their    predecessora.  died  almost  instantaneously.     The 

The   present  Ministiy   vrill   hold  murderer  mingled  with  the  crowd, 

especially  dear  the  sacred  cause  of  and  no  attempt  was  made  to  arrest 

Italy  and  the  triumph  of  right,  to  him.     The  Assembly,  on  the  steps 

which  all  their  attention  «ill  be  of  whose  Chamber  Uiis  dastardly 

applied,  convinced   that  the  first  act  was  committed,  proceeded  with 

efiorts  of  ardour  most  not  be  re-  the  ordinary  business  of  the  day, 

pressed,  but,  on  the  contrary,  re-  and  took  no  notice  of  the  occmt- 

peated,  and  incessantly  increased,  rence.     In  the  afternoon  a  mob  of 

with   inde&tigable    zeal — a    zeal  persons  paraded  the  streets  with 

which  will  be  extended  to  the  pa-  colours  flying,  singing  songs  in 

cific,   but    frank  and   progressive  honour  of  the  asaaasin.   The  autho- 

development  of  the  new  constitu-  rities  remained  passive  spectators 

tional  system.  of  all  that  was  going  on,  and  next 

"  They  will  study  the  evils  under  morning    the   Ministry    resigned, 

which  the  people  sufier,  and  the  The  following  account  of  the  state 

grievances  of  the  working  classes  of  Rome  at  this  juncture  is  taken 

in  particular,  and  will,  with  the  from  a  despatch  addressed  by  M.    , 

concurrence  of  the  tvro  Councils,  Harcourt,  uie  French  Ambassador 

make  every  endeavour  to  cure  the  there,  to  M.  Bastide,  the  Muiister 

deep  wounds  of  indigence,  abase-  for  Foreign  AfTairs  in  France.     It 

ment,   and   ^orance.     To  Italy,  will  be  found  full  of  interest, 

and  above  all  to  Rome,  the  august  "  Itisdifficultto  assistatamore 

seat  of  the  Catholic  religion,  apper-  melancholy  spectacle  for  the  nation 

tains  the  duty,  and,  we  may  almost  than  that  of  which  we  have  bean 


Boms.]                       HISTORY.  [331 

the  ocular  vitneeaeB.  Towards  mildness  itself,  and  who  had  only 
two  o'clock  (Not.  10)  an  immense  lOU  Swiss  to  defend  bim.  It  is 
multitude  proceeded  to  the  Quirinal  generally  believed  tbat  there  were 
with  a  programme,  known  pre-  but  a  few  hundred  intrigaers  who 
Tiously,  end  composed  at  the  popu-  formed  the  plan  of  this  conspiracy, 
lar  club — a  programme  which  con-  There  was  not  anybody  with  the 
dated  in  dismissing  the  Uiniatry,  Pope  during  the  day  but  the  Diple- 
fbrming  a  new  one,  electing  a  con-  matic  Corpa.  Tbe  Pope  during  tbe 
atituent  Asaembly,  and  declaring  entire  period  showed  much  cool- 
war.  There  are  100  Swiss  within  nesB  and  courage  ;  but  it  was  im- 
the  Qnirinal  who,  with  a  few  body  possible  to  resist ;  and,  as  he  de- 
guards,  form  tbe  Pope's  sole  pro-  aired  less  than  anybody  to  cauae 
-tection.  When  the  Swiss  aaw  this  blood  to  be  abed,  he  was  conse- 
hoetile  manifestation,  they  closed  quently  compelled  to  submit  to  bis 
tlie  gates,  and  prepared  to  defend  own  troops,  who  besieged  him  in 
themselTee.  The  Diplomatic  Corps  bis  own  Palace."  The  result  was 
had  timetoenterthePalace.andto  that  the  unhappy  Pontiff  finally 
afford  the  Pope  their  moral  support  sent  for  the  advocate  Galtetti,  to 
Bgainat  any  violence  which  might  whom  he  announced  that  he  con- 
be  offered  to  him.  The  multitude  aented  to  accept  the  following 
first  threatened  to  force  the  gates.  Ministry: — Mamiani,  Foreign  Af- 
and,  seeing  that  they  were  not  fairs ;  Oaltetti,  the  Interior ;  Lu- 
opened  for  them,  the  people  endea-  nati.  Finance  ;  Herbini,  Commerce 
Toured  to  set  fire  to  tbe  principal  and  Public  Works  ;  Campello,  the 
gate.  A  few  ahots  fired  by  the  War  Department;  Abbe  Rosmini, 
Swiss,  together  with  tbeir  firm  atti-  Public  Instruction,  with  the  Fresi- 
tude,  induced  the  aggressors  to  dency  of  the  Council ;  Serini,  Jua- 
wididraw.  Until  then  it  was  the  tics.  And  with  respect  to  tbe  other 
population  alone  who  acted.  The  demands  of  the  people  the  Pope 
attack  did  not  last  long,  and  the  submitted  to  the  decision  of  the 
people  began  to  diaperae,  when  to  Chamber  of  Deputies.  Amongst 
onr  great  astonishment  we  wit-  tbe  killed  was  Cardinal  Palma,  the 
nesaed  an  unexpected  sight.  The  Pope's  aecretaiy,  who  was  shot 
Civic  Guard,  the  Gendarmerie,  the  through  the  head. 
Line,  and  tbe  Roman  Legion,  to  In  order  to  protect  tbe  person  of 
the  number  of  some  thousands,  in  the  Pope  from  outrage,  the  French 
anifbrm,  with  a  military  band  at  Ambassador  took  up  hie  reaidence 
their  head,  placed  themaelTes  in  in  the  Palace  of  the  Qnirinal.  The 
order  of  battle  on  the  open  space  business  of  the  Government  was 
before  the  Qnirinal,  and  joinea  the  still  carried  on  in  the  name  of  His 
people  who  yet  remained  there,  and  Holiness,  although  ho  personally 
commenced,  like  them,  to  fire  at  took  no  part  in  it,  and  refused  to 
the  windows  of  the  Palace.  Some  sancdoa  any  of  the  proceedings, 
balls  penetrated  into  the  apart^  On  the  24th  of  November  he  dis- 
ments  and  killed  a  prelate  who  was  guiaed  himaelf  as  a  livety  servant 
in  hia  chamber.  As  the  Swiss  con-  in  attendance  upon  the  Connt  do 
tinned  to  afaow  a  bold  front,  and  tbe  Spaur,  the  Bavarian  Minister,  and, 
aggressors  could  not  prevail,  tbey  mounting  tbe  box  of  that  noble- 
bronght  cannon  to  force  the  gates  man's  carriage  beside  the  coech- 
of  this  uafoitunate  Pope,  who  is  man,  was  driven  to  his  residence. 


332]      ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [W^yto  and  5.«Iy. 

Here  he  took  off  the  seiraiit's  dress,  Ikhii  freemen,  and  dow  loaded  with 

ftnd  equipped  himself  in  the  oos-  ohaim  and  reduced  to  miserj,  shall 

tome  of  the  BaTaiias  Minister's  we  still  delay  to  claim  onr  le^ti- 

chaploin.    Thej  then  both  entered  mate  rights  ?    To  arms  I  sons  of 

the  carriage,  and,  passports  having  Sicily:    our  united  force  will  be 

been    previoasly  obiAined,   drovo  iovindble.    At  the  break  of  daj  of 

rapidly  away  from  Borne,  arrinng  Janoaiy  1!1  shall  be  the  signal  for 

on  the   following   day  at  Qaeta,  the  glorious  era  of  our  universal 

a  town  in   the   Ifeapolilan  terri-  regeneration.  Palennowill  reodve 

tory.  with  transport  eveiy  Sicilian  who 

The  flight  of  the  Pope  caused  shall  come  armed  to  sustain  the 

astonishment  and  alarm  at  Borne,  common  cauae,  and  establish  re- 

and   throu^out  the   rest  of  the  formed  institutions  in  conformity 

year    the   Bevolutionary  Govemr  with    the    progress   and    will    of 

ment  there  gave  no  evidence  of  its  Europe,  of  Iti^,  and  of  Pius  IX. 

possessing  a  single  member  who  Union,  order,  obedience  to  chiefs, 

was  competent  to  deal  vrith  the  reapect  to  proper^.     Robbery  is 

difficulties  of  its  position,  or  con-  declared  a  crime  of  high  treason 

struct  a  scheme  of^  rational  policy,  against  the  countiy,  and  shall  be 

No  other  events,  however,  of  im-  punished  as  such.    Whoever  may 

portance  took  place.  be  in  wsnt  of  resources  shall  b« 
supplied  at  the  common  charge. 

NAPLES    AND     SICILY.—  Heaven  will  not  fail  to  second  onr 

For  a  long  time  the  Sicilians  had  just   undertaking.     Sicilians,    to 

been  in  a  state  irf  discontent  at  the  arms  I" 

obstinate  refusal  of  the  King  of  On  the  ISth  of  January,  which 

Naples  to  grant  various  reforms  was  the  King's  birthday,  the  stand- 

which  they  demanded ;  and  it  was  ard  of  revolt  vras  unfurled  at  F» 

goierally  announced  at  the  begin-  lermo.     The  Boyal  troops  made 

ning  of  the  present  year,  both  in  hardly  any  show  of  resistance,  but 

8io3y  and  at  Naples,  that,  unless  abandoned  the  posts  they  held  in 

concessions    were    made    by   the  the  centre  of  the  d^,  and  retirod 

Ne^wlitau  Oovemment,  an  insur-  into  the  barracks,  the  forta,  and 

rection  would  almost  immediately  the  palace.    The  insurgents  i>r»- 

take  place.      These   threats   and  sented  themaelvee  in  the  prmeipal 

warnings  were,  however,  n^lected  houses  of  the  city  to  demand  arms, 

or  despised,  until  the  event  showed  On  the  morning  of  the  13tb,  th» 

that   the    determination    of  the  tocsin   called   the   population  to 

pec^le  was  much  more  serious  than  arms,  and  the  firing  commenced, 

had  been  anticipated.     On  the  eve  An  occasional  discharge  of  artillery 

of  the  insurrection  the  following  was  heard  in  the  direction  of  the 

proclamation  was  issued  from  Pa-  palace.     Detachments  of  fifteen  or 

lermo   to   the  inhabitants   of  Si-  twen^  persons,  armed  with  fowling 

oily : —  pieces,  sabres,  and  caoe  swords, 

"  Sicilians  I  the  time  for  prayers  headed  by  well-dressed  young  men, 

is    passed;    pacific    protestations,  traversed  the  streets,  crying,  "Viva 

BupplioationB,  and  demonstrations  Ferdinand  II.!     Viva  the  Consti- 

— M  have   remained  ineffectual,  tutionof  1813  I"    The  insurrection 

Ferdinand  has  treated    tLem  all  then  b^pm  to  extend  rapidly,  and 

with  contempt ;  and  vre,  a  people  became  very  formidable.    After  a 


Naple,  and  Si^^.]           HISTORY.  [833 

series  of  encounters,  more  or  less  of  the  city,  and  tlie  insurgents 

sanguinary,  the  autliority  of  the  demanded  the  re-eetablishmeat  of 

Oovemment  ceased  alb^tfaer  to  the  former  Sicilian  Constitutba  of 

be  recognised  in  the  city;  and,  on  1613,  and  the  immediate  convoca- 

the  15th,  various  committees  were  tion  of  the  Sicilian  Parliament  at 

instituted,  which  the  insurgents  Palermo.      The   Duo    de    Miyo, 

obeyed.  *1,  A  Committee  for  the  haying  no  power  to  treat  on  this 

Defence  of  the  City ;   3,  A  Com-  basis,  communicated  the  demands 

mittee  of  Finance;  3,  A  Committee  to  his   Sovereign  by  a  steamer, 

of  Supplies;    4,  A  Committee  of  on  the  19tfa.     On  the  following 

State  ACfoiis.  day,  the  two  frigates,  which  had 

The  troops  occupied  the  follow-  previously  left  for  Naples,  returned 

ing  positions  at  the  commencement  to  Palermo,  bringing  four  decrees 

of  the  insurrection  : — The  Royal  issued  on  the  18th.    The  first  and 

palace,  inhabited  by  the  lieutenant  fourth  regulated  the  organization 

of  the  King,  in  Sicily ;  the  fort  of  of  the  Consulta  of  State,  whose 

Castellamare,  the  barracks  of  the  powere  were  extended.   The  depii- 

Pier,  the  prison  situate  between  ties  of  the  provincial  councils  were 

die  pier  and  the  city,  the  Palace  to  have  a  consulting  voice  in  mat- 

of  the  Finances,  on  the  square  of  ters  connected  with  the  interests 

the  Navy,  at  the  lower  extremity  of  their  localities.      The  second 

of  the  street  of  Toledo;  and  the  ordinance  abolished   the  promis- 

barracks  adjoining  the  Boyal  palace,  cuous  occupation  of  public  offices  by 

These  troops  were  reiribroed  by  Neapolitans  and  Sicilians  in  both 

6000  men,  conveyed  on  board  a  kingdoms.     The  fourth  appointed 

squadnin  of  nine  steamers,  which  Count  dAquilaLieutenant-General 

arrived  off  Palermo  on  the  16th.  of  Sicily,  and  nominated  as  his 

In  the  night  of  the  13th,  shells  assistants  a  Minister  and  Directors 
and  round  shot  were  fired  on  the  of  Administrations. 
city  by  the  fort  of  Castellamare,  But  it  was  too  late.  The  Sicilians 
although  only  partial  engagements  would  no  lon^r  be  satisfied  with 
had  then  taken  place  between  the  such  concessions ;  and  their  de- 
troops  and  the  people.  On  the  mands  of  a  "  Pariiament  at  Paler- 
15th,  shells  beingstill  thrown  into  mo,"  and  "the  fonner  Constitu- 
the  city,  the  French  Consul,  M.  tion,"  were  persisted  in  as  firmly 
Bresson,  joined  by  the  Consuls  of  as  ever. 

Sardinia,  Switzerland,  the  United  Wh^i  the  news  of  the  insurrec- 

Stotes,   Prussia,   and   Bttssia,   re-  tion    at    Palermo     first    reached 

paired  to  the  Palace  to  demand  of  Naples,  the  King  seemed  disposed 

the  Due  de  Msjo  a  cessation  of  to  act  with  the  utmost  rigour,  and 

the  bombardment     After  a  long  crush  the  rebellion  by  force.     But 

discussion,  the  Duke  promised  a  the    determined    conduct  of   the 

suspension  of  hostilities  for  twen^-  Sicilians  alarmed  the  Ministi7,and 

four  hours.      After  this  interval  the  popular  feeling  in  Naples  was 

had  elapsed,  the  stru^le  recom-  so  stmngly  in  favour  of  the  insur- 

menoed,  but  for  two  or  three  days  gents, tliatDetCaretto,theMinister 

with  iu>  decisive    result.     Some  who  was  known  to  be  the  chief 

negotiations  were  entered  into  be-  adviser  of  violent  measures,  was 

tween  the  Doc  de  Miyo  and  the  compelled  to  take  refuge  on  booid 

Mu<[nis  de  Spedillotto,  the  pnetor  of  a  war  steamer  in  the  port.   This 


.-,       *NSU^L  REGISfTEB,  1848.  .^-^ 

iber  shall 


-    -^'  ."-'3  i     ,>mt  W  ""^  "3S!^ 


,    iivu-  Tinwto« 


<jr«)«*  **'**^ 


■Vila 


„„«»>  •'  P""" 


-uuinoaB^*'',  -,--- 


NapU*  and  SuUy.] 


HISTORY. 


Bt«amer  in  the  harbour.  At  this 
juncture,  an  English  frigate,  com- 
manded by  Captain  Codrington, 
la;  off  the  town,  and  he  exerted 
himself  to  moderate  the  violence 
of  the  struggle,  and  to  persuade 
the  combatants  to  await  Uie  issue 
of  negotiations  which  were  going  on 
at  Naples.  The  British  Govern- 
ment had  sent  Lord  Minto  into 
Ital;  in  a  semi-official  capacity, 
chiefly  with  the  view  of  facilitating, 
if  possible,  the  contemplated  re- 
vival of  diplomatic  intercourse  with 
the  Papal  Seeiand, as  he  happened 
to  be  at  Naples,  he  made  use  of 
his  influence  in  endeavouring  to  ef> 
feet  a  reconciliation  between  Fer- 
dinand and  his  revolted  subjects 
in  Sicily.  His  efforts  were,  how- 
ever, vain,  chiefly  in  consequence 
of  the  terms  insisted  upon  by  the 
latter,  that  none  but  Sicilian  sol- 
diers should  be  employed  in  the 
island.  To  this  the  King  peremp- 
torily refused  to  accede,  and  his 
Ministers  declared  that,  if  he 
yielded,  he  might  as  well  abdicate 
his  throne. 

At  Palermo,  on  the  4th  of 
February,  the  batteries  of  the  town 
began  to  play  npon  the  castle,  and 
for  two  hours  ana  a  half  anincessant 
fire  was  kept  up  between  them  ; 
but,  during  its  continuance,  an 
order  arrived  from  the  King  com- 
manding the  troops  to  surrender 
the  Castle,  and  the  garrison  ca- 
pitulated on  honourable  terms. 

On  the  aist  of  February,  the 
Meseinese  carried  by  storm  Fort 
Real  Basso,  and  the  Royal  troops 
were  confined  to  the  Citadel  and 
Fort  Salvador,  from  which  was 
kept  up  at  short  intervals  a  fire  of 
shot  and  shell  upon  the  town.  In 
the  meantime,  the  insurgents 
busily  employed  themselves  in 
constructing  batteries  of  guns  and 
mortars  to  act  against  the  citadel 


and  Fort  Salvador;  and  on  the 
7th  of  March  they  were  able  to 
commence  a  cannonade  vrith  con- 
siderable effect.  Tliis  was  warmly 
replied  to  by  the  garrison ;  and  it 
was  calculated  that  on  that  day  not 
fewer  than  50U0  projectiles  were 
discharged.  Mutual  hostilities 
continued  until  the  Snd  of  May, 
when  an  armistice  was  agreed  to 
between  the  combatants,  which 
lasted  until  the  middloof  August. 
On  the  Uth  of  May,  the  Depu- 
ties who  had  been  returned  to  the 
Neapolitan  Chamber  met  in  the 
Church  of  San  Lorenzo  Maggiore, 
for  the  purpose  of  discussing  the 
nature  of  the  oath  which  ought  to 
be  taken  with  respect  to  the  new 
Constitution.  The  King  wished  the 
latter  to  be  adopted  in  toto,  as  he  had 
promulgated  it ;  but  the  Deputies 
insisted  upon  swearing  fidelity  to 
the  King  and  the  Constitntioii, 
"  without  pr^udice  to  the  changes 
which  the  Chamber  might  think 
proper  to  introduce  into  it."  This 
caused  a  serious  quarrel  between 
Ferdinand  and  the  Chamber,  and, 
as  neither  party  would  give  way, 
disturbances  immediate^  arose. 
On  the  morning  of  (he  16th 
buricades  were  erected  in  the 
streets,  and  the  Royal  palace  was 

C'soned  by  troops,  while  artil- 
nen  stood  by  their  guns  with 
lighted  matches  in  their  hands. 
The  King,  however,  declared  that 
be  would  accede  to  the  wishes  of 
the  Deputies,  and  called  upon  the 
National  Guards  to  withdraw  from 
the  barricades,  and  remove  them. 
The  latter  replied  that  they  would 
not  retire  until  the  decree  was 
actually  issued,  and  during  the  ne- 
gotiation, the  musket  of  a  National 
Guard  having  accidentally  gone 
off,  his  comrades  thought  that  the 
Swise  troops  were  attacking  them, 
and  they  fired  a  volley,  wUcfa  wa^ 


336]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [NapU,  and  Sieay. 

iminediately  returned  b;  the  Swiss,  whether  we  are  ta  be  a  consti- 
A  Banguiuarr  conflict  now  ensued,  tutional  state,  under  an  Italian 
which  lasted  for  eight  hours,  and  Prince,  or  a  Bepublic,  should 
tenninated  in  the  complete  defeat  Providence  smile  on  Italy.  After 
of  the  insurgeuts.  It  ehould  be  a  few  words  from  M.  Perez,  M. 
mentioned  that  the  Lazzaroni  Interdonato  exclaimed  that  the 
joined  the  Royal  troops,  etiraulated  House  should  begin  by  proclaim- 
by  the  hope,  and,  as  it  was  alleged,  ing  the  down&l  of  Ferdinand 
by  the  promise  of  plunder;  and  and  bis  dynas^,  a  Republican  men* 
it  may  oe  easily  imagined  what  arohy,  and  the  government  of  an 
scenes  of  horror  ensued  when  Italian  Prince.  The  adoption  of  a 
these,  the  very  dregs  and  refuse  of  decree  to  this  efieot  was  then  car- 
the  population  of  Naples,  were  ried  amidst  the  most  enthusiastio 
fighting  on  the  victorious  side.  At  applause.  It  was  as  follows : — 
last  the  French  Admiral,  Baudin,  "  The  Parliament  declares — 
who  was  with  hia  squadron  in  the  1.  Ferdinand  and  his  dynasty  are 
bay,  interi'ered,  and  threatened  for  ever  fallen  from  the  throne  of 
that,  unless  the  disorder  was  put  Sicily,  3.  Sicily  shall  govern 
an  end  to,  he  would  land  a  force  herself  constitutionally,  and  call  to 
sufficient  to  provent  further  vio-  the  throne  an  Italian  Prince,  as 
lence  and  bloodshed.  Upon  this  soon  as  she  shall  have  reformed 
the  troops  ceased  firing ;  but  the  her  Katuto. 

King  was  already  master  of  the  "  Done  and  resolved  at  Palermo, 

flag.     Martial  law  was  proclaimed,  on  the  13th  of  April, 

the    National   Guard  suppressed,  —     -     .. 
and   the    Chamber   of   Deputies 
dissolved. 

Sicilian  Chamber  met,  under  the  jhe  Piwident  of  the  Kingdom,  Rbo- 

presidenty  of  the  Marquis  de  Tor-  oiao  Sbttiho." 
rearsa.      At  the   opening   of  the 

Bitting,  the  Minister  for  Foreign  It  was,  however,  not  very  easy 
A&irs  declared  that  Sicily  was  to  select  a  new  King  in  the  midst 
desirous  to  join  the  Italian  League,  of  the  confusion  and  changes  which 
and  trusted  that  she  would  be  able  were  unsettling  Italy.  The  ma- 
te defeat  the  intrigues  of  the  King  jority  of  the  Parliament  were 
of  Naples.  M.  Patemostro  ob-  decidedly  in  favour  of  a  consti- 
served  that  Sicily  was  bound  to  tutional  monarshy  as  the  form  of 
ahake  off  her  King,  and  proposed  Ooverament,  and  their  choice  fell 
accordingly  to  decree  on  that  veiy  at  last,  on  the  11th  of  July,  upon 
day  that  Ferdinand  of  Bourbon  the  Duke  of  Genoa,  second  son  of 
and  his  dynas^  bad  forfeited  the  Charles  Albert,  King  of  Sardinia, 
throne  of  Sicily.  M.  La&rina  The  young  Prince  had  shown  both 
said  that  Sicily  could  only  choose  courage  and  capacity  in  the  cam- 
a  Sovereign  in  the  families  of  paign  in  LomWdy.  The  follow- 
Tuscany  or  Savoy.  But,  he  added,  ing  are  the  terms  of  the  decree 
let  us  &rst  think  of  ourselves— let  whereby  the  Sicilian  Parliament 
us  organize  oar  own  resouroes,  and  invited  him  to  take  possession  of 

J  rove  to  all  that  we  wish  to  be  the  throne : — 

talians.     Futuri^  shall   decide  "Art.  I.  The  Duke  of  Genoa, 


HapUt  and  SieUy.]          HISTORY.  [337 

Mcond  Bon  of  the  present  King  of  "  The  bombardment  of  the  tovn 

Sardinia,    and  his   poeterity,   are  was  continued  daring  the  whole  of 

called  to  TeigQ  in  Sicily,  according  the  3rd  instant,  and  commenced 

to  the  constitutional  statutea  of  the  again  at  daylight  on  the  1th,  and 

lOth  of  Jolj,  1848.  was  kept  up  without  intennission 

"  Art.  S.  He   will   assume  the  on  both  sides  until  dusk.     On  the 

name  and  title  of  Albert  Amed^e  6th  the  Sicilians  did  not  commence 

I.,  King  of  Sicily,  in  virtue  of  the  firing,  although  their  batteries  had 

constitution  of  the  kingdom.  not  suffered  greatly ;  they  appeared 

"  Art  3.  He  shall  be  invited  to  to  be  saving  their  ammunition ; 
accept  and  take  the  oath  required  but  in  the  afternoon  the  firing  be- 
by  the  40tb  article  of  the  sta-  came  general  on  both  sides.  At 
tutes."  two  p.K.  the  BuUdog  arrived,  and 

Against  this  Act  the  King  of  at  four  the  French  ship  Htrende, 
Naples  drew  up  a  formal  protest,  the  captain  of  which  immediately 
declarii^it  "illegal,  null,  and  of  'pathimself  in  communication  with 
noe5ect;"and  the  Dukeof  Oenoa  me  and  assured  me  of  his  assis^ 
had  the  prudence  to  decline  the  ance  in  endeavouring  to  stop  blood- 
proffered  crown.  Ferdinand  now  shed  as  much  as  poseible.  Two 
equipped  an  expedition  against  steamers  with  troops,  and  many 
hu  revolted  subjects,  and,  on  the  boats  in  tow,  landed  about  SOOU 
30th  of  August,  a  body  of  14,000  troops  at  the  citadel, 
soldiers  sailed  in  two  frigates  and  At  six  p.u.  Signor  Firaino  came 
twenty  steamers  for  Messina,  where  on  board  with  a  deputation  to  beg 
on  their  arrival  they  joined  the  me  if  possible  to  send  the  BvUdog 
royal  troops  already  in  the  garrison,  to  Palermo,  which  I  declined  to  do 
The  city  was  then  summoned  to  until  they  assured  me  that  it  was 
Burrender,  but  refused;  and  on  the  for  the  purpose  of  consulting  with 
find  of  September  a  simultaneous  the  Parliament  of  Palermo  on  the 
attack  was  made  upon  it  &om  the  actual  state  of  afbirs  here,  and  to 
fire  of  the  garrison,  the  Keapo-  request  conditions  on  what  they 
Utan  fleet  in  the  harbour,  and  a  were  to  urge  if  they  should  be  re- 
large  force  which  had  landed  on  quired  to  surrender.  I  then  de- 
the  shore.  The  citizens  fought  sired  Signor  Piraino  to  writ«  me  a 
with  desperation ;  but  the  contest  letter  to  th^  effect  (copy  inclosed], 
was  too  unequal,  and  after  a  bom-  and,  having  acquainted  the  captain 
bardment  of  four  days,  during  of  die  Hereule  with  my  intendon, 
which  a  large  portion  of  the  city  the  BvUdog  left  this  for  Palermo 
was  reduced  to  ruins,  they  were  at  nine  o'clock,  vrith  a  deputy  for 
compelled  to  surrender.  The  con-  the  aforesaid  purpose, 
lest  was  marked  by  circumstances  "The  bombardment  continued 
of  atrocity  on  both  sides,  and  acts  Uie  whole  day,  and  a  partial  firing 
of  vindictive  cruelty  disgraced  both  on  both  sides  was  kept  up  during 
the  conquerors  and  the  conquered,  the  night.     On  the  morning  of  the 

The  following  account  of  the  6th  the  Neapolitan  squadron,  oon- 

bombardmeat  is  taken  from  a  let-  sistingof  two  frigates,  one  corvette, 
ter  addressed  by  Captun  Robb,  of    thirteen  steamers,   and    nineteen 

H.U  S.  Gladiator,  to  Vice- Admiral  gun-boats,  with  other  boats  in  tew. 

Sir  William   Parker,    who    com-  came  over  from  Reggie,  and  under 

masded  the  Ueditetranean  fleet.  their  fire  a  landing  of  the  troops. 

Vol.  XC.  [Z] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Dmmark, 


vaa  effected.  The  firing  from  the 
citadel  and  Sicilkn  batteries  and 
the  Neapolitaa  squadron  became 
general,  and  it  was  difficult  to  see 
the  issue  of  the  battle  from  the 
great  smoke,  as  all  the  countiy  «t 
the  south  of  the  town  e^ipaaied  to 
be  in  flsinea 

.  ..."  In  the  meaatime,  five 
A.if.  (Sept.  7),  the  steam-vessela 
which  had  retamed  to  Reggie  on 
the  previous  morning,  returned 
frith  fresh  troops,  the  citadel  and 
Salratore  open^  their  fire  upon 
the  town;  the  Sicilians  had  ex- 
pended all  their  ammanition  on 
the  previous  night,  and  not  a  single 
■hot  has  been  fired  during  this 
day,  ;et  the  bombardment  of  the 
town  continued  until  ten  o'clock, 
when  the  firing  became  Blackened ; 
but  the  city  was  in  fiamea  fixim  one 
end  to  the  other,  and  it  is  scarcely 
possible  that  a  single  house  can 
have  escaped  this  constant  born* 
bardment  of  five  days  and  nights. 
In  the  afternoon  the  Neapolitan 
colours  were  hoisted  on  the  heights 
behind  the  town;  the  few  people 
who  remained  in  the  town  fled 
from  it,  and  were  reoeived  on  board 
any  vessel  that  could  be  found, 
and  were  placed  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  French  and  English 
ships.  A  French  and  English 
officer  waited  for  a  reply  to  the 
conditions  until  after  dark.  The 
firing  had  oeased.  The  town  was 
burning  in  eleven  different  places, 
and  the  whole  population  of  Mes- 
sina had  deserted  it." 

In  the  meantime  the  revolu- 
tionary Government  at  Palermo 
mode  the  most  vigorous  prepara- 
tiouB  for  resistBDce.  The  inluUut- 
ants  hailed  with  joy  the  news  of 
the  urival  of  the  force  destined  to 
reduce  them  to  submission,  and 
illuminated  the  town,  to  mark 
their  eagerness  for    the  oonfiict 


The  National  Ouard  was  wuMUted, 
and  it  was  resolved  that  seven 
military  camps  should  be  formed 
at  UilazEO,  Taormina,  Syntonse, 
Catania,  Oirgenti,  Trap&ni,  and 
Palermo.  The  peasants  oome  in 
from  all  parts  of  the  island,  and 
throughout  Sicily  a  spirit  ^  en- 
thusiastic (^position  was  roused, 
which  promised  to  moke  the  cam- 
paign of  the  Neapolitan  troops  a 
difficult  and  donbtful  one. 

DENMARK.— On  the  20th  of 
January,  Christian  VIII.,  King  of 
Denmark,  died  after  a  severe  ill- 
ness, and  his  son,  the  Grovni  Prince, 
was  immediately  proclaimed  King. 
as  Frederick  VII.  One  ot  hu 
fint  acts  was  to  promulgate  the 
following  plan  of  a  new  Constitu- 
tion, which  appeared  on  the  S8th 
of  Janiuu7  under  the  signature  of 
the  Ministers  of  State :  Stemann, 
Orsted,  Beutxen,  Halm,  Algrees, 
and  Ussnig. 

"  For  die  pnipofle  of  [Hitting  in 
eseontion  the  {Mans  projected  by 
our  beloved  father  Christian  VIII., 
and  which  we  had  oorselves  ad- 
vised, and  in  our  desire  that  tbia 
work  shall  0M>perate  in  maiiUain- 
ing  the  independenoe  ef  the  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  kingdom,  as  well 
as  their  union  in  a  well-ordered 
whole,  we  have  resolved  to  take 
into  consideration  the  introduotion 
of  such  a  CoDstiliition  as  will  in- 
sure equally  the  inalienable  ri^ite 
of  our  Crown,  gmuaatee  the  rights 
of  our  dear  and  &ithful  subjects  in 
general,  and  secure  the  interests 
and  privil^es  of  the  inhabitants. 
For  Uiese  purposea  we  propose  to 
establish  Common  States  for  omr 
kingdom  of  Denmark  and  our 
duchies  of  Schleswig  and  Holstein. 
elected  in  equal  number  in  our 
kingdom  and  ourdochies,  to  assem- 
ble regulariy  at  fixed  periods,  alter- 


P<nm^.]  HISTORY.  [339 

uatel;  in  our  kiogdom  and  our  UniTerdties  oi  Copenbagen  and 
duchies.  The  rights  nhich  we  in-  Kiel.  .  .  . 
tend  attributing  to  these  States  "  The  elections  for  the  choioe  of 
will  consist  in  decisive  votes  for  these  Delegates  will  take  place  in 
the  change  of  taxes  aud  for  the  ad-  March  next,  in  various  towns  which 
ministering  of  the  finaooea,  as  well  we  shall  name,  as  soon  as  each 
as  passing  laws  touching  the  com-  Member  of  the  Assemblies  of  the 
mon  affairs  of  the  kingdom  and  the  Provincial  States  shall  receive  an 
duchies.  We  will  also  authorize  order  b;  a  Boyal  rescript.  Com* 
the  same  States  to  present  propo-  missioners,  appointed  hj  us,  pre- 
aitians  relating  to  o^eota  within  siding  over  the  proceedings.  When 
their  sphere  of  activity,  immedi-  the  electiooB  shall  have  termioated, 
st«l7  concerning  the  common  in-  and  the  reanlts  have  been  made 
terests  of  the  kingdom  and  the  known  to  us,  we  will  nominate,  to 
duchies  of  our  several  provinces,  be  added  to  the  Delegates,  eight  ! 
By  this  Constitution  of  the  States  persons  from  our  kingdom  of  Den-  ', 
nothing  is  to  be  changed  in  the  mark,  four  from  the  duchy  of  ^^ 
geaeial  ordinances  of  ^e  28th  of  Schleswig,  and  four  from  that  of  -■ 
Maj,  1831,  or  the  ISth  of  May,  Holstein.  The  whole  number  of 
1831,  respecting  the  organization  Delegates  to  be  appointed  is,  there- 
of the  jHovincislStates  incur  king-  fore,  fif^-two,  twen^'sii;  for  Den- 
dom  of  Denmark  and  our  duchies  mark,  and  twenty.six  for  the 
of  Schleswig  and  Holstein,  or  in  duchies  of  Schleswig  and  Holstein. 
the  present  relations  of  those  Two  months  aftermrds,  at  the 
duchies,  or  in  those  of  our  duchies  latest,  these  Delegates  shall  assem- 
of  Holstein  and  LAnenburg  with  ble  on  a  day  fixed  by  ns  in  our  Pa* 
the  Germanic  Conftderation,  or  in  lace  of  Copenhagen,  under  the  pre- 
the  Constitution  of  this  latter  sidency  of  some  of  our  highest 
duchy,  or  in  the  oi^Qtzation  of  functionaries,  and  shall  commence 
the  Althii^  of  our  island  of  Iceland,  their  labours,  continuing  them  until 
In  fine,  the  law  of  the  Constitution  we  think  fit  to  cause  them  to  cease. 
will  protect  equally  the  Danish  and  We  reserve  to  ourselves,  however, 
German  languages  in  those  dis*  independently  of  the  special  object 
tiicts  of  Schleswig  where  the  Ian-  of  their  convocation,  to  submit  to 
guages  coexist  Before  giving  to  their  examination  certain  matters 
the  new  Constitution  the  force  of  relative  to  legislation  and  adminis- 
law,  we  shall  submit  it  to  intelli.  tration,  which  at  a  later  period  shall 
gent  and  experienced  men  eiyoying  be  laid  before  tbe  Provincial  Slates 
tbeoonfidenceof theircountiymen.  when  assembled  this  year;  parti- 
In  order  to  give  our  dear  si^jecta  enlarly  the  establishment  of  a  gene- 
a  pnxrf  t^  our  great  confidence  in  ral  Militia,  the  regulation  of  the 
them,  we  shall  leave  the  choice  of  monetary  system,  and  the  final 
the  m^rity  of  these  Delegates  to  dispositjons  touching  the  order  in 
the  different  categories  of  the  De-  which  Royal  and  private  proposi- 
pnties  sitting  in  uie  Assemblies  of  tions  shall  be  discussed  in  tbe  Pro- 
the  provincial  States  by  right  of  vineiel  States.  In  the  discussions, 
election,  as  well  as  to  Uie  dergy,  any  Member  may  employ,  as  he 
prelates,  and  landed  nobility  in  uie  think  fit,  the  two  languages  of  the 


duchies  of  Holstein   and    Schles-     country,  and  the  minutes  shall  also 
wis,  and  to  the  consistories  of  the    be  drawn  up  in  both  tongues.  The 

[2  3]      .    .   .      ._ 


340]      ANKUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [SchUmHg-HoUuin. 


result  of  the  discussions  shall  after- 
wards be  submitted  to  us,  that  we 
may  declare  our  Royal  will  con- 
cerning them.  If  we  feel  a  lively 
joy  in  finishing  the  work  com- 
menced by  our  deceased  father, 
our  satisfaction  is  doubled  by  the 
thought,  that  we  are  enabled  to 
publiBb  this  decree  on  the  anniver- 
saiy  of  the  birth  of  £ing  Frederick 
VI.  of  glorious  memory,  and  thus 
unite  the  remembrance  of  the 
founder  of  the  institution  of  the 
Provincial  States  to  the  undertak- 
ing which  he  prepared  by  that  in- 
stitution." 

SC  H  LESWIG-HOLSTEIN.— 
The  chief  interest  that  attached 
to  the  afiairs  of  Denmark  during 
the  present  year  lay  in  the  quarrel 
that  arose  between  the  Danish 
Crown  and  its  provinces  of  Schles- 
wig  and  Holstein.  which  led  to 
Ihe  outbreak  of  a  war,  and  the 
armed  interference  of  the  German 
Confederation  in  the  politics  of 
that  kingdom.  To  understand  the 
cause  of  this  war,  we  must  go  back 
to  a  distant  period,  and  give  a 
rapid  narrative  of  eome  previous 
events. 

The  Duchy  of  Holstein,  as  con- 
stituted since  the  dissolution  of 
the  German  Empire  in  1806,  is 
made  up  of  the  two  ancient  German 
counties  of  Holstein  and  Stormam, 
the  lordship  of  Pinneberg,  the 
county  of  Ranzan,  the  Frisian  re- 
public of  Ditmarsh  on  the  North 
Sea,  and  the  Tendic  district  of 
Wagria  on  the  Baltic.  It  includes, 
likewise,  within  ite  territorial  limits 
the  ancient  Vendic  principality  of 
Eutin,  now  a  dependency  of  the 
Dukes  of  Oldenburg.  Adjoining 
to  itA  BOutb-eaatem  frontier  is  the 
Duchy  of  Lanenburg,  whilst  on 
its  northern  frontier  the  Eider 
JUver,  and  the  canal 


that  river  with  the  Baltic  Sea, 
separates  it  from  the  Duchy  of 
Schleswig.  Of  the  three  Duchies, 
Schleswig  is  the  most  extensive, 
having  a  surface  of  ^ut  1S5 
German  geographical  square  miles, 
whilst  Holstein  contains  only  1S5, 
and  Lauenbui^  not  more  than  19. 

The  Duchy  of  Schleswig  occu- 
pies the  same  limits  as  the  ancient 
Dnchy  of  South  Jutland,  extending 
from  the  town  of  Rendsburg  as  &r 
north  as  Holding  *. 

Oaths  ISth  August,  ISaS.bythe 
constitution  of  Waldemar,  King  of 
Denmark,  Count  Gerhard  de  Hol- 
stein and  Stormam  received  the 
Duchy  of  South  Jutland  as  an 
hereditary  fief,  with  royal  rights 
over  the  vassals  of  the  territory  of 
Schleswig;  and  it  was  provided 
that  the  Duohy  of  South  Jutland 
should  never  be  united  to  the 
crown  of  Denmark,  so  that  there 
should  be  one  Lord  {dommut)  over 
the  two  countries +.  On  the  15th 
of  August,  1439,  Duke  Adolphus 
obtained  Wn  the  Emperor  Albert 
II.,  the  confirmation  of  his  rights 
over  Schleswig,  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year  he  received  investiture  as 
its  hereditary  feudal  lord.  As  such, 
on  the  3rd  of  March,  1460,  he  re- 
quired the  States,  both  Schleswig 
and  Holstein,  to  take  the  oath  ^ 
fealty  to  the  son  of  his  sister. 
Count  Christian  d'  Oldenburg 
(Christian  I.),  and  his  descendants. 
Christian  declared  in  the  act  of 
the  6th  of  March,  1460,  that,  not 
having  been  named  Duke  of  Sdiles- 
nig-Holstein  in  his  title  of  King 
of  Denmark,  he  acknowledged  the 

•  Thii  deicriplion  of  the  two  DudiiM 
b  ttktn  frran  the  able  work  of  Dr.  Twim. 
"  On  (lie  reUtioni  of  tbe  Ducbtct  at 
Scfalenrig  uid  Hobtein  lo  ihe  Crovn  of 
Depmuk  4nd  the  OemuDio  Confedera- 
tion."    London,  1848. 

-h  Ita  ut  unut  Bt  Dominui  utriiaque. 


Sdto«ij-H»tei»,]        HISTORY.  [341 

ri^t  of  tbe  Dacal  St&tea  to  choose  the  treaty  of  Roesbild,  which  vas 

a  eucceasoT  amongst  his  children ;  soon  after  followed  by  tbe  treaty 

and  he  also  declared  that  Schlea-  of  Copenhagen.     In  pursuance  of 

trig  and  Holstein  onght  to  be  for  the  provisions  of  the  latter,  he 

ever  united.    The  GonstitutioD  of  agreed  to  cede   the    sovereignty 

Waldemar    and    this   declaration  over  the  Gottorp  portion  of  the 

constitute     tbe    foundation    upon  Duchy  of  Scbleanig  to  the  Duke 

which  Schleswig  and  Holstein  rest  of  Holstein  Gottorp,  and  he  ac- 

their  claims.  cordingly  made  a  formal  grant  of 

The  right  of  election,  however,  that  sovereignty  to  Duke  Frederick 
aeemstohaveremtunedin  abeyance  of  Gottorp.  In  1660  an  altemtioa 
until  1688,  when,  on  the  deaths  in  the  mode  of  auccession  to  the 
of  King  Frederick  II.  and  Duke  Danieh  crown  took  place,  and  it 
Adolphus,  the  Estates  exerdsed  it  was  declared  to  be  henceforth 
with  the  sanction  of  the  Queen-  hereditary  in  the  male  and  female 
Mother  of  Denmark,  and  chose  descendantsofKingFredericklll. 
King  Christian  IV.  as  head  of  the  Constant  hostilities  occuixed  be- 
Boyid  Duchies,  and  Duke  Philip  tween  the  Kings  of  Denmark  and 
of  Gottorp.  head  of  the  Gottorp  Dukes  of  Hoi  stein-Got  lorp,  and 
Duchies.  Duke  Philip  died  shortly  during  the  great  Northern  war 
afterwards,  and  his  next  brother,  between  Denmark  and  Russia  on 
John' Adolphus.  was  elected  to  sue-  the  one  side,  and  Sweden  on  the 
ceed  him.  The  Prince,  in  1608,  other,  which  broke  out  at  the  end 
introduced  a  new  arrangement  to  of  the  year  1709,  the  King  of 
n^late  the  succession  in  future.  Denmark,  in  1714,  having  dnven 
With  tbe  sanction  of  the  Emperor  the  Swedish  troops,  under  General 
Budolph  II.,  SB  Sovereign  Lord  Stenbocb,  out  of  Holstein.  took 
over  Holstein,  and  of  Christian  forcible  possession  of  the  Duchy, 
IV..  as  Sovereign  Lord  over  and  maintained  it  until  the  close 
Schleswig,  he  enacted  a  statute  of  tbe  war.  In  1715  France 
whereby  tbe  succession  in  tbe  two  concluded  a  defensive  alliance  for 
Gottorp  Duchies  was  entailed  upon  three  years  with  Sweden,  and 
the  eldest  heir  male  by  right  of  Prussia  and  England  with  Den- 
primogeniture,  and  accormagly,  mark  and  Russia,  guaranteeing  to 
upon  nis  death,  in  1610,  his  eldest  Denmark  possession  of  the  Gottorp 
too,  Frederick  III.,  succeeded  him  Duchy  of  Schleswig,  contra  quo*- 
in  the  Duchies.  The  Estates  after  cumqtte.  Sweden  afterwards  under- 
a  short  resistance  acquiesced  in  took  not  to  interfere  between  the 
tfaiaohaogefromelectJontodescent,  Duke  of  Holstein-Gottorp  and  the 
and,  a  similar  alteration  being  ef-  King  of  Denmark,  and  not  to 
fected  in  1650  by  King  Frederick  oppose  any  provisions  for  future 
III.  with  respect  to  the  succession  settlement  which  France  and  Eng- 
in  the  two  Royal  Duchies,  the  land,  as  mediating  powers,  might 
practice  of  election  became  in  all  think  fit  to  adopt 
the  Duchies  wholly  obsolete.  The   result  was,  that  the  per- 

In  1658  Christian  IV.,  King  petual  and  peaceable  possession  of 
of  Denmark,  was  compelled  to  the  Ducal  part  of  Schlesw^  vaa 
yield  to  tbe  terms  of  peace  im-  guaranteed  to  the  Crown  of  Den- 
posed  upon  him  by  Gustavus  Adol-  mark  by  those  two  Powers  ;  and 
pbos.  King  of  Sweden,  and  sign  the  King  of  Denmark  was  enjoined 


342]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  I8chu»wig-B<^tm. 

by  the  Emperor  of  Qermany,  as  deriok,  the  Kill's  brother,  and  Us 

his  BuzertUD,  in  respect  of   the  male  descendants  *. 

rof  al  portion  of  the  Duchy,  to  re-  The  result  of  the  inqniry  into 

store  to  the  Duke  of  Hobtein-  the  claims  of  tbe  tvo  Duchies  to 

Oottorp  the  Gottorp  portion  of  the  be    considered    members   of  tbe 

Duchy  of  Holstetn.  German  Confederation  seems  to 

The  Duke  of  Holstein-Gottorp,  be  that  the  Duchy  of  Schleswig 

honever,  reaiated  the  cession  of  has  been  always,  with  the  escep- 

the  Gottorp  portion  of  Schleswig  tion  of  the  interval  between  1858 

to  the  Crown  of  Denmark,  and,  on  and  1721,  during  which  it  enjoyed 

his     marriage    with     the     eldest  a  state  of  doubtful  independence, 

daughter  of  Peter  the  Great,  he  a  fief  of  the  Crown  of  Denmark, 

strove  to  influence   the  Court  of  while    Holatein    hss    been    from 

Russia  in  his  favour.    Peter  the  time  immemorial  a  fief  of  Oer- 

Great  died  in  1730,  and  his  son,  many.     Let  as  now  see  what  is 

Charles  Peter  Ulricfa,  who  sue-  the  law  of  descent  in  these  conn- 

ceeded  as  Peter  Til.  to  the  thioae  tries. 

of  Russia,  did  not  live  long  enough  In  Denmark  the  Buccession  of 

to  carry  into  eEToct  his  designs  the  Crown  is  so  regulated  that,  on 

ftgiunst  the  retention  of  the  coveted  the  nule  line  failing,  the  fenudea 

portion  of  Schleswig  by  the  Danes,  of  the  same  line  must  be  called  to 

Upon   his   death,    the    Empress  the  throne ;  but  in  the  Duchies  *€ 

Catherine  II.  became,  during  the  Schleswig  and  Holstein,  and  in 

minority  of  tlie  Grand  Duke  Paul,  that   of  Lauenbargh,   joined    to 

Regent  of  the  Gottorp  portion  of  Holstein  since    1816,  the  law  of 

the  Duchy  of  Hobtein,  and  she  primogeniture,  with  preference  to 

consented,  in  1767,  to  renounce,  in  the  descendants  of  males,  is  in 

tbe  name  of  the  Grand  Duke,  the  force  ;  so  much  so,  that,  after  the 

Gottorp  portion  of  Schleswig,  and  extinction  of  the  elder  Royal  line 

to  cede   the   Gottorp    portion  of  in  the  males,  it  is  not  the  women 

Holstein    in    exchange    for   the  of  that  same  branch,  but  the  males 

counties  of  Oldenburg  and  Delmen-  of  tbe  next  collateral  line,  namely, 

botst,  subject  to  tbe  ratification  of  the  line  of  Holstein,  Sonderbnr^. 

die  Grand  Duke  on  his  attaining  and  Augnsten burgh,  who  have  UM 

his  majority.    This  ratification  was  right  to  succeed, 

given  by  the  Grand  Duke  in  the  After  tbe  death  of  KingFrederick 

treaty  of  Zaisko-S^lo  of  1773,  by  TI.  (Dec.  9,  1839),  the  queedon  of 

whiui  he  renounced,  as  head  of  succession  in  the  two  portions  of 

the  elder  Gottorp  line,  for  himself  the  kingdom  revived,  and  diers 

and  his  descendimts,  all  his  rights  arose  amongst  theprovincial  states, 

to  tbe  Duchy  of  Schleswig,  and  established  by  the  law  of  the  ISth 

especially  to  the  Ducal  part  of  tbe  of  Uay,  1834,  tbe  disputes  which 

said  Duchy,  in  &vour  of  tbe  King  broke  out  into  open  war  kfter  the 

of  Denmark  and  the  beirs  of  tbe  death  of  Gbristun  VIIT.  in  the 

Crown  tCron-Erben),  and  furtber  present  year.     Tbe  representatiTe 

ceded.in  behalf  of  the  same  parties,  slates  of  Schleswig,  founding  their 

the  Oottorp  portion  of  tbe  Duchy  claim  upon  the  Act  of  Christian  I, 

of  Holstein  to  tbe  King  of  Den-  (March    6.    1461),    demanded    a 

mark  and  his  male  descendants,  ,  g^  ^^.^  j,^.,  ^^^  (previouJy 

and  eventually  to  the  Prince  Fre-  quoM],  ptga  40. 


StUmng-mbt^.]       HISTORY.  [343 

uinoD  irith  thoM  of  Holstdn.  but  attentkm  to  the  sulyect  would  be 

vere  dismissed  by  a  Rojral  nuBsire  given,  in  order  to  obtain  the  de- 

on  the  9th  of  July,  184i.     The  sired  result  that  the  integrity  of 

representative  states  of  Jutland,  on  the  Danish  States,  or  rather  the 

the  18th  vt  July,  1644,  expressed  united  State  of  Denmark,  might  bo 

their  hope   that,   looking  at   the  generally  acknowledged, 
activity  of  the  party  in  the  Dochy,        Against  this  Royel  declaration,  ■ 

tending  to  the  diasolution  of  the  the  representative  Statea  of  HoI> 

Uona^y,    meaaures    would   be  stein  voted  a  protest  on  the  34th 

adoptedtomaiDtaintheendangered  of  July,  1848,  and,  when  the  Com- 

unity  of  the  nation.    The  States  of  missaiy  of  the  Crown  refused  to 

Holat«in  propoaed  on  the  SSrd  of  receive  thia,  they  applied  to  the 

October,   1844,  that  the   mutual  Oennan  Confederation  on  the  3rd 

relations  between  the  Danish  and  of  August  in  that  year,  and  soon 

Oennan  parties  should  be  guaron-  aftorwards.the  King  also  addresaed 

teed  by  the  Sovereign;    and  the  to  the  same  body  an  explanation  of 

AsaemblyatRoeskilddemandedon  the  state  of  afiaire.   Upon  this  the 

the  0th  of  November,  in  the  same  Diet  passed  a  resolution  to  the 

year,  that  the  King  should  declare  effect  that  it  felt  confident  that  the 

that  Schleswig  and  Holstein  were  King,  occupied  with  the  care  of 

intognd  parts   td  Denmark,   and  governing  his  States,  would  respect 

could  never  be  separated  from  it.  thenghtoofalt  parties, "especially 

They   repeated    this   demand  in  those  also  of  the  Oennan  Con- 

stronger   terms  on  the   17th  of  federation    and  of  the  collateral 

December,   1844,    and  with  the  bmnches  who  had  a  right  to  the 

Uiniator  Orsted's  approbation,  so  succession,  and  those  of  the  repre- 

that  the  States  of  Holstoin  saw  sentative  States  of  the  Duchy  of 

themselves  under  the  necessity  of  Holstein." 
protesting  agunst    this  proposal        On   the  aist  of  October,  the 

(31st  December,  1844),  and  those  representative  chamber  of  Sobles- 

of  Lanenburgh  joined  them  in  the  wig  having  received    the    Boyal 

jHOteet.  decision  relative  to  the  reunion  of 

On  the  8th  of  July,  1846,  ap-  the  Chambers  of  ihe  two  Duchies, 

peered  the  Lstter  Patznt  of  the  which  refused  to  grant  its  demands. 

King,  Chhstisn  VIII.,  which  de-  it  protested  against  any  separation 

clared  that,  as  the  succession  in  the  from    Holstein,   and   against  any 

Duchy  of  Lanenburgh,  a  country  other  succession  than  that  of  males. 

BoquiredbytbeCrownof  Denmark,  The  petitions,  however, relating  to 

is  exempt  from  doubt,  that  in  the  this  subject  were  sent  back  to  the 

Duchy  of  Schleswig  was  also,  by  President  by  the  Royal  Commis- 

virtue  of  the  Boyu^  letter  of  the  sary,  and  afterwards  thirty-four  of 

)lStndofAngust,1791,theguarantee  the  Deputiee  refused  any  further 

given  by  France  and  England,  end  cooperation;  whereupon  the  for- 

afterwarda  by  the  conventions  con-  mal  dissoludon  of  the  Chambers 

eluded  with  Koseia,  on  the  33nd  was  pronounced  on  the  14th  of 

of  April,   1767,  and  the   1st  of  December.  Holstoin,  with  the  pro- 

June,    1773;   and   also   that  as  vince  of  Raotzau  and   the  lord- 

remrded  Holstein  there  was  some  ship  of  Pinneberg,  had  formed  an- 

diracul^  in  pronoonoing  positively  dently  part  of  the  circle  of  Lower 

npon  its  claims,  but  that  eveiy  Saxony ;  but,  after  the  dissolution 


344]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [ScUnwig-HoUuin. 

of  the  Qennan  Empire,  a  Royal  elactore  of  SchleswiR-Holstedn  de- 

proclamatdoa,  dated SepUmberQth,  termined  od  the  IStb  of  Febnuiy 

1806,    incorporated    it  with    the  toelectdeputies.buttoei^ointhem 

kingdom  of  Denmark.  at  the  eame  time  to  protest  against 

At  the  Congresa  of  Vienna  there  the  union  of  the  repreaentatiTes 

appeared  amongst  the  members  a  of  Denmark  with  those  of   the 

representative   from  die  King  of  Duchies,  as  it  was  necessary  for 

Denmark  for  Holstein.  their  separate  interests  that  they 

By  the  Convention  with  Prussia  should  have  a  separate  Chamber, 
on  the  4tb  of  June,  1816,  and  A  meeting  of  the  States  of  the 
after  the  cession  of  its  r^ts  to  two  Duchies  was  held  at  Reads- 
Swedish  Pomerania  and  the  Isle  of  burgh,  in  the  month  of  Maroh, 
Bugen,ontfae  14thof  JannBry,1814,  and  on  the  26ch  a  deputation  was 
Denmark  acquired  the  Duchy  of  appointed  to  proceed  to  Copen- 
I^uenbui^h,  which,  like  Holstein,  h^u,  and  lay  their  demands  be- 
had,  until  1806,  made  part  of  the  fore  the  King.  Some  apprehen- 
Oennan  empire,  and  of  which  the  sion  was  felt  Kir  the  safety  of  the 
representative  had  had  the  right  of  Deputies  in  consequence  of  the 
sitting  amongst  the  lay  members  of  hostile  feeling  of  the  Danes,  but 
the  Council  of  the  Princes  of  the  they  reached  the  capital  and  dis- 
Empire.  chuged  their  mission  without  suf- 

In  the  Act  of  the  German  Con-  fering  sny  outrage  or  harm.  The 
federation  ofthe  8th  of  June,  1816,  mode  in  which  the  King  met  the 
Denmark  was  included  ss  a  mem-  requisitions  will  appear  from  the 
her  of  the  Confederation  for  the  following  statement  which  he  ad- 
Duchies  of  Holstein  and  Laueo-  dressed  as  a  proclamation  to  the 
biu^h.  The  privileges  of  the  inhabitants  of  Copenh^en: — ' 
prelates,  and  of  the  Equestrian  "  We  have  replied  to  the  Schles- 
order  in  the  Duchy  of  Holstein,  wig-Holstein  Deputation,  that  we 
hadbeenoonfinnedattheaccession  neither  have  the  power  nor  the 
of  each  new  sovereign  to  the  will  to  suffer  Schleawig  to  pass  over 
throne,  but  thero  never  had  been  to  the  Germanic  Confederation,  or 
ameetingof  the  Statessince  1675,  to  be  separated  from  our  beloved 
andtheprelatesandtheEquestrian  fatherland,  but  that,  on  the  con- 
orderhadnotassembledsincelTlS.  trary,  Denmark  and  Schleswig 
The  two  ktter  bodies  applied  in  shall  be  joined  together  under  a 
1833  to  the  German  Diet  m  order  tna  constitution,  with  as  much 
to  maintain,  if  possible,  their  privi-  provincial  independence  for  Schles- 
leges  ;  and  a  Committee  of  the  wig  as  the  nature  of  the  case  per- 
Diet  was  appointed  on  the  10th  of  mils ;  while  Holstein,  on  the  other 
June,  1633,  to  demand  fmva  the  hand,  as  a  member  of  the  Ger- 
Danisb  Court  an  explanation  upon  manic  Confederation,  shall  have 
this  subject.  The  Diet,  however,  its  own  free  constitntion." 
afterwards  determined  not  to  take  The  revolution  which  had  been 
any  further  steps  in  the  matter  at  so  long  in  preparation,  and  the  ob- 
that  time.  ject  of  which  was  to  sever  the 
After  the  appearance  of  the  Duchies  from  the  Danish  crown. 
Royal  proclamation  of  the  38th  of  exploded  on  the  34th  of  Maroh,  on 
January  in  the  presentyear,  which  wluch  day  the  people  rose  at  Kiel 
has  been  already  meDtioned,  the  in  insuirection,  and  «  Provisional 


Schlttmg-Hokuin.}        HISTORY.  [346 

GovemmeDt   noa    formallT    pro-        "  That  a  oonsdtuUoii  for  Scbles- 

claioted  ia  the  aqaare  or  put*,  be-  wig-Hobtein  ia  a  dereliction  of  the 

lore  the  Bathhwis.    The;  imme-  rights  of  the  Danish  Crown  on 

diately  iBsned  a  proclamation  in  Schleewig,  to  which  the  King  has 

which  the;  eaid : —  no  right  to  submit,  nor  can  the 

_   .  Danian  nation  ever  sabmit  to  it 

"  FeUow  Cittxtns,—  ..  xji^  ^^  Danish  nation  is  will- 

"  Our  Duke  has  been  compelled  log  to  assist  the  Kins  b;  ever; 

t^  a  popular  insurrection  in  Co-  means  necessary  to  fuM  his  duties 

penbagen  to  dismiss  his  late  ad-  as  a  Sovereign,  and  to  defend  the 

viseia,  and  to  assume  a  hostile  atd-  maintenance  of  the  Sovereign  State 

lade  with  regard  to  the  Ducbi».  of  Denmark  and  Schteswig. 

"  The  will  of  the  Sovereign  ia        "  That   the    present   union  of 

no  longer  free,  and  the  country  ia  Denmark  and  Sn^leswig  can  only 

without  a  Government.    We  will  be  maintained  by  a  constitation 

not  tolerate  the  sacrifice  of  Ger-  common  to  both,  and  established 

man   territory  as   a.  prey  to   the  on  a  liberal  law  of  eleotioD." 
Danes !     Great   dangers    require        Next  day  it  was  publicly  an- 

great  resolutions,  and  leading  an-  nouuced  ttiat  the  King  had  dis- 

thorities  are  required  for  the  de-  missed    hia    Minislry,    and    was 

fence  of   the   frontiers,  and  the  actively  engaged  in  constructing  a 

maintenance  of  order.     In  accord-  new    Cabinet.     This    intelligence 

aocfl  with  the  demands  of  urgent  was  received  with  lond  cheers  by 

necessity,  and  relying  upon  the  the  populace.    A  new    Ministry 

confidence  hitherto  reposed  in  us,  was  immediately  formed,  at  the 

we  have,  in  compliance  with  the  head  of  which  was  Connt  Uoltke. 
cry  which  haa  been  raised  by  the        The  King  lost  no  time  in  ad- 

peo[de,    proviBionally   undertaken  dressing  proclamations  to  hia  re- 

the  coBduct  of  the  Government,  volted  sultjecta  in  Schleswig  and 

which  we  will  carry  on  for  the  Holatein.      To    the    former    he 

maintenance  of  the  rights  of  the  said : — 

conotiy,  and  those  of  our  native        "  To  you,  men  of  Schleswig,  I 

Duke,  and  in  his  name.  have  declared,  and  hereby  again 

We  will  forthwith  convene  the  declare,  Uiat  in  union  widi  Den- 

vniled  assembly  of  the  States,  and  nark  you  shall  now  obtain  a  free 

lay  down  the  power  which  we  have  and  popular  constitntion.     Your 

assumed  as  soon  as  the  Sovereign  independence      as      Schleswigers 

is  restored  to  freedom,  or  as  soon  shall,  conjoially  with  your  common 

as  other  persons  are  intrusted  with  constitution    with    Denmark,    be 

the  man^ement  of  public  affairs."  secured  by  a  Diet  of  your  own,  an 

Very  different,  as  might  be  ex-  administration  of  your  own,  and 

pected,  wsa  the  feeling  in  Den-  courts  of  your  own ;  by  a  like  share 

mark,  and,  when  news  of  the  move-  in  the  burdens  of  the  State  in  pro- 

ment  that  was  going  on  in  the  portion  to  your  population,  a  just 

Duchies  previous  to  the  actoal  out-  appUcatiou  of  the  surplus  revenue, 

break  of  the  insurrection  reached  and  an  equal  right  of  using  either 

Copenhagen,  a  public  meeting  was  the  German  or  Danish  luiguage, 

held  there  on  me  SOth  of  March,  whether  in  the  great  Assembly  of 

and  resolutions  were  passed  to  the  the  whole  realm  or  in  your  own 

following  efTect : —  Diet." 


346]     ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [8chle»«ig.Hoitimn. 

To  the  latter : —  which  the  Bpirit  as  mil  u  the 

,,       ,  „  ,     .  letter  of  the  Federal  Pact  impoee 

'Mm  o/HoUtnn.—  „p„„  hjn,^  and  atnmg  in  the  ad- 

"  My  heart  clings  to  you.     Yoa  hesion   of  the  national  vill,   the 

will  not  deetroj  the  holiest  inheri-  King  could  not,  in  presence  of  an 

ance  from  joor  bthera — the  fame  imminent  danger,  hesitate  to  take, 

of   Holstein   for   fidelit)'.     Your  in  concert  with  hia  German  allies, 

Duke  cannot  abandon  the  hope  the  initiative  of  a  poeition,  which 

^t  you  will  return  to  him.     You  will  without  donbt  readily  receive 

have    been    Hednced  hy  faithless  the  formal  sanction  of  the  Oer^ 

leadera,  who  do  not  think  of  your  manic  Confederation,  and  in  which 

weal,  hut  only  of  their  own  am>  that  GonfederHtiott,  by  ita  oraan, 

bitious  plana.    Under  my  name  the  Diet,  will  speedily  declare  her- 

they  leoa  you  into  ruin ; — only  by  self  bound  to  acquiesce, 

pretending  that  I  was  not  free,  they  "  Pmseia,  in  assuming  this  atti- 

hsTe  induced  yon  to  follow  them."  tude,  does  in  nowise  mistake  the 

The  first  sitting  of  the  General  rights  of  sovere^ty  which   His 

Assembly    of    Schleswig-Holstein  Majesty   the    King   of  Denmark 

took  place  at  Bendsburg,  on  the  possesses  in  his  quality  as  Duke 

Srd  of  April,  when  the  proposal  of     Schleswig-Holstein.      Those 

for   annexing    Schleswig    to    the  rights  are  not  the  less  sacred  in 

German  Oonfederation  was  carried  the  eyes  of  the  Prussian  Govern- 

with  only  two  dissentient  voices.  ment  than  in  those  of  the  Duchies 

The  strongly  expressed  wish  on  themselves." 
the  part  of  both  the  Duchies,  to  be  A  war  immediately  commenced, 
considered  as  part  of  the  German  which,  with  various  alternations  of 
family,  and  withdraw  their  allegi-  success  on  either  side,  did  not  ter- 
once  fi<om  the  Danish  Crown  in  ^e  minate  until  the  month  of  August. 
event  of  the  King  Ferdinand  VII.  The  Frankfort  Assembly  imme- 
dying  without  issue,  excited  in  Ger-  diately  passed  a  vote  approving  of 
many,  as  might  be  expected,  warm  the  conduct  of  the  King  of  Prussia, 
sympathy  in  their  flavour,  and,  as  and  on  the  13th  of  April  the  fbl- 
they werethemselvesntterlyunable  lowing  resolntians  were  carried: — 
to  oope  with  the  military  power  of  "  I.  The  Confederation  te  bound 
Denmark,  tbey  looked  to  Germany,  to  represent  the  interests  and 
and  ^specially  Prussia,  for  assist-  rights  of  the  Dnchy  of  Holstein  in 
ance.  The  latter  was  not  slow  in  anion  with  Schleswig,  and  to  pro- 
responding  to  the  appeal,  and,  on  tect  them, 
the  ftth  of  April,  a  body  of  Prus-  "  H.  His  Mi^es^  the  Emg  of 
siaa  troops,  under  the  command  of  Pmssia  is  authorised  to  endeavonr 
General  Von  Wrangel  crossed  the  by  friendly  means  to  repnsent  to 
Holstein  frontier,  with  the  avowed  the  King  of  Denmark  the  neces- 
ol^ect  of  supporting  by  force  the  sity  of  evacuating  the  Duchy  of 
claims  of  the  two  Duchies  ^inat  Schleswig,  and,  ehoidd  tliis  be  of 
Denmark.  In  a  note  addressed  no  avail,  to  order  the  troops  of  the 
by  the  Prussian  Qoveniment  to  Confederation  to  conquer  it. 
the  Danish  Minister  at  Berlin,  the  "  9.  The  establishnl  FrovisioDal 
former  attempted  the  following  Government  of  these  Duchies,  in 
justification  of  its  conduct : —  the  name  of  their  Duke,  is  ocknow- 

"  Moved  by  a  sense  of  the  duty  ledged  by  the  Confederation,  and 


SchUmig-HobutTt.]       HISTORY,  [347 

is  pUoed  for  tfa«  present  ander  tlia  indisaoluble  union  with  Denmuk, 

proteotion  of  Bis  M^es^  the  King  and  th&t  this  Qoion  has  been  gno- 

ofProssiak"  ranteod  by   the   great  Powore— 

lliej  also  ordered  that  contin-  noiaelj.    Great    Britain,    France, 

^ts  from  Hanover,  Mecklen-  Russia,  and  Austria.  That  his 
fh,  and  Oldenburgh,  shonld  ad-  King  is  therefore  fully  entitled  to 
TBDce  to  the  scene  of  action,  and  oo-  main  tain  the  onion,  and  to  secure 
operate  with  the  Prussian  forces.  it  gainst  sedition.  Uia  M^eety, 
Upon  this,  the  Danish  Ambas>  in  so  doing,  intends,  as  far  as  pos- 
sador  at  Frankfort  drew  np  and  sible,  to  protect  the  independence 
presented  to  the  Assembly,  on  the  of  Schleswig. 
38th  of  April,  a  long  protest  "  (b.)  That  the  development  of 
against  the  interference  of  the  a  radical  reoi^anizstion,  now  go- 
Gonfederetion.  in  which  he  said  that  ing  on  in  the  Germanic  Confede- 
he  WIS  instmot«d  by  his  Gorent-  ration,  that  the  greater  union  of 
ment  to  declare  that  it  "  cannot  Oennany  ronst  so  act  on  the  indi- 
by  any  means  admit  the  comp»-  vidual  federal  states,  that  they,  re- 
tem^  of  the  Confederation  to  signing  in  pert  their  independlenee, 
make  any  anaiurament  whatever  enter  into  the  condition  of  federal 
in  the  alnirs  of  Bohleswig ;  much  pronncee ;  that  the  King  is  never- 
less  to  decree  the  iooorporation  of  thetese  prepared  to.  assent  to  this 
the  said  Dnchy  with  the  body  of  reorganiisation  Ibr  Holstein  and 
the  Confederation,  contisjy  to  the  Lauenbergh ;  but  that,  the  more 
will  and  in  the  face  of  (he  pro-  firmly  these  two  duchies  become 
tests  of  its  legitimate  Soveieigo.  united  with  Germany,  the  weaker 
Besides,  sooh  a  resolutian  would  most  be  the  ties  which  hind  Hoi- 
be  null  and  void  aooording  to  aeo  stein  to  Schleswig. 
tMns6andl8,Art.IIL,ofthefun-  "(c.)  That  there  are,  indeed, 
damentol  law,  since  not  a  majority  doubts  about  the  sucoesdon  in 
of  voices,  buttheirunsnimity.isre-  Holstein  which  may  lead  to  a  fii- 
qnisite  to  the  reception  of  a  new  tore  separation  of  this  Duchy  from 
niember  into  the  Confederation —  Scbleswig. 
for  snch  the  King  woold  be  as  "  That  the  King  u  eameetiy  de- 
Dnke  of  Schleswig,  and  since  His  sirous,  by  all  loyu  nteans  in  his 
Mqeaty,  in  his  quality  of  Doke  of  power,  namely,  br  negoliationa 
Holstein  and  Lauenberg,  most  po-  with  the  interested  partiee,  to  re- 
sitively  refuses  his  assent  ....  move  this  uncertainty,  and  to  se- 
"Tbe  undersigned  is  likewisein-  cure  the  continnance  of  the  per- 
Btmeted  to  declare  that  the  Danish  sonal  union  with  Holstein.  But 
Government  thinks  that  tui  Admi-  Bis  M^esty  is  no  less  desiroos  to 
nistnUive  anion  of  Holstein  and  avoid  even  the  shadow  of  a  suspi- 
Bchleswig  rests  chiefly  upon  both  cion  of  encroaching  upon  the  righta 
Duchies  remaining  united  under  of  those  interested  in  the  moin- 
the  Royal  sceptre.     Regarding  the  tenance  of  this  union,  which  wonld 

Cent  peeibon  of  this  union  he  be  done  if  the  eternal  indivisibility 
to  make  the  f<>llowing  declara-  of  the  two  Duchies  were  peremp- 
tions:—                                          tori  ly  pronounced 

"(a.)   That    Schleswig,  which  "In  conclusion,  the  ondersigned 

never  made  part  of  Germany  or  has  to  state  tliat  the  Dani^  Gi>- 

of  Ibe  Confederation,  exists  in  aa  vemment  have  left  no  means  nn- 


348]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [SehUimg-Hoiri«n. 


tried  to  bring  about  a  peaceable 
understanding,  but  all  eadeavours 
and  propositioaa  bave  been  left 
unnoticed  and  unanswered  bj  the 
Prussian  OoTemment.  If,  against 
all  expectation,  Prussia  and  tbe 
Confederation  persist  in  this  con- 
duct, nothing  remains  for  tbe 
Danish  Government  but  to  defend 
its  good  right  with  all  the  means 
in  its  power.  But,  if  the  Confede- 
ration were  to  pronounce  tbe  in- 
corporation of  Schleswig,  or  if  fe- 
denl  tioopa  were  to  enter  that 
Dnchr,  tbe  Danish  Government 
would  be  forced  to  consider  such 
steps  as  a  decided  hostile  inter- 
ference." 

In  order  to  mark  its  sense  of 
this  unprovoked  act  of  hostility  on 
tbe  part  of  Germanj,  the  Danish 
GoTemment,  on  the  19th  of  April, 
laid  an  embargo  on  the  German 
vessels  in  the  ports  of  Denmark, 
and  issued  orders  to  her  men-of- 
war  to  capture  all  merchant  ships 
carrying  the  Prussian  flag. 

On  tbe  33rd  of  April  (Easter 
Sunday)  the  Danes,  under  the 
command  of  General  Hedemann, 
were  attacked  by  General  von 
Wrangel  and  the  Prussians,  near 
Scbleswig,  and  although  they  were 
greatly  inferior  in  numbers,  and 
were  Udien  almost  by  surprise,  they 
made  a  most  gallant  resistance, 
and  did  not  retire  until  after  they 
had  maintained  an  unequal  combat 
for  eight  hours.  Schleswig  now 
fell  into  the  hands  of  tbe  Prus- 
sians, and  the  town  of  Flenebourg 
was  immediately  afterwards  taken 
by  them.  In  consequence  of  these 
events,  tbe  Danish  General  deter- 
mined to  abandon  the  main  land, 
and  occupy  tiie  islands  of  Alsen 
and  Piinen,  which  lie  on  the  east 
coast  of  Schleswig.  Von  Wrangel 
now  divided  his  army,  and,  on 
the    1st   of    May,    one    division 


marched  into  Jutland,  which  was 
overrun  without  any  opposition, 
while  the  other  remained  m  Schles- 
wig. 

On  enterii^  Jntland,  General 
Von  Wrangel  issued  a  proclamation 
to  the  inhabitants,  in  which  he  as- 
sured them  that  they  would  receive 
full  protection  against  riolence  or 
ill-treatment,  and  that  their  pro- 
perty and  the  national  colours  would 
be  strictly  respected ;  he  exhorted 
them  to  remain  in  their  homee 
with  their  families,  but  stated  he 
could  not  exempt  them  from  the 
duty  of  supplying  the  necessitiea 
of  tbe  army, — an  object  in  which  he 
called  on  the  legal  authorities  to 
give  their  assistance,  and  required 
ttiem  to  remain  at  their  posts.  He 
also  addressed  the  clergy,  request- 
ing them  to  remain  in  their  re- 
spective parishes,  and  to  use  all 
their  inUuenoe  in  quieting  the 
fears  of  their  flocks.  He  added, 
"  Should  the  officials  of  tbe  Danish 
Government  not  take  the  course 
here  prescribed  to  them,  the  worst 
consequences  for  you  will  be  una- 
voidable, for  in  this  case  my  troops 
will  be  under  the  necessity  of 
quartering  themselves  upon  you, 
and  seizing,  according  to  Uieir  own 
will,  on  the  means  of  subsistence, 
when,  with  the  best  disposition,  it 
will  be  impossible  to  set  bounds  to 
disorders  and  oppressive  and  arbi- 
trary conduct.  But  every  calamity 
which  may  arise  from  this  source 
will  be  attributable  to  the  conduct 
of  your  rulers,  should  they  desert 
you  in  the  moment  of  peril."  He 
concluded  with  an  exhortation  to 
the  people  to  receive  Jhe  troops 
with  hospitality,  and  with  a  re- 
peated assurance  of  security  for 
all. 

In  the  meantime  the  Danish 
troops  were  held  in  readiness  to 
fall  upon  either  of  the  separateil 


ScWwinyHoitoin.]          HISTORY.  [349 

portions  of  the  Prassian  force,  and,  part  of  Sweden  will  be  strictly 
after  making  a  pretended  demon-  limited  to  one  of  a  defenaire  na- 
Stration  a^gainst  Jutland  from  Fii-  ture ;  and  that  the  Oerman  ships, 
sen,  General  Uedemann  crossed  after  its  adoption  as  before,  may 
over  to  Alaan,  and  landed  hiB  with  perfect  safety  enter  all  the 
army  on  Schleswig,  where  they  Swedish  and  Norwegian  porta  aa 
took  ap  a  poeitiou  within  view  of  long  aa  reciprocity  is  observed." 
the  Prusaians.  To  this  declaration  the  Prussian 
The  oocnpation,  however,  of  Jat-  Qovemment  replied  by  an  assur- 
land,  which  was  part  of  the  domi-  ance  '*  that,  neither  on  ita  own 
nions  of  Denmark  Proper,  brought  part,  nor  on  that  of  the  German 
anotheractorupon  the  stage;  and  Confederation,  does  the  slightest 
it  became  obvious  that,  if  the  Prus-  intention  exist  of  conquering  Den- 
Bian  general  persiBted  in  his  inva-  mark  or  any  Scandinavian  state ;  aa 
aion  of  the  Danish  territory,  be  it  has  already  publicly  declared  and 
would  have  to  combat  with  the  notified  to  the  other  Powers  of 
power  of  Sweden,  and  in  all  pro-  Europe,  that  the  ooonpation  of  a 
nability  draw  into  the  conflict  the  pert  of  Jutland  is  only  the  neces- 
overwhelming  military  force  of  ssry  reprisal  for  the  seiznre  by 
Bussia.  When  the  news  of  the  Denmarkof  German  property,  and 
entry  into  Jutland  reached  the  is  intended  to  secure  a  guarantee 
Court  of  Stockholm,  the  Swedish  of  a  compensation  for  those  seiz. 
Government  made  a  formal  repre-  ores ;  as  soon  as  the  object  of  this 
sentation  on  the  subject  to  the  measure  is  obtained,  the  Oerman 
Court  of  Berlin,  in  which  it  said :  troops  will  be  withdrawn  from  the 
"  The  Government  of  Sweden  be-  Danish  territory." 
lieves  that  the  mesauree  taken  by  To  support  its  remonstrance, 
the  German  Confederation  for  the  however,  tbs  Swedish  Government 
defence  of  the  rights  of  Schleswig  landed  a  considerable  force  on  the 
Holatein  may  create  a  combination  island  of  Fiinen,  and  a  Russian 
of  drcumatances  dangerous  to  the  fleet,  commanded  by  the  Arch- 
balance  of  political  power  in  the  duke  Conatsntine,  was  ordered  to 
north  of  Europe,  inasmuch  as  the  cruise  along  the  Danish  coast,  to 
integrity  or  the  existence  of  Den-  be  ready  for  any  emeigency  that 
mane,  and  thereby  the  security  of  might  arise.  The  representations 
the  other  Scandinavian  kingdoms,  of  Sweden  had  the  effect  of  in- 
^pear  to  be  threatened  by  them,  dudng  Prussia  to  recall  her  troope 
Sweden  has  therefore  been  com-  from  Jutland,  thoiwh  not  before 
pelled  to  come  to  the  determinar  an  engagement  bad  taken  place 
tion,  if  the  territory  of  Denmark  between  them  and  the  Danes,  on 
Proper  is  invaded  by  the  troope  of  the  38th  of  May,  in  which  the 
the  Confederation,  to  send  a  corps  latter  were  successful,  and  the 
d'armit  into  Fiinen,  or  some  Prussians  were  driven  back  as  far 
other  of  the  Danish  idands,  to  be  as  GrsTenstein.  The  Danish  Go- 
ready  to  oppose  such  an  invasion  vemment  throughout  the  struggle 
on  the  part  of  Germany.  The  seems  to  have  been  sincerely  de- 
Ambassador  of  Sweden,  while  com-  sirous  of  peace,  and  after  the  efa- 
mnnkating  this  resolution  to  the  cualdon  of  Jutland  by  the  enemy 
Prussian  Government,  expressly  their  army  acted  almost  wholly  on 
states  that  this  measure  on  the  tbe  defensive.    The  measure  upon 


8M]      ANNUAL  REGISTEK,  1848.  lSMtpnfH<AMm. 

which  it  chiefly  relied  for  the  ter-  execution,  to  eziot  tn  enormonB 
min&tion  of  boBtilities  was  a  strict  contribution  of  3,000,000  specie 
blockade  of  the  German  Baltic  (dollars),  the  Danish  Government 
ports,  the  effect  of  which  it  well  was,  about  the  end  of  May,  resolved 
knew,  by  impeding  the  commerce  to  concentrate  on  the  lale  of  Alsen 
of  other  nations,  would  give  the  a  force  of  sufficient  elrongth  to 
great  Powers  of  Europe  a  direct  attack  and  su^rtae  the  corps  corn- 
interest  in  putting  an  end  to  the  manded  hj  General  Halkett  at 
quarrel.  Eorlj  in  Ma;  the  ports  SundewitL  All  necesaai;  pro- 
of Stettin,  Stralsund,  Rostock,  parations  were  made  for  iha  «xb- 
Wismar,  Piltau,  and  Dantzio  were  cution  of  this  plan,  when  we  sad- 
declared  to  be  in  B  state  of  block-  deni;  received  the  noeipected 
ade,  and,  ultimately,  the  mouths  of  news  that  the  Pmsaisn  troops  had 
the  Elbe  and  Weaer  were  also  evacuated  Jutland, 
closed.  "  Though  ignorant  of  the  predea 

On  the  5th  Jmie,  a  combined  motives  which  caused  an  event 
attack  of  the  Prussian  and  Hano-  which  General  Wrangel,  too,  had 
varian  troops  was  made  on  the  in-  certainly  not  expected,  the  King's 
trenched  position  of  ibe  Danea  Government  was  inclined  to  coo- 
at  Dnppeln.  The  outworks  were  eider  it  as  a  preliminary  result  of 
carried,  not  without  great  slaughter  the  good  offices  of  the  two  friendly 
onbothudee;  and  the  Danes  were  Powers  who  had  promised  Den- 
driven  to  the  rear  of  llieir  lines,  mark  their  kind  concurrence  in 
This,  however,  was  for  them  only  putting  a  term  to  the  arbitrary 
stronger  ground:  the  crest  of  the  proceMings  of  Prussia  and  of  the 
low  hills  of  Duppeln  was  ccm-  Germanic  Confederation.  The 
manded  by  heavy  Danish  batteries  King's  Government  wished  as 
on  the  opposite  islsnd  of  Alsen,  much  as.  possible  to  remove  any 
and  the  gun-boats  in  the  Strait;  obstacle  to  the  sucoesa  of  llieir 
and,  as  the  Prussians  appeared,  they  noble  efforts,  and  therefore  it 
were  cannonaded  with  such  eSeot  thought  itself  bound  to  avoid  pro- 
(hat  they  were  ultimately  obliged  voking  the  enemy  to  an  engage- 
to  yield  all  their  advantages,  and  ment.  It  did  not  lose  one  moment 
allow  the  Danes  to  reoccupy  tLeit  in  counter-ordering  the  prqioRd 
moat  advanced  defences.  The  attack;  but  the  dutanoe  between 
battle  was  renewed  next  morning,  Copenhagen  and  the  scene  of 
with  a  more  favourable  result  to  action,  and  the  otherwise  praise- 
the  Frussiane:  but  the  Danes  still  worthy  eageraees  with  which  the 
held  nearly  the  same  position  commander  of  the  Danish  troops 
which  they  occupied  on  the  mom-  executed  the  order  he  had  r»- 
ing  of  the  t>th.  oeived,  did  tnit,  to  the  great  regret 

On  the  16th  of  June,  the  Danish  of  the  Government,  allow  it  to 

Government  addressed  a  oata  to  prevent  the  combat  of  the  88th  of 

ibe  Ministers  of  Great  Britain,  May. 

Sweden,  and  Russia,   at  Copen-  "  Since  that  dme  the  Danish 

hagen,  in  which  it  said : —  army  has  merely  acted  defensively, 

"  In  order  to  deliver  Jutland  and  though  it  vigorously  repulsed, 

out  of  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  on  the  fith  instant,  an  anfoieseea 

who  carried  his  oppreswon  so  far  attack  of  the  hostile  forces,  who 

as,    under   a  threat  of   militaiy  were   fiu:  atronger   in   numben. 


Sddm^-HoUuin.]        HISTORY.  [361 

Oenenl  Hedemsim  has  been  er-  sh&ll  at  onoe  be  altogether  evor 

prasBlj  ordered  to  act  mereir  on  cuated  by  the  Danish  and  by  the 

the  defensive,   uiitil  he  shall  re-  German  federal  troops.     But  the 

ceire  further  orden."  King  of  Denmark  shall  be  allowed 

The  result  of  the  actiTe  inter-  to  suard  with  400  men  the  hos- 
ferenceof  the  King  of  Sweden  in  pilalB.andstorehouaea.andnuIitarj 
thistediouaconteetwBS, tliatCount  establiafameiits  on  the  Island  of 
Portftlis  was  sent  from  the  Court  Alaen.  Od  the  other  hand,  an 
of  Berlin  to  that  Monaroh,  in  order  equal  number  of  federal  troops 
to  arrange  the  terms  of  an  annistice  shall  be  allowed,  for  a  similar  pur- 
between  German;  and  Denmark,  pose,  to  remain  in  the  city  of 
Many  delays  took  place,  and  at  Altona,  and  in  other  places  where 
one  time  the  Degotiations  were  there  are  militaiy  hoepitals  and 
broken  off;  but  an  armistice  was  estabUshmenta. 
ultimately  concluded  between  the  "The  two  controctine  parties. 
Plenipotentiaries  at  Malmo,  on  being  desirous  as  speedily  as  pos- 
tba  38th  of  August,  which  was  to  sible  to  restore  order  and  tranquil- 
last  for  seven  months.  The  fol-  lityintheDuchies,  are  agreed  that 
lowing  were  the  principal  pro-  the  mode  of  administration  which 
Tiakms: —  was  in  force  previoas  to  the  events 

"The  blockade  established  by  of  March  shall  bo  re-established 

the  naval  forces  of  His  Danish  while  the  aimistice  lasts.     The 

Majesty  shall  cease,  and  orders  to  collective    Administration  of  the 

this  effect  shall  at  once  be  sent  to  two  Duohies  shall  be  composed  of 

the   commander   of   the   Danish  five  Members,  to  be  taken  from 

men-of-war.  the  gentry  of  the  Duohies,  and  who 

"  All  prisoners  of  war,  and  all  etyoy  genend  respect  and  consider- 

political  prisonera,  shall  at  once  atiou.     They  shall  administor  the 

be  liberated  without  delay  or  re-  afiairs  of  the  Duchiea  after  the  ex- 

Btrictiou.  isting  taws  and  ordinances,  in  the 

"  All  vessels  that  have  been  name  of  the  King  of  Denmark,  in 
c^tured  since  the  commencement  his  quality  as  Duke  of  Sohleswig 
of  the  war,  and  on  which  an  em-  and  Holstein,  and  with  the  same 
bargo  has  been  laid,  ahall  be  re-  authority,  always  excepting  the 
turned  with  their  cargoes  within  Legislative  Power, 
ten  days  aftor  the  signing  of  the  "  Two  of  these  Members  shall 
armistice.  This  space  of  time  has  be  chosen  by  the  King  of  Den- 
been  thought  necessary,  on  the  mark  for  the  Duchy  of  Schleswig, 
one  hand  to  prqiore  these  vessels  and  two  by  the  King  of  Prussia, 
for  sea,  and  on  the  other  to  effeot  acting  in  the  name  of  the  Germanic 
the  evacuation  of  the  Duchies.  Confederation,  for  the  Ducliy  of 
Prussia  admits  the  indemni^  Holstein.  These  four  Members 
claimed  by  Denmark  for  the  re.  shall  choose  a  fifth,  to  be  the  Pre- 
quiaitious  levied  on  Jutland,  and  sident  of  the  collective  Admini- 
Denmark  engages  to  refund  the  stration  of  the  Duchies;  and,  if 
value  of  the  carffoea  that  have  be«i  they  cannot  agree  on  this  choice, 
disposed  of  and  which  cannot  be  then  shall  Great  Britain,  in  her 
restored  in  natuTd.  quality  as   mediating    Power,   be 

"The  two  Duchies,  as  well  as  invited   to    nominate    this   fifth 

ths  islands  belonging  to    them,  Member  fixim  among  the  inhabit- 


352]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.    [Nethtriandi. 

ants  of  one  of  the  Duchies.,   It  is  Diumh  Diet  vitb  the  following 

understood  that  neither  the  Mem-  Speech  from  the  Throne : — 
here  of  the  Admiuiatration  of  and 

before  the  nth  of  March,  nor  of  "  Mm  of  Denmark,— 
those  of  whom  the  Provisional  "  It  is  with  great  jmr  and  corn- 
Government  was  Bince  compoBcd,  fort  that  I  see  myeelf  for  the  first 
can  form  part  of  this  new  Admini-  time  surrounded  bj  the  elected 
stratioo.  The  same  sha]]  with  all  representatives  of  my  &ithfat  Dan- 
possible  speed  enter  upon  its  fano-  ieh  people.  The  love  and  unani- 
tions — that  is  to  eey,  at  the  latest  mity  with  which  they  upheld  the 
ft  fortnight  after  ^e  signature  of  cause  sacred  to  me  and  the  country 
this  present  Convention.  in  those  difficult  days  since  I  have 
"  The  contracting  parties  claim  ascended  my  father's  throne  are  to 
the  guarantee  of  Great  Britain  for  me  a  pledge  that  a  better  time 
the  strict  execution  of  the  articles  will  soon  dawn  upon  our  suSering 
of  this  present  Convention  of  an  country,  which  has  been  so  severely 
armistice.  visited  by  violence  and  dissension. 
"  It  is  expressly  nnderetood  that  With  a  deeply  felt  consciousness 
thearticIesofthisConventionshall  of  these  past  days,  I  now  proceed 
nowise  prejudice  the  conditions  of  to  discuss,  with  the  elected  of  my 
a  definitive  peace,  and  that  neither  people,  that  Constitution  which  by 
Denmark  nor  the  Confederation  my  free  Boyal  resolve  I  promised 
give  up  any  of  the  pretensions  or  you,  and  by  which  it  is  my  desire, 
rights  which  they  have  respectively  my  hope,  and  my  pride,  to  con- 
asserted."  Bolidate  the  ancient  gloiy  and  hap- 
Thus  terminated  for  the  time  a  pluess  of  Denmark.  I  snbmit  to 
contest,  which  seems  to  have  been  you,  by  my  Ministers,  to  whom  I 
conducted  on  the  pert  of  Denmark  reserve  the  free  aooees  to  the  As- 
withmoderationaswellasfirmness,  sembly,  and  the  right  to  speak 
and  the  result  of  which  showed  therein,  if  necessary,  the  draught 
that,  if  it  is  again  renewed,  both  of  the  Coostitulion ;  and  I  rely 
Sweden  and  Itossia  are  not  likely  implicity  on  your  faithful  and  en- 
to  remain  inactive  spectators,  but  ergetic  coK>peration,  in  order  that 
join  the  Danish  forces  in  repelling  a  conclusive  arrangement  of  thia 
any  hostile  interference  on  the  important  affiiir  may  be  accom- 
part  of  the  Germanic  Confedera-  plished  by  the  present  Diet,  who 
tion.  The  pretensions  of  the  latter  are  here  assembled  for  that  pur- 
body  to  consider  Holstein  as  in-  pose.  Should  this,  however,  not 
corporated  with  it  are  not  opposed  be  the  case,  it  is,  nevertheless,  not 
by  Denmark;  but  she  justly  re-  my  intention  to  let  that  Constitu- 
fuses  to  make  the  same  concession  tion  be  carried  into  effect  until  I 
as  regards  Schleawig ;  and  so  long  have  first  submitted  it  to  a  new 
as  the  quarrel  is  confined  Co  that  Diet.  May  the  blessing  of  God 
question,  and  to  the  demand  of  an  rest  upon  yon  and  your  endeavours, 
indissoluble  union  betweent  he  so  that  our  beloved  country  may 
two  Duchies,  our  sympathies  must  obtain  honour,  happiness,  and 
be  enlisted  on  the  side  of  Den-  peace!" 
mark  in  the  contest. 

On   the  23rd  of  October  the  NETHERLANDS.— The  kia^- 

Eing  opened  the  Session  of  the  dom  of  Holland   preseut«d  this 


Netksrla,^.]                HISTORY.  [353 

yBar  a  plaoaujg  contrast  to  the  not  to  the  two  Ghambera  of  the 

other  cDDtmental   States,  in  the  States- General,  to  the  departments 

absence  of  any  revolutionary  ex-  of   general   f;oTerouient,    to    the 

dtemeat;  but,  in  the  month  of  Privj  Council,  and  also  totbeap- 

March,  a  Royal  decree  appeared,  pointed   Members    of   the  Com- 

bj  wbicfa  a  Committee  was  nomi-  mittee,  for  their  information. 

Dated  for  the  pnrpoae  of  revising  "Wiluah. 

the  GoDBtitulJon.     It  was  as  fbl-  "Tlte  Hague,  Mireh  17. 1S48. 

Iowa : —  "  On  the  part  of  the  King.  Privy 

"  We  William  II.,  by  the  grace  Councillor,  and  Prime  Minister, 

of  God  King  of  the  Netherlands,  "  A,  G.  A.  Vam  Rappasd." 
Prince  of  Orange  Nassau,  Grand 

Duke  of  Luxembourg,  &c.  BELGIUM.  —  Serious    appre- 

"  Considering  ths    communica-  bensiooBwere  not  unreasonably  felt 

tion  of  the  second  Chamber  of  the  that  Belgium  might  be  drawn  into 

States- General    expresses     divers  the  vortex  of  the  French  Revoln- 

wishes  relative  to  the  enlargement  tion ;  for  it  was  well  known  that,  at 

of  the  fundamental  law ;  the  time  when  Leopold  was  called 

"  Considering  that  it  is  our  de-  to  the  throne  after  tne  severance  of 

sire,  in  unison  with  this  communl'  Belgium  from  Holland,  there  was 

cation  of  one  of  the  branches  of  a  strong  republican  party  in  the 

the  legislative  body,  to  frame  and  former  kingdom,  which  mignt  now 

present  a  fundamental  law,  and  at  be  disposed  to  sympathize  with  ths 

the  same  time  to  nominate  heads  republicans  of  France.    But  ex- 

of  the  departments  of  the  general  perience  had  made  them  wiser. 

Government  to    concert   on   the  Not  long  after  the  events  of  Feb- 

basis  of  the  fundamental  law ;  ruary  in  Paris,  a  party  of  French 

"  Considering  that  on  the  one  malcontents  did  actually  cross  the 

hand  it  is  onr  duty  to  take  all  the  frontier  for  the  purpose  of  exciting 

necessary   preliminary    measures,  an  insurrection  at  Belgium;  but,  on 

while  it  is  our  duty  on  the  other  their  arrival  by  the  Great  Northern 

hand  to  guard  against  any  precipi-  Bailway,    they  found   themselves 

tate  measures  which  might  lead  to  surrounded  by  the  military,  and 

adverse  resnita;  their  mischievouB  designs  were  at 

"  We  have  decreed  and  decree —  once  stopped.    The  popuIalioD  of 

"  1.  To  nominate  a  Committee  Belgium  showed  no  disposition  to 

which,    in   accordance    with   the  join  them,  and  a  remarkable  docu- 

wishes  of  the  Second  Chamber  of  ment  appeared  horn  the  pen  of 

the  States- General,  shall  lay  be-  M.  Potter,  who  had  been  one  of 

fore  US  a  complete  sketch  of  the  the  most  conspicuous  advocates  of 

basis  of  the  fundamental  law,  and  a  Bepublic  at  the  period  of  the 

alter  that   their  fbrmatjon  of  a  Bel^on  revolution,  in  which  he 

Ministiy.  strongly  exhorted  his  countrymen 

"3.  The   followiiw   gentlemen  to  be  content  with  the  blessings 

are  appointed  Membere   of   this  they  enjoyed  under  a  monarchical 

Committee: — Dirk   Donker  Cur-  form  of  Government,  the  results 

tins,  J.  M.  de  Kempenaer,  L.  0.  of  which  had  been  so  beneficial  to 

Luzac,  L.  D.  Storm,  J.  R.  Thor-  the  kingdom, 

becke.  On  the  ii6th  of  June,  the  Ses- 

"  Copies  of  this  decree  shall  be  tion  of  the  Belgian  Chambers  was 

Vol.  XC.  [8  A] 


364]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  IBOpum. 

opened  by  the  King,  vbo  thus  al-  fooldns  of  defenc«;  we  hsve  nis- 

luded  to  the  aspect  of  the  timea :  ttunea   emplojrment;    the   public 

"  In  presence  of  the  a^tstion  treasury  has  been  able   to  fulfil 

which  so   deeply  excites  Europe,  faithfully  all   its  obligBtions,  and 

Belgium  has  remained  calm,  con-  the  burden  of  the  floating  debt  has 

fiding,  and  stroug.     The  changes  ceased  to   press  on  credit     The 

in  the  political  state   of  severa]  future  will  recompense  the  Mtori- 

nations  have  not  in  any  my  altered    fkee  of  the  past 

onr  good  international  relations.  "We   are   passiag  through  a 

Our   offioial    relations   with   the  period  of  difficulty  for  KuiDpean 

French  Republic  have  been  esto-  sooiety.     Belgium  will  not  allow 

hUshed  on  terms  of  mutual  good-  herself  to  be  diTerted  from  the  wise 

will.    From  all  parts  we  have  re-  and  sure  path  in  which  she  baa 

ceived   testimonies   of   sympathy  entered.    By  h^py  union,  she  has 

and  esteem By  means  ot  been  enabled  to  reconcile  atabilitr 

the  financial  measures  voted  laat  with  progreee,  and  order  with  the 

Sesaion,  our  patriotia  army  has  praotioecuF  liberty  in  every  shape." 
been  maintained  on  a  respectable 


b,GoogIc 


Chrmtmy.]  HISTORY.  [355 


CHAPTER  XII. 

OsKiUMr. — Btflsetioni  oh  the  PoUtieat  staU  of  Owmamf — Popular 
demandt  m  the  South-WmUm  Stuui — RMtt  at  Cologne  and  Wu^aden. 
HxME  Cjuski> — Oommenetm^nt  of  Inturrettion,  and  Coneemoni 
iy  the  Elector.  Batabu. — Ignoble  conduct  of  the  King — Riote 
ooeationed  by  the  pretence  of  Lota  Monte* — She  it  ordered  to  guit 
Munick — Abdication  of  Lottit  in  favour  of  hit  Son — The  Chamben 
opened  by  Matdmilian  II. — Hi*  Speech  on  the  oeeation.  Saxony. — 
Popular  tumultt  at  Dretden — Change  of  Minxttry — Programme  of 
policy  of  nop  CaHtut.  Hamoteb. — B^y  of  tA«  King  to  Pe^ion  of 
the  Magietratei — Boyal  Prodamation — Meeting  of  QeneraiAitembly, 
and  Speech  of  the  King. 

Benuneiation  of  Seignori4U  righti  by  Prince  Von  Letnengen — Meeting 
at  Heiddberg  on  the  !>tk  of  May — Yor-Parlament  convoked — 
Second  great  Meeting  at  Heidelberg  on  the  SeiA  of  Jtfareib — Speech 
of  Wddier — Meeting  of  the  Vor-Parlament  at  Frankfort — Election 
of  Pretident— Committee  of  Fifty  appointed — Band*  of  Iniwrgent 
DmocraU  defeated  by  the  Troopt  of  the  Diet—Meeting  of  the 
Oerman  National  Attembly  at  Frattltfort — Z>>icti*n0n  on  the  queition 
of  a  Central  Executive  Pouier — Law  patted  on  th^  tubjeet — The 
Archduke  John  of  Auttria  elected  Begent  of  the  Empire — Be- 
ctvnition  of  lUi  duiee  by  the  old  Diet — Addrett  to  the  Archduke — 
Hit  Beply  to  the  Deputation — Beport  of  Committee  on  Plan  of  a 
Conititutian — InttallatiiM  of  the  Begent  at  Frankfort — A]^ointment 
of  a  Minitlry — Abolition  of  Capital  Punithmcntt — Quettion  of  the 
Armittiee  of  Malmo — Violent  conduct  of  the  Badieal  party  in  the 
Attembly,  <md  of  the  Populace — Tumulttutut  teenet—The  MiUtary  act 
againtt  the  Mob — Combat  in  the  ttreett — Defeat  of  the  Inturgentt— 
Murder*  of  Prince  lAehnoivtky  and  Major  Auenvald — Proclamation 
by  the  Begint~-The  que^ion  of  Auelfia  and  the  Oerman  Parliament. 

RoBiu — PoUeyof  Ibutia^Manifetto  of  the  Emperor— Circular  of  the 
AuMM  Oovemment  addntted  to  iti  Diplomatie  Agentt  m  Germany. 

GERMANT. — ^WehBTesaenin  tbe  ibook  «u  almost  immediateljr 

the  namdTe  of  the  a^n  of  eoiiimnnioat«d    to    the    different 

Italj  that  the  efiects  of  the  French  kingdoms  of  the  Contineiit,  and  in 

fiarolation  were  not  confined  to  some  censed  Tibrationa  terminating 

the  coantiy  which  gsTe  it  birth,  in  cetaatrophes  as  aignal  as  that 

The  state  of  Europe  ma  sooh  that  which  ooomred  in  France.    This 
[SAa] 


356]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [Gtrmmy. 

was  espedsllythe  casein  ^t  vast  Greater  changea  bad  for  a  time 
assemblage  of  nations  W  nhich  we  been  wrought  when  the  armies  of 
apply  the  general  name  of  Ger-  Napoleon  traversed  Europe  Iroin 
many,  comprising  nearly  forty  Paris  to  Moscow,  and  every  capital 
millions  of  men.  Amongst  them  was  ent«red  by  a  victorioos  foe.  But 
political  institutions  had  been  those  attacks  were  from  without : 
gradually  undermined  byan  under-  the  nations  bowed  their  heads  like 
current  of  agitation,  of  which  the  willows  to  the  blast  for  a  time,  but 
tendency  was  to  establish  demo-  when  it  had  swept  past  they  stood 
cracy  in  its  most  dangerous  form;  erect  again,  and,  iu  the  eloquent 
for  the  speculative  mind  of  the  words  of  Mr.  Canning,  after  the 
Germans  loves  to  push  theories  tc  deluge  of  conquest  had  subsided, 
their  utmost  limits,  and  knows  the  spires  and  turrets  of  ancient 
little  of  that  homely  kind  of  wis-  institutions  reappeared.  Now, 
dom  which  is  derived  from  the  best  however,  the  shock  that  was  felt 
of  all  teachers — practical  experi-  was  from  the  throes  of  intestine 
ence.  And,  in  addition  tn  this,  convulsion:  class  was  arrayed 
they  had  had  little  or  no  oppor-  against  class ;  the  burghers  a^nst 
tuni^  of  determining  for  lliem-  the  army ;  aud  a  war  of  opinion  as 
selves  within  what  limits  the  masses  well  as  of  the  sword  has  corn- 
can  be  safely  trusted  with  self-  menced,  of  which  no  man  can 
government ;  for,  although  in  some  venture  to  prophesy  the  result. 
States,  as  in  Prussia,  arbitral;  In  the  wild  outbreak  against 
power  was  partially  disguised  oonstituted  authority,  which  has 
under  the  veil  of  Constitutional  rendered  this  year  so  memorable  in 
forms,  the  authority  of  the  reigning  ths  annals  of  Europe  and  the 
fiunily  in  each  State  was  in  fact  world,  the  populace  of  the  different 

Sramount,   and   the  will   of  the  capitals,  and  especially  in  Italy, 

onarch  and  his  Ministers  dictated  have  shown  in  their  hour  of  triumph 

the  law.     But  a  people  so  intelli-  how  dangerous   is    power  in   the 

gent  and  inquisitive  as  the  Ger-  hands  of  a  democracy.    They  have 

mans  were  not  likely  to  remun  in  verified  the  wisdom  of  those  lines 

an  age  like  this  contented  specta-  in  Schiller's  WalUnttein : — 
tors  of  a  political  freedom  enjoyed  i.  tj,   u  t-.' 

by  others,  but  denied  to  themselves,  „     „„,  ^  [^  ^^  «lf.™«mm«nt ; 

and  they  only  waited  for  ihe  oppor-  The  clMr  and  wiitien  l«w.  lEe  dwp-UDd 
tanity  to  translate  into  action  the  fbotmvki 

theories  and  doctrines  which  had  Of«ndentcuitom  «roiIl  nocewuy 

long  been  the  favourite  theme  of  ^°  ''^^P  ^'^  in  H""  n>«d  of  &ith  ud 
some  of  their  most  popular  writers. 

Such   an  opportunity  was   the        In  order  to  give  a  clear  and 

outbreak  of  the  French  Revolution  distinct  narratiyeof  the  complicatwl 

in  February  in  the  present  year,  events   which    have  taken  place 

and  the  result  was  unexampled  in  during  the  present  year  in  Ger- 

history.      Thronss,    Dominations,  many,    we  have  had   to  consider 

Princedoms,    Powers    were    then  carefully  the  question  of  arrange- 

Bcattered  like  leavesbefore  a  storm,  ment;  for,  independently  of  tno 

Never  before  had  been  witnessed  revolutionary   movements   in    the 

such    an    upheaving    of    somety  separate  kingdoms,  there  baa  been 

throughout   bo   vast    an    extant,  a  lAng-eostauied  attempt  to  con- 


ffwuwny.]  HISTORY.  [367 

Btnct  a  new  German  nationalitj  "  So  »e!t  die  <leutKbe  lunge  kliDgt," 
on  the  basis  of  a  Confederation  of        Fvu  the  Gemiui  toogue  ia  brard, 

all  the  States,  vitb  one  general  we  may  well  regard  such  a  scheme 

Parliament  or  Diet,  and  a  Central  as    impracticable    and    hopeless. 

Executive  at  Frankfort,  so  that  The  iadiridualities  of  nations  are 

there  has  been  a  certaio  degree  of  too  strong  to  admit  of  such  a  fusion 

interference  exercised  by  the  repre-  as  would  be  necessaiy  to  give  a 

sentatives  assembled  in  that  cit^  scheme  like  this  an;  chance  of 

from  different  ports  of  GertnanT  on  success. 

tlte  political  events  that  happened  It  was  in  the  South- Western 
in  the  various  kingdoms.  We  tliink  States  of  Germanj  that  the  effects 
that  the  most  convenient  course  of  the  French  Bevolutton  began 
to  adopt  will  be  to  combine  under  first  to  manifest  themselves.  On 
the  bfttd  of  Germany  such  details  the  S9th  of  February,  the  Grand 
as  relate  to  what  we  ma;  call  the  Duke  of  Baden  received  a  deputa- 
NatioDsl  Movement,  and  also  an  tion  from  his  sul^ects,  who  do- 
account  of  the  chief  disturbances  monded  liberty  of  the  press,  the 
that  took  place  in  the  less  import-  establishment  of  a  national  guard, 
ant  Slates,  reserving  for  separate  and  trial  by  jury.  They  succeeded 
DorratiTee,  under  their  appropriate  in  their  object ;  and  M.  Welcker, 
titles,  the  histories  of  the  two  great  who  had  distiuguished  himself  as 
Kingdoms  of  Prussia  and  Austria,  a  Liberal   leader,   was  appcuuted 

To  borrow  an  illustration  from  one  of  the  Ministers, 
astronomy,  we  may  compare  the  On  the  3rd  of  March,  the  Rhe- 
oomplicated  politicid  movements  of  nish  provinces,  headed  by  Goitre, 
the  lost  twelve  months  in  Germany  followed  the  same  example.  On  the 
to  theaotionofthe  planetary  system.  4th,  similar  demonstrations  took 
Each  planet  has  its  own  separate  place  at  Wiesbaden  and  Frank- 
motion,  and  is  not  only  subject  to  the  fort,  and,  on  the  5th,  at  Dussel- 
disturbing  forces  of  all  the  others,  dorf.  At  Cologne,  on  the  3rd  of 
but  is  itself  a  disturbing  force;  March,  the  populace  assembled  in 
while,  at  the  same  time,  there  is  the  crowds  before  the  Stadt-Haus,  or 
overruling  and  controlling  power  Hotel  do  Ville,  where  the  Town 
of  the  sun  JD  the  centre,  1^  which  Council  were  sitting,  and  riotously 
they  are  retained  in  their  respective  demanded  the  concession  of  certain 
orbits.  So  the  different  States  of  rights,  which  were  inscribed  on  slips 
Germany  were  each  the  scene  of  ofpaper,  and  handed  about  amongst 
revolutionaiy  fuiy,  the  example  of  the  mob.  They  were  as  follows : — 
one  influencing  another;  but  all  "1.  Universal  sufTerage ;  all 
cherished  the  idea  of  a  central  legislation  and  government  to  pro- 
unity,  and  looked  to  the  Assembly  ceed  from  the  people.  2.  Liberty 
at  Frankfort  as  the  national  centre,  of  the  press,  and  freedom  of  speech, 
from  which  was  to  radiate  the  ad-  8.  Abolition  of  the  standing  army, 
ministration  of  one  vast  German  and  armament  of  the  people,  who 
Empire.  When  we  consider  the  are  to  elect  their  own  officera. 
Torie^  of  customs  and  laws,  and  4.  Full  right  of  public  meeting, 
the  difference  in  the  political  and  5.  Protection  to  labour,  and  a 
social  condition  of  the  numerous  guarantee  for  the  supply  of  all 
kingdoms  that  extend— to  use  a  necessaries.  6.  State  education 
favourite  phrase  of  the  Gennans —  for  all  children." 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.    [^-«  Cm$d. 


oontained  in  die  OStii  article  of  the 
Conatitatioii. 

"  1.  A  oomplote  amnesty  for  all 
political  oSisncee  since  1880. 

"  6.  Religious  liberty. 

"  6.  Intervention  with  the  Diet 
to  procure  a  repreeentation  of  Oer- 
manj.  A  revocation  of  all  deoroea 
forbidding  the  exercise  of  consti- 
tational  rights,  particularly  those 
of  petitioning  and  holding  public 
meetings. 

"  7.  A  formal  protniie  that  the 
laws  announced  in  the  proclamation 
of  the  7th,  and  all  others  ainoe 
become  neeessaiy,  sfaatl  be  pre- 
sented for  consideration  at  the  next 
meeting  of  the  States. 

"  8.  If  at  the  end  of  three  days 
the  Elector  shall  not  have  pub. 
lished  his  answer,  the  Deputation 
will  consider  it  as  a  refdaal." 

As  the  Deputies  did  not  retam 
so  soon  as  ttaeir  fellon-townsmen 
expected,  the  latter  made  imme- 
diate praparations  for  active  resist- 
ance, lliey  erected  large  barri- 
csdes  in  the  priDcipal  streets,  com. 
posed  of  mggone,  trees,  and  stones, 
and  ploughshares  stuck  into  the  bar- 
riers, with  the  points  tamed  outside. 
They  then  invited  the  people  of 
the  nei^bonring  towns  to  join 
them.  One  of  these,  Bockenheim, 
is  a  small  place  detached  from  the 
rest  of  the  electorate  lying  to  the 
west  of  Frankfort,  Hanan  being  to 
the  east.  The  Bockenheim  pa> 
triots,  to  the  number  of  lOOU,  or 
more,  marched  through  Fnmkibrt, 
armed  with  gnns,  swords,  pistols, 
and  BiTthes  placed  on  long  poles ; 
but  happily  no  necessity  for  a  hos- 
tile collision  oocurred,  for  the 
Elector  gsve  way,  and  yielded  to 
the  demands  of  the  peo^e,  so  that 
the  armed  demonstration  was  con- 
verted into  a  peaceful  proceasion, 
and  all  the  towns  and  villages  in 
the  Electonte  were  iltuminsMd. 


The  militaiy  were,  however, 
called  out,  and  the  streets  were 
cleared  witiiout  much  difficulty. 

At  Wiesbaden,  in  Nassau,  a 
large  concourse  of  people  met 
opposite  the  Palace,  on  the  4th, 
and  demanded  a  general  arming  of 
the  people  under  their  own  elective 
leaders;  entire  liberty  of  the  press; 
a  German  Perliament;  right  of 
public  meeting ;  public  and  oral 
trial  by  jury ;  the  control  of  the 
Duchy  domain  ;  convocation  of  the 
Second  Chamber  to  frame  a  new 
electoral  law  on  the  basis  of  popu- 
lation, and  to  remove  all  reetrio- 
tions  on  religious  liberty.  The 
Duke  was  absent  at  Berlin ;  but  the 
Ducheee,  from  the  balcony  of  the 
Palace,  asanred  the  people  that 
their  demands  would  be  fully  con- 
ceded by  the  Duke,  her  8t«^»-eon. 
Subsequently  appeared  a  procla. 
mation,  in  which  the  Duchess 
guarattUed  the  concession  of  these 
demands ;  and  on  the  same  day, 
in  the  afternoon,  the  Duke  re- 
tnmed,  and,  immediately  address- 
ii^  the  people,  be  ratified  all  the 
conceasione  made  by  the  Ducbees 
and  his  Minieten. 

HESSE  0A8SEL.— In  Hesee 
Casael  the  distnrbances  were  of  a 
very  serious  character.  On  the  8th 
of  March, a  deputation  from  Hanau, 
one  of  the  two  largest  towns  in  the 
Electorate,  proceeded  to  the  Palace 
of  the  Elector,  and  demanded  the 
following  terms  as  the  ultimatum 
with  wtuch  alone  they  would  be 
satisfied: — 

"  1.  A  new  Ministry  to  be  ap- 
pointed, possessing  the  confidence 
of  the  people. 

"  2.  The  Chamber  to  be  dis- 
solved, and  a  new  election  held 
forthwith. 

"  9.  Entire  freedom  of  the  press 
in  conformity  with  the  promise 


BoMria.}                    HISTORY.  [359 

BAVARIA. — The  discreditiible  and  etriot  inqniiy  vta  made  to  dis- 

conduct  of  the  doting  old  King  of  cover  her  Mding-place.      Prince 

Bamia,  in  hia  open  itotion  wiut  a  Walleisteln  caused  her  to  be  ar> 

mnderingactreeswho  had  assumed  rested  hy  gendarmes,  placed  in  a 

the  name  of  Lola  Montes,  but  who  post-chaise,  and  sent  off  to  Switzer- 

i«ss  in  retdi^  the  eloped  wife  of  land.     She  reached  Augsbui^  in 

an  Englishman,  and  whom  he  had  the  afternoon,  and  three  students 

imiXM  a   Bararian    countess  by  accompanied  her  in  the  carrisge 

the  title  of  Oriifis  de  Lansfeldt,  with  two  police  officers.  Onleavinff 

hadihorottgbljalienatedthehsarts  Munich,  she  said,  "The  King  will 

of  his  Bulyects ;  and  it  would  have  abdicate,  and  follow  me  into  exile." 

perhaps   been    difficult  for   him.  The  event  proved  that  she  was 

even  in  ordinary  times,  to  have  right. 

retained  the  throne  without  an  Early  in  March  the  people  de- 
entire  obange  in  his  policy.  But  manded  the  immediate  convocation 
he  preferred  his  mistiess  to  his  of  the  Chambers,  the  liberty  of  the 
Crown ;  and,  when  the  storm  of  re-  press,  that  jodicial  tiials  should  be 
volution  approached  his  capita),  he  public,  that  an  electoral  reform 
did  not  hesitate  to  abandon  the  should  be  granted,  and  that  the 
throne  in  &vonr  of  hia  son  Uaxi-  army  should  take  an  oath  to  ob> 
milian.  It  woidd  be  profitless  to  serve  the  Constitution.  The  King 
detail  the  various  riots  and  tumnl-  refused  to  convoke  the  Chambers 
toary  scenes  at  Mtmioh,  which  were  before  the  end  of  Uay.  A  cry  of 
chiefiy  occasioned  by  the  scandal  "  to  arms"  was  raised  throughout 
arising  from  the  presence  of  Lola  the  dty,  and  on  the  4th  of  that 
Hontes,  whom  Kmg  Louis  in  vain  month  the  Arsenal  was  attacked 
attempted  to  shelter  against  the  br  the  people,  and  captured  after  a 
popular  displeasure.  The  students  short  engagement.  More  than 
as  usual  bore  an  aclivepart  in  the  6000  men,  armed  with  muskets, 
distarbances;  audtheKiug,  ina&t  sabres,  hatoheta,  lances,  and  hal- 
of  passion,  ordered  the  University  berts,  marched  agwist  the  Royal 
to  be  dosed  for  a  year,  and  every  palace.  Having  arrived  at  the 
student,  not  being  a  townsman,  to  market-place,  the  crowd  met  the 
quit  Munich  in  "forty-eight  hours,  troops.  But  neitherthe  cuirassiers 
This  order  wsb,  however,  soon  nor  the  troops  of  the  line  would 
recalled;  and  at  the  beginning  of  charge  when  commanded  to  do  bo. 
February,  the  UUrrima  causa  btlU,  Cries  of  "The  Republic  forever" 
Lola  Uontes,  was  commanded  by  were  raised.  At  length  the  King 
the  King  to  leave  hia  capital.  She  yielded  to  all  the  demands  of  the 
compbea  at  the  moment,  bat  re-  people;  and  Prince  Charles,  the 
turned  on  the  ISth,  and  reappeared  King's  brother,  rode  up  and  assured 
in  the  city  dressed  in  msle  attire,  the  crowd,  on  his  w(ml  of  honour. 
She  had  gone  only  to  Stahrenberg,  that  the  Kiug  had  consented  to 
three  leagues  from  Munich,  and  oonvokethe  Chambersforthe  16th 
made  a  last  attempt  to  penetrate  of  that  month,  and  that  he  granted 
into  the  Royal  palace.  Ten  or  all  that  the  people  desired.  The 
twelve  students,  as  her  body-guard,  people  then  returned  the  arms  to 
escorted  her.  The  moment  the  the  Arsenal,  and  afterwards  dis- 
retum  of  the  Royal  mistress  be-  persed  quietly, 
came  known,  the  peojde  assembled.  Fresh    tumults,    however,    oc- 


360]  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  IScxonyarui  Hanover. 

ourred,  and  on  the  Slst  of  March  also  promised  the  iiistitation  of  the 
King  LouU  aanonnced  bis  resigns-  Lsna  wehr,  snd  the  emandpation 
tiou  of  the  crown  to  bis  sod,  in  the  of  the  Jews,  and  concluded  hj  as- 
following  proclamation :—  suring  the  Assembl;  that  he  vonld 
.  do  his  best  to  secure  a  national 
ifotiamn*,—  German  rapreseotation. 
"A  new  state  of  feeling  has 
commenced — a  state  which  difEers  SAXONY. — At  Dresden  popn- 
essentially  from  that  embodied  in  lar  tumults  occnrred  earfj  in 
the  constitutional  code  agreeably  March,  and  on  the  16th  of  that 
to  which  I  have  now  governed  month  a  change  of  Ministi7  took 
twenty-three  years.  I  resign  my  place.  The  new  Cabinet  consisted 
crown  iu  favour  of  my  beloved  son  of  the  following  members  :— Dr. 
the  Crown  Prince  Maximilian.  Braun,  Minister  of  Justice;  Dr. 
My  Government  has  been  in  strict  Von  dar  Ffordten,  Minister  of  the 
accordance  with  the  Constitution  Interiorand(iKlm(«nm)of  Foreign 
— my  life  has  been  dedicated  to  Affairs;  M.  Georgi,  Minbter  of 
the  welfare  of  my  people.  I  have  Ficsoce  ;  and  M.  Von  Holtzen- 
administered  the  public  property  dorf,  Provisional  Minister  of  War. 
and  the  public  money  as  if  1  bad  They  immediately  issued  a  pro- 
been  a  Republican  officer,  and  I  gramme  of  their  future  policy,  in 
can  boldly  encoanter  the  most  which  they  stated  that  they  had 
scrutinizing  eye.  I  offer  my  heart-  "  nnanimously  sgreed  to  the  fbl- 
felt  thanks  to  all  who  adhered  to  lowing  fundamental  prmciples  and 
me  faithfully,  and,  though  I  descend  measures — viz.,  the  swearing  of 
from  the  throne,  my  heart  yet  the  troops  to  the  constitution ;  the 
glows  with  affection  for  Bavaria  abolition  of  the  censorship  for  ever ; 
and  for  Germany.  a  press  law,  without  the  system  of 
"  LcDWis.  concessions  and  securities ;  reform 
«  MuDich,  March  SI,  1B*8."  of  the  legal  system  on  the  basis  of 
On  the  following  day,  the  new  publicity  and  oral  process ;  trial  of 
King,  Maximilian  II.,  opened  the  penal  offences  by  jury ;  reform  of 
Chambers  in  a  speech  which  wsa  the  electoral  law ;  recognition  of 
received  with  great  ^plause.  the  right  of  association,  vritb  pre- 
After  payings  graceful  compliment  cautionary  measures  against  abuse; 
to  his  father,  he  proceeded  to  de-  legal  arrangement  of  ecclesiastical 
clare  that  he  had  determined  to  affiiirs  in  the  spirit  of  .toleration 
grant  a  full  amnesty  for  political  and  equality ;  proposal  for  the  re- 
offences,  and  that  projects  of  law  vision  of  the  federal  tariff  (Ve- 
would  be  immediately  submitted  to  rnn-zoUtarif) ;  co-operation  for  the 
the  Chambers,  securing  the  respon-  timely  formation  of  the  Great 
sibility  of  the  Ministers  of  the  German  Confederation,  and  the 
Crown,  perfect  liberty  of  the  press,  representsUon  of  the  people  there- 
a  proper  representation  of  the  in." 
people    of   the    whole    kingdom. 

including     the     Palatinate,    the  HANOVER — In  Hanover  also 

abolition    of    certain     oppressive  the  Kins  yielded  to  the  atom  pres- 

tBxes,  the  promulgation  of  a  new  sure  of  the  times.    Early  in  March 

penal  code,  tiial  by  jury,  and  the  the  magistrates  addressed  a  peti- 

right  of  open  courts.     His  Majesty  tion  to  him,  demanding  the  liberty 


H«t*>Mr.]                    HISTORY.  [361 

of  the  press,  the  repreBentation  of  tions  whkh  have  reached  me,  I  have 

the  people  in  the  Oermanic  Diet,  alreadj  abolished  the  cessorsbip  of 

and  the  immediate  conToc«tion  of  thepress.permittedthepablication 

the  States.  of  the  proceedings  in  the  Estates, 

On  the  6th  of  this  month.  His  recognised  the  right  of  asaociation, 
Mqesty  replied  in  a  speech  of  con-  granted  the  desired  amnesty  and 
eideiable  length,  and,  afterremind-  restoration  of  rights  to  all  who 
ing  the  petitioners  of  the  prosperitj  have  been  condemned  for  political 
of  the  kingdom  during  the  years  offences — a  concession  which  I 
which  bad  elapsed  since  he  began  now  by  these  presents  expressly 
to  reign,  declared  that  he  had  no  declare — and  with  regard  to  seve- 
olgection  to  a  proper  liberty  of  the  ral  other  points  promised  further 
press,  established  under  certain  considention  and  legislation:  but 
guarantees.  As  for  the  States  of  I  can  do  nothing  more  until  the 
the  kingdom,  he  had  summoned  Estates  of  the  Kii^dom  are  as- 
tfaem  to  meet  at  the  end  of  the  sembled ;  with  which  view  I  have 
month.  The  demand  for  the  re-  given  orders  that  by  the  time  they 
presentation  of  the  people  at  the  meet  all  necessary  preparatory 
Germanic  Diet  was  the  most  dif-  measures  shall  have  been  taken, 
ficnlt  question  of  all.  For  him-  "  In  particular,  I  will,  under 
self,  he  did  not  see  how  such  a  de-  the  now  essentially  altered  position 
mand  could  be  realized  under  the  of  all  Germany,  lay  before  the  Es- 
ezisliQB  order  of  things,  nor  did  tates  proposals  for  a  change  in  the 
he  thi^  that  the  petitioners  would  constitution  of  the  country,  which 
be  able  to  suggest  any  satisfactory  change  shall  be  based  upon  the  re- 
means  for  bnnging  it  about.  He  sponsibility  of  the  Ministry  to  the 
would,  however,  give  the  subject  country,  and  upon  the  union  of  the 
every  attention.  Hie  Majesty  con-  Royal  Treasury  with  that  of  the 
eluded  by  expressing  his  convic-  Country." 
tion  that  his  loyal  Hanoverians  The  General  Assembly  of  the 
would  stand  by  him  in  any  state  Estates  of  the  kingdom  took  place 
emergem^,  and  assured  them  that  early  in  April ;  and,  in  an  answsr 
he  was  raady,  old  as  he  was,  to  to  an  Address  presented  by  the 
pour  out  the  last  drop  of  his  blood  Deputies,  the  King  said : — 
in  proof  of  his  affection  towards  hia  "I  place  the  most  implicit  con- 
faithful  subjects.  fidence  in  my  faithful  Hanoverians ; 

The  King  also  called  to  bis  and  be  assured,  gentlemen,  that 
councils  M.  Stiibe,  the  liberal  anch  is  my  affection  for  my  people 
Deputy  of  Osnabriick,  who  had  that  it  is  my  earnest  desire,  as 
been  imprisoned  for  several  years,  much  as  it  can  be  the  desire  of 
for  refusing  to  assent  to  some  mea-  any  man  living,  to  further  their 
snres  which  he  considered  arbi-  h^piuees.  I  bare  not  for  a  mo- 
trary  and  unconstitutional  when  ment  endeavoured  to  conceal  tmm 
the  Kmg  succeeded  to  the  crown  myself  the  difQculties  of  our  situa- 
of  Hanorei.  On  the  SOtb  of  tion,  although  none  of  those  la- 
March  the  Kir^  issued  the  follow-  meutable  occurrences  hare  taken 
ing  Boyal  proclamataon  :  —  place  here  that  have  distracted 
ether  countries.  1  will  ever  be 
"  Manoverutn$.—  ^^^  ^^   faithful  to   my  people, 

"  In  answer  to  mai^  represenia-  end  shall  remain  among  you  so 


362]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  iOtrmany. 

long  as,  with  the  help  of  Miniaters,  diatelf  renotmce  the  fbllowin^— 

I  can  serve  the  country,  and  moet  being  thoee,  the  Burrendar  of  w^ch 

energeiicallj  vill  I  cany  out  all  is,  in  mj  opinion,  most  impen- 

th&t  I  have  promised.     Should  it,  tively  required, 

howerer,  unfortuustelf  appear  that  "  1.  I  give  up  all  judicial,  po- 

I  can  no  longer  be  of  use  to  the  lice,  and  forest  jurisdiction  in  my 

<x>untrT,  that  anarchy  arisea,   or  possessions   in  Lover  Frsnconia 

that   demands  are  made  of   roe  and  Upper  Bavaria,  on  condition 

vhich  it  would  be    incompatible  of  the  removal  of  all  privileged 

with  roy  honour  to  comply  with,  appointments  and  pensions  thera- 

and  that,  consequently,   I  cannot  unto  appertaining  in  my  seignorial 

conscientiously  conduct  the  govern-  estates  in  Amorbodi  and  Milten* 

ment  of  the  coontry,  in  that  case,  berg,  and  in  my  patrimonial  estate 

gentlemen,  you  will  not  be  but-  of  Hohenberg,  and  the  abolition  of 

prised  that  I  resign   and   depart  the  forest  privileges  as  £ur  as  re- 

from  hence.    Yon  may  depend  that  lates  to  the  jniisdiction  of  the  com* 

I  shaU  then  carry  out  this  resolu-  munal  forests, 

tion."  "3.  I  renounce  the  patronage 

As  an  example  of  the  effects  of  of  churches  and  schools,  on  con- 

the  popular  movements  which  were  dition  of  the  abolition  of  the  bur- 

everywhere  ^ing  on,  and  of  the  dens  imposed  on  the  same, 

neceesity  which  was  felt  by  the  "  8.  I  renounce  the  privilege  of 

privileged  dsaees  of  instant  con-  judicature, 

cession,  to  stop,  if  possible,  the  "I  renounce   the  privilege  of 

torrent  of  revolution  that  threat-  Biegelmassigkeit. 

ened  to  sweep  away  all   institu-  "  When,    by  the  union  of  the 

tions,  we  give  the  following  decla-  classes  poasessing  property,  fre» 

ration  which  the  Prinoe  of  Leineo-  dom  and  law  shall  be  firmly  eetsr 

gen  addressed,   on   the    11th  of  bliahed,  rights  and  possessions  se- 

April,  to  the  I^ng  of  Bavaria,  the  cured  against  arbitrary  aggression 

object  of  which  was  to  oontribnte  from  whatever  quarter  emauating, 

to  remove  "the  barriers  which  se-  then  it  will  become  a  sacred  du^ 

parate  the  various  classes  of  per  to  toni  attention  ta  the  condition 

sons  possessing  property,  in  so  iar  of  the  poor  labouring  population, 

as  those  barriers  prevent  a  closer  and  by  wise  legielatuin  luid  other 

union  between  those  classes."  appropriate  measures  to  place  them 

The  Prince  said:  "I,  accord-  in  such  improved  circumstances 
ingly,  place  at  the  disposal  of  your  as  will  insure  their  ready  oo-<»>era> 
H^esty'a  Oovemment  all  those  tion  in  the  preserration  of  order." 
rights  and  privil^es  constitution- 
ally seoured  to  me  by  the  edict  re-  On  the  Snd  of  March  the  aob- 
gulating  the  lawful  position  of  the  ject  of  a  general  representation  of 
former  Electoral  Princes,  Counts,  the  different  States  of  the  Oennan 
and  Lords  of  landed  estates ;  aod  nation  was  discussed  in  the  assem- 
I  pray  that  these  rights  and  biy  of  the  States  of  Baden ;  and, 
privileges  may  be  made  use  of  on  the  6th  of  that  month,  fiAy-one 
as  soon  as  they  shall  be  deemed  Oermana  of  note  and  distinction, 
serriceable  for  the  welfore  of  the  who  were  nearly  all  members  of 
State.  the  different  Chambers  of  Prussia, 

"  In  the  meanirtiile,   I  inune-  Bavaria,    Frankfbit,    and    other 


Oarmmy.} 


HISTORY. 


SutM,  met  at  Heidelberg,  and 
pused  TariouB  resolutions,  the 
n»at  important  of  irhich  were  the 
following  :— 

"  Oenmany  must  not  be  engaged 
in  a  war,  either  tfaroagh  her  in- 
tervention in  a  neigbboQiing  couo* 
try  or  her  non-recognition  of  the 
new  order  of  tbinga  which  has 
there  ooourred. 

"  The  Oennene  will  not  be  in- 
dooed  to  deprive  other  nations  of 
that  liberty  and  independence 
which  they  have  earned  as  tiieir 
rigfaL  The  sole  defence  of  the 
Oerraans  and  their  Princes  most 
be  in  the  tried  fidelity  and  ooorage 
of  the  nation ;  and  not,  nnder  any 
circametances,  in  a  Russian  al- 
liance. 

"  A  representative  assembly, 
chosen  by  all  the  German  Stat«s, 
in  proportion  to  their  numbers,  is 
a  meaaure  of  imperious  necessity, 
as  much  for  the  purpose  of  avert- 
ing all  dai^er.  external  or  inter- 
nu,  as  for  developing  the  energy 
and  Mosperity  of  the  country. 

"With  this  view  seven  mem- 
ben  of  the  Assembly  have  been 
appointed  to  prepare  a  scheme  for 
the  organization  of  a  national  as- 
sembly, snited  to  the  wants  of  the 
cmintiy,  and  with  this  committee 
all  Oermans  are  requested  to  oom- 


A  Committee  of  seven,  consist 
ing  of  UM.  Binding,  Von  Oagem, 
Hergenbafan,  Somer,  Stedtmann, 
Welcker,  and  Willich,  was  accord- 
ingly appointed  to  draw  up  the  plan 
of  anew  Oerman  Parliament,  and  a 
preliminaiy  meeting,  or  Vor-Par- 
wnMHt,  iras  convoked  for  the  SOth 
of  March  at  Franld'ort. 

When  the  Diet  (i. «.  the  Assem- 
bly of  German  Representatives 
under  the  old  riffime)  met  there, 
on  Uie  8th  of  March,  the  Graf 
von  Blitteradorf,  Deputy  or  Envoy 
from  Baden,  propceed   that   they 


should  invite,  to  take  part  in  their 
deliberations,  seventeen  of  the  most 
popular  leaders  of  the  German 
people;  and,  in  conformity  with 
this  view,  overtures  were  made 
to  MM.  Welcker,  Von  Gagem, 
Wangenheim,  Jordan,  and  oueis, 
to  join  the  ranks  of  the  Diet. 

On  the  aeth  of  March  a  great 
meeting  took  place  at  Heidelberg,  ■ 
where  30,000  Germans  assembled 
in  and  around  tbe  ruins  of  the  mag- 
nificent castie  there,  and  soul-stii- 
ring  speeches  vrere  made  by  Mitter- 
mayer,  Hecker,  Gervinos,  Welcker, 
and  others.  Welcker,  amidst 
loud  applause,  pointed  to  England 
as  the  model  of  constitutional 
liber^,  and  called  upon  his  coun- 
trymen to  avoid  the  example  of 
France.  He  said,  "Do  not  mis- 
take licence  for  liberty,  nor  sup- 
pose that,  because  much  must  be 
remodelled,  all  must  be  orertumed. 
Far  be  such  a  thought  from  us: 
let  us  progress,  but  steadily  and 
thoughtfully ;  let  us  lay  the  foun- 
dation of  our  freedom,  a  national 
parliament;  let  us  be  citinens  of 
one  united  oountiy;  but  do  not 
tkMi  luek  an  olyect  can  bt  attaintd 
6y  proelaiming  a  lUpublie.  lAok 
to  France :  she  now,  for  the  second 
time,  possesses  that  form  of  Go* 
vemment,  in  which  alone,  accord- 
ing to  some,  true  freedom  is  to  be 
found.  What  has  she  gained  by 
it?  What  is  her  present  cond^ 
tion?  What  her  future  prospects? 
To  say  the  least,  they  are  not  en- 
couraging ;  and  I  am  delighted 
that  among  my  own  countrymen 
no  desire  has  been  expressed  to 
foUow  in  her  steps.  But  regard 
the  present  condition  of  England  " 
— [here  the  speaker  was  interrupts 
ed  by  thunders  of  applause]— "let 
her  be  our  model:  she  has  long 
enjoyed  free  institutions ;  she  alone 
now  remains  unshaken  by  the 
Storm  which  is.  bowling  jwonnd; 


364]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Oemany. 

and  it  is  to  her  we  must  look  as  chosen  to  act  as  Tice-Preeidents. 

oar  model  and  our  guide."  The  functions  of  this  Aasembly 

The  VoT-Parlammt,  consisting  vere  merely  of  a  preparatory  na- 

of  500  members,  met  in  the  Romer  ture,  and  were  limited  to  a  dis- 

atFrankfort,  on  the  30th  of  March,  cussion  and  adaption  of  electoral 

the  day  which  had  been  previously  rights  and  forms.     Having  deter- 

agreed  upon,  and  resolutions  were  mmed  the  basis  upon  which  the 

passed  determining  the  mode  of  representation  of  all  the  German 

election  for  the    Great  National  States  in  the  ensuing   Assembly 

Assembly,  which  was  to  be  con-  was  to  be   founded,   and   having 

voked  without  delay.     They  were  voted  unanimously  that  the  Duchies 

as  follows: —  of  Schleewig  and  Bobtein  should 

"Tbe  Federative  Assembly  re-  be  invited  to  send  deputies,  as 
solves  to  call  upou  the  Federal  being  part  of  the  German  Con- 
Governments  to  cause  national  re-  federation,  they  broke  up  the  meet- 
presentatives  to  be  elected  in  their  ing,  but  left  at  Frankfort  a  per- 
German  States,  which  election  manent  Committee  of  fifty  mem- 
shall  be  either  held  in  the  manuer  bera,  to  act  as  a  kind  of  governing 
which  the  constitution  of  the  re-  council  until  the  18th  of  May, 
spective  countries  prescribes,  or,  if  when  the  National  Parliament  was 
there  be  no  such  constitutional  to  assemble, 
manner,  then  shall  tbe  same  be  To  add  to  the  confusion  in 
introduced.  These  national  repre-  which  tbe  affairs  of  Germany  were 
sentatives  shall  assemble  in  this  plunged,  bands  of  insurgent  despe- 
town,  the  same  being  the  seat  of  radoes  formed  themselves  into  a 
the  Federative  Assembly,  and  they  kind  of  flying  army  in  the  southern 
shall  try  to  efl'ect  a  German  Con-  part  of  that  country,  under  the 
Btitution  between  the  Princes  and  command  of  two  democrat  leaders, 
their  people.  Since  circumstances  Hecker  and  Struve,  and  they  oo- 
tend  to  necessitate  the  adoption  of  casioned  much  alarm.  They  were, 
a  certain  standard  of  the  popula-  however,  defeated  by  the  troops  of 
tton,  according  to  which  the  said  the  German  Diet,  on  the  SOth  of 
national  representatives  are  to  be  April,  on  the  heights  of  Sohlech- 
chosen  in  each  federative  State,  it  tenan,  not  far  from  Itandera,  where  - 
has  appeared  convenient  to  found  Strove  was  made  a  prisoner,  al- 
these  proceedings  on  the  existing  though  Hecker  escaped  to  Basle, 
condition  of  federative  matrioula-  General  Von  Gagem,  who  com- 
tion,  and  the  Federative  Assembly  mended  tbe  troops  of  the  Diet 
ordains  that  one  representative  (but  who  must  not  be  confounded 
should  be  elected  to  each  70,000  with  Baron  Von  Gagem,  tbe 
souls  of  each  federative  State,  but  eloquent  member  of  the  German 
that  such  States,  the  population  of  Parliament),  was  killed  by  a  rifle- 
which  does  not  amount  to  the  afore-  shot  during  the  action, 
said  number  of  70,000  souls,  shall  On  the  16th  of  May,  the  mem- 
nevertheless  be  entitled  to  elect  hers  of  the  first  German  National 
one  representative."  Assembly  met  at  Frankfort,  and 

Next  day  ^March  31st)  the  elec-  a  message  was  sent  to  it  without 

tion  of  President  took  place,  and  delay  from  the  Diet,  in  which  the 

M.  Mittermayer  was  nominated  to  latter  expressed  its  desire  to  act 

that  office.     MM.  Dablmann,  Ilx-  in  friendly  unison  and  co-opemlion 

fltein,  Blum,  and  Jordan  were  also  with  the  newly  elected  represent 


Ofnnimi/.] 


HISTORY. 


[306 


tatiTes  of  the  grest  German  bmily. 
Nest  day  Baron  Von  Oagem  and 
Von  SoiroD  were  elected,  odintmm. 
President  and  Vice-President  of 
the  Assembly. 

The  chief  occnpation  of  the 
nenly  elected  body  for  some  weeks 
was  to  determine  the  nature  and 
limits  of  the  authori^  which  it 
became  necessary  to  lodge  in  some 
Central  Executive  power,  in  order 
to  insure  anything  like  unity  of 
action  in  the  Tarione  federative 
States.  It  was  not  until  the  &6th 
of  June  that  the  debate  termi- 
nated, and  the  prqjet  d»  loi  was 
put  to  the  TOte  by  sepante  para- 
graphs. The  resist  woe,  that  M. 
Soiron  announced  to  the  Assembly 
the  following  as  the  "  law  on  the 
creation  of  a  Provisional  Central 
Power  for  Germany:" — 

"  I.  Until  a  Government  be  de- 
finitively created  for  Germany,  a 
Provisional  Central  Power  shall  be 
formed  for  the  administration  of 
all  afifoirs  which  affect  the  whole  of 
the  German  nation. 

■•II.  The  Central  Power  shall, 
let,  act  as  executiTe  in  all  aSbirs 
that  relate  to  the  safety  and  wel- 
fare of  the  nation  in  general; 
Snd,  it  shall  take  the  supreme  di- 
rection of  the  whole  of  the  armed 
forces,  and  nominate  the  Com- 
mand OMn- Chief ;  3rd,  it  shall  pro- 
vide for  the  political  and  commer- 
cial representation  of  Germany, 
and  to  this  end  appoint  ambassa- 
dors  and  consuls. 

*'  III.  The  creation  of  the  con- 
BtitatioQ  remains  excluded  from 
the  sphere  of  action  of  the  Central 
Power. 

"IV.  The  Central  Power  de- 
cides on  questions  of  war  and 
peace,  and  in  connexion  with  the 
National  Assembly  it  concludes 
treaties  with  foreign  Powers. 

"V.  The  ProTisional  Central 


Power  is  confined  to  a  Regent 
{reUhmervieaer),  whom  the  National 
Assembly  elects.  Upon  this  ar- 
ticle the  votes  were— Ayes,  373; 
Noes,  176. 

"  VI.  The  R^ent  exercises  his 
power  by  Ministers  whom  he  no- 
minates, but  who  are  responsible 
to  the  National  Assembly.  All 
his  decrees,  to  be  valid,  must  be 
countersigned  by  at  least  one  re- 
sponsible Minister. 

"  VII.  The  Regent  is  irrespon- 
sible. 

"VIII.  The  National  Assembly 
will,  by  a  special  law,  fix  the  limits 
of  Ministerial  responsibility. 

"  IX.  The  Ministers  are  enti- 
tled to  be  present  during  the  sit- 
tings of  the  National  Assembly, 
and  to  be  heard  by  the  same. 

*'  X.  The  Ministers  are  bound, 
on  the  demand  of  the  National 
Assembly,  to  appear  before  the 
same  and  to  give  information. 

"XI.  They  have  the  right  of 
voting  in  the  National  Assembly 
only  when  they  are  elected  as 
members  of  the  same. 

"XII.  The  position  of  the  Re- 
gen  tie  incompatible  with  the  office  of 
member  of  the  National  Assembly. 

"  XIII.  The  German  Diet 
ceases  from  the  moment  that  the 
Central  Power  begins  to  exet«ise 
its  functions.  This  was  carried  by 
an  immense  minority — Ayes,  510 ; 
Noes,  3&. 

"  XIV.  The  Provisional  Central 
Power  shall  in  its  executive  capar 
city  act  as  far  as  compatible  with 
its  duty  in  understanding  with  the 
Plenipotentiaries  of  the  German 
Governments. 

"  XV.  The  action  of  the  Pro- 
visional Central  Power  ceases  as 
soon  as  the  constitution  for  Ger- 
many is  completed." 

The  whole  of  this  law  was  car- 
ried by  4C0  against  100  votes. 


366]  AKNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [G«nwmy. 

Oq  the  following  day  the  Ae>  dnke   John   as    Begent    hy   the 

aembly   proceeded    to    elect   Uie  Di^,  vhioh,  as  oar  readers  are 

IjOrd   Lieutenant,  or   Regent,  of  aware,    was   sitting  at  Frank&rt 

the    German  Empire   {Rtusktver-  simnltaneouely  witD  the  joiuwer 

weter).     The  President,  Von  Oa-  and     more     powerful    AaeemMy, 

gem,  propoeed  the  importantqaeB-  and  represented  the  old  Federal 

tion,  and  in  doing  so  iiaid,  "  I  now  QovemmeDt  of  German;  under 

proceed  to  pat  the  matter  to  the  the  provisions  determined  on  at 

vote,  that  the  National  Assembly  the  CongreBS  of  Vienna  in  181ft. 

may  choose  the  provisional  para-  This  august  body  placed  in  the 

mount  Head  of  the  Empire.   Who-  hands  of  the  deputation  of  mem- 

ever  he  may  be,  let  as  resolve  to  bers  from  the  Parliament,  whidi 

support  him  in  the  discharge  of  was    on   the   point    of    leaving 

hia  high  and  important  office  with  Frankfort  for  Vienna  to  annoanoe 

all  the  zeal  and  all  the  powers  we  to  the  Archdake  John  that  their 

can  command."  choice    had   £atlen   upon   him,    a 

The  favourite  candidate  was  the  letter  addressed  to  tltat  Frinoe,  in 

Archduke  John  of  Anstria,  uncle  which  they  said : — 
of   Ferdinand,  the    Emperor   of        "  The  German  National  Assem- 

Austria,  bom   90th  of  January,  bly  has  just  elected  your  Imperial 

176^,  and  therefore  at  this  period  Highness  as  Regent  of  our  bther- 

67  years  of  age.    He  was  elected  land. 

by  a  large  majority,  the  numbers        "  The  Diet  joins  the  whole  of 

being —  the  nation  in  their  veneration  for 

ForArchdnkeJohiiofAa8tria,43fl.  your  Imperial  Highness;  it  sym* 

ForHeinrichToiiGagem(thePre-  pathizeswitb  the  patriotism  which 

sident),  63.  produced    this    great  event,  and 

For  John  Adam  von  Itsztein,  33.  with  the  firm  conviction  that  this 

For  Archduke  Stephen,  Viceroy  of  election  will  be  a  harbinger  of  na- 

Hongory,  ] .  tional  prosperity,  and  the  firmest 

The  announcement  of  the  result  pledge  of  the  uni^,  power,  ho> 

was  received  with  great  cheering  nonr,  and  lil>ertr  of  our  common 

from  all  parts  of  the  Church  of  St.  country. 

Paul,    within   which  the  Parlia-        "  The  Diet  hastens  to  express 

ment  was  assembled.    The  Preei-  to  your  Imperial  Highness  these 

dent  then  rose,  and  said: —  oonvictiona  and  sentiments. 

"  I  proclaim,  therefore,  Archduke         "  The  Diet  feels   the   greatest 

John  of  Austria  Lieutenant- Ge-  satisfsction  in  assnring  your  Im- 

neral  of  Germany.     May  he  be  perial  Highness  that  its  plenipo- 

the  object  of  our  devotion,  the  tentiaries  were,   even  befort  Uie 

founder  of  our  unity,  the  preserver  conclusion  of  the  debate  on  the 

of  our  freedom,  and  the  restorer  creation  of  a  Proviaionai  Central 

among  us  of  order  and  of  peace.  Power,  instructed  by  their  req>eet- 

Once  more  let  us  cry  long  life  to  ive   Governments    to  .  declare  in 

him."  favour  of   the  election   of  your 

An  important   and    significant  Imperial  Highness  to  so  a  high  a 

recognition   of  these  acts  of  the  vocation." 

German  Parliament  or  National        This  letter  was  mgned  en  behalf 

Assembly  occurred  in  the  adop-  of  the  German  Diet  by  the  Presi- 

tion  of  dieir  choice  of  the  Arch-  dent,  Chevalier  Schmeriing. 


QtrmMy.]                     HISTORY.  [367 

The  Depntatioii  then  proceeded  md  the  execution  of   the  laws. 

to  Vienna,  and  vas   received  hj  Hia  Ministers  to  be  responsible, 

the  Archduke  in  the  Imperial  Pa-  and  no  edict  ta  be  law  wiUiout  the 

lace,  where  be  stood  surrounded  signature  of  one  of  them.     The 

b;  ministers  and  ambassadors  front  Upper  Chamber  of  the   Diet  to 

the  various  German  states,  toge-  consist  of  all  the  present  German 

ther  with  a  numerous  staff.    In  Sovereigns,  and  a  further  number 

reply  to  the  Address,  he  said ;—  of  persons,  at  least  fort;  ^ears  old, 

"  I  feel  flattered  and  honoured  elected  by  Sovereigns  or   Diets 

by  my  election  to  (he  important  from  the  citizens  of  any  Qennan 

office  of  a  S^^ent    The  Diet  has  state ;  to  serve  for  twelve  years — 

informed  me  of  the  assent  of  the  one-third  goii^  ont  each  four  years 

Gernum  Govenunents  to  thia  eleo-  by  rotation.    The  Lower  Chamber 

tion.  to  be  elected  for  a  period  of  six  , 

"  The  confidence  and  kind  feel-  years — one-third  retuing   bienni-  i 
ings  thus  shown  me  place  me  nn-  ally :  the  members  to  be  thirty  | 
der  ^reat  obligations.    I  am  fully  years  of  age,  to  be  pud  for  their  { 
sensible  of  the  honour,  bat  also  of  services,  and  to  be  chosen  by  the 
the  importance  and  the  difficulties,  people  at  large.     Every  man  of 
of  the  dignity  you  have  conferred  age,  and  not  condemned  for  crime, 
upon  me.     May  God  atreugthen  to  have  a  vote.    The  electoral  bo- 
rne to  justify  that  confidence  for  dies  to  be  divided  into  districts  of 
the  wdfare  of  the  German  na-  100,000  souls.    The  Diet  to  as- 
tion  !  .  ,  .  .  semble  at  Fronkfort-on-the-Moine. 

"  I  intend  at  once  to  communi-  A  Court  of  Imperial  Judicature  to 

cate  with  the  Emperor,  my  most  be  framed,  which  shall  have  cog- 

gnciouB  Lord,  in  order  to  effect  nizance  of  all  disputes  between 

an  understanding  about  the  man-  German  States  and   Princes,  of 

nsr  in  which  the  duties  of  my  new  disputes  between  citizens  of  dif- 

position  may  be  reoonuled  to  the  ferent  states,  and  disputes  between 

confidence  he  plaoeB  in  me."  Princes  and  their  State   Diets; 

At  the  end  of  June  the  Com-  also  of  all  Imperial  fiscal  matters, 

mittee  of  seventeen,  to  whom  had  Free  municipel  constitutions  to  be 

been  intrusted   the  task  of  pre-  guaranteed ;  a  national  goard ;  un- 

parina  the  draft  of  a  constitution  restrained  freedom  of  public  meet- 

lor  United   Germany,   presented  ing ;  and  absolute  fireedom  of  re- 

their  report  to  the  Assembly,  which  ligion,  science,  and  the  press. 

contained  the   following    leading  The  Archduke  was  solemnly  in- 

features : — The  German   Empire  stalled  at  Frankfort,  on  the  13th 

was  to  comprise  the  countries  of  of  July,  as  Regent  of  the  Oer- 

die    German    Confederation,    in-  man  Empire.    Baron  von  Gagem, 

dudingSchleswig,  Posen,  and  Is-  as  President  of  the  Pariiament, 

tria.    The  Confederation  to  be  a  addressing  him,  said : — 

Gonstitnlional   monarchy,  with  a  "The  German  people  aoknow- 

Diet  of  two  elective  Chambers,  ledge  vrith  joy  your   Highness's 

The  "  Emperor  of  Germany  "  to  patriotiBm ;  but  diey  wish  you  to 

be  hereditaiy  and  inviolable ;  to  devote  yourself  entirely,  and  vrith- 

have  power  of  making  peace  and  out  reserve,  to  their  interests, 

war;  a  voice  in  proposing  mea-  "Permit  me  to  direct  the  law 

Buree;  a  power  in  affirming  them;  constituting  the  Provisional  Cen- 


368]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.       [OenMng. 

trsl  GoTernment  to  be  read.    I  State,  M.  Mevissen,  of  Colt^e, 

pray  your  Highness,  in  the  name  M.  Fallati.  of  Tubingen, 

of  the  National  Assembly,  to  de-  On  the  1th  of  Augoat  the  Frenk- 

clars  in  their  presence  that  you  fort  Parliament,  after  an  animated 

will  obey  this  law,  and  cause  it  to  and  eloquent  debate,  decided  on 

be  obeyed,  for  the  honour  and  hap-  the   abolition   of   capital    poniah- 

piness  of  our  country."  ments  by  a  nuyoritj  of  UBS  to 

The  Regent  then  solenmly  gave  146. 
the  required  promise,  and  conti-  On  the  6th  of  September  the 
nned  : —  Parliament  detennined  not  to  ra- 
"  I  declare,  in  addition,  that  I  tify  the  amustice  concluded  be- 
will  devote  myself  exclusively  to  tween  the  Danes  and  Prussiana  at 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  this  Malmo.     By  a  majority   of   ti38 
office,  and  will  reqnest   the  Em-  to  23  they  voted  a  suspension  of 
peror  to  relieve  me  from  the  charge  the  messures  requisite  for  carrying 
of  acting  as  his  substitute  imme-  It  into  execution,  and  the  Ministry 
diately  after  the  opening  of  the  of  the  Regent  in  oopaequence  de- 
Diet  at  Vienna,  on  which  occasion  termined  to  resign.    In  this  emer- 
I  have  promised  to  act  for  him."  ^ncy  the  Archduke  applied  to  M. 
After  some  variation  in  the  ap-  Dahlmann  to    form  a   Ministry, 
pointments,  the  first  Ministry  of  He  made  the  attempt  but  fiuled, 
the  first  Regent  of  the  Germanic  and   M.  Hermann   was   next  in- 
Empire  was  finally  constituted  by  trusted  with  the  task, 
him  as  follows : —  In  the  meantime,  however,  the 
President  of  the  Council  (without  obstinate  and  violentoonduct  of  the 
portefeuille),  —  The   Prince  of  Scbleswig- Hoi  stein    Duchies  was 
Leiningen.  modifying  the  opinions  of  the  Ger- 
Foreign  Afiiair^, — M.   Hecksoher,  man  Parliament  in  their  favour, 
of  Hamburg ;  Under  Secretaries  The  combined  Assembly  of  the 
of  State,  M.  Von  Bregeleben,  of  two  Duchies  had  unanimously  de- 
Darmatsdt,  Baron  Max  Von  Ga-  clared  itself  permanent,  and  had 
gem,  of  Wiesbaden.  rejected  the  new  Provisional  Go- 
Interior, — M.  Von  Schmerling,  of  vemment altogether;  ithaddeter- 
Vienna;    Under  Secretaries  of  mined  to  act  in  conjunction  with 
State,  M.  Bassermann,  of  Mann-  the  ex-Govemment,  and  had  de- 
heim.M.  Von  Wiirth,  of  Vienna,  cided  that  all   laws   framed  and 
Justice, — M.  Robert  Mohl,  of  Hei-  enacted  by  itself  since  the  94th 
delbei^;    Under   Secretary    of  of  March  last  should  be  binding, 
State,  Si.  Widenmann,  of  DUs-  unless  the  will  of  the  people,  as 
seldorff.  represented    by    the    Assembly, 
War,— General  Von  Peucker;  Un-  should  demand  alterations.  Count 
der  Secretary  of  State,  M^or  Moltke  had  been  obliged  to  fly 
Von  Brand,  both  of  the  Pruasias  the    counttr,   and    take    refuge 
army.  on  the  borders  of  Jutland.    The 
Finances, — M.  Von  Beckerath.  of  Schleswig-Holstein  troops  bad  al- 
Crefetd,  near  Diisseldorff;  Un-  ready   evinced  a  great    spirit  of 
der  Secretaryof  State, M.Matby,  insubordination  to  their  Pnusian 
of  Carlsruhe.  officers;  and  these  oircumatancea 
Commerce, — M.  Duckwitz,  of  Bre-  combined   to  produce  an  auxious 
men ;    Under    Secretaries    of  desire  on  the  part  of  the  AasemUy 


Chrma^.]                      HISTORY.  [369 

at  Fmikfort  to  put  a  stop  to  far-  ofBce  provisioiull;.  This  Minister 

.ther  excesses.      It  therefore  did  sctad  with  promptitude  ftndconrBge, 

not  persevere  in  its  opposition  to  snd  immediatelj  ordered  detach- 

tlie  armistice  of  Malmo,  and  on  mente  of  Austnsn,  Prussian,  and 

tlie  I6ilt  of  September,  after  a  BavariRn  troops    to    march   into 

long  sitting  and  stormj   debate,  Frankfort.      Uq  the  16di,  a  to- 

tha  following  resolutions  were  car-  multuous  scene  occurred  in  the 

hed  b;  a  majoritj  of  Q57  to  28H.  Church  of  St.  Paul's,  where  tlie 

"  1.  That  the  execution  of  the  Assembly  held  ita  meetings,  and 
annistice  shall  not,  so  far  as  is  pos-  tbe  condnct  of  the  Left  was  marked 
Bible,  or  as  the  actual  state  of  afiairs  b;  outrageous  violence.  The  po- 
vill  penult,  be  in  any  vm  pre-  pulace  also  began  to  throw  stones 
vented.  3.  That  the  Central  at  the  soldiery,  and  to  erect  barri- 
Fowar  of  Germany  be  requested  to  codes  in  the  streets.  A  depata- 
come  to  an  nnjierstanding  with  tion  of  the  riotors  waited  upon  the 
Denmark  to  introduce  into  the  Begent,  and  told  him  that  order 
torma  of  the  said  armistiGe  the  would  not  be  restored  unless  the 
modifications  which  Denmark  her-  troops  were  withdrawn.  He  re- 
self  has  declared  admissible."  ferred  them  to  his  Ministers ;  and 

The  adoption   of  these  resolu-  Von    Schmerling    replied   by   de- 

tions  raised  the  fury  of  the  radical  daring  the  town   in   a  state    of 

and  war  party  in  the  Chamber  to  siege,    and  he  ordered  that  the 

the  highest  pitoh,  and  thej  loet  no  bamcades  shoold  be  carried  by 

time  in  appealing  to  die  passione  main  force, 

of  the  mob,  in  order,  if  possible,  by  Prussian  and  Austrian  troops 

a  display  of  popular  violence,  to  had  been  posted  at  noon  in  various 

overawe  the  Assembly.  The  people  quarters  of  the  town,  and  a  strong 

were  haraugued  by  tiie  democralJc  detachment  of  Prussian  soldiers 

leaders    from    balconies     in    the  surrounded     the    Parliament,    in 

streets,  and  monster  meetings  were  order  to  protect  it.     Barrit^es 

held  outside  the  town,  at  one  of  wera  at  this  time  in  the  course  of 

which  the   following   resolutions  construction   on  the  RSmerberg. 

were  voted: —  The  pavement  was  torn  up,  and 

1.  This  meeting  declares  the  large  packing-cases  filled  with 
members  of  the  m^ority  who  rati-  stones  were  prepared  for  the  barri- 
fied  the  infamous  armistice  of  cades.  No  less  than  twenty-three 
Malmti  to  be  guilty  of  high  trea-  of  these  bulwarks  obstructed  the 
•on  agsinst  the  majes^,  liberty,  passage  in  the  principal  stieets. 
and  honour  of  the  German  people.  The  two  strongest  and  largest  in 
St.  This  resolution  shall  at  once  size  were  in  tbe  Dongesgasse  and 
be  communioated  to  the  German  in  the  Schnnrgasse,  near  the  Ex- 
people.  3.  A  deputation  shall  to-  change.  The  lattor  was  furnished 
morrow  inform  the  members  of  the  with  loop-holes  and  a  kind  of  cre- 
m^ority  of  this  resolution.  viced  battlement,  and  omnibuses 

The   Senato  now  of^ially  in-  and  carriages  were  placed  in  front 

formed  the  Regent  that  they  could  of  it.      The  combat  commenced 

no  longer  preserve  the  peace  of  tbe  at  thrae  o'clock,  by  a  detachment 

town,  and  in  the  emergency  he  of  Austrians  nurmng  from  the 

persuaded  Von  Schmerling,  who  Liebfrauenberg   down    upon    the 

'bad  provioualy  resigned,  to  iMume  barricade    in    the    Diingeuaase, 

Voi-XC.  [2B]        .      ^  _ 


370]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.       [Osrm^mg. 

from  the  top  of  which  %  Urge  nd  Bat  two  deplonble  mtuden  had 

flag  was  hoiatad.     ThM  were  re*  bean  oommitted  during  the  day. 

oeived  by  the  rioters  with  ft  Bburp  Prince  Liohnowski,  one  of  the  moat 

and  well-directed  fire  from  rifles  eloquent  and  distiiwaished  mem- 

utd  mnakete,  and  obliged  to  retire,  bars  of  tbe  Assembly,  and  M^or 

Being  reinftffced  by  a  party  of  Aaarswald,  were,  iriiile  attamptinff 

Frusaiiui  eotdiers,  they  advanced  to  reason  with  the  rebels,  attacked 

again,    dislodged   the  insutgenta,  with  sarage  ferocity,  and  soon  after 

and  made  themaelvea  masters  of  died  from  their  numerous  wounds, 

the  Zsil,  the  principal  street  of  A  bollat  entered  the  back  of  H^or 

Frasldbrt,  when  they  immediately  Auenwald'shead,oomingontidMTe 

prooaaded  to  attack  the  position  of  his  right  eye ;  anodier  atruck  the 

tbe  insurgents  in  the  Coostablei-  young  Prince  Uirough  the  body. 

Waobe,  a  strongly  fortified  guard-  The  first  dropped  from  his  hone 

house.    Tbe  position  of  tbe  troops  almost  senseless ;  the  latter  was 

in  the  large  open  street  of  the  Zeil  pulled  from  bis ;  sad  both  wera 

was  extremely  dangerous,  for  they  emeUy  maltreated.  TheMqorsoon 

wero  exposed  to  a  ^ling  fire  from  breathed  his  last;  but  the  Prince 

the  rebels  in  the  ConstaUer-Wache,  was  left  still  liviog  in  the  dust  with 

and  from  tbe  innumerable  lanes  both  bis  aims  backed  by  a  hatchet, 

and  fjloya  which  open  into  that  HemaoaniedtoanhoBpilal.irtiere 

great  thoroughfare.   Sharpebooten  he  soon  afterwards  ezpved. 

too  had  found  acosas  to  tbe  faotuss.  On  the  following  day  the  Regent 

and  firod  from  the  windows  down  issued  a  jproclan^tion   "  to   tbe 

oo  the  soldiers.  Oennaa   People,"   in  which    he 

At  five   o'clock  an  attempt  at  said: — 

conoiliadou  wae  made,  and  a  flag  "ThscrimtnalexeeeseeatFrsnk- 

of  trace  was  aent  to  the  barricades,  fbrt,  the  intended  attack  on  tbe 

whero  it  was  received  with  a  sud-  Parliamenl,  tbe  street  riots,  for 

den    volley   of   musketry.      One  the  Buppression  of  wbiob  an  armed 

member   of   the  deputatioii  was  force  was  required,  the  shooking 

severely  wounded.     The  rest  were  assassination,  and  tlMmenacesand 

then  allowed  to  approach  and  nego-  riolence  which  some  Members  of 

tiate,  and  an  armistice  of  one  hour  the  Pariiament  have  suffered,  have 

was  finally  agreed  upon.  plainly   exposed   tbe  vievre   and 

The  radi^  Members   of   the  '  means  of  action  of  a  party  who 

Left  in  the  meantime  petiti<»ied  desire  to  involve  their  oountiy  in 

the   Arohduks    to   withdraw  the  tbe  horrors  at  anarchy  and  of  ft 

militaiy  from  the  town,  to  which  eivil  war. 

modest  request  he  relied  by  at  "G«rmaasl  Your  liberty  is  sa- 

onoe  proclaiming  martial  law,  and  cred  to  me.   It  shall  be  established 

deoknng  tbe  luty  to  be  in  a  state  on  a  durable  and  firm  basis  by  tbe 

of  siege.  Conatitotioa  wbidi  your  RepresaD- 

Artillery  was  now  brought  into  tatives  are  now  framing.    But  you 

play,  and  shattsiad  the  barricades  would  be  deprived  of  liberty  if  law- 

u   every  direction.     This    soon  lessness  and  anarchy  were  to  get 

decided  the  contest ;  and  before  the  upper  hand  in  Germany, 

midnight  the   straggle  was  over,  "Grermansl  Tfaelawof  theSSth 

tbe  insurgents  wera  defeated  at  aU  of  June,  1848,  places  in  my  bands 

points.andtianquilli^  was  restored,  exeoutiva  powecs  in  afiaira  whicli 


«««*«.]                      HISTORY.  [371 

ngtxd.^0  gamnd  safety  snd  wel-  Uie   onder  Secretuies  of   State, 

£ti«  of  Oemumy.     It  is  my  dotj  both  of  vhom  were  depuldeB  from 

to    protect    the    coantry  as  weU  that  kingdom,  TedgDM  office,  and 

^ainat  domntic  crime  sa  agaiiiBt  Baron  Von  Gagemwea  called  upon 

jweign  enemies.    I  know  my  dnty,  to  form  a  Ministry.     This  he  boo- 

•nd  I  mean  to  fulfil  it ;  and  yoo,  ceeded    in  doing,    and   the  new 

German  men,  lorera  of  your  eonit-  Cabinet  remained  in  office  until 

try  and  of  liberty,  from  yov  I  ex-  the  end  of  the  year.    The  policy 

pect  that  yon  will  stand  t^  me."  which  Von  OBseni  recommended 

At  the  same  time  votes  of  eon-  to  the  Asaembly  with  respect  to 

fideoce  in  the  Himatry,  and  thanks  Austria  was   to   treat   her  as  a 

to  the  Fedmal  troops  for  their  de-  member  of  the  German  Confede- 

nrtieo  and  modention  in  the  lata  ratioa,  and,  ae  such,  have  diplo- 

eonflict,  w«e  proposed  and  carried  matic   intercourse    with    her   on 

in  the  Assembly.  sntjeots  of  national  interest,   bat 

The  rest  of  the  year  was  oUefly  conaider  her  as  not  embraced  in 
ooeiq>ied  in  discnssing  the  articles  the  new  Federal  Constitution,  and 
of  the  Gennan  Conatitntion,  which  therefore  not  mtitled  to  be  con- 
was  not  promulgated  at  the  end  of  suited  in  its  oonstruction.  Itthus 
December.  became  an  anxious  aubject  of  spe- 

A  new  element  of  disoord  arose  eolation  in  Europe,  whether  the 

out  of  what  may  be  called  Um  general  peace  oould  be  preserved 

Austrian  question.     The  ancient  while  the  great  Austrian  Empire 

monar^y  of  the  House  of  Haps-  was    isolated    from    the   Oermaa 

bni^  showed  no  disposition  to  be  family  of  States,  and  watched  with 

absorbed  in  the  new  oombination  jealousy  the  pretensions  of  Prussia 

of  German  States,  and  refused  to  and  faer  Monarch  to  sopremai^. 
htm  part  of  the  Oonfederation. 

This  WS0  a  great  stumbling-block  RUSSIA. — While  revolutions 
in  the  mj,  ta  it  seemed  impos-  were  overthrowing  some,  and  shak- 
sible  to  realize  the  idea  of  Qennan  ing  to  their  oentre  others  of  the 
onilj,  and  at  the  same  time  ignore  thrones  of  the  European  Powers, 
the  azistanoe  of  suoh  an  empire  as  considerable  anxiety  was  felt  as  to 
AuAria.  Between  her  and  Pms>  what  would  be  the  course  of  policy 
sia  a  rivalry  existed,  which  threat-  adopted  by  Russia.  There  was  a 
ened  to  break  out  into  open  hoe-  general  apprehension  that  the 
tilily,  if  fay  any  act  (rf  the  Frankfort  Emperor  would  interfere  on  he- 
Parliament  die  supremacy  in  Gei^  half^of  the  Austrian  Government, 
many  of  the  latter  kingdom  was  and  employpartofhisvastmilitary 
recognised ;  and  this  would  happen  force  in  coercing  the  rebellious 
if  the  King  of  Prussia  were  elected  aubiecta  of  the  house  of  HapsboK. 
Emperor  of  Germany,  which  there-  But  nodiing  of 'the  kind  lo^ 
foK  became  a  su^eot  of  grave  place.  Not  a  single  Russian  sol- 
anxiety,  and  caused  much  dissen-  dier  crossed  the  German  frontier, 
sion  in  the  Cha»ber.  and  the  Emperor  contented  him- 

The.  feeling,  however,  against  self  with  strengthening  his  army 

the    condnot   of  Anstha  was  so  at  all  points,  and  watching,  without 

strong  that,  on  the  IBth  of  De-  takingponin.theoventstfaatfllled 

cellar.    Von    Schmerling,    the  all  Europe  with  astonishment.   In 

Prime  MioiBter,  and  Wuth,  cme  of  the  month  of  Uaroh  he  iuDed  the 
[2BS] 


372]  ANNUAL   REGISTEK,  1848.         [Bwri* 

following  spirited  manifasto  to  his  14th  (39tb)  of  Much,  in  the  j«u 

people:—  of  Grace  1818,and  theaSidof  oar 

"After  the  benefits  of  &  long  leign." 
|ieace,  the  West  of  Europe  finds  Subseqnentl;,  in  the  month  of 
Itself  at  this  moment  suddenlv  July,  the  Rnsnan  Government  ad- 
given  over  to  pertorbotions  Thicn  dressed  an  abl;  written  exposition 
threaten  with  ruin  and  OTerthrow  of  its  polity  to  its  diplomatic  agents 
all  legal  powers  and  the  whole  in  Gernumj,  which  it  pfdJBoed  by 
social  sjatem.  Baying  that — 

"  InsuFreotion  and  Anarchy,  the        "  The    Gennan   press,    whose 

offspring  of  France,  soon  crossed  animosity  against  Riusla  appeared 

the    German   frontier,   and    have  to  have  relaxed  for  a  moment,  has 

spread  themselves  in  every  direc-  lately  recommenced  busying  itself 

tion  with  an  audacity  which  has  about   us ;    and   those  measures 

gained  new  force  in  proportion  to  which  prudence  for  ourownseonri^ 

the    coDcessionB  of  the    Govern'  has  forced  us  to  adopt  on  our  fron- 

ments.     This  devastating   plague  tiers  have  given  rise  to  the  most 

has  at  last  attacked  our  ^lies  the  unwarranted  suppositions  and  oora- 

Empire  of  Austria  and  the  King-  mentaries. 
dom  of  Prussia,  and  to-day,  in  its        "  The  language   held   on  this 

blind   fiiry.    menaces    even    our  subject  in  the  assemblies  of  Oer- 

Busaia,  that  Russia  which  God  hss  many,  though  lees  immoderate  and 

confided  to  our  care.  lees  positive,  nevertheless   bears 

"  But  Heaven  forbid  that  this  the  stamp  of  the  same  surmises." 
should  be  I  Faithful  to  the  es-  It  afterwards  proceeded  to  ex- 
ample hnnded  down  from  onr  plain  its  views,  as  follows : — 
ancestors,  having  first  invoked  the  "  Our  system,  however,  has  been 
aid  of  the  Omnipotent,  we  are  purely  one  of  defence  and  precau- 
ready  to  enoounter  onr  enemies  tion.  We  protest  that  it  never 
from  whatever  side  they  may  pre-  had,  and  that  it  has  not  at  this 
sent  themselves,  and  without  spar-  moment,  any  other  character, 
ing  our  own  person  we  will  know  "  Instead  of  regarding  things 
how,  iodisflolubly  united  to  our  from  this  point  of  view,  and  of 
holy  country,  to  defend  the  honour  acknowledgingthal,ifwebavebeen 
of  the  Russian  name,  and  the  obliged  to  arm,  the  principal  caase 
inviolability  of  our  territory.  We  was  owing  to  the  repeated  provoca- 
are  convinced  that  every  Russian,  tion  which  had  been  ofiisrfrd  to  us, 
that  every  one  of  cur  faithful  sub-  the  democratic  opinion  loves  to 
jeots  will  respond  with  joy  to  the  huri  the  charge  of  ideas  of  aggres- 
call  of  his  Sovereign.  Our  ancient  eion  at  us,  The  German  press 
war  ciy,  '  For  our  faith,  our  eove-  daily  teems  with  the  most  absurd 
reign,  and  our  'Country,'  will  ones  mmours,  and  the  most  odious 
again  lead  us  on  the  path  of  victory,  calumnies  have  been  laid  to  our 
and  then  with  sentiments  of  hum-  charge.  More  than  once  these 
ble  gratitude,  as  now  with  feelinm  journals  have  slated  that  oar  troops 
of  holy  hope,  we  will  all  cry  with  have  passed  the  frontiers,  although 
one  voice,  '  God  is  on  our  side,  they  have  not  left  their  canton- 
understand  this,  ye  peoples,  and  ments.  There  is  no  insidious  de- 
submit,  for  God  is  on  oar  side.'  sign  but  what  is  attributed  to  as — 
.  .  "  Given  at  St.  Petenborg,  the  no  imaute,  no  sedition,  either  in 


^••^■'i                     history:  [373 

0«rniaiiy  or  ScleTonia,  Which  we  "  DnriDg    the    long    peace    of 

hare    not     favoured    ondeihaDd,  thirtT-three  je&n,  the  benefits  of 

either   by    our    monejr   or    our  vhich  are  so  l^[htljr  set  aside  hj 

agents.  the  volatile  spirit  of  the  present 

"  The  hostility  which  we  are  generation,  we  have  nerer  ceased 
Buppoeed  to  entertain  gguDBt  Ger-  to  reoommend  and  inaintaiti  in 
many  is  precisely  on  a  level  with  Germany  concord  and  unity — not, 
what  is  felt,  or  rather  nhat  it  is  indeed,  that  material  unity  which 
attempted  to  create  against  ns  in  is  now  the  dsj-dream  of  a  demo- 
Germany,  craticspirit  of  levelling  and  aggrau- 

"  If,  instead  of  attributing  to  ua  disement,  and  which,  if  it  were 
sentiments  of  hatred  which  we  do  possible  to  realize  it  as  conceived 
not  cherish,  and  of  forming  coiyec-  by  ambitious  theorists,  would  in- 
tures  on  our  pretended  designs  fallibly,  sooner  or  later,  plunge 
which  are  without  fbandation,  men  Germany  into  war  with  eh  her 
would  form  a  more  just  and  true  ne^bbonrs — but  that  moral  unity, 
idea  of  the  past,  they  would  like-  that  sincere  harmony  of  views  and 
wise  understand  the  present,  and  intentions  in  all  political  questions 
see  that  the  enemy  they  so  gra-  which  the  German  Confederation 
tuitonsly  coi^nre,  whom  they  de-  formerly  treated  of. 
light  in  holding  up  as  a  phantom,  "  It  b  the  maintenance  of  this 
and  against  whom  a  national  war  union,  it  is  the  oonsolidation  of  the 
is  said  lobe  indispensable,  has  ever  bonds  which  unite  the  German 
been,  and  is  at  this  moment,  if  Governments  together,  which  has 
Germany  only  wishes,  animated  ever  been  our  sole  aim,  because  we 
with  sentiments  of  benevolence  desire  the  peace  of  Europe ;  and  in 
and  disinterestednesa  towards  her.  our  opinion  the  surest  guarantee  of 
When,  indeed,  has  Gennany  had  this  peace  has  ever  been  lodged  in 
cause  to  complain  of  us  ?  When  the  intimate  union  of  all  the  Go- 
have  we  formed  prqjecta  against  vemments  which  constitute  the 
her  independence?  When  have  German  Confederation, 
we  even  menaced  an  invasion?  "  What  we  desired  all  this  time. 
What  part  of  her  territory  have  we  we  desire  at  the  present  day. 
taken,  or  even  coveted?  During  "  If  it  had  been  our  object  effect- 
tbe  whole  lime  the  Continent  was  ively  to  seek  for  a  pretext  for  ag- 
groomng  under  the  domination  of  gression,  would  not  this  single  fact 
a  conqueror,  Russia  shed  her  blood  have  formed  a  most  &vourable 
to  assist  Germany  in  the  mainte-  one  ?  A  war  deeply  to  be  regretted 
nanceof  her  integrity  and  her  inde-  has  been  made  upon  a  northern 
pendence.  The  Russian  territory  monarchy  whose  integrity  we  have 
had  been  free  for  a  long  time  when  guaranteed,  and  the  maintenance 
she  continued  to  follow  and  to  ens-  of  which  is  indispensable  to  the 
tain  her  German  allies  on  all  the  equilibrium  of  Europe,  which,  by 
battle-fields  of  Europe.  More  re-  the  complications  to  which  it  may 
cently.in  184U,when  warappeared  easily  give  rise,  and  by  ideas  of 
for  a  moment  on  the  eve  of  oreak-  maritime  ambition  with  which  po- 
ing  oat  on  the  Rhine,  we  placed  pular  opinion  investa  it,  menaces  an 
our  naval  and  military  forces  at  attack  upon  the  general  peace  and 
their  disposal.  the  interests  of  the  lateral  Powera 


374]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [»«** 


the    insorreetiaa    in    the    Grand  We  hare,  therefore,  conoontratad 

Duchy  of  Posen,  and  the  state  of  our  army  on  the  frontier,  in  order 

Oalicia,  might  seriouBly  endanger  to  ward  off  those  damages  irtnch 

the  internal  tranquillity  of  our  own  may  suddenly  arise  from  tlie  pre- 

provinces.     Under    present    con-  sent  and  still  precuious  state  of 

tinsencies,    and  especially   under  Europe." 
tack  ciroomatancea,  the  most  oom- 


b,GoogIc 


^r^ma.2  HISTORY.  [375 


CHAPTER  Xni. 


Pscasu. — 3pttek  of  tkt  Kmg  in  Cloimg  th«  flnrion  of  tht  Vniud  Diet 
— Ortat  B^orm  Mtfling  at  Bmim—RtmarkaiU  Manifulo  of  ths 
King — Ctniankip  of  tA«  Prtt$  aboUthgd — VnfortunoU  coUdion  b»- 
tmtm  A*  ntfUtary  and  tlu  populace  at  Berlin — Decree  authorimg  a 
Utttional  Ovard — Addrtm  of  the  Minieter,  Count  Sehiterin,  to  tkt 
Studmtf — Liberation  of  the  captive  PoUa — Frederick  William't  Ad- 
drtei  to  Ae  StvderUe — Royal  Proelamatione — Deputation  of  Pole* 
from  BreiUtu— Rapid  changet  of  Afmulry  at  Berlin — Opening  iff 
8eeo»d'Seuion  of  the  Pnutian  Die^~Rof/al  Speeek~-Programme  of 
the  Electoral  Lme—Jddreu  of  tA«  DM— M(Rttt«naI  £;^ii(NM(Joft — 
An^notton  of  CmuU  AmiM — Bam  of  n»e  Pnatian  Conttitution— 
QuMtion  of  direct  or  indirea  Election  for  the  Nation^  Aetembbf  at 
Frankfort — General  Election — Meeting  of  the  Pruieian  Natitmal  At- 
umblf — Speech  from  the  ThroTie — Outline  of  the  Conttitution — 
TwniU  at  Berlm,  and  attack  on  Ike  Artenal — Rengnatixm  of  the 
Minittry — Tkt  AuertmUd  Cabinet — The  Army  and  Political  Quee- 
tioni — Change  of  Mittittry — General  Von  PfmX  forme  a  new  Cabinet 
— Prodamation  to  the  Army — General  Von  Wrangel'e  Addreee  to  the 
Troopt — Invation  of  tht  Attembly  by  the  mob — Count  Von  Branden- 
burg made  Prvtident  of  the  Council — Sitting  of  AttemUy  tramf erred 
to  Brandtnbttrg — Tumult  in  tkt  Atiemhly — InUtferenee  of  tke 
military— B^rgh^  Guard  diihanded'-'Beriin  declared  in  a  ttate  of 
tiego—Ditarrmng  of  the  Burgher  Guard — Obetinate  conduct  of  the 
AtMmbly-~lt  deniet  to  the  Brandenburg  Minittry  authority  to  levy 
toMt—The  Gotmttment  euccestful  in  Ae  itntggU — Addreu  by  the 
Arehduht  John  to  Ike  German  peopU — Meetinp  of  tke  Attembly  at 
Brandenburg — It  it  dietolved  by  a  Royal  Edict. 

Ount  DODBT  OF  POSSM. — OuArtak  of  Politk  Inaurrtclion  in  Pottn — 
MorribU  otroeitiM  committed  by  the  iiuurgentt — Defeat  and  turrender 
of  MierotUMM  Termination  of  the  Btbellion—Betolution  of  Ae 
Frankfort  AttemUy  at  to  the  partition  Una  dravn  m  Poien--German 
vimo  of  the  Politk  Qutttion. 

ON  thsflthof  Uuvhth«ffitdi)g    which  were   related  in  onr  pre* 
of  the  PraanaB  United  Diet,    ceding  Tolnme,  me  closed  bj  the 
th*  enttten  and  oenstitation  of    King  in  penen,  and,  in  hit  speech 


376]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [P«"i« 

on  the  occuion  he  tfaos  allodod  to  and  of  forc«,  the^  will  have  doM 
the  loiTonng  upect  of  the  poUtical  much  towards  the  preeerratlon  of 
horizon.  peace.  But  if  God,  in  his  inacru- 
"  Providence  has  caused  erents  table  wisdom,  should  decide  others 
to  arise  which  threaten  the  dis-  wise — if  the  treaties  on  which  the 
arrangement  of  the  basis  of  soda!  political  edifice  repose  were  violated 
order.  Oerman  and  Prussian  — if  an  enemT  dared  to  attack  my 
hearts,  and  men  animated  with  sen-  territory,  or  that  of  our  allies  of  the 
timents  of  honour  and  of  loyalty,  Germanic  Confederation  —  then, 
know  what  duties  are  imposed  upon  following  the  dictates  of  honour 
them  by  the  present  circamstances.  and  of  duty,  I  would  prefer  the 
No  people  on  earth  have  given  a  dangers  of  war  to  a  shameful  peace. 
more  striking  example  of  their  In  such  case  I  would  call  my  war- 
virtoes  than  ours.  But  at  present  like  people  to  arms.  They  would 
we  must  not  relax  in  our  efforts,  rally  round  me  as  thej  did  thir^> 
for  we  do  not  wish  to  be  less  faith-  five  years  since  roand  the  flag  of 
fal,  less  courageoos,  or  less  perse-  my  lather,  of  glorious  memory, 
vering  than  were  our  &tbers  or  who  was  likewise  the  &ther  of  his 
ounelves  when  we  were  young  people.  Uy  coofidenoe  in  the 
men.  Espress,  gentlemen,  in  your  heroism  of  the  years  1813,  1814, 
domestic  circles  that  which  every  and  161&  will  not  fail  me.  As 
intelligent  mind  will  coraprefaend,  eoon  as  the  measures  which  I  am 
and  that  which  is  felt  by  every  obliged  to  take  for  the  honour  and 
noble  heart.  Tell  this  iucontest-  the  safety  of  Germany  shall  re- 
able  troth  to  every  body.  Leave  quire  the  Bssistaoce  of  my  faithful 
aside  all  party  quarrels,  and  think  states,  and  if,  at  a  later  period,  a 
only  of  that  which  is  necessary  if  general  cry  of  '  to  arms '  should 
we  wish  to  escape  with  hononr  and  resound,  I  would  again  assemble 
success  Jrom  the  storm  which  can-  the  United  Diet  that  they  might 
not  be  ooiyuFed,  with  the  grace  of  assist  me  by  their  counsels." 
Ood,  otherwise  than  by  our  union.  The  revolutionair  wave  soon 
our  attitude,  and  our  example,  reached  Beiiin,  and  the  news  of 
Stand  round  your  King,  who  is  the  popular  movement  that  was 
your  best  friend,  like  a  wall  of  going  on  in  the  Bhenish  pro- 
brass,  with  perfect  confidence.  Far  vinoes  and  smaller  states  of  Ger> 
from  having  any  idea  of  interfering  many  stimulated  the  inhabitants 
in  theinlemalaffiursofsnyforeign  of  the  capital  to  demand  fresh 
nation,  I  am  doit^  all  in  my  power  concessions  from  their  bir-spoken, 
to  secure,  by  the  asaistanee  and  but  vacillating,  monarch.  On  the 
the  energetic  voice  of  the  great  13thof  March  a  great  meeting  was 
Powers,  but  particularly  by  the  held  at  Berlin  in  the  open  air,  to 
consolidation  of  the  Germanic  Con-  petition  for  refbrm,  when  a  tnmolt 
federation,  an  honourable  peaoe,  aroee.andacollision  took  plaoe  be- 
which  is  necessary  to  the  nations  tween  the  military  and  the  popn- 
of  Europe  if  we  can  prevent  the  lace.  During  the  ensuing  week 
career  of  moral  and  material  pro-  Berlin  was  the  theatre  of  much 
gresB  into  which  they  have  so  well  disorder,  and  it  was  obvioiu  that 
entered  from  being  destroyed  for  the  people  would  no  longer  be  paci- 
centuries.  If  my  people  give  the  fied .  by  ambigoous  .promises,  of 
Gemutn  rtwe  the  example  of  lof  e  whi^  they  had  hitMrta  seen  a 


Pfmri^.]  HISTORY.  [377 

vei7  soaot^  fiilfilment.  KingFre-  Oermaa  fedenl  annj  be  assem- 
dfirick  ma  not  bIoit  in  resding  the  bled  under  one  singla  federal  ban- 
sign*  of  the  times,  and  on  the  18th  ner,  and  we  hope  to  see  a  federal 
of  Match  a  royal  proclamation  waa  commander-in-chief  at  its  bead, 
iasued,  whereby  it  plainly  appeared  We  demand  a  German  federal  flag ; 
that  that  monarch  wished,  if  pos-  and  we  expect  that  at  a  period  not 
sible,  to  outstrip  the  march  of  revo-  fur  remote  sGennan fleet  will  caase 
lution  and  place  himself  at  its  head,  the  German  name  to  be  respected, 
He  demanded  the  transformation  both  on  neighbouring  and  far  dia- 
of  Germany  "  from  a  confedera-  tant  aeas.  We  demand  a  German 
tion  of  States  into  a  federal  state"  federal  tribunal  for  the  settlement 
as  loudly  and  eagerly  as  the  most  of  all  political  difierences  between 
noiay  a!  the  demagi^ea,  and  spoke  princes  and  their  states,  aa  well  as 
of  the  violent  scenes  at  Vienna  as  those  arising  between  the  different 
events  which,  "  on  the  one  hand,  German*  Governments.  We  ds- 
esaentaally  facilitated  the  execution  maud  a  common  law  of  settlement 
of  his  prqjecta,  and,  on  the  other,  for  all  Germany,  and  an  entire 
rendered  their  prompt  execution  right  for  all  Germans  to  chang« 
indispensable."  The  following  are  their  abode  in  every  part  of  our 
the  most  important  passages  in  German  Father-land, 
this  dgnificaot  document,  which  "  We  demand  that  in  ftitore  no 
appeared  in  the  form  of  an  ordi-  barriers  of  custom-houses  shall  im- 
nance,  convoking  a  meeting  of  the  pede  traffic  upon  German  soil,  and 
United  Diet: —  cripple  the  industry  of  its  inhahit- 
"  Above  all,  we  demand  that  ante.  We  demand,  therefore,  a 
Germany  be  transformed  from  a  general  German  union  of  customs 
confederation  of  states  into  one  (Zollverein),  in  which  the  same 
federal  state.  We  acknowledge  weights  and  measures,  the  same 
that  this  plan  presupposes  a  reor-  ctnuage,  and  the  same  German 
ganizadon  of  the  federal  constitu-  laws  of  commerce,  will  soon  draw 
tion,  which  cannot  be  carried  into  closer  and  closer  the  bond  of  mate- 
execution  except  by  a  union  of  rial  union.  We  propose  the  libertj 
prioces  with  the  people,  and  that  of  the  press  throughout  Germany, 
consequently  a  temporary  federal  with  the  same  general  guarantees 
representation  must  be  formed  out  against  its  abuse, 
of  the  Chambers  of  all  German  "  In  order  that  the  accomplish- 
States,  and  convoked  immediately,  ment  of  our  intentions  maj  experi- 
We  admit  that  such  a  federal  re-  ence  the  least  possible  delay,  and  in 
presentation  imperativetj  demands  order  tliat  we  may  develope  the 
constitutional  institutions  in  all  propositions  which  we  consider  to 
German  states,  in  order  that  the  be  necessary  for  the  interior  con- 
membera  of  that  represontatioti  stitution  of  our  States,  we  have  re- 
may  sit  beside  each  other  on  terms  solved  to  hasten  the  convocation 
of  equally.  We  demand  a  general  of  the  United  Diet,  and  we  charge 
military  system  of  defence  for  Ger-  the  Minister  of  State  to  fix  HuX 
many,  and  we  will  endeavour  to  convocation  for  the  Snd  of  April." 
form  it  after  that  model  under  To  this  proclamation  was  an- 
whioh  our  Prussian  armies  reaped  nexed  a  decree  providing  for  the 
BDch  unfading  laurels  in  the  war  liberty  of  the  press.  It  stated  that 
of  liberty.    We  demand  that  the  the  censorship  ma  abolished,  and 


378]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [?"«** 

■11  laira  relating  tlierato  were  abn-  demandB,  and  aaffmenting  in  num- 

gftted.  Offences  of  the  press  sfi&inBt  bers  as  the  well-uepoaed  withdrew. 

ibo    Government   or   individuals  "Aa  their  impetnoos  intmBion 

were  to  be  tried  b;  the  ordioaij  extended  to  the  very  portals  of  the 

tribunals.  Palace  with  apprehended  eintster 

Bat  an  nnfortunatfi  eontnttpift  viewH,  and  insnlts  were  offered  to 

at  liiiajanoture  occurred,  which  led  mf  Taliant  and  £uthM  soldiers, 

to  serioas  and  fatal  conseqnences.  the  conrtyard  waa  cleared  bj  the 

The  populace  had  assembled  in  a  cavalry,  at  waUmg  paca  oHdieUh 

dense  crowd  in  the  square  before  tiuir  weapon*  ihtathtd;  and  two 

the  Palace,  to  express  dieir  joy  at  guns  of  the  infentry  went  off  of 

the  conceesioDS  of  the  King,  who  uiemselves,  without,  thanka  be  to 

appeared  at  the  balcony,  and  waa  Ood !  oaosing  any  iignry.     A  band 

received  with  loud  aoclamationB,  of  wicked  men,  chiefly  ccnsiatjng 

when  a  troop  of  diBgoona  came  ap,  of  foreigners,  who,  althotigb  searoh- 

and  asBumed  a  poeition  close  to  the  ed  for,  have  suooeeded  in  conceal' 

people.     Some  jeers   and  insults  ing  themselves  for  more  than  a 

were  uttered    by    the   mob,    and  week,  have  converted  this  (nrcum- 

the  colonel  in   command,  losing  stance  into  a  palpable  untruth,  and 

his  temper,    ordered  the   troops  have  filled  the  eidtad  minds  of 

to  advance.    This  they  did  with  my  &ithful  and  beloved  Berlinars 

sheathed  swords,  but  were  repulsed  with  thongbta   of  vei^eanca    for 

by  the    mob.     Tbey   then    drew  supposed  bloodshed ;  and  thus  have 

their  satxes,  and  a  sanguinary  oon-  they  become  (he  fearful  authors  of 

flict  immediately  commenced.  The  bloodahed  themselves.   My  troops, 

Btm^Ie  was  long  and   doubtful,  your  brothers  and  fellow  conntzy- 

and  lasted,  at  intervals,  through  men,  did  not  make  use  of  their 

the  night.    A  melancholy  loss  of  weapons  till  forced  to  do  ao  by 

life  on  both  sides  was  the  conae-  several  shots  fired  at  them  from 

quence,  and  nearly  aizty  persona,  the  Konigs  Strasse,    The  victo- 

including  soldiers,  are  said  to  have  nous  advance  of  the  troops  waa  the 

been  killed,  besides  a  great  many  neceseaiy  consequence, 

who  were    dangeroosly  wounded.  "  It  is  now  yours,  inhahitanta  of 

During  the  night  the  King  wrot«  my  beloved  native  dty,  to  avert  a 

an  address  to  his  people  headed,  fearful  evil.      Acknowledge  yonr 

"To      my     beloved     BerHners,"  fatal  error ;  your  King,  your  truat- 

which  (^peared  early  on  the  &A-  ing  friend,  enjoins  yon,  by  all  that 

lowing  morning,  and  in  which  he  is  moat  aocred,    to  acktwwledge 

Bud: —  yoor  fatal  error.    Betnm  to  peace; 

"By  my  patent  of  convoostioa  remove  the  bairicades  which  ore 

this  day.  you  have  received  the  still   standing;    and  send   to   me 

pledge  of  the  faithful  santimenta  men  filled  with  the  genuine  an- 

of  your  King  towards  you  and  to-  dent  B|nrit  of    Berlin,    speaking 

wards  the  whole  of  the  German  words  which  are  seemly  to  your 

nation.     The  shout  of  joy  which  King ;  and  I  pledge  you  my  royal 

greeted    me     from    unnnmbered  truth    that    all    ua    streetB  and 

Siithful  hearts  still  resounded  in  squares  shall  be  instantaneously 

my  ears,  when  a  crowd  of  peace-  cleared  of  the  troops,  and  the  mili- 

breakers  mingled  with  the  loyal  tary  garrisons  stall  be  oonfined 

thiong,  makiiig  saditioits  and  bold  solely  to  the  moat  important  baild- 


Prmia.]  H  I.S  T  0  R  Y.  [379 

ings — to  the  Castle,  the  Anwnal,  "  4.  The  Schvtatngilde  are  aum- 
aod  t,  few  otben — and  even  here  moned  mitanttr,  exA  a  given  num- 
mAj  for  a  brief  space  of  lime,  ber  of  burghers  are  to  bo  aimed 
Listen  to  the  paternal  voice  of    forthwith." 

jonr  King,  ye  inhabitaats  of  my  On  the  following  daj  a  nu- 
bue  and  beautiful  Berlin ;  and  for-    merouB  meeting  of  the  students, 

git  the  past,  as  I  shall  forget  it,  most  of  whom  were  armed,  took 
r  the  sake  of  that  great  future  place  in  the  Aula  of  the  UniTeraitj, 
lAdoh,  under  the  peace-giving  bleea-  where  they  were  received  by  the 
ing  (A  Ood,  is  downing  upon  Pms-  Minister,  Count  Sdiwerin,  and 
da,  and  through  Prussia  upon  all  addressed  by  him  in  the  following 
Oermaay.  language  of  folaome  flattery:— 

"Your loving  Queen,  and  truly 
yonr  gcmnne  mother  and  friend,  '  <*<mtUmm,— 

who  ia  lying  on  a  sick  bed,  joins  "  Hia  M^eaty  the  King  thinks 
her  heartfelt  and  tearful  supplica-  it  his  duty  to  inform  yoo,  who 
tions  to  mine.  have  so  brilliantly  ahone  in  these 

"  Written  during  die  night  of    days  of  glory,  of  the  line  of  pro- 

>v   the  18th  and  19th  March,  1848.       gresa  which  he  proposes  to  follow. 

•■Frkdksioz  WtixiAic."        It  is  His  M^esty's  intention  to 

take  the   lead   of   conatitatianal 

This  was  fbllowed  by  the  reaig-  Germany.  He  will  have  libe^ 
nation  of  the  Ministry,  who  were  and  a  constitution — he  will  on- 
replaoed  by  another,  which  con-  ginale  and  form  a  German  Par- 
tamed  ^e&llowingpopularnames:  li&ment — and  he  will  head  the 
— Connt  Amim,  President,  with  progress  of  the  nation.  The 
the  added  department,  pro  tmnpore.  King  relies  on  the  protection  of 
of  Foreign  Afiairs ;  Count  Sdiwe-  the  people.  Is  not  this  your 
rin,  £cclestastioal  Ai&irs;  and  opinion?  ('Yes!  yesl'  reptattd 
Anerswaid,  Interior.  The  Minis-  6y  a  ihouiand  voieu.)  The  King, 
ter  of  Jnstice,  Von  Uhden ;  and  the  wearing  the  Qennan  colours,  wUl 
Ministers  Oounta  3tolbei^  and  appear  in  the  streets  of  this  town. 
Von  Bohr  were  to  retain  their  He  wishes  the  studenta  to  sur- 
posts  till  arrangements  oonld  be  round  him  in  a  body.  Qentle- 
made  for  replacing  them.  M.  men,  may  God  bless  the  Oerman 
Kilhne,  Director  of  Taxes,  was  to  King  I  Gentlemen,  we  are  His 
be  Minitter  of  Finance  ad  vaerim,    Mfyesty's   responsible   Ministers, 

Before  the  close  of  the  day  a    but  it  is  the  King  who  animates 
royal  proclamation  qipeored,  au-    us.     His  thought  is  progress! — 
thorizing  the  formation  of  a  No-    his  thought  is  Uber^  1    God  bless 
tional  Guard.    The  ordinance  pro-    the  responsible  Ministers  I " 
iided —  The  next  step  was  the  liberation 

"  1.  That  a  Burgher  Guard  be  from  prison  of  the  Poles  who  were 
m^anized.  inoarceiuted  there  for  political  of- 

"  3.  That  the  bonfaers  and  re-  fences.  The  King  had  consented 
sident  foreigners  woo  have  re-  to  an  amnesty,  and  the  doors  of 
ceivsd  letters  of  naturalization  take  the  state  prison  were  thrown  opeiL 
part  in  the  same.  Mieroslawski   was   the   most  dis- 

"3.  That  the  expenses  of  the  tinguisbed  captive,  and  he  was 
-equipment  be  defrayed  by  the  oity.      placed  in  a  oairiage,  from  which 


880]             ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  lPni»tia. 

the  people  soon  removed  the  in  their  hands  and  led  the  nation, 
horses,  and  he  vaa  drawn  in  tri-  I  believe  that  the  hearts  of  the 
nmph  to  the  Palace,  and  thence  princes  yearn  towards  me,  and 
to  the  Univerai^.  Mieroslawski  that  the  will  of  the  nation  sup- 
Stood  up  in  the  carriage,  holdine  ports  me.  Hark  me,  gentlemen, 
in  his  band  a  red,  black,  and  gold  I  ask  it  of  jou— take  it  down  in 
banner,  and  acknowledged  the  en-  writing,  that  I  will  not  nsurp  axj- 
thusiastic  applaose  of  the  people,  thing  I — diat  I  claim  nothing  ez- 
who  accompanied  the  carriage  in  cept  German  liberty  and  unity, 
countless  masses,  by  waving  his  Tell  it  to  the  students  of  other 
flag.  Afi  tiie  procession  entered  aniTersities.  I  am  heartily  sorry 
the  SchloBaplatz,  the  King  ap-  that  they  are  not  all  here  in  one 
peared  upon  the  balcony.  body  I " 

In  the  course  of  the  rooming  of  A  royal  ordinance  also  iq)peared, 

the  Slst  the  King  sftpeared  in  the  addressed  "  To  tbb  Obbiiah  Na- 

Btreete    on    horseback,   with    the  tion,"  which   seemed  plainly  in- 

Qerman  colours  round  his  arm.  tended  to  point  out  who  was  die 

He  was  greeted  with  tumnltuous  fittest  person,  imder  tiie  new  order 

applause;    and  when  be  reached  of  things,  to  occupy  the  post  of 

the  University,  where  the  students  EifPEBoB  of  Gbsmahi.     It  was 

were  drawn  np  with  their  rectors,  as  follows  :— 

Miiller  and  Hecker,  at  their  heed,  "  A  new  and  gloriona  history 

he  stopped  near  the  monnment  of  b^ins  for  you  wiUt  this  day.    In 

Frederick  II.,  and,  carried  away  future  you  will  ^ain  be  a  united 

fayuncontrollable  excitement,  said,  and  great  nation;    strong,    free, 

"  I  am  truly  proud  that  it  is  my  and     m^ty    in     the     heart     of 

capital     where    so    powerful    an  Europe.     Frederick  William  IV., 

opinion    has    manifested     itself,  of  Prussia,  relying  on  yotir  heroio 

This    day   is   a   great  day.     It  assistance  and  politdcal  regenero- 

ought  never  to  be  forgotten.     It  is  tion,  has,  for  the  salvation  of  Ger- 

decisive.      Gentlemen,  you  carry  many,  taken  the  lead  of  our  com- 

a  grand  iuture  within  you,  and  mon  &therland.     This  very  day 

when,  in  after-years,  yon  look  back  you  will  see  him  among  you  on 

upon  your  life,  you  will,  I  am  enre,  horseback,    wearing    the   ancient 

think  of  this  day.    The  colours  I  and  respected  colours  of  the  Ger- 

wear  are  not  my  own ;    I  do  not  man  nation.     May  the  blessingB 

mean    to    nsnrp   anything   with  of  Heaven  descend  on  oar  consti.- 

them ;    I  want    neither    another  tntdonsl  Prince,  the  leader  of  the 

crown  nor  another  dominion.     I  German  people,  the  new  King  of 

want  liberty;  I  will  have  nnity  in  the  free,  regenerated  German  n&- 

Oermany;  I  want  good  order;  I  tion!" 

swear  it  before  God.     (Here  the  In    another   proclamation    the 

King    raised    bis  right  hand  to  Kingsaid; — 

Heaven.)     I   have  done  nothing  "From  this  day  forth  the  nuns 

but  what  has  often  haj^ned  in  Prusna  is  fused  and  dissolved  into 

the  history  of  Germany.    It  has  that  of  Germany, 

often  been  the  case  that,  when  "  The  Diet,  which  has  already 

disorder  prevailed,  mighty  princes  been    convoked    for    the    3nd  of 

and   dukes  have    come    forward;  April,    in    conjunction    with    my 

that  they  have  taken  the  banner  people,    presents    the  ready  me- 


Pnwio.]  HISTORY.  [381 

dium   and   legal  oi^nii   for   the  —1,  for  the  Becuring  of  personal 

deliverance    and    pacification    of  freedom;  2,  for  securing  the  right 

Oermanjr.  of  aasociation  and  free  asaemblf ; 

"  It  18  my  resolve  to  afibrd  Em  8,  for  the  organization  of  a  gene- 
Opportunity  te  the  Princes  and  ral  National  Guard,  irith  free 
States  of  German/  for  a  general  election  of  the  ofl^rs;  4,  for 
meeting  with  the  orgaDS  of  this  establishing  the  responsibility  of 
Diet  on  a  plan  which  will  be  pro-  Ministers;  5,  for  the  introduction 
posed  without  delay.  of  the  sy8t«m  of  trial  by  Jury  in 

"The   Diet  of  the  Germanic  penal   cases,    especially   political 

States,  which  will  be  thus  provi'  offences  and  violMions  of  die  lawa 

nonally  constituted,    must  enter  of  the  press;  6,  for  securing  tiie 

boldly  and  without  delay  upon  the  independence  of  the  judici^  tri- 

requisite  preliminary  measures  for  bunals ;    7.  for  the  repeal  of  the 

avertir^  dangers  both  at  home  and  special  judicial   system,  the   eys- 

ahroad.  tern    of    patrimonial   jurisdiction, 

"  The  measnres  at  this  moment  and  the  '*  domtnial  "  police  force, 
urgently  called  for  are —  After  the  events  of  the  18th  of 

"1.    The  institution  of  a  ge>  March,   five  different  odminstra- 

neral  popular  Federal  army.  tions  followed  each  other  in  quick 

"3.    A    declaration    of    armed  succession,    which    may    be    thus 

neutrality.  summarily    mentioned  :  —  Count 

"  This  national  armament  and  Amim  first  occupied  the  helm ; 
this  declaration  will  inspire  Eu-  but  scarcely  teu  days  elapsed  be- 
rope  with  respect  for  Uie  sacred-  fore  he  resigned  the  post  of  First 
nesa  and  inviolabilitr  of  the  ter-  Minister,  on  finding  that  he  could 
ritory  which  boasts  the  German  notco-operatewith,  or  sanction,  the 
longuf^e  and  the  German  name,  proceedings  of,  the  Vor-Parlanunt 
Unity  and  strength  alone  will  at  Frankfort.  He  did  not,  how- 
be  able  in  these  days  to  main-  ever,  retire  all<^ether,  and  a  new 
tain  trade  and  commeioe  iu  our  Ministry  was  formed,  known  by 
beautiful  and  flourishing  &ther-  the  name  of  the  Amim-Campt 
land."  hausen  administration,  which  con- 
About  the  same  time  a  depu'  tinued  in  power  until  the  dis- 
tationof  Poles  arrived  at  Berlin,  turbonces  at  Berlin,  on  the  16th 
from  Breslan,  in  order  to  obtain  and  I7th  of  June;  «fter  which  the 
for  the  Silesiao  dominions  of  the  Assembly  refused  to  vote  the  re- 
PrussiBn  Grown  tiie  concession  of  a  qoiaite  measures  for  the  mainte- 
more  liberal  policy  than  had  hither-  nance  of  public  order.  Next  fol- 
io prevailed  there.  The  King,  in  lowed  the  Ministry  of  Von  Aners- 
leply,  stated  that  he  could  not  wald,  which  was  broken  up  on  the 
act  without  the  concurrence  of  the  9th  of  September,  in  consequence 
United  Diet,  whichhe  intended  very  of  the  dissatisfaction  that  was  felt 
soon  to  convoke ;  but  that  he  would  at  the  Malmo  Armistice  between 
aabmit  the  proposed  new  electoral  Denmark  and  the  German  Powers, 
law  to  that  body,  and,  if  they  ap-  and  a  defeat  in  the  Prussian  As- 

!>roved  of  it,  propositions  on  the  sembly.     The  next  Ministry  that 

allowing   points  would  he   eub-  appeared  on  the  sti^  was  that  of 

mitt«d  to  the  new  representative  wlu4^  Von  Ffuel  was  the  head; 

assembly  then  to  be- formed,  viz.;  but  this  conciliated  no  sapport. 


382]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.  [Pntma. 

and  it  perished  on  the  dSrcl  of  opened   conise.     The   nmon   of 

October.     A  political  interregnum  Germsny  has  long  been  the  ol^t 

theneneued,  which  lasted  until  the  to  which  the  wishes  of  all  were 

9th  of  November,  when,  in  conss'  oft«n  hopelessly  directed ;  we  are 

quence  of  the  outiageous  proceed-  □owadTsnoing  towards  it  with  rapid 

ings  of  the  Assembly,  which  had  steps,  and  Kia  Majesty  the  King 

Toted  the  total  abolition   of  the  puts  his  hand  to  a  work  in  which 

order  of  nobility,  a  new  Ministry  fifteen  millions  will  cheerfijlly  aid 

was  gazetted  under  the  auspices  of  him.      The  establishment  of  the 

Count  Von  Bnindenburg,  a  man  of  political  rights  of  the  citizens  in 

viflorone  and  decided  character,  who  the  state  was,  in  Prussia,  the  more 

held  the  reins  of  power  throughout  strongly  needed,  because  the  people 

the  rest  of  this  eventful  year.  had  attained  to  a  degree  of  civiliBa- 

Such  is  an  outline  of  the  shifts  tion  and  edncation  that  placed  it  at 

ing  scene  of  Fmssiaa  politics,  and  least  on  an  equality  with  nations 

we  now  proceed  to  fill  it  up  some-  living  under  free  and  constitutionBl 

what  more  in  detail.  forme  of  government.  His  Majesty 

For  the  purpose  of  determining  has  promised  a  real  oonstitutionu 

the  new  electoral  law,  under  which  charter,  and  we  are  assembled  to 

was  to  be  convoked  a  National  As-  lay  the  foundation-stone  of  the  en- 

sembly,  the  United  Diet  of  Prussia  during  edifice.     We  hope  that  the 

and  her  provinces  was  opened  on  work  will  proceed  rapidly,  and  that 

tbeSndof  April  in  the  lt'«i«««rSiiaI  it  will  perfect  a  great  conatitu- 

of  the  Palace ;    but  not   by  the  tionat  system  for  the  whole  of  (he 

King  in  peiBon.     Prince  Solms.  Oennan  race. 

Lich-Solms  had  been  named  Mar-  "  The    Government    reoognisee 

flhal  of  the  Diet,  and  Von  Camp-  as  its  mission  the  reinvigorodng 

hausen,     the    President    of    the  the   power  of   the   State,  closing 

Hinistry,  the    Government  Com-  again  the  broken  bonds  of  lawful 

missioner.     The  latter  read  the  i^er,  the  reviving  of  confidence 

Boyal  Speech,  which  contained  the  Badcredit,and  the  giving  an  upward 

following  passages: —  impulse  to  trade  and  labour.    It 
wiU  endeavour  to  maintain  peace 

"NobU,,    Cttizen$,and    Com-  from  without  as  loi^  as  the  honour 

moiM^  of  the  Diet  oj  Frui-  (,f  Germany  will  permit  it,  and,  lo 

■*"'  the  honour  of  Germany  also,  to 

"  His  Majesty  the    King   has  restore  peace  within  it 

commanded  me,  in  his  name,  to  "  Having  commenced  a  free  dis- 

open  the  second   session  of    the  cuseion  of  its  most  important  af- 

United  Diet.     Great  events  have  £airs  in  the  press  and  in  public 

shaken  a  part  of  Europe,  and  our  meetings,    the     Prussian    nation 

own  Dountiy  has  not  escaped  the  must  not  be  blind  to  the  fact,  that 

effects     of    the     movement.      It  it  is  only  in  the  oonfiict  of  opinion 

threatens  us  with  still  increasing  that  truth  is  elicited,  and  that  to 

dangers,   while  it  opens  to  ns  a  the  fullest   expression    of   truth 

great  future.      Bnt  Prussia  and  freedom   of  expression  of   ereij 

Germany  will  pass  safely  throngh  opinion  must  be  granted  folly  and 

the  period  of  transition,  if,  with  onobstructed.     Althot^h  the  pre- 

calm  courage  and  well-regulated  sent  Diet  only  in   a  very  small 

Btiengtb,  we  enter  on  the  newly  degree  represents  tiie  future  Nar 


.]  HISTORY.  [383 

tumal  Assembly,  the  OoTemment,  possession  of  bis  civil  ngbts,  and 

nevertheless,  places  great  weight  never    haviug    received    support 

apon  its  advice,  and,  in  this  spirit,  trom  any  pubuo  rate,  is  eligible  to 

I  hand  over  to  ]vur  coosideration  be  chosen  as  a  deputf . 
the  Ro;al  propoeitioDS."  "  6.  For  each  district  having  a 

The  ddiveiy  of  this  speech  was  provincial  council,  as  well  as  for 

received  in  nlenoe;   and,  imme'  every  town  belonging  to  a  pro- 

diateljr  afterwards,  several  deoreea  vincial  circle,  one  deputy  shall  be 

and  projects  of  law  were  read.  returned.    If  the  population  of  the 

The     following    was    the    pro-  district  or  town  riches  60,000, 

granime    irf    the    future    Law  of  two ;  and,  for  every  40,000  more. 

Election: —  one  deputy  in  adution;   so  that, 

"1.  Eveiybwuebolderwho  has  for  100,000  of  population,  three, 

oompletcdthetwen^-foorthyearof  and,    for   140,000,   four   d^aties 

his  ^e,  and  who  has  not  forfeiled  shall  be  elected. 
any  cuf  his  dvil  rigfate,  will  have  a        "  7.  The  number  of  the  popn- 

▼ote  in  the  commune  in  which  he  lation  (o  be  reckoned  on  the  cenans 

has  resided  for  one  year,  provided  of  1846. 

he  has  not  been  supported  by  any        "  6.  In  the  towns  the  choice  of 

poor  or  fHiblic  rate,  or  served  in  electora  shall  be  conducted  nnder 

any  menial  capacity  without  pea-  t^  sapaiintendence  of  the  magis- 

aeasii^  a  house  of  his  own.  trates ;    and,  where  there  is  no 

"  2.  The  Toters  of  each  com-  bench  of  magistrates,  under  the 

mnne  will  elect  for  every  600  of  municipal  authorities. 
their  number  one  elector;   if  the        "  The  manner  of  conducting  the 

population  is  lass  than  600  but  election  will  be  fixed  by  a  future 

more  than  800,  it  will  still  retain  Ministerial  order, 
the  right  of  choosii^  an  elector.         "The  election   of  deputies   in 

If  it  is  under  SCO,  uie  commune  the  rural  districts  will  be  superin- 

will  be  joined  by  the  provincial  tended  by  the  provincial  council; 

cooDcil  to  other  oommunea  in  the  and,  in  the  towns  not  belonging  to 

same  district.  such  a  district,  by  the  magiatiates 

"  In  connunes  of  a  population  and  the  municipal  authoritiea. 
of  more  than  &00  the  votes  will  be        "9.  The  election  of  deputies  is  to 

taken  by  distriols,  in  such  a  man-  be  decided  by  the  absolute  majority 

nor  that  no  more  than  five  electors  of  votes  written  by  the  voters  them- 

•re  to  be  returned  for  any  one  of  selves.    Where  more  than  three 

them.  deputies  are  to  be  ohoeen,  the  elec- 

"  Properties  that  do  not  belong  lion  is  to  be  according  to  districts, 

to  a  oommime  will  be  united,  for  which  will  be  divided  by  the  proper 

tlss  purposes  of  the  elecdon,  to  an  authorities  for  the  purpose, 
a^acent  town  or  rural  commune.  "  10.    The     deputies,      when 

"  8.    An  elector  can   only  be  elected,  will  vote  in  the  Assembly 

chosen  in  the  district  in  which  he  according  to  their  own  independent 

is  qualified  himself  to  vote.  opinions,  and  are  not  bound  to  any 

"  4.  The  election  is  to  be  do-  specific  projects  or  instructions, 
coded  by  the  absolute  m^ori^  of       "  11.  The  proof  of  the  legaUty 

votes.  of  the  several  elections  will  be  leu 

"A.  Every  householder  bavii^i;  to  the  Assembly  itself." 
«oiDpla(«d  hu  ittirtiMh  year,  in  full        An   addiess   was   immediately 


384]         ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [Pruuia. 

voted  by  the  Diet  to  the  King  in  in  so  doing,  not  only  by  our  own 

which  thej  reminded  His  MeyeBty  conititution&l  functiotu,  but  by  the 

thst  he  had  in  TariouH  recent  pro-  will  of  the  people. 

clsmatioDs  and  manifestoes  assured  "  The  nation  will  not,  becanse 

the  deputies  that  projects  of  law  it  has  raised  itself  to  freedom, 

would  be  laid  before  them  relating  abruptly  Bever  its  present  history 

to  the  following  subjects : —  from  its  past ;  it  honours  the  mon- 

"  Freedom  of  the  press  ;  archy  under   which    Prussia   has 

"  Security  of  personal  liberty ;  become  great,  and  sees,  in  the  con- 

"  Full  right  of  meeting  and  as-  stituljotuit  form  of  that  system  the 

sociation  ;  surest  protection  of  liberty,  of  pub- 

"Independence  of  the  judges;  lie  welbre,  and  the  uui^  of  the 

"  Abolition  of  hereditary  juris-  kingdom.     It  considers  it  neces- 

diotions  and  domain-police  ;  saiy  for  its  relations   with   other 

"  Publicity  of  ju^cial  proceed-  German  etat«s ;  it  recognises  that 

ings,  and  vivd  voce  examination  of  under  this  banner  alone  Germany 

witnesses,  with  trial  by  jury  in  can   become   united,    and   defend 

penal  cases,  and  especially  for  po-  itself  Tictorionsly  against  dangers 

litical  offences ;  threatening  ita  national  existence 

"  Equality  of  civil  and  political  and  the  noble  acquisitions  of  so- 

rights  to  all  religious  persuasions ;  ciely. 

■'  A    genenl    arming    of    the  "  Gennany,  firmly  resolved  \a 

citizens,  with  free  election  of  their  defend   its    nationuity  from   all 

officers ;  attacks  from  without,  wishes  to  do 

"A  thorough  and  popular  law  justice  to    all.      We,    therefore, 

of  election,  representing  all  inte-  gladly  approve  the  decree  of  your 

rests ;  Majesty,  recognisinff  the  oonstitn- 

"  A  decisive  operation  by  a  eim-  tion  of  the  Duchy  of  Posen. 

Ele  majority  of  the  popular  assem-  "  Your  Majesty,  in  a  moment 

ly  in  the  legislation  and  adminis-  pregnant  with  danger,  has  oome  to 

tration  of  the  State ;  a  fortunate  decision  ;   men  have 

"  Responsibility   of    the    Mi-  been  summoned  to  the  councils  of 

nisters ;  the  Crown  who  possess  the  con- 

"  The  army  to  be  awom  to  the  fidence  of  the  country.  .  .  . 

oonstitution."  "  Eveij     division     henceforth 

The  address  then  went  on  to  vanishes ;  the  people  and  the  army 

Btato : —  are  no  longer  two  bodies ;  heroic 

"  Tour  Majesty  has   also  goa-  hearts  beat  in  each  of  them,  and 

nnteed  the  active  co-operalion  of  the    sacred    love    of   their    com- 

Prussia    in    changing    the    Ger-  mon  country  will   combine  them 

man  Confederation  into  a  German  in   one   perfect   and  inseparable 

Union  with  a  real  national  assem-  whole." 

bly.  At  the  same  time  the  Ministij 

"  In  thankfiilly  receiving  these  addressed  a  docnmentto  the  King, 

•aaurances,    and   recognising  the  in   which    they    endeavonred   to 

fact,  that  from  the  present  time  a  counteract  the   idea  which    very 

constitutional   monarchy,  on    the  generally  prevailed  respecting  the 

broadest  basis,  is  to  be  the  form  intention  of  Prussia  to  put  her- 

of  government  in  Prussia,  we  are  self  at  the  head  of  the  German 

convinced  that  we  are  warranted  nation  and  challenge  for  the  J£ing 


Pruuia.]                     HISTORY.  [385 

tbe  title  of  £mpen>r  of  Oerman^.  First  Minister.    He  asaumed  it 

Tbej  said—  on  the  ISth  Uarcb,  whea  the  King 

"  Tour  Migesty's  appeal  to  PniB-  had  promised  a  oonatitution.     He 

flia  and  the  German  nation  has  in  had   entered    office,    then,   under 

aeveral  qaarters  received  an  inter'  this  oonstitational  guarantee.     He 

pretation  which  its  real  purport  had  not  returned  his  porttfeviUt 

does  not  justify.  because  be  was  divided  in  opiiiioD 

"  The  step  which  your  M^esty  from  his  colleagues,  nor  because 

took,  when  m  a  moment  of  perU  the  King  had  demanded  it;  but  a 

you  declared    your  readiness    to  perfectly    cordial    onderstanding 

take  tbe  lead  in  the  afEairs  of  Ger-  was  neoessaiy  in  the  Cabinet,  and 

many,  was  but  an  offer  to  lend  the  be  believed  he  could  promote  that 

moral  and  matenal  influence  of  a  degree  of  concord  by  retiring, 

kii^dom  containing  15,000,000  of  U.   Campbausen  declared  that 

Qermans  to  promote  the  acoom-  he  and  his  oolleaguee  fully  ^pre- 

pliahment  of  uiat  union  of  tbe  dif-  ciated  and  admired  tbe  courageous 

tiarent  States  which  is  so  generally  and  disinterested  conduct  of  Count 

desired.    The  labing  at  tbe  same  Aruim. 

time  of  tbe  colours  of  tbe  old  Ger-  At  the  same  time  was  published 

man   empire    expressed   the  un-  the  following  brief  outline  of  tbe 

equivocal  recognition  of  the  &otB,  leading  principles  of  the  new  Prus- 

that  the  union  of  all  the  German  sian  constitution : — 

States   is  indispensable   for    tbe  "  We  Frederick  William,  io. 

aafe^  of  all  the  races  of  tbe  Con-  "  1.  In  order  further  to  develope 

fedentioD ;  and  that  Prussia,  on  the  freedom  of  tbe  press,  which 

its  own  part,  was  prepared  to  re-  has  been  granted  to  our  people, 

cognise  in  the  fullest  B«nae  the  the  regulations  contained  m  tbe 

iaty  of  all  the  members  of  that  4th  paragraph  of  tbe  1st  section  of 

body  to  join  their  strength  to  avert  the  decree  of  the  17tb  of  March 

tbe  dangers  that  threaten  their  of  tbe  present  year,  with  respect  to 

common  country.  the  security  to  be  deposited  by  the 

"This  step,  then,  which  your  publishers  of  new  journals,  are  re- 

M^esty  bas  taken,  does  not  justify  pealed. 

tbe  interpretation  it  has  in  severtd  "  3.  The  trial  and  punishment 

directions  received — that   it   was  of  politica]   and   state  prisoners 

your  intention  to  anticipate   tbe  shaft  be  conducted  by  tbe  ordiiuury 

unbiassed  decision  of  the  Sovereign  tribunals,  and   every  exceptional 

Princes  and  tbe  people  of  Ger-  lawreladng  to  sochjprooeedingsiB 

many    by    tbe  proffer   of   under-  repealed.     In  tbe  district  belong- 

laking  a  tsmporaiydirectioo  of  tbe  ing  to  the  Court  of  Appellation  of 

present  ciicumstanoes  of  the  coun-  Cologne,  trial  by  jury  lor  political 

tiy."  offences  and  sedition  will  be  re- 

The  King  at  once  aooepted  this  stored, 
politic  explanation,  and  authorized  "  8.  For  tbe  eecuriU  of  tbe  in- 
his  Ministers  to  act  in  conformity  dependency  of  tbe  judges,  all  the 
with  the  principles  there  laid  former  laws  authorizing  their  dis- 
down.  missal,  deposition,  or  forced  retire- 
Count  Amim  briefly  stated  ment  are  repealed, 
why  he  bad  resigned  his  post  of  "  4.  All  Pmssian  sninects  will 
Vol..  XC.     .  [3  C] 


386]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.         IPrmAi. 

poBMBB  the  ri^t  of  aaaembling,  of  the  course  taken  by  fhB  Diet  in 
peacefully  and  unanned.  io  any  is-  electing  the  representatdrea,  oa  the 
closed  space,  without  the  previoua  ground  that  it  was  the  mode  spe- 
permission  of  the  police  anthori-  oi£ed  in  the  decree  of  the  Ger- 
ties ;  they  have  also  the  right  for  manic  Confsderation,  and  that  an 
all  legal  porposea  to  form  bo-  understanding  to  the  aame  e&ot 
cdetiea,  equally  irithout  the  pre-  had  been  come  to  with  the  other 
Tioua  permisBion  of  the  same  an-  Btatec  of  Gtennany,  because  there 
thorities.  did  not  appear  to  be  time  enough 

"  5.  The  exercise  of   all  ciril  for  a  direct  election.  This  position 

right!  is  heooeforth  independent  of  a&iis  was  at  the  present  mo- 

of  religions  belief.  ment  modified.     His  M^esty  ou 

"  6.  TJie  future  representatiree  the  previoua  evening  bad  received 

of  the  pec^le  will,  in  every  case,  a  message  from  the  Assembly  at 

possess  the  power  of  consenting  to  Frankfort,  which  M.  Camphaosen 

all  the  laws,  as  well  as  to  all  mat-  read  to  the  Diet,  and  then  said 

ters  relating  to  the  taxalioii  and  that  the  result  of  this  communi- 

revenue  of  the  country."  cation    from    the    Franldbrt    Ae- 

The  United  Diet,  thinking  that  eemblThad  been,  that  His  M^eatr 
it  possessed  the  prerogative  of  canceUed  the  elections  that  had 
electing  members  to  represent  taken  place.  The  States  of  Pmssia 
Prussia  in  the  Frankfort  Fariia-  would  comprehend  the  neoeasity  of 
ment  or  Assembly  convened  for  this  declaration ;  other  kingdoms 
the  Ist  of  May,  chose  certain  per-  of  Oermai^  having  accepted  the 
sons  to  fill  diat  capacity.  This  decision  of  the  Vor-ParlaiMHt,  a 
atep,  however,  gave  great  i^nce  to  ccmflict  might  be  oanaed  if  Pmssia 
the  Vor-Parlamtnt  lAat  was  sitting  should  r^use  it.  It  vras  neceasaiy 
there,  and  they  sent  a  message  to  that  Prussia  ahould  be  fully  repte- 
the  King  of  Prussia,  in  which  they  sented  at  Frankfort;  it  wished  to 
stated  that  by  a  decree  of  the  Tth  give  aid  and  aasiatanoe  to  all  that 
of  April  the  Confederation  had  re-  could  promote  the  union  of  Oer- 
tumed  to  its  fint  decision  in  favour  many  ;  hut  for  this  gi«at  end  it 
of  the  system  of  direct  election  for  must  act  with  eSiact.  The  Govem- 
the  Assembly.  One  depnty  should  ment  would  take  the  measures  it 
be  elected  for  even  00,000  iDhabi^  deemed  neoeasaiy,  trusting  the 
ants.  In  the  quuifications  of  the  Diet  would  support  it  in  its  im- 
electoTS  no  distinction  should  be  portant  task, 
made  between  classes  or  religions  The  Marshal  of  the  Diet  (the 
creeds.  Eveiy  German,  being  of  Prince  de  Bolms)  then  formally 
^e,  should  be  an  elector  in  hia  put  the  question  to  the  Diet, 
own  country,  and  be  eligible  as  a  whether  it  oonaentad  to  annul  its 
deputy  in  all  Germany.  In  con-  elections  ?  upon  which  the  vota 
sequence  of  this  intimation,  the  was  almost  unaiiimoosly  ia  the 
King  reaolved  to  cancel  the  eleo-  afBimative ;  and  the  previous  elec- 
tions which  had  been  made ;  and,  tions  of  deputieB  were  declared 
at  the  Bitting  of  the  Diet  on  the  null  and  void. 
lOtb  of  April,  the  question  cams  This  question,  however,  of  direct 
on  for  discussion,  when  H.  Oamp-  or  indirect  electioii,  caused  some 
haoaen  entered  into  a  justification  agitation  at  Berlin,   and  endan- 


Prmtia.]  HISTORY.  [387 

gered  at  oob  time  the  peaoe  (tf  the  tr;.  In  his  speech  from  Uie  throne, 

atj.  the  Emg  said : — 

The  only  busineas  of  importance  _  ,,,,... 

tnoaacted  in  the  United  Diet  wiia  ^1^  fl  ***  ^J^'t^'wd  M- 

the  pBflsing  of  the  eleotoral  law  "^^V  o/FnoMta,— 

which  paved  the  way  for  the  Con-        "  With  joyful   eamestnees    do 

■titoent   or    Nadooal    Asseniblj.  I  welcome  an  Assembly  proceed- 

Having  performed  this  task,  it  was  ing   from   a  general   election  of 

diasolvea  for  ever,  and  the  whole  the  people,  whose  mission  it  ia 

<tf  the  Pntssian  dominionB  were  with    me    to    unite    in    the    fbr- 

yhoged  into  the  excitement  of  a  madon   of  a  oonstitntion,  which 

general  eteotiofi,  under  a  system  is  to  mark  a  new  era  in  the  his- 

ot  Dniversal  suffrage  se  br  as  re-  toij  of  Prussia  and  of  Oennanj. 

garded  the  choice  of  tUeton,  with  I  am  sure  that  in  beginning  this 

whom  rested  the  selection  of  De-  wottyon  will  propose  to  yourselves 

puties  returned  as  representatives  a  twefcU  tau :  you  will  tiy  to 

to  the  Asaembly.    As  might  be  secure  to  the  people  a  Urge  share 

expected,  many  of  the  latter  were  in  the  govemment  of  the  State, 

mwenUtlydsfideDtinrespectabili^  and  more  closely  to  knit  those 

and  intelligenoe,  and   not  a  few  bonds  which  for  above  four  cen- 

ilUterate  peasants  were   retomed  turies  indissolubly  connected  my 

to  take  part  in  the  important  vmk  bouse  with  the   history  of   thu 

of  framing  a  new  oonstitntion  for  country,. 

Pmssia.  It  is  idle  to  imagine  that  "  The  draught  of  the  conatitn- 
the  sudden  grant  of  free  institutions  tion  will  be  laid  before  you  by  my 
can  secure  the  olgects  for  which  Ministiy.  At  the  same  time  «ith 
alone  they  are  of  any  value.  The  yon,  the  representatives  of  the 
British  constitution  is  the  slow  whole  Qerman  nation  have  met  at 
growth  of  centuries,  and  the  people  Frankfort.  I  would  gladly  have 
are  habituated  to  the  exercise  of  avraited  the  result  of  their  deli- 
political  rights,  so  that  even  in  berations,  before  I  convoked  the 
spite  of  many  anomalies  which  representatives  of  my  feithful  peo- 
may  be  difficult  to  defend  in  pie.  The  urgent  necessirr  of  re- 
theory,  the  reenlt  is  the  blessing  of  storing  pubUc  order  in  our  more 
well-ordered  freedom;  buttopUce  immediate  country  did  not  admit 
power  suddenly  and  iritbont  pre-  of  such  an  a4joumment  The 
paration  in  ibe  hands  of  the  ex-  tuiity  of  Qermany  is  my  oonstaat 
cited  masses  of  Oontinental  Europe  aim;  and  this  great  end  will,  lam 
was  a  most  rash  and  perilous  ex-  sure,  be  obtained  by  your  co-ope- 
periment.  ration . " 

On  the  iUhid  of  May  the  first        The  following  were  some  of  the 

session  of  the  National  Assembly  chief  articles  of  the  proposed  new 

of  Prassia  was  opened  by  the  King  constitation : — 
in  person.     The  olgect  of  oonvok-         The  rights  of  Prussian  citizens 

ing  it  together  rather  sooner  than  were  deebffed  to  be — equality  be- 

had  been  originally  intended,  was  fore  the  law;'  ^rsonal  liberty;  in- 

chiefly  that  ofsubmitting  to  its  con-  violability  of  citizens'  houses ;  the 

aideration  the  draught  of  the  new  right  of  propertjr,  which  cannot  be 

constitution  which  had  been  pre-  eonfiseated;  reugions  liber^;  all 

pared  by  the  Camphausen  Minis-  religions  free,  nDleea  they  infringsd 

[S  c  a] 


368]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [Pnusia. 

penal  laws,  or  violated  or  endan-  conseDt.    The;  vere  not  to  hold 

gered  public  secarity,   order,  or  an;  other  office. 

morality ;  liber^  of  the  press,  the  The  sittings  of  the  courts  of  law 

cen^rship    being   for   ever  abo-  to  be  public,  and  tlie  facts  of  crimes 

lished ;  right  of  meetiiig  peacefully  to  be  decided  hj  juries. 

and  unarmed ;  r^ht  of  association  Throughout  the  rest  of  the  year 

and  petition.  Berlin  nas  in  a  state  (J  either 

The  King's  person  was  to  be  in-  open  diaturbance  or  feveriah  and 

violable;   his   Ministers  alone  re-  anxious  agitation.    Inconsequence 

sponsible.      His    decrees,    to    be  of  a  vote  of  the  Assembly  tlmt  the 

valid,  must  bare  the  counteraig-  events  that  had  happened  in  March 

nature   of  at  least  one  Minister,  were  not  a  revolution,  but  merely 

The  King  to  have  the  whole  execu-  a  tramaetion  between  the  Grown 

five  power.  and    the    people,    the     populace 

The  Ministers  were  to  be  im-  rose  in  the  early  part  of  June,  and 

Ched  by  a  resolution   of  the  committed  some  riotous  excesses, 

er  House,  and  tried  by  the  These  were  not  met,  as  they  oaght 

Upper,    They  were  to  vote  in  that  to  have  been,  by  the  strong  ann  of 

house  in  which  they  were  mem-  military  power,    and   the  people 

bers,   but  they  might  appear  in  only  resented  the  threatening  pro- 

either  house.  damations  in  which  the  Mimsti; 

The  le^lative  power  to  belong  denounced  their  conduct.    At  last, 

jointly  to  the  King  and  the  two  on  the  16th  of  that  month,  a  tn- 

nouses.    They  must  agree  on  each  multnona  crowd  assembled    near 

law.  the  Assembly,  which  was  close  to 

The  Princes  of  the  Royal  Fa-  the  Arsenal,  and,  being  excited  by 
mily,  and  siz^  Peers  to  be  nomi-  some  noisy  demagogues,  mode  an 
Dated  by  the  King,  form  part  of  attack  upon  the  la^r  building, 
the  Upper  House.  This  dignity  which  was  occupied  by  the  Bnrf^er 
to  be  hereditary,  but  there  was  Guard  and  troops  of  the  line, 
attached  thereto  a  property  qua-  Very  little  resistance  was  made, 
lification  of  6000  dollars  per  an-  and  the  commander  of  the  regular 
num.  The  other  part  to  be  troops  actually  marched  away  his 
formed  by  IBO  membera  to  be  men  without  firing  a  shoL  The 
elected  by  the  people  at  large.  Burgher  Guard  £d  at  Srat  fire. 
These  must  have  passed  their  but  soon  gave  way,  and  the  Arse- 
40th  year,  and  be  subject  to  a  pro-  nal  was  taken  by  storm.  It  was 
pert;  qualification  of  3600  dollars  immediately  pillaged,  and  the  im- 
per  annum.  To  be  elected  for  mense  stores  of  arms  which  it  con- 
eight  years.  tained  tvere  seized  and  distribuled 

The   members    of    the    Lower  amongst  the  mob.    Next  day  many 

House  to  be  elected  for  four  years;  of  the  ringleaders  were  an«st«d; 

not  subject  to  any  property  quali-  a  vast  quantity  of  arms  was  re- 

ficataon,  but  they  must  be  above  claimed  from  the   people  by  the 

thirty  years  old,  and  were  to  be  Buigher  Guard :  and  a  number  of 

free  from  arrest  during  the  ses-  arreata  were  made, 

sion.  The  ^ir  becune  the  entgect  of 

Judges  to  be  appointed  lor  life,  debate    in    the    Assembly.      The 

and    not    removable    to    another  Ministerial  proposals  to  increase 

po^t,  unless  with  their  own  free  the   efficiency  of   the    protective 


Pruma.]                     HISTORY.  [389 

means  near  the  Assembly  were  immediately  led  to  this  mair  be 
opposed,  and  warmtj  debated.  In  briefly  stated.  On  the  Otb  of  Au- 
toe  end,  a  large  m^ori^  carried  gust  a  resolution  had  been  moved 
an  amendment,  which  declared  that  in  the  Assembly,  to  the  eSect  that 
the  Assembly  needed  no  armed  the  War-Minister  should  he  re- 
protection,  but  placed  itaelf  under  quired  to  issue  orders  to  the  army, 
the  safeguard  of  the  people  of  Bee-  commanding  officers  not  only  to 
Un.  This  resolution  caused  a  dis-  avoid  conflicts  with  civilians,  but, 
ruption  of  the  Cabinet ;  but  it  had  by  approachment  and  union  with 
the  effect  of  tranquillizing  the  po-  their  fellow  citizens,  to  show  that 
pnlace.  The  Ministers  of  War,  they  honestly  and  cordially  par- 
Foreign  Af^rs,  and  Public  Wor-  ticipat«  in  the  working  ont  of  a 
ship — Barons  Von  Canitz,  Von  constitutional  national  coDdition. 
Amim,  and  Graf  Schwerin,  re-  An  amendment  was  also  put,  and 
aigned;  and,  after  a  "crisis"  which  carried  by  a  m^ority  of  on« — 
lastedfors6medayH,anewMini8trf  "Those  officers  whose  political 
was  formed,  consisting  of  the  fol-  convictions  do  not  accord  with  the 
lowing  members — M.  Von  Auers-  above,  shall,  as  a  point  of  honour, 
wald.  President  of  the  Council ;  retire  from  the  army." 
JJ.  Schleinitz,  Foreign  Affiurs  ;  This  decree,  however,  remained 
General  Schreckenstein,  War;  M.  dormant,  and  was  not  acted  upon 
Eulhwelter,  Home;  M.  Hanee-  until,  on  the  7th  of  September, 
mann.  Finance ;  M.  Ulilde,  Com-  M.  Stein  brought  forwai^  a  mo- 
meice  and  Public  Works ;  M.  Rod-  tion,  slating  in  terms  "that  it  ia 
bertua.  Instruction  and  Public  the  imperatire  duty  of  the  Minis- 
Worship;  M.  Maerker,  Justice.  ters  to  promulgste  forthwith  the 
At  the  sitting  of  the  Assembly  resolution  which  the  Assembly  de- 
on  the  4th  of  July,  Von  Auers-  creed  upon  the  9th  of  August,  in 
wald  made  a  statement  of  the  po-  order  to  maintain  confidence  and 
sition  of  the  Pruasian  Govemraent  tranquillity,  and  to  prevent  a 
with  regard  to  the  German  quee-  schism  with  the  Assembly." 
tion  and  the  proceedings  of  the  This  was  opposed  by  Von  Auers- 
Diet  at  Frankfort.  It  amounted  wald,  who  said — "  The  question  at 
to  this — that  it  was  convinced  of  issue  is  not  a  question  of  law,  but 
(he  necessity  of  appointing  a  Pro-  a  question  of  administration.  At 
visional  Central  Executive  autho-  all  events,  it  is  clear  that  if  this 
rity  in  the  person  of  the  Lieu-  Government  or  any  other  be  con- 
tenant  of  the  Empire,  or  Beieht-  strained  to  act  in  the  manner  re- 
veneettr,  and  accepted  the  elec-  quired,  then  the  Government  and 
tion  of  the  Archduke  John  of  Ana-  Chamber  must  be  considered  as 
tris.  It  approved,  too,  the  invest-  having  changed  places ;  the  former 
ing  him  with  irresponsibility.  The  would  be  the  executive,  the  latter 
only  point  about  v^iich  the  Minis-  the  mere  organ  of  its  power.  What 
try  seemed  to  doubt,  was  the  power  theu  becomes  of  ministerial  re- 
transferred  to  him  from  the  Diet  sponsibility,  the  very  essence  of 
of  declaring  war  and  making  peace,  constitutional  monarchy?" 
The  Auerawald  Ministry  remained  After  a  vehement  and  angiy  de- 
fbr  some  time  in  power  in  a  tot-  bate,  the  motion  of  Von  Stein  was 
tering  position,  and  early  in  Sep-  carried  by  a  m^ority  of  67 ;  and, 
lember  it  fell.    The  cause   that  on  the  9th  of  September,  the  Mi- 


890]            ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848.  [Pnatto. 

BiBtry   proceeded    to   Ohariotten-  are  obliged  to  do,  and  th&t  no  m- 

burg,  and  tendered  their  res^;nar  actionaiy  tendencies  will  cksliwitli 

tions  to  the  King.     These,  hoir-  the   datiee  of    an   officer  in  the 

ever,  he  at  first  refused  to  accept,  army." 

warmly  sympathizing  in  their  op-  But  it  was  obvious  that  the  time 

position  to  the  resolution  moved  was  not  tar  distant  when  the  King 

by  Yon  Stein.     Ultimately,  on  the  mnst  either  mpeal  for  aupntort  to 

11th,  he  conditionally  received  the  the  loyalty  of  his  army,  or  become 

resignations,  and,  after  one  or  two  a  mere  puppet  in  the  hands  of  the 

abortive  attempts   at   forming  a  revolotionar)'  par^;  and  his  eyes 

Cabinet.  General  Von  Pfiiel  was  were  now  opened  to  the  danger  of 

placed  at  the  head  of  a  new  Minis-  entrusting  any  longer  the  safety  of 

tiy.  his  Crown  to  the  attachment  of  his 

On  the  23rd  of  September  a  "beloved  Beilineie." 
proclamation  to  the  army  was  When  General  Von  Wrasget 
issued  by  him  as  Minister  of  War,  returned  from  Schleswig.  he  was 
and  also  President  of  the  Minis-  immediately  Invested  with  the 
try,  with  reference  to  the  question  command  of  the  troops  in  the 
which  had  caused  the  downfall  of  Brandenburg  Marches,  and  he  loet 
the  preceding  Government.  He  no  time  in  informing  the  people  of 
said — "My  predecessor,  General  Berlin  that  any  attempts  at  in- 
Yon  Schreckenstein,  had  repeat-  subordination  or  sedition  would 
edly,  snd  finally  in  a  decree  of  the  find  in  him  a  stem  and  onoom- 
18th  inst.,  declared  that  the  Go-  promising  opponent  At  a  review 
vemment  of  His  Mtgesty  would  held  at  Potsdam,  on  the  SOth  of 
not  support  reactionary  tendencies,  September,  he  spoke  out  in  the 
but  condnae  in  the  constitutional  following  peremptory  style, 
couree  it  had  entered  upon.  At  "  The  King  has  conferred  upon 
the  same  time  the  necessity  of  me  the  utmost  proof  of  his  con- 
acting  so  as  to  promote  a  consti-  lldence,  in  honouring  me  with  the 
tutional  spirit  amon^  all  classes  of  command  of  all  the  troops  in  the 
the  people  was  pomted  out  by  Marches.  I  shall  re-establiBh  ordw 
him.  1  hold  the  same  views,  and  when  it  is  disturbed,  and  support 
have  determined  to  oppose  all  re-  the  laws  when  they  are  infringed. 
actionary  tendencies.  I  request  Not  at  once,  bnt  when  I  find  the 
you  will  promote  in  every  manner  Burgher  Guard  &il  in  bo  doing, 
possible  a  good  understimdiog  be-  Then  only  will  we  enter;  and  we 
tween  the  oivil  classes  and  the  shall  succeed.  The  troops  are 
military,  and  resist  the  reactionary  Btanch.  Their  swords  are  sharp- 
spirit  among  the  troops  under  your  ened,  their  arms  loaded.  Bat  not 
command.  You  will  communicate  against  you,  men  of  Berlin ;  but 
this  decree  to  the  officere,  and  di-  to  protect  you — to  protect  liberty 
rect  their  attention  to  the  circum-  given  to  us  by  the  King,  and  to 
stance  that,  acoordingto  the  draught  defend  the  laws.  Does  t^t  please 
of  the  oonstitution  which  has  been  you,  Bertiners?  I  am  glad  to  see 
proposed  by  His  Mtyesty  to  the  that  it  does.  For  you  and  with 
National  Assembly,  tho  offlcera  of  you  will  we  act  No  reaction.  But 
the  army  will  be  obliged  to  take  protection  for  order — for  the  laws 
an  oath  on  the  constitution  in  the  and  for  freedoni.  How  melan- 
eame  manner  as  the  dvil  officers  choly  doer  Berlin  now  appear  to 


Pmula.}                    HISTORY.  [391 

me  I    grasa  is  -  growing   in   jam  that  it  wsa  uteless  anir  longer  to 

streets.    Your  houaes  are  empty ;  attempt  a  system  of  conciUation 

jout  shops  are  full  of  goods — bat  and   oonoessioD,  and  it  required 

there  are   ito   purcbasmfll     Your  men  of    no   ordinary  nerve  and 

iaduatrioas    dtazeoa   are   witbout  energy  to  meet  tlie  difficulties  of 

worii — witbout  wages,  without  pro-  the  crisis  by  a  determined  resist- 

fitsl    This  must  be  changed,  and  ance  to  all  unreasonable  demands, 

it  shall  be  changed.    I  bring  ymi  To  accomplish  this  indispensable 

benefit  with  order.    Anarchy  must  task,  the  King  fixed  upon  Count 

cease,  and  it  shall  cease.     1  swear  Von  Brandenburg,  a  man  irhose 

this  to  you,  and  a  Wrangel  never  views  were  known  to  be  opposed  to 

belied  his  word."  those  of  the  liberal  school,   and 

The  result  proved  that  this  was  who  was  for  that  reason  very  uu- 

no  empty  threat  on  the  part  of  the  popular.     But  this  very  circum- 

plain-spoken  soldier.  stance  pointed  him   out   ss  the 

The  Ministiy  of  Von  Pfiiel  was  fittest  person  for  the  emergency, 
Tirtually  at  an  end  on  the  23rd  of  He,  however,  experienced  con- 
October.  It  was  quite  unable  to  siderable  difficulty  in  forming  a 
control  the  factious  violence  of  the  Uinistrr,  and  it  was  generally  be- 
Assembly,  which  at  last  went  so  far  Ueved  that  he  had  ab«adoned  the 
as  to  vote  the  entire  abolition  of  the  attempt,  when,  on  the  0th  of  No- 
order  of  nobility.  TheCabinet,  how-  vember,  the  Gazette  announced 
ever,  did  not  immediately  resign,  the  construction  of  the  followiug 
but  was  still  in  office,  though  with-  Cabinet : — the  Count  de  Branden- 
out  any  real  power  or  influence,  burg.  President  and  Minister  ad 
when,  on  the  Slst  of  October,  a  interim  of  Foreign  A^rsi  Dl. 
motion  was  brought  forward  in  the  Manteuffel,  Interior;  General  de 
Assembly,  by  Herr  Waldech,  to  Strotha,  War ;  M.  Ladenbei^, 
pledge  the  Qovemment  to  assist  Education;  H.  Kisker,  Justice; 
the  populatJDQ  of  Vienna  engaged  H.  Kuhne,  Finance ;  M.  Pommer- 
in  uie  defence  of  their  liberties  Esche,  Commerce, 
and  rights.  This  was  a  most  At  the  meeting  of  the  Assembly 
popular  eolgect,  and  a  lane  mob  on  that  day,  the  Count  of  Brandeo- 
was  collected,  which  rushed  to  the  burg  arose  to  address  the  House ; 
Chamber  where  the  Assembly  was  but  the  President  stopped  him, 
sitting,  and,  catering  the  building,  declaring  that  he  could  not  speak 
acted  with  the '  most  outrageous  without  obtaining  the  leave  of  the 
violence.  The  Bnivher  Quud  at  Assembly.  Count  Brandenburg 
last,  with  some  difficult,  cleared  desisted,  handed  in  a  royal  decree, 
the  place  of  these  intruders,  but  and  sot  down.  The  decree  was 
several  lives  were  lost  in  the  read,  which,  alluding  briefly  to  the 
sfFraj.  disjplay    of    republican    symbols. 

The  King  was  at  this  juncture  and  to  criminal  demonstration e  of 

at  Potsdam,  whither  he  had  retired  force  to  overawe   the  Assembly, 

in  consequence  of  the  stormy,  state  stated  that  there  was  a.  necessity 

of  bis  capital,  and  Oenaral  Von  to  transfer  the  sittings  from  Berlin 

Pfuel  and  his  colleagues  insisted  to  Brandenbui^.  and  declared  "the 

upon   resigning.      The   difficulty,  sittings    of   the    Constituent   As- 

however,  was  where  to  find  suo  sembiy  to  be  prorogued"  to  the 

cessors,  for  experience  had  shewn  9Tth  of  the  month,  when  it  re- 


892]  ANNUAL  REGISTER*  1848.         [Pruuia. 

^red  Uutt  bod;  to  re-assemble  at  rented  in  more  oonoiae  and  de- 

Brandenbura.    The  reading  of  the  ciaivelangu^eonthe  IStb.  These 

decree  was  interrupted  by  violent  municipal  troops,  howerer,  deter- 

exclamations   and    proteste,    and  mined  not  to  give  np  tbeir  anna, 

cries  of  "Nerer,  never  I  we  pro-  and,  aa  the  aspect  of  affiiirs  was 

test ;  we  will  not  assent :  we  will  threatening,  General  Wnmgel  on 

periah  here  aooner;  it  ia  illegal;  the  evening  of  that  day  declared 

It   ia    nnconatitntional ;    we    are  the  cily  io  a  state  of  siege. 
nuBters."    In  the  midst  of  this        Next  day  the  proceedings  of  the 

tomujt  the  Count  of  Brandenburg  Assembly  were  interrupted  by  the 

rose,  and  said —  entry  of  an  officer  from  General 

"  la  consaqnence  of  the  royal  Wrangel,  summoning  it,  as  an 
message  which  has  just  been  rMd,  "  illegal  meeting,  to  dispene." 
I  summon  the  Assembly  to  bub-  The  Vice-President  FliinieB  was  in 
pend  its  deliberationB  forthwith,  the  chair,  and  he  refused  to  leave 
and  to  adjoom  until  the  day  spa-  it  unless  by  force.  The  whole 
cified.  I  must  at  the  same  time  House  shouted,  "Never,  till  forced 
declare  all  further  prolongation  of  by  arms  I"  Upon  this  two  or 
the  deliberadons  to  be  illegal,  and  three  officers  with  a  party  of  sol- 
protest  against  them  in  the  name  diera  entered,  and  repeating  the 
of  the  Crown."  Bummons,  received  the  Bame  an- 

He  then,  with  his  colleagaes,  swer.  The  officers  then  exclaim- 
left  the  hall  of  the  Assembly.  ed,  "  We  will  not  use  bayonets. 

The  discontented  members  of  but  other  means;"  and  the  sol- 
that  body  now  resolved  to  sit  in  diers,  advancing,  seized  the  chair 
permanence,  and  the  President  upon  which  ii.  Plonies  was  seated, 
and  a  few  of  the  more  determined  and  carried  him  into  the  street, 
deputies  remained  in  the  Chamber  The  members  followed,  protesting 
all  night.  Next  day,  however,  the  against  this  act  of  outrage,  and  the 
building  was  surrounded  by  troops,  silting  was  adjourned  to  another 
under  the  command  of  General  time  and  place.  The  people  con- 
Wrangel,  who  announced  his  de-  tinued  to  assemble  in  crowds 
termination  to  allow  any  member  wherever  the  military  did  not  pre- 
to  leave  the  House,  but  none  to  vent  tbem ;  but  in  the  evening  a 
enter  it.  Upon  this  the  Assembly  proclamation  appeared,  directing 
resolved  to  withdraw  under  protest  the  soldiers  to  Sre  on  all  persons 
then,  and  meet  elsewhere  on  the  who  persisted  in  assembling,  or 
following  day.  As  the  members  remaining  together  after  a  sum- 
retired  in  a  body,  they  were  at-  mons  to  withdraw. 
tendedbytheBurgherGuard.which  Although  the  Burgher  Guard 
warmly  espoused  their  cause,  refused  to  deliver  up  their  arms. 
Early  the  next  morning  (the  11  th),  their  determination  did  not  amount 
340  of  the  deputies  met  in  the  to  more  than  a  passive  resistance, 
hall  of  the  8chut2en  Gild,  and  and  the  troops  were  actively  em- 
there  they  received  several  ad-  ployed  in  taking  them  ^m  the 
dresses  of  sympathy  from  the  refractory  holders  during  the  whole 
Toim  Council  and  other  public  of  the  18th,  on  the  evening  of 
bodies.  In  the  course  of  the  day  which  day  neaiiy  the  whole  of 
the  Burgher  Guard  was  disbanded  their  weapons  had  been  seized  and 
by  a  royal  proclamatioi),  which  was  carried  away. 


PrMtia.]  HISTORY.  [393 

But  the  proceeding!  of  the  As-  some  time,  the   ofBoer  and  his 

•embljr  cansed  more  troable.     On  escort  stood   perfectly  calm,   bat 

the  15th  they  met  in  th«  hall  of  not  vrilhout  the  precaution  of  com- 

the  Town  Council,  but  the  militaij  mnnicating  with  the  detachment 

appeared,  and  the  membeia  with-  outside. 

drew  nnder  protest.     In  the  even-  -   At    length,   when    silence  was 

ing  of  the  same  daj  SQ6  of  the  somewhat  re-established,  there  was 

deputies  Bssembled  ^  a  cd/^  in  the  a  general  call  from   members — 

Linden,  and  immediately  discussed  "  Condnoe  the  deliberations.    We 

the  question  of  refusing  to  grant  will  hear  of  no  more  interruptions, 

any  taxes.    They  passea  a  resoln-  Clear  the  Chamber  of  strangers." 

tion  to  that  effect,  and  were  con-  Upon  this  the  officer  approached 

sidering  another,  which  was  thns  the   chair,  and,  after   conferring 

woided — "  The  National  Assembly  with  the  President,  retired  with 

decrees,  that  the  Brandenburg  Mi-  his  escort  outside  the  door,  whilst 

nistry  is  not  aothorized  to  levy  a  messenger  was    despatched  to 

taxes,  or  disburse  the  public  money,  head-quarters  for  farther  instmc- 

nntil  the  National  Assembly  can  tions.   The  members  now  returned 

fulfil  its  duties  in  safe^  at  Berlin,  to  their  seats,  and  having  heard 

This    resolution   will   take    effect  the  last-mentioned  resolution  read, 

from  the  ITth  NoTember  next  en-  adapted  it  by  acclamation.     The 

suing," — ^when  an  officer  entered  President  (M.  Unrah),  then  pro- 

the    apartment,   accompanied    by  posed  that  the  House  should  ad- 

hslf  a  dozen  grenadiers,  who  were  jonro,  and  the  members  quickly 

jfKwted  at  the  door,  whilst  a  batts-  retired. 

lion  of  the  same  corps  were  drawn  The  Brandenburg  Ministiy 
up  at  the  entrance  of  the  building  stood  firm  in  the  oontest,  and  a 
on  the  Linden.  The  officer  ap-  circular  notice  was  forwarded  to 
proached  (he  President,  and  stated  all  the  "  Royal  GoTomments  "  in 
that  he  had  leceiTed  orders  from  the  kingdom,  warning  them  to  pay 
General  Wrangel  to  cause  the  no  aUention  to  the  illegal  resolu- 
Chamber  to  be  evacnated.  Great  tions  of  the  Assembly.  At  the 
agitation  ensued  upon  this  an-  same  time  every  precaution  was 
nonncemenr,  and  when  the  officer  taken,  by  a  proper  disposition  of 
stud  that  he  was  resolved  to  em-  military  force,  to  prevent  and  snp- 
ploy  force,  the  Assembly  rose  in  pross  any  attempt  at  disturbance, 
an  uncontrollable  state  of  excite-  A  oreat  number  of  arrests  were 
ment,  and  cried  out,  "  No,  no ;  a  made,  and  the  prisons  were  filled 
thousand  times  no  t  We  will  not  to  overflowing.  The  Qovemment 
more  from  this  room,  although  ws  effectually  triumphed,  and  the 
an  driven  by  bayonets  1"  Sixty  King  seemed  at  last  to  have 
or  seventy  Deputies  sprang  towards  learned  the  lesson  that  his  at- 
(he  officer  and  his  escort,  and  by  tempts  to  cultivate  a  iQob  popn- 
their  excited  gestures  appeared  larity  by  grandiloquent  and  de- 
disposed  to  drive  them  from  the  lusive  phimes  about  freedom  and 
Chamber  ;  whilst  the  remainder  equality,  only  endangered  the  sto- 
crowded  round  the  President's  bitity  of  his  throne,  and  rendered 
table.  Daring  this  state  of  con-  necessaiy  the  intervention  of  the 
fusion  and  uproar,  which  lasted  army  in  its  most  odious  form,  by 


894]           ANNUAL  REGISTBH,  1848.  [P"». 

calling  upon  it  to  appear  as  the  daneen   l3i«   prosperitj   of    the 

■ntagonist  and  conqueror  of  its  whole  of  Qmrmmj,  to  be  eanied 

fellow-fiul^eots.  into  effecL" 

When  the  nens  of  the  resolu-  On  the  S7th  of  November  the 

tion  of  the  Pnusiaii  Aasembly  to  Fnueiaa  Aaeembljr  met  aL  Braa- 

Btop  the  BupplioB  reached  Frank-  denbug,   but   as   the   re&octoij 

fort,  the  Notional  Amembljr  there  members  refused  to  join  it  for  eome 

Toted  that  this  act  was  null  and  d^,  there  ma  not  a  sufficie&t 

void,  and  the  Archduke  John,  the  number   preeent  to  constitute  a 

Beoent  of  the  Empire,  issued  an  House.    At  last  the  extreme  Ba- 

address  to  the  people  of  Oermanj  dicals  entered  the   Chamber,   ia 

on  the  subject,  in  which  he  said —  order  to  hare  a  trial  of  strength, 

"  A  part  of  the  Prussian  De-  and  being  beaten  on  a  vote  the^at 
puties  have  resolved  to  withhold  once  retu«d,  and  the  paucity  at 
the  taxes.  Bt  bo  doing,  they  have  numbers  left  proTented  the  As- 
loosened  the  bends  of  political  ex-  sembly  from  transacting  busineea. 
istence,  de^ly  shaken  the  founda*  It  therefore  a^onrned  its  sitting 
tions  of  dnl  society,  and  broi^ht  until  the  7th  of  December,  but  in 
Prussia,  and  with  it  the  whole  of  the  mean  time,  on  the  6th  of  that 
Gennany,  to  the  verge  of  civil  month,  a  royal  edict  speared,  by 
war.  which  the  Aseembly  was  dissolTsd, 

"  Prussians  I  the  representativea  At  the  some  time  the  programme 

of  Gennany,  at  Frankfort  assem-  of  a  new  oonstitutioo  was  pub- 

bted,  have  in  this  momentous  crisis  lisbed,  an  account  of  which  will 


peace.  The  Imperial  Assembly  No  other  evuita  of  historioal 
has  sxpreeeed  a  wish  that  the  importance  occnrred,  and  the  firm- 
King  of  Pntssia  should  surround  ness  of  the  Brandenboiv  Mi* 
himself  with  advisers  who  enjoy  niatry  preserved  a  degree  of  tran- 
the  MHifidence  of  the  country.  It  qnillity  in  the  capital  which  formed 
has  solemnly  pledged  itself  to  a  refreshing  contrast  to  the  scenes 
maintain  the  rights  and  liberties  of  tumult  and  violence  of  which  it 
promised  and  insured  to  you ;  it  had  so  often,  during  the  preceding 
has  promised  yon  protection  against  period  since  the  beginniug  of 
any  attempt  to  violate  them.  It  March,  been  the  scene, 
has,  however,  at  the  same  time  de- 
clared the  resolution  of  the  Prus-  GRAND  DUCHY  OF  PO- 
sian  Deputies  to  withhold  the  taxes  SEN. — In  the  course  of  this  year 
wholly  null  and  void.  some  horrible  atrocities  were  com- 

"  Pnueians  I  the  Imperial  As-  mitted  in  this  duchy  by  the  Polish 

aembly  at  Frankfort  represents  the  inhabitants.    Sinoe  the  provinoa 

German  nation  in  the  aggr^ote,  has  formed  port  of  the  FmssiaD 

and  its  deciuoD  is  supreme  law  to  dominions,  a  large  Geiman  and 

alt.                                  ,  Jewish  population  has  grown  up 

"  Germans !  I  will  act  in  foil  there,  although  the  great  bulk  of 

accordance  with  the  Imperial  As-  the  natives  are  Poles ;  and  between 

sembly.     I  will  not  allow  the  re-  the  two  sections  there  has  long  ex< 

solution  nhiob,  by  preventing  the  isted  a  feeling  of  irritation  and 

levy  of  the  taxes  ra  Prussia,  en-  hostility,  occasioned  no  doubt  by 


Pomn.]                       HISTORY.  [396 

tlie  treatment  of  the  latter  by  the  most  too  hanoirii^  for  insertian 

Gemunfi  aa  a  depressed  and  in-  in  our   pages.     Hands    and 'feet 

ferior  race.    We  hare  already  men-  were  cut  off,  eyes  scooped  out,  and 

tioned  that,  at  the  time  when  the  women  in  an  advanced  state  of 

revolution  of  the  18th  of  March  pr^nancy  beaten  to  death  with 

occurred  at  Berlin,  a  deputation  of  duSe,  and  under  circumstances  of 

Poles  came  from  Breslau  and  ob-  the     most    disgusting     brutalitj. 

tained  from  the  king  some  liberal  Harder  and  lust  st^ed  tiium- 

promises  with  regard  to  the  future  phant  through  the  land,  and  no 

goverament   of   his  Silesian  do-  age  or  sex  was  spared  l^  the  de- 

miuione.     Their  countrymen  also  mons  in  human  sha^,  who  revelled 

who  were  confined  for  political  of-  in  the  tortures  they  inflicted.    Such 

fmoes  were  liberated  aoia  prison,  conduct  of  course  begat  retaliation, 

and  Mietoslawski,  tlie  most  dis-  and  the  contest  raged  with  a  fe- 

tingnished  of  tliem,  made  a  kind  of  lodty  onknown  in  the  annals  of 

triumphal  ^XKession  through  the  civilued    nations.     MJeroalawaki 

■treete  of  Berlin.    The  King  at  headed  the  insurgent  Poles  and 

the  same  time  promised  that  the  aoon  collected  a  formidable  army, 

dnoliy  should  be  divided  into  two  between  whom  and  the  Pnusiaas 

moieties,  the  one  Polish  and  the  Tarions    conflicts    took    place   at 

otberGerman.andthateaohshonld  Xionz,  Miloslaw,  and  Wreschen. 

poaaeee  a  separate  local  adminis-  In  the  month  of  April  General  Von 

bration.     Some  delay  and  difGcul-  Pfoel  left  Berlin  to  act  as  civil 

ties,  however,  occurred  in  canying  Commissary  of  the  revolted  pro- 

ont  the  proposed  measures,  and  the  vince,  and  immediately  on  his  ar- 

Poles  made  active  prepantions  for  rival  in  Poeen  he  prouaimed  mar- 

an  insurrection.    The  epirit  that  tial  law.     The  officer  who   oon- 

animated  them  will  appear  from  ducted    the    militttiy    operations 

the   following   circular  letter  ad-  against  the  Poles  under  Mieroe- 

dressed  by  the  Polish  Committee  lawski  was  General  Von  Wedell, 

of  Posen  to  that  of  Ootzyn,  dated  and   he   was    instructed    by  Von 

the  98th  of  March : —  Pfiiel  to  consent  to  no  oessation  of 

"  We  must  avoid  alarming  the  hostilities,  except  on  the  following 

Germans,  in  order  not  to  provoke  conditions : — 

a  reaction;  but  it  is  important  to  "  1.  An    instantaneoua    laying 

maintain  our  supremacy  over  them,  down  of  arms. 

We  therefi»e  recommend  your  treat-  "it.  Emigrants   and   strangers 

ing  the  Germans  to  their  faces  in  a  from  the  kingdom  of  (Bossian)  Po- 

nndid,  straightforward  manner,  so  land,   Gallicia,  and  Giacow,  with 

that  they  may  confide  in  cor  at-  their  leaders,  to  be  marched  off  to 

tachment  and  fraternity.    But  be-  a  dep6t  between   the  Elbe  and 

hind  their  backs  the  people  are  to  Weaer. 

.be  armed ;  their  minds  are  to  be  "8.  The  natives  of  tlie  Grand 

inflamed  with  a  fiery  seal."  Duchy  of  Poeen  to  be  escorted  to 

Shortly  after   this    the    Poles  their  respective  districts,  and  there 

thitiughont  Silesia  rose  in  arms,  dismissed, 

and  tamed  with  savage  fury  against  "4.  Men  of  the  l&ndwehr  and 

their  German  fellow-sul^ects  who  deserters  from  the  ranks  who  had 

were  settled  there.    The  details  fought  amoog  the  insurgents  to  be 

of  tfaefr  barbarous  conduct  are  al-  conducted  to  Poeen,  and  reoom- 


396]            ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [i'«««- 

mended   to   the   King's  especial  alljr  acknowledges  tbe  preliminair 

grace.  boondary  line  between  the  Polish 

"5.  Secnritj  of  the  persons  of  and  the  German  part  of  Fosen, 

all  those  who  bad  laid  down  their  laid  down  by  the  Roj&I  Prussian 

arms."  Commiasaiy-Oeneral  Pfiiet,  under 

The  insni^nts  were  attacked  at  date  of  June  4th,  1848,  but  re- 

seTend  points,  and  defeated,  and  serves  to  itself  the  final  decision 

at  last,  early  in  May,  the  Prussian  as  to  the  boundary  line  to  be  drawn 

columns  under  Qenentls  Colomb,  between  these  pule  till  the  result 

Brandt,  Blume,  and  Wedell,  eur-  of  further  inquiries,  to  be  set  on 

rounded    Mieroslawski    and    the  foot  by  the  Central  Ooveminent, 

body  of  Poles  which  be  commanded  has  been  made  known." 

on  tbree  sides,  so  that  they  were  It  wss  also  resolved, 

completely  enveloped  on  the  flanks  "  That  the  National  Assembly 

and  in  front.     They  at  first,  at-  express  to  the  Prussian  Govem- 

tempt«d  to  force  the  enemy's  lines,  ment  a  confident  ezpeotation  that 

and  cut  their  way  oat  of  their  po-  the  nationality  of  the  Germans  in 

sition.    This  effortfoiled,  and  they  the  Polish  part  of  Posen  will  be 

then  fell  back  on  Mielczyn,  a  place  protected    under     every    circom- 

between   Gnesen   and  Wreschen,  stance." 

where,  seeing  that  escape  was  im-  The  view  taken  of  the  Polish 

possible,  they   made  offers  for  a  question  at  this  period  by  the  rsdi* 

capitulation.  General  Von  Colomb,  cal  party  in  Germany,  is  sufficiently 

however,  refused  to  enter  into  any  explained  in  the  followinR  extracts 

such  arrangement,    and    allowed  from   a  speech  delivered  in   the 

Mieroslawski  only  a  short  time  for  Frankfort  Assembly,  on  the  34th 

unconditional  submission.  of  July,  by  M.  Jordan,  of  Berlin, 

He  had  no  resource  now  left,  and  one  of  the  ablest  members  of  the 

therefore  on  the  Tth  of  May  be  and  Gennan  Pailiament.     The  qnes- 

hia  companions  laid  down  their  tion  was,  whether  the  Assembly 

arms,  and  sarrendered  at  discre-  would  approve  of  the  line  of  de> 

tion.      Mieroslawski  was  arrested  marcation  drawn  on  Posen  by  tbe 

and  confined  a  close  prisoner.  Next  Commissary,    Von    Pfuel,    which 

day  a  targe  body  of  the  insurgents,  separated  it  into  two  pordcna.  one 

under  the  command  of  Brzesanski,  Gennan  and  tbe  other  Polish.   He 

were  brought  to  an    engagement  said,  "  No  afbir  of  such  European 

by  General   Wedell,   and    driven  importance  bad  yet  been  treated 

back  with  loss  on  Miroalaw,  where  wiuin    these   walls.      All   words 

they  soon  capitulated,  and  this  for-  spoken  in  it,  and  the  result  of  the 

midable  rebeltion  was  completely  debate,  would  be  followed  with  at- 

cruahed.     A  division  was  made  by  t«ntion  throughout  eveiy  part  of 

General  Von  Pfuel  of  the  district,  the  world.     The  Grand  Duchy  of 

so  as  to  separate  the  German  from  Posen   was  commonly  considered 

the  Polish  portion,  and  this  plan  an  entirely  Polish  land.   This  was 

afterwarda  received  a  qualified  ap  not  the  case ;  some  districts  in  it 

prov&l  from  the  German  Assembly  had  not  belonged  to  Poland,  but  to 

at  Frankfort,  which  on  the  3Tth  Pomeiania,  and  were  added  to  the 

of  July  resolved  that                         .  province  in  1815 — those  in  which 

"  The  National  Assembly,  under  the  town  of  Bromberg  lies.   Again, 

present  circumstances,  provision-  the  western  districts  bad  become 


Poten.}                        HISTORY.  [397 

entirely  German,  all  towns  uid  tainlj  some  districts,  inhabited  al- 
villages  bad  Qerman  oames,  and  most  exclusiTel;  bj  Poles,  had 
the  popolation  often  was  without  been  included.  The  reason  was 
the  slightest  knowledge  of  the  this — that  PruBsia  could  not  (with- 
Polish  tongue.  This  was  the  outcommittingbightreasonagainst 
foundation  the  Assembly  had  to  Geraumy)  give  up  the  fortress  of 
proceed  upon.  He  would  now  go  Ptwen,  the  most  nacesaaiy  point 
through,  in  a  few  words,  the  bis-  in  the  east  of  Germany,  even  if  it 
tory  of  the  last  months.  The  had  suffered  the  city  of  Posen, 
Poles,  immediately  after  the  revo-  which  was  at  all  times  inhabited 
lution  at  Berlin,  demanded  a.  na-  chiefly  by  Germans,  to  belong  to 
tional  reorganization.  It  was  ao-  the  opposite  party.  Now,  a  kt- 
corded,  and,  in  &ct,  greeted  with  trees,  aa  everybody  knew,  was  no- 
enthusiasm  by  the  German  popu-  thii^  at  all  by  itself;  and,  there- 
lation  itself.  Snt  there  was  the  fore,  several  rivers,  canals,  and 
self-staled  National  Committee  of  high-rosds  had  been  added  to  the 
Poles  of  Posen,  driving  away  the  town  of  Posen  when  the  denmrca- 
German  authorities,  giving  orders  tion  was  completed.  This  was  a 
to  the  troops,  and  suddenly  show-  mere  necessity."  M.  Jordan  then 
ing  a  face  to  the  German  popula-  proceeded  to  speak  of  the  affec- 
tion which  meant — ^you  are  our  tion  for  the  Poles.  This  affec- 
autyects.  This  turned  the  soale.  tion  went  on  diminishing  geogra- 
Bemonstrauces  were  made,  and  phically  u  you  approached  their 
when  the  Cabinet  of  Berlin  de-  ooontry.  Itwasnaturalyoashould 
layed  giving  an  answer,  the  Ger-  feel  sympathy  for  a  nation  full  of 
man  districts  declared  that  they  chivalrous  valour  and  of  a  quick 
would  be  B^arated  at  once  from  forgetfulnass  of  self.  History  had 
the  Grand  Duchy.  This  left  no  crushed,  yritb  a  foot  of  iron,  a 
alternative  to  the  Government;  people  that  was  no  more  able  to 
they  consented,  and  drew  a  line  of  0>vem  iteelf.  This  was  tragic, 
demarcation  between  those  parts  But  what  was  it  but  a  cowardly 
where  the  Poles,  forming  the  vast  sentimentality  to  wish  the  tr^edy 
miyority  of  the  population,  were  of  history  to  be  actually  forced 
to  try  to  govern  themselves,  and  backwards?  He  would  now  speak 
those  excluded  from  this  Polish  of  certain  prejudices  commonly  ex- 
rule.  Now,  the  question  was —  bting  with  regard  to  the  Poles, 
shall  we  allow  the  000,000  Oer-  He  had  heard  people  Bay,  "  Poland 
mans  (who  have  lived  almost  alone  must  be  our  wall  of  defence  against 
in  these  districta]  to  remain  tmder  Asiatic  barbarism."  Did  Germany 
German  laws  and  institutions,  or  want  snch  a  defence?  He  said, 
force  them  back  under  the  domi-  No !  And  if  she  did,  what  in  all 
nion  of  a  'nee  which  they  consider  the  world  gave  us  a  right  to  sup- 
a  less  civilized  one?  He  who  pose  that  a  nation  which  we  com* 
answered  the  latter  question  in  the  t«ted  for  centuries  in  the  younger 
affirmative  vras  at  least  an  invo-  days  of  Germany,  in  many  a  blomly 
InnUiy  traitor.  The  line  of  de-  contest,  which  the  progress  of  Gei^ 
marcation  drawn  by  the  Prussian  many  particularly  helped  to  ruin. 
Commissioners  was,  on  the  whole,  should  at  once  foiget  all  this  and 
Bjustone;  but.  as  it  was  impos-  rise  to  help  our  interests ?  None 
■ible  to  make  Polish  indavet.cet-  but  the  most  short-sighted  peopla 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Pm 


oonld  imagine  that  the  Poles  forgot 
one  principat  aziont  tftught  by  lus- 
tory — that  no  state  was  truly  in- 
dependent without  a  sea  coast. 
The  Poles  knew  that  very  well ; 
and  on  old  proverb  had  been  quoted 
a  good  deal  in  1846,  "  Poland  as 
for  as  the  Green-bridge  at  Koniga- 
berg  ! "  You  would  never  hear  a 
Pole  speaking  of  hia  conntry  with- 
out Danlzig  and  Konigsberg  as  ita 
ports,  cities  as  German  as  Uie  one 
in  which  he  (M.  Jordan)  was 
speaking.  Again  it  was  said,  "We 
ought  to  declare  war  against  Rus- 
■ia  to  deliver  Poland,"  and  in 
order  to  inculcate  this  idea,  people 
preached  a  national  hatred  against 
the  Kussians.  This  was  ridisulouB 
— and,  indeed,  hating  a  nation  was 
ntter  barbarisoi.  The  people  of 
BoBsia  had  their  surface,  as  it 
were,  corrupted  by  a  shameless 
nobility — but  the  stock  was  excel- 
lent. They  should  read  the  books 
of  all  travellers,  and  see  whether 
any  one  of  them  did  not  find  the 
germ  of  something  excellent  in  the 
common  Russian  ?  All  you  could 
fight  against  was  the  system  of  go- 
vernment in  Russia.  Well,  then, 
what  else  could  give  a  new  prop  to 
this  system  bat  these  deolamations 
^{ainst  Russia  ?  He  would  remind 
them  of  the  German  history  forty 
years  ago.  Had  not  the  insulting 
tone  of  the  French  roused  the  spi- 
rit of  uMional  honour  in  Germany, 
the  great  political  pn^ress  whidi 
oar  country  might  hare  made  then 
would  not  have  been  retarded,  as 
it  was,  for  a  whole  generatiDn. 
The  same  was  the  case  in  Russia. 
The  ideas  of  the  age  had  many  an 
ardent  admirer  there.  Let  us  not 
turn  these  noble  feelings  into  the 
contrary  direction  by  insulting 
what  is  higher  still  in  the  hearts 
of  those  men — their  love  of  &ther- 
land  I    He  would  not  speak  of  the 


threats  of  some,  who  declared  that 
France  would  declare  war.  It  wad 
unworthy  of  Germany  not  to  go  its 
own  way  independently.  Another 
prejudice  was  this — that  jualioe  re- 
quired from  us  to  leave  to  Poland 
what  had  belonged  to  Poland  for^ 
merly.  Now,  he  would  not  draw 
his  defence  from  the  Treaty  of 
Vienna.  Treadea  of  timt  natnie 
were  made  only  according  to  the 
right  of  the  stroneer.  But  had 
not  this  conquest  been  made  by 
the  plough  before  the  sword  came 
to  finish  it?  The  whole  east  of 
Germany  was  Sclavonic  originally, 
and  in  the  course  of  oenturies 
German  colonists  made  the  soil 
their  own,  preparing  the  way  for 
Germtm  dominion.  Thus  Meok- 
leuburgh,  Silesia,  all  the  oounliy 
east  of  the  Elbe,  was  gained.  In 
Poland,  too,  noblemen  had  been 
accustomed  to  employ  German  far- 
mers. These  had  gained  a  four- 
fold profit  from  the  soil,  and  within 
a  generation  or  two  became  pro- 
prietors of  it.  It  required  some 
moral  courage  to  stand  up  against 
opinions  long  inculcated,  but  he 
must  say  it  was  isnorance  or  ill 
will  on  Uie  part  of  histoiy  to  deny 
that  Prussia  bad  done  right  in  that 
affiiir.  Prussia  took  no  provinces 
bat  those  which  were  in  great  part 
colonized  by  Germans,  which  se- 
rrated the  Baltic  possessions  of 
Konigsbei^,  &c.,  &om  those  be- 
longing to  Brandenburg,  and  she 
took  the  latter  because  otherwise 
she  would  have  bad  the  sword  of 
the  Czar  between  the  different 
parts  of  her  dominions.  Loi^  be- 
fore the  partition  a  great  French 
writer  had  sud — "  Of  all  things 
wonderful  the  existence  of  Polaod 
seemed  to  him  the  most  incon- 
ceivable." Besides,  daring  that 
whole  time,  a  very  large  portiou 
of  the  Polish  nobility  was  in  opeo 


i*-"!-]                      HISTORY.  [399 

klliflncfl  with  Rosda.     He  asked  pressed  nobodj,  it  had  only-  weak- 

again,   «iiat  conld   the    PniBsian  ened  the  airoptnoe  of  the  Dobles. 

Cabinet  do?    In  this  case  again.  Let  them  go  and  ask  the  Foliah 

a  "  tngio  ironj  "  had  taken  place ;  peasant  throughout  the  coantr; ; 

nbsolttte  power  broke  the  insolencfl  he  would  tell  them,  "  I  will  be 

of  the  nobilit;  and  gave  shelter  to  Prussian."     Now,  as   to  this  he 

tke  peassnL     The  Kings  prepared  knew  a  fact  would  be  thrown  in 

the  way  for  democraoj.    That  had  his  fkce— in  the  last  insorreotion 

been  the  case  in  Poeen ;  and  if  the  men  who  ton^t  were  Polish 

ever  Poland  should  rise  into  a  na-  peasants  with    ecnrthee    in    their 

tion  able  to  govern  itselt  the  germs  ikands.    He  would  apeak  fomklj, 

of  eqoslitjr  and  civilization,   laid  even  if  he  should  incur  the  dis- 

nnder  Prussian  rule,  would  be  the  pleasure  of  some  Boman  Oatholio 

origins  of  this  elevation.    To  aa,y  clergrmen    in   the    hoose.      He 

Hut  the  Poles  were  kept  down,  would  assure  them  that  he  did  not 

waa  a  lie ;   on  the  contrary,  all  -  mean  to  oflend  them.     U.  Jordan 

means  of  entreatj  were  used  to  then  went  on  to  prove  how  aja- 

incline  the  Poles  to  tske  office  temstically  the  Poles  were  made  to 

in  their  own  country.    And  yet  believe  that  Prussia  and  Germany 

the   Poles  complained  that  they  had  no  other  object  but  to  protest' 

were  kept  out  of  ofhce.      Why,  antize   Posen.     The  clergy  went 

he  (M.  Jordan)  knew  that  whilst  so  far  as  to  spread  out  the  fable 

you  would  find,  in  general,  ten  that  the  Neo-Catholjcs  were  set  on 

Germans  waidng  for  a  place,  there  by  the  Prussian  Government    He 

were  ten  places  open  for  one  Pole,  assured   the  house   that    in    the 

But  such  occupations    were    too  whole  fearful  struggle  no  national 

grosaic,  too  matterof-fact  for  the  feeling  prompted  the  wretched 
oles;  they  preferred  travelling  scythemen,  but  the  fury  of  fana- 
about  in  all  parts  of  Europe,  wait-  ticism.  You  would  have  seen  no 
ing  Ibr  sn  explosion,  hoping  to  see  Polish  banner  carried  before  them, 
their  own  country  starting  up  by  but  the  images  well  known  hom 
an  outward  convulsioD  I  As  if  a  their  processious.  What  did  those 
oountiy  did  not,  above  all,  require  unfortunate  peasants  now  say  on 
cultivation.  That  cultivation  had  returning  from  the  prisons  to 
taken  place ;  but,  to  be  sure,  the  which  tney  had  been  carried  ? 
fertile  land  woe  now  the  property  Why,  you  would  see  them  walking 
of  those  who  had  dried  morasses,  home  peaceably  without  a  single 
cut  the  woods,  nuule  canals,  built  soldier  to  watch  them ;  and  if  you 
cities  and  villages — of  those  he  beard  an  execration  from  their 
would  add,  fioally,  who  had  intro-  mouths,  it  was  agunstthose  dozen 
dnced  national  schools  throughout,  noblemen  who  had  abused  their 
He  would  mention  only  one  case  own  most  sacred  feelings.  Per- 
~^a  the  city  of  Posen,  and  eight  haps  hon.  members  were  not  aware 
or  ten  miles  round  it,  no  less  than  of  this  fact— that  at  present  the 
160  public  sohoola  wsre  opened,  authorities  were  scarcely  able  to 
He  would  not  speak  of  another  prevent  cruelties  takiw  place 
word  always  brought  forward  by  against  the  nobility.  He  must 
the  friends  of  Poland — "humanity"  guard  himself  against  another  mis- 
should  prompt  us  to  deliver  up  representation,  as  if  the  Polish 
Poaen.      Wl^,  Protsia  had   op-  leaders  were  now  such  resolute  de- 


400]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Poun. 

mocrats,  commuDista,  &c.    Was  it  conatructioD  of  Poland,  be  ooold 

a  great  merit — did  it  require  much  only  hope  for  &  coDstruction  of  a 

taleut  to  traoBlate  a  few  French  Polish  people  that  hod  never  ex- 

j^rases  into  the  Polieh  language  ?  isted  before.    And  if  this  conatruo- 

The  poor  peasants  had  a  stanch  ijon  succeeded,  the  German  rule 

memory,  and  that  memory  did  not  had  made  it  possible.  HieBhodui, 

show  the  names  of  the  anoestors  of  hie  lalta.     There  was  a  portion  of 

these  same  gentlemen   as  demo-  Poaen  still  chiefly  inhabited   by 

cnits.    The  peasants  had  never  be-  Poles — might  that  be  the  cradle  <^ 

lieved  their  words.   If  others  were  ■  regenerated  Poland ! 
in  the  habit  of  speaking  of  a  re- 


t,GoogIc 


Aiutria.]  HISTORY.  [401 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

AuBTBTA.  Population  o/Auatrian  Empire — Beviete  of  Etentt  in  Hungary 
— Prince  MetUTniek  proposes  IHuolution  of  Hungarian  Chamber — 
Opening  of  Settton  of  Diet  for  Lower  Austria — The  Chamber  invaded 
bg  the  Mob — Confiict  mth  the  Military — Proclamation  by  (/i«  Emperor 
— Flight  of  Mettemich  from  Vienna — Conduct  of  the  BathyanyKos- 
tuth  Ministry  in  Hungary — Baron  Fori  Jellachieh  appointed  by  the 
Emptror  Ban  of  Croatia — New  Ministry  at  Vienna — Declaration  of 
Amnesty — Outline  of  New  Conititution^^Promulgation  of  the  Con- 
etitution — Change!  in  the  Ministry  at  Vienna — Nete  Electoral  Law — 
The  Emperor  abandon*  the  Capital  for  Innspruck — Proclamalion  to 
the  Auttrian  People — Quarrel  of  Races  in  Botiemia — The  Csec/i*  and 
the  Oemtani — Great  Pantclavonic  Congress  convoked  at  Prague — 
Promsiortal  Government  established  there — Sclavonic  Diet  convened 
by  JeUachich — Outbreak  of  Insurrection  at  Prague — The  Princess 
Winditehgriitz  killed  by  a  Bifle  Shot — Bombardment  of  Prague — 
The  BebeUion  crushed— JeUachich  stripped  of  his  Office  by  the 
Emperor — Beconeiliation  ejected  at  Innapruek — Failure  of  at- 
tempted Adjustment  of  the  Quarrel  belteeen  the  Hungarians  and 
Croat* — Manifesto  of  the  Ban — Opening  of  Sessio'ti,  6f  the  Hun- 
garian Diet — Speech  of  Kossuth  in  the  Diet,  on  the  'Question  of 
Magyar  Nationality — Address  of  the  Hungarian  Chamber — Con- 
stituent Assembly  of  Awtria  opetud  at  Vienna — Speech  of  the  Arch- 
duke John — Return  of  the  Emperor  to  Vienna — Hi*  enthusiastic 
Reception — Contest  in  Hungary  between  the  Magyars  and  the  Croats  ' 
— Deputation  from  Pesth  to  the  Emperor — Threatening  advance  of 
Jellachieh — His  Proclamation — The  National  Assembly  at  Vienna 
reuses  to  receive  Second  Hungarian  Deputation — Murder  of  Count 
LavAerg,  at  Pesth — The  Ban  of  Croatia  ajqiointed  by  the  Emperor 
Commander-in-Chief  and  Commissary  Plenipotentiary  in  Hungary 
— Revolt  at  Vienna — Flight  of  the  Emperor — Jellachieh  marches 
upon  the  Capital — His  Reply  to  the  Messages  of  the  Diet — Approach 
of  the  Hungarian  Troops — Situation  of  Vienna  at  this  Grins — Prince 
Windischgriilz  takes  the  Command  of  the  besieging  Army — Prague 
declares  for  the  Emperor — Storming  of  the  Sttburbs  of  Vienna — 
Surrender  of  the  City — Execution  of  Blum  and  Messenhauser — Pro- 
test of  the  National  Assembly  at  Frankfort — The  Austrian  Army 
marches  against  t/te  Hungarians — Change  in  the  Viennese  Cabinet — 
Meeting  of  the  Diet  at  Kremsir — Abdication  of  the  Imperial  Throne 
by  the  Emperor — Proclamation  by  the  Nea  Emperor,  Francis  Charles 
— Reflections  on  1/w  Position  of  Austria. 

Vol.  XC.  [2  D] 


402] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[^WltM. 


THE  population  of  the  Austrian 
Empire  consists  of  not  less 
than  five  distinct  races :  the  Ger- 
man, the  Sclavonic,  the  Magyar, 
the  Italian,  and  the  Wallochian. 
The  respective  numbers  of  these 
nations  have  been  estimated  as 
follows :  Germans,  7,285.000 ; 
Sclavunians,  17,083,000;  Magyare, 
4,800,000;  Italians,  6,183,000; 
Wallachians,  3,166,000;  to  nhom 
we  may  add,  476,000  Jens,  and 
138,000  Oipsies,  fonning  an  ag- 
gregate of  more  than  3T  mllliooB. 
The  languages  spoken  by  this 
enormous  mass  are,  of  course,  va- 
riouB,  and  they  may  be  clashed 
in  the  following  proportions:— 
German,  by  7,071,825  persons; 
Sclavonic,  by  16.455,908  ;  Ro- 
manic, by  7,817,711;  Asiatic  (in- 
cluding that  of  the  Magyars,  Ar- 
menians, Jens,  and  Zigeuner,  or 
Gipsies),  by  5.634,738.  The  dif- 
ferent states  or  countries  of  which 
the  empire  ia  composed,  are  Aus- 


tria (the  hereditary  dominions  of 
the  House  of  Hapsbnrg),  Stjria, 
Illyria,  Tyrol.  Bohemia,  Idoravia. 
and  Silesia,  which  are  all  within 
the  limits  of  the  German  Confede- 
ration. But  without  those  limits, 
and  forming  constituent  parts  of 
the  same  great  empire,  are,  Hun- 
gary, Croatia,  Sclavonia.  Transyl- 
vania, Dalmatia,  Gallicio,  and 
the  kingdom  of  Lombardy,  in- 
cluding the  Venetian  tarritory. 
Besides  these  there  is  the  Military 
Frontier,  extending  from  the  Adri- 
atic to  Gallicia,  which  nnmbeis 
1,236,466  bouIb,  amongst  whom 
German  is  the  language  most  ge- 
nerally spoken;  anditia  oalculat«d 
that  they  can  furnish  the  Govern- 
ment on  any  sudden  emergency 
with  not  less  than  46,000  well- 
disciplined  troops  *. 

We  commence  our  narrative  of 
the  important  events  which  hap- 
pened this  year  in  the  dominions  of 
Austria  with  a  few  remarks  upon 


CLXVII.    The  foHoning  lUUttical  ac- 
count   u    taken    from    the    Kijlnucha 

"  Accordinff  to  the  talMt  ettioMte* 
there  are  7,2^,000  Germaiu  in  Aiutria, 
constituting  above  oue-fiflh  of  the  entire 
population,  tlnmixed,  bonever,  and  in 
a  compact  man,  Ihe;  lire  only  in  the 
Archduchr  of  Auitria,  hi  tha  groaler 
northern  Kalf  of  Sljna,  in  a  large  part  of 
Carinthia,  in  a  imaller  part  of  Krain,  and 
in  the  greater  nonhem  pait  of  the  Tyrol, 
— ■itr^Iher  nearij'  4..W0,000  aouli. 
Other  1,^00,000  to  2,000,000  lire  on  the 
northern  and  vreatera  bordcn  of  Bohemia, 
and,  more  intannJi^lMl  trilh  Sclavoniaiu, 
in  Moravia  and  Austrian  Sileua.  In  the 
Hungarian  proTincea  there  are  1,200,000 
Germanl,  300.000  or  400.000  of  whom 
Uve  in  Tnnaylvania,  where  tbe^  are  not 
so  much  JDleraperaed  itith  fi>reign  tribes 
Bi  in  the  other  port*. 

"  The  number  of  Sdavaniini  amounts 
to  17,033,000  (above  tbree-sevenlhs  of 
the  whole  H^lation)i  7,224,000  of  them 
are    Czechs,   MoraTiani,   and    Slonk*; 


and  Oer-  3,875,000  Poles;  8,822,000  Rutbenmi 
4,605,000  IllTro-Serriana  (Croats,  Slo- 
ncnien,  and  Servians].  The  Snt-named 
tribes  inhabit  the  larger  part  of  Bohemia 
and  MoraiiB,  the  whols  of  Oalltcia,  and 
the  north  of  Kungarj,  lo  that  the  noiihem 


broad  and  u 
ni^ro- Servians  extend  in  the  south  from 
the  coasts  of  the  Adriatic  almoit  to  the 
frontien  of  Transflvania. 

"  The  Italian  population  in  Lombard; 
and  Venice,  in  South  Tyrol,  and  on  the 
coasts  of  Iliyria  and  Dalmatia,  amounts 
to  5,183,000, 

"  The  Wallachitns,  2,156.000  in  nnm. 
ber.  form  chiefly  the  population  of  Tran> 
nlvaoia,  and  of  the  eaitarn  frontian  of 
Hunaary  Proper. 

"  The  seat  of  the  Masran,  amounting 
to  4,800,000,  is  in  the  pluna  of  Middle 
Hungary  i  but  they  are  everynfaere  inler- 
aecled  by  Sclanmians  and  OertoaOB: 
part  of  Itanaylrania  is  also  iobahited  by 
them  and  by  the  Sicklen. 

"  The  number  of  Gipiiei  in  Austria 
BRUunts  to  128,000,  and  that  of  Jews  lo 
475,000." 


Atutria.] 


HISTORY. 


[403 


the  position  of  HnnsaiT.  tat  the  re- 
TolutiouB  at  Yieima  Bad  aa  intimate 
COD uectton  with  the  troubles  which 
agitated  that  portion  of  the  empire. 

From  1813  to  1835  the  Diet  of 
HungaiT  had  remained  in  a  et^te 
of  aBejonce,  and  nas  not  once 
eonrolied  during  that  interval.  At 
the  former  period  it  met  when 
Austria  vaa  crushed  under  the 
heel  of  Napoleon,  and  the  Palatine 
addressed  te  it  the  memorable 
words,  that  "  Hungary  must  once 
more  save  the  empire,  as  it  had  done 
in  1T41,  when  appealed  to  by  Maria 
Theresa."  In  IB'ii,  the  members 
again  assembled,  and  from  this 
period  we  may  date  the  commence- 
ment of  the  aggressive  attempts  of 
the  Magyar  race  to  establish  an 
ofiensive  supremacy  over  the  whole 
of  Croatia  apd  Sclaronia.  But  it 
was  not  until  1830  that  the  Diet 
determined  te  substitute  the  use  of 
the  Magyar  language  for  the  Latin 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  Scla- 
vonic population  of  Hungary.  This 
awakened  a  strong  feeling  of  re- 
action in  the  latter,  and  tiie  joint 
Diet  of  Croatia  and  Sclavouia, 
which  has  its  sittiiigs  at  Agraro, 
the  capital  of  Croatia,  and  claims 
to  be  independent  of  the  General 
Hungarian  Diet  at  PeeUi,  raised 
the  cry  of  "  Nolumut  Magyaruan ;" 
and  when  at  a  later  period  the 
Diet  at  Pesth  decreed  that  the 
Magyar  language  should  be  adopt- 
ed in  all  official  transactions,  and 
taught  in  the  public  schools,  and 
that  both  the  Diets  should  carry 
on  their  disoussiona  in  that  tengue, 
the  Croatian  Diet  at  Agram, 
which  had  hitherto  deliberated  in 
Latin,  resolved  tbeuoeforth  to  use 
the  Illyrian  language  exclusively. 

Early  in  March,  tho  Hnngarlau 
Chamber  of  Deputies  assembled 
at  Freabui^,  voted  an  address  to 


the  Emperor,  in  which  they,  with- 
out disguise,  condemned  the  sys- 
tem of  Prince  Mettemich's  policy, 
and  advised  their  monarch  "  to 
surround  his  throne  with  constitu- 
tional institutions,  in  accordance 
with  the  ideas  of  the  age."  la 
this  address  the  Chamber  of  Mag- 
nates also  concurred.  When  the 
neva  of  this  arrived  at  Vienna, 
Prince  Mettemich  at  once  pro- 
posed in  the  Supreme  Councu  of 
State  that  the  Hungarian  Parlia- 
ment should  be  dissolved ;  the  an- 
nouncement of  which  excited  lively 
dissatisfaction  in  the  capital. 

On  the  13th  of  Maroh,  the  Diet 
for  Lower  Austria  was  opened, 
and  an  address  was  resolved  upon, 
which  contained  the  following  pas- 

"  Most  Gracious  Sire  !— Tho 
people  of  Austria  will  elevate  to  the 
stars  the  Crown  which,  A«e  and 
self-conscious,  great  and  glorious, 
declares  confidence  to  be  the  real 
fortress  of  the  State,  and  harmo- 
nizes this  confidence  with  the  ideas 
of  the  age." 

To  thie  was  added  a  petition, 
which  asked  for  an  immediate  reform 
in  the  constitution  of  the  Chamber, 
and  the  liberty  for  it  forthwith  to 
consider  measures  for  increasing 
the  representation;  reparation  of 
the  finances;  and  a  general  restora- 
tion of  confidence  in  the  empire,  to- 
gether with  the  hberty  of  the  press. 

But  the  people  had  collected 
in  crowds  around  the  hall,  and  a 
body  of  persons,  consisting  chiefly 
of  students,  forced  their  way  in- 
side. They  were  followed  by  more 
of  the  mob,  and  the  Chamber  was 
filled  by  a  strange  assemblage.  A 
deputation  of  the  States  proceeded 
to  present  the  address  to  the  Em- 
peror, and  during  their  absence 
the  populace   beoune   impatient, 

[2  D  2] 


404] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.        lAMria. 


and  were  very  riotous ;  but,  when 
the  uewB  arrived  tbst  the  requests 
contained  in  the  petition  bad-been 
refosed,  a  general  destruction  of 
the  contents  of  the  Chamber  im- 
mediately commenced.  The  stu- 
dents headed  the  vork  of  violence, 
and  after  doing  all  the  mischief  in 
their  power,  the  excited  mob 
rushed  towards  the  palace,  and 
began  to  attack  some  houses  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood.  The 
troopa  noff  came  up,  and  fired  in 
platoon  upon  the  crowd,  who  bow- 
ever  ivould  not  give  way,  and  a 
fierce  conflict  took  place.  At  lost 
the  Burgher  Guard  appeared,  and 
this  piYiuuced  a  pause  m  the  strug- 
gle; but  the  whole  body  forced 
their  way  to  the  palace,  where 
they  were  met  by  the  iutelligence 
that  Prince  MettomJch  had  re- 
signed, and  that  their  demands 
would  be  granted.  This  put  a 
stop  to  the  tumult,  and  during  the 
night  the  peace  of  the  city  was 
preserved  by  the  Burgher  Guard, 
assisted  by  the  students,  to  whom 
arms  were  supplied  from  the  Arse- 
nal by  orders  of  the  Government. 
Next  morning  the  troops  of  the 
line,  to  the  number  of  about 
18,000,  were  withdrawn  beyond 
the  walls,  and  the  preservation  of 
order  was  confided  to  the  Burgher 
Guard.  The  formation  of  a  Na- 
tional Guard  was  also  decreed. 
On  the  ISth,  the  following  im- 
portant proclamation  was  issued 
by  the  Emperor. 

"By  virtue  of  our  declaration 
abolishing  the  censorship,  liberty 
of  the  press  is  allowed  in  the  form 
under  which  it  exists  in  those 
countries  which  have  hitherto  en- 
joyed it.  A  National  Guard,  esla- 
bliahed  on  the  basis  of  property 
and  intelligence,  already  performs 
the  most  beneficial  service. 


"  The  necessary  steps  have  been 
taken  for  convoking,  with  the  least 
passible  loss  of  time,  the  Deputies 
from  all  our  provincial  States,  and 
from  the  Central  Congregations  of 
the  Lombardo-Venetian  kingdom, 
(the  representation  of  the  class  of 
burghers  being  strengthened,  and 
due  regard  being  paid  to  the  exist- 
tug  provincial  constitutions,)  in 
order  that  they  may  deliberate  on 
the  constitution  which  we  have  re- 
solved to  grant  to  our  people. 

"We  tnerefore  confidently  ex- 
pect that  excited  tempers  will  be- 
come composed,  that  study  will  re- 
sume its  wonted  course,  and  thai 
industry  and  peaceful  intercourse 
will  spring  iuto  new  life." 

Prince  Metteniich  fled  from 
Vienna,  and  ultimately  took  up  his 
abode  in  England — the  great  land 
of  refuge  this  year  for  distressed 
foreigners.  A  Provisional  Council 
was  in  the  mean  time  appointed, 
consisting  of  the  following  mem- 
bers— Barons  Steifel  and  Doppel, 
and  MM.  Meyer  and  Roberto.  In 
the  midst  of  all  this  confusion  and 
excitement,  the  people  gave  a 
proof  that  the  inherent  loyalty  of 
the  Gsnnan  character  was  by  no 
means  extinct,  for  when  the  Em- 

Eeror,  surrounded  by  several  mem- 
ers  of  the  Imperial  Family,  ap- 
Gired  on  the  balcony  of  the  Court 
brary,  on  the  Josephs  PlatE, 
where  the  National  Guard  was 
drawn  up  in  ranks,  they  were  re- 
ceived with  enthusiastic  shouts. 
Suddenly  the  National  Anthem 
vms  begun,  and  the  efiect  upon  the 
assembled  multitude  was  electric. 
Tears  flowed  down  the  cheeks  of 
yonng  and  old,  and  it  seemed  as 
if  the  Crown  had  never  been  more 
endeared  to  the  people. 

I^t  OS  now  turn  our  attention  to 
Hungary,  where  important  events 


Amtru,.]                     HISTORY.  [405 

took   place.    After    the    16th  of  had  driven  Prince  Mettemich  from 

Harch  had  tritaessed  the  down-  power,  the  Emperor  appoiDted,  on 

fall  of  Prince  Metternich,  and  his  the   17th  of  Maroh,  Count  Von 

flight  firom  Vienna,  the  Bathjany-  Eolowrath.MiniBtan^Statfl, Prime 

Eosauth   MiniBtry  at  Pesth   pur-  Miniater  ad  interim:  Count  Von 

sued  a  couree  which  aimed  at  do-  Fiffuelmont  Minister  of  Foreign 

l^ing  leas  than  a  diamemberment  AfTairs ;    Baron  Von   Pillendorr, 

of  the  Empire.     I^^J  required  Supreme  Chancellor,  Minister  of 

that  there  aboald  be  a  distinct  and  the   Interior  -,   Count  Von   TafTe 

separate    admiDiatration    of    war,  Minister  of  Justice;   and   Baron 

flnance,    and    foreign    affaire  for  Von  Kubeck  Minister  of  Finance. 

Hungary.  They  obviously  in  tended  Boyalproclamatione  were  issued, 

to  r^lize  the  favourite  theory  of  in  which  liberal   measures  were 

Hungarian  independence  and  Ma-  promised;    and,   on    the   Slst  of 

gyar  sapremacy  over  the  Sclavonic  March,  an  amnesty  was  published 

part  of  the  population.      We  have  bestowing  pardon  upon  all  political 

already  shown  that  the  numerical  offenders  who  had  been  tried  for 

superiority  of  the  latter  is  great  high    treason   and    sentenced    to 

over  the  former,  and  it  was  not  yariouBtermaof  imprisonment  "in 

likely  that  they  would  tamely  sub-  the  kii^doms  of  Gallicia  and  Lo- 

mit  to  die  domination  of  a  hostile  domeria,  inclusiTO  of  the  district 

and  wedter  race.   So  long  as  Hun-  of  Cracow,  and  in  the  Lombardo- 

gary  remained  a  vaasal  of  the  Em-  Venetian  kingdom."    The  decree 

pire,  the  Croats  were  content  to  also  provided  that  persons  from 

be    governed   mediately   through  those  kingdoms  who  wero  found 

her  Diet  and  Ministers,  for  they  gnilty  of  political  crimes,  or  who 

felt   that   all  were  alike  consti-  were  accessories  to  such  crimes,  if 

tuent  elements  of  one  great  body  they  vero  confined  in  any  other 

politic.    But  the  case  was  different  province,  no  matter  where,  should 

when  Hungary  prepared  to  assert  be  liberated. 

her  independence,  and  become  a  It  may  be  interesting  to  see  the 

separate  kingdom ;  and  the  Sola-  style  and  titles  used  by  the  Em- 

vonic  multitudes  rosolved  not  to  peror  at  a  time  not  distant  from 

Buhmittotheattemptedusurpation.  the  day  when  he  was  to  become 

The  Viceroy  of  Croatia  is  called  a  fugitive  from  his  capital.  The 
Ban  or  Pan,  which  in  the  Sclavonic  declaration  of  amnesty  waa  Ibus 
dialect  signifies  Lord.  Since  the  headed: — 
resignation  of  that  office  by  Haller  "  We,  Ferdinand  I.,  by  the 
inlS4D,  the  Government  had  been  Grace  i^God,  Emperor  of  Austria, 
carried  on  1^  the  Bishop  of  Agram,  King  of  Hungary  and  Bohemia, 
who  acted  as  Viceroy  for  die  in-  the  fifth  King  of  that  name,  King 
terim ;  but  now  depntations  were  of  Lombardy  end  Venice,  of  Dai- 
Bent  from  Croatia  to  Vienna  to  be-  matio,  Croatia,  Sclavonia,  Gallicia, 
seech  t^e  Emperor  to  appoint  Lodomeria  and  lUyria,  Arcliduke 
Baron  Von  Jellachich  as  Ban.  of  Austria,  Duke  of  Lorraine,  Salz- 
The  request  was  granted,  and,  as  burg,  Styria,  Karinthia,  Kraio, 
we  shall  hereafter  see,  momentous  Upper  and  Lower  Silesia,  Prince 
consequences  followed  from  this  of  Siebenburgen,  Markgrave  of 
selection.  Mahren,  Princely  Count  of  Hapa- 

When  the  storm  of  popalar  fury  but^g  and  Tyrol,"  &c. 


406] 


ANNUAL  EEGISTEB,  1848.         [A«ari,. 


Early  in  April  was  announced  a 
programme  or  outline  of  a  new 
constitution  which  the  Emperor 
was  induced  to  promise  to  his  sub- 
jects.    It  was  as  follows : — 

"1.  All  the  provinces  are  con- 
stituted into  one  body,  with  the 
exception  of  Hungary,  Croatia, 
Bclavonia,  Siebenhurgen,  and,  for 
the  present,  the  Italian  provinces. 

"3.  The  division  of  die  empire 
ihall  remain  as  it  exists  at  present. 

•'  3.  The  person  of  the  Emperor 
is  sacred  and  inviolable. 

"  4.  The  Emperor  has  fall  power 
over  the  land  and  sea  forces,  and 
the  right  of  making  war  or  peace. 

"6.  Treaties  of  every  deBcrip- 
tion  widi  foreign  powers  can  omy 
be  made  with  the  sanction  of  the 
two  Houses  of  Parliament 

"  6.  The  attribute  of  mercy  and 
the  right  of  bestowing  rewards  be- 
long to  the  Emperor;  but  mercy 
cannot  be  extended  to  the  Minis- 
ters without  the  sanction  of  the 
Parliament. 

"  t.  The  laws  are  to  be  admi- 
nistered publicly  in  open  courts  by 
verbal  pleadings,  and  trial  to  be 
by  jury.  The  judges  will  be  ap- 
pointed for  life. 

"  8.  All  projects  of  laws  are  to 
be  proposed  as  well  as  sanctioned 
by  the  Emperor. 

"9.  The  Emperor  will  assemhle 
the  Parliament  annually,  and  he 
must  call  them  together  at  slated 
intervals.  He  has  the  right  to 
prorogue  and  dissolve  them. 

"  10.  Freedom  of  religion,  speech, 
the  press,  petition,  and  public  meet- 
ing is  granted  to  every  citizen, 
B^ject  to  future  laws. 

"  1  ] .  Entire  liberty  of  conscience 
and  religion. 

"  12.  The  free  exercise  of  reli- 
gious worship  is  accorded  to  all 
Christians  and  Jews. 

"18.  All  citizens  are  equal  in 


the  eye  of  the  law,  and  every  dti- 
zen  shall  be  tried  by  his  peers. 

"  14.  The  responsibility  of  the 
Ministers  shall  be  regulated  by 
the  Diet. 

"  16,  The  legislative  power  is 
in  the  bands  of  the  Emperor  and 
the  Diet. 

"  16.  Two  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment are  to  be  constituted.  The 
?ualifications  ibr  Members  of  the 
'pper  House  are  birth  and  large 
landed  property;  and  they  are  to 
be  nominated  by  the  Emperor. 
Members  of  the  Lower  House  are 
to  be  chosen  from  all  classes,  in 
order  that  every  interest  may  be 
represented. 

"  17.  The  two  Houses  have  the 
power  to  project  laws  and  receive 
petitions. 

"  18.  All  laws  require  the  sanc- 
tion of  both  Houses,  particularly 
those  relating  to  the  expenditure, 
taxation,  finance,  and  the  sales  of 
public  property. 

"  19.  A  law  will  be  framed  for 
the  organization  of  the  National 
Quard.  The  law  of  election  is 
only  provisional,  and  will  be  set- 
tled by  the  first  Parliament. 
Amendments  of  the  constitutiou 
can  only  be  proposed  by  the  Diet." 

The  constitution  itself  was  pro- 
mulgated on  the  25th  of  April; 
and  the  following  are  the  principal 
sections  relating  to  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Diet : — 

"34.  The  Diet,  which,  in  con- 
junction with  the  Emperor,  exer- 
cises the  legislative  power,  is  di- 
vided into  two  chambers,  th« 
Senate  and  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties. The  duralion  of  the  Diet  is 
limited  to  five  years,  and  it  is  to 
be  summoned  annually. 

"  85,  The  Senate  consists — 

"  (a)  Of  Princes  of  the  Imperial 
House  who  have  completed  their 
!)4tbyear; 


Amtria.}                         HISTORY.  [407 

"  (b)  Of  members  named  bj  the  to  a  fresh  election.     The  Goveni- 

Emperor  for  life,  without  reference  meat  nill  refuse  no  member  that 

to  rank  or  birth ;  is  elected  admissbti  into  the  Cham- 

"  (c)  Of  160  members,  who  ore  bars, 

chosen  by  the  chief  landed  pro-  "  The  Chambers  are  only  to  as- 

prietors  oat  of  their  own  body  for  semble   when   conTened   by   the 

the  whole  duration  of  each  Parlia-  Emperor." 

ment.  In  the   mean   time,    however, 

"  36.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  Count  Kolowrath  had  ceased  to  be 

oonsista  of  383  members.  Prime  Minister.    He  retired  early 

"The  election  ofall  the  members  in  April,  and  was  succeeded  by 

of  this  Chamber  is  to  be  regulated  Count  Figuelmont,  who  fermed  a 

according  to  the  population,  and  in  Ministry  under  the  auspices  of  the 

such  a  way  diat  it  may  represent  Emperor's  uncle,    the    Archduke 

all  classes  of  citizens.  John.    His  tfinure  of  office  lasted 

"37.  The  election  of  the  mem-  onlyuntil  the  &th  ofM^,nbenhe 

bers  of  both  Chambers  will  be  re-  was  displaced  by  Baron  Lebzellem, 

gulated  for  the  first  Diet  according  who,  with  his  colleagues,  resigned 

to  a  proTisional  law.  on  the  15th  of  the  same  month, 

"  38.  The  definitive  law  for  the  but  remained  for  a  short  time  pro- 

electious  will  be  determined  by  the  visionallj  in  office. 

assembled  Diet,  which  will    also  Early  in  May  the  Wakl-ordnung, 

determine  on  the  compensation  to  or  law  for  regulating  the  mode  of 

be  allowed  to  the  Deputies  to  the  elections  ta   constitute    the  first 

Second  Chamber.  Austrian    Parliament,    appeared ; 

"  39.  Each  Chamber  chooses  its  and  the  following  were  some  of  the 

President  and  other  functionaries,  most  important  provisions ; — 

and  is  alone  competent  to  examine  The  Chambers  were  to  meet  on 

into  and  decide  upon  the  validity  the  36th  of  June.     The  number  of 

of  the  elections.  the  members  of  the  Senate  were 

"40.  The    members   of    both  not  to  exceed  300,  to  consist  of 

Chambers  can  only  exercise  their  Frincee  of  the  Blood,  150  chosen 

right  of  voting  in  person,  and  are  from  and  by  the  chief  landed  pro- 

not  to  receive  instructions  from  prietora  for  the  duration  of  the 

their  constituents.  Parliament,  and  the  remainder  to 

"  41.  The  uttings  of  both  Cham-  be  nominated  by  the  Emperor  for 

bers  are  public :  an  exception  to  life.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  to 

this  can  be  made  only  bv  a  deci-  consist  of  383  members,  being  at 

aion  of  the  Chamber,  which  de-  the  rate  of  one  for  every  60,000 

radea  the  point  in  a  private  sitting,  inhabitants,  except  in  the  case  of 

by  desire  of  1 0  meoUrara  or  of  the  the  principal  towns,  which  were  to 

President.  have  a  lai^r  number  of  represent- 

"  43.    Members  are  exempted  atives  in  proportion  to  the  popu- 

tnra  pToeeoution  and  arrest  during  lation.    Thus  Vienna  would  have 

the  Bitting  of  the  Diet,  unless  the  15  members.    The  elections  to  be 

Chamber  expressly  give  its  aeaent,  indirect,  as  for  the  Frankfort  Par- 

or  a  member  is  actually  detected  liament. 

injfagrante  dtlicto.  The     right     of     suffrage     was 

"43.  A   member    who  accepts  to  appertain  to  all  Austrian  citi- 

offioe  from  the  State  has  to  submit  zens,  witbout  distinction  as  to  re- 


408]             ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [.<».lri. 

ligioa,  vho  hRil  Attained  llieir24tli  giaiice,conBpired  against  my  liberty 

year,  possessed  the  free  exercise  of  with    a   view    of   enthralling    my 

their  civil  rights,  had  been  for  six  provinces.     The    inhaLitants     of 

months  resident   in  the  electoral  these  proviocea,  and,  indeed,  all 

district,  and  were  not  entitled  to  well-meaning  citizens   of   my  ca- 

vote  in  the  election  of  members  of  pital,    must   of   necessity    resent 

the  Upper  Chamber.    Daily  and  eo   daring  an   outrage  with   nn- 

weekty   labourers,    domestic    aer-  limited  exasperation.     No  altema- 

vante,  and  persons  receiving  assia-  tive  was  left  to  me,  beyond  recnr- 

tance  from  public  charities,  were  ring   to    measures    of    violence, 

excluded  from  the  suffrage.  eioept  to  Mthdraw  for  the  moment 

To  be  eligible  as  a  deputy,  it  to  one  of  my  proviucas.     These, 

was  reqniaite  that  the  oondidato  God  be  thanked,  have  all  remained 

should  have  attained  his  80th  year,  true  to  their  Monarch." 

and  have  the  right  of  voting  for  He  added — "  I  will  not  grant 

die  election   of  membere  of  the  anything  to  the  forcible  exactions 

Upper  or  Lower  Chamber.  of  unauthorised  and  armed  indi- 

In  the  mean  time,  the  populace  viduals.       Hy    departure     from 

of  Vienna,  headed  by  the  etudenta,  Vienna  was  intended  to  impress 

were  in  reality  masters  of  the  Go-  this  upon  my  painfully  excited  peo- 

vemment,  and  the  Emperor  felt  pie,  and  likewise  to  remind  them 

that   he    was    no    longer   a   free  of  the  paternal  love  with  which  I 

agent.  am  ever  ready  to  receive  my  wms. 

The  events  that  bad  occurred,  even    though    they   be    prodigal 

and    the    revolutionary  language  ones." 

of  the  inhabitants,  determined  him  This  sudden  step  of  tho  Em- 
at  last  to  abandon  his  capital ;  and  peror  certainly  had  the  effeot  of 
on  the  evening  of  the  17th  of  May  making  the  inhabitants  of  Vienna 
he,  with  the  Empress  and  other  most  anxious  for  his  return,  and 
members  of  the  Imperial  &mily,  earnest  petitions  to  that  effect 
secretly  quitted  it.  The  pretext  were  transmitted  to  him  at  Inu- 
at  first  given  out  for  this  step  was,  spruok,  but  in  vain;  and  it  was 
that  the  health  of  the  Emperor  re-  not  until  the  8th  of  August  that 
qtured  chMige  of  air — aa  the  Mi-  Ferdinand  consented  to  quit  the 
nistry  stated  in  a  manifesto  which  safe  asylum  of  his  Tyrolese  do- 
Ihey  drew  up  that  night  when  they  miniona  and  again  take  up  his  re- 
were  "  verWly  and  most  unex-  sidence  in  Vienna, 
pectedly  informed  "  of  their  royal  In  the  mean  time  national  anti- 
master's  fiight.  The  Emperor  pathies  between  the  Germui  and 
proceeded  to  Innspruck,  in  the  Sclavonic  races  had  broken  ont 
Tyrol,  and  from  that  city  he  ssnt  into  open  hostilities  in  Bohemia, 
forth  a  proclamation  to  the  Aus-  Early  in  March  a  meeting  had 
trian  people,  in  which  he  said —  been  held  at  Prague,  for  tlw  pur- 

"  The  events  which  took  place  pose  of  petitioning  the  Austrian 

at  Vienna  forced  the  painful  con-  Goveniment  to  grant  certain  de- 

viction    upon    me    that    factious  manda  upon  which  both  the  Czechs 

rioters,  assisted  by  the  Academical  and  Germans  were  agreed.    They 

Legion  and  part  of  the  National  were  principally  these: — political 

Guard,  misled  by  foreigners,  and  equality  of  the  two  races  (Czech 

unmindful  of  their  wonted  alle-  or  Solavonio  and  German);  obliga- 


AiMTvi.]                    HISTORY.  [409 

tion  on  a]t  public  functitntaries  to  Slat  of  May,  in  order  to  determine 
speak  both  lauguageB ;  union  of  upon  the  measuies  neceBsary  lo 
Bohemia,  Moravia,  and  Silesia,  protect  Sclavonic  iudependence 
guaranteed  by  a  Diet  nhioh  was  against  the  aggreBsive  attempU  of 
to  meet  alternately  at  Pragne  and  Teutonic  snpremai^. 
Bnum ;  representative  ana  muni-  Two  days  before  this  Assembly 
cipal  reform ;  liberty  of  the  met.  Count  Leo  Tbmi  and  the  other 
prees ;  publicity  of  proceedings  in  leaders  of  the  Czechs  at  Prague 
comrts  of  joaiice ;  arming  of  the  determined  to  establish  a  Pro- 
people  ;  suppression  of  feudal  visional  Qovemment  there,  which 
seigaories  and  jurisdictions  ;  secu-  should  be  independent  of  the  Go- 
rity  for  personal  liberty;  iuipar-  vemment  at  Vienna.  Accordiugly, 
tielity  in  the  demands  of  military  eight  of  the  most  conspicuous  mem- 
service  ;  and  equality  of  all  reli-  bers  of  that  party  were  chosen  and 
gious  sects.  invested  with  the  direction  of  af- 
After  considerable  delay,  the  fairs,  and  two  of  the  number  left 
whcde  of  these  demands  were,  on  Prague  for  Innspruck,  in  order  to 
the  8th  of  April,  granted  by  a  obtain  the  formal  sanction  of  tlie 
royal  reeoript  of  the  Emperor,  and  Emperor  to  their  proceedings, 
the  young  Archduke  Francis  Jo-  In  the  mean  time  the  Smvonie 
eeph,  the  nephew  of  Ferdinand  population  of  the  south  had  not 
findheir|ire8nmptiveof  the  throne,  beenidle;  and,  on  the  30th  of  May, 
was  nommated  Viceroy  of  the  king'  Jellacbich,  the  Ban  of  Croatia, 
dom  of  Bohemia.  despatched  from  Agram  a  letter  to 
-  The  effect  of  this  concession.  Count  Leo  Thun,  in  which  he  an- 
however,  was  very  different  from  nounced  that  a  Diet  had  been  con- 
what  bad  been  anticipated.  Hither-  Teoed  to  meet  there  on  the  5th  of 
lo  the  German  element  of  the  June,  for  the  triple  kingdom  of 
popnlBtion.  though  numerically  Dalmatie,  Croatia,  and  ^lavonis, 
mferior  in  the  proportion  of  and  he  invited  the  Aostro-SdaTonic 
1,830,000  to  2,558,000,  had  been  countries  to  send  depaties  to  this 
the  <h>minsnt  body;  but  now,  in  Congress  or  Diet  of  the  "Croatish- 
consequence  of  the  new  constita*  Sclavonic  nation." 
^n  granted  at  their  own  request.  In  obedience  to  the  summone 
they  found  themselves  in  a  posi-  issued  by  the  Czechs  of  Prague, 
tion  of  disadvantage.  They  had  three  hundred  deputies  from  the 
despised  the  Sclavonic  race  too  different  Sclavonic  States  metthere 
much  to  take  the  trouble  to  acquire  on  the  3nd  of  June,  when  the  Con- 
a  knowledge  of  their  language,  and  gross  was  formally  opened,  Their 
owing  to  the  provision  which  re-  first  act  was  to  frame  and  publish 
quired  all  public  officers  to  speak  a  manifesto  to  the  whole  of  Europe, 
both  tongues,  they  were  suddenly  in  which  they  declared  that  their 
incapacitated  for  state  employ-  object  vras  to  claim  and  assert  full 
ments,  and  the  Czechs  became  at  justice  for  the  whole  Sclavonic 
once  the  powerful  and  dominant  fomily ;  and  to  effect  this  they  de- 
party.  Count  Leo  Thun  was  rmnded  that  a  great  European 
elected  by  the  latter  as  Buigrave  Congress  should  meet,  and  settle 
of  Prague,  and  it  was  resolved  to  the  various  conflicting  interests  ik 
oonv<^e  &  great  Paasdavonic  Con-  the  Slatee  in  which  Sclaves  formed 
gress,  to  meet  at  Prague  on  the  part  of   the  population.    But  a 


410]           ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  \AMria. 

Bterner  arbitrament  was  at  liand.  of  Prague,  and  the  uunrrection  waa 
The  Viennese  ministry  refused  to  put  down.  The  Sclavonic  Congress 
reot^nise  the  FroTisional  Gorem-  was  of  couiae  at  once  dissolved, 
ment  e^  Pr^ue,  and  declared  that  and  the  reTolutionary  Government 
its  constitution  mu  illegal,  and  its  overthrown. 
acta  void.  At  this  time  tne  Austrian  We  have  mentioned  the  inten- 
Goveraor  of  Prague  was  Prince  tion  of  the  Ban  of  Croatia  to  hold 
Wiudischgratz  (a  hneal  descendant  a  Solavonio  Diet  at  Agram  on  the 
of  ^e  great  Walleustein),  and  he  5th  of  June,  bat  before  that  day 
took  active  measnrea  to  prepare  for  arrived  the  Austrian  Government 
the  struggle  which  he  saw  approach-  declared  that  the  meeting  would 
ing.  On  the  Iftth  of  June  a  public  be  illegal,  and  the  Ban  himself 
meetii^  of  the  Czechs  was  held,  to  was  summoned  by  the  Emperor  to 
protest  against  the  removal  of  ar-  meet  him  at  Innspruck,  and  give 
tillery  to  points  where  it  could  be  an  account  of  bis  conduct  He  re- 
directed against  the  city.  Atumult  fused  to  obey  this  oommand,  and 
ensued,  and  the  crowd  rushed  to  the  Diet  was  held  in  de&anca  of 
the  bouse  of  Prince  WindischgratK,  the  imperial  prohibition.  Jella- 
where  tiiey  gave  vent  to  their  feel-  ohich  was  there  formally  invested 
ings  of  halted  by  abusive  cries,  by  tto  authority  with  the  office  of 
The  rioters  were  ordered  to  die-  Ban,  which  he  had  hitherto  held 
peree,  but  tiiey  refused  to  quit  the  under  the  grant  of  the  Emperor, 

Elaoe,  and  some  shots  were  fired  and  an   oath  of  office  was  admi- 

y  the  mob,  one  of  which,  iium  a  nistered  to  him  by  the  Greek  Bi- 

r^e,  by    a    melancholy    latality,  shop  of  Carlowitz.    When  intelli- 

killed  the  Princess  Wiudischgratz,  gence  of  his  oontumadous  conduct 

who  was  in  an  apartment  of  the  reached  Innspruck,  the  Emperor 

house.    The  bereaved  husband  im-  denounced  him  as  a  rebel,  and  by 

mediately  came  forward,  and  ex-  a  royal  decree  he  was  divested  of 

postulated  with  the  crowd  in  mild  all  his  titles  and    offices.      The 

and  dignified  language,  but  in  vain;  Croats  were  at  once  treated  aa 

at  last  an  attempt  was  made  to  seize  rebels,  and  the  Austrian  Marshal 

him,  but  the  soldiers  promptly  in-  Eraboweky   commenced    a   cam- 

teifered,  and  a  general  fight  be-  paign   against   them.     He   took 

tween  them  and  ue  populace  com-  Carlowitz    in    the    beginning    of 

menced.    The  contest  raosd  with  June,  after  a  severe  bombardment, 

fiiry  until  the  evenin;;  of  the  I4th,  which   reduced  the  city  to  ruins, 

whenCountMensdorffarriTedfrom  and   shortly    afterwards    Neusatx 

Vienna,  and  assumed  the  command  Burrendered,  to  eacape  a  similar 

of  the  troops.     This  produced  no  fate. 

cassation  of  the  struggle,  and  on  But  the  hostility  of  Jellaohich 

the    following   day  the   military  and  his  Croatian  followers  Vras  dt- 

quitted  the  town,  and,  taking  up  a  rected    not  against   Austria,   bat 

position  in  the  heights,  began  to  Hungary,    and    they    were    quite 

bombard   it  with  cannon.     Even  ready  to  acknowledge  the  imperial 

then  the  infuriated  Czechs  refused  audiori^,  provided  that  thu  did 

to  yield;  and  it  was  not  until  the  not  entail  upon  them  sutgection  to 

evening  of  the  17th,  when  a  great  Hungarian  rule.     Early  in  July 

part  of  the  city  had  been  destroyed,  the  Ban  proceeded  to  Innspruck, 

that  the  troops  gained  possession  and  there  bad  an  interview  with 


AMTla.:                    HISTORY.  [411 

hifl  royal  niAster.  The  result  was,  jesty  "  our  Smperor  and  King," 
tliat  Uie  Emperor  was  Batiafied  of  but  also  the  freeneople  of  Austria 
bis  fidelity  to  the  throne,  and  at-  and  the  nations  of  Eocope. 
tempts  were  now  made  to  reconcile  On  the  6th  of  July,  the  Him- 
the  differences  that  existed  be-  garisn  Diet  vas  opened  by  the 
tween  the  Croats  and  the  Hunga-  Archduke  Palatine  Stephen  at 
rians.  Ultimately  a  meeting  took  Pesth,  and  in  the  speech  whidi  he 
place  at  Vienna,  between  Jellachich  delirered  the  insurrection  of  the 
and  Count  Bathyany,  as  represent-  Croats  was  thus  spoken  of: — 
ing  the  Hungarian  Goramment,  "In  the  name  of  our  beloved 
with  the  view  of  adjusting  the  dis-  King,  Ferdinand  V.,  I  open  this 
pnte;  but  no  good  result  followed.  Diet,  for  the  present  condition  of 
and,  aft«r  each  had  refused  to  make  our  country,  especially  the  dic- 
nich  concessions  as  were  required  tuTbancea  in  Croatia,  on  the  Lower 
by  the  other  side,  the  represents-  Danube,  and  the  Sdaronian  fron- 
tives  of  the  two  races  parted  in  tiers,  makes  an  immediate  opening 
anger,  and.  with  expTessions  of  mu-  of  the  Diet  necessary.  His  Ua- 
tu&l  hostitity,  to  determine  the  jeaty  wishes  for  a  general  restoi^ 
quarrel  by  the  sword.  On  his  re-  ation  of  peace  end  order.  There 
turn  to  Aeram  the  Ban  published,  is  reason  to  hope  that  the  flnaocial 
on  the  6th  of  August,  a  manifesto  questions  will  be  definitively  and 
to  his  countiymen,  in  which  he  beneflciallr  settled  by  s  sanes  of 
stated  that  during  his  stay  at  Vi-  laws  which  the  Ministry  propose 
enna  the  Archduke  John  had  pro-  to  submit  to  the  Assembly.  His 
posed  to  mediate  between  him  and  Majee^  has  been  grieved  to  leam 
the  Magyar  party,  and  that  his  de-  that  quiet  and  order  have  been  dis- 
mands  were  limited  to  asking  for  turbed  in  several  of  his  countries, 
the  fusion  of  the  war,  financial,  and  at  the  very  time  that  Hb  Majesty, 
foreign  departments  with  the  admi-  with  paternal  care,  has  fulfilled  ul 
nistration  of  the  whole  monarchy ;  wishes  for  the  happiness  of  his 
to  the  security  and  equality  of  rights  people.  Malevolent  individuals, 
of  the  Sclavonic  nationality  and  byfomentingnatianal  and  religious 
language  in  the  administration  of  discords  in  Croatia,  have  caus^  an 
afiairs,  and  at  the  common  Diet  of  open  resistance  to  the  laws  and 
Hungary ;  and  to  the  satis&cUon  of  orders  of  His  M^esty,  and  they  have 
the  wishes  and  claims  of  the  Ser-  even  dared  to  take  His  Muestr 
Tian  nation  in  Hungary.  He  and  the  members  of  the  Royu 
added,  that  neither  the  Archduke  Family  as  a  pretest  and  authority 
John  nor  the  Hungarian  Premier  for  their  lawless  endeavours- 
was  allowed  bjthe  adverse  party  "His  M^esty  scorns  such  in> 
to  listen  to  these  demands,  and  sinuations;  the  King  and  bis  Boyal 
that  the  Archduke's  departure  from  Family  will  at  all  times  respect  the 
Vienna  put  an  end  to  the  attempted  laws  and  protect  tiie  bberties 
mediation.  He  add  that  the  Groa-  granted  to  his  people." 
tiana  must  now  wait  for  the  deci-  Not  long  previously,  the  Diet 
sionoftfaeHungarianDietontheir  of  Transylvania  met,  and  imme- 
ftftintotum,  and  rely  on  their  own  diately  came  to  a  vote  decreeing 
strength  and  unity,  and  on  the  the  union  of  that  province  with  the 
justice  of  their  cause,  which  was  kingdom  of  Hungry,  and  the  sup 
flcknowle^dnotonlybyHisMft-  render  without  reserve  of  their 


412]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.  [Amri^. 

own  independent  rights.  By  this  rivet  the  chains  of  their  old  Blaves 
important  step  the  strength  of  the  the  Magyars,  an  undisciplined  and 
MagyarinhahiUintsofHungaty^'as  rebellious  race.  0!  my  fellow 
hKreaeed  by  the  accession  of  a  mil-  citizens,  it  is  thus  that  tyianto 
lionandahalf  of  men;  andthetwo  have  ever  designated  freemen, 
races  there,  animated  by  feelings  You  are  alone,  I  repeat.  Are  you 
of  bitter  hostility  towards  each  ready  and  willing  to  fight?" 
other,  prepared  for  the  inevitable  The  debate  on  the  Address  in 
struggle  which  was  approaching,  the  Hungarian  Chamber  did  not 
The  Hungarian  Minister,  Kossuth,  terminate  before  the  end  of  July, 
stated  in  the  Diet,  as  a  reason  for  when  the  Diet  made  the  following 
not  sending  a  contingent  of  troops  profession  of  loyalty  and  devotion 
into  Italy  in  order  to  support  to  the  Imperial  crown : — 
Radettiky  in  the  war  which  ho  was  "  If  malevolent  rebels  are  fonnd 
cartying  on  asiiinst  the  Piedmon-  in  the  annexed  parts  and  in  the 
tese  and  revolted  Lombards,  the  loner  regions  of  the  Dauube,  who 
fear  that  in  that  ease  the  Croat  carried  tJieir  rebellion  to  the  cul- 
regiments  serving  there  irould  im-  pable  extreme  of  spreading  a  ru- 
mediately  return  to  their  own  coun-  mour  that  their  crimes  were  corn- 
try  and  join  Jellachich  in  an  in-  mitted  for  your  Mnjeaty's  interesta 
vasion  of  Hungary.  But  at  the  and  the  interests  of  your  Royal 
same  time  the  Italian  war  was  House,  and  with  the  knowle^  of 
made  a  pretext  for  rusing  r^-  your  M^esty  and  of  that  aoyel 
ments  in  the  name  of  the  Em-  House,  we  entreat  your  Mtgosty 
peror,  which  were  destined  to  he  to  he  convinced  that  assertions  like 
employed,  not  in  the  service  of  these  could  only  increase  the  loyalty 
Austria  agtunst  the  Italians,  but  of  your  faithful  Hnngaiians,  for 
in  the  impending  stn^gle  against  these  calumnies  of  the  exasperated 
the  Croats.  The  view  taken  by  traitors  have  inflicted  a  more  pain- 
the  Hungarian  Ministers  of  the  ful  wound  on  the  feehngs  ot  the 
poeition  of  their  country  at  this  natbn  than  even  the  faithless  re- 
crisis,  is  Kve&led  in  the  following  hellion  which  put  them  forth.  The 
speech,  addressed  by  Eossnth  to  nation  has  understood  with  regret 
toe  Diet  on  the  1  Ith  of  July:-—  that  it  has  not  been  possible  to 
"Do  not  deceive  yourselves,  end  the  war  in  the  Lombardo- 
Citizens,"  he  said,  "  the  Magyars  Venetian  kingdom,  where  the 
stand  alone  in  the  world  against  troops  of  the  Sardinian  King,  and 
the  conspiracy  of  the  sovereigns  those  of  some  other  Italian  Powers, 
and  nations  which  sarround  them;  haveattackedyourM^jesty'sforces. 
the  Emperor  of  Russia  besets  us  And  as  genuine  as  our  homage,  so 
through  the  principalities;  and  earnest  is  our  wish  to  see  this 
everywhere,  even  in  Servia,  we  de-  question  solved  in  a  manner  at 
tect  his  hand  and  gold.  In  the  once  satisiactory  to  the  dignity  of 
nor^,  the  armed  bands  of  Sclavea  the  throne  and  to  justice  and  nght 
are  endeavouring  to  join  the  rebels  on  either  side.  As  soon  as  order 
of  Croatia,  and  are  preparing  to  and  peaoe  shall  be  restored  to  our 
march  agunst  ns.  In  Vienna,  the  country,  we  will  readily  offer  oor 
courtiers  and  statesmen  are  cal-  hand  to  your  Majesty  for  the  pur- 
culating  the  advent  of  the  day  pose  of  effecting  a  peaceable  under- 
when  they  shall  be  able  again  to  standing,   which  answers  to    the 


Amtnu.}                       H  I  S  T  O  E  y.                           [418 

dignity  of  the  throne  on  the  one  to  support  the  most  importaat  ia- 

hand,  and  the  constitutional  liberty  tarests  of  the  State.    The  bene- 

of  the  Italian  nation  and  their  juat  volent  desire  to  t«nniiiat«  pacifi- 

claims  on  the  other."  aHlj  unhappy  dissensions  having 

On  the  23nd  of  Jul;,  the  Con-  been  nithout  effect,  it  has  become 
Btituent  Assembly,    or    Diet,    of  the  task  of  our  brave  army  to  coo- 
Austria,  was  opened  at  Vienna  by  quer  an  honourable  peace." 
the  Archduke  John,  who  thus  ad-  On  the  8th  of  August,  the  Em- 
dressed  the  Assembly : —  peror  left  Inuspnick  to  return  to 

"  Charged  by  His  Majesty,  our  Vienna,  where  he  arrived  on  the 

constitutional  Emperor,  with  the  l^th.    He  was  received  wit^  the 

opening  of  the  Diet,  I  come  to  greatest  enthusiasm,  aud,  vhen  he 

perform  this  agreeable  duty,  and  left  the  vessel  which  conveyed  him 

salute  you  all  ^m  my  heart — you,  from  Stein  down  the  Danube  to 

gentlemen,  who  are  called  upon  to  his  capital,  bands  of  glrla  strewed 

nish  the  work  of  the  revival  of  flowers  along  the  way  as  he  walked 

the  country.     The  consolidation  of  from  the  pier  to  his  carriage.   The 

the  liberty  we  have  conquered,  and  Members  of  the   Diet  filled  the 

our  future  well-being  require  your  great  saloon  of  the  palace,  and 

frank  and  independent  co-opera-  when  the  Emperor  entered  be  was 

don  lor  the  establishment  of  the  addressed  by  the  President  in  a 

constitution.    All  the  nationalities  complimentaiy  speech,  in  which  lie 

of   the   Austrian   monarchy   are  said  :— 

equally  uear   the  heart  of   His  , 

Majesty,  and  all  interests  find  a  '  """'• 

solid  basis  in  the  free  fraUmization  "In  the  name  of  the  Diet,  in 

of  the  nationalities  in  equality  of  the  name  of  the  free  peoples  of 

the  rights  of  all,  and  in  the  close  Austria,  whom  that  Diet  repre- 

union  of  Germany.    The  heart  of  sents,   I  welcome    your   Mt^esty 

His    MiLJesty    has    been    deeply  back  to  the  balb  of  your  ancestru 

aEBicted  by  seeing  that  the  pleni-  palace,  as  Hie  wisbed-for  severe^ 

tude  of  all  the  advantages  which  of  the  constitutional  reoi^anization 

liberal    institutions  wisely  admi-  of  our  country.    The  acclamations 

nistered  ordinarily  insure  cannot  of  your  faithful  people  at  the  happy 

be  at  once  granted.     Hie  M^esty  arrival  of  their  bdoved  Emperor 

partakes  with  a  lively  sympathy  in  announce  the  contemporaneous  re- 

all  tlie  sufferings  of  his  people,  turn  of  confidence  and  courage. 

As    concerns    Hungary   and    the  and  of  order  and  quiet,  the  firm 

neighbouring  countries,  we  are  per-  foundations  of  a  new-born  proa- 

mitted  to  expect,  from  the  gene-  parity.    The  Diet,  representing  aa 

rosity  uid  spirit  of  justice  of  the  it  does  a  free  people  in  a  consti- 

people,  a  pacific  and  satisfactory  tutional  monarchy,  consider  it  tbeir 

settlement  of  the  questions  which  duty  to  preserve  not  only  their 

remain  to  be  solfed.    The  war  in  own  dignity,  but  also  the  sanott^ 

Italy  is  not  directed  against  the  and  inviolability  of  the  constitu- 

libertiee  of  the  people  of  that  coun-  tional    throne.      Your    M^eaty's 

try — ita  real  abject  is  to  maintain  return  to  this   city,   where  your 

the  honour  of  the  Austrian  arms  people's  r^iesentatives  are  nowiu 

in  presence  of  the  Italian  powers.  Parliament  assembled,  is  a  goaran- 

recognistng  their  nationality,  and  tee  that   the  constitution  wbicb 


414]            ANNUAL  REQTSTER,  1848.  [Amria. 

emanated  from  the  heart  of  the  to  o[q(K»o  the  Croats  on  the  fron- 

noblest  Auatriaa  Empemr  vill  be  tier,  being  themeelves  composed 

Btr^igthened  by  the  concurrence  prinoipally  of  Solaves,  refused  to 

of  the  coQstitutioDal  throne.    May  act  against  them.    The  Diet  de- 

our    Emperor'a    benevoleuoe,    so  creed  on  issue  of  paper  money  U> 

eager    for    the    peoples'   welfare,  support  the  expenses  of  the  war, 

descend  as  a  sacred  heirloom  to  all  but  this  act  of  theirs  was  diaal- 

fntoro  members  of  the  Imperial  lowed  by   the  Imperial   Govem- 

family."  ment.    On  the  0th  of  September, 

6ucb  flattery  would,  no  doubt,  Kossuth,  who  was  so  weakened  by 
have  been  grateful  to  the  Imperial  illness  that  he  was  obliged  to  be 
ear,  if  there  had  been  behef  in  its  carried  into  tbe  hall  of  the  Diet 
aiocerity ;  but  the  monarch  was  at  Peeth,  reoommended  that  a  de- 
not  likely  to  foroet  the  precarious  putation  should  be  sent  to  the 
nature  of  popularity  at  such  a  Kmperor,  at  Vienna,  in  order  that 
juncture,  and  events  soon  showed  the  emergency  of  the  situation  of 
how  little  be  could  rely  upon  the  affaire  might  be  laid  before  him. 
attachment  of  the  citizens  of  AocordlngTy  a  lai^  body  of  Hun- 
Vienna  or  the  loyalty  of  the  Diet,  garian  magnates  and  deputies  pro- 
Next  day,  however,  Ferdinand  oeededto  the  Austrian  capital,  and 
issued  a  proclamation,  in  which  he  had  an  interriew  with  the  Em- 
thanked  his  "faithful  Viennese"  peror  at  his  palace  of  Schonbrunn. 
for  these  "  proofs  of  their  unalter-  In  their  address  to  him  they  said, 
able  love,"  and  said  ; —  "  It  is  in  the  name  of  that  fidelity 

"Go-operating  with  the  repre-  we  have  shown  for  centuries  to 

sentatives  you  have  elected,  and  your  ancestors  that  we  now  come 

assisted  by  my  responsible  ooun-  to  demand  of  you  the  maintenance 

sellofB,  I  hope  to  succeed  in  com-  of  tbe  rights  of  the  kingdom.    Hun- 

pleling  tbe  arduous  task  Providence  gary  has  net  been  united  to  your 

has  aaeigaed  me,  namely,  the  re-  crown  as  a  conquered  province,  but 

construction  of  the  Government  of  as  a  free  nation,  whose  prwileges 

the  country  on  the  basis  of  a  re-  and  independence  have  been  in- 

preeentative  oonstitution."  sured  by  your  Mi^eslj's  ooronation 

We  can  give  only  a  brief  and    oath The  wishes  of  the 

rapid  narrative  of  the  contest  that  people  have  been  satisfied  by  the 
now  took  place  between  the  Sola-  taws  euscted  by  the  last  Diet ; 
vonio  and  Magyar  foroea  in  Hiuv-  why  are  the  rights  of  the  natim 
gary,  where  war  was  carried  on  menaced  by  an  insurrection,  tbe 
with  circumatancea  of  savage  fero-  leaders  of  which  declare  openly 
eity  on  both  aides.  Early  in  Au-  that  they  are  in  arms  on  your  Ma- 
gust  the  Croatian  troops  entered  jesty's  behalf?  Whilst  Uie  blood 
the  Comitat  of  Toronta,  and  laid  of  Hungary  is  Bowing  in  Italy  in 
alege  to  Grand-Beeekerek,  one  of  defence  of  the  Austrian  monarchy, 
ibe  meet  important  cities  of  Hun-  one  portion  of  her  children  is  per- 
gaiy.  The  country  on  the  Lower  Odiously  excited  against  the  other, 
Theias  and  the  Danubs,  a  district  andcastsofftheobedienceduetotbe 
so  fertile  in  com  as  to  be  called  legal  Government  of  the  country, 
the  granary  of  Hungary,  was  laid  Insurrection  threatens  our  fron- 
WBSte  by  hostile  bands,  and  some  tiers,  and,  under  the  pretence  of 
-t  the  re^ments  which  weie  sent  upholding   your  authority,  it   is 


AMria.-\                    HISTORY.  [416 

Botually  assailisa  the  imtegritjr  of  usistaiice,    and  on  the   ITtU  of 

the  kingdon,  and  our  ancient  and  September  the  Diet  voted  that  a 

new  Uberties.  ....  It  ia  is  the  deputation  of  twenty-five  Membera 

name  of  the  people  we  coll  on  your  should  proceed  forthwith  to  Vi- 

M^eatf  to  Older  the  Husgarisn  enntt,  tuid  apply  directly  to  the 

reoimanta  (o  obey  the  Hunfjarian  National  Aasembly  for  aid  in  the 

Idinietiy,  without  reserve  and  not^  atruggle  in  which  they  were  eo- 

witfastandins  all  other  orders.    We  gaged  against  the  Croats.     In  the 

desire  that  Croatia  be  freed  from  mean  time  the  Kossuth  Miniatry, 

military  despotism,  it  order  that  which  advocated  a  lesa  ^ifio  po- 

it  may  nnite  fraternollj  with  Hun-  licy,  resigned,  and  Count  Bathyany 

gary.      Finally,  we  demand  that  attempted  to  form  one  of  a  more 

your  Majea^,  discarding  the  reao-  moderate  chuacter.  But  the  emer- 

tionaiy  counaels  of   those  about  geuoy  was  great:  Jellaofaich  had 

you,  give  yonr  immediate  sanction  crossed  the  Drave,  and  marching 

to  all  the  measures  voted  by  the  rapidly  across  Southern  Hungary, 

Diet,  and  come   and    reside   in  where  he  met  with  no  opposition, 

Pesth  among  your  people,  where  had     reached    Btuhlweisstaiberg, 

yonr  royal  presence  is  necessary  to  within  a  short  distance  from  the 

save  the  country.    Let  yonr  Mar  capital.    He  had,  when  he  crossed 

jesty  hasten.    The  least  delay  may  the  frontier,  issued  a  proclamation, 

occasion  indesoribable  calamities."  in  which  he  said — "It  is  in  vain 

The  Emperor  replied  that  the  to  call  by  the  name  of  revolt  or 

atate  of  his  health  would  not  allow  treason  a  proceeding  which  is  in- 

faim  to  go  to  Pesth.     He  said  that  spired  only  by  pure  love  of  country 

he  would  reconsider  the  question  and  fidelity  to  our  King.    And  let 

of  the  issue  of  paper  money,  al-  it  not  be  feared  that  I  wish  to  re- 

though  his  opinion  was  against  it,  tract  any   of  the  ooncessions  or 

and  that  he  had  already  published  privileges  lately  accorded  by  the 

a  manifealo  to  the  Ban  of  Croatia  royal  word  to  the  Hiuigarian  na- 

for  the  purpose,   if  possible,  of  tion.    All  that  has  been  done  le- 

briuging  about  an  amicable  eettle-  gaily  shall  be  upheld :  it  is  not  an 

meut  of  (he  quarrel.  enemy  who  invades  the  plains  of 

This  answer  was  received  by  the  Hungary ;  it  is  a  friend  wno  comes 

deputation  in  moody  silence,  and  to  the  aid  of  the  loyal  aulgecta  of 

the  members,  when  they  left  Vi-  the  couatitutional  King.   They  will 

enna    and    went    on    board    the  hold  out  to  me  the  hand  of  bro- 

■teamer  which  was  to  convey  them  therbood,  and,  with  God's  aid,  we 

to  Pesth,  hoisted  a  red  flag  as  will  deliver  the  country  from  the 

their  ensign,    and   tearing    from  yoke  of  an  incapable,  odious,  and 

their  caps  the  united  colours  of  rebel  Government." 

Austria    and    Hungary,   replaced  About  the  same  time  the  news 

them  with  red  feathere.     On  their  arrived  at  Pesth  that  the  National 

arrival  at  Pesth  with  the  news  Assembly  at  Vienna  bad,  by  a  ma- 

of   their   reception,  the  feelings  jority  of  180  votes  to  108,  refused 

of  the  populaice   were    those   of  to  receive  the  Hungarian  deputa- 

deep  resentment,  and  violent  Ian-  tion.     Stun^  by  the  afi'ront,  the 

guage    was   used    in    the    Diet.  Diet  immeduttely  resolved  to  keep 

It    vras,    however,     resolved    to  no  measures  with  Austria,  and  they 

make  another  appeal  for  Austrian  invented  KoesuUi  with  full  dicta- 


416]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.         [Auttria. 

torial    powers.      Upon    this    the  that  he  placed  under  (he  command 

Archduke  Palatine,  on  the  SBth  of  the  Ban  of  Croatia,  Sdavonia, 

of  September,   quitted  the   king-  and   Oalmatia,   Lieutenant-Field- 

dom,  and,  resismn^  his  high  office,  Marshal  Baron  Joseph  Jellachich, 

retired  into  Moravia.  all  the  troops  in  Hungary  and  tha 

The    Emperor   now  appointed  adjoining  lands.     The  edict  then 

Count  Lamberg  generalissimo  of  proceeded  as  follows  : — 
all  the  fbrcea  in  Hungary,  with        "  Until  peace  be  restored,  mai^ 

power  to  act  as  the  viceroy  of  that  tial  law  is  declared  in  Hungary, 

kingdom,  in  the  vun  hope  that  Our  Ban  of   Croatia,   Solavooia, 

he  might  thereby  be  able  "  to  re-  and  Halmatia  is  hereby  appointed 

estabhsh  the  peace  and  freedom  of  Commtssaty  PlenifKitenliary  of  our 

all  hia  subjecu  in  Hungarr,  toge-  Royal  Miyesty,  with  full  and  nn- 

ther  with  the  rights  of  the  Crown."  limited  powers,  that  he  may  act  as 

The  result  was  most  deplorable,  circumstances  may  require,  as  the 

Count  Lambeig  arrifed  at  Pesth  repreeentatiTe  of  our  royal  per- 

withont  any  military  escort  on  the  son." 

39th  of  September.  The  Diet  bad        At  the  same  time  it  was  de- 

previously  resolved  that  his  com-  clared,  by  another  proclamation, 

mission  was  illegal,  as  it  had  not  that  the  Hungarian  Diet  was  dia- 

been    countersigned  by  any  mi-  solved,  and  that  all  the  acta  done 

nister,  and   denounced   all    who  b;  it  without  the  sanction  of  the 

obeyed    him   as    guilty   of   high  Emperor  were  void, 
treason.    When  he  reached  Pesth        The  publication  of  these  edicta 

he  was  attacked  by  the  mob,  and  caused  great   excitement   at  Vi- 

fled  for  refuge  to  the  Diet,  but  he  enna ;  and  it  soon  appeared  that 

was  stopped  on  the  bridge  and  thespiritofdisaflectionhadreachod 

barbarously  murdered  by  the  in-  the  ranks  of  the  army.     On  the 

furiated  populace.  morning  of  the  6th  of  October  the 

The  news  of  this  catastrophe  Grenadier  Guards  were  ordered  to 
filled  the  Court  and  Cabinet  of  march  and  join  the  troops  em- 
Vienna  wilh  horror,  and  tlieir  ployed  a^inst  the  Hungarians, 
course  of  policy  wea  at  once  They  did  not  openly  refuse  to  quit 
changed.  Jellachich,  whom  they  their  barracks,  hut,  being  fore- 
had  profitted  hitherto  to  treat  as  warned  of  their  march  and  its  ob- 
contUEoacious,  if  not  actually  a  ject,  they  had  communicated  with 
rebel ",  was  now  looked  upon  as  the  the  corps  of  National  Guards  of 
champion  of  the  Austrian  cause  in  the  suburb  of  Gumpendorf,  in 
Hungary;  and  by  an  Imperial  de-  which  their  barracks  were  situate, 
cree,  dated  the  3rd  of  October,  it  and  with  the  Academical  Legion, 
was  announced  by  the  Emperor  from  both  of  which  they  received  a 
promise  that  measures  would  be 

•  It  ibould  be  meniioDed  that,  on  die  taken  to  prevent  their  departure. 
90di  of  September,  leltcn,  which  had  been  a„„„/„„i„  „,i„„„  .i5rr„„_, 

iHtereepieabj  ihe  Hung.rl»M,  were  pub-  .    Accordingly,  early  on  that  mora- 

Vuhed  at  Vienna,  from  which  it  appeared  ">g  a   Small  number  of  National 

that  a  trcacherdui  undentanding  bad  ex-  Guards,    accompanied     by     some 

iaied  between  the  Augtrian  Court  and  Jel-  members  of  the  Academic  Legion, 

been  pecretlj  lupiljinB  bito  with  money.  Northern  Railway  and  broke  up  a 

Such  lortuoui  policj  £*erved  diauler.  portion  of  the  line,    in   order  to 


Jtutria.-]                   HISTORY.  [417 

prevent  the  departure  of  the  Gre-  The  insurgents  then  manhed 

nsdieTB.    When  the  two  battalions  from  the  suburbs  into  the   tovn, 

arrived  at  the  etatdon,  and  their  where  they  placed  their  guns  in 

officcTB  perceived  the  work  of  de-  the    middle    of    the    Univereitj 

stmcdon  on  the  line,  they  ordered  Square.    The  gates  of  the  town 

the  troops  to  proceed  on  foot  to  were  guarded  by  detachcuents  of 

Ganeemdorf.     By  t^s  time  the  students    and   National    Guards, 

Kational  Guards  had  greatdy  in-  the  tocsin  was  sounded,  and  a  cen- 

creased  in  unmbera ;    and  when  tral  committee  formed  for  canTing 

they  heard  the  order  of  the  com-  on  hostilities, 

manding  officer,  they  immediately  At  one  o'clock  a  party  of  the 

opposed  its  execution,  and  stopped  insolent  National  Guards  were 

the  passage  of  the  troops  by  the  attacked  on  the  Stephens  Flatz 

erection  of  a  barricade  on  the  Ta-  by    a    party   of    loyal    National 

bor  Bridge.     Orders  were  given  Guards,  who  stood  by  Hie   Go- 

fbr  the  stormii^  of  this  barricade ;  vemment ;  but,  after  a  short  oon- 

and  the  War  Office  being  aware  of  flict,  the  latter  were  forced  to  re- 

the  mntinous   disposition  of  the  tire   into    the    Cathedral    of    St. 

Grenadiers,  several  battalions   of  Stephen's,    the   doors    of    which 

cavalry  were  commanded  to  escort  they  barricaded  from  within.    But 

them.   But  the  Grenadiers  crossed  the    insurgents    beat    down    the 

the  bridge,  scaled  the  barricade,  doors,   entered   the   church,  and 

and  fraternized  with  the  National  dislodged  their  antagonists,  whose 

Goards.    The  latter  destroyed  part  leader  was  killed  on  the  steps  of 

of  the  bridge,  and  thus  prevented  the  altar. 

the  cavalry  from  interfering.  R^-  One  of  the  city  gates,  the  Bnrg- 
ments  of  infantry  were  then  drawn  thor,  still  remained  in  possession 
np  to  reduce  the  insurgents,  and  of  the  GioTemment  troops.  Three 
to  enforce  obedience  to  the  com-  companies  of  sappers  and  miners, 
mands  of  the  Government.  The  with  four  guns,  entered  this  gate 
artillery  arrived  at  ten  o'clock,  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
and  the  rioters  were  summoned  to  They  were  at  once  attacked  and 
surrender.  This  they  refused  to  routed,  in  spite  of  the  grape  and 
do,  and  a  pause  ensued,  until  a  canister  which  they  fired  from 
body  of  workmen  proceeded  to  their  pieces.  Many  of  them  were 
seize  a  powder  wa^on  and  four  captured,  disarmed,  and  confined 
guns,  which  thw  effected  without  in  the  University  buildings.  For- 
any  opposition  from  the  artillery-  midable  barricades  were  con- 
men.  Upon  this  the  Nassau  In-  Btmcted  while  this  fight  was  going 
ftintry  fired  three  successive  vol-  on,  and  the  old  fortifications  M 
leys,  which  were  answered  by  the  ci^  were  occupied  by  the  artil- 
quick  discharges  from  the  Na-  leir  of  the  National  Guards, 
tional  Guards,  the  students,  and  In  the  afternoon  the  inanrgents 
the  Grenadiers.  The  Nassan  In-  forced  their  vmr  into  the  War 
&nti7  were  soon  forced  to  retire ;  Office  between  uie  hours  of  five 
and,  on  being  charged  with  the  and  six,  seized  the  cannon  and 
bayonet,  their  retrograde  move-  arms  deposited  in  that  building, 
ment  became  a  downright  flight  and  captured  the  Minister  of  War, 
General  Bredy,  their  commander.  Count  Latonr.  He  was  thrown 
was  shot.  into  the  street,  and  there  mni^ 
Vol.  XC.  [8  E] 


418]            ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.  [^»«H«. 

dered  with  blows  from  axes  and  garians ;  and  an  amnesty  for  those 

sledge-hammers.    The  people  tore  who  were  implicated  in  die  riots  of 

off  die  clothes  and  orders,    and  that  day. 

hung    the    naked    corpse    on    a  At  e1e?en  at  night,  the  deputa- 

gibbet,    where    it   remained  bus-  tion  from  the  Emperor  returned 

pended  for  a  whole   day,  during  with  his   answer.     He   said   that 

which  the  National  Guards  fired  he  would  form  a  new  and  popular 

at  it  with  musketballs.  Ministry,  which  should  include  tiio 

At  half-past  six  o'clock  the  peo-  names  of  DoblhoS  and  Hombostl ; 

Sle  surrounded  the  Arsenal,  and  and  would  consult  with  that  Mi- 
emanded  from  the  garrison  a  nistry  on  the  measures  necessary 
surrender  of  the  anna  which  it  for  the  welbre  of  the  entire  mon- 
contained.  They  refused,  and  a  archy.  This,  however,  did  not 
combat  commenced,  in  the  course  satisfy  the  democrats,  and  they  ro- 
of which  the  garrison  swept  the  solved  that  the  Committee  of  Pub- 
Benugasse  with  grape  and  canister,  lie  Safety  should  immediately  com- 
and  lulled  and  disabled  a  great  mence  its  duties,  and  that  inetruo- 
number  of  the  iusurgents,  whose  tions  should  be  given  to  the  mili- 
fury  increased  after  each  nnsuc-  tai?  commander,  Count  Auersperg, 
cessful  attempt  to  gain  possession  to  obey  no  orders  but  those  of  the 
of  the  building.  The  committee  Diet;  that  despatches  should  be 
of  students  sent  several  flags  of  sent  to  the  Southern  Railway,  and 
truce,  summoning  the  garrison  to  forwarded  to  Olmulz  and  Brunn, 
Borrender;  but  the  bearers  were  to  bring  no  moro  troops  into  Vi- 
sbot  dead  on  the  spot.  The  people  enna;  and  that  orders  should  be 
then  commenced  bombarding  the  issued  to  supply  the  Academic  Le- 
Arsenal,  and  the  firing  continued  gion  with  ammunition, 
all  the  night  through,  till  six  o'clock  On  the  Tth,  before  day-break,  the 
on  the  morning  of  the  Tth,  when  Emperor  and  the  other  Members 
the  garrison  surrendered.  The  of  the  Imperial  family  quilted  Vi- 
arms  were  seized  and  distributed  enna,  and  took  the  road  to  Olmutz, 
amongst  the  insurgents.  escorted  by  a  body  of  cavalry.  He 
In  the  mean  time  the  conduct  left  behind  him  a  sealed  proclama- 
of  the  Diet  showed  that  it  warmly  tion,  which  the  Minister  Etaus 
sympathized  with  the  rebels.  On  lost  no  time  in  commimicating  to 
uie  6th  it  met  and  elected  Heir  the  DieL  In  this  document,  the 
Smolken  President,  in  place  of  the  Emperor  said  that  he  had  done  all 
actual  President,  Herr  Strobach,  at  that  a  sovereign  could  do :  he  had 
the  same  time  declaring  its  sitting  renounced  the  unlimited  power 
permanent.  In  the  evening  a  which  he  had  received  from  his 
Committee  of  Safety  (name  of  ill  forebthers ;  be  had  been  obl^ed 
omen ))  was  appointed,  and  a  do-  in  May  last  to  leave  the  castle  of 
putation  was  sent  to  the  Emperor  his  late  father;  he  had  come  back 
to  demand  the  formation  of  a  new  without  any  guarantee,  and  in  full 
and  popular  Cabinet,  with  Messrs.  confidence,  to  his  people.  A  small 
DobUtoff  and  Hombostl  as  mem-  but  audacious  party,  oowerer,  had 
bera :  the  removal  of  Baron  Jella-  gone  to  extremes  in  Vienna ;  mur- 
chich  from  his  OovemorBhip  of  aer  and  rapine  had  prevailed  in 
Hungary ;  the  revoeation  of  the  that  city,  and  the  Minister  of  War 
last  proclamation  against  the  Hun-  had  been  assassinated.    He  trusted 


Aiutria.]                   HISTORY.  [419 

in  God  and  bis  own  good  right;  boub  with  their  aleeves  tucked  np 

and  he  now  left  the  vicinity  of  his  to  their  elbows,  National  Qnards, 

capital  in  order  to  find  means  to  and  others.    Above  the  gates  gans 

bring  aid  to  his  oppressed  people,  are  pointed  to  sweep  the  approaches 

The  Minister  Kraus  added,  fliat  of  the  cit; ;  artillerpnen,  students, 

hehadrefusedtocountersign  "this  or  workmen,  on'duty  near  them 

nnoonstitutional   and  threatening  with  lighted  matches.    Patrols  of 

proclamation."    It  was  then    re-  everj  description  parade  the  walls 

solved,  that  the  House  should  in-  in  regular  beats.    There  could  not 

vest  itself  with  both  the  delibe-  have  been  fewer  than  10,000  men 

rative  and  executive  powers;  and  on  the  bastions." 

that  this  determination  should  be  The  position  occupied  bv  the 

communicated  to  the  provinces  by  Commander  of  the  Imperial  forces, 

special  commissioners.  Von    Auersperg,    was    near   the 

The  situation  of  the  inhabitants,  gardens  of  Prince  Schwarzenburg, 

and  the  appearance  of  the  cit;  after  in  the  vicinity  of  the   Belvedere 

the   departure   of  the  Court,   are  Palace.    Thb  is  bsyond  the  walla 

graphically  described  in  the  follow-  of  Vienna,   the  suburbs  of  which 

ine  passage  from  an  Austrian  Jour-  encircle    it,    and  form  of  them* 

nfu,  pabl^hed  on  the  11th.  selves   a    populous    town.      Tha 

"  The  bygone  night  was  de-  number  of  troops  under  hia  oom- 
cidedly  the  most  anxious  one  mand  was  about  SO^OOO  men. 
Vienna  has  witnessed  since  the  But  the  great  dread  of  the  Vien- 
bombardmentbyNapoleoninlSOd.  nese  was  lest  he  should  be  joined 
'  Till  dawn  the  streets  swarmed  with  by  the  renowned  Ban,  Jellachich, 
armed  men  scattered  in  groups,  of  whose  rapid  advance  they  re- 
and  now  and  then  a  patrol.  At  ceived  intelligence.  The  con- 
the  comers  of  the  streets,  in  the  duct  and  views  of  this  remarkable 
public  sqoarea,  before  the  cafes,  man,  at  this  juncture,  are  ex- 
crowds  were  assembled  discussing  plained  by  himself  in  a  letter 
the  events.  The  eilence  of  the  which  he  addressed  a  few  days 
night  was  interrupted  at  intervals  later  to  hie  "  Sdavonic  brethren 
by  reports  of  fire-arms,  eapecially  in  Bohemia,"  in  which  he  said — 
in  the  direction  of  the  Wieden  and  "  It  was  my  duty,  as  a  faithful  and 
the  high  road,  (Auersperg's  quar-  sincere  Sclavonian,  to  oppose  in 
ters.)  which  attracted  universal  at-  Peatb  the  anti-Austrian  party 
tention.  On  and  behind  the  bar-  which  hostilely  rose  agatust  Scla- 
ricades  men  were  sleeping  in  vonianism.  Bat  as  I  approached 
blouses,  fully  armed ;  women  and  Pesth,  that  nest  of  the  Hagyar 
girls,  not  of  the  most  respectable  aristocracy,  our  common  enemiea 
appearance,  were  mingled  amongst  arose ;  and  bad  they  conqaered  in 
them,  some  laughing  and  talking,  Vienna,  my  victory  in  Pesth  would 
others,  like  the  men,  asleep  upon  have  been  incomplete,  and  the 
heaps  of  stones.  The  walls  and  main  stay  of  our  enemies  would 
bastions  of  the  city  offered  a  most  have  been  Vienna, 
animated  appearance.  One  line  "Therefore  I  turned,  with  the 
of  watchfires  stretched  as  &r  as  whole  of  my  army,  to  Vienna,  in 
the  eye  could  reach,  each  sor-  order  to  chastise  the  enemies  of 
rounded  by  students  in  Oalabre-  Sclavonianism  in  Austria's  capital, 
aian  cloaks,  men  in  blouses,  ard-  I  was  led  solely  by  the  conviction 
[9  E  2] 


420]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.        [-*«(fM. 

that   I  was  approaching  Vienna  Eremsir,  and  the  members  were 

gainst  the  enemy  of  SclaTonian-  summoned  to  meet  at  the  latter 

iam."  dtj  on  the  16th  of  NoTember,  to 

A  oommissioner  was  despatched  finish  the  work  of  framing  the 
to  oommunicata  with  the  Ban,  who  constitution.  Their  chief  reliance 
was  found  to  bo  at  Schwodorf,  at  was  now  placed  in  the  advance  of 
the  head  of  a  fonnidable  body  of  the  Hungarian  forces,  who.  re- 
Croatian  troops.  He  gave  evasive  lieved  from  the  presence  of  their 
answers  as  to  his  intentions,  but  fonnidable  foe,  the  Ban,  were  ra- 
abaolntel;  declined  to  receive  any  pidly  approaching  the  capital;  and, 
orders  from  the  Diet  On  the  on  the  evening  of  the  13th,  their 
10th,  however,  he  sent  a  written  videttes  were  desoried  from  the 
reply  to  the  anxious  messages  of  steeples  of  Vienna  at  a  distance  of 
the  Diet,  in  which  be  said  that  the  about  six  miles, 
motives  of  hb  advance  were  hia  Let  us  here  pause  for  a  moment 
duties  as  a  servant  of  the  State,  to  consider  the  remarkable  position 
and  a  soldier.  As  a  servant  of  the  of  afbirs  at  this  critical  juncture. 
State,  it  vraa  hia  duty  to  put  dovm  The  capital  had  risen  in  insur- 
anarohy ;  as  a  soldier,  the  noise  of  rection  against  its  monarch,  wlio 
the  guns  had  pointed  out  his  route,  bad  fled.  The  chief  hope  of  the 
His  object  was  to  uphold  the  mo-  Emperor  lay  in  the  courage  and 
narohy  on  a  basis  of  equal  national  devotion  of  the  Ban  Jellacbicb 
rights  for  all  races.  The  troops  and  his  wild  followers,  who  were  a 
were  to  be  billeted.  No  Hun-  short  time  ago  looked  upon  them- 
gafian  troops  were  pursuing  him :  selves  with  the  greatest  mistrast 
on  Austrian  ground  he  recognised  by  the  Court,  as  disguising  under 
none  bat  Austrian  troops ;  if  ab-  the  pretext  of  sssertins  Sclavonic 
tacked,  he  should  repulse  force  by  rights  the  project  of  throwingoff 
force.  allege ther  Austrian  dominion.  The 

Next   day   Jellachich'a    troops  inhabitants    of   Vienna,   hitherto 

arrived  close  to  Vienna,  and  took  conspicuous  for  their  loyalty,  placed 

«P  their  position  on  the  Weiner-  their  reliance  now  upon  the  efforts 

bei^.  of  the  Hungarian  rebels,  who  were 

In  the  mean  time  the  Minister  marching  forward  to  force  their 
Homboad  bad,  at  the  request  of  entranoe  into  the  city,  whicb  was 
the  Emperor,  who  was  on  the  6th  ready  to  welcome  them  so  soon  as 
at  Sieghartskirchen,  left  Vienna  they  could  succeed  io  piercing  the 
to  join  his  royal  master,  and  be  girdle  of  troops  under  the  several 
accompanied  him  to  Olmutz.  De-  commands  of  Auerspei^  and  Jella- 
pntadon  after  deputation  was  sent  chich.  Not  many  days  had  elapsed 
to  entreat  the  Emperor  to  adopt  a  since  there  was  every  probability 
course  of  concession  and  concilia-  that  the  soldiers  under  the  fox- 
tion;  but,  as  no  submission  was  mer  general  would  be  employed 
tendered  by  bis  insurgent  subjects,  under  the  orders  of  the  Emperoi 
their  efforts  to  extort  promises  in  in  attacking  the  forces  of  the 
accordance  with  their  demands  latter;  and  now  they  were  com- 
were  vain;  and,  on  the  SOtb,  an  bined  to  save  the  monarchy  from 
Imperial  proclamation  appeared,  by  destruction,  which  vraa  threatened 
which  the  seat  of  (he  Austrian  by  the  Viennese  and  the  Hun- 
Diet  was  removed  from  Vienna  to  garione. 

ChxwIc 


^««ri..]                    HISTORY.  [421 

Bat  another  actor  was  about  to  Assembly  which,  trouKressIi^;  the 

appear  upon  the  stage,  whose  pre-  bounds  of  duty,  has  endeavoured  to 

senoe   decided  the   issue  of  the  usurp  the  executiTe  power.    Ths 

etniggle,  which  up  to  this  time  violent  overthrow  of  a  Cabinet  act* 

seemed  to  bang  tremUing  in  tbe  ing  with  the  minority  of  the  Diet  is 

balance.      Prince    WindiscbgriUz  criminal  and  anarchic.     The  mu- 

was  already  on  his  way  to  the  capi-  nicipal  authorities  of  Prague  are 

tal  with  a  considerable  army,  and  deeply  attached  to  the  dynasty  and 

a  large  park  of  artilleTy.    At  the  to  the  constitutionally  demooratio 

same  time  it  became  known  that  monarchy.      Bohemia    can   only 

the  Hungarian  troops  bad  retired  prosper  when  Austria  is  indepen^ 

from  the  neighbourhood  of  Vienna,  ent. 

within  the  limits  of  their  own  fron-  Prince  Windischgritz  soon  «p- 

tier.     This  was  announced  on  the  pesred  before  Vienna,  and  on  his 

14th  of  September,    by  Kossuth,  arrival  assumed  the  chief  command 

their  generaJ,  to  the  House  of  Be-  of  the  troops  by  which  it  was  be- 

presentatiYee  or  Diet,  st  Feeth.  leaguered.    His  chief  force  extend- 

The  reason  he  assigned  was,  that  he  ed  in  a  semicircle  round  one  half 

had  received  no  ojictoi  orders  from  of  Vienna,  resting  its  flanks  on  the 

Vienna,  and  that  as  an  advance  river  above  and  below  the  oily,  and 

nnder  such  circumstances  would  be  having  his  centre  in  advance  of  the 

an  invasion,  he  withdrew  his  army,  wooded    heights    on   its   north, 

and  reserved  it  ibr  the  defence  of  Pontoon  bridges   kept  open  the 

his  fatherland.  Communication  with  the  points  on 

In  the  mean  time  important  the  south;  and  every  road  and 
events  had  occurred  at  Pn^e.  strong  place  on  that  side  was 
The  Bohemian  members  of  the  seized  and  occupied  W  troops. 
Aostrian  Diet,  to  the  number  of  The  Croatian  army  of  tfellaohich 
about  thirty,  assembled  at  that  £ued  the  east,  and  thus  held  the 
capital  on  the  6th  of  September,  Hungarians  in  check  in  that 
and,  in  coiyunction  with  Uia  muni-  quarter.  It  seemed  nothing  short 
dpal  authorities,  proceeded  to  as-  of  iniatuation  on  the  part  of  the 
sort  the  cause  ta  the  monarchy  citizens  to  resist  any  longer,  and 
i^nst  the  rebels  of  Vienna  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  gstea 
Hungary,  declaring  that  the  throne  would  have  been  throvm  open  but 
and  dynasty  could  now  be  upheld  for  the  system  of  terrorism  within 
only  by  the  Sctavonians  of  the  the  walls.  The  leaders  of  the  re- 
North  and  South.  A  proclama-  volt  were  too  deeply  implicated  to 
ti<ni  vras  issued  by  the  Town  Coon-  hope  for  pardon  or  esct^e,  and 
<n]  to  the  following  effect : —  eveiy  expedient  was  resorted  to,  to 

"  Murder  and  violence  in  Vi-  stir  up  the  passions  of  the  igno- 
enna  have  succeeded,  contraiy  to  rant  multitude,  and  to  prevent  the 
the  wishes  of  the  majority  of  the  voice  and  vrishea  <A  the  more  re- 
inhabitants,  in  compelling  the  Em-  speotable  inhabitants  from  being 
perar-King  to  take  to  m^t,  imd  heard.  The  most  conspicuous 
in  terrifying  the  Diet,  the  former  parties  in  organizing  the  insurreo- 
minority  in  which  are  now  acting  don,  and  opposing  any  idea  of  sur- 
in  an  illegal  way.  The  mnnid-  rouder,  were  Messenhanser,  com- 
pal  authorities  of  Prague  protest  mandant  of  the  National  Guards ; 
B^Dst  all  the  illegal  acts  of  an  Bern,  a  Polish  refugee,  who  as- 


422] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848, 


[Auitria- 


snmed  the  rank  of  gonend;  and 
Blum,  a  Saxon,  one  of  the  meic- 
bers  of  the  German  Parliament  at 
Fnnkfort,  and  well  knovn  as  a 
radical  and  foctioos  journalist  at 
Le^isio. 

On  the  33rd  Prince  Windisch- 
gratz  announced  to  the  Vienneee 
the  terms  on  which  he  would  ac- 
cept their  submission.  The  most 
important  of  these  were  the  three 
following : — 
■  "  1.  Within  fortf-eight  hours 
after  receipt  of  this  present,  the 
city  of  Vienna,  with  its  fttiboargs 
and  neighbourhood,  are  to  sur- 
reuder;  and  by  detachments  the 
inhabitants  are  to  give  up  their 
arms  at  some  place  ^pointed  for 
that  purpose,  with  the  exception  of 
private  flre-arms. 
.  "  it.  The  dissoludon  of  all  armed 
corporations,  and  of  the  Academi- 
cal X>egion  ;  the  Univeiaily  to  be 
closed ;  the  President  of  the  Aca- 
demical IiOgion  and  twelve  stu- 
dents  to  be  made  hostages. 

"  9.  Certain  individuals,  here- 
after to  be  named,  are  to  be  given 
up  to  me." 

The  Diet  replied  that  these  pro- 
positions were  illegal  and  ancon- 
•titutional,  to  which  the  Prince  re- 
joined, tbst  the  onlf  legal  authority 
which  he  recognised  ia  Vienna  was 
the  Communal  Council,  and  that 
he  gave  the  Diet  twentj-fonr  hours 
to  consider  whether  thej  would 
accept  his  proposal.  As  oo  ofiet 
of  surrender  was  made  within  the 
prescribed  period,  Prince  Win- 
dischgratz,  on  the  38th,  began  to 
cannonade  the  city,  and  the  troops 
advanced  to  the  aSsanlt.  The  at-  ■ 
tack  was  made  npon  a  barricade 
situated  at  the  entrance  ol  the 
JSgerzeil,  and  defended  by  twelve 
pieces  of  artillery ;  which,  after  a 
sharp  struggle,  was  carried  and 
destroyed. 


We  think  we  cannot  do  better 
than  here  insert  a  most  interest- 
ing account  of  the  state  of  the  c^- 
tol,  and  the  events  that  followed, 
written  by  an  Englishman,  an  eye- 
witness, who  escaped  from  the  dty, 
and  communicated  the  narrative  to 
the   English  journals   about  this 

"  The  J^rzeil,  the  beautifol 
street  leading  to  the  Prater,  had 
been  the  scene  of  the  hardest  fight- 
ing of  all,  as  it  had  been  fortUied 
by  a  succession  of  barricades,  built 
up  to  the  first-floor  windows  in  a 
balf-moon  shape,  with  regular  em- 
brasures, and  planted  with  cannon. 
This  was  strewn  with  the  dead 
bodies  of  men  and  horses;  but 
they,  and  the  pools  of  blood  all 
about,  did  not  strike  us  so  much 
as  the  horrid  smell  of  roast  flesh, 
arising  from  the  half-burnt  bodies 
of  rebels  killed  in  the  houses  fired 
by  Gongreve  rockete,  which  we  saw 
used  by  the  troops  with  terrible 
effect  Half  of  the  houses  in  this 
beautiful  suburb  are  thus  burnt 
down,  white  the  other  half  are 
riddled  with  shell  and  shot  On 
flveiy  side  you  may  see  weeping 
wives,  sistere,  and  daughters,  pick- 
ing literally  piecemeal  out  of  the 
ruins  the  half-consumed  bodies  of 
their  relatives. 

"  On  Sunday  evening,  the  Sfith, 
the  city,  dreading  a  bombardment 
from  the  Belvedere,  agreed  to 
surrender;  but  the  capitolation 
was  shameinlly  violated,  when, 
eariy  the  next  morning,  the  ap- 
proach of  the  Hui^arians  to  raise 
the  siege  was  signalled  from  the 
tower  of  the  cathednl.  Then  came 
the  real  crisis.  Most  of  the  troops 
and  guns  were  removed  from  ue 
Leopoldatadt  to  meet  the  enemy  in 
the  rear;  while  the  remainder  set 
to  work  to  barricade  the  bridge 
which  connects  the  suburb  with 


Juaria.]                   HISTORY.  [423 

the  dlj,  BO  u  to  prevent  a  eortie.  tno  hundred  cannon,  lead  hie  wild 

We  were    fired  on  Groats  and  Sernana  to  the  etorm ; 

conUnuallj  from  the  ramparts ;  his  tall  white  plume  Bhining  like 
and  I  for  the  first  time  literally  HenriQaatre'satlrrj,  asthepole- 
taated  blood,  which  was  dashed  star  of  die  whole  army.  All  agree 
over  my  face  and  clothes  when  a  that  he  is  one  of  those  remarkable 
round  shot  carried  off  the  head  of  men  who  are  raised  up  from  time 
an  artilletTman  by  my  side.  All  to  time  to  mould  the  destinies  of 
this  time  the  roar  of  cannon,  the  nations." 

whizzing  of  rockets,  and  the  roll  of  During  the  conflict  the  follow- 

mnsketiy  in  our  rear,  told  us  that  ing  proclamation  appeared  at  nooa 

the  Hungarian  army  had  joined  on  the  30th,  signed  by  Uessen- 

batile ;  while  in  our  front,  from  all  hauser,   which    showed  how   the 

the  ramparts,  tops  of  bouses  and  hopes  ofthe  insurgents  rested  upon 

churches,   the  rebels  were  firing  support  from  the  Hungarians : — 

signal-guns    and    waving    flags    to  "  From  Ihe  Sfin  of  St.  Siephen'i. 

cheer  them  on.     It  was  a  beautl-  "  The  battle  appears  to  be  drsw- 

fal,  clear,  sunshiny,  autumn  day ;  ing  towards  Oberlin  and  Insera- 

and  all  felt  that  there  were  trem-  dorf.     The  fog  prevents  me  uom 

bling  in  the  balance,  not  only  the  having  a  clear  view.     Hitherto  the 

fate  of  the  gntnd  old  Austrian  em-  Hungarians  appear  to  be  advancing 

pile—'  An  Siegon  und  an  Ehreu  victoriously.     In  case  a  defeated 

reiob,' the  monarchy  of  Charles  the  .army  shall  approach  the  walls  of 

Fifth  end  Maria  Theresa,  and  so  the  city,  it  wM  be  the  duty  of  all 

long  tlie  bulwark  of  Christendom  armed  bodies   to  assemble  under 

against  the  Turks — but  with  it  the  arms,  even  without  command." 

veaee  and  safety  of  Europe.    At  On  the  night  of  the  Slst  the 

length  the  firing  behind  us  gra-  contest  was  over,  and  the  city  at 

dually  slackened,  and  then  died  the  mercy  of  the  victorious  troopa 

away ;  and  towards  sunset  the  vie-  of  the  Bmperor.     The  surrender 

torious  Imperialists  marched  back  had  then  taken  place,  and  the  ef- 

from   the  field   of  battle,  having  forts  of  the  soldiers  were  imme- 

ntterly  rented  the  Hungarians,  and  diat«ly  directed  to  the  eztinguish- 

driven  3000  of  them  into  the  Da-  meut  of  the  flames  which  wero 

nube,  which  will  roll  their  bodies  ragiDg  in  several  quaxters. 

down  to  Pesth — a  fearful  tidings  We  have  mentioned  the  name 

of  their  defeat.     You  may  fancy  of  Blum  as  one  of  the  most  active 

what  cheers  now  arose  from  the  leaders  in  the  rebellion.    He  waa 

Imperialists,  and  what  yells  of  de-  tried  by  a  court-martial,  and  im- 

rr  from  the  rebels,  whose  offers  mediately  shot,  on  the  8th  of 
conditional  surrender  were  DOW  November.  The  official  account 
scorafolly  r^eoted."  The  writer  of  his  execution  was  as  fdlows:— 
thus  describes  the  appearance  of  "According  to  sentence  by  ooort 
Jellachich,  the  brave  Ban  of  Croa-  martial  of  the  8th  inst.,  Robert 
tia: —  Blum,  bookseller,  from  Leipsio, 
"  On  that  dreadfnl  n^t  of  the  convicted  by  his  own  avowal,  on 
Slst  of  October,  I  saw  the  glorious  the  ground  of  seditious  speeches 
fellow,  a  young  and  magnificent  and  armed  resistance  against  the 
looking  men,  by  &ie  blaze  of  the  Imperial  troops,  has  been,  in  pur- 
burning  bouaee  and  the  flashing  of  suance  of  the  proclamation  iaatwd 


424]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [Aunria. 

hj  Frincs  Wlndiscbgratz  on  the  fore  forfeited  hy  the  law  of  natioDa ; 
QOtli  and  39rd  of  October,  sen-  nor  could  his  representative  char 
tenced  to  death,  which  eentence  racter  as  a  German  Senator  hare 
vaa  executed  hj  powder  and  lead,  any  other  effect  than  that  of  ag- 
in the  Brigittenau,  on  the  mom-  grarating  his  guilt  He  took  part 
ing  of  the  9th  instant,  at  half-paat  in  an  insurrection,  and  had  no 
eight  o'clock."  right  to  claim  immunity  from  risk 

On  the  following  day  Meesen-  in  the  catastrophe, 
hauser,  who  had  acted  during  the        The  news  of  the  ezeontioQ  of 

eiege  as  the  Commandant  of  the  Blum  caused,  however,   a   great 

National  Guard  at  Vienna,  was  sensation  in    the    Parliament  at 

also  shot.  Frankfort,  and  a  Committee  was 

An  attemptwas  made  by  some  of  appointed  to  draw  up  a  report  on 

thejoumalists  on  the  continent  and  the  auhject.    This  was  presented 

in  this  country  to  exoite  a  false  sym-  to  the  Assembly  on  the  16th  of 

pathy  for  the  fate  of  Blum,  on  the  November,  and  it  concluded  by 

ground  that  be  had  been  the  con-  submitting  the   following    resolu- 

duotor  of  a  newspaper,  and  as  a  lite-  tion : — 

rary  character  ought  to  have  been  >>  The  National  Assembly,  so- 
more  mercifully  dealt  with.  We  lenmly  protesting  before  all  Get- 
conceive,  however,  thathe  deserved  many  against  the  arreet  and  exe- 
deatb  as  much,  if  not  more,  than  cution  of  Robert  Blum,  which  acta 
any  hireling  soldier  taken  in  the  were  consummated  in  total  disre- 
act  of  rebellion.  If  he  was  gifted  gard  of  the  Imperial  law  of  the 
withsuperiorintelligence,hiacrime  30th  of  September  ultimo,  calls 
as  a  reckless  agitator  was  greater,  upon  the  Imperial  Ministry  to 
and  if  he  chose  to  exchange  the  adopt  the  most  strenuous  measures 

Cfor  the  Bword,  he  knew  well  for  calling  those  parties  to  account 

'  likely  it  was  that  in  his  case  who  either  directly  or  indirectly 

the  text  would  be  verified,  which  bear  the  guilt  of  the  ofiiBnce,  and 

eaya,  that  "  those  who  take  the  for  securing  their  punishment." 
sword  shall  perish  by  the  eword."        A  motion  was  then  made  that 

A  graver  question  was,  whether  he  thia  resolution  should  be  adopted, 

was  amenable  to  military  law  at  and  it  was  declared  by  the  Pre- 

Vienna,  eince  be  was  a  Member  of  sident  to  be  carried  unanimously, 
the  German  Parliament — and  this        The  Austrian  arms  were  now 

was    seriously  discussed  in    that  turned  against  the  rebels  in  Hun- 

Farliament — and  much  idle  indig*  gary,  ana  a  large  and  powerful 

nation  was  ezpreesed  at  the  prompt  force  marched  in  that   direction 

and  decisive  act  of  Windischgratz.  under   the   command    of   Prince 

But  there  eorely  ought   not   to  Windischgratz,   who  was  aocom- 

have  been  any  doubt  about  the  panied  by  Jellachich  occupying  ft 

matter.     He  was  found  by  the  subordinate   post     The    events, 

victorious  troops  of  the  Emperor  howevar,  of  thia  campaign  will  be 

in   active  co-operation  with    the  properly  reserved   for   our  next 

rebels   in   the   capital.      It  waa  volume,  as  the  contest  was  not 

proved  that  he  had  actually  taken  terminated  at  the  end  of  the  pre- 

a  part  in  the  conflict,  as  well  aa  sent  year.     In   the  mean  time 

inflamed  the  minds  of  the  populace  Vienna  was  occupied   by  30,000 

to  resistance,  and  his  life  was  there-  troop,  sand  placed  under  the  mili- 


Auitria.} 


HISTORY. 


[425 


Ury  commimd  of  Marshal  de  Wel- 
den. 

A  change  took  place  aboat  thia 
time  in   the   Austrian  Ministry, 
and  the    following    Cabinet    was 
formed : — 
Premier  and  Foreign  Minister, — ' 

Prince  Felix  Schwartzenberg. 
lDt«rioT,  —  Count    Francis    Sta- 

dion. 
Finance, — Baron  Kraus. 
War,— General  Cordon. 
Justice, — Dr.  Bach. 
Worehip,— M.  Rhinnfeld. 
Commerce  and  Public  Works, — 

M.  de  Bruck. 
.^riculture, — M.  Thienfeld. 

The  Diet  met  on  the  iind  of 
NoTember,  at  Kremsir,  according 
to  the  mandate  of  the  Emperor, 
but  during  the  rest  of  the  year  no 
inddent  occurred  in  connection 
with  its  proceedings  which  calls 
for  historical  notice. 

A  very  important  event  however 
now  happened,  destined,  we  believe, 
to  exercise  a  most  salutary  influence 
upon  the  fortunes  of  the  Austrian 
kingdom.  On  the  Snd  of  Decem- 
ber, while  the  Emperor  was  still 
at  Olmutz,  he  resigned  the  Im- 
perial crown  in  favour  of  liis 
nephew,  Frauds  John — the  &ther 
of  the  latter,  Francis  Charles, 
who  stood  next  in  succession,  re- 
nouncing his  claim  to  the  throne. 
The  reasons  assigned  for  this  step 
are  contained  in  the  following  pas- 
sage from  the  instrument  of  abdics^ 
tiou  signed  by  Ferdinand: — 

"The  pressure  of  events,  and 
the  imm»liate  want  of  a  compre- 
hensive refonnation  of  our  forms 
of  state,  and  which  we  in  the 
month  of  March  last  endeavoured 
to  meet  and  promote,  have  more 
and  more  convinced  us  that  more 
youthful  powers  are  needed  to  com- 
plete this  grand  work." 

On  the   6th  of  December  ap- 


peared a  proclajnation  by  the  new 
Emperor.     In  this  be  said : — 

"  Wfl  are  convinced  of  the  ne- 
cessity and  the  value  of  free  insti- 
tutions, and  enterwith  confidence 
on  the  path  of  a  prosperous  re- 
formation of  the  monarchy. 

"  On  the  basis  of  true  liberty, 
OB  the  basis  of  the  equality  of 
rights  of  all  OUT  people,  and  the 
equality  of  all  dtizens  before  the 
law,  and  on  the  basis  of  their 
equally  partaking  in  the  represent- 
ation and  legislation,  the  country 
will  rise  to  its  andent  grandeur; 
it  will  acquire  new  strength  to 
resist  the  storms  of  the  time;  it 
will  be  s  hall  to  shelter  the  tribes 
of  many  tongues  united  under  the 
sceptre  of  our  fathers. 

"Jealous  of  the  glory  of  the 
crown,  and  resolved  to  preserve  the 
monarchy  uncurtailed,  but  ready 
to  share  our  privilege  with  the  ro- 

eresentatives  of  our  people,  we 
ope,  by  the  assistance  of  God  and 
tlie  co-operation  of  our  people,  to 
succeed  in  uniting  all  the  countries 
and  tribes  of  the  monarchy  into 
one  integral  state.  We  have  had 
many  trials;  tranquillity  and  order 
have  been  disturbed  in  various  parts 
of  the  empire.  A  civil  war  is  even 
now  raging  in  one  part  of  the 
monarchy.  Preparations  have  been 
made  to  restore  legal  order  every- 
where. The  conquest  over  rebellion 
and  the  return  of  domestic  peace 
are  the  first  conditions  of  the  great 
work  which  we  now  take  in  hand. 
"  In  this  we  rely  confidently  on 
thesendble  and  candid  co-operation 
of  the  nation  by  its  representa- 
tives." 

What  then,  let  us  ask,  was  the 
position  of  the  Austrian  monarchy 
at  the  close  of  this  memorable 
year?  It  might  proudly  claim  for 
its  motto,  Merta  pro/undo,  pai- 
ckrior  evenit,  as  it  looked  bock  on 


426] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[Aiuhia. 


the  perils  it  had  escaped  and  s 
vejed  the  euccesBes  it  had  wi 
It  had  crushed  the  rehellion 
Lombardy,  driven  back  the  Pied- 
monteae  into  their  own  temtoiy, 
and  planted  the  AueCrian  flag  again 
in  triumph  over  the  ci^  of  Milan, 
vhich  had  been  for  centuries  a.  fief 
of  the  House  of  Hapsburg.  Com- 
pelled in  self-defence  to  bombard 
bis  own  capital,  the  Emperor  had 
found  his  troops  as  loytd  as  thej 
were  brave,  and  the  cannon  of 
Windischgratz  and  Jellachich  had 
efEsctnall^  silenced  the  voice  of 
insarrectaon.  In  Hungary  the 
Imperial   troopa  were   uoiformly 


successful,  and  there  was  every  rea- 
son to  expect  a  victorious  issue  in 
the  campaign.  But  beyond  all  this, 
fresh  and  healthy  blood  had  been 
ponred  into  the  veins  of  the  mon- 
archy by  the  elevation  to  the  throne 
of  a  young  Emperor,  whose  dis- 
posilion  and  capacity  promised  the 
happiest  results  for  the  kingdom ; 
and  he  was  surrounded  by  Minis- 
ters in  every  respect  equal  to  the 
occasion— men  who  were  deter- 
mined to  pursue  a  course  of  con- 
stitutional policy,  and  abandon  the 
Mettemich  syatem  of  despotism 


b,GoogIc 


HISTORY.  [427 


CHAPTER  XV. 


Ikdu: — Tka  Sikh*  in  ihe  Punjab— Moolraj  Devsan  of  ilfouiMn— 
MurcUn  of  Mr.  VaitM  Agnew  and  lAeatrntant  Andenon — Brave  and 
spiriUd  Conduct  of  Lieutenant  Edwardtt  and  Colonel  Cortlandt — 
Engagement  with  tht  RebeU,  and  Defeat  of  the  Latter — Obetinate 
Conflict  at  Noonanet — Flight  of  the  Enemy — Defeat  of  Moolrty  and 
the  Sikke  at  Sadooiam — Investment  of  MooUan — General  Whith 
takes  the  command  of  tht  Army  before  Mooltan — Dtiturbancet  in  tha 
Haxareh  Country — Major  and  Mrs.  Lawrence  taken  prittmers—As- 
eault  on  Mooltan  on  the  1Q(&  of  September — Sortie  from  the  Oar- 
rwon — Treaeherotu  defection  of  Shere  Singh — Troop*  ordered  to 
aiten^le  at  Ferozepoor  vnder  command  of  lard  Qough — Shere 
Singh  leaves  Mooltan  and  marches  to  the  North  West — He  is  joined 
hg  his  Father,  Chuttur  Singh — Position  of  the  British  Forces  at 
Bamnuggur — Disastrous  Attack  on  a  Body  of  Sikh  Cavalry  in  a 
"Nullah  " — Death  of  General  Cureton — General  Thackuiell  ordered 
to  turn  the  Flank  of  the  Sikhs — Cannonade  between  tJtem  and  the 
Detachment  under  General  ThaekaeU — Share  Singh  retires  upon  the 
Jhelum — General  Assault  upon  Mooltan,  on  Hth  of  December— 
Eajiiotion  of  Magazine  in  the  Fort — Sortie  of  ihe  Sikhs  repulsed. 

Canada: — Opening  of  Session  of  New  Parliament— Speech  of  Go- 
vernor-General— Defeat  and  Besignatiott  of  the  Ministry. 

TJhtted  States  : — Treaty  of  Peace  with  Mexico — Message  of  the  President 
to  Congress  on  the  subject — Discovery  of  Gold  in  California — Scene  at 
ihe  "  Diggings  " — Contest  for  the  Presidency — Election  of  General 
Taylor — Opening  of  Session  of  Congress — Message  of  the  President 
— Its  Topics — 1,  GeneriU  Bmiew.  2.  Treaty  with  Mexico.  3.  Army 
and  Navy.  4.  Territorial  Acquisitions.  6.  Gold  Mines  in  Cali- 
fomia.  fl.  Question  of  Slavery.  7.  Territoriid  Survey.  8.  Mexican 
Debt.     9.  "  American  System."     10.  Presidential  Veto. 

INDIA. — Although  by  the  favour  in  Febnuuy,  her  anna  were  not 

of   Divine  Providenoe   Great  allowed  to  remain  inactive  in  the 

Britain  escaped   throughout   this  East,  where  we  were  again  chal- 

eventful  year  the  evils  of  intestine  tenged  to  the   contest  by  a  ibe 

commotion,  and  was  not  involved  whom  we  thought  we  had  effec- 

in  any  continental  war,  as  there  tually  subdued, 
seemed  too  much  reason  to  appro-        The  Punjab  became  a  second 

hend  might  be  Ihe  case  after  the  time  a  cause  of  anxiety,  and  the 

explosion  of  the  French  revolatioa  bonks  of  the  Indus  and  it«  triba* 


428]           ANNUAL  REGISTER.  1848.  i^«^- 

taij  Btreams  the  theatre  of  actual  great  loss  on  the  side  of  the  con- 
conflict.  The  Sikfas  are  the  bravest  queror.  He  placed  the  city  under 
enemies  whom  we  have  yet  en-  tie  rule  of  a  governor,  who  was 
countered  in  India,  and  they  fight  killed  in  a  tumultuous  aSray  soon 
with  ths  desperation  of  men  in-  after  the  death  of  Rui^eet  Singh. 
spired  almost  equally  t^  military  His  son,  Moolr^,  succeeded  him, 
ardour  and  religious  fanaticism,  and  he  was  the  diawan  or  governor 
Tbe^  are,  in  fact,  a  rel^ous  sect,  of  Mooltaai  at  the  time  when  we 
tracing  their  descent  from  a  Goo-  occupied  Lahore.  Negotiations  be- 
roo  or  priest  named  Nanuk,  who  tween  him  and  the  durbar  at  La- 
formed  a  kind  of  eclectic  system  hore  had  been  going  od  for  some 
of  faith  out  of  the  mazes  of  Brah-  time  previous  tc  the  month  of 
minism,  Buddhism,  and  Mahom-  April  in  the  present  year,  the  ob- 
medanism,  and  founded  a  new  ject  of  which  seems  to  have  been 
school  of  disciples  in  the  Punjab,  to  change  the  mode  of  government 
The  most  celebrated  of  his  succes-  at  Moollan,  and  either  induce  or 
Bors  was  Govind,  who  became  compel  Moolraj  to  resign  hia  au- 
Gooroo  of  the  Sikhs  at  the  end  of  thonty.  The  intentioo  was  to  sub- 
nine  generations  from  Nanuk,  and  stitute  Sirdar  Khan  Singh  as  go- 
was  assassinated  in  the  year  1708.  vemor;  and  it  was  believed  at 
He  first  taught  his  followers  how  Lahore  that  Moolraj  acquiesced  in 
fa>  become  a  military  and  political  this  arrangement  Accordingly, 
power,  but  they  were  still  known  Mr.  Vans  Agnew,  a  Bengal  civil 
as  the  "  Khalsa  "  or  church,  by  servant  and  assistant  to  the  Re- 
wbich  term  they  arrogated  to  sident  at  Lahore,  and  Lieutenant 
themselves  the  exclusive  title  of  Anderson,  of  the  Bombay  Fusi- 
the  faithful.  liers,  were  deputed  to  proceed  with 

In  a  previous  volume  we  have  the  new  governor,  Sirdar  Khaa, 

recorded  their  bold  and  presump-  and  install  him  in  his  new  autbo- 

tuouB  invasion  of  the  British  ter-  rity.    They  were  accompanied  by 

ritory  in  India,  and  the  terrible  a  veiy  smdl  escort,  and  arrived  at 

overthrow  of    their  whole   army,  Mooltan  on   the    17th  of  April, 

but  the  perplexing  question  still  The  town  was  formally  transferred 

remained,  how  we  were  to  deal  by  Moolraj  to  Sirdar  Khan  Singh, 

with  the  country,  the  acquisition  and   the   object   of   the   mission 

of  which  seemed  to  be  forced  upon  seemed    to     be    entirely    accom- 

ns.      The  events  of  the  present  pHshed,  when,  fronj  some  unex- 

year  appear  to  leave  ua  no  alter-  plained  cause,  whether  the  result 

native  but  to  annex  it  as  a  con-  of  deep-laid  treachery  or  a  sudden 

quered  province  to  our  dominions,  impulse,    both    the    Englishmen 

Mooltan  is  the  capital  of  a  dis-  were  attacked  on  the  18th,  and 

trict  lying  between  the  left  bank  desperately  wounded.     They  were 

of  the  Indus  and  the  right  bank  of  carried  to  a  small  fort  outside  the 

the  Sutl^,  and  reaching  to  the  town,  accompanied  by  Khan  Singh, 

point  of  junction  of  those   two  and  a  fire  was  opened  upon  their 

rivers.    Alter  sustaining  many  at-  place  of  refuge  from  Mooltan,  but 

tacks  from  Runjeet  Singh  in  the  the  distance  prevented  the  guns 

height  of  his  power,  it  was  at  last  from  having  much  effect.    Tnree 

taken  by  him,  though  not  without  days  afterwards  the  Mooltan  troops 


/«Ka.]                       HISTORY.  [429 

attacked  the  fort,  and  tbe  Sikh  quitted  Dhen  lamael  Khan,  and 

murison  within  immediately  opened  proceeded  to  the  southward,  by  the 

ue  gates  and  let  in  the  assailants,  base  of  the  mountainB,  being  joined 

Lieutenant  Anderson  was  then  in  on  his  way  by  a  Belooche  chief 

a  dying  stale,  but  Mr.  Agnew  was  named  Melah  Khan,  with  100  of 

able  to  defend  himself  for  a  short  bis  tribe,  who  were  sent  to  take 

time.    They  were,  however,  both  the  fortress  of  Sunghor, — a  place  to 

overpowered  and  murdered,  and  the  west  of  the  Indus, — which  sur- 

tbere  is  little  doubt  that  Moolraj  rendered  after  six  hours'  fighting, 

himself  is  responsible  for  this  cold-  the  garriaoD  retreating  upon  Jldoi^- 

blooded  treachery,  although  he  has  tan. 

always  pretended  that  the  attack  Lieutenant  Edwardes  now  ef- 

waswithout  his  sanction  or  privity,  footed    a  jonction  with    Colonel 

Immediately  on  intelligence  of  Cortlandt,  and    on   the  QOth  of 

the  Bssassioatioa  reaching  Lahore,  May  a  second  engagement  took 

a  body  of  3000  Sikhs,  horse  and  place  with  the  enemy,  who  were 

foot,   was    ordered    to    march    to  defeated  with  great  slaughter,  and 

Mooltan,  under  the  command  of  lost    two    guns    and    five   swivel 

Bt^JB  Shere  Singh.    It  happened  pieces.    The  force  of  the  revolted 

that  at  this  juncture  Lieutenant  Sikhs  at  this  time  in  the  field  oon- 

Edwardeswasengagedupontbeln-  eisted  of   about   3000   men    and 

duBwithaferysmallforce.Bettling  eight  guns;    while  that  of   Ed- 

the   coontjry  and   collecting    the  wardes  and  Cortlaiidt  comprised 

land-tax  due  to  Moolrqj.    He  oc-  three  mixed  Sikh  regiments,  1500 

Gupied  the  town  of  Leiah,  on  the  Irregular  Horse,  eight  guns,  and 

left  bank  of  the  Indus,  and  when  20  swivel  pieces.     Their  levies 

he  beard  of  the  afiair  at  Mooltan,  fought   bravely,  and   showed   no 

he  crossed  the  river  into  the  Dee-  disposition  to  fraternize  with  the 

ngat,  whence  he  wrote  to  the  Khan  rebels.     A  small  body  of  Beloo- 

of  Bhawulpore  (which  lies  to  the  chees,  also,  under  one   of  their 

S.S.E.   of  Mooltan)  to    make  a  chiefe,  joined  the  English  party, 

demonstration  which  should   pre-  and  behaved  exceedingly  well, 

vent  Moolraj  from  executing  any  The  smallnese  of  the  body  serr- 

des^  against    him    (Lieutenant  ing  under  the  command  of  ^e  two 

Edmrdea},oragBinBt  Colonel  Cort^  British   officers    rendered  it  im- 

landt,  who  commanded  the  garrison  portant  that  they  should  be  rein- 

of  Bhera  Ismael  Khan;   and  the  forced  by  the  troops  sent  by  our 

Khan  lost  no  time  in  preparing  to  ally,  the  Khan  of   Bhavmlpore ; 

Kt      A  party  of  SOO  horse  had  and  to  effect  this  object.  Lieutenant 

been  left  by  Lieutenant  Edwardes  Edwardes  and  Colonel  Cortlandt 

to  complete  the  collection  of  the  crossed  the  Indos  on  the  10th  and 

levenne  at  Leiah,  where  they  were  11th  of  June.     Moolraj,  however, 

attacked,  on  the  18th  of  May,  by  determined,  if  possible,  to  prevent 

400  Mooltan  horse,  with  ten  zum-  this  junction;  and  he  accordingly 

boomks    (light    field-guns),    who  passed  the  Cbenab  on  tbe  14th, 

were  completely  defeated,  with  the  leaving  a  strong  detachment  on 

loss  of   their   guns.     Meanwhile,  the  other  hank,  which  marched  to 

Colonel  Cortlandt,  with  his  force.  Khan  Ohor,  but  crossed  the  fol- 

amounting  to  about  4000    men,  lowing  day,  in  consequence  of  the 


430] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848. 


[TtKUa. 


Bdvauce  of  our  force.  Lieutenant 
Edwariiea  having,  with  his  caTalry, 
reached  Khan  Ghor  on  the  very 
day  the  Mooltanees  quitted  it.  On 
the  1 6th  he  was  joined  bj  the  guns 
and  in&ntrj  under  Colonel  Cort- 
landt,  and  their  camp  wae  formed 
about  a  mile  from  the  Chenab,  the 
enemy  being  encamped  on  the  op- 

eaite  side.  In  the  mean  time,  the 
bawulpore  troops  had  arrived 
within  twelve  miles  of  the  enemy, 
and  Lieutenant  Edwardes,  being 
unable  to  procure  boats  to  cross 
the  river,  on  the  bank  along  which 
those  troops  were  marching,  re- 
tired to  Oungawallah,  opposite  to 
which  place  £e  Bhawulpore  force 
was  encamped,  about  ttu^e  miles 
from  the  gbat  During  the  night 
about  3000  of  his  new  levies  joined 
the  Ehan's  camp,  while  the  enemy 
was  stationed  at  Bugnrarah,  only 
four  miles  distant.  Early  on  the 
18th  of  June,  Lieutenant  E^' 
wardee  crossed  the  Chenab  at 
Noonaree,  about  five  miles  from 
Soojabad,  with  the  remainder  of 
his  force,  leaving  the  horses  and 
artilleiy  to  follow ;  and  the  Mool- 
tan  troops,  who  had  marched  up 
from  Bugnrarah,  immediately  at- 
tacked him,  before  Colonel  Gort- 
landt  had  time  to  join  him  with 
his  gnns.  The  action  commenced 
soon  after  sunrise  and  lasted  for 
nine  hours.  The  result  might 
have  been  doubtful  had  not  two  of 
Cortlandt's  regimenta  come  up  at 
a  cridcsl  moment  with  six  guns, 
and  after  an  obstinate  conflict  the 
enemy  gave  way  and  fled,  leaving 
behind  them  six  guns,  and  all  their 
boggle  and  stores. 

Moolrsj  now  fell  back  upon 
Mooltan,  and  was  followed  by  the 
Britiah  and  their  allies,  who  were 
strengthened  on  the  SBth  of  June 
by  the  aocession  ot  a  body  of  4000 


soldiers  under  the  command  of 
Sheikh  Emanm-ood-deen.  This 
brought  up  our  numbers  to  about 
16,000  men. 

On  the  let  of  July,  Moolraj 
marched  out  of  the  town  of  Mool- 
tan  and  entrenched  his  force  be- 
hind a  strong  breastwork  near  the 
village  of  Sadoosam.  Our  columns 
soon  came  up,  and  a  severe  en- 
gagement of  six  hours'  duration 
took  place,  which  terminated  in 
the  complete  defeat  of  the  insure 
gents,  who  fled  in  disorder  into  the 
town.  The  loss  on  our  side  in  tfals 
action  consisted  of  eightMn  killed 
and  seventy  wounded. 

It  was,  however,  impossible  for 
Lieutenant  Edwardes,  with  the  in- 
adequate force  and  matenal  which 
he  possessed,  to  undertake  the 
siege  of  such  a  fortress  as  Mooltan, 
and  he  applied  to  Sir  Frederick 
Currie,  the  British  Resident  at 
Lahore,  for  a  reinforcement  and 
some  heavy  artillery.  In  the  mean 
time  he  encamped  his  troops  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  place,  and  kept 
a  close  watch  upon  the  movements 
of  the  enemy;  until,  on  the  18th 
of  August,  Oeneral  Whish  arrived 
from  Lahore,  with  H.  M.  10th 
regiment,  a  troop  of  horse  artillety, 
the  Tth  irregular  horse,  and  the  Stb 
and  53iid  N.  I.  He  assumed  the 
command  of  the  besieging  forces, 
and  was  on  the  following  day  joined 
by  a  column  from  Ferozepore,  oon- 
sistiug  of  H.  M.  SQnd  foot,  a  luU«r- 
ing  train  of  30  heavy  guns,  a  troop 
of  horse  artillery,  the  Ilth  regular 
and  the  11th  irregular  cavalry,aQd 
the  49th,  Gist,  and  Tand  N.  I.  By 
means  of  this  addition  the  force 
assembled  round  the  walls  of 
Mooltan  amounted  to  about  38,000 
men,  of  whom  6000  were  British. 

But  disturbances  now  arose  in 
another  quarter.    Early  in  Sep- 


JiBlU.] 


HISTORY. 


[431 


tomber  s  mutiny  broke  out  amongst 
the  Sikh  troops  in  the  Hazareh 
country,  which  lies  to  the  N.W.  of 
the  Punjab,  and  of  which  Sirdar 
Chuttur  Singh,  the  iather  of  Baja 
Shere  Singh,  was  governor,  and 
an  attempt  was  made  by  them  to 
seize  the  fortress  of  Attock ;  but 
this  vaa  defeated  by  the  prompti- 
tude and  enei^  of  Ufyor  Law- 
rence, the  Aaaisumt  at  Peshavrur, 
who  despatched  Lieutenant  Ki- 
cholson  at  the  head  of  a  detach- 
ment of  cavalry  and  infantry  to  take 
possession  of  the  fort,  which,  by 
means  of  a  forced  march,  he  was 
enabled  to  do.  Chuttur  Singh, 
bowe*er,  hod  now  fairly  thrown  off 
the  mask,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
■end  reinforcements  from  Jollun- 
der  and  Peshawur  to  enable  Lieu- 
tenant Nicholson  and  our  political 
agent  in  the  Hazareh  district. 
Captain  Abbott,  to  hold  their 
ground. 

Subaeqnently,  in  the  early  part 
of  November,  M^or  Lawrence  was 
obliged  to  fly  from  Peehawur,  in 
consequence  of  the  approach  of 
Chuttur  Singh,  and  the  mutiny 
of  the  Sikh  troops  stationed  in  the 
fort.  He  retired,  accompanied  by 
Mrs.  Lawrence  and  Lieutenant 
Bowie,  to  Kohat,  where  they  sought 
refuge  under  the  protection  of 
Mahommed  Ehan.  They  were 
however  afterwards  given  up  as 
prisoners  to  Chutter  Singh,  who 
treated  them  with  kindness  and 
attention.  On  the  13th  of  Decem- 
ber, Major  Lawrence  was  brought 
to  the  camp  of  Shere  Singh,  with 
the  view,  no  doubt,  tiiat  he  might 
be  employed,  if  necessary,  in  ne- 
gotiatioDS  with  the  British. 

Several  skirmishes  and  some 
sharp  firing  took  place  before 
Mooltan  a  few  days  previous  to  the 
13th  of  S^tember,  on  which  day 
General   Wbish    determmed    to 


make  a  general  attack  upon  the 
outworks  of  the  towni  A  party  of 
the  enemy  had  strongly  entrenched 
themselves  in  a  garden  and  village 
near  the  walls,  and  a  body  of  our 
troops,  2600  in  number,  marched 
at  daybreak  under  the  command  of 
Brigadier  Harvey  against  this  post, 
which,  after  a  severe  struggle  and 
much  loos,  was  carried,  anaall  the 
defensible  points  on  that  side  of 
the  city  were  taken.  The  follow- 
ing narrative  of  the  contest  from 
an  eye-witness  appeared  in  the 
DMi  Gazette  :— 

"  After  taking  this  second  in- 
trenchment,  and  setting  fire  to  it, 
away  we  went  at  the  enemy's 
trenches ;  but,  after  advancing  and 
firing  into  them  for  some  time, 
and  just  as  we  had  got  dose  up  to 
them,  they  brought  out  such  a  fire 
of  guns,  Jingab,  zumbooruks,  bows 
and  arrows,  &c.,  upon  us,  that  we 
were  obliged  to  fall  back  m  maue 
upon  the  second  intrenchment  we 
had  taken,  and  when  there  the 
men,  both  European  and  native, 
mounted  the  ^ills,  determined 
that  not  a  soul  should  escape. 
Certainly  the  massacre  that  took 
place  within  a  taeekhana  (inclosed 
on  all  sides  by  loop-holed  walls, 
and  intreDched  all  round)  was 
something  awful  to  one  who  had 
never  been  on  service  before."  * 

Neit  day  the  Mooltanese  troops 
made  a  desperate  attack  on  Lieu- 
tenant EdwaJdes's  camp,  but  were 
repelled,  and  our  troops  carried  an- 
other important  outwork.  But  at 
this  critical  juncture  an  unlooked- 
for  circumstance  occurred,  which 

■  In  IhiiactioaweTB  killed  the  follow 
inn  offlceni— Col  R.  T.  R.  Paltoun, 
92nd  footi  Major  T.  S.  Mantiumbeit, 
lOlb  fbol;  Quutemufier  G.  T»lor, 
92nd  foot ;  Lieut.  T.  Cubilt,  49ib  N.  L  ; 
and  Etmga  C.  C  Uoji,  8th  N.  I,  (cut 
down  whUe  perisjiog  mtb  tbe  enemj). 


432] 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848. 


[India. 


proved  the  folly  of  placing  any  reli- 
ance upon  the  fidelity  of  the  Siltha. 
Early  on  the  morning  of  the  14th 
Shere  Singh  went  over  to  the  enemy 
with  the  whole  of  his  troops,  amount- 
ing to  about  GOOO  men,  and  in  con- 
sequence of  this  defection  the  siege 
was  rueed  on  the  ICth,  and  the 
army  was  withdrawn  to  a  position 
a  few  milea  from  Uooltan.  What 
had  at  first  been  considered  as  an 
isolated  act  of  contumacy  on  the 
part  of  Uoolrt^,  assumed  now  a 
more  serious  aspect,  and  it  became 
evident  that  we  ahonld  have  to 
engage  m  another  struggle  with 
the  whole  of  the  fierce  soldiery  of 
the  Sikhs,  whose  spirit  was  no- 
ways disheartened  by  the  terrible 
results  of  their  former  collision 
with  British  troops.  A  large  force 
was  ordered  to  assemble  at  Fero- 
zepoor,  under  the  orders  of  Lord 
Oough,  the  Commander-in-Chief, 
and  preparations  on  a  lai^e  scale 
were  made  for  crushing  this  formi- 
dable rebellion. 

On  the  9th  of  October  Shore 
Singh  quitted  Mooltan  with  a  body 
of  6000  men  and  13  guns,  and 
proceeded  along  the  line  of  the 
Cbenab  towards  tbe  N.W.  His 
&tfaer,  Chuttur  Singh,  at  the  same 
time  marched  southwards  to  join 
him,  and  about  the  Slst  of  October 
the  two  Sikh  forces  effected  ajunc- 
tion  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Wuz- 


It  is  supposed  that  the  two  chiefs 
were  before  long  at  the  head  of  not 
fewer  than  90,000  men,  and  their 
conduct  proved  theii  determina- 
tion to  try  tbe  issue  of  anodier  great 
Btmggle  for  supremacy  in  the  Pun- 
jab. Chutt«r  Singh,  however,  soon 
afterwards  returned  to  the  Hazareh 
country,  but  left  strong  reinforce- 
ments with  his  son,  Shere  Singh. 
In  the  mean  time,  troops  from 
the  Bombay  army  were  rapidly  sent 


wo  to  join  the  force  collecting  at 
Ferozepoor;  but  for  some  time  no 
event  of  any  importance  occurred, 
and  both  parties  were  busied  in  pre- 
paring for  the  approaching  contest 
About  the  middle  of  November 
our  army  was  assembled  at  Seha- 
ran,  and  Lord  Gough  joined  it 
there  on  the  21st  of  that  month, 
when  he  immediately  assumed  the 
active  command,  "^le  position  of 
the  British  farces  at  this  time  was 
nearly  the  centre  of  the  Putyab, 
tbe  Chenab  being  the  middle  of 
the  five  rivers  by  which  it  ia 
watered,  and  the  scene  of  action 
being  almost  midway  between  the 
source  of  that  river  and  its  jtmc- 
tion  with  the  Indus.  On  its  left 
bank,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from 
the  stream,  stands  the  town  of 
Baronuggur,  at  which  point  Shere 
Singh  had  taken  up  his  position. 
Opposite  Ramnuggnr  the  river 
Chenab  makes  a  bend,  and  its 
breadth  is  sufficient  to  allow  of  a 
small  island  in  mid-channel,  con- 
taining about  two  acres  of  gnmnd. 
It  was  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
river  that  the  main  body  of  the 
enemy  was  posted,  but  the  island 
was  held  by  a  strong  detachment 
of  some  4000  men,  with  a  battery 
of  six  guns ;  and  Ramnnggnr  itself, 
together  with  a  grove  of  trees  on 
the  left  bank,  opposite  the  island, 
had  also  been  occupied  and  forti- 


fied. 

At  S  o'clodi  in  tJie  morning  of 
the  Q3nd,  orders  were  issned  for  a 
strong  force  of  cavalry  and  in&ntiy 
to  parade  forthwith  silently  and  in 
marching  order,  in  front  of  the 
camp.  After  the  word  to  advance 
bad  been  given  the  troops  moved 
forward  in  darkness  to  Bam- 
nuggur,  and  passing  that  place, 
marched  towards  the  left  bank  of 
the  river,  when  the  strength  and 
situation  of  the  enemy  be«une  ap- 


I***]                        HISTORY.  .   [433 

parent.  Their  main  fiiroe  occupied  lock,  and  6th  Light  Gavali?,  to 
the  right  hank,  bat,  besides  the  attack  this  strong  body  of  Sikh 
detachment  on  the  island,  there  aivaXry,  and  follow  them  to  their 
still  remained  on  the  left  bank  hatteries.  The  tnx^  with  ala- 
aome  troops  which  had  just  retired  critj  obeyed,  and  the  Sikhs,  giving 
firom  Ramnuggor.  The  main  cban-  nay,  retreated  across  the  nullah, 
Del  of  the  Chenab  lay  between  the  down  the  bank  of  which  our  cavaliy 
island  and  the  right  bank,  and  over  chaived ;  and  although  met  by  a 
this  the  communication  between  murderous  fire,  they  cut  their 
the  main  body  and  the  troops  in  way  through  the  enemy,  and  then 
the  island  was  kept  up  by  boats,  returning,  reformed,  and  a  second 
On  the  other  aide,  that  is  to  say,  time  chained.  The  Sikh  guns 
between  the  island  and  the  left  were  in  the  mean  time  playing  upon 
bank,  the  channel,  or  nutioA,  as  it  these  brave  horsemen  wiui  de- 
is  ealled,  was  fordaUe,  being,  in  struclive  effect,  and  Colonel  Hare- 
fact,  little  more  than  a  sandy  water  lock  fell  during  the  second  charge, 
coarse,  about  30  yards  wide,  par"  Colonel  King  then  formed  Uie 
tially  filled,  with  a  BteOT>  b.u  of  line  again,  and  a  third  time  led 
four  or  five  feet  from  ui»  hank,  them  to  the  attack.  At  this  mo- 
Thb  nuUah  was  commanded  by  ment  General  Cureton  came  up 
the  cross-fire  (f  two  batteries  on  vrith  orders  from  the  Commander 
the  right  bank,  and  by  the  point-  in-Chief  that  they  should  retire ; 
blank  fire  of  the  six  guns  on  the  but  he  had  haraly  uttered  the 
island.  words  before  he  was  struck  by  two 
When  the  British  troops  came  matchlock  balls,  and  fell  dead, 
np,  small  parties  of  Sikhs,  still  re-  Captain  Fitzgerald  was  also  mor- 
maining  on  the  left  bank  of  the  tally  wounded, 
river,  were  driven  by  the  cavalry  The    squadron   was    now  with- 

eio  Srd  Dragoons  and  the  81b  dravm,  and,  although  the  left  bank 
ght  Cavalry)  across  it.  The  of  the  river  was  cleared  of  the 
Horse  Artillery  pushed  on  through  enemy,  we  had  to  mourn  die  loss 
deep  sandi  opening  their  fire  upon  of  three  distinguished  officers,  and 
the  enemy  on  the  other  side,  but  many  brare  soldiers,  whose  lives 
soon  found  that  their  6-pounders  were  lost  in  an  uselese  and  on- 
were  ill-matched  with  the  heavy  meaning  combat 
metal  of  the  enemy,  and  they  were  On  me  30th  of  November  Oe- 
compelled  to  retire,  leaving  behind  neial  Thackwell  vras  ordered  by 
one  of  their  guns  and  two  am-  Lord  Gough  to  march  with  a  strong 
munition  waggons,  which  were  too  body  of  troops  and  cross  the  river 
deeply  embedded  in  the  sand  to  above  Bamnuggur,  in  order  that 
be  moved.  The  enemy,  seeing  this,  he  might  take  the  Sikhs  in  the 
orossedoveralai^ebody  of  cavalry  fiank  and  rear,  while  the  Com- 
(3000  or  4000),  under  cover  of  mander-in- Chief  attacked  them  in 
ids  guns.  And  now  a  disastrous  front.  But  Shore  Sin^  was  too 
movement  ocourrad.  Our  troops  able  a  tactitian  to  be  thus  out- 
seem  to  have  been  quite  ignorant  mantnuvred.  He  did  not  wait  to 
of  the  real  nature  of  the  ground  be-  be  assaulted  by  General  Thack- 
fore  them ;  and  orders  were  most  well,  but  moved  forward  to  meet 
imprudently  given  to  the  14lh  him.  The  British  troops  crossed 
Dragoons,  led  by  Colonel  Have-  the  river  on  Uie  3nd  of  December,' 
Vol.  XC.  [3  F] 


484]   .         ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848.  lA«a. 

«nil  on  tfae  iMamng  &a.y,  u  tlie7  shell  practice ;  and  m  the  fort  « 
were  marching  upon  the  poaition  granmy  vu  set  fire  to,  and  sevenl 
which  the;  thought  tlie  enemy  Btill  small  magszinee  exploded, 
occupied  in  iVont  of  Bansnggor,  On  the  morning  of  the  30tb, 
they  were  suddenly  met  by  a  can*  the  [nincipal  magmrine  in  the  fort 
nonade  from  the  Sikh  force  ad-  blew  np  with  a  terrific  exploeioD, 
ranoing  along  the  left  bonk  of  throwing  a  Tast  column  of  dust 
the  river.  Oar  artillery  replied,  into  the  air.  This  e«eme  to  have 
though  not  for  some  time,  owing  been  attended  with  the  most  de- 
appareDtly  to  orders  btym  Lord  stmctiTe  conseqnencee  to  tl>e  be- 
Gongb,  that  Qeneral  Thackwell's  sieged,  and  a  seriotis  conflagration 
troops,  inexecutingthismantenTre,  immediately  ensued.  The  foUow- 
were  not  to  come  to  an  engagement  ing  account  b  from  the  pen  of  aa 
with  the  Sikhs.  Atlast,  after  long  eyewitness, 
md  hetTy  firing,  during  iriiich,  "  Yesterday  I  saw  one  of  ike 
however,  we  sustuned  only  slight  most  awfnl  and  grand  sighle  I  >m 
loss,  the  enemy  retired,  and  at  ever  likely  to  witness;  the  whole 
daybreak  next  momti^  it  was  of  Uoolraj's  prindpal  magazine, 
found  that  the  whole  Sikh  army  which  he  has  been  five  years  col- 
had  abandoned  their  position,  and  lecting,  was  blown  np  by  one  of 
marched  in  a  north-west  direo-  our  shells.  The  sboek  two  milcB 
tion  upon  the  Jhelum.  -off  knodted  botUes  off  tfae  tables. 
Let  ni  now  direct  our  attention  and  tho  report  was  terrific.  Tfae 
to  the  siege  operations  before  Mool-  prisoners  we  have  taken  say  it  ocm- 
tan,  where  a  strong  body  of  Bom-  tained  Id.OOOlbs.  of  powder.  It 
bay  troops  joined  General  Whish  all  blew  up  with  one  fri^tful  «z- 
on  the  2lBt  of  December.  Our  plosion.  All  his  pnnoipol  bonsea, 
-force  there  now  amounted  to  about  temples,  tea.,  aa  well  aa  about  BOO 
82,000  man,  of  whom  15,000  were  men,  were  blown  up ;  but  tfae  city, 
British,  and  the  reet  consisted  c^  where  many  of  his  troops  were, 
the  heterogeneous  troops  of  onr  was  nstoucned;  neither  are  tfae 
Indian  allies.     We  had  also  lliO  walls  of  the  batdementa  of  the  foit 

S'ecee  of  artillery.  On  the  JtTth,  iifjured.  He  kindly  sent  us  word 
eneial  Whish  having  determined  next  day,  to  say  he  had  still  enough 
on  a  general  attack,  ordered  the  powder  and  shot  to  hold  out  Ue 
besieging  army  to  advance  in  four  siege  for  twelve  months,  and  we 
columns,  andUie  enemy  abandoned  were  to  do  our  worst,  as  he  would 
the  suburbs,  so  that  we  were  able  hold  out  as  long  as  a  siiigle  stone 
to  take  up  a  position  within  five  of  his  fort  would  stand.  When 
hundred  yards  of  the  walls.  Bat-  we  sent  in  to  summon  tfae  fort  to 
teries  were  C(»istruoted  in  every  surrender,  he  very  coolly  rammed 
direction,  and,  on  the  morning  of  the  letter  down  bis  longest  gon, 
the  tlSth,  a  genOTsl  cannonade  and  and  fired  it  at  us.  But  about  the 
bombardment  commenced.  By  the  explosion.  At  first  we  felt  a  alight 
S9tb,  so  dose  had  the  beeiegeie  shock,  like  that  of  an  eerthquaaa, 
arrived  to  the  city-walls  that  their  and  then,  a  second  or  two  lAet- 
-heavy  guns  were  breaching  them  wards,  such  a  tremendous  and  pro- 
mt a  £stanoe  of  no  more  than  longed  report,  that  it  was  like  an 
.ei^ty  yards.  Great  damage  was  aw&l  clap  of  thunder.  I  hardly 
'cmsed  in  the  town  by  our  shot  and  know  what  to  Uken  it  to-^t  was 


CWrf*.]                     HISTORY.  [436 

BO  inconoMraUf  gnund ;    then  a  diotiMis  tA  general  [maperity  and 

maas  of  duet  kom   to   the  veij  oonUaUnent   in  aU  the  distriola 

douda,  jet  BO  perfeidljr  distinot  wu  which  I  viaHed.    With  the  view 

its  oatline,   and  it  was  ao  deuae  of  maturing  a  plan  for  plaicing  the 

and  thick,  that  nobody  at   firat  Post-office  in  British  North  Ame- 

Muld  toll  what  it  was.    It  looked  rioa  on  an  improved  footing,  Ooai- 

like  an  inunenae  aolid  bsown  tree,  missiooen  from  the  aeveml  pro- 

aoddenl;  grown  up  to  tha  skies,  vioces  assembled  lately  at  my  sng- 

aud  then  it  gradually  expanded,  geadon  in  Montreal     I  trust  thi^ 

and  slowly  sailed  away."  it  will  be  in  my  power,  before  the 

During  the  night  a  breach  waa  close  of  the  ■eBsion,  to  bring  under 

feffected  in  the  Delhi  gate  of  the  your  consideraliiKi  a  measure  for 

city,  and  next  day  another  alao  at  effectittg    this    important    object 

the  Bohnr  gate.     The  cannonade  The  information  which  I  have  re- 

waa  oondnaed  almoat  without  in-  ceived  enables  me  to  state  that  a 

tenniwkm  daring  the  next  two  good  and  practicable  line  of  rail- 

d^;  and  on  the  Slat  the  Sikha  way  between  Quebec  and  Halifox 

made  a  sortie  from  the  son^-west  has  been  discovered  by  the  ofGcera 

gate,  uid  attacked   the  division  to  whom  this  exploration  was  con- 

onder  M^or  Edwerdes  (who  had  Med.     The  dietress  and  Buffeting 

for  his  gallantly  been  promoted  t«  by  which  last  year's  immigration 

Ibat  rank)  and  Lieutenant  Lake,  to  the  province  waa  attended  have 

but  they  wme  driven  back  wiili  oooaeioned  me  the  deepest  conoera. 

great  lose.  Her  Utyea^'s  Government  have 

Here  otiT  narrative  most  close,  bestowed  on  the  sulject  the  most 
uid  we  reserve  for  our  next  anxious  consideration,  vrith  a  view 
viriume  an  account  of  the  further  to  the  introduction  of  euch  pro- 
operations  against  Ifooln^  and  visions  into  the  Imperial  Passen- 
Shere  Singh.  gers'  Act  as  may  afford  a  security 
against   the   reourrenoe  of    these 

OANADA.— On  the  28tb  of  Fe-  disasters.     It  will  be  for  you  to 

bniaiy  the  firat  Session  of  the  new  detormine  whether  it  nut;  not  be 

Paiiiament    was    opened    by   the  advisable  to  pase  some  provincial 

Govsmtw- General,  who  delivered  enaclmeat  which  ahall  have  the 

the  following  speech: —  effect  of  discoaraging  the   intro- 

_.       „      ,             ,    ,     r  duction  of  diseased  and  helpless 

"Hm.ae>uUmmo/tk*I^gaU$-  ^n^  j^to  the  province;   with- 

ttveCou^icU,  and  GmtUmen  of  ^^  however,  checking  the  tide  of 

tlu  LeguUmve  A^unMy.—  jj^aithy    immigiutdon     which     so 

"  I  have  called  you  together  at  powerfully  oontributes  to  ite  ad- 
Ihe  earliest  period  after  uie  diaso-  vancement  The  numerons  pro- 
lution  of  the  last  Parliament,  in  jecis  for  the  conetruotion  of  rail- 
order  that  I  Buy  avul  myaelf  of  waya.  introduced  into  tbe  Legis- 
yonr  advice  and  aaaiataiioe  in  the  latnre  in  each  soooeeding  session, 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  render  it  expedient,  with  a  view 
province.  During  the  recess,  I  to  uniformity  of  legislation,  and 
made  an  extonsive  tour  throi^h  theprotectionof  public  and  private 
the  province;  and  I  have  mndi  intoresta,  that  an  enactment  should 
eauetiwtiMi  in  informing  you  that  be  paeaed  embodying  the  provi- 
I  met  with  the  moat  gratifying  in-  aions  generally  applioaUe  to  such 

[a  P  8] 


436] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER.  1848. 


[Canada. 


underukiiiga.  I  comnieiid  this 
subject  to  your  consideratioii.  On 
tlieee  and  other  important  mattera 
I  ebsU  la;  before  yoa  commiinica- 
(ions  which  have  been  addressed 
to  me  by  Her  Mi^eaw'H  Secretary 
of  Stat«  for  the  Colonies.  The 
oonatitutiou  of  the  unlieruly  of 
King's  College,  &  more  equitable 
DKxle  of  assessment  in  Western 
Canada,  and  the  improvement  of 
the  system  of  judicature  iu  both 
Mctiona  of  the  province,  are  among 
the  sulgects  wbioh  will  probably 
engage  your  attentioB. 

"  {7«ntlain«n  of  the  Legulatiw  Ai- 

taniAy. — 

"I  shall  direct  the  public  ac- 
counts, with  the  eatimatea  for  the 
present  year,  to  be  submitted  to 
you.  I  feel  confident  that  you  will 
readily  grant  the  supplies  which 
are  neoessaiy  for  the  public  serrioe. 

"  Hon.    Qenllemen,   and    OtntU- 

"You  may  rely  on  my  dispo- 
sition to  co-operate  with  you  in  all 
measures  ouculated  to  promote 
the  public  welfare.  Canada  pos- 
sesses in  singular  abundanoe  the 
elements  of  prosperity  and  social 
happiness,  great  natural  capabili- 
ties, an  enterprising,  intelligeat, 
and  rapidly  inoreaaing  population, 
institutions  fitted  to  reconcile  li- 
berty with  order,  and  the  blesaing 
of  peace  secured  to  her,  under 
ProTidence,  by  the  patriotism  of 
her  sons  and  her  connexion  with  a 
State  which  is  both  just  and  power- 
ful. The  duty  of  turning  these 
advantBgee  to  account,  in  bo  far  as 
this  ol^ect  can  be  properly  effected 
by  l^islation,  devolves  upon  Par- 
liament. Qod  grant  that  we  ma; 
acquit  ourselves  of  the  responsi- 
bility with  fidelity  and  success." 

In  the  debate  which  ensued,  the 


followii^  amendment  was  proposed 
and  carried  by  a  vote  of  54  to  20, 
leaving  Ministers  in  a  minority 
of84:— 

••  That  the  words,  '  That  we  re- 
joice that  His  Excellency,  during 
hiB  recent  tour  through  the  pro- 
vince, has  met  with  the  most  gra- 
tifying indications  of  general  con- 
tentment and  prosperity  in  all  the 
districts  which  he  visited,'  be  ex- 
punged, and  the  following  inserted 
in  lieu  thereof, — 'That  we  rejoioe 
that  His  Ezoellenoy  derived  so 
nmdb  satis&otion  from  the  tsar 
which,  during  the  recess,  he  was 
envied  to  make  throi^h  the  pio- 

"And  dtat  the  words,— 'That 
we  agree  with  His  Elxcellency,  that 
Canada  possesses  in  singular  abun- 
dance,' to  the  end,  be  expunged, 
and  the  following  inserted  in  lieu 
thereof, — 'That,  with  the  posses- 
sion in  singular  abundance  of  the 
elements  of  prosperity  and  social 
happiness,  resulting  from  her  great 
natural  c^wbilities;  her  enter- 
prising, intelligent,  and  rapidly  in- 
creasing population;  from  institu- 
tions which  in  their  main  charac- 
teristics are  bo  well  fitted  to  recon- 
dle  liberty  with  order;  and  from 
the  blessings  of  peaoe  secured  to 
her,  under  Providenoe,  by  the  pa- 
triotism of  her  sons,  and  her  con- 
nexion with  a  State  which  is  both 
just  and  powerful — Canada  re- 
quires only  that  these  advantages 
should  be  turned  to  account  by  an 
equitable  and  constitutional  Qo- 
vemment,  and  by  wise  and  prac- 
tical legislation,  to  secure  tbose 
blessings  permanently  to  her  peo- 
ple. 

"  ■  That  we  feel  deeply  the  re- 
sponsibiUty  devolving  upon  Par- 
liament in  the  endeavour  to  ac- 
complish these  important  objects; 
and  we  cordially  jom  with  His  £i- 


Vfiiud  Stattt.]  HISTORY.  [437 

cellency  in  the  prayer  that  ne  may  States,  and  the  latt«r  undertook 

acquit  onrselTes  of  that  reaponsi-  the  payment  of  the  debt  due  from 

biliQ'  with  Bdeli^  and  auccees.  Afexico    to    American    creditors. 

"  '  That  we  feel  tti  however,  to  When  the  President  sent  the  mes 

be  our  fastnblfl  duty  to  submit  to  sage  he  stated  that  the  debt  of  the 

His  Excellency,  that  it  ia  eesentiol  Union,  including  the  amount  of  the 

to  the   satisiBctory  reaolt  of  our  sixteen  million  loan  and  all  Trea- 

deliberations  on  the  important  sub-  sury  notes  outstanding  or  autho- 

jects  to  which  His  Excellency  has  rized  to  be  issued,  amounted  to 

been  gracioualy  pleased  to  direct  Bixty-flve  millions  and  three-qnar- 

our  attention,  ana  on  other  matters  ters    of  dollars ;  of  which  about 

of  public  concern,  that  Her  Mo-  seTcnteen  millions  and  three  quar- 

jeaty'e  Provincial    Administration  teis  were  outstanding  before  the 

ehonld  possess  the  confidence  of  war — making  the  war  debt  amount 

this  House  and  of  the  country,  to  forty-eight  millions  of  dollara. 

and   respectfully  to  represent  to  To  this  sum,  however,  in  reckon- 

His  Excellent  that  that  confidence  ing  the  whole  cost  of  the  war,  had 

is  not  reposed  in  the  present  ad-  to  be  added  the  income  of  two 

visers  of  His   Excellency."     In  years,  the  balances  existing  in  the 

consequeitoe  of  this  defeat  the  Mi-  Treasury  at  the  beginning  of  the 

nistry  resigned.    ^  war.  and  the  price  of  the  peace — 
three  millions  pud  on  exchange  of 

UNITED  STATES.  —  The  the  ratification,  twelve  millions  to 
chief  snlgecta  of  interest  in  the  be  paid  in  four  annual  inetalmenta 
bistoiy  of  the  United  States  dur-  for  the  ceded  territories  of  New 
ing  this  year  were  three  in  num'  Mexico  and  California,  and  three 
ber.  ].  The  termination  of  the  millions  more  for  the  debt  of 
war  with  Mexico,  and  treaty  of  Mexico  to  American  claimants, 
peace.  3.  The  discovery  of  gold  which  the  Government  of  the 
mines  in  California,  which  was  United  States  assumed.  The  Pre- 
ceded to  the  United  States  by  the  sident  added  his  belief  that  these 
Mexican  treaty'.  9.  The  election  latter  obligations  would  be  dis- 
of  a  new  President.  charged  by  the  accumulation    of 

The  first  two  topics  are  so  fully  the  surplus  revenue,  without  the 

discussed   in  the   extracts  which  necessity  of  any  new  recourse  to 

we  Bobjoin  from  the  Message  of  loans. 

Mr.  Polk  to  Congress  at  the  close        The  discovery  of  gold  in  the 

of  his  Presidentiu  career,  that  we  Sacramento  and  other  rivers  of 

need  ouly  mention  that  negocia-  the  Californian  district,  in  qoan- 

tiona  for  a  treaty  of  peace  between  tities  which  almost  exceed  belief, 

the    United   Statea    and    Mexico  occasioned  throughout  America  the 

dragged  their  elow  length  along  wildest    exoitementj      Thousands 

during  the  first  six  months  of  the  haatoned  to  this  new  El  Dorado, 

presentyear;  anditwaanotuntilthe  notwithstanding  the  enormous  dis- 

6th  of  July  that  the  President  an-  lance  and  great  difficult}  of  access; 

nounced  in  a  Message  to  Congress  and,  although  they  certainly  found 

that  he  had  received  the  ratjfica-  gold  in   abundance,  the  price  of 

tion  of  the  treaty.     By  this  the  eveiything  rose   in    such  a    pro- 

tenitoiies  of  New  Mexico  and  Ca-  portion  l£at  few  really  enriched 

lifoniia  were  ceded  to  the  United  themselves.     The    following   de- 


488]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.     [IhiuiSmm. 

ecription  of  the  scene  at  the  "  di^  is  taken  op  vtdi  large  borus, 
gings"  is  taken  from  an  American  shaped  spoon-foahum  at  the  terge 
paper.  end.  From  the  fiust  that  no 
•'Money  in  coin,  which  was  capital  isneceisary,  b7afiu^'com' 
enongfa  for  all  porposea  before  petition  in  labour  mthont  the  in- 
gold  waa  diacovered,  bad  grown  ao  noenoe  of  coital,  men  who  were 
scarce  that  the  dutiea  upon  im>  only  able  to  procare  one  month's 
ported  goods  oonld  not  be  paid  proriaions  haTe  now  tbousaada  of 
except  by  hypothecating  '  dust'  dollars  of  the  preoiooa  metal. 
Those  who  could  not  procure  bet-  The  labouring  class  have  now  be- 
ter  means  of  collecting  gold,  wan-  come  the  capitalists  of  the  country, 
dered  off  in  its  quest  with  tin  The  effect  produced  in  California 
pans,  buckets,  and  whatever  else  by  this  new  source  of  wealth  has 
Gonld  be  need  to  separate  the  been  anything  bnt  beneficial  to 
metal  from  the  earth  by  washing,  the  colony  or  advantageons  to  the 
There  are  now  about  4000  white  public  serrioe.  The  New  York  To- 
persons,  besides  a  number  of  In-  Innteers,  as  soon  as  they  were  dis- 
dians,  engaged  at  the  tninea  ;  and,  banded,  repaired  to  the  gold  re- 
from  the  net  that  no  capital  is  gion, Colonel  Stevenaonwitb  them; 
required,  they  are  working  in  com-  and  every  artkle  of  merchandize, 
paniea  on  equal  shares,  or  alone  food,  or  clothing,  had  riaeq  in 
with  their  basket.  In  one  part  of  value  to  an  exorbitant  eit«nt. 
the  mine,  called  the  '  dry  diggins,'  The  epidemic  was  imiversal.  The 
no  other  implement  is  necessary  crews  of  whale  shipe  and  other 
than  an  ordinary  sheath  knife  to  commeroial  Teasels  nad  deserted 
pick  the  gold  from  the  rocks.  In  for  the  enchanted  region,  as  well 
other  parts,  where  the  gold  is  as  the  enlisted  men  in  the  United 
washed  out,  the  maohineiy  is  venr  States  servioe." 
simple,  being  an  ordinary  trough  During  the  great  part  of  the 
madeofp1ank,ronndatthe bottom,  present  year  the  engrossing  topic 
about  ten  feet  long,  and  two  feet  of  interest  in  the  United  States 
wide  at  the  top,  with  a  riddle  or  was  the  forthcoming  contest  for 
sieve  at  one  end  to  catch  the  the  Presidency.  There  were  three 
larger  gravel,  and  three  or  four  candidates — General  Taylor,  Ge- 
small  bars  aoroas  the  bottom,  neial  Cass,  and  Mr.  Martin  Ton 
about  half  an  inch  high,  to  keep  Buren.  General  Case  was  chiefly 
the  gold  from  going  out  mth  the  distinguished  1:^  his  hostility  to 
dirt  and  water  at  the  lower  end.  Great  Britain,  (a  feeling  which  he 
This  machine  is  aet  upon  rockers,  had  taken  every  o[^rtnnity  to 
which  gives  a  half-rotary  motion  to  avow,)  and  moderate  men  were  dis- 
the  water  and  dirt  inside.  But  inclined  to  support  him,  as  they 
die  larger  number  nse  nothing  foresaw  that,  if  he  were  elected,  a 
but  a  targe  tin  pan  or  an  Indian  war  with  Uiis  country  would  be  no 
bosket,  in  which  they  place  the  improbable  contingency.  Van  Bu- 
dirt  and  shake  it  until  the  gold  ren  had  the  prettige  of  long  dvil 
gets  to  the  bottom,  and  the  dirt  is  service,  but  this  weigbed  bnt 
carried  over  the  side  in  the  shape  lightly  in  the  scde  against  mili- 
of  muddy  water.  It  is  necessary  tsry  reputation,  and  General  Tay- 
in  some  cases  to  have  a  crowbar,  lor,  who  had  brought  the  Mexican 
pick,  and  shovel ;  but  a  great  deal  war   to   a  sncceswul  t 


tMMiSwM.]               HISTORY,  [43» 

was  the  dedded  &Touiite.  The  Bean  nuxim,  lo  deeply  engnven 
oonteet,  in  &ct,  laj  between  him  on  the  heerU  of  our  people,  that 
toad  Geaerol  Gaos ;  snd  the  rMult  the  will  of  the  miyority,  conetita- 
was,  that  General  Taylor  was  tionallj  ezpresaed.  shall  prevail,  ia 
elected  in  the  month  of  November  onr  sure  Bofeguard  against  force 
bj  a  oonsiderable  miyorit;.  The  and  violence.  It  is  a  sulgect  of 
electoral  votea  of  the  States  were  jost  pride  that  our  &me  and  ahsn 
as  follows :—  racter  as  a  nation  continue  n^idly 
For  GenonU  Tajlor  .  163  »  «)™«  »  the  e«iii«d«.  of  the 
OonorriOaii  ISr  omb^d  "O'U-  To  om  mm  «iid 
„  uoneral  K,m  .  .  ^  j^  imtitalioii.  il  i«  to  bo  attri- 
«  I  ^.  /  -  n„_  T.„i^.  OR  butod,  that,  wbUe  othor  lutioas 
M,^or,tj  for  Geo.  Taylor  86  b„,  ^hi,„d  gloj,  at  tko  ptjoe  of 
On  the  4th  of  December  a  new  the  sufiering,  distress,  and  im- 
Senion  of  Congress  was  opened,  poTerisfament  of  their  people,  we 
which  was  to  last  for  three  months  nave  won  our  honourable  position 
until  the  4th  of  March.  1849,  in  the  midat  of  an  uninterrupted 
when  General  Taylor,  the  new  prosperity,  and  of  an  increasing 
President,  will  b^n  his  term  of  individod  comfort  and  happiness, 
office.  Od  the  6th,  Mr.  James  I  am  happy  to  infonn  you  that  onr 
Knoi  Polk  sent  his  annual  mes*  relations  with  all  nations  are 
ssge  as  Preaideut  to  Ctnigress,  friendly  and  pacific.  Advantageous 
and  enormous  as  has  been  the  treaties  of  oommerce  have  been 
length  of  similar  communications  concluded  within  the  last  four 
previously,  this  outdistanced  tbeD»  years  with  New  Graoada,  Peru, 
all.  It  occupied  upwards  of  nine  the  Two  Sicilies,  Belgium,  Han- 
columns  of  Uie  Timtt  newspiqper.  over,  Oldenbui^,  and  Mecklenburg- 
We  sdect  such  passages  as  are  Schwerin.  Pursuing  our  example, 
likely  to  interest  our  readers :—  the  restrictive  system  of  Great 
Omeral  Btvitv. — "  In  review-  Britain,  our  principal  foreign  cas- 
ing the  great  events  of  the  past  tomer,  has  been  relaxed;  a  more 
year,  and  contrasting  the  agitated  liberal  commercial  polity  has  been 
and  disturbed  state  of  other  coun-  adopted  by  other  enlighteoed  na- 
tries  with  our  owu  tranquil  and  tions,  and  our  trade  has  been 
happy  oondition,  we  may  cougra-  greatly  enlarged  and  extended, 
tulate  ourselves  that  we  are  the  Our  country  stands  higher  in  the 
most  favoured  pet^le  on  the  face  respect  of  the  world  toau  at  any 
of  the  earth.  While  the  people  of  former  period.  To  continue  to 
other  eountries  are  struggling  to  occupy  this  proud  position,  it  is 
establish  frae  institutions,  under  only  necessary  to  preserve  peace, 
which  man  may  govern  himself,  and  luthfully  adhere  to  the  great 
we  are  in  the  actual  enjoyment  of  and  fundamental  principle  of  our 
tbem — a  rich  inheritance  from  oar  foreign  policy  of  non-interference 
fathers.  While  enlighl«ned  tw-  in  the  domestic  concerns  of  other 
tiona  of  Eorope  are  convulsed  and  nations.  We  recognise  in  all  na- 
distraoted  by  civil  war  or  intestine  tions  the  r^hts  which  we  eqjoy 
strife,  we  settle  all  onr  political  ourselves  to  change  and  rei<»m 
controversies  by  the  peaceful  ex-  their  political  institutions  accord- 
erctse  of  the  rights  of  freemen  at  ing  u>  iheir  own  will  and  pleasure, 
the  ballot-box.    The  great  repub-  Hence  we  do  not  look  behind  >-- 


440]        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.     [United  Sum,. 

istiDg  Qovemments  capable  of  yoj  Extnordinaiy  and  Miniater 
nuuDtaining  their  own  authori^.  Plenipotentiary  of  the  Umt«d 
We  recognise  all  euch  actnal  Oo-  States  to  Mexico  has  been  re- 
veraments,  not  only  from  the  die-  ceived  and  accredited;  and  a 
tat«e  of  tme  policj,  bat  from  a  diplomatic  FepreaenlatiTe  from 
sacred  regard  for  die  independ-  Mexico  of  similar  rank  has  been 
ance  of  nations.  received  and  accredited  by  this 
"  While  this  is  our  settled  po-  Go*emment.  The  amicable  re- 
licy,  it  does  not  follow  that  we  can  lationa  between  the  two  countries, 
ever  be  indifferent  spectatora  of  which  had  been  suspended,  have 
the  progress  of  liberal  principles,  been  happily  reatored,  and  are 
The  OoTemment  and  people  of  destined,  I  trust,  to  be  long  pre- 
the  United  States  hailea  with  en-  served.  The  two  republics,  both 
thusiasm  and  delight  the  esta-  situated  on  this  continent,  and 
blishment  of  the  French  republic,  with  coterminous  territories,  have 
as  we  now  hail  the  efforts  in  pro-  every  motive  of  sympathy  and  of 
greas  to  unite  the  States  of  Qer-  interest  to  bind  uem  together  in 
many  in  a  confederation  similar  in  peipetual  ami^." 
many  respects  to  our  own  federal  Army  and  Navt/. — "The  war 
union.  If  the  great  and  enlight-  with  Mexico  has  demonstrated  not 
ened  German  States,  occupying  as  only  the  ability  of  the  Oovem- 
they  do  a  central  and  commanaing  ment  to  organize  a  numerona  army 
position  in  Europe,  shall  succeed  upon  a  audden  call,  but  also  to 
m  establishing  ouch  a  confederated  provide  it  with  all  the  munitions 
Government,  securing  at  the  same  and  neoessaiy  supplies  with  de- 
time  to  the  citizens  of  each  stete  spatch,  convenience,  and  ease,  and 
local  governments  adapted  to  the  to  direct  ite  operations  with  effi- 


peculiar  condition  of  each,  with  un- 


restricted trade   and    Interoonrse    stitutions  has  not  only  been  dis- 


with  each  other,  it  will  be  a 


portant    era    in    the    history    of    our  troops  engaged  in 


human  events.    Whilst  it  will  cou' 


promote  the  cause  of  peace,  com- 
merce, civilization,  and  conetitu- 


ciency.     The  strength  of  our  in- 


ptayed  in  the  volonr  and  skill  of 


vice  in  the  field,  but  in  the  organ- 


Bolidate  and  strengthen  the  power    ization  of  those  executive  branches 
of  Germany,  it  must  essentially    which  were  charged  with  the  ge- 
neral direction  and  conduct  of  tl 


war.     While  too  great  praise  can- 


tional     liberty     thmughout     the  not  be  bestowed  upon  the  ofScers 

world.  and  men  who  fought  our  battles, 

"  With  all  the  Governments  on  it  would  be  ni^uBt  to  withhold 

this  continent  our  relations,  it  is  from  those  officers,  necessarily  sio- 

believed,    are    now    on    a    more  tioned  at  home,  who  were  charged 

friendly  and    satis&ctory  footing  with  the  duty  of  fumiahing  the 

than  they  have  ever  been  at  any  army,  in  proper  time  and  at  proper 

former  period."  places,  vnth  all  the  munitions  of 

Treaty  with  Mtmeo. — "Since  war  and  other  supplies  so  necessary 

the  exolunge  of  ratifications  of  the  to  make  it  efficient,  the  commend- 

trea^  of  peace  with  Mexico,  our  ation  to  which  they  are  entitled, 

intercourse  with  the  Government  The  credit  due  to  this  class  of  our 

of  that  republic  has  been  of  the  officers  is  the  greater,  when  it  is 

most  friendly  character.    The  En-  considered  that  no  army  in  ancient 


Vnittd  Stoto]  HISTORY.  [441 

or  modem  timee  was  ever  better  hae   been   asual    for  writers   on 

appointed  or  provided  than  our  public  law  to  impute  to  repablios 

army  in  Mexico.     Operating  in  an  a  want  of  that  unity,  concentration 

enemj'a  countiy,   removed    2000  of  purpose,  and  vigour  of  execu- 

miles  from  the  seat  of  the  Federal  tion,  which  are  generally  admitted 

Oovemment,    ita    different  corps  to  belong  to  the  monarchical  and 

spread  over  a  vast  extent  of  t«r-  aristocratio  forma;  and  this  feature 

ritory,  bnndreda  and  even  thou-  of  popular  government  has  been 

Bands  of  miles  apart  from  each  supposed   to   display  itself    more 

other,  nothing  short  of  the   un-  particularly  in  the  oonduct  of  a 

tiriDg  vigilance  and  ejttraordinary  war  carried  on  in  an  enemy's  ter- 

energy  of  these  officers  could  have  ritory.    The  war  with  Great  Bri- 

enabled  them  to  provide  the  army  tain,  in  1813,  'was  to  a  great  ex- 

at  all  points,  and  in  proper  season,  tent    confined    within    our    own 

with  all  that  was  required  for  the  limits,  and  shed  hut  little  light  on 

most  effldent  service.  the  subject     But  the  war  which 

"  It  is  but  an  not  of  justice  to  we  have  just  closed  by  an  honour- 
declare,  that  the  offlcera  in  charge  able  peace  evinces  beyond  all  doubt 
of  the  several  executive  bureaux,  that  a  popular  representative  Qo- 
all  under  the  Immediate  eye  and  vemmetit  is  equal  to  any  ovaeT- 
Btmervision  of  the  Secretary  of  gency  which  is  likely  to  arise  in 
Vfai,  performed  their  respective  the  afbirs  of  a  nation, 
duties  with  ability,  energy,  and  ef-  "  The  war  with  Mexico  lias  de- 
ficiency. They  have  reaped  less  veloped  most  strikingly  and  con- 
of  the  glory  of  the  war,  not  having  spictiously  another  feature  in  our 
been  peisonally  exposed  to  its  institutions.  It  is  that,  without 
perils  m  battle,  thtui  their  com-  cost  to  the  Oovemment  or  danger 
panions  in  anna ;  but,  without  to  our  liberties,  we  have,  in  we 
their  forecast,  efficient  aid,  and  co-  bosom  of  our  society  of  freemen, 
opetation,  those  in  the  field  would  available  in  a  just  and  necessary 
not  have  been  provided  with  tho  war,  virtually  a  standing  army  of 
ample  tneans  they  possessed  of  3,000,000  of  armed  citizen  BoliUera 
achieving  for  themselves  and  their  such  as  foi^ht  at  the  battles  of 
country  the  unfkding  honours  Mexico, 
which  they  have  won  for  both.  "  Bat  our  military  strength  does 

"  When  all  these  facts  are  con-  not  consiBt  alone  in  our  capaci^ 

sidered,  it  may  cease  to  be  a  mat-  for  extended  and  successful  opera- 

ter  of  so  much  amazement  abroad,  tions  on  land.     The  navy  is  an 

how  it  ha^ned  that  our  noble  important  arm  of  the  national  de- 

ftrmy   in    Mexico,    regulars    and  fence.    If  the  services  of  the  navy 

volunteers,  were  victorious  upon  were  not  so  brilliant  as  those  of  the 

every  battle-field,  however  feaml  army  in  the  late  war  with  Mexico, 

the  odds  against  them.  it  was  because  they  had  no  enemy 

"  The  War  with  Mexico  has  thus  to    meet  on   their  own  element, 

fully  developed  the  capacity  of  re-  While  the  army  had  opportunity 

publican  governments  to  prosecute  of  performing    more  conspicooos 

euccessfhlly  a  Just  and  necessary  service,  the  navy  largely  partici- 

foreign  war  with   all   the  vigour  pated  in  the  conduct  of  the  war. 

usually  attributed  to  more  arbi-  Both  branches  of  the  service  per- 

trary  forms  of  govemment.     It  formed  their  whole  duty  to  the 


442]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.    [Uniui  Suta: 

oODntrr-    For  tbe  aUe  aori  gslUnt  will  tend  paiMrfoUy  to  preserve  no. 

eerricea  of  ths  flffioan  and  men  of  from    foreign    ooUisions,   and    to 

tke  amrj — acting  independently  as  enable     us    to    pursue     unintsr- 

well  as  in  WMtperatioa  witli  our  ruptedly  our  dierished  policy  of 

troops,  in  the  conquest  of  the  Cali-  '  peace  vilii  all  nst«»is,  eotsogling 

fomias,  the  capture  of  Vent  Gniz,  alliances  with  none.' 

and  the  seizure  and  occupation  of  "  Oocnpyisg,  as  we  do,  a  more 

other  important  poeitiona  on  the  oommanding  position  aa»ng  na- 

Qulf  and  Pacific  coasts,  the  highest  tioos  than  at  any  former  peiiod, 

praise  is  due.      Their  yigilance,  oor  duties  and  our  reeponsiDilitiea 

energy,   and   skill    reoderod    the  to  ourselvee  and  to  posterity  are 

moateSiectiTeservice,  in  excluding  cMreapotidingly  increased.     This 

the  munitions  of  wsr  and  other  will  be  the  more  obvious  when  wq 

supplies  from  the  enemy,  while  consider  the  rest  additioDS  which 

they  secured  a  safe  entrance  for  have  been  recently  made  to  ooi 

abundant  enpplies   for   our   own  territorial  possessions,  and   their 

army.      Our   extended  commerce  great  importance  and  value." 

inu  nowhera  interrupted ;  and  for  TemtorialAcquimtioHt. — "Wlth- 

this  inununity  from  the  evils  of  in  tese  than  four  years  the  anuexa- 

war  the  country  is  indebted  to  the  tion  of  Texas  to  the  Union  has 

navy.  been  consummated  ;  all  conflicting 

"High praiseisduetothe officers  title  to  the  Oregon  territory, south 
of  the  several  esecutiTe  bweavx,  of  the  4Sth  degree  of  Dortb  lati- 
navy  yards,  and  stations  connected  tode,  being  all  that  was  insisted 
with  the  service,  «U  under  the  im-  on  by  any  of  my  predeoeasors,  baa 
mediate  direction  of  the  Secretary  been  adjusted ;  and  New  Mexioo 
of  the  Navy,  for  the  industry,  for»-  and  Upper  Oalifomia  have  been 
sight,  and  energy  vrith  which  eveiy-  acquired  by  treaty.  The  ana  of 
thmg  was  directed  and  furnished  these  sevend  torritories,  according 
to  give  efficiency  to  that  branch  of  to  a  report  carefully  prepared  t^ 
the  service.  The  same  vigilance  the  Commissioner  of  the  Oenend 
existed  in  directing  the  operations  Lend  Office  from  the  moat  au- 
of  the  navy  as  of  the  army.  There  thentic  information  in  his  pessee- 
was  concert  of  action  and  of  pur-  aion,  and  which  is  herewith  trans- 
pose between  the  beads  of  the  two  milled,  contains  1.103,061  square 
arms  of  the  service.  By  the  orders  miles,  or  763,650,040  acres :  while 
which  were  finnn  time  to  time  is-  the  area  of  the  remaining  29  states, 
sued,  onr  veasels  of  war  on  the  and  the  territory  not  yet  oi;ganized 
Pacific  and  the  Oulf  of  Mexico  intoetateB.esstof  the  Rocky  Moua- 
were  stationed  in  proper  time  and  tains,  contains  Q,0&9,613  square 
in  proper  positions  to  e»operate  miles,  or  1,318,136,058  acres, 
efficiently  with  the  axmj.  By  this  These  estimates  show  that  the  teni- 
means  their  combined  power  was  tories  recently  acquired,  and  over 
brought  to  bear  sucoessnilly  on  the  which  our  exGloeive  jurisdiction  and 
enemy.  dominion  have  been  extended,  con- 

"  The  great  results  wbu^  have  stitoto  a  country  more  than  half  aa 
been  developed  and  brought  to  large  as  all  that  which  was  held 
light  by  this  war  will  be  of  immea-  by  the  United  States  before  their 
Burable  importance  in  the  future  acquisition.  If  Orsgon  be  ex- 
progress  of  our  country.     They  eluded  from  the  estinuto,  thero 


Dmtsd  SUHM.] 


HISTORY. 


[44a 


irill  Btilt  remain  within  the  limits 
of  Texas,  Now  Ifoxioo,  and  Cali- 
fornia, 851,ft&B  square  miles,  or 
646,013,720  acres;  being  an  ad- 
dition oqnal  to  more  than  one- 
third  of  all  the  territoiy  owned  by 
the  United  States  before  their  ao- 
qoiaition;  and,  including  Oregon, 
nearly  as  great  an  extent  of  ter- 
ritory as  the  whole  of  Europe, 
Rossia  only  excepted.  The  Mia- 
sisBippi,  ao  lately  the  frontier  of 
our  conntiy,  is  now  only  its  centre. 
With  the  addition  of  the  lat«  ao- 
quintions,  the  United  States  are 
now  estimated  to  be  nearly  as  large 
as  the  whole  of  Europe.  It  is 
estimated  by  tiie  Superintendent 
of  the  Coast  Survey,  in  the  ac- 
companying report,  that  the  extent 
of  the  eea  coast  of  Texas  on  the 
Oulf  of  Uexico  is  upwards  of  400 
miles ;  of  the  coast  of  Upper  Ca- 
lifornia, on  the  Pociflo,  of  9l0 
miles;  and  of  Oregon,  including 
the  Struts  of  Fuca,  of  050  miles; 
making  the  whole  extent  of  sea  ctwat 
on  the  Pacific  lOSO  miles;  and 
the  whole  extent  on  both  the  Fa- 
rafic  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
20S0  miles.  The  length  of  the 
coast  on  the  Atlantic,  from  the 
northern  limits  of  the  United 
States,  ronnd  the  Capes  of  Florida 
to  the  Sabine  on  the  east«m  boun- 
daiy  of  Texas,  is  estimated  to  be 
8100  miles,  so  that  the  addition  of 
sea  coast,  including  Oregon,  is 
very  neorty  two-thirds  as  great  as 
all  we  possessed  before ;  and,  ex- 
cluding Oregon,  is  an  addition  of 
13T0  miles;  being  nearly  equal  to 
one-half  of  the  extent  of  coast 
whioh  we  possessed  before  these 
acquisitions.    We  have  now  three 

Eat  maritime  fronts — on  the  At- 
tic, the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
the  Pacific ;  mating,  in  the  whole, 
an  extent  of  sea  coast  exceeding 
6000  miles.    This  is  the  extent  of 


the  sea  coast  of  the  United  Statea, 
not  including  bays,  sounds,  and 
small  irregularities  of  the  main 
Aon,  and  of  the  aea  khmda.  If 
these  be  included,  the  length  of 
the  shore  line  of  coast,  as  esti- 
mated by  the  Superintendent  of 
the  Coast  Surrey,  in  his  report, 
woald  be  83,063  miles. 

"  It  would  be  difficult  to  caIonlat« 
the  value  of  these  immense  addi- 
tions to  our  territorial  possessions. 
Texas,  lying  contiguous  to  the 
western  bonndary  of  Louisiana, 
embrscing  within  its  limits  a  part 
of  the  navigable  tributary  waters 
of  the  Mississippi,  uid  an  exten- 
sive sea  coast,  could  not  long  have 
remained  in  the  hands  of  a  foreign 
power  without  Midangering  the 
peace  of  our  south-western  frontier. 
Her  products  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
tributaries  of  the  Mississippi  must 
have  songbt  a  market  through 
these  streams,  running  into  ud 
through  our  territory ;  and  the 
danger  of  irritation  and  collision 
of  interests  between  Texas,  as  a 
foreign  state,  and  oorselvee,  would 
have  been  imminent,  while  the 
embarrsssments  in  the  commercial 
intercourse  between  Uiem  must 
have  been  constant  and  unavoid- 
able. Had  Texas  bllen  into  the 
hands,  or  nnder  the  influence  and 
control,  of  a  strong  maritime  or 
military  foreign  power,  as  she 
might  have  done,  these  dangers 
would  have  been  still  greater. 
They  have  been  avoided  by  her 
voluntary  and  peaceful  annexation 
to  the  United  States.  Texas,  from 
her  position,  was  a  natural  and 
almost  indispensable  part  of  our 
territories.  Fortunately  she  has 
been  restored  to  our  country,  and' 
now  constitutes  one  of  the  states 
of  our  confederacy,  '  npon  an 
equal  footing  with  the  original 
states.'    The  salubrity  of  climate. 


444] 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848.    [VniudStaui: 


the  fertility  of  Boil,  pecnlior!; 
ail&pted  to  Uie  production  of  some 
of  our  moet  vtuiuble  staple  cotn- 
modities,  and  her  commercial  ad- 
vantAges,  must  Boon  make  her  one 
of  our  most  populous  states. 

"  New  Mexico,  though  situated 
in  the  interior,  and  wit}iout  a  sea 
coast,  is  known  to  contain  much 
fertile  land,  to  abound  in  rich 
mines  of  the  precious  metals,  and 
to  be  capable  of  sostaining  a  larg« 
popnlatioa.  From  its  position  it 
u  the  intermediate  and  connecting 
territoij  between  our  settlements 
and  our  ponesBions  in  Texas  and 
those  on  the  Pacific  coast." 

Gold  Minei  in  CaUfomia. — 
"  Upper  California,  irrespective  of 
the  vast  mineral  wealth  recently 
developed  there,  holds  at  this  day, 
in  point  of  value  and  importance, 
t»  tjie  rest  of  the  union,  the  same 
relation  that  Louisiana  dJd  when 
that  fine  territory  was  acquired 
from  France,  45  years  ago.  Ex- 
tending nearly  ten  degrees  of  lati- 
tude dong  the  Pacific,  and  em- 
brscinK  the  only  safe  and  commo- 
dious harboure  on  that  coast  for 
monj  hundred  miles,  with  a  tem- 
perate climate,  and  extensive  in- 
terior of  fertile  lands,  it  is  scarcely 
possible  to  estimate  its  wealth  until 
It  shall  be  brought  under  the  go- 
Ternment  of  our  laws,  and  its  re- 
sources fully  developed.  From  its 
position,  it  must  command  the 
rich  commerce  of  China,  of  Asia, 
of  the  islands  of  the  Pacific,  of 
Western  Mexico,  of  Central  Ame- 
rica, the  South  American  States, 
and  of  the  Russian  possessions 
bordering  on  that  ocean.  A  great 
emporium  wUl  doubtless  speedily 
arise  on  the  Califomian  coast, 
which  may  be  destined  to  rival  in 
importance  New  Orleans  itself. 
The  depdt  of  the  vast  commerce 
which  must  exist  on  the  Pacific 


will  probably  be  at  some  point  on 
the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  will 
occupy  the  same  relation  to  the 
whole  western  coast  of  that  oceofi, 
OS  New  Orleans  does  to  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  To  this  dep6t  our  no- 
merouB  whale  ships  will  resort 
vdth  their  cai^oes,  to  trade,  refit, 
and  obtain  supplies.  This  of  itself 
will  largely  contribute  to  build  up 
a  city,  which  would  soon  become 
the  centre  of  a  great  and  rapidly 
increasing  commerce.  Situated  on 
a  safe  harbour,  sufficiently  capa- 
cious for  all  the  navies  as  well  as 
the  marine  of  the  world,  and  con- 
venient tn  excellent  timber  for 
ship-building,  owned  by  the  United 
States,  it  mnst  become  our  great 
western  naval  depdt. 

"  It  was  known  that  mines  of  the 
precious  metals  existed  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  in  California  at 
the  time  of  its  acquisition.  Re- 
cent discoTcries  render  it  pro- 
^bable  that  these  mines  arc  more 
extensive  and  valuable  than  was 
anticipated.  The  accounts  of  the 
abundance  of  gold  in  that  territory 
are  of  such  an  extraordinary  cha- 
racter as  would  scarcely  command 
belief  were  they  not  corroborated 
by  the  authentic  reports  of  officers 
in  the  public  service  who  have 
visited  toe  mineral  district,  and 
derived  the  fects  which  they  detail 
from  peiBonal  observation.  Re- 
luctant to  credit  the  reports  in 
general  circulation  aa  to  the  quan- 
tity of  gold,  the  officer  command- 
ing our  forces  in  California  visil«d 
the  mineral  district  in  July  last, 
fbr  the  purpose  of  obtaining  accu- 
rate information  on  the  suttject. 
His  report  to  the  War  Department 
of  the  result  of  his  examination, 
and  the  facts  obtained  on  the  spot, 
is  herewith  lud  before  Congress. 
When  he  visited  the  countTy,  there 


Vnuasuam.]             HISTORY.  [446 

were  sbont  4000  poreons  engt^ed  already  caosed  in  California  on 

in  collecting  gold.    There  is  every  nnprecedented  rise  in  the  price  of 

reason  to  believe  that  the  number  the  neceBS&riee  of  life, 

of  peTBonsso  employed  has  since  "That  we  may  the  m(»v  speedily 

been   augmented.      The  explora-  and  fully  avail  ouneWee  of  the  un- 

tjons  already  made  warrant  the  developed  wealth  of  these  mines, 

belief  that  the  supply  is  very  large,  it  is  deemed  of  vast  importance 

and  that  gold  is  fcnud  in  rarions  that  a  branch  of  the  Mint  of  the 

places  in  an  extensive  district  of  United  States  be  anthorized  to  be 

eonntiy.  established,  at  your  present  Bea- 

'■  IiuTormation  received  from  of-  sioD,  in  California.    Among  other 

ficers  of  the  navy  and  other  sonroes,  signal  advantages  which  would  re> 

thoi^h  not  BO  full  and  minute,  suit  from  such  an  establishment 

ooDfiirm  the  aocoants  of  the  com-  would  be  that  of  raising  the  gold 

mander  of  our  military  force  in  to  its  par  value  in  that  tenitoiy. 

California.     It  appeare  also  from  A    branch    Mint    of    the   United 

these  reports  that  mines  of  ^uick-  States  at  the   great   commercial 

silver  are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  depdt  on  the  west  coast  would  con- 

the  gold  region.     One  of  them  is  vert  into  our  own  coin  not  only 

now  being  worked,  and  is  believed  the   gold  derived  from   our  own 

to  be  among  the  most  productive  rich  mines,  but  also  the  bullion 

in  the  world.  and  specie  which  our  commerce 

"  The  effects  produced  by  the  dis-  may  bring  from   the  whole  weet 

coveiy  of  these  rich  mineral  de-  coast  of  central  and  South  Ame- 

posits,  and  the  success  which  has  rica.    The  west  coast  of  America 

attended  the  labours  of  those  who  and  the  adjacent  interior  embrace 

have  resorted  to  them,  have  pro-  the    richest   and   best  mines  of 

duced  a  eurprisiiig  change  in  the  Mexico,    New  Grenada,    Central 

state  of  afioire  in  California.     La-  America,  Chili,  and  Peru.      The 

hour  commands  a  most  exorbitant  bullion   and  specie   drawn   from 

price,  and  all  other  pursuits  but  these  countries,  and  especially  from 

that  of  searching  for  the  precious  those    of    Western    Mexico    and 

metals  are  abaudoned.    Nearly  the  Pern,  to  ui  amount  in  value  of 

whole  of  the  male  population  of  many  millions  of  dollars,  ore  now 

the  country  have  gone  to  the  gold  annually  diverted  and  carried  by 

district.      Ships  arriving  on   the  the  ships  of  Great  Britain  to  her 

coast  are  deserted  by  their  crews,  own  ports,  to  be  recoined  or  used 

and  their  voyages  suspended  for  to  sustain  her  national  bank,  and 

want  of  sailors.    Our  commanding  thus    contribute    to   increase  her 

officer  there  entertaius  apprehen-  ability  to  command  sp  much  of  the 

sions  that  soldiers  cannot  be  kept  commerce   of    the   world.      If   a 

in  the  public  service  without  a  branch  Mint  be  established  at  the 

large  increase  of  pay.     Desertions  great  commercial  point  upon  that 

in  his  command  have  become  fire-  coast,  a  vast  amount  of  bullion  and 

Suent,  and  he  recommends  that  specie  would  flow  thither  to  be  re- 

lose   who    shall    withstand    tbe  coined,  and  pass  thence  to  New 


"This  abundanceof  gold  and  the    constitutional   cuiren^  at  htnoe 
all-engrossing  pursuit  of  it  have    would  be  greatly  increased,  while 


448]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.    [Vmt4dSua«$. 

Btatee  would  possesa    the   right,  eveiy  seodon  of  the  oountiy,  bow- 

thougfa,  as  all  know,  it  U  not  pro-  ever  widely  their  abstract  opinionfl 

hable  that  either  would  exert  it.  on  the  subject  of  slavery  may  differ, 

"Itiafortonatefor  the  pesiceand  would  oheerfutly  and  patriotically 

harmony  of  the  union   that  this  acquiesce  in  it,  and  peace  and  hai^ 

qnestion  ia  in  its  nature  temporary,  mony  would  again  fill  our  borders." 

and  can  oolv  continue  for  the  brief  Territorial  Survey. — "Asitisaa- 

period  which  will  intervene  before  certained  that  minea  of  gold,  silver, 

California  and  New   Mexico  may  copper,  and    quicksilver  exist   in 

be   admitted   as  statee  into   the  New  Mexico  and  California,  and 

union.  From  the  tide  of  population  that  nearly  all  the  lands  where 

now  Bowing  into  them,  it  is  highly  they  are  found  belong  to  the  United 

probable  that  this  will  soon  occur.  States,  it  is  deemed  important  to 

"  Conddering  the  several  states  the  public  interests  that  provision 
and  the  citizens  of  the  several  be  made  for  a  geological  and  mine- 
states  as  equals,  and  entitled  to  ralogical  examination  of  these  re- 
equal  rights  under  the  constitution,  gione.  Measures  should  be  adopted 
if  this  were  an  original  question,  to  preserve  the  mineral  lands,  espe- 
it  might  well  be  insisted  on  that  oially  such  as  contain  the  precions 
the  principle  of  non-interference  is  metals,  for  the  use  of  the  United 
the  true  doctrine,  and  that  Con-  States;  or,  if  brought  into  the  maiv 
gross  could  not,  in  the  absence  of  ket,  to  separate  them  from  the  form- 
any  express  giant  of  power,  inter-  ing  lands,  and  dispose  of  them  in 
fore  with  their  relative  rights,  such  manner  as  to  secure  a  large  re- 
Upon  a  great  emergency,  however,  turn  of  money  to  the  treasury,andat 
and  under  menacing  dangers  to  the  the  same  time  lead  to  the  develop- 
union,  the  Missouri  compromise  ment  of  tbeir  wealth  by  individual 
line  in  respect  to  slavery  was  proprietors  and  purchasers.  To  do 
adopted.  The  same  line  was  ex-  this  it  will  be  necessary  to  provide 
tended  further  west  in  the  acquisi-  for  an  immediate  survey  and  loca- 
tion of  Texas.  After  an  acqui-  tion  of  the  lots.  If  Congress  should 
escenoe  of  nearly  thirty  years  in  deem  it  proper  u>  dispose  of  the 
the  principle  of  compromise  recog-  mineral  lands,  they  should  be  sold 
niaed  and  established  by  these  acts,  in  small  quantiliee,  and  at  a  fixed 
and  to  avoid  the  danger  to  the  mtnunum  price." 
union  which  might  follow  if  it  were  Mexican  Debt.  ~  "  In  purenance 
now  disregarded,  I  have  heretofore  of  the  provisions  of  the  13th  article 
expresaed  the  opinion  that  that  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  friendship, 
line  of  compromise  should  be  ex-  limits,  and  settlement,  with  the 
tended  on  the  parallel  of  86  de-  Republic  of  Mexico,  and  of  the  act 
grees  30  minutes  from  the  western  of  July  SO,  1848,  claims  of  our  eiti- 
boundaiy  of  Texas,  where  it  now  zens  which  had  been  '  already  li- 
terminates,  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  quidated  and  decided  against  the 
This  is  the  middle  ground  of  com-  Mexican  republic,'  amounting  with 
promise  upon  which  the  different  the  interest  thereon  to  !2,023,832 
sections  of  the  union  may  meet,  as  dollars,  6 1  cents,  have  been  liqui- 
they  have  heretofore  met.  If  this  dated  and  paid.  There  remain  to 
be  done,  it  is  confidently  believed  be  paid  of  these  claims  7i,193  del- 
ft large  majority  of  the  people  of  lara,  96  cents. 


:.=.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


UniUd  SlatM."] 


HISTORY. 


[449 


"  GongreBa  at  its  last  Session  hav- 
ing made  do  provision  for  execut' 
ing  the  15th  article  of  the  treaty, 
by  which  the  United  States  assume 
to  make  satisfaction  for  the  '  un- 
liquidated claims'  of  our  citizens 
against  Meuco.  to  '  an  amount  not 
exceeding  3,250,000  dollars,'  the 
subject  is  again  recommended  to 
year  favourable  consideration. 

"  The  exchange  of  ratifications  of 
the  trea^  with  Mexico  took  place 
on  theSOtbof  May,  1848.  With- 
in one  ^eor  after  that  time  the 
ooranuBsioner  and  surveyor  which 
each  Government  stipulates  to  ap- 
point are  required  to  meet  '  at 
the  Port  of  San  Di^,  and  pro- 
ceed to  rvoi  and  mark  the  said 
boundary  in  its  whole  course  to  the 
mouth  of  the  lUo  Bravo  del  Norte.' 
It  will  be  seen,  from  this  provision, 
that  the  period  within  which  a 
commissioner  and  surveyor  of  the 
respective  Governments  are  to 
meet  at  San  Di^  vrill  expire  on 
the  SOthof  May,  1849.  Congress, 
at  the  close  of  its  last  Session,  made 
an  ^propriation  for '  the  expenses 
of  running  and  marking  the  bound- 
ary line'  between  the  two  coun- 
tries, but  did  not  fix  the  amount 
of  salary  which  should  be  paid  to 
the  commissioner  and  surveyor  to 
be  appointed  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  desirable 
that  the  amount  of  compensation 
which  they  shall  receive  should 
be  prescribed  by  law,  and  not  left, 
as  at  present,  to  Executive  discre- 
tion." 

Finances.^"  The  Secretary  -of 
the  Treaaucy  will  present  in  his 
annual  report  a  highly  satislkc- 
tory  statement  of  the  condition  of 
the  finances. 

"  The  imports  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  on  the  dOtli  of 
June  lest  were  of  the  value  of 
154,977,870  dollare,  of  which  the 

Voi_  XC. 


amount  exported  was  31,138,010 
dollars,  lea  vingl33,840,B8Q  dollars 
in  the  country  for  domestic  use. 

"  The  value  of  the  exports  for  the 
same  period  was  154,033,131  dol- 
lars, consisting  of  domestic  produc- 
tions, amounting  to  133,904,131 
dollars,  and  31,138,010  dollars  of 
foreign  articles. 

"  The  receipt  into  the  Treasury, 
for  the  same  period,  exclusive  of 
loans,  amounted  to  35,430,750  dol- 
lars, 59  cents ;  of  which  there  was 
derived  from  Customs  31,767,070 
dollars,  96  cents ;  from  sates  of 
public  knds,  3,338,643  dollars,  56 
cents;  and  from  miscellaneous  and 
incidental  sources,  351,037  dollars, 
7  cents. 

"  It  will  be  perceived  that  the  re- 
venue from  customs  for  the  last 
fiscal  year  exceeded,  by  767,070 
dollars,  96  cents,  the  estimate  of 
the  Secretaiy  of  the  Treasury  in 
his  lost  annual  report;  and  that 
the  aggregate  receipts  during  the 
some  period,  from  customs,  lands,' 
and  miscellaneous  sources,  also  ex- 
ceeded the  estimate  by  the  sum  of 
536,750  dollars,  59  cents,  indicat- 
ing, however,  a  very  near  approach 
in  the  estimate  to  the  actual  result. 

"  The  expenditures  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  on  the  30th  of 
June  last,  including  those  for  the 
war,  and  exclusive  of  payments  of 

f principal  and  interest  for  the  pub- 
ic debt,  were  43,811,970  dollars, 
9  cents. 

"  It  is  estimated  that  the  receipts 
into  the  treasury  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  on  the  30th  of  June,  1849, 
including  the  balance  in  the  Trea- 
sury on  the  1st  of  July  last,  will 
amountto  the  sum  of  57,048,969  dol- 
lars, 90  cenU,  of  which  33,000,000 
dollars.itisestimated.will  be  derived 
from  customs ;  3,000,000  dollars 
from  the  sales  of  tjie  public  lands ; 
and  1,300,000  dollars  from  miscel- 
[SG] 


450} 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.    [VniudSuas,. 


laneone  and  incidental  aourcea,  in- 
cluding the  premium  upon  the  loon, 
and  the  amount  paid,  and  to  be 
paid,  into  the  Treasury  on  accouiit 
of  military  contribationB  in  Meidco, 
and  the  sales  of  arms  and  vesBols, 
and  other  public  property,  rendered 
unnecessary  for  the  use  of  the  Go- 
Tfimment  by  the  termination  of  the 
war;  and  30.605.135  dollars,  30 
centa,  from  loans  already  nego- 
tiated, including  Treasury  notes 
funded,  which,  together  with  the 
balance  in  the  Treasury  on  the 
let  of  July  last,  m^e  the  sum 
estimated. 

"  The  enpendituree  for  the  same 
period,  including  the  necessaiy 
payment  on  account  of  the  princi- 
pal and  interest  of  the  public  debt, 
and  the  principal  and  interest  of 
the  first  instalment  due  to  Me^tico 
on  tlie  30th  of  May  next,  and  other 
expenditures  growing  out  of  the 
war,  to  be  paid  during  the  present 
year,  will  amount,  including  the 
reimbursement  of  Treasury  notes,' 
to  the  sum  of  54,195,375  dollars, 
6  cents,  leaving  an  estimated  ba- 
lance in  the  Treasaiy,  on  the  1st 
of  Jnly.  1849,  of  2,663.004  dollars, 
84  cents. 

"  The  Secretaiy  of  the  Treasury 
will  present,  as  required  by  law, 
the  estimate  of  the  receipis  and 
expenditures  of  the  nest  fiscal  year. 
The  eKpenditores.  as  estimated  for. 
that  year,  are  33,313,153  dollars, 
78  cents,  including  3,700.103  dol- 
lars, 18  cents,  for  the  interest  on 
the  public  debt,  and  9.640,000 
dollars  for  the  principal  and  in- 
terest due  to  Mexico  on  the  30th 
of  May,  1850,  leaving  the  sum 
of  35,870,050  dollars.  35  oenls, 
which,  it  is  believed,  will  be  ample 
for  the  ordinary  peace  expenditure. 

"  The  operation  of  the  TarifTAct 
of  1846  has  been  such  during  the 
past  year  as  fully  to  meet  the  pub- 


lic expectation,  and  to  confirm  the 
opinion  heretofore  expressed  of  the 
wisdom  of  the  change  in  our  re- 
venue system  which  was  effected 
by  it.  The  receipts  under  it  into 
the  treasury  for  the  first  fisc^ 
year  after  its  enactment  exceeded, 
by  the  sum  of  5,014,403  dollars, 
0  centa,  the  amount  collected  dur- 
ing the  last  fiscal  year  under  the 
Tariff  Act  of  1843,  ending  the  3D[h 
of  June,  1846.  The  total  revenne 
realized  from  the  commencement 
of  its  operation,  on  the  Ist  of  De- 
cember, 1846,  until  the  close  of 
the  last  quarter,  on  the  30th  of 
September  last,  being  22  months, 
was  56,654,568  dollars,  TO  cents, 
being  a  much  larger  sum  than  was 
ever  before  received  from  duties 
during  any  equal  period  under  the 
Tariff  Acts  1824,  1828,  1832.  and 
1842.  Whilst  by  the  repeal  of 
highly  protective  and  prohibitory 
duties  the  revenue  has  been  in- 
creased, the  taxes  on  the  people 
have  been  diminished.  They  have 
been  relieved  from  the  heavy 
amounts  with  which  they  were 
burdened  under  formerlaws  in  the 
form  of  increased  prices  or  boun- 
ties paid  to  fiivoured  classes  and 
pursuits. 

"  The  predictions  which  were 
made,  that  the  Tariff  Act  of  1846 
would  reduce  the  amount  of  t^ 
venue  below  that  collected  under 
the  Act  of  1842,  and  would  pros- 
trate the  business  and  destroy  the 
prosperity  of  the  country,  have 
not  been  verified.  With  an  in- 
creased and  increasing  revenue, 
the  finances  are  in  a  highly  flou- 
rishing condition.  Agriculture, 
commerce,     and     navigation    are 

firosperons ;  the  prices  of  mann- 
acturcd  fabrics,  and  of  other  pro- 
ducts, arc  much  less  ir^uriously 
affected  than  was  to  have  been  an- 
ticipated from  the  unprecedented 


VmM  SiaiM.]              HISTORY.  [451 

revoUicais  which,  during  the  last  "The  operationsofthe  conBlitu- 
and  the  present  year,  have  over-  tional  treaauiy,  eatabliBbed  b;  the 
whelmed  the  iDdustry  and  para-  Act  of  the  6th  of  August,  1846,  in 
);zed  the  credit  and  oommerce  of  the  receipt,  custody,  and  disburse- 
so  many  great  and  enlighfflied  ns-  meat  of  the  public  money,  have 
tions  of  Europe.  coutinaed  to  be  eucceaafuf.     Un- 

"  Severe  commercial  revulsions  der  this  system  the  public  finances 

abroad  have  always  heretofore  ope-  have  been  carried  through  a  fo- 

tatdd  to  depress,  and  often  to  affect  reign  war,  involving  the  necessity 

disastrously,  almost  every  branch  of   loans   and    extraordinary   ex- 

of  American  industry.     The  tern-  penditurea,  and  requiring  distant 

poraiy  depression  of  a  portion  of  transfers  and  disbursements,  with- 

our  manu&cturing  interests  is  the  out  embarrassment,  and  no  loss 

effect  of  foreign  causes,  and  is  far  has  occurred  of  any  of  the  public 

less  severe  than  has  prevailed  on  nioney  deposited  under  ita  provi- 

all  former  similar  occasions.  siona.     Whilst  it  has  proved  to  be 

"  It  is  believed  that,  looking  to  safe   and   useful   to   Uie  Govem- 

the  great  a^regate  of  all  our  inte-  ment,  its  efforts  have  been  most 

rests,  the  whole  country  was  never  beneficial  upon  the  business  of  the 

more  prosperous  than  at  the  pre-  country;  it  has  tended  powerfully 

sent  period,  and  never  more  rapidly  to  secure  an  exemption  from  that 

advancinginwealthand population,  inflation  and  fiuctiution  of  the  pa- 

Neither  the  foreign  war  m  which  per  currency  sd  injurious  to  do- 

we  have  been  involved,  nor  the  mestic  industry,  and  rendering  so 

loans  which  have  absorbed  so  large  uncertain  the  rewards  of  labour; 

a  portioD  of  our  capital,  nor  the  and  it  is  believed  has  largely  con- 

oommercial    revulsion    in    Great  tributed    to    preserve  the   whole 

Britain  in  1847,  nor  the  paralysis  country  from  a  serious  commercial 

of  credit  and  commerce  through-  j^vulsion,  such  as  often  occurred 

out  Enrope  in  1848,  have  affected  under  the  bank  deposit  system. 

iiyurioue^,  to  any  considerable  ex-  "InmymesBageof  theCthofJuly 

tent,  any  of  the  great  interests  of  last,  transmitting  to  Congress  the 

the  country,  or  arrested  oor  on-  ratified  treatyofpeacewithMexico, 

ward  march  to  greatness,  wealth,  1  recommended    the  adoption  of 

and  power.  measures  for  the  speedy  payment . 

"HadthedisturbancesinEurope  of  the  public  debt.     In  reiterating 

not  occurred,  our  commerce  would  that  recommendation,  I  refer  you 

nndonbtedly  have  been  still  more  to  the  considerHtions  presented  in 

extended,  and  would  have  added  that  message  in  iu  support.     The 

■till  more  to  the  national  wealth  public  debt,  including  that  autbo- 

and  public  prosperity.     But,  not-  rized  to  be  negotiated  in  pursu- 

withstanding   these  disturbances,  ance  of  existing  laws,  and  includ- 

tlie  operations  of  the  revenue  sys-  iug  Treasury  notes,  amounted  at 

tem  established  by  the  Tariff  Act  that  time  to  65,778,460  dollars, 

of  1846    have  been  so  generally  41  cents. 

beneflcial  to  the  government  and  "  Funded  atock  of  the  United 

the  busineee  of  the  country,  that  States,  amounting  to  about  half  a 

no  change  in  its  provisions  is  de-  million  of  dollars,  has  been  |)ur- 

manded  by  a  wise  public  policy,  chased,  as  authorized  by  law,  smce 

and  none  is  recommended.  that  period,  and  the  puUic  debt 
[2  0  2] 


462]  ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848.    [Vnitmi  Suit>». 

has  thus  been  reduced,  the  details  The  present  condition  of  the  ooon- 

of  which  vrill  be  presented  in  the  tr;  is  similar,  in  some  respecla,  lo 

annuiil  report  of  the  Secretaiy  of  that   which   existed    immediotelj 

the  TreasuT^.  after  the  close  of  the  war  with 

"  The  estimates  of  expenditures  Oreat  Britain  in  1815,  and  the 
for  the  next  fiscal  jeai,  submitted  occasion  is  deemed  to  be  a  proper 
by  the  SecretaT^  of  the  Treasury,  one  to  take  a  retrospect  of  the 
it  is  believed  mil  be  ample  for  aJl  measures  of  the  public  P<>U<T 
necessary  purposes.  If  the  ap-  which  followed  that  war.  There 
propriations  mode  by  Congresa  was  at  that  period  of  our  history  a 
shall  not  exceed  the  amount  esti-  departure  from  our  earlier  policy, 
mated,  the  means  in  the  treasury  The  enlargement  of  the  powere  of 
will  be  sufficient  to  defray  the  the  federal  government  by  con- 
expenses  of  the  Qovemment,  to  struction  which  obtained  was  not 
pay  o£f  the  next  instalment  of  warranted  by  any  just  interpreta- 
3,000,000  dollars  to  Mexico,  which  tion  of  the  constitution.  A  few 
irill  fall  due  on  the  30th  of  May  years  after  the  close  of  that  war,  a 
next,  and  still  a  considerable  sur-  series  of  measures  was  adopted 
plus  will  remain,  which  should  be  which,  nnited  and  combined,  ood- 
applied  to  the  further  purchase  of  stituted  what  was  termed  by  their 
the  public  stock  and  reduction  of  authors  and  advocates  the  '  Ame- 
the  debt.  Should  enlarged  ap-  rican  system.' 
propriations  be  made,  the  neces-  "The  introduction  of  the  new 
saiy  consequences  will  be  to  post-  policy  was  for  a  time  fayoured  by 
pone  the  payment  of  the  debt,  the  condition  of  the  country;  by 
Though  our  debt,  as  compared  the  heavy  debt  which  had  been 
with  that  of  most  other  nations,  contracted  during  the  war ;  by  the 
is  small,  it  is  our  true  policy,  and  depression  of  the  public  credit; 
in  harmony  with  the  genius  of  our  by  the  deranged  state  of  the 
instjtutions,  that  we  should  pre-  finances  and  the  currency ;  and  by 
sent  to  the  world  the  rare  spec-  the  commercial  and  pecuniary  em- 
tacle  of  a  great  republic,  possess-  barrassment  which  extensitely  pr«- 
ing  Tsst  resources  and  wealth,  vailed.  These  were  not  the  only 
wholly  exempt  from  public  indebt-  causes  which  led  to  its  establidt- 
ednesB.  This  would  add  still  more  ment.  The  events  of  the  war  with 
to  our  strength,  and  give  to  us  a  Great  Britain,  and  the  embarrass- 
still  more  commanding  position  ments  which  had  attended  its  pro- 
among  the  nations  of  the  earth."  secution,  hod  left  on  the  minds  of 

American  SyiUtn,  ■—  "  Nothing  many  of  our  statesmen  the  impres- 
can  retard  the  onward  progress  of  sion  that  our  Government  was  not 
ourcountry,andpre*entUBfromaB-  strong  enough,  and  that  to  wield 
suming  and  maintaining  the  first  its  resources  successfully,  in  great 
mnk  among  nations,  but  a  disre-  emergencies,  and  especially  in  war, 
gard  of  the  experience  of  the  past,  more  power  should  be  concen- 
and  a  recurrence  to  an  unwise  trated  in  its  hands.  This  in- 
public  policy.  We  have  just  closed  creased  power  they  did  not  seek 
a  foreign  war  by  an  honourable  to  obtain  by  the  legitimate  and 
peace,— a  war  rendered  necessary  prescribed  mode — an  amendment 
and  unavoidable  in  vindication  of  of  the  constitution — but  by  oon- 
the   national   rights  and  honour,  struction.    They  saw  OovenunMita 


VnUsdSiaus.]              HISTORY.  [453 

in  tbe  old  world  based  upon  dif-  GoTeinment  to  the  European  mo- 

farent  orders  of  society,   and   ao  deU,  aubstituting  au  ariatocracj  of 

conatitated  as  to  throw  the  whole  wealth  for    that    of    onlera    and 

power  of  uatjons  into  the  handa  titles. 

of  a  few,  who  taxed  and  con-  "  Without  refiecting  upon  the 
trolled  the  many  without  responsi-  dissimilarity  of  our  inatitotions, 
bility  or  restraint.  In  that  ar-  and  of  the  condition  of  our  people 
nmgement  they  couceived  the  and  those  of  Europe,  they  conceived 
strength  of  nations  in  war  con-  the  vain  idea  of  huildiog  np  in  the 
sbted.  There  was  also  something  United  States  a  system  similar  to 
fitBcinating  in  the  ease,  luxury,  that  which  they  admired  abroad, 
and  display  of  the  higher  orders.  Great  Britain  bad  a  national  bank 
who  drew  their  wealth  from  the  of  large  capital,  in  whose  hands  was 
toil  of  the  labouring  millions,  concentrated  the  controlling  mone- 
The  authors  of  the  system  drew  tary  and  financial  power  of  the 
their  ideas  of  political  economy  nation ;  an  institution  wielding  al- 
from  what  they  oad  witnessed  in  most  kingly  power,  and  exerting 
Europe,  and  particularly  in  Great  vast  influence  apon  all  the  opera- 
Britain.  They  had  viewed  the  tions  of  trade,  and  upon  the  policy 
enormons  wealth  concentrated  in  of  the  Qoveniment  itself.  Great 
few  bands,  and  bad  seen  tbe  Britain  had  an  enormous  public 
eplendour  of  the  overgrown  eata-  debt,andithadbecomeapartof her 
bliahmenta  of  an  aristocracy  which  public  policy  to  regard  this  as  a 
was  upheld  by  the  restrictive  po-  'pnblic  blessing.'  Great  Britain 
licy.  They  forgot  to  look  down  mA  also  a  restrictive  policy,  which 
apon  tbe  poorer  classes  of  the  placed  fetters  and  burdens  on  trade, 
English  population,  upon  whose  and  trammelled  the  productive  in- 
daily  and  yearly  labour  the  great  dustry  of  the  mass  of  the  nation, 
establishments  they  so  much  ad-  By  her  combined  system  of  policy, 
mired  were  sustained  and  aup-  the  landlords  and  other  proper^ 
ported.  They  failed  to  perceive  holdera  were  protected  and  en- 
that  the  scantily-fed  and  half-clad  richedby  the  enormous  taxea  which 
operatives  were  not  only  in  at^ect  were  levied  upon  the  labour  of  the 
poverty,  but  were  bound  in  chains  country  for  their  advantage, 
of  oppressive  servitude  for  the  be-  "  Imitating  this  foreign  policy, 
nefit  of  favoured  classes,  who  were  thefirst  step  in  establishing  the  new 
the  exclusive  ol^ects  of  the  care  of  system  in  the  United  States  was  the 
the  Government  creation  of  a  national  bank.  Not 
"It  was  not  possible  to  recon-  foreseeing  the  dangerous  power  and 
Struct  society  in  the  United  States  countless  evils  which  Buch  an  in- 
upon  the  European  plan.  Here  stitutionmight  entail  on  the  coun- 
there  was  a  written  constitution,  try,  nor  perceiving  tbe  connexion 
by  which  orders  and  titles  were  which  it  was  designed  to  form  be- 
not  recognised  or  tolerated.  A  tween  the  bank  and  the  other 
system  of  measurea  was  therefore  branches  of  the  miscalled  '  Ame- 
deviaed,  calculated,  if  not  in-  rican  system,'  but  feeling  the  em- 
tended,  to  withdraw  power  gra-  barrossments  of  the  Treasury,  and 
dually  and  silently  from  the  states  of  the  business  of  the  country,  con- 
and  the  mass  of  the  people,  and  sequent  upon  the  war,  some  of 
by  construction  to  approximate  our  our  statesmen  who  bad  held  dif- 


454]  ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.    [l«WS««i. 

fereot  tnd  Bounder  riewa  vrera  in-  destined  again  ta  witneaa  all  tbe 

duced  to  yield  their  eeniples,  and.  evils,  commercial  revulaona,  de- 

indeed,  settled   conviction  of  its  pression  of  prices,  and  peoauiai? 

unconatitutioD&lit;,  and  to  give  it  embarrUBments,    througn    which 

their  sanction   u    an    expedient  we  have  passed  during  the  last  H 

which   thej  Tainlj  hoped    might  years. 


Siroduce  relief,  it  was  a  most  un-  "  To  gusrd  against  consequences 
ortunate  error,  as  the  subsequent  so  ruinous  is  an  ottject  of  lugh  oa- 
historyand  final  catastrophe  of  that     tional  importance,  involving,  i: 


dangerous  and  corrupt  mstitution  judgment,  the  continaedprosperi^ 
have  abundantly  proved.  Thebank.  of  ^e  couatry." 
with  ita  numerous  branches  rami-  Pmidential  wto. — "  1  have  fdt 
fled  into  the  states,  soon  brought  it  to  be  an  imperative  obligstion  to 
many  of  the  active  iwlitical  and  withhold  my  constitutional  sanction 
oommercisl  men  in  different  sec-  from  two  bills  which  bad  passed  to 
tjons  of  the  country  into  the  rela-  tbe  two  Houses  of  Congress,  lo- 
tion of  debtors  to  it,  and  depend-  volving  the  principle  of  the  in- 
ants  upon  it  for  pecuniary  favours;  temal  improiement  branch  of  the 
thus  diffusing  thronghout  the  mass  American  systom.  and  confiicting 
of  society  a  great  number  of  indi-  in  their  provisions  with  the  views 
viduals  of  power  and  influence  to  here  expressed, 
give  tone  to  public  opinion,  and  to  "  This  power,  conferred  npoo 
act  in  concert  in  cases  of  emer-  thePFesideotby  the  constitution,  I 
gency.  The  corrupt  power  of  such  have  on  three  oocasions  during  my 
a  political  engine  is  no  longer  a  administration  of  the  executive 
mattor  of  speculation,  having  been  department  of  the  Government 
displayed  in  numerous  instances,  deemed  it  my  dutf  to  exercise,  and 
but  most  signally  in  tbe  political  on  this  last  occasion  of  making  to 
struggles  of  183^,  1833,  and  1834,  Congress  an  annual  communication 
in  opposition  to  tbe  public  will,  *  of  the  stato  of  the  Union,'  it  ia 
representod  by  a'  fearless  and  notdeemedinappropriate  to  review 
patriotic  Presidient.  the  principles  and  conaiderationB 

"  The  whole  systom  was  resisted  which  have  governed  my  action, 

from  ito  inception  by  many  of  our  I  deem  this  the  more  neceeeaiy, 

ablest  statesmen,  some  of  whom  because,  aftor  the  lapse  of  near  AO 

doubted  its  constitutionality  and  its  years  since  the  adoption  of  the 

expediency,  while  others  believed  constitution,  the  propriety  of  the 

it  was,  in  all  its  branches,  a  fla-  exercise  of  this  undoubted  oonsti- 

grant  and  dangerous  infraotion  of  tutional  power  by  the  President 

the  constitution.  has  for  the  first  time  been  dnwn 

"  I  enterttun  the  solemn  oonvic-  seriously  in  question  by  a  portion 

don  that  if  tbe  intomal  improve,  of  my  fellow-citizens. 

ment   branch  of  the   '  American  "  The  constitution  provides  that 

system '  be  not  firmly  resisted  at  'every  bill  which  shall  have  passed 

uiis  time,  the  whole  series  of  mea-  the  House  of  BepresentatiTes  and 

■ures  composing  it  will  be  speedily  the  Senato  shall,  before  it  becomes 

re-estsblisned,  and  the  countiy  be  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  Preei- 

thrown  back  from  its  present  high  dent  of  the  United  States ;  if  be 

stato  of  prosperity,  which  the  ex-  approve  he  shall  sign  it,  but,  if  not, 

isting  poucy  has  produced,  and  be  he  shall  return  it  with  bis  objeo- 


Unittd  StuUt.J 


HISTORY. 


[465 


tioiis  to  that  house  in  vrbich  it  shall 
hftve  ariginiited,  who  sh^l  enter 
tbe  objeotioiifi  at  large  on  their 
joamal,  and  proceed  to  recon- 
sider it' 

"  The  preserration  of  the  cohbU- 
totion  tram  inftaction  is  the  Presi- 
dent's highest  duty.  He  is  boand 
to  diBchorge  that  du^  at  whaterer 
hazard  of  incurriog  the  displeasure 
of  tbose  who  may  differ  from  him 
in  opinion.  He  is  bound  to  dis- 
charge it,  as  well  by  his  obliga- 
tions to  the  people  who  ha*e  clothed 
him  with  his  exalted  trust,  as  bj 
his  oath  of  office,  which  he  may 
not  disregard.  Nor  are  the  obli- 
ffatioos  of  tbe  President  in  any 
degree  lessened  by  the  prevalence 
of  views  different  from  his  own  in 
one  or  both  Houses  of  Congrees. 
It  is  not  alone  hasty  and  incon- 
siderate legislation  that  he  is  re- 
quired to  check,  bnt  if  at  any  time 
Congress  shall,  after  apparently 
full  dehbenttion,  fesolve  on  mea- 
aores  which  he  deems  subversive 
of  the  eonetjtntion,  or  of  the  vital 
interests  of  tbe  country,  it  is  hk 
•olemn  dnt;  to  stand  in  tbe  breach 
and  resist  them.  The  President 
is  bound  to  approve  or  disapprove 
eveiy  bill  winch  passes  Congress 
wid  is  presented  to  him  for  his 
aignatnre.  The  constitution  makes 
this  hie  duty,  and  he  cannot  escape 
it  if  he  would.  He  has  no  elec- 
tMHi.  In  deciding  upon  any  bill 
presented  to  bim,  be  must  exer- 
dse  his  own  beet  judgment.  If  he 
cannot  approve,  the  constitntion 
commands  him  to  return  the  bill 
to  tbe  House  in  which  it  origin- 
tted,  with  his  objections;  and  if 
be  fail  to  do  this  within  10  days. 
(Sundays  excepted),  it  shall  become 
a  law  without  nis  signature.  Right 
or  wrong,  he  may  be  overruled  by  a 
vote  of  two-thinis  of  each  boose; 
and  in  that  event  the  bill  becomes 


a  law  without  his  Bonction.  If  his 
objections  be  not  thus  overruled 
the  sutject  is  only  postponed,  and 
is  referred  to  the  states  and  the 
people  for  their  consideration  aai 
decision.  Tbe  President's  power 
is  negative  merely,  and  not  affirma- 
tive. He  can  enact  no  law.  Tbe 
only  effect,  therefore,  of  his  with- 
holding his  approval  of  a  bill 
passed  by  the  Congress,  is  to  suffer 
the  existing  laws  to  remain  un- 
changed, and  the  delay  occasioned 
is  only  that  required  to  enable  tbe 
states  and  the  people  to  consider 
and  act  upon  the  subject  in  the 
election  of  public  agents  who  will 
cany  out  their  wishes  and  instruc- 
tions. Any  attempt  to  coerce  tbe 
President  to  yield  bis  sanction  to 
measures  which  be  cannot  approve 
would  be  a  violation  of  tbe  spirit 
of  the  constitution  palpable  and 
flagrant;  and,  if  successful,  would 
break  down  the  dependence  of  the 
Executive  department,  and  make 
the  President,  elected  by  the  peo- 
ple and  clothed  by  tbe  constitution 
with  power  to  deiend  their  rights, 
the  mere  instrument  of  a  majority 
of  Congress.  A  surrender  on  his 
part  of  the  powers  with  which  the 
constitution  nas  invested  his  office 
would  effect  a  practical  ^temtioa 
of  that  instrument,  without  resort- 
ing to  the  prescribed  process  of 
amendment. 

"  But  it  is,  in  point  of  bet,  nntme 
that  an  act  passed  by  Congress  is 
conclusive  evidence  that  it  is  on 
emanation  of  the  popular  will.  A 
m^ority  of  the  whole  nnmber 
elected  to  each  House  of  Congress 
constitutes  a  quorum,  and  a  ma- 
jori^  of  that  qnomm  is  competent 
to  pass  laws.  It  might  happen 
that  a  quorum  of  the  House  of 
R^resentativee,  consisting  of  a 
single  member  more  than  half  of 
the  whole  number  elected  to  that 


456] 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1848.  [VmudSuu^. 


House,  might  pass  a  bill  by  a  ma- 
jority of  a  single  vote,  and  in  that 
case  a  fraction  more  tfaan  one- 
fourth  of  the  people  of  the  Uuitei) 
States  would  be  represented  by 
those  who  voted  for  it  It  might 
happen  that  the  same  bill  might 
be  passed  by  a  nuyority  of  one,  of 
a  quorum  of  the  Senate,  composed 
of  seoatora  from  the  fifteen  smaller 
states,  and  a  single  senator  from  a 
sixteenth  state,  and  if  the  senators 
voting  for  it  happened  to  be  from 
the  eight  of  the  smallest  of  these 
states,  it  would  be  passed  by  the 
votes  of  senators  from  states  having 
but  foarteen  representatives  in  the 
House  of  BepreseDtatives,  and  con- 
taining less  than  one-sixteenth  of 
the  whole  population  of  the  United 
States.  This  extreme  case  is 
stated  to  illustrate  the  fact  that 
the  mere  passage  of  a  bill  by  Con- 
gress is  no  conclusive  evidence 
that  those  who  passed  it  represent 
the  m^ority  of  the  [^ple  of  the 
Unit^  States,  or  truly  reflect 
their  will.  If  such  an  extreme 
case  is  not  likely  to  happen,  cases 
that  approximate  it  are  of  constant 
occurrence.  It  is  believed  that 
not  a  single  law  has  been  passed 
since  the  adoption  of  the  constitu- 
tion upon  which  alt  the  members 
elected  to  both  Houses  have  been 
present  and  voted.  Many  of  the 
most  imporUint  acts  which  have 
passed  Congress  have  been  carried 
by  a  close  vote  in  thin  houses. 
Many  instances  of  this  might  be 
given.  Indeed,  our  experience 
proves  that  many  of  the  most  im- 
portant acts  of  Congress  are  post- 
poned to  the  last  days,  and  often 
the  last  hours  of  a  session,  when 
they  are  disposed  of  in  haste,  and 
by  houses  but  little  exceeding 
the  number  necessary  to  form  a 
quorum. 


"  Besides,  in  most  of  the  states, 
the  members  of  the  House  of  Re- 
presentatives are  chosen  by  plu- 
ralities, and  not  by  majorities  ot  all 
the  voters  in  their  respective  dis- 
tricts ;  and  it  may  happen  that  a 
mqority  of  that  House  may  be  re- 
turned by  a  less  aggregate  vote  of 
tlie  people  than  tiiat  received  by 
the  minority. 

"  The  powerof  the  Executive  vet» 
was  exeroised  by  the  first  and  most 
illustrious  of  my  predecessors,  and 
by  four  of  his  successors,  who  pre- 
ceded me  in  the  administration  of 
the  Goverament,  and  it  is  believed 
in  no  instance  prejudicially  to  the 
public  interests.  It  has  never 
been,  and  there  is  but  little  danger 
that  it  ever  can  be  abused.  No 
President  will  ever  desire  unneces- 
sarily to  place  his  opinion  in  op- 
position to  that  of  Congreas.  He 
must  always  exercise  the  power 
reluctantly, and  onlyin cases  where 
his  convictions  make  it  a  matter  of 
stem  duty  which  he  cannot  escape. 
Indeed,  there  is  more  danger  that 
the  President,  from  the  repugnance 
he  must  always  feel  to  come  in 
collision  with  Congress,  may  fail- 
to  exercise  it  in  cases  where  the 
S reservation  of  the  constitntion 
-cm  infraction,  or  the  public  good, 
may  demand  it,  than  that  he  will 
exercise  it  unnecessarily  or  wan- 
tonly. 

"Invoking  the  blessings  of  the 
Almighty  upon  your  deliberations 
at  your  present  important  Session, 
my  ardent  hope  is,  that,  in  a  spirit 
of  harmony  and  concord,  you  may 
be  guided  to  wise  results,  and  such 
as  may  redound  to  the  happiness, 
the  honour,  and  the  gloiy  of  our 
beloved  country. 

"James  K.  Polk 
"  Wuhington,  Dec  5,  1848." 


..Cioogic 


CHRONICLE. 


JANUARY,  1948. 


1  TW^URDER  AT  Natuea. —  loclQaw,  arising  from  the  vonnd. 
-^  ■  Xu.  A  coroner's  inquest  ^na  From  the  description  given  b)^  the 
held  &t  West  Town,  near  Nailsea,  deceased,  a  youUi  named  Manfield 
Somerset,  to  inquire  into  the  cir-  was  on  the  following  da^  appre- 
onmstances  attending  the  death  of  bended  bj  the  constable  of  Nail- 
John  Wall.  The  murdered  man,  sea,  who  also  found  the  gun  v,-ith 
who  bore  the  character  of  being  a  which  the  crime  was  petpetrated, 
sober,  indnstriout,  and  inoffensive  and  traced  it  to  Manfiefd'a  pos- 
man,  was  about  42  or  49  ^ears  of  session.  The  prisoner,  when  taKen 
age.  It  appears  from  his  state-  before  the  'deceased,  was  at  once 
ment,  that,  at  between  three  and  recognised  by  him  as  the  man 
finir  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  whom  he  saw  looking  in  through 
17tb  Dec.,  while  it  was  qnito  the  window.  He  was  subsequenu; 
light,  he  was  in  his  cott^e,  en-  taken  before  a  magistrate  of  the 
gaged  near  the  fire  preparing  some  county,  and  when  about  to  be  con- 
food  for  pigs;  he  was  stooping  veyed  to  prison  he  said  that  he 
down,  and  while  in  that  position  ought  not  to  be  taken  alone,  but 
he  beard  the  crash  of  a  pane  of  that  his  brother,  Charles  Manfield, 
glass  in  the  window.  He  rose  up,  and  a  relatiTe  named  Robert  Jake- 
and  saw  a  gun  pointed  through  the  ways,  ought  to  be  taken  with  him. 
broken  glass,  but  before  be  could  Itappears.fromastatement  which 
move  the  gun  was  discharged,  and  be  made,  that  the  prisoner  him- 
he  received  the  contents  in  his  self,  his  brother  Charles,  another 
thigh.  In  an  instant  after  he  saw  brother,  quite  a  boy,  and  Robert 
a  man  looking  in,  evidently  to  see  Jakeways,  were  out  shooting  in  the 
whether  the  murderous  deed  had  neighbourhood  of  deceased's  bouse, 
been  accomplished.  The  wounded  and,  not  being  very  happy  in  find- 
man  roshed  ont  of  the  cottage  and  ing  game,  Jakeways  wad,  "  Come, 
saw  some  young  men  running  let  us  shoot  the  old  fellow."  This 
across  the  fields,  out  could  not  re--  was  agreed  upon ;  but  either  not 
cognise  them.  He  then  contrived  wishing  to  implicate  the  boy,  or 
to  reach  the  surgeiy  of  Mr.  Bisdee,  probably  from  the  fear  that  he 
at  Weet  Town,  by  whom  the  wound  might  betray  them,  they  sent  him 
was  dressed ;  but,  after  lingering  away  under  the  pretence  that  he 
nearly  a  fortnight,  he  expired  from  should  gather  some  "Christmas" 
Vol.  XC.  B 


2                 ANNUAL    REGISTER,  [1848 

in  a  neighbooriDg  wood,  they  say-  The  bed-doUies  were  in  a  state 

ing  that  they  were  going  to  shoot  which  showed  that  a  most  violent 

a  wild  dock  down  by  the  drain,  atn^gle  had  taken  place  on  the 

Jakeways  then  took  uie  gun  and  part  of  the  murdered  children  for 

fired  in  at  the  window  at  the  de-  the    preservation    of   their   lives, 

ceased,  and  the  prisoner  looked  in  There  were  no  other  marks  of  vio- 

to  see  the  effect  of  the  shot.  These  lenoe  about  the  bodies, 

statements  were  oorrcborated  by  It  appeared   by  liie  eridence 

evidence,  and  the  juiy  returned  a  given  by  Bobert  Blake,  the  &ther, 

verdictof "  Wilful  Murder"  against  that  the  deceased  children  were 

Cbades  Manfield,  and  against  Bo-  bom  in  wedlock,  but  that  he  bad 

bert  and  Anthony  Manfield  as  ac-  separated    about    four  years  ago 

cesaoiies.  from  their  mother  ;  and  had  aince, 

—  Double  Mubobb  ik  Ooldbm  for  two  years  and  a  half,  cohabited 

Laks. — Great  excitement  was  ere-  with  Harriet  Parker,  the  person 

Med  in  this  densely  peopled  neigh-  now  accused,  who  is  a  widow.  She 

bourhood  by  the  discovery  of  a  passed  for  bis  wife.    He  uw  bis 

double    murder,   the    viotims   of  children  hut  between  five  and  six 

which  were  two  children,  Amina  o'clock  on  Friday  evening,  when 

Blake,  aged  eight  years,  and  Bo-  fae  put  them  to  bed.     Blue  then 

bert  Blue,  aged  five  years,  whose  left  the  house,  intending  to  ^  to 

fbtber,  Bobert  Blake,  a  grinderi  the  theatro  with  a  mide  fhend. 

resided  at  No.  9,  Cupid's  Court.  He  and  Paricerhad  had  no  serious 

A  woman,  named  Harriet  Parker,  quarrel  before,  but  she  followed 

who  had  cohabited  with  Blake,  was  him  out,  intending  to  wuoy  him 

arrested  on  the  charge  of  having  and  to  prevent  him  from  gMng. 

Dommitted  the  deed.  She  threatened  to  follow  him  step 

A  coroner's  inquett  was  held  on  by  atep  wherever  he  want ;   ana 

the  bodies.  she  did   follow  him    to   several 

The  coroner  and  jur^  proceeded  places.    At  the  Duk«  of  Bedford 

to  view  the  bodies,  which  la^  on  a  public-hause  he  told   her   to  go 

bed  on  a  turn-up  bedstead,  m  the  nome,  for  he  did  not  mean  to  go 

front  room  on  the  ground  floor  at  to  the  theatre.     A  person  came 

the  house  No.  8,  Cupid's  Court,  in  at  the  time,  with  whom  ebe  en- 

They  were  in  the  exact  positi<Hi  tered  into  oonversation,   and   be 

they  were  left    by  the   accused,  took  that  opportunity  of  making 

Theelderohild(thegirl)wasat  the  his  escape.    He  had  not  seen  her 

foot  of  the  bed,  with  her  head  near  since.    He  slept  at  the  house  of  a 

the  weinscot,  in  a  position  from  &iend  in  OoawelL  Street,  and  about 

which  it  was  evident  a  struggle  11  o'clock  the  next  morning,  as  he 

must  have  taken  place.  It  wss  the  was  goiuc  down  GoldenLaoe  tohis 

opinion  of  the  jury  that  the  poor  work  with  bis  sbopmate,  a  peiwn 

child  bad  been  sufibcated  by  a  pil-  atopped  them  and  told  them  of  the 

low  having  been  placed  over  its  murder. 

mouth.  There  wss  a  scratch  across  Stephen  Hewlett,  Blake's  oom- 

her  throat,  about  three  inohee  in  psnion,  o(»Toboeated  his  statement, 

lenffth.    The  other  child  waa  at  adding    that    when    the   woman 

the  head  of  the  bed,  and  prosented  Parker  missed  him  she  ran  out 

appearances  of  his  doaUi  having  greatly  excited.     She  returned  in 

been  caused  in  a  similar  manner,  about  five  minutes,  and  aaid,"  It  is 


JAN.]  CHRONICLE.  3 

k  good  job  jou  did  Qot  go  oat  vrith  on  witoesa'B  shonldsre,  and  uid, 
him.  He  ehAll  repent  of  thia  be*  "  He  hu  not  come  home,  and  what 
fore  the  morning.  I  inll  do  some-  &  pretty  apeotaole  there  i>  for  him 
thing  that  he  ahall  repent  of,  and  irhen  he  doea."  WitDesa  aaked 
IwiU  die  like  a  trump  at  New  what  ahe  meant ;  nhen  she  replied, 
gate."  She  then  went  away.  Some  "  I  have  murdered  his  two  chil- 
time  after  he  wont  to  her  hoosa,  dren."  Witness  said,  "  You  don't 
No.  S,  Onpid's  Oonrt,  Golden  mean  to  sajr  that?"  when  ahe  re- 
Lane.  She  opened  the  window,  plied,  "  I  do,  and  I  am  now  going 
and  he  aaid  to  h«r,  "  iin.  Blake,  to  give  mjMlf  op."  She  then 
what  b  the  matter  with  yoa?"  went  away.  She  aftemiLrds  saw 
She  replied,  "I  liaTe  something  herat  the  polioe-station,  and  heard 
very  black  on  my  mind,  and  I  ll  her  aay  that  she  hop»d  she  should 
stop  it  before  long."  not  be  dragged  through  the  atreelA 

The  Coroner. — Did  she  lay  any-  to  the  police-office,  but  go  in  a  cab, 

thing  else  ?  ae  ahe  knew  she  must  go  to  pri- 

Witness. — Yea ;  ahe  nid  "  Yon  son. 
will  hear  of  ma  before  yon  aee  me."        Lucy    ifattbews,    of    No.     8, 

A  Juror. — ^Wbot  induced  you  to  Cupid's  Court,  said  that  Harriet 

go  to  Parker's  house  ?  Fariwr  come  to  her  houAB  about 

Witneea. — I  pondered  oter  what  eight  o'clock  on  Friday  night  for  a 

ahe  hod  threatened,  and  I  thought  light     She  was  then  trembling, 

I  had  better  go  and  see  her.  and  appeared  in  a  very  excited 

Jane  Moore,  of  No.  S,  Cupid's  atate.  She  aoid  that  Blake  did  not 

Court,   Btsted,   that  on    Saturday  intend  to  go  with  her  when  he 

morning,  ^mnt  four  o'clock,  ahe  went  out     The  dsceamd  Amina 

heard  a  knocking  at  the  door.  Her  Bl&ke  came  for  another  light  be- 

hnaband  opened  the  window,  when  tween  eight  and  nine  o'clock,  and 

Harriet  Parker  called  out,  "  It  is  witness  heard  at  four  o'clock  the 

me,  Mr.  Moore ;  I  want  to  speak  next  morning  the  knocking  at  the 

to  your  wife,  and  do  not  hinder  atreet  door.     She  heard  Park«r's 

her;  111  not  detain  her  five  mi-  voice,  and  asked  her  if  she  had  not 

nutes."     Upon  going  down  stairs  ^ne  ia  doors  yet?     She  (Parker) 

she  found  Harriet  Parker  waiting  replied,  "  No,  I  have  not ;  end  I 

at  tha  door.     She  went  into  the  shall  never  go  in  again ;  my  heart 

lower  room  and  sat  down,  exclaim-  is  bleeding."    Witness  got  up,  and 

ing,  "Oh!   Mrs.  Moore,   I   have  heardfromMrs.MoorethatParker 

done  it."    Witness  asked  what  she  had  murdered  the  two  children, 
bad  done?  when  Parker  replied,         Mr.  F.  Wri^t,  aorgeon,  gave 

"  Blake  came  home  last  night  to  evidence  as  to  hia  examination  of 

take  me  to  the  play,  and  on  going  the  bodies,  from  which  it  appeared 

out  he  met  widi  a  strumpet,  who  that  death  had  in  both  cases  re 

took  hia  ann,  and  they  nm  away  suited  from  a  forcible  compreesion 

immediately;  saying  that  she  was  of  the  mouth  and  noatriU  by  tha 

Bloke's  mutMsa."    Witness  cou>  hand  of  some  party,  such  violenoe 

Mdered  that  she  was  greatly  ox-  causing  suffocation, 
cited,  and  told  her  that  it  was  not        After  a  careful  inquiry  of  three 

tha  proper  time  to  call  h&t  up  to  di^'  dumtiOQ,  the  jury  returned  a 

tell  W  of  it.    Parker  then  got  up  verdict  of"Wilfi)l  Murder"  against 

from  her  seat  and  placed  her  hands  Harriet  Parker  in  both  cases. 
B  2 


ANNUAL    REGISTER 


[1848 


Parker  was  tried  on  the  ith  of 
February,  and  convicted,  the  jury 
accompanyii^  their  verdict  with  a 
strong  recommendation  to  mercy; 
bnt  £e  Court  passed  sentence  of 
death,  and  she  was  executed. 

i.  DnEADpui.  BnioiDEs.— Am 
appalling  event  occurred  in  Clere- 
land  Street,  Fitzroy  Square,  in 
the  simulUneouB  suicides  of  a 
man  and  wife,  named  Williams. 
Williams  had  been  a  seijeant  in 
the  E  division  of  police,  snd  was 
considered  a  most  mentorioua  of- 
ficer. About  t«n  mouths  ago  he 
retired  from  the  force,  and,  with 
his  wife,  took  the  Star  Coffee 
House,  in  the  above  street,  where 
they  appeared  to  can;  on  a  very 
prosperous  business.  A  coroner's 
inquest  was  held  on  the  bodies. 

Henij  MattJiews  said,  he  resided 
in  the  second  floor  front  room  of 
the  deceased's  house.  On  Sunday 
morning,  about  a  quarter  to  one 
o'clock,  he  was  awakened  by  hear- 
ing loud  screams.  He  jumped  out 
of  bed,  and  on  running  doim  stairs 
he  found  Mrs.  Williams  standing 
in  the  passage,  screaming  ana 
jumping  tike  a  mad  woman.  He 
asked  her  what  was  the  matter? 
and  she  then  said,  "  Oh  my  hus- 
band hashunghimselfl"  Witness 
ran  up  to  Mr.  Williams's  bedroom, 
and,  finding  him  hanging  to  the 
bedpost,  called  in  the  police  and 
ran  for  a  surgeon.  Mrs.  Williams 
went  up  with  him ;  the  door 
was  fastened  by  a  small  bolt  on 
the  inside,  which  was  forced.  Mr. 
Williams  was  hanging  by  a  black 
silk  handkerchief  to  the  top  of  the 
bedpost,  and  on  being  cut  down 
was  apparently  dead.  Mr.  Hat- 
field, a  surgeon,  came  to  see  Mr. 
Williams,  and  while  he  was  with 
him  a  great  cry  was  raised  down 
stairs  that  Mrs.  Williams  had  cut 
her  throat     She  was  found  lying 


on  a  mat  in  tbe  shop,  with  her 
head  near  the  door,  and  her  tliroat 
cut.  A  white-handled  razor  was 
lying  by  her  side.  The  deceased 
were  a  moat  sober  and  aS'ec- 
tionato  couple.  He  believed  they 
were  tee-totallers.  Mr.  Williams 
bad  frequently  complained  of  pains 
in  his  head,  and  latterly  very 
much  of  a  falling  off  in  fais  bosi- 
ness. 

Martha  Doig,  a  little  girl  14 
years  of  age,  deposed  to  having 
been  in  the  service  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Williams  from  August  up  to 
Friday  night  last,  when  they  dis- 
missed her  on  account  of  the  fell- 
ing off  in  their  business.  She 
frequently  heard  Mr.  Williams 
oomplajn  of  his  head  and  cheet, 
and  place  his  hand  there. 

Mr.  Richard  Hatfield,  of  No.  41, 
Cleveland  Street,  surgeon,  depoeecl, 
that  he  was  called  to  see  Mr.  Wil- 
liams about  one  o'clock  on  Simdn 
morning.  He  found  the  man  dead, 
and  that  he  had  been  cut  down 
previously.  Whilst  attending  to 
the  man,  a  cry  was  raised  for  him 
to  come  dovrn  stairs,  as  the  de- 
ceased's wife  had  out  her  throat 
He  found  Mrs.  Williams  lying  in 
the  coffee-room,  bleeding  from  a 
deep  wound  in  the  throat  She 
was  not  dead,  and  there  was  a 
guttural  sound,  but  she  could  not 
speak.  The  trachea  and  gullet 
were  divided,  and  the  razor  ia.y 
near  her.  He  sewed  up  the 
wound,  but  she  died  in  about 
half  an  hour. 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict, 
"  That  the  deceased,  Susannah 
Williams,  committed  the  act  in 
an  unsound  state  of  mind;  and 
that  Alexander  Toms  Williams 
destroyed  himself,  but  in  what 
state  of  mind  he  was  at  the  time 
there  was  not  sufficient  evidence 
for  the  jury." 


JAN.]                       CHRONICLE.  6 

The    Hatidnal  Defemoss. —  least  former  adversaries  and  ene- 

The  viewBof  the  "GreotCaptain"    mies)  as  it  is  to  ourselves 

upon  the  military  position  and  pro-  "  I  have  above,  in  few  Tords, 

Bpecta  of  this  country  mnst  ever  be  represented  our  d^ger.   We  have 

of  the  greatest  interest  and  import-  no  defence,  or  hope  of  defence,  ex- 

ance.    A  letter  of  the  illustrious    cepting  in  onr  fleet 

veterao,  nhioh  maj  be  considered  "  It  is  perfectly  true  that,  as  we 
his  military  testament,  addressed  stand  at  present,  with  our  naval 
to  Sir  John  Surgoyne,  has  been  arsenals  and  dockyards  not  half 
published.  It  is  a  document  of  garrisoned,  5000  men  of  all  arms 
considerable  lei^tb,  and  well  de-  could  not  be  put  under  arms,  if  re- 
serving perusal.  The  following  quired,  for  any  service  whatever, 
are  some  of  the  most  striking  without  leaving  standing  without 
pase^es: —  relief  all  employed  on  any  duty, 
not  excepting  even  the  guards  over 
••  StraihSeldoje,  Jan.  9tb,  1847.  the  pahices  and  the  person  of  the 

"  My  dear  General, — Some  days  Sovereign, 

have  elapsed — indeed,  a  fortnight  "  I  ^cnlate  that  a  declaiatiDn 

has — since  I  received  your  note,  of  war  sbould  probably  find  our 

with  a  copy  of  your  observations  own  garrisons  of  the  strength  as 

on  the  possible  results  of  a  war  follows,    particularly    considering 

with  France,   under  our  present  that  one  of  the  most  common  ac- 

system  of  military  preparataoa.  cnsations  against  this  country  is, 

"  You  are  aware  that  I  have  for  that  the  practice  faas  been  to  com- 

years  been  sensible  of  the  altera-  mence  reprisals  at  sea  simultane- 

tion  produced  in  maritime  warfare  ously  wiu  a  declaration  of  war, 

and  operations  by  the  application  the  order  for  the  first  of  which 

of  steam  ta  the  propelling  of  ships  must  have  been  issued  before  the 

at  sea.  last  can  have  been  published. 

"This  discovery  immediately  ex-  "We  ought  to  be  with  garrisons 

poeed  all  parts  of  Uie  coasts  of  these  as  follows  at  the  moment  war  is 

islands,  which  a  vessel  could  ap-  declared: — 

preach  at  all,  to  be  approached,  at  Men. 

all  times  of  the  tide,  and  in  all  sea-  Channel  Islands  (besides 

sons,  by  vessels  so  propelled,  from  the  militia  of  each,  well 

all  quarters.    We  are,  in  fact,  as-  organized,  trained,  and 

Bailable,  and  at  least  liable  to  in-  disciplined)     ....  10,000 

suit,  and  to  have  contributions  le-    Plymouth 10,000 

vied  upon  us  on  all  parts  of  our  Milford  Haven  ....     5,000 

coast;  that  is,  the  coast  of  these,     Cork 10,000 

includii^   the    Channel    Islands,     Portsmouth 10,000 

which    to    thb   time,    from    the     Dover 10,000 

Kriod  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  Sheemess,  Chatham,  and 

ve  never  been  successfully  in-  the  Thames    ....  10,000 
vaded. 

"  I  have  in  vun  endeavoured  to  "I  suppose  that  one-half  of  the 

awaken  the  attention  of  different  whole  regular  force  of  the  coun- 

Ad  ministrations  to  this  state  of  tiy  would  be  stationed  in  Ireland, 

things,   OS    well    known   to    our  which  half  would  give  the  ganiooit 

nei^bours  (rivals  in   power,  at  for  Cork.   The  remunder  must  be 


ANNUAL   REGISTER.        [1848 


supplied  from  ih«  half  of  th«  wbolo 
force  at  home  stationed  in  Great 

"  The  whole  force  employed  at 
home  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 
wonld  not  afCbrd  a  sufficient  num' 
ber  of  men  for  the  mere  defence 
and  oconpation,  on  the  breaking 
out  of  war,  of  the  works  oon- 
Btraoted  for  the  defence  of  the 
dockyards  and  naral  arsenals, 
without  leaving  a  single  man 
disposable. 

"  The  measnre  upon  vfaioh  I 
hare  earnestly  entreated  different 
Administrations  to  decide,  which 
is  conHtitutional,  and  has  been  in- 
Tariably  adopted  in  time  of  peace 
for  the  last  eighty  years,  is  to 
raise,  embody,  oi^anise,  and  dis- 
dpline  the  militia  of  the  eams 
DumbeTB  for  each  of  the  three 
kingdoms  united  as  during  the 
late  war.  This  would  give  a  masi 
of  organized  force  amounting  to 
abont  ISO.OOO  men,  which  we 
might  immediately  set  to  work  to 
discipline.  This  alone  would  en- 
able us  to  establish  the  strength 
of  our  army.  This,  with  an  aug- 
mentation of  the  force  of  the  re- 
gular army,  which  would  not  cost 
400,000i.,  would  put  the  country 
on  its  legs  in  respect  to  peiaonu 
force,  and  I  would  engi^  for  its 
defence,  old  aa  I  am. 

"  But,  as  we  stand  now,  and  if 
it  be  true  that  the  exertions  of  the 
fleet  alone  are  not  suffident  to  pro- 
vide for  our  defence,  we  are  not  safe 
for  a  week  after  the  dedaration  of 
war. 

"  I  am  acoastomed  to  the  oon- 
rideration  of  these  questions,  and 
have  examined  and  reconnoitred, 
over  and  over  agiun,  the  whole 
coast  from  the  North  Foreland,  by 
Dover,  Folkestone,  Beachy  Head, 
Brighton.  Arundel,  to  Selsey  Bill, 
near  Portsmouth,  and  I  say  that. 


excepting  immediattdy  under  the 
fire  of  Dover  Castle,  there  is  not 
a  spot  on  the  ooaat  on  which  in- 
fentiy  might  not  be  thrown  oh 
shore,  at  any  time  of  tide,  with 
any  wind  and  in  any  weather,  and 
from  which  snch  body  of  inCutiy, 
so  thrown  on  shor«,  would  not  find, 
within  the  distance  of  five  miles.a 
road  into  the  interior  of  the  coan- 
try  throu^  the  cliffs  praotieable 
for  the  march  of  a  body  of  tnopa. 

"  That  in  that  space  of  coast 
(that  is,  between  the  North  Fo» 
land  and  Selsey  Bill)  there  are  not 
less  than  seven  small  hat^urs  ot 
mouths  of  rivers,  each  without  de- 
fence, of  which  an  enemy,  having 
landed  his  infantry  on  ^e  coast. 
might  take  possession,  and  therdo 
land  his  cavalry  and  artillery  of  a)l 
calibre,  and  establish  himself  aod 
his  ooramunicBtion  with  France. 

"  The  nearest  part  of  the  coast 
to  the  metropolis  is  undoubtedly 
the  coast  of  Sussex,  from  the  east 
and  west  side  of  Beachy  Head  and 
to  Selsey  BUI.  There  are  not  less 
than  twelve  great  roads  leading 
txom  Brighton  upon  London,  and 
the  French  army  must  bo  much 
altered  indeed  since  the  time  at 
which  I  was  better  acquainted  with 
it,  if  there  are  not  now  belonging 
to  it  forty  eh»fg  d'itat  M^or-Oe- 
nerals  capable  of  sitting  down  and 
ordering  the  march  to  the  ooaet 
of  40,000  men,  their  embarkation, 
with  their  horses  and  artillery, 
at  the  several  French  port4  on 
the  coast ;  their  disembaraation  at 
named  points  on  the  English  ooait, 
that  of  the  artillery  and  oavalry  In 
named  ports  or  months  of  rivers, 
and  the  assembly  at  named  points 
of  the  several  columns;  and  the 
march  of  each  of  theee  from  stage 
to  stage  to  London. 

"  Let  any  man  examine  nor 
maps  and  road-books,  eouBidsr  of 


JAN.]                    CHRONICLE.  7 

the  mattar,  and  ju^  for  him-  onr  defenes ;  and  of  tb«  disgrace 

self.  — the  indelible  di*gitoe»of  mkb 

"  1  know  of  no  mode  of  resist-  fnilnre. 

ance,  mncb  less  of  protection  from  "  Fntting  out  of  ?iew  all  th« 

this  danger,  exoepting  b^  an  army  other   unfortunate   oonaeqnanosa, 

in  the  field  oapable  of  meeting  and  such  as  the  loes  of  tho  polidcal 

oonteoding   with   its   formidable  and  eodal  positioD  of  this  ootrntiy 

enemy,  aided  by  all  the  means  among  the  nations  of  Europe,  of 

of  foTtifieodon  which  ezperienoe  in  all  ita  alUea,  in  concert  with  and 

war  and  eoienoe  can  auggest.  in  aid  of  ivhom  it  has  in  our  onn 

"  I  shall  be  deemea  foolhardy  times  contended   succeeafully  in 

in  enga^ng  for  the  defence  of  the  arms   for   ita   own   honour   and 

empire  with  an  annjr  composed  of  safely,  and  the  independence  and 

eneh  a  force  of  militu.     I  may  be  freedom  of  the  world. 

•0.    I  confess  it,  I  should  infinitely  "  When  did  any  man  hear  ot 

prefer,  and  sboold  feel  more  con-  allies  of  a  country  unable  to  defend 

ndence  in,  an  army  of  regular  itself? 

tiDope.  But  I  know  that  I  shall  "  Views  of  economy  of  some, 
not  nave  these.  I  may  have  the  and  I  admit  that  the  high  views 
others ;  and  if  an  addition  is  made  of  national  finance  of  ottiers,  in- 
to the  existing  regular  army  al-  duoe  them  to  postpone  those  mea- 
lotted  for  home  defence  of  a  force  sures  absolutely  neoessaiy  for  mere 
which  will  cost  100,()00L  a  year,  defence  and  safe^  under  existing 
there  would  be  a  soffleient  disoi-  oiniumst8nces,fa]^ettinaaltogethar 
plined  force  in  the  field  to  enable  the  common  pracdoe  of  snooessful 
nim  who  should  command  to  de>  armies,  in  modem  times,  imposing 
fimd  the  country.  upon  the  conquered  enormous  pe- 

"  This  is  my  view  of  onr  danger  cuniaiy  contributions,  as  well  as 

and  onr  resouroea."     ....  other    valuable    and    ornamental 

The  illustrious  writer  then  re-     property 

views  t^e  state  of  oar  arsenals.  "  Do  we  suppose  that  we  should 
be  allowed  to  keep— could  we  ad- 

"  I  have  done  more.  I  hare  vance  a  pretennon  to  keep — more 
looked  at  and  considered  these  lo-  than  the  islands  composing  the 
ealldee  in  great  detail,  and  have  United  Kingdom,  ceding  disgrace- 
made  up  my  mind  upon  the  details  fully  the  Ohannel  Islands,  on  which 
of  their  defence.  an  invader  had  never  eetahlislied 

"These  are  questions  to  which  himself  since  the  period  of  the 
my  ndnd  has  not  been  unaccos-  Norman  Conquest? 
tamed.      I   have  considered  and  "  I  am  bonlering  upon  seventy- 
provided  for  the  defence,  the  sue-  seven   years    of   age   passed    in 
eeesfnl  defence,  of  the  fhrntiers  of  honour. 
many  eonntries "I  hope  that  the  Almighty  may 

"  I  qnite  ooneor  in  all  yonr  views  protect  me  iiom  being  the  witness 

cf  the  danger  of  our  position,  and  of  the  tngedy  which  I  cannot  par^ 

ot  the  magnitude  of  the  stake  at  soade  my  contemporaries  to  take 

issue.    I  am  especially  sensible  of  measures  to  avert. 

Hie  certainty  of  foilure  If  we  do  not,  "  Believe  me 

at  an  early  moment,  attend  to  the  "  Ever  yours  sincerely, 

measares  neoessary  to  be  taken  for  "  WELLotoroH." 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


6,     AcOIDBin    AT    THE    EnSTOK 

Squabe  Station.'— 'An  acoideDt  of 
ft  BeriouB  nature  occurred,  about 
half-paat  10  a.  v.,  in  the  new 
buil^ngs  erecting  by  Messrs.  Wil- 
liam Cubitt  and  Co.  at  the  Euston 
Square  etatian  of  the  London  and 
North- Western  Bailwaj,  by  which 
eleven  workmen  were  injured,  two 
of  them  &tally.  It  appears  that 
at  the  end  of  a  large  vestibule, 
lying  between  the  company's  old 
offices  and  a  range  of  new  of- 
fices, a  screen  of  double  columns, 
with  an  entablature  and  attic  over 
them,  was  in  pn^resa  of  construc- 
tion. Between  twenty  and  thirtf 
men  were  at  work  on  the  ecafibld- 
ing  above  the  columns,  when  four 
of  the  pillars  gave  way.  The 
scaffolding  at  the  same  time  yielded 
and  fell,  precipitating  the  workmen 
to  the  ground,  and  many  of  them 
into  an  elliptical  space  intended  to 
form  a  staircase.  It  is  supposed 
that,  from  the  great  expedition 
which  had  necessarily  been  used 
in  canying  up  the  building,  the 
brickwork  of  Uie  columns  had  not 
become  eoffldently  set  before  the 
we^ht  which  they  were  intended 
to  support  was  placed  upon  themj 
and  the  consequence  has  been  the 
accident  which  now  occurred. 

7.  Fatal  AcomENX  to  Eabl 
FowiB. — A  very  distressing  acci- 
dent, resulting  iu  death,  occurred 
to  this  respected  nobleman,  iu 
the  grounds  surrounding  his  resi- 
dence in  Montgomeryshire.  The 
noble  Earl,  his  eldest  son  (Lord 
Clive),  the  Hon.  R.  H.  Olive, 
brother  to  the  Earl,  and  the  Hon. 
Robert  Charles  Herbert,  his  Lord- 
ship's third  son,  were  shooting  in 
the  preserves  near  Fowls  Castle. 
It  appears  that  a  pheasant  sud- 
denly rose,  at  which  Mr.  Herbert 
fired,  when  the  contents  of  the 
guQ  most  unfortunately  struck  the 


Earl,  who  was  atandiog  on  an 
eminence  within  range.  His  lord- 
ship being  wounded  in  the  thigh, 
instantly  fell;  but,  aid  being  at 
hand,  he  was  immei^tely  conveyed 
to  the  Castle,  and  medical  gentle- 
men were  quickly  summoned  to 
his  assistance.  At  first  the  opi- 
nion of  the  Buigeons  was  that 
there  was  no  imminent  dat^r, 
and  that  the  case  wss  proceeding 
favourably ;  his  &mily,  neverthe- 
less,  thought  it  necessaiy  to  send  to 
IiOndon  for  Sir  Benjamin  Brodie. 
The  event,  however,  excited  but 
little  attention,  for  sanguine  hopes 
were  entertained  that  his  lord- 
ship's wound  would  not  prove  dan- 
gerous ;  it  was,  therefore,  with  the 
utmost  surprise  and  regret  that 
the  intelligence  of  his  death  was 
received.  The  suddenness  of  this 
distressing  event,  the  painful  cir- 
cumstancesunder  which  it  oocuired, 
and  the  respect  in  which  the  cha- 
racter of  the  noble  Earl  was  held, 
created  deep  sympathy  in  the  loss 
that  his  fatnily  nnd  immediate 
friends  have  eustiuned.  For  a 
brief  summary  of  the  events  of 
the  noble  Earl's  career,  see  the 
"  Obituary  "  of  this  volume. 

8.  The  Mirfiku)  Mokdebs. — 
The  trial  and  conviction  of  Patrick 
Reid  and  Michael  McCabe  for  the 
triple  murders  at  Mirfield  is  given 
at  length  in  the  "Law  Caaea"  of 
the  Ansuai,  Beqisteb  for  1847, 
pp.  809-319.  In  consequence 
of  the  representations  of  the  msr 
gistracy  and  some  favourable  cir- 
oumatances  which  appeared  in  the 
case  of  McCabe,  his  sentence  was 
commuted  to  transportation;  but 
Reid  was  this  day  executed,  pur- 
suant to  his  sentence,  at  Tork. 
An  extraordinary  concourse  of  peo- 
ple attended  from  the  surrounding 
distiicts;  so  that  from  30,000  to 
iO,000  spectators  enoompaased  the 


JAN.] 


CHRONICLE. 


mfToId — a  number  said  to  have 
been  unprecedented  except  at  the 
execution  of  Eugene  Aram.  Beid 
was  attended  bj  a  Roman  Catholic 
priest,  and  they  knelt  and  prayed 
on  the  platform.  The  connot  did 
not  addrets  the  multitude ;  but  he 
■aid  to  the  officers  around  him — 
"  Well,  gentlemen,  I  wiali  to  say 
that  I  alone  am  the  guilty  person ; 
that  M'Gabe  ia  entirely  innocent ; 
that  no  human  beii^  in  the  world 
had  anything  to  do  ^tfa  it  but  my- 
self." 

DKnBHonoN  of  Chaoses,  akd 
OF  AnoD&TA. — The  town  of  Gba- 
gTe8,onthe  Spanish  Main,  has  been 
nearly  totally  destroyed  by  fire. 
The  Cnstom-house,  with  its  stores 
and  bonding  warehouses,  contain- 
ing merchandise  to  a  large  amount 
in  value,  chiefly  the  proper^  of 
Britdsb  merchants,  were  entirely 
consumed. 

About  the  same  time  intolUgence 
was  received  that  the  maritime  dty 
of  Augusta,  in  Sicily,  bad  been 
wrecked  by  earthquake.  A  first 
shock  of  great  violence  drove  the 
people  from  their  faouaes;  the 
lata]  second  shock  then  worked 
such  destruction  that  only  twenty- 
seven  houses  remained  standing. 
Where  the  mole  lately  stood  the 
sea  now  gives  no  bottom  at  fifty 
fathoms.  Fifty-nine  citizens  had 
been  drawn  out  of  the  ruins, 
wounded,  but  alive;  thirty-five 
dead  bodies  had  been  recovered. 

10.   Gbb&t    Bobbebt   of   So- 


Bailway.  A  box  containing  15001. 
in  sovereigns  was  despatched  from 
a  London  bank  to  their  correspond- 
ent at  Taunton.  The  box,  which 
was  well  secured  by  iron  clomps, 
and  with  its  contents  weighed  136 
lbs.,  was  sent  by  a  special  and  con- 
fidentia]  measenger  to  the  Pad- 


diogton  terminus,  who  delivered  it 
into*  the  hands  of  the  guard  im- 
mediately beioTe  the  train  started. 
The  guard  himself  placed  the  box 
of  com  in  the  Dompartment  ad- 
joining bis  own  box,  the  said  com- 
partment being  occupied  with  par- 
cels only,  and  between  the  two 
there  was  a  oommnnication  bj 
means  of  the  aperture  over  the 
break.  The  guard,  on  receiving 
the  box,  said, "  All  right — 111  take 
care  of  it"  The  messenger  re- 
m^iined  on  the  platform  till  the 
train  was  in  motion,  and  not  more 
than  a  minute  elapsed  between 
the  delivery  of  the  box  and  the 
departure  of  the  train.  On  the 
arrival  of  the  trun  at  Bristol  the 
bos  was  discovered  to  have  been 
broken  open  and  the  contents  ab- 
stracted. How  it  vaa  effected,  or 
how  it  could  have  been  effected 
without  exciting  attentioD,  is  un- 
explained, as  it  could  not  be  done 
without  great  force  and  noise. 

10.   CoNFIBKATION    OF    THE    Bl- 

BHOP  OF  Manohebteb. — The  cere- 
mony of  the  confirmation  of  Dr. 
Lee  as  Bishop  of  Manchester  led 
to  a  very  unusual  scene.  The  pro- 
ceeding took  place  in  the  church 
of  St.  James,  Piccadilly,  where  a 
citation  of  opposers  bad  been  pub- 
lished on  the  previous  day.  The 
requisite  documents  having  been 
read,  a  proclamation  for  opposers 
was  made  by  an  officer ;  whereon 
Mr.  Outteridge,  a  known  vehement 
enemy  of  the  bishop  elect,  stood 
foTwud  and  announced  himself  as 
an  opposer;  he  was  immediately 
stopped  and  informed  that  no  op- 
position would  be  allowed.  Pro- 
clamation for  opposers  was  again 
made,  and  Mr.  Outteridge  again 
stood  forward,  and  was  again  re- 
fused. Whereon  all  opposers  were 
pronoimced  oontumadous,  and  tbe 
bishop  was  declared  riglitly  and 


10  ANNUAL     REGISTER.  ^848 

lnvfoUy  el«ated  vitlumt  oppodtioi).  after  friiiali  prookiutioa  w»a  atads, 
Mr.  Qutteiidgfl  bad  piibuslibd  i  oommanding  all  otyeatni  to  oome 
MriM  of  libels  agaiut  Dr.  hee,  for  fomrd  and  make  their  algaatiaiw 
whioih  a  oriminal  indictmont  had  in  doo  form  of  law. 
been  preferred  againat  him.  (Beo  Hereon  Mr.  Townaend,  proctor, 
April  6.)  atood  forward  and  aniKninced  that 
11.  CoNFQUClXiOX  OF  IBB  Bl-  hs  appeared  for  the  Bar.  K  W. 
SHOP  or  HsBBFOBD.— The  Queon  Himtlej,  the  Rer.J,  Jebb,  andth* 
having  been  pleased  to  reoommend  Bev.  W,  F.  Powell,  to  oppose  iiho 
theReTarendRanaDiokaonHamp-  eleetian.  The  ViausQ«nenl  re- 
d«D,  D.D->  to  be  Bishop  of  Hers-  fuaed  to  reoaive  the  Ubel  proffared, 
fbxd,  and  the  Dosn  and  Chaptar  and  a  diseaaaton  anaoed ;  after 
having  elected  him  to  be  their  aomo  ooutroTersy,  Dr.  Addams  wai 
bi^op  and  pastor  in  oonformitf  allowed  to  argue  the  point,  that, 
thereto,  the  ceremon;  of  the  oon-  under  the  fi6  Henrj  VIII.  o.  20, 
finaation  of  the  election  was  ap-  the  Vioar-General  was  botmd  to 
pointed  to  be  performed  thia  day  reoalTe  the  okjeotion.  Dr.  Addama 
in  Bow  Chunib,  Cheapside.  When  and  Dr.  K.  Pfaillimoro  arflued  the 
aome  years  ago  Dr.  Hampden  was  point  Tai7  learnedly ;  out  the 
uipointed  Begins  Profeaaor  of  Di>  oommiaaariaa  immediately  oTn>- 
nnity  in  the  Univerai^  of  Oxford,'  mled  the  argument.  Proelamation 
the  appointment  met  with  gnat  was  then  again  made,  that  all  ob- 
(^poeitioD  from  a  large  and  infiu-  joctora  should  oeme  forward ;  aa 
ential  party  in  the  Ohoroh,  who  none  came  forward,  they  were  pro- 
alleged  that  Dr.  Hampden  had  nounced  oontomaeiouB,  a  prooeed- 
held  opinione  for  from  orthodox  in  ing  which  was  rseeind  with  a  good 
aome  of  hia  writings,  and  in  oon-  deu  of  derision  by  the  persona 
sequence  an  attempt  was  made  to  who  orowded  the   chnrch.     Tha 

?'ve  preference  to  the  Margaret  eonfirmatioD  waa  (hen  proceeded 
rofeaaor  of  DivlnilT,  and  to  pasa  with  and  completed,  ana  the  new 
over  the  higher  dignitary.  A1-  biahop  took  the  oaths, 
though  this  oppontion  met  with  The  olgaotars  brooght  the  mat- 
no  auoceas,  and  the  oontroTorsy  ter  before  the  Court  of  Queen'a 
had  long  gone  to  aJeep,  the  selec  Benoh  by  seeking  a  wumdamvM  to 
tion  of  Dr.  Hampden  to  fill  tha  oompel  the  archbishop  to  receive 
•ee  of  Hereford  aroused  it  in  full  the  objeodons.'  (Bee  Law  Caszb.) 
force,  and  it  waa  known  that  oppo-  11.  Fibe  it  St.  amoDB's, 
aition  would  be  made  by  some  Southwabe. — ^This  venemUe  £s- 
eminent  divines  to  the  oonflrma-  brie,  which  a  few  years  ago  waa  &• 
tion  of  the  election.  In  oonae-  object  of  so  mneh  interest  firom  the 
quence  of  this  and  of  the  interest  threatened  destmetion  of  its  bean- 
occasioned  by  the  scene  which  bad  tiful  Lady  Ofaapel,  had  a  narrow 
oooorred  the  day  preceding  at  the  escape  from  destruction  from  a 
oonflrmation  of  the  election  of  the  vary  singular  oanae.  St.  Saviour^ 
BiriiopofMsnoheBter,  BowOhorch  Church  consists  of  two  distinct 
waa  denaelyCTOwdedl^  an  assembly  edifioea  under  one  roof,  remteot- 
of  clergy  and  others.  The  ecclesi-  ively  called  the  old  chur^  and  the 
Bstioal  offioera  having  arrived  and  new  church.  The  eastern  end  ot 
aervioa  having  been  performed,  the  the  building,  in  the  south-east  oor- 
Qoeen's  liotteia  Patent  were  read;  ner  of  which  the  fu^fiuned  "Ijidya 


JAN.]                     CHRONICLE.  11 

Cbapel"  u  situate,  ta  the  Mm  of  black  smoke  were  n^ndlyum- 

poTtion  of  the  bnilding,  and  this  is  ing.      A  large  quaiitit7  of 'water 

separated  from  the  new  ohoroh  bj  a  having  been  thrown  into  the  vault, 

wallnmniBgnptotheBiimnutofUie  after  the  lapse  of  a  very  consider- 

roof,  the  west  front  of  which  forms  able  time,  tlie  fire  raging  beneath 

the  eastern  end  of  the  later  edifice,  was  bo  far  subdued  as  to  allow  the 

Under  the  paTement  of  the  old  firemen  to  descend  into  the  vault, 

churoh  are  situated  the  vsulu,  in  It  was  then  disooveied  that  the 

whioh  respectable  inhabitants  of  the  immediate  locali^  of  the  fire  was 

perish  have  been  interredforthelast  near  the  spot  where  Mr.  Atkinson's 

two  or  three  centuries,  and  vriiioh  cofBn  had  been  deposited  on  the 

at  present  contain,  probably,  about  previous  day.     The  outer  eases  of 

400  oofSns.    This  vault  is  entered  six  or  eight  oofflns  were  almost 

by  a  flight  of  steps  immediately  wholly  consumed,  the  leaden  po^ 

<i])pofflte  the  doorway,  the  opening  tion  of  some  melted,  and,  in  a  few 

over  which,  on  ordinary  occasions,  instanoee,  the  bodies  within  them 

is  covered  with  a  masBive   iron  burnt.    All  the  coffins  in  the  vi- 

plate,  which  fits  into  the  aperture,  dni^  were  more  or  less  soorohed 

On  Monday  afternoon,  the  body  and  otherwise  injured,  and  the  saw- 
of  Mr.  Atkinson,  a  parishioner,  was  dnst  with  which  the  floor  of  the 
interred  in  this  vault  As  on  all  vault  was  covered  was  in  some 
similar  oooasions,  that  portion  of  places  entirely  conenraed.  The 
the  religious  serrice  performed  fire  b  supposed  to  have  originated 
under  ground  was  read  by  the  chap-  by  a  spark  ^m  one  of  the  candles 
lain  by  candlelight.  Eight  candles  having  fallen  among  the  diy  saw- 
only  were  used,  each  being  placed  dust  between  the  tieis  of  cofBns. 
in  an  inm  oandlestiok.  After  the  13.  Ehthbohihation  of  thb 
fimerat  had  been  oonoluded,  the  Akchbishop  of  York. — The  cere- 
sexton  closed  the  outer  doora,  leav.  mony  of  the  enthronisation  of  Dr. 
ing,  as  be  believed,  everything  Musgrave,  as  Archbishop  of  York, 
perfectly  safe.  was  performed  in  his  arohieriiscopal 

On  the  following  morning,  whan  cathedral,   with  great   splendour, 

the  sexton  entered  the  new  ohuroh.  No  similar  ceremony  had  ooourred 

he  immediately  peroeived  a  strong  for  the  long  period  of  thirty  yeait^ 

smell  of  fire,  and  saw  wreaths  of  Dr.  Vernon  Harconrt,   the    laM 

smoke  curling  above  the  upper  por-  reverend    Primate,   having    been 

ticn  of  the  biolding.    On  arriving  translated   in   1808.     In  oonse- 

at  the  wall  separating  the    two  quenee,  the  cathedral  was  crowded 

chnrohes  he  opened  one  of  the  with   the   HUe   of   the  northern 

doors,  when  the  smoke  rushed  out  gentiy. 

in  a  dense  volume.    He  closed  The  Dean    and   Chapter  first 

the  door  again  directly,  and  sent  entered  the  saored  edifice,  when 

for  the  engines.    An  entraooe  to  the  letters  mandatory  were  read, 

the  old  church  was  made  through  They  then  went  in  procession  to 

one  of  the  windows,  the  hose  was  the  western   entrance  to   receive 

conveyed   into   the  bnilding,  and  his  Grace,  whom  they  condueted 

water  was  very  soon  dirscted  at  to    the    Chapter    House,    where 

the  seat  of  mischief,  which  was  the   petition    for    enthronisation 

fi}nnd  to  be  the  great  vault,  firom  was  read,  which  was  thereon  de- 

tbeeatianoeof  wh^denseTolumee  creed.     The  Andtbisht^  was  then 


12               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

conducted  to  the  cathedral,  where  second  goftrd  of  the  other  trun, 

the  petition  and  decree  were  read,  were  taken  into  custody.     It  was 

His  Orace  then  took  the  usual  oath,  alleged   hj  these  that   the  night 

and  was  invested  with  the  pastoral  was  dark  and  foggy,  and  the  nuls 

and    archiepiscopal    dicnit;.      A  slippery,  and  that  they  could  not 

short  service  being  performed,  the  see  the  signal  lampe. 

Archbishop  pronounced  the  bless-  A  Coroner's  inquest   was  held 

ing,  and  dismissed  the  congrega-  upon  the  body  of  Marklaad,  and 

tion,  from  the  throne.  after  a  very  lengthened  inquiry  the 

14.    AcciDEKT   OK  THE  SoiJTH  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  "  Man- 

WESTERif  KuLWAT. — A  ssiious  ac-  slaughter  "  against  Jones  and  Flem- 

cident  oocnred  on  the  London  and  ing,  the  driver  and  stoker  of  the 

South- Western  Railway.    The  up-  luggage  train.     They  were  tried  at 

train,  which  left  Southampton  at  Kingston,  and  found  "Not  guilty." 

six  o'clock,  came  to  a  standstill  at  10.  Cobonkb's  Ixquest  ok  Sir 

Frimley,  in  consequence  of  some  Hekbt  Miluvat. — A    coroner's 

disarrangement  in  the  machinery  iaquest  was  held  at  the  Dedford 

of  the  engine.     WhUe  the  engine-  Arius,  Gadogan  Place,  to   inquire 

driver  repured  the  defect,  a  guard  into  the  cause  of  the  death  of  Sir 

was  sent  back  with  a  red  light,  to  Henry  St.  John  Mildmay. 

stay  the  pn^as  of  the  usual  night  Thomas  Tremor,  valst  dt  eham- 

luggage-train  from   Southampton ;  ftrf  to  the  deceased,  deposed,  tJiat 

in   twenty  minutes    a   train   was  his  name  waa  Sir  Henry  SL  John 

heard   approaching,   and  another  Mildmay.  and  that  he  resided  at  6, 

Cirson  was  sent  back  with  a  red  Halkin  Terrace.  The  deceased  was 

mp;  but  the  approaching  luggage-  6ii  years  of  age.     He  was  found 

train  continued  its  career,  running  dead  in  his  bed  about  a  quarter  to 

into  the  paseenger-Lrain  with  a  tre-  6  o'clock  on  Monday  morning  last, 

mendous  crash.  He  was  undressed.    Witness  had 

Markland,  the  engine4river  of  called  him  at  five  o'clock,  by  hb 

the  passenger  train,    was    under-  own  desire,  and  deceased  acknow- 

neatu  his  own  locomotive,  repair-  ledged  the  call.     Witness  bad  put 

ing  the  damage ;  the  noise  made  the  deceased's  clothes  out  for  him 

by  the  steam  in  bio  wing-off  pre-  todress.andpackedhisownclothes, 

vented  him  from  hearing  the  ap-  to  leave  town.    After  putting  the 

proach  of  the  train,  and  there  was  deceased's  clothes  out  he  went  back 

no   time  to  warn  him;   he   was  to  his  room,  and  deceased  oaked 

crushed  to  death  in  on  instant,  for  his  box,  which  witness  gave 

The  guard  of  the   luggage  traui  him,  and  left  him.    That  vras  about 

suffered  severely,  as  he  was  pitched  half-past  6,  and  he  heard  nothing 

from  his  carriage  on  to  the  rood,  more  of  him  until  he  went,  SO  mi- 

feUing  on  his  head:  bis  recovery  nutes  before  6,  to  see  if  he  was 

was  from  the  first  hopeless,  his  arm  getting  up.     Deceased  looked  very 

was  fractured,  and  he  was  other  strange.     Witness  took  the  box 

wise  mach  injured.   Mr.  Hutchins.  away  from  him,  and  deceased  de- 

of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  had  sired  witness  to  put  it  back  agiun, 

his  leg  broken,  and  several  other  as  he  had  not  done  with  it.    He 

passengers  were  dreadfully  injured  said  something  whioh  witness  did 

and  bmised.    The  driver  and  the  not   understand — he   spoke   rery 

stoker  of  the  luggage  liain,  and  the  strange  and  not  at  all  iu  his  usual 


JAN.]                   CHRONICLE.  18 

lx)De  of  voioe.  Witness  put  the  decided  and  peculiar.  Other  evi- 
box  on  the  bed  again,  and  he  then  dence  was  given  cormboratiTe  of 
Baid  something  about  not  going,  or  the  change  in  deceaaed'a  manner. 
he  would  tell  him  preBently.  Wit-  Augustus  Warren,  Great  Busaell 
nesg  then  left  him,  and  went  down  Street,  Bloomsbury,  solicitor  to  the 
stairs,  and  in  abont  three  minutes  deceased,  had  frequent  intercourse 
heard  a  noiee  which  appeared  to  with  him.  Saw  him  on  Sunday, 
him  aa  if  deceased  had  upset  the  about  half-past  6  o'clock.  He  was 
table.  In  about  two  minutes  be  then  distressed  in  consequence  of 
went  np  to  his  room  and  found  him  his  pecuniary  embarrassments,  and 
dead  in  bed.  He  had  a  pistol,  he  odled  to  speak  to  him  on  the 
which  he  held  in  both  hands.  Wit-  subject,  which  was  unusnal  on  a 
nees  then  called  the  landlord,  and  Sunday,  and  said  he  was  quite  sure 
went  for  deceased's  surgeon,  who  "  he  could  not  face  his  difficulties." 
was  not  at  home,  and  he  then  went  He  was  hesitating  as  to  his  going 
to  Mr.  Trevany,  but  his  attendance  abroad.  He  was  in  fear  of  beins 
was  quite  nseless.  The  body  was  arrested  on  Monday.  He  said 
in  the  same  position  as  it  then  something  about  its  being  good  for 
was,  with  the  pistol  in  his  bands  him  to  be  out  of  the  world,  but  he 
and  the  finger  on  the  trigger.  He  did  not  appear  to  meditate  suicide, 
did  not  know  where  deceased  had  He  appeared  not  to  know  well 
got  the  pistol  from ;  he  had  never  what  he  was  doing.  A  change  ap- 
seen  the  pistol  before.  Has  lived  peared  in  his  manner  boUk  on 
□early  seven  years  with  the  de-  Friday  and  Saturday.  His  (de- 
ceased. For  we  last  two  or  three  ceased's)  difficulties  were  such  that 
days  noticed  a  great  change  in  his  he  could  not  prevent  the  execution 
conduct;  his  orders  were  incon-  being.put  in  force — it  was  not  for 
sistent,  and  his  manner  different  a  lat^e  sum.  His  judgment  was 
from  what  it  usually  was.  On  not  then  in  a  sound  state,  althoogh 
Saturday  and  Sunday  he  began  to  he  could  not  say  that  he  was  in- 
doubt  the  soundness  of  his  mind.  sane.  He  put  his  hand  to  his 
On  Sunday  he  went  out  early,  and  head  two  or  three  times,  aa  if  he 
returned  at  8  o'clock  in  the  even-  was  suffeiing  very  much, 
ing.  Witness  noticed  that  he  was  The  Jury  returned  a.  verdict, 
veiy  low  and  undecided  in  his  that  "  The  deceased  was  found 
manner.  He  told  witnesa  to  get  dead ;  that  his  death  was  caused  by 
ready  to  go  into  the  country,  and  dischai^ing  a  loaded  pistol  by  his 
witness  stated  Uiere  was  not  suffi-  own  band ;  and  that  at  the  time  he 
cient  time  to  do  so  by  to-morrow  discharged  it  he  was  of  unsound 
morning.   He  told  him  that  he  had  mind." 

metwittaanaccidentwhich  detained  SO.  Murdeb  a.t   Lebds.  —  A 

him  an  hour  and  a  half — the  shaft  most  deliberate  act  of  homicide  was 

of  the  Brougham  had  been  broken,  committed  at  the  Cavaliy  Barracks, 

He  said,  that  his  brother  bod  gone  Leeds.    About  7  o'clock,  a  married 

down  that  night,  and  he  wished  tp  man,  samed  William  Garratt,  r 

go  down  to  his  seat  at  Dt^mers-  private  in  the  5Tth  Begiment,  VOB 

field,  in  Hampshire.    All  this  was  in  his  room  at  the  bmacks  with 

very   unusual.      He    bad    never  his  wife,  private  Michael  Stokes, 

wished  to  go  to  the  country  so  sud-  sei^eant  Keenan,  private  Dooley 

denly.    His  manner  was  most  un-  or    Doolan,    and   other   eoldiera. 


14  ANNUAL    REGISTER.         [1848 

Withoat  anj  uigrf  mods  or  th*  dm,  and  I  had  bcwm^  got  the 

■lightMt     obMrndon,     HichMl  mtch  into  m;  podet  when  I  boKrd 

StokM  got  hia  moBket  from  the  th«  raport  of  tlw  mnakflt.    I  w«a 

nsk  in  vhioh  it  wu  usoall;  kept,  •bmding  with  in;  imck  to  tbo  fire. 

■nd  took  it  for  k  momant  or  two  Mid  Bh«  wis  •bmding  on  m;  left, 

to  «  tftble,  u  if  he  wu  nbout  to  As  soon  as  I  heard  the  report  I 

olatn  it.    Ho,  bowever,  anddanlj  turned  and  but  the  mneket  drop 

turned  round,  pat  the  piece  to  hu  from  the  ptinnsr'i  hand  nptw  tbie 

ahoulder,  polled  the  tri^er,  and  floor.    I  aaw  my  wife  staggar  baek- 

■hot  Ura.  Qamtt.     Bhe  fell  to  wards,  and  the  exclaimed,  "  Lord 

the  ground  moilaUj  wounded,  the  have  marof  upon  ns,  what  have  jw 

bullet  from  the  musket  having  en-  done?"    I  ran  up  to  the  prisaDer 

tared  her  abdomen,  and  passed  out  and  said,  "  Yon  ■ooundrol,  what 

St  her  back.     Mr.  Jackson,  the  have  jou  doner  Have  tou  shot  mj 

regimental  surgeon,  was  inunedi-  wife?"     I  thonght  st  first  my  wife 

tbtlj  cslled  and  in  attendance  upon  was  fainting,  owing  to  the  report  of 

the  poor  noman,  but  she  expired  the  muskoL     I  ssid  to  the  pri- 

in  about  an  hour  and  a  half  after-  soner  in  m^  excitement,  "  lU  load 

wftrds.  mr  piec«,  snd  shoot  yoo."     He 

Stoke*  was  instantly  taken  into  said,  "  Load  it; "  and  mj  wife,  vrim 

oustody.     A  coroner's  inquest  was  was  l)'ing  upon  her  back,  called  to 

bold  on  the  body  of  the  murdered  me  for  assistanoe,  and  I  went  snd 

woman.  lifrod  her  up.    There  were  two  or 

William  Oarratt,  tbe  husband  of  three  more  men  in  the  room,  who 

the  deoeased  ssid : — I  am  a  private  took  the  phscmer  into  custody.    I 

in  tbe  STth  Ragiment.     Utcbael  plaoed  my  wife  on  a  form,  and  she 

Stokes  is  a  nrivatw  in  the  same  begged  to  be  carried  to  bed.     I 

regiment.     The  deceased  vras  S8  osrried  her  to  bed,  and  found  a 

Eirs  and  i  months  old.  I  did  not  wound  in  her  belly,  from  which 
ow  the  prisoner  until  about  four  she  bled  a  great  deal.  Mr.  Jack- 
moutha  ago,  when  I  and  my  wife  son,  surgeon,  was  in  attendance 
earoe  to  tbe  Leeds  barracks.  Since  immediately,  but  my  wife  died 
we  have  been  in  X^eeds,  Stokes  has  about  hidf-past  6  o'clock.  No  con- 
slept  in  the  tame  room  with  me  versation  bad  taken  place  that 
ana  my  wife.  About  7  o'clock  on  evening,  before  this  happened,  be- 
Thunday  evening,  tbeprisoner  was  twesn  the  prisoner  and  me,  or  be- 
in  tbe  room  with  us.  The  prisoner  tweeu  him  and  my  vrifs.  I  do  not 
eame  up  to  Michael  Dooley  and  think  my  wife  bad  been  out  of  my 
■aked  for  a  piece  of  bees'-waxed  eight  for  three  minutos  during  two 
rag.  Dooley  said  there  was  some  hours  before  this  happened.  I 
in  bis  havenack.  The  next  time  don't  think  she  was  five  minntee 
I  ssw  the  prisoner  he  vras  stand-  out  of  my  sight  from  half-past  12 
ing  at  a  toble  in  the  middle  o'clock  at  noon  to  7  o'clock  in  the 
of  the  room,  and  be  i^ipeared  to  evening.  The  prisoner  bad  been 
ne  to  ba  doing  something  with  hie  in  the  room,  bnt  I  do  not  think  I 
musket.  About  a  minute  sfter-  had  spoken  to  him  during  tbe  time, 
vards  my  vrife  came  up  to  me  and  nor  do  I  think  my  vrife  had.  There 
■aked  me  what  o'clock  it  vras?  I  bad  been  do  quarrel  vrith  the  pri- 
took  out  my  watoh  and  told  her.  soner  on  that  day.  I  do  not  know 
Bhe  wis  lathing  and  jddng  with  that  nay  wife  had  evw  quarrelled 


JAN.]  CHRONICLE.  IS 

witb  faiaa,  or  aud  anything  to  him,  I  asked  him  wham  he  loaded  tha 

axoopt   tailing  him  that  ha  vaa  pieoef    He  aaid,  "He  had  had  it 

mora  nice  than  anj  other  man  vaa.  in  hia  mind  at  two  o'olodc  to  ahoot 

ItiBiiotthecaatomintliabamckB  theiroman,  bat  he  could  not  get  a 

toke^  the  mnaketa  loaded,  except  ohanoe,  and   he   thought  it  vaa 

irfaui  on  du^,  or  on  esoort.    It  is  about  five  o'clock  when  he  loaded 

■gainst    the  general  rule  of  the  hie  piece."    He  said  he  loaded  it 

array.      Btokes  was  at  the  puada  with  ball  cartiidga.    Jonoa  askad 

in  the  monung.     The  piaoes  are  him  if  it  was  aotually  iMded  when 

all  examined  daring  parade.   I  can  he  pat  it  into  the  arm-iai^  ?    He 

give  no  eKplanation  of  this  occnr-  aaid  he  loaded  it  and  pnt  it  into 

renoe.     I  do  not  recollect  my  wife  the  rack.    He  aaid  he  did  not  get 

•ver  saying  an  angiy  word  to  the  a  chance  nntil  aboat  seren  o'clock. 

pxuoner.  when  he  ran  over,  t«ok  out  the 

WilliamMnBtard,ee^euitintha  mnsket,   end   ahot   the    vunan. 

Kth  Dragoon  Gnarde,  stated  that  Jones  aaked  him  if  he  wonld  tell 

while  the  prisoner  was  in  charge  the  aeoret?    He  aaid,  "  No,  I  will 

of  m  sergeant,  in  the  goard-room,  a  not ;  I  will  go  and  lie  down,  and 

man  named  Jonea  asked  him  if  he  no  one  on  euth  shall  know  it  ex- 

was  Borr;  for  what  he  had  done.  He  oept  the  priest."   By  "  the  secret " 

replied,  "  No."  Jones  asked  him  if  was  meant  his  reason  for  doing  the 

it  was  his  intention  to  ahoot  the  act    This  ended  the  coaTsraation, 

'Woman  ?  He  said,  "  Yes,  it  was  his  and  the  prisoner  lay  down  on  the 

intention  to  ahoot  her  two  months  guard  bed. 

ago,  bat  he  wae  prevented,  and  he        Other  evidenoe  was  given  oo^ 

took  a  second  Uion^t."    I  then  roborative  of  the  above.    The  pri- 

.asked  him  if  he  had  any  spite  eoner,  on  being  aaked  by  the  coroner 

agaiiist  the  sergeant  in  the  lOom  ?  if  he  bad  anything  to  say,  replied. 

He  said,  "No.'    The  man  then  "No,  sir;  I  have  nothing  to  aay." 

aaked  him  if  he  had  any  spite  The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of 

against  the  woman,  or  any  fidUng  "Wilful  mnrder"  agunst  Hudiasl 

out  with  her  ?    He  said, "  No ;  but  Stokes. 

that  she  had  said  some  worda  to         The  prisoner  was  tried  at  York, 

him  which  no   one  should  ever  in  March  following,  and  convicted, 

know  except  tiie  priest"    Jonea  Hewaaeiecut«doathel9tfaofMay. 
adced  him  if  he  knew  the  woman        ExmrarvB    Frauds.  —  George 

wasdeod?    Hesaid,"No;  buthe  Whiaton,  a  joong  jeweller  of  Bip- 

thought  he   heard  them  talking  mingham,  lua  been  committed  for 

about  it"    About  half-past  eight  trial  there  for  a  long  series  of 

o'clock  he  asked  if  she  was  dMd,  frauds.    The  man  had  been  in  the 

and  Jonea  told  him  that  ahe  died  habit  of  taking  for  sale  bars  of  a 

about  half-past  eight.     He  then  mixed  metal,  gold  and  silver,  to 

aaid,   "I  can  now  be  hi^^;    I  MesarB.  Alston  and  Maofarline,  re- 

eoold  ttot  have  died  happy  if  she  flnere.    When  the  ingots  were  of- 

had  lived."    I  then  asked  him  if  fered,  two  pieces  were  cut  out  for 

he  had  any  animoai^  against  any  the  puipose  cS  assaying  them,  tit* 

one  in  ^  company?    He  aaid,  placea  being  then  marked  by  the 

"Yea,  there  is  oue  man  off  on  refiners  wita  a  pont^    Peoding 

furlondli,  and  if  h«  had  been  at  the  assay,  Whistmi  took  away  the 

home  I  wotdd  have  shot  him  too."  bars;  he  tiien  cast  ingote  of  « 


16  ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

Bpniious  metal,  cut  two  pieces  out,  deTaatatiDn  would  not  be  confined 

and  with  a  pimcli  forged  the  marks  to  one  house.    The  fire  speedilj 

of  the  refiners.    These  ingots  he  broke  through  the  skylights  of  the 

took  for  sale ;  and  the  assay  having  arcade,  and  ascended  so  high  that 

shown  that  the  original  hars  were  the  district  was  rendered  as  light 

of  a  certain  value,  the  base  metal  as  at  noon.    The  flames  speedilf 

was  purchased  at  a  high  rate— 1 44,  reached  the  hooses  on  the  opposite 

per  ounce,  while  not  worth  more  side  of  the  Arcade,  and  spread  with 

than  2f .  0^.    At  length  the  fraud  such  rapidity  as  to  portend  the 

was  discovered ;  but  not,  it  is  cal-  destmctiou  of  the  entire  propertr. 

cnlated,  until  the  rogue  had  made  Fortunately  the  engines  speedily 

a  large  sum  by  his  trickeiy.  arrived,  and  by  great  exertions  tha 

SS.  FiBE  IN  BuBLiNQTOK  Ab-  fire  was  got  under ;  but  not  before 

CADE. — ShorUy  before  five  o'clock,  fourteen  nouses  had  been  destroyed 

the  inhabitants  of  Burlington  Aiv  orgreatlydamaged.andaninmiense 

cade  were  suddenly  aroused  from  quantity  of  valuable  properly  con- 

their  slumbers  by  the  outbreak  of  sumed. 

a  fire  of  a  serious  character  in  the        S3.  Colusion  at  Sea. — A  &tal 

centre  of  tltat  fashionable  but  very  collision  occurred,  during  the  night, 

confined  place  of  business.    The  off  the  south-east  coast  of  Iremd, 

flames  began  in  the  house  num-  about  forty  miles  below  Tuskar. 

bered  14,  in  the  tenure  of  Mr.  The  auxiliary  screw  steamer  Aram 

Russell,  a  walking-stick  dealer.  was  on  her  voyage  from  Liverpool 

The  discovety  was  made  by  Oard-  to  Malta,  when  she  came  in  contact 

ner,  the  night  porter,  who  noticed  with  the  Philadelphia  packet-ship 

smoke  pounng  iorth  from  the  build-  Susquehanna,  on  her  way  to  Liver- 

ing  before  mentioned.     He  irame-  pool.     The  night  was  rough  and 

diately  ran  to  the  premises,  when  cloudy,  and  the  disaster  appears  to 

he  saw  flames  issuing  through  the  have  been  quite  unavoidable.    The 

apertures  in  the  front  door.     He  accounts  vaiy  as  to  which  vessel 

auonted  "  Fire,"  and  knocked  vio-  drove  into  the  other,  but  the  Aram 

lently  at  the  shutters.    Whilst  so  was  the  more  damaged.   The  water 

doing,  the  inmates,  who  had  been  entered  rapidly,  and  the  people 

slewing  on  the  premises,  appeared  were  obliged  to  take  to  their  bo^, 

at  the  upper  window.    The  porter  two  in  number :  nnhappily,  in  the 

told  them  to  get  upon  the  roof,  and  darkness  and  confusioiS,  the  boats 

he  would  assist  them  through  the  parted  from  the  steamer  while  there 

next  house.  They  did  as  requested;  were  yet  six  hands  on  board,  and 

but  before  they  had  time  to  reach  the  vessel  could  not  be  regained. 

the  adjoining  building  flames  shot  Afl«r  a  perilous  navigation,  both 

upwards,  apparently  from  the  base-  boats    rwched   the  Siuqiukanna, 

ment,  and  nearly  suffocated  them,  and    the    people   were    taken   on 

By  a  desperate   efTort,  however,  board.   The  packet  then  bore  down 

they  succeeded  in  getting  into  the  for  the  wreck ;  but  a  light  which 

house  of  Mr.  Jeff,  the  bookseller,  had  been  burning  on  it  suddenly 

next  door.    By  the  time  they  had  vanished,  doubtless  from  the  ves- 

dtme  so   the   building,  from   the  sel's    foundering.     Nothing   more 

basement  to  the  roof,  presented  was  seen  of  her,  though  the  Suijue- 

one  hnmense  sheet  of  fire,  and  it  Jumna  cruised   about  during  the 

became  apparent  that  the  work  of  night  and  the  next  morning. 


JAN.] 


CHRONICLE. 


17 


—  Tbb  Caffbi  Wael — A  pri- 
Tm(e  letter  from  an  oflScer  of  the 
Boyml  Artilleiy,  dated  Fort  Hare, 
November  18,  1847,  gives  tn  ac- 
count of  the  Ion  of  five  officers,  in 
the  miBerable  warfare  now  waging 
with  the  Caffi-es.  After  recennting 
several  skirmishes  with  the  enemr, 
•ad  the  capture  of  soqifl  thousands 
of  cattle,  the  writer  proceeds ; — 

"  Not  having  seen  anything  of 
the  Caffres  for  a  week,  we  suspected 
the;  had  retired  up  the  country, 
and  taken  alt  the  cattle,  &c.  But 
not  a  bit  of  it,  they  were  close  to 
tis  all  the  time.  On  the  night  of 
the  14th  a  sentry  placed  over  the 
horses  at  grass  was  murdered,  and 
seven  horses  stolen,  my  only  re- 
maining one  amongst  the  number, 
■11  of  them  being  officers'  horses. 
We  were  on  the  spoor,  or  track,  of 
them  the  next  day ;  bot,  after  five 
hours'  tracking,  we  lost  it  in  the 
high  grass.  Coming  back,  hot  as 
furnaces  and  smothered  with  sand, 
the  73rd  fellows  proposed  a  bathe 
in  the  Kei ;  and  this  is  the  most 
marvellous  escape  I  ever  had.  The 
fellows  had  been  laughing  about 
people  not  being  able  to  swim ;  so 
I  made  an  excuse  for  not  going 
with  them  to  the  Kei,  it  being  out 
of  my  depth.  Thoee  who  went 
were  Captain  Baker,  Lieutenant 
Faunt.  Ensign  Bumop.  and  Dr. 
Campbell,  of  the  78rd.  and  Dr. 
Loch,  of  the  7th  Dragoon  Ouards. 
I  went  to  bathe  in  a  little  stream 
close  to  our  camp;  and  when  I 
oome  back  to  uia  camp,  after 
talking  to  the  officers  a  short 
time,  w8  thought  it  time  the  other 
officers  should  have  returned.  We 
went  down  to  see  whether  any  oo- 
<ndent  bad  happened,  and,  as  a 
precantiou,  took  a  guard  of  the 
Cape  Corps.  On  proceeding  to  the 
banks  of  the  Kei,  we  found  the 
whole  of  them  with  their  throats 
Vol.  XC. 


cnt,  and  mutilated  in  the  most 
dreadful  manner.  You  may  ima- 
gine our  horror  at  finding  five  men, 
who  had  been  living  with  ns  day 
and  night,  and  whom  I  had  not 
left  two  hoots,  thus  suddenly 
pounced  upon  by  these  Infemd 
rascals  and  brutally  killed.  The 
Kei  was  not  three-qnortera  of  a 
mile  from  our  camp,  but  soma 
bash  permitted  the  approach  of 
the  Cafires  without  being  seen. 
If  I  had  been  a  swimmer,  I  should 
certainly  have  been  one  of  the 
number,  although  I  should  not  at 
the  time  have  cared  much  about  it, 
being  so  disgusted  at  the  loss  of 
both  my  horses,  Ac.;  but  such  is 
the  fortune  of  war." 

—  CONSKORATIONOFTHE  BiBHOP 

OF  Manob  ESTER.— The  consecra- 
tion of  Dr.  Lee,  as  Bishop  of  Man- 
chester, by  the  Archbishop  of  York, 
took  place  in  the  Chapel  Boyal, 
Whitehall.     At  eleven   o'clock  a 

Srooession  of  mace-bearers  and 
iocesan  officers,  preceding  the 
Bishop-elect  of  Manchester,  the 
Bishops  of  Chester  and  Worcester, 
and  the  Archbishop  of  York,  en- 
tered the  Chapel,  The  Archbishop 
took  his  seat  on  the  right  of  the 
communion  table,  and  the  other 
prelates  to  the  left.  Morning 
prayer  conclnded,  the  Archbishop 
commenced  the  Communion  ser- 
vice ;  the  Bishop  of  Worcester 
read  the  Epistle,  and  the  Bishop 
of  Chester  the  Qoepel.  The  ser- 
mon was  preached  by  the  Reverend 
Jofan  Garbett,  RunJ  Dean  of  Bir- 
mingham and  Honorary  Canon  of 
Worcester.  At  the  coocluiion  of 
the  sermon,  the  new  bishop,  vested 
with  his  rochet,  was  presented  to 
the  Archbishop  by  the  Bishops  of 
Chester  and  Worcester ;  and,  the 
Queen's  letters  patent  having  been 
read  with  the  usual  formalities.  Dr. 
Lee  took  the  oath  of  allegisnee  and 


18              ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

suprenuu?,  and  also  tiie  oath  "pro-  with  hie  horse  wounded  und^bim; 

fessiug  and  promiaing  all  due  re-  twice  sunounded  and  seized,  be 

Terence  and  obedience  to  the  Arch-  released  himself  b;  his  extraor- 

hiahop."    The  consecration  then  dinarj  agility,  and  gained  a  vic- 

proceeded  according  to  the  form  in  tory  by  Iwrd  fitting  in  the  midst 

the  Prayer-book.  of  a  Tictorious  retreat 

—  ^i>-RL-Kader.— A  private  At  last,  abandoning  hia  deira, 
letter  from  Tonlon  recounts  some  which  inclosed  all  lus  affections, 
interesting  facts  respecting  Abd-  to  our  generosity,  be  departed,  in 
el-Kader.  "  T  have  seen  the  Emir,  order  to  regain  the  SouUt.  After 
It  is  quite  a  mistake  that  his  eyes  two  nights'  march,  though  certain 
are  black ;  they  are  of  a  decided  of  saving  himself,  his  heart  soft- 
grey,  shaded  by  very  long  black  ened  at  the  idea  of  his  isolatioD, 
eyelashes.  HespeaksverySueutly;  and,  preferring  captivity  witli  his 
which  is  a  proof  of  high  disljnc-  friends,  he  returned  to  treat  with 

Hon  among  toe  Arabs.     Whatever     as The    Emir    is    still 

may  be  the  repntatioti  of  Abd-el-  confined  in  his  sad  prison.  Ha 
Kader  as  a  Boldter.  politician,  or  reads  the  Koran  to  his  faithful 
Mahometan  priest,  it  is  much  followers.  During  the  prayers, 
greater  aa  a  literary  man.  He  is  they  open  the  windows,  and  make 
said  to  be  as  learned  aa  an  Arab  a  large  fire  in  the  middle  of  the 
can  be.  Two  leather  trunks,  con-  room.  His  mother  cries,  his  wives 
taining  his  library,  have  always  sob,  and  he  is  almost  broken- 
accompanied  him,  even  during  the  hearted.  It  is  said,  the  only  thing 
last  months  that  preceded  his  sub-  which  consoles  him  is  that  the  un- 
mission ;  they  ako  made  part  of  &ithfiiless  of  his  enemy  aggravates 
his  personal  baggage  on  board,  his  misfortune." 
But  every  one  is  ignorant  of  the  31.  GokiUEBCiALApFAiBs. — The 
real  cause  of  his  submission ;  which  aspect  of  commercial  ai&irs,  which 
was  love.  He  is  another  Antony,  at  the  close  of  the  year  had  exhi. 
After  having  endeavoured  with  bited  a  remarkable  alteration  for 
heroic  courage  to  make  a  pass^e  the  better,  assumed  a  yet  more 
through  the  Moorish  camp,  he  cheerful  appearance  as  the  year 
succeeded,  with  a  considerable  commenced,  an  improvement  pro- 
number  of  his  followers,  in  suffi-  bably  due  to  the  conviction  that 
ciently  disengaging  himself  to  be  the  crisis  had  passed  over.  Con- 
able  to  gain  Uie  desert ;  but  at  the  sols  continued  to  rise;  and  al- 
moment  he  was  about  to  profit  by  though  they  experienced  occasional 
the  liberty  this  last  coup  de  main  retrogressions,  steadily  advanced 
gave  him,  he  heard  the  firing  which  from  SCJ  to  68^,  and  reached  at 
had  reached  his  deira.  Then,  like  the  end  of  the  month  69^.  Kz- 
tfae  lion  of  the  desert  who  sees  his  chequer  Bills  experienced  even  a 
lioness  entrapped  and  his  cubs  disproporticined  rise  from  \it.  pre- 
carried  away,  oe  retraced  his  steps  mium  to  STi.,  S8i.,  and  lastly  to 
and  fell  upon  the  Moors  with  the  36*.  The  rate  of  money  for  mer* 
rest  of  his  faithful  followers,  whilst  contile  purposes  was  occasionally  as 
the  cries  of  his  wives,  whose  tents  low  aa  2  or  3  per  cent.,  and  was 
the  enemy  had  commenced  pil-  so  plentiful  at  that  price,  that  the 
laging,  exalted  his  courage.  Tvrice  Bank  Directors  were  compelled  to 
the  Emir  was  rolled  to  the  gionnd,  lower  their  rate  to  1  per  cent.  The 


FEB.]                     CHRONICLE.  19 

quantity  of  bullion  in  the  Bank  Phmtis,  from  Bahia  for  Greenock, 
cofiere  continually  increased  from  and  the  probable  lose  of  aU  hands, 
13,230,6262.  on  the  lat  Jan.,  off  the  Cove  of  Cork.  On  the 
to  13,176.813/.  on  the  asth  Jan.  evening  of  this  daj,  the  ill-fated 
The  ralue  of  railway  sharea  and  vessel  beat  out  of  the  Gove,  and 
other  speculative  investments  par-  was  left  by  the  pilot  about  8  o'clock 
ticipat«d  in  the  general  improve-  off  the  lighthouse.  At  that  time 
ment.  It  must  not,  however,  be  it  nas  blowing  a  strong  gale  from 
supposed  that  the  coudition  of  the  8.S.W.,  with  heavy  rain,  which 
general  trading  world  experienced  continued  unceasingly  till  the  fol- 
the  full  benefits  of  these  more  lowing  morning.  As  early  as  day- 
fsToantble  circumstances.  They  break  a  large  quantity  of  wrecked 
were,  on  the  contrary,  confined  to  materials  was  found  strewn  abont 
the  dealers  in  money  and  the  high-  the  rocks  outside  of  the  point,  op- 
eet  commercial  circles,  and  the  rise  posite  the  lighthouse.  On  one  of 
was,  in  fact,  in  some  degree  owing  the  boards  picked  up  was  the  name 
to  the  caotion  and  reserve  of  these  "  Phaaue,"  and  from  some  por- 
classes,  who,  sternly  refusing  to  tious  of  sugar,  her  cargo,  it  was 
enter  into  commercial  transactions,  feared  that  the  vessel,  which  had 
were  content  to  invest  their  capital  left  on  the  previous  evening,  had 
in  secure  (iindsatalowrate,  rather  met  with  some  disaster.  During 
than  make  a  free  use  of  them  the  whole  of  Friday  considerable 
among  the  secondary  classes  of  portions  of  the  wreck  continued  to 
traders,  and,  by  thus  competing  reach  the  shore,  bat,  from  the 
with  each  other  for  Government  boisterous  state  of  the  sea,  do  in- 
securities, they  greatly  raised  the  telligenca  could  be  gained  as  to 
value  of  these  funds.  The  distress  the  real  name  of  the  unfortunate 
among  the  trading  classes  was  very  oraft.  However,  on  Saturday,  the 
great.  The  fiulores  in  this  coun-  hull  of  the  vessel  was  reached, 
try  were  few,  and  not  of  great  and  all  doubts  as  to  identity  were 
amount,  but  many  commercial  then  dispelled.  A  part  of  the 
booses  on  the  Continent  were  un-  figuce-head,  a  phieniz,  painted 
able  to  stand  the  continued  pres-  green,  and  a  portion  of  the  stem 
sure,  and  several  very  heavy  fail-  of  a  boat,  with  "  Phcenix.  of 
ures  occurred,  which  were  severely  Greenock,"  painted  in  white  let- 
felt  here.  Among  these  maybe  terB,were  still  remaining.  When  the 
named  M,  Granier,  banker,  of  pilot  left  the  vessel,  she  had  only 
Montpellier,  whose  liabilities  were  to  make  a  few  tacks  to  clear  the 
nted  at  a  million  sterliug;  M.  lighthouse;  the  sea  was  then  roll- 
Maring  and  Co.,  of  Offenbach ;  ing  high,  and  an  apparent  con- 
MM.  Bsert  and  Heidelburgh,  of  tinuance  of  bad  weather  prevented 
Frankfort  Several  heavy  fiiilures  bim  going  any  further.  It  is  pre- 
of  houses  in  India  were  also  re-  sumed  that,  in  standing  to  the 
ported.  westward,  the  vessel  missed  stays, 

drifted,  and  was  driven   by  tha 

violence    of    the   sea   upon    the 

FEBRUARY.  rocks. 

3.  Melamcholt  Shifwbeck,—  4.   Morder  of  a  Soldier  ts 

Intelligence  was  received  at  Liver-  St.  James's  Park.— A  deliberate 

pool  of  the  total  vrreok  of  the  brig  murder,  accompanied  by  singulac 

C  3 


^2;;_5TER.  rig48 


^mt*'' 


FEB.]                    CHRONICLE.  21 

cratioD  made  of  some  of  the  Irish  people,  and  in  nowiae  mix  them- 

^nrclies  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  selves  up  vith  irorld]^  affiun,  in 

and  promoting  bocuIu  ooncems —  order  that  their  miniatiy  maj  not 

nay,  more,  tlie  reports  which  have  be    brought  into    disrepute,  and 

reached  us  relative  to  the  miirdera  those  nho  ore  against  them  may 

vbicb,  we  are  informed,  are  so  fre-  not    bsve    wherewith    to    charge 

qaent,  and  hj  reason  of  which  the  them. 

clet^  have  been  stigmatised,  and  "  I  praj  God  long  to  preserve 
some  of  them  charged  with  impru-  jour  lordship, 
deuce,  and  as  giving  indirect  pro-  "  Rome,  fi^nn  the  Congregatioa 
TocatioQ  from  the  pulpit,  or,  at  of  the  Faith.  Jan.  8,  1848. 
least,  extenuating  the  guilt  of  these  "  J.  Ph.  Oard.  F&ahsoni." 
murders — these  reports  must  sure-  9.  Joseph  Aby. — This  notorious 
\j  awaken  the  Bolioitude  of  the  Sa*  peraonage,  who  has  for  so  maaj 
cred  Congregation.  years  made  a  good  livelihood  bj 
"  This  Sacred  Congre^tion  can-  sending  circular  letters  pretending 
not  briog  itself  to  believe  that  to  aibrd  information  very  much  to 
such  reports,  so  extensively  noised  the  advantage  of  the  person  ad- 
abroad,  can  be  true ;  nor  can  it  be-  dressed,  provided  he  inclosed  to 
lieve  that  ecclesiastics  have  for-  him  (Ady)  a  sovereign,  has  at 
gotten  that  the  church  of  Ood  length  been  checkmated.  So  in- 
ahould  be  the  house  of  prayer,  not  genious  had  this  worthy  proved, 
of  secular  concerns  or  the  meeting-  that  be  contrived  to  evade  every 
place  of  politicians;  neither  can  attempt  to  pOnish  him,  and  al- 
the  Sacred  Congregation  believe  though  repeatedly  brought  before 
that  ecclesiastios  have  ceased  to  a  magistrate,  he  always  bore  him- 
recollect  that  tbej  are  the  minis-  self  with  the  cheerfulneoa  of  cos* 
tera  of  peace,  dispensers  of  the  scious  rectitude,  and  escaped  con- 
mysteries  of  God'-men  who  should  viction  by  the  most  ingenious  eva< 
not  involve  themselves  in  worldly  sions,  and  proceeded  in  his  course 
concerns— in  a  word,  men  who  of  jvactice,  to  which  no  ezposore 
should  abhor  blood  and  vengeance,  succeeded  in  opening  the  eyes  of 
Mererthelesa,  this  Sacred  Congre-  his  dupes.  Every  direct  attempt 
gatioD  deems  it  its  duty  to  require  at  suppres^on  failing,  he  was  at- 
Batiafactory  and  speedy  infonuation  tacked  in  an  indirect  nianner,  be- 
conceraing  all  these  matters,  that  ing  summoned  to  Bow  Street  Po- 
it  may  know  what  importance  it  Lce-offioe  for  16/.  lOf.  6d.,  the 
should  attach  to  the  above-men-  postage  of  letters  %vhich  had  been 
tioned  damnatory  reports.  Where-  sent  by  him,  and  refused ;  these 
fore,  at  the  suggestion  of  his  Holi-  missives  had  all  been  posted  since 
ness,  I  have  deemed  it  my  duty  he  last  appeared  before  the  magis- 
to  forward  this  letter  to  yoiur  Lord-  trate.  Joseph  did  not  speak  for 
ship,  praying  you  to  satisfy  this  himself  on  this  occasion,  but  in- 
most reasonable  solicitude  of  the  struotad  Mr.  Pelham,  the  counsel. 
Sacred  Congregation ;  and,  mean-  to  appeal  for  mercy,  and  to  pro- 
time,  it  exhorts  you  to  admonish  mise  that  his  aged  client,  having 
the  clergy,  that,  seeking  the  things  seen  the  error  of  his  ways,  would 
which  are  of  Jesus  Christ,  they  se-  forthwith  amend  them.  But  the 
dulously  apply  themselves  to  watch  ma^^strate,  Mr.  Henry,  was  obda- 
over  die  spiritual  intereets  of  the  rate ;  the  money  mutt  be  paid,  oi 


22               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

a  diatress-warraiit  for  tbe  amoiint  flying,  and  the  crews  were  load  in 

vouldbeiasned.  AdyJeftthepolice-  their  cheere.     The   spectacle   of 

office  much  chapfaJlen,  ancl  it  ia  nearly  two  hundred  btMts  gliding 

hoped  that  the  repetition  of  this  in  mid-Htream  in   a   Btately   line, 

plan    upon   eveiy  fresh   occasion  and  with  colours  flying,  vas  pic- 

vill  at  length  put  an  end  to  this  tnresqne  and  imposing;    an  uD' 

.  public  nuisance.  mense  crowd  of  spectators  thronged 

—  ExpLosioH  OF  Firedamp. —  the  shores  and  the  bridges.  The 
An  explosion  of  fire-damp  occurred  procession  reached  Westminster 
in  a  coal-mine  near  Westbromwich  Bridge  at  two  o'clock,  and,  disem- 
irhich  proved  very  fatal.  Nearlythir-  barking,  marched  in  ranks  of  four 
t;  men  descended  in  the  morning  to  abreast  to  Trafalgar  Square,  the 
work ;  the  explosion  occurred  soon  whole  body  headed  by  a  band  of 
after ;  six  or  seven  of  the  colliers  music.  The  procession  turned  in 
escaped  into  another  pit,  but  the  Tra&lgar  Square,  and  marched 
remainder  suffered  frightfully.  As  back  to  the  water,  halting  at  cer- 
soon  as  it  was  practicable  to  de-  tain  official  points  to  cheer  for  the 
ecend  the  shaft,  it  was  found  that  Duke  of  Wellington,  the  Navy, 
four  men  were  dead ;  two  more  and  the  Queen.  A  deputation 
died  next  day;  and  others  were  filed  off  to  present  the  memorial 
not  expected  to  recover.  at  the  Home  Office.     Sir  tieoi^ 

—  Fboteotionist  Dehokstiu-  Grey  promised  to  lay  the  docu- 
noH. — A  demonstration  in  favour  ment  before  the  Queen. 

of  protection  to  the  shipping  iate-  10.  The  Cricket  Stsaiieb. — 

rest,  by  nearly  three  thousand  per-  An  account  of  the  fatal  explosion 

sons,  masters,  mates,  and  seamen  which  occurred  in  this  vessel  on 

of  the  mercantile  marine,  ascended  the  27th  of  August  last,  will  be 

the  river  Thames  in  a  procession  found  in  the  "  Chrohicle,"  p.  113. 

of  boats  from  various  stations  be-  An  action  had  been  broi^t  by 

low    London    Bridge,   landed   at  one  of  the  sufferers,  to  recover 

Whitehall,   and  presented  to  Sir  compensation  for  damages  suffered 

George  Orey  a  petition  for  the  from  the  explosion  t  the  damages 

Qaeen,  against  the  repeal  of  the  were  taidat  6001.  Judgment  having 

Navigation-laws.      The  procession  been  allowed  to  go  by  default,  a 

was  collected  in  three  divisions,  at  writ  of  inquiry  was  now  executed 

North  Fleet  Hope.  Long  Reach,  in  the  Sheriff's  Court  for  the  os- 

and  Limehouse.     The  first  was  sessment  of  damages. 

{irevented    by   unfavourable    wind  Mr.    Edwin   James,  in   stating 

rom  ascending  beyond  Woolwich ;  the  case  to  the  jury,  described  the 

those  that  proceeded  made  a  good  plaintiff,  one  Redgrave  (a  boy  of 

show ;  altogether,  there  were  193  13),  as  having  been  most  seriously 

boats,    each  with   ita   union   flag,  injured  by  the  explosion  in  ques- 

manned  by  about  1160  men,  and  tion,  which  had  been  occasioned 

drawn    by  three    steamers,    con-  by  the  gross  negligence  of   the 

taining  from  1000  to  IQOO  mas-  defendant,   Mr.   Octavius    Henry 

ters,    mates,    and    petty  officers.  Smith,  who  was  a  gentleman   of 

As  the  procession  moved  up  the  fortune  living  in  Bedford  Square, 

Thames,  guns  were   fired  on  the  and  owner  of  the  steam-boat.    The 

shore  and  aboard  many  ships ;  the  boy  vras  with  his  father  and  mo- 

■hips  generally  had  their  colours  ther  on  board  the  vessel  on  the 


FEB.]                    CHRONICLE.  23 

STth  of  Angost,  when  the  eipio-  — A  desperate  conflict  with  two 

BJOQ  took  place,  and  he  should  bighwavmen  took  place  near  Uac- 

ahow,  by  the  highest  medical  teed-  cleafield,  which  resulted  very  &- 

monj,  that  from  the  iDJnries  re-  tally  ta  two  men  who  ondertook 

oeived  he  would   probably  be  a  the  pursuit      The   two  robbers, 

cripple  for  life.     It  was  by  a  won-  Walmsley  and    Bates,  stopped  a 

denul  interpositdon  of  Providence  tradesman,  praaented  each  a  pis; 

that  all  on  board  the  vessel  bad  tol  at  him,  and    demanded    nis 

not  been  killed.    The  plaintiff  was  money;     they    snatched     at    his 

the  £on  of  a  tailor,  and  he  should  watch,   but,  missing  it,   they  be- 

show  that  he  was  still  suffering  came   exasperatod,  knocked   him 

from  the  accident,  and  it  would  down,  threw  him  into  a  ditch,  and 

therefore  be  the  duty  of  the  jury  mode  off.     An  alarm  was  raised, 

to  award  such  substantial  damages  the    ruffians   were    pursued,   and 

as  would  compensate  him  for  the  hunted  into  a  wood.     There  they 

injuries  soatained.  made  a  stand,  declaring  that  they 

Evidence  was  then  given  to  the  would    shoot    any  one    that    ap- 

same  effect  as  that  given  at  the  proached  to  seize  them.     Thepeo- 

time  of  the  accident,  showing  the  pie  advanced;   the  robbers  nred 

incredible  carelessness  and  reck-  two  pistols;  two  brothers  named 

lessnoBS  of  the  parties  in  charge.  Wyatt  were  struck  down  by  the 

Mr.  Bramwell,  for  the  defend-  bullets,   and    one,    William,   was 

ant,  objectod  to  this  evidence.  wounded  so  badly  that  he  died  a 

The  learned  Under-Sheriff  told  few  days  after.    The  highwaymen 

the  jury  that  the  plaintiff  waa  en-  were    eventually    captured.      On 

tiUed  to  damages  for  the   iiyuiy  them  were  found  two  more  pistole, 

he  had  received.    It  was  a  ques-  with  a  store  of  powder  and  bullets, 

tion  of  damages,  and  as  to  the  ad-  An  inquest  was  held  on  William 

missibility  of  the  evidence  he  had  Wyatt,  and  a  verdict  of  "'Wilful 

pennitted,  he  could  only  say  that  murder  "  returned  against  Walms- 

it  was,  in  his  opinion,  essential  ley  and  Bates.    They  were  both 

that  the  degree  of  negligence  on  found  guilty  at  the  next  Chester 

the  part  of  the  defendant  should  Assizes,      Bates,  who   fired   the 

be  ascertained  in  order  to  estimate  fatal  shot,  was  executed ;  WaJms- 

the  amount  of  compensation  to  be  ley,  whose  shot  was  sot  equally 

awarded.     That  evidence  had  not  deadly,  iraa  reprieved, 

been  admitted  to  terrify  proprie-  13.  Will  Forgeries. — ^At  the 

tors  of  steam-boats,  nor  to  punish  Mansion  House.  Lieutenant  Pere- 

the  defendant.    They  were  not  as-  grine  Bowen,  RN.,  who  has  charge 

sembled  to  give  vindictive  dami^s,  of  the   mails  between  Liverpool 

but  they  were  empanelled  to  give  and  Dublin,  was  accused  of  forging 

such  ^r  and  reasonable  damages  a  will.     Lientenant  William  Mus- 

as  would  compensate  the  plaintiff;  grove  Bowen,  K.N.,  brother  of  the 

and  in  so  doing  they  would  take  prisoner,  died  in  China,  in  March, 

into  their  consideration  the  degree  1846  ;  before  leaving  England,  he 

of  negligence  on  the  part  of  the  made  a  will,  apparently  in  favour 

defendant.  of  a  Mr.  Richards ;  and,  when  the 

The  jury  assessed  the  damages  tidings  of  his  death  arrived,  this 

at  S002.  will  was  proved  by  the  executor, 

11.  MvRDBE  BS  HioawATMEN.  Ricbards.    After  a  time  another 


24                ANNUAL   REGISTER  [1848 

will  wu  prDdDoad  tt  th«  Prero-  after  their  death.  On  the  deaHi 
gadve  OfBoe,  purporting  to  bo  of  Mr.  Hutohinson,  the  nieces  and 
made  1^  the  deceased  in  China,  their  husbands,  in  concert,  homed 
on  the  10th  of  March,  1846,  and  the  deed,  mth  the  olgect  of  de- 
leaving all  the  testator's  proper^  featJng  the  interests  of  the  chil- 
to  his  brother  Peregrine.  The  dren ;  and  they  informed  the  tnis- 
will  appeared  to  be  attested  bj  tees  nnder  the  deed  of  the  scL 
"John  Bell  "  and  "  John  Wood."  The  accused,  who  bad  been  out  on 
A  person  calling  himself  John  bail,  pleaded  "guilty"  at  thetrial. 
Wood  attended  at  Doctors'  Com-  alleged  ignorance  of  vrong  in  what 
noDB  to  prove  the  will,  on  the  2nd  thej  had  done,  and  gave  proofs  of 
instant ;  and  he  made  affidavit  ac-  their  moralitj  and  respectability  of 
cordiugly.  The  witneaa  was  dressed  character.  The  Court  aentmced 
like  a  sailor,  chewed  tobacco,  and  the  whole  ax  to  imprisonment  for 
had  a  great  deal  of  hair  on  his  four  months, 
face — morethaiiLientenantBowen  14.  The  Suvb  Tbaob — Burtm 
when  he  appeared  at  the  Mansion-  v.  Detanan. — This  case,  which 
house.  But  suspicion  having  been  arose  out  of  our  abortive  altempte 
excited,  a  police  officer  followed  to  destroy  the  Slave  Trade  on  the 
him,  and  went  in  his  company  to  coast  of  A&ioa,  was  brought  by 
Liverpool,  where  he  found  the  Mr.  Bnron,  a  Spanish  merchant 
sailor  John  Wood  was  Lieutenant  and  dealer  in  slaves,  against  the 
Peregrine  Bowen.  Other  witnesses  Hon.  Oaptain  Denman,  commander 
gave  evidence  implicating  the  ac-  of  a  division  of  ships  of  war  em- 
cused.  When  he  was  arrested,  a  f^7^  i°  cruising  on  that  coast, 
piece  of  p^ier  was  found  on  him  The  Crown  being  the  real  defend- 
opon  which  some  one  bad  been  ant,  the  case  was  tried  at  bar,  be- 
writing  repeatedly  "  John  Wood,"  fore  a  full  bench  of  four  judges 
as  if  to  acquire  a  facility  in  making  — Barons  Parke,  Alderson,  B«^e, 
the  signature.     He  was  remanded  and  Piatt. 

until  Wednesday,  baton  the  gaoler  The  plaintiff's  case  waa  in  effect 

entering  his  cell,  in  the  Oiltspur  this.     M.  John  Thomas  Boron  is 

Street  Compter,  he  found  that  his  a  Spanish  merchant  at  the  Gal- 

C'  oner  had  committed  suicide  by  linas,  a  port  and  the  chief  town  in 
ging  himself.  a  small  African  monarchy  under 
—  In  the  Perth  Conrt  of  Jus-  one  King  Siacca,  about  150  miles 
ticiary,  sis  persons  of  respectable  from  Sierra  Leone.  M.  Buron 
station  in  life  have  been  tried  for  has  a  large  establishment  of  me^ 
destroying  a  testamenUry  deed,  chandise- warehouses  situated  on 
Four  sisters — two  of  them  single,  the  main  land  and  on  a  number  of 
named  DufTus,  of  Ericbtbank,  the  islands  close  to  (rallinas.  In  an- 
other two  married  to  Rattray  of  tumn.  1840,  there  was  a  great 
Coralbank  and  Pringle  of  Gray-  collection  of  goods  of  every  de- 
mount—had life  interests  under  a  acription  in  these  stores,  worth  ia 
deed  of  trust  disposition  and  settle-  the  whole  between  400,000  and 
ment  executed  by  their  uncle,  Wil-  600,000  dollars.  M.  Boron  had 
liam  Hutchinson,  writer  in  Forfar,  at  the  same  time  about  300  slaves, 
in  property  worth  lOOQl.  a  year,  worth  about  lOl.  each:  in  fact,  he 
The  children  of  the  sisters  were  was  engaged  in  the  slave-trade 
named  to  succeed  theur  mothers  with  Havanna;   that  trade  being 


FEB.] 


CHRONICLE. 


26 


s  perfectly  lawful   trade  in  the 
dominions  of  King   Siacca.      M. 
Buron's   trade  ia  goods  was  very 
lairge.       A  cargo  ol  goods  arrived 
for   him  in  June,   1840,   bj  the 
Cratvford,   from   Uavanna,  worth 
113,000  dollars;  and  in  the  same 
year  the  Alexander  left  the  Gal- 
linas  with  a  cargo  of  natural  pro- 
duce, including  16(J  tuns  of  palm, 
oil.       On    the    19th    November, 
1840.    Captain  Denman  landed  a 
body  of  100  seamen  and  60  Eroo- 
men ;    took  posseesioa  of  all  the 
warehouses,  and  afterwards  biu-nt 
them   down,   with  all  the  goods 
they  contained ;  he  also  marched  hia 
men  on  the  barracoona,  threw  them 
open,  took  from  them  and  placed 
on  his  own  ships  300  slaves,  and 
afterwards    destroyed    the    barra- 
ooona    by    the    fire    of    military 
rockets.     He  spiked  several  can- 
nons, and  destroyed  other  muni- 
tions of  defence,  including  many 
hundred    barrels    of    gunpowder, 
which  had  been  brought  for  trade, 
or  for  defence  of  M.  Buron's  pro- 
perty in  the  event  of  native  wars, 
whii^  are  frequent  in  those  parts. 
M.  Buron's  whole  property  was 
destroyed  or  taken  from  him,  and 
his   trade  ruined.     The  present 
action,  however,  was  brought  for 
no  more  than  180,000  dollars  of 
damages,   as   the  courts    of    this 
country  are  not  by  the  comity  of 
nations  available   to   the  pltuntiff 
for  the  restoration  of  his  houses 
or  buildings  and  other  property  of 
an  immovable  nature. 

The  defendant  alleged  that  he 
acted  under  the  directions  of  his 
Government,  and  was  further  au- 
thorized by  King  Siacca,  under 
a  treaty  with  him.  He  also  al- 
leged that  the  actual  burning  and 
destruction  of  the  goods  was  not 
done  by  himself  or  his  men,  but 
by  Bting  Siacca  and  his  people. 


He  admitted  the  taking  avray  900 
slaves,  among  them  some  90  of 
the  plaintiff's.  The  defendant's 
version  of  that  part  of  the  case 
VFBS  this.  In  the  year  1840,  Cap- 
tain Denman  was  the  eenior  com- 
mander of  that  portion  of  the 
British  Navy  employed  off  the 
Oallinas  and  Sierra  Leone  in  the 
prevention  of  the  slave-trade.  On 
the  SOth  October,  1840,  he  re- 
ceived directions  from  Sir  fiicbard 
Doherty,  the  Governor  of  Sierra 
Leone,  to  procure  the  release  of  a 
woman  named  Try  Korman,  a 
British  subject,  who  had  been  de- 
tained as  a  slave  by  Manna,  the 
son  of  King  Siacca :  Manna  had 
detained  Norman  to  secure  by  her 
ransom  a  debt  owed  him  by  the 
woman's  mistress,  who  resided  at 
Sierra  Leone.  Captain  Denman 
was  glad  to  make  the  instructions 
given  him  an  opportonity  of  laying 
personally  before  King  Siacca  some 
complaints  respecting  the  conduct 
of  the  Spanish  slave-traders  in 
Oallinas  to  the  sailors  of  a  ship  of 
Captain  Denman's  when  in  dis- 
tress. He  accordingly  landed  the 
force  which  has  been  mentioned, 
and  put  himself  in  communication 
with  the  king ;  taking  possession, 
it  is  true,  of  the  property  of  M. 
Buron,  but  placing  sentinels  over 
it  for  protection.  The  king  being 
bedridden,  he  was  represented  at 
the  interviews  by  bis  son  Manna 
and  "  the  &mily  of  the  Rogers," 
who  are  aristocrats  of  power  in 
Gallinas.  A  treaty  was  formed, 
under  which  King  Siacca  eng^ed 
to  destroy  forthwith  all  the  me- 
tones  of  the  white  slave-dealers, 
and  give  up  all  the  slaves  in  the 
barracoons  at  the  time  of  Captain 
Denman's  landing,  but  who  had 
been  carried  off  into  the  bush.  The 
treaty  had  a  memorandum  at  fiwt, 
Btalmg  that  Captain  Denman  had 


26 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


at  first  required  all  the  goods  in 
the  stores  of  the  slave-traders  to 
be  destroyed ;  but  that  King  Siacca 
having  declared  that  those  persons 
had  acted  in  defiance  of  the  laws, 
and  thereby  forfeited  all  their 
goods,  Captain  Denman  had  with- 
drawn  that  demand,  on  condition 
that  the  king  removed  them  to 
some  place  far  from  the  coast. 
Try  Norman  was  to  be  liberated, 
with  some  other  British  subjects 
found  in  captivity;  and  io  return 
for  being  rid  of  the  Spanish 
usurpers,  the  people  of  Gallinas 
were  to  assist  the  English  ships, 
and  trade  with  English  merchants. 
This  treaty  vras  immediately  and 
faithfully  acted  on.  The  king 
caused  the  goods  to  be  removed 
from  all  the  stores,  the  slaves  to 
be  recovered  from  the  bush,  and 
the  barracoons  to  be  destroyed  by 
fire,  with  the  slave-trading  esta- 
blishmeuta  of  the  Spaniards.  Cap- 
tain Denman  then  departed  with 
the  slaves  he  had  liberated,  and 
landed  them,  free  men,  at  Sierra 
I^one.  The  whole  of  these  ex- 
ploits and  services  have  been 
acknowledged  and  rewarded  by 
Her  Mtgestv's  Mimsters  since 
they  occurred. 

The  chief  point  of  the  cause 
seems  to  have  been  the  question, 
whether  the  ratification  of  the  acts 
of  Captain  Denman,  which  was 
fully  proved  to  have  since  been 
given  by  the  Queen  through  her 
Ministers,  was  equivalent  to  an 
order  given  before  the  acts  were 
done?  —  whether,  in  fact,  the 
maxim  of  commercial  jurispru- 
dence, "  Omnit  ratihabitio  retro- 
trahitur,  tt  m<mdato  priori  agui- 
paratur,"  which  was  well  known  to 
apply  in  cases  between  individuals, 
was  applicable  also  between  so- 
vereign and  servant.  Mr.  Baron 
Parke  vras  not  himeelf  free  from 


doubt  on  this  point — not  enough 
to  allow  him  to  dissent  from  Urn 
other  members  of  the  Court ;  who 
were  of  opinion  that  the  ratificfi' 
tiou  here  vat  equivalent  to  a  prior 
command.  The  special  jury  gave 
a  verdict  substantially  for  the  de- 
fendant. Captain  Denman.  The 
trial  occupied  the  court  three 
days. 

30.  Attehptbii  MnRDBRs. — A 
resolute  attempt  to  commit  a 
double  murder  was  made  in  Dud- 
ley Street,  St.  Giles's.  James 
Parker,  a  young  man,  an  idle 
tailor  who  earned  money  by  danc- 
ing at  concert-rooms,  had  been 
living  for  some  time  vrith  a  girl 
named  Burgess ;  but  they  had  re- 
cently parted,  and  Burgess  was 
staying  with  her  mother.  Parker 
called  on  them  during  Sunday 
morning;  a  quarrel  arose,  and  he 
left  the  house.  He  asked  a  shoe- 
maker living  next  door  to  lend 
him  a  knife,  as  he  wanted  to  cut 
off  the  sole  of  a  dancing-pump 
which  was  loose;  he  complainea 
that  the  knife  was  rather  blunt  in 
the  point,  and  the  shoemaker 
sharpened  it  for  him.  Armed 
with  this,  he  returned  to  Bur- 
gess's, and  ferociously  assailed  both 
mother  and  daughter,  inflicting 
many  wounds.  Fermns  went  to 
the  assistance  of  the  women,  and 
Parker  hurried  from  the  house; 
but  he  was  captured  by  a  neigh- 
bour. The  women  were  taken  to 
Charing  Cross  Hospital.  The 
mother  was  not  seriously  hurt 
The  daughter  ^vas  far  advanced  in 
pregnancy,  but  recovered. 

21.  Funeral  of  the  Arch- 
StSHOF  OF  Cantbrbdry. — At  half- 
past  ten  o'clock  this  morning  the 
head  of  the  procession  issued 
through  the  portal  of  Lambeth 
Palace.  The  children  belonging  to 
the  charitable  school  foundatbns 


/EB.]                     CHRONICLE.  27 

of  the  parish  were  arranged  in  one  Ward,  clergymen  acting  in  that 
line  skirting  the  outer  nail  of  the  district,  as  well  as  b;  the  church' 
cfaurchjard.     The  6  rst  part  of  the  wardens  and  other  parochial   au- 
processioD  consiated  of  four  rautes  thorities.      At    three   o'clock   the 
on  horseback— their  horses  being  cortege   .reached    the    village    of 
snitably    caparisoned;    next    fol-  Addington,  in  which  stands   the 
lowed  the  lieadles  of  the  parish  of  little   parish   church,   in   a  vault 
Xiiimbetfa,  the  parish  clerk,  sexton,  beneath  which  were  deposited  the 
vestry    clerk,   and    four   church-  mortal   remains  of  the  deceased 
wardens;  then  came  14  clergymen  primate.      The  service  appointed 
of  the  parish  of  Lambeth,  attired  for   such  occasions   was  read    bj 
in  their  gowns,  bands,  &c.,  walking  Archdeacon    Harrison    and    Dr. 
two  and  two.     The  nest  portion  of  Mill.     The  church  was  hung  with 
the  procession  consisted  of  a  man  black,  and  a  lat^e  proportion  of 
on  horseback,  bearing  a  plome  of  the    people    who    attended    from 
black    feathers;    and   to   this  the  Croydon  and  the  surrounding  die- 
bearse  (on  which  were  the  proper  trict   were   attired    in    mourning, 
escutcheons)      immediately      sue-  The  pall-bearers   were  the  Hon. 
ceeded,  drawn  by  six  black  horses,  and    Rev.  Leslie  Courtenay,  pri- 
ctroarisoned     with     velvet     and  vate  chaplain  to  the  Queen,  the 
adorned  with  feathers;  then  came  Rev.   Sir  Charles  Famaby,  vicar 
five  mourning  coaches,  each  drawn  of  West  Wycomb;    the   Rev.  T. 
hy  four  black  horees,  fully  capari-  G.  Hodgson,  rector  of  Croydon; 
aoned.      The  first  of    these   car-  the  Rev.  F.   B.  Welle,  rector  of 
rtages  contained  the  two  aons-in-  Woodchurch;   the  Very  Rev.  the 
law   and   two    grandsons    of    the  Dean   of  Canterbury;    the  Hon. 
deceased  archbishop.     The  family  and    Rev.    Douglas   Gordon;    the 
coach    belonging    to    hie    Grace,  Rev.  W.    Farrer,   rector  of    Ad- 
drawn  by  four  horses,  immediately  dington;    and   the   Rev.  William 
followed    the    mourning  coaches,  Streatfield.      On     the     ceremony 
and  next  to  that  the  chariot  which  being  concluded,  the  crowd,  which 
be  himself  ordinarily  used.    The  assembled  outside  the  church,  and 
bell  of    the  church  of   St.  Mary,  who  could  not  gain  access  till  after 
Lambeth,  had  been  tolling  from  the  solemn  service  was  over,  were 
an  early  hour  in  the  morning,  and  then  freely  admitted  to  view  the 
notwithstanding  the  heavy  rain  the  coffin    and    the    vault.     In  con- 
crowd  did  not  seek  shelter,  but  formity  with   the   desire   of   the 
almost  lined  the  streets  from  the  deceased  prelate,  the  remains  of 
palace  to  Kennington.     The  pro-  two   of    his    children,  buried    in 
cession  reached  Croydon  about  one  London,    were    on    Friday    last 
o'clock,    where    the    inhabitants,  transferred,  as  were  likewise  the 
closing  their  houses,  came  forth  in  remains  of  a  third  from  Fulh&m, 
great  numbers  to  evince  their  sen-  to  the  vault  at  Addington,  there 
timents  of  veneration  for  one  who  to  mingle  with  him  in  the  decay 
had  always  been  to  them  a  liberal  from    which    no    created    being 
patron.     At  Croydon  the  proces-  escapes. 

sion  was  joined  by  the  Rev.  Mr,  —  The  Re voLunouiN  France. 

Hodgson,  vicar  of  that  parish,  the  — The  history  of  the  third  revo- 

Rev.  Mr.  Harding,  of   Norwood,  lution   in    France   vrill    be  found 

the  Rev.  Messrs.  Cole,  Barr,  and  narrated  in  the  department  of  the 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


"  AsHOAL  Rboistek  "  (^propnBt«d 
to  the  record  of  natioiu]  events. 
A  few  incidental  occuirenceB  mAj 
b«  commemorated  in  this  "  Chbo- 
xioLK."  The  London  journals  of 
this  date  contained,  under  the  head 
of  Foreign  News,  calm  specula- 
tions as  to  the  reception  of  the 
Reform  Banquet,  which  attracted 
little  notice,  the  more  particularlj 
Bince  no  accompanying  eveota 
seemed  to  betoken  the  probability 
of  anything  further  anaing  than 
a  squabble  with  the  police  sent  to 
forbid  it  The  Tmim  of  the  a2nd 
(Tuesday)  merely  said  "  that  the 
feeling  of  security  so  general  on 
Sunday  had  given  way  yesterday ; 
but  thAt,  nevertheless,  all  would, 
it  was  expected,  piss  off  quietly," 
and  some  details  are  then  added 
of  the  precautions  taken  by  the 
Government  to  prevent  the  as- 
sembly at  the  banquet  Side  by 
side  with  this  announcement  (so 
npidly  were  events  hurried  on) 
was  a  despatch,  by  the  electric 
telegraph,  from  Dover,  anDouncing 
the  convulsion  which  was  destined 
to  change  the  face  of  Europe ;  it 
was  then  expected  that  tumults 
would  arise,  but  that  the  garrison 
of  Paris  had  been  increased  to 
80,000  men ;  that  military  posses- 
sion would  be  taken  of  ^1  points 
in  the  capital,  and  that  hopes  were 
therefore  entertained  that  all  would 
remain  tranquil  for  the  present. 
The  French  funds  opened  at 
1st.  65c.,  and  rose  to  73f.  dSc; 
on  Tuesday  they  were  at  73f.  90c 
The  newspapers  of  the  Mih  an- 
nounced the  commencement  of 
the  stniggl^  but  appirently  with 
little  anticipation  of  any  formi- 
dable insurrection;  the  funds  ac- 
tually rose — "  a  sure  proof  that  the 
^iMuM  is  there  (on  the  Bourse) 
expected  to  subside  or  be  sup- 
pressed  without  any   very  grave 


incident."  The  electric  tel^reph 
of  the  same  day  announced  tbiat 
the  National  Ouards  had  aided 
with  the  people;  the  ibth  an* 
nounoed  that  the  fi^^tiog  vmu 
general ;  and  the  26th  the  abdica- 
tion of  Louia  Philippe  and  the 
overthrow  of  the  Orleans  dynasty! 
The  Bourse  was  closed,  but  the 
price  of  the  3  per  cents,  was 
BtAted  to  be  73f.  Sac.  The  im- 
mediate effect  upon  the  English 
Funds  was  more  considerable  than 
on  the  French  Stocks.  Consols 
opened  on  Wednesday  at  89 ;  on 
the  arrival  of  the  French  news 
they  fell  to  88ft:  on  Thursday 
they  had  fallen  to  88|,  but  on  Fri- 
day, when  the  abdication  of  Xiouis 
Philippe  was  announced,  they  re- 
ceded to  86^.  The  news  received 
during  Sunday  produced  a  fright- 
ful effect  Consols  opened  on  Mon- 
day at  61|  to  8ti,  and  fell  to  70], 
which  was  the  lowest  quotation ; 
they  then  rose  to  about  83^  to  83, 
and  fluctnated  about  those  prices. 

82.  Bn»N  V.  LiND  —  Court  of 
Qaem't  Bench.  —  This  was  an 
action  brought  by  Ur.  Alfred 
Buun  against  Uadlle.  Jenny  Lind, 
for  breach  of  her  engagement  to 
sing  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre. 

The  plaintiff's  case  was  sub- 
stantially as  follows.  Uadlle. 
Lind  had  become  celebrated 
throughout  Europe;  in  1844,  in 
the  middle  of  a  London  season, 
Mr.  Buna  started  to  Berlin,  pro- 
cured an  introduction  to  her  from 
Lord  Westmoreland,  the  English 
Ambassador,  tmd  M.  Meyerbeer, 
the  composer,  and  effected  an 
agreement  MadUe.  Lind  was  to 
sing  twenty  times  at  Drury 
Lane  in  the  year  1845,  at  her 
choice  of  the  seasons,  between  the 
leth  of  June  and  Slst  of  July,  or 
the  30th  of  September  and  the 
15th  of  November.     The  terms 


FEB.] 


CHRONICLE. 


were  (o  be  fifty  louis-d'orB  for  each 
singing,  and  half  the  net  pro- 
ceeds of  a  benefit;  the  payment 
to  be  made  within  24  hours  after 
each  representation.  Madlla.Lind 
1TOS  to  appear  first  aa  Vielka  in 
Meyerbeer's  "Camp  of  Silesia;" 
afterwards,  if  Mr.  Bunn  insisted, 
as  Amina.  in  the  "  Sonnambula." 
L,eave  was  reserred  to  Madlle. 
Xjnd  to  alter  any  of  the 
terms  except  tliose  relating  to 
period  and  payment.  This  re- 
served power  she  never  in  any 
way  exercised.  On  the  SSnd  of 
February,  Madlle.  Lind  wrote 
to  Mr.  fiunn,  that  her  efforts 
to  learn  English  were  fruit- 
less; and  that,  aa  she  could  not 
fulfil  this,  the  principal  condition, 
she  considered  the  agreement  nnll. 
She  besought  Mr.  Bunn  not  to 
credit  that  she  was  going  te  sing 
at  the  Italian  Opera  in  the  Hay- 
market;  and  gave  her  word  of 
hononr  no  more  to  do  that,  in 
1849,  than  she  would  appear  at 
Dmry  Lane.  It  \nB  stated  that 
she  could  then  already  sing  in 
four  languages,  and  bad  a  singular 
facility  of  aoqalring  foreign  pro- 
nonciation.  On  the  SOth  March, 
Mr.  Bnnn  wrote  back,  that  he 
believed  she  was  deterred  from 
fulfilling  her  contract  by  the 
fiJsest  representations:  he  was 
willing  to  deposit  her  salary  wiUi 
a  banker  before  she  left  Berlin: 
the  English  would  he  as  glad  lo 
hear  her  sing  in  Gennan  as  in 
Englbh:  she  must  keep  her  &ith. 
Receiving  no  answer  to  this  letter, 
in  October  Mr.  Bunn  busied  him- 
self in  preparations  for  the  ap- 
pearance of^  Madlle.  Lind.  On 
the  18th  of  October  a  letter  ar- 
rived, in  which  she  definitively 
declared  she  could  not  come  to 
England.  She  said  that  she  nei- 
ther possessed    the  personal  ad- 


vantages, the  assurance,  nor  the 
charlatanism  of  the  other  prima 
donnas,  and  feared  the  ordeal  of 
an  English  stage;  the  langu^e, 
too,  remained  an  insuperable  ob- 
stacle. She  said  she  had  been' 
surprised  into  the  agreement ;  and 
she  concluded  by  asking  Mr.  Bunn, 
in  the  name  of  humanity  and  gene- 
rosity, to  give  her  back  her  agree- 
ment. Mr.  Bnnn  replied  in  a 
letter  angrily  accusing  the  lady' 
of  evasion  and  riolation  of  con- 
tracts, and  complaining  of  ex- 
peoBes  already  incurred;  but  offer- 
ing, that  if  ^e  would  not  appear 
at  the  Italian  Opera-house  in  Lon- 
don next  August,  and  would  pay 
such  a  sum  as  would  cover  heavy 
expenses,  and  in  some  measure 
compensate  him,  he  would  annul 
the  contract. 

The  counsel  of  the  plaintiff 
represented  that  the  reason  for 
Madlle.  Lind'B  refusal  to  per* 
form  her  engagement  was  the 
expectation  of  making  one  more 
profitable  with  the  managers  of 
the  Boyal  Italian  Opera.  Madlle. 
Lind  in  effect  did  make  such 
on  arrangement,  and  on  her 
appearance  met  with  unexampled 
success;  the  managers  of  that 
estabUsbmeat  and  Mademoiselle 
Lind  had  reaped  immense  profits 
from  that  success,  and  it  was  for 
the  damage,  direct  and  conse- 
quential, thus  received,  that  Mr. 
Bunn  brought  the  present  action. 

Damages  were  laid  at  10,00(M. 

The  defendant  was  represented 
by  the  Attorney-General  and  Sir 
Frederick  Thesiger;  Sir  John 
Jervis  stating  the  case.  Among 
other  pleas,  it  was  alleged  that 
Hademoiselle  was  to  appear  first 
as  Vielka,  in  Meyerbeers  German 
opera;  it  was  the  plaintiff's  duty 
to  procure  the  opera  music,  and 
put  it  before  her  to  be  leomt;  tlM 


30  ANNUAL    REGISTER,  [1848 

opeis,  however,  has   never  been  Tatum,  of  3,  George  Street,  Haiio< 

printed,  published,  or  sold;    and  ver  Square,  surgeon,   proved  that 

!ilaintiff  did  Dot  give  her  the  music  he  was  called  in  to  see  the  de- 

or  learning.  ceased,  who  had  nearly  recovered 

Evidence  was    given    by    Mr.  from  a  stat*  of  collapse.     He  was 

Fitzball,  that  he  had  been  paid  sufferingbutliulepain.andseemed 

by  Mr.  Bunn  1 50/.  for  translating  cheerful.     He  told  nitnees  (hat  he 

and  adapting  "  The  Camp  of  Si-  had  been  knocked  down  and  run 

lesia;"  and  by  Mr.  Dunn,  of  the  over  by  a  street  cab  (Hansoms) 

frofits  of  Druiy  Lane  when  "  full,"  near  the  Hummums,  Covent  Gar- 

uring  the  eiigef;ement  of  a  "  great  den, about  one  o'clock  that  moming. 

attraction."  The  house  holds  6&Ul.  He  said  that,  having  left  bis  opera- 

per  night,  at  present  prices,  when  glasa  at  Oruiy  Lane  Theatre,  he 

full.      The     expenses,     including  was  returning  to  fetch  it,  when  the 

Uadlle.  Lind's  salary,  would  have  accident  occurred.     Witness  found 

been  2001.  per  night      The  net  several  ribs  broken  on  both  sides 

profits  during  Malibran'e  engage-  of  the  deceased,  there  was  also  a 

ment  were  from  4000/.  to  6000^.  slight  injury  of    the    knee ;    the 

for  85  nights.  wound   afterwards  sloughed,  and 

Mr.  Justice  Erie  left  it  tA  the  there  was  diffused  inflammation : 

jury  to  say,  whether  the  plaintiff  mortification  came  on,  and  death 

could  have  performed  all  that  it  was  the  consetjuence.     The  jury 

was  his  duty  to  perform  if  the  returned  a  verdict  of  "  Died  from 

defendant    had    come    over    and  injuries  received  from  being  run 

offered  to  sing.    The  jury  found  a  over  by  a  street  cab— manslaughter 

verdict  for  the  plaintiff — damages  gainst  some  person  or  persons  un- 

25001.  known."     The  deceasecl  gentleman 

The  dispute  was  ultimately  ar-  bad  long  since  retired  into  private 

ranged  by  the  fair  vocalist  paying  life,  and  was  held  in  universal  es- 

the  sum  of  SOOOt.  to  Mr.  Bunn.  teem  for  bis  charitable  character. 

S3.  IttquEBT  ON  RoMSO  CoATES.         SO.  Extensive  Eubezzlehent. 

— A  coroner's  inquest  was  held  at  — At  the  Winchester  Assizes  Mr. 

S6,  Montague  Square,  on  the  body  Bishop,  formerly  manager  of  the 

of  Mr.  Robert  Coates,  aged  TO,  who  Ghrisiohnrch  branch  of  the  Wilts 

some  30  years  ago  was  well  known  and  Dorset  Banking  Company,  was 

as  "the  amateur  of  &sbion"  and  tried  for  embezzling   lOOUf.,  the 

"  Romeo    Coates."     It    appeared  property  of  the  company.     There 

from  the  evidence  of  Mary  Ann  wereolherindictmentsagoinethim. 

Castle,  lady's  mtud,  that  the  de-  charging  him  with  embezzlements 

ceased  genUeman  bad  been  brought  to  the  amount  of  80001.,  and  with 

home  early  on  the  moming  of  the  forging  an  I  0  U  for  84701.     In 

]6tb,  by  Mr.  Burton,  of  King's  last  August    UT61.   13«.  Hd.    was 

College  Hospital,  and  a  policeman ;  paid  into  the  Cbriatcburcb  branch, 

and  that  he  was  much  injured.    He  to  the  account  of  Mr.  Skipwick. 

told  witness  that  he  had  been  run  The  clerk  entered  it  correctly ;  but 

over  by  a  cab.     He  did  not  blame  Bishop  changed  the  first  figure  into 

any  one,  but  spoke  of  tlie  reckless  a  cipher,  and  thus  made  the  amount 

drivingbystreetcabmeningeneral.  to  be  accounted  for  less  by  lOOOI. 

He  died  in  th^  presence  of  witness  It  appeared  from  the  evidence  that 

on   the   21  St,   at   noon.     Mr.   T,  the  prisoner  gEtmbled  in  railway 


MARCH]  CHRONICLE.  31 

Bhares,   and  employed  the  money  foreign    houses    and    dealers    ia 

of  the  bankfor  that  purpose, hoping,  foreign  funds.     The  bullion  in  Lhe 

it  would  seem,  to  make  his  accounts  Bank  increased  from  13,176,812/. 

coirrect  if  his  dealings  prospered,  to  14,760,8151. 
Testimony  was   given    respecting 

the  I  O  U :  this  was  signed  by  a 

Mr.  Welsh,  vfho  had  a  c 


with    Bishop  in  his  railway  share  MARCH, 
transactions.     It  was  given  to  the 

prisoner  to  611  up  for  any  amount  Q-  Tbe     Rotal     Family     of 

of  loss  that  might  accrue  from  a  France. — The  following  are  the 

certain  dealing,  but  not  with  the  movements  of    the   ex-King  and 

intention  that  it  should  be  filled  Queen  from  the  period  of  their 

up  with  the  large  sum  written  in  arrival  atHon&eur: — 

hy  Biebop.    This  I O  U  was  pre-  A  passage  having  been  secretly 

Bented,  by  direction  of  the  accused,  secured  for'  them  in  the  Expreia 

at  the  hank  with  which  Mr.  Welsh  steamer,  on  the  afternoon  of  the 

was  connected  :  of  course  payment  Snd  they  went  in  an  open  fishing* 

ivas  refused.    He  was  found  guilty,  boat  to  Havre,  the  ex- King  paasing 

CoMHEBCiAL  Affaibs. — During  as  an  Englishman.     The  Kxpreu 

the    earlier  part  of    the  month  a  brought  them  over  to  Newhaven, 

continued    improvement   was    ob-  in  Sussex.     They  landed  early  on 

serrable   in   all  the  public  funds  the  following  morning.    They  were 

and  securities;  not,  however,  with-  accompanied    on    their    journey, 

out    such  fluctuations  as  marked  which  had  been  full  of  adventure, 

that  the  limit'which  the  foresight  by  Generals  Dumas  and  Rumigny, 

of  prudent  men  Jiad  assigned  as  M.  Thuret,  the  King's  valet,  and 

the  real  value  had  been  reached,  a  German  lady  attending  on  the 

Consols  varied  at  SO^,  Stij,  SOg.  Queen. 

Exchequer  bills,  owing  to  a  rumour  One  Mr.  Thomas  Stone  signal- 

that  Government  contemplated  a  ized  himself  by  recognising   the 

funding  after  rising  to  i(k.,  fell  ex-King  afar  off  in  the  boat  which 

to     33(.,    28s.,    24>.,    and    ]8«. ;  brought  him  ashore,  and  pledging 

but  rose  when   that  design  was  to  him  the  protection  of  the  British 

abandoned.    The  share  market  was  nation.    The  reported  colloquy  on 

rather  on  the  decline ;  but  upon  landing  was  serio-comic.     Stone — 

the  whole  the  aspect  of  aSairs  was  "  Welcome  to  England,  your  Ma- 

not  discouraging.    The  news  of  the  jesty."     Louit  Philippe — "  I  thank 

revolutioD  in  Paris  produced  a  ter-  you,  I  thank  yon ;  I  have  always 

rible    effect    on    the    commercial  felt  pleasure  in  coming  to  England, 

barometer :  the  funds  fell  rapidly  Thank  God,  I  am  in  England  once 

to  e7§.  85,  84,  83t.  and,  when  the  more  ! "    Stone—"  We  will  protect 

tidings  were  received  of  the  flight  your  Majesty."     Ex-King  {muck 

of  the  king,  to  79).     Exchequer  agitated)—"  I  thank  you,  I  thank 

bills   fell   to   12*.  and  6s.    The  you." 

foreign  funds  fell  enormously,  and  The  ex-Eing  was  scantily  attjred. 

the  share  market,  particularly  rail-  He  wore  a  rough  pea-jacket — bor- 

ways.  experienced  a  fearful  depre-  rowed  of  the  captain  of  the  Expree* 

ciation.     This  decline  was  accom-  — and  grey  trousers;   had  on  his 

panied   by  the   fiulure   of  many  head  a  close  blue  cloth  cap,  and 


32               ANNUAL     REGISTER.  [1848 

round  his  neck  a  common  red-and-  ma  '  Smith'  b^  which  I  esc^Md 

whic«  "comforter."   His  beard  waa  from  Fnwce;   and,  look,  this  is 

apparentlyof  aboutaweek'sgrowth.  my  passport,  made  out  in  the  nams 

The  Queen  waa  muffled  in  a  large  of -William  Smith'!" 

plaid  cloak,  and  carefully  concealed  The  ex- King  and  Queen  seemed 

her  features  with  a  thick  veil.  gratified  with  the  cordial  sympathy 

The  ex- King  and  Queen  took  up  evinced.     On   the  41b,  the  early 

quarters  in  the  Bridse  Inn,  kept  breakfast  was  prolonged  by  calls 

by  one  Widow  Smiui.     The   ex-  from  more  visitors :  Mr.  Lawrence 

King's  first  act  was  to  pen  an  au-  and  Lady  Jane  Peel  had  a  long 

tograph  letter  to  Queen  Tictona,  interriew.     On  this  da^,  too.  M. 

and  give  it  to  trusty  bauds  for  Duchat«l,  the  late  Home  Minister, 

soonest    possible    delivery.     This  had  an  interview  with  his  fallen 

done,  Mr.  West  was  privileged  to  master. 

prolfer  successfully  his    dressing-  At  nine  o'clock  the  ex-Kii^  and 

case  for  the  use  of  the  ex-King.  Queen  proceeded  on  their  journey, 

A  lady,  also,  was  desirous  to  place  and,  by  the  help  of  a  special  train, 

B  chest  of  clothes  at  the  disposal  were  soon  at  Croydon.     Here  they 

of  the  ex-Queen ;  but  the  offer  was  were  met   by  their  children,  the 

respectfully  declined.     The  village  Duke  of  Nemours  and  the  Duchess 

barber  was  summoned  to  the  ex-  Auguate  of  Saxe-Coborg,  with  the 

King,  to  remove  the  week-old  beard,  Duke  of   Sate-Coburg,   who   had 

an  operation  which  he  was  at  first  reached  London  on  the  27th  of 

unequal  to,  from  nervousness,  but  February.     At    the    moment   the 

ultimately  performed   with   com-  train  waa  brought  to  a  standstill, 

mendable  BRill.    In  a  short  time  the  Duke  de  Nemours  rushed  to- 

the  ex-Kine  was  perfectly  at  home  wards  the  window  of  the  carriage 

under  good  hostess  Smith's  assi-  in  which  his  exiled  parents  were 

duities,   and  declined  the  offered  seated,  and,  grasping  his  father's 

hospitalities  of  the  gentry,  who  band,  covered  it  with  kisses.    The 

soon  arrived  in  niuibers.    The  ex-  Queen,  who  was   sittii^  on  the 

Queen  busied  herself    in    letter-  right  of  her  royal  bustand,  and 

writing,  and  seemed  less  open  to  was  consequently  further  from  the 

impressions  of  the  present.     Mr.  platfonn,  on  observing  the  Duke, 

Packham,    a    protege    of    Louis  gave  utterance  to  a  scream,  appa- 

Philippe's,   who    had    been    sum-  reutly  from  excessive  joy,  and  uien 

moned  from  his  English  residence  fell  back  in  her  seat.     The  door  of 

at   Brighton,  was   master  of   the  the  carriage  having  been  opened, 

ceremonies,    and    introduced    the  the  ex-King  alighted,  and  imme- 

visitors ;  among  others,  deputations  diateiy  embraced  his  son  with  great 

who  hod  come  pilgrimages  of  com-  apparent    fervency,    kissing    him 

pliment  from  Brighton  and  from  again  end  again,  while  the  tears 

Lewes.    Three  gentlemen  were  in-  poured  down  hie  farrowed  cheeks, 

troduced,  one  being  the  Reverend  The  next  moment  the  ex-Monareh 

Theyre   Smith,    Rector  of   New-  clasped  in  his  arms  the  Princess 

haven.     "  Mr.  Smith !"  exclaimed  Clementine,    who    was    standing 

the  King.  "  that  is  curious  indeed  I  close  to  her  brother.     The  Frin- 

and  very  remarkable  that  the  first  cess,  who  up  to  this  moment  bad 

to  welcome  me  should  be  a  Mr.  maintained  an  admirable  self-pos- 

Bmith,  aince  the  assumed  name  session,   now   gave   vent  to   her 


MARCH] 


CHRONICLE. 


stiBed  feelings,  and  sobbed  coa-- 
Tolaively.  The  ex- King  kissed  her 
unceasingly  for  some  momente,  and 
then,  taming  to  her  august  hus- 
band, embraced  and  greeted  him 
affectionately.  The  Queen,  re- 
covering herself  in  a  few  momenta, 
stepped  out  of  the  carriage  aA«r 
the  King,  and  successiTely  em- 
braced, with  intense  feeling,  her 
rojal  children.  The  whole  parly 
were  for  some  time  much  agitated, 
and  apparently  altogether  uncon- 
scious of  the  presence  of  strangers. 
The  first  burst  of  emotion  over,  the 
royal  fugitives  were  conducted  into 
the  waiting-room,  where  they  re- 
mained for  some  time  in  seclusion. 
Claremont  was  reached  by  three 
o'clock.  At  five  Prince  Albert  ar- 
rived by  a  special  train  to  pay  his 
respects. 

The  ex-King  and  Queen  have 
asenmed  the  tiUe  of  the  Count  and 
Coonteas  of  Neailly  since  their  ar- 
rival at  Claremont 

The  Duchess  de  Montpensier, 
after  narrowly  escaping  the  pursuit 
of  a  moh  at  Abbeville,  was  broi^ht 
over  from  Boulogne  on  the  6th, 
by  her  husband's  aide-de-camp, 
General  Thierry. 

The  Duchess  de  Nemours,  with 
her  three  children,  accompanied  by 
the  Duke  de  Montpensier,  made 
for  Granville.  By  a  fee  of  4002. 
they  induced  the  commander  of 
the  Frineeu  AUxandrina  to  convey 
them  to  Jersey,  where  they  re- 
mained incognito  until  they  came 
to  Portsmouui,  on  the  9tb. 

Prince  Leopold,  Count  of  Syia- 
cnse,  nephew  of  the  ex-Queen  of 
France,  arrived  also  in  X^ndon, 
having  escaped  irom  Paris  dis- 
guised as  a  labourer. 

The   Prince   and   Princess  de 

JoinviUe,     and    the     Duke     and 

Duchess  d'Aumale,  arrived,  on  the 

morning  of   the  Siind,  at  Dart- 

Voi.  XC, 


mouth,  by  the  Solon  steamer. 
They  landed  on  the  same  day,  and 
joined  the  refugees  at  Claremont. 

On  leaving  Algeria,  the  Duka 
d'Aumale  issued  the  following  vale- 
dictoiy  address  to  the  colonists : — 
"  A^ere,  March  3. 

"  FaithAil  to  the  duties  of  a  citi- 
zen and  soldier,  I  remained  at  my 
post  as  long  as  1  considered  my 
presence  useful  to  the  service  of 
the  country. 

"  That  obligation  no  longer  ex- 
ists. Genersl  Cavaignac  has  been 
appointed  GoTomor- General  of  Al- 
giers. Until  his  arrival  at  Algiers, 
the  funtftions  of  Governor- General 
ad  interim  will  he  filled  by  General 
Changamier. 

"  In  obedience  to  the  national 
will  I  quit  the  country ;  but  from 
the  depth  of  exile  all  my  vrisbes 
shall  be  for  your  prosperity  and 
the  glory  of  France,  whidi  I  ediould 
have  been  anxious  to  serve  for  a 
longer  period.       H.  d'Orleahb." 

On  the  same  day  M.  H.d'Orleans 
issued  a  simitar  address  to  the  army. 

The  Duke  d'Aumale  and  the 
Prince  de  Joinville,  with  the  Prin- 
cesses and  their  famiUes,  embarked 
on  board  the  Solon  steamer  on  the 
3rd,  for  Gibraltar. 

—  Fhadduleht  Mabbiaok, — At 
the  Central  Criminal  Court.Samuel 
Brown,  a  well-dressed  man,  about 
50  years  of  age,  was  brought  up  in 
custody  of  a  tipstaff  belonging  to 
the  Queen's  Prison,  to  whida  place 
he  had  been  committed  nnder  an 
attachment  of  the  Court  of  Chan- 
cery for  contempt  of  its  jurisdic- 
tion in  marrying  one  of  its  wards, 
to  take  his  triiJ  upon  an  indict- 
ment framed  upon  the  statute  of 
the  e^  and  7th  William  IV.. 
knovm  as  the  Births,  Marriages,  and 
Deaths  Registration  Act,  charging 
him  with  misdemeanour,  in  having 
wilfully  given  a  ialse  statement 


34 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


upon  the  occasion  of  his  marrii^e 
nicb  one  Hester  Field,  and  caused 
the  same  to  be  inserted  in  the 
marriage  register,  whereby  h«  had 
incurred  ^e  penal^  aCBxed  to  the 
crime  of  wilful  perjury. 

The  Attomej-General,  who  in- 
Btitated  the  prosecution  in  bis  offi- 
cial capacity,  under  the  authority 
of  the  Vice- Chancellor,  stated  the 
fiicts  of  the  case,  which,  be  said, 
ftlthou^  very  short,  and,  as  ^ 
peared  to  him,  very  clear,  still, 
they  would  see,  involved  a  question 
of  very  considerable  importance. 
Tbere  had  been  prosecutions  of  a 
similar  character  referring  to  folse 
statements  respecting  births  and 
deaths;  but  he  believed  the  present 
was  the  only  instance  in  wbicn  there 
had  been  a  prosecution  for  a  false 
statement  respecting  a  marriage. 
It  was  very  essential,  however,  for 
the  protection  of  the  public,  that 
the  intention  of  the  Legislature 
with  regard  to  these  matters  should 
be  strictly  carried  out,  as  the  cor- 
rectness of  the  entries  in  the  re- 
gisters were  the  only  protection 
the  public  had  to  rely  upon.  For- 
merly, if  persons  made  false  slAte- 
ments  with  regard  to  their  posi- 
tion and  condition,  it  would  have 
the  effect  of  invalidating  the  mar- 
riage, and  therefore  they  had  an 
interest  in  slating  the  truth ;  but 
that  was  not  the  cose  as  the  law 
stood  at  present,  and  there  was 
now  no  mode  of  annulling  a  mar- 
ri«^  contracted  under  such  cir- 
cumstaoces  except  by  an  appeal  to 
the  Legislature,  and  through  the 
medium  of  a  divorce  bill.  The 
learned  Attorney- General  then 
stated  that  tbe  prosecution  was  in- 
stituted by  authority  of  one  of  the 
Vice-Chancel lors  of  England.  In 
the  year  1840  the  prisoner  lived  in 
tbe  service  of  a  gentleman  in  Wim- 
pole  Street,  as  butler;  but  he  left 


that  service,  and  went  to  reside 
with  his  brother,  at  Tring,  in  Hert- 
fordshire. The  marriage  in  ques- 
tion vras  contracted  in  June,  1847, 
between  the  prisoner  and  Miss 
Hester  Field,  tbe  daagfater  of  a 
gentleman  living  at  BerUiamstead, 
and  who,  under  the  wUl  of  her 
mother,  would,  upon  coming  of  age, 
be  entitled  to  very  considerable 
property,  amounting,  he  believed, 
to  llQOl.  a  year.  It  was  consi- 
dered adriaable  that  this  young 
lady,  who  was  now  only  eighteen 
years  old,  should  be  made  a  ward 
of  Chancery ;  and,  while  she  was  in 
that  position,  the  prisoner  induced 
her  to  accompany  him  to  Trinity 
Church,  Marylebone,  where  the 
ceremony  of  marriage  was  per- 
formed between  them ;  and  upon 
that  occasion  he  made  statements 
which  he  must  have  known  to  be 
false  ;  and  it  was  upon  these  &lse 
statements  that  the  present  indict- 
ment was  founded.  They  separated 
very  soon  after  the  marriage,  and 
the  defendant  was  snbsequently 
committed  to  prison  for  a  contempt 
of  tbe  Court  of  Chancery ;  and  the 
circumstances  being  laid  before  one 
of  the  Vice-Ghancellors,  it  was  re- 
ferred to  him,  as  Attorney-General, 
to  see  whether  there  were  grounds 
for  a  prosecution  being  instituted ; 
and,  upon  ascertaining  the  facts,  he 
felt  it  nis  duty  to  direct  the  present 
prosecution  as  a  first  step  to  annul 
the  marriage,  and  thus  to  restore 
tbe  property  to  the  nnfortunate 
young  lady.  Evidence  was  then 
given  fully  bearing  out  the  facts 
stated,  and  the  jury,  after  a  short 
debberalion,  returned  their  ver- 
dict, finding  tbe  prisoner  guil^  of 
making  a  false  statement  with  re- 
gard to  his  residence. 

A  suit  was  also  instituted  for 
declaring  the  marriage  a  nulli^ ; 
but  the  House  of  Lords  ultimately 


MAHCH) 


CHRONICLE. 


36 


decided  that  the  marriage  vaa 
Talid. 

4.  BobbektofGold-Ddbt. — At 
Wandsworth  Police-office,  John 
William  Tbompson,  the  master  of 
the  Medorti  steamer,  was  charged 
vith  stealing  gold-dust  to  the  vuue 
of  nearl;  10001.  Mr.  Button,  a 
city  merchant,  stated  that  he  bad 
despatched  the  accused  vith  his 
ship  the  Medora  to  the  Gold  Coast 
of  Africa,  to  bring  to  England 
palm-oil  and  other  freight.  Among 
the  lading  was  a  quantity  of  gold- 
dost,  consigned  principally  to  the 
witness.  When  the  ship  arrived 
at  Portsmouth,  Thompson  sent 
bim  a  letter,  stating  that  oa  leav> 
ing  the  Gold  Coast  he  had  been 
seized  with  fever,  and  during  the 
delirium  had  thrown  all  the  gold- 
dust  overboard.  Clerks  sent  to 
Portsmouth  by  Mr.  Hutton  found 
that  the  prisoner  had  left  his 
ship,  sold  some  gold-dust  to  a  Mr. 
£manuel,  and  departed  for  Lon- 
don. He  was  captured  at  a  bouse 
in  the  Clapham  itoad.  He  gave 
up  all  he  had  to  the  constable,  116 
pounds  avoirdupois  of  gold-dust  in 
bags,  twenty  five-pound  Portsmouth 
notes,  a  check  for  14QZ.,  and  some 
foreign  coin.  The  officer  found  a 
belt  made  to  fasten  round  the 
body;  it  was  filled  with  gold-dust; 
and  it  seemed  that  by  means  of 
this  the  prisoner  had  conveyed  the 
gold  on  shore.  The  gold-dust, 
valued  at  SI.  ITf.  per  ounce,  or 
6,400/.,  was  produced  in  court. 
Tliampeon  said  be  had  broken  and 
destroyed  the  original  packages ; 
mised  the  dust  and  put  it  in  bags ; 
that  be  had  sold  sixty  ounces  to 
Emanuel,  receiving  60ir.  per  ounce 
for  one  lot  and  65f.  for  another: 
he  also  sold  some  doubloons. 

As  to  the  prisoner's  assertion 
that  be  had  thrown  the  gold-dust 
overboard,  in  a  fit  of  delirium,  on 


coast  of  Africa,  on  his  re-ex- 
eridence  was  produced 
to  show  that  he  had  appeared  to 
do  BO :  he  was  ill,  or  pretended  to 
be  ill,  for  some  time  ;  on  the  night 
of  the  Srd  February,  he  rushed  on 
deck  in  bis  shirt,  apparently  de- 
lirious, threw  a  box  into  the  sea, 
exclaiming,  "There  I  you  shan't 
have  that— you  may  kill  me  now !  " 
and  fell  on  the  deck.  The  crew 
thought  the  box  contained  the  freigh  t 
of  gold.  Mr.  Emanuel  Emanuel, 
hulTion-mercbant,  of  Portsmouth, 
detailed  the  purchase  of  gold-dust 
and  foreign  coin  from  the  accused. 
He  showed  that  the  transaction 
was  a  fair  one,  and  that  Thompson 
had  misled  bim  cleverly  as  to  bis 
character.  Thompson  made  no  de- 
fence, and  was  committed  for  trial. 
When  tried  at  the  Central  Cri- 
minal Court,  the  prisoner  pleaded 
guilty,  and  was  sentenced  to  be 
transported  for  seven  years  on  the 
first  indictment,  and  to  a  further 
term  of  seven  years  on  the  second. 

6.    DlSTDBBANCRS    IN    THE    Ms- 

TROFOus. — The  triumph  of  the 
populace  of  Paris  was  the  signal 
for  disturbances  in  every  part  of 
Europe.  London  was  not  exempt 
from  the  scourge ;  but,  fortunately, 
the  nature  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  mob  were  eminently  calculated 
to  bring  popular  ^meutes  into  con- 
tempt. On  Monday,  the  6th  of 
March,  Trafalgar  Square  and 
Charing  Cross  were  the  scene  of 
one  of  these  burlesque  ^meutes. 
Mr.  Charles  Cochrane,  late  a  can- 
didate for  Westminster,  had  pro- 
posed a  grand  assemblage  at  noon, 
ID  the  open  air,  as  a  demonstration 
against  the  Income-tax,  and  had 
extensively  placarded  the  proposal. 
The  Act  57  George  Hit,  c.  19, 
expressly  prohibits,  during  the 
session  of  Parliament,  any  open- 
air  meeting  to  petition  the  Legis- 
D  a 


ANNUAL   REGISTER. 


[1848 


lature  for  &ny  measure  affectiog 
church  or  state,  at  any  place  within 
a  mQe  of  WestmmBt«r  Hall,  ex- 
cepting the  parish  of  St.  Paul's, 
Covent  Garden.  This  law  the 
Commissioners  of  Police  felt  it 
their  duty  to  enforce.  They  ad- 
vised Mr.  Cochrane  of  the  illegality 
of  his  project ;  and  on  Monday 
Mr.  Coo^rane  issued  notices  of  this 
iact,  and  used  some  means  to  pre- 
vent the  meeting.  The  measures 
ware  taken  so  late,  however,  that 
they  only  served  to  excite  the  in- 
dignation of  a  large  crowd  who  had 
already  aasembled.  By  one  o'clock, 
10.000  persons  were  gathered  in 
the  square ;  and  mob-mischief  of  a 
playful  sort  — "  bonneting,"  and 
pushing  people  into  the  fountains 
— filled  up  the  time.  A  few  orators 
then  appeared,  and  made  inflam- 
matory allusions  to  the  revolution 
in  Paris.  By  the  time  the  speeches 
were  over,  the  crowd  had  increased 
to  some  IS, 000 — artisans  and  la- 
bourers out  of  work,  idle  spectatora, 
and  thieves.  In  so  great  a  multi- 
tude, the  police  were  overwhelmed: 
after  vigorously  attempting  to  re- 
sist the  crowd  with  their  staves, 
they  were  lain  to  retreat  to  the 
Station  in  Scotland  Tard.  Mean- 
while, the  mob  tore  up  the  wooden 
fence  round  the  Nelson  pillar,  used 
the  pieces  as  weapons,  and  took 
possession  of  the  spot  The  police, 
largely  reinforced,  re-entered  the 
square,  attacked  the  crowd  at 
varioDS  points,  and  ultimately  re- 
gained possession  of  the  place ; 
though  without  dispersing  the 
crowd.  Fights  were  frequent  and 
general.  These  scenes  continued, 
with  slight  intermission,  until  night. 
Occasionally  were  heard  shouts  of 
"Vive  Ut  RtpvUiquel"  About 
eight  o'clock,  a  party,  under  a  lad 
who  wore  epaulett«s,  marched  off 
down  Pall  Mall  "for  the  palace," 


breaking  lamps  as  they  went  At 
Buckingham  Palace,  the  guard 
turned  out ;  and  the  mob,  alarmed 
at  the  sight  of  the  bayonets, 
evaded  them ;  going  round  by  West 
minster  to  their  starting-point. 
Trafalgar  Square.  The  general  in- 
tent seemed  to  be  mere  wanton 
mischief;  but  on  the  way,  a  baker's 
and  a  publican's  shop  were  beset, 
with  oaths  of  distress  and  starva- 
tion, and  rations  of  bread  and  ale 
were  exacted.  Several  ringleaders 
were  arrested ;  among  them  the 
hero  of  the  epaulettes— who  be- 
gan to  cry !  By  midnight  all  was 
quelled,  and  soon  afterwards  the 
streets  resumed  their  usual  aspect 
For  some  days  afterwards  these 
disturbances  were  renewed,  chiefly 
by  the  parade  of  a  few  hundreds  of 
ragamufBn  boys,  whose  chief  object 
seemed  to  be  the  fun  of  stealthily 
smashing  valuable  panes  of  glass 
in  the  shop  windows.  The  exas- 
peration of  the  tradesmen  in  the 
chief  thorough&res  at  this  despic- 
able nuisance  was  such,  that,  had 
it  been  continued,  the  mob  would 
probably  have  been  well  thrashed 
by  a  sally  of  the  enraged  shop- 
keepers and  their  assistants,  armed 
with  the  most  domestic  weapons. 
Fortunately,  a  secret  sense  of  their 
disfavour,  and  the  formidable  ap- 
pearance of  the  police,  extinguished 
these  vagabonds  without  resort  to 
force.  The  nuisance  had,  however, 
one  favourable  effect,  in  rousing 
the  inhabitants  of  London  to  meet 
the  more  formidable  dangers  of  the 
10th  of  April. 

—   DiSTDBBANCEa   IK  THB    PBO- 

TiNCES. — The  idle  and  discontented 
in  the  principal  manufacturing 
towns  did  not  omit  the  opportu- 
nity of  a  little  rioting.  The  mob 
at  Manchester  were  very  trouble- 
some to  the  police,  and  were  not 
dispersed  without  hard  blows  and 


UABCH] 


CHRONICLE. 


37 


Boine  irounds.  The  mob  appeared 
to  have  no  paitJculsr,  at  least  no 
political,  object. 

At  Glasgow  the  disturbaDcee  aa- 
enmed  a  much  more  formidable 
charactor.  On  Tuesday,  March  6, 
a  large  mob  assemblol  on  the 
Green,  and  instantly  attacked  the 
gunsmitbe'  ahope,  from  which  they 
armed  theTneelves  with  guns,  pia- 
tolB,  eworda,  and  other  weapons, 
with  which  they  proceeded  through 
the  streets,  doing  much  mischief. 
The  shops  of  the  provision  dealers 
and  silversmiths  wero  the  first 
otgects  of  attack.  Many  of  them 
were  completely  sacked,  and  pro- 
perty to  the  value  of  mcmy  thou- 
sands carried  off.  The  military 
were  sent  for,  and  a  large  number 
of  special  constables  were  sworn  in. 
The  mob  increased  in  audacity, 
and  the  military  were  ordered  to 
fire,  which  they  did  with  fatal  ef- 
fect. This  checked  the  mob,  which 
rapidly  dispersed  from  that  neigh- 
bourhood. 

The  magistrates  had  now  taken 
alarm  ,and  lai^  bodies  of  soldiers  bad 
been  poured  in  from  many  quarters, 
by  railway,  and  upwards  of  10.000 
special  constables  had  been  sworn 
in.  By  the  judicious  posting  of 
these  forces,  and  the  firmness  and 
energy  of  the  magistrates,  the  dis- 
turbances were  efi'ectually  sup- 
pressed. The  damage  done  was 
very  great ;  600  lamps  were  broken; 
thirty  shops  forced  and  ransacked ; 
and  injury  and  robbery  committed 
estimated  at  60.000/.  There  ap- 
peared to  be  DO  political  object  m 
this  proceeding  of  the  mob,  although 
a  few  cries  of  "  Down  with  the 
Queen,"  "  Vive  la  R^jmblique," 
were  heard ;  the  whole  a%ir  ap- 
peared to  be  a  most  audacious 
robbery,  committed  by  common 
thieves,  under  colour  of  a  political 
row.     Upwards  of  100  prisoners 


were  taken  during  the  riot;  but 
the  most  effectuu  captures  were 
those  made  by  the  police,  in  the 
following  days,  of  vagabonds  who 
had  been  marked  by  the  police  as 
leaders,  and  who  were  arrested  at 
leisure. 

Disturbances  of  less  importance 
took  place  at  Edinbui^b,  New- 
castle, and  other  places.  But  tlie 
whole  proceedings  of  the  mob, 
wherever  disturbances  occurred, 
were  of  eo  contemptible  a  charac- 
ter, that  they  served  to  no  other 
purpose  than  to  awaken  the  re- 
spectable part  of  the  community  to 
a  sense  of  the  character  of  mob 
law.  Nothing  could  have  been 
better  calculated  to  exemplify  the 
loyalty  and  good  sense  of  all  classes 
of  the  people,  excepting  only  the 
worst  and  moat  degraded. 

9.  ComfEBCiAi.  Crisis  at  Pa- 
Bis. — As  might  be  expected,  the 

C'ltical  revolution  of  France  has 
n  accompanied  by  a  total  over- 
throw of  aJl  commercial  credit. 
All  Paris,  and  indeed  the  whole 
community,  has  been  thrown  into 
a  state  of  bankruptcy.  The  first 
important  intimation  of  these  dis- 
asters was  the  failure  of  the  great 
banking-house  of  Oouin  and  Co., 
(successors  to  Jacques  Lafitte  and 
Co.),  which  brought  down  with  it 
a  multitude  of  minor  establish- 
ments. Immense  numbers  of  the 
small  tradesmen  of  Paris  banked 
with  this  Company ;  and  its  failure 
caused  little  snort  of  a  new  emeute 
in  its  neighbourhood  when  first 
published.  The  debts  of  the  house 
are  suted  to  be  SB.OOO.OOO  franca. 
The  alarm  was  heightened  by  a 
government  notice  closing  the 
Bourse  till  further  orders-  The 
Bourse  was  reopened  in  a  few  days. 
On  Wednesday  there  was  so 
great  a  run  on  the  Bank  of  France, 
thai  Ibe  applicants  were  obliged  to 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


place  themselves  m  queue,  as  at 
the  entrance  to  theatres.  Even 
then,  each  comer  ms  an  hoar  and 
B  half  before  reaching  the  cash- 
office.  In  the  course  of  the  day, 
this  pressure  forced  the  directors 
to  consider  the  question  of  stop- 
ping payment;  and,  in  consequence, 
the  Provisional  Goveroment  issued 
a  decree  stopping  cash  payments, 
and  roakiDg  general  currency  al- 


"An.  I.  From  the  date  of  the 
publication  of  the  present  decree, 
the  notes  of  the  Bank  of  Fnmce 
shall  be  received  as  a  legal  tender 
by  the  public  officers  and  private 
individuals. 

"ArLS.  UntiIfurtherorders,tbe 
Bank  is  dispensed  from  the  obliga- 
tion of  paying  its  notes  in  specie. 

"Art.  S.  In  DO  ease  shall  the 
issue  of  the  Bank  and  its  branch 
banks  exceed  350,000,000  francs, 

"  Art  4.  In  order  to  bcilitate 
the  circnlatioa,  the  Bank  of  France 
is  authorized  to  issue  small  notes ; 
which,  however,  shall  not  be  of 
a  lower  denomination  than   100 

On  Saturday  the  banking-house 
of  Lafitle,  Blount,  and  Co.  fol- 
lowed that  of  Gouin  and  Co.,  in 
its  suspension  of  payments.  This 
company  had  the  banking  business 
of  four  great  lines  of  railway — the 
Rouen,  Havre,  Dieppe,  and  Bou- 
logne, and  is  extensively  connected 
also  with  England.  Subsequently, 
other  important  banking-houses 
also  failed,  and  more  were  es> 
pected  to  follow.  By  the  breaking 
of  one  house,  that  of  Messrs.  Es- 
trenne  and  Co.,  a  large  additional 
number  of  labourers  engaged  in 
buildings  were  thrown  out  of  work. 

1 1 .  confibhatiuh  of  the 
Archbishop  of  ■  Cahterbubt. — 
The  ceremony  of  the  confirmation 
of  the  new  Primate  and  Metro- 


politan, Dr.  John  Bird  Sumner, 
late  Bishop  of  Chester,  took  place 
in  Bon  Church.  The  little  edify- 
ing occorrences  which  had  accom- 
panied the  confirmation  of  the 
Bishops  of  Manchester  and  Here- 
ford bad  excited  public  curiosity, 
and  the  church  woe  filled  by  a  crowd 
of  the  curions.  It  had  been 
rumoured  that  a  similar  opposition 
was  contemplated,  but  with  the  ex- 
ception of  some  slight  deriedon 
when  the  opponents  who  did  not 
appear  were  pronoonced  contu- 
macions,  nothing  occurred  to  dia- 
tnrb  thesolemnityofthe  proceeding. 

—  The  KniTON  LiitDSKi  Mor- 
DEB. — At  Lincoln  Assizes,  Joseph 
Travis  was  tried  for  the  murder  of 
Charles  Copeman,  at  Blfbonragh, 
on  the  19lh  December  last.  The 
particulars  of  the  murder,  and  of 
the  fidelity  of  the  deceased's  dog, 
wet«  given  in  the  "  Chboniclb," 
p.  103.  Copeman,  a  fiutner,  was 
found  murdered  in  a  lane ;  he  hod 
been  robbed ;  a  broken  penknife 
was  lying  near  him  ;  and  nis  dog, 
wounded,  was  beside  the  body. 
There  were  very  suspicious  circum- 
stances against  Travis;  he  had 
been  in  deceased's  company;  the 
penknife  hod  belonged  to  bim  ;  he 
was  flush  of  money;  there  was 
blood  on  his  clothes.  He  endea- 
voured to  account  for  these  things. 
The  inculpatory  evidence  did  not 
convince  the  juiy;  and  they  ac- 
quitted the  prisoner. 

—  Thk  Robberi  at  Bridoend. 
— At  the  Swansea  Assizes,  John 
Lloyd  and  Richard  Mahony,  the 
men  who  robbed  Mr.  Bonring  of 
1000/.,  in  November  last,  (parti- 
culars of  which  were  ^ven  in  the 
'■  Chronicle,"  p.  142,)  pleaded 
guilty,  and  were  sentenced  to  trans* 
portation  for  life.  Evan  Evans 
and  Richard  Thomas  were  tried  for 
feloniously  receiving  a  portion  of 


MARCH] 


CHRONICLE. 


89 


the  money:  tbey  were  &und  guilty, 
and  sentenced,  Evans  to  be  im- 
prisoned for  eighteen  months,  and 
Thomas  for  aix. 

Mr,  Bowring  saw  tbe  robbers  in 
prison;  they  told  him  where  tbe 
silver — some  60i. — was  concealed. 
He  went  to  a  wood,  and  there  he 
found  tbe  money  tied  up  in  a  hand- 
kerchief. 

13.  Mbetiho  on  Eenninoton 
CoKHON. — A  Chartist  meeting,  pre- 
announced  as  "great,"  and  ex- 
pected to  be  troublesome,  was  held 
at  Keimington  Common.  Itturned 
out  a  most  despicable  atfiiir.  The 
numbers  od  tbe  Common  have  been 
e8timat«datfrom  13,000,  to  15,000, 
but  those  wbo  participated  in  the 
business  by  listening  to  speeches 
were  not  above  a  half  liie  rest 
were  spectators,  who  stwd  respect- 
fully tuoof,  and  a  predacious  crowd 
of  the  lowest  mob  of  London.  The 
speakers  were  raised  on  waggons ; 
the  speeches  were  of  the  most  ordi- 
nary description   of  low  political 

Just  as  the  meeting  concluded 
its  business,  a  heary  rain  came  on, 
and  saved  all  exertions  of  the  police 
to  disperse  the  unoccupied  crowd  ; 
tbe  Common  was  perfectly  cleared 
in  about  an  hour.  There  were 
slight  commotions  during  the  after- 
noon, arising  from  assaults  on  peri- 
pateticprovision-dealers and  bakers' 
carts :  a  baker's  and  a  pawnbroker's 
shop  were  assaulted,  and  suffered 
some  losses  before  the  police  could 
interfere.  The  chief  offenders  were 
taken  and  home  off  in  custody. 
The  most  serious  afiur  was  the 
eackingof  a  pawnbroker's  and  other 
shops,  from  which  upwards  of 
lOOOf.  in  value  of  convertible  arti- 
cles were  stolen. 

Immense  preparations  had  been 
made  to  prevent  serious  outbreaks. 
Upwards  of  two  thousand  police. 


foot  and  horse,  were  posted  in 
buildings  close  to  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Kenningtou  Common ;  and 
some  twelve  hundred  more  were 
posted  in  masses  at  the  apprcaobes 
to  the  bridges,  with  instructions  to 
prevent  the  passing  of  processions 
or  large  combined  bodies  of  men, 
and  to  act  as  a  reserve.  Further 
reserves  were  in  waiting  at  the 
central  police  slations,  and  the 
military  were  under  arms  in  readi- 
ness to  act. 

18.    BiRTB    OF    A    PbIHCESS. — 

"Buckingham  Palace,  March  18, 
1848. — "This  morning,  at  eight 
o'clock  the  Queen  was  safely  de- 
livered of  a  Princess. 

"  In  the  room  with  her  Majesty 
were  his  Boyal  Highness  Prince 
Albert,  Dr.Locock, and  Mrs.  Lilly, 
the  monthly  nurse.  And  in  the 
rooms  adjoining  were  the  other 
medical  attenfbnts,  Sir  James 
Clark  and  Dr.  Ferguson  ;  and  also 
her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess 
of  Kent,  the  Lady  in  Waiting  on 
the  Queen,  and  tbe  Ministers  and 
Officers  of  State  summoned  on  the 
occasion." 

Her  M^esty's  progress  to  re- 
covery was  happily  so  favourable, 
that  very  few  bulletins  were  issued. 

The  following  "  Form  of  Prayer 
and  Thanksgiving  "  was  ordered  to 
be  read  in  all  churches  and  chapels 
in  England  and  Ireland,  on  Sun- 
day, the  aeth  instant. 

"Almighty  and  meroiful  God, 
by  whose  providence  the  whole 
world  is  governed  and  preserved ; 
we  yield  'Thee  hearty  thanks  that  it 
hath  pleased  Tbee  to  deliver  thy 
servant  our  Sovereign  Lady  tbe 
Queen  from  the  perils  of  child- 
birth, and  to  make  her  a  Joyful 
mother.  We  humbly  beseech  Thee 
to  keep  her  under  thy  fatherly  care 
and  protection ;  and  enable  her  in 
the  hour  of  weakness  to  feel  the 


40 


ANNUAL     EEGISTER. 


[1848 


Bnpport  of  thine  ererlastiiig  aim. 
Defend  the  infant  Princess  from 
all  daDKere  which  mi>j  happen  to 
the  body,  and  from  ail  evil  which 
may  assault  and  hurt  the  soul ;  and 
grant  that  as  she  grows  in  years  she 
may  grow  in  grace  and  in  every 
Christian  yirtue.  Let  thy  con- 
tinual help  preserve  our  Queen  and 
her  Royal  Consort ;  that  Thou  being 
their  ruler  and  guide,  they  may  so 
pass  through  things  temporal  that 
they  final^  lose  not  the  things 
eternal. 

"  And  grant,  0  Lord,  that  thy 
goodness  to  our  land  may  so  affect 
the  hearts  of  us  thy  people,  that 
ve  may  show  our  thankfulness  by 
ready  obedience  to  thy  will,  by 
dutiful  allegiance  to  our  Sovereign, 
and  by  Christian  charity  one  to- 
wards another;  that  so  living  in 
the  faith  of  thy  dear  Son,  who 
loved  us  and  gave  himself  for  us, 
we  may  be  indeed  a  holy  nation,  a 
peculiar  people,  and  show  forth  thy 

E raise,  wno  hast  called  us  to  thy 
ingdom  and  glory.  Grant  this, 
O  neavenly  Father,  for  Jesus 
Christ's  sake,  our  blessed  Lord  and 
Saviour.    Amen." 

20.    BORNINO   OF  THB    BknABES 

Steaheb.  —  This  fine  steamer, 
which  plied  on  the  Ganges  be- 
tween Calcutta  and  Benares,  has 
been  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  with 
great  loss  of  life.  A  letter  from 
one  of  the  passengers  gives  an 
account  of  the  catastrophe. 

"  or  [Ujmahil,  March  31. 
"I  sit  down  toacquaint  you  with 
one  of  the  most  awful  cUamitiea 
that  has  befallen  the  above  vessel 
that  it  is  possible  to  imagine,  and 
which  is  still  more  distressing  as 
it  has  been  attended  with  serious 
loss  of  life  and  property.  About 
seven  o'clock,  while  under  steam 
within  three  miles  of  R^jmahal,  the 
after  part  of  the  vessel,  where  the 


horses  and  conveyances  are,  was 
discovered  to  be  on  fire.  Owii^  to 
the  combaatible  materials  close  at 
hand  the  fire  raged  fiiriously,  and 
the  confusion  consequent  thereon 
bafQes  all  description.  The  vessel 
was  run  on  a  sandbank,  and  im- 
mediately the  nuyoriu  of  the  pas- 
sengers jumped  into  the  water,  and 
16  or  16  persons  wero  drowned. 
Several  more  are  missing,  and  I 
fear  they  have  all  met  a  watery 
grave.  All  the  cargo  in  the  after- 
bold  is  burned,  also  the  convey- 
ances and  eight  horses ;  the  latter 
were  literally  roasted  alive.  Every 
one  on  board  has  suffered  more  or 
less.  I  have  lost  nearly  all  my 
clothes,  and  some  of  the  passengers 
have  lost  money  and  property  to 
the  extent  of  some  thousands  of 
rupees.  I  stuck  to  the  vessel 
throughout,  and  have  got  off  pretty 
well.  I  tried  all  1  could  to  per- 
suade the  passengers  not  to  leave 
the  vessel  until  there  was  no  chance 
of  saving  her,  but  it  was  useless, 
and  hence  the  loss  of  life.  The 
fire  extended  as  fiw  as  the  engine 
room,  and  was  then  got  under,  but 
not  until  everything  in  the  after 

fart  of  the  vessel  was  consumed, 
t  is  supposed  that  the  fire  was 
caused  by  one  of  the  Syces  on 
board  smoking  the  hookah  close  to 
the  straw  for  the  horses." 

Q4.  Tbial  Fob  Murder. — 
ExBTKR. — Ann  Fisher  was  indicted 
for  having  wilfully  murdered 
Bichard  Fiaber,  by  administering 
aisenic,  and  Mary  Hodge  was  in- 
dicted for  inciting  and  commanding 
Ann  Fisher  to  commit  the  murder. 
It  appeared  that  the  deceased, 
Richard  Fisher,  was  a  farmer  re- 
siding at  Stubbon,  about  eight 
miles  from  Tiverton,  and  four  from 
Witheridge;  he  was  71  years  of 
age.  The  prisoners  are  sistera, 
and  are  between  30  and  40  years 


MARCH]  CHRONICLE.  41 

of  age.    Ann  Fisher  was  formerly  and  died  in  the  conree  of  the  night 

the  wife  of  a  person  of  the  name  of  or  morning,  but  at  what  time  there 

Leigh,  who  died  in  Febroary,  1847,  is  no  one  to  tell. 
leavingthe  prisonerAnnhiswidov.         Such  is  the  general  outline  of 

After  the  death  of  her  husband  this  estraordinsry  case.  In  support 

(Leigh),  old  Fisher,  and  a  person  of  of  the  charge  there  was  an  immenss 

the  name  of  Thomas  Leach,  a  young  number  of  witnesses,  chiefly  people 

man,  paid  her  attention.     On  the  of  the  lower  class,  hy  whose  testi- 

2nd  of  June,  1847,  Richard  Fisher  mony  a  long  series  of  details  were 

married  the  prisoner  Ann  Fisher,  elicited,  making  one  of  the  most 

and.befbrethreemonthshadpasBed  extraordinary  oases  of  circumstan- 

orer  his  head,  he  was  in  Ms  grave,  tial  evidence  ever  known  in  a  ooort 

and  it  was  discovered  that  he  had  of  justice ;    could   the  allegation 

died  poisoned.    Two  days  after  the  have  been  substantiated,  it  would 

marriage  Fisher  made  a  will,  giv-  have  shown  a  murder  so  deliberate 

ing  everything  he  possessed,  about  in  its  perpetration  as  hardly  to  be 

500Z.,  to  his  wife.     On  Thursday,  paralleled  in  the  annals  of  crime, 
the  30th  of  August,  there  bad  been         The  trial,  which  commenced  at 

some  reaping  in  one  of  Fisher's  an  early  hour  on  Friday  morning, 

fields,  and  Thomas  I.each  was  one  did  not  terminate  until  past  one 

of  the  reapers.     Lesch  attempted  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning, 
to  kiss  Mrs.  Fisher,  and  some  dis-        The  jury,  aft«r  careful  delibera- 

agreement   aroee  in  consequence  tion,  found  the  prisoners   "  Not 

between  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fisher — he  Guilty." 

became  angry,  and  went  to  bed.  S7.  Reoina  v.  Latiueb. — 
The  rest  of  the  party,  including  Exeter  Atrixes. — This  trial,  which 
Mrs.  Fisher  and  Thomas  Leach,  excited  very  great  interest  in  the 
afterwards  came  into  the  house,  west  of  £ugland.  was  on  an  indict- 
They  remained  there  sapping  and  ment  in  which  the  Bishop  of  Exeter 
drinking  till  one  or  two  in  the  prosecuted  Mr.  Latimer,  the  pro- 
morning,  and  then  they  all,  includ-  prietor  of  the  Wettem  Timtt,  ior  a 
ing  Mrs.  Fisher  and  Leach,  got  libel  in  bis  paper.  It  declared  the 
into  a  cart,  and  went  to  Witheridge.  Bishop  to  be  so  notorious  a  brawler. 
When  the  old  man  awoke  in  the  that  any  story  not  imputing  to  him 
morning  be  found  that  his  wife  bad  the  milder  virtues,  concemii^  his 
gone  off  in  the  same  cart  with  rule  and  discipline,  was  received 
ThomasLeach.  He  expressed  great  without  question,  aod  circulated  as 
anger,  and  went  to  Witheridge,  gospel :  it  also  said  the  Bishop  had 
and  called  on  a  Mrs.  Partridge,  once  in  the  House  of  Lords  "  stood 
with  whom  he  had  formerly  lived,  branded  as  a  consecrated  careless 
and  told  her  not  to  pay  his  wife  a  perverter  of  facts,  and  one  who  did 
sum  of  money  that  was  due  to  him.  discredit  to  the  mitre  which  be  was 
He  came  back  to  his  house  about  paid  iiOOI.  a  week  to  wear."  It 
nineo'clock  the  same  morning,  and  seems  that,  in  1833,  the  Duke  of 
by  that  time  his  wife  had  arrived  1  Somerset  built  a  church  in  his 
some  little  altercation  took  place,  manor  of  Bridgetown,  and  that  the 
but  afterwards  she  gave  him  some  Duke  and  the  Bishop  had  personal 
marshmallow  tea.  He  was  unwell  negotiations  on  the  Butfject  of  its 
daring  the  morning  and  day,  and  consecration.  The  church  was  filled 
went  to  bed  early  in  the  evening,  for  some  years  by  the  Reverend 


42               ANNUAL     REGISTER.  [1848 

Mr.  Shore,  who  has  latel;  beeu  pariahofLIanellan,  in  this  county, 

battling  with  the  Bishop  in  the  on  the  10th  of  November  Itst,  bj 

Ecclesisstical  Courts.      In    1843,  poison. 

Lord  Brougham  presented  a  peti-  This  case  had  excited  consider' 
tion  from  Mr.  Shore  to  the  House  able  interest  in  this  conntj,  and 
of  Lords ;  aud  on  that  occasion  the  consequently  many  jurors  nere 
Bishop  of  Exeter  told  the  Hooss  challenged  on  both  sides, 
that  tne  Duke  of  Somerset  had  The  prisoner  Mary  Howells  was 
made  engagements  in  respect  to  a  voman  of  33<  The  other  pri- 
the  use  of  the  church  which  he  soner  was  a  young  man  of  26,  who 
afterwards  broke :  be  bad  registered  was  not  particularly  well-looking, 
the  church  as  a  dissenting  chapel  The  former  prisoner  was  the  wite 
for  Mr.  Shore  to  preach  in,  after  he  of  the  deceased,  who  was  a  man 
seceded  from  the  Church  of  Eng-  of  66  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
land.  On  occasion  of  this  choice  and  had  been  for  years  so  deaf 
by  the  Bishop  against  the  Duke,  that  he  was  commonly  communi' 
Mr.  Latimer  published  in  his  paper  cated  with  by  means  of  signs, 
the  language  now  impugned,  and  He  bad  been,  till  within  a  year  of 
the  Bishop  brought  his  indictment  his  death,  on  rather  bad  terms 
The  defendant  put  in  two  pleas —  with '  his  wife,  in  consequence  of 
namely,  a  formal  one  denying  the  feelings  of  jealousy.  Recently  his 
charge  of  publishmg  a  libel,  and  a  health  generally  had  been  much 
plea  of  justification.  The  latter  better,  and  he  was  less  jealuns 
compelled  the  jury  to  judge  be-  than  before.  He  and  his  wife 
tween  the  Bishop  and  the  Duke  lived  on  a  small  farm  in  the  above 
on  their  relative  veracity.  The  parish.  They  had  no  children,  and 
Bishop  was  personally  put  in  the  the  family  consisted  of  themselves 
witness-box,  and  examined  on  all  and  a  male  servant,  the  prisoner 
the  circumstances  of  the  negotiO'  Price,  and  a  female  servant,  Jane 
tions  about  the  church.  Mr.  Cock-  Morgan,  who  was  the  principal 
bum  proposed  to  the  Judge  to  ask  witness.  For  ten  or  eleven  months 
the  Bishop  if  he  had  not  been,  by  before  the  9th  of  November,  the 
Lord  Grey  and  others,  charged  on  deceased  had  been  in  particularly 
particular  occasions  with  misrepre-  good  health.  On  that  day  he  had 
sentations  and  the  making  of  un>  breakfast,  dinner,  and  tea  as  usual, 
founded  statements.  Baron  Piatt,  For  supper,  he,  his  wife,  and  ser- 
however,  would  not  allow  this  vants  had  apple  dumplings,  which 
course.  The  jury,  after  an  hour's  had  been  made  and  prepared  and 
consideration,  gave  a  verdict  of  served  up  by  the  witness  Morgan. 
"  Guilty  "  on  the  first  plea,  and  of  who  swore  that  she  put  no  poison 
acquittal  on  thepleaofjustiflcation.  into  any  of  them.  The  deceased 
The  verdict  was  received  in  the  helped  himself  to  the  first  dump- 
court  with  irrepressible  applause ;  lings  which  he  ate.  Uia  wife  pre- 
and  bands  of  music  paraded  Exeter  sented  him  with  the  last  he  took; 
and  many  of  the  towns  of  Devon-  she  having  first  cut  it  open  and 
shire  in  triumph.  put  some  sugar  and  cream  upon 
S8.  Tbial  fob  MniiDEB,  MoH-  It.  She  put  the  cream  and  sugar 
liODTH. — Mary  Howelle  and  James  on  those  also  which  the  servants 
Price  were  indicted  for  the  mur-  ate.  This  was  about  nine  o'clock, 
der  of  William  Uowells,  at  the  He  went  to  bed  soon  afterwards. 


MARCH]                CHRONICLE.  43 

and  about  t«Q  o'clock  was  seized  The  learned  judge  summed  up ; 
with  severe  pains,  cramps,  purg-  and,  the  jury  baring  retired,  the 
ing,  and  vomiting;  and  contmued  female  prisoner,  who  understood 
ill  all  night  sud  next  day,  and  English  only  imperfectly,  observed 
died  the  followiug  evening  about  to  her  attorney  that  the  judge  had 
1 1  o'clock.  No  doctor  had  been  urged  it  against  her  that  she  had 
sent  for,  and  the  only  thing  which  not  sent  for  the  coroner,  whereas 
be  had  got  was  warm  mtlk  and  she  had  done  so;  and  the  coroner 
water  and  a  little  brandy.  The  had  sent  word  back  that  it  was 
funeral  took  place  on  the  13th.  unnecesaaty  to  hold  an  inquest. 
Suspicions  soon  after  began  to  be  This  was  communicated  to  Mr. 
entertained  that  he  had  been  poi-  Huddleston,  who,  on  inquiry,  find- 
Boned;  and,  on  the  7th  of  January,  ing  the  statement  to  be  correct, 
the  body  \ne  exhumed,  and  ex-  called  his  lordship's  attention  to 
amined  by  Mr.  Stell,  a  surgeon  at  the  fact.  The  jury  were  then  re- 
Blaenavon,  who  analyzed  part  of  called,  and  James  Powell,  the  first 
the  viscera,  and  sent  the  rest  to  witness,  who  had  been  examined 
Mr.  Herapath,  the  celebrated  che-  for  the  prosecution,  to  prove  the 
mist  at  Bristol.  Both  gentlemen  identity  of  the  body  buried  with 
i^reed  that  the  cause  of  death  was,  that  exhumed,  swore  that,  on  the 
beyound  all  doubt,  the  administra-  day  of  the  death  of  Howells,  he 
tion  of  white  arsenic.  told  the  wife  that  she  ought  to 
The  circumstances  principally  send  for  the  coroner;  that  she 
relied  on  to  show  the  prisoner's  begged  of  him  to  go  if  he  thought 
guilt,  were  her  neglect  to  Bend  for  it  necessary;  that  he  went  and 
the  doctor;  her  opposition  to  the  told  the  facts  to  Mr.  Hughes,  the 
raising  the  body  ior  examination ;  coroner,  who  said  it  was  not  neces- 
her  terror,  and  the  remarks  she  sary  to  hold  an  inquest,  and  that 
had  made,  lest  "anything  should  be  then  told  this  to  the  clergyman, 
be  found  in  him."  It  appeared,  and  that  was  the  reason  the  clergy- 
however,  that  the  accused  had  man  buried  the  deceased  without  a 
shown  very  great  compassion  at  certificate  from  the  registrar, 
the  sufferingB  of  her  husband ;  The  coroner  and  the  clergyman 
and  had  several  times  fainted  were  examined,  and  corroborated 
when  his  appearance  betokened  this  statement 
great  agony.  It  was  strongly  urged  His  lordship  observed  that  it 
against  her  that  she  had  procured  was  extraordinary  that  so  im- 
the  body  to  be  buried  without  a  portant  a  circumstance  had  not 
certificate ;  but  it  appeared  that  a  been  communicated  before, 
certificate  had  been  applied  for,  Thejuryagainretired.and, after 
which  the  registrar  had  refused  to  anabaenceofhalfanhour.retumed, 
give,  because  no  inquest  had  been  with  a  verdict  of  "  Not  Guilty." 
held  to  inquire  into  the  cause  of  39.  MiNrao  Accidents. — Seve- 
death.  It  also  appeared  not  im-  ral  accidents,  attended  with  dread- 
possible  that  a  servant  girl  might,  fnl  loss  of  life,  have  recently 
probably  innocently,  have  been  the  occurred  in  the  mining  districts, 
cause  of  death  by  mixing  arsenic.  Nineteen  men  were  killed,  and 
used  for  dressing  sheep,  with  the  seven  more  nearly  scorched  to 
flour  used  in  making  the  dump-  death,  by  an  explosion  in  the 
lings.  Eagle's  Bush  coUiery,  at  Neath. 


44 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


on  the  29th  iofltant.  CompluDte 
have  before  been  made  of  the 
mine;  mid  Sir  Henry  de  la  Becbe 
is  commissioned  to  inquire  into  the 
cst»e  of  the  accident. 

Eight  men  were  killed  on  the 
4th  April  in  the  shaft  of  a  coal-pit 
At  Malinelee,  called  the  Lodge. 
Some  machineiy  broke  as  tbey 
were  descending  the  shaft.  Fall- 
ing to  the  bottom,  the  winding- 
cluia,  300  yards  long  and  tno  tons 
in  weight,  came  down  upon  them 
and  crushed  them  to  deau). 

State  of  Irbland. — Although 
the  south  of  Ireland  has  not  ex- 
hibited that  fearful  succession  of 
cold-blooded  assassination  which 
was  recorded  in  the  Csboniolb  of 
the  "AttHtJAL  Rboibtbb"  of  last 
year,  yet  many  dreadful  crimes 
hare  been  recently  committed, 
and  the  whole  of  that  district 
seems  surrendered  to  eveiy  de- 
scription of  lawless  violence  and 
predial  oulxage. 

The  celebrated  Father  Mac- 
guire  appears  to  have  Mien  a 
victim  to  some  private  reveuge. 
calculated  to  escape  notice  amid 
the  general  chaos  of  crime  and 
outrage.  His  remains  having  been 
exhumed,  it  appeared  clear  that 
his  death  had  been  caused  by 
poison;  and  five  of  his  relatives 
end  domestics  were  arrested  on 
suspicion. 

In  January  three  men  were 
committed  to  Ennis  gaol,  having 
been  arrest«d  while  lurking  with 
arms  with  the  avowed  purpose  of  as- 
sassinating Colonel  Vandeleur  and 
Captain  Kennedy.  Seijeont-m^or 
Bead  was  stopped  in  the  streets  of 
Limerick  by  n  man  who  presented 
a  pistol  to  bis  breast.  The  pistol 
fortunately  would  not  go  off,  but 
the  man  escaped. 

In  Leitrim,  a  man  named  Quin 
was  stopped  by  a  man  dressed  in 


woman's  clothes,  who  pressnted  a 
gun  at  him  and  ordered  him  to 
kneel  down  and  be  shot  Quia 
refused,  and  pelted  his  assailant 
with  stones  so  vigorously  that  the 
fellow  was  not  able  to  get  a  steady 
shot,  and  Quin  escaped. 

At  Castletown  Roche,  a  widow 
who  kept  a  lodging-house  was 
found,  with  a  little  girl,  her  niece, 
strangled  in  bed.  The  murders 
are  supposed  to  have  been  com- 
mitted by  two  men  who  had  slept 
in  the  house.  The  gaols  of  the 
Oalway  district  were  crowded  with 
prisonerB  committed  for  agrarian 
robberies,  chiefly  perpetrated  on 
the  small  classes  of  fitrmers;  one 
industrioiu  man  had  lost  two  cows, 
and  usty-two  sheep;  others  had 
lost  every  cow  ana  sheep  they 
possessed. 

A  catastrophe  of  a  different 
kind,  reminding  the  reader  of  the 
stats  of  society  among  the  gentir 
as  depicted  by  the  earlier  Irish 
novelists,  occurred  on  the  !i6th 
January.  Mr.  Peyton,  one  of  the 
county  coroners,  proceeded,  with 
some  bailifis  and  policemen,  to 
execute  a  law  process  against  Mr. 
Herbert  Kelly  Waldron,  a  justice 
of  the  peace,  residingat  Ashford. 
□ear  Drumsna.  Mr.  Waldron  hod 
prepared  himself  for  reaistanoo  by 
arming  several  of  his  retainers, 
who  were  stationed  behind  the 
entrance-gate  of  the  property. 
The  coroner  vainly  endeavoured 
to  persuade  Mr.  Waldron  to  sub- 
mit quiedy  to  the  execution. 
When  an  attempt  was  made  to 
force  open  the  gate,  Mr.  Waldron 
fired  through  the  bars,  and 
wounded  one  of  the  coroners 
party.  The  shot  was  imme^tely 
returned  by  the  police,  and  Mr. 
Waldron    fell    dead.      A   general 


APRIL]                  CHRONICLE.  45 

aides;   but    at  lengtih  a  forcible  Co.;   there  was  a  large  host  of 

entTf  was  effected,  and  the  seizure  others  who  succumbed,  but  the 

mis  made.  suspension  of  all  payments  bjr  di- 

The  evils  of  this  state  of  society  rectton   of  the   Government  pre- 

ars  vividly  depicted  by  a  writer  vented  their  faU  from  being  dis- 

from  Ireland ; — "  Shops  are  being  tinguished  amid  the  general  crash, 

abandoned,  the  shopkeepers  flying.  The    Bank  of   France  itself  was 

The  number  of  houses  to  be  let,  saved  from  a  declaration  of  in- 

at    all    sides,  is  quite  frightful,  solvency  by  an  especial  decree  of 

The  building  trade  is  at  a  stand,  the  Government  for  a  suspension 

Witli  decreasing  population,  there  of  cash  payments.    The  exchanges 

are  already  more  houses  than  in-  turned  against  France  to  a  fea^l 

habitants  to  occupy  them.    House  extent,  being  not  less  than  ST. 

property  has  fallen  immensely  in  The  notes  of  the  Bank  of  France 

value ;  partly  because  of  the  gene-  were  offered  at  30  francs,  being  a 

nl   decline  in   the  value  of    all  depreciation  of  30  per  cent-     The 

property,  but  especially  on  account  &1I  in  French  railway  shares  was 

of  the  poor  rates  and  the  high  terrific;   those  of  the  Paris  and 

taxation  on  houses."  Rouen  line,   which   on  the  flSth 

CouxERCiAL  Affairs.  —  The  Februair  were  at  2fl,  fell  to  ISj, 
first  movements  of  alarm  conse-  or  nearly  60  per  cent  In  the 
quent  on  the  French  Revolution  Dutch  Funds  the  fall  was  con- 
being  over,  the  English  funds  ral-  siderable ;  and  in  those  of  Austria, 
lied  vrith  surpriemg  readineee;  and  other  disturbed  states,  the 
and,  although  tney  underwent  fte-  consequences  were  nearly  as  ter- 
quent  Buctuations,  kept  within  the  rihle  as  in  those  of  France.  Under 
rangeof  63  to  81,  the  result  being  these  circumstances  the  flow  of 
a  ft^l.  Exchequer  Bills  rose  con-  capital  to  this  country  was  very 
siderably,  from  Qit.  to  39s.,  S0>.,  great,  and  tended,  in  a  very  great 
3S«. ;  and  there  was  also  a  con-  degree,  to  keep  up  the  price  of  the 
siderable  improvement  in  most  of  funds,  and  to  restore  confidence  to 
our  public  stocks.  Rulways  an-  every  class  of  our  community,  and 
fortunately  experienced  a  consi-  finally,  this  country  being  preserved 
derable  depression.  The  bullion  Aree  from  revolutionary  convulsion, 
in  the  Bank  increased  from  reacted  upon  the  condition  of  the 
U,7eo,Sl&/.  to  16,316.794/.  But,  states  of  Uie  Continent 
altiioi^h  the  Et^lish  money  mar- 
ket was  affected  to  a  surprisingly     

slight   degree  by  the   continued 

convulsions  on  the  Continent,  the  APRIL, 
effect  on  the  commeroial  classes 

abroad  was  frightful.  At  Paris  all  1.  Hepvblioah  Invasion  of 
monetary  transactions  were  at  an  BELOitm. — The  invasion  of  Bel- 
end;  some  of  the  greatest  houses  gium  by  RepubUcans  from  Paris 
in  France  stopped  payment,  among  came  to  a  signal  and  ludicrous 
them  may  be  named  MU.  Gouin  failure.  The  Government  had 
and  Co.  (formerly  Lafitte's).  Ban-  been  timely  warned  of  the  io- 
don  and  Co.,  and  Ganneron  and  tended  descent  by  M.  Delesclazes, 
Co.,  the  three  principal  joint-stock  Provisional  Commissioner  of  the 
banks  in  Paris,  and  the  great  pri-  Departement  du  Nord,  who  came 
vate  bank  of  Lafitte,  Blount,  and  from  Lille  to  Qniverain,  just  within 


46 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


the  Belgian  frontier,  especiallj  od 
the  friendly  office.  A  tai^e  body 
of  troopa  and  anned  peasants  (who 
are  violently  opposed  to  the  notion 
of  invasion  by  French  Republi- 
canism) assembled  at  the  station. 
ready  to  pounce  on  the  train.  The 
first  train  started  from  Paris  on 
Friday ;  and,  by  some  misarrange- 
meut  of  commissariat,  the  trsr 
Tellers  were  disappointed  of  food 
at  Donay.  A  few  loaves  were  got 
in  some  way,  and  scrambled  for 
by  the  famiehed  patriots.  They 
left  Donay  half  frozen  and  starved, 
with  a  faint  attempt  at  the  "  Mar- 
sellaise."  They  had  arranged  tu 
stop  at  Valenciennes;  but  an  in- 
stant after  their  arrival  an  engine, 
which  had  approached  from  the 
Belgian  frontier,  attached  itself  to 
the  train,  set  off  with  it,  and, 
despite  ihe  curses  of  the  tra- 
vellers, drew  them  on  to  the 
station  of  Quiverain.  About  a 
hundred  of  them,  shouting  "Sauve 
guipetU!"  leaped  desperately  from 
the  train:  some  broke  ^eir  legs, 
and  were  captured;  others,  more 
fortunate  or  more  f^le,  soam- 
pered  back  to  the  French  terri- 
tory, and  escaped.  Upwards  of 
eight  hundred  were  safely  drawn 
into  the  siding  at  the  station,  and 
quietly  token  into  custody  by  the 
troops  and  peasants :  they  were 
marched  off  in  ganga  of  half  a 
dozen,  some  to  confinement,  others 
to  the  obscurity  of  their  native 
villages,  others  (chiefly  French  and 
English)  bach  to  the  French  fron- 
tier. Subsequent  trains  were 
served  in  the  same  way ;  but,  the 
trap  becoming  known,  the  later 
arrivals  were  stopped  safely  at 
Valenciennes ;  about  three  thou- 
sand bave  arrived  there,  and  were 
scattered  on  the  frontier  villages, 
unable  to  get  on  to  Antwerp  or 
back  to  Paris. 

Some  of   the  Belgian  artisans 


Srofessed  to  have  joined  the  expe- 
ition  simply  as  a  means  of  tra- 
velling home  gratis. 

—  Shipwreck. — The  Waratah, 
bound  to  Sydney,  was  encountered 
by  the  No-neegian  bark,  in  a  des- 
perate condition,  on  the  24th  of 
March;  but,  in  consequence  of  the 
state  of  the  weather,  it  could  ren- 
der no  assistance.  The  vessel  was 
driven  about  for  five  days  after 
the  Norwegian  was  compelled  to 
leave  her,  and  she  eventually  went 
ashore  on  the  island  of  Molene, 
20  miles  from  Brest  In  a  few 
hours  she  was  dashed  to  pieces. 
Bight  only  of  the  crew  reached 
the  land,  which  they  gained  by 
swimming.  Ship  and  cargo  are 
said  to  bave  been  insured  for 
26,000;.  The  Norvegian  only 
saved  two  cabin  rassengers. 

The  packet  Wut  Point,  while 
on  her  passage  from  Liverpool  to 
New  York,  on  the  ISth  of  Fe- 
bruary, was  struck  by  lightning 
seven  times  within  an  hour,  the 
electric  fluid  passing  down  the 
main-mast.  The  people  felt  the 
shocks  severely,  and  by  one  of 
them    two    seamen    were   struck 

6.  The  Queen  v.  GoTTEBinaK 
— Warwick. — This  was  a  criminal 
information,  on  the  prosecution  of 
Dr.  Lee,  Bishop  of  Manchester, 
against  Thomas  Outteridge,  a  sur- 
geon of  Birmingham,  whose  perti- 
nacious opposition  to  his  reverend 
opponent  has  been  already  men- 
tioned (See  Jan.  10).  The  misde- 
meanour alleged  was  the  publica- 
tion of  a  series  of  libels,  charging 
the  bishop,  while  head  master  of 
King  Edward  the  Sixth's  Gram- 
mar School  at  Birmingham,  within- 
toucation,  malversation,  falsehood, 
andcmelty.  The  defendant  pleaded 
"Not  Guilty,"  and  justification. 

The  trial  occupied  the  court  four 
entire  days,  when  the  evidence  pro- 


APRIL] 


CHRONICLE. 


47 


duced  on  behalf  of  the  plaintiff  was 
Boch  as  not  only  to  show  that  the 
charges  were  utterly  Toid  of  founda- 
tion, but  to  proT6  that  the  reverend 
gentlemen,  by  his  piety,  charity, 
learning,  and  meekneae,  was  well 
.  worthy  the  apoetolic  charge  to 
which  Her  Majesty  has  been 
pleased  to  nominate  bim.  The 
defendant  called  a  few  witnesses, 
the  chief  of  whom  were  a  school- 
master and  his  wife,  who  had  been 
discharged  for  improper  conduct. 

The  jury  instantly  found  the  de- 
fendant"GuiIty"onaU  the  issues. 

8.  The  Dondr;  Mubdeb. 
Taunton. — Benjamin  Hazelt.aged 
16,  and  James  Hazell,  aged  15, 
were  indicted  for  the  wilful  mur- 
der of  Walsingham  Hazell,  on  the 
17th  of  January  last,  at  Dundry. 

The  deceaaed  was  a  farmer,  about 
04  years  of  age,  residing  at  a  farm- 
hoQse  at  Dundry ;  the  inmates  of 
his  house  being  himself,  his  sis- 
ters, the  two  prisoners  at  the  bar, 
who  were  his  nephews,  bis  grand- 
child, and  a  farm  workman  of  the 
name  of  Vowles.  On  Monday,  the 
17thof  January,  the  deceased  dined 
with  his  two  nephews  about  one 
o'clock.  After  dinner,  according 
to  his  usual  custom,  be  took  his 
cup  of  cider  and  smoked  his  pipe ; 
and  shortly  afterwards  he  leu  nis 
house,  and,  as  it  turned  out,  never 
to  return  to  it  alive.  About  half- 
past  three  o'clock  that  afternoon  he 
was  seen  to  go  along  the  rick-bar- 
ton in  the  direction  of  the  colt- 
house,  where  he  joined  the  two 
prisoners.  That  was  the  last  time 
he  was  seen  a  living  man.  As  the 
deceased  did  not  come  into  his 
house  that  evening,  persons  were 
sent  in  search  of  him,  and  that 
search,  was  continued  during  the 
following  day ;  no  tidings,  however, 
could  be  heard  of  him.  On  the 
Thursday,  however,  it  seemed  that 
some  man  had  had  a  dream  that 


the  body  had  been  found  in  an  old 
well  on  the  premises.  This  well 
had  not  been  searched,  because  it 
had  a  wooden  covering,  upon  which 
was  a  very  large  stone,  and,  as  this 
did  not  appear  to  have  been  re- 
moved, and  as  no  suspicion  vras 
then  entertained  about  a  murder, 
it  was  evident  that  the  deceased 
could  not  have  fallen  in  or  have 
thrown  himself  into  that  well. 
This  dream  was  communicated  to 
a  man  named  Capel,  who  worked 
upon  Hazell's  premises,  and,  in 
consequence,  he  and  others  went 
to  the  well  and  took  away  the 
stone  and  removed  the  wooden  co- 
vering, and  npon  looking  down 
into  the  well  they  perceived  some- 
thing which  induced  them  to  let 
Capel  down,  and  at  the  bottom  he 
found  the  body  of  his  deceased 
roaster.  It  was  drawn  up,  and  a 
surgeon  was  sent  for.  He  ex- 
amined the  head,  and  found  upon 
it  several  very  severe  wounds, 
many  of  wiiich  would  have  caused 
death.  There  was  a  great  deal  of 
blood  upon  the  clothes  and  face, 
and  in  the  blood  were  sticking  a 
quantity  of  hay  seeds,  which  in- 
duced die  surgeon  to  consider  that 
the  death  must  have  taken  place 
in  the  stable,  or  somewhere  where 
there  was  hay.  This  led  to  a  mi- 
nute examination  of  the  stable, 
which  was  very  dark.  Under  the 
manger  blood  was  seen.  Upon 
scraping  there  a  loose  brick  was 
found,  and  upon  taking  that  up  a 
pool  of  blood  was  seen  under  the 
spot  where  the  brick  had  been.  The 
lower  parts  of  the  stone  wall  were 
saturated  with  blood.  It  was  now 
evident  that  the  deceased  had  been 
murdered  in  the  stable,  and  after- 
wards thrown  into  the  well.  The 
search  now,  therefore,  was  renewed 
with  far  greater  particularity  than 
heretofore.  The  origioal  search 
had  been  to  discover  uie  deceased, 


48              ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

either  dead  or  alive;  it  nas  now  make  people  believe  we  did  it" 
with  a  view  of  finding  out  a  moat  On  a  aubsequeat  occasion,  the  31st 
fearful  eceue  of  blood  and  murder,  of  Januair,  James  said,  "  I  hope 
In  the  stable  there  nas  a  kind  of  we  ehatl  be  let  looee  on  Wednee- 
ladder,  which  appeared  to  have  day."  Bei^amin  aaid,  "I  ho^  we 
been  used  in  dragging  or  unying  eball."  James  said,  "  They  can't 
the  body  horn  the  stable  to  the  bring  it  right  yet,  can  'em?" 
well.  In  the  thatch  of  the  loft  Benjamin  said,  "  They  can't  briag 
above  the  stable  the  umbrella  of  it  in  that  we  did  it."  On  the  lat 
the  deceased  had  been  thrust,  and  of  Februaiy  Bei^amin  said, "  Mind 
this  umbrella  the  deceased  was  what  be  told  us."  Itwaa  stated 
carrying  at  the  time  he  was  last  that  there  had  never  been  any 
seen  in  the  rick-barton.  Id  a  quarrel  between  the  deceased  and 
dungheap  in  the  yard  a  very  large  the  prisouers,  but  that  the  de- 
stick— a  moat  formidable  weapon  ceased  had,  shortly  before  his 
— was  found ;  on  it  was  blood,  and  death,  expressed  hu  satisfaction 
two  or  three  gray  hairs  were  stick-  of  the  prisoners'  conduct.  No  mo- 
ing  to  the  blood.  tive  whatever  was  suggested  as  in- 
The  prisoners  were  in  custody  ducing  the  prisoueiB  to  commit 
at  Bedminster,  they  were  confined  such  an  act. 
in  two  separate  cells,  which  were  The  Jury  found  the  prisoners 
44  feet  apart — the  officers  were  "  Not  Guilty." 
instructed  not  to  listen  to  what  —  Ths  Chabtist  Hiotkbb.— 
prisoners  said,  but,  if  they  spoke  Central  CrimifMl  Court. — Fifteen 
so  loud  that  they  could  not  avoid  persons,  mostly  youths  of  firom  13 
bearing  them,  the  officers  were  to  to  SiO  years  of  age,  were  indicted  for 
take  down  what  was  said  in  writ-  breaking  and  entering  the  dwell- 
ing. On  one  occasion  the  pri-  ing-house  of  Thomas  Gray,  and 
Bonera  were  talking  veiy  loud,  stealing  eight  gold  chains,  value 
and  then  the  officer  drew  near  iiiil. ;  16  pairs  of  spectacles,  value 
and  listened,  and  beard  James  131.;  28  brooches,  value  48i.;  300 
say,  "  They 've  not  found  out  any-  watches,  value  3001.;  187  rings, 
thing  gainst  us  yet,  have  they  ?"  value  100/. ;  and  other  articles  of 
Benjamm  said,  "  No ;  nor  diey  jewellery,  his  property. 
can't  do  it,  and  I  hope  we  shall  be  Mr.  Bodkin,  who  conducted  the 
at  liberty  to-morrow."  James  said,  prosecution,  said  the  prisoners  were 
"I  hope  to  the  Lord  we  shall."  all  charged  with  tne  offence  of 
Beifiamin  said,  "Mind,  if  they  forcibly  breakiog  into  the  house  of 
ask  us  anything,  we  did  not  see  one  of  her  M^esty'a  subjects,  and 
him  after  he  left  the  colthouse  stripping  it  of  its  contents ;  and  it 
door  and  went  out  of  the  barton-  womd  be  idle  to  attempt  to  conceal 
gate,  between  3  and  4  o'clock ;  and  from  them  that  the  act  in  question 
u  they  ask  us  whether  we  know  was  the  result  or  rather  a  corollary 
the  umbrella,  we  don't  know  it;  ofapoliticalmeedngof aparticular 
and  if  they  ask  us  what  colour  it  character,  which  was  held  on  Een- 
18,  we  don't  know."  James  said,  nington  Common  on  Monday,  the ' 
"  It 's  that  Paul  Stallard  that  'b  13th  of  March  ;  and,  under  the 
getting  all  he  can  against  us."  drcumstancea,  the  Government 
Beiyamin  said,  "  Any  one  else  felt  it  to  be  their  duty  to  con- 
could  put  that  stick  and  umbrella  duct  the  present  prosecution, 
where  Jack  Hull  found  them,  to  The  right  of  meeting  to  petition 


APRIL]                 CHRONICLE.  49 

the  Crown  and  Legislature  v&a  no  in  the  day  he  had  retired  nith  his 

doubt  a  most  important  privilege,  family  to  a  private  house  adjoining 

but,  like  all  other  privilegefl.  it  was  bis  shop,  but  with  which  there  was 

Buhjecttorestrictionbjthecommon  an  interael  communication.     The 

and  statute  law  of  the  land ;  and  if  first  notification  he  received  of  an; 

such  meetings  were  conducted  in  a  intention  of  violence  wasfinding  the 

manner  to    excite    alarm  in   the  fan-light  smashed  in  over  bia  door, 

minds  of  Her  Majesty's  subjects,  and  very  soon  afterwards  the  mob 

and  to  give  an  opportunity  to  per-  smashed  in  the  whole  iront  of  tbe 

eons  such  as  tbey  saw  before  them  shop,  forced  tbeir  way  in,  made 

to  commit  offences  of  this  descrip-  themselves  masters  of  tbe  place, 

tion,  it  was  perfectly  clear  that  the  and  before  anything  could  be  done 

law  could  not  permit  them  to  be  to  prevent  them,  the  police  of  tbe 

continued,  and  that,  indeed,  they  district  having  been  called  away  to 

ought  not  to  be  permitted  to  con-  a  position  nearer  to  tbe  place  of 

tinue    in   any  civilized    country,  the  intended  meeting,  tbe  whole 

Whatever  were  tbe  avowed  objects  of  the  valuable  property  on  the 

of  tbe  persons  calling  these  meet-  spot,  and  which  was  estimated  to 

ings,  it  must  be  perfectly  clear  to  bewDrthDearlyl,OOOf., was  carried 

tbem,  that  the  assemblf^e  of  lai^e  away,  and  none  of  it  had  since  been 

numbers  of  persons  in  a  metropolis  recovered.    He  should  not  be  able 

like  this  would  necessarily  give  an  to  trace  tbe  possession  of  any  of 

opportunity  to  that  numerous  dasa  the  property  to  the  prisoners,  but 

of  persons  which  generally  were  to  he  snoidd  show  that  the  whole  of 

be  found  in  such  places,  and  wbo  them  were  present  when  tbe  attack 

preferred  to  live  by  plunder  and  was  made  upon  tbe  house,  or  im- 

violence    rather   than   adopt    any  mediately  afterwards ;  and  he  ap- 

bouest  pursuit,  to  profit  by  the  prehended  that  the  principle  of 

alarm  and  terror  which  such  as-  law  was  that  all  persons  who  were 

semblages  were  sore  to  create,  to  present  and  assisted  in  carrying 

plunder  the  public.    It  was  com-  out  an  unlawful  act  of  this  descrip- 

paratively  easy  for  sucb  persons  tion,  by  such  presence  were  aiders 

to  separate  themselves  &om  the  and  abettors  m  the  offence,  and 

main  body  of  the  meeting,  and  to  were  all  equally  guilty  in  the  eye 

proceed  in  bodies  of  400  and  500,  of  tbe  law.  - 

spreading  terror  and  dread  where-  Mr.  T.  Gray  spoke  to  the  cir- 
ever  they  went,  and  robbing  Her  cumstances  under  which  the  attack 
Majesty's  subjects.  That  was  the  was  made  upon  bis  house.  He 
case  in  tbe  present  instance.  A  said  that,  having  secured  tbe  door 
bodyof400or600rabble8eparated  and  shutters  of  his  ebop,  he  bad 
from  the  meeting  at  Eennington  retired  to  his  private  residence  ad- 
Common,  and  among  them  were  joining,  when  be  heard  the  mob 
the  prisoners.  They  proceeded  to  coming  down  tbe  street.  The  first 
Southampton  Street.  Camberwell,  thing  they  did  was  to  break  tbe 
and  in  that  street  tbe  prosecntor,  fanlight  over  the  door,  and  after 
who  is  a  pawnbroker,  carried  on  this  they  retreated  a  short  distance, 
his  business.  He  had  received  an  when  he  heard  some  one  say, 
intimation  of  tbe  approach  of  the  ■'  Let's  make  a  smash  and  go  in 
mob,  and  took  tbe  precaution  of  here,"  and  the  mob  immediately 
cloeinghisshop,andaboutl2o'clock  began  to  batter  down  tbe  shutters 
Voi,  XC.  E 


60 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


and  door  with  hatchets,  bars  of 
iron,  hammers,  and  other  weapons, 
and  they  soon  forced  their  way  in. 
The  prosecutor  ran  out  the  back 
way  to  fetch  the  police,  and  when 
he  returned  the  work  of  demolilion 
was  complete,  and  he  found  hia 
shop  stripped  of  everything  it  con- 
tuned — watches,  rings,  brooches, 
money,  all  bad  been  removed,  the 
value  being  estimated  at  more  than 
9001.  Other  evidence  was  given 
connecting  the  prisoners  wit£  the 
outrage. 

The  jury  acquitted  four  of  the 
prisoners,  and  found  all  the  others 
ffttUty. 

Two  of  them,  who  were  known ' 
thieves,  and  had  twice  before  been 
convicted,  were  sentenced  to  he 
transported  for  14  years ;  the 
others,  to  transportation  for  7  years. 

—  PiraotandMassacbeomthe 
Gbheral  Wood.  —  Intelligence 
has  been  received  of  the  loss,  in 
January  last,  of  the  General  Wood, 
convict  ship,  having  on  board  91 
Chinese  convicts,  ajHirty  of  soldiers, 
and  some  passengers.  It  was  at 
first  stated  that  the  ship  had 
foundered,  and  that  all  hands  were 
lost :  hut,  upon  further  inquiry,  it 
turned  out  that  the  ship  ivas  run 
aground  by  the  convicts  themselves, 
uter  a  successful  mutiny.  The 
convicts,  armed  with  wood  billets, 
got  access  to  the  arms-chest,  and 
then  slaughtered  every  officer  and 
Lascar  aboard,  except  one  or 
two  whom  they  made  to  steer  the 
ship.  The  captain  lost  presence 
of  mind,  and  was  slain  early;  but 
the  second  mate,  a  youth  named 
Gills,  fought  with  extraordinary 
determination,  and  slew  numbers 
of  hia  asBiulants  before  he  was  dis- 
abled. Lieutenant  Seymour  and 
his  wife  were  saved,  as  passengers; 
the  first  having  been  driven  over- 
board, and  forced  to  hang  in  the 


water  by  the  rudder  for  a  whole 
night  The  shin  was  run  aground 
on  rocks  near  the  island  of  Bun- 
garow :  the  greater  part  of  the 
convicts  were  recaptured  by  the 
Malays,  and  put  under  guard  for 
the  English  authorities.  Some 
thirty,  however,  gained  boats,  and 
escaped ;  but,  pursuit  from  Singa- 
pore and  Penang  being  imme- 
diately set  on  foot,  the  runaways 
were  hunted  down  and  nearly  all 
recaptured. 

10,  The  Great  Chabttst  De- 
monstration.— Averf  painful  feel- 
ing had  for  some  time  past  per- 
vaded the  metropolis,  and  the 
greatest  anxiety  was  felt  in  evety 

Sart  of  the  country,  owing  to  the 
etermination  of  the  leaders  of  the 
chartists  to  have  a  grand  demon- 
stration of  their  forces.  The  pre- 
tence for  this  assemblage  was  the 
presentation  to  Parliament  of  the 
great  national  petition,  the  signa- 
tures to  which  were  said  to  number 
nearly  five  millions !  The  meeting 
was  appointed  to  take  place  on 
Kennington  Common,  by  the  ge- 
neral assembly  of  all  the  chartists 
in  the  kingdom,  not  by  delegation, 
but  by  their  personu  individual 

tiresence.  The  numbers  to  be  col- 
ected  together  were  estimated  at 
150,000.  Whatever  confidence  the 
community  might  feel  in  the 
stability  of  our  institutions,  it  was 
impossible  to  view  without  alarm 
so  immense  a  multitude ;  and, 
considering  the  lamentable  occur- 
rences in  nearly  every  capital  in 
Europe,  no  man  could  pretend  to 
guess  what  might  be  the  fortuitous 
results  of  the  assemblage.  The 
real  leaders  of  the  multitude  were 
probably  no  vrays  desirous  of  a  na- 
tional convulsion,  but  many  of  the 
chief  speakers  had  held  language 
which  proved  them  ready  for  any 
mischief. 


APRIL] 


CHRONICLE. 


51 


The  Government  were  reaolTed 
tfl  check  this  great  danger  hy  the 
most  6rm  and  resolute  proceediugs. 
Some  days  previous,  the  following 
notice  wae  extensively  placardea 
throughout  London : — 

"  NOTICI. 

"  WheresB  the  uaemblige  of  luge 
Dumben  of  people,  accompaaied  <titb  cir. 
cudulaiicet  tendiog  to  eicile  Isrror  and 
■lu-m  in  the  mindi  of  her  MajeKy'i  lub- 
jecli,  ii  cHininal  and  unlawful: 

"  And  nhereu  not  only  thon  penom 
who  take  an  active  pait  in  luch  ■■- 
Kmblage,  but  thoie  alio  who  bj  their 
preaence  nilfiill;  counlcnaoce  it,  are  act- 
ing coDtrary  to  law,  and  are  liable  to 
puniihment ;  and  wheieai,  by  an  act  of 
Parliament,  pawed  in  the  ISthyearonhe 
rei^  of  hii  late  Majesty  King  Cbarlea  II., 
eotilled  "  An  act  againat  lumulla  aod 
diurden,  upon  pretence  of  preparing  or 
preaenliafi;  public:  petilloni  or  other  ad- 
drenea  lo  hia  Majesty  in  Ibe  Parliament," 
it  was  eoBcted,  that  no  peiton  or  penona 
■hatioever  shall  repair  10  his  M^eMy,  or 
both  or  either  of  the  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment, upon  pretence  of  presenting  or 
delivering  any  petition,  c 
atnnce.  or  decuralion.  oi 
accompanied  with  eicei 
people,  nor  at  any  one  lime  with  above 
the  Dumber  of  ten  persons  ; 

"  And  whereas  a  meeting  has  been 
called  to  BHtmhle  on  Monday  next,  the 
10th  instsjit,  at  KenoinKton  Common,  and 
it  is  announced,  in  the  printed  nolicea 
calling  such  meeting,  that  it  ii  intended 
by  ceitun  peraons  to  repair  thence  in 
proceaaion  10  the  House  of  Commons, 
accompanied  with  eiceniie  numben  of 
the  people,  upon  pretence  of  presenting  a 

Ction  to  the  Commons  House  of  Ex- 
tent t  and  whereas  information  has 
be«n  received  that  peisom  have  been 
•diised  to  procure  arms  and  weapoDii,  with 
the  purpose  of  canying  the  seme  in  such 
procession ;  and  whereas  such  proposed 
prooession  is  calculated  to  eieile  terror  and 
altno  in  the  minds  of  her  Majesty's  sub- 

"  AH  penoni  are  hereby  cautioned  and 
strictly  enjoined  not  lo  aUeod  or  take  part 
io  or  be  present  at  any  such  ataeiDblage 
or  procesaion. 

"  And  all  well  disposed  penons  are 
herebjp  ailed  upon  and  required  to  aid  in 
mfbtcmg  tbe  proviuon*  ot  the  law,  and 


effectually  to  protect  the  public  peace,  »nd 
Buppren  any  attempt  at  the  duturbaoce 

"  C.  Rowan, 

"  H.  MilYNB, 

"  Commiidoaen  of  the  Police  of  Ibe 
Metropolis. 
"  Metropolitan  Police  Office, 
Whitehall  Place,  April  6,  1848." 

The  measures  of  the  Govern- 
ment were  eqnallj  forbearing  and 
resolute.  It  was  announced  that 
no  opposition  would  he  made  to 
the  constitutional  right  of  meeting 
to  petition,  nor  to  the  proper  pre- 
sentation of  tbe  petition;  the  mee^ 
ing  would  be  aUowed  to  be  held, 
but  if  the  assemblage  should  at- 
tempt to  pass  in  its  return  in  an 
organized  procession,  Her  Majesty's 
Government  were  resolved  to  stop 
BO  dangerous  and  illegal  a  proceed- 
ing by  force  of  arms. 

Great  preparations  were  accord- 
ingly made.  The  inhabitants  gene- 
rally, along  the  lines  of  thorough- 
fare converging  to  Eenningtoa 
Common,  kept  close  houses — doors 
and  vrindowB  shut,  and  in  some 
instances  barricaded  for  stout  de- 
fence. The  measures  of  Govern- 
ment, devised  and  personally 
worked  by  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton, were  on  a  large  and  complete 
scale,  though  so  arranged  as  not  to 
obtrude  themselves  needlessly  on 
the  view.  The  Thames'  bridges 
were  the  miun  points  of  concentra- 
tion ;  bodies  of  foot  and  horse 
police,  and  asaistant  masses  of 
special  constablea,  being  posted  at 
their  approaches  on  either  side. 
In  the  immediate  neighbourhood 
of  each  of  them,  within  call,  a 
strong  force  of  military  was  kept 
ready  for  instant  movement — at 
Blackfriars  Bridge,  Chelsea  Pen- 
sioners. &c. ;  at  Waterloo  Bridge, 
Horse  Guards,  Marines,  Ac;  at 
Westminster  Bridge,  horse,  foot, 
and  artillery.    Two  regiments  of 

E   8  -     ■    ■  .^■- 


fi2               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

the  line  were  lept  in  hand  at  accompanied  "the  National  Con- 
Milbank  Penitentiary;  1300  in-  vention"  from  its  ball,  in  John 
iantry  at  Deptford  Dockyards,  and  Street,  Fitzroy  Square, 
thirty  mecea  of  heavy  field  ordnance  "  The  Convention  "  held  aaitting 
at  the  Tower,  all  ready  for  transport  in  the  morning,  after  which  they 
by hiredBteamers,toanyBpot where  took  their  places  in  the  great  car 
serious  buBinoBB  might  threaten.  At  prepared  to  convey  them  to  the 
other  placoB,  also,  bodies  of  troops  Common;  Mr.  O'Connor  and  Mr. 
were  posted,  out  of  sight,  but  within  Ernest  Jones  in  the  front  rank, 
sudden  command, — as  in  the  great  The  car  was  so  spacious  that  the 
area  of  the  untenanted  Rose  Inn  whole  Convention,  and  all  the  re- 
Yard,  at  the  end  of  Farringdon  porters  who  attended  it,  found  easy 
Street ;  in  the  inclosure  of  Bride-  accommodation.  It  was  drawn  by 
well  Prison ;  and  in  several  points  sis  fine  horses.  Another  car,  drawn 
of  'vantage  immediately  round  Ken-  by  four  horses,  contained  the  mon- 
nington  Conunon  itself.  The  public  ster  petition  te  Parliament  for  the 
offices  at  the  West  End,  at  Somer-  enactment  of  the  People's  Charter, 
set  House,  and  in  the  City,  were  Banners,  with  appropriate  Chartist 
profusely  furnished  with  arms ;  and  sentences  and  devices,  were  abun- 
8uch  places  as  the  Bank  of  England  dsnt;  one,  of  a  singular  character, 
were  pocked  with  troops  and  artil-  bearing  these  words  only — "And 
leiy,  and  strengthened  with  sand-  Guizot  laughed  immoderately." 
ha%  parapets  on  their  walls  and  The  Convention  passed  down  HoJ- 
timber  barricadinga  of  their  win-  born,  over  Blackfriara  Bridge,  and 
dowB,  each  pierced  with  loop-holes  arrived  without  any  incident  at 
for  the  fire  of  defensive  musketry.  Eennington  Common.     The  great 

In  addition  to  the  regular  civil  mass  of  their  adherents  were  al- 
and military  force,  it  is  credibly  ready  assembled, 
estimated  that  at  least  170,000  At  first  view  the  Common  ap- 
special'  constables  were  sworn  and  peered  covered  with  human  beings; 
organized  throughout  the  metro-  after  drawing  into  their  station, 
polia,  for  the  stationaiy  defence  of  however,  and  the  concentration  of 
their  own  districts,  or  as  moveable  the  scattered  people,  the  meeting 
bodies  to  cooperate  with  the  sol-  must  have  seemed,  even  to  the 
diery  and  police.  delegates  themselves,  a  numerical 

"  The  Chartists,"  or  those   in-  failure.     The  accounts  of  the  num- 

tending  to  figure  in  that  character,  berspresenttake  the  usual  licenceof 

assembled  at  various  points — Bus-  variation,  from  l&.OOQ  to  150,000. 

sell  Square,  FinsburySquare.Cierk-  The  opinions  of  military  men,  who 

enwell  Green,  Whitechapel,  &c.,  at  specifically  estimated  die  meeting 

about  nine  o'clock,  and  so  timed  on  behalf  of  Government,  give  as 

their  movements  that  the  whole  an  extreme  estimate  for  those  who 

body    passed     successively     over  in  any  way  joined  the  meeting  on 

Blackfriare   and  London  Bridges  the  Common,  23,000;    the  addi- 

in   very  good  order.     The    most  tional  persons  on  every  point  within 

numerous  single  body  was  one  of  BightoftheCommon.BomeBevento 

about   6000,  which   passed  over  ten  thousand  more. 

London  Bridge  from  the  eastern  The  two  cars  having  taken  posi- 

districts  ;  hut  the  most  attractive  tion,  a  police  inspector,  of  gigantic 

was  that  of  about  1700,   which  stature  and  good-natured  aspect. 


APEIL]                  CHRONICLE.  63 

vaa   seen    pressing   through  the  to  be  taken  to  the  Commons  Hoosd 

crowd  towards  Mr,  O'Connor's  ve-  of  Parliament, 

hicle.     Arrived  there,  he  delivered  On  the  return  of  the  general 

a  message,  that  the  Commissioners  Chartist  crowd  towards  town,  thej 

of  Police  desired  Mr.  O'Connor's  found  the  police  drawn  up  on  the 

attendance  for  a  short  time,  near  bridges  and  approaches,  in  deep 

the  Horns  Tavern.    Mr.  O'Connor  ranl^,   and    all    passage    denied, 

alighted    immediately,   with    Mr.  The  brii^ee  were  closed  for  a  con- 

M'Grath,  and  passed  through  the  siderable  time,  and  there  was  much 

crowd,     the     inspector     swaying  struggling  and  violent  endeavour 

through  the  massea  as  if  merely  to  force  a  crossing.    Some  slight 

striding  through  com  in  a  field,  combating  ensued,  and  in  a  few 

As  they  went,  a  ciy  was  raised  by  instances  heads  were  broken.  After 

some  that  the  leader  was  deserting;  a  time,  however,  the  crowd  were 

othere  imagined  that  be  was  ar-  turned  back,  and  manoeuvred  into 

rest«d;  and  a  desperate  rush  was  detached  masses;  and  then  small 

made  at  Mr.   O'Connor  and  Mr.  parties  of  not  more  than  ten  each 

M'Grath,    apparently    with    very  were  allowed  to  pass.     Soon  after 

fierce  intentions.     Both  the  gen-  three  o'clock  all  violence  had  snb- 

tlemen's    faces    blanched  visibly,  sided,  and  the  great  mass  of  pro- 

and  at  one  moment  they  seemed  cessionists  and  spectators  passed 

nigh  to  fainting.     They  were  pro-  avray. 

tected,   however,   by   those   near  Thus  ended,  amidst  acorn  and 

them,  and  got  safely  to  Mr.  Com-  ridicule,   a   demonstration  which 

miasioner  Mayne.    It  was  intimated  was  well  calculated  to  overthrow 

by  Mr.  Mayne,  that  the  meeting  aU  the  existing  institutions  of  the 

had  been  intentionally  allowed  to  state,  and  reduce  this  country  to 

assemble   on   the  Common,  and  the   anarchy  of   the    continental 

that  it   would  not  be  interfered  states. 

with  if  Mr.  O'Connor  would  engage  The  event  of  this  day  produced 

for  its  peaceable  character ;   but  a  most  powerful  effect,  not  only  in 

that  a  return  in  procession  would  England,  but  throughout  Europe, 

be  stopped  at  all  hazards,  and  by  The  dangerous  aasembls^e  was  put 

adequate   means.    Mr.   O'Connor  down,  not  by  the  troops,  nor  even 

engaged    for   the   peace    of   the  by  the  police,  but  ^  the  peoplt 

meeting,  giving  bis  hand  to  Mr.  themselves — by  the   zealous  and 

Mayne  in  pledge,  and  then  re-  almost   unanimous   determination 

turned  to  his  place  in  the  car.  of  all  classes  that  such  proceed- 

This  resolute  announcement  had  ings  should  not  be  permitted, 
the  effect  of  completely  stopping  all  The  finishing  blow  to  the  mis- 
tbe  intended  proceedings.  Some  chievous  des^s  of  the  Chartists 
squabbling  took  place  among  the  was  given  W  the  result  of  the  pre- 
leaders,  and  a  few  fiery  zealots  aentation  of  the  so-called  National 
among  the  crowd  harangued  their  Petition.  In  the  House  of  Corn- 
neighbours  in  violent  language ;  mona  the  petition  underwent  a 
but  the  meeting  broke  up  iu  the  scrutiny  which  its  presenters  had 
most  desnltoiy  manner;  the  ban-  not  calcnlated  upon.  Averycur- 
ners  and  flags  were  rolled  up,  and  soiy^lance  reduced  the  number  of 
the  great  petition  consigned  to  the  signatures  from  five  millions  to 
humble  conveyance  of  three  cabs,  about  a  million  and  a  half.     Of 


54               ANNUAL     REGISTER.  [1848 

these  noflnull  number  were  impu-  of  the  Omc^a.coDtainiDg  the  second 

dent    impositions ;    the    Duke  of  m&te  anil  four  of  the  crew,  was 

WeUiogton's  name  was   attached  swamped,  and  oil  in  her  perished. 

toitseTenteentimes.thatofColonel  For  several  days  more  the  Omega 

Sibthorp    about    &    dozen    times,  continued  to  be  driven  about,  when 

Lord  John    Russell,    Sir    Robert  she  was  fallen  in  with  by  the  br^ 

Peel,    Her  M^esty,   and    Prince  Barbara,  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  her 

Albert,  and  many  other  great  per-  passage  to  Cork  from  New  York, 

eons^es,  according  to  this  veracious  with  a  cai^o  of  Indian  com.     The 

document,  were  numbered  among  master  instantly  offered  all  assiat- 

the   wannest   supporters    of   the  ance  in  his  power ;  and,  to  render 

Charter — so  warm,  indeed,  that  that  assistance  most  effective,  he 

they   had   each   appended    their  caused  part  of  his  cai^  to  be 

Bignature  several  times.     A  large  thrown  overboard,  to  make  room 

number    of    apparent    signatures  for  the  emigrants,  of  whom  IBO 

turned  out  to  be  obscene  and  dis-  were  got  on  board,  together  with 

gusting  words,  cant  phrases,  and  two    casks  of    water.     This    had 

gross  ribaldry.    The  presentation  hardly  been  accomplished  when  a 

fed  to  a  personal  squabble  between  gale  sprang  up,  sn4  the  Barbara, 

Mr.    CnppB    and    Mr.     Feargua  for  her  own  safety,  was  obliged  to 

O'Connor,  and  the  thing  and  its  leave  the  Omega,  with  the  master, 

conooctors  were  covered  with  scorn  mate,  and  eight  seamen,  and  35 

and  ridicule.  ^seiigers  still  on   board.    The 

—  WsEos    OF   AN    EmaKAKT  Barbara  was  soon  lost  sight  of. 

Ship  ;  qreat  Lobs  of  Life. — In-  Two  days  afterwards  a  third  vessel 

telligenee  has  been  received  of  the  bore  down  to  her  assistance,  namely 

loss  of  the  English  emigrant  ship  the  British  hark  Highland  Mary, 

Omega,    1377  tons,  which  sailed  from  Liverpool.  With  considerable 

from   Liverpool    on   the    16lh  of  difficulty  the  remainder  of  the  emi- 

Jannary  last,  with  316  emigrants  grants,  with  Mr.  Carrick,  the  com- 

for  New  York;   and  also  t^t  of  mander,  and  his  crew,  were  rescued 

the  Barbara,  of  Nova  Scotia.  from  the  iU-fsted  vessel. 

The  Omega,  besides  815  eroi-  The  Aurora  arrived  at  Hali&x 
grants  on  board,  had  a  crew  of  on  the  2Qth  of  February,  having 
about  30  hands.  During  the  first  lost  TO  of  her  ill'fated  passengers 
two  weeks  of  her  voyage  the  from  privation  and  overcrowding, 
weather  was  extremely  fine;  but  The  most  distressing  event,  how- 
she  subsequently  encountered  se-  ever,  is  yet  to  be  detiuled.  When 
vers  galea,  lost  her  masts  and  the  vessel  Barbara  met  with  the 
spars,  and  became  unmanageable.  Omega,  the  former  had  but  a  few 
On  the  17th  of  February  she  was  days'  supply  of  water ;  and  as  they 
fallen  in  with  by  the  bark  Aurora,  succeeded  in  getting  only  two  caska 
from  Wales,  bound  to  St  John's,  from  the  wreck,  the  large  addition 
New  Brunswick,  in  ballast.  It  to  the  number  of  her  crew  caused 
was  decided  that  the  passengers  the  want  of  this  most  necessary 
and  crew  of  the  Omega  should  be  article  to  be  immediately  and  ae- 
put  on  board  of  the  bark ;  about  verely  felt — so  much  so,  indeed, 
ISOof  the  passengers  got  on  board;  that  many  were  compelled  to  eat 
but  the  weather  became  tem-  ice  and  drink  salt  water.  At  this 
pestuona,  and  one  of   &e  boats  critical  period  a  home-bound  steamer 


APRIL]                  CHRONICLE.  55 

hove  in  Bight,  when  signals  of  dis-  It  is  sad  to  relate  that,  had  the 

trass  were  made.  The  steamer  bore  emigrants  remained  on  board  tha 

down  to  within  10  or  15  jardsof  the  Omega,  they  would  probably  have 

Barbara,  when  the  master  of  the  been  all  saved ;  for  the  Teasel  was 

latt^rvessel  acquainted  the  steamer  afterwards  fallen  in  with  perfectly 

that  there  were  l&O  persons  on  soimd. 

board  dying  for  want  of  water.   The  17.  Murder  ikWesthihstkb. — 

gale  was  too  high  for  commiinica-  William  Tomkins,  aged  35,  a  man 

tion,  and  the  steamer  could  only  in  the  employment  of  Mt.  Thome, 

nignaJize  that  land  was  close  at  the  extensive  ale  and  porter  brewer, 

huid.     The    wind,   however,   was  was  examined  at  the  Westminster 

blowing  off  the  land  so  strongly  at  Police  Coort,  charged  with  the  wil- 

tfae  time  that  it  was  impossible  to  fnl  murder  of  Maria  Eadon,  37   . 

make  it.    She  then  bore  for  the  years  old,  by  stabbing  her  with  a 

small  harbour  of  Sencios ;  but  in  knife  ia  the  neck  on  Sunday  mom- 

the  coarse  of  the  night,  in  wearing  ing  last. 

ship,  she  lost  two  boats.  On  the  The  prisoner,  who  had  been  in  a 
weather  somewhat  moderating,  she  very  low,  desponding  state  since  the 
succeeded  in  gaining  the  harbour;  moment  that  he  was  taken  into 
and  the  captain,  seeing  several  custody,  on  being  brought  into 
boats  near,  requested  them  to  ob-  court  trembled  from  head  to  foot, 
tain  the  assistance  of  some  pilots,  He  was  so  agitated  on  ascending 
in  order  to  place  the  vessel  in  safe  the  atepa  of  the  dock  that  he  was 
anchorage.  The  boats  went  ashore,  compelled  to  ait  down,  in  which 
and  on  their  rettun  announced  the  position  he  remained  during  the 
refusal  of  the  pilots  to  come  off.  greater  part  of  the  examination. 
The  captain  then  attempted  a  Alexander  Robson,  170  B. — 
course  for  St.  John's,  and  in  doing  AboutSO minutes  tooneo'clockyes- 
so.  it  is  supposed,  mistook  Heart's  terday  morning  I  was  on  duty  in 
Point  (near  Petty  Barbour)  for  Regent  Street,  Westminster,  and 
Cape  Spear,  where  they  became  hearing  "Police  "called  in  Vincent 
becalmed,  and  were  carried  by  the  Street,  I  ran  to  the  spot,  and  was 
current  ashore.  SO  of  the  passen-  told  bv  the  witness  Keene  that  a 
gera  contrived  to  gain  the  cliffs  by  man  had  stabbed  a  woman.  I 
crawling  along  the  bowsprit  The  went  to  the  place  pointed  out,  the 
tide  and  the  wind  carried  the  vessel  gutter  of  the  street,  and  found  a 
further  up  the  coast;  she  struck  woman  dying.  She  was  inssnsible. 
heavily  on  the  edge  of  a  rock,  She  was  not  bleeding.  We  took 
and  stove  her  bottom  in.  30  more  her  to  Mr.  Pearse,  the  surgeon  of 
passengers  managed  to  reach  the  the  B  division,  who  found  that  she 
rocks  in  safety;  but  immediately  was  dead.  She  was  afterwards  con- 
afterwards  the  vessel  fell  over  on  veyed  to  St.  Margaret's  workhouse, 
her  side,  went  down,  and  carried  Arthur  Keene,  Royal  depart- 
with  her  115  man,  women,  and  mentofEngineetB,ll,PageStreet, 
children,  all  of  whom  perished^  Westminster. — At  about  half-past 
Many  of  those  who  succeeded  in  12,onSundayinoming,IwBsatthe 
gaining  the  shore  before  the  vessel  comer  of  Vincent  Street  and  Re- 
struck,  perished  in  tbe  eoune  of  gent  Street,  when  I  heard  a  fiiint 
the  following  night  from  exhaustion  cry  or  screech,  but  nothing  that 
and  exposure  to  an  intense  frost  wotild  attmct  any  suspicion.      I 


66  ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

went  down  Vincent  Street  in  the  "  Call  the  police,  111  give  mTself 
direction  from  which  the  cry  pro-  up."  The  police  and  othere  had 
ceeded,  and  I  saw  a  figure  at  a  then  come  up,  and  lifted  deceased 
dark  part  of  the  atreet,  hut  incoa-  up  agiunat  the  wall.  She  was 
sequence  of  the  darkness  I  can't  alive,  and  opened  her  eyes.  We 
say  whether  it  was  a  man  or  brought  her  over  to  the  lamp  to 
woman.  I  crossed  over  and  went  examine  her,  and  on  opening  her 
in  the  direction  of  the  figure.  At  dress  discovered  a  wouna  below  the 
the  far  end  of  the  street  was  a  throat,  a  little  towards  the  left 
court  Ab  I  approached  I  saw  the  breast.  It  was  such  a  wound  as 
deceased  woman  lying  on  her  face,  this  knife  would  make.  Other  evi- 
with  her  feet  near  the  kerb  stone,  dence  ivaa  given  hy  which  it  ap- 
and  her  head  two  or  three  feet  peared  that  the  prisoner  did  not 
from  it.  Her  anna  were  under  her  attempt  to  deny  his  guilt,  and  be 
aa  she  lay,  and  she  was  completely,  wasfinallycomniittedfor  trial.  He 
as  may  be  said,  buried  on  the  was  tried  May  18th  and  foimd 
ground.  I  paased  her  about  a  guilty.  His  sentence  was  coin- 
yard,  when  1  saw  the  prisoner  muted  to  transportation, 
standing  between  the  pier  of  the  19.  ArrEitPTai)  Sdioide  of  Ton 
gateway  and  a  post  in  the  entrance  Steele. — Poor  Tom  Steele,  O'Con- 
to  the  court  I  asked  him  what  nell's  "head  pacificator,"  in  the 
he  had  been  doing  to  her?  He  days  when  that  crafty  politician 
gave  me  no  answer,  but  came  kept  Ireland  in  a  state  of  constant 
out  a  pace  or  two  towards  me.  I  agitation,  hopeless  of  his  country's 
repeated  my  question,  but  received  regeneration,  and  worn  out  with 
no  answer.  I  asked  "  Was  she  hia  anxiety  on  her  behalf,  attempted 
wife?  and  why  he  did  not  lift  her  to  destroy  himself  by  precipitating 
up?  "  He  went  a  few  feet  towards  himself  from  Waterloo  Bridge  into 
her.  I  had  almost  forgotten  to  the  Thames.  At  a  few  minutes 
say,  that,  before  I  aaked  whether  before  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
she  was  bis  wife,  she  raised  herself  the  unfortunate  man  was  observed 
very  feebly  about  sis  inches  from  to  alight  from  a  cab  in  Wellington 
the  ground,  but  sank  again  imme-  Street,  and  to  pass  on  to  the  bridge, 
diately.  After  walking  towards  her  On  arriving  at  the  second  recesa 
as  I  have  stated,  he  said,  "Maria,  from  theMiddlesex  side,  he  stopped 
why  don't  you  get  up?"  I  kept  suddenly,  took  off  his  cap, — the 
close  to  them;  and  he  then  turned  celebrated  cap  with  which  his  friend 
round  to  me  and  aaid,  "  I  have  O'Connell  crowned  him  in  by-gone 
killed  her;  I  have  stabbed  her  days, — and,  mounting  the  parapet, 
with  that  knife,"  exbibitiug  a  knife  threw  himself  into  the  river.  Hap- 
in  his  left  hand.  pily     a     waterman    was    passing 

[A  formidable  clasp  knife  was  through  the  bridge  at  the  moment 

produced,  which   witness  said  re-  the  unfortunate  man  entered  the 

eembled  the  one  he  saw  in  pri-  water;  he  immediately  pulled  to- 

Boner's  hand.]  wards  him,  and  with  some  difficulty 

He  said  "  I  have  stabbed  her  at  length  succeeded  in  getting  liim 

with  this  knife,"  making  a  motion  into  hia   boat.     The   unfortunate- 

with  the   knife  at   the  time.      I  gentleman  was  taken  ashore  at  the 

waited  a  short  time  for  assistance.  Strand   Lane  Stairs,   and   thence 

and  while  I  was  waiting  he  said,  conveyed  to  King's  College  Uos- 


APRIL]  CHRONICLE.  57 

pital.     There  can  be  no  doubt  tliat  nation  might  not  be  vanting  in  a 

the  veteran  agitator  had  coutem-  general  and  national  ackuowledg- 

plated  the  rash  act  for  some  hours,  ment  of  the  great  disorder  and 

at  least,  as  he  had  been  occupied  jeopardy  in  which  no  are  at  this 

during  the  chief  part  of  the  day  time  placed  by  the  machinations 

in  writing  letters  at  Peel's  cofiee-  of  the  evil-disposed,   and   by  the 

house,  an  establishment  he  was  in  convulsions  which  agitate  foreign 

the  habit  of  occasionally  frequent-  countries,  HerMajestyhos  directed 

ing.    Within  hia  cap,  which,  as  the  following  Form  of  Prayer  to 

above  stated,  he  pkced  on  the  Alkightt  God  for   the  maJnte- 

bridgebeforehethrewhimselfover,  nance  of  peace  and  tranquillity  to 

was  a  small  piece  of  paper  sealed  be  ofTered  up,  immediately  before 

to  the  lining  with  black  wax,  on  the  General  Thanksgiving,  in  all 

which  was  written — "  Tom  Steele,  churches  in  England  and  Ireland 

county  of  Clare,   Ireland."     That  on  this  day  "  Good  Friday,"  and 

Tom  Steele  never,  like  O'Connell  on  the  four  Sunday  following : — 
and  some  others,  made  agitation  a        "OOod,whoaeneTerfailingpro- 

trade,  may  be  gathered  from  the  Tidence  ordereth  all  things  both  in 

fact  that  when  he  came  of  age  be  heaven  and  earth ;  we  Thine  tmwor- 

entered  on  a  beautiful  estate  of  thy  servants  most  humbly  beseech 

15,0001.  or  16,000i.  a  year,  in  the  Thee  to  continue  Thy  favour  to  this 

county  of  Clare.     Twenty  years  of  land,  and  to  preserve  us  alike  from 

amateur  agitation  brought  him  to  foreign  enemies  and  domestic  divi- 

the  Insolvent  Debtors'  Court,  in  sions.     We  acknowledge,  O  Lord, 

Dublin,  where  he  was  opposed  by  that  if  Thou  wert  to  deal  with  us 

the  present  Member  for  Ennis,  the  after  our  sins,  or  reward  us  accord- 

O'Gorman  Mahon.     Having  taken  ing  to   our  iniquities,   we   might 

the  benefit  of  the  Act,  he  came  to  most  justly  have  fallen  under  Thy 

England,  and  has  since  been  living  wrath  and  indignation.     Forin  our 

upon  an  allowance  out  of  his  estate,  prosperi^  we  have  too  much  for- 

Mr.  Steele  took  high  honours  at  gotten  Thee ;  other  lords  besides 

Cambridge,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Thee  have  had  dominion  over  us  ; 

Senate  of  that  University,     The  we  have  offended  against  Thy  holy 

shock  upon  the  system,  combined  laws,  and  have  not  glorified  Thee, 

with  anxie^and  depression,  proved  in  whose  hand  our  breath  is,  and 

fatal,  and  the  unfortunate  gentle-  ithose  are  all  our  ways.    Thou  haat 

man    never  rallied,    but    expired  said  in  Thy  Holy  Word,  that,  when 

very  shortly  after.     It  is  pleasing  Thy  judgments  are  upon  the  earth, 

to  relate  that,  notwithstan^g  Mr.  the  inhabitants  of  the  world  will 

Steele's  many  errors,  his  upr^ht  learn  righieousness ;  and  now  we 

character  had  won  so  mnch  esteem,  beseech  Thee  so  to   incline  the 

that  his  necessities  were  relieved  hearts  of  the  people  of  this  land, 

and  his  last  hours  cheered  by  the  that  they  may  bear  one  another's 

generosity  and  attention   of  some  burthens,  and  follow  the  things 

of  those  against  whom  his  political  that  make  for  peace,  and  have  love 

hostility  had  been  most  inveterstely  one  towards  another.  And  do  Thou, 

directed.  Lord,  of  Thy  great  mercy,  restore 

Ql.  Fork  OP  pRATEB  FOB  Peace,  to  us  such  prosperity,  that  we  may 

—In  order  that  this  people  as  a  not  sow  mnch,  and  bring  in  little. 


s; 


68  ANNUAL    REGISTER,        [1848 

but  that  Thoa  mayest  bless  us  in  of  the  bouses  oti  the  opposite  side 
whatsoever  we  set  our  hand  vmto  ;  of  the  road  made  an  attempt  to 
and  that  our  people  may  eat  their  remove  their  furniture  to  a  more 
own  bread  witb  quietness.  Above  distant  part  for  protection,  but  be- 
all,  teacfa  ua  BO  to  acknowledge  fore  they  had  time  to  save  a  single 
Tbee,  the  Author  and  Giver  of  all  article,  the  flames  fired  the  roofs, 
good,  that  ne  may  live  in  Tby  penetrated  the  windows,  and  in  an 
ndth  and  fear,  setting  our  aSections  instant  the  furniture  in  all  the 
on  things  above,  and  seeking  first  front  rooms,  as  if  by  magic,  burst 
Thy  heavenly  kingdom,  through  forth  into  a  body  of  fire.  The 
Jesus  Christ  our  Lord ;  to  whom,  scene  at  that  period  became  one 
vrith  Thee  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  be  of  awful  grandeur,  the  whole  of 
honour  and  glory,  world  without  the  manufacturing  premises  in 
end.  Amen."  which  the  disaster  commenced 
33.  Destbuctite  Fire  AT  LiuB-  wereblazingawaywith  the  greatest 
HOUSE. — A  most  disastrous  fire  impetuosity,  and  the  booses  on 
occurred  in  the  midst  of  a  large  the  other  side  of  the  road,  were 
pile  ofbuildings  situated  in  Church  burning  with  equal  violence. 
Bow,  Limehouse.  and  occupied  re-  The  engines  arrived,  but  not 
specdvely  by  Baron  Wetterstadt,  until  the  first  named  premises  were 
Ltentee  of  ships'  signal  lights ;  bo  entirely  destroyed,  that  very 
'.T.  Taylor,  boat-builder ;  and  Mr.  soon  after  they  got  to  work  the 
Home,    sail    manufacturer.     The  whole  of  the  front  walls,  roofs,  and 

{iremisea.  which  were  nearly  100  floorings  ef  the  factories  gave  way, 

set  wide,  were  three  or  four  floors  and  bad  very  nearly  buried  the 

in  height,  and  so  strong  a  hold  had  engines  and    firemen    under  the 

the  fire  obtained  before  its  exist-  burning  mass.     The  fire  was  not 

ence  became  known,  that  it  is  im-  got  under  without  great  difficulty. 
possible  to  tell  in  which  compart-        —  Shifwreokb.  —  Intelligence 

ment  the  flames  began.  has  been  received  of  the  loss  of  the 

About  nine  o'clock  in  the  even-  Nabob  East  Tndiaman,  homeward 

ing,  some  persons  living  opposite  bound.ontheEcrehouRocksontbe 

Mr.  Taylors    premises  discovered  French  coast,  off  Jersey,  having 

flames  issuing  from  the  lower  floor,  been  driven  out  of  her  course  and 

An  immediate  alarm  was  given,  reckoning  by  stress  of   weather, 

but  the  stock  in  trade  with  which  Eleven  persons  out  of  the  crew  of 

the  premises  were  stored  proved  twenty-one  were  lost  by  ths  caip- 

such  a  powerful  au2iliat7  to  the  sizing  of  the  boats.    The  loss  in 

flames,  that  scarcely  ten  minntes  the  »iip  and  cargo  will  fall  little 

elapsed  before  the  immense  pile  short,  it  is  said,  of  60,000i. 
became  wrapped  in  a  general  sheet         The  PhUotiula,  on  her  voyage 

of  fire.      The   buildings,   for   the  from   Monte  Video  to   England, 

most     part,    were    composed     of  took  fire,  and  was  abandoned  by 

timber,    which    readily    fed    the  her  people.      They  were    forced 

flame,  and  before  an  engine  had  into  a  small  open  boat,  with  less 

time  to  get  to  the  place,  the  pub-  than  a  cask  of  water  and  two  bags 

lie  thoroughfare  was  cut  off  by  the  of  biscuit  for  a  voyage  of  1,5U0 

flames  extending  completely  over  miles.      After    fourteen    days   of 

the  carriage  road.     The  inmates  tossing  between  life  and  death,  the 


APRIL]                 CHRONICLE.  59 

crew  fell  id  with  a  Surinam  ship,  haranguee  were  ottered,  a  national 

and  were  rescued.  guard  voted,  and  an  extensire  ar- 

Q4.  Another  Demonstration,  mament  proposed.  Altliough  these 
— Aoother  attempt  was  made  to  and  other  threatened  proceedings 
manifest  popular  discontent  against  came  to  nothing,  sufficient  disaf- 
the  existing  order  of  things,  which  fection  was  shown  to  prove  the 
would  not  deaervo  record,  had  it  necessity  of  the  loyal  and  well- 
not  afforded  another  proof  of  the  disposed  to  be  on  the  atert.  Laive 
discredit  and  contempt  into  which  homes  of  persons  of  all  classes,  m 
such  demonstrations  have  fallen  all  the  towns  in  the  kingdom,  came 
in  this  country.  Mr.  Cochrane,  readily  forward  to  be  sworn  aa 
the  late  caodidate  for  Westminster,  special  constables,  and  it  clearly 
and  of  other  notoriety,  announced  appeared  that  tlie  force  of  nutn- 
a  demonstration  against  the  Poor  hers  was  not  on  the  side  of  the 
Law,  and  a  procession  of  60,000  disaffected. 
people  to  present  a  memorial  to  —  Ibeiakd. — In  this  distracted 
Sir  George  Grey.  Mr.  Cochrane  portion  of  the  empire,  to  which 
made  his  appearance  in  Leicester  the  success  of  the  Continental 
Square,  accompanied  by  a  huge  risings  against  their  governments 
van,  adorned  with  daubs  pretend-  might  be  supposed  to  ofier  an  ir- 
ing  to  illustrate  scenes  in  a  work-  resistible  example,  and  the  dis- 
house,  wretchedly  executed,  and  turbances  in  England  give  prospect 
not  very  decent.  From  Leicester  of  a  sucoessful  issue,  the  crisis 
Square  Mr.  Cochrane  proceeded  passed  away  vrilhout  any  notice- 
with  about  300  vagabonds  to  Tra-  able  event.  The  rebel  Journals, 
&lgar  Square,  and  there  com-  indeed,  made  the  most  of  the  text, 
menced  an  address  to  the  peopU.  and  teemed  with  the  most  furiooa 
The  police  were  here  on  the  alert,  invective  and  inflated  bombast, 
and  by  keeping  moving,  and  by  meetings  were  held,  and  rebellion 
compelling  the  bystanders  to  keep  opened  its  mouth  wide,  but  no- 
movmg  also,  prevented  the  collec-  thing  followed.  This  state  of  in- 
tion  of  a  gaping  crowd.  Mr.  action  may  be  accounted  £>r  in 
Cochrane,  thus  disappointed  of  an  two  ways — ^by  the  alertness  and 
audience,  drove  down  a  by-street  strength  of  the  Government  and 
to  the  Home  Office.  Sir  George  its  forces,  and  by  the  prudent  for- 
Orey  mu  out,  and  the  petition  was  bearauce  of  the  Irish  leaders, 
left  with  the  clerks.  whose  plans,  tending  to  an  orga- 

—  Armino  of  the   Crartists  nlzed  nsing,  were  not  sufficienUy 

IN  THE  North. — Some  anxiety  has  matured  to   take   advantage  of  a 

been  felt,  arising  £rom  reported  sudden  outburst 

extensive  arming  of  the  Chartists  SO.    The  Irish  Movement.— 

in  the  North  of  England  and  Scot^  An  affray  of  a  very  amusing  kind, 

land.    At  Aberdeen  a  very  tumul-  and  h^hly  characteristic  of  the 

tuary  procession  took  place,  on  oo-  warm  Celtic  blood,  and  of  the  rash 

casion  of  electing  a  delegate  to  dissensions  now  existing  in   Ire- 

the  "  National  Convention "  now  land,  is  described  to  have  taken 

sitting  in  London.    The  mob.  con-  place  in  Limerick.    Messrs.  Smith 

sistingof  several  thousand  persons,  O'Brien,  Meagher,  and  Mitchell, 

marched  in  procession  on  two  con-  the  leaders  of  the  Young  Ireland, 

secntive     nights,     veiy    seditious  or  physical  force  party,  were  in- 


60              ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

vited  to  a  loirle  by  the  members  placed  at  Mr.  CobJen'o  disposal, 
of  the  Sarsfield  Conrederation  Of  the  amount  subscribed,  the 
Club,  one  of  the  societies  now  whole  had  beea  collected  except 
breaUting  rebellion,  blood,  and  about  SOOOI.,  and  of  that  arrear 
slaughter.  This  lotTie  the  Old  1500/,  mould  yet  be  received. 
Irelanders,  or  moral  force  party,  Some  portion  of  the  money  had 
resolved  to  interrupt,  and  attacked  been  invested,  with  Mr.  Cobden's 
the  building  in  Thomas  Street,  in  consent ;  and  a  moiety  had  been 
which  the  meeting  was  held,  by  expended  in  the  purchase  of  an 
the  physical  force  of  shots,  stones,  estate  known  as  Mr.  Cobden'a 
and  missiles  of  every  description,  birth-place.  It  was  resolved  to 
The  doors  were  smaahed  in,  the  authorize  the  treasurers,  when  the 
windows  broken,  and  this  proving  accounts  should  have  been  audited, 
insufficieut,  tar-barrels  were  pro-  to  place  tho  entire  fund  at  the  ab- 
cured,  and  the  building  set  on  solute  disposal  of  Mr.  Cobden,  and 
fire.  Fur  this  exhibition  of  phy-  to  request  them  to  transmit  to  the 
sical  force  on  the  part  of  the  moral  subscribers  generally  a  copy  of  tho 
force  party,  the  physical  force  accounts  as  audited,  with  Mr,  Cob- 
party  were  by  no  means  prepared ;  den's  acknowledgment  of  the  re- 
and,  as  their  opponents  had  used  ceipt  of  the  money, 
the  weapons  they  had  thought  pe-  Couhebciai.  Affaibs.  —  The 
culiar  1o  tbemeelves,  they  were  aspect  of  mercantile  a&irs  exhi- 
obliged  to  take  up  those  which  btted  a  great  and  continual  im- 
should  have  charactorized  the  op-  provement  throughout  the  month, 
posite  party ;  they  therefore  made  The  Three  per  Gents.,  although 
an  effectual  use  of  the  moral  force  experiencing  continued  fluctoa- 
of  running  away,  which  th^  were  tions,  maintained  a  steady  range 
enabled  to  do  by  the  assistonce  of  between  80  and  83,  leaving  off  at 
the  Saxon  police  and  local  autho-  the  higher  figure ;  Exchequer  Bills 
ritiee,  but  not  before  many  severe  were  quoted  throughout  at  the 
injuries  had  been  received  by  seve-  high  premium  of  44*.  It  was  not, 
ral  of  the  party.  Mr.  O'Brien  got  however,  until  the  Chartist  demon- 
a  black  eye,  and  was  otherwise  m-  stration  had  proved  abortive,  that 
jured ;  and,  being  naturally  dis-  this  great  improvement  was  as- 
gusted  with  this  ungrateful  usage,  sured.  Monetary  affairs  improved 
rested  his  seat  for  the  county,  rapidly,  and  in  particular  Railway 
This  very  Irish  occurrence  aflbrds  Shares,  which  had  fallen  veij 
a  sorrowful  indication  of  the  fear-  greatly,  owing  to  apprehensions 
ful  strifes  which  will  probably  en-  that  ^e  rioters  would  destroy  the 
sue  should  the  Irish  ever  succeed  rails  and  intercept  the  traffic,  rose 
inthrowiDgofftbesalutarygovem-  with  equal  rapidity,  some  lines 
meat  of  the  hated  Saxon.  rising  61.  to  lOl.  per  share  in  a 
—  The  Cobden  TESTraoniiL.  day.  It  vras,  however,  in  the  fo- 
— The  Committee  of  the  Cobden  reign  funds  that  the  greatest  im- 
Testimonial  Fond  have  rendered  provement  was  experienced,  when 
a  Btatoraent  of  the  result.  It  ap-  the  result  of  the  apprehended  dis- 
peared  that  the  amount  subscribed  turbances  became  known;  a  fact 
was  79,0001.;  from  which  4,600/.  which  proves  the  feverish  anxie^ 
had  to  be  deductod  for  expenses;  of  the  continental  nations,  lest  this 
leaving  a  balance  of  74,000/,  to  be  country,  now  the  sole  repository  of 


MAY]                     CHRONICLE.  61 

credit  and  capital,  should  be  ex-  April  3, 1848 —            < 

poeed  to  disaeters  similar  to  their        Three  per  Ceote 3S  50 

Dim.    The  safety  of  England  being         I'Itb  per  Cents M  60 

ascertained,  the  foreign  funds  im- 
mediately rallied.      This  was  in-  ~                                                       ' 
Btanced  in  a  very  remarkable  man-  MAY 
ner  in  the    French  funds;    the 

Rentes,  which  closed  on  Saturday  —  The  Eshtbition  of  the 
at  6S.  rose,  when  the  news  was  re-  Rotal  Acadehi. — The  exhibition 
ceived,  to  61,  and  business  was  of  this  year  in  no  way  falls  behind 
again  done.  This  restoration  of  its  immediate  predecessor,  pre- 
foreigncreditsatisfactorilyexplains  senting  many  pictmrea  of  great 
an  otherwise  unfavourable  circum-  merit,  and  eome  of  high  excellence, 
stance.  The  bullion  in  the  Bank,  — Of  historic  pictures  there  was  a 
which  at  the  beginning  of  the  great  deficiency,  and  fortunately 
month  amounted  to  15,316,704/.  an  equal  scarcity  of  uninteresting 
underwent  a  constant  diniina-  portraits:  but  paintings  of  the 
tion  to  15,210,666/.,  14,602,431/.,  landscape  class  were  numerous, 
13,764,204/,  13,328,341/  This  varied,  and  able;  the  story  pic- 
is  explained  by  the  fact,  that,  as  tures  admirable, 
the  time  approached  for  the  pay-  Among  historic  pictures  the  best; 
ment  of  commercial  bills  at  Paris,  are — "  Cardinal  Wolsey  coining  to 
deferred  by  a  decrae  of  the  Pro-  Leicester  Abbey  to  die,"  by  Cope, 
visiooa)  Government,  the  coin  and  Charles  Landseer's  "  Margaret 
which  bad  been  remitted  to  this  of  Anjou  and  the  Robber  of 
country  to  abide  the  crisis  was  Hexham."  Stan£eld  contributes 
withdrawn  in  large  quantities  some  excellent  wark»  of  his  usual 
The  Bank,  foreseeing  thb  demand,  style,  "  Amalfi  "  and  "  Bridge  of 
had  purchased  a  very  large  amount  St.  Benezet."  Lee  exhibits  "  The 
of  foreign  coin ;  this  being  bonght  Broken  Bridge,"  and  a  view 
as  buUion,  and  resold  as  coined  "  Abovo  the  Slate  Quarries  on 
money,  yielded  a  very  large  profit  the  Ogwen,"  the  joint  pro- 
The  most  disastrous  event  of  the  duction  of  himself  and  Sidney 
month  was  the  unprincipled  con-  Cooper.  Of  the  same  class  are 
fiscation  of  the  Paris  and  Orleans  "  The  Harvest  Field,"  by  Wither- 
Railway  by  the  Provisional  Grovem-  ington  ;  "Ruins  of  Hermonthes," 
ment.  In  consequence, the  shares,  by  Roberts;  "A  Gravel  Pit,"  by 
which  in  February  were  quoted  at  Mulready,  painted  in  1807,  from  a 
48/.,  feU  to  16/.  lOi.,  and,  similar  gravel  pit  on  th«  tiu  of  RtuMell 
steps  in  respect  to  the  other  rail-  Square  ;  Harding's  "  High  Alps, 
ways  being  apprehended,  French  as  seen  between  Como  and  Lecco," 
Rsjlway  ebarea  became  unsaleable,  andLinnell's  "Eve  of  the  Deluge." 
and  an  entire  stop  was  put  to  rail-  The  richest  portion  of  the  exhi- 
way  enterprise  in  that  country,  bition  is  certainty  the  story  class. 
The  depreciation  in  the  French  Nothing  can  exceed  the  fine  and 
Funds  has  been  thus  oEBcially  natural  truth  of  Landseer's  "Alex- 
stated: —  ander  and  Diogenes;"  all  the  cha- 
Feb.  3,  1848,  Paris  Bourse^  lactera  are  dogi,  with  a  ludicrous 

Three  per  Cents 74  60  humanity  of  expression;  nothing 

Five  per  Cents 117  25  more  pathetic  than  his  "  Random 


62 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


Shot ;"  a  hind  laying  dead  on  a 
BDOwj  hill,  with  a  fawn  vainly  seek- 
ing the  maternal  nutrimeot.  Mul- 
ready  B  "  Shepherd  Bo;  and  Dog," 
"Webster's  •'  Intenitu  Economy 
ofDotheboysHall,"and  "TheRub- 
ber,"  by  the  same  artist,  and  Mul- 
ready's  "  The  Butt,"  are  equally 
remarkable  for  their  humour  and 
truth.  Mr.  Herbert  contributes 
a  veiy beautiful  picture,  "St  John 
the  Baptist  reproving  Herod,"  a 
worthy  companion  to  his  fine  pic- 
ture of  last  year.  Mr.  Maclise'e 
"Chivalry  of  the  time  of  Henry 
VIII."  Edwin  Landseer's  portrait 
of  his  venerable  &ther  1  Eastlake's 
"  Frisoaers  with  Banditti,"  Ward's 
"  Interview  between  Charles  II. 
and  Nell  Gwyn"  attracted  and 
deserved  much  attention.  The 
Sculpture  Room  presented  litUe 
to  excite  interest. 

MUBDEB    IN    SprTALPIELDS. 

— A  very  mysteriona  murder  has 
been  committed  in  Spitalfields,  by 
the  strangulation  of  Henry  Laza- 
rus, a  little  boy,  apparently  for  the 
sake  of  his  clothes.  His  lather  is 
a  Jew  dealer,  living  in  Tenter 
Street;  on  Monday  evening,  the 
boy  was  playing  in  the  streets  with 
two  other  children;  when  they 
were  called  in  to  be  put  to  bed, 
Henry  was  missing;  search  was 
made  for  him  during  the  night, 
but  in  vain.  In  the  morning  the 
lifeless  body  was  found  in  a  yard 
surrounded  by  houses,  hidden  be- 
hind a  board  placed  against  a  wall: 
the  boy  bad  been  strangled  with 
the  handkerchief  which  he  wore 
round  his  neck;  all  his  clothes, 
with  the  exception  of  the  shirt  and 
stockings,  had  been  carried  off; 
they  were  quite  new.  Sarah  Ro- 
gers, a  charwoman,  was  arrested, 
apparently  from  having  said  some- 
thing about  the  disposal  of  the 
clothes.      Nothing  was  found  on 


her,  or  at  her  lodgings,  of  a  suspi- 
cious nature;  she  was  remanded, 
and,  nothing  further  appearing,  she 
was  ulimately  dischai^ed.  A  half- 
witted lad  gave  information  that 
he  had  seen  two  baya  strangle  the 
child,  strip  the  body  of  the  clothee, 
and  hide  it  in  the  yard;  one  of 
these  boys  was  apprehended,  but 
the  evidence  was  so  untrustworthy 
that  he  was  discharged,  A  young 
man  next  came  forward,  and  from 
some  unimaginable  motive  declared 
himself  an  accomplice  in  the 
murder,  and  told  his  tale  so  art- 
fully, that  he  succeeded  in  keeping 
himself  in  prison  for  some  time  ; 
but  it  woe  then  ascertained  that 
there  was  no  truth  iu  the  story. 
The  murder  remains  a  mjstety. 

0.     ExTKAOBDINABT       CHABaES 

AOAINST  Lord  Leiqh. — The  War- 
wick magistrates  have  been  en- 
gaged investigating  some  most  pre- 
posterous charges  of  murder  against 
Lord  Leigh,  his  deceased  mother, 
and  persons  employed  by  them. 
The  accusation  seems  to  have  ori- 
ginated from  the  attempt  of  cer' 
tain  parties  to  seize  Stoneleigh 
Abbey  on  pretence  that  it  rightfully 
belonged  to  them  and  not  to  Lord 
Iicigh :  in  November,  ISH,  a  mob 
took  possession  of  the  place  for  one 
George  Leigh;  they  were  tried  for 
the  offence,  and  no  fewer  than 
twenty-eight  were  convicted.  lUch- 
ard  Bamett  made  the  charge  of 
murder :  in  1814,  he  was  employed 
under  Lady  Julia  Leigh  and  her 
eon  at  the  Abbey;  a  uumher  of 
workmen  were  engaged  in  making 
alterations:  fourof ^esemen were 
murdered  by  large  stones  having 
been  allowed  to  mil  on  them,  and 
their  bodies  were  placed  within  on 
abutment  of  a  bridge,  and  then  in- 
closed with  masonry.  Another  man 
was  murdered  by  Hay,  a  keeper, 
who  shot  him.    In  crosa-examina- 


MAY]                     CHRONICLE.  63 

tion,  this  vitness  said  he  had  kept  indicted    for     perjury,    and    con- 

BilenceoD  these  atrocities  for  thirty  victed. 

Tears,    because    he    feared   Lord  —  Cqinebe  Junk. — A  Chineae 

Leigh,  and  because  he  did  not  9x-  Junk  is  now  in  the  East  India 

pect  to  obtain  anything  by  apeak-  Docks,  having  performed  a  voyage 

iDg:  he  firat  divulged  the  secret  fromOhinatothiscountry.byivByof 

to  those  who  were  trying  to  get  the  the  United  States,  with  a  Chinese 

estate ;  he  thoaght  it  would  help  crew,  under  the  conduct  of  Gapt. 

them  to  get  it.  for  the  murders  Kellett,     This  voyage  not  a  little 

were  committed  to  keep  out   the  astonished    the    crew,    who   were 

proper  owners.     John  Wilcox  was  merely  accustomed  to  river  naviga- 

required  to  repeat  evidence  which  tion,  and  had  no  notion  of  losing 

he  had  given  before  a  Master  in  sight  of  land.  The  junk,  with  all  ita 

Chanceiy:  but  instead  of  doing  so,  equipments,  warlike,   ornamental, 

the  man  said  he  was  not  sober  and  religious,  with  its  odd-looking 

when  he  signed  the  declaration.  Chinese   crew,  is   now  open    to 

This  man,    however,   repeated  a  public  view.    One  step  across  the 

story  how   some    servants  of  the  planks,  and  you  are  in  the  midst 

Leigh  iamily  bad  burned  pictures  of  a  Chinese    world — you    have 

and  had  been  paid  to  keep  "  the  quitted  the  Thames  for  the  vici- 

secrets  of  the  house."  Mr.  Griffin,  nity  of  Canton.    Brilliant  colours 

an   attorney,   deposed    to    taking  shine    upon   the    spectator    from 

down  a  deposition  by  one  Shaw,  eveiy  side,  with  all  the  formless 

since  dea^,  in  which  the  man  had  gaiety  which  is  peculiar    to    the 

so  far  criminated  himself  that  Mr.  Chinese.     Oaudy  shields,  as  wea- 

Oriffln  had  lud  the  matter  before  pons  of  defence,  hang  along  the 

the  Home  Secretary.    The  Bench  deck — and  jingalla,  a  hybrid  race 

dismissed  the  charge.  between  cannon  and  arquebusses, 

On  a  subsequent  day,  an  appli-  threaten  on   each  side.     If  you 

cation  was  made  to  Mr.  Rushton,  would  take  a  more  concentrated 

the  stipendiary  magistrate,  to  swear  view  of    Chinese    existence,    the 

one  Billing  to  some  testimony  re-  grand  saloon  is  fitted  up  as  a  sort 

specting  the  charges  made  agunst  of  museum,  with  all  sorts  of  cu- 

Lord  Leigh.     Billing  is  the  son  of  riosities ;  or  you  may  turn  into  a 

that  Billing  who  was  alleged  t«  neat  little  chapel  containing  the 

have    been    crushed    and    buried  idols  which  those  serious  Orientals 

under  the  great  slone  of  the  bridge  who  lounge  about  the  deck  are  in 

abutment.    Mr.  Rusbton  refased  the  babitof  worshipping.  Thejunk 

the  application,  as  concerning  a  is  so  placed  that  the  exterior  may 

matter  not  in  his  juris4iiction :  but  be  viewed  as  well  as  the  interior, 

the  affidavits    offered   were    read  and  here  another  spectacle,  equally 

alond  in  court.     Billing  deposed  odd  and  gorgeous  with  the  first,  is 

that  his  fitther  was  alive  in  I8S5  ;  presented.     To  those  who  are  cu. 

and  be  produced  a  letter  written  rious  in  naval   architecture,  the 

by  him  in  ISi'i,  both  dates  being  construction  of  the  vessel,  which 

by  years  posterior  to  the  date  o£  is  on  a  principle  totally  different 

the  bridge  transaction.  Other  facts  from  that  of  any  European  ship, 

of  the  story  were  also  contradicted  will  affiird  an  inexhaustible  subject 

and    circumstantially   refuted    by  of  interest.     This  curious  vessel, 

Billing.    Some  of  the  parties  were  which  was  brought  to  this  country 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


daii7  farma,  in  the  county  of  Buck- 
ingham, wero  sold  respectively  for 
4700^.,  490/.,  and  200J.  The  total 
amount  prodaced  from  the  sole  nas 
963,9901. 

Mabsacbe  at  the  New  Cale- 
DONiAV  IsLAKDs. — New9  has  been 
received  of  the  massacre  of  a  num- 
ber of  Englishmen  at  the  New 
Caledonian  Inlands,  The  Vanguard 
sailed  from  Sydney  to  trade  at  the 
islands.  The  ship  was  anchored 
oiT  one  of  them ;  a  quantity  of 
flandal-wood  was  taken  on  board; 
and  then  a  chief  induced  tbe  master 
to  go  up  one  of  the  bays  to  oblain 
wood  alleged  to  have  been  col- 
lected there.  Mr.  Cunningham, 
the  master,  <nith  ten  seamen,  went 
up  a  bay  in  two  boats ;  five  men 
were  left  with  the  ship.  Presently, 
some  natives  hoarded  the  vessel ; 
one  attempted  to  murder  the  mate ; 
and  on  his  repulse  more  of  the 
Bavoges  tried  to  get  on  hoard,  but 
vere  beaten  off.  Nothing  was  heard 
of  the  captain  end  his  people,  and 
next  day  forty  or  fifty  canoes  were 
seen  bearing  down  on  the  ship: 
the  mate  slipped  her  anchor,  ran 
before  the  wind,  and  outdistanced 
the  canoes.  lie  aftci-wards  cruised 
about  the  hay  for  three  days,  but 
saw  nothing  of  the  missing  people: 
there  is  no  doubt  they  were  all 
maasacred.  It  is  surmised  that 
two  ships  had  previously  been 
seized  by  the  natives,  and  the 
crews  murdered. 

12.  The  Redi.f.af  Collection 
OF  PiCTCBEs. — This  far-famed  col- 
lection—made by  the  late  Mr, 
Wells  during  aperiod  of  more  than 
thirty  years,  from  the  dispersion 
of  some  of  the  most  renowned 
galleries  of  his  day — was  sold  by 
Christie  and  Manson.  The  follow- 
ing were  among  the  principal  lota. 
Two  capital  Canalettis,  one  a  view 
of  the  Doge's  Palace  and  Quay  of 


St.  Mark's,  HSi.  10<.;  the  other 
Tlie  Library  of  St.  Mark's  and  the 
Church  of  Sta.  Maria  delta  Salute, 
173?.  6«.  A  portrait,  by  Rem- 
hrandt,  of  a  Man,  in  a  rich  dresa, 
one  of  his  very  thinly  painted  pio- 
tures,  18SI.  ISn.  "  A  Sibyl,''  in 
a  «hit«  dress,  by  Guido,  8G7/. 
An  assemblage  of  flowers,  by  R 
Ruy8ch,220I,10i.  Another,  the  cora- 

Bmion,  1781.  10«.  "A  distressed 
oy  asking  alms  of  a  Lady," 
by  N.  Maes.  600/.  6».  "  The  In- 
teriorof  a  Kitchen,"  by  D,  Teniera, 
288/.10».  A  Landscape  by  P.  Wou- 
Termana,  595/.  10*.  J.  Van  Os- 
tade's  "  Peasant  at  the  Half-Door 
of  a  Thatched  Cottage  talking  to 
a  TraTeller,"  380/.  IB*.  "  View 
in  the  Back  Court  of  a  House,"  by 
A.  Van  Oatade.  4.^5/.  Two  horse- 
men, one  on  a  black  horse,  the 
other  on  a  gray,  by  Cuyp,  illu- 
mined by  the  early  morning  snn 
in  a  most  oilveiy  and  hritllant 
eflect,  816/. 

The  well-known  picture  by  Wil- 
kie  of  "  Distraining  for  Bent"  waa 
purchased  by  Mr.  Wells's  nephew, 
for  1050  guineas.  Heads  of  an  El- 
derly Man  and  Woman,  attributed 
toQ,Mat8y3.1102/.10».  Headofa 
Spanish  Girl,  by  Muriilo,  390/,  6». 
Van  de  Neer's  "  Village  on  the 
Bank  of  a  Frozen  River,"  with 
figures  skating,  210/.  "View on 
tlie  Dutch  Coast,"  by  W,  Van  der 
Velde,  316/.  6».  A  more  perfect 
specimen  by  the  same  master  in 
"  Agentle  Bree?;e,"236/.  5*.  "A 
Rea  View  during  a  Fresh  Breeze," 
by  L.  Backhuysen.  103(.  16*.  A 
fine  study  by  F.  Mieris  of  "  A  Tra- 
veller seated  on  a  Bank."  vei7 
email,  brought  the  enormous  sum 
of  403/.  lOs.  Jan  Steens  "  Inte- 
rior of  a  Room,"  painted  with  his 
accustomed  skill  and  coarseness  of 
incident,  161/.  4«.  "  A  Calm  off 
the  Dutoh  Coast,"  by  Van  der  Ca- 


MAY] 


CHRONICLE. 


67 


pelln,  having;  the  reflaeinetit  of  W. 
Van  derVelde,  with  more  vigour  of 
execution,  335/.  lfl«.  A  capital 
specimen  of  N.  Berghem  in  "Pea- 
Bants  Milking  Kine"  brought  tl15 
guineas.  "  Cows  and  Oxen  at  Pas- 
ture," by  Albert  Cuyp,  a  highly 
effectiTe  picture,  409/.  ids.  J.  and 
A.  Botha  "Musical  Muleteer," 
a  scene  in  Italy,  288/.  15*. 

The  best  Jan  Steen  was  the  pic- 
ture of  a  "  Company  of  Villagers 
in  a  Boom;"  it  fetched  178(.  10*. 
A.  Van  der  Velde's  "  Meadow,"  for 
320i.  10«.  "  A  Lady  Singing." 
by  G.  Terburg,  S8U.  Peter  de 
Hooghe's  "  View  in  the  Back  Court 
of  a  House  "  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
Farrerfor  540/.  ]6».  A  lani^eape 
by  Buyedae),  with  a  cottage  among 
a  noble  group  of  oaks,  QSO  guineas. 
Cuto's  "  Cattle  on  the  Banks  of  a 
Fond,"  SS5;.  6».  J.  Van  OBUde's 
"View  of  a  little  Country  Inn," 
1050/.  A.VanderVelde'9"0xen 
and  Sheep  at  Pasture."  aani.  10».; 
and  W.  Van  der  Veldes  "Sea 
View,"  3411. 10s.  Vandyck'a  por- 
trait of  "  The  Wife  of  Du  Vos," 
by  the  Marquis  of  Hertford,  for 
7871.  10».  Karl  du  Jsrdin 'a  "  Ita- 
lian Landscape,"  388/.  10».  A 
aplendid  landscape  by  Hobbema, 
representing  8  richly  wooded  coun- 
try, fetched  341/.  5».  P.  Wouver- 
mans'  "  Halt  of  Cavalry"  realized 
390/.  Another  of  the  same  sub- 
ject, by  the  same  artist, — even 
more  beautiful  in  colout' — 34C/.  lOi. 
An  "  Interior  of  a  Cabarett,"  byD. 
Teniers,  816/.  A  lady  in  a  green 
silk  corset,  attributed  to  Gerard 
Doaw,  but  likely  to  have  been  by 
Van  Tol.SSr/.  Rubena'a  Portrait 
of  the  Baroness  de  Vicq  or  Virg, 
215/.  6».  "  Mercury  lulling  Argua 
to  sleep  with  the  Music  of  his 
Pipe,"  by  Claude,  948/.  10».  A. 
Van  Ostade's  "Country  Fair," 
Sa5/.    10>.      Earl    du    Jardin'a 


"Rocky  Glen,"  wiih  a  cavalier 
standing  by  the  side  of  a  white 
borse.  672/- 

The  ArtJat'a  Mother,  by  Rem- 
brandt,— a  very  real  but  a  very 
ugly  face, — was  bought  for  962/. 
Hobbema's  "  View  in  Westphalia," 
040/.  la*.  G.  Mofzu's  "  Fainting 
Lady."  by  the  Duke  of  Cleveland, 
for  816/.  W.  Van  der  Velde's 
"  View  on  the  Coast  of  Scheve- 
ling,"525/.  J. Ruyadael's  "Forest 
Scene,"  785/.  J.  Van  Huysum's 
"  Handsome  Vase  of  Flowers," 
a  great  gallery  picture.  430/.  "  A 
Young  Female,"  by  J.  B.  Grenze, 
787/.  10»,  Claude  Lorraine's 
magnificent  picture.  "Enchanted 
Castle,"  a  combination  of  natural 
circumstance  and  the  most  poetical 
invention.  2000  guineas.  Velas- 
quez's "  Portrait  of  Prince  Bal- 
thazar of  Spain,"  683/.  10».  Do- 
menichino's  "Bta.  Cecilia,"  known 
by  Sharpe'a  line  engraving  of  it. 
fetched  000/,  Murillo's  "  St. 
Thomas  distributing  Alma  to  the 
Poor,"  a  grand  and  impressive 
work  of  the  great  Sevillian  master, 
was  purchased  by  the  Marquis 
of  Hertford  for  2902/.  10s.  The 
gross  amount  of  the  receipts  of  the 
sale  was  nearly  30,000/. 

13.  Suicide  of  Mr.  Redhead 
YoRKE,  M.P. — A  most  determined 
act  of  suicide  was  committed  by 
Mr.  Redhead  Yorke,  M.P.  for  the 
city  of  York,  and  son-in-law  of  the 
late  Lord  Brandon.  The  unfor- 
tunate gentleman  was  observed 
shortly  before  12  o'clock  walking 
upon  the  gravel  path  leading  from 
the  entroce  gate  into  the  Regent's 
Park,  and  a  domestic  servant  saw 
him  raise  both  his  bands  suddenly 
to  his  temples,  and  immediately 
ai^erwards  stf^ger  and  foil  on  the 
grass.  She  called  out  for  assist- 
ance, and  two  men  who  were  near 
the  spot  hastened  towards  the  un- 

F  2 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


fortunate  man,  yihom  the;  found 
Id  the  agonies  of  death,  and  gasp- 
ing for  breath,  The  beadle  on  duty 
in  Gloucester  Terrace  shortly  after 
arrived,and,a  stretcher  having  been 
obtained,  with  the  assistance  of  a 
police  constable  the  deceased  was 
conveyed  to  St.Pancres'  workhouse. 

The  deceased  attended  the  House 
of  Commons  on  Thursday  night, 
and  conversed  very  freely  with  his 
friend  and  neighbour,  Ur.  Bemal, 
chairman  of  committees.  He  was 
also  at  the  Beform  Club  the  same 
evening,  and  in  other  circles  at  the 
West  End.  On  reaching  home  he 
retired  to  rest  ydthout  anything 
particular  being  observed  in  his 
manner.  He  rose  at  an  early  hour, 
in  accordance  with  his  usual  cus- 
tom, and  after  partaking  of  break- 
fast went  out,  also  without  exciting 
observation.  The  deceased,  who 
hss  always  been  considered  of  a 
somewhat  eccontric  turn  of  mind, 
was  about  60  years  of  age,  and 
was  the  son  of  the  late  Mr.  Henry 
Kedhead  Yorke,  the  well-known  po- 
litical writer.  A  lai^e-sized  phial, 
which  had  evidendy  contained 
prussic-acid,  was  found  lying  on 
the  grass  near  tlie  spot  where  he 
fell. 

A  coroner's  inquest  was  held  on 
the  body,  when  it  appeared  by  a 
post  mortem  examination  not  only 
that  death  had  been  caused  by 
prussic  Bcid,  but  that  the  brain  had. 
Iwen  greatly  diseased :  the  coroner 
remarked,  that,  with  the  brain  in 
such  a  state,  it  was  wonderful  how 
Mr.  Yorke  could  have  mixed  in  so- 
ciety. Witnesses  descril>ed  the 
finding  of  the  body:  near  it  lay  a 
phial,  which  had  contained  the 
poison.  On  the  Friday  morning, 
Mr.  Yorke  had  attempted  to  obtain 
prussic  acid  from  Mr.  Bucklee,  a 
chemist  of  New  Bond  Street,  on 
the  pretence  of  poisoning  a  dog: 


Mr.  Bucklee  noticed  sometMng 
amiss  in  his  customer's  manner, 
and  evaded  servirTg  him.  Mr. 
Yorke  then  went  to  another 
chemist's,  where  he  vas  also  in  the 
habit  of  dealing ;  and  there,  unhap- 
pily, a  shopman  sold  him  some 
prussic  acid.  Evidence  was  given 
that  the  deceased  had  been 
"strange"  in  bis  mannei*  for  a  con- 
siderable time  past;  Mr.  Wakley 
corroborating  this  from  his  own 
observation  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. The  verdict  described  the 
mode  of  death,  and  stated  that  Mr. 
Yorke  was  of  unsound  mind  at  the 
time. 

—  Christehiko  ok  the  Ik- 
FAKT  Princess.  —  The  fourth 
daughter  of  Her  Majesty  waa 
christened  in  the  private  chapel  of 
Buckingham  Palace.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  officiated  as 
priest:  the  Duke  Augustus  of 
Mecklenburg  Schwerin,  the  Duch- 
ess of  Saxe  Meiningen,  and  the 
Grand  Duchess  of  Mecklenburg 
Strelitz,  were  the  sponsors — re- 
presented by  Prince  Albert,  the 
Queen  Dowager,  and  the  Duchess 
of  Cambridge,  as  proxies.  The 
Princess  received  the  name 
•'Ifljuisa  Caroline  Alberta."  The 
following  choraU,  the  music  of 
which  waa  composed  for  the  occa- 
sion by  Prince  Albert,  formed  port 
of  the  musical  service : — 

"  In  life'!  gay  mom,  ere  sprighllj  youlh 
By  Tice  and  folly  i»  enslaved. 
Oh  1  mnj  thy  Mnlier'i  glorious  nune 
Be  on  Ihy  infant  mind  engniTed. 
So  iliall  no  thadc*  of  lon-oit  cloud 
The  sunahine  nf  thy  early  dayi, 
Dul  happinesi  in  endleu  round 
Shall  atill  encotDpam  all  thy  nayi." 

The  Queen  gave  a  state  banquet 


MAY.] 


CHRONICLE. 


— Tvfo  amateur  perfo 
aid  of  the  fund  for  purcliasing 
Shakspeare's  birth-place  at  Strat- 
ford, the  mt«reating  particulars  of 
vhich  will  be  foimd  in  the  "Ghro- 
miclb"  of  last  year,  took  place  at  the 
Haymarket  Theatre  this  week,  the 
principal  characters  beiug  taken 
chieSy  hjr  those  gentlemen  of  lite- 
rary eminence  who  had  so  greatly 
distinguished  themselves  ^  the 
representation  of  Ben  Jonson's 
Every  Man  in  his  Humour  last 
year.  On  the  15th  the  play  vaa 
The  Merry  Wivet  of  Windtor,  and 
the  following  was  the  cast: — Sir 
John  Falstsff,  Mr.  Mark  Lemon ; 
Fenton,  Mr.  Charles  Bomer;  Shal- 
low, a  Country  Justice,  Mr.  Charles 
Dickens  ;  Slender,  Cousin  to  Shal- 
low, Mr.  John  Leech;  Mr.  Ford 
and  Mr.  Page,  two  Gentlemen 
dwelling  at  Windsor.  Mr.  John 
Forster  and  Mr.  Frajik  Stone ; 
Sir  Hugh  ETana,  a  Welsh  parson, 
Mr.  G.  H.  Lewes ;  Dr.  Cains,  a 
French  physician,  Mr.  Dudley 
Oostello ;  Host  of  the  Garter  Inn, 
Mr.  Frederick  Dickens ;  Bardolph, 
Pistol,  Nym,  and  Robin,  followers 
of  Falstsff,  Mr.  Cole,  Mr.  George 
Cruikshank,  Mr.  Augustus  Dick- 
ens, and  Miss  Robins;  Simple, 
servant  to  Slender,  Mr.  Augustus 
Egg;  Rugby,  servant  to  Dr.  Csius, 
Mr.  Eaton ;  Mrs.  Ford,  Miss  For- 
tescue ;  Mrs.  Page,  Miss  Kenwo^ 
thy ;  Mrs.  Anne  Pt^e,  her  daugh- 
tor,  in  love  with  Fenton,  Miss 
Anne  Romer;  Mrs.  Quickly,  ser- 
vant to  Dr.  Gains,  Mrs.  Cowden 
Clarke. 

As  an  impersonation  at  once 
highly  elaborated,  and  yet  perfectly 
easy,  the  Jiutice  ShaUow  of  Mr. 
Charles  Dickens  was  entitled  to 
pre-eminent  praise.  The  air  of 
vacancy,  the  complacent  chuckle, 
were  sustained  Uiroughout  with 
the  greatest  care ;  and  the  play  of 


the  eyes,  with  a  sort  of  wandering 
wonder,  was  most  remarkable. 
The  performance  of  Ford,  by  Mr, 
Forster,  was  excellent,  and  gave  a 
greatly  higher  place  to  that  charac- 
ter than  it  has  hitherto  held  in  the 
Slay.  Mr.  Lemon's  Faluaff  and 
fr.  Xiewes'  Hugh  Evan*  were  car- 
mtal.  Mrs.  Cowden  Clarke  played 
Dame  Quickly  admirably. 

On  a  subsequent  evening  the 
amateurs  performed  Ben  Jonson's 
Every  Man  in  hit  Humour,  with 
nearly  the  same  castas  on  the  pre- 
vious occasion,  and  with  great  ap- 
plause. Mr.  Dickens's  Captain 
Bobadil  was  an  eminently  success- 
ful performance. 

These  judicious  efforts  have 
greatly  lessened  the  liability  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Shakspeare  Fund. 
The  Commissioners  of  the  Woods 
and  Forests,  who  have  undertaken 
the  charge  of  Shakspeare's  birlh- 
place  as  a  national  trust,  have  taken 
the  excellent  step  of  appointing  Mr. 
Sheridan  Knowles,  the  veteran  dra- 
matist, to  the  chaise  of  keeper  of 
Shakspeare's  house,  at  a  salary  of 
250i.  per  annum. 

ID.  Epsom  Races. — This  popu- 
lar meeting  commenced  this  day, 
and  owing  to  the  fine  weather,  and 
facility  of  access  by  railway,  was 
very  numerously  attended.  The 
Craven  Stakes  were  won  by  Mr. 
Roll's  Cur.  The  Woodcote  Stakes 
by  Mr.  Payne's  Glauca.  The  Der- 
by Slakes,  Q15  subscribers,  value 
66001.  by  Lord  Clifden'a  Surplice. 
The  Oaks  Stakes,  value  aiOOf.,by 
Mr.  R.  Hill's  Cymba. 

2S.  The  new  Steau-Basih  at 
PoBTSMODTH. — Her  Mtyesty  and 
Prince  Albert,  attended  by  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  the  Marquis 
of  Anglesey,  the  Earl  of  Auckland, 
&c.,  were  present  at  the  opening 
of  the  new  Steam  Basin  in  Ports- 
mouth Harbour.    The  coiitract  for 


70 


ANNUAL   REGISTER. 


[1848 


this  basis  «sb  signed  on  the  SiQlh 
of  Mbj,  and  the  work  oommenced 
00  the  10th  of  June,  1848.  The 
first  Btone  was  laid  by  Hear-Admi- 
ral  Hyda  Parker  (then  Buperln- 
tendent  of  the  Dockyard),  on  the 
13th  of  Januaiy,  1845,  The  di- 
mensions of  this  great  vork— the 
greatest  of  its  kind — are,  length, 
774  feet;  hreadth,  400  feet;  depth, 
SI  feet  There  are  two  inlets  on 
the  east  side,  each  300  feet  long 
by  70  wide,  intended  for  vessels 
whose  refitments  must  be  com- 
pleted in  a.  great  hurry,  aad  may 
thus  be  worked  upon  on  both  sides 
at  once.  The  area  of  water  in  the 
basin  ftnd  inlets  is  8J  acres;  the 
basin  alone  T  acres.  In  the  aoutfa- 
west  comer  is  a  lai^e  graving- 
dock,  BO  feet  wide  at  tbe  entrance, 
and  BOO  feet  long,  with  a  width  of 
101  feet  between  the  coping.  On 
the  west  brink  of  the  oasin  is  a 
fectory  of  handsome  orcbitocture, 
687  feet  long,  48  wide,  mi  51 
high.  On  the  south  wall  is  a  new 
brass  foundry,  90  feet  by  110. 
Tbe  basin  is  coasidered  capable  of 
accommodating  around  its  sides  as 
many  as  nine  steam  Irigates  of  the 
first-class.  It  has  employed,  on  the 
average,  as  many  as  1500  men  since 
the  commencement;  and,  if  the  im- 
mense body  to  whom  it  has  given 
work  olT  the  premises — in  the  quar- 
ries, forests,  ironworks,  &c.  —  bo 
token  into  calculation,  the  result 
will  be  an  army  of  labourers  to 
whom  this  structure  alone  has  af- 
forded BubsiBtence.  The  quantity 
of  granite,  Portland,  and  Purbeck 
ttona,  used  in  the  construction,  is 
1,156,308  cubic  feet;  of  bricks, 
7,696,000  cubic  feet;  of  Memo) 
and  beech  timber,  736,700  cubic 
feet ;  eicavations  removed.  069,600 
tons;  clay  for  dam,  25,000  tons. 
Itesidos  these  materials,  there  have 
been  used  in  various  parts  of  the 


whole  about  9600  tons  of  cast  iron 
from  Stafibrdsliire.  Tbe  rough 
cost  of  the  labour  already  turned 
out  of  hand  is  400,000^. 

The  basin  was  openad  with  great 
pomp,  and  the  cunHimstances  were 
well  calculated  to  render  the  apeo- 
taole  imposing.  The  day  was  very 
fine.  Ihs  tide  at  high  water,  the 
harboor  was  covered  with  vessels, 
flags  innumerable  floated  in  the 
air,  salutes  were  fired  from  the 
ships  of  war,  and  not  less  than 
16,000  spectators  had  asaembled 
on  the  land  to  witness  the  cere- 
mony, who  greeted  the  Queen  with 
the  most  enthusiastic  cheering  on 
this  bor  first  appearance  in  public 
ainoe  the  memorable  10th  of  April. 

—  SkLS  at  Illuminited  Ua- 
KDSG RIFTS,  ETC. — A  collection  of 
■plendid  manuscripts,  and  a  ca- 
rious selection  of  early  French  ro- 
mances, chronicles,  and  histories, 
printed  upon  vellum,  was  sold  by 
Messrs.  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson. 
Hong  in  Laudtm  VirginU  Maria, 
printed  at  Paris  in  1641,  and  ex- 
tremely rare,  sold  for  81. ;  Prteea 
Privata,  a  manuscript  upon  vel- 
lum,of  the  15  th  century,  of  French 
art,  sold  for  S3/.  lOi, ;  Brmortnm 
Bomanum,  a  fine  manuscript  ot 
Flemish  art,  upon  vellum,  of  the 
14th  century,  execoted  upon  672 
pages,  and  richly  illuminated,  sold 
for  ml ;  Biblia  Sacra  Latina,  ma- 
nuscript, upon  vellum,  of  the  14tli 
century,  sold  for  HI. ;  Jekan  Boo- 
eaes  dt»  Ctt*  NobUi  Hmnttut  et 
Femmei,  a  moat  beautiful  manu- 
script of  the  16th  century,  upon 
Tellum,  adorned  with  nine  minia- 
ture paintings  and  upwards  of  140 
illuminated  initial  letters,  sold  for 
83?,  lOf, ;  Gaguini  [Roberti)  Com- 
pendium Super  Francontm  Oatu, 
printed  upon  vellum,  the  only  copy 
known ;  this  beautiful  specimem 
of  early  Parisian  typography  was 


MAT]                    CHRONICLE.  71 

printed  by  Eerver  in  1000,  and  3u.  DEerRUc-nvE  Fibe. — A  au- 

Bold  iijr  lOH.  10*. ;  Chty  d*  War-  gar-bouse  iu   St.   Mark's   Street, 

wuk,  a  fine  copy  of  this  rare  ro-  Whit«chapel,  occupied  by  Messrs, 

mance,  printed  in  Paris   by  An-  -  Bronne  and  Co.  for  tbe  manufac- 

tJioine  Couteau,  in  1527,  sold  for  ture  of  chicory,  was  burnt  down, 

36^ ;  Lancelot  du  Lot  fak  da  la  trith  great  destruction  of  property. 

Perpetuation  de  Mlmoire  d«  Ver-  The  building  was  very  large,  aiid 

tueux  Fait  et  Gettet  det  Chevaliert  of  great  height.     The  fire  broke 

ie  la  Table  Bande,  an  excessively  out  in  a  counting-house,  and  spread 

nro  romauoe,  printed  at  Rouen  in  rapidly,  so  that  the  fire  brigade 

1488,  and  Bubeequently  in  the  He-  could  do  nothing  but  confine  the 

ber  ooUection,  sold  for  301.  lOa. —  flames  to  tbe  building  where  they 

atMr.  Heber'ssaleitbrought  OSI.i  commenced  r    the  whole  pile  was 

Merlin'*  Propheciet,  black  letter,  destroyed, 

printed  at  Paris  in  1498,  by  Ve-  —  Double  Murdeb  im  Hd»- 

rard,  sold  for  iiOl.  lOi. ;  The  Hit-  tinodoksiube. — A  Icogtheaed  in- 

tory  of  Sainet   Oreall,    the   first  quiry  took  place  into  &e  death  of 

book  of  tbe  Round  Table,  printed  Harriet  Burton,  wife  of  Charles 

by  Petit,  at  Paris,  iu  1510,  sold  Burton,,  huckster,  and  Mary  Ann, 

for  16Z. ;  hea  Sept  Pieaumee  de  la  his  daughter,  both  of  whom  were 

Pmitenee,  »  small   but  beautiful  found  with   their  throats   cut,  at 

manuscript  upon  vellum,  with  eight  Stilton,  in  the  morning  of  the  pre- 

highly  finished  miniatures  the  size  vious  day.    At  the  close  of  tbe 

of  the  page.  This  beautiful  volume  proceedings  a  verdict  of  "Wilful 

waa  eieouted  fur  Anne   Gbabot,  murder"    was    returned    against 

Duobess  of  Rohan,  second  wife  of  Charles  Burton.    The  miserable 

Francis,  Duke  of  Rohan,  Prince  of  man  confessed  to  the  surgeon  who 

Soubiae,  in  1631.    The  arms  of  attended  him  the  particulars  of 

tbe   Duchess  are  emblazoned   at  tbe  sanguinary  deed.    He  said,  "  I 

tha  commencement  of  the  volume  first  cut   my  wife's   throat,  when 

and  throughout;   the  painting  of  she  was  between  asleep  and  awake, 

the  Virgin  is  a  representation  of  but  finding  herself  wounded,  she 

the  oaleDrated  DuoLees  de  la  Val-  jumped  out  of  bed,  and  rushed 

liere.    At  the  sale  of  Mr.  Dent's  towtuds    tbe  wiudow,   when   she 

libroiy  this  exquisite  little  volume  shrieked  'Murder.'     I  then  im- 

sold  for  1901. ;  yesterday,  however,  mediately  cut  tbe  throat  of  my 

it  fetohsd  but  S-il.  little  girl,  and,  having  done  so,  I 

37.  Death  of  H.  R.   H.  the  rushed  at  my  wife,  and,  clasping 

PBUfCBsa  Sophia. — Tbe  Princess  her  round  the  waist,  I  repeated  the 

Sophia  died  about  half-past    sis  stroke  across  her  neck.    She  then 

e'l^ook  in  the  aftemoou,  at  her  re-  fell  dead  at  my  feet.    I  then  made 

mdence  at  Kensington.    The  Prin-  an  attempt  upon  my  own  throat, 

esse  had  been  amng  for  several  but   I  was  seized   before  I   ac- 

months ;  on  the  preceding  day  she  complisbed   ray  purpose."     Upon 

beoame  seriously  ill,  but  refused  to  being  questioned  as  to  the  cause 

be  moved  from  her  drawing-room,  which  induced  him  to  commit  the 

She  died  in  ber  arm-chair.     The  rash  act,  he  said,  "Trouble  caused 

PrinoesswasbomontbeSrdof  No-  me  to  contemplate  suicide.     I  in- 

vember,  1777,  and  woa  tbe  twelfth  tended   te    destroy   myself)    but, 

child  of  King  George  the  Third.  knowing  that  I  should  leave  my 


72 


ANNUAL     REGISTER. 


[1848 


wife  and  childroii  in  penury,  I 
thought  it  best  that  we  should  all 
die  together." 

31.  fiuRKiNO  OP  A  Railway 
BiUOQE. — At  half-past  eix  o'clock 
in  the  morning  a  terrible  confla- 
gmtion  occurred  in  Newport.  The 
magnificent  now  South  Wales  Rail- 
way Bridge,  which  crosses  the 
river  Usk,  built  of  wood,  and 
about  400  yards  long,  was  com- 
pletely destroyed  by  fire,  even  to 
the  water's  edge.  At  six  o'clock 
the  workmen  engaged  in  complet- 
ing the  central  arch,  which  was  an 
immense  pile,  consisting  of  several 
tons  weight  of  timber  and  iron 
bolts,  were  busy  at  work  driving 
in  the  bolts,  when  one  man  used  a 
bolt  which  had  been  heated  to  an 
extrmordinary  degree.  This  im- 
mediately ignited  the  adjoining 
timber,  which  being  highly  hyan- 
ixed,  or  "  pickied,"  was  like  gun- 
powder to  ignite.  The  man  had 
a  bucket  of  water  at  hand,  as  was 
nsual,  but  it  was  useless;  the 
flames  leaped  along  on  each  side 
ftom  the  centre  to  each  end  of  the 
bridge,  and  tl)e  whole  extent  was 
in  a  terrible  blaze  in  a  moment. 
The  men  with  difficulty  escaped 
with  their  lives.  A  team  of  trains 
was  passing  at  the  time,  and  vrere 
obliged  to  dash  tlirough  the  flames 
to  escape,  with  tJie  horses  put  to 
their  utmost  gallop.  The  town  fire- 
engines  were  brought,  but  they 
were  syringes  contrasted  with  the 
awful  flames  bursting  from  the 
Borface  of  the  piles,  the  rails,  the 
arches,  and,  in  fact,  wherever  the 
fire  conld  lay  hold  of  wood  to  bum. 
The  timberwork  was  so  enormoos 
that  it  took  a  considerable  time  to 
born  anrportionwhollTawaT:  while 
the  patent  cvmpositiou  u^«d  to  pre- 
serve the  wood  lent  assistance  to 
the  flames,  wluch  mse  op  with 
Una  and  black  smoke,  filling  all 


the  heavens.  At  about  nine  o'clock 
the  ponderous  work  of  the  central 
arch,  having  lost  its  abutments  in 
the  fire,  gave  way  with  a  terrible 
crash,  and  soon  after  this  had 
fallen  in,  portion  after  portion 
gave  way,  until,  with  the  exception 
of  here  and  there  a  eolitaiy  black 
and  charred  fragment,  with  soma 
portion  on  the  banks,  the  whole  of 
this  m^niSceut  work  n'as  totally 
destroyed.  The  river  was  black 
with  burning  wood  which  fail  into 
it;  and,  the  tide  being  receding, 
the  banks  became  strewn  with 
enormous  pieces  of  balf-bumtwood, 
like  the  coast  after  a  wreck.  The 
bridge  was  almost  completed  when 
this  unfortunate  calamity  occurred. 
It  had  been  built  of  kyanized  tim- 
ber by  the  eminent  firm  of  oon- 
tractors,  Messrs.  Reonie,  Logan, 
and  Co.,  and  cost  upwarda  of 
30.000(. 

About  the  same  time  a  similar 
structure  was  destroyed  by  acci- 
dent. A  timber  su^nsion  bridge 
over  the  Forth,  at  Meiklewood,  of 
101  feet  span,  fell  into  the  river, 
in  consequence  of  dry  rot  having 
destroyed  the  principal  timbers. 

A  strange  fatality  appears  to 
have  attended  these  stnictiires  at 
this  time,  for  in  July  a  wooden 
bridge  over  the  Tyne  at  Warden, 
near  Hexham,  forming  part  of  the 
Newcastle  and  Carlisle  Railway, 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  supposed  to 
have  been  caused  by  cinders  from 
a  lu^age-tnuD.  ^e  timber  was 
coated  with  tar,  so  that  when  the 
fire  had  once  gained  a  bold  there 
was  no  chance  of  saving  the  stine- 
tore. 

ChaBTIST    DlSlTBBAXC^ 

The  conviction  ni  John  Mitcfadl 
at  Dublin  led  to  a  violent  aploeioa 
of  lage  among  the  disaffected  in 
Ix>ndon.  On  Moodar  the  ClMiust 
and   ConCedeiate  Clobs    net    om 


MAY] 


CHRONICLE. 


73 


Clerkenvrell  Greflii,  and  the  prin- 
Dipal  speakers  addressed  the  as- 
sembly in  very  violent  language — 
hortative  to  an  immediate  outbreak. 
Mc  Carihy,  Fusaell,  and  other 
known  Chartist  leaders  gave  the 
word  to  "fall  in"  and  "march." 
The  crowd  formed  rapidly  into 
columns  of  four  abreast,  and, 
headed  by  their  orators,  set  out 
for  Finabury  Square.  There  they 
found  a  body  as  lai^e  as  their 
own;  and,  forming  iolo  new  co- 
lumns of  twelve  abreast,  they  pa- 
raded round  the  square  for  about 
an  hour.  They  were  then  joined 
by  further  bodies  from  Stepney 
Oreen  and  other  places,  who 
swelled  their  ranks  to  a  number 
the  estimates  of  which  vary  from 
7000  to  10,000.  Thence  they 
went  in  procession  to  Smithfield ; 
where  they  received  further  acces- 
sions, and  stortod  westward.  Pass- 
words were  given  at  different 
points :  the  mob  passed  up  Hol- 
bom,  King  Street,  and  Long  Acre, 
to  Leicester  Square ;  and,  after  a 
brief  halt,  to  Trafalgar  Square, 
where  it  seemed  intended  to  con- 
centrate forces  and  have  some  fur- 
ther speaking.  A  prodigious  crowd 
of  stragglers  accompanied  the  mob 
and  entered  the  square  with  them, 
llie  police  authorities  interfered 
at  this  point;  and  an  imposing 
body  of  constables  compelled  the 
intnidera  to  leave  the  square,  by 
way  of  the  Strand.  The  "  Char- 
tists" returned  to  Finsbury  Square; 
where  they  received  from  their 
leaders  mysterious  announcements 
that  disappointments  had  been  oc- 
casioned by  circumstances  which  it 
would  be  prudent  to  conceal :  or- 
ders were  given  to  disperse,  and  to 
reassemble  on  Wednesday. 

On  Tuesday  night,  there  was 
again  a  large  meeting  on  Glerken- 
well  Green,  and  some  more  in- 


flammatoiy  speaking ;  but  the  po- 
lice pressed  forward  in  a  compact 
mass,  headed  by  some   score  on 
horseback ;  and  in  a  short  time    ' 
the  whole  meeting  disappeared. 

On  Wednesday,  the  police  au- 
thorities had  made  very  extensive 
preparations  against  the  intended 
repetition  of  Monday's  annoyances. 
They  issued  a  notice  against  tu- 
multuous assemblages,  and  against 
processions,  and  made  such  ar- 
rangements US  enabled  them  to 
despatoh  5000  of  the  force  to  any 
point  on  which  the  mob  might 
concentrate.  Three  squadrons  of 
Horse  Guards  were  also  moved 
through  the  City,  and  post«d  in 
Clerkenwell  and  Finsbury.  The 
whole  of  the  fire  brigade  were 
placed  on  dutv ;  and  hints  having 
been  received  of  intended  incen- 
diarism, arrangements  were  made 
with  respect  to  the  gas  and  water 
miuns,  to  keep  them  under  control. 
The  leaders  of  the  special  consta- 
bles of  the  various  City  and  West- 
ern districts  were  instructed  to 
have  on  the  alert  the  bodies  under 
their  command ;  and  some  of  these 
were  actually  called  out,  and  placed 
in  positions  of  'vantage.  The  re- 
sult of  the  preparations  was,  that 
the  intended  meeting  on  Clericen- 
well  Green  was  prevented:  at 
least  the  leaders  of  the  movement 
did  not  appear  on  the  ground. 
Long  before  midnight,  the  police 
were  left  undisturbed  masters  of 
the  streets. 

On  Thursday,  there  were  re- 
newed attempts  at  disturbances  on 
Clerkenwell  Green;  but  none  of 
the  Chartist  leaders  appeared :  the 
attempts  were  irregular  and  unsus- 
tained ;  and  the  police  had  no  dif- 
ficulty in  putting  an  end  to  them. 
Movements  of  a  similar  tendent^ 
occurred  at  Manchester,  Stockport, 
Oldham,  and  other  places;    but 


u 


ANNUAL    KEGISTER. 


[X848 


the  authorities  being  firm,  and  tho 
well-dispoeed  on  the  alert,  they 
likewise  ended  in  nothing. 

John  Jacob  Astob. — On  the 
recent  death  of  the  American  mil- 
lionaire, John  Jacob  Astor,  it  vas 
reported  that  he  had  left  wealth 
amamiting  to  the  enormous  aum 
of  twenty-five  million  dollars;  but 
the  New  York  Journal  of  Com- 
merce learns,  "  from  rtry  goad  au- 
thority," that  the  total  was  the 
more  modest  sum  of  7,600,U00 
dollars,  about  equally  divided  be- 
tween real  and  personal  eetate. 

CouiiBRoiAL  Affaibs.  —  The 
monetary  transactions  of  this  month 
have  maintained  the  same  improved 
character  which  they  had  assumed 
at  the  end  of  April.  Some  ap- 
prehension was  felt  that  the  de- 
mocratic party  in  the  French  As- 
sembly might  obtain  the  upper 
hand,  and  the  funds  fell;  but  when 
intelligence  of  the  success  of  tho 
moderate  party  was  received,  they 
reossumed  their  buoyancy.  Con- 
auls,  with  trifling  variations,  kept 
about  the  price  of  84  to  Hi^.  Ex- 
chequer bills  were  quoted  at  i6i. 
premium,  until  the  Government 
were  enabled,  by  tho  improved 
state  of  tilings,  to  reduce  the  in- 
terest, when  they  of  course  fell  to 
90i!.-30(.  The  share-nmrket  did 
not  participate  in  these  improve- 
ments, and  railway  shares  con- 
tinued greatly  depreciated.  Tha 
drain  of  bullion  from  the  bank 
censed,  and  their  stock  continually 
increased,  rising  from  19,6T'^,666{. 
at  the  beginning,  to  13,614,7391. 
at  the  close  of  the  month. 


9.  Wreck  of  the  Abibl  Steak 
Ship. — The  Peninsular  and  Ori- 
ental Steam  Navigation  Company's 


fine  steamer  4ritl  was  wrecked  on 
her  voyage  from  Malta  to  Leghorn, 
on  the  dangerous  rocky  shoal  of 
Mai  di  Vetro,  thirteen  miles  south 
of  Leghorn  lighthouse.  The  Aritl 
bad  on  board  a  cargo  of  goods,  a 
considerable  amount  of  speoie,  and 
some  passengera.  The  crew  and 
paBsengers  got  on  shore  without 
loss  of  life,  and  a  large  part  of 
the  cargo  and  all  the  specie  were 
aared  by  the  exertion  of  the  Eng- 
lish part  of  the  crew  and  the  sea- 
men of  some  meFchont  ships,  for 
the  Livomese  seamen  refused  to 
assist  without  enonnoos  salvage. 
The  Ariel  was  built  of  iron,  with 
compartments,  and  hold  together 
with  so  little  damage  that  hopes 
were  entertained  of  getting  her 
off;  but,  after  laying  uninjured  for 
a  considerable  time,  tempeatuoiu 
weather  set  in,  and  she  went  to 
pieces. 

3.  Sale  op  Sib  T.  Babihs's 
Pici'DBis. — The  pictures  of  th« 
loto  Sir  "T.  Baring,  which  were 
formerly  at  Stratton  Pork  and 
Devonshire  Place,  were  sold  by 
Messrs.  Ghristis  and  Mansan.  Tha 
eoUeotion  produced  the  aggregate 
anm  of  11,9061.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  prices  which  wera 
given  for  the  principal  lots : — Sir 
J.  Reynolds,  *'  One  of  the  compart- 
ments of  the  New  College  window," 
formerly  in  Sir  T.  Lawrenoe's  col- 
lection, 63/.  Sir  D.  Wilkie,  "  Al- 
fred in  the  Neatherd'a  Cottage," 
the  finished  sketch,  361.  St.  Sir 
T.  Lawrsnce,  "  Head  ef  a  Young 
Lady,"  SiU.  Ui.  Linnell,  "A 
Landscape,  Peasanta  playing  at 
Quoits,"  Uill.  IOj.  Wilson,  "A 
View  on  the  Dee,"  1641.  ITi.  Sir 
T.  Lawrence,  "  J .  Kemhle  as  Ham- 
let," the  small  picture,  sai.  10». 
Wilson,  "AViewonaRiverinthe 
Campagna,"  126t.  Stanfield,  B.A., 
"  Hastings,"  the  celebrated  upright 


JDME]                 CHRONICLE.  76 

pictare,  3301.  16».  Loutherboarg,  bene.  "Abraham  and  Melchisedec," 
•>  The  Fire  of  London,"  3401.  Col-  883^.6*.  Hobbema,"  A  Landscape, 
linB,  R.A.,  "Boul<^e,"  itiU.  with  a  WatermUl;  a  Village  Church 
Cooke,  "A  Scene  on  the  Dutch  in  the  distance — sunshine." 388/. 
Coast. "941.  lOs.  Linnell,  " Philip  15i.  Baokhuysen,  "Dutch  Men- 
baptizing  the  Eunuch,"  117/.  10*.  of-War,"  13H,  6*.  Van  der  Neer, 
Linnell,  the  "  Flight  into  Egypt,"  "A  Dutch  Village,  with  a  Frozen 
131/.  5*.  Collins,  "A  Woman  Eiver  andFigure8."73/.lO«.  Ruyt- 
BSBted  at  an  Altar  in  the  Chapel  dael,  "A  grand  noody  Landscape, 
of  St  OnoMont  Rome,"  158/.  1]«.  Charcoal  Burners,"  9S^.  lit.  Hoh- 
P.  Nasmyth,  "A  Vien  in  Hamp-  bema,  "A  Woody  Scene,  with  a 
Bhire,"aiO/.  Lee, R. A.,  "A Land-  Piece  of  Wator,"  Sec,  162/.  19». 
scape,"  106/.  Collins, R. A., " Tok-  Backhuysen,  "A  Fresh  Breeze, 
ing  Sea-Fowls'  Eggs,"  267/.  6*.  Men-of-WarunderSail." 289/.l0». 
Sir  D.Wilkia's"  Sheep  Waahing."  P.Potter,  1647,  "Bull  and  Two 
693/.  Turner,  RA.,  "  Sheeraesa ;  Bhoep,"  &o„  220/.  10*.  Ruysdael. 
the  Sun  rising  through  a  Fog,"  "  A  Woody  Scene,  with  a  Water- 
677/.  lOi. Gainsborough,  "ALodge  fall,"208/.  I3«.  Wouvermans,  "A 
in  Windsor  Park,  willi  the  Royal  Stag  Hunt,"  416/.  6».  Wynanta, 
Children,"  326/.  10».  Sir  D.  Wil-  "An  open  Landscape,  with  Cows 
kie's  "Alfred  in  theNeatberd'sCot-  and  Sheep,"  110/.  5«.  W.Vande 
tage,"  430/.  10«.  Wilson,  "The  Velde,  "A  Sea  Piece.  A  Calm, 
Meleager,"  178/.  10*.  Van  Eyck,  with  Vessels  of  War,  Ac,  Por- 
"  St.  Jerome  in  his  Study,"  139/.  poises  sporting  in  the  Ripple'," 
13«.  Watteau,  "A  Concert  Cham-  310/. 

p^tre,"  162/.  6(.    "A  Masquerade  Drbadfitl     Boii.br     Expix)- 

Champfitre,"  84/.     Cuyp,  "Dutch  sions.— A  dreadful  boiler  explosion 

BoatsnnderSail  in  aRiver,"  small,  occurred  at  the  ironworks  of  Mr. 

94/.  10«.  The  companion,  04/.  in«.  JefTeries,  Hart's  Hill,  near  Dudley, 

Rembrandt,  "  Abraham  entertain-  on  Saturday  the  3rd  instant.     It 

ing  the  Angels,"  64/.  1«.     Ostade,  fortunately  happened  early  in  the 

"An   exterior,  with  a  Cart  and  morning,  when  comparatively  few 

Figures,"  upright,  00/.  15».   Berg-  persons  were  on  the  premises.  The 

hem,  "  Italian  Peasants,  with  Cows  fragments  of  the  boiler  and  sur- 

and  Goats,"  160/.  3i.     Berghem,  rounding  brickwork  were  scattered 

"  A  Landscape,  with  a  Lady  on  a  in  every  direction ;  roofs,  furnaces, 

Uule,    followed    by  Attendanta,"  and  chimneys  were  smashed,  and 

lin/,  llf.    "  A  Stag  Hunt,"  106/,  many  people  were  buried  in  the 

W.  Van  der  Velde,  "  A  Calm,  with  ruins.    The  explosion  was  heard 

a  Iflan-of-War  saluting,"  154/.  It.  two    miles   ofF.    No    fewer  than 

Rembrandt,  "The  Adoration  of  the  eleven  men  were  taken  out  dead ; 

Magi,"    141/.  I6t.     Wouvermans,  while     several     individuals    were 

*'  A  Dismounted  Cavalier  giving  wounded  by  the  falling  materials. 

Alms  to  ttCampof  Gypsies,"  183A  Another  explosion  at  the  same 

15«.    Watteau,  "Fete  Cliampetre,  town  occurred  on  the  30th.     The 

viith  a  Man  in  Masquerade,"  167/.  scene   of  tbe  new  catastrophe  is 

10s.     Rembrandt,  "  A  Landscape,  the  Bloomfleld  Ironworks  at  Tip- 

with  a  Village  Church  on  a  Hill,"  ton.     From  some  cause  or  other, 

336/.  16(.     tirouze,  "A  Girl  ca-  one  end  of  a  boiler  gave  way;  an 

ressing  a  PigeoD,"  106/.  ]«.    Ru-  explosion  took  place ;  and  the  on- 


76 


ANNUAL     REGISTER 


[1848 


tire  boiler,  wbicli  was  aboat  seven 
tons  in  weight,  n*as  forced  vrith 
considerable  violence  in  a  hori- 
zontal  direction  across  the  canal, 
and  into  a  brickyard  one  hundred 
yards  distant.  Two  persons  were 
killed,  and  seven  or  eight  wounded 
or  dreadfully  scalded. 

A  boiler  at  the  cotton-mill  of 
Mr.  Hollis,  at  Preston,  exploded 
on  the  ITth  instant,  when  five  per- 
sons were  killed  instantaneously ; 
two  died  shortly  afterwards,  and 
several  others  were  much  hurt  or 
scalded. 

And,  on  the  Slst,  a  boiler  at 
the  mill  of  Mr.  Cooper,  in  the 
same  town,  burst,  when  one  man 
was  killed  on  the  spot,  and  several 
other  persons  so  seriously  injured 
that  their  lives  were  despaired  of. 

G.  FrfEBAX.  OF  H.  B.  H.  the 
Princess  Sophia. — The  remains 
of  her  late  Iloyal  Highness,  fifth 
daughter  of  His  Mt^jesty  George 
tlie  Third,  were  privately  interred 
in  the  Kensall-Green  Cemetery. 
The  funeral  procession,  which  was 
perfectly  unostentatious,  consisted 
of  nine  mourning  coaches,  contain- 
ing the  officers  and  principal  do- 
mestics of  tlie  household  of  the 
deceased,  and  officers  of  the  house- 
hold of  other  members  of  the 
Royal  Family;  and  the  hearse  con- 
veying the  body  arrived  at  the 
cemetery  at  7  a.m.  H.  R.  H.  the 
Prince  Consort,  the  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge, Prince  George,  the  Lord 
Chamberlain,  the  Clerk  and  De- 
puty Clerk  of  Her  Majesty's  Closet, 
and  the  Chaplain  of  her  late  Boyal 
mgfanesa  were  assembled  at  the 
cemetery,  and  met  the  procession 
at  the  entrance  of  the  chapel. 
The  funeral  service  was  read  by 
the  Bishop  of  Norwich,  clerk  of 
the  closet,  assisted  by  the  Dean  of 
Hereford,  the  deputy  clerk.  The 
Duchess   of    Norfolk   was    chief 


The  body  was  deported 
in  oue  of  the  catacombs,  which 
was  immediately  closed  with  ma- 
sonty  in  the  presence  of  the  Vice 
Chamberlain  of  the  Queen's  House- 
hold. 

—  Fire  at  Sandon  Haix. — 
Sandon  Hall,  near  Stafford,  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Harrowby,  vraa 
partially  destroyed  by  fire.  Some 
plumberowere  at  work  on  the  roof, 
and  there  the  fire  began.  It  at 
tained  such  a  hold,  despite  the 
exertions  of  the  firemen  and  neigh- 
bours, that  the  centre  of  the  build- 
ing was  gutted :  the  wings  were 
preserved,  and  most  of  the  fumi- 
ture.Jtc,  in  the  part  destroyed  was 
also  saved.  A  joiner  was  killed 
by  a  stone  falling  on  him. 

7.  A  DiHHBB  PaBTT  POISUHBD. 

— A  public  dinner  at  Northamp- 
ton, to  celebrate  the  induction  of 
a  Dissenting  minister,  has  been 
attended  by  most  untoward  conse- 
quences. Before  the  cloth  was 
removed,  several  gentlemen  were 
Beised  with  sickness;  more  were 
taken  ill  at  a  later  hour — some 
twenty  in  all ;  and  one,  Mr.  Cour- 
field,  an  accountant,  died  the  next 
morning.  Six  of  the  others  were 
for  some  time  in  danger.  The 
dinner  was  provided  by  a  Mr. 
Franklin,  and  was  cooked  by  a 
man  named  Randall,  who  was 
taken  into  cnstody.  A  slight  ap- 
pearance of  metallic  poison  was 
detected  in  Mr.  Courfield'a  body 
on  a  jwst  mortem  esamination.  At 
the  inquest,  on  Tuesday,  it  ap- 
peared that  Franklin  and  Randall 
had  used  "emerald  green"  to 
colour  the  blancmange;  and  ano- 
lyzation  of  some  of  the  colourings 
matter  on  a  portion  of  the  blanc- 
mange showed  the  presence  of 
copper.  Franklin  had  said  he 
always  used  emerald  green  for  the 
purpose — he  thought  it  v,ta  ex- 


JUNE] 


CHRONICLE 


77 


tnicted  from  spinach.  The  ver- 
dict nas  "  Manslaughter  "  against 
Franklin  and  Eandidl. 

6.  Valuable  Relic  of  Ahti- 
QtnTT. — At  a  meeting  of  the  ArcbiB- 
ological  Society,  Sir  Henry  Ellis 
exhibited  a  torque  of  fine  gold, 
picked  up  a  few  days  ago  in  a  wood 
belonging  to  the  Queen,  as  Duchess 
of  Lancaster,  on  Neednood  Forest, 
'  in  StaSbrdsbire.  A  new  fox-earth 
had  been  made  just  at  the  place, 
and  the  cubs  appear  to  have  been 
sporting  with  the  torque,  wbicb, 
it  is  supposed,  tbey  had  raked  up. 
It  vras  found  in  its  present  stat«, 
by  the  keeper,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
hole.  Many  collara  of  this  kind, 
formed  of  a  single  wreath,  have 
been  exhibited  at  the  Society's 
room;  but,  in  form  and  character 
of  norktnanship,  this,  belonging 
to  Her  M^esty,  is'  more  curious 
and  more  splendid  than  any  the 
Society  have  seen ;  and  it  is  sin- 
gularly remarkable  in  the  number 
of  wreaths  which  compose  it  Its 
weight  1  lb.  1  oz.  7  dwts.  10  gra. 
or  5590  grains.  Its  intrinsic  v^ue 
is  therefore  very  considerable. 

0.  Supposed  Mubder  ob  Sui- 
cide.— The  body  of  a  gentleman 
was  found  on  the  shoro  near  the 
Albert  Tavem  in  Battersea  Fields, 
by  two  baigemen ;  it  bad  been  just 
washed  to  land;  and,  on  being 
drawn  farther  out  of  the  water, 
blood  oozed  from  a  wound  in  the 
head.  There  was  no  blood  on  the 
clothes,  and  the  body  seemed  to 
have  been  in  the  water  for  twelve 
hours.  There  were  marks  of  con- 
tusions on  the  forehead,  and  the 
bone  was  broken  in,  as  if  with  a 
sharp  instrument.  At  tho  first 
sitting  of  the  inquest,  there  was  an 
impression  that  the  deceased  had 
fallen  into  the  water,  striking  liis 
head  as  be  fell ;  but  the  inquity 
was  Bc^oumed,  that  a  po»t  morUm 


examination  might  be  made.  It 
appeared  the  bole  in  the  forehead 
had  been  made  by  a  pistol-bullet, 
which  was  found  bedded  in  the 
skull;  there  were  three  other 
wounds  on  the  forehead;  such  as 
a  life-preserver  would  make;  the 
bands  were  bruised  on  their  backs 
as  if  they  had  been  beaten.  It 
did  not  seem  that  the  pistol  had 
been  fired  by  the  deceased  himself, 
for  there  were  no  marks  from  the 
powder,  such  as  a  closely  fired 
pistol  would  make.  The  surgeon 
expressed  his  positive  opinion  that 
a  miu'der  bad  been  committed. 

At  the  resumption  of  the  inquest, 
the  evidence  agnin  changed  the 
appeai-ance  of  tbe  affair.  Mr. 
Wiog.  a  surgeon  of  Battersea,  de- 
scribed the  state  of  the  body.  In 
answer  to  a  question  from  the 
coroner,  he  said  that  it  was  pos- 
sible tbe  deceased  might  have  been 
shot  and  afterwards  have  fallen  off 
the  bank  on  to  the  bed  of  the  river, 
and  by  so  doing  might  have  received 
some  of  the  bruises  on  his  person ; 
but  he  did  not  tbink  it  probable 
that  tbe  three  bruises  on  the  head 
were  occasioned  by  that  means. 
He  was  certain  they  were  inflicted 
during  life.  Mrs.  Eliza  Gosling 
identified  the  body  as  that  of  her 
son,  James  Charles  Gosling,  aged 
twenty-three.  She  believed  he  had 
committed  suicide ;  and  gave  a 
very  unfavourable  account  of  him. 
He  was  very  excitable,  ill-treated 
his  wife,  and  drove  her  from  borne ; 
last  week,  he  was  looking  for  her, 
having  threatened  to  throw  vitriol 
over  her  or  shoot  her  with  a  pistol. 
He  said,  if  he  was  sure  she  had 
drowned  bei-self,  he  would  blow 
out  his  brains.  He  liad  frequently 
said  that  cutting  the  throat  was 
dirty  work,  and  if  be  wished  to 
commit  suicide  ho  should  slioot 
himself  in  the  head  and  fall  back 


78 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


into  tha  river,  ao  that  no  inqnest 
should  be  held  on  bis  body.  A 
Mr.  Smith,  vdtb  whom  Oosling 
bad  lodged,  believed  he  bad  de- 
Btrojed  himself :  vihea  last  he  saw 
deceased,  he  appeared  deranged. 
Another  witness  gave  similar  lesti- 
mony.  The  Juty  found,  "  That 
the  deceased  destroyed  his  own 
life,  he  being  at  the  time  of  un- 
sound mind.' 

MtBDERS    AKD    SuiOIDE    AT 

DtttsTOL. — An  inquest  was  held  on 
the  bodies  of  Maria,  Edward,  and 
Joha  Hill,  mother  and  children, 
which  had  been  e^thumed  for  the 
purpose  of  being  submitted  to  an 
examination,  under  tlie  folloning 
circumstances  ; — In  October  last, 
the  wife  of  Mr.  Thomas  WellingUm 
Hill,  a  retired  builder  of  Bristol, 
died  somewhat  suddenly,  and  her 
death  wae  followed  in  a  short  time 
afterwards  by  the  decease  of  two 
of  her  children.  No  suspicion  was 
attached  to  any  party  at  the  time 
of  the  death  of  Mrs.  Hill,  and  not 
until  application  was  made  by  the 
husband  for  the  amount  of  a  policy 
effected  upon  the  life  of  the  wife 
in  the  National  Loan  Fund  Assu- 
rance Society.  As  the  policy  was 
to  a  large  amount,  80001.,  and 
was  only  efTected  four  months  pre- 
vious to  the  death  of  the  insured, 
the  parties  in  the  insurance  office 
disputed  payment  and  caused  in- 
quiries to  he  made  respecting  the 
death  of  the  wife,  and  it  was  dis- 
covered that  her  illness  had  been 
attended  by  vomiting.  Mr.  Hill 
having  threatened  the  insuraifce 
society  vrith  an  action,  they  caused 
the  body  of  the  uife  and  also  the 
bodies  of  the  children  to  be  dis- 
interred, and  the  intestines  given 
to  Mr.  Herapnth,  the  chemist,  for 
analyzation.  The  6nding  of  the 
jury  amounted  to  averdict  of  wilful 
murder  against  Hill.     During  the 


time  the  bodies  vere  being  disin- 
terred the  suspected  party  com- 
mitted suicide,  by  means  of  es- 
sential oil  of  almonds,  which  be 
had  procured  from  two  druggists' 
shops.  Mr.  Hill  wrote  a  note  pre- 
vious to  taking  the  poison,  in  which 
he  said,  in  disconnected  sentenoes, 
that  "  bis  head  sufTered  severely 
from  mental  distraotion.  His  mind 
was  bowed  down  by  the  attempt  of  ' 
a  powerful  party  to  crush  bim. 
He  was  not  guilty  of  the  atrocious 
charge,"  Ac.  An  inqucHt  vraa  held 
upon  the  body  on  Monday  evening, 
when  8  rerdict  of  "  Temporary  In- 
sanity" was  returned. 

10.  McsDBR  IN  THE  Hocse  op 
CoRRECTios,  CoiJ)BATH  Fields. — 
About  nine  o'clock  this  morning,  an 
atrocious  murder  was  perpetrated 
at  the  above  prison.  The  name  of 
the  murdered  man  is  William 
Woodhouse,  who  has  been  a  warder 
for  many  years  in  the  House  of 
Correction,  and  the  perpetrator  of 
the  murder  is  a  prisoner  named 
Hewson,  who  was  tried  about  nine 
months  since,  and  oonvicted  of  con- 
cealing the  birth  of  a  child  which 
he  had  had  by  his  own  daughter; 
and  for  which  he  was,  with  her, 
sentenced  to  two  years  imprison- 
ment. Since  his  incarceration  he 
has  betrayed  a  sullen  and  refractory 
spirit ;  and,  having  on  Friday  mis- 
conducted himself,  he  wis  placed 
in  solitary  confinement,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  rules  of  tlie  esta- 
blishment. At  the  above  hour  the 
unfortunate  deceased  visited  him 
to  furnish  him  with  food,  and  was 
in  the  act  of  closing  the  door  of  the 
cell  after  him,  when  the  prisoner 
rushed  upon  bim  and  stabbed  him 
vrith  a  knife,  resembling  those  used 
by  shoemakers,  in  the  left  side, 
thrusting  it  up  to  the  hilt.  The 
poor  fellow  was  heard  to  make  an 
esclamation  which   drew  to   the 


JUNE]                  CHRONICLE.  79 

scene  anotber  warder,  who  found  opportunity  for  revenging  on  the 

the  sufTerer  on  the  ground  welter-  unhappy    Frenchmen    the    indig- 

ingin  his  blood,  and  in  the  agonies  nitiea  alleged  tflbaTe  been  inflicted 

of  death,  which  enaned  before  other  on  English  artizans  at  Paris.     A 

assistance  could  be  obtained.  determined  and  disgraceful  "row" 

A  coroner's  inquest  was  held  on  nastheresultof  thisungenerousre- 

the  body ;    the  jury  retnmed  a  scire.     The  "  row "  was  a  stupid 

Terdictof"WilfulMurder"againBt  a£foir,  not  only  showing  the  illl' 

Hewson.    (See  post,  July  10.)  berality  of  the  rioters,  but  their 

11,  Railway     Collibioh.  — •  A  paucity  of  invention.     In  the  old 

iBilitarytrainontheNorth-Westem  "  0.  P."    afikir    there  was    some 

Bailway,  consisting  of   thirty-six  humour.      A  good  joke  now  and 

carriages  of  soldiera  of  the  Ninth  then  found  its  way  into  the  uproar; 

Regiment,  on  their  way  from  Porta-  but  here  was  along,  dull,  dismal, 

mouth  to  Manchester,  was  run  into  dreary  display  of  nmlignity,  which 

by  a  luggage-tr^n  at  Crewe,    The  was  effective  from  the  mere  fact 

noilitary  train  had   etaid  half  an  that  it  was  wearisome.    One  could 

hour  for  refreshment ;  the  officers  not  have  conceived  so  much  noise 

travelled   in  the  last  paBsenge^  mixed  np  with  a   display  of  so 

carriage,  which  had  in  its  rear  a  aoporific  a   character.    The  poor 

horse-bos    and  luggage-van  :    the  Frenchmen  did  all  they  could  to 

officers  bad   retaken   their  seats,  conciliate  this  amiable  specimen  of 

and  the  tnun  was  in  slow  motion,  the  British  public.     They  opened 

when  the  luggage-train  came  up  by  playing  "God  save  the  Queen;" 

and  ran  into  it.     The  luggage-van  and   when,    two    or    three    times 

and  the  horse-box  were  smaehed ;  afterwards,  the  rioters,  who  were 

battheysavedtheofficers' carriage;  loyal  to  a  fault,  on  this  occasion 

BO  that  though  hardly  one  of  the  demanded  a  repetition  of  the  on- 

gentlemen  escaped  severe  conta-  them,  they  politely  complied  with 

BiouB  and  abrasions,  no  one  was  the  request.     The  plan  of  singing 

hurt  dangerously.    About  twenty  "  God  save  the  Queen  "  as  a  signfd 

of  the  soldiers  were  injured.    The  for  uproar  is  borrowed  from  the 

engine  driver  of  the  luggage-train  old  "  0.  P."  days,  and  is  another 

was  oommitted  to  Chester  Castle  mark  of  the  want  of  origiuality 

for  six  weeks,  with  hard  labour,  which  signalized  the  proceedings 

for  neglect.      Two  horses  in  the  of  last  night.     The  rioters  went 

horse-box  were  killed  on  the  spot,  on    hallooing,    hooting,   whistling 

13.  Riot  at  Drdbt  Lane  The-  through  their  whistles,  and  utter- 

ATBE. — A   repetition  on   a  small  ing  dull  esclamationB  for  upwords 

scale  of  the  famous  "O.P.row"  of  three  hours,  without  any  reason, 

was  got  Up  at  this  theatre,  on  occa-  H.  Jullien,  as  lessee  of  the  house, 

fiion  of  the  first  performance  of  the  attempted  to  restore  order,  but  not 

company  from  the  "Theatre  His-  a  word  of  his  speech  was  beard,  and 

torique  "  of  Paris ;  who, driven  from  the  noise  pursued  its  dreary  course 


their  proper  scene  by  the  miseries  to  the  termination  of  tlie  piece, 
of  thot  once  gay  city,  had  come  The  outrage  woe  repeated  on  sue- 
over  hero  to  endeavour  to  better  ceeding  evenings,  with  a  little 
their  fortunes.  A  party  of  English  variety ;  for  the  sympathizers  with 
employes  of  our  Stage  chose  this  the  outraged  Frenchmen  mustered 


80 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


strong,  aiid  a  few  eingle  combaU 
between  the  rival  partisans  gave 
a,  bruwl  liveliness  to  the  scene. 
In  the  end  the  company  were 
withdrawn,  and  gave  two  private 
performances  at  the  St.  James's 
Theatre  to  a  select  audience,  and 
it  is  to  be  hoped  received  some 
recompense  for  their  ill  usage. 

The  worst  remains  to  be  told. — 
The  pi aj selected  for  representation 
ivas  DumEis'  Monte  Christo,  and 
proved  so  intolerably  dull  that  tlis 
vbole  scheme  would  have  died  a 
natural  death,  mthout  giving  oc- 
casion to  any  proceedings  so  dis- 
graceful to  the  nationitl  character. 

CHARTiaT    DiSTDRBANCES. On 

Sunday,  the  3rd  instant,  some  at- 
tempts trere  made  to  excite  the  idle 
population  of  Clerkenwelt  and  Fad- 
dington ;  but  the  police  were  in  all 
instances  able  to  disperse  gathering 
assemblages  niihout  tumult. 

Monday  morning  found  Bonner's 
Fields  occupied  by  1800  foot,  100 
mounted  police,  and  500  pensioners. 
A  body  of  Horse  Guards  also  took 
position  in  a  {arm  on  the  outskirts 
of  the  fields.  By  noon  no  appear- 
ance of  a  gathering  of  Chartists 
was  visible,  though  the  meeting 
was  arranged  for  that  time.  Many 
women,  boys,  and  spectators,  were 
present,  and  were  undisturbed  by 
the  police.  Two  o'clock  came,  and 
with  it  no  sign  of  a  demonstration. 
The  police  passed  a  kind  of  holiday. 
They  sat  dovrn  and  look  a  cold 
collation  on  the  grass,  such  as  the 
itinerant  vendors  could  supply. 
About  two  p.u.,  M'Douall,  one  of 
tho  Chartist  leaders,  waited  on  Mr. 
Arnold,  the  magistrate,  and  asked 
him  whether  the  Government  really 
meant  tostop  the  chartist  meetings ; 
the  reply  was  laconic,  "  Yes,  sir," 
and  the  leader  forthwith  disap- 
peared. Soon  afterwards,  a  thunder- 


storm came  on,  and  drenching  rain 
fell.  That  settled  the  matter:  by 
four  o'clock   there  was  hardly  a 

Srson  to  be  seeu,  even  under  the 
dgea  or  trees,  except  the  police : 
by  nightfall,  all  the  forces,  military 
and  civil,  were  disbanded  ;  and  later 
still  the  neighbourhood  was  as  tran- 
quil ns  on  any  evening  in  the  year. 

Similar  expectations  of  great 
meetings  at  Edinburgh,  Glasgow, 
lie.,  were  similarly  disappointed; 
Government  preparation  in  each 
inetauce  having  been  an  efficient 
preventive  of  even  an  attempt  to 
hold  the  prohibited  assemblies. 

Abrest  op  the  Chartist 
Leaders. — The  Government  hav- 
ing given  the  Chartists  sufficient 
head,  to  allow  them  to  prove  them- 
selves the  intolerable  nuisance  they 
were,  now,  with  the  full  approbation 
of  the  public,  took  firm  steps  In 
suppress  ic  Mr.  Ernest  Jonos,  a 
barrister.JohnFussell,  I. Williams, 
A.  Sharpe,  and  T.  Vernon,  were 
arrested,  charged  witli  sedition, 
aad  committed  for  trial;  but  ad- 
mitted to  bail  in  heavy  amounts. 

18.  The  Bosnbb's  Fields 
Chartists. — The  punishment  of 
the  disturbei-s  of  the  peace  of  the 
metropolis  by  the  ordinary  course 
of  law,  commenced  by  the  trial  of 
ten  of  the  vagabonds  who  were 
captured  at  Bonner's  Fields  on  the 
4tn  June.  As  there  was  nothing  in 
these  disturbances  or  the  authors 
of  them  to  create  any  other  feeling 
than  disgust  and  annoyance,  veiy 
Uttle  interest  was  taken  iu  the 
proceeding.  They  were  all  found 
guilty.  One  of  them,  who  hod 
Struck  a  policeman  with  an  iron 
bar,  was  sentenced  to  two  years' 
impiisonment  with  hard  labour; 
and  tlie  others  to  similar  punish- 
ment for  shorter  terms. 
Ascot  Races. — This  fashionable 


JUNE] 


CHRONICLE. 


81 


meeting  lacked  this  year  the  en- 
couraging  presence  of  Her  Ma- 
jeetf ;  which  was,  however,  in  some 
degree  ccmpeuaated  by  fine  weather 
and  excellent  Bport.  Of  the  prin- 
cipal recea,  the  Gold  Vaee  was  won 
by  Lord  Chesterfield's  Sister  to 
Hydrangea;  the  Ascot  Stakes  by 
the  Duke  of  Bichmond's  Vampyre ; 
the  Emperor  of  Kusaia'a  Plate  by 
Mr.  J.  B.  Day's  Hero. 

SO.  St.  AnoDSTiNE'e  Collkots, 
Cahterbcbt.  —  The  consecration 
of  the  chapel  of  the  new  college 
of  St  Augustine,  at  Canterbury, 
was  solemnized,  and  attended  by 
a  large  concoui'se  of  noblemen, 
bishops,  and  Ohnrch  dignitaries, 
and  other  eminent  peraonages  who 
have  taken  interest  in  thie  excel- 
lent foundation.  The  history  of 
the  site  is  well  known.  In  former 
times  the  Benedictine  monastery 
of  St  Augustine  was  scarcely  in- 
ferior in  importance  to  the  neigh- 
bouring cathedral  church  and  the 
shrine  of  the  martyred  Becket. 
Its  buildings  were  preserved  after 
the  Reformation  as  a  royal  palace, 
and  its  two  gateways  are  still 
among  the  most  interesting  archi- 
tectural remains  of  the  city.  The 
great  tower,  of  Norman  architec- 
ture, named  after  St.  Eihelbert, 
was  partly  standing  uutil  within 
the  last  quarter  of  a  century,  and 
may  be  seen  in  all  views  of  the 
ruins  taken  before  ]?34.  Mr. 
Bereeford  Hope,  M.P.  for  Maid- 
stone, inherited  a  taste  for  archi- 
tecture from  his  father,  whose 
works  on  architecture  are  well 
knovm,  But,  besides  thie  taste, 
Mr.  Hope  is  better  appreciated  as 
a  moet  liberal  and  devoted  church- 
roan.  He  purchased  the  site  of  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  dese- 
crated abbey;  and,  having  entered 
into  communication  with  the  pro- 
moters of  the  intended  Missionary 
Vol.  XC. 


College,  undertook  to  adapt  the 
remains  of  the  monastery,  and  to 
contribute  a  considerable  sum  of 
money  towards  the  settlement  of 
the  college.  The  buildings  were 
commenced  at  the  latter  end  of 
the  year  184d.  Mr.  Butlerfield 
was  the  architect  to  whom  the 
commission  of  restoration  and  re- 
building was  intrusted.  The  new 
college  is  built  in  the  style  of  the 
14th  century,  and  harmonizes  ad- 
mirably with  the  fine  old  gateway, 
which  has  been  incorporated  wiUl 
it,  and  now  forms  the  grand 
entrance,  llie  walls  ell  round 
are  faced  with  square  fiint  and 
ragstone,  which,  contrasted  with 
the  red-tiled  roofing,  and  the 
quauit  Gothic  forms  of  the  stone 
masonry  where  it  intervenes,  has 
a  singular  but  very  pleasing  efTect. 
The  gateway  leads  to  a  turfed 
qoadrangle,  with  diagonal  and 
straight  gravel  walks;  a  gravelled 
terrace  runs  round  the  north  and 
east  side  and  part  of  the  south. 
On  the  north  terrace  stand  the 
cloisters,  with  the  students'  dor- 
mitory above  them.  The  cloisters 
are  150  feet  in  length,  and  occupy 
the  space  of  eight  arches. 

In  the  buildings  above  the 
cloisters  are  apartments  for  50 
students,  consisting  of  a  sitting- 
room  and  small  bed- room  adjoining 
for  each;  the  rooms  warmed  witJi 
hot-water  pipes,  and  opening  from 
either  side  into  a  gallery  S50  feet 
long.  On  the  east  side  of  the 
quadrangle  is  an  undercroft,  in- 
tended for  a  museum ;  a  fine  room 
floored  with  red  tiles  and  vaulted 
with  brick,  the  arches  having  stone 
groinings.  Above  the  museum  is 
the  library,  the  entrance  to  which 
forms  the  principal  feature  in  this 
portion  of  the  buildings,  and  for 
the  unostentatious  beauty  of  which 
the  architect  deserves  great  praise. 


82              ANNUAL    REGISTER,  [1848 

It  bat  a  pitehed  oak  roof,  and  is  sympathy  for  the  toldiers,  tbeii 

lighted  on  each  fiide  by  six  vdndows,  horror  of  war,  and  their  desire 

and  at  the  end  by  a  Ui^e  one,  with  that  their  brethren  of  the  Line 

atained  glass.     On  the  south  side  should  fraternize  vith  them   on 

of  the  quadrangle  stand  the  apart-  the  barricade.    General  Breawent 

menta  of  the  ^rden  and  five  fel-  with  them,  thinking  that  he  could 

lows,  the  chapel  of  the  ooU^e,  persuade    the   mon  to  ]xj  aside 

the  dining  ball,  and  the  kitchens,  their  arms.     He  spoke  to  them. 

The  ohapel  is  fitted  up  with  64  shook  hands  with  some  of  them 

Btalla  of  carved  oak,  ranged   in  across  the    barricade,  and   cried 

double  rows  on  either  side.    The  with  them  "  Vive  la  Repnbliqne 

great  window  at  the  east  end  is  Democratique  et  Sooiale!"     The 

filled  with  stained  glass ;  and  on  insurgents  invited  him  to  ooroe  to 

either  dde  of  the  saorarium  are  the   ioaide   of  the  barricade,   to 

two  windows  filled  with  stained  address  their  companions ;  and  he 

elaaa.      The    hall   which    at^^'Uis  ^><^  *<>■    Captain  Mangin,  hia  aid«- 

VM  chapel  is  that  part  in  which  de-camp,  a  eh^  d»  btUaiUon  of  the 

the  ancient  building  has  suEFered  Line,  M.  Dupont,  ehef  d*  bataiUon 

least,  the  roof  being  original.  of  the  Natdonal  Guard,  went  in 

The  constitution  of  ue  college  with  him.  M.  de  Ludre,  a  repre- 
is  that  of  a  warden  and  fellows,  to  sentative  of  the  people,  and  Colonel 
be  under  the  appointment  of  the  Thomas,  of  the  Mobiles,  who  went 
two  archbiahopa  and  some  of  the  with  them  to  the  barricade,  refused 
bishops.  Bishop  Coleridge,  for-  to  go  in.  No  sooner  had  the 
nerly  Diocesan  of  Barbadoes,  has  general  and  the  three  offioena  en- 
been  appointed  the  first  warden,  tered  within  the  barricade,  which 
The  Queen  has  granted  the  college  they  did  by  the  aide  pasai^,  than 
a  charter  of  incorporation.  2,000  men  rose,  and,  presenting 

A  veiy  considerable  sum  was  re-  their  muskets  at  Colonel  Thomas 

ceived  t^r  the  consecration,  and  and  M.  de  Ludre,  threatened  to 

the  sermon  in  the  cathedral ;  but  shoot  the  general  and  the  officers 

nearly  the  whole  expense  of  the  immediately  if  they  did  not  make 

fouDiJation    (said    to  be    between  the  column  lay  down  its  arms. 

80,0001.  and  30,000f.)  is  supplied  Colonel  Thomas  talked  with  the 

by  the  munificence  of  Mr.  Hope.  men,  and  kept  them  en^ed  for 

30.  AsBASsiHATioH  OF  Geneoai,  two  hours,  daring  all  wojch  time 
Bb£a. — On  the  troops  arriving  at  the  muskets  were  levelled  at  him. 
the  head  of  the  attacking  column  During  these  two  hours,  he  re- 
before  the  barricade  at  the  Bar-  ceived  five  notes  from  the  general, 
ri^re  Fontainebleau,  only  fiags  stating  that  the  insurgents  threat- 
were  seen  on  the  barricade,  with  ened  to  kill  him  if  the  troops  did 
now  and  then  some  heads,  which  not  immediately  yield.  Colonel 
were  raised  to  look  at  the  column.  Thomas  caused  General  Cavaignao 
Completesilenoe  prevailed  forsome  to  be  informed  of  the  position  of 
time  on  both  aides;  the  column  things.  General  Oavaignac  re- 
having  halted,  and  got  its  batter-  plied,  nobly  and  sadly,  that  the 
ing-pieces  ready.  At  length  four  safety  of  the  oountiy  must  be 
men  advanced  from  the  barricade  thought  of  before  that  of  indi- 
te QeoeFal  Br^a,  protesting  their  viduals ;  and  he  gave  orders  to 
deTotedoesa  to  the  republi^  their  attack   the    barricade.      Colonel 


TOLT]  CHRONICLE.  83 

Tbomaa  theraupon  inarched  reso-  Guard,    it    has    not    yet    been 

lutelf  to  the  assault.     He  sent  ascertained  what  has  become  of 

two  discliarges  of  grape-shot  at  the  him. 

insurgents,  and  made  the  Mobiles  Elections  to  Pabuuibnt. — 
scale tbe  barricade:  meanwhile, the  Several  eleclioos  of  members  to 
troops  cut  through  the  wall,  and  serrein  Parliament  have  taken  place 
charged  the  insnrgents  in  the  rear,  this  month.  For  North  Cheshire, 
The  latter  were  pitilesaly  shot,  and  vacantbythesncceasion  of  the  Right 
the  position  was  gained.  On  enter-  Hon.  £.  F.  Stanley  to  tbe  peer- 
ing the  suard-honse  near  the  bar-  age,  the  candidates  were  Mr.  Legh 
rioide,  the  assailants  found  two  and  Mr.  Astley;  tbe  former  was 
bodies ;  one  was  recognized  as  successful,  the  numbers  being-~ 
that  of  General  Brea;   the  other 

was  m  horrihtj  disfigured  that  it  Mr.  Legh 8,005 

could  not  be   luiown,  though  it  Mr.  AsUey    3,489 

snbseqnentlj  proved   to  be  that  — — 

of    the  aide-de-camp.      The    two  Mqoritj 786 

other  officers  who  had  entered  the 

barricade  bad  contrived  to  escape ;  At  Horsham,  the  prerions  elec- 
one  by  secreting  bimaelf  under  a  tjon  for  which  borough  had  been 
shed,  the  other  under  a  bed.  Tbe  declared  void  for  corrupt  practices, 
^neml  and  Captain  Mangin  were,  tbe  candidates  were  Mr.  Fitzgerald 
It  appears,  sbamefuUy  ill-treated ;  and  tbe  Hon.  Edward  Howard ; 
their  epaulettes  having  been  Mr.  Fitzgerald  vas  elected. 
dragged  oET,  their  clothes  torn,  At  Cheltenham,  tbe  previous 
and  they  themselves  struck.  Then  election  for  which  had  been  de- 
ft mnslut  was  presented  at  the  dared  void  on  similar  grounds, 
general;  but  a  woman  threw  her-  tbe  Hon.  Craven  Fitzhardinge 
self  in  his  arms  to  protect  him.  Berkeley  defeated  Mr.  Agff 
A  man.  however,  dragged  her  Gardner;  the  numbers  polled 
away,  then  retired  a  few  st^ps,  being  1,094  and  818  respectively, 
and  shot  the  general  in  the  abdo- 
men.   At  the  same  time,  another  

man  discharged  his  musket  at  the 
forehead  of  Captain  Mangin ;  and  JULY, 

whilst  the  poor  officer  covered  his 

face  with  his  band,  nttcring  cries        I.  Wbeck    op   ak    Ehiobant 

of  pain,  a  third  insurgent  struck  Sbif.— The  total  loss  of  an  emi- 

him  down  from   behind  with   a  grant    ship,    the    Commerce,    of 

hatchet    His  nose  end  ears  were  Limerick,   with  upwards  of  100 

then  cut  off,  and  bis  head  was  perBons  on  board,  was  reported  at ' 

mutilated  in  such  a  horrible  man-  Lloyd's.     She  sailed  from  Galway, 

ner  as  to  make  it  impossible  to  in  the  early  part  of  the  spring,  for 

recognise    that    it    was    human.  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick.    About 

Whilst  these    abominable  execu-  70  families,  principally  women  and 

tions  were  taking  place,   a  man  children,    embarked  on  board  at 

dragged  the  chef  de  bataillon  from  Galway,  taking  with  them  eveiy- 

nnder  the  bed,  and  gave  him  his  thing  Uiey  possessed.    On  the  S4th 

blouse  ond  enabled  him  to  escape,  of  May,  she  ran  ashore  on  the  coast 

Aa  to  Uie  officer  of  the  National  of  Nova  Scotia.     The  emlgranta 


84               ANNUAL     REGISTER.  [1848 

rushed  on  deck  in  great  confusion ;  These  perfonnances  have  long 
the  whole  of  them  were  in  their  ceased  to  excite  public  interest; 
bed-clothes.  For  a  few  hours  the  but  a  comparison  of  this  with  the 
ship  remained  in  an  upright  po-  very  many  similar  undertakings  re- 
sition.  As  the  tide  rose,  however,  corded  in  the  early  volumes  of  the 
a  gale  sprang  up,  the  sea  from  Annual  Reoisteb,  will  enable  the 
which  swept  the  decks.  The  boats  curious  reader  to  compare  the 
had  been  lowered,  and  some  of  the  strength  and  endurance  of  this  age 
crew  succeeded  in  ascertaining  that  with  those  of  the  past, 
the  shore  was  accessible  to  land  4.  Consecration  of  thb  Rohan 
the  passengers.  They  returned  Catholic  C athesrat,, St. Georoe's 
and  made  two  trips  between  the  Fields. — The  consecration  of  the 
ship  and  the  land  with  passengers,  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  of  St. 
but  on  attempting  the  third  they  George,  erected  in  St.  Geoi^e's 
were  driven  against  the  rocks,  and  Fields,  Lambeth,  had  been  an 
many  of  the  poor  creatures  met  event  looked  forward  to  with  iu- 
with  a  watery  grave.  The  vessel,  tense  interest  by  alt  the  English 
by  the  continued  beating  on  the  members  of  that  communion, 
rocks,  soon  filled.  In  the  mean-  This  church  is  the  largest  and 
time  the  remainder  o(  the  crew  moat  magnificent  erected  in  Eng- 
contrived  to  effect  a  communication  land  since  the  Reformation  for 
with  the  shore  by  a  line.  One  the  worship  of  the  Church  of  Rome, 
after  another  of  the  emigrants  were  Great  numbers  of  the  ecclesiastical 
dn^ged  through  the  surf  to  the  dignitaries  on  the  Continent  were 
shore  in  a  most  pitiable  condition,  invited  to  the  ceremonial ;  but  the 
Many  were  drowned,  including  troubled  slate  of  the  times  pre- 
almost  all  the  children.  Between  vented  most  of  them  from  attend- 
70  and  80  were  saved,  together  ing.  Therewere  present,  however, 
with  the  crew.  the  Archbishop  of  Treves,  the 
8.  Pedestrianism. — Robert  Bishops  of  Liege,  Toumay,  Cha- 
Goates,  the  London  pedestrian.  Ions,  and  Chersonese,  with  their 
accomplished  a  feat  of  sustained  canons  and  chaplains.  Of  the 
exertion  at  Bristol ;  his  task  was  British  Roman  Catholic  prelates 
to  leap  over  1,000  hurdles  in  3  there  were  present,  besides  Dr. 
hours  and  30  minutes.  The  first  Wiseman,  who  officiated,  Drs. 
300  leaps  were  done  in  60  minutes;  Brown  (Liverpool),  Brown  (Wales\ 
the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  Brown  (Elphni),  Sharpies  (Liver- 
hundred  were  performed  in  16^,  pool),  Gellis  (Edinburgh),  Datis 
SO,  34i,  and  23  minutes.  At  the  (Maitland. Australia). Waring, (east- 
752nd  leap,  Coates  was  distressed,  cm  district),  Briggs  (York),  Morris 
andtookstrongtea;  buthefinished  (Troy).  There  were  300  priests, 
the  eighth  hundred  in  37  minutes,  together  with  members  of  the 
In  the  ninth  hundred  he  nearly  orders  of  Passiouists,  Dominicans, 
fainted ;  but,  taking  more  strong  Cistercijins,  Benedictines,  Francis- 
tea  and  changing  his  clothes,  he  cans,  Oratorians,  and  Brothers  of 
again  went  forward  merrily.  The  Charity.  The  entire  body  of  the 
1,000  were  done  in  3  hours  19  church  was  filled  with  Roman 
minutes  30  seconds.  The  feat  is  Catholic  laity,  amongst  whom  were 
noted  as  the  most  extraordinary  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  the  Earl 
the  kind  ever  performed.  of  Arundel  and  Surrey,  M.P.,  I-ord 


JULY] 


CHRONICLE. 


85 


Cctmoja.Lord  Stafford, Lord  Lovat, 
&c.,  &a.  At  elevea  o'clock,  the 
biabops  were  received  at  the  west- 
ern door,  and  the  procession  formed, 
consisting  of  theTharifer(the  Hon. 
E.  Fetre),  the  Incense-bearer  (Sir 
T.Acton).  Acolytes  (Hon.  E.  Slonor 
and  Mr.  Burke).  Tbe  secular 
clergy  in  soutan  and  surplice,  two 
and  two;  tbe  regulars  in  the  dresses 
peculit^  to  the  different  orders ; 
and,  lastly,  the  bishops  in  their 
mitres  and  robes.  Youths  bearing 
lights  and  lilies  preceded  and 
followed  the  procession.  Dr.  Wise- 
man celebrated  high  mass,  assisted 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Doyle,  the  pastor 
of  the  church.  A  mass,  partly  by 
Hummel  and  partly  by  Drobiscb, 
was  chanted.  The  offertory  was 
sung  by  Tamburini. 

The  church  is  the  work  of  Mr. 
Pugin,  in  the  middle-age  style  of 
architecture.  It  is  240  feet  in 
length,  70  in  width,  and  57  in 
height.  It  is  divided  lengthwise 
into  three  compartments — the  nave 
and  two  aisles.  At  the  head  of 
the  nave  stands  the  chancel,  which 
is  decorated  in  the  richest  manner. 
At  ica^urtbest  end  the  principal 
altar  is  placed,  which  is  profusely 
gilt  and  ornamented ;  and  over  the 
altar  is  placed  a  beautiful  window 
of  stained  glass.  Opposite  the 
altar  is  the  large  cross,  also  richly 
gilt,  bearing  the  image  of  the 
Saviour.  The  floor  of  tiie  chancel 
is  richly  carpeted,  and  the  covering 
of  the  bishop's  throne  is  of  purple 
velvet.  At  the  end  of  each  aisle 
stand  two  smaller  altars,  of  scarcely 
inferior  richness;  one  called  the 
"  Altar  of  the  Blessed  Sacrament," 
and  the  other  the  "  Altar  of  tbe 
Virgin."  There  is  a  massive  tower, 
on  which  a  spire  is  intended  to  he 
raised  hereafter.  The  edifice  has 
already  cost  40,0001.,  and  is  capable 
of  containing  4,000  persons. 


—  The  Chabttst  Tbuls. — 
The  trials  of  the  persons  charged 
with  participation  in  the  recent 
disturbances  in  the  metropolis,  took 
place  at  the  Central  Criminal  Court 
in  the  present  sessions. 

On  Oie  6th  instant,  Joseph  Ire- 
ns9us  T.  Fussell  was  tried  on  the 
three-fold  charge  of  seditious  speak- 
ing, being  presentatanunlavdul  as- 
sembly, and  rioting,  at  the  chartist 
meeting  on  Clsrkenwell  Green, 'on 
the  S9th  May.  The  Judges  held 
that  the  evidence  of  riot  was  in< 
sufi&cient  to  go  to  the  jury.  The 
jury  found  the  prisoner  guilty  of 
sedition,  of  being  present  at  an 
unlawful  assembly :  not  guilty  of 
rioting. 

On  the  following  day,  Williams 
and  Vernon  were  found  guilty  of 
being  present  at  an  unlawful  as- 
sembly, and  the  latter  of  rioting. 
On  the  7th,  Alexander  Sharpe  was 
found  guil^  of  sedition,  being  pre- 
sent at  an  unlawful  assembly  :  not 
guilty  of  rioting. 

The  trial  of  Looney,  on  Saturday, 
was  illustrated  by  a  fracas  between 
the  attorney -general  and  Mi. 
Kenealy,  the  bairister  who  de- 
fended him,  when  the  latter  re- 
ceived a  rebuke  from  the  learned 
judge. — Looney  was  found  guilty  of 
the  two  first  charges,  and  acquitted 
of  the  rioting. 

On  Monday,  Mr.  Ernest  Jones, 
a  barrister,  and  by  far  the  most 
respectable  and  intelligent  of  the 
accused,  was  tried  on  the  same 
threefold  cbaige ;  the  prisoner  was 
convicted  on  the  two  first  and 
acquitted  on  the  third. 

The  prisoners  were  then  brought 
up  for  judgment;  the  sentences  to 
each  were  two  years'  imprisonment 
for  the  sedition,  and  a  shorter  time 
for  the  unlawful  assembly,  and 
securities  to  keep  the  peace  for 
five  years. 


86               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

T.  The  Mubdbb  in  Coldbate-  boart.    A  knife  ms  handed  to  wit- 

FiSLDS Prison. — CmtralCriminal  ness  from  the  cell;   it  is  Buch  a 

Court. — Qeorge  John  HanBOD.  aged  one  as  is  used  in  the  oakum  rooms, 

forty-fife,  described  in  the  calendar  Alfred  Waddilove,  another  pri- 

as  a  jeweller,  was  indicted  for  the  soner,  deposed  to  seeing  the  pri- 

wilful  murder  of  William  Henir  soner  hand  the  deceased  his  pan- 

'Woodhouse,  upon  the  lOtb  of  June,  nikin  nilh  the  left  band,  and  with 

intheparishof  St.  James,  Clerken-  the  right  thrust  the   knife  into 

well.  him.    Deceased  slavered  and  fell, 

Mr.  Clerk  proceeded  to  examine  and  witness  picked  up  the  knife, 
the  witnesses.  Mr.  Wakefield,  the  surgeon  of 
The  first  called  was  Mr.  George  of  the  gaol,  proTed  that  the  knife 
Laval  Chesterton,  who  said,  I  am  entered  between  the  fourth  and 
the  Governor  of  the  Coldbath-fields  fifth  ribs  and  the  heart,  causing 
Prison.  The  prisoner  was  under-  immediate  death, 
going  a  sentence  of  imprisonment  Further  corroborative  evidence 
in  that  gaol  for  misdemeanour.  A  vaa  given, 
few  days  previously  to  the  9tb  of  The  jury  found  tho  prisoner 
June,  the  prisoner  had  made  seve-  guilty,  and  he  was  sentenced  to  be 
ral  complaints  to  me  which  1  did  hanged,  which  sentence  was  carried 
not  believe,  and  from  his  bad  con-  into  execution  on  the  S4th  inst. 
duct  I  told  him  I  should  send  him  This  abominable  wretch  was  under 
to  a  cell  by  himself,  as  ho  was  not  conviction  for  concealing  the  birth 
a  man  fit  to  associate  with  others,  of  a  child,  the  issue  of  an  incestuous 
Upon  the  morning  of  the  lOtb  of  intercourse  with  bis  own  daughter, 
June!  saw  the  prisoner,  and  ordered  by  whom  he  had  had  four  children ; 
his  removal  to  a  cell  in  No.  5  yard;  two  of  which  he  is  supposed  to 
that  was  about  eight  o'clock,  and  have  murdered, 
about  an  hour  afterwards  1  went  — Stolen  Notes. — AttheCen- 
into  the  yard  and  saw  Woodhouse  tral  Criminal  Court,  Abraham  Sim- 
being  brought  out  in  a  dying  slate,  mons.  aged  38,  describe^as  a 
I  went  into  the  cell,  and  said  to  licensed  victualler,  vras  indicted 
the  prisoner  "  You  have  done  a  for  feloniously  receiving  two  bank 
&tal  deed  at  last ;  the  poor  man  is  notes  for  the  payment  of  lOOOI. 
dead."  He  said,  "  Serve  him  right,  each,  well  knowing  the  same  to 
a  b  villain ;  I  only  wish  the  have  been  stolen, 
villain  liatham  had  been  in  the  Mr.  Clarkson  stated  the  some- 
way, I  would  have  served  him  the  what  singular  facta  of  this  case, 
same."  Upon  the  3rd  of  July,  18i3,  Mr. 
William  Cooper,  the  sub-warder  B.  Blakemore,  M.P.  for  Wells, 
of  the  prison,  aiwut  half-past  eight  was  in  London,  and  went  upon 
o'clock,  heard  prisoner  tell  Wood-  that  day  to  the  banking-house  of 
house  he  hoped  he  would  not  forget  Messrs.  Masterman,  where  he  re- 
him  when  the  extra  bread  came  ceived  three',bank  notes,  each  for 
round.  About  half  an  hour  after-  the  payment  of  lOQOl. ;  he  placed 
wards,  bearing  a  screech  come  from  them  in  his  pocket,  and  got  into 
the  direction  of  prisoner's  cell,  wit-  an  omnibus  on  Ludgate  Hi)]  for 
ness  turned  round,  and  saw  de-  the  purpose  of  proceeding  to  the 
ceased  in  the  act  of  falling,  ex-  west  snd  of  the  town.  Upon 
claiming  that  he  was  stabbed  to  the  reaching  his  club  ha  fomid  the 


TOLT]                  CHRONICLE.  87 

notes  bad  beeo  either  stolen  or  name  at  Manchester,  be  could  not 
lost.  Towards  the  latter  end  of  doubt  that  all  was  right, 
the  same  year,  a  clerk  in  the  Mr.  J.  Robertson,  proprietor  of 
branch  bank  of  Liverpool  was  the  Raiiwag  Reeord,  and  Mr.  W. 
tried  and  convicted  of  bavinff  Upham,  a  gentleman  also  con- 
stolen  notes  in  his  possession,  snd  nected  with  that  publication,  de- 
amoDgst  them  was  one  of  those  posed  to  meetiug  the  prisoner  ac- 
belonging  to  the  prosecutor,  which  cidentally  at  Epsom,  and  to  taking 
was  returned  to  him,  and  nothing  lunch  in  his  baronche,  and  that 
was  heard  of  the  remaining  two  after  the  Derby  was  run  a  gen- 
until  last  May,  when  thej  were  tieman  came  up  and  paid  the  pri- 
paid  into  the  London  and  West-  soner  two  notes,  which  be  showed 
minster  Bank,  and  from  thence  to  them,  and  which  were  those  in 
the  Bank  of  England,  where  tlie;  question.  He  was  a  doehing-look- 
were  stopped.  The;  were  then  ing  man  lu  green  spectacles,  and 
trsced  to  the  prisoner,  who  keeps  gave  the  name  of  Green,  of  Man- 
a  tavern  on  the  Surrey  side  of  the  cheater,  which  name  was  endorsed 
water,  who  said  he  bad  taken  upon  the  notes, 
them  on  the  Epsom  race-conrse,  Mr.  Baron  Parke  said  it  would 
on  the  Derby  day,  in  payment  of  be  too  much  to  charge  a  man  with 
a  bet,  but  he  did  not  know  from  felonious  possession  of  a  note  taken 
whom.  He  bad  since  then  given  during  the  bustle  of  a  race.  He 
every  infonnation  to  the  solicitor  only  wanted  to  be  sure  it  was  not 
for  the  prosecution,  and  as  they  a  compromise, 
had  found  his  sutements  were  The  prisoner  was  "  Acquitted," 
true,  and  as  it  would  not  be  lair  to  and  the  notes  were  given  up  to 
say  the  prisoner  had  feloniously  Mr.  Blakemore. 
received  them,  with  his  Lordship's  —  The  SpftalfieldsBall. — A 
permission  he  would  beg  to  with-  magnificent  ball,  the  proceeds  of 
draw  the  prosecution,  and  the  which  were  for  the  benefit  of  the 
notesjo  be  given  up  to  the  prose-  Spitalfields  School  of  Design,  was 
outor.  given  at  the  Drury  Iiane  Theatre, 
His  Lordship  decided  upon  which  was  fitted  up  in  a  s^Ie  of 
hearing  the  evidence  before  he  great  splendour.  The  grand  feature 
would  permit  such  a  course  to  be  of  the  evening  was  the  Marchioness 
adopted.  of  Londonderry's  Quadrille,  which 
Mr.  Henry  Child,  a  partner  in  was  danced  by  a  par^  of  the  nobi- 
the  firm  of  Wire  and  Child,  said  lity  in  appropriate  foncy  dresses, 
they  were  solicitors  to  the  prisoner,  They  represented  various  royal 
and  before  he  was  in  custody  he  and  noble  personages  in  the  his- 
had  told  them  the  notes  were  tory  of  England,  from  the  time  of 
stopped,  and  added  he  had  taken  WUliam  the  Conqueror  to  tbot  of 
them  of  a  gentleman  who  gave  his  Queen  Anne,  and  the  position  of 
name  as  Mr.  Green,  of  Mancbeater,  the  couples  ^-ss  arranged  in  ohio- 
in  payment  of  a  bet  of  20001.  to  nological  order.  The  appearance 
10(>0^  upon  Surplice ;  that  he  of  their  rich  and  varied  coetomes, 
wrote  the  name  on  the  back  of  the  amid  the  crowd  of  fashionably 
notes ;  and  that,  kuowing  there  dressed  spectators,  from  whom 
was  a  sporting  gentLeman  of  that  they  were  only  separated  by  a  cord 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


held  by  a  number  of  gentlemeD 
and  ladies,  was  most  striking. 
The  quadrille  consisted  of  forty 
couples.  The  names  of  the  firat 
and  last  four  couples,  vrill  give 
on  idea  of  the  splendour  of  the 
spectacle: — 

Matilda  of  Flanders,  Lady  A. 
Vane;  William  the  Conqueror, 
Lord  R.  Clinton.  Matilda  of 
Scotland,  Hon.  H.  Montague ; 
Stephen,  Count  of  Boulogne,  Mr. 
OonoUj.  Adeliza  of  Louvoine, 
Lady  A.  F.  Howard ;  Albini,  Earl 
of  Arundel,  Hon.  Mr.  Curzon. 
The  Empress  Maude,  Miss  Foulis ; 
Geoffry  Plantagenet,  Mr.  Hogg. 
Katharine  of  Bragaitza,  Miss 
Wyndham;  Sir  E.  Digby,  Mr. 
Levett.  Anne  Hyde,  Miss  M. 
Hogg ;  Lord  Rusaell,  Mr.  Caven- 
dish. Mary  of  ^lodena,  Hon. Miss 
Barrington :  James  II.,  Lord 
Dufferin.  Mary  of  Orange,  Hon. 
M.  Montague;  Prince  of  Orange, 
Mr.  C.  F.Webster,  QueenAnne, 
Hon.  Miss  Cotton ;  Lord  Gadogan, 
Colonel  of  the  1st  Life  Guar<U  in 
the  time  of  Queen  Anne,  Hon.  D. 
de  Ro9. 

After  payment  of  all  expenses, 
the  Committee  were  able  to  pay 
into  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer 
of  the  School  of  Design  the  hand- 
some sum  of  1800^ 

8,  FoROED  Cbsques.— Central 
Criminal  Court. — James  Henry 
firadbuiy,  aged  38,  and  John 
Clark,  35,  ffere  indicted  for 
forging  and  uttering  two  bankers' 
checks  for  the  several  snms  of 
434i.  16«.  and  3T1/.  7a.  id.,  with 
intent  to  defraud  Sir  Wm.  Lub- 
bock, Bart-,  and  Co.,  the  bankers. 

The  prisoner  Bradbury  pleaded 
"  Guilhf,"  and  there  were  also  two 
other  chai^eB  against  him  for  ob- 
tainuig  the  sums  of  4001.  and 
374/.  Ti.  by  similar  means. 


Mr,  Bodkin,  in  stadng  the  cue 
to  the  jury,  said  it  was  one  of  more 
than  usuaj  public  importance,  not 
from  the  la^e  sums  obtained,  but 
from  the  manner  adopted  in  pre- 
senting the  cheques  for  payment, 
as  it  was  evident  that,  had  the 
foiled  cheques  not  been  detected, 
innocent  persons  would  have  suf- 
fered conviction  for  an  offence  of 
which  they  were  wholly  innocent. 
The  plan  adopted  by  the  prisoners 
proved  a  deeply  laid  scheme,  and, 
although  the  sums  laid  in  the  in- 
dictment vrere  the  only  ones  at 
5 resent  discovered,  there  was  no 
oubt  but  others  to  an  equally 
large  amount  had  been  obtained. 
The  plan  adopted  for  cashing  these 
forged  cheques  was  this: — Two 
young  men  baring  advertised  for 
situations  as  gentlemen's  servants, 
received  answers  appointing  them 
to  meet  the  prisoner  Bradbury  at 
the  East  Intua  Chambers,  at  dif- 
ferent times.  They  were  both 
engaged,  and  received  a  snudl  stun 
in  earnest  of  wages;  they  were 
then  directed  to  go  to  the  bank- 
ing house  and  receive  money  for 
the  cheques,  which  they  did,  and 
handed  the  prisoners  the  money. 
One  of  them.  Newborn,  thinking 
there  was  something  strange  about 
it  took  the  number  of  the  cab,  and 
the  other,  Thomet,  not  meeting 
Bradbury  on  the  day  appointed, 
went  to  Messrs.  Lubbocks',  and, 
having  explained  the  afiair,  they 
discovered  the  forgery.  The  par- 
ticulars of  tbe  foi^ry  having  been 
advertised.  Newborn  came  forward, 
and  handbills,  with  the  numbers  of 
the  notes  paid  for  the  cheques, 
and  the  parUculars,  were  sent  on 
the  Continent.  A  few  days  after- 
wards, information  was  received 
that  two  Englishmen  had  been 
apprehended  by  the  commissary  of 


JULY]                   CHRONICLE.  89 

police  at  the  Brussels  station  for  raoter  from  the  railway  officers;  and 
not  baring  proper  passports,  and  thejury  found  him  "Not  Guilty." 
the  account  they  gave  of  them-  —  Sosfknsion  Bbidoe  at  Nia- 
selves  being  very  unsatis&ctory  oaha  Falls. — This  wonderful  ei- 
ther were  searched ;  and,  sewn  in-  ample  of  American  enterprise  and 
side  of  their  shirts,  next  the  akin,  ingenuity  is  now  so  far  completed 
were  found  nearly  all  the  notes  that  some  hundreds  of  foot  pctssen- 
that  had  been  paid  for  the  cheques,  gers  have  passed  over  it.  The  fol- 
Jobn  Forrester  was  then  sent  over,  lowing  are  some  of  the  details  of 
and  broDght  the  two  prisoners  this  surprising  structure:  Number 
back,  and,  when  in  custody,  they  of  cables  for  bridge,  16;  number  of 
wereseenbythewitnesses.Thomet  strandsineachcable, 600;  ultimate 
and  Newborn,  who  at  once  identi-  tension,  0,600  tons;  capacity  of 
fied  them.  When  at  Brussels,  the  bridge  500  tons;  number  of 
Clark  wore  false  whiskers  and  strands  in  the  ferry  cable,  87; 
moustaches,  and  was  otherwise  dis-  diameter  of  the  cable,  |  inch ; 
guised.  height  of  stone  tower,  08  feet  I 

The  jury  immediately  returned  inch ;   height  of  wood  toner  for 

a  verdict  of  "Guilty,"  and  the  pri-  feny,  60  feet;  base  of  the  tower, 

sonersweresentencedtotiausporta-  SU  square  feet;  aize  at  the  tiip, 

tion  for  twenty  years.  11  squarefeet;  span  of  the  bridge, 

U.  TheShbivehhahAccidekt  800  feet;  whole  weight  of  the 
OH  THE  Gbeat  Western  Railway,  bridge,  660  tons ;  height  from  the 
— At  the  Assizes,  James  Weybury,  water,  230  feet ;  depth  of  water 
a  porter  to  the  Great  Western  under  the  bridge,  260  feet  This 
Railway,  was  tried  for  the  man-  suspension  bridge  is  a  most  sub- 
slaughter  of  Edwin  Wiltshire,  by  lime  work  of  art  It  mi^es  the 
causing  the  accident  to  an  express  head  dizzy  to  look  at  it,  and  yet  it 
train  on  the  10th  of  May,  (see  that  is  traversed  with  as  much  security 
date),  by  which  Captain  Hart,  two  as  any  other  bridge  of  the  same 
clergymen,  and  five  other  pas-  width.  In  appearance  the  execu- 
■engers,  were  mortally  hurt  Wey-  tion  was  a  work  of  peril,  but  it  was 
bury  was  the  porter  who  moved  prosecuted  with  entire  safety.  Not 
the  horse-box  on  to  the  railroad  in  an  accident  happened  since  the 
the  way  of  the  express  train.  Eti-  first  cord  was  carried  across  the 
dence  was  given  that  he  had  gone  river  at  the  tail  of  a  kite.  It  is  ira- 
to  dinner  and  returned  about  three  possible  to  give  a  clear  idea  of  the 
minutes  before  the  express  train  grandeur  of  the  work.  Imagine  a 
cameup:  the  trtun  itself  was  very  foot-bridge600feetinlength,hung 
late,  and  ought  to  have  passed  the  in  the  air,  at  the  height  of  230  feet, 
station  a  quarter  of  an  hour  before  over  a  vast  body  of  water  rushing 
Weybuiy's  return  ;  he,  in  feet,  through  a  narrow  gorge  at  the  rat« 
thought  it  had  done  so.     It  was  of  30  miles  an  hour.    To  a  spec- 


also  proved  that  the  signal-man,  tator  below  it  looks  like  a  strip  of 
vho  knew  the  train  was  late  and  paper  suspended  by  a  cobweb, 
mpaesed,  who  was  on  the  look  out    When  the  wind  is  strong,  the  frait 


for  it,  in  nowise  prevented  Wey-  gossamer- looking  structure  svrays 

buiT  from  occupying  the  main  line  to  and  fro  as  if  reodv  to  start  from 

with  the  Iioise^x.    The  prisoner  its  festenings,  and  it  shakes  from 

received  an  eight-years'  high  cha-  extremity  to  centre  under  the  firm 


00              ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

tnad  of  (he  pedestariao ;  bat  there  20.  AirnQDnus.— Some  interest- 
is  DO  danger — men  pssa  OTer  it  ing  and  Tsloabla  relics  of  old- time 
with  perfect  safety,  while  the  head  faaTe  recentlj  been  sold  hj  Uesare. 
of  the  timid  looker-on  swims  with  Sothebj ;  amongst  them,  a  pair  of 
apprehension.  glores,  belonging  to  Jamea  I.,  from 

16.    The  MimcEB  of  Major  the  Stniwbei^-hill  ooUection,  and 

Habon. — At  Roscommon  Assizes,  alluded  to  b^  Horace  Wal pole  in  a 

Patrick  Hasty,  convicted  of  con-  letter   bearmg   dalA   May   1769, 

spiring  to  murder  M^or  Mahon,  <U.  10«.    A  small  bust  of  Venus, 

and  Owen  Byrne,  convicted  of  con-  of  Parian  mariile,  recendy  fonnd  in 

spiring  to  murder  the  Rev.  John  the   island  of   Cyprus,   sold  for 

Floyd,  were  sentenced  to  be  hanged  8/.   13«.;  an  Etruscan  tazzs,  of 

on  the  8th  of  August  very  elegant  fbrm,  with  figures  in 

At  the    same  Assizes,    James  yellow  upon  a  dark  ground,  sold 

Commins  was  tried  for  taking  part  for  I U. ;     two  caskets  of  the  rare 

in  the  conspiracy  to  murder  Major  Limoges  enamel,  illustratiTe  of  the 

Hahon.     The  some  eridence  was  life  of  Sampson,  &c.,  formerly  in 

giTon  for  the  prosecution  and  the  the  collection  of  Boron  Denon,  sold 

defence  as  in  Hasty's  case ;    but  for  37/.  G». ;  a  curious  tankard  of 

the  jut7  could  not  agree,  and  they  ivory,  with  figures  of  sea  nymphs, 

were  locked  up  all  night.     Next  &e.,  of  most  beautiful  execution, 

day  they  remained  unchanged  and  sold  for  45/. ;  a  small  marble  figure 

discordant  in  opinion,   and   were  of  "Cupid  stung  by  g  bee,"  sold 

discharged;  but  Commins  was  de-  for  13/.  10s.    Among  some  anti- 

tained  for  trial,  quities  found  in  Ireland,  were,  a 

The  Pession  List. — A  Parlia-  fibula  of  solid  gold,  with  trumpet- 
mentary  return  just  issned  shows  shaded  ends,  dug  up  at  Castle  Troy, 
the  allocation  of  thel200{.  of  pen-  Limerick,  and  weighing  upwards 
sion-money  for  the  year  ending  the  of  three  ounces,  puichased  by  Lord 
'iOth  June  1648.  To  Christian  Hastings  for  14/.;  a  knight  Tem- 
M'Goskill  and  Jessie  M'Gaakill,  in  plar's  cross,  silver  gilt,  found  at 
consideration  of  the  gallant  se^  Fethard  Abbey,  Tipperary,  3/.  Ss. ; 
vices  of  their  brother,  the  late  Sir  a  gold  ring,  engraved  with  coat  of 
John  M'Caskitl,  601.  each  oddi-  arms,  supposed  to  be  thoae  of  the 
tionol ;  the  Rev.  Theobald  Mathew,  Hewitt  family,  8/,  13>.;  anantiqne 
8001.;  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  aOM,;  ring  set  vrith  jasper,  and  described 
the  widow  and  six  daughters  of  Dr.  in  Rtiddtr's  Hittory  of  OlowMter, 
Chalmers,  300/. ;  the  two  children  it.  f>».;  three  spearheads  of  bronse 
of  Thomas  Hood,  1001. ;  the  two  of  great  rarity,  found  at  New  Ross, 
daughters  of  the  late  Sir  Archibald  sold  for  3/.  6*. 
Christie,  601.;  Mr.  George  New-  —  Goodwood  Races. — The 
port,  F.R.S.,  in  consideration  of  very  unfavourable  state  of  the  wea- 
his  researches  and  discoveries  in  ther  caused  this  (now  the  most 
comparative  anatomy  and  physio-  fashionable  of  all  the  racing  meet- 
logy,  lOOJ. ;  the  two  daughters  of  ings)  to  go  off  with  less  eclat  than 
the  late  Professor  George  Joseph  usud.  The  Goodwood  Stakes,  ItiS 
Bell,  in  consideration  of  his  labours  subscribers,  were  won  by  Mr. 
in  the  improvement  of  the  law  of  Merry's  Chanticleer  ;  the  Good- 
Scotland,  1001. ;  the  widowof  Gen.  wood  Cup  by  Van  Tromp. 
Frederick  Uaitland,  50/.  Feabful   Conflaosatiohs   of 


JULY] 


CHRONICLE. 


91 


CiTiBS. — The  conntriea  of  both 
the  Old  and  the  New  World  have 
aiifiered  great  calamiljes  b;  the 
destruction  of  principal  cities  by 
fire,  within  a  abort  period  of  each 
other.  Od  the  eveningof  the  ITth 
July,  when  the  French  steamer 
was  eighty  miles  at  sea  from  Con- 
stantinople, which  she  left  in  the 
morning,  she  saw  &  light  in  the 
horizon  as  if  Constantinople  were 
on  fire.  Intelligence  has  since  ar- 
rived that  a  fire  did  break  out  on 
that  day,  at  Pera,  which  destroyed 
3,000  houses  before  it  ceased. 

Another  and  more  terrible  visita- 
tion, by  which  many  of  the  prin- 
cipal buildings  of  the  city  were 
destroyed,  occurred  on  the  16th 
August.  It  begnn  at  a  fruit  bazaar 
in  the  Yemish  Iskelessi,  between 
the  two  bridges,  and  spread  with  a 
velocity  that  defied  all  efibrts  to 
check  it.  A  spectator  baa  de- 
scribed the  scene. 

"  In  the  immediate  neighbour- 
hood of  the  fruit  bozzar  was  the 
Yagh  Kapan,  or  oil  depot;  the 
magazines  and  warehouses  being 
well  stocked  with  tbis  inflamma- 
ablo  matter  ;  on  the  other  eide,  to- 
wards the  arsenal,  was  an  im- 
mense timber-yard,  the  greatest  in 
the  city,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in 
length,  one  hundred  feet  in  height, 
and  five  hnndred  in  breadth.  By 
eight  o'clock  both  these  places  were  ■ 
invaded  by  the  flames.  ♦  «  * 
A  compact  mass  of  shipping  vras 
moored  opposite  this  spot ;  and  the 
masting  of  several  Turkish  vessels, 
laden  with  oil,  wheat,  and  timber, 
soon  took  fire,  and  rendered  the 
scene  on  the  placid  and  tranquil 
vrater  elill  more  sublime  than  on 
land.  The  shrill  cries  of  the  com- 
manders of  the  menaced  vessels, 
the  long,  conlinuoos,  and  savage 
howls  of  the  mariners  and  sailors, 
in  their  endeavoun  to  draw  their 


crafts  from  the  theatre  of  the  oon- 
flagration,  all  tended  to  imprest 
the  spectator  with  the  grandeur  of 
the  dreadful  calamity  that  had  be- 
fallen the  city  of  Constantinople-" 
Thence  the  fire  spread  along  the 
hill,  eating  up  houses,  palaces, 
hanging-gardens,  the  Mosque  of 
Suleymanieh,  and  the  Port  of  the 
Ulemas.  According  to  a  detailed  es- 
timate, the  fire  has  consumed  some 
2S00  shops  and  500  houses  ;  about 
forty  of  the  latter  were  splendid 
palaces,  belonging  to  the  Sheik- 
uMslam,  Mustapna  Pacha,  Baid 
Focha,  Irret  Pacha,  Hassan  Pacha, 
and  others.  The  general  loss  is 
calculated  between  3,000,000/.  and 
and  4,000,000/.  sterling,  but  some 
have  carried  it  to  6,00l),000/.  This 
fire  exceeds  that  of  Peru,  two 
months  back,  not  only  in  the  ex- 
tent, but  in  the  value  of  the  objects 
destroyed. 

The  whole  of  the  Russian  town 
Orel,  of  1337  bouses,  was  burnt 
down  on  the  7th  of  June,  Four 
churches,  four  bridges,  and  upwards 
of  3,400,000  roubles'  worth  of  other 
property,  were  destroyed. 

The  city  of  Zell,  on  the  Moselle, 
was  ravaged  by  a  fira  on  the  93d 
AugusL  A  south-west  wind  rapidly 
ur^  the  flames ;  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  place — some  two  hun- 
dred houses — was  destroyed.  Two 
thousand  people  were  rendered 
houseless,  and  lost  nearly  all  they 
possessed. 

A  letter  from  the  United  States, 
dated  the  16th  September,  says, 
"  Never  within  the  brief  period  of 
a  week  do  I  remember  so  manj 
and  such  extensive  losses  by  fire, 
in  the  United  States.  In  the  At- 
lantic States,  we  have  had  a  two- 
months'  drought,  which  has  ren- 
dered timber  buildings  and  mWQy 
kinds  of  merchandise  unusually 
inflammable.      Hence,  probably. 


02               ANNUAL    REGISTER,  [1848 

the  frequency  of  confla^tdon.  B7  Mn.  Jackson,  and  her  family,  were 
for  the  most  destructive  was  the  bo  great,  that  Mr.  Jackson  waa 
awful  fire  at  Brooklyn,  on  Saturday  alarmed,  and  on  ascertaining  ths 
night  lost;  which  was  only  arrested  cause  he  went  up  the  flight  of 
by  the  marines  from  the  Navy-  steps  which  leads  to  the  entrance 
yard  blowing  up  three  houses,  of  his  dwelling,  where  he  met  Todd 
Nearly  fifteen  acres  in  the  very  with  a  double-barrelled  gun  in  his 
centre  of  Brocklyn  are  de3olat«d,  hands.  Mr.  Jackson  endeavoured 
involdng  the  following  loss — 260  by  every  possible  means  to  pacify 
houses  and  stores,  S  churches,  and  him  and  prevent  him  coming  out 
a  poBtK>ffice;  four  lives  lost,  and  after  llisa  Dobson^  and  at  last 
nine  persons  wounded ;  property  Todd,  seeing  that  Mr.  Jackson 
destroyed  worth  1,050,000  dollars,  would  not  let  him  out  of  the  house, 
On  Sunday-night,  thirty-five  of  the  raised  his  gun,  and  shot  him 
best  hotiees  in  Potsville,  Pennsyl-  through  the  heart.  Mr.  Jackson 
vania,  were  destroyed  by  fire — loss  leapt  a  considerable  height,  and 
100,000  dollars.  The  Catholic  instantly  dropped  down  dead,  in 
church  at  Boston,  under  the  care  the  presence  of  his  wife  and  family, 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fitzsimmons,  The  neighbours  rapidly  assembled, 
has  been  accidentally  burnt — ^loss  seized  me  murderer,  and  bound 
75,000  dollars.  There  hare  been  him  hand  and  foot  with  cords,  in 
other  firea  at  New  York.  Albany,  which  state  he  was  handed  over  to 
Boston,  St.  Louis,  Newburg,  &c. ;  the  police, 
while  fires  in  the  woods  are  raging  Danibb  West  I»DrES. — By  the 
in  many  regions  to  a  great  extent,  mail-steamer  Dee,  which  left  St. 
both  in  the  United  States  and  the  Thomas  on  the  IGth  of  July,  iniel- 
Biitish  provinces.  Butter  Hill,  ligence  was  received  of  a  revolu- 
and  several  mountains  on  the  tion  in  the  Danish  island  of  St. 
North  River,  are  pyramids  of  flame;  Croix.  The  negroes  rose  in  re- 
presenting a  sublime  spectacle  to  bellion,  and  extracted  from  the 
the  night  passengers  between  Al-  local  governor  a  declaration  of 
bany  and  New  York."  their  immediate  freedom ;  the  Go- 
28.  McBDER  SEAS  Pehbith. —  vemmont  in  Copenhagen  having 
A  very  atrocious  murder  was  per-  but  lately  decreed  gradual  emaa- 

Ktrated  at  Bowscar,  on  Penrith  ci[Httion   in   twelve  years.     The 

:11,  a  bouse  belonging  to  Gaptain  rising  was   deliberately    planned, 

Youngson.     It  appeared  that  in  but  it  occurred   prematurely ;    a 

the  morning    some  angry  words  slave  woman  revealed  the  negro 

had  passed  between  Joseph  Todd,  plans  to  her  white  mistress,  and 

a  gamekeeper,  and  Mary  Oobson,  so    the    movement   was    precipi- 

the  housekeeper.     Todd  left  the  tated.    The  slaves  rose  on  the  3rd 

house,  but    returning    he    found  of  June,  and  took  possession  of 

Mary  Dobson  in  the  house  of  Mr.  GbristianstoedondFrederickstoed; 

Jackson,  a  farmer,  when  he  imme-  sacked    the   Government  houses, 

diately  seized  her  by  tlie  throat  and  committed  universal   pillage 

and  threw  her  upon  the  floor,  and  and  destruction.     The  merchants 

would  have  strangled  her,  had  not  retreated  on  board  a  Danish  frigate 

Mrs.    Jackson   and   one   of  her  and  two    English  ships ;    whose 

daughters   rescued   her  bova  his  captains   are    greatly  landed    for 

grasp.   The  cries  of  Mary  Dobson,  their  generosity.     The  Governor 


JULY) 


CHRONICLE. 


93 


waa  paralyzed,  and  offered  no  re- 
sistance to  the  movement:  gome 
accounts,  indeed,  chaise  him  with 
complicity,  and  with  having  pro- 
mised the  negroes  that  they  miglit 
"  pillage  a  littU,  if  no  lives  were 
taken."  Fires  were  raised  on  the 
country  estates  all  over  the  ieland. 
The  negroes  held  sway  till  the 
5th  at  night ;  but  then  assistance 
was  sent  from  the  Spanbh  island 
of  Porto  Hico,  in  troops  and  artil- 
lery. The  merchants  deposed 
Governor  Scholten,  chose  a  Pro- 
Tisiona]  Government,  marched 
against  the  negroes,  and  defeated 
them,  and  soon  put  the  movement 
down  throughout  the  island.  Go- 
vernor-General Oxholm  arrived 
from  St.  Thomas,  and  ratified  their 
acts.  The  Govemor's  act  of  im- 
mediate emancipation  it  was  not 
thought  safe  to  revoke;  so  that 
also  was  ratified.  Many  of  the 
ringleaders  were  shot. 

30.  The  Rebelliok  in  Ibe- 
I.AND. — It  had  heen  for  some  time 
rumoured -that  the  plana  of  the 
Irish  malcontents  were,  however 
desperate,  shortly  about  to  be  put 
into  action,  and  that  an  insurrec- 
tion might  be  expected  to  com- 
mence within  a  few  days ;  the 
public  were  consequently  in  a  state 
of  some  anxiety  upon  the  subject. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  week  it 
became  known  that  the  Irish  club 
leaders  and  sedition  writers  had 
fled  from  Dublin,  the  Nation  and 
Irish  Felon  threw  off  the  musk 
and  openly  exhorted  to  revolt.  Mr. 
Smith  O'Brien  and  other  principal 
anarchists  were  knon^  to  have 
proceeded  to  join  their  adherents 
in  the  southern  counties,  and 
were  reported  to  have  reviewed 
large  bodies  of  insurgents  in  Kil- 
kenny, Wexford.  Waterford,  Tip- 
perary,  and  Limerick. 

Meanwhile,    the    Ooveroment 


were  putting  in  activity  ii 
means  of  every  description  to  pre- 
vent or  crush  an  outbreak.  The 
Habeas  Corpus  Suspension  Act 
arrived  at  Dublin  on  the  Q6th ; 
warrants  were  despatched  to  the 
South  for  the  arrest  of  Mr.  O'Brien, 
Mr.  Meagher,  and  some  dozen 
more  of  the  Club  leadere.  An  im- 
mense militaiy  force  was  concen- 
trated on  Corrick  and  Waterford ; 
and  the  whole  south  coaat  became 
alive  with  war-steamers,  under  Sir 
Charles  Napier.  The  lUiadaman- 
Ikut  was  stationed  at  Waterford, 
with  her  guns  enfilading  the  great 
thorough&res  of  the  town ;  and  a 
fleet  of  armed  steamers  at  Cork. 

The  same  day  Lord  Clarendon 
issued  a  proclamation  declaring 
the  illegality  of  the  cluhs,  and 
"  strictly  commanding  all  persons 
to  withdraw  from  and  abandon  the 
same."  In  consequence,  some  clubs 
actually  dissolved  themselves.  On 
the  S4th,  proclamation  had  been 
iastied  setting  forth  the  names  of 
the  officers  authorized  to  grant 
licences  for  bearing  arms ;  and  in 
the  course  of  the  week  these  officers 
held  sittings  to  issue  licences,  and 
were  most  rigid  in  requiring  rea- 
sons from  each  applicant  why  arms 
should  be  allowed  to  him,  and  in 
demanding  surrenders  on  the  most 
trifling  reasons  alleged  by  the 
police. 

91.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Privy 
Council,  held  at  the  Castle,  Dub- 
lin, it  was  resolved  to  place  the 
following  counties  and  baronies  of 
counties  under  the  operation  of  the 
Prevention  of  Crime  and  Outrage 
Act.  This  step  haa  been  taken 
with  a  view  of  effecting  a  general 
disarmament  of  the  rebels  ;— 

1.  County  Kerry.  9.  Countyof 
the  town  of  Galway.  3.  Baronies 
of  Kanbirk,  Skibbereen,  Skull, 
Castletown,    Serehaven,    Bantry, 


94               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

Uftcroon,  coantr  Cork.  4.  Gonnty  yearsof  age,  fire  fMteleTeniiicliea 
Wexford.  C.  Goonly  Carloir.  6.  in  height,  dark  hair,  daric  eyes. 
Queen's  County.  7.  County  Kil-  thin  aaJlot*  face,  rather  thin  block 
dare.  8.  County  Wicklow.  0.  whiskers ;  dressed  respectable ; 
Baronies  of  Ballybay,  Ballycwran,  hu  bilious  look. 
Coolestown,  Kilooursey,  Gesshill,  "  Michael  Doheny,  banister.  40 
Upper  Philipstown,  Lower  Philips-  years  of  age,  fire  feet  eight  inches 
town,  Warrinstown,  King's  County,  in  height,  sandy  hair,  gray  eyes, 
10.  County  Westmeath.  II.  ooarse  red  face  like  a  man  given  to 
County  Louth.  I'i.  Baronies  of  drink,  high  cheek  bones,  wants 
Casdepollard,  Olonkee,  Tullygorry,  several  of  his  teeth,  very  rulgar 
Lower  Loughtee,  county  (kvan.  ^pearance,  peculiar  coarse  un- 
IS.  Barony  of  Famey,  county  pleasant  v<nce ;  dress  respectable ; 
Monaghan.  14.  Baronies  of  Upper  snail  short  red  whiskers. 
FawB  and  Upper  Orier,  county  '■  Richard  O'Gomian,  jun.,  bar- 
Armagh.  16.  Barony  of  Newry,  rister,  30  years  of  age,  five  feet 
county  Down.  eleven  inches  in  height,  very  dark 

A   Privy  Council   was  held  at  hair,  dark  eyes,  thmg  long  face, 

Dublin  Castle,  when  proclamations  large  dark  whiskers,  well  made 

were  agreed  to,  offering  rewards :  and  active,  walks  upright ;  dress, 

"  For  the  arrest  of  William  Smith  blsck  frock  coat,  tweed  trousers. 

O'Brien,    6001.;    for  Francis   T.  "Thomas  D'Arcy  M'Gee,  con- 

Meagber,  John  B.  Dillon,  and  Mi-  nected  M^ttb  the  Nation  newspaper, 

cha^Doheny,  each  or  either,  dOOi.;  33  years  of  age,  five   feet  three 

to  him  who  shall  secure  and  de-  inches  in  height,  black  hair,  dark 

liver  into  safe  custody  the  persons  face,    delicate,  pale,   thin    man  ; 

aforesaid."    The  charge  alleged  in  dresses  generally  black  shooting 

the    proclamation    was — "  having  coat,  plaid  trousers,  li^t  vest, 

taken  up  anus  agaiust  Uer  Ida-  "Ihomas    Devin   Reilly,  eub- 

jesty."  editor  of  the  Feion  newspaper,  21 

The  Hue  and  Cty  publishes  the  years  of  age,  five  feet  seven  inches 

following  sketches  of  the  personal  in  height,  sandy  coarse  hair,  gray 

appeaiaitce  of  the  rebel  generals  eyes,  round  freckled  face,  head  re- 

and  their  aides-de-camp.  markably  broad  at  the  top,  broad 

"  William  Smith  O  Brien. — No  shoulders ;  well  set ;  dresses  well." 

occupation,  46  yeora  of  age,   six  In    the    meanwhile    the    most 

feet  in  height,  sandy  hair,   dork  vigorous  measures   were  pursued 

eyes,  sallow  long  iace,  has  a  sneer-  by  Oovemment.     The  forces  wore 

ing  smile  constantly  on  his  face,  concentrated,  arrests  made  of  per- 

fuU  whiskera,  sandy,  a  litllo  gray ;  sons  known  to  be  about  to  join  the 

well  set  man,  walks  erect,  dresses  insurgents,  and  the  trials  of  those 

well.  already  in  the  hands  of  Govem- 

"  Thomas  Francis  Meagher. —  ment  were  pressed  on,  eo  as  to 

No  occupation,  35  years  of  age,  five  show  that  in  this  country  at  least 

feet  nine  inches,  dark,  nearly  black  there  would  be  no  want  of  vigour 

bur,  light  blue  eyes,  pale  fiLce,  in  maintaining  our  existing  insti- 

high  cheek  bones,  peculiar  espres-  tutions. 

eion  about  the  eyes,  cocked  nose.  Numerous  arrests    of    persona 

no  whiskers ;  well  dressed.  known  to  be  engaged  in  the  matm- 

"  John  B.  Dillon,  barrister,  33  fiuture  of  pikes,  and  others  impli- 


AUG.] 


CHRONICLE. 


oBted  in  the  designs  of  the  insQT- 
gents,  were  made  daily. 

At  length  the  long  Bmouldering 
fire  appeared  to  hate  broken  out. 
The  Timet  of  the  27th  contiuped 
the  following : — 

■■  LiTetpool,  Tbunday  MonuDg, 

Ths  following  intelligence  was 
reeeiTed  (per  special  engine)  last 
evening  bj  the  editor  of  the  Dublin 
Evening  Pott : — 

"  The  whole  of  the  south  of  Ire- 
land is  in  rebellion. 

"  The  station  at  Thurles  is  on 
fire,  the  rails  for  several  miles  torn 
up,  and  the  mob  intend  detaining 
the  engines  as  they  arriTe. 

"  At  Clonmel  the  fighting  ia 
dreadful.  The  people  arrive  in 
masses.  The  Dnblin  club  leaders 
are  there.  The  troops  were  speedily 
overpowered  ;  many  refused  to  act. 

"  The  military  at  Carriclc  have 
shown  disafiection,  and  have  been 
driven  back  and  their  quarters 
fired. 

"At  Kilkenny  the  contest  is 
proceeding,  and  here  the  mob  are 
also  swl  to  be  successful. 

"  No  news  from  Waterford  or 
Cork." 

This  announcement  proved  to 
be  without  foundation,  and  probably 
originated  in  a  desire  to  spread 
alarm  and  confusion. 

The  details  of  the  miserably 
abortive  attempt  at  rebellion  be- 
long to  the  department  of  "  His- 
tout;"  but  a  few  of  the  more 
Striking  incidents,  which  do  not 
form  a  port  of  that  narrative,  will 
be  from  time  to  time  chronicled. 

The  funds  were  considerably 
agitated  by  the  news,  coupled  with 
the  certain  distress  arising  from 
the  potato  blight  and  commercial 
dopreswon. 


AUGUST. 

1.  The  Rsbbluoh  n  Ibsi.uid. 
— Tm  Attack  oit  Widow  Cor- 
haoe's  House. — The  anxiety  of 
tiie  public  respecting  the  antid- 
patea  outbreak  in  Ireland  was  at 
once  allayed  by  the  annonncament 
in  the  Timet  of  the  attack  on  Wi- 
dow Connack's  House,  on  Bou- 
lagh  Common. 

"10  o'clock,  A.M. 

"  We  have  received  by  electrio 
telegraph,  from  Liverpool,  ac- 
counts from  our  own  correspondent 
in  Dublin,  who  informs  us  that  our 
reporter,  ^vriting  from  Willmont, 
Ballingany,  on  Saturday  night 
(July  SOth),  states  that  the  rebel- 
lion, which  actually  oommenoed  on 
that  morning,  had  been  decisively 
checked  by  00  or  60  police. 

"  On  the  common  at  Boulagh, 
near  Ballingarry,  a  collision  took 
place ;  three  of  the  insui^ents  were 
shot  and  several  wounded. 

"  Smith  O'Brien,  who  headed  in 
person,  had  fled,  completely  de- 
serted by  the  rebels,  towards  Ur- 
lingford,  and  it  was  expected  he 
would  be  made  prisoner  before 
night. 

"  Doheny,  Keilly,  and  Dillon 
were  also  in  the  field;  the  latter 
was  said  to  have  been  killed." 

Arrest  or  Mb,  Shith  O'Brien. 
— The  Timet,  London  journal,  of 
the  Tth,  announced  the  arrest  of 
this  misguided  person. 

.     "  ThuTld,  SUurdij  n^t 

"  This  evening,  at  8  o'clock,  Mr. 
Smith  O'Brien  was  arrested  in  the 
town  of  Thurles,  just  as  he  was  on 
the  point  of  leaving  for  Limerick. 
The  arrest  was  made  without  tlie 
slightest  resistance  either  on  the 
rart  of  the  prisoner  or  the  people. 
He  was  recognised  in  passing 
through  the  principal  street  of 
Thurles  by  Huime,  a  guard  in  the 


96               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

employ  of  the  Great  Southern  and  bij  short  space  of  time,  a  troop  of 
Western  Railwaj  Company.  Mr.  dragoons  and  a  detachment  of  in- 
03rien  asked  lum  the  way  to  the  fiutry  were  drawn  out  as  an  escort 
railway  station,  and  Hulme,  having  to  the  station." 
answered  the  question,  immediately  In  cousequence  of  these  earn- 
sentasoldieroffforreinforcements.  mary  measures,  no  resistance,  if 
He  himself  followed  Mr.  O'Brien  any  was  to  be  expected,  was  ex- 
to  the  station.  On  arriving  there  perienced  in  conveying  the  pri^ 
Mr.  O'Brien  asked  for  a  second-  soner  to  Dublin.  The  news  of  the 
class  ticket  to  Limerick,  the  price  arrest  ran  like  wildfire  over  the 
of  which  he  paid.  His  manner  country  —  the  people  appeared 
was  BO  embarrassed  that  the  clerk  panic-strickea  at  the  fiite  of  the 
noticed  it,  and  particularly  the  leader  of  the  insurgent  army .' 
tremor  of  the  hand.  He  did  not.  On  the  13th,  three  other  prin- 
however,  recognise  his  face.  Hav-  cipol  leaders  in  this  miserable  af- 
ittg  given  more  money  than  was  fair,  viz.,  Meagher,  ODooaghue, 
sufficient  to  pay  the  fariB,  the  clerk  and  Leyne,  were  arrested  by  a 
returned  him  (id.  change,  but  he  police  patrol  on  the  road  between 
took  DO  notice  of  this,  and  was  Rathcommon  and  Holy  Cross — 
walking  anay,  when  the  clerk  they  mode  no  resistance, 
called  nim  lack.  On  bis  return  Thk  Peubbobb  CoLLEcnoN  of 
he  asked  which  was  the  right  plat-  Coiks. — The  celebrated  collec- 
fonn  to  go  to,  and  being  told  that  tion  of  coins  made  by  the  taste  and 
it  was  that  opposite  where  he  wealthof  Thomas,  the  eighth  Earl 
stood,  he  crossed  the  line  to  get  to  of  Pembroke  (who  enjoyed  that 
it.  There  he  was  immediately  ar-  title  from  1683  to  1733),  and  which 
rested  by  Hulme,  who  commanded  has  ever  since  been  the  pride  of 
him  to  surrender  himself  in  the  that  noble  fiunily  aad  of  the  Eng- 
Queen's  name,  and  seized  hia  arm,  lish  numismatists,  was  sold  by 
to  prevent  any  resistance  or  the  auction  by  Messrs.  Sotlieby,  th« 
use  of  a  weapon.  Head-constable  sale  extending  ever  twelve  days, 
Hanover,  D,  who  held  the  warrant  between  the  81st  July  and  die 
for  his  arrest,  immediately  assisted  19Lh  August.  Although  this  &- 
Hulme,  and  Mr.  O'Brien  was  at  mous  cabinet  will  not  bear  corn- 
once  disarmed  of  a  small  pistol  parison,  as  a  serial  and  scientific 
which  he  carried  in  his  waistcoat  collection  of  coins  and  medals, 
pocket,  and  which  was  the  only  yet  it  was  well  nigh  unequalled 
weapon  he  had  about  him.  The  in  the  rarity  and  value  of  indivi- 
reinforcement  which  Hulme  had  dual  examples.  Owing  to  this,  and 
the  prudence  to  send  for,  and  the  intrinsic  value  and  beauty  of 
which  consisted  partly  of  police  many,  the  sale  was  eagerly  attend- 
aiid  partly  of  soldiers,  now  ar-  ed  by  numismatists  of  this  country 
rived,  and  Mr.  O'Brien  was  at  and  the  Continent,  and  very  large 
once  conducted  to  the  gaol,  where  prices  were  realized.  It  would,  of 
arrangements  were  made  for  his  course,  be  impossible  to  give  any- 
lodgment  during  the  night  Qe-  thing  like  a  connected  catalogue  of 
neral  M'Donald,  however,  wisely  the  various  coins  which  were  now 
determined  to  send  the  prisoner  dispersed;  but  a  selection  of  those 
without  a  moment's  delay  to  Dub-  which  were  of  the  greatest  rarity 
lin,  and  accordingly,  io  an  incrodi-  and  brought  the  highest  prices  will 


AUG.]                   CHRONICLE.  97 

be  of  much  interest.  Among  the  of  Ednsrd  VI.,  presumed  to  be 
moat  remarkable  of  the  British  unique  from  the  fact  of  all  the 
coins  were : — a  penny  of  Ofia  King  books  upon  the  coinage  citing  this 
of  Msrcia,  in  an  eztraordinaiy  state  specimen,  sold  for  the  large  sum 
ofpreservation,8oldfor  lOguineas;  of  180/.  An  uncertain  pattern  or 
whilst  a  penny  of  Cynethrytli,  his  coronation  jetton  of  the  same  mo- 
queen,  produced  the  large  sum  of  narch,  bearing  date  1547,  and  of 
311.;  Wiglaf  King  of  Mercia,  a  great  rarity,  571.  Oliver  Crom- 
pennj,  struck  between  the  years  835  well—pattern  for  a  fifty-shilling 
and  839,  sold  for  SOI.  A  penny  piece,  by  Simon,  1656,  76/,;  a 
of  SitricKingof  Northumbris.,ina  pattern  for  a  ten-shilling  piece  of 
perfectstate,andconsideredunique,  Oliver  Cromwell,  21/.  10*.  The 
struck  A.D.  915,  sold  for  40/.;  a  Commonwealth — pattern  for  a  half- 
penny of  Anlaf,  another  of  the  crown,  by  filondeau,  for  SI/;  a 
Kings  of  Northumhria,  ^3/.  Vig-  pattern  for  a  shilliug  of  the  same 
mund  Archbishop  of  York,  a.d.  type,  equally  beautiful,  13/.  JO*. 
851,  a  golfl  solidos  weighing  67  " Raramagee'"  pattern  half-crown, 
grains,  59/. ;  a  silver  penny  of  a  most  beautiful  coin,  S7/.  10*. 
Heniy  Bishop  of  Winchester,  tlie  Oliver  Cromwell— a  pattern  eix- 
ille^timate  brother  of  Stephen,  pence,  by  Simon,  Bold  for  8/. 
unique,  and  weighing  15  grains,  Charles  II. — the  celebrated  pat- 
30/.  10*.  A  penny  of  Ecgbercht,  tern  crown,  by  Simon,  well  known 
16/.  6*.;  and  one  of  Harthacnut,  as  the  "Petition  Crown,"  though 
IT/.     Of   the    English   coins,  a  not  so  fine  as  that  formerly  Mr. 

Knnyof  Henryl.,  11/.;  and  one  of  Durrent'a,  135/.    Among  the  Irish 

ibert  Earl  of  Gloucester,  hisille-  siege  pieces  of  CharlesI,,  twoln- 

gitimate  son,  being  the  only  speci-  chiquiu  groats  of  irregular  octa- 

men  known,  except  one  iu  the  Bri-  Ronal  form,  having  the  weight,  1 

tisb  Museum,  111.  10*.;  a  penny  dwt.   6   grains,  stamped  on   each 

of  Eustace,  son  of  Stephen,  sold  for  side,  extremely  rare,  34/.  5*. 

17/.  10*.    Henry  VII.,  a  shilling  The  Greek  series,  autonomous 

struck  in  the  year  1504,  and  tlie  and  imperial,  the  extreme  beauty 

first  coin  known  by  the  name,  t^3/.  of  the  coins,  and  their  fine  state  of 

A  testoon,  or  shilling,  of  Edwsrd  preservation,  excited  surprise  and 

VI.,  15/.    Chsrles  T.,  a  twenty-sbil-  admiration  : — on  uncertam  coin  in 

ling  piece  of  the   Oxford  Mint,  gold,  weighing  72  grains,  supposed 

struck  iu  the  year  1644,  in  an  ok-  to  belong  to  Carthage,  and  consi- 

tremely  fine  condition,  S5/.  10*. ;  dered  unique,  sold  for  30/.  10*. ;  a 

a  curious  siege  piece,  an  oblong  gold  coin  of  Tarentum,  iu  Cala- 

piece  of  silver,  rudely  impressed  bria,  having  on   the  obverse  the 

with  a  castle,  struck  at  Scaibo-  head  of  Hercules  covered  with  a 

rough,  34/.  10*.    Among  the  Eng-  lion's  skin,  H-il.  5i.     Roman   se- 

lisb  coins  in  gold  were — a  noble  of  riea; — a  curious  coin,    6j   inches 

Henry  IV.,  struck  before  his  13th  Igng  and  3|  of  an  inch  wide,  weigh- 

year,  and  of  great  rarity,  31/.;  a  ing  41b.  Ooz.  and  called  a  quad- 

lyal,  or  half-sovereign,  of  Hentr  russis,  in  brass,  33/.  10*.    Roman 

VII.,  100  guineas;  a  double  ryal,  families  in  gold: — Cornelia,  bav- 

or  sovereign,  of  the  same  monarch,  ing  on  the  obverse  a   helmeted 

fi'2l.  h^  of  Rome,  or  Fallas,  and  on 

A  pattern  for  a  six&ugel  piece,  the  reverse  Sylla  ou  horseback,  a  - 

Vol.  XC.  H                                    o  " 


SB               ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

coin  in  perfect  condition,  and  pro-  coin,  faaving  on  the  obreise  Um 

bttbly  unique,  10/.  10«.;  Domitia,  head  of  Altemis,  and  on  the  n- 

obvene,  portrait  of  Cnetua  Domi-  verse  the  figure  of  Victoiy,  weigh- 

tiuB,  a3/.  10*.;  Livineia,  on  the  ob-  ing  6fl  gruns,  28/.  10«.     fiomao 

verse  the  Prator  Lucius  Regulus,  imperial  coina   in  gold:  —  Thne 

Ac.,  SO/.     Marcus  Junius  Brutus,  very  rare  coina  of  Hadiian,  but  of 

havina  on  the  obrerse  "  Brutus  different  types,  sold  for  19/.  4<i.  Od. 

Imp., '  bare  head  of  Brutus  to  the  Commodua,  a  remarkably  fine  coin 

right  within  ft  wreath  of  laurel,  of  great  rarity,  having  on  the  re- 

and  on  the  reverae  "  Caeca  longoa,"  verso  Minerva,  bought  for  the  Bri- 

49/.    Another  of  the  same  person-  tisb  Museum  for  7/.   10*.     Crli- 

age,  having  on  the  reverse  the  pina,  on  the  reverse  "Venus  Fe- 

head  of  Lucius  Brutua,  261.   Caius  tix,"  the  Empress,   seated,  with 

CassiuB,   13/.   Bi. ;    Sextua   Pom-  Cupid  on  her  right  band,  7/.  Per 

peius,  83/.    Marcus  .£miliua  Le-  tmax,  on  the  reverse  a  flgoie  re- 

pidus,  having  on  one  side  the  head  presenting  Equity,  101.  1 6»-   D>d. 

of  J>pidn8,  and  on  the  other  Marc  Julianus  (a.d.  193),  on  the  revtne 

Antony,    28/,    10».       Two    other  "Concord.  Milit.,"  purchased  for 

coins  of  the  same  triiunvir,  but  of  the  Britiah  Museum  for  S7/.  lOi. 

different  types,  sold  respectdvely  Severus,  having  a  reverae  repre- 

for  25/  and  94/.  10*.    Marcus  An-  senting  two  oaptires  on  each  side 

tonius — on  the  reveres,  the  head  of  a  trophy,  14/.  5f. 

of  Octavius,  13/.  5>.    Two  others  GreeK  silver  coins : — Zacyntbus 

of  different  types  sold  for  lU  gui-  Insula,  a  small  coin  having  the 

neas  and  6  guineas.  head  of  Apollo  on  the  obverse,  Kild 

Roman    families,   in    silver: —  for  11/.  5«.    "  Arcadia,"  having  on 

Comuflcia,  having  on  the  obverse  the  obverse  the  bead  of  Jupiter, 

a  buBt  of  Africa,  personified  as  a  and  on  the  reverse  Pan  sleeping 

female,  whose  head  is  covered  with  on   Olympus,    one   of    the  rarest 

the  head  of  an  elephant,  (a  moat  coins  in  the  Greek  series,  16/.  10*. 

rare  coin,  considered  to  be  the  se-  Cities  of  Crete,  two  rare  coina  of 

cond  known,  the  other  is  in  the  Enosus,  one  having  on  the  obvene 

Royal  collection  at  Paris,)  14/.  6s.  the  head-of  Apollo,  and  the  other 

Scribonia,  reatored  by  Tnyan,  the  headof  Jupiter,  33/.  16t.  Oor- 

having  on  tbe  obverse  a  youtbAil  tyna,  a  coin  of  extreme  raritf,  bav- 

head  like  Apollo,  and  on  the  re-  ing  on  the  reverse  an  owl  on  an 

verse  the  mouth  of  a  well,  around  amphora,  with  a  bull  hutting  at  it, 

which    ore    sculptured    garlands  161.     Polyrhenium,  a  very  rare 

and  lyres,  9/.    Stater,  a  coin  of  the  coin,  in  fine  condition, 

highest  degree  of  rarity,  having  A  gold  stater  of  Lampsocus,  in 

the  head  of  Neptune  on  one  side,  Bithynia,  having  on  the  obverse  a 

and  a  figure  standing,  extending  femt^e  head  with  wreath  of  i*7< 

his  hand  to  a  woman  in  a  kneeling  and  on  the  reverae  the  fore-half  of 

posture  on  the  reverse,  sold  for  11(.  a  horso  with  wings,  4/.  10».    A 

Atrax,  in  Thessaly,  a  small  sil-  small  copper  coin  of  Cyricua,  in  My- 

ver  coin  weighing  but  40  grains,  of  sia,  considered  unique,  61.  8i.  Ao. 

extreme  rarity,  9/.  Archelaua,  king  Roman  imperial  coina  in  gold  :— 

of  Macedonia,  bought  for  the  Bn-  Victoriua,  on  the  reverse  two  lions 

tish  Museum  for  93/.     Pyrrhue,  facing  each  other,  beneath  a  female 

king  of  EpiruB,  an  extremely  rare  bust,  18/.    Another  of  the  same 


AUG.] 


CHRONICLE. 


emperor,  of  &  different  type,  13 
guineas.  Tetricus,  6'.  lis.  Ca- 
Tuisius,  one  of  the  usurpers  in  Bri- 
tain, lil.  Allectus,  his  successor, 
81.  It  was  st&ted  in  tlie  room  that 
tbe  Earl  of  Pembroke,  in  forming 
the  collection,  gave  Odi.  10*.  for 
ihiH  identical  coin. 

(Ninth  day.)— This  day's  sale 
commenced  with  the  copper  coins 
of  Ljcia,  Ionia,  Oilicia,  Troas,  £c., 
which  fetched  very  high  prices. 
An  uncertain  coin,  silver,  of  one 
of  the  cities  of  Lycia,  sold  for  10 
guineas ;  and  another,  of  adifierent 
tjpe,  for  ill.  16*. ;  a  coin  of  Na- 
gidus,  in  Cilicia,  sold  for  ill.;  two 
coins  of  Mallaa,  in  Cilicia,  lUl.  1  Is. 
Tarsus,  in  Cilicia,  two  coins,  101. 
lOt. ;  an  uncertain  coin  of  Cyprus, 
61.  13f.  M.  An  early  gold  coin  of 
Ljdia-Sardis,  attributed  to  Crcesus, 
who  reigned  b.c.  646  —  669,  but 
stated  to  be  of  a  much  earlier  date, 
■old  for  301.  lOi. 

Roman  medallions  in  gold;— 
Constans  I.,  on  the  reTsrse  the 
emperor  standing  between  his  two 
brothers,  sold  for  01,  Valens,  an- 
other of  these  fine  and  rare  medal- 
lions, 91.  6«.  Maxentius,  a  unique 
gold  coin,  81.  d*.  Licinius,  struck 
A.D.  310,  having  on  the  obverse 
the  in&ntile  bust  of  his  son,  and  on 
the  reverse  Jupiter  seated,  HOI, 

Kings  of  Syria,  in  eilver : — A 
tetradrachm  of  Tryphon,  one  of 
the  rarest  coins  in  toe  Greek  se- 
ries, 180/.  A  gold  octedrachmof 
Antiochns  III.,  TI.  lilt.  Antiochus 
VI.  (silver),  having  on  the  reverse 
the  Dioscuri  on  horseback,  with 
the  date  of  the  year  (170)  beneath, 
9  guineas.  Antiochus  VII.,  struck 
at  Tyre,  having  on  the  reverse  an 
eagle  with  palm  branch  standing 
on  the  prow  of  a  galley  (year  1  TO), 
101.  10(.  CleopatraandAntiochuB 
VIII.,  having  on  the  obverge  the 
▼nled  head  of  the  Queen,  apd  on 


the  reverse  Japiter  Nicephonis 
seated,  ISl.  Demetrius  111.  (Phi- 
lopater),  having  on  the  reverse  a 
figure  like  the  Ephesian  Diana 
holding  three  ears  of  coin,  IQl.  Ibt. 
Two  little  coins  of  Nero,  struck  at 
Epbeaus,  61.  lOt.  Roman  imperial 
denarii  and  large  brass : — Gordiaa 
Africanus,  senior  and  junior,  two 
rare  coins  of  these  emperors  sold 
for  7{.  lOi.  Sulpiciua  Astonmus, 
having  on  the  reverse  the  cele- 
brated conical  stene,  0^  lit.  Tran 
qui  liana,  reverse  "  Concordia  Avg." 
probably  the  most  rare  in  the  large 
brass  series,  and  as  regards  the  re- 
verse unique,  16f.  10*.  Boman  im- 
perial coins  in  gold : — Frooopius,  a 
Bolidus,  struck  a.d.  906,  101.  I6i. 
Qslia  Placidia,  a.d.  431,  6   gui 

The  total  amount  produced  by 
the  sale  was  60OB{.  It  will  be 
gratifying  to  know  that  the  most 
valuable  of  the  coins  still  remain 
in  this  country,  the  National  Col- 
lection in  the  British  Museum, 
that  of  Major.-Gen.  Fox,  and  Dr. 
James  Bird,  being  enriched  by  the 
rarest  and  moat  valuable  speci- 
mens. The  Pembroke  Collection 
of  Coins  will  not  be  altogether  lost 
sight  of  as  a  collection ;  for  the 
noble  collector  caused  it  to  be  en- 
graved on  a  series  of  copper  plates 
which  was  published  by  the  famous 
antiquary,  Joseph  Ames,  in  4to,  in 
1746. 

3.  The  Tkacy  PsEiuaE.  — 
Houu  of  Lord*. — A  claim  to  the 
title  of  Baron  Tracy  in  the  peer- 
age of  Ireland  has  been  for  some 
time  pending  before  the  Com- 
mittee of  Privileges  of  the  House 
of  Lords.  last  year,  when  the 
matter  was  before  the  House,  a 
link  in  the  evidence  was  supplied 
by  the  prodnction  of  the  fragments 
of  a  tombetone  which  was  said  to 
have  been  originally  placed  over 

H  9  o  - 


100  ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

the  grsTe,  "  To  the  memory  of  had  pointed  out  as  his  Dim  nvA 

fViluam  Tracy,  third  aon  of —  — that  he  should  immediately  after 

Tncy,  a  Judge  of  the  Common  their  a^joamment  be  put  to  the 

Pleas  in  Englauci,"  &c.    Evidence  test,  by  being  made  to  cat  some 

vas  given  on  that  occasion  to  show,  irords  in  one  of  the  rooms  attached 

that  although  the  bits  of  this  tomb-  to  the  House.     The  tools  and  mi- 

Btone  bad  been  recently  found  in  terials  necessary  for  the  pupoee 

different  houses,  yet  that  it  had  for  being  at  hand,  in  the  workabope 

many  years,  a  long  time  since,  connected  with  the  rebnilding  the 

been  seen  in  the  churchyard  of  Houses  of  ParHameut,  Hollon  was 

Castle  Brack.  immediately  set  to  work,  and  in  a 

When  the  case  was  before  the  short  time  produced  a  very  oon- 

House  about  a  fortn^ht  since,  wit-  vincing  proof  of  the  truth  of  his 

nesses  were  called,  one  of  whom,  story. 

of  the  name  of  Holton,  stated  7.  ExPLOstONmAtSAinrSTitEKr, 
that,  some  time  in  the  year  1845,  BEOEitr's  Park. — An  explosion  of 
he  had  been  employed  by  a  man  of  a  remarkable  kind,  attended  by 
the  name  of  M'Ginnis  to  assist  serious  and  fatal  consequences,  oc- 
him  in  engraving  this  identical  curred  in  Albany  Street,  Regent's 
tombstone;  that  they  were  to  en-  Park,  about  ]0  o'clock  at  night 
grave  it  in  the  old  style  of  letten;  Soon  after  the  shop  of  Mr.  Loten, 
that  they  did  so  during  certain  a  dealer  in  Berlin  wool,  had  been 
nights  in  M'Oinnis's  bedroom ;  closed,  a  violent  concussion  tore 
that  afterwards  they  held  the  stone  the  house  to  pieces;  the  mins 
over  the  fire  for  the  purpose  of  dashing  in  the  windows  of  the 
darkening  the  stone  so  as  to  make  shops  opposite,  and  damaging  the 
it  look  old ;  that  afterwards,  with  buildings  in  other  directions :  the 
a  sledge  hammer,  they  had  broken  remains  of  the  house  then  burst 
the  stone  into  the  pieces  which  it  into  flames,  and  the  Sre  raged  for 
then  appeared  in ;  and  that  M'Gtn-  three  hours.  A  servant  girl  was 
nis  had  told  him  that  the  stone  blown  to  the  opposite  side  of  the 
was  engraved  for  the  purpose  of  street ;  where  she  was  found  man- 
ita  being  sent  to  London  as  evi-  gled  and  burnt,  and  quite  dead, 
dence  in  a  court  of  law;  and  that  Theonlyotberperaonsin  the  house 
if  the  party  for  whom  it  was  done  — Captain  Loten,  the  brother  of 
was  successful  in  his  suit  in  conse-  JUr.  Loten,  and  Miss  Burgh,  the 
quence,  they  should  both  make  a  sisterof  Mrs.  Loten — were  dashed 
veiy  good  thing  of  the  business,  through  the  back  part  of  the  build- 
in  the  course  of  his  examination  ing;  and  it  was  found  necessary  to 
the  witness  Holton  admitted  that  convey  them  to  the  hospital  of 
he  was  not  a  stone  engraver,  al-  University  College,  Mr.  Loten's 
though  he  had  assisted  a  friend  house  was  completely  cleared  away 
more  than  once  before  to  cut  let-  by  the  explosion;  the  houses  on 
ters.  Upon  this  it  was  arranged  each  side  were  shattered  to  their 
— as  doubts  had  arisen  in  the  foundation ;  about  a  hundred  more 
minds  of  some  of  the  Committee  on  all  sides,  but  chiefly  on  the  op- 
Bs  to  whether  a  man  who  confessed  posite  side  of  the  street,  were  more 
himself  to  be  so  little  accustomed  or  less  damaged,  and  some  two 
to  cut  letteis  on  stone  could  have  thousand  panes  of  glass  broken- 
cut  tbem  as  well  as  the  lines  be  The  parties  conveyed  to  the  bos- 


AUG.] 


CHRONICLE. 


101 


pilal  having  gttfflciently  recovered, 
an  inqaeat  was  held  on  the  body  of 
the  servant  girl.  Little  could  be 
ascertained  from  their  evidence  as 
to  the  cause  of  the  exploeion,  fur- 
ther than  that  a  strong  smell  of 
gas  having  been  experienced,  Cap- 
tain Loten  took  a  candle  to  ascer- 
tain whether  there  was  any  escape, 
and  that  upon  entering  Uie  shop 
the  ezplosioa  took  place. 

Dr.  .\mott.  having  been  requested 
bv  the  Goconei  to  attend  and  state 
hie  opinion  as  to  the  cause  of  the 
eiplosion,  was  then  sworn  and  said 
— "  £  am  a  doctor  of  medicine,  and 
am  author  of  the  work  entitled 
'  The  Elements  of  Physics,'  which 
treats  upon  subjects  connected 
with  the  explosion  of  gases,  to 
which  I  have  directed  mj  atten- 
tion. I  inspected  the  premises 
and  neighbourhood  of  Albany 
Street  a  rew  hours  after  the  occur- 
rence, and  having  heard  the  evi- 
dence, I  saj  that  I  believe  an  ad- 
mixture of  coal  gas  and  common 
air  capable  of  producing  such  an 
explosion.  One  measure  of  ordi- 
nary coal  gas  requires  ]  0  measures 
of  atmoepherio  air  to  render  it  in 
the  highest  degree  explosive.  The 
greatest  explosion  that  can  be  at- 
tained will  be  effected  from  one 
part  coal  gas  and  10  of  common 
air.  The  result  of  such  a  mixture 
would  in  my  opinion  be  to  increase 
the  volume  about  16  times;  that 
is  to  say,  that  one  room  containing 
one  part  of  coal  gas  and  10  of 
common  air  would  expand  suffi. 
ciently  to  fill  IG  rooms  with  the 
same  mixture,  and  the  explosion  of 
the  whole  would  be  instantaneous. 
I  see  no  reason  to  doubt  that  this 
catastrophe  has  been  occasioned  by 
an  explosion  of  gas.  Gas  being 
much  lighter  than  air,  it  ascends 
rapidly  to  the  highest  part  of  the 


room,  and  remains  usually  at  the 
top  of  the  ur  as  oil  does  upon 
water,  and  the  more  it  is  mixed 
with  atmospheric  air  the  more  ex- 
plosive it  becomes  ;  and  the  pro- 
bability is,  in  this  instance,  had 
Captain  Loten  held  the  candle  lower 
there  would  have  been  no  explo- 
sion. The  surest  remedy  is  to 
have  a.  ventilator  at  the  top  of  each 
room,  in  the  chimney." 

The  Coroner  believed,  that  if 
the  explosion  had  been  caused  by 
gunpowder  it  could  not  have  been 
more  terrific  than  in  this  case. 

Dr.  Amott  said,  gunpowder  was 
nothing  more  than  gas  very  much 
condeiued;  a  cubic  foot  of  the 
united  gases,  coal  gas  and  stmo- 
epheric  air,  was  equal  to  half  an 
ounce  of  gunpowder.  The  doctor 
said  be  would  not  pledge  himself 
as  to  the  amount  of  expansion,  as 
he  hod  understood  other  scientific 
gentlemen  diSered  with  him,  one 
declaring  that  it  would  only  increase 
six  times.  The  result,  however. 
would  be  the  same  as  regards  ex- 
plosive power. 

Further  evidence  was  then  given, 
which  showed  it  to  I>e  probable 
that,  after  the  gas  had  been  care- 
fully turned  off,  the  cock  had  been 
accidentally  struck  by  the  comer 
of  ashutter  and  thus  again  tvmod 
on. 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict 
amounting  to  "  Accidental  Death." 

11.  SiNOULAR  Cask  of  InsN- 
TiTr.  ScABPELLiNi  t>.  Sbiiunse  ; 
<?utU/ord.— This  was  an  action 
brought  by  Louisa  Scarpellini 
against  the  defendant  and  his  wife 
]llarietta.  The  declaration  alleged 
that  before  the  marriage  of  the  de- 
fendant, his  wife  had  contracted  a 
debt  with  the  plaintiff  for  board, 
lodgii^,  education,  and  necessa- 
ries ;  and  this  action  was  brought 


102  ANNUAL    REGISTER.        [1848 

to  racoT«r  300/.,  theunonntof  th«  TnthtyMr  1898,  the  child  bang  tt 
allflKed  dabt  BO  incurred.  that  time  between  10  andliljeui 
The  defendants  pleaded — first,  old,  a  gentlemaa  yns  so  stnick 
that  there  had  been  no  contract ;  with  the  talente  she  exhibited  that 
next,  that  the  amount  had  been  he  offered  to  adopt  her  as  his  own, 
paid;  thirdly,  that  the  lad;  was  an  and  the  eieter  cottsented  that  he 
miant  at  the  time  the  debt  was  in*  should  do  so,  and  she  was  taken 
curred ;  and  fourthly,  the  statute  away  from  her  by  the  gentleman 
of  limitations ;  but  to  the  last  plea  in  question.  From  that  time  to 
there  was  a  demiuTST,  conaeqnently  the  present  the  plaintiEf  had  allo- 
it  was  not  involved  in  the  present  gether  tost  sight  of  her  sister ;  she 
inquiry.  had  frequently  applied  to  the  gen- 
Mr.  Gamey  stated  the  case.  He  tleman  who  had  token  chaige  of 
said  the  plaintiff  was  a  native  of  her  to  allow  her  to  eee  her,  but  ha 
Italy,  but  she  bad  resided  for  a  refused,  and  it  was  only  by  a  corn- 
great  many  yeva  in  England,  and  bination  of  extraordinary  circnm- 
only  occasionally  paid  a  visit  to  her  stances  that  the  pliuntiff  at  length 
own  oountry.  The  defendant  waa  ascertained  that  the  defendant  waa 
a  brewer  of  St.  Albans,  and  be  b&-  married  to  a  lady  who,  from  the 
liovad  be  should  be  able  to  show  description  given  of  her  and  other 
that  his  wife  was  the  sister  of  the  circumstances,  there  waa  no  doubt 
plaintiff.  He  made  use  of  the  ex-  on  her  mind  was  her  youi^r 
pression  "  believed"  on  account  of  sister  who  had  so  long  lived  with 
the  peculiar  character  of  the  trana-  her,  and  of  whom  for  so  many 
action,  for  the  principal  question  years  she  bad  lost  all  trace.  The 
in  the  cause  would  be,  whether  this  pttuntifi^  being  satisfied  of  this 
lady  was  or  was  not  the  sister  of  fact,  went  to  the  residence  of  the 
the  plaintiff,  as  it  was  for  neoes-  defendant,  sent  up  her  name,  and 
saries  furnished  to  her  in  that  po-  requested  to  be  permitted  to  have 
sition  that  the  present  action  was  an  interview  with  his  wife,  but 
brought  against  the  defendants.  In  Mrs.  Seyranke  refused  to  see  her, 
theyearI833,  the  plaintiff,  having  and  denied  all  knowledge  of  her, 
received  an  intimation  of  the  death  or  that  she  was  under  any  ob- 
of  a  near  relative,  proceeded  to  lotion  to  her.  This  was  the  de- 
hor native  village  in  Italy,  and  she  fence  now  set  up,  and  this  was  the 
there  found  a  younger  sister  almost  question  which  tne  jury  would  have 
in  a  state  of  destitution,  and  when  to  decide.  The  plaintiff,  acting 
she  returned  to  England  she  under  advice,  had  taken  every  step 
brought  her  back  with  her.  That  that  oould  set  the  question  at  rest; 
sister  remained  with  her,  stopping  and  if  her  proceedings  had  been  le- 
at  various  places,  until  the  year  sponded  to  by  the  defendants,  there 
1S38,  and  during  all  that  period  would  have  been  no  doubt  in  the 
the  plaintiff  provided  for  her,  case.  An  application  had  been 
boarded  and  lodged  her,  and  pro-  made  by  persons  who  were  well 
vided  her  with  masters,  and  in  fact  acquainted  with  the  young  lady,  to 
did  all  that  was  possible  to  give  be  permitted  to  have  an  interview 
her  an  opportunity  of  providing  for  with  her,  but  it  was  refused.  Notida 
herself,  incurring  for  these  pur-  had  also  been  given  to  the  husband 
poses  reiy  considerable  expense,  to  produce  his  wife,  bat  he  had  re- 


ADG.J  CHRONICLE.  103 

fiiud.  If  an  interview  had  been  b«en  proved,  then  would  be  an 
allowed  to  take  place,  of  coarse  the  end  of  the  case.  If,  however,  ihtf 
matter  would  at  once  have  been  set  were  not  satUfied  upon  that  point 
at  rest  i  but  as  this  had  been  re<  the  case  should  proceed, 
fused,  be  ehould  be  unable  to  lay  The  jury  immediately  returned 
such  clear  evidence  before  them  of  a  verdict  for  the  defendant 
the  identity  of  the  lady  ae  he  —  Thk  Cbabtibts. — The  pro- 
hoped  to  have  done ;  but  ha  appre-  ceedinga  of  tlie  goveroment  in  sup- 
bended  that  in  the  result  the  jury  pressing  the  secret  cabals  whioh 
would  entertain  no  doubt  that  the  have  for  so  long  a  period  excited 
wife  of  the  defendant  was  in  reality  apprehension  in  the  well-disposed 
the  sister  of  the  plaintiff  by  whom  and  peaceable  portion  of  the  com- 
th«  debt  had  been  incurred.  The  munity  have  proved  to  be  at  once 
plea  of  infancy  was  an  admission  judicious  and  effectual.  At  Man- 
that  Mrs.  3eyranke  and  the  plain-  cheater  the  magistrates  ezercisad 
tiff's  sister  nera  the  same  person,  such  constant  vigilance  that  no 
He  should  produce  testimony  which  actual  disturbances  were  attempted, 
he  apfurehended  would  leave  no  but  a  oonsiderable  number  of 
doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  the  lady,  "Confederates."  and  members  of 
and  if  be  established  that  fact  be  illegal  clubs  were  arrested,  and  all 
must  confess  he  was  astonished  intended  proceeaions  and  meetings 
that  the  sister  of  the  planljff,  who  suppressed.  At  Ashton-under- 
owed  her  present  position  entirely  Lyne  disturbanoea  took  place  on 
to  the  kind  assistance  she  had  re-  the  Uth  Inst.,  when  numbers  ol 
ceived  from  her,  should  now,  when  men  aimed  with  pikes  and  a  few 
her  sister  was  in  difficulties  and  fire-arms  suddenly  rushed  into 
poverty,  refiise  to  make  her  that  the  streets,  and  caused  much 
reoompense  to  which  she  was  alarm ;  but  a  small  body  of  sol- 
dearly  entitled.  Evidence  was  diers  being  called  out,  and  the 
then  given  which  was  supposed  to  special  constables  mustering  in 
show  the  identity  of  the  lady.  great  force,  the  rioters  disappeared 
The  Chief  Baron  said,  it  cer-  as  suddenly  as  they  had  issued 
tainly  appeared  to  him  that  the  forth,  leaving  behind  them  nnmer- 
state  of  things  disclosed  by  the  ous  pikes  and  other  weapons.  A 
evidence  did  not  establish  any  con-  policeman  named  Bright,  who  ww 
tract  upon  which  a  claim  for  neces-  mistaken  for  another  officer  who 
saries  oould  be  founded.  What  had  been  a  witness  against  one 
had  been  done  by  the  pituntiff  for  McDoua1,aCbartiBt,shortlybefore, 
her  sister  was  done  from  aSection,  wassurroundedbytbemobandmur- 
or  would  be  supposed  to  have  dered  in  a  most  inhuman  manner, 
bsen  done  from  that  motive  in  At  Birmingham  and  Livnpool  na- 
dvil  life ;  and  it  could  hardly  be  merous  arrests  were  made ;  at 
suppossd  that  it  could  encumber  a  Bradford  a  large  body  of  police  were 
child  with  a  debt  to  be  paid  in  suddenly  called  out  and  the  places 
after  years.  It  seemed  to  him  that  of  meeting  of  the  Gonfsderates 
it  was  the  most  absurd  claim  that  and  Clubbista  were  thoroughly 
had  ever  been  brought  into  u  court  secured,  when  a  great  quantity  of 
of  justice ;  and  if  ^a  jury  should  papers,  pikes,  &a.,  were  found,  and 
be  of  opinion  that  no  oontra«t  had  about  ten  of  the  leaden  secured. 


104             ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

It  was  in  the  metropolis,  bow-  qoantity   of  arms    seized.     The 

ever,  that  the  final  blow  at  this  meeting  at  Westminster  got  timely 

dangerous  nuisance  was  struck ;  so  notice,    and    dtaperaed  suddenly, 

quietly  had  the  necessary  informa-  before  the  police  arrived.  One  man 

tion  been  collected,  and  so  adroitly  leaped  out  of  window  in  a  panic, 

was  the  affiiir  conducted,  that  it  ana  broke  his  leg. 

was  only  by  the  captnre  of  the  It  is  stated  that  a  marching  in 

confederates  that  the  public  be-  processioD  was  intended  at  mid- 

came  aware  of  the  dangerous  natui-e  night  on  Wednesday  i  and  that  if 

of  the  conspiracy  which  had  been  the  police  interfered,  they  were  to 

for  some  time  carried  on.    Three  be  attacked  in  every  part  of  Lon- 

huudred  armed    policemen  were  don,  and  the  public  buildings  fired, 

conoentratedatthestationiu  Tower  The  whole  of  the  mihtaiy  quar- 

Street,  and  marched  suddenly  to  tered  at  Buckingham  Palace,  the 

the    Angel    Tavera    in    Webber  Tower,   Mint,  Bank  of  England, 

Street,  Blackfriars ;  which  was  in-  and   the  Tarious    barracks,   were 

vested,  and  entered  for  the  capture  under  arms ;  and  a  continuous  line 

of  fourteen  leading  Chartists,  there  of  communication  was  kept  up  be- 

iu  deliberation.    The  commander  tween  the  Matropolitoa  and  City 

of  the  force  and  a  picked  body-  Police,   as  well    as  between  the 

guard,  with   drawn  swords,  sum-  military  bodies.     The  most  noto- 

moned  the  conspirators  to  surren-  nous  of  the  party  thus  captured 

der.     Some  demur  was  made,  and  was  William  Ouffey.     Guffey  and 

signs  of  resistance  appeared.     In-  twenty-five  of  his  associates  were 

specter  Rutt  cried  out — "  If  any  committed  for  felony,  bail  being 

man  offers  the  least  resistance,  I  refused. 

will  run  him  through;  a  large  14.  CATBEDRAi.FESTn'Ai.ATCo- 
force  surrounds  the  bouse."  I^  loohe. — Onthel4tbin8t.,andtwo 
sistance  being  thus  checked,  in  a  following  days,  a  grand  festival  was 
few  minutes  the  whole  number  of  held  at  Cologne,  in  celebration  of 
Chartists  were  silently  secured,  and  the  sixth  centenary  of  its  founda- 
moFched  under  arrest  to  Tower  tion.  The  works  of  this  unrivalled 
Street.  On  search,  pistols  loaded  edifice  were  resumed  in  the  year 
to  the  muzzle,  pikes,  three-corner  1843,  when  the  king  of  Prussia 
daggers,  spear-heads,  and  swords,  laid  a  foimdation  stone,  endowed 
were  found  upon  their  persons ;  the  undertaking  with  50,000  tha- 
and  others  were  found  secreted  lers  a-year,  and  the  princes  of 
under  the  seats  on  which  they  had  Germany,  particularly  the  king  of 
been  sitting.  Some  of  them  vrore  Bavaria,  and  the  moat  wealthy  pei^ 
iron  breastplates ;  and  others  hod  sonages  of  the  Catholic  faith,  con- 
gunpowder,  shot,  and  tow-balls.  tribut«d  not  only  funds,  but  various 
Under  one  man  no  less  than  magnificent  gifts  towards  the  oom- 
eeventy-five  rounds  of  ball  cart-  pletion  of  the  building  in  a  style 
ridge  were  discovered.  commensurate  to  the  grandeur  of 

Similar  visits  were  rapidly  paid  the  design ;  our  own  gracious  Sore- 
to  houses  in  Ormond  SireeU  Hoi-  reign,  on  occasion  of  the  visit  to 
bom,  and  in  York  Street,  West-  Germany,  also  appropriated  a  mu- 
minster.  At  the  first  place,  eleven  nificent  sum  to  the  progress  of 
persons  were  arrested,  and  a  great  the  undertaking.  Notwithstanding 


AUG.]                    CHRONICLE.  105 

these  acts  of  mamficence,  not  in-  which  kto  phkced  on  the  Bouth  ude 

ferior  to  the  prodigality  of  the  of  the  nave.    The  chief  eubiecls 

pious  in  times  when  such  works  of  the  windows  are,  "  The  Aaors- 

were  accounted  the  surest  exhibi-  tion  of  the  Three  Kings,"  "  The 

tion  of  Mth  and  piety,  the  funds  Entombment."  and  "  The  Ascen- 

have  been  inadequate  to  the  im-  sion."    The  Munich  glass  painters 

mensity  of  the  norks ;  the  disturb-  hare  eveiy  gradation  of  the  pa 

ances  in  Catholic  oonntries  have  for  lette,  from  the  three  piimaiyco- 

the  present  stopped  further  sup-  louts  to  the  most  tender  neutral 

plies  from  tliose  sources,  and  since  tints,  completely  at  their  disposal, 

that  time  the  works  have  been  Their  yellows  especially  show  their 

carried  on  as  rapidly  as  the  funds  superiority.    All  are  of  the  highest 

permitted.    Without  some  general  beauty  of  conception.    The  king 

GoDtributioD  &om  the  people  of  of  Bavaria  may  well  boast  that  his 

Germauy,  prompted   by  national  Munich  glass  painters  are  the  first 

enthuaiasm,   as  their  forefathers  in  the  world.    The  artists  chiefly 

were   animated  by  religious  zeal,  concerned    have    been    Professor 

Cologne  cathedral  will  never  be  Hess  and  Her  Ainmiiller. 

completed.  The  king  of  Prussia  now  left 

Tne  portion  of  the  edifice  added  his  distracteid  capital  to  preside  at 

since  1843  is  soon  described.   The  the  Ute  celebrating  the  progress 

choir  and  the  tower  have  been  of  the  work  to  which  he  has  so 

united  on  the  south  by  carrying  up  magnificently     contributed ;      the 

the  stone-work  to  the  point  where  Reichsverweser,thearchdukeJohn, 

the  light  shafts  are  to  spring  from  the  representative  of  United  Oer- 

the  plain  square  buttresses;  the  many,  was  also  present;  likewise 

three    portals  on    (his    side    are  Cornelius,  the  great  fresco  painter, 

nearly  completed;  and  the  nave  b  and  Kaolbach,  whose  works  have 

BO  fu  fiuisbed  that  with  a  tempo-  done  so  much  to  adorn  Munich. 

raiy  roof  it  can  be  used  for  divme  Bauoh,  the  great  sculptor,  also  at- 

worship.     On  the  north  side  nearly  tended  the  festival  of  the  building 

the  same  amonnt  of  plain  work  whichisthetriumphofhisart  The 

has  been  finished ;  but  on  both  ell  Chevalier  Bunsen,  Humboldt,  and 

the  most  expensive  labour  has  yet  an  immense  train  of  nobles  and 

to  be  bestowed,  in  the  elaborate  church  dignitaries,  added  to  the 

carvings  and  tracery  of  the  pinna-  magnifioetice  of  the  scene.     The 

cles  and  shafts,  in  which  the  mo-  festival  consisted  of  concerts,  illu- 

dera  workmen  are  to  imitate  and  minations,  torchlight  processions, 

reproduce  the  triumphs  of  their  and  reviews.     When    at   length 

ancestors.  .   The  old  stone-work,'  Germany  shall  have  returned  to 

dark  and  worn  to  ronghness  by  settled  institutions,  it  is  possible 

time,  oontrasts  strongly  with  the  that  this  sublime  building  may  be 

smooth  white  masoniy  of  yester-  completed;  for  the  German  people 

day;  in  form,  of  course,  the  ancient  have  in  some  way  connected  the 

plan    has   been    r^ly  adhered  perfection    of   die    Cathedral    of 

to;  time  will  harmonise  the  go-  Cologne  with  the  ruling  idea  of 

lour,  but  at  present  the  effect  is  United  Germany,  of  which  they 

harsh.  consider  it  a  type. 

The  king  of  Bavaria  has  pre-  14.  Tukee  Fkbsoks  obowbed. 

sented    tliree   painted   vrindows,  ^A  regatta  took  place  at  Islc' 


106  ANNUAL    REGISTER.        [1848 

north,  after  which  there  was  a.  died  from  poiaon.  The  pmae- 
dance  tt  the  Waterman  s  Arms,  outor  sent  Uie  oarcate  of  one  of 
whiob  was  kept  up  during  the  the  sheep  to  Hr.  Herapatfa,  the 
ni^t.  Earlj  in  the  morning,  eminent  chTmist  of  Bristol,  aod 
seven  Toung  men  of  the  party  he  had  no  difficulty  in  detecting 
resolved  t4>  have  a  row  on  the  poison,  which  was  sulphate  i^ 
rirer  before  proceeding  to  their  copper  or  blue  vitriol.  He  die- 
work;  and  thej  got  into  a  skiff  covered  the  poison  not  only  is  the 
and  pulled  towtuda  Richmond,  intestines,  but  also  in  various  other 
Near  the  Windsor  Bailwaj  bridge,  parts  of  the  carcase,  so  that  it 
one  of  them  stood  up  in  the  boat,  had  spread  itself  throughout  the 
whilo  the  others  in  a  frolicsome  STstfim,  and  there  oould  be  no 
mood  began  to  rock  it;  the  skiff  doubt  that  by  some  compound  of 
shipped  a  quantity  of  water,  copper  the  sheep  were  hilled.  It 
swayed  on  one  aide,  and  turned  speared  that  the  prisoner  had 
bottom  upwards  in  deep  water,  found  great  difficulty  in  obtaining 
Some  of  the  young  men  oould  employment  from  the  proeecutoi 
swim,  and  they  assisted  their  com-  and  a  Mr.  Jabor,  who  were  the 
rades  till  other  aid  arrived ;  but  only  holders  of  land  in  the  perish, 
three  perished.  on  account  of  the  badness  of  his 

—  8BETiP-Voaovisa.—J)muM.  charaoter;    that   be   was   almost 

— Ji»iah  Blanohard  was  indicted  starved,  and  bad  been  driven  to 

for  poisoning  198  sheep,  the  pro-  the  union,  and  that,  subsequently, 

perty  of  Mr.  Pinkoey,  at  Berwick  having  used  threats  against  the 

St.  James's.  prosecutor's  property,  he  had  been 

The  prosecutor  farmed  an  estate  sent  to  gaol.    The  prisoner  was 

of  about  1600  acres.     Upon  the  kept  in  gaol  from  July  until  Ooto- 

evening  of  the  34th  of  Jsnuary  ber ;  during  that  time  he  wrote  a 

last  the  prosecutor  had  050  sheep  letter  to  Mr.  Pinkney  praying  for 

in  two  yards.    He  had  bad  them  mercy,  and  Mr.  Pinkney  did  not 

brought  into  the  yards    in    Do-  appear  against  him  at  the  October 

comber,  and  on  that  evening  the  seaaiona,  and  he  was  diacfaarged. 

sbepberds  left  the  [sheep  ul   in  The  being  sent  to  gaol  ^pearsd 

good  health.    The  next  morning,  to  have  made  a  great  impreisiai 

upon  coming  to   the  yards,  the  on  the  prisoner  s  mind,  and  he 

shepherds  found  that  in  one  yard  was  continually  talking  of  having 

the  aheep  were  as  they  had  been  his  revenge,  and  he  said,  "  If  aver 

left  the  preceding  evening,  while  he  got  out  of  gaol  he  would  kill 

in  the  other  the  sheep  were  all  Ur.   Pinkney,  and  make  him  s 

affected    with    some    iniaxplicable  pourerman  than  himself;  he  would 

disease ;    three  were  dead,  and  a  not  do  it  aa  soon  as  he  got  out  of 

vast  number  more  were  groaning  gaol,  because  it  would  uirow  sus- 

and   showing   symptoms   of   the  picion  upon  him,  but  there  should 

greatest     possible    distress    and  be  a  greater  cry  than  there  ever 

a^ny,  and  the  flock  continued  to  had  besn  yet ;  he  would  get  soms 

die  for  a  period  of  14  days;  in  stuff  that  would  poison  9000  sheep 

the  whole    198    died.     A    veto-  by  throwing  it  into  a  little  water, 

rinary  surgeon  and  a  medical  prac*  or  in  the  young  clover  grass,  or  h* 

titioner  being  called  in,  declared  would   do   it  in  the  sheepfold-" 

they   had   ao   doubt   the   sheep  The  prisoner  came  out  of  gftA  in 


AUG.]                   CHRONICLE.  107 

Ootober,  the  aheap  were  taken  into  and   two    leeond-oUsa    oaniigea, 

the  yards  in  December.    On  the  were   forced   off    the   line,    and 

iJiind  of  Jaauarj  the  priaoner  en-  nearly  every  peaaenger  waa  mon 

deavoared  to  obtain  aome  anenic  or    less    hurt,   Ihongh    few  verjr 

at  a,  shop  in  Salisbury,  but  the  eeriously.    One  guard  had  thrown 

druggist  refused  to  let  him  hare  himself  among  the  ooke  in  the 

any;  he  told  him  he  wanted  it  in  tender,  andheesoaped  with  bruiaea; 

order  to  kill  rats.  but  Collins,  a  guard  in  a  break- 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  van   at  the   rear   of   the    train, 

*'  Not  Guilty."  was   found    insensible,    and   was 

17.  OoLUBioHs  OK  THE  NoBtH  brought  to  London  in  that  state. 

Western    Bulwav. — A   serious  suffering  from  a  ooncuseion  of  the 

collision  occurred  on  this  line  at  brain.    A  number  of  other  train* 

an  early  hour  of  the  morning.    At  arrived  soon  after,  but  no  fiirther 

Ashton  Bank,  about   five    miles  accident  occurred.    The  nortbeni 

north  of  the  Wolverton  atation,  mails  were  many  hours  after  the 

the    Peterbarougfa    branch    mail  time  for  arriving  in  Iiondon,  the 

train  came  to  a  standstill,  one  of  line  having  been  blocked  up  for  a 

the  eccenUic  bands  of  the  locomo*  long  while, 

live  having  given  way.    While  the  On  the  following  raoniing  an- 

driverwas  endeavouring  to  remedy  other  accidentoccurred  on  the  same 

the  defect,  the  guard  went  back  line,   by  which   an  engine-driver 

towards  Boade,  to  stop  the  York  lost   his    life.     These    accidents 

mail  train,  which  follows  at  an  were  in  some  degree  owing  to  the 

interval  of  about  10  minutes,  tak-  inefficiency  of  the  servants  em- 

ing  up  the  mail-bags  from  Peter-  ployed.     A  very  serious  dispute 

borough  at  the  Wolverton  station,  was  at  this  time  raging  between 

The  time  of  the  occurrence  waa  the    company    and     the    engine- 

about  two  hours   after  midnight,  drivers,  in  consequence  of  which 

and  the  weather  was  very  foggy,  the  men  had  resigned  in  a  body. 

The  guard  affixed  a  fog-signal  to  and  their  plaoes  were  temporarily 

the  rail,  and  was  walking  onwards  supplied   by   very   inexperienced 

to  place  another,  when  the  York  persons. 

mail  train  came  up.  On  the  sig-  10.  Steah-boat-  Explosiqh. — 
nol  exploding,  the  engine  waa  An  appalling  accident  hwpened 
backed,  and  the  driver  and  stoker  on  board  the  steam-ship  Earl  of 
leaped  off;  but  the  rails  vrere  Liverpool,  Captain  Finch,  soon 
gr«tsy,  and  the  train  running  on  after  she  bad  taken  her  departure 
swiftly,  it  dashed  into  the  Peter-  from  Great  Yarmouth  for  Iiondon. 
borough  train.  The  Postniffiae  She  left  the  quay  of  the  above 
van  and  a  first-class  carriage  were  port  a  few  minutes  after  eight 
smashed  perfectly  flat ;  the  roof  of  o'clock  in  the  evening,  with  from 
each  flyiug  forwud  over  other  car-  70  to  100  passengers  on  board, 
riages.  There  were  only  two  pas-  Everything  connected  with  her 
sengers  in  the  trsin  run  into,  and  macbmery  appeared  in  good  work- 
these,  with  the  engineers  and  iug  order.  When  nearly  abreast 
guards,  had  alighted ;  so  they  of  Lowestoft  Harbour,  a  loud  ex- 
escaped  unhurt.  The  people  in  plosion  took  place  which  com- 
tbe  York  tnin  were  lees  fortunate,  pletely  shook  the  vessel,  and  at 
The  engine'  and  tender,  tw<t  vans,  the  saiu«  initAnt  a  body  of  stoam 


108            ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

issued  from  the  engine-room,  en-  lamentable  loss  of  life  and  great 

Teloping  the  whole  veseel.    It  was  devastation  of  properly, 

impoesible  to  see  the  length  of  the  Last  night,  says  a  letter  from 

ship  in  ^nsequence  of  the  rush  of  Aberdeen,  about  1000  boats,  each 

steam  from  Uie  engine-room,  and  manned  hy  fire  fishermen,  left  the 

the  men,  being  unable  to  see  one  variouB  porta  of  the  east  ooast  of 

another,  could  only  obey  the  cap-  Scotland,  betwixt  Btonehaven  and 

tain's  orders  by  being  huted.    The  Fraserburgh,      for     the     herring 

anchor  was   immediately  let  go,  fishery.     When  at  the  offing,  at 

and  a  signal  of  distress  hoisted,  about  an  average  distance  of  10 

which  speedily  brought  to   their  miles,  and  the    nets    down,   the 

assistance  the  boats  of  the  hardy  wind,  which  had  continued  during 


flshermea  of  that  coast,  who  res- 
cued the  terrified  passengers  from 
their  perilous  position. 
Two  of  the  crew,  named  Wil- 


liam Walls,  a  stoker,  and  Henry     torrents;    and   the  night  w«s  so 
"  '  dark  that  none  of  the  land  lights 


but  it 

had  sufficiently  dispersed  to  allow 
a  search  to  be  made.  The  dis- 
covery of  the  body  of  the  unfor- 
tunate man  Walls  was  most  start- 
ling. Ue  was  in  an  erect  posi- 
tion between  the  two  engines,  and 
apparently  olive,  for  one  of  his 
arms  and  his  legs  were  in  motion. 


the  day  at  south  and  south-west, 
suddenly  chopped  out  to  the  south- 
east vrith  rain.  About  12  o'clock 
it  blew  a  gale,  the  nun  falling  i 


could  be  seen.  As  soon  as  the 
gale  came,  some  of  the  fishermen 
b^an  to  haul  their  nets;  hut  tho 
sea  ran  so  high  that  meet  of  the 
fleet  had  to  run  for  the  shore  to 
save  life.  At  Fraserburgh,  the 
boats  being  to  leeward  of  Itattray 
Head  were  less  exposed  than  the 
boats  to  the  southward,  and  ma- 


1 


On  going  up  to  him,  however,  he  naged  to  get  a  landing  without  loss 

was  found  a  corpse,  having  been  of  Me;  but  at  Peterhead,  which  is 

scalded  to  death.    The  search  vras  the  easternmost  point  of  the  coast, 

then   continued  for   Bri^,  and  and  altogether  exposed  to  an  east- 

hy  breaking  down  the  bulkhead  of  eriy  gale,  seventy  out  of  the  four 

the  engine  nis  body  was  discovered  hundred  boats  tiiat  were  fishing 

in  the  berth  of  Walls,  into  which  there  are  missing,  and  there  is  too 

he    had    apparently    rushed    to  much  reason  to  fear  that  most  if 

escape-    His  death  edso  most  have  not  all  of  them  are  wrecked  or 

been  instantaneous.  sunk.     At  daybreak  this  morning 

It  appeared  that  a  portion  of  the  scene  that  presented  itself 
the  machinety  had  given  way,  and  along  the  shore  between  the  Ba- 
the broken  pieces  being  kept  in  channess  lighthouse  and  the  en- 
motion  by  the  engine  had  struck  trance  to  the  south  harbour  was  of 
and  severed  the  steam-pipe,  by  the  most  appalling  description, 
which  the  whole  of  the  steam  had  The  whole  ooast  for  a  mile  and  a 
rushed  into  the  engine-room,  caus-  half  was  strewed  with  wrecks  and 
ing  instantaneous  death  to  the  the  dead  bodies  of  fishermen, 
persons  engaged  therein.  Twen^-three  corpses  were  carried 

IH.  Stobji  ON  THE  East  CoiHT  into  Peterhead  before  nine  o'clock; 
OF  SooTLAND. — The  ooaets  of  Scot-  and  at  the  time  the  latest  ao- 
land  have  been  visited  by  a  fierce  counts  left,  others  were  being  con- 
hurricane,  attended  with  a  vergr  staudy  thrown  ashore'  among  the 


AUG.]                  CHRONICLE.  109 

wreck  on  tlje  sands  or  the  rocks.  t«rs  the  hinder  caniagea,  which 
For^  boats  were  wrecked  within  were  scattered  in  all  direotioug. 
the  drcoit  of  half  a  mile ;  and  bo  Several  of  the  paBsengers,  seeing 
sudden  and  awfitl  was  the  catas-  the  express  train,  jumped  out,  and 
tnphe,  that  no  means  of  sno-  thereby  saved  themselves,  fut  about 
couring  or  saving  the  dietressed  thirteen  who  remained  in  were 
and  perishing  fishermen  could  be  seriously  hurt,  two  or  three  with 
devised.  It  is  calculated  that  fractured  limbs,  and  one  woman 
along  the  ooaat  not  fewer  than  a  was  killed.  None  of  the  express 
hundred  lives  are  lost ;  and  when  passengers  were  injured.  The  un- 
it is  considered  that  for  the  most  fortunate  woman  bad  a  child  in  her 
part  the  deceased  fishermen  have  anus,  and,  forseeing  the  accident, 
left  wives  and  fomilies,  it  will  be  threw  it  out  of  the  window  and 
felt  that  the  widowhood  and  or-  thus  saved  it. 
pbanage  of  our  seaport  towns  have  —  BoBsruiaor  a  Rebebvoir.— 
received  in  one  short  night  an  on-  A  calamitous  accident  happened  at 
paralleled  augmentation.  Over  Darwen,  through  the  bursting 

Similar  scenes  were  witnessed  of  a  "  water  lodge."  The  reservoir 
on  the  coasts  of  Sutherland  and  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town, 
Caithness,  from  Helmsdale  to  and  at  a  considerable  elevation 
Wick.  Eight  boats  of  the  latter  above  it ;  it  is  IGO  feet  across  when 
port  were  lost  simultaneouslj  as  full,  330  long,  and  S4  deep.  It  is 
they  tried  to  enter  the  harbour,  supplied  by  a  small  stream  at  one 
and  the  whole  of  their  crews  end,  and  at  the  other  the  super- 
perished.  A  number  more  were  fluous  water  runs  through  an  aper- 
wrecked,  but  the  crews  escaped,  ture  in  a  stream  to  the  town.  The 
It  has  been  ascertiuned  that  93  pool  lies  in  a  valley,  being  kept  in 
fishermen,  many  of  them  leaving  at  the  end  towards  the  town  oy  a 
families,  perished  in  this  disas-  high  embankment.  Very  early  in 
trous  g&le ;  and  that  the  value  of  the  morning,  a  violent  thundei^ 
the  btats  and  nets  destroyed  storm  broke  over  the  neighbour- 
amounted  to  at  least  90,00(M.  hood ;   a  vast  quantity  of  water 

21.  GoLLisioH  ON  THE  Preston  poured  into  the  lodge;   the  im- 

AND    Lahoasteb    Railwat.  —  A  mense  weight   forced    down  the 

frightful  accident  occurred  about  embankment;  and  the  water  fell 

five  o'clock  in  the  evening,  on  the  with   tremendons    force   down   a 

Lancaster  and  Preston  Bailwey,  steep  of  from  twenty  to  full  forty 

which  was  attended  with  fatal  con-  feet,   carrying   away   a    mass  oif 

sequences.   The  train  from  Preston  earth,  stone,  and  sand,  about  sixty 

was  stopping  at  the  Bay  Horse  feet  across,  eighty  feet  long,  and 

station,  about  six  miles  from  Lan-  forty  feet  deep.     The  torrent  then 

caster,  when  the  Lancaster  and  rushed  along  the  bed  of  the  stream, 

Cariisle  express  train,  which  was  which  genenlly  carried   off  the 

due  more  tnan  an  hoar  previous,  suiplus  water  from  the  bywssh, 

was  heard,  and  was  seen  coming  at  and  roee  to  a  height  of  at  least  ten 

a  rapid  pace.     The  driver  of  the  feet,  carrying  away  hedges,  trees, 

Lancaster  and  Preston  train  en-  large  stones,  side-banks,  and  all 

deavoured  to  set  it  in  motion,  but  eucn  temporary  impediments,  in 

before  he  could  do  so  the  express  its   couree,  and   covering   places 

rushed  into  it,  breaking  into  splin-  before  high  above  the  atream  and 


no 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


green  with  grus  to  the  depth  of 
several  fset  with  the  gmvel,  Btonea, 
Ac.,  uiuallj  found  in  the  lied  of  k 
riTer.  Culverts  were  torn  up,  walls 
wtshsd  Kwaj,  and  the  flood  rushed 
into  the  bouses  in  the  town.  Some 
persons  escaped  nairowly,  but  no 
one  was  drowned  till  the  water  got 
to  Bun  Street  In  this  street  there 
mre  inhabited  cellan,  in  whioh 
persons  were  sleeping  at  the  time, 
and  twelve  lost  their  lives.  Id 
mw  bouse,  three  mon,  two  tvomen, 
and  two  children  perished :  the 
onljT  lodoer  saved  was  a  joung  man 
who  had  got  on  a  table  and  kept 
his  hoe  against  the  roof  till  he -was 
dragged  through  a  window.  In 
another  cellar,  a  woman  and  two 
children  were  drowned.  Two  chil- 
dren and  an  old  woman  perished 
in  other  placsa. 

aa.  Hdbbicaiie  nt  tbb  West 
Ihdus.— A  most  disastrous  hurri* 
eane  occurred  in  the  middle  of 
August,  and  derastated  Antigua, 
8t,  KitU.  Nevis,  and  St.  Thomas. 
At  Antigua  and  St.  Eitts  there 
has  been  no  such  loss  of  life  and 
property  for  nearly  twenty  years ; 
neither  the  hurrioane  of  1B3&  nor 
the  earthquake  of  1 848  having  been 
attended  with  such  deplorable  re- 
sulu. 

On  the  evening  of  the  aiat,  the 
appearances  of  the  eky  betokened 
the  approaching  catastrophe;  but 
the  mercury  in  the  barometer  was 
very  little  affected.  At  midnight 
the  wind  raged  furiously;  lightning 
and  thunder  were  incessant,  ac- 
companied by  floods  of  rain.  At 
this  time  a  severe  shock  of  earth- 
quake was  felt,  attended  by  very 
heavy  gusts.  The  gale  continusd 
to  increase,  until  its  force  was  per- 
fectly terrific.  By  half-pest  one 
the  mercury  had  fallen  four-Unths 
of  an  inch,  and  the  storm  at  this 
time  vros  dreadful.    By  tm  lh.  it 


liad  abated ;  and  towards  morning 
the  day  dawned  as  calmly  as  if  the 
elements  had  been  at  peace ;  but 
on  loolung  abroad  on  the  aSndi 
the  island,  whioh  had  been  studded 
with  neat  atmctnres  and  populous 
villages,  appeared  aa  a  waste  of 
rubbish  and  niin.  It  is  believed 
that  the  south  and  west  part  of  die 
island  experienced  the  wind  much 
more  than  the  north  side.  In  the 
old  road  division  the  devasiatioD 
was  immense.  Villages  wer«  ut- 
terly destroyed,  and  plantation! 
swept  away,  the  Middle  Groond 
Buildings  thrown  into  the  sea. 
Govenimeat  loos  in  English  ha^ 
bonr  alone  is  20,0001.  Throughout 
the  island  aoOO  buildings  an  nn- 
Txmfed,  and  700  totally  destroyed. 
The  numl>er  of  lives  lost  is  said  to 
be  thirty ;  authentio  aooounts  of 
eighteen  have  been  received.  Im- 
mense numbers  of  cattle  and  stock 
of  all  kinds  have  been  destroyed. 
The  largest  trees  were  torn  up  by 
the  roots,  and  houses  were  lifted 
twenty-five  yards  from  their  founda- 
tion. 

Nearly  similar  scenes  occurred 
at  St.  Kitts  and  Nevis.  At  St 
Thomas  the  storm  vras  less  terrible. 

Hi.  BoBNINO  OF  THB  OcEAK 
MONAROR,  AND  LOSS  OF  178  LIVES. 

—A  moat  appalling  catastrophe 
occurred  ofFthe  Orms  Head,  within 
a  few  miles  of  shore,  by  which  not 
less  than  1 76  persons  perished  by 
the  most  frightful  of  alt  deaths. 

The  Ocean  Monarch,  an  Ame- 
rican emigrant  ship,  left  Liverpool 
in  the  momiug,  having  on  board 
309  persons,  crew  and  passengers. 
She  had  not  advanced  more  than 
jairly  into  the  Irish  Channel  before 
she  look  fire,  and  in  a  few  hours 
was  burnt  to  the  vrater's  edge; 
and  at  Itatt  half  the  nvmber  of  the 
pertoni  on  board  periiktd  I 

The  Tessel  had  proeeoded  with 


Atro.]  CHROJIICLE.  Ill 

B  fiiTOunbl«  wind,  and  had  reached  were  lost.    Groups  of  men,  women, 

the  bey  between  the  Orms  Head  and    children    also    precipitated 

and  Abergeli,  where  she  wae  met  themselves  into  the  water,  in  the 

hj  a  yacht  belongiag  to  Mr.  Little-  lain  hope  of  lelf-preeerration,  but 

dale,  *ho  was  returning  from  the  the  waters  cloeea  over  many  of 

fiMnmaris  regatta.  them  for  aver.     No  pen  can  de- 

Ur.  Littleaale  and  bis  friends  scribe  this  awful  scene.  The  Samoa 
were  admiring  the  beanty  of  the  continued  to  rage  with  inoredaed 
splendid  ship  as  she  wis  pnrauing  fury.  In  a  few  minntaa  the  mizen- 
her  coarse  to  the  Atlantic.  On  a  mast  went  overboard,  a  few  minutes 
sndden  tbs  Oatan  Monarch  waa  more  and  the  mainmast  shared  the 
obsemd  to  pat  up  her  helm  as  if  same  fate.  There  yet  remained 
retoming  to  Liverpool.  A  &a:g  of  the  foremast.  As  the  fire  was 
distrees  was  immaiiiBtely  hoisted,  making  its  way  to  the  fore  part  of 
and  in  a  few  seconds  flames  were  the  vessel,  the  passengers  and  crew, 
obaerved  to  burst  out  abaft.  The  of  course,  crowded  still  further 
ship  was  lying  right  in  the  course  forward.  To  the  jibboom  they 
of  the  yacht,  and  Mr.  Littledale  clung  in  clusters  as  thick  as  they 
immediately  bore  away  for  her.  oould  pack— even  one  lying  over 
On  nMiing  her,  althov^h  there  another.  At  length  the  foremast 
WHS  a  stiff  breeze  blowing,  vrith  a  went  overboard,  snapping  the  fast- 
heavy  swell,  the  boat  of  the  yacht  enings  of  the  jibboom,  which,  with 
waa  lowered,  and  proceeded  to  the  its  load  of  human  beings,  dropped 
ship  for  the  purpose  of  rendering  into  the  water,  amidst  the  meet 
what  assistance  she  could.  Of  heart-rending  screams,  both  of 
course,  with  the  swell  on,  it  ^TOuld  those  on  board  and  those  who  were 
have  been  next  to  certain  deetruo-  falling  into  the  water.  Some  of 
tion  to  the  yacht  had  she  been  mn  the  poor  creatures  were  enabled 
alongside  the  ship,  but  the  ex-  again  to  reach  the  vessel,  others 
ertions  of  Mr.  Littledale  and  his  floated  away  on  spara,  but  moat 
crewwereofthenoblestdeecription,  met  with  a  watery  grave. 
and  he  saved  lirom  destruction  In  about  an  hour  and  a  half 
tbir^-two  persons,  being  as  many  after  the  yacht  reached  the  vessel, 
as  his  little  vessel  could  possibly  the  Brazilian  steam  frigate  j^^otuo, 
bold.  having  on  board  the  Prince  and 

The  scene  which  presented  itself  Princess  De  Joinville,  the  Dnke 

to  Mr.  Littledale  on  nearing  the  and  Duchess  D'Aumdle  and  their 

vessel  was  of  the  most  appalling  suite,  came   up.     She   anchored 

and  harrowing  description.     The  immediately  to  windward,  and  close 

flames  were  bursting  with  immense  to  the  burning  vessel.     She  got  a 

fury  from  the  stem  and  centre  of  rope  made  fast  to  the  Ocean  Mo- 

the  vessel.     So  great  was  the  heat  narch,  and  by  the  use  of  the  said 

in  these  parts  that  the  passengers,  rope  her  boats  were  enabled  to  go 

male  andfemale,  men,  women,  and  backwards    and  forwards    to    the 

children,  crowded  to  the  fore  part  bnming  vessel  with  greet  facility, 

of  the  vessel.     In  their  maddened  and  by  this  means  a  large  number 

despair  women  jumped  overboard  of  persons  were  saved.  '  The  noble 

Willi  their  oflspring  m  their  arms,  personages  on  board  the  Affown 

and  sank  to  rise  no  more.    Men  exerted  themselves  with  the  moat 

followed  their  wives  in  frenzy,  and  ondauated  courage  in  the  work  of 


118             ANNUAL  BEGISTER         [1848 

hnmanitf.frMljrriskii^theirliTea;  that  DothiDg  could  ba  done  with 

the  princesBea   sud   uieir   ladies  the  yards,  I  -  caused  both  of  the 

abewed  the  most  unbounded  bene-  anchors  to  be  let  go,  that  the  ship's 

Tolence  in  their  succour  to  the  head  might  be  to  irind,  and  Uie 

unfortunates   received   on   board,  fire  be  kept  as  abaft  as  possible. 

The  noble   Frenchmen  saved  at  The  passengers  oroirded  in  nambere 

least  160  persons  from  the  moat  to  the  bowsprit  to  avoid  the  heat 

horrible  of  deaths,  and  rendered  to  of  the  flames ;  many,  in  alarm  and 

them  all  that  oircamstancea  could  despair,    leaped    overboard ;    and, 

possibly  admit  of  to  alleviate  their  although  spars  and  all  loose  mate- 

aufferings.     The  Prince  of  WaXtt  rials  lying  about  deck  were  thrown 

ateamer,  which  was  on  her  passage  out  for  £em  to  cling  to,  ,a  great 

hence  to  Bangor,  came  up  shorUy  majority  were  drowned, 

afterwards,    and,    with    the    i^ea  "  In  spite  of  all  that  could  be 

World  packet  ehip,  bound  for  New  done,  the  flames  increased.    I  gave 

York,  eent  boats  to  the  rescue  of  orders  to  get  the  boats  ont.    Two 

the  passengers,  and  were  the  means  of  them  were  got  ont;  but  before 

of  saving  a  lai^e  number.  the  lashings  of  the  others  could  be 

The  Qutm    of    tht  Ocean    re-  out  they  were  enveloped  in  flames, 

mained  alongside  till  three  o'clock.  The  mate  and  seyet^  of  the  pas- 

At  that  time  the  vessel  was  burnt  sengers,  with  part  of  the  crew,  got 

near  to  the  water's  edge,  and  there  into  one  of  the  boats  which  was 

were  only  a  few  of  the  passengers  lowered,  and  a  portion  of  the  crew 

onboard,  several  boats  being  along-  with   some    passengers  into   the 

side,  endeavouring  to  take  them  off.  other.   The  last  thing  which  I  did 

The  amount  of  the  disaster  is  thus  was  to  throw  overbwud  a  topgal- 

given  by  Captain   Murdock,  the  lant-yard,  with  the  assistance  of 

commander  of  the  ship.    The  Are  the  carpenter  and  one  or  two  men, 

was  announced  to  him  at  noon,  with  a  rope  attached  to  it  to  make 

when  the  ship  was  ofl*  the  Great  it  fast  alongside,  and  to  tell  the 

Orma  Head.  people  to  jump  overboard  and  cling 

"  I  at  once  went  below,  and  to  it ;  then,  6nding  the  flames 
discovered  smoke  proceeding  into  approaching  so  rapidly  that  I  could 
the  miun  cabin,  through  one  of  the  neither  get  forward  nor  aft,  I  was 
after  etate-rooms.  We  began  with-  obliged  to  heave  myself  over- 
out  delay  to  throw  water  down ;  bou'd." 

bat  in  five  minutes  afterwards,  in-  Some  got  off  in  boat£  ;  the  first 
deed  almost  instantly,  the  after  mate,  Mr.  Bragdon,  gallantly  help- 
part  of  the  ship  burst  into  flames,  ing  them  in  their  distraction. 
We  put  the  ship  before  the  wind,  "  At  this  time,"  he  writes,  "  the 
in  order  to  lessen  the  draught,  but  confusion  wa^  so  great — passengers 
were  obliged  to  bring  her  to  again,  screaming  and  running  against 
The  fire  produced  the  utmost  con-  each  other — that  order  was  en- 
fusion  amongst  the  passengers :  tirely  out  of  the  question.  On 
all  appeared  infatuation  ana  de-  looking  round  to  see  what  could 
spair;  yells  and  screams  of  the  be  done,  I  saw  that  the  second 
most  horrifying  description  were  mate  had  lowered  the  stem-boat, 
given ;  all  control  over  them  was  and,  wilfa  three  men,  had  got  into 
lost;  my  voice  could  not  be  heard,  it.  They  were  lying  by  astern, 
nor  my  orders  obeyed.     Finding  The  captain  was  ul  Uiis  time  ex- 


AUG.] 


CHRONICLE. 


113 


erting  his  utmost  to  reetora  order 
and  to  save  lives.  I  next  saw  that 
some  of  the  crev  and  passengers 
were  Ismichtng  the  woiat-boat. 
Thejr  succeeded,  and  a  crowd 
preraed  eagerly  to  fill  her.  They 
would  mostassuredlyhaveswamped 
her,  for  she  did  nearly  fill.  In 
order  to  preserve  the  boat,  as 
eesenUal  to  the  saving  of  lives,  I 

Cped  overboard  and  swam  to  liie 
;.  I  ordered  the  rope  to  be 
cut;  and  that  being  done,  she 
drifted  astern.  Auer  drifting 
about  four  miles  to  leeward,  a 
sloop  picked  us  up:  we  were 
thirteen  in  number.  The  origin 
of  the  fire  could  not  be  ascertained ; 
it  was  generally  said  to  have  been 
caused  by  one  of  the  emigrants 
lighting  a  fire  in  one  of  the  wooden 
ventilators." 

The  Ocean  Monarch  went  down 
at  her  anchors  at  half-past  one 
o'clock  on  the  following  morning. 
Tbeweatherwas  fine  and  calm.  The 
captain  of  the  steam-tug  Liver, 
which  was  vrithin  thirty  yards  of  the 
ship  when  she  sank,  aavg  that, 
with  the  exception  of  the  solid 
timbers  about  the  stem,  on  which 
was  the  figure-head  in  an  almost 
perfect  state,  the  fire  had  consumed 
the  whole  of  her  upper  works  to 
within  a  few  inches  of  the  water's 
edge.  Indeed,  bo  even  was  the 
work  of  destruction  round  the  sides 
of  the  ship,  that  it  appeared  to 
have  been  the  work  of  carpenters. 
The  water  first  made  its  way  into 
the  after-part  of  the  ship.  As  she 
gradually  settled  herself  into  the 
bosom  of  the  sea,  large  volumes  of 
flames  rushed  forward  with  ahissing 
and  crackling  sound,  till  at  length 
the  water  completely  buried  her; 
and  the  remains  of  this  once  noble 
vessel  disappeared  in  about  fourteen 
fothcnns,  causing  a  heavy  swell  for 
the  moment. 

Vol.  XC. 


The  precise  number  of  lives  lost 
is  uncertain.  The  following  table, 
framed  from  authentic  sources, 
is  nearly  correct : — steerage  pas- 
sengers, 3-22 ;  first  and  second 
cabin,  S'i  ;  captain  and  crew,  43  ; 
total,  396.  Saved,  per  Affonto, 
Brazilian  steam  •  frigate,  158  ; 
Queett  of  thf  Ocean,  yacht,  33; 
Prince  of  Waia,  17  r  smack,  13  ; 
total  saved,  S13i  missing,  ITS; 
grand  total,  396. 

Such  an  appalling  catastrophe 
was  well  calculated  to  call  forth 
the  sympathies  of  the  public.  A 
subscription  for  the  relief  of  tho 
Burvivora  speedily  amounted  to  up- 
wHrds  of  35001.,  besides  ample 
supplies  of  clothing  and  food,  fur- 
nished withan  uusparing  generosity 
by  the  magistracy  and  inhabitants 
of  Liveipool. 

The  Prince  de  Joinville  for 
warded  a  very  considerable  sum 
for  their  succour,  saying,  "Take 
this  for  these  poor  people ;  it  waa 
intended  to  be  expended  in  a  tour 
of  pleasure ;  which,  after  this,  it  is 
impossible  to  enjoy."  A  spirited 
sketch  of  the  dreadful  scene,  by 
the  Prince,  was  rafiBed  for,  and 

[iroduced  nearly  100{.  The  Brazi- 
ian  minbter,  the  Chevalier  De 
Lisboa,  sent  1001.  Her  M^esty 
and  Prince  Albert  sent  1001. 

25.  The  Tbials  fob  SitDrnos. 
— The  punishment  of  the  parties 
concerned  in  the  late  dangerous 
proceedings  commenced  by  the 
conviction  of  George  Snell,  a  shoe- 
maker, who  presided  over  a  meet- 
ing at  the  Chartist  Hell  on  th? 
28th  July.  Biyson,  a  deoUst, 
Crowe,  a  tailor,  and  Bezer,  were 
also  found  guilty ;  the  sentence  on 
each  was  two  years'  imprisonment, 
a  small  fine,  and  to  giro  securities 
to  the  amount  of  200f.  to  keen  the 
peace  for  five  years.  At  Man- 
chester, Dr.  UcDouall  was  found 
I 


lU  ANNUAL   REGISTER.         [1848 

guilty  of  sedition,  and  eenteiiced  tive  produce  to  the  Nortli,  putlca- 

to  two  years'  imprisonment  laxly  sogar  from  Hong-kong  port 

26.  India. — Defeat  op  Molraj.  to  Shanghae.  Owing  to  the  la(« 
— ^The  Indian  Mail  brings  highly  equalization  of  duties  in  India  on 
interesting  news.  The  campaign  foreign  and  British  bottoms,  the 
against  the  insutvent  niler  of  American  flag  is  already  in  active 
Moultan  hsa  opened  nith  brilliant  and  successful  competition  with 
success.  The  energy  of  the  British  the  country  shipping,  vhicb  must 
is  strongly  contrasted  with  the  suffer  severely, 
failure  of  the  Dutch  Expedition.  —  Indiam  Aschipelaoo. — An 
Lieutenant  Edwardes  having  sue-  armament  had  been  for  some  time 
ceeded  in  crossing  the  Indus  and  in  preparation  by  the  Dntch  against 
Chenab,  and  effecting  a  Junction  the  Balinese  pirates;  which  ma, 
with  the  forces  of  the  Kajah  of  Bha-  however,  to  await  the  intentions  of 
vu]poor,on  the  18th  of  Junecame  the  Home  Government,  as  news 
into  collision  with  the  army  of  Mol-  had  then  just  arrived  in  the  East 
nj.  They  awaited  his  attack,  and  ofthe  commotionsinEurope.  Sub- 
sustained  a  sanguinary  conflict  of  sequently,  the  Colonial  authorities 
nine  hours'  duration.  The  rebel  resolved  to  posh  their  enterprise 
armywere  completely  defeated,  and  without  delay.  The  B^ah  of 
driven  from  the  field,  with  the  loss  Lombock,  to  whom  the  ^linese 
of  nearly  all  their  artillery,  six  out  territoiy  once  belonged,  agreed  to 
of  their  ten  guns  remtuning  in  the  cooperate  with  troops  anda  naval 
power  of  the  British.  armament.  The  Dutch  authorities 

The  cause  of  Molraj  is  com-  fitted  out  an  expedition  of  some 
pletely  lost.  Various  conjectures  2700  infantry,  800  cavalry,  and 
were  afloat  at  the  time  of  the  de-  300  artillerrmen  with  light  gnns  ; 
parture  of  the  courier  as  to  the  and  on  the  3rd  June  embarked 
course  he  would  pursue.  The  nt-  them  at  Beezoe-Koe,  on  board  of 
most  he  could  expect  was  to  regain  four  war-steamers  and  eleven  trans- 
his  fort  in  safety ;  but  there  is  a  ports.  The  military  and  naval 
more  probable  and  a  more  Oriental  authorities  were  rather  at  variance 
termiuationtosuchacareer— either  as  to  the  sufficiency  of  this  force 
that  the  rebel  chief  vrill  destroy  for  its  purpose :  the  naval  com- 
himself  or  be  put  to  death  by  his  mander  distrusted  it,  but  waa  over- 
own  people.  ruled  by  the  military  head,  who 

Lieutenant  Edwardes  has  earned  vras  so  confidant  that  he  set  out 

for  himself  no  mean  place  in  Indian  too  early  for  the  Bajah  of  Lombock 

history.  to  cooperate.   The  result  has  been 

A  successful  rencontre  had  taken  disastrous.      The    stronghold   of 

place  between  her  Majesty's  ship  Djaga-Bagawae thepointattacked. 

Scout  and  a  most  audacious  set  of  The  place  was  found  to  be  fortified 

piratea  near  Amoy:   Commander  in  regular  form,  and  manned  by 

Johnston  was   slightly   wounded,  the  whole  Arab  force.    It  being 

The  coast  is,  in  fact,  swarming  with  four  miles   from  the  shore,    the 

pirates ;  yet  the  Government  ap-  naval  force  could  not  assist  after 

pears  officially  to  discourage  mer-  the  landing  of  the  Dutch  force  was 

ehant-vesaels  acting  as  convoys  to  completed.     At  first,   the   Dutch 

native  craft.     There  is  an  increase  were  somewhat   successful,  some 

of  foreign  vessels  carrying  up  na-  outworks  being  taken,  against  great 


SEPT.]  CHRONICLE.  115 

defensive  efforts;   bat  ultimately  vessel  with  great  violence.    The 

they  utterly  failed,  from  want  of  crew  of  the   Cotmt^lUan — with 

force :   they  were  outflanked  and  the  exception  of  one  Beaman,  who 

attacked  in  the  rear,  and  at  last  wasknochedoverboardanddrowned 

were  obliged  U>  yield  all  advantages  — scrambled  on  board  the  ship,  and 

and   retreat    aboard    their  ehips.  were  carried  to  Kingstown.  On  the 

Fonrteen  officers,    114  European  2flth  inst,  the  steamer  Prince  of 

troops,  and  as  many  Native  troops,  WaUs,  from  Belfast  to  Fleetwood, 

were  killed ;  and  the  number  of  came  in  contact  with  the  sloop 

wounded  was  proportionably  great.  Jane,  of  Liverpool ;  and  the  latter 

The  attacking    force    shot    away  was  wrecked:    crew  saved.      The 

80,000  rounds  of  ball  cartridge :  steamer  afterwards  went   ashore, 

fidiure  ofammonition  is  alleged  aa  near  the  Point  of  Ayre  lighthouse, 

the  cause  of  its  retirement.  and  lost  the  second  mate  and  two 

A  Dntfh  expedition  against  the  seamen. 

Sultan  of  Sooloo,  for  the  piratical  

depredationa  of  his  subjects,  has  qirDTPMnpp 

also  failed.    Captain  Honckquest.  SEPTEMBER. 

who  was  put  in  command  of  the        Accidfnw.  —  Some   very    me- 

expedition,  attacked  Sooloo  on  the  lancholy  accidents  have  recently 

S8rd  April,  after  three  days'  nego-  occurred. 

tiations ;  bis  force  being  but  two        Mr.  F.  Ooold,  a  barrister,  eldest 

brigs.     After  many  hours'  cannon-  son  of  the  late  Master  Goold,  has 

ade  by  each  party,  the  brigs  retired  been  drowned  on  the  coast  of  Sligo. 

beyond  the  fire  of  the  Sooloo  bat-  He  went  out  in  a  boat,  with  his 

teries.     The  town  was   fired  in  brother,  to  ahoot  seals ;  a  squall 

several  directions.  upset  the  vessel,  and  the  brothers 

98.  Explosion  of  Fire-dahp.  were  planged  into  the  sea ;    the 

—A  fatal  explosion  of  fire-damp  elder  perished,  and  the  other  was 

occurred    in    Messrs.   Wood  ana  so  exhausted  when  rescued  that  he 

Co.'s  colliery,  Hindley  Green,  near  was  insensible  for  two  hours. 
Leigh.     The  men  went  to  work        A  fatal  accident  occurred  near 

with  nnprotected  candles,  though  Monoghan.      Mr.   R.   Lamertine 

safety-lamps  had  been  provided  for  Oreson.hiswife.  and  Miss  Graham, 

their  use.     In  half  an  hour  there  his  sister-in-law,  were  driving  a 

was  a  riolent  explosion.   Two  men  pony  phaeton  in  the  afternoon  to- 

and  two  boys  were  found  dead ;  wards  Rosmore  Park ;   the  horse 

another  boy  died  soon  after — both  took  fright,  and  leaped  over  the 

his  thighs  bad  been  broken,  and  a  parapet  of  a  bridge  which  spans 

pick-handle  had  been  blown  into  the  Ulster  Canal ;  the  descent  is 

hie  body ;  five  other  miners  were  very  great,  and  the  whole  party 

seriously  hurt  were  killed  by  the  fall.     It  is  sud 

CoLLiaioKS  AT  Sea.— Two  col-  that  Mr.  Groson  leaves  a  large 
tisions  at  sea  have  recently  oc-  property  with  no  relative  to  in- 
curred.    The  ship  St.  Lawrence,  nerit  it. 

bound   for   New  York,  and  the        A  number  of  poor  creatures  went 

schooner  CotmopoUtan,     on    her  to  the  sands  at  Ballinass  Pierhead 

voyage  to  Bonny,  came  in  contact,  to  seek  a  kind  of  eel,  found  in  the 

the  ship  running  into  the  other  sand,  for  food.     A  sailor  volnn- 
I  3 


116              ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

teered  to  ferry  them  over  a  narrow  The  passenger-carriaffes  fell  over 

chsnoel  in  a  ahip'a  boat ;  the  little  into  a  diteh,  tbe  coupling  irons  at 

vessel  was  upset ;  seven  of  them  taching  them  to  the  engine  having 

weie  drowned,  including  the  sailor,  been  torn   away,  with   the    front 

Tbe  Rev.  John  Llojd  Crawley  of  the  first  carriage.  The  pas- 
was  drowned  at  Arlingham  in  at-  sengers  were  daah^  against  each 
tempting  to  swim  his  horse  across  other  by  the  shock,  and  received 
the  Seveni,  at  the  ferry  at  that  numerons  iqjuries.  Mr.  Shuardof 
place.    The  horse  swam  ashore.  Somerleyton,  was  found  lyingunder 

A  young  lady,  from  Bristol,  has  a  carriage,  so  wedged  In  the  wreck 
been  killed  by  a  foil  from  a  cliff  that  he  could  not  be  extricated  till 
near  Dover.  She  hired  a  donkey  the  carriage  was  removed ;  bis  left 
at  St.  Uaigaret's,  and  rode  along  leg  was  broken  in  two  places,  and 
the  top  of  the  cliffs  towards  Dover ;  the  ii^juiy  ul^mately  proved  &tal. 
alighting  at  the  Cornhill  Coast  Colonel  Baird,  of  Stirling,  a  veto- 
Guard  station,  she  asked  one  of  ran,  71  years  of  age,  who  had 
the  guard  if  she  might  safely  de-  served  in  all  quarters  of  the  globe, 
scend  to  the  beach,  and  the  man  was  so  greatly  shaken  that  he  died 
told  her  she  might  by  a  zigzag  on  the  Tuesday  morning  {allowing, 
path  which  he  pointed  out.  Near  at  Birmingham.  The  other  pas- 
this  zigzag  was  an  almost  perpen-  sengers  were  not  seriously  hurt, 
dicular  slip  used  for  drawing  up  The  driver  and  stoker,  though 
manure.  Some  time  after,  another  pitched  off  the  engine,  suffered  lit- 
Coast  Quard  man  found  the  young  tie.  Soon  after  the  disaster,  a  pilot- 
lady's  corpse  on  the  beach,  imme-  engine  from  Birmingham,  sent  to 
diatelj'  under  the  slip :  it  is  sup-  ascertain  what  caused  the  delay  of 
poeed  that  she  had  mistaken  the  the  express,  came  along  the  down 
blip  for  the  path  mentioned  by  the  line,  and  knowing  nothing  of  the 
guard,  and  had  attempted  to  de-  accident,  and  not  observing  the  sig- 
scend  by  it.  The  cliff  at  this  spot  nals  which  were  attempted  to  be 
is  two  hundred  feet  high.  made,  ran  into  tbe  rums  of  the 

S.  Accidents  on  thi  London  express  train,  cut  the  lu^^e-van 

AND  NoBTB- Western  Kailwai. —  quite  through,  and,  running  off  the 

A    serious    accident  occurred    at  rails,  eventually  fell  into  a  ditch ; 

night  on  the  London  and  North-  both  driver  and  fireman  being  hurt. 

Western  Railway,    near    Newton  The  first  accident  happened  on 

Road  station.     The  express  train  a  curve,  and  was  reported  to  have 

from  Liverpool   was  twenty  mi*  resulted  from  excessive  speed,  but 

nutes   behind    time   at   Wolver-  on  examining  the  carriages  after  the 

bamplon;  it  consisted  of  a  power-  accident,  it  n-as  found  that  in  one 

ful   engine,   a   tender,   three  car-  of  them  the  springs  were  so  weak 

riages,  and  a  luf^age-vau.    About  and  so  improperly  placed,  that  the 

three  hundred  yards  south  of  New-  body  of  the  carriage,  when  laden, 

ton  Bridge,  the  engine  ran  off  the  sunk  down  upon  the  wheel,  and 

up    roil,  crossed    the    down  line,  thus  formed  au  impediment,  which 

dragging  tbe  tender  and  lu^age-  resulted  in  causing  the  engine  and 

van  wiUi  it,  and  dashed  into  an  the  following  carriages  to  run  off 

embankment.     The    luggage-van  the  nul. 

stood  completely  across  the  rails.  Another   accident,    of  a   veiy 


SEPT.]                 CHRONICLE.  117 

complicated    character,  happened  tfae  break-van,  and  it   was    two 

on  the  same  line  on  the  Tuesday  hours  before  he  could  be  got  out ; 

morning  followiug.  Near  Leightou  the  passengers  escaped  with  cuts 

Buzzard  station  there  is  a  bdlaat-  end  bruises. 

flit,  whence  gravel  is  obtained  for  Succeeding  trains  were  stopped, 
ajing  the  road  :  a  train  of  wagons  and  no  further  mishap  occurred, 
left  WolvertoR  two  hours  after  On  Tuesday,  tlie  11th  inat.,  a 
midnight,  ta  get  gravel  from  the  woman  was  killed  while  attempt- 
pit  ;  having  arrived  at  the  Leigh-  ing  to  cross  the  rails  of  the  same 
ton  station,  the  train  was  trans-  line  at  the  Stithford  station ;  the 
ferred  from  the  up  to  the  down  express  traiu,  proceeding  at  great  > 
line  of  rails,  and  then  proceeded  speed,  knocked  her  down,  and  she 
through  Linslade  tunnel  to  the  pit.  was  killed  on  the  spot. 
There  are  two  sidings  running  into  4.  Poisoninq  in  Essex. — The 
Ibis  pit;  and  as  neither  one  of  agricultural  county  of  Essex  has 
ihem  was  sufficiently  long  to  con-  acquired  a  fearful  notoriety  from 
tain  the  whole  train.  Cole,  the  thediscoveiyof manyverydreadful 
driver,  detached  some  portion  of  cases  ofpoisoning,  several  instances 
the  wagons  and  placed  them  in  the  of  which  crime  have  already  been 
siding,  and  then  returned  for  the  recorded  in  this  Chbonicle.  An 
other  portion  of  the  train  left  in  investigation  has  for  some  time 
the  meantime  upon  the  main  down  been  proceeding  into  the  cause  of 
line.  He  had  just  got  back  on  to  the  death  of  Thomas  Ham,  a  hlack- 
the  main  line,  and  was  about  to  smith,  of  Tendring,  near  Thorpe, 
couple  his  engine  to  the  remaining  Ham  was  a  yonng  man,  and  had 
wagons,  when  the  13.80  a.u.  lug-  been  in  good  health  till  within  two 
gage-train  from  Camden  station  months  of  his  death.  He  died  after 
came  through  the  linslade  tunnel  two  days' illness.  His  wife  had  told 
at  a  great  speed,  and  ran  into  the  him  she  liked  Southgate  better 
train  of  empty  wagons,  crushing  than  himself,  that  she  would  many 
the  break-van  into  a  thousana  him  when  Ham  died,  and  if  he 
pieces,  and  strewing  the  wagons  did  not  die  soon  she  should  kill 
about  the  line  in  every  direction,  him.  Ham  died,  and  about  three 
The  engine  and  tender  of  the  weeks  afterwards  his  widow  mar- 
goods  train  were  thrown  off  the  ried  her  paramour.  Professor 
rails  and  driven  nearly  on  to  the  Taylor  found  fifteen  grains  of  aise- 
up  line,  while  several  of  the  goods  nic  in  the  body — suf^ent  to  kill 
wagons  were  entirely  destroyed,  five  people.  On  Monday,  Hannah 
and  their  contents  scattered  over  SontLgate  was  present  in  custody, 
the  railway.  Mrs.  EIrich  deposed  to  conversa- 
Before  there  was  time  to  give  tions  between  Mrs.  Ham  and  Mary 
warning  of  the  accident,  the  York  May,  who  was  executed  at  Chelms- 
mail  dashed  up,  and  ran  into  the  ford,  a  few  weeks  since,  for  poison- 
vrreck :  the  engine  and  tender  .  ing  her  brother.  May  said,  if 
were  thrown  across  the  down  line.  Ham  were  her  husband  she  would 
the  break-van  and  Ingg^e-van  "give  him  a  pill;"  the  other  re- 
vere smashed,  and  sevend  ins-  plied,  she  would  "  give  him  a  dose 
senger- carriages  broken.  The  one  of  these  days."  Witness  had 
driver  was  much  hurt ;  the  under-  heard  Mrs.  Ham  say  she  vrould 
gnard  ms  buried  in  the  mius  of  poison  her  husband  if  he  did  not 


118  ANNUAL   REGISTER.         [1848 

die  soon.  The  prisoner  vas  rer;  that,  amidet  the  fall  of  moturdv 
anxioua  during  Mrs.  Elrich's  ex-  and  Uie  wreck  of  thronai,  the  Bovs- 
aminatioD,  and  frequently  contra-  reign  of  this  countrr  has  her  seat 
dieted  her.  A  number  of  persona  firmly  based  in  the  hearta  of  her 
descrihed  the  unhappy  manner  in  subjeots.  Her  M^estf  appeared 
nhich  May  and  hu  wife  lived  deeply  gratified  at  the  marked 
together,  her  profligacy,  and  the  respect  and  love  of  her  people, 
very  suspicious  remarks  which  she  —  The  Queen's  Visit  to  Soot- 
had  let  fall.  May  kept  arsenic  in  unq. — The  Scottish  portion  of 
the  house,  as  she  had  been  seen  to  her  kingdom  having  bean  agaia 
spread  it  on  bread  and  butter  to  selected  for  the  autumnal  residence 
lull  rata.  The  verdict  was  "WiKal  of  the  royal  family.  Her  M^ea^ 
Murder"  against  Hannah  South-  and  Prince  Albert,  acoompamM  by 
gate.  On  hearing  it,  she  esolaimed,  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Princo  AUred, 
"  I  am  innocent,  gentlemen! "  but  and  the  Princess  Royal,  embarked 
she  did  sot  exhibit  any  diacom-  in  the  royal  yacht,  at  Woolwich. 
posure  at  her  position.  It  ia  said  immediately  after  the  ceremony  of 
that  the  woman  May  left  a  con-  the  prorogation  of  Parliament.  The 
fession,  by  which  a  clue  has  been  royal  squadron  immediately  pro- 
obtained  to  a  deliberate  Bystem  of  ceeded  on  its  voyage,  without  re- 
poisoning  existing  in  this  district,  gard  to  the  places  of  anchorage 
end  practised  by  a  large  number  of  which  had  been  appointed  for  the 
vromen,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  night,  and,  under  the  favourable 
the  fees  paid  by  the  "  burial  clubs,"  circumstances  of  a  light  breeze  and 
or,  as  they  are  here  called,  "  death  smooth  sea,  made  such  rapid  pro- 
clubs,"  on  the  decease  of  their  gress  that  the  scTeral  headlands 
husbands  and  children.  and  points  on  the  coast,  on  which 
6.  FBonooATioH  OF  Paslia-  preparations  for  greeting  had  been 
KENT. — Parliament  was  prorogued  made,  were  passed  many  hours 
by  the  Queen  in  person.  Thera  before  the  signal-men  commenced 
was  but  a  scanty  attendance  of  their  look-out.  The  squadron  ar- 
peers,  but  the  magnificent  hall  was  rived  in  Aberdeen  harbour  about 
crowded  and  beautified  by  an  im.  8  o'clock  on  the  Thursday  mom- 
mense  assemblage  of  peeresses  and  ing,  full  twenl^-four  hours  before 
ladies  of  rank.  The  diplomatic  they  were  expected ;  the  author!- 
attendanoe  was  very  large.  In  the  ties,  however,  were  not  caught 
space  between  the  diplomatic  tri-  napping,  as  happened  to  their  more 
bune  and  the  throne  stood  the  soutnera  neighbours  of  Edinburgh, 
Prince  of  Hesae,  the  Prince  de  but  the  premature  arrival  probably 
Joiuville,  and  the  Due  de  Nemours,  cut  short  some  of  the  mtended 
Her  Majesty  went  in  the  usual  ceremonials.  The  Provost  and 
form,  attended  by  the  great  officers  Town  Council  were  received,  and 
of  state.  The  day  was  exceedingly  presented  to  Prince  Albert  the  firee- 
fine,  and  the  crowds  of  people  who  dom  of  the  city;  and  afterwards 
lined  the  streets  mora  than  usually  the  Prince  landed,  and  on  foot 
numerous.  The  reception  of  Her  viewed  the  notabilia  of  the  place. 
Majesty  was  enthusiastic  beyond  On  the  following  morning  the 
even  the  usual  warmth  which  greets  Royal  Family  landed,  and  pro- 
our  gracious  Sovereign,  and  ceeded,  amidst  the  usual  demon- 
seemed  intended  to  give  asauranoe  strations  of  welcome,  to  Balmoral, 


SEPT.]  CHRONICLE.  119 

the  house  oelected  for  tiieir  so-    the;  elept;  thence  to  Crewe  by 
joam.  railwaj,    Bud    passed   the    night 


Balmonl  Castle  ia  a  large  house,  there ;    arrived   at    Buckingham 

ofniodenistn]ctare,9it)iatJedonthe  Palace  at  half-past  ten  on  Sunday 

■outh  bank  of  the  Dee,  about  fifty  morning,  and  on  Monday  went  to 

miles  from  Aberdeen.      The  man-  Osborne  House. 
sioa  oonmsts  of  a  centre,  square  and         Gb&ai  CAprtiRB  or  Wbalss. — 

lofty,  and  of  two  wings;  projecting  The  appearance  and  slai^hter  of 

windows  and    balconies   give    an  whales  of  the  botde-ttosed  epecioB 

extensive  and  beautiful  prospect  has  occasionally  been  recorded  in 

The  rooms  of  the  bouse  are  spa-  this  CHBDifiai.B.    Another  capture 

cioQB  and  handsome.    The  private  has  now  t&ken  place.     The  hardy 

apartmentsof  theQueenandPrince  fishermen  of  the  Cromarty  Firth 

Albert,  and  the  rooms  of  the  chil-  were  suddenly  thrown  into  exdte- 

dreaand  theirattendante,lie  in  the  ment  by  the  discovery  of  a  la^e 

east  wing,  looking  down  the  Dee  shoal  of  these  animals  gambolling 

and  towards  the  grand  Highland  in     the    shallow    water.       Uan, 

outlines  of  Ballater.    Ai^oiniag  to  woman,  and  child  instantly  armed 

the  western  wing  b  a  conservatory,  themselves  with  guns,  spits,  pitch- 

Boundtheeastemwingisagardeo,  forks,   and  every  other   kind    of 

about  an  acre  in  size.  rural  weapon,  and  rushed  into  the 

The  residence  of  Her  Majesty  waves.     The  frightened  inhabit- 

and  family  at  Balmoral  not  par-  ants  of  the  deep  were  easily  driven 

taking  in  any  d^;Tee  the  character  on  shore,  and  a  sanguinary  contest 

of  a  state  visit,  presents  nothing  took  place,  which  resulted  in  the 

subject  to    public    record.     Tbe  death  of  forty-five  of  the  strangers; 

amnsements  consisted  of  the  usual  others  were    captured    on    other 

occupations  of  a  family  of  distinc-  points :  in  the  whole  about  seventy 

tioaeneatnpa^ie;  driving,  riding,  were  slain.     This  fortunate  akir- 

walkinc.  and  boating,  on  the  part  mish  produced  ample  booty,  in  ad- 

of  the  ladiea,  shooting,  riding,  and  dition  to  the  honour,  for  the  bot- 

walking  excursions  on  the  part  of  tie-nosed  whale  yields  a  consider- 

Prinoe  Albert,  and  suitable  amuse-  able  quantity  of  oil.    The  whales 

ments  for  the  youthful  Princes,  are  from  10  to  18  or  20  fset  in 

The  Boyal  Party  honoured  with  length. 

their  presence  a  "  Gathering  of  the  9.  Great  Robbebt  or  Sovz- 
ClBns"at  Invercauld.and  exhibited  beionb. — Two  thousand  sovereigns 
that  interest  in  the  wild  and  manly  have  been  stolen  while  in  transit 
sports  which  are  so  acceptable  from  Messrs.  Praed,  the  bankers, 
everywhere,  and  not  least  t«  the  to  correspondents  at  Tmro.  Tbe 
brave  Highlanders.  After  about  a  money  was  inclosed  in  a  bov,  and 
month  of  healthful  retirement  and  sent  to  the  Swan-witb-two- Necks, 
recreation,  the  Royal  party  left  lo  be  fbrwarded  ruf  the  Great 
Balmoral  on  the  28th  instant,  Western  Railway.  A  box  rather 
and  embarked  at  Aberdeen  in  the  larger  was  received  at  Truro,  filled 
evening;  but  tempestuous  weather  with  pewter  and  rubbish:  the  ad- 
had  arisen  and  the  sea  was  very  dress  written  on  the  box  was  a 
high ;  the  Royal  party,  therefore,  very  good  imitation  of  that  on  the 
disembarked  on  the  following  mora-  original.  Messrs.  Fracd  had  in- 
iog,  went  overland  to  Perth,  where  snred  the  money.    This  robbeiy 


120 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


is  supposed  to  have  been  com- 
mitted by  the  same  parties  vho 
committed  the  audacious  plunder 
of  the  mail-bags,  to  be  recorded 
in  the  Chronicle  of  aext  JanDary. 
11.  The  Reoent'b  Quadrant. 
— One  of  the  most  distinctive  fea- 
tures of  the  metropolis  has  been 
removed  on  the  alleged  grounds 
of  morality  and  convenience.  An 
act  of  parliament  having  been  ob- 
tained during  the  lost  session  for 
the  removal  of  the  colonnade  of 
the  Regent's  Quadrant,  the  ma- 
terials have  now  been  sold  hy  pri- 
vate contract,  it  is  said  for  railway 
purposes.  The  casfriron  pillars, 
Q70  iu  number,  realized  3900/. 
The  bouses  are  to  be  new-fronted. 
The  total  cost  of  this  alteration  is 
estimated  at  3900^,  to  be  defrayed 
by  the  sale  of  the  old  materials 
and  by  a  rate  on  the  inhabitants. 

15.   ACCIBENT  ON  THE   BbIBTOL 

AND  BiKMiNoiiAU  Railway.  — 
While  a  body  of  labourers  were 
engaged  in  laying  ballast  on  the 
line  of  the  Bristol  and  Birming- 
ham Railway,  which  is  one  of 
those  lines  which  are  adapted  both 
to  the  broad  and  narrow  gauge, 
and  is  used  jointly  by  the  Great 
Western  and  the  Midland  Rail- 
ways, a  lu^age  train  consisting  of 
fifty-four  tracks  came  down  from 
Cheltenham.  The  greater  num- 
ber of  the  men  stood  altogether 
aside  until  it  should  have  passed ; 
but  the  deceased  and  some  others 
merely  etepped  aaide  on  to  Oie 
other  ntil,  and  ware  attempting  to 
count  the  long  line  of  trucks. 
While  absorbed  in  this  attempt 
they  did  not  observe  that  a  pas- 
senger train  was  coming  up  on  the 
broad  gauge ;  this  train,  therefore, 
came  upon  them  uunoUced,  when 
three  of  them  were  killed  instan- 
taneously, and  two  others  dread- 
fully injured. 


lA.     FiBB    AND    Loss    OF   LiFE 

IK  Wbitechafel.— At  an  eariy 
hour  of  the  moruing  a  terrible  fire 
broke  oat  on  the  premises  of  Hr. 
Watkinson,  a  staymaker.  No.  5, 
Whitechapel  Boad.  The  inmates 
were  with  much  difficulty  roused 
from  their  slumbers,  and  attempted 
to  escape;  bnt  being  met  by  a 
dense  mass  of  flame  and  smoke, 
they  were  driven  back  into  the 
upper  floors,  from  the  windows  of 
wluch  they  called  loudly  on  the 
people  below  to  assist  them.  The 
fire-escape  not  being  at  hand, 
there  was  no  resource  left  but  to 
take  the  perilous  chance  of  leaping 
into  the  arms  of  the  crowd  below. 
Mr.  Pitt  did  BO,  and  suffered  little 
injury;  bat  his  wife  was  afraid  to 
follow  his  example,  and  fled,  with 
two  of  her  children,  into  another 
room,  where  she  was  doomed  to 
the  dreadful  agony  of  seeing  her 
son,  a  lad  of  13,  burnt  to  death 
before  her  eyes.  Mr.  Watkinson 
now  courageously  mounted  a  nar- 
row ledge,  and  seized  one  of  the 
children,  whom  he  handed  in 
safety  to  a  person  below ;  he  next 
seized  another  child,  a  girl,  whose 
apparel  was  actually  in  nunes,  and 
threw  her  out  of  the  window;  she 
fell  on  the  pavement  below,  and 
was  so  much  burnt  by  the  fire  and 
injured  by  the  fitU,  ttuit  she  shortly 
expired.  Mr.  Watkinson  next 
succeeded,  but  with  ^reat  difficulty, 
in  pulling  Mrs.  Pitt  out  of  the 
window;  she  was  much  iiyured  by 
the  fall,  and  severely  burnt,  and, 
being  far  advanced  in  pregnancy, 
it  was  much  feared  she  could  not 
survive.  Mr.  Watkinson  was  then 
obliged  to  give  over  his  courageous 
exertions,  being  very  much  burned 
and  otherwise  injured.  By  very 
great  exertions  the  fire  was  sub- 
dued, bat  not  until  this  and  the 
adjoining  houses  were  destroyed. 


SEPT.]  CHEONICLE.  121 

When  the  ruina  were  suffidentlj  moaotony  of  the  proceedings  arose 
cooled,  the  firemen  commenced  from  the  pugnacious  proceedings 
their  search  for  the  lad  who  was  of  Mr.  Eenealy,  the  barrister  who 
knonn  to  have  perished.  After  defended  the  prisoners,  and  who 
some  time  his  body  was  found  on  got  up  on  occasional  personal 
the  ground  floor,  standing  almost  skirmish  with  the  Tenerable  Judge 
in  a  perpendicular  position  on  its  (Mr.  Justice  Erie)  and  the  Attor- 
head,  showing  that  he  most  have  ney-General.  "  Does  your  Lord- 
heen  in  one  of  the  upper  rooms,  ship  mean  to  apply  that  remark  to 
and,  when  the  flooring  gave  way,  me?"  said  the  irritable  gentle- 
bad  iallen  head  foremost  into  the  man.  "I  said,  'in  general,'"  re- 
place where  he  was  found.  plied  his  Lordship,  backing  out  of 
—  The  Chabtisti  Tbiai*. — The  the  encounter.  -The  Attorney- 
trials  of  the  Chartists  who  were  in  General  had  spoken  in  the  vene- 
custody  chai^d  with  sedition,  rt^le  presence  of  the  Judges;  if 
were  comment  at  the  September  he  haa  said  it  elsewhere  he  should 
Sessions  of  the  Central  Criminal  at  once  have  chastised  him."  The 
Court.  John  Shaw,  an  undertaker,  learned  Judge  expressed  a  deter- 
WBs  convicted  on  the  18th.  Dow-  mination  not  to  allow  any  learned 
ling  was  then  put  on  his  trial,  gentleman  in  his  presence  to  ex- 
which  occupied  the  Court  three  press  an  intention  to  Tiolate  the 
days.  The  unexampled  mass  of  taw  himself  or  to  exhort  others  to 
materiak  proper  for  the  Histobt  do  so.  "What  tight  had  the  At- 
and  Cbhokicle  of  this  year  pre-  tomey-General  to  say  he  blushed 
eludes  the  possibiHty  of  giving  any  for  him?"  retorted  the  counsel 
detailed  account  of  these  and  the  learned  in  the  law.  On  Monday 
subsequent  trials,  which  indeed  the  jury  received  the  chaive  of 
presented  few  features  worthy  of  the  Judge,  and  retired.  After  a 
remark,  and  excited  the  least  pes-  lengthy  consultation,  they  returned 
Bible  interest  in  the  pnblic.  The  a  Terdict  of  "Guilty"  on  the 
evidence  showed,  to  a  very  notice-  second  count 
able  extent,  how  utterly  the  evil-  The  trial  of  CufTey,  Lacy,  Fay, 
minded  are  in  the  power  of  each  and  Mullins,  was  then  commenced, 
other,  no  meeting  of  the  confede-  The  evidence  adduced  was  that  of 
rates,  even  the  most  private,  being  voluntary  spies — men  who  hod  en- 
unattended  by  persons  whose  in-  tered  the  clubs,  and  allowed  them- 
tenUon  in  so  doing  was  to  betray  selves  to  be  elected  "  Generals," 
tbem  if  they  could  make  anything  "  Presidents,"  £c.,  with  the  sole 
by  it.  The  evidence  of  Powell,  purpose  of  conveying  the  informa- 
the  informer,  by  whose  disclosures  tion  to  ^e  police — not  that  they 
the  prisoners  were  chiefly  con-  were  instigated  or  hired  to  do  bo, 
victed,  who  appeared  to  be  a  volun-  or  had  any  abstract  love  of  their 
tary  spy  for  the  police,  revealed  countiy  or  loyalty  to  their  sove- 
a  series  of  diabolical  and  senseless  reign,  but  that  Uiey  were  ready 
projects.whoeeonlyendwasalaugh-  volunteers  in  expectation  of  get- 
ter and  devastaton,  without  any  ting  something — hoping  a  satisfac- 
plon  for  converting  the  terror  to  tory  reward  from  Government,  but 
be  thereby  occasioned  to  any  con-  quite  content  if  they  got  allowance 
ceivable  political  end.  The  chief  as  witnesses ;  in  fact,  so  utterly 
variety  whioh  relieved    the  dull  depraved  were  the  principal  con- 


122            ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

•pinton,  that  it  maj  almoBt  be  by  Mr.  Falkner,  the  Coroner  of 
BuppoMd  that,  excepting  a  few  Neiruk,  and  a  juiy  of  gentlemoa 
heated  demooratB,  or  "  Red  Re-  fmnera.  The  jury  inspected  the 
publicans,"  the  councils  of  the  corpse.  "  Death,"  Bays  the  report, 
Chartists  were  composed  of  men  "  bad  left  no  painfnl  trace  upon 
whose  sole  purpose  was  to  betray  the  features  of  the  departed  noble- 
each  other.  Upon  cross-examina-  man ;  a  cheerful  emile  was  diffaaed 
tion  it  came  out  that  Powell,  the  over  the  face." 

Siinoipal  informer,  was  a  very  in-  William  Parks,  a  footman  who 

iffsrent    oharaoter.     The    trial  waited  at  the  breakfast-table  on 

lasted  the  entire  week.    On  Sa-  the  monuDg  of  Thursday  week, 

turd&y  the  jury  returned  a  verdict  deposed  that  Lord  George  never 

of  "Quilty"  against  all  the  pri-  naa  in  better  health  or  spirits  t^n 

soners.      The  prisoners  received  at  break&st :  he  took  no  luncheon, 

the  announcement  with  exploaione  and  for  the  greater  part  of  the 

of  ridiculous  violence.    The  sen-  morning  be  was  occupied  in  his 

tence  on  all  was  transportation  for  dressiDg-room,  writing  letters.  He 

life.  remained  at  home  till  twenty  mi- 

The  principal  leaders  of  this  nates  past  four ;  then  set  our  for 

ohnozious  conspiracy  being  thus  Thoresby,  where  he  was  going  to 

disposed  of,  the  fate  of  the  subor-  spend  two  days  with  Lord  Man- 

dinates  wels  quickly  decided ;  some  vers. 

were  found  guilty,  others  pleaded  Lenthall  and  Evans  deposed  to 

guilty.    Those  arraigned  for  felony  having  seen  Lord  George  on  his 

were  sentenced  to  be  transported  walk  towards  Thoresby. 

for  life ;  those  indicted  for  misde-  Richard  Evans,  junior.  — "  On 

meanour  were  sentenced  to  various  Thursday  afternoon,  I  was  retum- 

tenns   of    imprisonment,   varying  ing  home  with  my  father  and  John 

&om  two  years  to  less;  fines  of  Mee,  when  we  saw  a  gentleman, 

varying  amount,  and  to  be  bound  whom  I  did  not  know,  standing 

.  over  to  keep  the  peace  for  periods  against   the  gate  on  the  rotd  in 

after  the  expiration  of  their  sen-  the  meadow.    We  thought  at  the 

tenoes.    About  a  score  of  the  less  time  that  it  was  the  Marquis  of 

notariouB  or  offensive  were  allowed  Titchfield.    My  father  and  Mee 

to  plead  "  Not  Guilty,"  and  were  passed  on  the  road,  and  I  stood 

liberated  on   their  own  reoogni-  for  a  minute  or  so  looking  at  the 

zsncea  to  keep  the  peace.  gentleman.      White  I  was  stand- 

31.  SuDi>BH  Death  or  Lokd  ing,  he  turned  round,  and  looked 
Gborue  Behtinck.  —  The  an-  towards  the  Kennels.  I  thought 
nouncement  of  the  sudden  death  he  was  reading,  as  before  he  turned 
of  thia  very  distinguished  noble-  round  he  held  his  head  down.  He 
man,  under  the  melancholy  cii^  was  still  standing  at  the  gate  when 
eumstancas  detailed  in  the  evi-  I  walked  on.  I  was  about  two 
dence  given  at  the  inquest,  caused  hundred  yards  from  the  gate.  It 
the  greatest  astonishment  and  sor-  was  about  half-past  four  e'olock." 
TOW.  A  sketch  of  the  life  of  this  Richard  Lenthall,  the  stable- 
eminent  man  will  be  found  in  our  helper  who  drove  Mr.  Gardner, 
Chrohicle.  Lord  George  Bentinck's  valet,  to 

The  inquest  was  held  on  the  Thoresby,  related  the  finding  of 

following  day  at  Welbeck  Abbey,  the  body.    "I  was  oalled  out  of 


SEPT.]  CHRONICLE.  123 

bed  at  night,  and  aalced  if  I  bod  that  on  hk  face,  there  waa  soms 

seen    Lord    George  on  my  way  on  the  grass,     Tbo  body  was  not 

home,    aa    he    had   not    reached  moved  till  Mr.  Hase  came.    I  and 

Thonmby.    I  got  up,  and,  along  Gardner  carried  lights  with  us." 
with    the  gardener    and    Georg^         Gardner,  the  valet,  was  absent 

Wilson,   went  to  search    fur  lus  in  I^ondon  on  the  day  of  the  in- 

Lordahip.     We  took  lanterns  with  quest:    the  Coroner  thought  his 

us,  and  followed  on  the  foot^road  presence  was  not  required. 
I  bad  seen  him  taking.    We  fonnd        Mr.  Ward,  Lord  George's  re- 

the  body  of  his  Lordship  lying  gular  medical    attendaut    in  the 

close  to  the  gate  which  separates  country,  gave  evidence  of  thopoit 

Kennel   water-meadow.      He  was  mortem  examination.  "  I  have  this 

quite  dead,  and  lying  on  his  face,  day  opened  the  body,  and  am  of 

His  hat  was  a  yard  or  two  before  opinion  that  he  died  from  spasm 

biro,  having  evidently  been  thrown  of  the   heart.      There  was   very 

off  in  falling.    He  was  lying  flat  little  food  in  the  stomach;   but 

upon  his  &ce,  and  one  of  his  arms  there  was  no  morbid  ^tpearanoe 

was  under  him.     I  left  the  men  beyond  congestion,  which  prevaded 

with  the  body,  and  immeditUely  over  the  whole  system.     There 

started  for  Mr.  Haee,  of  Worksop,  was  emphysema  of  the  longs,  and 

surgeon.    A  few  minutes  before  old  adhesions  from  former  diseasea. 

we  found  the  body,  Mr.  Hase  had  The  heart  was  large  and  muscular, 

passed  on  horseback,  and  asked  and  covered  with  fat.  It  oontained 

what  we  were  searching  for.    We  no  blood,  and  bore  the  appearance 

declined  telling  him,  as  we  had  no  of  irregular  contraction." 
idea  that  any  harm  bad  come  to        A  juryman  inquired  as  to  the 

his  Lordship,  and  did  not  wish  to  state  of  the  brain  of  the  deceased  ? 
set  any  rumour  aSoat"  Mr.  Ward — "It  was   perfectly 

George     Wilson    accompanied  healthy,  with   the  exception  of  a 

Lenthall. — "A    little    after     ten  little  venous  congestion,  iu  about 

o'clock  on  Thursday  night,  \,  along  the  same  ratio  as  the  other  organs." 
with  Richard  I^enthall  and  Wil-        A  juror  asked  if  Mr.  Ward  sup- 

liam  Gardner,  went  along  the  path  posed  that  tbe  blood  which  was 

to  the  corner  of  the  Deer  Park,  found  on  his  Lordship's  face  and 

We  fonnd  his  Lordship  lying  near  on  the  grass  had  been  produced 

a  gstewhichhe  had  passed  through,  by  the  rupture  of  a  blood-vessel  in 

He  was  lying  on  his  belly  and  the  head?     Mr.  Ward  said,  he 

face.    His  bat  was  about  a  yard  believed  it  bad  not:  his  opinion 

and  a  half  before  him.     His  hands  was,  that  blood  had  flowsd  from 

were  under  his  body,  and  in  one  the  nose  in  consequence  of  tbe 

he  grasped  his  welkiog- slick.   The  deceased  having  fidlen  upon  his 

stick  was  partly  underneath  him.  face. 

I  felt  at  his  leg,  and  it  was  stiff        The  Jury  immediately  returned 

and  cold.     A  break  was  sent  for  a   verdict  of  "Died  by  the   visi- 

from  Welbeek,  and  in  that  he  was  tation  of  God,  to  wit,  of  a  epasm 

removed  to  the  Abbey.    I  had  not  of  the  heart." 
seen  him  that  morning.     There        Q4.   Muboer  akd  Suicide  at 

was  a  little  blood  upon  bis  face.  Livekpool.— A  murder  and  sui- 

The  blood  appeared  to  have  flowed  cide  were  discovered  at  Toxteth 

from  his  Loroship'a  nose.   Besides  Park,  Liverpool.  Robert  Howarth, 


124            ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

K  cattle-dealer,  had  separated  from  therefore  returned  in  the  room  of 
his  wife,  but  she  went  to  him  once  the  Risht  Hon.  E.  Stmtt  and  the 
a  month  to  receive  an  allowance,  Hon.  £.  Gower. 
She  called  on  him  for  this  purpose  At  Cheltenham,  to  which  the 
on  Friday,  and  nothing  having  family  quarrel  of  the  Berkelera 
been  heard  of  her  subsequently,  has  given  some  notoriety,  t&e 
on  Sunday  morning  Howarth's  Hon.  C.  L.  G.  Berkeley  waa  re- 
house was  entered.  In  a  bedroom  turned  by  a  considerable  Duyority 
up  Btaits,  the  woman's  corpse  waa  over  Mr.  Bkkbam  Eacott,  super- 
found  lying  on  the  floor,  in  a  pool  seding  his  brother,  the  Hon.  Cra- 
of  blood :  it  appeared  that  great  ven  Berkeley, 
violence  had  been  used  towards  At  Bolton,  Stephen  Blair,  Esq., 
her.  On  removing  the  clothes,  was  elected  in  the  room  of  Mr. 
the  man  was  discovered  in  bed ;  Boiling.  Some  opposition  was 
he  appeared  to  be  asleep,  but  be  simalated  by  the  tnreat  of  pro- 
was  really  dead.  There  were  no  posing  a  Chartist  Diseenting  mi- 
wounds  on  his  body.  A  cup  was  nister  named  Barker,  but  he  was 
found  in  the  kitchen,  containing  a  of  course  vrithdrawn  when  the  re- 
mixture  supposed  to  comprise  ar-  quired  annoyance  bad  been  in- 
eenic.    At  the  inquest,  on  Tues-  Aided. 

day,  a  surgeon  stated  that  he  had  —  Thk  Assault  on  Mooltan. 

found  a  quantity  of  what  appeared  —A  letter  from  an  officer  in  the 

to  be  arsenic  in  both  bodies.     It  array  before  Mooltan,  gives  a  gra- 

vaa  stated  that  Howarth  had  for  phic  account  of  the  gallant  atudi 

some  time  before  exhibited  great  by  which  the  enemy  wero  driven 

agitation  of  mind  in  consequence  from  the  outworks,  and  the  body 

of  a  heavy  loss  he  hod  sustained  in  of  the  place  laid  open.     "  At  about 

his  trade.  half-past    seven  o'clock  a.m.  the 

—  Elections.— Some  elections  two  columns  were  drawn  up  in 
of  members  lA  serve  in  Pariiament,  line.  At  the  word  'Forward,' we 
occasioned  by  the  members  who  gave  them  one  huzza,  and  ad- 
had  taken  their  seats  under  the  vanced.  When  within  50  yards 
general  election  last  autnmn  hav-  of  their  intrenchment  we  lay 
ing  been  declared  by  Election  down,  and  received  their  first  vol- 
Committees  to  have  been  unduly  ley  in  that  position;  immediately 
returned,  have  recently  taken  on  roceiving  it,  away  we  went,  at 
place.  the  Devil's  own  pace,  though  in 

At  Leicester,  R.  Harris  and  J.  very  good  line,  regularly  up  to 

Ellis,  Esqs..  were  returned  with-  theiu  before  we  gave  them  a  vol- 

out  opposition  in  the  room  of  Sir  ley ;  but  Uiat  was  of  little  avail, 

J.  Walmsley  and  R.  D.  Gardner,  for  the  intrenchment  was  so  stroi^ 

Esq.  that  our  musket-balls  did  not  tell 

At  Derby  there  waa  a  contest,  as  we  could  have  wished.    How- 

the  result  of  which  was —  ever,  many  kissed  mother  eartli, 

T^  P          ^           -an  like  maniacs,  and  killed  and  wound- 

'     ™ ed  a  good  many  of  our  men  over 

The  two  former  gentlemen  were  the  mils  and  through  the  loop- 


SEPT.]                   CHRONICLE.  125 

holes.  It  was  no  good ;  a  strong  him.  After  eetting  fire  to  this  jn- 
partjr  was  left  there  to  knock  over  trenchment  in  several  places,  we 
an;  fellows  who  might  try  to  returned  to  the  iDtrenchment  we 
escape,  and  awey  we  went,  head-  had  first  taken,  and  this  we  were 
long,  at  a  second  istrenchment  obliged  to  get  scaling  ladders  to 
fuller  on,  where  we  were  also  take,  as  it  was  so  strong.  No 
greeted  with  a  very  warm  recep-  sooner  were  tho  scaling  ladders  up 
tion.  However,  the  Europeans  than  Colonel  Pattona  was  the  first 
Ten  soon  knocked  in  the  windows  to  ascend,  and  down  he  jumped, 
and  doorways,  and,  drawing  up  in  right  amongst  the  enemy  mtbin, 
front,  fired  such  volleys  into  them,  when,  as  a  matter  of  course,  be 
that  very  few  lived  to  tell  the  tale,  was  instantly  cut  to  pieces ;  for 
and  those  who  did  get  out  had  not  these  fellows,  immediately  you  at- 
time  to  get  Ear  from  the  intrench-  tempt  to  close  with  them,  draw 
meat,  for  we  were  all  over  the  their  tulwars,  and  they  know  how 
place,  as  we  were  ohtiged  to  be,  to  to  use  them  too,  as  several  officers 
screen  ourselves  somewhat  firom  and  men  can  say,  for  they  have 
the  tremendous  fire  kept  up  from  left  their  marks  on  many.  Here, 
the  enemy's  parallels.  After  tak-  too,  fell  Lieutenant  Taylor,  Quar- 
ing  this  second  intrenchment,  and  termasler  of  Her  Majesty's  S-ind 
setting  fire  to  it,  away  we  went  at  Foot,  and  Ui^or  Montizambert,  of 
the  enemy's  trenches,  hut  after  Her  Majesty's  10th  Foot,  besides 
advancing  and  firing  into  them  for  three  or  fourother officers  wounded. 
some  time,  and  just  as  we  had  got  But  not  a  man  escaped,  for  the 
close  up  to  them,  they  brought  out  doors,  &c.,  were  burst  open,  and 
each  a  fire  of  guns,  jingals,  zum-  an  attack  from  above  and  below 
booruks,  bows  and  arrows,  &c.,  made,  when  every  man  within  those 
upon  us,  that  we  were  obliged  to  walls  fell  a  victim  to  tlie  bayonets 
£ul  back,  m  matu,  upon  tBe  se-  of  both  Europeans  and  natives." 
coud  intrenchment  we  had  taken.  It  was  immediately  after  this  gal- 
snd  when  there  the  men,  both  lant  afibir,  and  when  apparently 
European  and  native,  mounted  the  on  the  point  of  success,  that  the 
walls,  determined  that  not  a  soul  disaffectiou  of  the  Sikhs  compelled 
should  escape.  Certainly  the  mas-  our  forces  to  withdraw, 
sacre  that  took  place  within  a  —  The  Saij:  at  Stowe. — The 
taeekhana  (inclosed  on  all  sides  by  noble  family  of  Buckingham  have 
loopholed  ^Is,  and  intrenched  all  ever  borne  their  honours  so  kindly, 
round!  was  something  awful  to  one  and  contributed  so  generously  to 
who  had  never  been  on  service  the  maintenance  of  5ie  prosperity 
before.  At  this  intrenchment  of  the  counties  with  which  they 
Lieutenant  Cubitt,  of  the  49th  are  more  immediately  connected, 
Begiment  Native  Infantry,  was  and  with  the  interests  of  which 
shot  by  a  wounded  man.  After  they  were  held  to  be  almost  the 
being  sent  up  to  camp  he  survived  head,  that  the  known  embarrass- 
only  about  seven  hours.  Poor  ments  and  misfortunes  of  the  last 
fellow !  he  will  be  a  sad  loss  to  his  bearers  of  the  ducal  honours  had 
regiment,  for  a  better  soldier  never  caused  a  general  feeling  of  regret 
breathed.  He  was  universally  bo-  The  family  had  been  generous  and 
loved  by  his  brother  oflicers,  and,  princely  in  the  disposition  of  their 
indeed,  I  may  say  by  all  who  knew  almost  regal  fortunes,  and  their 


126             ANNUAL  REGISTER.         [1848 

decadence  vao  marked   wilh   re-  ing  owners  for  seTer&l  generationB, 

Bpectfol  Bj'mpatby.      The  public  Hurpossea  all  moderate  description, 

irere  not,  however,  prepared  for  the  Stowe  and  its  magttifioence  can  be 

catastrophe  which  was  tmpendinf;  described  only  in  a  work  devoted 

over  the  ducal  house.    It  was  well  to  the  purpose,  and  only  adequately 

known  that  the  large  outlying  pos-  appreciated  by  a  careful  study  of 

)  of  the  £m)ily  bad  beeo  its  voluminons  catalogue. 


dlspowd  of  for  very  large  sums,  The  sale  commenced  on  the  I4th 

and  that  all  those  parts  of  the  pro-  August,  in  the  state  dining-room, 

perty  which  had  successively  be-  which  was  densely  erovMl  with 

come  free  irom  eettlementa   and  an  attendance  of  wealth  and  rank 

entails    by    the    termination    of  altogether  uneuimpled,  and    the 

limited  interests,  had  been  imme-  prices  realized   thron^ont  were 

diately  sold ;    also  that  the   life  extravagant.     The   articles    first 

estates   of    the  last  and  present  offered  to  competitiou  formed  part 

dukes   were  deeply  encumbered;  ofthematchleas  collection  of  china, 

bnt  the  entailed   estates    imme-  consisting  of   fine  specimens    of 

diately  attached  te  the  dukedora,  RafTHelleorMsjohcaware,  Chelsea, 

and  uie  mansion  at  Stewe,  with  Dresden.    Sevres,    and     Oriental 

nil  its  rich  collections  of  works  of  china.     The  gold,  gilt,  and  silver 

art  and  literature,  ils  family  jewels  plate,  many  pieces  being  exquisite 

and  traditionary  wealth,  were  sup-  specimens  of  the  einqus-etnto  pe- 

posed  to  be  beyond  the  reach  of  nod,  designed  or  wrought  by  Cel- 

tbe  spoiler.     It  was  therefore  with  lini,  Flamingo,  and  others,  broagfat 

surprise  and  regret  that  the  public  enormons  prices.  The  marbles  and 

were  informed  that  the  Marqness  brouEes,  many  of  them  fine  an- 

of  Chandoa  had  joined  his  father  tiquea,  caused    less   competition, 

in    destroying    the    entuls.— that  Of  the  many  hundred    lots  into 

Stewe  and  its  temples,  its  woods  which  the  sale  was  divided  it  is  im- 

and  groves,  statues  and  obelisks —  possible  to  name  more  than  some  of 

its  pictures,  plate,  wines,  and  fur-  the  most  remarkable — single  vases, 

niture,  even  the  most  domestic —  candelabra,  figures,  sold  for  ten, 

its  gems,  library,  matchless  col-  fifteen,  twenty,  to  thirty-eight  gui- 

lections  of  works  of  art  and  vertu,  neas  each— cabinets,  eighty  and  a 

'  were  all  to  be  eubmitted  to  the  hundred  guineas — tables,  forty  and 

hammer  of  the  auctioneer.     The  fifty  guineas, 
first  portion  alone  of  the  sale  was 

to  extend  over  thirty-seven  days.  J*°-  _,       _     , 

Tb.m,r.i»p»ti.„ofth..ta„.  ™  SrA'SSK 

regal  residence  ana    domain  at-  240  Tbim,  Limoacsen!- 

tracted  crowds  of  visitors,  to  whom  274  A  benetoire,  \06l 

its  most  sacred  recesses  were  re-  288  A  Fonihill  cabinei,  99/ 5t. 

vealed  by  the  misfortunes  of  the  5i* J"t?J»"  ™'""^     '     "* 

-      .,        '   ,             ,1.    IT  -11     ■  3G7-8  Two  csbineti.  ( 

family — not  even  the  Tuillenes  or  43^  Sevrea  scesui 

Versaillea,  assailed  by  a  mob  of  405  Diiio,  97  ga. 

insurgents,  was   more   completely  408  Bceni  bottle,  £j  15*. 

laid  open  to  the  vulgar  gaze.    The  *??  ^  "f  <!^  ■",?  "'«*»■ '2/  lOt 

Wealth   collected   by  the   magnifl-  S6\   Ker  table  of  marbles,  ISTHOi. 

eence  atfd  extravagance  of  succeed-  M7  MnUebite  taUe,  79/  lOt. 


SEPT.] 


CHRONICLE. 


No. 

570  Peul  DUililui,  pedcitil   rarred    b; 

Fltmingo,  67JL 
A?a  Pair  of  jtn  ind  ooren,  321  lOi. 
074  Fdr  of  cindeUbn,  SW  7i. 
SIO  A  bowl,  15  gs. 
9\»  Pmr  of  ja«,llfll 
92S  CoIDm  cup  Bnil  uucer,  14/  5t. 
627  IHRo.  12  gb 
838  Diuo,  11  gi. 

690  A  coflbe-cup  and  uucer,  951  lOt. 
8S1  CoflWcup,     com,    «Dd     nuc 

Sip. 
S3B  A    chocolite      cup,     cover,     ■ 

un<xr.  45  g,. 

639  A  Serrea  uItct,  81  gi. 

640  A  ditto,  100  gi. 

641  A  calwn  of  HaffiuUe  mm,  64gi 


607  The  Huine  Venua  (int.)  168  J 
789  Hw  Lmcooo  (brante)    £67 
751   A  biMI  of  Prior  br  Rou- 

biliao  .  .  .  .  13B  I 
817  Table  of  malBchite  .  196  1 
861  A  table  of  marqueurie, 

onnoulu,    inatber-oC-pewl, 


lOSl  An  vnoire  of  tortobe- 
■hdl,  bubl,  end  onnoulu   .  3 

1059  A  Sena  ewer  end  ba- 
sin, he    .        .        .        .    \ 

lOei  DiUo,  ditto       .    . 

1083  A  pur  of  OrieDtal  jara, 
flftj-Ifio  iacbei  bigfa .         .   l! 

1130  A  Peniui  cvpet,  the 
liTgeal  ever  imported         .     . 

1146  A  cabinet  of  marque- 
urie       .        .        .        .  2 

1147  A  minjueteiie  table    .   li 
1152  A  pair  of  candelabra, 

Serrei,  Bleu  du  Roi 
1503  Two  candelabra  .         .   1 
283  Rqueitrian  italue  of  tbe 

Duke  of  Wellington  .   1 

9S3  Napoleoa'i  nipper  tray, 

and  eight  platea  .  4 

430  An  OTal  ciatem  of  ulrer  3 
442  A  nipeib  canilelabnin)  of 

aUfergilt  .3 

445,446,447.  Threeietiofj   % 

'•"■P*' I  I 

450  and  457.  Two  aideboaTd 


152    6    0     JiS 


No. 

634  The  miignl6cent  tealimonial  piece 
given  to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  bj 
the  agriculturitta  and  tenant*  of  the 
countj  wai  ■ilbdramt.  It  weighed 
2200  01.  5  dwit.,  and  wai  purcbued 
for  772/  3<  6.i  OD  behalf  of^lhe  aub- 

644  A    (ankard,    caired    in 

ivory       .        .  .  184  16    0 

766  "BalfburandBotfawell," 

a  beautiful  centre  piece  el- 

ecuted  by  Mr.  Garrard  .  837  8  G 
The  companion  group  sold  (br  S48  3  8 
768  TU  death  of  Sir  Betll 

Grenville,  fee  .  .  .  828  18  1 
779  and  780.  Two  beautiful 

Manda    for    floweia,    one 

BDti<iue   .  .       .  343    8    0 

The  twenty-first  day's  Bale  com- 
menced the  pictures.  "  The  Col- 
lection," saya  the  Catalogue,  "  con- 
tained fen  or  no  pictures  of  what 
is  called  high  art,  that  is,  of  the 
Italian  school.  The  Rembrandts, 
the  Cujps,  the  Teniers,  and  aome 
other  works  of  the  Dutch  and 
Flemish  schools,  were  among  the 
best  in  the  collection.  There  were 
also  fine  specimens  of  Salvator 
Rosa  and  Domenichino.  The  por- 
tndta  were  generally  of  consider- 
able interest,  and  some  of  them 
were  capital  speoimetia  of  the 
several  maaters,"  &o. 


51   Charlei   Brandon,   Duke 
of  SuBblk,  bj  Holbein      .     SO 
i  Mary    Queen    of    Scoti 
and   Lord  Damley  (Zuc- 
cbcTo)      ...         .63 

110  Cbarlei  [.  on  boracback, 
by  Thorobill,  after  Van- 
dyck  .  .    53  I 

S80  The  celebrated  miniature 
portrait  of  Charle*  II.  by 

Cooper,  aent  by  the  king 
in   1651   to   Henry    Lord 
"        ■      ip      .        .        .105 
vni.,  by    Hol- 


ed by  a  figure  of  a  cavalier, 


290  Queen  Hary.bT  Holbein  70    7  0 

291  Queen     Eliiabeib,    by 
Zucchero         .        .        .  60  18  0 

£98  Pope,  by  Richanbon     .  78  10  0 
818  air  Richard  Leteton,  by 

Vandyck.       ,       .       .  65    3  0 


ANNUAL    REGISTER, 


128 

KV  £    t.  d 

338  Counten  of  Shrewtburr 
u  Minerva,  bv  Leiy  .        .    68    A    0 

341  Richird  Grenritle,  Eul 
Temple,   by   Sir  J.   Rey. 

noldi       .       .       .       .  168    0    0 

342  MtTcfaioDea  of  Bucking- 
ham, nilh  her  ton,  Ihe  IttB 


Title,  by  Sir  J.  Rejnotd*  .  168  0  0 
847  Eari  Nugent,  by  Gaina. 

bortH«b  .  .  .  .  IOC  I  0 
352  Mar^uen    of   Bocking- 

haiD,  hii  too  Richard  Earl 

Temple,  and  Harcbionea, 

br  Sir  J.  Reynold!  .  .  910  0  0 
070  Nell  Gwynne,  by  LeIy .  103    0    0 


[1848 


actreo,  40  guinea*  tat  iL  From  lb. 
Keck  it  paMed  to  Mr.  KicoU,  of  Miodten- 
den  Houw,  Soulbgate,  nboae  only 
daugbler  and  beireM,  tlaigaret,  manied 
Jamef,  Marqueo  of  Camarron,  afler- 
■rardi  Duke  of  Cbando*.  Iroin  wbom  it 
Jtncended  in  ri^t  of  hii  wife,  Aaat^ 
Eliia,  the  Ute  Ducbev,  to  the  pmcM 
Duke  of  Buckingbam  and  Chandoa." 


nas  the  only  portion  of  the  niritiea 
of  Stowe  which  did  not  prodncs 
competent  prices. 


Sm  Harquia  de  Vieuville,  by 

Vandyck  .        .  220  10    0 

S80  MiDchenden         Home, 

Southgate,  t^  Wllwn  .  204  U  0 
382'  Wrecke™  off  Cdaii,  by 

SlanSeld.        .         .         .  430  10    0 

403  HeadnfCbriil.bf  CariD 

Dolce      .  .    168    0    0 

404  Head  of  the  Virgin,  by 

Carlo  Dolce    .        .         .  183  15    0 

405  Diane  de  Poictien  (pro- 
bably by  Primatticcio)      .111     6    0 

410  A  Negro  with  bow  and 

arrow*,  by  Rembrandt  ,  263  1 1  0 
432  Sybilla  Penica,  by  Do- 

menichino        .        .        .  724  10    0 

435  Burgomaitcr,   by   Rem- 
brandt     .        .        .        .  SKI  10    0 

486  Finding  of  Moaes,  by  S. 

Roaa  1050    0    0 

436  Philip  bapdiing  the  Eu- 
nuch, by  Cuyp  .  1543  10    0 

488  The  unmerciful  Serrant, 

byRenhnndt  .        .2300    0    0 

982  Tbe  bmow  Chandoa  portnit  nf 
Shakespeare  waa  bought  by  the  Eart 
nf  Etieamere  for  37Sl  15a.  The  ac- 
count of  it,  at  given  in  ihe  Catalogue, 
iaaa  follow*;  — 


priung  nearly  10.000  qndoieDa,  tm  wbidi 
Ihc  Duke  gave  AOOOL,  brought  only  SS51 


The  following  Bummaiy  of  the 
prodiice  of  each  day's  sale  will  give 
Bome  idea  of  the  spleadour  of 
Stowe  HouEe : — 


"  Thi*  renowned  portrait  ii  , 
lo  be  the  work  of  Burbage,  the  flrat  at  . 
of  Richard  the  Third,  who  it  known  to 
have  bandied  the  pencil.  It  then  became 
the  property  of  Joseph  Taylor,  the  poet'* 
Hamlet,  nho,  dyin^  about  the  year  1653, 
left  it  by  will  lo  Sir  William  Davenanl. 
At  the  dealb  of  Sir  William,  in  1663,  it 


Dav  of  Sale. 

£ 

Isi, 

Chins 

.       516 

and. 

China 

.     1074 

3rd, 

Furnitnre     .     1602 

4th, 

China 

.     16T0 

6th. 

China 

.     3U7 

Cth, 

Sculpture 

.     2119 

Tth, 

Furniture    .     2474 

8lh. 

China 

.     3698 

0th, 

China 

.     2649 

10th, 

Marbles 

.     Ulfl 

11th. 

Wines 

811 

]9th. 

Wines 

685 

13lh, 

Glass 

.     1208 

14lh. 

Verta 

.     213fl 

15lh. 

Wines 

oa8 

Kith, 

Piste. 

.     2157 

17lh, 

Plate. 

.     2569 

18lh, 

Plate. 

.     6687 

19th, 

Plate. 

.     C248 

aoih. 

Plate. 

.     4939 

21st, 

Pictures 

.     1876 

atJnd, 

Pictures 

.     1867 

CHRONICLI 


12S 


DijofSile. 

£ 

aard, 

Pictares . 

.     6Slfi 

24th, 

Pictures. 

.  108S1 

SSth. 

Wines     . 

787 

seth. 

Famitttre 

431 

STtli, 

Furniture 

454 

aeth. 

Furniture 

.       351 

aftth. 

Fumitore 

.       689 

30th, 

Furniture 

.       506 

31st, 

GlaBB,  Ac. 

.       721 

32nd, 

Armour    . 

301 

88rd, 

Gkss,  &c. 

.     1017 

34lh. 

Furniture 

.       198 

35th, 

.       278 

seth. 

Museum. 

.     2471 

87th. 

.       821 

■  38th, 

Furniture 

.       469 

89th, 

Furniture 

.       640 

40th, 

Linen,  &e. 

.       477 

OCTOBER. 

Tbe  Choijira.  —  This  fearful 
scoui^,  whose  approach  has  been 
watched  with  ver;  great  anxietf, 
had  now  bevond  all  question 
reached  our  shores,  and  waa  com- 
mitting great  ra*agea  in  several 
localities,  eepeciallj  in  the  north 
of  England.  In  consequence,  the 
Government  lost  do  time  in  putting 
into  activity  the  proTisious  of  the 
statute  passed  in  the  last  Parlia- 
ment, entitled  the  Health  of  Towns 
Bill.  The  Board  of  Health,  the 
Poor  Law  CommissionerB,  the  Po- 
lice Commiasioneis,  and  (rther  con- 
trolling departments,  issued  ver; 
oarefnl  instructions  and  directions 
to  those  under  their  care.  The 
Police  Superintendents  were  or- 
dered to  make  a  dail;  return  of  all 
coses  occurring  witMn  their  re- 
spective divisions,  the  reports  so 
furnished  were  to  he  transmitted  to 

Vol.  XC. 


the  Government  and  the  Board  of 
Health.  The  hospitals  made  due 
preparations  for  the  prompt  treat- 
ment of  cases. 

The  General  Board  of  Health 
issued  a  code  of  very  valuable  in- 
Btmotions,  of  which  those  parte 
which  relate  to  the  mode  of  treat- 
ment are  worthy  of  preservation. 

It  repeats  tbe  statement  that  the 
cholera  is  not  contagious ;  so  that 
panic,  flight  from  the  sick,  quaran- 
tine regulations,  £c.,  under  that 
imaginary  su{^sitdoQ,  are  supere- 
romtoiy  evils. 

The  premonitoiy  symptom  is  diar- 
rixea,  often  without  pain,  mostly 
of  a  v«ry  mild  character.  During 
thepremlence  of  cholera,  dianixea 
demands  instant  attention :  the 
lightest  degree  of  looseness  of  the 
bowels  ov^ht  not  to  be  neglected. 

The  proper  remedies  at  this  stage 
are,  "twenty  grains  of  opiate  con- 
fection mixed  with  two  taUe-spoon- 
fuls  of  peppermint- water  or  with  a 
little  we^  brandy  and  water,  and 
repeated  every  three  or  fam  hours, 
or  oftener  if  the  attack  is  severe, 
until  the  looseness  of  the  bowels 
is  stopped;  or  an  ounce  of  the  com- 
pound chalk  mixture,  with  ten  or 
fifteen  grains  of  the  aromatio  con- 
fection, and  from  five  to  ten  drops 
of  laudanum,  repeated  in  the  same 
manner.  From  half  a  drachm  to 
a  drachm  of  tincture  of  cateehu 
toay  be  added  to  this  last  if  tbe 
attack  is  severe.  Half  these  quan- 
tities should  be  given  to  jouog 
persons  under  fiueen,  and  still 
smaller  dosea  to  in&nts.  It  is 
recommended  to  repeat  these  reme- 
dies, n^ht  and  morning,  for  some 
days  after  the  looseness  of  the 
bowels  has  been  stopped." 

Dietshouldbemoderate.  Ever; 
variety  of  green  vegetables,  cooked 
or  not,  ana  all  kinds  of  fruit,  raw, 
cooked,  dried,  or  preserved,  should 


130             ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

beavoided.  'HiewholetomsaTtJclea  6.  Mubder  of  Gouft  Latour. 

of  vegetable  diet  are,  nell-baked  — A  letter  from  Vienna  gives  an 

(not  new)  bread,  rice,  oatmeal,  and  aoimated  accoant  of  the  successful 

good   polatoee.      Diet  shoold  be  insorrection  in  that  city,  and  the 

solid  rather  tban  Bnid,  and  prin-  followii^  horrible  account  of  the 

dpally  animal  food ;  avoiding  salted  murder  of  Count  Latour: — 

and  smoked  meats,    pork,    salted  "  With  a  great  deal  of  difficultj  * 

fish,  and  shell  fish.     Avoid  acid  I  got,  at  about  six  o'clock,  to  the 

drinks  of  all  kinds,  ginger  beer,  and  War  Office,  where  a  epectaole  pre- 

■rdent  spirits.     Adots  all,  be  mo-  sented  itself  to  my  eyes,  the  hor- 

derate,  daring  the  whole  duration  rors  of  which  I  shall  never  fotvet. 

ci  the  epidemic  period.      "  One  On  a  high  lamp-poet  in  the  middle 

siogle  act  of  indiscretion  has   in  of  the  yard,  the  body  of  the  War 

inanj  iastances  been  followed  by  Minister,  Count  Latour,  ms  sus- 

a  sfieedy  and  &tal   attack."     In  pended,  stripped  quite  naked,  and 

proof,  during  the  former  visitation  with  a  leather  strap  round  his  neck, 

of  this  country,  "  the  most  frequent  He  was  fearfully  mutilated,  covered 

and  deadly  attacks  were  those  that  with    wounds    and    cuts    without 

tookfdaoeinthemiddleoflhenight,  number,   and  the  hoe  dreadfully 

m  few  hours  after  a  heavy  su[^r."  disfigured.      Whilst  I  was  there 

Clothing  should  be  warm,  with  they  covered  him  over  with  a  linen 

flannel  nest  the  skin;  the  feet  kept  cloUi;  but  they  had  hardly  done  so 

dry  and  warm;   clothes  changed  when  the  infuriated  mob  tore  it  off 

after  expoeure  to  wet  or  moisture;  again,  striking  the  corpse  at  the 

sitting  rooms  and  bed  rooms  kept  same  time  with  sabres,  firing  at 

well  aired,  dry,  and  warm.  it,  and  uttering  the  most  awful 

Purgative  medidnee  of  all  kinds  imprecations    and    curses.     The 

mnst  be  avoided ;  Olauber  salts,  scene  was  horrible  beyond  deaerip- 

Epsom  salts,  and  Seidlitz  powders,  tion:  in  the  dim  light  of  torches  I 

in  any  quantity,  are  dacgerous;  saw  the  body  shaking  about:  the 

also  senna,  ooloeynth,  and  aloes ;  yelling  and  firing  were  deafening, 

except  under  medical  advice.  and  with  much  difficult  I  txtUected 

^^lien  seised  with  cold,  giddi-  the  following  particulan. 

ness,  nausea,  vomiting,  and  cramps,  "  Latour  had  conoealed  himself 

get  into  a  warm  bed;  nse  heated  in  a  wooden  box  in  the  feorth  story 

fiannel,    bags    of   hot    camomile  oftheWarOffice.butwasdiaooTered 

flowera,  of  heated  bian,  salt,   c^  by  several  national  guards  and  most 

sand,  or  bottles  of  hot  water,  to  enielly  murdered.     They   threw 

produce  warmth;  have  the  Bxtremi-  him  out  of  the  fourth  story  into 

ties  rubbed;  apply  a  large  poultice  the  yard,  mised  the  body  on  the 

of  mustard  ana  vinegar  over  the  point  of  the  ba3^net  to  Uie  height 

region  of  the  stomach,  for  fifteen  or  that  was   required   to  hang  him, 

twenty  minntee :  drink,  every  half-  and  amused  Uiemselves  with  firing 

hour,  a  spoonful  of  sal  volatile  in  a  at  him.     The  uight  before,  he  had 

little  hot  water,  or  a  dessert-spoon-  had  his  fttte  in  hia  own  hands :  he 

ful  of  brandy  in  a  little  hot  wal«r,  had  been  waited  npos  hj  a  depota- 

or  Artiite   wine    whey    (made    by  tion.audurgeatlyoautionedagainst 

pouring  one  gkss  of  sheny  into  a  the  sending  away  of  the  Deutai^ 

tumbler  of  hot  milk);  and  ttnAfar  meieter  GrenadietB,  as  a  disturb- 

(Atf  doctor  M  qmektf  at  poitMt.  anee  would  be  sure  to  take  place.  - 


OCT.]                    CHRONICLE.  131 

His  re[4y  was, '  A  digturbence  was  >11  his  «Dfirgiee  &re  tnmed  towards 

the  veiy  thiag  he  muiUd.  and  he  one  object — to  procure  for  hia  aor 

hadonlymuted  thisopportoDJIyto  tion   ttiat   position    in    Hnngarf 

Jroctaim  martial  law  in  Vienna.'  irfiich  tbey  claim.  He  speaks  the 
a  the  following  night  the  moon  dialect  of  the  people:  'It  is  the 
shone  on  his  maimed  body."  language  of  my  beloved  modier,' 
—  BikRON  Jkliaohich,  Bak  or  he  said  to  me  one  day,  '  and  I  am 
Cboatia. — A  similar  letter  gives  proud  that  I  can  speak  it.'  Their 
tiie  following  description  of  the  Ban  and  their  general,  he  eon- 
Baron  Joseph  von  Jellachich,  Uie  verses  with  his  Croats,  and  tells 
Ban  of  Crotia,  the  Marcellns  of  the  them  things  thej  had  never  dreamt 
imperial  armies '.—  of — visions  of  honour  and  glory. 
"  I  have  hod  occasion  often  to  It  is  no  wonder  that  when  he  wp- 
conrerse  with  Jellschich.  He  is  pears  every  eye  is  turned  upon 
a  man  of  the  middle  height,  of  a  nim  —  that     they    listen,     open- 

Siwerftil  and  firmly  knit  frame,  mouthed,  to  what  he  sajv,  and  that 

rty-nine    years    of  a^;    in  his  they  are  ready  to  follow  biro  ta 

youthofadelicateconstitution,  but  Buda,  Peeth,  Vienna,  or  Milan! 

nowenjoyingexcellenthealth.  His  When  they  see  him,  they  shout 

head  is  bald  at  the  top,  but  en-  their  enthusiastio    '  Zirio ! '    (Let 

circled  with  a  fringe  of  jet  black  him   live !)    and  will  follow  him 

hair;  he  has  a  high  forehead,  bushy  anywhere." 

eyebrows,  a  mild  clear  dark  eye,  —  LiKnxENiHT    EdwaBvbs.  — 

ao  aqailine  nose,  a  finely  chiselled  The  Queen  has  ordained  a  special 

monUi,  with  an  expression  of  great  statute  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath, 

decision  of  character.     He  leaves  for  appointing  Lieutenant  Herbert 

the  impiBsaion  upon  Hm  observer  Benjamin  Edwardes,  of  the  East 

of  a  man  ot  a  mild  but  determined  India  Company's  service,  to  be  an 

character,    ^ly  confident  of  his  extra  member  of  the  third  class  of 

own  powers.     He  has  not  one  par-  Military  Knights  Companions.  Th« 

liole  of  pride  about  him,  and  one  young  hero,  whose  exploits  call  to 

would  soareely  look  upon  him  as  remembrance  the  wonderful  deeds 

the  leader  of  a  wild  race  or  a  man  of  Clive,  Wellesley,  and  Lake,  in 

of  hi(^  ambition.     His  voice  is  India,  has  also  be«i  raised  to  the 

soft,  his  education  is  entirely  Ger-  rank  of   mqor  in  the  army  in 

man,  he  speaks  Oerman  as  if  it  India. 

was  his  native  tongue,  and  with  the  8.  Trgbijc  Mdbbeii  in  Irh- 
Austrian  accent;  he  is  a  great  ad-  land. — A  slaughter  exceeding  even 
mirer  of  the  German  language  and  the  customary  honors  of  Irish 
literature,  but  his  Sclavonic  na-  assassinations,  has  occurred  at  Ban- 
tionolity  scorns  the  German  arro-  sha,  16  miles  from  Clonmel,  county 
gance,  which  disdains  anything  Tipperaiy.  It  appears  that  a  war- 
Bclave ;  he  spedw  the  Hui^Brlan,  rant  had  been  issued  against  a  man 
Croatian,  and  Italian  langnages  named  Bryan,  for  H.  4*.  iid.,  for 
equally  well.  He  is  unmarried,  poor  rates  (which  has  now  taken  the 
does  not  possess  and  does  not  care  place  of  tithes  in  Irish  hatred),  and 
for  riches,  but  is  devoted  to  hia  as  it  was  known  that  he  was  re- 
nation.  The  secret  of  his  influ-.  moving  his  com,  four  men  were 
enoe  over  the  Groats  is  that  he  is  placed  over  it  as  keepers.  These 
a  Croat  and  proud  to  be  one,  and  men,  learning  that  an  attack  upon 
K  a 


132             ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

them  was  meditated,  fled  to  tbe  desired  B^an  to  go  on  his  kneea. 

house  of  a  neighbouring  farmer.  He  did  ao,  and  was  immediately 

to  which  they  were  followed,  and  attacked.     Heard  repeated  hlowg 

three  of  them    murdered    under  given  to  him  and  Baw  a  gun  pre- 

eircumstances  of  uncommon  bar-  sented  at  him,    upon   which    be 

bari^.      Tbe     evidence     of    the  (deponent)  retired,  fearing  he  might 

former  will  give  some  idea  of  tlie  be  hurt,  aa  the  gun  was  pointed 

atrocity.  towards   where  be  was  etandiug. 

Patrick    Cusbin,  of  Coirough-  After  the  murder  of  the  three,  the 

brook,  sworn: — Stat«d  that  he  re-  six  M  seren  men  went  away  at  a 

sides  within  about  half  a  mile  of  slow  pace,  and  faced  towards  the 

where   the    deceased    men   were  mountains.      Does  not  know  an; 

placed  as  keepers.    Slept  at  home  of  the  party  who  entered  his  boose, 

on  Saturday  night;  and  Sunday  who  all  had  their  &ces  bladtened 

morning,  about  7  o'clock,  the  de-  and  were  di^uisod. 

ceased  men  came  for  shelter  to  his  9.  Aooideht  a  Spithead. — As 

house.     They  were  followed  by  a  Her  M^eaty  and    Prince  Albert 

party,  who  demanded  that  tbe  door  were  returning  to   London  from 

should  be  opened,  adding,  "  If  you  Osborne  House,   while  on    their 

don't  we  will  bum  the  bouse."  One  mssage  from  the  Isle  of  Wi^t  to 

of  the  bailifis  inside  shouted  out,  Portsmouth,   they  were  witaesses 

"  If  you  will  spore  us  our  lives  we  of  a  very  distressing  accident 

will  take  our  oaths  never  to  come  Tbe  Grampu»  frigate  had  just 

again."    The  people  asked,  if  they  arrived  at  Spithead,  from  the  P*- 

had  pistols  inside?  and  were  told  dSo.    Five  women  of  Portsmoath, 

they  bad  not,  upon  which  a  large  who  had  relatives  among  the  civw, 

atone  was  thrown  agunet  the  door;  hired  an  open  boat  to  put  them  on 

mother  was  thrown,  the  lock  was  board ;  and  engaged  two  watermen 

broken,  tlkS  door  opened,  and  three  to  take  them  out  in  the  midst  of  a 

men  entered,  one  of  whom  had  a  strong  gale  of  wind,  in  weath^  bo 

gun.      Walab    and    Dwyer   were  rough  ^t  the  foul-weather  flag  was 

beg^g  for  tbmr  lives,  and  said  flying.     The  boat  was  swamped, 

they  would  never  come  again.    Be-  not  for  off  the  Onuiqnu,  ana  in 

gan  ma  now  puUed  out  by  the  the  way  of  the  Queen's  yacht.    The 

party,  and  tbe  three  men  again  aocident  was  not  seen  finm  any  ship, 

entered  the  house.      Dwyer  and  and  became  known  on  board  the 

Walsh  fell    on    their  knees   and  l^'oiry  from  a  eustom-honse  boat  un- 

begged  for  merey,  but  they  were  ceremoniously  steering  across  her 

bothmurdered  in  the  kitchen.    One  bows,  to  rescue  a  man  seen  in  the 

was  shot,  and  the  other  was  beaten  water  clinging  to  his  capsized  boat, 

with  a  gun,  and  when  the  stock  At  this  point,  Prinoe  Albert  *■> 

ofit broke  hewasbeatenandkilled  the  first  to  discover  other  persons 

from  blows  with  the  barrel.     De-  in  the  water.     He  ran  out  of  the 

ponent  states  that,  after  Dwyer  and  cupola  on  deok,  exclaiming,  "  9top 

Walsh  were  killed,  the  three  men  her,  stop  her  I    I  see  six  peisonB 

who  killed  them  left  the  house;  overboard]  Lower  the  boat  1 "  Ths 

went  with  them,  and  saw  Regan  barge  was  lowered  instantly,  and 

surnmnded  by  six  or  seven  persons  Lord  Adolphus  FitEclarence  bast- 

at  a  borheen  or  passage  leading  ened  with  a  crew  to  the  point  indi- 

into  his  yard.    One  of  the  party  cated  by  the  Prince.  Three  women 


OCT.]                    CHRONICLE.  133 

were  found  floating,  one  of  them  tber  dark  and  clond;,  wind  fresh 

holding  bjT  a  plank,  and  aliTe,  the  from  the  N.W.,  with  a  long  ocean 

others  apparently  dead,  but  thej  swell  from  the  S.W.,  the  ship  on 

were  all  taken  ashore  and  pnt  under  the  port  tack  heading  N.E.  by  N., 

medical   charge.      The    first  was  something  very  nnuBual  was  seen 

slowly     recovered ;     the      others  by  Mr.  Sartoris,  midshipman,  ra- 

showed  some   signs   of  life,  but  pidly  approaching  the  snip  from 

were  not  ultimstely  saved.  before  the  beam.      The  circnm* 

Her  Majesty  was  deeply  affected  stance  was  immediately  reported 
by  the  painful  occurrence,  and  did  by  him  to  the  officer  of  the  watch, 
not  proceed  on  her  journey  until  Lieutenant  Edgar  Dnimmond, 
she  nad  ascertained  that  all  h(td  with  whom  and  Sit.  William  Bar- 
been  done  that  the  drcnmetances  rett,  the  Master,  1  was  at  the  time 
admitted  of,  leaving  a  generous  walking  the  quarter-deck.  The 
mark  of  her  sympathy.  Her  Ma-  ship's  company  were  at  supper, 
jesty  also  expressed  her  very  high  "  On  our  attention  being  called 
approbation  of  the  noble  exertions  to  the  object,  it  was  discovered  to 
of  Mr.  Whitty,  who  commanded  the  bean  enormous  serpent,  with  bead 
custom-house  boat.  and  shoulders  kept  about  four  feet 

11.  The  SEA-SEBPEirr.-^The  constantly  above  the  sur&ce  of  the 
existence  of  this  animal,  which  baa  sea,  and  as  searly  as  we  could  ap- 
been  the  sal^ect  of  so  much  cod-  proximate  by  comparing  it  with 
tntversy,  and  whose  appearances  to  the  length  of  what  our  maintopeail 
wanderii^  navigators,  especiallT  yard  would  show  iq  the  water,  there 
American,  have  passed  into  astanit  was  at  the  very  least  60  feet  of  the 
ing  joke,  has  now  received  a  con-  animal  d  Jltur  d'eau,  no  portion  of 
fiimation  from  a  quarter  which  puts  which  was,  to  our  perception,  used 
any  doubt  as  to  the  good  &ith  of  in  propelling  tt  through  the  water, 
the  testimony  entirely  at  rest,  either  by  vertical  or  horizontal  un- 
The  following  official  letter  from  dniatton.  It  passed  rapidly,  but  so 
one  of  Her  M^esty's  post-captains  close  under  our  lee  quarter,  that 
to  the  Board  of  A<bniralty,  excited  had  it  been  a  man  of  my  acquaint- 
very  great  interest.  anoe  I  sboald  have  easily  recog- 
-  Her  HajMyt  ifalp  Dadah^,  "iM^  his  featnrea  with  the  naked 
Hunoue,  Oct.  11.  eye  ;  and  it  did  not,  either  in  ap- 

"  Sir, — In  reply  to  your  letter  proaching  the  ship  or  after  it  had 

of  this  day's  (bte,  requiring  in-  passed  our  wake,  deviate   in  the 

formation  as   to   the  truth  of  a  aligbtest  degree  from  ita  course  to 

statement  published  in  The  Tiiiu»  the  S.W.,  which  it  held  on  at  tho 

newspaper,  of  a  sea-serpent  of  ex-  pace  of  from  13  to  15  miles  per 

traordinary     dimensions     having  hour,  apparently  on  some  detei^ 


been  seen  from  Her  M^esty's  ship     mined  pun>ose. 

Dtedalus.  under  my  command,  on        "The  diameter  of  the  serpent 

ber  passage  from  the  £est  Indies,    was  about  16  or  16  inches  behind 


I  have  the  honour  to  acquaint  yon,  the  head,  which  was.  without  any 

for  the  information  of  m*  Lords  dionbt.  that  of  a  snake,  and  it  was 

Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty,  never,  during  the  30  minutes  that 

that  at  5  o'clock  p.u.  on  the  6tb  of  it  continued  m  nght  of  our  glasses, 

August  lest,  in  latitude  34°  44'  S.,  once  belowthesurface  of  the  water; 

and  longitude  9°  9'3  E.,  the  wea-  its  colour  a  dark  brown,  with  yel- 


134 


ANNUAL     EEGISTER. 


[1848 


lowiah  white  about  the  throaL  It 
had  no  fins,  but  aomething  like  the 
mane  of  a  horse,  or  rather  a  bunch 
of  eefrweecl,  washed  about  its  bock. 
It  waa  aeen  by  the  quartermaster, 
the  boatamiu'a  mate,  and  the  man 
at  the  wheel,  in  addilion  to  myself 
and  officers  aboTe-menttoned. 

"  I  am  having  a  drawing  of  the 
■erpent  made  from  a  skeLck  taken 
immediately  after  it  waa  aeen. 
which  I  hope  to  hare  ready  for 
tranamissiou  to  my  Lords  Com.- 
miisioiiers  of  (be  Admiral^  by  to 
morrow's  poet 

"  I  have,  &c., 
"  Pktkk  M'Qdhae,  Capt 


A  very  spirited  drawing,  nude 
from  memory  immediately  after 
the  occurrence,  by  the  officers  of  the 
ship,  waa  published  in  the  lUiutrai- 
td  London  News,  This  letter  and 
pictorial  representation  drew  &rth 
a  very  admirable  criticism  from  Mr. 
Owen,  the  celebrated  Professor  of 
Comparative  Anatomy,  in  which 
the  conclusions  of  the  gallant  Cap- 
tain were  controTErtsd.  From  the 
form  of  the  head,  the  situation  of 
the  mouth,  the  aise  and  poaition 
of  the  eye,  and  from  the  colour  and 
surface  of  the  skin,  the  Professor 
argued  that  the  creature  seen  was 
a  warm-blooded  animal ; — in  fact  a 
very  larae  seal  which  had  been 
floated  «h>wn  on  aii  iceberg,  and 
which,  the  iceberg  having  melted 
beneath  him,  was  now  swimming 
in  search  of  a  resting  place — that 
it  was  swimming  at  a  very  great 
rate  br  meana  of  its  paddles  and 
tail,  which  would  be  entirely  sub- 
merged, and  that  the  great  appa- 
rent continuation  of  the  animal 
was,  in  Cact,  the  eddy  caused  by 
the  passage  of  so  large  a  body 
through  the  water.    The  Professor 


then  givaa  some  kdminble  rea- 
sonings for  his  opinion  that  no 
such  animal  as  &  gigantic  se^eer- 
pent  ezista  in  rerum  natara. 

Captain  U'Quhae,  in  a  second 
letter,  repeated  his  statement- with 
explanations.  Tbe  oceatorB— seal 
or  serpent  -  seems  to  ba*e  been 
seen  by  other  vessels  about  the 
nme  timn. 

29.  Tub  Vbbhon  Oai-uri  or 
PicTDBBs.— One  of  the  meet  mag- 
nificent gifle  ever  made  by  an  in- 
dividual to  a  nation  baa  now  be- 
come available  to  the  people  on 
whom  it  waa  bestowed.  Mr.  Ver- 
non, a  private  gentlenian  of  large 
fortune,  bos  long  been  known  as  a 
munificent  patron  of  art,  and  his 
collection  of  pictures  of  the  Eng- 
lish school  has  always  bad  the  re- 
putation of  being  nnrivalled.  Tbia 
gallery,  oollecled  with  indefatigable 
diligence  and  admirable  taste,  and 
increased  by  a  liberal  patronage  of 
contemporaiy  genius,  Mr.  VemoD 
has  presented  to  the  nation,  with- 
out restriction  or  stipulation  of  any 
kind,  except  that  it  should  always 
be  kept  as  a  distinct  collection.  It 
may  further  be  mentioned,  as  an 
instance  of  free  and  unselfish  ge- 
nerosity, that  Mr.  Vernon,  in  pre- 
senting the  whole,  did  not  force 
upon  uie  trustees  of  the  National 
Gallery  the  oeoestd^  of  lakingthe 
entira  collection,  which  might  naie 
appeared  to  savour  of  gorgeous  va- 
mty,  but  freely  offered  the  unli- 
mited seleotioD  of  soch  works  as 
might  seem  to  the  trustees  vntrlh/ 
of  a  place  in  a  National  Oallery,and 
calculated  to  improve  the  taate  (^ 
the  people— all  othera  might  be 
freely  rqected.  Of  this  liberal  ofler 
the  tniatees  largely  availed  them- 
selves by  the  seleclion  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  of  the  finest  pro- 
ductions of  British  art.  Four  of 
these  were  of  Turner's  most  ad- 


OCT.)                   CHRONICLE.  136 

Kimble  wot^s.     Of  Etty  six  ex-  34,  Bigahi.  —  Maiuion  Houte. 

•mplee  were  chosen ;  of  Eaetlake  -^Henry  Braxaeiii,  aiiai  Henrj  Ei- 

two;  of  MacUse  twtt ;  of  Uulready  ward  Bnunell,  aiiat  Heary  Beaa- 

three;  of  Uwinetiro;  of  Landseer  moBt,aeargeoii,waBbroughtbefbre 

sis ;  of  Briggs  two ;  ot  Staa&eld  the  Ixird  Uajor,  at  the  Mansion  ' 

tout ;  ot  GoUuH  three ;  of  Chtlon  Bouse,  chai^^  with  having  mar- 

one ;  of  Calcol  Beven ;  of  Wilkie  liod  several  wonten,  all  of  whom 

tbrae ;  <tf  E.  M.  Ward  three ;  of  are  alive. 

Sydney  Cooper  two ;  of  Sir  Joshua  The  prisoner  was  apprehended 
Reynolds  one;  of  Gaiosborough  upon  a  cbai^  of  fmud.  Mr.  Dakin 
two.  These  are,  with  scarcely  an  had  been  applied  to  by  the  owners 
exeeptioD,  the  finest  productiiHis  of  a  vessel,  which  was  going  abroad, 
of  the  several  artists ;  eiantples  <^  to  provide  her  with  medical  stores, 
their  best  time,  and  selected  witb.  and  the  priscmer,  whom  that  gen- 
consnnunate  ja^iia«nt  and  tlie  tieman  had  seen  acting  in  a  me- 
keeoegt  MprMtension  of  their  se-  dical  capacity  elsewhere,  called  at 
vera]  excaliendes.  As  no  building  his  warehouse  in  King  William 
ftt  present  exists  fitted  for  the  re*  Street,  and  under  pretence  of  being 
ception  of  such  a  splendid  addition  engaged  as  surgeon  to  the  ship, 
to  the  public  repositories  of  art  obtained  &om  Mm  the  sum  of  3^ 
(for  the  Nation^  Gallery,  iude-  The  moment  information  was  re- 
pmdent  of  its  inlierenC  defects,  i»  ceived  that  the  prisoner  hod  been 
undeqnate  to  the  proper  exhibitimi  monying  in  sundry  localities,  care 
of  the  pictures  of  the  ancient  mas-  was  token  to  adopt  the  moet  prompt 
teis  we  already  posaess),  the  gens-  mode  of  dealing  with  him,  and 
nu8  donu:  fiirtEer  permitted  his  Mr.  Dakiu  accordingly  had  him 
private  reeidence  to  be  finely  ac-  traced  and  taken  into  custody, 
cesuble  to  Hie  lovers  of  art,  under  When  in  custody,  it  appeared 
proper  restrictions  (ot  avoiding  that  he  bad  been  giuli^  of  a  series 
confusion.  The  curiosi^  and  taste  of  systematic  crimes  of  the  most 
of  the  public,  however,  rendered  heartless  description,  of  which  the 
this  lit«rality  too  great  an  intrU'  evidence  given  at  his  examination 
si<»)  upen  the  privacy  of  an  aged  will  convey  an  idea, 
and  retired  inv^id,  and  the  collec-  A  gentleman,  who  3tat«d  himself 
tion  was  removed  for  a  temporary  to  be  the  &iend  of  one  of  the  young 
exbibilioQ  to  the  basement  of  the  ladies  whom  the  prisoner  had  pre- 
NatioDal  Oallery,  where,  the  Gal-  vailed  upon  to  man?  him,  pro- 
lery  having  been  this  day  reopened  duoed  three  certificates  of  mar- 
after  the  usual  autumnal  closing  riage,  in  each  of  whioh  the  prisoner 
necessary  for  the  proper  cleansing  was  a  contracting  party.  The  first 
and  rearrangement  of  the  pictures,  stated  that  ths  prisoner  had  mar* 
it  waa  doily  visited  by  thousands  ried  Elizabeth  Timley,  on.  the  36th 
of  eagerand  admiring  spectators.  ofMarch,1813;  theseoond,thatha 
It  now  remains  for  the  nation  hadmarriedEmilyGeorglna  Rose, 
to  exhibit  its  gratitude  by  pro-  in  Calcutta,  in  1817,  in  the  name 
Tiding  a  suitable  gallery  for  the  of  Henry  EdvrardBnunell;  and  the 
splendid  gift,  and  some  testimonial  third,  tlutt  he  had  married  Hannah 
to  the  munificent  donor.  The  pic  Amelia  Blond,  in  Liverpool,  on  the 
tures  ore  said  to  be  of  the  value  of  SOtli  of  September  in  the  present 
80,000/.  year. 

L ,CioOQlc 


136  ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

The  witness  said,   "  The  case  forfeited  when  sba  married,  and 

as  regards   the   young  Isdj  with  she  not  only  was  a  loeer  in  that 

whose   famil;   I   have   been    for  way,  but  he  got  hold  of  her  clothes, 

Beveral    years  acquainted    is  one  furniture,  and  trinkets,  and  sold 

of  peculiar  atrocity.     She  was  no  them.      When  he  went  to  India, 

more  than  15  years  of  age,  and  he  left  her  in  London,  with  an 

was  ^oing  out  with  her  mother  authority  to  recave  hia  half-pay, 

and  sisters  to  India,  in  a  ship  in  and  be  tiien  went  deliberately  to 

which  the  pnsoner  was  acting  as  work  upon  his  fellow  passenger's 

sai^eon.     She  is  a  young  lady  of  affections.    Subsequentiy,  I  found 

high  ftccomplishmentfl ;  and,  upon  that  he  had  married  Miss  Bland, 

the  passage,  the  prisoner  contrived  and  I  have  every  reason  to  believe, 

to  gain  her  affections,  and  to  ob-  from  the  statement  of  a  relative  of 

tain  her  mother's  sanction  to  their  his,  that  he  has  left  a  wife  and  two 

union  on   the   vessel's  arrival  at  children  in  Liakeard,  in  Cornwall. 

Calcutta.    He  represented  to  the  Some  delay,  however,  most  take 

family  that  his  father  had  lately  place  before  we  can  get  the  parties 

died,  leaving  6000/.,  and  he  pro-  together.    The  base  conduct  of  the 

duced  letters,  which  were,  too  late,  pnsouer  has,  I  need  hardly  say, 

found  to  be  foigeries,  confirming  occasioned  the  deepest  distress." 
the  extent  of  the  inheritance.     Sy         Mr.  Dakin  said  the  prisoner  had 

his  address,  by  the  production  of  represented  to  him  tnat  he  had 

the  false  documents,  so  favourable  been  disappointed  in  his  expecta- 

to  his  views,  and  by  the  off^  to  tions  of  an  advance  of  money  from 

settle  SOOO^.  of  the  60001.  upon  the  captain  of  the  vessel,  and  thirt 

the  young  lady,  he  made  such  an  he  was  in  want  of  31.,  which  the 

impression   that    there  was   very  witness   believing   to    be    a  true 

little  hesitation;  and  upon  his  re-  statement,  handed  to  him.     It  was, 

torn  to  this  country  with  his  young  however,    afterwards  ascertained, 

wife,  he  abandoned  her  at  an  hotel  that  though  the  prisoner  had  been 

in  Liverpool.      She  is  now  with  in  treaty  with  the  captain  to  go  ont 

her  friends  in  Dev(»ishire."  as  surgeon  in  the  ship,  the  negoeia- 

The   Lord   Mayor. — "Did  he  tion  was  at  an  end  before  Mr.  Dakin 

make  the  BMtdi  settlement  on  her?"  was  applied  to  for  the  money. 

Witness. — "  He  actually  settled  The  prisoner  here  said  that  his 
the  money  with  all  the  necessai;  agreement  to  go  ont  in  the  vessel 
forms  upon  the  poor  girl.  I  had  was  not  nullified  until  after  he  had 
been  watching  for  his  arrivsl,  and  got  the  money  from  Mr.  Dakin.  so 
he  cam?  to  the  knowledge  of  that  that,  at  all  events,  that  transaction 
foct  and  got  awa^.  However,  was  nothing  more  than  a  debt- 
through  Mr.  Dakin,  the  ends  of  {A  laugh.)  "  I  intended  to  pa/ 
justice  are  likely  to  be  answered,  that  money,"  said  he,  "and  I  do 
In  the  course  of  my  inquiries  I  intend  to  pay  it  Whatever  may 
learned  that  he  had  married  Miss  have  been  my  conduct  in  other 
Timley,  in  lEi43.  He  had,  it  ap-  respects,  I  had  no  idea  of  com- 
pears, gone  down  to  the  country  mitting  fraud  in  that  matter." 
and  set  up  buainesB  as  a  profee-  The  prisoner  is  supposed  to  have 
sional  man,  in  the  neighbourhood  several  other  wives.  At  his  sub- 
in  which  that  lady  resided.  She  sequent  examination,  when  hia  ua- 
had  a  small  annuity,  which  was  forlnnate  victims  were  produced. 


OCT.]  CHRONICLE.  137 

very  distresBing  bc«iim  occurred,  illuminated  borders  and  initial  let- 

The  prisoner,  who  condncUd  bim-  tets,    IS/.    IGi. ;    anotlier  Uissal, 

self  with  the  greatest  indifference  101.  lOf. ;  lot  453,  Manuscript  in 

throughout,  was  finally  committed.  Latin,  relating  to  the  possessions 

tried  and  convicted,  and  sentenced  of  monagt«riee  in  England,  quarto, 

to  be  transported.  1001. :  this  volume,  alter  a  length- 

20.  Trial  of  Muujhs,  a  Chart-  ened  competition  between  Mr. 
I8T.  —  Another  Chartist,  George  Bodd  and  Mr.  Thorpe,  was  knocked 
Bridge  Mullins,  a  surgeon,  was  down  to  the  latter ;  two  early  Mis- 
tried  for  treasonable  conspiracy,  sals,  10{,  lOi. ;  lot  460,  two  Mis- 
The  trial  was  similar  in  all  ita  sals,  11/;  lot  461,  Hots  Beats 
featores  to  that  of  Cuffey  and  the  Vii^is  Maries,  printed  on  rellum, 
other  prisoners  who  were  convicted  with  39  illuminations,  461.  The 
at  the  September  Sessions ;  Powell  sale  included  an  interesting  colleo- 
being  again  a  principal  witness,  tion  of  miniatures,  many  of  cele- 
George  Davis  gave  evidence  that  hrated  persons  of  ibe  Elizabethan 
the  prisoner  laid  before  the  "  War  period.  The  pictures  were  not  re- 
Committee  "  a  plan  for  barricading  markable  for  excellence,  with  the 
London.  St  Paul's  was  to  be  bnmt  exception  of  the  head  of  David,  by 
if  it  could  not  be  taken.  Carlo  Dolce,  which  possessed  con- 

The    cross-examination  of  the  siderable  county  reputation.    This 

witness  by  the  prisoner's  counsel,  picture  was    put  up  at  100  gni- 

threw  great  discredit  npon  Powell  neau,  and  the  biddings  r^idly  ad- 

ond  other  informers ;  but  aa  tMa  Tanced  to  330  gniness. 
was  no  more  than  every  one  knew         S8.  Frioutfui.  Coai.  Pit  Ex- 

before,  the  jury  found  the  prisoner  plosion. — Thirty  Livkb  Lost. — 

"  Guilt;."      After    verdict,    wit^  A   dreadful    explosiou,    by  which 

nesees  were  called  as  to  cheuwiter.  nearly  the  whole  of  the  huids  em- 

Dr.   Kingston,  physician  of  tbe  ployed  at  the  Whinny-hill  Pit,  at 

Westminster    Hospital,    deposed  Oleaton  Moor,  near  Whitehaven, 

that  the  prisoner  was  his  clmical  leased  by  the   Hematite  Mining 

cleric  for  two  years,  and  during  Company,  have  been  killed.    The 

that  lime  conducted  himself  with  explouon  occurred  between  six  and 

exemplary  morality  and  diligence,  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning,  at 

Other  offloers  of  the  same  public  which  time  the  whole  of  the  hands, 

institution  spoke  similarly  in  his  31  in  number,  usually  employed 

fitvour.     He  was  sentenced  to  be  in  the  pit  were  engaged  in  their 

transported  for  life.  labours.    Of  these,  30  were  killed 

—  A  riHB  Collection  of  old  instantaneously;  the  other  escaped 
books,  pictures,and  other  articlesof  without  iryury.  Of  course  nothing 
taste  and  vertu,  preserved  at  Nevill  could  be  known  as  to  the  cause  of 
Holt,  an  ancient  seat  of  an  ancient  the  catastrophe, 
family,  the  Nevills,  has  lately  been  39.  Accidbkt  on  thk  Yobs 
dispersed.  The  following  rare  ar-  txo  Newcastle  Bailwat.— A  fa- 
ticlee  produced  considerable  com-  talaccidenthappened.lateatnigbt, 
petition,  and  realised  high  prices :  on  the  York  and  Newcastle  Bail- 
— Shakespeare's  Comedies,  kc  ,  way,  near  the  Boldon  station.  Aa 
163S,  Uli  guineas ;  Boke  of  the  engine  vras  conveying  some  work- 
Psalms,  black  letter.  164T.  34gur-  men  to  Shields;  the  engine  was 
neaa ;  Missale  Romanom,  with  SO  incaulionely  slopped  at  the  bri^ 


188  ANNUAL    REGISTER.         [1848 

over  the  Don,  to  take  in  water;  therT«qniremeiiteat4.lS7,013L— 
while  thus  delayed,  «  moil-tituB  total  capital,  l5,il8,013J.  It  sup- 
eanw  up  on  the  same  line ;  tb«  poaea  that  the  traffic  will  oontisoe 
night  was  very  thick,  and  the  mov-  to  yield  the  same  rUe  per  mile 
ing  train  was  daebed  into  the  eta-  on  the  39A  miles  which  will  be 
tionary  (me :  the  carriage  eontam.-  opened  when  the  whole  owitol  is 
ing  the  workmen  was  crushed  to  apent,  as  at  present ;  and  utat  its 
pieces.  One  man  was  killed  on  roTsnue,  after  deducting  40  per 
the  spot,  two  others  died  in  a  few  cent  for  working  expenses,  wilt 
minutes,  and  the  condition  of  a  then  yield  a  net  sum  of  eSS.lOOJ. 
&urth  was  contiderad  hcpeleae ;  This  sum  will  give  a  dividand  of 
the  dnvee  of  the  special  engine  Ri.  10*.  per  cent,  on  the  prestuned 
Boliered  a,  fracture  of  the  leg.  and  full  capital.  The  Oxford  and  Chel- 
Ili«  other  people  were  all  more  or  tenham  and  the  Cornwall  Bailw^ 
less  hurt.  The  paaasnoen  in  the  are  to  rest  in  abeyanee. 
mail-train  escaped  simoet  un-  The  South- Western  Company's 
soatbed.  accounts  are  not  quite  so  deer  or 
SO.  The  IUilwats.  —  With  a  full.  The  raanlt  held  out  to  the 
view  of  allaying  the  distrust  which  shareholders  is,  that  the  net  re- 
new prevails  in  respect  of  the  pn-  venue  will  give  a  dividend  of  61. 
■pects  ot  Ibis  specaea  of  invest-  per  oeut  on  a  share  capital  of 
ment,  and  to  revive  the  shares  6,471,7032.;  but  this  result  im- 
from  their  present  depressed  con-  pliee  an  inorease  of  S,49M.  (about 
dilion,  llie  principal  rsilwsy  com-  a  seventh)  in  the  weekly  rece^ta. 
panies  have  published  elabor&te  Fvj.  or  &  Viaduct. — The  Bo- 
statements  of  their  position  and  ther  Viaduct,  a  great  railway  work 
proepects.  The  North-West«m  in  construction,  about  sis  miles 
Bailway  Company  proposes  to  esst  of  Sheffield,  suddenly  fell  and 
abandon  the  construction  of  fif-  killed  three  men.  The  viaduot 
teen  lines  for  which  Parliamentary  vas  oomprised  in  the  works  of  the 
powers  have  been  obtained :  re-  Manchester,  Sheffield,  and  Lin- 
Ottcing  by  8,876,9031.  their  pro-  colnshire  Railway,  and  was  de^ 
posed  expenditure.  The  total  ex-  eigned  to  consiBt  of  thirty-six 
penditure,  by  the  year  ISAii,  they  aeches  thirty  feet  in  span,  built 
estimate  at  S6,86S,013^  To  pay  with  brick.  Twenty  arches  had 
seven  per  cent,  on  this  sum.  a  re-  been  completed,  and  the  limber' 
venae  at  the  rate  of  3,638,167^  supports  generally  withdrawn,  the 
per  annum,  or  48,618/.  weekly,  masonry  being  approved  by  the  in- 
will  be  needed.  The  gross  revenue  epectors  as  unusually  strong.  The 
of  the  year  ending  30th  June  vas  centering  of  the  nineteenth  arch 
S,ig4,093{„  or  4Q,ldV.  a  week,  was  eased  shortly  before,  and  no 
The  practical  question  therefore  danger  was  apprehended ;  but  in 
becomes,  whether  the  revenue  of  consequence  of  heavy  rains  which 
the  main  line  and  the  new  lines  to  had  lallen  in  the  neighbourhood 
beopenedbyl669wiUaw^thepre-  and  inundated  the  valley,  orders 
sent  income  by  6434/.  per  week.  were  given  to  resbore  the  nine- 
The  Great  Westsni  Railway  teentharch-  While  seven  or  eight 
Company  sums  up  its  expeudi'  men  were  employed  upon  this 
ture  to  the  30th  June,  1846,  at  work,  the  arch  fell  in,  and  four  of 
11,311,069/.;  and  estimates  its  fui^  the  men  were  overwhelmed.    In  a 


OCT.]                   CHRONICLE.  139 

few  momenta  a  dozen  more  of  the  diat  she  had  caused  it     On  othar 

STchea  foUoired  the  nineteenth  in  occuiom.  however,  she  contradicted 

regular  aucceseion,  the  noise  and  this.     Fry  had  advised  that  com- 

oonousaioD  reeembling  those    ao-  hustibles  should  be  arranged,  and 

oompanying  an  afaliuiche   or  an  the  flames  burst  out  while  Filz- 

eartnqnake.    Ultimatelj  the  whole  gerald  was  in  bed.     Cross-exsmis- 

structure  became  a  ruin.  ation  did  not  shake  this  witness's 

The  accident  is  supposed  to  have  evidence  or  damage  his  character. 

arisen  from  the  insufficiency  of  th«  After  more   witnesses   had    been 

foundation.  examined,  Fitzgerald's  oonfeseiea 

SO.  Tbiai.  fob  Abson-  —  Cta-  to  the  magistrate  was  produced. 
tral  Crimintd  Court.  —  Emma  Mr.  Justice  Wightman  directed  an 
Beanmont  and  Mary  Anne  Fitz-  acquittal  of  Fry,  as  the  testimony 
gerald  were  tried  fur  arson,  and  against  him  was  merely  that  of  the 
James  Fry  for  aiding  and  abetting,  other  prisoners.  Alter  hearing 
The  partienlars  «f  this  very  aodai-  counsel  for  the  women,  the  jury 
oiooB  attempt  at  fraud  are  shortly  retired,  and  returned  in  half  an 
these.  BeaumontkeptaoofTee-house  hour  with  a  verdict  of  "Ouil^." 
in  Long  Acre  ;  Fry  was  her  sweet-  The  judge  sentenced  Beaumont  to 
heart,  and  Fitzgerald  her  servant;  be  transported  for  fifteen  yeara; 
Beaumont  was  in  difficulties ;  she  but  Fitigerald's  term,  as  she  ap- 
was  insured  for  400J. ;  a  fire  oc-  peared  to  have  been  a  tool  of  her 
ourred,  and  a  large  sum  was  claimed  nustress,  vrae  only  seven  years, 
from  the  insurance  office.  It  waq  —  Stsibiutio  Abobtion. — At 
alleged  that  the  fire  vaa  wilful,  t^  fanu  Court. —-Two  women, 
and  that  hardly  any  property  had  Lindfield  and  Dryden,  and  Richard 
been  destroyed.  The  chief  witness  Orpin,  were  tried  on  the  charge  of 
against  the  female  prisoners  was  having  wilfully  murdered  Eliza 
Joseph  Bagster,  a  porter  in  Covent  Wilson.  It  appeared  that  Bliza 
Garden  Market,  who  had  lodged  Wilson  was  with  child  by  the 
at  the  cofFee-house.  He  declared  prisoner  Orpn,  and  that,  in  order 
that  Beaumont  had  offered  him  to  conceal  her  pregnancy,  she  was 
money  to  fire  the  house,  in  order  sent  to  ^e  house  of  the  prisoner, 
that  the  insurance  money  might  be  Lindfield;  and  it  was  alleged, 
obtained,  with  which  Beaumont  that  she  had  died  from  the  effects 
and  Fiy  would  emigrate :  Bagster  of  measures  adopted  by  the  women, 
at  first  appeared  to  assent;  a  large  with  the  cognizance  of  Orpin,  to 
quantity  of  [woperty  was  gradually  bring  about  a  miscarriage.  The 
removed  from  the  place  ;  Bagster  young  woman's  dying  statement 
received  some  money,  and  more  of  the  purpose  for  which  Orpin 
was  left  one  night  when  he  was  to  sent  her  to  the  women,  and  of 
set  fire  to  the  house  in  Beaumont's  Lindfield's  proceedings,  was  the 
absence ;  he  pocketed  the  money,  chief  evidence  gainst  the  par- 
but  told  Fitzgerald  he  would  have  ties ;  for  the  other  evidence  was 
nothing  to  do  with  the  arson  :  he  very  inconclusive— nothing  at  all 
left  the  place.  Fitzgerald  met  him  to  prove  the  mlfid  destruction 
subsequently  in  the  street,  and  of  the  woman  ;  and  a  surgeon  ad- 
told  him  that  she  was  going  to  do  mitted  that  the  cause  of  death 
the  job,  for  201. ;  and  after  the  might  have  been  the  result  of  acd- 
fire,  this  woman  avowed  to  him  dent  while  the  midwife,  Lindfield, 


140  ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

ma  performing  «  legitimate  func-  During  the  Akj,  five  men  were  got 
tion  of  her  caJling.  Mr.  Parry  out  alive,  some  of  them  little  hurt, 
thought  it  unneceassiy  to  make  others  moi«  seriously,  though  all 
any  defence  for  Orpin.  Diyden  vere  expected  to  recover.  At  mid- 
said  she  had  nothing  more  to  urge  night,  three  corpses  had  been  taken 
than  she  had  told  the  magistrate —  ont ;  but  there  nere  still  eteven 
that  she  had  merely  administered  people  in  the  ruins  ;  one  had  been 
proper  medicines.  Mr.  Ballaatine,  spoken  with,  and  there  were  hopes 
for  Lindfield,  pleaded  that  as  the  of  saving  him,  but  the  hXe  of  the 
charge  rested  only  on  the  dying  others  seemed  too  certain.  The 
declaration  of  Wilson,  it  was  a  workmencontinuei)  their  operations 
dangerous  kind  of  evidence  on  by  torchlight, 
whid)  to  place  implicit  reliance ;  Eaily  on  Taesdaj  moming,  the 
and  he  su^ested  that  death  was  man  who  bad  been  spoken  with 
the  result  (?  accident.  The  juiy  was  ^t  out— dead :  while  he  was 
soon  retained  a  verdict  of  "  Not  still  in  the  ruins  cordials  had  been 
guilty."  administered  to  him,  but  he  era- 
Two  other  indictments  against  dually  sank,  apparently  from  loss 
the  prisoners  were  abandoned,  of  blood  caused  by  a  great  gash  in 
Very  sinister  reports  had  long  the  shoulder.  Another  man  was 
been  current  respecting  the  pro-  heard  beneath  the  ruins  for  some 
ceedings  at  Lini&eld's  house ;  it  hours,  but  he  too  died  before  he 
was  said  that  women  were  frequently  could  be  disinterred.  On  the  same 
seen  to  come  there  far  advanced  in  morning  a  third  corpse  was  taken 
pregnancy,  and  that,  after  a  stay  out  so  horribly  mutOated  that  no 
of  a  few  days,  they  were  seen  to  one  present  could  identify  it  In 
leave  much  reduced  in  size — that  the  whole,  the  number  of  victims 
numerous  babies  had  been  secretly  to  this  unfortunate  accident  was 
buried  or  got  rid  of  b;  very  disgust-  fifteen,  many  of  whom,  besides  the 
ing  methoda — the  bouse  and  its  agony  of  their  wounds  from  (he 
occupiers  had  a  very  bad  reputation,  fdling  materials,  were  dreadfully 
The  recorder  cautioned  the  women  scalded  by  the  boiling  sugar,  and 
as  to  their  future  conduct,  and  they  must  have  endured  excruoating 
were  discharged.  agonies  before  death  relieved  them 
90.  Fall  op  a  Sdoir  Wase-  from  their  sufferings.  The  build- 
HonsB. — About  seven  o'clock  in  ina  was  old,  had  never  been  ooo- 
the  morning  the  large  sugar-bouse  siaered  safe  and  substantial,  and 
of  Messrs.  Wilson  and  Sons,  in  had  been  ehored  up  upon  seve- 
Alston  Street,  Glasgow — a  build-  ral  occasions.  It  is  not  known 
ing  seven  stories  in  height — fell  whether  the  catastrophe  waa  owing 
down  with  one  mightycrash.  There  to  general  decay,  or  to  the  weighty 
were  some  twenty  men  on  the  goods  having  been  improperly  dis- 

Cmises  at  the  time,  and  all  were  tributed.     Besides  this  lamentable 

ied  in  the  ruins.     Every  exer-  loss  of  life,  the  destruction  of  pro- 

tion  was  made  by  the  authorities  perty  is  immense, 
of  the  city  to  rescue  the  suETerers ;        —  Fatal  Fire. — The  house  ef 

and  gangs  of  men  succeeded  each  Mr.  Sidney  Powell,  optician,  in 

other  in   removing    the   rubbish,  Oray's  Inn  Lane,  was  destroyed  by 

though  in  peril  from  the  tottei^  fire  at  a  late  hour  of  the  night, 

ing  condition  of  two  gaUe  walls,  and  two  of  its  inmates  perished. 


OCT.]                    CHRONICLE.  141 

The  flames  were  carried  up  ths  nevertlieless  of  opinion  that  ntocb 
staircase  on  the  bursting  open  of  good  would  result  from  afibrding 
the  door,  and  a  woman  who  was  greater  encouragement  io  the  pur- 
escaping  was  driven  beck  into  the  suit  of  various  other  branches  of 
upper  rooms.  Her  husband,  who  science  and  learning,  which  are 
had  got  down  stairs  in  bis  shirt  daily  acquiring  more  importance 
only,  rushed  through  the  fire  and  and  a  lugher  estimation  in  the 
smoke,  found  his  wife,  and  dragging  world,  and  for  the  teaching  of 
her  to  a  window  tried  to  force  her  which  tbe  University  already  pos- 
out;  but  at  the  moment  he  himself  sessea  the  necessai;  means.  In 
leaped  she  was  overcome  by  the  accordance  with  this  view  the 
smoke,  and  fell  backwards  from  Syndicate  recommend  as  follows:— 
his  grasp  into  the  room.  The  A.  That,  at  the  beginning  of 
busted  was  taken  up  nearly  dead:  each  academical  year,  the  Vice- 
he  was  taken  to  a  hospital,  and  CbanCBlIorsballisaneaprogramme 
died  in  a  few  moments  from  the  of  the  subjects,  places,  and  times 
hurts  of  hia  fall.  Tbe  wife  was  of  tbe  several  professors'  lectures 
seen  no  more  at  the  window,  and  for  the  year  then  to  ensue, 
the  house  rapidly  burnt  to  its  That  all  students  who,  bring 
walls.  At  four  o'clock  this  mom-  candidates  for  the  d^ree  of  B-A. 
ing,  tbe  poor  woman's  corpee  was  orfor  the  honorarydegreeof  U.A., 
fbund,  nnbnmt,  on  a  small  part  of  are  not  candidates  lor  honours, 
flooring  which  remained  attached  shall,  in  addition  to  what  is  now 
to  the  wall  under  the  window  required  of  them,  have  attended, 
whence  her  husband  leaped.  before  they  be  admitted  to  examin- 

31.  Reporu  at  GAKBRmas. —  ation  for  their  respective  degrees. 
The  Syndicate  appointed  to  con-  the  lectures  delivered  during  one 
aider  "  whether  it  is  expedient  to  term  at  least  by  one  or  more  of  the 
afTord  greater  encouragement  to  following  professors: — Begins  Pro- 
pursuit  of  those  studies  for  the  fesaor  of  Law,  Begius  Professor  of 
Gultivadon  of  which  professorshipa  Physic,  Professor  of  Moral  Phi- 
have  been  founded  in  the  Uni-  losophy.  Professor  of  Chemistry, 
versity ;  and  if  so,  by  what  means  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Professor 
tlutt  object  may  be  best  aocom-  of  Modem  History,  Professor  of 
plished,  have  presented  a  report  Botany,  Woodwardian  Professor 
which  was  now  laid  bt^re  a  con-  of  Geology,  Jacksonian  Professor 
gr^tion  for  the  purpose  of  con-  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Phi- 
firmation.  The  Syndicate  recom-  loeophy.  Downing  Professor  of  the 
mended  considerable  changes. —  Laws  of  England,  Downing  Pro- 
The  report  is  a  document  of  con-  feesor  of  Medicine,  Professor  of 
siderable  length  and  complexity ;  Mineralogy,  Professor  of  Political 
but  the  following  is  a  summaiy  of  Economy  ;  and  shall  have  obtaiued 
their  recommendalions  : —  a  certificate  of  having  passed  an 

The   Syndicate,   admitting  the  examination  satisfactory  to  one  of 

superiority  of  the  study  of  mathe-  tbe  professors  whose  lectures  they 

malics  and  claasicB  over  all  others  have  chosen  to  attend, 

as  the  basis  of  general  education.  That  all  students  who,  being 

and  acknowledging  therefore  tbe  candidstesfor  the  degree  of  B.C.L., 

vrisdom  of  adhering  to  our  present  do  not  pass  the  examinations  for 

system  in  its  main  features,  are  the  first  class  in  that  faculty,  shall. 


142              ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

in  additioii  to  what  is  now  required  Botany,  Geology.  ■    Thkt  the  ex- 

of  tliem,  have  attended,  before  they  aminera  for  the  Natural  Boenoee 

be  allowed  to  keep  their  act,  the  Tripos  be  the  Regius  Frofemor  of 

lectures  delivered  during  one  tenn  Physic,  the  Profeesor  of  Cbemistiy, 

Bt  least,  by  one  w  more  of  the  the    Professor    of  Anatomy,  the 

professors  (as  before,  besides  the  Professor  of  Botany,    l^e  Wood- 


Professor  of  Law).  wsrdian  Professor  of  Qeology,  to- 

That  this  regulation  shall  wplj    gether  with  one  additwnal  exa- 

to  all  students  answering  the  abov*     miner,   to  be  naminated  by  the 


descriptions  who  shall  commenoe  Vice  Chanoellor  and  appointed  by 
their  aoademical  residence  in  or  grace  of  the  Senate ;  aod  in  otm 
after  the  Uichaelmas  Term  of  the  any  of  the  abova-mentioned  pro- 
year  ISdO.  fsssors   be   prerented   £rom   exa- 

B.  That  a  new  Honour  Tripos  mining  in  any  year,  deputies  to  ox- 
be  estaUished,  to  be  called  "the  amineinsteBdafthemshnlibenonii* 
Moral  Sciences  Tripos,"  the  places  nated  by  the  VtceOhancellor  and 
in  which  shall  be  determined  by  appointed  by  graoe  of  the  Sffliate. 
an  examination  in  the  following  The  flrat  examination  to  take  plaee 
gnbjeote: — Moral  Philosophy,  Po-  in  the  year  1851. 

litical  Economy,  Modem  Histoty,         D.   That,  wiU»  a   yiew  to  en- 

General  Jurisprudence,  the  Laws  courage  attmidanoe  at  the  leetures 

cd  England.     That  the  examiners  of    the   mathematical    professore, 

for  the  JUoral  Sciences  Tripos  be  and    to  Beoure  a  oorrespondenoa 

tke  Itegius  Professor  of  Laws,  the  between   those   leouires    and    the 

Professor  of  Morel  Philosophy,  the  mathematical  examinationB  of  the 

Professor  of  Modem  History,  the  University ;  and  also  as  a  means 

Downing  Professor  of  the  Laws  of  of  oommunicaling  to  the  students 

England,  the  Profesaor  of  Political  themselves,  from  a  body  of  eipe- 

Eccoiomy,  together  with  one  ad>  rienoed  examiners  and   lectorers, 

ditional  esammer,  to  be  nomitiated  oorreot  views  of  the  nature  ud 

by  the  Vice-Chanoellor  and    ap-  olgectaof  our  mathematical  examin- 

pmnted  by  grace  of  the  Senate ;  ations,  the  Lucasian  Professor  of 

and  in  case  any  of   the   above.  Mathematics,   the   Plumian   Pro- 

mentioDed  profeasora  be  prevented  feasor  of  Astronomy,  the  LowndeaU 

from  examining  in  any  year,  depu-  Professor  of  Geometry  and  Astro* 

ties  to  examine  instead  of  them  nomy,   and   the  Jacksonian  Pn>- 

ahall  be  nominated  by  the  Vice*  feeaorofNaturalondExperimental 

Ohancellor  and  appointed  by  gntce  Philosophy,  together  with  the  Mo- 

of  the  Senate.  derators  and  Examiners  for  maths- 

That  the  first  examinUion  for  matical  honours  for  the  time  being, 

the  Moral  Sciences  Tripos,  under  as  well  as  those  of  the  two  years 

the  regulations  now  proposed,  shall  immediately  pieceding,  be  consti- 

take  place  in  the  year  1861.  tuted  a    Board  of   Mathematical 

C.  That  a  new  Honour  Tripos  Btudtee,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
be  established,  to  be  called  "  the  consult  t^ether,  from  time  to 
Natural  Sciences  Tripos,"  the  places  time,  on  all  matters  relating  to  the 
in  which  shall  be  delermiued  by  actual  state  of  mathematical  studies 
au  examination  in  the  following  and  examinatJODS  in  the  University, 
subjects : — Anatomy,  Comparative  and  to  prepare  annuallr.  and  lay 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  Chemistry,  beforo  uie  Vice-Ohancellor,  a  re> 


NOV.l 


CHRONICLE. 


143 


University  in  the 
Term  of  each  year. 

The  Syndicate,  having  respect 
to  the  great  importance  of  the  study 
of  Theology,  and  wiih  the  mw  wT 
giving  increased  efficiency  to  the 
r^uUtions  alreadv  eetaUuhed  for 
tlie  promotion  m  it,  farther  re- 
commend : — 

E.  That  all  persons  1^0  present 
themselves  far  examination  at 
the  theological  examinadan,  esta- 
blished by  gnce  of  the  Senate, 
May  II,  1842,  be  required  to  pro- 
dace  a  oerdficate  of  having  attend- 
ed the  lectures  delivered  durii^  one 
tenn,  at  least,  by  two  of  the  three 
Theological  Professors,  via.,  the 
Begios  Professor  of  Divinity,  the 
Margaret  Professor  of  Divini^.and 
the  Norrieian  Professor  of  Dirinity, 
This  regulation  to  oome  into  opera- 
Uon  in  Michaelmas  Term,  1650. 

Separate  "graces"  were  pre- 
sented for  each  regulation,  one  in 
respect  of  each  tripos,  and  one  in 
respect  of  each  mathematical  board. 
All  tbe  recommendations  were 
adopted  intact. 

—  TbB  FsbNOB  IB  LOHDOK. 

The  streets  of  the  metropolis  hare 
been  enlivened,  and  the  wonder 
and  fear  of  the  more  ancient  por> 
tioD  of  its  inbabitaots  have  been 
excited,  by  tbe  invsaion  of  eome 
hondreds  of  the  Parisian  National 
Guard,  of  all  arms,  in  fiiU  uniform. 
Upwards  of  a  thousand  of  these 
military  citizens  came  over  by 
special  trains  and  packets  on  early 
days  in  the  week,  and  have 
been  prominent  in  Uie  throng  of 
metropditan  passengers.  Some 
four  hundred  viated  Westminster 
Abbey  in  a  body ;  ai»d  fortunately 
arriving  while  tbe  Canon  Resi- 
dentiary was  present,  they  were 
by  his  orders  admitted  "  gratis"  to 
a  sight  of  eveiy  psit  of  uie  build- 


ing. Even  the  Tower  of  London, 
that  bulwark  of  the  London  <Ati- 
zens,  was  freely  thrown  open  to 
the  invaders;  and,  as  the  vene- 
table  structoro  is  held  in  tradition- 
ary awe  by  the  French,  it  was 
eagerly  visited.  The  militaiy 
banacks  were  of  course  visited, 
and  eageiij  viewed ;  and  it  is  said 
that  the  complimentary  Nationals 
expressed  "  admiration  and  pleasure 
at  tbe  excellent  orrangementa  of 
each."  Tbe  theatres  were  crowded 
by   masses  of  the   Guards;    and 

S pleasant  fraternization  was  set  on 
oot  by  the  performance  alternately 
of  French  and  English  national 
music.  The  strangers  were  most 
cordially  welcomed  by  all  classes, 
and  their  passage  through  the 
streets  was  accompanied  by  warm 
greeting,  and,  on  the  port  of  the 
French,  the  warmest  expression  of 
pleasure  at  the  "  surprising  "  frank- 
ness and  cordiality  of  their  recep- 


NOVEMBER. 

The  Dead  Ska  and  Sea  of  Ti- 
BERUB. — Sinoe  the  visit  of  Lieu- 
tenant  Molyneox,  of  H.M.S,  Spar- 
tan, about  two  years  ago,  no 
scienlifio  aooonnt  has  been  givea 
of  these  sacred  and  myiterious  lo- 
calities, by  which  the  actual  condi- 
tion of  the  waters  and  the  i^ores 
of  the  Sea  of  Tiberias  and  the 
Dead  Sea  oould  be  ascertained, 
and  the  disputed  questions,  geo- 
graphical and  physical,  solved. 
They  have  been  once  mora  visited 
by  Captain  Lynch,  of  the  United 
States  Navy,  wlto  has  published 
some  interesting  memorials  of  his 
journey.  Tbe  Expedition  con- 
sisted of  16  persons,  and  carried 
with  it  two  beats  of  metal:  after 


144             ANNUAL  REGISTER.        [1848 

ft  moBt  arduous  jonni^  from  St.  as  when  ve  left  New  Tork,  and  all 

Jean  d'Acre,  the  boats  floated  on  the  crew  in  good  health." 

the  Sea  of  Tiberias  on  the  6th  of  The  following  facte  are  not  with- 

April.  out  interest:— 

"  We  found  the  navigation  of  "  The  bottom  of  the  northern 

the  Jordan  verj  difficult  and  dan-  part  of  the  Dead  Sea  is  almost  flat 

gerouB  on  account  of  the  fearfully  (a  plain). 

rapid  ourrenta.    The  idea  of  the  "  The  meridional  lines  at  a  ehort 

fall  of  the  Jordan  between  the  Lake  distance  from  the  shore  varr  but 

Tiberias  and  the  Dead  Sea  may  be  little  in  depth ;  the  greatest  depth 

conceived byilscrooked bed, which,  found  up  to  the  date  of  this  letter 

in  a  distance  of  60  miles,  serpen-  (May  3rd)  was  188  fathoms,  or  1 128 

tines  200  miles.    In  this  distance  English  feet, 

the  expedition  ms  plunged  into  no  "  In  the  same  proportion  that 

less  than  27  dreadful  r^ids.  not  the  north  part  of  the  Dead  Sea  is 

counting  aevei>l  others  of  a  less  deep,  so  is  the  southern  part  shol- 

remark^le  decliTity .      The  dif-  low,  to  the  extent  that  for  a  quarter 

ference  in  the  level  of  these  two  of  its  length  the  depth  was  found 

seas  is  2000  feet.  to  be  but  1 8  feet.  Its  southern  bed 

"  For  a  few  hundred  yards  from  presented  no  crystallizations,  but 

its  mouth,  the  water  of  the  Jordan  its  shores  are  covered  with  inans- 

is  sweet.    The  waters  of  the  Dead  tations  of  salt,  and  on  landing  the 

Sea  are  without  smell,  but  to  the  footmarks  in  an  hour's  time  were 

taste,  they  are  bitt«r,  salt,  and  dia-  covered  with  crystalliza^ns. 

gusting.  "The  shores    in  face    of   the 

"  On  entering,    the   boats    en-  peninsula,  and   its  western  side, 

countered  a  gale  of  wind,  and  so  present  evident  marks  of  destruc- 

thick  were  Uie  waters  Uiat  the  tion. 

boats  appeared  to  strike  against  "  Birds  and  insects  are,  without 

the  hammers  of  the  Titans  rather  doubt,  to  be  found  on  the  shore  ; 

than  the  waves  of  a  raging  sea."  sometimes  ducks  on  the  sea,  for 

The    expedition    continued   its  we  saw  some,  but  we  could  find  no 

daily    operations,     making    topo-  living  object  in  this  sea.  However, 

graphical  sketches,  until  its  arrival  the  salt  sources  it  receives  con- 

at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  tain  fish  belonging  to  the  ocean.  I 

sea,  where  a  very  astonishing  spec-  feel  certain  (says  Captain  Lynch) 

tacle  awaited  it.  that  the  result  of  our  expeoition 

"  On  passing  the  mountain  of  will  confirm  to  the  very  letter  the 
Sodom  (says  Captain  Lynch),  we  history  of  Uie  Holy  Land,  as  re- 
observed  to  the  S.£. a  large  column,  gards  the  sunken  cities, 
in  the  shape  of  a  funnel,  composed  "  The  bottom  of  the  Dead  Sea 
of  solid  rock  salt,  and  covered  by  forms  two  sunken  plains — one  elo- 
oarbonate  of  calcium,  a  mine  of  vated,  the  other  depressed.  The 
cry  stall  izadotL  Ur.  Dale  made  a  first  part,  south,  is  composed  of 
sketch  of  it,  and  the  doctor  and  I  clay  or  fat  mud,  covered  by  an  ar- 
landed  to  obtain  specimens.  tificial  bay;  the  latter,  the  njipw 

"  The  expedition  made  the  tour  part  and  more  north,  of  mud,  in- 

of  the  Dead  Sea,  and  returned  to  crustations,   and  rectangular  salt 

the  point  of  its  deperttu^ ;    the  crystallizations,    extending    to    a 

boats  were  in  the  same  condition  great  depth,  and  with  a  narrow 


NOV.]                   CHRONICLE.  145 

MTine  defiling  in  the  midst  of  it,  for  lighting  a  flre  to  diy  the  paper 

corresponding  with  the  Jordan  at  on  the  Trails.     The  paper  in  that 

one  extremitj',  and  Wad;  Seib  at  room  nas  peeling  off.    According 

the  other.  to  his  lordship's  Erections  the  bra- 

5.  McRDKR  IN  Irelahd.— While  zier  \tas  placed  in  the  room.  The 
Miyor  Phibbs,  Staff-officer  of  Pen-  room  was  a  very  small  one,  and 
sioners,  and  Sergeant  Grant,  were  approached  b;  a  narrow  staircase, 
proceeding  on  a  car  from  Parsons-  On  reaching  that  room  witness 
town  to  Rmcrea,  they  were  attacked  found  the  door  closed,  bat  not 
bj  an  armed  party  of  aix  men,  who  locked.  A  wax-candle  which  had 
demanded  the  cash-box,  containing  been  in  the  candlestick  was  quite 
the  monthly  pay  of  the  out-pen-  burnt  out,  and  on  looking  round 
sionera.  Sergeant  Grant  hesitating  the  room  he  found  his  lordship 
to  deliver  it,  he  was  at  once  shot  dressed  and  lying  on  the  floor, 
through  the  heart,  and  the  booty  The  brazier  was  standing  in  the 
was  carried  off  by  force.  A  strong  middle  of  the  room.  He  examined 
par^  of  military  and  police  were  the  bod;,  and  found  it  stiff  and 
immediately  despatched  to  scour  cold. 

the  country  in  pursuit.  Mr.  C.  A.  Parsons,  of  Godal- 

6.  Inquest  on  Viscomrr  Midls-  ming,  surgeon,  said  that  on  Wed- 
TON.-~An  inquest  was  held  at  the  nesdsy  morning  last  he  was  called 
mansion  of  Pepper-Harrow,  near  upon  to  attend  deceased.  On  his 
Godalming,  on  tne  body  of  the  late  arrival,  at  half-past  ten  o'clock,  he 
noble  owner.  Viscount  Midleton,  found  him  dead  and  extended  on 
who  destroyed  himself  under  the  the  floor,  with  his  head  resting  on 
circnmstonces  detailed  in  the  evi-  a  pillow,  which  wa&  placed  on  a 
dence.  wooden  step.      On  entering  the 

Geoi^  Caesar,  who  said  that  he  room   he   experienced   a   strong 

had  been  in  the  service  of  Viscount  smell  of  charcoal,  so  strong  that 

Midleton  for  a  period  of  10  years,  witness  could  not  have  stopped  in 

said  he  eaw  his  lordship  last  alive  the  place  had  the  door  been  closed. 

on  Tuesday  evening  the  3lBt  ult  There  was  an  iron  brazier  in  the 

He  woa  then  in  tm  bedroom,  and  room,  with  a  quantity  of  charcoal 

it  was  abont  SO  minutes  past  11  in  it  Witness  did  not  think  there 

o'clock.    Whilst  there  witness  saw  was  any  necessity  for  a  poit  mortem 

him  take  a  wine-glass  and  pour  examination,  as  the  cause  of  death 

something  into  it,  which  he  drank,  appearod  so  concluaive. 

He  conld  not  tell  whether  it  woa  Several    gentlemen,   who    had 

brandy  or  wine.    Ou  the  following  been  in  firequent  intercourse  with 

morning(Wednesday)  witness  went  his  lordship,  and  some   servants, 
into   his   lordship's   bedroom    at  .  were  then  called,  who  deposed  to 

about  a  quarter  past  eight  o'clock  the  deceased  having  been  of  late 

with  the  letter-bag,  but  not  find-  in  a  state  of  great  depression  of 

ing  him  there,  he  went  in  search  spirits. 

of  him.    After  looking  in  several  The  Rev.  Lawrence  W.  Elliott, 

rooms  he  remembered  that    his  ofPepper-Harrow,saidthathehftd 

lordship  had  told  him  a  few  days  known   the    deceased    for   man; 

previous  to   take  a  brazier  into  years.    In  July  184T,  Lord  Midle- 

another  room,  and  prepare  some  ton  communicated  lo  him  the  in- 

charcoal,  which  he  staled  he  wanted  telligence  of  her  ladyship  bavi'' 

Voi-XC.  L 


146 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


)afk  him,  and  irdded  tint  k  ma  all 
hii  offn  fkult.  He  wu  than  in 
saoh  ft  distresasd  sUte  of  mind 
that  witneu  did  not  like  to  Isare 
him  hy  MmHif.  Two  or  three 
days  ^terwords,  liord  Midiston 
told  witaaaa  thftt  ha  waa  in  auoh  a 
dlatnwed  autc  that  he  had  hardly 
been  able  to  keep  from  laying 
ttolent  hands  on  himtelf.  Mr. 
Elliott  eould  not  atuibute  his  atate 
tif  mind  to  anything  else  than  the 
aep«wation  between  himself  and 
Xiild;  Midleton,  About  the  middle 
of  March  1848,  whilet  couTeraing 
Kith  witneu,  he  said,  "Oh,  mr 
life  is  a  hell  on  earth  ("  and  added, 
that  he  had  had  such  a  night,  that 
he  would  not  have  another  like  it 
fi)r  all  the  world  ;  and  he  ooncluded 
by  Baying  that  he  had  been  on  his 
knees  all  the  night.  He  was  ex- 
tremely yiolent  in  his  language, 
and  aeemed  to  suspect  his  beet 
friends  of  wwnting  Lady  Midlcton 
to  set  him  at  d^anee.  He  often 
•aid  he  hoped  he  should  bo  seized 
with  a  fit  of  apoplexy  aud  die. 
During  the  last  two  montha,  he 
had  apoken  of  how  he  had  disposed 
of  his  pri^rty,  and  what  would  ba 
the  result  after  his  death. 

-The  jury  found  the  followii^ 
verdict — 

"That  the  Right  Honourable 
Qeorge  Alan,  Viscount  Midleton, 
in  a  certain  room  in  Poppor-Har- 
tow  mBrasion,  in  the  parish  of 
Pepper-Hanow,  within  the  couuty 
of  Surrey,  did,  on  Wednesday,  the 
lat  November,  1648,  destroy  hia 
ewn  life,  he  being  at  the  time  in  a 
Stata  of  tMoporary  insanity." 

7.  STR4HOE  Accusation. -—The 
Baioneea  St.  Mart,  a  fiishionably 
attired  lady,  who  was  aooooqiattied 
by  her  husband  and  bar  mother, 
the  Coontesa  Grabouski,  was 
brought  before  the  aitdng  magis- 
trate at  Marylebone,  ohat^ed,  im- 


der  the  following  otliaordinaiT 
otronmatauoes,  with  haviDg  atolan 
two  valuable  diamoud  ringa,  the 
property  of  Sir  J.  Hare,  of  ttfl, 
Boyal  Gresoent,  Bath. 

The  prosooutor  said — In  April, 
1647,  the  Banmesa,  who  was  then 
Miss  Todbunter,  was  on  a  visit  to 
me  at  my  reeidanoe  in  Bath,  as 
WM  the  Baron,  to  whom  she  was 
about  to  ba  muried,  and  also  the 
Ooantesa,  her  moAer.  On  the 
aeth  of  that  month  I  bad  written 
some  letters,  and  was  going  to  a 
party  in  the  evening,  at  whioh  I 
was  to  iotroduoe  the  Baron.  Prior 
\o  my  leaving  home  I  opened  a 
portable  desk,  from  which  I  took 
out  a  ring  and  put  it  on  my  finger; 
the  prisoner,  the  Banineaa,  asked 
me  to  let  her  look  at  it,  and  I  gave 
it  into  her  hands.  From  a  small 
casket  I  took  another  ring,  whioh 
she  also  asked  lo  look  at.  I  gave 
it  to  her,  and  she  put  it  on  her 
finger,  as  she  did  the  firat.  After 
a  few  minutes  I  said  to  her,  "Give 
me  thoae  again;"  and  she  said, 
"No,  I  shall  keep  them."  I 
pressed  her  very  much  to  return 
them,  but  I  could  not  get  them 
from  bar;  and  being  anxious  to 
save  the  post  I  quitted  home  with 
my  letters,  the  Baron  walking  with 
me  to  the  poet-office.  This  was 
en  the  Tuesday,  and  on  the  next 
Thursday  the  Baroness,  the  Baron, 
and  the  Countess  left,  and  I  had 
forgotten  all  about  the  rings  till 
they  were  gone.  On  tbe  next  day 
(Friday)  I  came  up  to  London  to 
recover,  if  possible,  the  articles 
which  I  had  missed,  and  repaired 
to  their  residence  in  Thayer  Street, 
Muicheater  Square,  having  been 
invited  to  be  present  at  the  wed- 
ding of  the  BaroD^B  and  Baron, 
which  waa  to  take  place  on  tho 
Saturday.  The  Counteas  pressed 
me  eagerly  to  Stay  dinner,  and,  aa 


NOV.] 


CHRONICLE. 


U1 


Boen  u  an  opporttmity  ^aa  nficvded 
me,  I  Bpoke  to  the  Baroneaa  as  she 
was  goiug  up-BtuTG.  baTing  called 
harasideiTortliepurpou,  and  asked 
her  for  tha  mgs ;  alia  mada  no 
iriiBenation,  but  went  up.  In  tlie 
isouras  of  five  BiinuleB  ahe  oame 
dowa  and  said,  "What  were  you 
saying  tome  JQHt  non?"  To  which 
I  remarked,  that  I  had  aakad  her 
to  bring  me  the  rings.  Bhe  affirmed 
that  Bue  knew  nothing  whatever 
respecting  them.  Some  altt^c*- 
tion  enaufld,  and  the  Ooiiuteaa  also 
denied  that  her  daughter  the 
Baroneai  bad  tha  rings  in  queation. 
Mr.  fironghtoa. — Have  you  aeen 
the  ringa  ainoe  ? 
Sir  J.  Hare.— I  have  not,  Sir- 
Mr.  BrongbtoQ. — What  do  you 
oonaider  to  be  the  value  of  them  ? 
Sir  J.  Hare.— I  sbonld  aay  at 
laaat  40  gumaas. 

Eliia  Russell,  thiongh  whose 
information  the  Barooesa  waa  ulti^ 
mately  apprehended,  add, — I  lived 
in  the  service  of  the  Counteaa 
three  years,  and  loft  laat  Satunlay 
Week. 

Mr.  Brongbton. — Have  you  at 
any  time  been  employed  by  the 
Baroness  to  dispoie  of  rings  ? 

Witneia.— Yea,  Sir.  Laat  May 
twelvemontha  ahe  ^ve  me  two 
rings,  which  ahe  deaired  me  to 

eedge  for  lUI.,  at  Mr.  Boyce's, 
isBon  Grove,  North.  I  obtained 
that  amount  upon  them,  and  gave 
the  money  iati>  the  Baroness's  own 
hands.  Immediately  she  reoeived 
the  tioketa  firom  me  she  tore  them 
up. 

The  Baroneas.'—Now,  tell  me, 
what  did  you  leave  my  mother's, 
the  Countess's,  aarvice  for? 

Witness.— You  thought  I  had 
opened  your  jewel-box  and  bad 
made  free  with  its  oontenta ;  but  I 
was  quite  innoceut  of  auything  of 
the  eort. 


The  BaroaesB,  tMng  a^sd  if 
ahe  had  any  atatement  to  make, 
replied,— I  have  been  In  the  habit 
of  meeting  Bir  J.  Hare,  and  he  has 
been  a  veiy  kind  and  good  friend ; 
while  lodging  in  t£e  Champa 
£lys£es,  at  Pads,  ^tb  mymotber, 
we  had  the  use  of  bis  carriage,  and 
having  Isonied  thai  I  waa  about  to 
be  united  to  tks  Baron  on  our  re- 
turn to  London,  he  said  be  should 
act  as  papa  at  the  wedding,  and 
invited  us  down  to  Bath.  We  went 
thither,  and  althongh  he  knew  I 
waa  engaged  to  the  Baron  be  made 
me  an  offer  of  marriage  himself,  at 
the  same  time  telling  me  that  he 
diould  make  a  much  richer  hus- 
band for  me  tlian  the  one  I  had 
fixed  on.  On  the  Wednesday  or 
Thursday  he  speaks  of.  we  were  all 
in  the  parlour,  when  Sir  John  took 
»  ring  from  a  box,  saying,  "This 
is  a  beautiful  ring,"  and  he  put  it 
on  my  fingeff  |  be  alio  put  upon  it 
another,  saying,  "  This  oelonged  to 
my  dear  departed  angel."  I  gave 
them  to  my  motbar  to  look  at, 
having  done  which  she  gave  them 
back  to  me,  and  I  gave  them  to  the 
Baton,  who  retimed  them  both  to 
Sir  J.  Hare. 

Mr.  BroughtoH.  ■—  You  have 
heard  what  tha  pawnbroker  has 
Stated— what  do  you  say  to  that? 

frisoner.— If  he  has  had  the 
rings,  it  was  not  tbi«ug^  ma,  Bir. 

Mr.  BroughcoD  (to  Bir  J,  Hare). 
-^Now,  Sir  John,  I  need  searcely 
remind  you  that  you  ore  npen  your 
oath ;  did  you  ever  make  an  olfer 
td  marriage  to  thia  lady,  the  Bare- 
neas? 

Sir  J.  Hare.— Neref:  I  can 
swear  it. 

Mr.  Broughton.— Did  yon  see 
the  rings  passed  to  the  Oountess  ? 

Sir  J.  Hare. — I  did  not.  The 
BaraiMss  lettuned  possession  of 
Uiam  herself. 

L  2 


14S 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[1848 


Mr.  Broagfaton, — It's  rather  a 
curious  circumstance  that  70a 
should  not  have  demanded  the 
ringa  back  before  Uie  party  left 
yoai  house. 

Sir  J.  Hare. — It  does  seem 
rather  strange,  bat  it  happened  to 
escape  my  recollection. 

Ur.  BnHi^ton(totiiepriflODer). 
— Sir  John  swears  that  tliere  is  no 
truth  as  to  his  having  mode  jan  an 
offer. 

Prisoner.— He  really  did,  Sir; 
what  I  have  stated  is  the  fact. 

The  accused  was  remanded,  be- 
ing admitted  to  bail. 

The  Countess,  on  learing  the 
Court,  addressed  the  prosecutor, 
eayiDg,  "  Sir  John,  with  your  grey 
hurs,  such  revenge  is  unworthy  of 
you," 

Upon  a  re^examination  other 
evidence  was  adduced,  but  without 
adding  anything  to  the  proof.  On 
the  tnal  there  was  very  good  rea- 
son to  believe  that  there  was  no 
truth  in  the  evidence  of  the  wit- 
ness Russell,  and  that  the  accuse' 
tion  arose  from  an  erroneous  im- 
pression on  the  part  of  the  prose- 
cutor. The  Saronees  was  there- 
fore at  once  acquitted. 

FlBACY     IK     THE      MeDITKIIBA- 

MEAN. — ^A  daring  instance  of  piracy 
has  occurred  in  the  Mediterranean, 
which  however  vras  promptly  chas- 
tised by  one  of  our  war-steamers. 
The  English  brig  Throe  Sut«n, 
Gommauded  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Foster, 
which  arrived  at  Gibraltar  on  die 
S4th  of  October  from  Glasgow, 
cleared  on  the  30th  with  a  cargo 
of  gunpowder  and  bale  goods  for 
Malta.  The  vessel  was  becalmed 
about  12  miles  off  Cape  Tres  For- 
cas,  coast  of  Morocco;  and  while 
in  that  helpless  condition,  it  was 
attacked  by  six  piratical  boats 
filled  with  Moors.  The  master 
found  that  be  had  no  hope  of  de- 


fending the  ship ;  so  he  ordered 
his  crew  into  the  ship's  boat,  and 
boldly  put  out  to  opeu  sea :  he  was 
picked  up  next  day  by  the  English 
brig  Datm,  which  landed  him  and 
his  men  at  Gibraltar  an  tbe  7th. 
The  Governor,  Sir  Bobert  Wilson, 
immediately  despatched  Obtain 
M'Cleverty  in  the  PolypJwniiM  war- 
steamer  in  search  of  the  vessel 
and  to  recapture  her.  Captain 
M'Clever^  found  her  where  she 
had  been  nrst  attacked,  in  the  pos- 
session of  about  BOO  Moors,  who 
were  well  armed,  and  had  mounted 
a  long  gun  on  their  prize.  The 
Moors  were  attacked  by  a  cutting- 
out  expedition,  which  advanced 
under  cover  of  the  guns  of  the 
Po^/phtnau;  but  they  were  not 
driven  from  the  ship  till  after  a 
severe  fight,  in  which  Lieutenant 
Wasej  and  several  men  were 
wounded,  some  very  severely.  It 
was  found  that  tbe  master's  cabin 
and  all  the  after  part  of  the  Thrte 
Sitten  bad  been  plundered;  and 
that  one  tier  of  the  bale  cargo,  a 
large  part  of  the  gunpowder,  and 
all  the  sail-rigging,  had  been  car* ' 
ried  off.  The  recaptured  ship  was 
towed  into  Gibraltar. 

The  Moorish  inhabitants  of  the 
coast  of  the  province  of  Rif  are  no- 
torious pirates,  and  are  supposed 
to  have  destroyed  many  merchant 
vessels  which  have  not  been  heard 
of  after  approaching  that  coast 

10.  SmciDE  ov  i.  Cleeovmam 
AT  NoTTiNOHAM. — A  melancholy 
suicide  has  been  committed  at  Not- 
tingham, which  caused  great  sor- 
row in  that  neighbourhood.  Dnriog 
the  last  two  years  the  Rev.  W. 
Brown,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
has  been  officiating  as  curate  at 
SneiotOE,  a  large  parish  adjoining 
tbe  town  of  Nottmgham.  Shortly 
before  Easter  last  the  Bev.  E. 
Bull,  of  Pentlow,  in  Essex,  came 


NOV.]                   CHRONICLR  140 

with  his  &niily  to  Nottingham  on  been  a  servant  in  the  family  37 
escfaangeof  duty  vithanouiercler-  yeara,  waa  the  only  person  con- 
^man  of  the  town.  The  Rev.  E.  nected  with  the  establishment  who 
Bullbaaadaughter,  about  17  years  vas  left  in  the  honse.  On  ro- 
of ago,  who  is  a  ward  in  chancery,  turning  from  church,  Dr.  Moore, 
and  on  attaining  her  m^ority  wUl  his  sister,  and  the  servants  nere 
become  possessed  of  considenble  unable  to  obtain  admission ;  and 
property.  This  young  lady  having  on  the  footman  entering  through  a 
become  the  object  of  Mr.  Bronn's  window,  aod  opening  the  front 
affectione,  he  made  his  attachment  door,  the  house  was  found  to  have 
known  to  her  father,  hoping  to  be  been  ransacked ;  property,  consiBt- 
accepted  as  her  suitor.  The  rev.  ii^  of  jewellery,  watches,  &c.,  of 
gentreman,  however,  in  very  con-  the  value  of  1601.,  was  missed; 
siderate  terms,  dechned  his  offer,  and  the  cook  was  found  in  a  passage 
at  all  events  for  the  present,  on  weltering  in  her  blood,  her  BhuU 
accoimtttf  the  youth  of  his  daughter,  having  been  driven  in  by  repeated 
and  strongly,  yet  in  a  kind  spirit,  blows  of  a  spade  standing  near, 
advised  him  to  think  no  more  Life  .waa  not  quite  extinct,  and  the 
about  the  matter.  Daring  the  unfortunate  woman  lingered  till 
afternoon  the  deceased  was  seen  to  Tuesday,  when  she  died, 
vralk  in  the  streets  in  Nottingham  Inquiries  were  immediately  in- 
in  a  very  hurried  and  excited  man-  stituted  by  the  police  for  the  dia- 
uer,  and  on  visiting  two  or  three  coveirof  the  murderer,  but  nothing 
shops  his  altered  manner  excited  a  was  found  to  point  out  Uie  perpe- 
considerable  degree  of  attention,  trator:  after  the  lapse  of  some 
At  four  o'clock  he  went  to  the  days  it  was  ascertained  that  a  man 
castle,  and  having  obtained  ad-  named  Fierson,  who  had  formerly 
mission  at  the  lodge,  walked  to  the  been  coachman  in  the  family  had, 
ruins,  and  entering  a  compartment  at  about  lialf-[«st  12  o'clock  on  the 
at  the  south-west  comer,  drew  a  morning  of  the  murder,  called  at  a 
pistol  from  his  pocket,  and  holding  puhhc-houae,  known  as  the  Victoria, 
It  in  his  left  hand,  shot  himself  in  at  Holliogton,  about  two  miles  oSi 
the  forehead,  the  chaise  taking  on  the  road  to  Battle  Abbey.  He 
away  the  whole  of  the  orbit  of  the  here  asked  for  a  drink  of  vrater, 
left  side,  and  pressing  the  eye  stating  that  he  was  "hard  up." 
down  inside  the  cheek.  This  was  given  to   him,  and   he 

13.  MuRDEK  AND  RoBBEBT  AT  then  went  towards  Bastings,  and 

St.  Leonard's. — A  very  terrible  asked  for  more  water  at  the  turn 

mnrder   was    committed    at    St.  T^ko-gate,  aquarterof  a  mile  nearer 

Leonard's,    Hastings,   at    the  re-  Hastings.     This  led  to  a  minute 

sidence  of  Miss  M.  A.  C.  Moore,  search  m  the  neighbourhood,  and 

Catharine  Villa.  some  foot-tracks  were  discovered 

Miss  Moore,    Dr.  Moore,   hez  exactly    corresponding    with     his 

brother,  and  all  the  servants,  ex-  shoes.     One  of  his  shoes  had  od 

ceptthe  cook,  left  the  villa  in  their  the  toe  an  iron  "  tip,"  broken  in  a 

carriage,  as  was  ustial,  for  the  pur-  peculiar  manner,  and  a  correspond- 

pose  of  attending  Divine  service  at  ing  peculiarity  was  found  in  the 

Hastings.  foot-tracks.  Pursuing  these  tracks. 

The  cook,  Mary  Ann  Newman,  the  searchers  came  to  the  leaves  of 

who  was  50  yean  of  age,  and  hod  a  "  shew,"  a  provincial  expression 


160            ANNUAL   REGISTER.  [1848 

clenotiag  anarMwalip  of  (toppioe  >ndtfaeproof8«erocMefl7speefili6l 

nintiing  like  a  Iwdge-iWw  from  tha  reiy  Bimilsr  to  those  delivered  io 

Mad  between  two  fieldB,  aboat  40  Loudon  by  tbe  English  Cbartista. 

yardi   from    the   Victoria  publlO'  Eiculpatoiy  evidence  was  given 

hoaee.  Here  the  tracha  were  lost ;  with  the  object  of  throwing  therea} 

bnt  in  (hie  shaw,  on  Friday  mom-'  criminal  burden  on  one  M'Saj,  R 

log,    James    Aabdown,    a    ftan  flenw  ph^ical-force    man,  whoes 

labourer,  obaerved  an  aeh"  teller,"  notions  and  plans  were  opposed 

from  which  the  bark  had    been  by  the  prisoners  and  the  regular 

gnawed  by  teeth  in  a  place  Dearly  Obsrtists.    The  speedies  of  th« 

as  large  aa  the  palm  of  the  hand }  defending  counsel  were  direoted  t<i 

and,  conjecturing  that  the  mark  the  double  point  of  insisring  on  the 

had  been  made  as  a  guide  to  ih^  force  of  this  exculpatory  evidence, 

place  where  plunder  had  been  de-  and    of    palliating    the   speechea 

posited,  he  pulled  away  the  leaves  which  the  prisoriers  had  actually 

and  rubbish,  and  discovei^  JnsI  madsi  t)ie  liinguage  tiiey  bad  used 

beneath  the  surfeoe  the  whole  o/  was   rhetorically  extravagant  and 

the  property  known  to  have  been  Inflated,   but  it  inculcated  conati- 

stolen,   (uid   likewise   vflrioua  ar-  tutional  principles,  and  was  nob 

ticles,  the  property  of  Miss  Moore,  more  violent  than  tlio  speeches  of 

but  which  had  not  been  missed.  Mr.    Aytoun    and   othera    in   tiia 

The  whole  of  this  property  was  King's  Park,  during  the  Befonn 

tied  in  a  handkerchief,  which  wad  Bill  agitation, 

identified  as  the  pnpetly  of  the  The  jury  returned  as  verdfctt — 

prisoner.  •'  The  Jury  unanimously  find  th« 

Hereon  was  immediately  appr»-  charge  of  conspiracy  against  the 

bended.     He  was  tried   at   ths  three    panels     as    libelled    not 

■pring  Bssiees  and  aoqultted.  proven. 

18.  Thu  800TOH  CiTARTtsTB. —  "The  Jury   also   unanimously 

The  trials  of  the  Scotch  Chartists  find  John  Orant  ■  Not  Guilty '  of 

for  conspiracy  and  sedition  werd  sedition  as  libelled, 

commenced  in  the  High  Court  of  "The  Jury  further  unanimously 

Joflticiary,  at  Edinburgh,  after  pro-  find  Robert  Hamilton  '  Guilty '  of 

traoted  teohnioal  contests.    Granti  sedition,  in  so  far  as  that  be  used 

Ranken,     and     Hamilton,     were  language  calculated  to  excite  popn- 

charged   with   sedition    and    oon-  lar  disaffection  and  resistance  to 

epiracy,  in  that,   on  the    iiStb  of  lawful  authority. 

April,  they  "  wickedly,  feloniously,  "  And  by  a  mtyority  of  one,  find 

and     seditiously,     resolved     and  Henry  Ranken  '  Guilty '  of  using 

agreed  to  ibrm  a  body  to  be  called  similar  language." 

a  National  Guard,  and  to  be  pro-  The  substitution  of  the  word 

vided  WiA  artns,  to  be  used  for  the  "calculated  "for  "Intended"  gave 

illegal  aiid  seditious  purpose   of  rise  to  subsequent  proceedings, 

effecting  by  force  and  violence,  of  14.  Wreck  of  Two  Ehiokaht 

by  armed  resistance  to  lawful  au-  Ships.  — Two    deplomble     ship- 

thority,  alterations  of  the  laws  and  wrecks,    of     German     emigrant 

oonstitution  of  the   realm ;    and  vessels,  witfa   between    600   and 

with  having  become  members  of  400    passengers    on    boani,    oc- 

the  said  body."   The  evidence  wae  eurred  during  the  night  on  the 

that  of  polioemen  and  reporters ;  Long  and  Goodwin  Sands.     The 


NOV.]  CHRONICLE.  161 

unfortunate    vessels    were    both  bad  already  been  lost — the  master, 

from  Bremen.      The  ship    Btir-  two   pasaengere,  and  a  boj,  frho 

gwtdy,    000    tons    bnrden,    with  were    snept   Overboard,   and   not 

300  emicrsnte,  for  New  Orleuis ;  seen  afterwards.    With  great  diffl- 

and  the  bark  Atiantie,  bound  for  cuMj  the  Deal  boatmen  ancceoded 

New  York,  also  with  passengers  in  saving  the  crew  and  some  of  the 

(the  number  not  exactly  known),  passengers,  whde   the   remainder 

The.  weather    was    exceedingly  of  the  latter  were  taken  off  by 

boisteroas,     the     wind    blowing  oeTeral  Ramsgate  vessels,  and  con- 

N.N.W.,  the  evening  setting  in  reyed  to  that  port  and  those  ad- 

with   a   hazy   atmosphere.     Be-  jacent. 

tween  10  and  11  o'clock  last  nleht  IS.  DEBtnttann:  Fntz  at 
the  report  of  signal-guns  of  dis-  MANCHBncB. — Between  the  hours 
tress  was  beard  In  the  direction  of  of  10  and  13  o'clock,  p.it.,  the 
the  Long  Sand.  Several  smacks,  whole  of  the  immense  pile  of 
and  Her  Ui^jesty's  revenue  cutter  buildings  known  by  the  name  of 
Deimond,  bore  down  in  the  di-  the  Oaythom  Cotton  Works,  the 
rection.  On  nearing  the  centre  property  of  Mr.  James  Femley, 
bank  of  the  sands  in  question  a  and  situate  in  Albion-street,  Man- 
large  vessel  was  discovered  com-  Chester,  were  destroyed  by  fire, 
pletely  on  the  shoal,  almost  in-  The  fire  originated  in  No.  9  card 
gulfed  in  heavy  breakers.  She  room,  situated  in  the  centre  of  the 
proved  to  be  the  Burgundy,  hav-  pile,  owing  to  which  there  were  no 
ing,  it  was  reported,  been  carried  means  of  saving  it.  Upwards  of 
on  by  the  rapidity  of  the  currents  800  hands  will  be  thrown  oat  of 
about  10  o'clock.  It  was  imprac-  employ.  Mr.  Rose,  the  super- 
ticable  to  get  her  olf,  and  her  intendent  of  the  Manchester  fire- 
destnictlon  seemed  inevitable,  brigade,  was  immediately  on  the 
The  crews  of  the  surrounding  spot  with  13  engines  and  a  large 
vessels,  on  ascertaining  the  great  lK>dy  of  men ;  but,  in  consequence 
numberof  human  beings  on  board,  of  the  raddity  of  the  flames,  no 
lost  no  time  in  arranging  a  plan  efforte  could  stay  its  progress.  The 
for  their  rescue,  which  was  provi-  loss  is  variously  reported  at  from 
dentially  successful,  for  the  whole  80,0001  to  BO.OOOi.  The  property 
of  the  poor  creatures,  numbering  was  insured  for  about  S3, 000^ 
between  BOO  and  300,  including  17.  Bhdckino  OocnnnsHCE. — 
the  crew,  were  safely  taken  off  the  Early  this  morning  the  driver  of  a 
wreck.  They  were  landed  on  va-  luggage-train  on  the  Richmond 
rious  points  of  the  coast  in  a  desti-  Railway,  while  crossing  Barnes 
tute  condition.  The  wreck  of  the  Common,  saw  what  appeared  to 
Atlantic  was  discovered  in  the  be  the  stnfiisd  figure  of  a  man 
morning  on  the  Ooodwin.  She  reclining  agtdnst  ue  wooden  ftne- 
had  got  on  the  outside  of  the  ing  of  the  line.  The  train  was 
sandB,andwa3  fast  settling  down,  stopped,  and  the  people  approached 
when  several  Ramsgate  and  Deal  the  object.  They  were  horror- 
luggers  came  to  her  succour.  Al-  struck  at  finding  a  human  being, 
though  the  weather  was  fine,  a  surrounded  by  a  pool  of  blood, 
tremendous  sea  raged  on  the  and  not  only  dead,  but  portly 
sands,  sweeping  over  the  ill-&ted  ttozea:  the  blood  was  easilytraced 
vessel  every  instant.     Foar  lives  ioadlrect  line  tntbeup-ndt  vbue 


152             ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

it  wag  evident  the  accident  had  the  machiueiy  that  it  waa  impos- 
happened;  bnt  that  the  uufortu-  sible  to  extricate  him  \rith  life, 
nitte  victim  should,  after  its  occur-  and  the  euard  and  several  pos- 
rence.  have  crawled  to  the  spot  he  sengera  of  the  express  train  re- 
was  found  in,  would  have  been  ceived  very  eevere  contusions, 
considered  impossible,  bad  it  not  —  Typhoon  in  tbe  Chineeb 
been  that  the  grass  and  weeds  Seab.  —  The  nnderwriters  at 
which  he  had  convulsively  grasped  Lloyds'  have  received  accounts 
and  torn  up,  in  bis  struggle  to  get  of  a  fearful  typhoon  which  visited 
removed  out  of  danger,  fully  con-  the  coasts  of  China  on  the  31st 
finned  that  fact.  His  left  foot  August,  committing  terrible  ra- 
had  been  all  but  severed,  a  tendon  vages  among  the  shipping,  with 
only  uniting  it  to  the  leg ;  and  the  great  destruction  of  mercantile 
sufferer,  woo  was  found  mth  an  property,  and  loss  of  life,  both 
open  pocket-knife  firmly  grasped  native  and  European, 
in  his  right  hand,  hod  cut  away  In  Hongkong,  early  in  the  fore- 
his  leather  gaiter,  prior,  as  is  sup-  noon,  the  fail  in  the  barometer 
posed,  to  his  intended  entire  sever-  attracted  attention,  and  the  as- 
ance  of  the  limb,  when  he  sank  sistant  harbo^^maBte^  went  round 
from  exhaustion,  and  literally  died  the  shipping  and  warned  them  of 
from  loss  of  blood.  The  deceased  what  might  be  expected.  But  little 
was  John  Sharp,  a  hawker.  He  fear  seems  to  have  been  entertained 
had  left  Richmond  the  preceding  till  the  approach  of  evenit^,  when 
evening  in  an  up-train,  had  pro-  the  signal,  "  The  barometer  indi- 
hably  fallen  adeep,  and,  not  cates  bad  weather,"  was  seen  flying 
waking  at  the  Barnes  station,  at  the  flagstaff  in  front  of  Fedder'e 
where  he  ought  to  have  got  out.  Hill. 

had  attempted  to  alight  while  the  From  this  time  the  niod  gia- 
train  waa  in  motion.  dually  increased  till  half-past  two, 
—  Faul  Accident  on  tiie  when  the  hurricane  was  at  its 
Datcbet  Railwat. — A  collision  height — the  barometer  being  so 
unfortunately  took  place  in  the  low  as  S8.02.  Fortunately  the 
evening  on  the  line  of  railway  China  boats  took  the  alarm  early, 
from  London  to  Datohet,  hy  which  and  made  for  the  sheltered  creeks 
one  man  lost  his  life,  and  several  ou  the  Cowloon  side;  but  even 
persona  were  severely  ii^ured.  It  there  they  seemed  to  have  suf- 
oppears  that  the  express  train  fered  severely,  as  a  number  of  salt 
which  left  the  Waterloo  Bridge  and  cargo  boats  were  driven  on 
Station  at  6.3fi  reached  the  June-  shore,  and  many  of  their  crews 
tion  at  Richmond  at  6.5.  A  green  drowned.  A  few  lai^e  junks  and 
light  having  been  sbonn  at  the  a  lorcha  remained  at  anchor  off 
approach  of  the  train,  it  was  pro-  the  Lower  Bazaar,  .all  of  which 
ceedingonitswaytoDatcbet,wlien  were  destroyed  during  the  night. 
a  ballast-engine  was  most  incau-  Of  four  w^ich  came  on  shore 
tioualy  moved  from  a  siding,  opposite  Circular  Buildings  about 
although  the  express  train  was  five  midnight,  the  cren-s,  with  the  ex- 
minutes  over  due,  and  the  result  ception  of  three  or  four  men,  were 
was  an  immediate  collision.  A  landed  in  safety. 
man  who  was  ridii^  on  the  ballast-  In  the  morning  the  colony  ex- 
engine  was  80  jammed  up  among  hibited  a  most  melancholy  appear- 


NOV.]                  CHHONICLE.  •     163 

ance.  In  the  harbour  —  several  The  Countess  de  Neuilly  (Her 
vessels  dismasted,  others  on  shore.  Majesty),  who  vas  veiy  seriously 
uid  the  whole  beach  strewed  with  indisposed,  and  obliged  to  keep  her 
wrecks  of  Chinese  junks,  in  the  bed  for  several  days  after  the  arrival 
midst  of  which  dead  bodies  were  of  the  ez-Boyal  Family  of  France 
occasionally  seen  floating,  while  on  at  the  Star  and  Garter  at  Rich- 
shore  every  house  exposed  to  the  mond,  soon  became  convalescent 
Btorm  suffered  more  or  less— tiles  The  Count  do  Neuilly,  who  was  in 
torn  from  the  roofs,  walls  levelled,  the  enjoyment  of  excellent  health, 
verandahs  blown  to  pieces,  and,  was  Scarcely  affected  by  the  dele- 
wherever  a  garden  plot  formerly  terious  nature  of  the  water.  The 
existed,  the  plants  and  bushes  leaden  and  zinc  pipes  through 
were  either  broken  short  off  or  which  the  water  was  conveyed  to 
torn  up  by  the  roots.  Cloremont  House  were  removed. 

Sixteen  European  vessels  are  and  new  ones  substituted.    The 

enumerated  as  naving  lost  their  large  reservoirs,  also,  whence  all 

masts,  been  driven  on  shore,  or  the  water  is  obtained  for  the  use  of 

otherwise    damaged.     At   Macao  the  household,  were  ordered  to  be 

the  hurricane  was  equally  severe ;  cased,  so  as  to  prevent  the  poesi- 

bat  the  damage  was  chiefly  con-  biUty  of  any  danger  for  the  luture 

fined  to  the  native  vessels,  and  arising  from  the  same  causes  which 

upwards  of  100  Chinese  junkmen  have  occasioned  so  much  alarm, 

were  drowned.     At  Capsingmoon  The  family,  suite,  and  domestics  of 

the  damage  was  even  greater ;  the  the  ex-King  and  Queen  number  no 

Isabellti  Bobertton  was  sunk,  with  less  than  thirty-eight  persons,  and 

a  cargo  valued  at  half  a  miltion  of  occupied   between  forty  and  fifty 

dollara,  with  the  greater  part  of  apartments  at  the  Star  and  Garter 

the  crew,  and  many  vessels,  with  Hotel. 

very  valuable  cargoes,  were  driven  26.   Coboker'g    Inquest. — An 

on  shore,  dismasted,  &e.    The  loss  inquest  was  held  at  the    Globe 

of  life,  chiefly  of  Chinese  boatmen.  Tavern,  London  Street,  Tottenham 

was  very  groat.     At  Canton  the  Court  Road,  on  the  body  of  Ann 

effects    of    the    hurricane    were  Pullen,  aged  14^  years,  allesed 

equally  diastrous,  the  whole  river  to  have  been  muraered   by  ner 

being  covered  with  wrecks  of  in-  mother,    Jane   Pullen,  a  widow, 

numerable  junks.  viith  whom  she  resided,  at  No.  3, 

—  The  Exiled  Botal  Family  Princes  Street,  Fitzroy  Square, 
oj  France. — The  health  of  tliese  Jane  Pullen,  the  accused,  was 
illustrious  exiles  had  become  so  brought  into  court,  and,  in  answer 
seriously  affected  during  their  resi-  to  the  coroner,  said — "  My  name  is 
dence  at  Claremont,  that  they  ab-  Jane  Pullen.  I  live  in  the  second 
ruptty  left  that  mansion  and  took  floor  back-room  of  No.  3,  Princes 
up  their  abode  at  the  Star  and  Street,  and  am  a  widow.  My 
Garter  at  Richmond.  From  the  husband  was  a  sailor.  The  de- 
symptoms  it  became  evident  that  ceased  was  my  daughter.  I  saw 
the  cause  was  some  deleterious  her  last  alive  about  balf-past  11 
matter  acting  slowly  on  the  system,  on  Friday  morning.  I  left  her  in 
such  as  would  arise  firom  the  de-  the  room,  and  lodted  her  in.  I 
composition  of  the  leaden  pipes  by  did  not  return  home  till  half-past 
water  used  by  the  establishment.  10  the  same  night.   Ibad&stened 


154             ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

her  with  a  cord  to  the  bed-post  in  is  a  rerj  serious  case,  and  then 

the  morning.     When  I  returned  must  be  an  inquest'     She  replied, 

home  I  found  the  door  still  looked.  ■  Something  must  be  done,  for  I 

On  opening  It,  all  mb3  dark  and  did  it.'     Bhe  then  said,  '  I  left 

quiet.     I  wl]eA  to  m^  daughter,  her  in  the  morning  with  direetjons 

but  slie  made  no  answer,     1  then  to  mend  some  of  her  things,  and 

nenttovherelhadfiutenedber.  I  she  had  been  kept  at  home  that 

found  her  dead,  andloutherdown."  day  for  the  purpose  from  her  work. 

Coroner  (in  terrupUng). — "Don't  I  went  out  early  in  the  morning, 

say  anything  further  about  it.     It  and  when  I  returned  at  II  o'elodi 

now  becomes  my  duly  to  iuform  she  had  done  nothing.     I  told  her 

you  that  3^u  are  to  consider  your-  she  should  have  nothing  but  dry 

self  in  custody.      You  can  make  bread,  and,  in  order  to  prevent  her 

any  statement  yon  please  after  the  sitting  down,  I  put  the  rope  round 

evidence,  but  It  will  be  taken  down  her  neck,  and  mode  it  fast  to  the 

agninst you."  bedpost   to  prevent   her   sitting 

Mr.  Joseph  Layman  examined,  doivn," 

. — "  I  am  landlord  of  the  house.  No.  The  Coroner. — "  Now  be  parti- 

3,  Princes  Street,  Fitzroy  Bquare.  oular,  and  state  if  ebe  told  you 

The  accused  and    her  daughter  how  she  tied  deceased." 

occupied  the  second  floor  back-  Witness, — "Shesaldehotiedber 

room,  and  they  had  had  for  about  neck,  and  then  passed  the  rope 

three   weeks   a  young  woman,  a  round  the  beadpost  of  the  bedstrad 

servant  out  of  place,  staying  with  (a  French  one),  and  than  passed 

them.    She  went  out  on  Thursday  the  ends  of  it  mund  the  foot,  in 

morning,  and  did  not  return  till  order  to  prevent  her  untying  it, 

Saturday  night.    About  1 1  o'clock,  so  that  the  end  of  the  rope  was  out 

on  Friday  night  last,  I  had  retired  of  her  reach.      She  said  she  ptrt 

to  rest,  when  the  accused  knocked  the  rope  round  and   round   the 

at  my  room  door  and  said,  'Get  deceased's  neck,  and  then  coiled  It 

np,'  and  on  my  doing  so  she  said,  under  the  knob  of  the  bedpost 

'  Ann  is  dead.  What  shall  I  dn—  The  accused  then  went  on  to  say 

what   shall    I    do?'  —  Bhe    had  to  witness,  that  when  she  found 

then  a  light,  and  having  put  on  deceased  she  was  leaning  forward 

my  clothes,  I  went  up  stairs  with  In  a  bending  position,  close  to  the 

her  to  her  room.     I  saw  the  de-  bed,  but  a  little  on  one  side.     She 

ceased  lying  on  the  floor  quite  eaid  she  tied  the  rope  slack,  but 

dead,  and  a  rope  lying  on  the  bed.  not  slack  enough  for  the  deoeaeed 

I  said,  *  We  had  better  send  for  a  to  get  the  rope  over  her  ehini    On 

doctor:'  to    which    she    replied,  the  following  day,  I  sski  to  her 

'What  is  the  use  of  a  doctor,  as  that  I  could  not  understand  how 

she  is  dead?'     I  then  felt  for  the  she  had  tied  the  rope,  and  she 

pulse,  but  it  had  ceased  to  beat,  i^fn  said  she  had  made  both  ends 

and  the  body  was  cold.    I,  how-  fbst  at  the  foot  of  the  bedpost." 

ever,  thought  it  right  to  go  for  a  The  rope,  which  is  such  as  is 

surgeon."  used  for  a  thick  clothes-hne,  was 

TheCoroner,— "NowBtatetothe  here  produced,  and  the  witness 

jury  all  that  transpired   between  expressed  his  belief  that  it  was  the 

you  and  the  woman  PuUen."  same  he  saw  on  the  bed,  and  which 

Witness.-..**  I  said  to  her,''Thls  had  been  used. 


NOV.]                  CHRONICLE.  1B5 

The  jniy  retumcd  k  verdict  of  left  bresst,  close  to  tbe  ehoulder. 

"lilatislaugliter"  against  the  mo-  He  fell,  and  instantly  expired) 

ther.  but,  owing  to  what  followed,  was 

The  prisoner  was  tried  for  man-  not  removed  for  nearly  an  hour, 

slanghter  on  the  flOth  of  December,  The    asssBsin   then  went  to   the 

andfoundguUtj;  tbeleamedjudge  servants'  entranoe    to    the   right, 

commented  in  suitable  terms  on  the  passed  through  the  passage  across 

barbarity  of  her  conduct;  but  think-  the  building,  and  met  the  bntler. 

ingit  more  anactof  ignorancethan  With    a  pistol  in  each  hand  he 

of  wilful  cruelty,  sentenced  her  to  motioned  the  butler  to  go  back, 

imprisonment  and  hard  labour  fbr  Being  greatly  alarmed  at  the  ap- 

a  y^r.  parition  of  a  man  in  a  mask  pre- 

—  HobhidleAbsassinatiokbat  eentiug   two   pistole,   the    butler 

Wymondham An  accumulation  of  retired  into  hw  pantry.     The  aa- 

crimes,  such  as  have  scarcely  ever  sassin  proceeded  onwards  to  the 
before  been  recorded  in  civil  life,  turn  of  the  passage,  where  there  was 
were  comlnitted  at  Stanfleld  Hall,  a  dark  recess,  and  a  door  opening 
nearWymondham.aboutiburmiles  into  another  passage,  leading  to 
from  Norwich.  This  mansion,  the  the  back  of  the  premises.  He  ap- 
residence  of  lUr.  Isaac  Jermy,  the  pears  to  have  arrived  in  tbe  recess 
recorder  of  Norwich,  is  a  lat^e  just  as  Mr.  Jenny's  son,  alarmed 
building,  ill  the  Norman  style  of  at  the  report  of  a  pistol,  left  the 
architeoture,  with  a  moat  befbre  it,  dining-room :  as  the  young  gentle- 
and  an  extensive  park  around  it.  man  went  to  tbe  door  opening  into 
In  the  front  of  the  main  building  the  back  paeBage>  the  man  flrod 
there  is  a  porch  entrance,  leading  at  him,  and  shot  him  through  the 
into  a  spacious  hall,  from  which  right  breast,  killing  him  on  the 
there  is  a  paas^e  to  the  dining  spot.  Mrs.  Jermy,  hearing  a  noise, 
and  drawing  rooms  on  the  left,  went  to  the  same  place',  and,  while 
There  is  also  a  servants'  entrance,  she  knelt  over  the  lifeless  body  of 
with  a  passage  leading  to  tbe  her  husband,  the  assassin  fired  a 
offices  on  the  one  hand  and  to  pistol  at  her.  Tbe  shot  shivered 
the  sitting-rooms  on  the  other,  one  of  her  arms,  and  wonnded 
Mr.  Jermy,  his  son,  and  Mrs.  her  in  tbe  breast.  Her  maid, 
Jermy,  tbe  wife  of  the  latter,  had  Eliza  Ohestney,  more  oourageous 
dined  together.  The  butler,  a  man  than  the  other  servants,  went 
servant,  and  two  females,  were  on  to  the  same  spot  to  see  what 
the  premises.  Two  female  servants  waa  the  matter ;  and,  while  clasp- 
had  gone  to  Wymondham,  and  had  jng  her  mistresa,  the  murderer 
returned  to  the  park,  but  were  not  discharged  another  pistol  at  her, 
in  the  hall  before  eight  o'clock,  and  seriously  wounded  her  in  the 
About  half-post  eight  Mr.  Jermy  thigh.  The  female  servants,  tbink- 
le(t  the  dining  room,  and  walked  ing  they  should  all  be  mardered, 
through  the  ludl  to  tiie  front  of  the  hid  themselves.  Tbe  man  servant, 
building.  On  returning,  just  as  he  who  was  then  in  the  stables,  hear. 
entered  the  porch,  a  man,  wrapped  ing  all  this  firing,  and  supposing 
op  in  a  oloak  and  wearing  a  mask,  that  the  bouse  was  attacked  by  a 
fired  a  pistol  at  him,  and  the  ball  number  of  ruffians,  swam  across 
lodged  in  the  upper  port  of  the  the    moat  which    stirrounda   the 


156             ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

house,  and  Bet  off  to  Wymondham,  little  pieces  of  lead  were  taken  from 

vhere   he   save  the  alarm,  and  the  bodies — tno  pieces  from  the 

caused  a  telegraphic  meaaage  to  father's  corpse,  and  five  from  that 

be  sent  to  Norwich  police-station,  of  the  son — more  being  left  in 

The  murderer,  therefore,  had  no  the  wounds:  aome  of  the  pieces 

difiGculty  in  making  his  escape,  weighed  eleven  grains,  and  others 

Tho  two  female  serranls,  who  had  thirteen. 

gone  to  Wymondham,  returned  with  James    Wat«on,    Mr.    Jermj's 

two  Toung  men ;  and,  while  they  butler,  described  what  he  saw  of 

stood  outside  of  the  moat  talking,  the   assassinations :  — "  About   a 

they  heard  the  report  of  a  pist^,  quarter    post    eight    o'clock     on 

and  saw  the  Hash :  they  thought  Tuesday  evening   I   whs   in   my 

that  young  Mr.  Jenuy  was  trying  pantry,  when   I   heard   the   dis- 

to  fr^hten  them,  and  they  went  charge  of  a  gun  or  a  pistol  shot 

to  the  lodge.  at  the  front  of  the  house.      The 

Assistance  arriving,  the  victims  pantry  is  in  the  front  of  the  house, 

of  this  atrocious  cnme  were  re-  and  nearly  adjoina  the  porch.    I 

moved.    Mr.  Jermy,  sen.,  who  was  left  my  pantiy  immediately  aAer 

about  69  years  of  age,  was  found  hearing  the  report;  and  when  I 

to  be  quite  dead,  the  Wis  having  got  to  the  comer  of  the  passage, 
passed  through  bia  heart.     The  '  not  more  than  five  or  aix  feet 

son,  who  was  aged  about  SO,  was  from   the  pant^-doer,   I   saw  a 

alsodead.thebulletsharingpierced  man  walking  past  fiom  the  back 

through  his  body  on  the  ri^htside.  Mssage  towards  the  staircase  hall. 

Urs.  Jenny  was  frightfully  Injured,  He    was    turaing     the    comer, 

her  arm  was  dreadfully  shattered.  Immediately  fronting  the  kitchen 

and    her    side    much    lacerated ;  passage  was  a  small  lamp :   the 

from  her  bodily  and  mental  suffer-  man  was  not  past  the  lamp  at  the 

ings  it  is  doubtful  whether  she  can  time  I  first  saw  him.     His  &ce 

ulthnately  recever.     The  servant  was  towards  me,  with  something 

maid  was  also  dreadfully  it^urod,  over  it,  apparontly  a  mask.     He 

but  less  so  than  her  mistress.  had  a  cl<wk  on ;  it  had  a  cape  to 

Suspicion    pointed    to    a    man  it ;  I  do  not  know  whether  it  was 

namea  Bush,  a  farmer  and  auc-  long  or  short;  I  do  not  remember 

tioneer,  living  in  the  neighbour-  whether  it  was    above   or  below 

hood,  wiih  whom  Mr.  Jermy  had  his  knees.     His  head  was  covered 

had  frequent  disputes,  and  he  was  with  something,  but  I  do  not  know 

immediately  arrested ;  Mrs.  Jermy  what.     He  was  a  short  man,  and 

and  the  servant  retaining  sufficient  stout.     It  was  a  dark  cloak-     The 

recollection  to  declare  that,  though  man  was  carrying  a  pistd  in  each 

disguised,  they  wero  certiun  that  hand.     They  were  large  pistols; 

he  was  the  assassin.  but  I  cannot  say  the  size  of  them, 

A  very  lengthened  inquiry  was  or  the  length  of  barrel.     He  did 

immediately  commenced  before  the  not    speak    to    me,    nor   did    I 

coroner.  speak  to  him.    I  believe  he  saw 

Sui^eons  described  the  cause  of  me."    It  occurred  to  Watson  that 

death :  a  charge  from  a  gun  or  a  the  man  was  Mr.  Rush,  whom  he 

pistol,  fired  at  a  very  short  dis-  knew  well  by  sight,  as  he  had 

tance,  had  lodged  in  the  body;  been  frequently  at  the  Hall  of 


NOV.]  CHRONICLE.  167 

late.    "  The  man  was  pasaing  me  widow,   bat   afterwards   admitted 

quickly,  towards  the  door  leiulitig  that  she  was  unmarried,  and  she 

to  the  staircase  hall,  the  door  of  was  evidentljr  &r  advanced  in  preg- 

which  was  opened  bj  Mr.  Isaac  nsncjr.      Reporters  were  not  al- 

Senaj  at  the  instant  of  time  that  lowed  to  be  present  at  her  ex- 

the  man  that  I  sappoee  to  be  Mr.  amioalion,  but  the  following  was 

Rush  reached  it.    I  saw  the  man  the  substance  of  what  she  said, 

fire  a  pistol,  and  Mr.  Jenny  in-  At  the  first  examination,  she  had 

Blantlf  fell  back.      I  went  back  said,  Mr.  Rush  came  home  to  tea 

into  mj  pantry.     As  soon  as  I  at  six,  and  took  off  his  boots  for 

was  there  I  heard  two  other  re-  the  night;  went  out  of  the  room  at 

ports.     I  then  came  out,  and  went  aboutnine,fortenminutesonly;  re- 

towards  the  hall  staircase.     When  turned  then,and  did  not  agaiu  leave 

in  the  passage,  Mrs.  Jenny  rushed  the  house.  Subsequently,  however, 

nt  me  tovnirds  the  back  staircase,  under  a  more  rigorous  questioning, 
'ent  on,  and  opposite  the  door  her  story  changed.  She  deposed, 
into  the  hall  staircase  I  saw  Eliza  that  on  the  night  of  the  murders 
Ohestnej  tying  screaming.  She  Rush  came  home  at  about  six,  by 
said.  '  Oh !  take  me  up,  or  I  shall  appointment,  to  take  her  to  a  con- 
die.'  I  did  take  her  up.  and  took  cert,  given  by  Madame  Dulcken, 
her  towards  the  back  staircase."  at  Wymondham ;  but  he  asked  her 
He  raised  an  alarm.  The  glass-  if  she  desired  to  go,  as  he  was  un- 
door,  by  which  the  murderer  passed  well ;  and  it  was  agreed  that  they 
into  the  house,  was  one  by  which  should  not  go.  They  took  tea,  and 
Rush  was  in  the  habit  of  entering,  be  stayed  in  the  room  till  eight, 
without  knocking  or  ringing.  Mr.  He  then  said,  "  I  want  to  go 
Jermy  always  went  out  for  a  few  out  for  a  short  time."  She  en- 
minutes  after  dinner;  a  habit  80  deavoured  to  dissuade  him,  on  ac- 
common  that  many  might  know  count  of  his  cold ;  but  he  went  to 
of  it.  Rush  had  a  short  interview  the  back-kitches,  where  the  boy 
with  Mr.  Jermy  on  the  Sunday  Savoty  was,  and  thence  to  his 
night.  own  bedroom,  and  in  a  few  mi- 
Mr.  Hubhurty,  superintendent  nutes  after  he  come  down  and 
of  police,  found  a  fur  cap  and  a  went  out.  As  he  went  out  lie 
wig  in  a  chest  in  Rush's  bed-room:  observed  that  the  door  would  not 
the  wig  was  a  lai^e  black,  long-  fasten,  so  she  went  and  &stened 
haired  one,  and  could  be  put  on  it,  while  he  held  it  close  from 
the  head  so  as  greatly  to  conceal  oatside ;  it  was  dark,  and  she  did 
the  face.  This  wig  was  nearly  at  not  see  how  he  was  dressed.  She 
the  top  of  the  box,  and  seemed  to  took  a  novel  to  read.  He  returned  ■ 
have  been  rudely  thrust  in.  at  about  nine,  and  knocked  at  the 
The  most  important  evidence,  door  with  his  knuckle.  She  went 
both  at  the  inquest  and  at  the  and  unfastened  the  door-latch,  and 
examination  before  the  magistrates,  saying,  "  It's  undone,"  returned 
was  that  of  Emily  James,  whose  without  seeing  him.  He  waited 
real  name  was  Sandford,  a  young  outside  a  minute  or  so,  then  en- 
womon  who  had  lived  in  Rush's  tered,  and  went  up-stairs ;  and  as 
fiimily,  first  as  a  governess,  latterly  be  went,  he  called  from  the  pass- 
as  his  housekeeper  or  mistress :  age,  "  You  had  better  go  to  bed." 
she  had  described  herself  as  a  He   took  no  candle,  as  he  bad 


168            ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

PAtent  wax  Upmrs  in  hia  bej-room.  was  laid  (dt  about  thna  forlaiigi. 

la   H   minute   or   so    ba    c&me  The  Ud  Savor?,  whoM  endence 

down-aUire    in   hia    ihirt-aleeTee,  bad    keen    Biupected,    YTW    ro-ei- 

and  looked  in  at  liar.     He  said,  ftuieed  at  great  longth.    He  bod 

"  What  a  lane  fire  jou  have  got  I  aaid  that  be  bad  been  in  th^  babit 

pat  it  out,  and  go  to  bed."    There  of  putting  a  peg  in  a  doot  whioh 

was  something  in  bia  Dunnu*  that  would  have  prev«ntod  Kusb  from 

caused  her  to  huk  at  bim  more  getting  his  boots  from  the  wiab- 

attentively,  and  she  then  observed  house;  but  he  now  admitted  that 

that  Ilia  iJsoe  was  deadly  paie,  (he  the  door  coul^  be  opened  despite 

is  naturally  a  nan  of  veiy  florid  the  p«g— be  pratoaded  that  be  did 

eemplexiou,)  and  that  he  appeared  not  know  that  until  the  police  hid 

mucb^Uted.  She  eaid,  "Is  there  proved  it.    He  admitted  that  he 

anything  tba  matter  with  you?"  bad  asked  a  man  to  giveevidmoe 

He  turned  from   bar,   and   aaid,  about  the  peg,  to   '*  aoraen "  Mr. 

"  No."     After  a  short  pause,  he  Bush.    A  policeman  apoke  to  the 

added,    "  If    any    <Hie   aske    you  finding  of  letters  at  Potash  farm, 

about  me,  s^y  I  was  not  out  more  which  showed  ill-feoling  toward* 

than  ten  minutes,"    [WbtX  she  Air.  Jermy.     A  gloaier  produced 

did  state  the  next  dt^  before  the  i   large   ramrod   which    he   hwl 

magistrates.]      He  then  went  up  found  in  a  passage  at  Stan^eld 

Btairs  to  hia  bedroom  agaiu,  and  Hall  on  the  night  of  the  murdera. 

locked  the  door.     She  took  some  The  inquest  was  again  adjourued. 

of  the  heated  ooals  from  the  fire,  Tba  investigation  before  the  tatr 

and  having  a  can  of  water  in  the  gistrates  having  in  the  meuiwhile 

room,  threw  some  upon  the  fira,  produoed    some    importaut    e^i' 

and  quenched  it.      She  tlien  re-  dance,   whieh  waa  read  over  at 

tired  to  her  bed-room.      In  tim  tbe  inquest,  the  Jury  returned  a 

oourae  of  a  few  mlnutea  she  heard  verdict  of  "  Wilful  Miurder  "ogaintt 

the  door  of  Bush's  room  opened  Rush. 

■0  as  to  make  as  little  noise  as  The  evidence  b^ore  tbe  msgfs- 
possible,  and  heard  the  prisoner  trates  above  alluded  to  produced 
groping  his  way  down-stslra  with-  many  important  faets. 
out  hia  ahoes.  About  two  or  three  Eliza  Gheatuey,  Mrs.  Jenny's 
minutes  afterwards  aha  heard  him  Hervantrmaid,  was  examined  in  tbs 
return  up-sloira  in  the  same  man-  presence  of  Mr.  Ruab,  who  wu 
ner,  and  re-enter  hia  bed-room,  taken  to  Btanfield  U^l  and  con- 
She  then  went  to  sleep,  and  did  fronted  with  her.  Cheatney  stated 
not  awake  until  the  morning,  when  positively  that  l^h  iras  the  m*" 
.  she  was  aroused  by  the  iuforma-  who  fired  at  herself  and  at  bar 
tion  that  the  polioe  were  iu  the  mistress  i  she  described  bis  ap- 
house.  pearance  "  about  the  head ; "  when 
Tbe  inquest  was  adjourned  for  the  disguising  wig,  found  in  bis 
further  inquiry ;  when  resumed,  room,  waa  put  on  him,  the  truth 
several  additional  witnesses  were  of  her  desoription  was  apnareal, 
examined.  A  boy  stated,  that,  by  and  her  belief  was  confirmed. 
Mr.  Rush's  order,  on  the  morning  Tlia  young  woman,  Emily  Sand- 
of  the  murders  ha  littered  atraw  ford,  having  overcome  the  terror 
along  a  path  leading  from  Potash  she  evinced  in  the  preeenos  af 
form  to  Stanfield  Hall :  the  atraw  her  acducsr,  made  important  re- 


NOV.]                  CHRONICLE.  159 

T4latiaiw,  Bboniag  that  she  hAd  Daring  tbe  private  exanination 
bMn  the  passive  mstraraent  used  Busb  bod  conducted  himself  wilb 
by  Bush  in  vorking  of  divert  eitreme  vielence  toKards  Miu 
nefarious  ecbames.  Her  evideuoe  Sandford  and  the  magistratea ;  he 
had  disclosed  a  secret  place  ia  «  oallsd  tlie  m^strtttes  fillaina — 
closet  of  th«  Potash  farm-house,  rillaine  whom  be  would  show  up. 
used  a*  a  detiositoiy  of  documents.  On  the  14th,  at  the  olose  of  UisB 
Buidi  himself  one  iajf  shoved  it  Bsadford'seuuninatioD,  speaking  of 
to  her,  sajiag,  "  I  want  to  let  you  bar  dapoBitioiiB,  he  said — "  U  she 
into  a  secret."  He  lifted  a  biMrd  eigna  Uiem,  I  hope  her  band  wilt 
in  the  floor  with  a  ohieel,  and  said,  nit  off;  and  if  she  bear  a  child  by 
"  This  is  a  place  made  U>  keep  all  m«,  I  hope  it  will  be  bom  with  a 
my  puiers:  my  poor  mother  was  brand  upon  it,  for  she  bos  done  all 
tlw  only  one  that  knew  of  it.  and  she  could  against  me." 
DOW  she  is  dead  I  will  let  you  into  At  the  end  of  Thursday's  ex- 
the  leoret."  amination,  Mr.  Rush  produced 
In  that  repository  the  polios  some  notes,  whii:h  be  diligently 
fonnd  a  twz  containing  a  number  and  coolly  studied :  be  then  said 
of  documents  neatly  engrossed  on  be  had  "  got  a  good  deal  to  say." 
■tompad  paper.  One  of  them  He  complained  that  copies  of  ^e 
seemed  an  agreement,  signed  by  depositions  bad  been  denied  to 
tbe  late  Mr.  Isaac  Jenny,  to  the  bim  and  to  his  family;  that  do- 
flffeet  that  ha  would  hum  bis  ouments  of  his  own,  important  to 
mortgage,  and  release  Mr.  Rush  bis  defence,  had  been  taken,  and 
from  all  tbe  money  he  owed,  on  kept  away  by  Mr.  Cann,  tbe  ma- 
condition  of  Mr.  Rush's  giving  gistrate's  clerk,  who  bad  acted 
up  all  writiuge  about  the  title  to  from  the  3DLb  of  November  to 
tbe  Stanfield  Hall  and  Felming.  tite  4tb  inatant  as  an  attorney 
ham  estates,  and  maintaining  Mr.  for  his  defence.  He  repeated  the 
Jermy  in  possession,  Two  other  charge  he  had  made  against  tbe 
documenta  were  sgreetaenta  for  magistrates,  that  "  their  conduct 
leases  of  these  estates;  one  <d  had  been  most  villanous  in  tbe 
tbem  from  Mr.  Isaao  Jermy  to  examination  as  regards  the  ends 
Ruahi  and  the  other  from  Thomas  of  justice,  and  partioularly  as  re- 
Jermy  and  two  persons  of  the  gards  their  conduct  in  getting  the 
Lamsr  family,  three  of  the  per-  evidenceof  Emily  S&ndK>rd;"  and 
sons  who  have  litigated  the  owner-  he  believed  "  ibey  knew  the  two 
ship  of  the  SlAntield  Hell  property,  last  depositions  or  examinations, 
It  turns  out  that  the  signatures  whichever  they  liked  to  call  tbem, 
•f  tbe  late  Mr.  Jermy's  name  are  to  be  false."  He  signed  bis  state- 
forgeries;  uid  Miss  Saudford  ad>  ment  in  bold  writing;  and  was 
mitted  that  she  engroased  thees  committed  to  be  tried  for  the 
papers  for  Ruth,  and  signed  her  murder  of  Mr.  Isaac  Jermy  and 
name  as  a  witness  to  the  execution  bis  son.  On  retiring  he  jocosely 
of  thsm,  "  without  thinking  much  obeervsd  to  the  reporters,  "All  will 
about  it,  as  she  was  in  the  habit  be  out  by-and-by  -.  time  will  show." 
of  obeying  him."  She  habitually  The  most  diligent  search  baa 
^grossed  business  documents  ou  bitberui  failed  in  discovering  the 
stamped  papers,  like  deeds,  for  instrument  with  which  the  aasaasi- 
him.  nations  were  perpetmted. 


160 


ANNUAL    EEGISIER. 


[1848 


BeeiiJes  many  quarrels  and  law- 
Buits  of  recent  origin,  it  is  stated 
that  the  late  Mr.  Jenny  and  Mr. 
Rush  had  long  been  engaged  in 
litigation  on  a  mutual  claim  to 
the  Slanfield  Hall  propertj.  Mr. 
Rush's  family  is  one  of  respecta- 
bility and  standing,  and  be  claimed 
to  be  a  nearer  heir  than  Mr.  Jermy 
to  a  common  ancestor  of  the  two  fa- 
milies, named  Preston,  from  whom 
the  property  has  descended.  Some 
eight  years  ago,  Mr.  Rush  took 
forcible  possession  of  Stanfield 
Hall,  and  was  only  ejected  by  a 
military  force,  called  in  to  aid  the 
constabulary. 

Some  other  claimants  to  the 
property  had  also  been  litigating 
the  succession,  under  the  auspices 
of  Rush ;  these  parties  are  said 
to  have  been  induced  by  Rush  to 
come  down  into  the  neighbourhood, 
at  the  period  of  the  murders,  it  is 
supposed  with  the  infamous  pur- 
pose of  su^esting  that  they  were 
the  perpetrators  of  his  intended 
murders;  they  bad,  however,  for- 
tunately left 


DECEMBER. 

1.    FUOHT  OP  THE  POPB  FROM 

Roue. — Tbe  following  t«le^phia 
despatch  announcing  the  Sight  of 
the  Pope  from  Rome,  which  was 
published  in  this  morning's  jour- 
nals, excited  the  greatest  interest, 
as  well  from  the  political  import- 
ance of  the  event,  as  from  tbe 
mora  deep  and  typical  meaning 
attached  to  it  by  those  earnest 
Protestants  who  are  expecting  the 
fall  of  Popery,  and  watch  eagerly 
the  fulfilment  of  certain  vague  pro- 
phecies, which  fix  the  occurrence 
of  this  downfall  about  this  period. 

"  Civita  Veccliia,  Not.  S6,  three  p.  m. 

"  The  Consul  of  France  to  die 


Minister  of  Foreign  AE&ire. — ^The 
Pope  departed  secretly  on  the 
S4th,  at  five  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon. Rome  is  calm  and  indif- 
ferent. The  Pope  is  on  his  way 
to  France.  I'he  Tenare  baa  gone 
to  Oaeta  to  take  him  on  board. 

"  A  rote  of  confidence  has  been 
passed  in  favour  of  the  [Roman] 
Ministry." 

—  Fire  juid  Loss  of  Life.— 
Shortly  before  12  o'clock  at  night 
a  policeman  discovered  flames,  Ac, 
issuing  from  the  windows  of  a  honse 
in  Gray's  Inn  Lane,  occupied  by 
Mr.  Powell,  an  optician,  and  seve- 
ral other  &milies.  He  immediately 
sprang  his  rattle  and  set  about 
alarming  the  inmates.  Aft«r  re- 
peated knockings  at  the  door,  tbe 
officer  succeeded  in  making  most 
of  tlie  residents  sensible  of  the 
great  danger  to  which  they  were 
exposed,  and  many  of  the  parties 
succeeded  in  effecting  a  safe  re- 
treat, but  not  without  great  diffi- 
culty. As  soon  as  the  doors  were 
opened  the  draught  made  the 
flames  ascend  wiUi  still  greater 
fury,  and  a  woman  who  lodged  in 
the  second  floor  was  unable  to  de- 
scend the  staircase.  Tbe  poor 
creature,  upon  getting  upon  the 
landing,  was  met  by  a  huge  sheet 
of  flame,  which  prevented  her 
escape.  Her  husband,  who  had 
gained  the  street,  anxious  to  save 
the  life  of  his  wife,  rushed  through 
tbe  flames,  and  gained  the  upper 
floor.  In  BO  doine,  his  clothing 
became  ignited,  and  be  was  speed- 
ily enveloped  in  fire.  Finding  that 
all  means  of  escape  were  now  cut  off, 
he  made  for  the  back  window,  and 
having  called  to  bis  wife  to  throw 
herself  out  of  the  window,  he 
jumped  into  the  back  yard,  his 
night-clothes  being  then  in  flames. 
The  poor  fellow  fell  with  a  fearfol 
crash  upon  the  stones,  and  was 


DEC]                   CHRONICLE.  161 

most  dreadfully  iDJured;  he  was  tjtyof  live  stock.    The  vi^ai  b» 

«rith  diflBculty  got  out,  and  con>  came  so  stormy  tliat  the  oi^tan 

Toyed  to  the  hospital,  where  he  considered  it  necessary  that  tfas 

expired  almost  the  moment  he  en-  passengers  shoald  go  below.    This 

tered  the  institution.  the  mate  and  crew  proceeded  to 

The  flames,  in  the  meantime,  efFect  by  driving  the  unfortunate 

had    made   fearful   progress,    the  passengers  into  the  steerage  cabin, 

building  from  the  bottom  to  the  aconfinedspaceabout  IBfeetlong, 

roof  presenting  one  immense  sheet  11  wide,  and  about?  high.    The 

of    fire,    whidi    illuminated    the  hatches  were  then  cloBed,  and,  as 

nhole  of  the  neighbourhood.     The  some  of  the  poor  creatures  endea- 

neighbours,  and  the  police,  made  voured  to  free  themselves  from  thia 

a  desperate   attempt   to   get  the  horrid  den,  a  tarpaulin  *vas  thrown 

poor  woman  out  of  the   blazing  over  the  entrance   and  was  then 

premises,  but  without  success,  and  fastened  down.  The  most  horrible 

someof  the  parties  nearly  perished  consequences  ensued:   the  air  of 

in  the  attempt.    The  water  being  this  chamel-bouse  was  insufficient 

abundant,  the  firemen  worked  in-  to  maintain  existence  for  more  than 

cessantly,  but  without  producing  a  few  minutes;  a  horrible  etrug- 

any  effect  upon  the  flames  for  a  gle  ensued — frenzy,  convulsions — 

considerable  time.  the  scene  is  hidden  from  view. 

As  soon  B3  possible,  search  was  After  the  lapse  of  some  shoit  time 
made  for  the  unfortunate  woman,  one  of  the  poor  wretches,  more 
After  examining  several  of  the  fortunate  than  his  fellows,  sac- 
rooms  the  firemen  discovered  her  ceeded  in  gaining  the  deck  and 
corpse  in  the  second  floor.  Life  alarming  the  mate.  He  instantly 
wasof  course  quite  extinct,  but  the  hastened  to  the  relief  of  the  un- 
body  was  not  much  burnt,  and  it  fortunate  beings — but  too  late  ; 
was  clear  that  death  was  caused  by  when  the  cabin  was  entered,  a  hor- 
suffocation.  The  deceased  was  in  rible  mass  of  bodies,  dead  or  dying, 
ail  advanced  st^e  of  pregnancy.  was  found.     No  less  than  72  per 

2.  Dueabful  Catabtrophe  sons  had  thus  miserably  perished  I 
OS  A  Steamboat— 72  Persons  The  bodies  were  fearfully  con- 
Smotuered.— A  most  frightful  ca-  vulsed,  the  blood  starting  from 
tastrophe,  by  which  72  persons  lost  their  eyes,  nostrils,  and  ears : 
their  lives,  under  circumstances  of  others  were  shockingly  mangled 
suffering  not  paralleled  since  the  and  trampled  in  the  mad  struggle, 
horrors  of  the  Black-bole  of  Cal-  The  vessel  put  into  the  port  of 
cutta,  occurred  on  the  steam-boat  Deny,  where  every  effort  waa 
Londonderry,  which  runs  between  made  to  relieve  the  sufferiugs 
Liverpool  and  Sitgo,  calling  at  of  the  eurs-ivore.  The  money 
Derry  on  her  route.  It  appears  found  on  the  deceased  passengers, 
that  the  Londonderry  left  Sligo  amounting  to  177(.,  was  preserved 
on  Friday  evening  for  Liverpool,  untouched  to  their  use,  and  they 
with  nearly  300  passengers  on  were  forwarded  gratuitously  to 
board— a  large  number  of  whom  their  destinations ;  few,  however, 
were  emigrants,  who  intended  to  were  willing  to  resume  their  de- 
re-ship  at  Liverpool  for  America,  sign  of  emigrating,  (he  horrors  of 
There  was  also  on  board  a  quau-  their  short  passage  sufficing  to  deter 

Vol.  XC  M 


162            ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

tbe  most  stoutrheottad  from  further  death.  The  defendant  plesded  first 

Umpting  tha  perils  of  tbe  seu.  that  the  plaiatiff  was  not  Boch 

The  corpses  were  carried  to  the  adminiBtrator,    and    secondly   not 

workhooie,  and  buried  ia  a.  deep  guilty. 

pit  16  feet  long  and  10  feet  wide.  The  plaintiff  was  a  caipenter 

The  captain  and  crew  were  taken  and  undertaker,  residing  at  No. 

into  custody.  87,  High  Street,  St  Giles's,  and 

A  coroner's  inquest  was  held  on  that  the  defendant  was  the  owner 

the  bodies  of  the  sufferers ;  in  the  of  some  house  property  adjoining 

first  case  the  jury  returned  the  the  dwelling-house  of  the  pUiati£ 

following  Terdiot:—  Od  the  14th  of  April,  1847,  tbe 

"  We  find  that  death  was  caused  defendant  was  causing  some  im- 
by  snfTooatioti,  in  consequence  of  prarements  to  be  made  in  his 
the  gross  negligence  and  total  want  bouses,  and  it  became  necessary  to 
of  the  usual  and  neoessory  caution  pull  down  an  old  wall  and  a  stack 
en  the  pert  of  the  oaptun,  Alex-  of  chimneys,  the  latter  being  close 
ander  Johnston,  Bicbard  Hughes,  a^oiuing  to  the  back  shop  and  par- 
firat  mate,  and  Ninian  Crawford,  lour  of  tbe  plaintiS'.  The  parlonr 
second  mate ;  and  we  therefore  of  the  plaiatiff  was  on  the  ground- 
find  them  guilty  of  'Afanslaagh-  floor,  and  had  a  skylight  in  the 
ter;'  and  we  further  consider  it  roof.  About  the  middle  of  the  day 
our  duty  to  espreas  in  the  strong-  in  question  tbe  plaintiff's  wife  was 
est  terms  our  abhorrence  of  the  cooking  the  dinner  of  tbe  family 
inhuman  conduct  of  the  remainder  OYer  £e  parlour  fire,  when  the 
of  tbe  seamen  on  board  on  the  workmen  proceeded  to  pull  down 
melancholy  occasion  1  and  the  jury  the  stack  of  chimneys.  The  de- 
beg  to  call  the  attention  of  pro-  fendant  himself  employed  tbe  la- 
prietors  of  steamboats  to  tbe  ur-  bourers,  and  he  was  asked  bow 
gent  neceesi^  of  introducing  some  the  stack  should  be  pulled  down, 
more  effectual  mode  of  ventilation  and  he  answered,  "  He  did  not  car« 
in  the  steerage,  and  also  affording  a  d- — -."  Tbe  workmen  there- 
better  accommodation  to  the  poorer  upon,  instead  of  erecting  scaffold- 
class  of  passengers."  ing,  and  taking  it  down  properly, 

—  Lord  Caupbbll's  Act.  Avis  placed  a  coil  of  rope  round  the 

V.    NoaEK.       Court    of   Common  bottom  of  the  chimney,  and  aeve- 

Pltat. — This  was  an  action  brought  ral  men  proceeded  to  pull  at  the 

by  tbe  plaintiff  as  administrator  of  rope,  to  pull  the  chimney  down  by 

his  wife,  under  the  provisions  of  force.     As  was  to  be  e:fpected,  on 

tbe    recent   statute    called   Lord  the  bottom  part  being  pulled  forci- 

Camphell's  Act  (flth  and  10th  of  biy  one  way,  the  top  of  the  chlm- 

Victoria  c.  03),  for  compensation  uey  fell  the  other,  and,  tumbling 

to  the  plaintiff  and  to  his  four  in-  upon  the  roof  and  skylight  of  the 

&nt  children  for  the  death  of  his  parlour,  fell  across  the  back  of  tbe 

wife  and  their  mother,  caused  by  plaintiff's  wife,  severely   bruised 

tbe  alleged  negligence  of  the  ser-  ner,  and  struck  her  down  across 

vants  and  workmen  of  the  defend-  the  fire.    Her  four  children,  of  the 

ant  in  taking  down  astockof  chim-  respective  ages  of  13,  10, 8,  and  0^ 

neys,  which  fell  upon  the  plaiutiff's  years,  wero  playing  about  her  at 

wife,  and  eventually  caused  her  thetime.butprovidentiallyescaped. 


DEC]  CHRONICLE.  163 

The  plaintiff's  nifa  nas  severely  60'.  for  each  of  the  children,  to  be 

ityured  in  her  bock  in  the  region  inveeted  in  tmsteea  to  their  use.' 
of  tbe  kidneya,  producing  disease,        —     Lord    Gamfbzll's    Aot. 

of  which  she  ultimately  died.  Deabdeh  v.   Ths   Lohdom   amd 

Mr.  Seijeant  Talfourd,  on  the  Nobib-Wbsthbh  Railway  Coif- 
part  of  the  defendant,  cont«Dded  pahy.  Court  of  Exchequer. — In 
that  the  defendant  ongbt  not  to  be  this  case  the  plaintiff,  a  boy  6 
held  liable  for  the  accident  pro-  years  of  age,  sued  by  hk  father,  as 
dnced  by  bis  workroen.  But,  if  his  "next  friend,"  and  complained 
liable,  in  estimating  tbe  value  of  that,  he  being  a  passenger  on  the 
tbe  life  of  the  plaintiff's  wife  under  defendants'  line  of  railway,  they  so 
the  provisions  of  Lord  Campbell's  negligently  conducted  themselves 
Act — a  novelty  to  the  English  law  in  that  behalf,  that  the  door  of  the 
— he  begged  them  not  to  forget  carriage  came  open,  and  be,  falling 
that  she  was  afflicted  with  dbeases  out,  suffered  serious  iiyury.  The 
which  rendered  her  life  uninaur-  defendants  only  pleaded  the  gene- 
able.  From  the  evidence  of  a  me-  ral  issue — "Not  guilty."  It  ap- 
dical  witness  called  for  the  defend-  peored,  from  tbe  evidence  of  Mr. 
antwhohad  attended  the  plaintiff's  Doarden  and  two  maid-serrants, 
wife,  it  appeared  that  the  deceased  that  on  the  3rd  of  August,  1847, 
had  been  long  labouring  under  dis-  he  and  his  family  were  travelling 
ease  of  the  lungs,  under  the  infla-  from  Birkenhead  to  London  by  the 
ence  of  which  she  was  rapidly  be-  railway,  the  maids  and  four  of  the 
coming  emaciated,  and  was  not  children,  ranging  from  6^  years  of 
likely  to  have  lived  beyond  a  year  age  downwards,  being  in  tbe  last 
after  the  accident.  The  disease  compartment  of  a  second-class  car- 
alleged  was  known  as  "  Dr.  Bright's  riage,  and  Mr.  Dearden  and  a  fifth 
disease  "  or  '•  the  nutmeggy  liver,"  child  in   the  a^oining    compart- 

Tbe  Lord  Chief  Justice  told  the  ment.  OnarrivalatEustonSquare, 
jury  that  the  ownerof  property  who  the  plaintiff  was  standing  at  the 
pulled  it  down  was  responsible  for  door  next  the  platform,  looking 
Its  being  so  done  with  safety  t^  the  out,  with  his  chm  resting  on  hie 
public.  There  were  two  questions  band  en  the  window.  While  the 
for  the  jury  to  decide— first,  was  train  was  still  in  motion,  tbe  door 
the  death  of  the  plaintiff's  wife  at  which  the  plaintiff  was  standing 
occasioned  or  accelerated  by  the  suddenly  came  open,  and  be  fell 
blow  which  she  received  from  the  out,  rolling  on  the  platform,  and 
materials  of  tbe  falling  chimney  ?  thence  on  to  the  ground  beneath, 
if  so,  the  plaintiff  was  entitled  to  where  the  corriagee  passed  over  his 
their  verdict.  If,  on  the  other  legs.  When  the  plaintiff  was 
hand,  they  were  of  opinion  that  the  picked  up,  he  was  taken  to  the 
woman's  death  was  not  referable  to  hospital,  where  it  w*as  found  neces- 
that  cause,  but  to  disease  alone,  sary  to  amputate  his  right  leg  at 
irrespective  of  the  blow,  as  a  re-  tbe  thigh  and  tbe  great  toe  of  his 
mote  cause  of  the  disease,  although  left  leg,  thus  rendering  him  a  hope- 
she  might  have  received  some  in-  lees  cripple  for  the  rest  of  nis 
jury  from  the  blow,  they  must  find  days, 
for  tbe  defendant.  On    cross-examination    of   tbe 

The  jury  found  a  verdict  for  the  maids,  it  appeared  that  no  one  had 

plamtiff — "Damt^es,  100/.,  and  got  in  or  out  of  their  compartment 


164 


ANNUAL     REGISTER. 


[1848 


daring  the  journey,  and  they  de- 
nied that  thej  had  opened  the 
door,  or  had  positively  stated  to 
their  master  in  the  Gntt  instanra 
that  a  railway  porter  had  opened 
the  door,  but  that  they  tliought 
such  had  beon  the  case,  though 
they  did  not  see  miy  one  open  tlie 
door. 

Mr.  Borill  addressed  the  jury 
on  behalf  of  the  defendants,  who, 
he  stated,  were  most  auiious  on 
all  such  melaucholy  occasions  to 
render  all  the  consolation  which 
pecuniary  contpenaation  could  nf- 
ibrd  to  the  sufierere  on  their  rail- 
way, when  their  officers  were  to 
blame.  In  this  case,  however,  they 
did  not  admit  that  any  blame  could 
be  attached  to  the  company,  and  go 
tbey  answered  Mi-.  Dearden'a  ap- 
peal to  them,  informing  him  that 
the  door  must  have  been  opened 
by  one  of  the  passengers,  as  there 
was  not  any  servant  of  theirs  near 
the  carriage  in  which  the  plaintiff 
Blood. 

Evidence  was  called  in  support 
of  this  statement. 

The  Chief  Baron  summed  up 
the  evidence,  leaving  it  to  them 
lo  say  whether  tlie  defendants 
were  to  blame  in  the  matter.  It 
seemed  to  him  that  the  single 
question  in  the  cause  was,  whether 
the  door  was  opened  by  one  of  the 
maid-servants.  If itwossoopened, 
the  defendants  YTOuld  not  be  liable; 
but,  if  such  was  not  the  cose,  it 
would  seem  to  follow  that  the  door 
came  open  iu  some  way  or  other, 
for  which  the  defendants  were 
liable.  If  they  thought  that  the 
defendants  were  to  blame,  they 
would  gire  such  fair,  reasonable, 
and  temperate  damages  as  they 
should  think  the  plaintiff  was  en- 
titled to  demand  at  the  hands  of 
the  defendants  for  so  grievous  an 
injury  as  he  had  sustained  in  con- 


sequence of  this  unfortanate  of 
fair. 

The  jury  fonnd  a  verdict  for  the 
plaintiff,  with  0001.  damages. 

7.   ACCIDEHT  AT  HdIX — SBVOT- 

TEEH  Lives  lost. — About  6  o'cloA 
in  the  morning  a  number  of  men, 
women,  and  children  who  were  em- 
ployed at  the  Kingston  Cotton- 
mills,  and  who  resided  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Groves,  got 
into  a  boat,  as  usual,  at  the  feir; 
opposite  York  Street  end  in  tha 
Groves,  to  he  taken  across  tia 
River  Hull  to  the  Kingston  Cot- 
ton-mills. According  to  the  state- 
ment of  the  feriyman,  Charles 
Ireland,  there  were  upwards  of  25 
persons  in  the  boat  besidea  him- 
self— consisting  of  men,  women, 
and  children,  the  latter  from  13  to 
U  years  of  age.  As  the  boat  was 
very  full,  and  the  tide  running 
strong  at  the  time,  the  boatman 
desired  them  all  to  be  as  quiet  as 
possible,  or  danger  might  be  the 
consequence.  There  was  a  vessel 
moored  near  the  spot,  and  just  « 
tliey  pushed  off,  and  -when  they 
bad  got  a  few  yards  across  the 
river,  the  current,  which  was  im- 
peded by  ihs  vessel,  caught  the 
stem  of  the  boat  in  nhiSi  they 
were  seated.  The  boat  immedi- 
ately heaved  aside,  and  a  simul- 
taneous movement  was  made  lo 
the  other  end,  and  all  crowded 
together  in  one  comer.  The  boat 
immediately  capsized,  and  every 
one  was  precipitated  into  the 
stream.  The  shrieks  and  cries  of 
the  unfortunate  people  were  hea^^ 
rending,  and  brought  several  pe^ 
sons  who  were  noar  ihe  spot  to  their 
assistance ;  but,  it  being  quite  dork 
at  the  time,  very  little  hdp  could 
be  OKlended  to  them.  Eight  of 
the  individuals  only  were  saved 
out  of  the  96  who  were  in  Ihe 
boat.     The  rest  endeavoured  to 


DEC]                    CHRONICLE.  165 

BftTfl  tliemselveB  by  clinging  to  the  Wontner,  who  apjfieared  for  the  de- 
boat  or  anything  that  might  be  fence,  said  that  the  old  gentleman 
ffitbin  reach,  but  were  almost  im-  had  bought  the  jewellery  at  Paris, 
mediately  carried  down  the  river  as  his  papers  would  show ;  he  de- 
by  the  tide,  and  were  no  more  nied  the  competency  of  an  Eng- ' 
Been.  The  boatman  nuinaged  to  lieh  tribunal  to  deal  with  the  mat- 
reach  the  shore  with  the  greatest  ter — not  that  he  bad  any  objection 
difficulty.  Those  who  were  saved  to  a  proper  investigation. 
were  all  more  or  less  ii^uied  by  The  parties  were  remanded.  In 
coming  in  contact  with  the  ves-  the  interim,  the  affair  took  a  strange 
sols,  stones,  and  pieces  of  timber  turn :  all  claim  to  the  property  by 
that  were  ia  the  river.  Ixiuis  Philippe  was  abandoned. 
10.  SiKouLAa  Case — Jewels  ItappeaiedthatM.Bapst.ofParis, 
OF  THE  EX- Kino  of  the  Frencm.  who  was  jeweller  to  the  King,  had 
Martborough  Street  Police  OJice.  been  sent  for  to  identify  the  jewel- 
— Eugene  Saulier,  or  "Baron  de  lery;  but  onexaminingithefouod ' 
Saulier,"  and  Marie  Delonie,  other-  that  it  was  not  the  property  it  had 
wise  "Baroness  Bichmondde Bos-  been  supposed  to  be:  tlio  articles 
sain,"  were  charged  with  having  nearly  resembled  those  which  had 
unlawful  possession    of   valuable  belonged  to  the  Ei-King,  so  nearly 

Sroperty  belonging  to  the  Count  that  none  but  ajewellercouldhave 
e  Neuilly.  It  appeared  from  the  seen  the  difference ;  but  they  were 
Statement  of  Mr.  Bodkin,  who  not  the  royal  jewels,  of  which  they 
acted  for  Louis  Philippe,  and  from  might  be  described  as  fac-similes. 
the  evidence,  that  an  old  gentle-  As  soon  as  this  discovery  was  made, 
man  and  the  two  persons  at  the  theCoiintdeNeuillyabandonedthe 
bar  had  recently  arrived  from  charge  against  the  three  peraons 
France,  and  were  staying  at  the  accused ;  and  Mr.  Bodkin  now 
Princeof  Wales  Hotel  in  Leicester  staled  that  no  proceeding  of  a  cri- 
Street  It  was  found  that  they  minal  nature  could  take  place  re- 
were  endeavouring  to  dispose  of  apecting  any  portion  of  the  pro- 
property  which  had  belonged  to  perty.  The  possession  of  the  pic- 
the  Count  de  Meuilly  when  King,  ture  was  not  explained,  but  it  was 
and  a  warrant  was  obtained  from  a  stated  that  it  did  not  belong  to  the 
magistrate.  The  old  gentleman  Baron,  but  was  in  the  custody  of 
was  found  in  bed,  suffering  from  hia  secretary,  Eugene  de  Saulier. 
paralysis,  and  an  officer  was  placed  The  magistrate,  Mr.  Hardwick, 
over  him ;  the  two  prisoners  were  said  that  the  extraordinary  circum- 
with  the  old  gentleman  ;  in  the  stances  of  the  case  bad  justified  in- 
rooms  were  discovered  valuable  quiry,  but  the  accused  were  nowat 
property — -jewellery,  shawls,  and  a  liberty. 

portion  of  a  painting,  cut  from  a  The  case  being  dismissed,  the 

larger  one — altogether  worth  some  unlucky  jewels  were  immediately 

dOOOI.  -One  of  the  shawls  had  been  seized  by  a  Custom-house  officer 

all  but  Bold  for  G002.    General  Al-  for  not  baring  paid  the  proper 

fred  de  Chabanne,  one  of  the  Ex-  duty. 

King's  Aides-de-Camp,  identified  16.    The    Chartist    Riot    at 

the  property  as  baring  belonged  to  Bradford — Murder  of  the  Po- 

theKoyalFamily.Mr3odkinasked  i.tcEiiAK. — Joseph  BatclifTe  and 

for  a  remand  of  the  prisoners.  Mr.  Joseph'^Constantine,  aged  respect- 


166  ANNUAL    REGISTER.         [1848 

Welj  81  and  91,  were  tried  at  from  themselves.  Ha  indicted  the 
LiTerpooI  Special  AsBises.  for  the  punishment  of  impriBonment  for 
murder  of  James  Bright,  at  Ash-  different  periods  under  one  year. 
ton-under-Lyne,  on  the  14th  of  Joseph  Oonstantine  end  five 
'August  last.  Bright  was  the  others  were  then  tried  for  trea- 
policeman  who  was  killed  by  s  sonable  conspiracj  at  Aahton-un- 
raob  during  the  1ftt«  Chartist  and  der-Ljne.  After  the  defence  had 
(confederate  excitements  in  the  made  some  slight  pn^ress,  the 
North.  A  number  of  witnesses  priaonera,  aedng  on  advice,  with- 
swore  positively  that  Ratoliffe  drew  their  pleas  of  "  Not  Qnilty," 
drove  a  pike  into  Brigbt's  thigh ;  and  pleaded  "  Quilty."  Baron  Al- 
and some  witnesses  declared  that  derson  stud,  it  was  plain  that  all 
it  wsa  he  who  fired  the  shot  which  of  them  had  been  present  at  the 
killed  Bright ;  but  on  this  last  murder  of  poor  Bright,  though  his 
point  there  was  contradiction.  The  actual  murderer  had  escaped  to 
evidenceagainst  Oonstantine  failed.  America.  Constantino,  Kenworthy, 
Under  the  direction  of  Baron  Al-  Btott,  and  Tassiker  were  sentenced 
demon — that  the  evidence,  if  be-  to  transportation  for  life ;  Sefton 
lieved,  showed  that  Batcliife  waa  and  Walker  to  transportation  for 
present  st  the  killing  of  Bright,  ten  years, 
and  active  in  it,  even  if  he  were  17.  Explosion  ok  the  Eastern 
not  the  actual  killer — the  jury  Counties  Railway. — On  Sunday 
found  Hatclifr"Guilty;"  but  they  morning,  between  two  and  three 
recommended  him  to  meroy.  Con-  o'clock,  the  iuhabitanta  of  the  town 
stantine  was  acquitted,  and  subse-  of  Witham,  on  the  Eastern  Conn- 
quentlymade  disclosures  of  an  im-  ties  Line,  were  aroused  from  their 
portaut  nature,  and  exculpating  slumbers  and  alarmed  by  a  violent 
RatclifTe  from  any  participation  in  explosion.  The  alarm  arose  from 
the  murder,  and  tie  was  conse-  a  singular  cause: —Shortly  before 
quently  reprieved.  As  in  London,  the  usual  time  of  arrival  of  the  up 
there  seemed  to  be  little  difficulty  morning  mail  (which  is  due  at  19 
in  finding  persons  ready  to  reved  minutes  before  8  a.m.),  at  the  Wi- 
all  they  knew  of  the  acts  of  their  tham  station,  the  nightporter  per 
confederates;  and  since  this  trial  ceived  a  down  luggage  train  ap- 
several  persons  have  been  informed  preaching,  which  presently  stopped 
against  as  being  principals  in  the  at  the  station,  when  intimation 
murder.  was  given  by  the  guard  of  this 
On  the  Hondsyfollowinganum-  luggage-train,  that  in  the  magazine 
beroftheAshton  Chartists  pleaded  in  the  lost  track  (where  it  is  the 
"  Ouilty"  to  indictments  for  sedi-  custom  of  the  company  to  deposit 
tion.  In  sentencing  them.  Baron  goods  of  an  inflammable  or  oom- 
Alderson  told  them  that,  instead  of  bustible  nature)  there  were  two 
endeavouring  to  obtain  universal  barrels  of  gunpowder,  which,  being 
sufTrage,  they  ought  to  endeavour  respectivelyconsigned  to  the  towns 
to  obtain  uniTersu  temperance,  so-  of  Maldon  and  Braintree,  were  to 
briety,  and  virtue :  they  should  be  removed  from  this  train  and 
begin  at  the  proper  end,  become  forwarded  on  the  branch  lines 
moA  and  \-inuous  citizens,  and  po-  from  Witham  to  these  towns.  The 
litical  power  would  come  to  them  train  wns  an  unusually  long  one. 
— all  these  advantages  must  come  and  the  end  was  eeventl  hundred 


DEC]                    CHRONICLE.  167 

jards  distant  from  the  station,  ex-  18.  ELEcrrON   for  tiie  West 

tending,  indeed,  about  thirty  yards  Ridiho  of  York. — The  succession 

under  and  beTOnd  the  bridge  on  of  Viscount  Morpeth  to  tiie  Earl- 

the  liigh  road  from  Chipping-bill  dom  of  Carlisle  vacated  his  seat 

to  the  town.  On  the  porters  coming  for  the  West  Riding,  and  gave  rise 

to  the  magazine,  thej  removed  the  to  a  contest  of  much  interest.  The 

barrels,   placing    them   upon   the  candidates  were  Mr.  Deniaon,  who 

ground  until  the  train  should  have  had   for  many  years   represented 

moved  on.     But  just  at  this  time  the  Riding,  but  who  bad  been  dis- 

the  mail  train   was    seen  to  be  placed  at  the  general  election  in 

coming  up  the  line  near  the  station,  favour  of  Mr.   Cobden,  and  Sir 

and  the  porters  therefore  imme-  Culling    Eardley    Eardley.      Mr. 

diately  left  the  luggage  train   to  Denison  is  a  steady  conservative, 

attend  to   the  mail.     While  the  Sir  Culling  Eardley  a  radical,  and 

mail  was  waiting,  the  luggage  train  a  violent  opponent  of  the  Church 

moved  on,  but  for  some  unaccount-  party.   The  contest  produced  more 

able  reason  the  position   of  the  speechifying  and   pamphleteering 

barrels  of  powder  seemed  to  have  than  has  attended  elections  of  late 

escaped  the  recollection  of  those  years.    The  result  was  in  favour 

who  placed  them  there,  and  the  of  the  old  member  bj  a  consider- 

mail  U^in,  having  changed  its  bags,  able  majority.     The  under-sheriff 

was  allowed  to  proceed ;  its  engine  stated  the  nambers  polled  to  be 

had  no  sooner  arrived  at  the  spot  t?     ht     r^     -                        1 1  hio 

,        ^,       .,       ,-Lj.^j  For  Mr.  Denison  .     ,     .     14,743 

S.'r.iZr.XL'lfpe  '^''JS  ""'"""  ■'"""n  -05 

drivrngJllheirBoulof  the«re.        ^"^ "■''" 

^^ISf'Z^re'ifiCjJ;  M*,i.,forM,.D=nU,..    ..94, 

and  tearing  up  port  of  the  per-  SO.    Bhifwheckb. — During  the 

manent  way,  by  which  the  train  storm  on  the  15th  instant,  a  Greek 

vras  almost  instantly  stopped.     On  vessel,  bound  from  Chios  to  Liver- 

the  arrival  of  the  porters  from  pool,  was  wrecked  near  Fetbard, 

the  station,  the  engine-driver  and  on  the  Wexford  coast    The  vessel 

fireman  were  found  both   thrown  etruckat  low  water;  when  the  tide 

back  upon  the  tender,  but  neither  rose,  the  waves  dashed  it  to  pieces, 

of  them  seriously  hurt,  which  was  Four  seamen  came  ashore  alive  on 

most  surprising,   considering  the  part  of  the  wreck ;  but  the  rest  of 

shock   the  engine  had  received,  the  people — the  master,  his  daugh- 

On  the  partial  clearing  away  of  tor,  and  twelve  mariners — perished, 

the  dense    smoke    in  which   the  The  bark  HoMtma  was  wrecked 

tnun  was  enveloped,  it  was  found  on  Cape  Wrath,  on  the  morning  of 

that  several  of  the  carriagee  were  the  16th  insteut,  when,  with  the 

very  much  shattered,  but  neither  exception  of  the  captain,  who  was 

the  pABsengen,  of  whom  there  wore  fortunate  enough  to   escape,  all 

six  or  eight  on  the  train,  nor  the  hands,  eleven  in  number,  perished, 

guard,  had  received  any  material  The  vessel  struck  with  tremendous 

injury,   although   they  were  very  violence ;    the   three   masts  went 

much  shaken  by  the  sudden  stop-  overboard  in  a  few  minutes ;  the 

ping  of  the  train,  and  alarmed  by  poop  was  then  washed  away  with 

the  loudness  of  the  report.  eight  of  the  crew,  who  were  dashed 


168            ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

to  pieces  an  the  rocks ;  the  otbers  contents  of  a.    gun   thim^  her 

were  dromed.     Tbe    vessel    was  bead.     The  bodv  presented  a  most 

ground  to  fragmeute  against  the  dreadfol  i^tpearance,  one  hair  of 

rocks.  tlie    head    being    literally  Uom) 

On  thenightoftheSOthinstaat,  ofT,  and  the  features  scarcely  re- 

tlie  ship  Braanu,  Captain  Matson,  cognisable.    Sarah  Barber,  boose- 

from  Hamburgh  to  New  Orleans,  maid  in  the  family  of  the  deceased, 

wilb  115  emigrants,  and  a  general  said  her  mistress  had  been  in  a 

cargo,  struck  and  drove  over  the  bad  state  of  health  lately,  but  she 

Goodwin,  and,  afl«r  losing  two  an-  had   kept  about      She   genenllj 

chors,  and  cutting  away  her  main  seemed  in  pretty  good  spirits.  Wil- 

andmizeniiia3t,and  losing  anotlier  ness  bad  been  out  wiui  her  mis- 

auchor-chain,  struck  on  tbe  Pan-  tress  in   the  morning,    and  had 

Band.    Tbe  crew,  20  in  number,  afterwards  gone  to  dust  the  draw- 

and  tbe  whole  of  the  emigrants  ing-room.    On  coming  down  stairs 

were  rescued  by  luggers  from  Mar-  she  met  the  cook,  and  went  into 

gate,  but  the  ship  went  to  pieces.  the   room,   nhicfa   smelt  of   gun- 

31.  Shockiko  Gatastrofhb. —  powder,  and  there  was  a  good  deal 
Five  poor  children  have  been  of  smoke  in  it.  Witness  was  much 
killed,  in  a  singular  and  distressing  alarmed,  and  ran  to  call  a  Mr:, 
manner,  at  Faversham.  John  Da-  Vear,  who  came  down  directly,  and, 
Tey,  their  father,  is  a  hawker,  who  upon  seeing  tbe  s[q>earance  pre- 
lives  and  travels  in  a  bouse  on  sented  by  the  deceased,  Mrs.  Vear 
wheels.  On  the  arrival  of  tbe  little  covered  her  head  over  with  on 
house  near  Faversham,  under  the  apron.  They  had  been  obliged  to 
care  of  the  eldest  girl  and  boy,  keep  knives  out  of  her  way  for 
the  latter  begged  some  straw  of  a  some  time.  Mr.  Goldatone,  sur- 
carler,  on  account  of  the  incle-  geon,  deposed  that  he  saw  the 
mency  of  the  weather.  The  girl  body  of  tbe  deceased  lying  beck 
took  the  straw  which  ber  brother  in  an  easy  chair,  the  bead  reclining 
brought,  and  was  putting  it  in  the  to  the  right  side.  Tbe  left  side 
house,  when  it  caught  fire.  The  was  very  much  shattered.  The 
boy  ran  away  in  terror ;  the  girl  face  had  dark  marks,  like  those  of 
screamed  and  fainted  :  some  la-  gunpowder.  A  portion  of  the  lower 
bourers  came  up,  and  dragged  the  jaw  was  driven  throi^h.  The 
house  into  a  field,  that  it  might  do  dmrge  appeared  to  have  gone 
no  harm  on  the  road.  On  putting  through  the  mouth ;  the  left  side 
out  the  flames,  tbey  found  that  of  tbe  bead,  and  a  large  portion 
fire  other  children,  all  under  the  of  its  contents,  were  carried  away, 
^e  of  eight  years,  had  been  im-  The  poker  was  close  to  the  right 
prisoned  in  the  house,  and  been  band.  The  gun  was  lying  between 
u  rnt  to  death.  her  knees,  with  the  stock  on  the 

32.  SiHOOLAR  Suicide. — An  in-  ground  and  the  barrels  pointed 
quest  was  held  upon  the  body  of  towards  the  head.  It  appeared  to 
Mrs.  Twynam,  the  wife  of  Dr.  him  that  deceased  dischfurged  the 
Twynam,  of  Knowle  Hill,  near  gun  by  touching  the  trigger  with 
Bishopstoke.  Tbe  unfortunate  lady,  the  poker.  It  must  have  caused 
who  had  been  for  some  time  in  a  instant  death.  The  Jury  returned 
state  of  mental  depression,  de-  a  verdict  of  "  Temporary  Insanity." 
strayed  herself  by  discharging  tbe  96.  Disaster  at  ihe  Viotobia 


DEC] 


CHRONICLE. 


169 


Theatbe. — A  fatal  disaster  hap- 
pened at  the  Victoria  Theatre  ou 
"Boxing  Night."  An  immense 
crowd,  as  is  usual  on  that  evening, 
assembled  at  the  gallery  entrance, 
to  secure  good  places  for  a  sight 
of  the  pautomime.  On  the  open- 
ing of  the  doors,  the  staircase 
became  bo  crammed  tvitb  struggling 
persons  of  all  ages,  that  some  <h 
the  weaker  &inted.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  cries  of  "Murder,"  and 
"  Save  us !"  "  Save  ua !"  the  people 
at  the  bottom  of  the  sturs  refusing 
to  assist  the  retreat  of  those  en- 
deavouring to  escape  suSbcation, 
tbo  rails  of  the  staircase  were 
broken  down,  and  a  number  of 
persons  fell  over  on  the  heads  of 
the  crowd  below.  A  panic  aros& 
and .  in  the  rush  which  followed 
many  were  trampled  to  the  earth. 
Two  bojs  were  killed,  another  was 
serioHsly,  if  not  fatally,  injured, 
and  a  great  number  of  boys  and 
women  were  seriously  hurt  At 
the  coroner's  inquest  it  was  shown 
that  the  two  boys  died  of  sufibca- 
lion,  and  verdicts  were  returned  of 
"Accidental  Death,"  with  severe 
remarks  upon  the  insufficient  na- 
ture of  the  entrances  to  our  the- 
atres. 

S8.  Her  Majesty's  Fbivate 
Theatbe. — Her  M^esty  has  added 
to  the  circle  of  royal  amusements 
at  Windsor  Castle  the  performance 
of  the  choicest  pieces  of  our  dra- 
matic literature,  at  a  private  the- 
atre fitted  up  in  tlie  "  Rubens 
Boom."  The  performers  are  se- 
lected from  the  most  eminent  of 
the  corpi  dramatiqut,  without 
reference  to  rivalry  between  the 
diSerent  theatres.  This  patronage 
by  Her  Mt^es^  and  the  Court 
afforded  much  satisfaction.  It  is 
hoped  that  it  will  tend,  in  some 
degree,  to  restore  the  drama  to  its 
former  position  as  a  fashionable 


and  intellectual  amnsement.  It 
certainly  had  the  effect  of  so  doing 
in  some  degree ;  for  the  perform- 
ances being  repeated  in  London, 
at  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  with 
as  nearly  as  possible  the  same 
cast,  on  the  evening  following  the 
representation  at  Windsor,  the 
house  was  filled  by  a  crowded 
audience,  who  eagerly  flocked  to 
see  what  had  thus  been  stamped 
with  the  royal  approbation. 

The  play  selected  to  commence 
this  circle  of  entertainment  was 
Shakspere's  Merchant  of  Venice, 
with  the  following  cast : — "  Duke 
of  Venice."  Mr,  Diddear ;  "  An- 
tonio," Mr.  Rogers ;  "  Bassanio," 
Mr.  A.  Wigan  ;  "  Sahmio,"  Mr. 
Boyce;  "Salarino,"  Mr.  Conway; 
"  Gratiano,"  Mr.  Webster ;  "  Lo- 
renzo," Mr.  Leigh  Murray ;  "  Shy- 
lock,"Mr.CharlesKean;  "Tubal," 
Mr.  How  i  "  Launcelot  Gobbo," 
Mr.  Keeley;  "Old  Gobbo,"  Mr. 
Addison;  "Leonardo," Mr.  Field; 
"  Balthazar,"  Mr.  Clarke  ;  "  Ste- 
phano,"  Mr,  Coe;  "  Portia,"  Mrs. 
Charles  Kean ;  "  Nerissa,"  Mrs. 
Keeley;  "Jessica," Mrs.  Compton. 
Director,  Mr.  Charles  Kean ;  As- 
sistant-Director, Mr.  George  Ellis ; 
Prompter  and  Stage  Manager,  Mr. 
Frederick  Webster. 

These  graver  compositions  were 
usually  followed  by  a  popular  farce 
or  slight  comedy. 

Gold  Findino  ih  Califorkia. 
— A  discovery  which  will  probably 
affect  the  prosperity  of  eveiy  part 
of  the  known  world,  and  which 
will  certainly  extend  European 
civilization  into  parts  of  the  world 
which  otherwise  would  have  laid 
vftiste  for  ages,  has,  during  the 
latter  part  of  this  year,  become 
known  by  the  discovery  of  gold 
spread  in  unUmited  abundwce 
over  a  large  area  of  the  new  Ameri- 
can province  of  California.    The 


iro  ANNUAL    REGISTER.  [1848 

tale,  when  first  told,  ^peared  to  race,  each  on  hia  own  aoconnt,  md 

be  one  of  those  fkbles  for  which  tiie   devil   take  the  hindmost,  to 

that  part  of  the  world  has  become  reach  the  gold  region  first,  and  to 

celebrated ;  and  it  was  not  for  some  be  tbs  first  in  reaching  the  riren, 

lime  credited,  that  tbe  preoioas  among  tbs  sands  of  which  they 

metal  in  dust  and  lumps  was  to  find  the  object  of  their  porsoits. 

be  obtained  in  great  quantities.  This  picture  is  not  too  highly  co- 

without  the  aid  of  tools  or  any  ira-  loured.     It  is  beyond  sll  question 

plements,  by  whoever  was  on  the  that  gold,  in  immense  quantities, 

apot  to  gatherit.  The  matter  gradu-  is  being  found  daily  in  this  part  of 

ally  beoame  batter  authenticated,  our  territory,  and  that  eveiy  pnr- 

A  well-informed  American  journal  suit  of  trade  or  businesa  ia  aban- 

says :  —  "  From    the   various    ac-  doned.     If  the  product  is  as  great 

counts  that  have    been  received  as  it  is  represented  to  be,  and  the 

from  California  from  time  to  lime,  trouble  of  gathering  it  ao  alight, 

wittun  the  last  eight  months  or  a  it  will  efi'ect  great  ohanges  in  the 

year,  we  think  there  is  little  room  value  of  precious  metala  all  over 

to  doubt  that  that  newly  acquired  the  world. ' 
territoty  of  the  United  States  is        The  extent  of  the  district,  or  the 

rich,  to  an  extraordinary  and  almost  probable  value  of  the  treasure  di»- 

unparalleled    degree,    in    mineral  covered,  ia  notyet  ascertained,  and 

resources.    We  were  not  disposed  It   is   not   the    province  of   this 

to  place  much  reliance  on  the  first  "  Ciibohiclb  "  to    do    more  than 

statements  which  we  got  thence,  record  the  fact  and  the  wonder- 

because  the  finding  of  gold  among  ful  excitement  which  followed  it« 

the  sands  of  rivere,  in  such  large  announoement.    Another  account 

quantities  aa  were  represented,  is  says: — 

^together  unprecedented.  Instead        "  Adverting,  in  the  first  place, 

of  the  accounts  first  received  thence  to  the  foots  of  the  case,  we  find 

being  exaggerations,  they  were,  if  that  those  now  before  na  fully  oon- 

the  intelligence  recently  received  firm  the  previous  statements.  The 

from  that  country  ia  to  be  credited,  supply  of  the  '  precious  metal ' — 

rather  within  the  truth.    The  ex-  now  'precions'  no  longer— is  io- 

citement  in  that  territory  on  the  dared  by  intelligent  eye-witnoeses 

subject  is  increasing,  too ;  old  and  to  be  literally  inexhaustible,  and 

young,  male  and  female,  the  halt,  the  American  aasayers  find  that 

and  we  verily  believe  the  blind,  the  quality  of  the  gold  is  not  in- 

too,  are  on  their  way  to  the  land  ferior  to  its  quantity.    The  con- 

of  promise  and  gold,  cup  and  tin  sequence  of   this  dtsoovery  is  a 

kettle  in  hand,  to  avail  themselves  complete  revolution  of  society.  In- 

of  the  riobes  so  unexpectedly  de-  numerable  bands  of  emigrants  are 

Yel<q>ed.    The  men  of  the  sea  vie  hastening  to  the  scene  of  action 

with  those  of  the  land  in  pursuit  from   ell  parts  of  the   Ameriean 

of  the  treasiura— the  occupant  of  continent, — from  the  Canadian  dia- 

the  bench  is  capsized  in  endeavour-  tricta  especially ;  and,  to  borrow  a 

ing  to  outran    the    sheriff;    the  comprehensive   phrase  of  a  local 

lawyer  joatles  against  his  client ;  writer,  '  the  whole  country  is  now 

the  farmer  and  mechanic   throw  moving  on  the  mines.' 
aside  their  implements,  and  there         "  Monterey,  San  Francisco,  So- 

is  nothing  but  a  busy,  exciting  nora,  San  Jose,  and  Santa  Cruz 


DEC] 


CHRONICLE. 


171 


are  draiued  of  their  male  inhabit- 
ants, and  B  Btranger  arriving  at 
an^  of  those  cities  would  suppose 
he  had  am*ed  among  a  race  of 
women,  who,  by  some  anomalous 
provision  of  nature,  multiplied  their 
images  without  the  presence  of 
the  other  sex.  Every  bowl,  tray, 
wanning-pan,  and  piggin  have 
gone  to  the  mines— everything, 
in  short,  that  has  a  scoop  in  it  that 
will  hold  sand  and  water.  All  the 
iron  has  been  worked  up  into  crow- 
b&re,  piohaxes,  and  spades.  And 
all  these  roll  back  upon  us  in  the 
shape  of  gold.  We  have  therefore 
plenty  of  gold,  but  litde  to  eat, 
and  still  less  to  wear. 

"  Every  seaport  as  &r  south  as 
Ban  Diego,  and  every  interior  town, 
and  nearly  every  rancbo,  from  the 
base  of  the  mountains  in  which 
the  gold  has  been  found  to  the 
roission  of  San  Luis,  south,  has 
become  suddenly  drained  of  human 
beings — Americans,  CeJifomians, 
Indians,  and  Sandwich  Islanders  ; 
men,  women,  and  children,  indis- 
criminately. Should  there  be  that 
success  which  has  repaid  the  eflbrts 
of  those  employed  for  the  last 
month  during  the  present  and  the 
next,  as  many  are  sanguine  in 
their  expeotationB,  and  we  confess 
to  unhesitatingly  believe  probable, 
not  only  will  it  witness  the  de- 
population of  eveiy  town,  the  de- 
sertion of  every  rancho,  and  the 
desolation  of  the  once  promising 
crops  of  the  country,  but  it  will 
also  draw  largely  npon  adjacent 
territories — awake  8onorB,and  call 
dovrn  upon  us,  despite  her  Indian 
battles,  a  great  many  of  the  good 
people  of  Oregon. 

"  At  present  the  people  ere  mu- 
ning  over  the  country  and  picking 
it  out  of  the  earth  here  and  there, 
just  as  a  thousand  hogs,  let  loose 
in  a  forost,  would  root  up  ground- 


nuts. Some  get  eight  or  ten 
ounces  a  day,  and  the  least  active 
one  or  two.  They  make  the  most 
who  employ  the  wild  Indians  to 
bunt  it  for  them.  There  is  one 
man  who  has  60  Indians  in  his 
employ ;  his  profits  are  a  dollar  a 
minute.  The  wild  Indians  know 
nothing  of  its  value,  and  wonder 
what  the  pale  faces  want  to  do 
with  it ;  they  will  give  an  ounce  of 
it  for  the  same  weight  of  coined 
silver,  or  a  thimblefull  of  glass 
beads,  or  a  glass  of  grog;  and 
white  men  themselves  often  give 
an  ounce  of  it,  which  is  worth  at 
our  Mint  18  dollars  or  more,  for  a 
bottle  of  brandy,  a  box  of  soda 
powders,  or  a  plug  of  tobacco.  As 
to  the  quantity  which  the  diggers 
get,  take  a  few  facts  as  evidence  : — 
'  I  know  seven  men  who  worked 
seven  weeks  and  two  days,  Sun- 
days excepted,  on  Feather  River; 
they  employed  on  an  average 
60  Indians,  and  got  out  in  these 
seven  weeks  and  two  days  375 
pounds  of  pure  gold.  I  know 
the  men,  and  have  seen  the  gold, 
and  know  what  they  state  to  be  a 
&ot — so  stick  a  pin  there.  I  know 
10  other  men  who  worked  10  days 
in  company,  employed  no  Indians, 
and  avoreged  in  those  10  days 
1600  dollars  eaob;  eo  stJok  an- 
other pin  there.  I  know  another 
man  who  got  oot  of  a  basin  in  a 
rock,  not  larger  than  a  washbowl, 
S^  lbs.  of  gold  in  19  minutes;  so 
stick  another  pin  there.  Not  one 
of  these  statements  would  I  believe, 
did  I  not  know  the  men  personally, 
and  know  them  to  be  plain  matter- 
of-fact  men  —  men  who  open  a 
vein  of  gold  just  as  coolly  ee  you 
would  a  potato  hill.' " 

"  Thus  far  the  gold  has  been 
obtained  in  the  most  primitive 
manner,  by  washing  the  earth  iu 
tin   pans,    wooden   bowls,    Indian 


172 


ANNUAL    REGISTER, 


[1848 


baskets,  ftc.  The  average,  I  am 
told,  baa  been  16  dollars  per  da^ 
for  each  man  engaged,  and  the 
deeper  the  eoil  ia  dug  the  richer 
it  becomes.  Oae  man  obtained 
over  30  dollaxs  in  one  vrashlng — 
say  18  minutes.  I  was  told  by  an 
old  miner  that  not  more  than  one- 
balf  of  the  gold  is  secnred  in  the 
present  rude  careless  way  of  work- 
ing. With  a  proper  machine  and 
the  use  of  quicksilver,  double  the 
amount  could  be  taken  from  the 
same  soil.  The  largest  amount 
taken  by  one  person  in  one  day 
was  200  dollan.  The  pieces  are 
of  an  extraordinary  size,  me  lareest 
weighing  half  an  ounce.  The 
mountAina  have  been  explored  on 
every  aide,  and  gold  found  in  eveir 
creek.  It  is  the  opinion  of  all, 
that  30,000  or  40,000  persons 
could  be  profitably  employed  on 
the  ground  now  explored.  Nor  is 
gold  the  only  mineral  discovered 
here.  Flalina  has  been  found  in 
one  place  in  eome  considerable 
quantity;  and  very  extensive  mines 
of  silver  ore  have  recently  been 
discovered  within  five  miles  of  the 
aaw-mill,  and  ore  said  to  be  very 
lich.  Iron  is  also  abundant,  and 
will  pay  about  65  per  cent" 

As  the  wonders  of  the  "  gold 
diggings"  became  known,  the  most 
nngovemable  excitement  seized 
the  minds  of  mankind,  and  the 
rush  thither  from  all  parts  of  the 
world  was  unparalleled.  The  whole 
coasts  of  South  America,  the  colo- 
nists of  Australia  and  New  Zea- 
land, the  Spaniards  from  Luconia, 
Mala^  and  Chinese  precipitated 
themselves  on  to  the  desired  spot. 
In  England  ships  were  fitted  out 
for  emigrants,  and  by  joint-stock 


speculators  by  scores,  companies 
were  fanned,  many  tradesmen  sold 
their  goods  and  embariied  as  ad- 
venturers for  the  new  El  Dorado. 
In  the  United  States  the  insanity 
was  more  irrepressible.  Strange 
to  say,  the  people  of  these  States 
are  further  from  their  own  province 
than  almost  any  other  of  ue  emi- 
grating nations.  The  nearest  route 
from  New  York  is  down  to  the 
Isthmus  (BO  days),  across  to  Glut 
gres,  and  thence  to  San  Francisco, 
(37U0  miles),  but  this  is  st  the 
best  a  journey  of  some  months ; 
although  there  is  no  difficulty  in 
getting  to  the  Isthmus,  there  are 
no  conveyances  beyond,  and  thore 
the  adventurer  is  stopped  in  mid 
course  in  a  deadly  r^on.  The 
next  course  is  round  Cape  Horn 
(17,000  miles);  this  is  a  voyage  of 
seven  months.  The  other  conrse 
is  across  the  deserts ;  but  this 
route  of  3000  miles  from  the  fron- 
tier point  can  be  performed  only 
by  stages  of  15  miles  a  day,  and 
is,  in  bet,  not  practicable  for  par- 
ties of  more  than  ten  or  a  dozen, 
so  that  an  adventurer  starting  from 
London  would  get  to  California  in 
less  time  and  for  less  money  than 
one  from  New  York.  Neverthe- 
less, ships  in  hundreds  were 
shortly  to  be  seen  flying  down  the 
coast  of  South  Amonca  on  the 
double  voyage ;  and  it  is  computed 
that  the  immediate  emigration  to 
the  auriferous  province  will  not 
fall  short  of  5U,000  persons.  Thus 
Divine  Providence  turns  the  ava- 
rice of  mankind  to  the  most  bene- 
ficent purptnes,  and  peoples  desert 
places,  and  brings  strange  lands 
under  the  blessings  of  civilization. 


b,GoogIc 


APPENDIX    TO    CHRONICLE. 


The  MINISTRY,  as  it  stood  at  the  Opening  of  the  Session 
of  Parliament,  November  IQth,  1847. 


IN  THE  CABINET. 


Firtt  Zord  of  Ike  Treaivry       ....  Right  Hon.  Lordjohn  RiusdI. 

Lord  CKoncaAir Right  Hon.  Lord  Cotlenhun. 

Ckancdhr  of  Ike  Exchequer      ....  Ri^l  Hon.  Sir  Charlei  Wood. 

Praidtnt  of  the  Coimcil Most  Hon.  Horauii  of  Luudowne. 

Pring  Sad Right  Hon.  Eiri  of  Mints. 

Home  SKrclary Right  Hon.  Sir  George  Grejr. 

Foreigjt  Secretary Bight  Hon.  Viicount  nlmenton. 

OJbwial  Secretary Kght  Hon.  Eirl  Grer. 

FirH  Lord  of  tht  AdmtroHf     ....  Right  Hon.  Eari  of  Aucklanil. 

PreadenloflheSoardofControi.     .     .  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  Cud  HoUiouM. 

Prtndtnl  of  the  Board  of  Trade   .     .     .  Right  Hon.  H.  Lahouchere*. 

Patfuatter  of  the  Forcee Right  Hon.  T.  B.  Muxula;. 

Paetmait^-Geiterai Moat  Hon.  M>rqui>  of  Clanricanlc. 

ChmueBor  of  the  Dudiy  ofLaneaiter      .  Right  Hon.  Lord  Campbell. 

Woodea„dForeeU J  Higt^Hj^^.  Vi«oui.t  (lorpelh  (Eari  of 

NOT  IN  THE  CABINET. 

Comma»der-in-Chief Duke  of  Wellington. 

Mtutir-GenaalnflheOrdiuace    .     .     .  Most  Hon.  MBrquii  of  Anglesej'. 

Vux-Prmdent  J^ the  Board  of  Trade     .  Right  Hon.  T.  Milner  Gibson. 

Matter  of  the  Mint Right  Ron.  R.  L.  Sheil. 

Secretary  at  War Right  Hon.  Pox  Maule. 

OiUf  Secretary  far  Irehnd Right  Hon.  Sir  W.  M.  SomerTilte,  Bl. 

Attorn^/- General Sir  J.  Jervia,  Kat. 

SoHcitor-Getieral Sir  David  Duodu,  Kot. 

SCOTLAND. 

Lord  Advocate  of  Scotland       ....  Right  Hon.  Andrew  Rulhofurd. 

SoUeitaT-GemeralJiir  Scotland       ,     ,     .  Thoma*  Mutland,  Emi. 
IRELAND. 

Zord  ZieuleKanl Right  Hon.  Ead  of  Clarendon. 

Lord  CianceJZffr Right  Hon.  Maziere  Brad]'. 

AltoTMi^  Oe/ieral Right  Hon.  Richard  Moore. 

Satiator-Genaal Jame*  Ktttrj  Honaban,  Eu^ 

HOUSEHOLD  APPOINTMENTS. 

Lord  Chawitrbiin Right  Hon.  Earl  Spencer. 

Lord  Steward Right  Hon.  Eari  Porteacue. 


Right  Hod 
Doke  of  N 


Matter  of  the  Horee    . 

MietrmoftheRtAee DucbeM  of  Sutherland. 

■  Changei  dunnq  tKe  Year. — Eari  Granville,  Faymailrr  of  the  Foreee,  in  the 
room  of  the  Right  Hon.  T.  B.  Macaula;,  resigned,  and  Vict-Pretidenl  of  the  Board 
of  Trade,  in  the  roooi  of  the  Right  Hon.  Thos.  M.  Giliwn.  reaigned.  Sir  J.  Romilj, 
Kt.,  Solieilor- General,  in  the  room  of  Sir  David  Dundu.  Kt.,  resigned.  Right  Hon. 
W.  G.  Hayter,  Judge-AdoocaU  Oenenl.  io  tlic  room  of  Riglil  Hon.  Charlei  Buller, 
•l^inled  Fint  Commiuioner  for  AdminiitiBtiaD  of  the  Poor  Lavi  (since  deceased). 
Ibeland. — Right  Hon.  James  Heorr  Monahan,  AUoma/~Oeneral,  in  the  room  of 
Right  Htm.  Riclurd  Moore,  now  a  Justice  of  the  Queen's  Bench.  John  Hatchell, 
Esq.,  SolkitoT-  Gfluro^  in  the  room  of  James  Henrj  MonabM,  Etq.,  now  Atloroe;- 
Gennal. 


174       ANNUAL     REGISTER,   1846. 


SHERIFFS  FOR  THE  YEAR  1849. 
.     Tbocui  Abbott  GiccD,  of  PaTenhun,  «*q. 

Jolin  Hoptcim,  of  "ndnunfa,  aq. 
.     WlliuD  Lowmle*,  of  ibe  Bwj,  in  Chabun,  taq. 
'  I  Jofan  Uojet  Hetbcote.  of  CoDnington  Cvtle,  e>q. 


,  Htrtfordthirt 
Herl/brdihire 


LactiUrthin 

Lineolntkin  . 

MoHmouthshire 

Norfolk     .     . 

Norlhamptanthir 

NorihMwbtrland 

JfoltinghanuRirt 

RuUandthirt . 
ShropMn    , 


Suffolk 

Warvickihire 
WMliMoHatid . 
WillMre  .  . 
Worce*tenkirt 
YorkMAin 


A.  CotytoD,  oq. 

Henry  Brooke  of  the  Onnge,  eiq. 

Str  Robert  Burddt,  of  Forenurk,  but. 

John  Sillibol,  of  Coombe,  e*q. 

John  Oooden,  of  Over  Complon,  eiq. 

Sir  Wiilwn  Eden,  of  WimUeHone  H«ll.  but. 
JBfia  Bhekwell  Cahm,  of  KngbBil   Hal),  Wdlaa 
I,     Holj  Cm*,  e*q. 

Williun  Cipet,  of  the  GroTe.  Puonrick,  etq. 

Robert  Maulkin  Lin^ood,  of  Lfstone  Home,  e*q. 

Williun  Parker,  of  Wire  Pirk,  eiq. 

John  AihleyWerrejOf  WettCIIRe,  St.  Lanrencs.'IliineCctq. 

Hear/  Freeman  Colemvi,  of  Evlngton  Hall,  esq. 

Richard  £lii*Dn,  of  Sudbrooke  Holme,  esq. 

Edward  Uarrii  Phltlipt,  of  Troaiant  Cottage,  esq. 

Wjrlej  Birch,  of  Wrethuo,  ciq. 

The  Hon.  Henr;  He\y  HutcblmoD,  of  Loii  Weeilon. 

George  Burdoii,  of  Heddon  Home,  ea^. 

Robert  Holden,  of  Nuttall  Temple,  eiq. 

Matthew  Pier*  Walt  Boulton,  of  Orett  Tew,  aq. 


a  Henry  Frandi  Plonden,  of  Plairden,  esq. 
Edward  Ajihford  Sandford,  of  Njitehead  Court,  eaq. 
Tba  Honourable  Frederick  Dough,  of  Peny  Barr. 


SouthoPtpton,  OnMiy  <if  John  Wood,  of  Theddon  Grange,  Alton,  eiq. 


Cha*  Andrew  Lord  HuntingGeld,  of  Hareningham  Hall. 
.     Lee  Steere,  of  JaTei,  Dorking,  aq. 
/  Sir   SotbertOD    Sranlhwayt    Peckbam    MickMbmit,    of 
-  \     Iridge  Place,  bart. 
,     Thomai  Dilke,  of  Mailoke  Caille,  etq. 
.      Earl  of  Thanel,  Hereditary. 
•    J.  H.  C.  Wyndham,  of  the  College,  Salisbury,  esq. 
.     JoKph  Frederick  Ledum,  of  NorthSeld,  ciq, 
.     Yarbuigh  Greame,  of  Sowerb;,  esq. 

WALES. 
.     £ir  Harry  Dent  Goring,  of  Tryiglwyn,  bart 

Henry  Willianu,  of  Penptuit,  eiq. 
.     George  Auguitut  Huddart,  of  Brynkyr,  etq. 
i     Sir  Jaraet  Willianu,  of  Edwinifbrd,  esq. 
,    Jainet  Buwen,  of  Twedyrauer,  etq. 
n  Yorke,  of  Erthig,  eaq. 


CarmBrlheatiire 

Card^iBulUre 

DtMfkMn 

FlinltAin Sir  William  Henry  Gierke,  of  Mertyn.  bait. 


..Google 


MerioiuthikiTt    . 
PaAnkednr*    . 


London  and  iSlUlaex . 


APPENDIX    TO    CHRONICLE.  175 

TboiDM  Williun  Booker,  of  Velindia,  CM). 

Wiirum  Lut«ner,  of  Dolern,  eiq. 

Hugh  Jonn,  of  Gwemddelwa,  oq. 

Oneo  Owen,  of  Cwmgloyne,  etq. 

Jobn  Edmrdi,  of  Beguildj,  etq. 
Eieledbj  He  Liveby  t^Lomhi, 
r  Tlioniu  Q.  PinDii,  oq.,  aid. 
l  Jmcob  E.  Ooodhait,  Mq.     ' 

IRELAND. 

AtUrim Ch«rle«  M'GureU,  of  Mighenmounie  Hou*e,  Lanw,  eiq. 

Armagh William  Venwr,  of  Church  Hill,  Moy,  oq. 

Carhie Samuel  Elliot,  of  Racrogue,  Carlow,  eiq, 

CoTTtd^ttgta  Tov*     .  Jwmi  Cowbd,  of  Bam  CotUge,  Cordckfetpii,  nq. 

Caem Richard  Fox,  of  White  Park.  KilleBbuidra,  at^. 

Chn Heorj  Slenart  Burton,  of  CanigahoU  Cutle,  Kilkee,  eaq. 

COrh Hon.  W.  H.  White  Hcdgei,  of  Macroom  Cartle,  Macroom. 

Cork  CUy      ....  Tbomat  Somerrille  Reerei,  of  Cork,  etq. 

Diaugal Benjamin  Oeale  Humfre;,  of  Cavanaoor,  LiSbrd,  etq. 

i>in(m R.  B.  Houiton  of  OrangeGeld,  Belfut,  etq. 

rhoghtda  Tbion.    .     .  Jamei  Matbem,  of  Mount  Hanover,  Drojfheda,  etq. 

JhibS» Robert  Shaw,  jun.,  of  Kimmage  Home,  Kimmage,  etq. 

JTkUtii  Citf  .     .    ■    •  HcDTy  Snejd  French,  of  Mountjojr  Square,  Dublin,  etq. 

Fcrmajtagk     ....  Jobn  Madden,  of  Spring  Grort,  CIodm.  etq. 

flWauy Francii  Blake,  of  Creg  Cattle,  Clare,  Gatwij,  esq. 

GaliBay  Town    .     .     .  Thomaa  A.  Jojce,  of  Rabaion,  Loughrea,  esq. 

Kerry William  Talbot  Croabie,  of  Ardfert  Abbej,  Ardfert,  esq. 

KUdart Colonel  Sir  Rowland  Euitace,  of  Kinneat,  Kildare. 

KUktKKf William  Villienatuart,ofCaftletown,CaTrick-on-Suir,e«q. 

XUitmif  Cily     .     .    .  GeoigB  R«ade,  of  Kilkenny,  etq. 

King'*  County    .     .     .  Charlet  Bany  Baldwin,  of  ParliaowTit  Street,  London,  esq. 

Ltilrim George  Lane  Pox,  jun.,  of  Dnimahair,  etq. 

Zimeridk Francii  Goold,  of  Dramada,  Limerick,  eaq. 

Xi'ixncjl  Citjf     .     .     ,  Henry  Mauntell,  of  Llnericki  etq. 

Londo«d^ai!f<n,d\  j^^^  Sterenion.  of  Fortwilliam,  Tobbennore,  ciq. 

Longfiird Edward  Ledwlth,  of  Ledwitbslonn,  Bullymshon,  esq. 

I.MuA MileiWillhmO'Reltly,  of  Knockabbey  Cattle,  Louth, e»). 

Mago Charlei  Lionel  Kirwan,  of  Dalgan  Park,  Headfocd,  etq, 

Mtalh Henry  B.  Coddington,  of  Old  Bridge,  Dro^nda,  etq. 

Monagkon     ....  Edward  W.  Lucai,  of  Cailleibaiie,  Montgfaan,  eaq. 

Quern'*  Comas  ■     •     •  ^o^"  ^-  Leckie,  of  Coolbrook,  Cretlyvd,  e>q. 

Reaeommon    ....  Jamet  Klrknood.  of  Hughettown,CarTick-on-Shannon,e<q. 

Sligo Edward  Honley,  of  Belleck  Castle,  Ballina,  etq. 

T^pptran/     ....  Richard  Pennelatber,  of  Knockeevan,  Clonmel,  e*). 

TVroM A,  Ferpuon  Knox,  of  Umey  Park,  Slnbane,  etq. 

Waierjotd     ....  Simon  Bagge,  of  Ardmore  House,  Ardmorc,  etq. 

Waleifird  City  .     ■     .  W.  3.  S.  Doyle,  of  Newton,  Waterfbrd,  esq. 

Wtttmeath     ....  Jamet  N.  M.  Berry,  of  Ballinigall,  Mulliogar,  etq. 

Wexfiml VitcMint  Stopfbrd,  of  Courtown  Houte,  Gate;. 

Widdom Lord  Br»b«U)U,  of  Kilruddeiy.  Bray. 


..Cioogic 


176        ANNUAL    REGISTE  R,  1848. 

BIRTHS. 

_  At  Horebj  Hill,  York,  tbe  lad;  of 
■nTnoiTTc  TboBW*  Praiton,  eiq.,  a.  duighier. 

BIKIUO.  25.   At  the  H*U,  Grail  BeAlniMlead, 

the  lidy  or  T.  P.  Halnj,  n<h  H.f->  * 
1 QAQ  »oo,  «i(l-boni. 

•^0*°*  26.  Ai  Hodoet  Hill,  Sil<v.  Ml*.  Heber 

Percy,  a  diuifaler. 

JANUARY.  —  AtT««niDouth,theUdyofC»plilD 

F.J.  Meik,  H.P.  leth  LuHxn,idwjxhier. 

■ "         .........  2j    ,jj  Pifk.«tje«,  ibe  Udy  R.  Grov 

—  In  Greek-rtreet,  Soho,  Hn.  Lewii 
C.  Hertilel,  i  Km. 

2S.  InChapel-itreeI,Gro(TenDr-«]iiire, 
Ibe  Lidy  Hargiret  Milbink,  icUnghler. 

29.  At  TnUll,  Mn.  PUotigenet  So- 
Ihe     menet,  ■  Km. 

r.  30.  At  Hddfart  Hoiue,  Kelb,  Me«h, 

the     the  Counten  oF  Bectire,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Claybrooke  Hall,  the  lidy  of  H. 
ETerard,  etq.,  i  wn  and  beir. 

ai.  AlBickfard  Hill, Hri.  Holt  Glegg, 


0.  AlSoutbimpton,  IheladjofLieuL- 


K  a  daugbb 
un-ptice,    Brompton, 
Udy  of  T.  Irvin,  en.,  a  wn. 

—  At  Earlham  Lodge,  Nonrich,  Mre. 
JoliD  Gumey,  a  loii. 

8.  In    Bcdetfon-iquire,   the   ladr  of 
CipL  H.  G.  Himilton,  R.  N. ,  a  diughler. 

—  Tba  lady  of  William  L.ongiiua,eiq., 
«f  Hyde  Park-iquire,  a  daughter. 

9.  At  Hanorer,  the  Prince«  Royal,  a 

—  At  EUnford  Court,  WorceMenhire, 
the  Lady  WianinKton,  a  aon  and  heir.  .    _ 

—  At  Dane  End,  Herta,  the  lady  nf     Lady  Hconiker,  a 

H.  E.  Surteei,  etq.,  a  daughter.  —  At  Siafford  Home,  the  Duebeu  oT 

—  At  Balb,  the  lady  of  George  H.  Sutherland,  a  diuahter. 

iUellon,  eiq.,  a  duighler.  _  Al  Tetworth  Hall,  HudU,  the  lidy 

10.  In    Ruaell-M{uire,    tbe    Wy    of    oF  Chariei  Jame*  Baroeit,  esq.,  a  dauKhter. 
Jimei  Runell,  eiq.,  Q.C.,  a  daughter.  —  At  Auchlunkart  Uouw,  BaoBUiire, 

l±  At  Deniton  Hall,  Sullblk,  ifie  Lady  Mrt.  Sleuart,  a  u>n. 

Keine,  a  duishler  —  At  GoverDuient  Houie,  ItleotMan, 

14.  At  Chichester,  the  lady  of  Capl.  the  Lady  lubella  Him,  a  aon. 

Johnion,  Colditreain  Guardi,  a  daughter.  5.   At   Drayton    Kouw,   Noriblk>  the 

18.  At   Dittiiham,  the   Lady    Henry  lady  of  Fnndi  Weaton  Brulihaw,  CM].,  a 

" —  a  daiwfater.  — 


FEBRUARY. 

».  In   Hunillon-plMe,  Piccadilly,  Ibe 
Hon.  Mrt.  Richard  Boyle,  ■  ku. 

in  PortUnd-place,  tbe  Right  Hon. 


17.  TheUdyofP.  Fa«rellBuilon,esq., 
a  duighler. 

—  At  Couritand  Houw,  Wett  Clifton, 
the  lady  of  F.  Elton,  etq.,  a  ton. 

18.  At  Loiwood  Houae,  Suisel,  the 
ladf  of  John  King,  oq.,  a  diughler. 

19.  At  Torquay,  tbe  Hon.  Mn.  T.  C. 
Skeffinf(lon,  a  ton. 

20.  In  Bryanalon-Miuare,  the  Udr  of 
Edward  Dawion  eiq.,  of  Whalton  mil, 
Leicedenhire,  a  ion. 

2L  In  EatoD^nare,  the  Viicounieii 
Aden,  a  daughter. 

_  At  Kilbriltiin  Cutle,  co.  Cork,  the 
bdy  of  Capt.  Alcock  Stowell,  i  daughter. 

22.  At  MoRit  Koute,  the  Han.  Mre. 
Hope  r 

23.  .,.,.. 

bclh  Liwley,  a  daughli 


■riet-Mreet,  Berkeley -tquar.!. 


—  In  Old  Buriinglon-iti«et,  the  L«dy 
Theren  Digby,  a  daughter. 

6.  In  ChaHet- 
tliC  Counleti  of  C 

—  In  SulKx-tquire,  the  Hon.  Mr. 
John  Gellibrand  Hubbard,  a  mn. 

7.  At  Warier  Barrocki,  Ibe  lady  of 
LieuL-Colonel  L(->lie.  a  daughter. 

—  At  Whitehall,  Devon,  the  lady  of 
Stanley  Lone,  esq.,  a  aon. 

9.  At  Highden,  Sunex.  tbe  ladr  of  Sir 
Harry  Dent  Goring,  bart.,  ■  daugnler, 

—  At  Lincoln,  the  lady  oF  G.  T.  W. 
Sibthorp,  etq.,  a  aon. 

—  At  WittoD  Park,  Lancariuie,  ibe 
tidj  of  H.  M.  Feildcn,  esq.,  a  ion. 

10.  At  Neville  Hoiue,  Brighton,  the 
lady  of  Alexander  Donoran,  eaq,  of  Pram- 
Seld-place,  SuEsei,  a  daughter. 


V 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  177 

BIRTHa 

—  In   Ealon-tquare,   the   Viicounten 
Melgund.  B  •on. 

-—  The  tad;  of  R.  J.  B«Dtlej,  e«i.,  of 
Ei3t<rood  Haute,  neu-  Rolherham,  >  ton. 

24.  At  Fiu,  Lady  Cnwfurd,  >  wo. 

25.  In    EUon-pUce   Weat,  the   Lid; 
Eliiabeth  Runell,  a  ton,  itill-boni. 

—  Al  Antwerp,  the  July  of  R.  Burdett, 
em.,  a  ton. 

27.  Al  Hildentone  Hall,  near  Sitford, 
the  Jadj  of  Johii  Boume,  eat).,  ■  aoD  and 


_  Al  Lilletball,  Salop,  the  Ud;  of  (be 
Rer.  H.  O.  Budkd,  a  daughter. 

11.  At  Singleton,  the  lat^  of  H.  Hunej 

12.  In  Eaton  a<)uare,the  Lad}' Paking- 
ioa,  a  BOD. 

—  At  Foxcote  Home,  Warwickihini, 
the  ladjr  of  John  V.  Gandalfi,  ew).,  a 
daughter. 

—  At  the  WiUotra,  Eaiex,  Mi*.  D.  U. 


The  lady  of  Reginald  H.  Ciaufiird, 
irdland  Caitle,  a  daughter.  '£o.  ni 

14.  At  Rockbon   Court,  Deron,  the      Chelsea,  a 


Putney     Heath,    Vucounten 


.  At    Bolner   Lodge,    Suaux,  the 


lad;  of  Lieut- Col.  Daly,  m.  daughter. 

15.  At    Boloer   Lodj 
lady  of  Jamei  Henry  i 

—  In   Caiendiah-Bquare,  the  lady  of 
W.  Archer  Sbee,  esq.,  a  daughter. 

16.  In     Henrietta-ilrect,     Caveadbh- 
■)uare,  the  lady  of  Capt.  Mannera,  R.  N., 


the   Lady   Charlotte  Wobon  Tsyf 
dau^ler. 

—  Al  Corfu,  the  lady  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Bnbeit  Walpole,  Deputy  Quarter- mailer- 
Oeiteral  in  the  Ionian  luanda.  ■  aon. 

—  Al  Tnfa^ar,  Willi,  the  Counten 
Nelun,  a  daughter. 

IT.  At  Moncieifle  Houie,  Perlhihire, 
Ibe  Lady  Louili  MoncreiSe,  a  daughter. 

18.  In  Lowsdei-aqiure,  the  Lady  Mary 
EgcrtOD,  a  daughter. 

—  Id  Wilton'^:reM:ent,  the  L*dy  Gear- 
giana  Romilty,  a  ion. 

19.  Al  Braniby  Lodge,  York,  the  lady 
of  Henry  P.  Cholmelej,  eiq.,  s  daughter. 

—  At  Donnington,  Berlu,  Ibe  lady  of 
Cu)tain  Hayei,  R.N.,  a  ion. 

20.  At  DorcheMer,  the  lady  of  Arthur 
Dyke  Ackland,  esq.,  a  son. 

21.  At  Wootton  Court,  Kent,  the  lady 
of  Captain  it.  P.  Radclifle,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Miidalone,  the  lady  of  Captain 
Read,  9lh  Lancen,  r  — 


—  In  Ruaaell-iquare,  the  lady  of  John 
Walter,  eiq..M.P.,>ion. 

—  At  Stroud  Lodge,  Ro*ene*lh,  the 
lady  of  Colonel  P.  Edmonitone  Cnigie, 
C.B..  Aide>de-Canip  to  the  Queen,  a 
daughter. 

W.  In  St.  Janm'i.iquaTe,  the  Counten 
of  Eglintoun  and  Winton,  a  aon. 

—  At  Shillinglee  Park,  the  Counlen 
of  Winlerton,  a  aon. 

—  At  Yeorilton  Rectory,  Someraet, 
the  lady  of  the  Rer.  Refrinild  Pole,a*on. 

Vol.  XC. 


MARCH. 

I.  At  Rockingham  Caitle,  the  Hon. 
Mr*.  Witwn,  a  ion. 

—  In  Nottingham -place,  the  lady  of 
Lancelot  Shadneli,  etq.,  a  daughter. 

—  At  RuObrd  HaU,  Udy  Arabella 
Heaketh,  a  ion. 

5.  At  Taoatock  Court,  Devon,  the  Udy 
of  Ednard  Weld,  eaq,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Rotne.  the  wife  of  Calverley 
Beoicke.  eiq.,  a  daughter. 

6.  In  CbeBter.lemce,  Regent'i  Park, 
the  lady  of  Captain  Edward  U.  Fanahawe, 
R.N.,B  daughter. 

—  Her  kfajeRy  the  Queen  of  Naples, 
a  prince. 

7.  The  Right  Hon.  Viuounlen  Forbea, 
•  dau^ter. 

9.  At  Wymondham,  Norfolk,  the  lady 
of  the  Rev,  Dr.  Bwjham,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Cheaham-place,  the  lady  of  Mr. 
Serjeant  Bain,  a  daughter. 

10.  At  BuroH  Houae,  Somerset,  the 
Udy  of  J.  K.  Blagrave,  eiq.,  a  aon. 

—  At  Richmond,  the  lady  of  W.  P. 
Goatling,  esq.,  a  aoo. 

II.  At  Cheltenham,  the  tidy  of  CqiL 
Hunt,  K.N-.  a  son. 

—  Al  Weil  Ronnton,  York,  the  lady 
of  Capt.  U.  B,  J.  Wynxard,  a  >on. 

12.  At  Bangatote,  the  lady  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Key,  16th  HuiuiB,  a  daughter. 

14.  At  Hilton  Park,  StaS:.  the  lady  of 
George  Veman,  esq.,  a  daughter. 

15.  At   Morden    Lodge,   Surrey,  the 


Eiterhuy,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Arlington-ilreet,  Piccadilly,  the 
Marchioneia  or  Saliabury,  a  son. 

la    At   BrinlOQ,   Norfolk,  the  lady  of 
John  Brereton,  esq.,  a  ion. 

—  In  Wimpole.alreet,lbeladyof  John 
Bright,  e«|.,  M.P.,  a  Km. 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  184a 

BIBTU& 


ita  Tojobee, 


—  Al  Bokoa  H>U,  ibe  Ud;  of  W.  U. 
O.  Powlelt,  a^.  >  dMgbler. 

aO.  At  CIm  li^iu,  SoBoiet,  (be 
Wj  of  Uw  BcT.  Ednrd  A.  Oam»aej.  a 


—  lo  Choto'-iqiure, 

r«IUr  WnNletln,  m  liiu^ 

SI.   Id  I'pfvr  Bcrkdej-Mreet,  tba  bdj 


WtlUr  WnNletln,  m  liiugfaUr. 

SI.    Id  Upper  Bcrkdej 
of  H.  G<>U*ini<l.  oq. 


-  A(  CbcUoiliuD,  the  Uij  of  l^or 
Bolloii,  5lb  Diwoon  GuanU,  ■  too. 

2$.  Al  Hatbeiugc  H>1>.  Derbjihire, 
the  bdj  of  John  S.  BhuUleworlfa,  oq.,  ■ 
dauihlcr. 

2S.   loArimg(on4ti«et,tlieL«]7Can>- 


In  Pvt-fibce.  St.  JuBci'i,  the  Ladf 

—  In  GbatCT-Moue.  tbe  hdj  of  A.  L. 
Godikrd.  an..  M.P.,  a  no  ud  beir. 

~  At  BUntoD,  the  bdf  of  Arcbdoooa 
Onneroil.  ■  Hn. 

&  At  Utile  Sbarddod,  Amenbun, 
tbe  Ud7  of  Coknd  W.  T.  Drake,  ■  ml 

—  AiLceib,Ibeladjof  CapCTbMau 
Carpeoier,  K.  N.,  ■  dwtgfater. 

9    At  Gloueoteruiure,  Hyde  Pwi, 
*  e  Udr  of  Alex.  Mackinnoo,  oo., 
10.  The  lai^  of  CoL  G.  H.  Thoi 


—  At  Bedford,  the  bdf  of  O.S.  Har- 
Muit,  eu.,  a  dauffbler. 

—  At  Dorfnid  HalU  ChtMn.  Hn. 
Wilbtabam  Tolleiuche,  a  Mm. 

Se.  At  Beriin,  the  lad;  of  the  Hon. 
Henry  Howard,  Secretarj  lo  Her  Brilannic 
MtftHy't  Lcgilion,  a  ton. 

—  At  Sd'necat  Hill,  Sutton,  the  Hon. 
Mn.  SidnevRowr  Cunoa,  aun  aodbeir. 

_  At  Newbam  Hall,  Durhaut,  the 
Udf  of  Jamea  Cookton,  «iq.,  a  ton. 

29.  The  lady  of  J.  P.  BurreU,  eu.. 
UanoT  Houw,  Frimle;,  Surrey,  a  daugh- 
ter. 

80.  At  Bramham  Houm,  Yorkihiie, 
tb«  Hon.  MrL  Adolphui  Liddall,  • 
daughter. 

—  At  SL  Kalhariiw'i  Lodge,  Mr*. 
Bridge*  Taylor,  a  daugbier, 

81.  At  Hillon,  Peierborou^,  the  Vh- 
oounleH  Millon,  a  un. 

—  In    GrotveDor.Ureet,    Lady   Mary 


APRIL. 

1.  At  Mount  Boone,  Lady  Saale,  « 
daughter. 

S.  At  StrtUon,  near  Cirenceiler,  Lady 
Tancred,  a  daughter. 

_  At  Everingham  Park,  the  lady  of 
William  Caiutable  Muirelt,  en).,  a  >on. 

—  In  Portland-place,  the  ladyofLleuL- 
Col.  Ihe  Hon.  E.  *" 


^Udyd 
of  B<dton  Lodge,  a  duigfater. 

_  At  Uknmb-pkce,  Kent,  Ibe  Ladj 
Fraooe*  Pldcber,  a  daughter. 

11.  Al    EaM   UUl,    Wau' 


Phillusore,  en.,  a  danghier. 

)&  Al  Fulbam,  Ibe  Hon.  MrL  Biad- 
•haiT,  a  aoD  and  heir. 

14.  L«dy  John  BuaeU,  a  aon. 

15.  In  Montague.M.,  PennMa.«q. ,  the 
Udyofthe  Re*.  U.  VaoHltart,!  daughter. 

17.  At  Hmomlen  Haun,  N—^- — 


~  Id  Lowe 
a  daughter. 

19.  Al  Brufseli,  the  Hod.  Mn.  Edwaid 
Enkioe,  a  daugbier. 

--  At  Wot  Huntingdon,  the  lady  of 
Majw  G.  LiMer  K^e,  a  daughter. 

20.  Al  Tuimore  Park,  Oiod.,  the  Hon. 
Mr*.  Percy  Baningtoii,  a  iod  and  heir. 

"'     '      South-atreet,  the   lady  of  ih* 


ilgrai 


^  In  RullBnd.«qu«re,  Edinburgh,  the 
lady  of  Sir  Jams)  Gardiner  Baird,  but., 
of  Sauflhton  Hall,  Midlothian,  a  daughter. 
t  Carltun  Hail,  SufTolk,  Ihe  Udy 
.  DicLenwn,  sh.,  of  '  '  " 
Okuoeater,  a  ion  and  heir. 


P.  F.  Bluett,  oq.  a  aon. 

2a  The  Lady  Nofray*. 

S4.  !■   Che^aiii.at,  B< 
the  lady  of  Uw  Hon.  W.  E.'^tuiaiiiiae, 


25.  At    [he    Britiah    Muieum,    Lady 
Madden,  a  daughter. 

~  At  Fritwell  Houie,  Oion.,  the  lady 

Wilbraham,  a  dangh.     of  Thomaa  Tyrwhit  Drake,  an^  juQ.,  a 

daughter. 

26.  AttheCaitle,F 
the  Counlcea  of  Roma,  ■ 

—  At  Dyrham  Park,  Baraet,  the  Hon. 
Mn.  Trotter,  a  aon. 

27.  AIWirdourCa«le.lheladyoflhe 
Bi^t  Hon.  Lord  Aiunddl,  a  daughter. 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE, 

BIRTHS. 

—  At  AUmdile  Houm,  Wimfaome, 
Donct,  ih«  Udj  of  C*pt  Dougla)  Cun7, 
R.N.,aduii!hler. 

—  Al  DraiaglDn  Rectorr,  Silop,  the 
Hod.  Mn^  H.  Homd,  ■  Uill-boni  diild. 


179 


28.  In  E 
IDivetl.      ,. 

-  At  Alventoke  Rectoiy.  Huiti,  tb« 
MOT  of  the  Sev.  TbocnH  Walpola,  m  wn. 
aV.  At  MoultoD   Gnnge,  tha  Ud^  of 
H.  0.  Netbercoie,  e*q..  &  dauabier. 

Sa  AlRukillcur,  Fife.  N.a,tlie  Hon. 
Hn.  George  Williun  Hop*,  ■  un. 

Die  l*df  of  Genenl  Seirell,  ■  dnughler. 
Al  the  Gnu,  Wjodennere,  Ihe  ladf 
-  "-  Tlioit--  "  •^--  "--' 


ledy  of  RIchetd   Gully  BenoGl,  esq.,  ■ 

dBUifhter. 
a   AtGlbnllar.lbeUdf orLieut.-Col. 

Savage,  R.  S.,  a  dauDtter. 
10,   At  Watrord  Court,  Nonhunpton- 


of  Captaio  Sir 


In  Eaton-place,  the  ladj  of  W.  M. 
Milner,  en.,  a  um  and  heir. 

—  In  BerLeiey-«quare,  the  HoB.  Mil. 
Junea  Smart  Wortlej,  a  daughter. 

II.  AlWindaor,  the  lady  of  Captain!,. 
MackinDDD,  ColdMream  Guard*,  a  diugh< 

13.  In  BelgraT»«)iure,  Lady  Cecili* 
Dei  Voeul,  a  ion. 

_  AtBinfield,  Betka,tIieUd7ofCapt 
WHght,  R.N.,  a  daUEhler. 

19.  The   lady  of   iha    Hod.    Charlei 

—  In  BedfoTd-aquar*,  ihetadyof  Joha 
E.  Frera,  eu^,  Commander  R.N.,  a 
daugbter. 

U.  At  Sliide  Hill,  Ue  of  Wight,  the 
lad;  of  LieuL-Cokwel  E.  Napier,  « 
daughter. 

"  '  t  Holnte  Lodge,  York,  the  lady 
looMMle  Maiwell,  ew,,  a  daugh- 


1.  In  H 
He*.  Henty  Stebbing,  D.  D. .  ■  daughti 

2.  At  the  Hinel,  N.B.,  the  Counteu     of  K. 
of  Home,  a  ton.  ler. 

S.  AtOrtoo  Longueiille,  Bunliagdon- 
ihire,  the  Counlea  of  Aboyne,  •  KM. 

4.  In  DetoDahire.plaM,  the  lady  of  Sir 
John  Anion,  birt,  a  daughter. 

—  Al  Wokton  Manor  Houw,  War- 
«lckihir«,  the  lady  of  W.  Wilcox,  eng.,  a 
daughter. 

—  Al  CaMle  Kelly.  Oalwaj,  the  lady 
of  Cspt.  J.  P.  Hairkina,  R.E..  a  daughter. 

5.  At  HollTbrook,  County  Sligo,  the  Rer.  Iltyd  Nicboll,  a  daughtei 
lady  of  Sir  Thomai  Enkioe,  but.,  of  SS.  In  Orotvenor-iquare, 
Cautb,  FVethire,  a  daughter.  """    '  ''"  ""  '' 

—  In  Berkelej-ajuare,  Ibe  lady  of 
Sidne*  Smirke,  eaq.,  a  aon.  eiq.,  a  loa. 

— -  'At  Aurui^pbad,  the  bdy  of  Owl.         —  Al  Lcintwardlue,  Heraf.,  Iha  lady 
Hercula  Skinner,  Fouith  MUaml  C^     of  Lieut -Col.  Colrtn.  C.B.,  adauriiler. 


16.  Al  Codicote  Lodge,  Lady  Emily 
CMradiah,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Taliari^    Cann.,   the    Udy  of 
William  Peel,  eaq.,  a  »on. 

—  In  Belgrave-squarc,  the  Hon.  Mn. 
Fellowu,  a  ton  and  heir. 

17.  Al  Dresden,   the  lady  of  Leww 
Knioht  Bruee,  eaq.,  a  daushier. 

19.  At  Ryie,  I.  Vf.,  ttie  lady  of  tho 


tb«    Hon. 


lion,  ijaay  nrun,  •  aan. 
ley.  the  lady  of    Colottel 
Fiuilier  Ouank,  a  daushier. 
on-atnel,  Maybir,  IheXady 


>n  and  heir. 
&.  At  Brighton,  Lady  Pariah,  •  win. 

6.  At   Putm       "      '   ■       ■    -  ■ 
Enollya,  Scot!  I 

—  (n  Cuno 
Eliiabeth  Laioelles,  a 

—  Al  Blenheim  Palace,  the  Duchaaa 
of  Harlborouah,  a  daugfaler. 

7.  At'niirbuinCanle,Oxon,tbeLady 
Haiy  Parker,  a  daughter. 

—  Id  Che<ter-»|uare,  the  lady  of  A.  L. 
Ooddard,  aiq.,  M.  P.,  the  Lawn,  Swindon, 


-  At  TretUlian  Houm,  Caramll,  ihi 


I   Berkeley-iquare,    Lady  Sanh 
1,1  uuw,  ■  daughter. 

—  In  Chetlum-atreel,  BelgtaTB-aauan, 
Lady  Roae  Uvell,  a  ion. 

27.  At  ProRnal  Lodge,  Hamprtead,  the 
lady  of  tha  RaT.  Dr.  Saundan,  of  the 
Charterhoute,  a  daughter. 

—  Al  Cluny  CaMle.  N.B.,  the  lady  of 
Cluny  Macphenon.  ■  daugbler. 

—  The  Udy  of  Sir  Henry  Dunant, 
bart.,  of  Scoitow  Hall,  a  daugMer. 

28.  Al  ihe  Royal  Military  College, 
Sandhunl.  the  lady  of  Dr.  Naala.  a  ion. 

29.  At  Talacre.  Flintihire.  the  Hn. 
Lady  Moatvn,  a  ion. 

SO.  Al  I^mot*  CaMle,  IrataDd,  lb« 
lady  of  P.  E.  Currey,  e*q.,  a  daughter. 

N  a 


180        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

BIRTHS. 


—  In  Che>him-pl>ce,  BelgtaTc«tuBre> 
Ltdf  Loulia  Otwild,  a  ton  mid  heir. 
.    —  In  BJter-rtreet,  the  IsJj  of  Lieut.- 
Colonel   Arthur  Oniloit,   EcoU  FiMilier 
Gutnla,  •  ton  aad  heir. 


At  Cutk  Stralhdiui,   Perthihire, 
Ihe  Hon.  Mri.   Edmund   DrummaDdi  a 

2l.  At  Hun  HouK,  Surrej,  ibe  Hon. 
lin.  Frederick  Tollenuche,  ■  duigfater. 

^-  At  Cuthendecn,  Antrim,  the  Udy 
of  CaplUD  EdifutI   Holland,    R.N,,  ■ 


JUNE. 

9.  At  Hutswood  Caitle,  tho  Hon.  Mr* 
Va*uaur,  ■  aon. 

4.  Al  Cybrlha  Curie,  Ihe  ltd;  of  R. 
T.  Cramhay,  e>q.,  ■  daughter. 

—  In  Deronibire-pla^  Ihe  lady  of 
Sir  John  Anion.  bL,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Demn^ire-atreet,  Ibe  lady  of  C. 
C.  Cmpiirnv,  oq-i  •  >on. 

—  At  Windior,dieladyofLieul.-Col 
HoncrieS',   Scoti  Fuiiiier  Ouarda,   twin 

8?  A^tTiall  Pl«e,  Berk.,  the  lady  of  C. 
Morgaik,  tK\.,  King'!  Dragoon  Guarda,  a 

9.  At  Blackhealh  Park,  the  lady  of 
George  Robert  Slephenaoo,  en.,  a  »n. 

10.  Al   Broughty   House,   Forftnhire, 


ahire.  Ihe  Hon.  Hra.  Charlei  F.  0.  Spencer, 


12.  At  Huirtown  Houae.  Inveroev- 
ihire,  the  lady  of  Huntly  Duf,  eiq.,  of 
Muiitown,  a  Jaughler. 

la  In  ChuTea-tlreel,  fit.  Jamei'i- 
•qutre,  at  ibe  reaidence  of  Hi*  Oiaco  the 
Archbiahop  of  Armagh,  the  lady  of  George 
Dunbar,  eiq,,  a  aon  and  heir. 

—  At  GoiemmenI  Houae,  Newfound- 


a  dauffhlei 


iL-CoL 


Udy 


—  Al  Ipawich,  ihe  lady  of  Lie 
Sturt,  ■  dausbler. 

15.  At     BlendiTorth     Lodge, 
Knighton,  *  atill-bom  infant. 

16.  In  Lovadei-aKeel,  Belgrai«.«quBre, 
Lady  Brackenbury,  a  aon. 

17.  In  Audley-aquare,  ihe  VUcounleai 
Cunon,  B  daughler. 

la  Al  Lee  Park,  Blackhealh,  the 
wiikiw  of  C.  A.  Luahington,  eaq.,  Bengal 
.Civil  Ser*ice,  a  daughter. 

19.  At  Greenwich,  Lady  Pell,  a  dai«h- 


23.  InGroiTenor4treet,lbeVMeouDlea 
Holmeidalc,  a  daughter. 

—  At  East  Sheen,  the  Udy  of  F.  Om- 
manney,  eaq..  a  aon. 

24.  At  Edinburgh,  Lady  BlanlyTC  a 
daughler. 

25.  AlBognor,lheladyof  LieuL-CoL 
Hugh  Milchell,  Grenadier  Guarda,  a 
daughler. 

80.  At  Trebartha  Hall,  Cornwall,  the 
lady  of  Fraud*  Rodd,  eaq.,  a  aon. 

JULY. 

I.  At  Kinnaird  Houae,  the  Hon.  tin. 
Dnitnnoad,  ■  daughter. 

%  Al  Madras,  8ie  lady  of  LieuUCol. 
Bowe*  Foraler,  a  aon. 

4.  At  Hookeeld  Oroie,  Epaom,  Uw 
lady  of  Ihe  Rev.  Sir  C.  R.  Ligbtoo,  but., 
a  son  and  heir. 

a.  The  lady  of  Ihe  Hon.  Edwan)  Pley- 
dell  Bouverie,  M.P.,  a  aon. 

7.  In  Myddlelon -aquare,  Ihe  lady  of 
Dr.  Golding  Bird,  a  aon. 

8.  Al  Winchfleld  Houae,  Hants,  the 
ladyofC.W.  Beauclerk.eK).,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Eaton- terrace,  BelgriTe-square, 
the  Hon.  Mra.  Cunynghame.  a  ton. 

—  In  Eaton-ptace.  (he  Hon.  tin.  Ro- 
bert Daly,  a  daughter. 

10.  In  Seamore-place,  the  Vueounlesi 
Lewiaham,  a  daughler. 

~  The  lady  of  Walter  Hugo,  eaq.. 
North  End  House,  Ipplepen,  a  (bughler. 

12.  Al  Kilbride  Manor,  county  of 
Wickkxr,  the  lady  of  Richard  Moore, 
jun.,  eaq.,  a  ton  and  heir. 

13.  Al  ntfour  Cattle,  Peithihire,  the 
lady  of  Sir  John  S.  RichardaoD,  barL,  a 


80.  In  Bolton-row,  Lxlj  LouUa  Aki- 
31.  Al  Easton,  the  Udy  of  J.  H.  Gur- 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  181 

BIRTHS. 

—  At  Moat  HaU,  Yorkafaire,  tbs  lad;        29.  In  Hvde  Park.»iiara,  the  lad)'  of 
of  H.  S.  TboiDpMD.  esq.,  a  too.  the  Right  Hon.  J.  W.  Flupatnck,  M.P., 

15.  The  lady  of  the  Rex.  T.  Pelham     

Dale,  Rector  of  SL  Vedait,  FoMer.lane,  a 

16.  At  Shrivenham  Hoiue,  the  Hon. 
Mn.  BarriDstoii,  a  daughter. 

17.  At   Fnnl,  the  lady  of  Sir  Hmrj 
Thompson,  hart.,  a  daughter. 

—  At  BriokwDrth  House,  Wilte,  Mn. 
Eveleigh  Wyndhani,  a  >oii. 

IB.  At  Haundahill,  WorceKer,  the  lad; 

of  ETelin  Philip  Shirlet,  esq.,  a  daughter. 

li).  The  Empreu  of  Bniil,  a  sod  and 

aa  Al  tJolkhain,  the  Counteai  of  Loi- 


Cumming,  esq.,  of  Allyre,  a  son. 

91.  !□  Eburv-street,  Pimlico,  the  Hon. 
Mn.  Genid  Dillon,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Willon-creiceDt,  the  Hon.  Bin. 
Spencer  Ponsonbj,  a  son. 

—  Al  SlTclili,  the  Heredilai;  Grand- 
DucbeM  ofMeck]enburgh-Sireliti(  daugh- 
ter of  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge), 
■  ton  and  heir. 

—  At  Prealon,  Cirenceater,  the  lady  of 
H.  W.  Crippi,  esq-i  •  daughter. 

23.  At  Butleigb  Court,  the  ladj  of 
Ralph  Neville,  esq.,  a  dai^hter. 

—  At  Gopwll,  the  Couolesi  Howe,  a 
daughter. 

—  At  Reading,  the  lad;  of  Lieut-Col. 
Lester,  Bomha;  Artiller;,  a  ton. 

24.  Al  Amplhill  House,  the  Hon.  Mn. 
Petre,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Kemp  Town,  the  lad;  of  Walter 
Ricardo,  esq.,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Mulgrave  Castle,  (he  Countess 
of  MulgTBTe,  a  daughter,  still-bom. 

25.  At  Wbillinahanie  House,  N.B., 
Lwl;  Blanche  Balfour,  a  ion  and  heir. 

—  At  Dover,  the  lad;  of  M^jor  Smart, 
•  daughter. 

—  At  Ince,  BlundeU  Hall,  Mn.Weld 
Blundell,  a  son. 

—  At  Newtown  House,  Tippetarj,  ihe 
lad;  of  Ralph  B.  Osborne,  esq.,  M.P.,  a 
daughter. 

26.  At  Beningbrougb  Hall,  the  Vis- 
countess Downe,  a  son. 

—  In  Wiltoa-place,thelad;of  Richard 
Westmacolt,  esq.,  a  dauEbter. 

27.  The  Countess  Adbumbam,  i  son. 

—  At  RoBilrevor,  co.  Down,  the  Hon. 
Mn.  Rou,  of  Bladensfaurgh,  a  son. 

28.  Al  Ibe  Grange  House,  Edinburgh, 
the  lad;  of  Sir  John  Dick  Lauder,  hart, 
of  Fountainhall,  a  son. 


At  Bradnell  House,  Bucks,  the  tad; 
of  Joseph  Bailv,  esq.,  a  son. 

6.  At  LoutA  PuV,  Lincolnshire,  the 
lad;  of  T.  C.  Oldham,  esq.,  a  daughter. 

7.  At  the  Dowager  Lad;  Arundell'k 
Dover-street,  ihe   Hon.  Lad;  Neave,  • 

a  At  Broom  Hall,  Capel,  the  lad;  of 
J.  Labouchere,  esq.,  s  daughter. 

10.  Al  Ockham  Park.  Surre;.  the  lad; 
of    Captain   Robert    RusmII,    R.N.,   a 

11.  In  Cunon-Btreet,Ma;<Bir,lheLad; 
Beaumont,  a  son  and  heir. 

—  At  Holbrooke  House,  Sufolk,  the 
lad;  of  the  R«r.  Charles  Darb;  Reade, « 
daughter. 

12.  At  Kewtands,  Bioadcliit,  near 
Eteter,  the  lad;  of  Captain  Chichester,  a 


—  In  Chester-square,  Mrs.  Robert 
Slopford,  a  son. 

13.  Id  DeTonibire-street,  Mn.  StiSwd 
H  Nonhcote,  a  daughter. 

15.  At  Roehamplon,  Ihe  Hon.  Hra. 
Leslie  Melville,  a  daughter. 

—  The    lad;  of  Cholmele;  Deiing, 

17.  At  Ssndling  Park,  the  lad;  of 
William  Deedes,  esq..  M.  P.,  a  daughter. 

—  The  tad;  of  Martin  T.  Smith,  «n^ 
M.P.,adauahler. 

—  At  Thornton  Halt,  Lincolnshire, 
the  lady  of  P.  M.  Riclwrdson,  em.,  a  son 
and  heir. 

18.  In  Halkin-street  West,  the  lad;  of 
Sir  William  Payne  Gallwey,  bart.,  a  boo 
end  heir. 

—  At  Westboume-leTTBce,  the  lady  of 
Richard  Cobden,  esq..  MP.,  a  dauabter. 

19.  At  St.  Petersburgb,  tbe  lad;  of 
Andrew  Buchannan,  esq..  Her  Majesty's 
Secrelar;  of  Legation  at  the  Court  of 


182        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

BIRTHS, 
aa.   At  Wejmoutli.  the  Ui!;  at  Com-     Wight,  lb*  Hob.  Un.  O.  H.  MoIUDdi, 
iDuutcr  W.  8.  ThoiDu,  R.N.,aH>B.  «>■•. 

—  Id  Upper  Gnwrenor-Hreeti  the  bdj 
of  Philip  P.  BouTCrie.  cu.,  ■  km. 

24.  At  Pvbold  Halt,  LuMMhki«,  Bin. 
Prmndi  TuininB,  ■  m». 

28.  At  Ltd]'  BUemia*!,  Portmui. 
iquve,  the  Hod.  Mi*.  WhyU  Mchille,  « 
■laughter. 

—  At  Blacliheaib.  tbe  Itdj  of  Peter 
W.  BulD«,wq.,  P.  R.S.,  a  daughter. 

27.   At  BiUemll  Hill,   Ml*.  Robert 

Pdlomi,  I  Kin.  .__ ^    _.    __.     . 

—  At  EghamPirkilheUifyof  ColoTwl  Bengal  Army.  >  duightn,  idlt-bom. 
Sdwey,  M.P..aK>B.  la   In  Gnat  George-ctneC,  WcMub- 

96.  At  Ardnalrick  Houie,  Argjleahira,     iter,  Mn.  Lefro;,  a  son. 
Ih*  Udj  ef  Robert  Jame*  Hebdea,  eu}.,  a         15.   At  Brighton,  the  bdf  oftbe  Heo. 


—  At  WakoCeld  Park,  a^a  Rea^, 
the  lady  of  Robert  AllAn,  eaq..  a  «. 

11.  At  Ne»  HaiUs.  tbe  Hon.  Un. 
Coienln,  a  dat^ler. 

12.  At  Down  Ampnei  Hooaa,  Gloat- 
ceMsnhite.  the  bdy  of  Captwn  Charia 
Talbot,  R.N.,  (win  dau^tert. 

—  AtClinon,th«tadyafMajar-Genetal 
Whiih.  a  Mm. 

—  At  Bo>er  Hill  Lodge.  KMT  Halk- 
'    -     the  U^  of  L«ut..Col.    V-'- 


29.  At  Crew«  Hall,  near  Donnhaaa- 
Barkel,  the  huly  of  J.  R.  Prycr,  esq.,  a 
daughter. 

SEPTEMBER. 

1.  At  Hurworth  Orange,  the  lady  of 
Mark  Ord,  e*q.,  a  ton. 

—  In  Great  Cusbertand-plaee,  the 
bdy  of  AUmI  Bawytr  aiI)itt^  tW].,  a 
dauEbt«r. 

_  At  Heognrt,  North  Vilei,  the  lady 
of  tbe   Right   Hon.   Lord  Cochnne, 


CSiwIei  Havbuij  Tracy,  a 

—  In  Berkeley-equare,  Mn.  Humphrty 
St.  John  MildintT,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Etton-i&D*,  the  lady  of  Captoin 
J.  P.  Bulard,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Oldbury  Hall,  tbe  lady  of  Jnhu 
Hardy,  jun.,  e<q.,  a  KW  and  hcfa-. 

'"     '-  DuUin,  the  lady  irf  Major  Dau- 


t  MelchbouRM  Park,  tbe  Lady 
St.  John,  a  ton. 

1ft    At  Albym,  tbe  lady  of  Tbonw 
NoTille  Abdy,eH].,  M.R.aaov. 

—  At  tbe  Moat,  Britford,  Will«  lb« 
ladv  of  P.  J.  E.  Jerroiae,  caq.,  a  to*. 
3.   At   Poltaden,  tbe  lady  of  Joieph        1.  At  Edtnonton,  the  lady  of  tbe  Rer. 
BoBior,  en.,  •  ton.  John  Campbell,  Chaplain  of  BwiMifc  ■ 

9.    At    HaTopton    Cnurt,  the  ladj   ef    ton. 
Capiain  Moolgomarr.  R.  N  ,  a  daughter.          20.  At  E^lcrley  Hooks  Minendan,  dw 
—  At  Btelchley  Collate,  Bucki,  (he     bdy  of  LieuL-Col.  N.  Alraa,  a  daughter. 
lady  of  Rictiard  William  Selby  Lowndes,  '      ~  " " 


At   Denne    Park,   Hcnhaa,  1 
CSurlet  Betbune,  a  toB. 

23.  At  WortoB  Hall,  ne 
•he  lady  of  Major  loigo  JoMa,   PiteM 
Albert's  Husaan,  a  ton. 

24.  AttbeRawFer-sHooscBlackkeath, 
Lady  Harriet  B.  Hamilton,  a  son. 

—  At  Lee  Part,  Keat.  the  lady  of  the 
,                     „                             Rev.    H.    Dale,    tale    Principal    at  ihl 

At   LiTerpool.  the  lady  of  Adan     Bitbop'i  Collegis  Bristol,  twin  tons. 

It  GladKone,  esq.,  a  daughter.  !U.  Id  Piccadilly,  the  Hon.  Hn.  Haary 

At  Fulbam,  ifrt.  Cbulea  Walpok,     Elliot,  a  dausbtm-.  Mill-bom. 

—  At  tbe  College.  Isle  of  Man,  tbe 
At  Ony  Abbey,  Dovn,  the  Lady     lady  of  the  Rev.  R.  Dixon,  Principal,  a 

—  At  East  Lodge,  Neadiraod,  tbe  \uir 
of  Teoinao   Mosley,  «a^,    a    ton    and 


—  At  HoUand  House,  Kitigsgala,  the 
lady  of  John  Fenlon,  esq.,  a  daughter. 
i.    In     Wyodham-place.     Bryanslone- 

Siure.  the  ladr  of  B.  B.  Williuis,  eaq., 
Ca*enhani  House,  Oion,  a  daughter, 
ff.  In  Eaton-place,  (he  lady  of  Sir  Jo- 
Mpb  Hawlcy,  bait.,  a  daugfat  ~ 


_  At  Nottoa,  Lady  Awdry.  a  ton. 

—  In   Westbouni».terrace,  tbe    Hon. 
Mr^  Richard  Denman,  ■  daughter. 

—  The  Udy  of  Thomas  Balcnan,  eaq., 
of  Middleton  Halt,  Derbyihini,  a  dw^ 


as.  At  Walmer,  tbe  lady  of  Cwtaia  C. 
H.  Baker,  R.N.,  ason. 

27.   In  Hill-tt»et,  BerkeleT-squate,tbe 
lady  of  Dr.  T.  Chambers,  a  daiwhter. 
r.  —  At  Stontangtoit  HaU,  Suiblk,  tbe 

10.    At    Spring   Vale,    Rjda,    Isle  ef    tady  of  Henry  Wilson,  etf.,  a  dangMar. 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  183 

BIRTHS. 

38.  At  Whilmore  Hall,  Staffonbhire,  —  In  Wotboum^creMMit,  Hjde. 
Ilie  bdy  of  Capluii  Koiiluiil  Munwariiig,  park,  Ihe  Itdjr  of  Percj  Riordo,  eK|.,  a 
R.N.,  aion.  lUuebter. 

39.  At  Edinbuigli,  IMj  Bochta  H«p-  la  At  the  Bury,  Chediam,  Bucliiog. 
bum,  a  iku^ter.  banuhire,  ibe  \mAj  of  WiUian  Lomdei, 

~  At  NannantoD  Turrille,  the  lady  of  esq.,  a  daughter. 

Bob«rt  W.  Arkwrifihl,  eaq.,  a  >on.  —  Tbe  Counloa  of  Arnn,  a  daugfa- 

~  The  lady  of  Cutaia  Kuper,  CB.,  ter. 

B.N.,  ■  (on.  —  At  Yatdy  HaU,  Haala,  the  lady  of 

—  [d  GroaTcnor.iquare,  Viicounlew  Heory  Parker  Collelt,  eaq.,  a  daugfatert 
EkringloD,  a  daughter.  •till-bora. 

80.  The  Lady  Agneta  Sevan,  a  Mm.  14.  At  EaM  Sbttn,  Lady  Fanny  HoiT' 

OCTOBER. 

_.     _._   _ Iot>y-)dac«,  Ediii__„_,   _.._  ..         ,    , 

Hon.  Hn.  Femnd,  aaon.  of  Sir   Willum   SL    Lawrence   < 

a.  At  Heden,  Kent,  Lady  Albert  Co-  bart,  a  ion. 

nyogbam,  a  dai^ter.  16.    At  Rowdell   Houae,  Suaaei,  iba 

—  At  Setlringlos  House,  Yoikridre,  lady  of  Cbarlei  Montagu  Cheater,  enq.. 


Mr*.  Henry  Wiliaug:hb7,  >*on. 
■  At  Haldon  House,  ihe  m 


17.   At  Ryde,  the  Hon.  Mn.  Frederick 


Lawrence   V.   Palk,  bart.,  the    lady  of  Holland,  a  danshti 

Lawrence  Palk,  esq.,  a  son.  ID.  At  Locbnaw   Caitte,   N.  B.,  tlM 

—  At  WintoD  Houae,  Leamington,  th*  Lady  Louisa  Agnew,  twin  daufihten. 
Udyof  S.  B.  Blylh,esq..aaon.  SO.   At  Frampton  Houm,  the  lady  of 

4.  At  the  Re^ry,  Bamea.  Surrey,  the  the  Rev.  John  TuDDird,  ■  daughter, 
lady   of  the   Rev.    R.  E.  Coplettan,   a  —  Ai  Tranmere,  Cheshire,  the  Hon. 
dai^hter.  Mrs.  Lauriiton  Kneller.  a  son. 

5.  In  Royal  Creiceni-temce,  Chel.  —  At  Lynmouth,  North  Deron,  the 
tenham,  the  lady  of  LieuL-Col.  WilUam  lady  of  Eliot  Warburton,  eao.,  a  tDO  aitd 
Wyllie.  C.B,aM>n.  heir. 

—  At  Stratocb,  Aberdeenabire,  the  31.  In  GordoB-aquare,  L«dy  Romilly, 
bdy  of  Captain  Nares,  R.  N.,  a  iob.  a  daughter, 

—  Al  Belle  Tue,  Teignmoulh,  the  —  At  Tunbridge,  the  lady  of  the  Rer. 
lady   of   LieuL-CoL   Oibome,    Bengal  Dr.  Welldon,  a  daughter. 

Army,  a  son.  22.  At  Brussels,  the  lady  of  Captain 

—  At  the  Ticaiage,  Willcn,  Bucks,  the  Algernon  GrevjUe,  a  son. 

lady  of  the  Rer.   Geoige  PhiUimore,  a  38.  The  lady  of  Brent  Spencer  PoOett, 

son.  esq.,  of  Cambridge-aquare,  Hyd»-park,  a 

6.  The  lady  of  the  Rev.  M.  'WHkinson,  aon. 

Master  of  Marlborough  College,  a  daugh-  27.  At  Sberbum  House,  Dnrhan,  the 

ter.  lady  of  Major  Faber,  a  son. 

—  At  Northreppa  Hall,  Norfblk,  the  —  At  the  EIdm.  Chndleigb,  tbs  lady 
lady  of  Sir  E.  N.  Buiton,  hart,,  a  daugh-  of  Lieut^Col.  Leihhridgs,  a  daughter. 
tCT.  —  Al  Glencoiw,  near  Edinburgbi  the 

7.  Al  Wobum  Park,  Surrey.  Ihe  Hon.  lady  of  Sir  Charles  M.  Ocbleriony,  bart, 
Hrti  Locke  Kiog,  a  son.  ■  son. 

a  At  Corran  Brook,  Laughoroe,  Car-  29.  In  Hyde  Park-square,  Hn.  Edward 

martben^ir^    Mr*.    Walpole   Willis,   a  Baldwin,  twin  soul 

daughter.  30.  Al  AsUey  Park,  Lady  Fletcher,  a 

—  In  Londnn,  Ihe  lady  of  Captain  W.  — 
B.    Sacklii«,    R.N.,   of   Higlniood,    • 
daughter 

'"     'iBeiiele 

lungerfiird,  eiq, ,  ■  d 

-  At  Bodmin,  tbe  Hon.  .    .    

Prideani  Brune,  a  son  and  heir.  1.  In   Hyde  Park-gardens,   the   Hon. 


184        ANNUAL    REGISTER  1848. 

BIRTH  & 
Robert    Ward,   eaq.,   of  Her  Mijetlj'i        24.    The  Iwl;  of  Bdwio    Luikatn> 
LeKitioD,  >  daufthicr.  M.D.,   of    Old   BurlingUin-ftMet,    twin 

7.  At  Ickworth.  Ladj  Alfred  Hervej.  ■     daushlen. 

■on.  !U.  At  Lower  Chain,   Surnj,  Hn. 

8.  Id  ClCTeluid-iquire.  Ilie  CounteM      Gilbert  Fnnkluid  Lewis,  ■  dauifhter- 

of  Suidwich,  B  duurhter.  26.  Al  Thornbuij  Hotue,   Rjde,  the 

—  At   Kenliili   Town,   Mn.  Williun  Udy  of  C»pUuD  Henry  Sholto  Dougls>,> 

Rivington,  a  ton,  diuf^bler. 

-  At  Longford  Castle,  (he  \^uoounlca  ~  The  tadj 


Foikestane.  ■"dauRbler. 

—  At  Gttpe  Home,  Forfanhire,  Mra. 
Gulhrie,  of  Gutbrie,  ■  xjn,  itill-bam. 

9.  At  the  Vicsnge.  Kenllworth,  tha 
ladjof  the  Rev.  E.  R.  Eardle;  Wilmot, 


Colonel  KiogHote.  a 
27.  Al  Brighton,  Lad;  Ron  Grerille, 


—  At  Alljie,  Lad;  GordoD  Cummhig, 

2S.  In  Groarenor-Kiuare,  LadyCbarlea 
L,  Filirof ,  a  md. 

—  la    DruDimond-place,     Edinbur^, 
Iha  Hon.  Mn.  Chariea  Grey.  ■  duighter. 

—  At    Fnokfort-on-tlve-Mune,    tho 
lulT  of  Colonel  C.  A.  P.  Bentinck,  a  kid. 

29.   Al  Kelaey  Park,  Kent,  the  IhI;  of 
the  Re>.  Henry  Bumej,  twin  dau^iten. 
■on.  —  At  Bath,  the  lady  of  LieuU-CoL 

—  In  Halkin-itreel  Weil,  Ihe  lady  of    TrofMon,  late  13th  Light  Infuitiy,  aaon. 
LieuU-Col.  Vanailtart,  a  daughter.  30.  In    Carllon-tcnaee,    ibe    Wly  of 

]&   ]n  Chethem-place,  the  Hon.  Mn.      EameM  Bungen,  em-,  ■  daughier. 
Hamilton,  a  daugbler. 

the   Rectory   Hoiue,   Mar»ton  DECEMBER 


10.  At  WInton  Houm,  Pcnraitland, 
N.  B.,  (he  lady  of  Captain  Frederick 
Mutchiruon,  a  daughter. 

11.  Al  Danetfield,  Bucki,  the  Hon. 
Mn.  8cott  Murray,  a  ton, 

—  In  Poet't-comer,  Old  Palace-yard, 
the  lady  of  C.  EaiUand  Micbela,  ch).,  a 


lady  of  Captain  OuManu  H.  CouImid, 
R.N.,>>on. 

15.  At  Lord  Sherbome'i,  in  Gloucea- 
(enhire,  the  lady  of  the  Hon.  Caplain 
Flunkett.  ft.N.,  aaoD. 

—  At  Henbury  House,  DorNi,  Ibe 
lady  of  Charlei  Joaeph  Parke,  esq.,  a 
daughter. 


2.  At  Ickworth,  the  Lady  Arthur  Her- 
Tcy,  a  daughter. 

4.  Al  Sunderlandwick,  York,  the  lady 
of  Edward  Homer  Reynard,  eaq.,  a  wo 
and  heir. 

6.  At  Edinburgh,  ihe  Hon.  Mn.  Wil- 
liam Maule,  H.  daughter. 

Babwarth,  the   Lady   Francet 


-  Al  Greet  Malcem,  Mn.  Founlaine,  Bridgemi 
of  Narfbrd  Hall,  Norfolk,  a  daughter.  10.   In  Montagu-aquare,  Lwly  Wode- 

—  Al  SalhouK  Hal),  Norfolk,  Ihe  lady  bouie,  a  >on. 

of  Richard  Ward.eMi..aian.  12.    At  Bagshot   Park,   Lady   Emily 

-  Al  Liibnn,  the  lady  of  Sir  Hamilton  Seymour,  a  daughter 
-  In  WhilehalKplace,  Ihe  lady  of  ff. 


r,  G.C.  B.,  Her  Majctty'i  Miniater 
in  Porlugal,  a  ton. 

18.   At  Manlon  Hoiue,  Northamplon- 
•hire,  Ibe  lady  of  J.  J.  Bleuccwe,  eiq.,  a 

17.    At   Connr   Houae,  the  Ud;  of 


John  Oougb  Nichols,  a  aon. 

sa  In  Hyde  Park-gardeni,  the  lady  of 
William  Vanuuarl,  e*q.,  a  daughter. 

22.  Al  the  VicaiaEe,  Harbome,  Staf- 
Ihrdahire,  Ihe  Hon.  Mn.  William  Law,  a 
daughter. 

-  At  Purle;  Park,  Berki,  the  lady  of 


H.Serm< 

Hall,  a 

—  At  Gorbambury,  the  CounleM  of 
Verulam,  a  daughler. 

13.  At  Meiton,  near  Cove,  county  of 
Cork,  the  lady  of  Godfrey  T.  Baker,  esq,. 
a  da^^ter. 

—  Al  Great  Grinuby,  the  lady  of 
Captain  Lewii  Mailland,  ILN.,  a  son  and 

—  Al  Pinkney  Park,  Wila,  Ibe  lady  of 
William  Heniy  Crwswell,  e«].,  a  aon. 

14.  Al  Richmond  Lodge,   Portobelloi 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  185 

MARRIAGES. 

_  At  Scniton  Htll,  Ihe  Udy  of  Heaiy         Nov.  16.  At  Buoda,  Atkneu  Rening. 

Coore,  CM.,  a  daugbter.  ton,    eiq..    Ciril   Serrice,    lo   Madeline 

15.  AiStonebouie,  Pifmoulh,  Ihe  lady     Luira,;ouiigeM  daughter  of  Col.  Soppll, 

of  Caprain   John  Fooie,  jun.,  H.M.S.     comnunding  at  BarcKla. 

Roaamood,  a  too.  30.   At  the  Catbedral,  Mldrei,  Cbarlea 

■     -  ....--..-.        "  "-.  .  "        .  -   -^My- 

ie]4lb 


■  At  BroctoD  Hall,  SUffordihin 
lailT  of  Majar  Chetwyod,  lale  of  Ihe  lu 
Life  Oiurda,  a  daugbter. 

19.   At  MalU,  Ihe  lady  of  Captain  E. 
K.  Hughes  Hallell,  R.N.,  a  ion. 

21.  The  lady  of  George  Tale,  esq.,  of 


R.N.,1 


lo   1 


Madru  Army,  to  Caroline,  aecond  daugb- 
ter of  Henty  Headley,eHi.,  of  Gloucetler- 
place,  Portman-uuire. 

Die.  7.    At   Plantation   Church,    St 

Helena,   W.  Forbei   Macbean,  en].,    St. 

"    ■       "  ty  Amelia.  eldeM 

Archil>ald  Rom. 

98.  Lord  Montfbrt,  lo  Ann.  daughier 
of  the  lale  W.  Burgham,  esq.,  of  Cplon- 
Bishop,  Herafbrdihire. 

29.   Ciplarn  Hugh  Smith  Baillie,  Royal 

rre,  the  lady  of     Hone  Guards,  lo  Ete  Maria,  widow  o* 
ghter  "!---  — .  j-ii 1 


Baiftey  Hall,  ■  daughter.  .   .  , 
In   AJTulie-place,    Edinburgh,   Ihe     Helena  Regiment,  to  Maty  Amelia. 

ladyofSirG.  Graham  MonlgomeTy,bait.,     daaghter  ofthe  late  CoL 

of  Stanhope,  a  daughter.  ~.    .      ...... 

9S.  At  Helensburgh, 

f  Commuider  W.  H.  Dobbie, 


ViicouQl  Glenlworth. 


George  Eyre,  esq.. 

—  Al    South    Willinaham    Rectory, 
Lincolnshire,  the  lady  of  the  Rev.  Andrew 

Ctirbetl,  a  daushler.  1  04a 

2*.  Al  Withinglon  Redory,  ihe  Hon,  1010. 

Mn.  Giutani*  Talbot,  a  son. 
25.  At  Slake  Rochford,  Lady  Caroline  JANUARY. 

Tumor,  a  son. 

—  Al  Cranley  Rectory.   Surrey,  ihe         I.    At  St   George's,  Hanover-square, 
Hon.  Mrs.  J.  H.  Saple,  a  son.  Captain  Charles  Hogg,  Bombay  Fusiliers, 

06.  At  Gtour««er  Road,  Hyde  Park-    to  Kalherine  Maria,  daughter  of  the  late 
gardens,  the  lady  of  Henry  Mills,  esq.,  a     Col.  Moor. 

■00.  —  At  SI.  Peter's,  Euilon.square,  Ed- 

29.  Al  Leases.  Yortishire,  the  lady  of    ward  Elderton.  esq.,  lo  Charlotte,  third 

Frederick  Acclam  Milbank,  esq.,  a  ton     daugbler  of  Lieut-CoL  Cameron. 

and  heir.  4.   At    Trinity   Church,    Matylebone, 

ao.   Al  Slackpde   Court,  Viscounlen     Benjamin  Shaw,  esq.,  to  Caroline,  fiflh 

Emlyn,  a  son.  daughter  of  ihe  lale  Richard  Hall,  esq.,  of 

Copped  Hall,  Totteridge. 

____^        ~   Charles   Chad   Tumour,  esq.,  to 

Frances  Louisa,  youngest  dai^hler  of  the 
late  Lieut-Col.  Master. 

—  At  H'alcot  Bath,  C^ituD  Edward 
Lionel  Wolley,of51il  Regiment  of  Light 
Inbnlry,  lo  Emily  Geoi^na,  ynungest 
daughter  of  the  late  William  Scott,  esq. 

6.    At   Tonbrrdge,  the   Rer.   Geos^ 
Whitmore,  to  Sarah,  thhvl  daughter  of 
John  Deacon,  esq.,  Mabledon,  Kent 
10.  Al  Wymenng.  Hants.  Peter  Wells, 


MARRIAGES. 

1847. 


Worcester  College,  Oxford,  lo  Mi 


Mcond  daugbler  of  the  late  George 


ford,  lo  Marnrel, 
late  George  Hun< 


daughter  of  the  lale  E.  GroTe,  esq.,  of 

£>urth  daughter  of  William  Co'i,  esq.,of  Shenstone  Park. 

Hobart  Ville,  near  Richmond.  —  Henry  Charles  Scott,  esq.,  lo  Julia 

In  Oct.  last,  at  the  Mauritius,  Edwin  Henrietta,  and,  at  the  same  time,  Jonas 

R.  J.  Balfour,  esq.,  Lieut  H.M.S.  Bril-  Bracken   Canning   Alexander,   esq.,    to 

lianl,  to  Eleonore,  daugbler  of  his  ExceU  Agnes  Cecilia,  duighten  of  ihe  lale  Sir 

leney  the  Goremor  of  Seychelles.  William  Curtis,  hart 


186        ANNUAL    REGIST  ER,  1848. 

MARRlAGBa 

—  At  Petenbua  Church,  Ocmige  7A  Hadm  Cmlry,  jwuigM  woa  of 
Wide.  Mq.,  to  Ibe  L>dj  FrtuK»  Kerr,  MBJor-OcDeral  W.O.  Pohct.CEI.,  K.H., 
HMer  to  toe  laic  Hannui  of  Lothiin.  to    Inbel   Boound,  cUot  duigtitcr  of 

IZ  At  Wiockwudiae,  Salop,  the  Rst.  Idem.-Cal.     Bnj4irooke,    canmaadiiig 

William  U.  Peuioii,  to  Mmka,  tUughier  Ctyloa  Rifle*, 
of  the  bte  OdxxiM  MuUiva,  09.,  sod 
Lady  Jervil. 

—  Tha  Rot.  B.  L.  Witt*,  M.A.,  to  FEBRDARY. 
Uaria  Sophia,  fourth  daushler  of  the  lata 

R.  L.  Dicluon,  eH|..  lit  Life  Guarda.  !1  At  All  Sonli'  Cbnreh,  I-«ngfc...^ 

—  John  ThamM  RoMborougfa,  eaf.,  to  place,  Roundell  Palmar,  eaq^  M.  P^  lo 
MvT   Ore*  Waotitoilh,  onli'  lurviiilut  Laura,  accoTid  dangtiter  of  Rear-Adainl 

iMd  of  tb>  late  Chief  JuHioe   CMar     E    ^  " 

CokkM^. 

13.  At  Nonraod,  the  Re*.  Alexander  Sutton,  c*q^  to  Oiulieita  Romaaa,  ekki« 

H^nr;  Bridgea,  KOODd  Mn  of  Sir  Ueor;  dausfaier  of  B.  BuUar,  tm^,  at  Dilbooe 

Bridnt,  of  Beddinftion  HouM,  to  Cm-  Mall. 

line  Mitilda,  eldeit  daoghlet  of  Chritfo-  ~  At  Slulford  Church,  the  Re*.  John 

pher  UodgKin,  eK|.,  of  Great  DeaD'a-  Henrj  Saple,  to  the  Hoe.  Caroline  Gif- 

jfard,  Wetlmliutcr.  ford,  third  dai^faler  of  the  late,  and  ulv 

IB.    At    All    Souli',    Laugbam -place,  of  the  preanit.  Lord  OiflTotd. 

John  Shaw  KeonEd;.  eu.,   to   Elnnor,  5.  At    Whippii^tttm    Chunb,    L  W., 

eldeit  daushter  of  J.  G.  Wilkinum,  ew|.  Fetbenton  Stonestreet,  «M.,    LL.D.,  10 

—  Al  Preuon,  S.  B.  H.  Skinner,  esq.,  the  Bunaen   Maria  tod    HammerMni, 
<9lli   Eut  Norfolk  Regiment,}  lo  Mary,  late  Lady  in  WailipgOD  her  Rojal  Higb 
only  child  of  Lewia  (>ok,  eiq.,  of  Da-  naM  Ae  DucbcM  of  Caabcidn. 
vingtoa  Hall,  Kent  7.  Al  Plymouth,  Lieut.  W.  N.  Locfc- 

19.  At  the  Calbolic  Chapel,  Rainbill,  yar,  R.N.,  lo  Blimbelh  Selina.  yaui««t 
the  Hoa.Gilbert  StapleloD,  oftheCrote,  d«ighter  of  LieuL-CoL  BHl,  CB. 
Riehmood,  Yorkihu^,  brother  of  ibe  LonJ  —  At  St.  Haijlebooe  Church,  Pncy 
Beaumont,  to  Muy,  widow  of  the  Ula  Rohoaoe,  eao.,  10  Eliia  Saiab.  yeoBferf 
William  Geranl,  e*q.  dau[^ter  of  Major-General  Aylmer. 

—  Al  Cbealer,  the  Rev.  Canon  Btom.  a.  At  St  Jainei^  LienL-CoL  Camp- 
field,  brMber  of  Ibe  Biabop  of  London,  to  beU,  Scota  Ftwiier  Goardi,  to  Hut 
Hary  Anaon,  daughlet  of  the  Dean  of  Fnncei,  widow  of  the  late  Reginald 
Cbeiter.  CHTlaia,  en. 

—  At  Cheltenham,  Percy  Loinada,  —  At  Tunbridge  Weill,  Sir  Oordoa 
eiq.,  to  Maiy  Elin,  ncond  daughter  at  Bremer,  K.C.B.,  K.C.H..  Commodon 
H.  GuOere*,  eu.,  of  Sidmonlh.  Superintendent  of  Woolwich  Dockyard, 

20.  Al  St.  Jaraea'a,  C^plu  H.  IX  lo  Jemima  Mary  Harriet,  Mat  daughter 
Peer*,  lo  Louin  Mary,  relict  of  U^or  C  of  tbe  bte  Commodore  Sir  Jamei  Brit- 
U.  Robafia,  of  ETerton  Uouae,  Hant^  baoe,  C.B.,  ILW. 

—  At  Si.  Peler'i,  Tbinet,  Dr.  Scott  —  At  Ham,  Suirer,  tbe  Re*.  E.  R. 
M.D.,  to  E!upbemia>  youngest  dau^ter  of  Enrdley  Wilmot,  to  Emma  Huldiinaoo, 
tbe  late  Henry  Wedderbnin,  eia.  third  daughter  of  Wiltiaai  Lambert,  eaq. 

35.  Ja*iahWilkiDHm,e*q..oftkInDer  10.  Al  Bath,  Datid  Robettion,  eiq.. 

Temple,  to  EHaabetb,  relict  of  Martin  Cwnm.  R.N.,  youngeit  km  c<  tbe  late 

Atkimoo,  eaq.,  of  Kemnal  Maoot  Houae.  LieHt^CoL    Rohertiim    MaedonaM,    to 

27.   At  Sl  George'!,  Hanorer-iiquire,  Caroline,  youi^ert  dan^Her  of  3.  Beck, 


George  William  FreemaD,  ceo,,  to  Hen-     aq. 

rielta  Matilda,  daughter  of  U.   Uulbeit,        —  At  Trinity   Church,   Harr'ahana, 

eaq.,  of  Clietler-iciuare.  Monfagwe  Dani£,  Kcoud  aon  of  Sir  David 


-  Al   FrederictOD,    New   Braniwlck,  Scott,  bait,    K.U.,  lo    Haigaiet,    only 

P.  W.  Fbillippa,  e«|.,  of  tbe  Roynl  Artil-  tUi^hter  of  tbe  late  Janxi  Bngn,  eaq. 

leiy,  lo  Ellen,  Mcond  daughter  of  CoL  —  At  SL  Jobs'*  Chapel,  Ediobn^, 

Shore.  Captain  Fianci*  Ramw,  •econd  loa  of 


—  Al  Crick,  Francii  Arthur  Trench,  Sir  Alexander  R 

■aq.,  of  Sl  CMberine'*  Park,  KiUire,  to  M  Oeorgina  Ua, 

Emily,   voungtnl    daugbter  of  ifao   lale  of  WiUiamP.Hona,c*q,of  Wcddi 

Geotge  Litlledale,  eaq.  and  Pkltoa. 

Sa  Al  Colombo,  Lieut.  E.  H.  Power,         la  AlCorfb,  Lonll  Stanhope  R 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 

MARRIAGES. 


ibe  Itle  Sir  Thomai  Prolon,  but.  Tbeodoua,  ml}' dauabter  of  the  Ute  Hon. 

16.  At   Alfm  HouK,  N.  K,   CwUio  asd  Her.  Thomu  Monion. 

L«rd  Frederick  C  P.  Beauderli,   R.N.,  _  At    SwaUoir,    Linei^   the    Rev. 

to   Jemima    Eleonora    Jobnatoae,    Bitb  Robert  Cut  BnckeTibury,  lo  Anns  Maria, 

dani^lsler  of  tba  late  Jamea  Johnataae.  exj.,  eldot  duiglitet  of  tbe  Rev.  O.  H.  Holi- 

of  Alta.  well. 

17.  At  St.  Martin'MiMlie-ruldi,  Wil.  —  At  St.  Jokn'i  EpUcopal  Chapel, 
liam  Blucber  Lumtey  Sleigh,  eaq.,  to  Edinbuiah,  tbe  Rer.  Andrew  Rainaay 
EUnbelb,  Kcond  daughter  of  the  hie  Campbell,  lo  Mary  Elphinstone  Char- 
Jai.  BenBed,  esq.,  of  Cambridge.  lotle,   fourth  daughter  of  the   late  John 

22.  At   St.  George'*,  Hanover- aquare,  Anttnithef  Thornton,  ciq.,  of  Cbarhon. 

Captain  Atwell  l^ke,  Madraa  Enai&eera,  8.  AtClillon,theReT.  W.  Manh.D.D., 

fa  Ana  Auguata,  daughter  oF  the  Ute  Sir  lo  the  Hob.  Louib  H.  Pdi^  toungeat 

William  Curtia,  bait  daughter  of  the  fint  Lord  LiSiird. 

-  At  Belvoir  Catfle,  the  Ser.  Frede-  _  7.    At    Norwood    Gnen,    Middleai 

Konnaii,  Rector  of  Bottnford,  to  the 

Litdy  Adeliia  Rlii^>eth  Gcetiude  Man- 

tiera,  daughter  of  bia  Grace  the  Duke  of  —   At  St.  George'a,  Haoorar-iqaare, 

Kglland.  Geom  Plejdell  Kboid,  en.,  late  Sia. 

—  At  Umbalk  Charlea  Raaaell  Coh,  tietb  Riflea,  to  Jemima  Ueonelta,  daagb- 
cfq.,   King^   Oho   Linht  Dragoona,  to  ter  of  William  Gamhier,  eaq.,  anil  of  lb* 
Genldine  Adelaide  Eliiaheth,  jouneert  late  Henrietta,  CouDteaa  of  Athlone. 
daiwhter  of  Major-GeDeral   Sir  Walter  —  At  St.  Alphage,  Greenwich,  Boltoa 
Eaingh  Gilbert,  K.CB.  Come]',  eaq.,   H.R.S.L,,   to   Henrietta 

—  At  Paddiogton,  George  Teed,  eaq.,  MaT7,  daughter  of  Captain  Richard  Prid- 
ofGray-.^               '        "                 '           '  '          "" 


Mijor-Ue 
it.  At 


■GeneraJ  Bellaua.  11.   At  SL  Botolph%  Atdgate,  Obo^ 


Eliubeth,     third    ihaghter    of    Kdward  IS.  At    Brighton,  Captain.  Filigetald, 

Whitmore,  eao.  R.V.,  GoTeraor  «f  Weileni  Aknttalia,  lo 

—  At  Mortti  Muakam,the  Re>.  Baha-     Elcairar  Caroline  Arabella,  dau^Het  of 
bury   Humpbrefa,  of    WeedoD    Lodge,     R  C  Eloe*,  eaq.,  of  Kemp  Town. 
Bucki,eldalio(iariheUteRew-Admird         14.   At  Clifton,  the  Rev.  John  Oaakin, 
Sir    Satusbury    B.     Humphreyi,    C.B.,      M.A.,  (Q  Jane,  elfkal  Aogfaler  of  Major 
K.aH.,toHaria,eldatdaui^tferof  John     Caleolt. 

MBndle7,(aq,Df  MiukbamGrani^Notta.         —  At.  SL  Hiebaal'i,  Cheater  SquaiCk 

—  At  Deao,  Hania,  Edward  William  Stewart  Kerr,  eiq.,  to  Julia  Seymour 
Sc  John,  eaq.,  to  Jane  Martha,  daughter  Buodeugh  Campbell,  wiiiaw  of  Peter  L, 
of  dw  tale  H.  Beacb,  eaq,  of  Willitw     Bnnko,  etq.,  of  Maer  HalL 

•trip  Park.  15.    At     Shirwell,     Deroo,    tbe    Kar. 

—  At  Morton,  Andrew  Pounliin,  eaq.,  Richard  Ji^  Bendon,  Rector  of  Shir- 
of  NaHbrd  Hall,  Norfiilk,  to  Caroline,  welt,  to  Charlotte  Eluabelh,eldettdaisfa. 
.__L   ._.-t .  -r   f 1    n .^  ^f  ^  1^^  gj^  f^^^  ChkAoater, 

larL 

16.  At  Latimer,  Viacount  Enfield, 
U.P.,  ridest  MM)  of  tbe  Eari  of  EtraSord, 
to  Harriet  Eiiiabeth,  Moood  daughter  oif 
the  Hon.  Charlea  and  Lady  Catberiae 
CaTcndiah. 
22.  In  Mony-place,  Edinburgh,  Robert 
».|.  Hindnide,  eaq..   Sheriff  of  Sts-lhigalure, 

—  Al  Saliibury,  CapluD  Geoive  CnUtt,     to  Helen,  eldeat  daughter  of  the  lale  Ales- 
of    the   9(h    Regiment,   lo   Juna    Lucy,     aiuler  Bruce,  eaq.,  of  Kennet. 
daughwr  of  the  lale  Rer.  Mr.  White.  ""    ~ 


188        ANNUAL    R  EGIST  ER,  1848. 

MARRIAGES. 

Sarah  Hav,  •eeond  daugbler  of  the  Earl  1 1.  At  All  Souli'  Cburefa,  LaDghan. 

of  Kinnouil.  pUoe,  Muor-Gen.  Kr  Thonuu  WilUure, 

_  Lewi.  Coker,  Major  of  H.M.  29Ui  bart.,  K.C.B.,  and  G.C.D.,  lo  AnneUe 

Rrgimenti  (o  Caroline  Agaet,  joungeit  Lnlilia,  cldeatdauglilcrof  Captain  Berke- 

daughler  of  (be  lale  J.  E*itman.  eiq.  le;  Maxwell,  R.  N.,  of  Uarlej-atrMi,  and 

—  Al  Camberwell,  LleuL-Col.  Cbartei  Tuppendener,  Kent. 

R.  W.    Une,   C.a,    Bengal   N.  L.  to  —  Al  Pljmaulh,  R.  D.  While,  etq^ 

Maria,  daughter  of  the  late  Captain  John  Contm.  R.R,  to  Roaalie,  vounsett  dough- 

Gibbt.  (er  of  W.  Ad;,  esq. 

2.S.  Al   St  Paul'!,  KnighUbridge,  the  —  At  Croydon  Church,  Captain  the 

ReT.ETBnL.D*Tle^toHarvMargaretU,  Hon.  Robert  French  Handcock,  R.  A., 

onl;  daughter  of  the  lale  T.  T.  Alkin,  to  Iiabella  Louin,  onlj  daughter  of  the 

eaq.,    of    the    Court    Lodge,    Hunlon,  late  Jamea  Gordon,  eaq. 

Kent.  —  At  Trinii;   Church,    Marrlebooe, 

27.  At  Think,  Mullon  Lambarde,  esq.,  Captaiu  C.  Fountaine,  oflhe  S2nd  R^ 
of  Beechmont,  Serenoakt,  to  Mariana  ment.  lo  Rose  Sarah,  joungeit  daughter 
Teresa   Livesey,  only  daughter  of  Ed-  -of  the  late  J.  G.  RareniliBW,  esq. 

mund  Tunon,  eu.,  of  Brasled  Pvk,  Kent,  —  At  Si.  Peter's,  Pimlico.  B.  C.  Bn. 

and  of  KiUtale,  Ynrkahire.  die,  esq.,  to  Pbilothea  Margaret,  daughter 

28.  In  Edinburgh,  James  Hiig,  barria-  of  Mr,  Sergeant  Thompson. 

ter-at- law,  to  Helen  Jane,  eldest  daughter  13.    At   the   British   Embaaq',   Paris, 

of  the  late  M.  E.  Pell,  esq.  Major-General  Henry  Hodgson,  lo  Helen, 

—  At    St.  MnrgBrefa    Church,    C.  J.  eldest  daughter  of  Admiral  Honymsn. 
MacCarthy,    tw^.,     Auditor- General    of  —  Al  Lunpbey,  Pembr.,  Joshua  Bird 
Ceylon,  lo  Sophia  Brunei,  eldeal  daugh-  Allen,   esq.,   lo   Mu^arelta   Anne,  only 
ter  of  B.  Hawes,  esq.,  M.P.  daughter  of  LieuL-Col.  W.  Morrison. 

—  At  IGeld  Church,  Charlea  Edward  —  At  Bridekirk,  James  Walker,  esq.. 
Prime,  esq.,  M.P.,  to  Eliubelh,  only  of  Dabrey  House,  Mid-Lothian,  to  Ellen, 
daughter  of  the  late  James  Donavan,  esq.,  third  daughter  of  the  late  J.  D.  B.  Dykca, 
of  Buckbun  Hill.  esq,  of  Dovenby  Hall,  Cumberland. 

—  Al  Hampsteod  Church,  Jamet  15.  Al  SL  James's,  Sir  Heni;  Edward 
Alexander  WedJerbum,  esq.,  to  Marlon,  Foi  Young,  LieuL-GoTcmor  of  South 
daughter  of  James  Cosmo  Meltill,  esq.,  Australia,  to  Augusta  Sophia,  eldest 
Sectary  to  the  Hon.  East  India  Com-  dauehter  of  Charte*  Uvryat,  esq.,  of 
pan;.  ParkGeld,  Polter'a  Bar. 

30.  At  St.  Mary's  Church,  Pembroke,  —     At     Oemerara,    William    Henry 

William  Croflon,  esq.,  R.N.,  to  Frances  Holmes,  eaq.,  to   Elii^>eth   Geomuna, 

Emilia,    only  daughter   of  Captun   N.  eldest   daughter   of    Sir    Henry   Li^U, 

' "    "   --    ""  K.C.B.,  Governor  of  Briliah  Guiana- 

24.  At  Wrecclesbam,  Surrey,  George 
Sackfille  Smnh,  eao.,  to  Maria,  aecond 
daughter  of  N.  Higinbotham.  eaq. 

,       .  23.  At  Lydiard  Treygooie,  Wilts,  lb« 

I.-C0I.  Chesney,  R.  A.,  lo  Louisa,  RcT.  Thomas   Masterman,   lo  Uargaiet 

ToungesI  daughter  of  the  late   Edward  Mariana,  daughter  of  A.  M.  Sloiy  Haske- 

Fletcler,  esq.,  of  Park-street.  lyne,    esq.,    of    Basset    Down    House, 

—  At  St.  Andrews,  Marylehone,  Sle.  Wilis. 

phen  Olding,  jun.,  esq.,  lo  Julia  Louisa,  26.  Al  Chesler-le- Street,  Edward  Lord 

youngest  daughter  of  the  lale  J.  J.  Holt-  Hswke,  lo   Frances,  eldest  daugbler  of 

lapfPeT  esq.  Walker   Feathcrstonhaugh,   esq.,   of  Ibe 


esq.,  to  Louisa,  youngest  daughter  of  Sir        —  In  Sloke  Church,  the  Ber.  Robert 
B.  Sheffield,  hart.  Baker,  B.A.,  to  Emily  De  Courcyi  and, 

at  the  same  lime,  Henry,  voungesi  sou  of 
APRIL  George  Baker,  esq.,  to  Cbarlotte  Sophis, 

younger  dau^ter  of  Captain  Sif  Heniy 
4.  At  Caimhill  House,  Ayrshire,  An.  Leeke,  K.H. 
drew  Gillon.  eu.,  of  Willhouse,  10  Jane  27.  At  St.  James's,  Captain  Charles 
Lllliaa,  eldest  dai^hler  of  LieuL.Col.  Lennox  Peel,  lo  the  Hon.  Carolirw  Chi- 
Hamilton,  and  gruiddaughter  of  Viscount  chesler,  eldest  daughter  of  the  lata  Lord 
Goit.  Temf4emoce. 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  189 

MARRIAGES. 

Al  Bath,  Auputui  Jockmj,  eiq.,  —    At   Sl  Mugaret'i,  Wedmlotfer, 

to   Catherine,   eldi5  daughter  of  John     " —  •'^--'-'    "- "■■-  >   ■■- 

EdrMge,  eiq.,   of   Pockeredge    Hoiue, 
Conham. 

—  AtC 
"q-,  to  Suf                                   „  ... 
the   Ute   Sir  J.   G.  CottereU,  bait.,   of  Kcond  daughter  of  Ibe  lale  John  Young, 
OaiDOni,  Hereftirdtbire.  eaq.,  of  WeMridge,  Ute  of  W^ht. 

At  WeMonbiit,  Major  Hale,  of  tha  —  At  the  Church  of  the  Holj  Trinity, 

Srd  (or  King's  Own)  Light  Dngooni,  lo  Exeter,  G.  C.  Tugvtell,  ew.,  of  Crowe 

Jane,  eldeil  daughter  of  the  late   Her.  Hall,   near    Balh,    to   Vir^nia   Arnold, 

T.  O.  Clare.  daughter  of  the  late  Msjor-GeD.  Hackie, 

~    At    St.   Leonard'*  Church,   near  C.B. 

Eietn,  the  Ret.  Guy  Brjui,  to  Hen-  —  At  St.  Mar;'*,  BrranHone-aquaie. 

lietta  Marmntia  Haj,  eldol  daushler  of  Jamea  Haggard,  oq.,  of  Bradenham  Hall, 

the  Ule  Sir  John   "nieophihn  Lee,  of  to   Caroline,  joungeat   daughter  of   B. 

Lauriiton  Hall,  Torquay.  DavJtan,  etq. 

—  At  Hampiteail  Church,  Caplun  —  At  Todmordeti,  Henry,  second  ion 
Fenwick,  It.  E.,  to  HeMer,  daughter  of  of  John  Bracktebunt.  eaq.,  M.  P.,  to  Ann, 
Jame*  ComM  Meliill,  ttq.,  SecKtary  lo  aecotid  daughter  of  John  Fielden,  eeq., 
-     "       -    -  •   ■■    Ute  M.P.  for  Oldham. 

—  Al  SloTwleigh,  Ihe  Hod.  and  Re*. 
Henry  Pill  Cholmondelev,  jonngeM  aoa 

„    ...  of  uird  Delamere,  lo  the   Hon.   Mary 

Biahop  of  Lichfield.  Leigh,  daughter  of  Lord  Leigh,  of  Sione- 

—  Al  St.  Maiy"^  Woolwich,  Jamei  E.  leish  Abbey. 

T.  Parratt,  esq..  Surgeon,  R.  A.,  lo  So-  8.    At  Su  George'i,   Hanoi eraquara, 

phia  Barnea,  only  daughter  of  Sir  John  Robert  Feel  Dawson,  esq.,  to  tha  Hon 

Webb,  K.C.H.,  Woolwich.  ..___,.,.__....,„.         ....      . 


I.  At  the  Catholic  Chapel,  S^niih- 

Pai 
1.  Al  Calcutta,  Charies  P.  Montr^r, 


ijhapel,  Spanii 

place,  and  aAerwardi  al  St.  John's  Chun 
She    ■ 

.    ...    ..,...._                                ,  ....         ..1UQ| 

_.,,  of  the   E.  I.  C.  S.,  10   Catherine,  of  Sir  Fiancia  Dei  Angei. 

■ecood  deleter  of  Welby  B.  Jackson,  —  Al  Brighton,  Heoiy  A.  Story,  oq.. 

«aq.,  Judge   in  the  Budder  Oenanuay  Comm.   R.N.,  to   Conaantia  Catherine 

Adawlut.  Anne,  only  daughter  of  John  Bound,  esq., 

_  B.    F.  Wingfield.  ck|.,  2nd   Life  late  M.  P.  for  Maldon. 
Guards,  lo  Prances  Emily,  elderi  daugh-  —  At  Kinnton  Church,  Hanta.  Corn- 
ier of  LieuL-Col.  the  Hon.  Georse  Hioe  mander    Fredrick    Kemble,    R,N.,    lo 
Trevor,  M.P.,  of  Bromham  Hall,  Bed-  Georsina  Eliia,  eldest  daughter  of  LieuL- 
lord.  Gen.  Sir  David  Ximena^  K.C.H. 

8.    Al   St  George's,  Hanover-aquare,  10.  At   St.  Mary's,   Islington,   Bryan 

Viscount  NcTill,  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  William  Morria,  esq.,  lo  Mary  Whiiting 

Kr   John   V.    B.   Johnstone,  hart,    of  Lever,  niece  of  William  Whining,  eaq., 

Hackneas  Hall,  Thomey  Abbey,  Cambridgeshire. 

—  At  Sl.  Paul'a,  KDightsbridge,  Lieut.  —  At  St  Maiylehone  Church,  BarfT 
Col.  the  Hon.  Robert  Bruce,  Grenadier  Tucker,  esq.,  lo  llie  Hon.  Frances  Eliia- 
Guards,  lo  KalherilM  lUary,  aecund  helh  Henley  Cnglej,  daughter  of  Ihe  late 
dau^ter  of  the  laie  Sir  Michael  Sbaw  Lord  Ongley. 

Stewart,  bart  11.  At  ^  George's,  Hanover«]uare, 

—  Al  St  George's,  Haiioier«]usre,  Ibe  Hon.  John  Arbulhnot  Keane,  RiBe 
Robert  Pollock,  esq.,  second  son  (rf  the  Brigade,  lo  Man  Jane,  youngest  daughter 
Kisht  Hon.  Lord  Chief  Baron,  to  Julia,  of  the  late  Sir  Hugh  Pailiser  Palliier,  bart, 
ftflh  daughter  of  the  late  Rei.  J.  C.  —  At  Newbold-upon-Aron,  Charles 
.Clemenls.  Evelyn   Rowley,   Commander   R.N. 

S.   Al   St  Geone's,   Hanover-square,  GraceAnnr   '--•-'—-'•  "■  - 

James  Townsend  Oswald,  eaq.,  to  Ellen  Leigh,  esq. 


S.   Al   St  Geone's,   Hanover-square,     Grace  Anna,  daughter  of  J.  W.I 
ime*  Townsend  Oswald,  eaq.,  to  Ellen     Leigh,  esq. 
.Odavia.  daughter  of  the  late  P.  J.  Miles,        —   At   the   British    Embassy,   Paris, 


CounI  Edouard  de  CoaMUc,  of  the  Chi- 


190        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

MARRIAGES. 


-  At  Quabeo,  fMmr  Browne,  e*q,,  Sanh    Matilda,   onlT  daugbter  of  Jobs 

la(«  CaM.  681I1  Light  [nhnlry,  td  Eliia-  Suraetland,    Mq^    of    MermiiM,    Tdgn- 

batb,  eldeit  dmghier  of  W.  tita««n*oa,  mouth, 

caq.  90.  At  St  OAorga*!.  MalMTer-Boai«, 

13.  At  Rome,  Oeom  William  Vidor  Henr;  Tuftiell,  «q.,  U.P.,  to  Iba  Uar 

Manley,  eiq.,  1o  Inbel,  daughfer  of  J.  Ados  Primross,  daughter  of  the  EaH  and 

Watti  Siunll,  Mq.,  of  Ilam  llail.  Sat.  Countera  of  Roseberj. 

ftHdrinie.  —  At    CbriKchurcb,    Hanti,    Martia 

10.  At  tbe  Roman   Cotbollc  Chapel,  Orove  Hanad,  oq.,  to  ElinLetha  Aiwi- 

Spaniidi-DlKa,    BdwanI    Henry    MoatTn.  dell,  Mcond  daugfaWr  of  the  late  Rct.  O. 

t*q.,  to  Anaataiii  Elinbrth,  relict  of  Ed-  C.  Frome. 
ward    Joaeph    fimfthe,    cu.,    of  Acton 

Bumell.  JUNE. 

—  At  "Dir  Church,  Deron,  Albao]>  B. 

Saiile,  e*q.,  Hotne  Pui,  Aihburton,  to  1.  At    St.  George^,   HaoorehaqtNre, 


__^,   __     ..    _ _,  ■   At  St.  Gilce-in-tbe-neldc,  Oaaj 

..■    Frederica,    daughter   of    the    Hon.  J.    Hodgun,  eiq..   BairiMer.at-La«,  to 

Cbarlei  Ewan  Law,  M.P.,  Recorder  at  Chariotle,  eldeit  daughter  of  John    S. 

London.  Oregoiy,  eu. 

IS.   At  St.  Harlint,  Dorking,  Henry  —  At   Wirktworth,   DerbTdiira,    Ed- 

Belhune,  eiq..  of  Brighton,  to  Caroline,  mund  Wilmot,  eiq.,  lo  Anne,  jouomt 

third    daughter    of    the     Rer.     Jamei  daughter  of  Fnncii  Hurt,  eiq.,  of  JMer- 

Jojice.  wailey. 

1.  ...... .1  .1  ■  ....  1  ..  —  ^j  Stonehouie,  Lieut.  Henry  Bay- 
ley,  R.N.,  to  Anne,  fifth  dau^ter  of 
Lieul.  Jamei  Runell,  lale  3rd  Royal  V.B.  * 

...  S.   At  St.  JaBiei%  Piccadilly,  the  nnr- 

wicb,  and  Rector  of  Houghlon-Ie- Spring,  riage  having  been  pretiouslj  performed 

Durham.  -  in  the  Catholic  Chapei,  Count  Pompeo 

S3.  At  St.  JohnV,  Hampateid,  Andrew  Trolli.  Guardia  Mobile  of  hii   Holiooi 

Kennedy   Hutcbiion,  eu.,    of  Cheater-  Pim  IX,,  lo  Maria,  daughter  of  C^Maia 

•quare,  to  Lady  Chetwode,  relioi  of  tbe  Richard  Hoare,  R.N. 

lale  Sir  Jaha  Chetwode.  6.  At  Ardnhan.  Robert  W.  C  Cope, 

2&    At  St.  Jamea^    Henrietta,  eldeet  eaq.,  to  Cedlii  Philippe,  eldM  daugbnr 

daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Delrei  Broughton,  of  Captain  Shawe  Taylor, 

ban.,  nfBroughlon  Hall,  Slaflbrdthire,  to  —  At  St.  George's,  Bloonubury,  ihl 

the    Rer.  William   Grice,    of    Wroiall,  ReT.  W.    Alfred    Hill,   M.A.,  U  Mary 

Warwickibire.  Can^iell,  niece  and  aole  heiren  of  the 

—  At  ttt.  Pnlt  Church,   Auckland,  iHe  Thomai  Campbell,  LL.D. 

New   Zealand.  J.    H.    Laye,   e»).,  Mth  ~  At  Port  of  Spain,  Trinidad,  John 

Regt.,  to    Emilia   Maria   Dean,  aecond  Scott  Buihe,  eiq.,  to  Martha  Maenamaia, 

daughter  of  hi)  Eioellency  Major-Oeneral  eldeit  daughter  of  tbe  Venetmbie  Aroh- 

Dean  Pin,  K.H.,  Commaoding  the  Furoei  deaoon  CunmingL 

in  New  Zealand.  —    At   Sydney,    New    South    Walel, 

—  At    Sulterton,    LinenloihiTe,  John  LieuL-Cul.    Mundy.    Deputy   Adjutant. 


Bower,  eaq.  of  the  Temple,  to  Charlotte,  General,  to  Louiia,  eldeit  daushter  of  the 
youngnt  daDghier  of  tbe  late  M^r-  lale  Hon.  and  Veiy  Rev.  Wiilian'  "~~ 
Oeneral  Sir  William  Noll,  G.C.B.  beit.  Dean  of  MancheH 


—  At  St.  Jamei'a,  London,  the  Rct.  7.    At  St.  Geoige'i,   Hanorer-iquara, 

W.  Orice,  to  Henrietta,  eldeat  daughter  Major-General    Clargea.  to  Anna  Mirii, 

of  Sir  Henry  Delvei  Broughton,  bart.  daughter  of  Sir  T,  B.  Lcthbridga,  but 

25,   At  St.  Geoige'i,  Hanorer-iquare,  —    At  Trini^  Cburch,  MaryleboM, 

Henij,  yoongeat  ton  of  Joieph  Bailey,  William  Malet  Danny,  eaq.,   lo  JoUa, 

•aq.,   M.P.,  of  GUnuak   Park,  lo   Haiy  dau^ter  of  Edward  Marjoribanki,  eaq. 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.  191 

HARRIAOES. 

ft  At  Poiglen  HouM,  BmflBhlre,  W.  of  ibe  late  Sir  AmbroM  Hontingtt  OaMM, 

Cosmo  Gordon,  esq.,  of  Fyiie  Cutle,  to  Chief  Juuice  of  Ceylon. 

Huj  GnMMi  third  diugbter  of  Kr  Robert  21.  At  St.  George'i,  lIinoTer-K|uai«, 

Abereromby,  birt.  WilliBin  Jonn  Lojd,  etq.,  lo  Caroline 

10.    At  St.  Lukc'l.    Cbelwa.   Liooel  Oertrude,  •econd  diuf^ter  of  J.  H.  Viviu, 

Ame*,  esq.,  of  The  HWe,  Bedfbrdihite,  eu^H.P.,  of  Singleton,  Soutii  Wilei. 

to  AusuMa   Percy,    cldM  diugtiter    of  22.  At  St.  George'i,  Bloonubury,  Sir 

Sir  Join   Moiyllion  Wilwn,  CB.    md  CbvlM  Fellowi,  of  Mont*gue.plMX,  to 

K.H.  Hunet,    widow    of    the    Ute    Wiltiun 

—  At    Crouh<nite,    June*    Georn  Knigbi,  exj.,  of  OtkUnds.  Uerti. 
Boucher,  eiq.,  to  ChuiiMte.  Kcond  daugh-  —  At  SL  Peler%  Eeton-iqiure,  George 
ter  of  the  Rer.  Junei  Biuh,  of  Ddehead  Grenieil  Glyn,  eiq.,  to  G«orgiui«  Harw, 
Hall,  CmnberUnd.  eldett    duigtater    of  tb«    Rer.    Geoi^ 

la  At  Wotlon,  Surrey,  the  Rer.  Lewii  TulbeU. 

Praadi  Bagol,  fourth  ion  of  the  BMop  —  At  'St.   Gilei'i,   Rewiiog,    LieiiL- 

of  Bath  and  Wells,  lo  CaibenDe,  (bird  Gen.  Jam**  WeUi,  to  Marianne,  widow 

daufihter  of  tbe   Hon.   and   Rer.  John  of  R.  H.  Tbonuu,  e>q. 

Etelyn  Boaeawen.  —   At  St.  George'*,    Hinorer-Kiuare, 

—  At  Milford  Churdi,  Ftancia  Ed-  the  Rer.  F.  Howlen.  to  Pnuires  Jane, 
ward  Guiie,  esq.,  to  HenHetIa,  Mcond  tecond  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  William 
daughter  of  the  lata  Sir  Jamea   Rivett  Rawaon. 


Camac,  bait  _  At  Leamtngton.  W.  F.   1 

14.  In  the  Chapel  of  the  Britiib  Am-  eaq.,  9<h  Lancen,  lo  FrRnce*  Jane,  daugh- 
b— lador,  at  Parii,  tbe  Re*,  Edward  Sej-  ter  of  tbe  late  Jothua  Nunn,  eaq. 

Dour,  to  Eliiafaelh  Anne,  fourth  daughter  —  At  St.  Oeorge'i,   Hanonr-aquare, 

of  Charlei  F.  Dailey,  eiq.,  of  Dublin.  Sir   Percy    HoreQce    Shelley,  batt,    of 

15.  At  Trinity  Oiurch,  Balh,  Captun  Tield  Place,  Suaei.  only  ton  of  tbe  late 
Dixbye  SL  Vincent  Hamilton,  Second  Percy  Byiihe  Shelley,  lo  Jane,  widow  of 
Queen'*  Royal*,  to  Mary  Fnncei,  daugh-  tbe  late  Hon.  Mr.  St.  John. 

ter  of  tbe  late   Heni;  Sankey,  eiq.,  of  —  Al  Walford,  Captain  K.  H.  Crafton, 

Green  Pirii,  Bath.  R.A.,  to  France*  Mary,  woond  daughter 

—  At    St.    John"*    Chorch,    Clifton,  of  Arthur  C.  Manh,  eaq. 

Herbert  Mascall  Curtei^  M.  P.,  of  Wind-  04.  At  St  Janie*%  Weriboume-tentM, 

mill  Hill,  and  Peaimanh  Pivx.  Siwex,  David  T.    Anited,  etq..   M.A.,  P.R.&, 

to  Paulina,  youngeat  daughter  of  the  late  Profeaaor  of  Geology  in  King'*  College 

Rev.  Sir  John  Godfrey  Thomat,  bart. ,  of  London,    fcc,    lo     AnguHa    Dorothea 
Htckett,  youngetl  duighler  of  tbe  lata 
'     BaiUie,e«>. 


Alexander  Baillie,  etq.  ~ 

-~  At  Hove  Cburch,  Brighton,  Lteul^ 

uuiHu.  Col.  Brooke*,  24tb  R^raenl,  lo  Mary 

—  At    Edinburgh,     LieuL-CoL    D.  Jane,  eldett  dai^ter  of  tbe  late  Arthur 
Ewart,  to    Ann,    daughter    of   the  late  Burdett.  etq. 

Lieut.-Gen.  the  Hon.  John  Ramtey.  06.  At  Clifton,  Captain  Hemy  B.  Sa- 

J9.  Al  St.  Vlncenfi,  Gso^  Bensibrd,  ville,  R.A.,  to  Maij,  eldart  dai^ter  of 

etq.,  A.D.C.  lo  hii  Excellency  Sir  John  ibe  late  Comeliut  O'CallMhon,  «q. 

Campbell,    bort,    lo    Bliiabelb.    eldett  27.   At  Draycot  Ceme.  Willi,  Charka 

daughter    of   tbe    late    Captun   Donald  John  Newhy,  etq.,  of  Ride,  Ue  of  Wwht, 

Maclean,  Queen't  Roytli.  to  Emitia,  third  daugluer  of  the   Ber. 

20.  C^>aJnGeorge  Wodehauie,R.N..  Henry  Bany, 

to  Eleanor  Chariolte,  daughter  of  Andrew  —  At   St.  George'*,   Hanovcrjquai*, 

Mortimer  and  Lady  Emily  Drummond.  Lord  A.    Edwin  Hill,  to    Mary  Emily, 

—  At  All  Soula'  Chiudi,  Langbam-  aldeH  dai^ibter  of  Sir  Ridwd  Sutton, 

{lace,  Ednard  CoUton,  esq.,  JAth  KiDg'l  bait. 

Iwian,  to  Louiia  Rupeita,  Mett  dau^-  —  At  Leedt,  tbe  Re*.  George  H.  O. 

Kr  of  the  Rev.  E.  Murray.  Anton,  to  Auguita  Agnet,  elded  daughter 

—  At  Frittenden  Chuidi,  Kent,  Georg«  of  tbe  Ret.  Dr.  Hook,  Vicar  of  Leedt. 
X _  Youn^,  Royal  Canadiu)  Riflo,        28.  j""  "- —  " ' '  '  " 

>  Marianne,  youngetl  daugbtct  Clair,  e 

of  tbe  late  Rev.  George  Moore.  tecood 

—  At  Weybridge,  tbe    Rev,   Franei*  eiq. 
Tat«^  U.  A.,  lo  Emma,  youngait  daughter  —  Al  8L  Haiy't,  BfyawtonaiquiWt 


192        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

MARRIAGES, 

iltior  GeoT«e  Balfbur,  Msdrai  ArtiUery,  —  At  All  Sainls'  Churdi,  Muiktone, 

to  Chvlolte   iMbell*,  Ihird  ctaugbter  of  the    R«».   Wiliiun    Harre}',    M.A.,   of 

JoKph  Hum.  «q. .  M.  P.  Brweno-  Co"^.  Oj^"*- »  ^"'^°S}J 

—  At  Clifton,  ibe  Rot.  Chwlet  Dii«b-  daughler  of  Williun  Sibbald,  ttq.,  M.D. 
■rood  Ooldie,  to  HarriM,  voungeM  lUugh-  '2-  At  Warblington  Church,  Hint*, 
ler  of  the  lUe  Colonel  Jamei  Nicol.  Ciptain  Arthur  Lowe.  R.N..  to  K.tbeno«, 

29.  Ai  Mortlske  Chureh,  iheKev.  T.  joiingeM  duigbter  of  Vice-Adroinl  Sir 

Nubill  Irwin,  to  Einilj  Msrii  Wiring,  John  A.  OmmuiDe;.  K.CB. 

fouaeettdiughtsioftbcUleMajar-Gea.  13-  A'  Hatfield,   Herta,   Monier  WQ- 

Jamet  Aleiander.  ■'""».  f*^-  "f  '^e  Eul  India  Collie, 

—  At  Bath,  Alfred  A.  Wallis,  mn.,  la  lUilejburj,  to  Julti  Grantham,  TOungot 
Gloriant  MareareHa,  only  child  of  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  F.  J.  Fsithfull. 
Uls  Captain  J.  Sandan,  C.B.,  R.N.  —   At  St.  Geoise'i,  HaDOTer-aquar^ 

—  At  St  John'a  Church,  Paddington,  Ood«Jiall  Frederick  JobraoD,  tt^,  lo 
Jame»Spedding,ew.,  to  Emily',  joungeit  France*  Beokford,  aecond  daughter  of 
dauffhter  of  the  late  Hon.  William  Freda-  Maior-General  Yalta. 

ricK  WTDdham  ^^'  ^  Farnbom,  John  Bonham  Carter, 

^             '  caq.,  M.P.,  of  Buriton,  Hanta,  to  I-Buta 

,,,,  „  Maria,   joungeit   daughter   of    G«oige 

iVLY.  Thomai   Nicholaon,  esq^   of  Warer% 

Abbej,  Surrey. 

la   At  the  Chi 

^ ^ St.  Maiylebone,  ( 

Tsi^  Thomaa' John  TjrwhiU  Jonea,  M.A.,  lo  Maria  Georpna,  elde*  di   „ 

hart.,  of  Stanley  Hall,  Bridooonh.  of  Lieut.-Gen.   Sir  Andrew  PitkingtOD, 

4.  Al  Ho*e  Church,  Brighton,  William  K.CB. 

S.R.Nurcott,  Major  in  the  Rifle  Brigade,  —   At   Hambledon    Church,   QqitaiD 

to  Fmncea  Maiianne,  ddcM  daughter  of  Henry  Lavie,  Bombay  Army,  to  Fanny, 

the  late  George  8.  E.  Duraot,  en.,  of  only  child  of  G.  H.  Jonei,  esq.,  M.  D, 

Tong  Caalle,  Shropihire.  —  At  St.  Muj-a,  Battenea,  the  Vene- 

—  At  Bidiopibounie  Church,  Kent,  rable  Archdeacon  Harriioo,  to  biabetla, 
Samuel  Lucai  Lancaaler.  e»q.,  of  Water,  third  daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Thom- 
ingbury  Place,  to  Mary  Yelierton,  aecond  ton,  caq.,  M.  P. 

duigbur  of  the  Hon.  and  Rer.  William  —   At  Bathwick   Churdi,   Bath,  the 

Eden.  Rei.  Geoi^  Edward  MurT»,  eldeat  aon 

5.  Al  Wauregwan,  Port  Philip,  George  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Rocbcater,  to 
B.  Wrey,  eiq.,  E.1,3.,  to  Sarah,  aecond  Penelope  Francet  Eliiabelh  PembertOD, 
dau&bler  of  the  late  Colonel  Cuning-  youngert  daughter  of  Brigadier-General 
hune.  Auilin,  K.C.T.S. 

19.  At  Marylebone  Church,  Dr.  RG. 
Latham,  M.D.,  F.R.S.  to  Eliiabelh, 
eldest  (bughter  of  George  Coltam,  esq., 
Manor  Houae,  St.  Joho^  Wood. 

..__-...    ..    ,    ~    ,  20.  At  St.  George'i,  Hanoier-aquare, 

cMert^daughter  ^r  tbalale  General  Sir  George  Viacount  Dupplio,  eldeit  mn  of 

William  Anion,  barL,  K.CB.  the   Earl  of  Kinnouli,  to   Lady  Emily 

il.   At   Kenilworth   Chureh,   George  Blanche  CharioUe  Someraet,  third  daugb- 

Ausuilu*  Cranley  Oniiow,  e^.,  to  Mary  ter  of  the  Duke  of  Beaubrt. 

Harriet  Anne,  eldeat  daughter  of  Major-  —  At  Woodbury  Saltenon,  the  ReT, 

General  Loflua.  ■Jo*""  Thornycroft,  of  Thornyerofl  Hall, 

—  The  Hon.  Captain  ChaHea  R  W.  Cheihire,to  Chariotte  BUncbe,of  Green- 
Forealer,  brother   to  the    preaenl   Lord  dale,  third  daughter  of  John  BeauOMOt 
FoT«rter,  to  Lady  Maria  Jocelyn,  youogeit  Swete,  bkj^  "^  O^""'  ?.*"^''- 
daunhleroftheiiarlofRoden.  2J.  At 'Tor,  William  Clarke,  eeq..  We 

--  Al  Teflbnt  Chnrcb,  Maurice  Kea-  SBtb  Regiment,  to  Mary,  widow  of  Sir 

tinae.  ew.,  of  Merrion-aquare,  Dublin,  to  John  Edward  Honeywood,  barL 

Ellen   Ffora.  youngeat  daughter  of  the  22.    At  SL  John^   Paddington,   Sir 

late  John  Thomaa  Mayne,  caq.  William  White,  of  Elm  Lodge,  Jinchej, 

—  At  Tor,  William  Clark,  e«].,  of  to  fiarab,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late 
Oawalda,  Torquay,  to  Mary,  widow  of  the  Richard  Johnion  Lockelt,  eiq. 

Ute  Sir  John  Edward  Honywood,  bart.  —  At  Hordle  Church,  near  Ljmic^ 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE:  193 

MARRIAGES, 

ton,  Tbomu  E.  SymoniUi  Comm&nder  3.  At  Trinilj  Church,  St.  Marylebone, 

R.N.,  to  Anna  Pnacea,  only  child  of  ibe  EllioU  Gra>elt,eiq.,i>f  Cbeshun-Ureel.to 

Ule  J.  O.  Sdioeitzer,  cm.,  nf  SoutbsJl,  Geoi^iana,  daughter  of  Edmud  Majori- 

Hiddlescl,  anil  nidow  of  Ihe  Rev.  Nicho-  btnla,  ew|.,  of  Wimpole^treet. 

lai  Undd.  —   Al  St.  George's,  HuiuTer-iqiure, 

25.  At  Kingtfon  Church,  Portiea,  Dr.  ibe  Hon.  Ralph  Heneage  Dultoo,  (bird 
Ednard  George  IrrJag,  Surgeon  R.N.,  aon  of  the  Lord  Sherborne,  to  Iiabella, 
to  Luc;  Elizabeth  Haynei,  second  daugb-  the  joungot  daughter  of  the  late  John 
ter  of  Arthur  Morrell,  esq.,  ConiinaDder  Maiufield,  esq. 

R.N.  —  Al  the  Chapel  In  Killerton  Park, 

—  At  WolTerbampton,  Lieut  John  Devonshire,  Arthur  Mill*,  esq.,  of  Hyde- 
HiuUbkid,  R.M.,  to  Julia,  eldeal  daughter  pork-gardens,  to  Agues  Lucy,  second 
of  the  lale  Thomas  Lovatt,  esq.  daughter  of  Sir  Tbomai  Dyke  Aclaud, 

26.  At  Charing,  (he  Re*.  Jnho  William  hart,  of  Killerton. 

Cuiant,  to  Frances  Catherine,  youngest  4.    At    Paris,    Henry    ChaiDpion    de 

^ghierofLieuL-Coi-Groiea,  or  Bough'  Crcangny,    esq.,    to    Charlotte,    eldeit 

ton,  Keot.  daughter  of  John  Fitter,  esq. 

~  At  Colnall,  Uetefbrdsbite,  the  Rer.  8.  At    All    Souls'    Church,   Langham. 

George  Henry  Sumner,  M.A.,  fourth  son  plus,  the  Hon.    DelaTol  Aslley,  second 

of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  to   Mary  son  of  Lord  HaMingi,  to  Ibe  Hon,  Frances 

Elisabeth,  youngest  daughter  of  Thomas  Manners   Sutton,   daughter  of  the   Late 

Heywood,  esq.,  of  Hope  End.  Viacount  Canterbury. 

—  Al  SouuiaiDpton,  LjDdoch  Douglu,  —  At  West  Tnyfbrd,  the  Ret.  Cun- 
esq.,  to  Laura  Susannah,  youngest  daugh-  ningham  Boothby,  Id  Jane,  only  daiu[bler 
ter  of  the  late  Lieul.-Gen.  Sir  Arch,  of  the  Isle  Rohert  Tod.esq.,  orHeatbery- 
Campbell,  bart.,  G.C.B.  hough,  Dumfriesshire. 

27.  At  All  Saints'  Church,  Southamp-  —  At  St.  Mary's  Church,  Bryonstone- 
ton,  Ednard  PcUen  Hammet  Uisber,  square,  Hon.  Joceline  Percy,  second  son 
esq.,  R.M.,  to  Charlotte  Maria,  youngest  of  the  Earl  of  Beverley,  to  Lady  Grant, 
daughter  of  the  Rot.  Edward  Duke,  of  relict  of  Ihe  late  Sir  Robert  Grant,  Go* 
Lake  House,  Wilto.  veraor  of  Bombay. 

28.  At  Si,  Geowe'B,  HanoTer-square,  —  At  Legliom,  William  Henry  Bel- 
Sir  Hennr  Chudleigh  Oienden,  hart.,  of  lingham,  M.D.,  of  Pisa,  to  Kliubelh, 
Broom  Pork,  Canlerbuiy,  lo  Eliubelh  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Robert  Graham, 
Hitebe,  daughter  of  Mr.  King,  lale  of  M.D.,  Professor  of  Botany  at  Ihe  Uni- 
Rupert-UreeL  •  ver^ity  of  Edinburgh. 

9.   At  Onston,  Ohver  W.  Farrer,  esq., 
barrisler-at-law,  to  Emily,  only  daughter 

AUGUST.  ofthe  Rev.  R.  B.  Cooke. 

—  At  Snanage,  Dorset,  Henry  ColteU 

L   At   St   Mary's,   Bryanstone-iquoie,  Toby,    LieuL    R.N.,  lo    Emma    Sophia, 

Charles  Francis  Comnton,  esq.,  to  Au-  daughter    of  the    bte    Coplaiii    BUsiett, 

gusia  Lawrell,  only  daughter  of  Lieut-  R.N. 

Gen.  Sir  George  Quenlin,  C.B.,  KC.H.  10.  At   Kenn   Church,   near   Exeter, 

—  Al  Trinity  Church,  Chester,  Hugh  Samuel  Weore  Gardiner,  esq.,  of  Coombe 
Hope,  esq.,  of  Fludyer- street,  Westmln-  Lodge,  Whitchurch.  Oion,  b>  Isabella 
Stcr,  lo  Catherine,  youngest  daughter  of  MsJlet,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Lanrence 
the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Archibald  Spens.  Vaughou  Palk,  bart. 

~     At    Castlemartin,    Pembrokesbire,  —  At  Croydon.  W.  A.   Pumell,  esq., 

Richard    Byrd    Levett  esq.,   of  Milford  Physician -Gen.  Bombay  Army,  to  Emily, 

Hall,    Staffbrdshire,    lo   Elixoheth    Mary  daughter  of  the   late   Lieut-Col.   Kelly, 

Mirehouse,  eldest  daughler  of  the  Com-  K.S.A.,  1st  Life  Guardo. 

moD-Sergeant  of  London.  —   At  St  Michael's,   Chester-square, 

2.   At  Lyndburst,  the  Rev.  Stephen  R.  W.  Franklin,  esq.,  only  son  of  Ibe  late 

'Cortwrighl,  to  Lady  Fanny  Hay,  daughter  Sir  W..  Franklin,  Chief  Jusdce  of  Madras, 

of  William,  15th  Earl  of  ErroL  to  Fanny,  second  daughter  of  J.  G.  Mur. 

—  At  Ihe   Cburcb  of  St  Pierre  du  doch,  esq. 

Bois,  Guemsev,  the  Rev.  Carey  Brock,  —  Al  All  Souls',  Marylebone,  Arthur 

to  Frances  Ehiabeth  Gwigiaiia,  second  Mont-igue,  esq., loJulianaLouisa,  second 

daughter  of  the  late  Lieut-CoL  Henry  daughter  of  Sr  G.  W.  Denya,  Bart 

Baynes,  K.H.,  R.A.  —  At  St   Georoe's,  Hanover-square, 

Vol.  XC.  O 


194       ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

MARRlAOEft 

LardCbufesPelluuliClinton.aecenilMO  —  At  LjaUm,  HoMb  D«T<n,  Artliar 

of  the  Dnle  of  NewoMle,  lo  Mht  OrenC,  K«iwiiigt<m.  taq.,  (o  Rebeeck,  du^iMr 

lUughler  of  the  \ttaV.  Gtint,  caq.,  of  of  Rev-AdminJ  Leg«7t,  C.B. 

Common,  N.  B.  —  Al  Lougball,  Jcrau  WhUMd  De 

—  At  Willingbrd,  Berk*,  Joha  Henry  Bum,    en.,    to    Adm    Elin,  tougctt 

Aihbunt,  BK]^  of  WUenlock,  Oifbnk  duiKlit«roftbeltl«NubnMO*rtaid,«Mi. 

■hire,  to  Eliirtielli,  ^"gbtct  of  ThomM  —  At  8t  Geoi2^ii    r 


Dnffield,  M.,  of  tbe  Prior?,  Wallins-  th«    Hon.    W.   H.   Leigb,  Oiett  tarn  d 

tbrd,  taU  M. >.  for  Abiogdon.  Lord  Ldgh,  to  Lmij  CuoUb«  Andk 

' —  At  St,  Mary's,  Biysiuton^tquire,  GnNTeDor,OnutIiduigbteroflbe  Mmt*^ 

Thomu  Omtmniiey  l^non.  e*q.,  to  M*r>  of  WerinlnMer. 

Bvet  Augtnh,  tbjrd  daughter  of  Hemy  94.  At  St  Jofan'i  Ohapel,  BdMiiii|b, 

Elm*,  oq.  WtUiuD  hathitii  Bwley,  e«|.,  to  Prnca 

—  At  St.  Jamea'i,  PIccnfilly,  tb«  Hon.  Byne,  jouiigcM  dau(fater  of  John  N'L«aii, 
Bpenccr  Lyttleton,  to  Henrietta  Come-  Mq. 

wall,  «ldEM  daughter  of  the  tale  Prcderkl  —  Al  Bbtoo  Church,  Bdil«d  Andm 

Hamilton   Comewill,  e«q.,   of  Delbnry  Noel,  e«)..  Slit  Re^meat,  to  Swah  G^i 

Hall,  Sfaronbire.  yonngeat  dnshter  of  tha  late  W.  B.  E^ 

—  Al  Sbaw^rfMn-Donolngton,  Namau  irin,  eaq.,   df  Bliton  HaU,  NoRiiigbKB- 
Jobn   Senior,  esq.,  Barriiier-al-Law,   to  ihire. 

Jane  Eliiabelh,  only  dwigfaier  of  John  —  Al  BoMre  Church,  tbe  Ker.  Artlnt 

Hugfaefc  eaq.  Eden,  to  AHoe  Juba,  daughter  of  "^ — " 

~  Ai  Chlngfbrd,  Enei,  CbaHea  Mo-  Annetley    Wbitn-     '-       '' 

thew  Wbhehunt,  esq.,  of  St.  John's  Hill,  county  'Wufiird. 


~  Ai  Chlngfbrd,  Enei,  Charles  Mo-  Annesley    Wbitnej,    esq.,    of    Meftom 

.  .  t  Wbilehunt,  esq.,  of  St.  John's  Hill,  county  Wufiird. 

BatletKa-rtie,  to  Fanny,  eldeat  daughter  30.  AtSt.  Oeorge-Ae-Mu^,  Qom»- 

of  Sir  Robert  Sharpe  Almlie,  bat.  square.  Dr.  Damon,  Hth  R^sliMM.  >» 

II.  At  Wretbain,  Alexander  Charles  Jane  Marion,  onlvdaariilar  of  Major  and 

M'Lmd,  esq.,  surgeon-aen.,  to  NelKna  Lady  Jane  Tayler,    Ro&ietnay  Houm, 

Marrion,  dai^ter  of  Aifiniral  HacUnar.  Baaftbim. 

'-    At  Tettenbal),    Chvlet   Cbandos  31.  At  Boldre  Cbtirdi,  HaMs,  Gdwald 

Pole,esq.,to  Anne  CoDslaiitIa,  (hnghur  Forbes,eiq.,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Bouay 

of  Henrj  Hill,  esq.  in    King's   Colt^[e,    London,    to  Essii; 

14.    At  the   British    Embassy,    Paris,  Marianne,  youngeat  daughter  of  ibe  laB 

Henrr  Champion  De  Crespi^y,  esa.,  to  Muor.Gen.     Sir     CbailM      Aihwodh, 

CharloHe,  eldest  daugfaler  of  John  Fitter,  K.C.B.,  K.T.a 

«aq.,  of  Westend,  near  Southanplon.  —  At  tbe  Grange  HouiBi  Edinburgb. 

—  At  Eieter,  Oeorge  C.  Holroyd,  Captain  W.  J.  Wilson,  E.LC.  a,  lo  Ms* 
esq.,  to  Frances  Hatlon,  eldest  daughter  of  dalena,  uxth  daughter  of  the  hUe  Sir 
tbe  lile  Rev.  Bdmrd  Harinf^n.  Thomas  Dick  Lauder,  btrL,  of  Grange 

19.  At  Famham,  Francis  Man,  esq,,  and  Fountainhall. 

of  Arte,  Bury,  lo  Anne   Maria  Selina,  —  At  InaistKwne,  ChMrfes  B,  PbUoc^i 

daaghteTOf  Ibelale  WadhamLoc):e,esq.,  eu).,  of  the  Inner  Tein|Je,toNicolaS0plM, 

M.P.,  of  Rowdeford  House,  Wilts,  and  seeond  duighler  of  the  Ret.  H.  HerbW. 

■ridoiT  of  the  btt  George  Putefoj  Ter-  —    At    Scolter,    Lincolnshire,    Joha 

*olw,  esq.  Langshair,  eaq. ,  lo  Jaae,  second  daughter 

—  Al  Oreenwleb,  Hobnes  Coote,  esq.,  of  tbe  late  Ueot-Col.  Fleleher. 
to  Jessie  Blancbe,  daughter  of  John  Her> 

ben  Koe,  esq.,  Q.C.  and  Judge  of  tbe 

Oounly  Courts.  SEPTEMBER. 

IT.    At    KiUaloe   Calbedral,    Chadet 

Bdwtrd  Astell,  esq,,  to  Harrietle  Dare,  I.    At  Westoir,    YorMIre,    Bdmfd 

'  '      '  ■      3f  Ffwids  Speight,  ck).,  Clougfa   Taylor,  wq.,  to  SopMe  Mary, 

.  _      ,            .  Tipperary.              "  eldest  daughter  of  tbe  late  R«T.  Tbom* 

la    At    Ladyland    House,   Aynbire,  Honisan,  of  Flrbt. 

CapttJD  Robert  Wylle  Wilson,  to  Janet  5.    Al  Maiylebone  Chunb,    Kebaid 

Obogott,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Rogers   Cotnell,   esq.,    of   DMrdeswef 

William  Cochrane,  esqT,  of  Ladyland.  House.   Giouces4enhlra,  to  Ellen,  only 

S3.   At  West  Twyfbrd,  Edmund  Burke  child  of  Godfrey  Hugh  Maan  Baker,  asq. 

Hocbe,  esq..   M.P.,   to  Elite  Caroline,  _  At  Brighton,  fhonus  WllHana,  »> 

«ldeit  dauhter  of  J.  B.  Boolhby,  trn.,  Adelaide    Sophia   CaUcbefaana,  trilcl  of 

of  Tttyfcrd  Attbey,  Hiddleaei.  T.  a  SympHHi,  esq. 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.              1»S 

MARRIAGE  3. 

—  At  St.  Untio'Hn-lfac-FieMB,  George  —  At  Obnmiw,  LieuL  F.  C.  Hcr> 
W.  J.  BapUm,  taq.,  M.P.,  to  Lad;  Jane  bert,  R.N.,  to  BiMia  Nmanhan,  jomig- 
SeTiiKiin' Fitigerald,  cnlj  daughler  oftto  M  duflbMr  of  tb*  ble  Cut.  Henry 
Dnka  of  LdinUr.  Stuut,  69lh  Btgineat 

—  At  Beilej,  the  Rer.  Gearae  A.  la.  Al  Clevedon,  LieuL-CoL  David 
Ua^Ue,  M.A.,  to  Elin^Mtli  Buc£an>n,  Forbaa,  Bombs;  Anoy,  to  Amelina, 
■eeond  daughter  of  H.  J.  WoUaMos,  eu.  dangtiter  of  the  late   Sev.  Dr.  ^ward 

6.  At  Lackhamptoa  Church,  Captain  Daniel  Clarke. 

EdmnI  Waita,  la  Mwia,  Koond  daughter  14.    At    SL    Olave'a,    ia   lUit«reet, 

erf  Uajor-Geaetal  Swinaj,  of  the  Boigal  "            ........               .  ™. 

Artillery. 

—  Al  St  Mary'i,  Bryanitoae-aiuare,  ef  iha  Her.  John  Lett.  U.  A. 
Tboi^  George,  eldeat  aon  of  the  Ki^ht  —  At  Clifton,  Major  Fkihetbirl,  <4 
Hon.  Sir  Fiancii  Baring,  barl,  to  l!lii».  Ibe  Rifle  Brigade,  to  Sunn,*MMDd  daugh- 
belh  Harriet,  third  daughter  of  Henry  ter  of  lb*  late  Michael  Hiutno  CwtKe«q. 
Chvlea  Stnrt,  eu).  —    At    Chiiwick    Church,     CafNaiB 

7.  At    LeazBiDglDD,    John    Carnegie,  Smart,  K.H.,  K.N.,toBliiabelh  InlidB, 
e*q.,  to  Elizabeth  Suaan,  daiwbter  of  the  oo^    dan^Mr    of    tbe   lata    " 
late  Cotooel   Gtfi;,  of  tha  Royal   Svoib  Shmpc^  eaq..  of  Pleet.sIreM. 
Oreyi.  —  At  Br^hlon,  the  Rev.  Robert  Sey 

—  Al  Great  Yaimoulh,  Steward  mnit  Naib.loElinbetfa,  teoonddaiwhter 
JohoBon,  esq.,  to  Emms  Lacon,  jouageM  <rf  tbe  Ri^t  Hon.  William  Yat«*  Pad, 
dai^hler  of  Edirard  Yooal],  eaq.  of  Bagintoo  Hall,  Warwiekihii*. 

—  At  St.  Paul'a  Church,  Malta,  Wil.  —  At  Wilmineton,  the  Rer.  ThocnaB 
Ham  WiDthrop,  eia.,  U.  S.  Cotml,  to  Crick,  Fellow  of  St.  John'i  College, 
Emma,  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Wjlliani  Caiatsidge,  Public  Onlor  ot  that  Cnk 
Curtis  bwt  venity,  to  Fiancea  Cstheiina,  only  daugb. 

—  At  BatUnen,  Robert  Harriion.ewi.,  m  of  tbe  Rer.  George  Milaa  Cm^, 
of    Bonningholine    Hall,    Yorkahrre,  to  Viar  of  Wibnlngtoo. 

KmiW,  yornigeit  dottier  of  Sir  William  IS.     Al  Napln,  Bdmrd  Jdnn  Veaey 

Stnuk  of  Bognor.  Brovn,  eaq,   Capt.  88ib  Regiment,  to 

—  At  St  Hanin'*,  Slamfard,   H^r  "    "  '        -     •      ■-       -  —       -  .    ■    . 
Woodroofle,  of  HampMead,  lo  Charlotte, 
dHigfaler  of  Dr.  Arnold.  n)at>der'li».«hief  in  tbe  Heditetranean. 

At  SL  Chad-^  Shrembury.the  Rev.  IS.  At  BtUlornn  Church,  n< 

--    -       -                  --  -■     ■      "     11  Wale,  e 

■    ,     to  .  _ 

ighler  of  hii  Grace  the  Archbiibap  of 

19.  At 
Captun  Tbomai  Oiren  Knoa,  R.N.,  __ 
LooiH  InbeUo,  ooly  daughtsr  of  tbe  lata 

Major-Gen.  Dm*-  -^-iflSi.  .*  n.j .t 

CqNam  T.  White,  i!2nd  BagiaMM,  to  Hooaa,  Bwka. 

Georgiana  Iiabella,  youngeat  daUBhler  of  —  At   Petenbam,    Sumy,    Frederick 

tbe  lata  Cohmel  Moodle.We  104lb  Regi-  Friend,  eni.,  to  Fanny,ahlMt  (*ikl  of  tbe 

nenl,  Ue  Fioderick  Tyrrll,  eaq.,  of  Otatbani' 

J2.   Al  St.  Oeorge'a,  Hannver-aqum,  place. 

Frederio    John    Fair,    M.D.,  lo    JuUa  —  At  Waleot  Chnrch,  George  Ram- 

Fanny,  second  daughter  of  K.  Lewi*,  eaq.,  my  MaJtland.  eH|.,  brother  of  Sir  Alex- 

of  Stt«tC»rd.place,  Caveadbb.aqnare.  auder  Oibton  Maitland,  bart.,  of  Clilini 

—  Al  St.  Gaorge't,  H«nover'*qii«e,  Hall,  to  Alice  Anne,  eldeat  daugfaler  of 
Aleiander  Clenifianiag  Lambert,  eu.,  irf  tha  lata  Joiiah  NUbet,  aq.,  Madiaa  Civil 
Cmiraton  Pule,  Mayo,  to  Emnu  Maris,  Sanice^ 

dao^Uercf  tbe  late  Gny  Lennol  Pren-  ~  At   St.    Peter^  Church,   Pimlieo, 

dernet,  tan-,  of  GnSoo-atreet,  and  for-  "     •    '         ......               .     .. 

iBC>iyM.P.  tor  Lymingion. 

—  Al   Corfii,  Ben    Hay   Martbdale,  Sir  Thomat  Preemanlle,  of  Swaoboume, 


John    Manley  Lowe,    lo    Uaiy,  eldett  Cbarlea  Brenl  Wale,  sao.,  of  the  Oord, 

daughter  of  lliDmas  Salt,  eaq.,  of  Sbrewt-  Canibridgesbire,     to     Henrietta,    third 

borj.  daughter  of  hia  Grace  the  Archbitbop  of 

.   .-~  At  Lcamiutoa,  Robert  Hampbrey  Dublin. 

Haviland,  eaq.,  tSad  Regimeol,  lo  Char-  19.  At  St.  George*),  Hanover.iqusre, 


Haviland,  eaq.,  9, 
lotleLmrtagei 
LaogMa^aaa.,  ol 


daughter  i 


kiaehaiOibira 
SO.  At  St  Oeoige'i;   Hanoverainiare, 
Bertie  Williama  Wynn,  eaq.,  aoo  of  tbe 
O  ii 


196        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

MARKEAGES. 

Bt^tBon.  SlrH.W.W.Wjini,G.C.H.,  —  AtlD*eiti«Mck,Pert)nhIi«,Slcurt 

Mianter  Plenipotontkr;  it  tha  Court  of  Macaightm,  ckn,  lo   AgoB*.  indra  of 

" "^iigcii,  M  MartoD,  Mcond  diugbter     CaptaiD   Lewii  She''''"    ~~'  ~~' 

te  Major-Gen.  Sir  JuDttLiiDond,  Tmiw  child 

C.B. 

—  At  HoDlred,  the  Rieht  Hon.  the  —  At  Aibaan,  Hmbx,  Jtmei  Racke, 
Eari  of  EiToU,  to  Eliu  Amelia,  eldett  e*q,,i>f  King'a  CoUem,  lo  Sanli,TomigoM 
daughter  of  Major-Geoeial  Ibe  Hon.  dausliler  of  the  late  Rer.  C.  J.  Chipmuii 
Charlea  Gone.  Minuter  of  St.  Peter'f  MaiKToft,  Notwidk. 

31.  At   Etaendon  Cbutch,  tbe    Re*.  10.  AtBradfieldChurcb.DwSbcffieU, 

Heory  Damon, to  Anne. •eaoad daugfater  tbe  \^ucount  Nortbland,  M.P.,  ddolna 

of  tbe  Hod.  Baron  Dinudale,  of  Can-  of   tbe    Earl    of    Ranfiirlvi  ta  Hairiet, 

field-place,  Hctta.  eldeal  daughter  of  tbe  late  Jomea  Elimiiig- 

33.    At  Greatbam,   Hinli,    S.   Juke*  ton,    eu].,    of    Bmombead  IbU,  Yrak* 

Wambey.  eHi.,  to  Louua  Jane,  joungetf  dure. , 

daugbler  of  the  Rei.  Dr.  Holland.  —  At  Hon,  Arthur  H.  C.  Sewdl,  oil, 

2&  At   NeirtoirDbrida,  Matthew    Bla-  to    liabe]  Jaoe,   eldeM   daughter  of  W. 

hinon,  eiq. ,  eldeM  aoa  of  Major  BlaUuon,  Woodmud  Sadleir,  eu. 

to  Anne,  daughter  of  R.  B.  B.  HouMon,  —  At  Subdeanery  Church,  ClucbcMr, 

eiq.  Han;  Whieldon,  eaq.,  to  Francea  JaMi 

—  At  Lnidhunt.NewFore*t,the  Right  ontv  dau^ter  of  Joieph  M'Caro^er,  of, 
Hon.  Lord  Mannen,  lo  Lidia   Sophia,  H.D. 

third  dau^iter  of  Captun  William  Bate-  —  At  St  Geoige'a,    HanoreMquare, 

man  DaiEwood,  R.N.  tbe   Rar.  Robert  Kiotht^  Heithcole,  V> 

—  At  Noalell  PrioT;,  Robert  M.  Croft,  Eliiabelb  BridttM,  eldeM  daugbtet  of  dn 
e«|.,  to  Cecilia  lubella,  eldeat  daughter  of  lale  Captain  and  l^j  EJiiabeth  Wdli. 


39.   At  Norwich  Cathedral,  the  Hon. 
WUiam  Wel^Addii 


Imilia,  ehleat  daughlei 

'oodilock.    Upper    Canadk 


Blaihwajt,  eaq. 
11.    At   W< 


WUiam  Well^AddiDgton,  eldeM  ion  of  LucreUa,ku 

llw  Ri^t  HoA  and  Re*.  Vitcount  Sid-  SSth  Regimi 

moutb,  to  Geoigiana  Sunn,  eldaat  daush-  12.  At   Octacamund.  Jaa.  B.  Miller, 

ter  of  tbe  Hon.  George  Pellew,  D.D.,  eao.,  lAh  (King-i)  Humn,  lo  Sc^it. 

Dean  of  Norwich.  onij  daughter  of    William    HaningtM^ 
eiq. 

—  At  St.  Gcorge'i,  Hanarer-aquuei 

OCTOBER.  Captun  Fiuicii  Pnce  Blackwood,  R.N.. 

lo  Jemima  Sarah,  aecoad  daughler  of  ibe 

S.  At  Torqu*;.  Captain Aldridse,  R.N.J  late  Jamei  Craabome  Stmle,  eeq. 

to  Har7  Anne,  eidcal  daughler  of  the  late  —     At     Gillingham,     Kent,     Arthur 

Hajor-GencTxl  Pilkington,  R.E.  George  Mildma}',  eaq,,lo  Louin  LathiDi, 

—  At  Blaenporth,  Cardiganibu^,  IJeuL  eldeat  dai^ler  of  the  Ule  Henry  Gougll 
E.  W.  I^ng,  R.N.,  to  Luc;  Ann,  eldeal  Ord,  eaq. 

daughler  of  tbe  Re*.  W.  Lewia.  _  At  St.  Johnt,  Paddington,  Gerag* 

—  At  Lochnaw  Cattle,  Wigtonihire,  Noble  Taylor,  esq.,  of  the  Madraa  Ciril 
Frederick  Lewii  Mutland  Heriot,  eaq.,  of  Serrlce,  to  May  Henrietta,  dau^ter  of 
Banomie,  Rfe,  lo  Martha,  lecond  daugh-  William  ScotI,  eaq.,  Hall'a  Place,  SL 
ter  of  &  Andrew  Agnew,  bart.,  of  Loch-  Jobo'a  Wood. 

naw.  —  At   Geiram,   Cornwall,  J.  G.  SL 

A.  At   Si.  Jamei'a,   WeMmioMer,  tha  Leger,  eaq.,  (o  Chariotle  Anne,  aeeood 

Be*.  Henry  T.  Glynn,  Rector  of  Melbury  dau^ter  of  W.  8.  Gully,  en. 

Abbai,  DiWl,  to  Mary  Frederica,  only  14.  At  Chrirtchurch,  Si.  Ma^tehmm 

daughter  of  the  late  Lieut-CoL  Schrieber,  M.  O.  Thyota,eaq.,toCBlfaerine,widowor 

of  HetlOD,  Suflblk.  tbe  [ale  Major  Smith. 

—  At  St.  Mary  AbboU'i,  Kenungton,  16.  Captain  Georse  Henry  CsTCntUili, 
Thomai  MeUadew,  ewi„  to  Prances  Anne,  1st  Lif^  Guania,  to  Bmlly  mtoria  Eliia- 
widow  of  Adam  Bromilow,  eaq.,  Bairiiler-  beth,  only  daughter  of  tbe  late  &c  Wil- 
at-law,  and  youngett  daughter  of  the  late  liam  Rumbold. 

Admiral  Sir  Rom  Donaeliy,  K.C.B.  17.  At  8t  George'*,  HanoTcr-aquiie, 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  197 

MARRIAGES. 

tba  Lord   Burghlcj,  eldMt  ion  of  the     Gmtn,  tu^.,   CiptaiD  41it  RogimeBt,  W 
HcrquUaf  EiMer,  totbe  Ladj  Oeocnana     Anns  Hani  notm,  HcoDd  diugbttr  of 
Pakenbwn,  ind    luter  of   tlia   Eul  of    the  Ulo  Major-  Oeueral  Bowea. 
LoDgfmL  2.    At  St   Georga'a,   " 


it  Mnnoorie,  Cutain  A.  Talbot  Captain  KemeTi  l^nte,  Grenadier 
Stnnn,  to  Adelaide  Dane*,  piece  to  GuanK  to  Muy  Si^hu,  eldeM  daughter 
Vice- Chancellor  Bmce.  of  the  lale  Rct.  G.  Cluttecbuclc  Frocm, 


—     At    Croom, 
Hilea,  e«).i  •Id'^  •(>■>  of  ^-  ^'^  eM|.,         4.  At  Pittenwaeo,  the  Eari  of  Nor- 


H.P..  to  Eliiabeth  Fnncea,  daughter  of    buir,  to  Stewart  Lindaaj,  leeoTtd  daughter 
Sir  DsTJd  Roche,  bart.  of  Major-Oeneral    Sir   Henry    Belhun^ 

-.  At   Sl  Joho'i   Epiicopal  Chapel,    hart,  of  Kileongubar  Houm,  Flfci" 


Fonee,  Edward    Dunliv,  eta..   Curtain  7.    At   Witbam.  Bwn,    Commander 

S^d  R^meot,  (o  Hin  Dui^,  of  Sea  Witliam  RobioKD,  R.N.,  to  Elin  Ann, 

Park,  joungeat  daughter  of  the  late  Dun-  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Captain  J.  A. 

AD  Dunbar,  nq.  Webutff. 

18.  At  Stanton  Hareourt,  Oifbrddiire,  —  At  St.  Peter^  Chun^,  Dublin, 
William  Elia>  Taunton,  eaq.,  of  Freeland  TbomH  Robert  M'Cot,  cmj.,  6Atb  Red- 
Lodge,  to  Sarah  E'enjial,  joungett  dai^-  menl,  to  Tereaa  Malilda,  youngeat  daugh- 
ter of  Perdral  Walie,  caq.,  of  Stanton  ter  <^  the  late  Major  Jamea  Allen,  Sth 
Hareourt.  Dragoooa. 

—  At  Chellaiihioi,  Robert  Hammond,  S.  At  Bath,  Sir  Edward  Dolman  Scott, 
•aq.,  LieuL  R.N-,  to  Sarah  Bliia,  onlj  ban.,of  BarrHall,  StaAmlihire,toL7dia, 
■urviviog  child  of  the  late  Mr.  W.  BIIm  widow  of  tba  late  Rev.  Edmund  Robin- 
fierrett  *on. 

—  Wniiam  R  S.  Sharpe,  esq.,  Rojal  9.  At  St  Paul's  Cathedral,  AUV«d 
Regiment,  to  Hannah  Ida,  youngest  daugh-  Lisle  March  Phillipps,  eaq.,  to  Alicia 
ler  of  E,  Kennedy,  esq.,  of  Bantis  Hotue,  Francea,  second  daugfaler  of  George 
eounl]'  of  Upperaij.  Alexander  Bushby,  esq.,  Secretarr  to  (he 

—  At  the  Crescent,  Perth,  LieuL-Col.  GoTerameDl  of  India,  Home  Depart- 
M.  Lindsaf ,  to  Matilda,  youngest  daiighler  ment. 

of  the  tale  Major-Gen.  John  Harris,  R.  A.  13.  In  GDcmsey,  Edmund  Yatta  Peel, 

19.  At  St.  Geoi^'s,  Hanonr-aquare,  eaq.,  8d(h  King's  Ugfat  Infaotnr,  to  Haiia 
DuAey  Cooita  Haiioribanki,  esq.,  to  Isa-  Frances  Knigfaton,  youiwest  daughter  of 
bella,  eldeM  daughter  of  Sir  James  Weir  the  late  Richanl  Cbadirid^  esq. 

Hogg,  ban,  M.  P.  14.  En  Moray-plaoe,  Edinburgh,  Robert 

—  At  St  James's  Church,  Westmin-  Hel^  Huicbinson  Ktugfailer,  esq,,  76th 
sler,  C^)<aiD  William  Dashwood  Graham,  Regiment,  to  Mamrel  OgilrT,  cldeit 
"      '        "     '            '     "       I,  youngrat  daughter  of  Lleut-CoL  Pkiileigfa,  of  th« 

T.  Down-  Holmn,  Ayrshire, 

an,  C.8.  and  K.CH.  1&  At  Martjr  Worthy,  HinM,  Arthur 

—  At  the  British  Embasay,  Florence,  Henry  Freeling,  esq..  Captain  Royal  Bn- 
Gerard  Lake  Brooks,  esq.,  to  Louisa,  gineen.  to  Cbarlotte  Augusta,  second 
youngest  daughter  of  Captain  Pakenham,  daughter  of  Sir  H.  Rivers,  bart 
R-N.  —  B*  special    lieeitce,    in    Metrion- 


t,  Dublin,  F 


iblin.  Fraud*  R.  Brooke,  eaq., 
Ion.    Henrietta    Mot   "      '"  * 
Ely,  to  Caroline,  only  daughter  of  the     daughter  of  Viscount  MoDCk. 
Kev.  H.  B.  Shepherd.  ~-  At  Martyr  Worthy,  near  Winchea. 

24.  At  St  George's,  HanoTer-square,     ter,  Arthur  Henry  Fceeling,  eaq.,  Captain 
J.  R.  Tomkia,  esq.,  of  Gray's  Inn,  to     R.E.,    to     Chi^otte    Augusta,    second 
Oeorgiana  Maria,  widow  of  Dr.  Glass-     daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Riren,  bart 
poole,  of  Brighton.  19.  Al  Edinbut^,  Cbvles  G.  Addison, 

31.  At   Petworth,  Richard  Southwell     esq.,  of  tbe  Inner  Temple,  to  Frances 
Bourke,  esq.,    M.  P.,   to  Blanche,    third      OctaTia  Murray,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
daughter  of  Coloitel  Wyndham,  of  Pet-     late  Lord  Crini^etie. 
worth.  21.  At  EagleKamie,  tbe  Ri^t  Rev. 

George    Tomlinson,    D.D,    Bish<^    of 
NOVEMBER,  Gibr^tir,  to  Louisa,  eldert  daughter  of 

Lieut-Gen.  the  Hon.  &t  Patrick  Stuart, 
I.  At  YealmptoD,  Derooshhe,  James     G.C.H.G. 


198 


ANNUAL    REGI8TEE,  1848. 

MARRIAGES. 

7.    At    : 


•—  At  Bt.  G«oT^^  lUnoTer-iquuc, 
Bklnnl  Dona,  nq..  of  Tuperle;,  Cbe- 
ihire,  to  Elinbcth,  tlurd  dMufater  of  Sir 
WiHbai  OoaTllle,  but.,  ^  3aulhfleld 
Lodga,  EoitboaiDe. 

—  At  8l  Peta'*,  Pimlkn,  tb*  Hoi. 
"  "",  ••  OeofniuM. 


Tomt,  ewu  to  Clum,  7011^^  I  iiigtlii 
of  LiouL-Ool.  VoiMr,  and  ninn  a?  ibe 
Dowager  Marchionen  of  Donegd. 


q; 


a  Coww,    M.P.,  M  OeofHiuM, 
«t  dwigiiler  of  iIk  Ule  Adminl  nJ 


-~  At   KBiredxtnmah,  Jaieph  Wald, 
a.,  oq.,  (a   Flon  Ifaodonil,  fouith 


Sir  Oatrf  LjnUin  BnlMr,  K.C.B.,  Htr 
Uajextyl  AmhiiJot  to  tba  Cwrt  of 
Stiia,  14  the  Um.  OwnrunB  ChwtoUe 
Muy  Welledey,  oo^  duM  of  tbe  lite 
Lord  Owlaj. 
12.  At  St.  MuTlabime  Di«nA,  Jibn 
■nwi  01oa«p,  ei^.,  to  Uwrial  £lin, 
oal;  (Uiwhcr  of  tbe  lite  LioK-OoL 
—  Hmif]',  eldeM  kid  of  Sir  Htrtrj  Mutia,  Aowdier  Guwdi. 
Otuloar,  but.,  sf  Uangu  Uoun,  Cora-  '-  At  SL  Pwttir%  Pattita,  Ruknd 
will,  to  EJlen  Peter,  niece  of  Oeeble  Brooke,  eaq.,  to  Louii*  TollacwctK,  m- 
Petar  HoUni.  eta.,  of  ColquiU  Houk,  ommI  Jai^hter  a<  Ocnecml  the  Hut.  Sr 
CnniwaU.  Aleuoder  Buff,    O.CH.,  of   Odgtfr 

aa.  AtNBwUnil.akMi»tmhire,Adol-     Cutk,  AbanlseMlurB. 
fkia  Ueetkarke,  ei^.,  of  Julian*,  Hnli,         IS.   Id  G«orge-MrMt,  EdnAargh,  Al- 
to Cecilia  Eliubedi,  eldest  dauglHcr  of    fred  T.  Fawkea,  esq.,  of  CheMMipaM, 
Captain  Ifaa  Hon.  B.  Oore,  R.N.  to  Oi^aln,  eldiM  dangfaler  at  Tbofoai 

_  At  Weimar,  Jobo  Grant,  oq.,  to     Maitland,  aaq.,  of    DnodnoMa,  ILP., 
Olga  Matilda  AlsuDdriBa,  BaronaM  de     SoKdlor-Qenenl  te  Seodaiid. 


as.  At  Bl  John'i  OhifKl,  Edlobuigh. 
John  Arcber  Moubloo,  caq,  of  HaUtn)[- 


bury,    PJKi,  to   Oeonina   Anna,  firih     only  daoBtitBr 
daughter  af  tbe   Ute  Oaaenl  Sir  Jabn     Mn.  Diifarowe 


14.  At  Si.  Pet«r->,  EatoD-Hiuare,  PUGp 
Hennr  Papj>,e«[.,eUe>tK>ii<tf  Iba  BJriiop 
of  WoTccaOr,  to  Lonim  Eleaaar  Ajmc, 
of  Colood  and  Ibe  Uoa. 


yoUQgetf  aoQ  of  tba  late  Sir  Samuel  Ro-  flaane  Cbntoae  labdla,  eideit^laagbtar 

milly,  to   La^   lillitabMh    Blliot,  third  of  W.  Petaca,  eiq. 

dangfaler  of  Ac  Earl  af  Minlo.  IS.  Al  Banaly  Chmidi,  WiiCaia  Henry 

29.   Al  St.  Jamea'*,  Paddingtou,  Cap-  Manbam  Si* la,  eaq.,  to  EoMmcnid  MariM, 

tain  Georp  ^9°°'  ^  °^  *^  '^'^  ^^~  ^Ideat  ilaughter  of  Sir  Chutci  Maraaa, 

can,  aad  7tb  Dttgooa  Guarda,  to  Looiia  ban.,  of  Trwdegir  Bark,  MoDmoutbabuc 

Anne,  ooly  child  af  John  Snir^a.M^.  IS.  At    Sc  Joholh    tMdiutin,    Sir 

-    Sa    At    Ednbufgb.    Hajnr    Rawdon  Oflley   Wakuaam    bart.,  of  Pniimnll, 

Vanal],  to  Margaret  Emily,  dauahler  of  Woroeiter,  to  Mary  Smith,  only 

Ibe  late  Sir  Alexander  Boawcll,  but.,  of  of  Ibe  late  Tbomai  AdUn^on,ai 


of  Ibe  late  Tbomai  Adunoton,  oiq. 

31.  At  All  3o>^>  auueb,  IrUnle- 
boue,  Unwio  Uaatfaente,  eaq.,  of  LaoCDU'B 
Isn,  ta  Francei  ttaam,  third  dauRhMr  of 
the  Rigbt  Hod.  Sir  Junei  Wigram,Vicc- 


fi.  At  Bad),  W.  U.  Emenon,  «»,., 
6Srd  {t^mant,  to  Ror«  BrentLa,  youi^eat 
daughter  of  D.  F.  Haynci,  eaq. 

-  ■■■■    ■  ■-    -^ireh,  Jamei  Gra- 


.       =  „  nOtde, 

R«ctor  at  Winilade,  Haola. 
—  At  Aneroft,  Jelm  Walter  Monicc, 


aa  At  Sl  Peters  Churck,  Dublin, 
Joba  DaTy  Brett,  «iq.,  Captain  ITfli 
Lancen,  to  Geornina,  jtmaga  dauriiler 
of  Colowl  R.  C.  Manwl,  Deputy-Qaar- 
temuater-GeoemJ,  DHbliB. 

37.  At  Middlewicb,  WHIiam  Wood 
Blake,  en.,  of  Winnington  Bvik,  Noitb- 
tridi,to  Ha^aret  AIm^,  jnungBT  daugh- 
ter of  LieuL-Col.  Pollock. 

—  At  St.  Mary*!,  BfyanMone-niiive, 
Ibe  Duke  de  Guicbe,  to  Emma,  oaly 
daugfatcr    of    W.    A.    Mackinnou,  e*)., 

—  At  Plymoulb,  Lieut.  Thoi.  P. 
Wrigbl,  itf   H.lt.    (Urd   R^raaol,  to 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  199 

DBAXaa-lMT. 

Muj  HmmU]',  «Ueat  dwigfalw  of  Dr.    of  GmUiori  hs  alM  fbwfat  ihrmigh  tfap 

IlunilUti.  nbole  of  tJie  iboM  but  bnUiuit  campugR 

of  the  SutleJ  in  1845-6,  being  aowed 

in  the  MTsnt  bittlai  of  Mo^kee,  Pe- 

— — — jTOiettwh,  Aliwil,  luid  Sobnuui,  ■[  irbi<* 

Uiler  plice  ha  >w  leporled  vsaodcd, 
btvicg  beea  alao  bonourablj  meotuineil 
in  Iha  preiioui  dapatcbei  of  Sir  Hanr 
" -  -^ iinl.     H^ 


DEATHS. 
1847. 


16.  At  Ln,  in  the  puiWi  of  Wilk;, 
SuRBf ,  Mtd  Mk  JoliB  Lesob,  wq.,  of  thM 
plBa  ind  Kii^  Atom  Howw,  Bmitb  wk. 
JbriMrij  H.P.  fcr  the  ircM«m  drrUoa  of 


Smilh  fiv  bii  conduct  at  Aliinl- 
gtinad  Ivo  inedali  and  two  clHpi  v 
decontioni  for  bis  unicei ;  uid  in  Apiit, 
1847.  WH  (pixMited  Eiecuiira  Engineer 
of  Cpper  AuMD- 

38.  In  MaiHw.pUc*,  Edlnbiu)^  ■K*'' 
7£,  DiTid  Enkine,  ew).,  of  Cvdran. 


13.  At  KlIhwB  Friorr, 

Ui  79tfc  ]WH,  RawAaniiy  John  ftn- 
d^cfl  Hi^  B.N.,  C.B.  Ue  oDtered 
IM  navy  in  1783,  ■■  midiUpiiiM  w  t^ 
Ttirn^  74,  oommudBd  by  CapL  (tftcc- 
wwdt  AdminI)  Ftulip  Afflick.  aod  aAcr- 
wudi  asmd  with  Ibe  lata  Uag  on  board 
tho  JM#frigBt«.  After  a  long  caicv  of 
aetire  aMwiM,  be  wia  limlmiaM  of  lbs 
QoMa,  98,  faMiag  (be  flw  of  Sir  Hfda 
Pariwr.  at  iba  bMk  of  Copanhana  in 
1801,  wbra  b*  acrrcd  a*  a  nduUMT 
wkhNekoB^tlinMn.  Hemaptomoud 
to  Iha  Bok  of  ooMMtwIw  io  1810,  and 
BffMmted  to  the  .Xlma  bomb,  cmptoTcil 
indatocaofdieUadBLeoD.  la  1613 
hit  camnModed  tti*  I^Scuk  bri^  in 
wbicb,  on  tbe  IBdi  Augual,  ba  capturad 
tbe  AmaioM  iloop  Anm,  and  fiu'  (hat 
action  be wm  promotedU  po>t4«(Ui  on 
Ibe  2Srd  of  Ibe  aama  moDtb.  He  •«» 
nominaleil  a  CoBpantH  of  Ifaa  Balb  in 
October  1815,  Md  proBelad  to  Ibe  01^1 
of  a  retired  Bear-AdBiral  Jn  NoTenilKr 
1848. 


NOVEMBER. 


1.  Am 


le  iMond  banmel,  of  Gnoaai 
ik  (18eS). 

6.  At  finnaali,  aged  51,  CivlBio  Jobn 
Grorer,  P.B.6. 

Ift  Ib  AauB,  aged  36.  Geoige  Peler 
Hebbett,  Pint  IJeui.  Bengal  Engiaaen, 
and  EuouliTe  Eagjiteerof  Ufiyer  Aama. 
Al  Die  Iwttle  of  Habwajpoor,  Dec  39, 
1848,  be  lerved  trith  the  ceMve  di*i«ii>a 
of  tiM  trmj,  aod  al  the  aiege  and  capture 


1.   Id  t 
"thaWeai 

diotioiN,  in  nqmct  to 
able  chan^a  of  neatber,  raiwd  hi*  oe- 
lebriljf,  at  a  Weatiwr  Prophet  Io  a  g^eat 
height. 

a  At  Parii,  Samuel  Duckwotlfa,  eaq., 
H.A,  one  of  the  Maslcnin  Cbanceir,  and 
one  of  tbe  Commimotien  of  Inquir;  into 
the  Law  of  Rtal  Property.  In  1887  he 
naa  returned  to  PaTliaaient  for  Leiceater, 
and  nested  hii  Kit  bj  accepting  a  una. 
tenbip  in  Oumxry  in  1639, 

7.  At  hii  leat,  Copgrove,  Yorktbire, 
aged  78,  Thotaai  Duncnmbe,eu.,Jin)tber 
to  Ibe  late  Loan)  FevenbtuB,  ind  undo  t» 
Lord  Fevenbam. 

—  At  Svdney,  N.S.W.,  io  her  57lb 
;ear,  Laih  Msrjr  Fitiroj,  wife  of  hit  Ei- 
cellenej  Am  Governor,  and  tiater  to  the 
Duiu  of  Richmond  and  Lennox.  She 
«ai  the  eldeit  daughter  of  Cbarlea  4th 
andlaleDuke,bf  La(l;Chsr]»tl«GordMi, 
eLdex  <iaughier  of  Aleumler  4tb  Duke  of 
GoidoD  I  wai  nuiried  to  Sir  Chat.  Fltxrov 
in  1820.  aod  hu  left  iuue  three  wna 
aod  one  daughler.  Her  lad^abip**  dMth 
waa  cauied  bjp  the  carriage  10  vbicb  ibe 
wu  riding,  with  hia  EicelleDC]'  (who  wi* 
diitiog)  and  Lieut.  Maatera,  being  vio- 
tendj  carried  againil  a  tree.  Ladj  Vbuj 
dledmafowminulea;  uid  Liaut.  Muter*, 
vho  >ai  hii  ExcelleBcv'i  Ajde-de-camp, 
on  theaanieemiiin^  Sir  Charlea  eicaped 
with  liiOiDg  injunea.  Her  funeral  w 
Sjdoej  w«i  attended  bj  all  tbe  officen  of 
llie  colon;,  and  upnarda  of  5000  penona 
awre  [veaenL 

12.  At  Mootrey,  aged  54,  Lieut..Cal. 
Chariea  Jaqwr  Selwjo,  Ron)  Engineer*. 
Ue  wai  at  the  attack  of  Ouadaloupe  in 
1815,  and  icrvad  aa  comoundiog  engineer 


200       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

DEATHS~)*N. 

ontbeeuterofronlieroflbeCapecirOood  at  Cltrac,  betveen  Aire  uid  Pau.     Al 

Hope  from  1834  to  1842,  comprising  tbe  ihe  peace  he  was  aent  to  America;  bul 

Caffir  mr  of  1834-5.  on  tbe  tudden  return  of  Napoleon  frnm 

13.  In  Groavenor-pUce,  Pimlico,  aged  Elba,  he  irai  recalled,  but  did  not  reach 

72,  Thomas  Orbjr  Hunter,  eaq,,  ion  and  Europe  in  time  for  the  battle  of  Walerioa. 

heir  of  Charles  Orby  Hunter,  enj.,  of  —  At  Bslb.  Mac;  Jane,  widow  of  the 

Croyland  Abbej,  Lincolnshire.   Mr.  Orbj  Rev.  Michael  Mariow,  D.D.,  Ptesidenl 

Hunter  was    a    ditlinifulihed    leader    of  of  St.  Juhn'a  CoUese,  Oxford, 

fluhionable  circlet  in  the  last  generation,  —  At  his  seat,  Stoke  Parle,  near  Ips- 

■nd  hb  name  was  prominent  in  tbe  annaU  wich,  Ihim  an  atladc  of  the   influenn, 

of  tbe  turf.  ased  61,  the  Hon.  Merrik  Lindsey  Peter 

24.  At  Biddleaden  Park,  co.  Bucking-  Bunell,  brother  to  Lord  Willoi^b;  da 
ham,  aged  54,  George  Morgan,  esq,,  of  Eresby.  Mr.  Burrell  waa  fbnoerly  Secre- 
tbat  place,  and  of  Abercolhj,  co.  Car.  tarr  of  Legation  at  the  Court  of  Dreadro. 
martben,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  (be  2.  At  Wateringburj  Place,  Kent,  of 
counties  of  Buckinoham,  Northampton,  influenia,  aged  86.  Matthias  Prime  Locas, 
and  Carmarthen,  and  a  ma(pitrate  of  those  esq.,  Alderman  al  London.  Mr.  Lucas 
countiei  and  of  Oxfordshire.  He  served  wai  a  native  of  London,  and  Eerred  bii 
tbeofficeof  Sheriffof  Buckiin  1626.  time  to  bis  father  as  alightennan;  for 

25.  Aged  65.  Alexander  Powell,  esq.,  many  yean  he  toiled  as  hard  as  any  mem- 
□f  HurdcotI,  Wtllihire.  Mr.  Powell  was  berof  the  clau  towhichbe  be1onged,and 
fomterly  SberlR'  of  Willahire,  and  sat  in  through  his  industrial  habits  and  success 
Pariiament  for  the  borough  of  Downlon  in  busioen  he  realised  an  immense  for- 
from  the  year  IB27uDlil  the  dinolution  lune.  When  Napoleon  projected  tbe  in- 
in  1830.  vasion  of  this  countrv.  bo  was  very  aetite 

in  tbe  raising  a  body  of  "  Biver  Fenci- 
faAQ  bles,"  of  which  he  was  appointed  commo- 
lo4o.  dore.  Being  intimately  connected  widi 
Tower  Ward  by  his  ihipping  and  mercan- 
JANUARY,  lile  transactions,  upon  the  death  of  Sit 
William  Curtis,  in  1S21,  he  was  unini- 
I.  In  Oloucester-road,  Regent's  Park,  mousiy  elected  to  the  vacaal  aldemunic 
Lieut-Col.  John  Babington,  late  of  Ihe  gown.  He  served  the  office  of  sheriff  in 
14lb  Light  Dragoons.  He  had  served  1822,  and  in  1827  became  lord-mayor, 
wilb  that  regiment  throughout  his  whole  During  the  year  of  bit  mayoralty  the  pre- 
career,  at  Brat  as  a  private  in  the  unfortu-  wdency  of  Bartholomew's  Hoepital  be<3nw 
nale  expedition  to  Quiberon  Bay,  and  vacanl,  lo  wbich  be  succeeded.  He  wis 
tbe  occupation  of  the  Ills  of  Dicu.  on  the  alio  Prime  Warden  of  the  Walermeu's 
coast  of  La  Vendue,  in  1795.  He  was  Companv,  and  twice  Matter  of  the  Wor- 
subtequently  engaged  for  two  yean  in  St.  ahipful  Company  of  Vintners. 
Domingo,  after  its  revollfrom  the  French.  8.  At  Woolwich,  Colonel  Thomai 
He  served  in  Ihe  Peninsula  and  South  of  Peebles,  R.M.  Col.  Peebles  bad  seen 
France  from  1809  to  March  1814,  \o-  considerable  service,  having  been  in  action 
eluding  the  different  afiain  with  the  enemy  with  Spanish  gun-boats  in  the  Out  of 
on  the  lOih,  lllh,  and  I2th  of  March,  Gibraltar  in  1799,  and  in  recapturing  Ihe 
1809;  the  crossing  of  the  Douro;  the  £a<Jy  A'e/ioa  cutter  by  tbe  boats  of  tbe 
battle  of  Talavera;  (he  affairs  with  the  Quern  CStarhMe.  He  *aa  at  the  block- 
enemy's  advanced  posit  on  the  11th  of  ade  of  Malta  in  1800,  at  Ihe  capture  of 
July,  1810,  in  front  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo;  Admiral  Perrie's  squadron,  and  on  boud 
thepassage  ofthe  Coa;  andvariousacliona  the  Queen  ChartoUe  when  that  ship  was 
in  covering  the  retreat  from  Almeida  to  burnt  off  Leghorn  on  the  ITth  March, 
'Torres  Vedrat;  the  battle  of  Busaco;  1800.  He  cleharked  in  command  ofthe 
and  in  all  the  actions  with  (be  enemy  in  marinet  oflhe  Santa  T'Acrna  and  MafiiK 
their  retreat  from  Santarem  lo  the  fron-  in  a  successful  attack  on  Ibe  Iowa  of 
lien  of  Spain,  the  Pats  of  Maya,  the  Finale, and  teiiefofthe  Austrian  garrison; 
Lines  of  Amhoa,  the  paaage  of  the  Nive  and  wai  at  the  storming  of  (he  Prvmo 
and  Nivelle.  Cambo,  Kasnaren,  Hallelte,  OotUy  (on  the  night  of  the  20th  of  May), 
Garris,  Sauveterre,  St.  Gladi.  and  Ihe  chained  lo  the  mole-head  balteriet  of 
battle  of  Orlhes.  He  wu  wounded  (hon«  Genoa;  he  was  on  board  tbe  iUUiitnrr, 
killed}  and  taken  prisoner  on  tbe  14th  of  at  the  capture  of  La  Paz  and  BtmenJda, 
March,  1814,  in  a.  cavalry  outpost  affair  Spaniab  ships,  under  the  bsitteriel  of  Bat- 


APPENDIX    TO    CHRONICLE.  201 

DEATHa-JAH. 
calona,  1801 ;  mi  wounded  \o  the  Caro-        —  At  Southampton,  aged  79.  the  lady 
Kiu't  boat*,  off  Ivica,  Id  aclioD  viih  •     Frence)  MarU  Stuut,relictof  Sir  Simeoa 
Fiencb  lebeck  and  Spaniib  packet,  but     Stuart,  bart. 

continued  to  lerve  at  the  blockade  of  —  At  Bonned,  aged  1 7,  the  HoiBdilary 
Leghorn.  He  irai  nitb  the  blockading  Prince  of  Heoe  Homburgh. 
fleets  of  Brest,  Rochfoit,  and  Cadiz,  and  — _AC  Blebo,  his  seal  in  Scotland,  i: 
sar,  Lieut. -General  Aleisnde 
This  gallant  officer  entere 
,    a  1789,  andierredin  tbe49(h 

.^    ._   _  Regiment  in  Ae  eipedition  to  Holland. 

Prencb  aquadron  under  Cominodore  fiui-  Captain  Bethuna  tbere  received  a  severe 
dine.  He  wned  subsequentlj  in  the  wound  in  ibe  tunn  at  the  battle  of  Alk- 
Wen  Indies,  in  the  Archipelago,  and  for  maer,  from  which  ha  had  only  partially 
iCTeni  years  in  the  staff  as  adjutant  and  recorered  when  the  regiment  embarked 
deputy  judge-advocate,  and  had  the  grali-  in  1801  tor  Ibe  Baltic,  and  fn  the  attack  . 
ficalion  of  receiving  a  rewaid  from  the  off  Copenhagen  under  Lord  Nelson  be 
Patriotic  Fund.  received  a  wound   fhim  a   cannon-ihot, 

—  At  Balh,  aged  90,  the  lUgfat  Hon.  which  lacerated  hit  lower  jaw.  On  the 
Eliiabeth,  dowager  Ladj  Le  Despenoer.       breakinj;  out  of  hostilities  in  1809  be  waa 

—  At  iM  reudence,  Soutliembaj',  arrested  with  the  British  subjects  in  the 
Bieler,  William  Grai^T,  esq.,  Vice-Ad-  French  territories  under  the  inbmout 
Rural  oir  the  Red.  decree    of   Napoleaa,  and    i^iuained  a 

—  In  Jamaica,  MajcH^Oeneral  Samuel     prisoner  until  1814. 

Lambert,  Commander  of  Her  Majesty's         5,  At  St.  Margaret's,  Isleworth,  of  in- 

Forcei  in  tlwt  island.     This  officer  was  Suenia,  aged  76,  the  Right  Hon.  Maiva- 

one    of  a   femily  which   aSbrds   a    nre  ret,  dowager  Maichionesi  of  Ailsa.      She 

instance    of   British  f^laniiy.     Of  five  wastheyoungestdaug^terorJuhnEnkine, 

brothers,   the   sons   of  Captain   Robert  esq.,  of  Dun,  co.  For&r. 
lAmbert,   R.N.,  but  one  remains;   yet        6.   In   Park-square,  Margaret,  wife  of 

all   have   earned    their  countrr'a   giaii-  Alderman  Sir  Peler  Laurie. 
tude  bj  a  series  of  distinguished  services.         —  At  the  Admiralty  House,  Cove,  in 

The  eldest,   Richard  Lambert   died  in  the  OSth  year  of  his  age.   Sir  Thomai 

1838.  after  having  attained  the  rank  of  Ussher,    C.B.,    K.C.U.,    Rear-Admiral 

Vioe-AdminI  of  Ute  Red.     The  second,  of  the  White,  and  Com  manderJn- Chief 

LieuL-Gen.   Sir  John  Lambert,  died  a  of  the  Irish  staUon.   Rear-Admiral  Uaaher 

few  months  unce.      The  third,   Captain  was  bom  near  Dublin,  and  is  said  to  have 

Henrj  Lambert,  R.N.,  commanded  the  been  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated  Arch- 

Java  frigate  in  her  engagement  with  the  bishop.      He  entered  Ibe  navat  service  at 

OHufifiirtaii,  Dec.  181^  during  which  he  an  early  age,  and  served  in  the  Iititineible, 

was    mortally   wounded.       The    fifth   is  74  guns,  under  the  command  of  Capiain 

Commodore    George   Robert   Lambert,  the    Hon.    Thomas    Pakenham,    under 

late  second  in  the  naval  command  on  the  whom  he  bore  part  in  the  battles  of  May 

Jamaica  station.      The  gallant  deceased  Q9th  and  June  21st,  1794.      In  tlie  spring 

entered   the   arm^  in   1803.  and  served  at  1795,    Mr.    Ussher   followed   Captain 

with  distinction  m  the  campaign  under  Pakenham  into  £e.7iiaf<,  in  the  taking  of 

Sir  John  Moore  in  1808  9.  and  in  the  which  vessel,  in  the  war  of  1794,  be  had 

expedition   to   Walcberen   in  the   latter  borne  an  active  part.     He  subsequently 

year.  He  was  engaged  in  the  defence  of  served  under  Sir  Hugh  C.  Christian, 
Cadii   in    1810    and   1811.   and    served      K.B.,  in  tlie  Pritict  Gtorge,  9S.  Ghry, 

throughout  the  Peninaular  campaigns  of  second-rate,    and    Thioidarer,    74.      He 

1812.  1B13,  and  1814.      He  was  adjutant  was  next  appointed  Acting  Lieutenant  of 

at  Corunna  and  Barosaa,  having  received  the  AfiiioCaur,  74.  and  assuled  Sir  J.  La- 

that  commission,  Feb.  21,  1811,  and  was  forej  and  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby  in  the 

appointed  to  act  aa  Major  of  Brigade  to  siege  of  St.  Lucia,  and  was  appointed 
the  1st  Br^ade  of  Foot  Guards,  Man^  Acting  Lieutenant  of  the  Pcfieon  brig,  in 
10,  1814.  which  vessel  Mr.  Ussher  was  enga^  in 

4.  In  CbesteT6eld.stieel,  Maybir,  aged  more  (ban  twenty  boat  attacks,  which  he 
90.  the  Hon.  Frances  Cooke  Grimslon.  conducted  with  the  utmost  leal  and 
She  waa  grand-aunt  to  tbe  present  Earl  bravery,  and  in  one  of  which  he  received 
of  Verulam,  and  last  survivmg  child  of  a  severe  wound.  He  was  q>pointed  in 
James,  2nd  Viscount  Grimston.  Hay,  1799,  third   Lieut,   of  the  (H— <• 


802       ANNUAL    REGISTE  R,  1848. 

DEATHS. -Jiji. 
7ymt,maiKthaammadet(Uf<tunR.     tkn    in    Jim,  1M7. 


W.    OtK»,  wd   on    Mmnl    oooawni  proooled  Lo  Ifae  imoJc  of 

nedfed  l&e  aurked  Uunla  of  ku  com-  dw  Wlika  oa  Um  Snl  Ju..  tbm  isj* 

wdJM  ofteer  lor  hk  nmikMfi'  gal-  pfenoiw    to    Us   dntk      Sir    TVohi 

InMj,  Xienti  UMhar^  aait  ■lyoiitlinHB^  Vidiu  mMnat  >  ilMfthWr  oT  ThoBM 

■Ad  a  Moere  iIImm.  oouaqutnt  on  the  Foter,  «*q.,  <rf  Ot«*e,  BucUagfaaaiihiift 

■«TWBtnJi  nxlntj  bj  hiai,wMto  tbe  He  miianoaiptof  J^QH  a-jeu-pcwMV 

itW  oiKtr.     Hi*  MtUiMHUBt  proMcHloM  (br  ■oawU,  whicfa  mre  of  s  Mtr  Mmn 

wwe.  IB  Oct.  leOS.  Id  Ibe  /omtiA  eultar,  ctencter,  imirad  flulf  >■  lib.     H«  b«d 

•nd  h  April.  18IM.  W  UwGx^Hyw  brig,  tbe&rtfavpwriwof  JfiU  braeriloniM 

JJUr  WHol  dHbwff  aaptoib  willi  th*  wnioM. 

SpHikcd*  md  F^cacb,  mkI  MaMng  ia  7.    A(  BrighUM.  i^  96.  WiBImh, 

Ibe  mUm>  of  Ike  totra  mi4  bMleriw  of  jcmgmt  taaot iittUte  GraBnUe  Ftem, 

BM,OBlb«  Miiitor8(iun,be>M  afitiD  cm|.,  ^  8lolw  Psk,  Bocki. 

obligtd.  In  ioHaquone  of  bi>  «K>uadih  to  —    Al  bk   nU.  Uub^od   Hmm, 

nrinUicamnaDd  and  rMira  from  Mtira  Dyinfciwibiin.inhhMtty>r,grBnbwt 

(•rnce.  OabwraeorerybftwuBppaiBlad.  Lwirie.  the  6di  Buooet  (1886),  K.C.R, 

ia  OCL  letNh  I*  (ba  caauBand  of  tba  AdMinl  of  lbs  Wbitik     H«  iw  bora 

JldMy,  aflSgUM.HKl  in  Haf.  1806.  H^  25,  1?«L  the  n*  sf  3!r   Bobot 

«•■  prooiatad  lo  |M*t  nnk.    H«  «•>«■«•  JUoria,  a  gemial  ottow  in  tb«  umr, 

4Minalr>FfomWd(»tbe£fp<in,M,lbe  Kni^  Hanh«l«r  ScMkadw  and  H.P. 

.^meiiM.  7di  wl  to  (be  oomauid  of  ■  for  DumfHeabire,  wbom  ba  wacwiM  m 


and  tbe    tMnHtfeaL  48.     During   bii  teMnt  oo  board  tba  Qwm,  96,  »  tb» 

Qonnaod  «f  thia  lartvaMrf  ba  o^riurwl  adun  of  Iha  Jit  JuBB,1701udiw»nd 

■wto  PranOh  frigalea,  and  bii  MrrioM  a  around  on  IbM  gloiioiM  ooearioa.     la 

«  of  nicbanBlnraatto  oaUfintfa  Iba  June,  178S,  be  waa  pnMMled  Id  tha  rank 

a  of  th«  Adni-  of  CouHander,  and  afqworied  U  lb* 


It  wu  ia  tw  mme  Mnel,  under  Z^^  aloeo,  MalioDad  in  the  NoKb  Smi 

Coptaia  Vmk^*  eonmiKl,  tbat  Hapoleon  Towank  tba  Utar  and  of  1709  be  receiaed 

mm  toanftA,  after  bit  abdioatioii,  to  tbe  ordan  to  pfooeed  lo  Ibe  Leeward  Uaodi, 

Jiland  4if  £lba.    On  Ibe  SSdi  of  Vi><  andoohiipeMflebecapUiedZaJI^UA.. 

1814,  at  «rcB  o'clook,   f.m.,  (be    es.  a  privatear  of  [2  gun*  and  67  eean.     la 

Ewpenir  %«illed   bii  bold   el  FrejiH,  Feb.  17Enbe<rai  pMeent  attbeiadiMic* 

•awmpMied   by  CapUia    Usher,  and  of  Trinidadi  and  0DibBl7tfa  Jul;folla<i- 

ioUoirad  br  the  Euirian  and   PnHriaa  iag  be  wm  pcomaled  to  port  laoli.     On 

eoToji  to  the  beacb,  wboo,  tonouDded  bf  ibe  16lb  Fab.  ISOS,  wboi  in  poiMaad  af 

a  regwMSt  af  aar^,  be  aliibled  baa  Ibe  Ctma^^  3&  ba  mtj  bigUv  diitin- 

bii  oarriage,  and  baring  ainDraaed  hi*  guiibed  aimielf  bv  obarinft,  and  brii^iM 

Inendi.    be  look  the   am    of  CaplMt  to  actio*,  La  VOt  <lt  MUam,  •  Finck 

llMher  and  Mepped  Jolo   Ibe    boM    of  frigate  naarij  doiiile  Iba  liia  and  faeoe  ot 

the  Utdmudti.   During  the  thort  w^age  the  (Aopalroi   sad,  thcxicli  vaaquobed 

to  and  tta;  at  Elba,  C^taiti  Uaber  woo  in  the  unequal  oontot,  tbe  Frenofa  riiip 

Ibe  retpeot  and  eMeem  of  (be  Ulan  £ib-  km  bo  crippled  ai  to  be  iacapaUe,  rii 

MTor.    Uia  OMt  aapeJBlmeBt  wt  lo  iIm  iU^  afkar,  of  oiMi^  tba  ilnfatart  itmt- 

i^MMB.  74  gwie,  IB  vbiob  be  retwn^  ance  lo  tbe  Tnrniiir.  SO,  wfaioh  alw  n- 

lo  England,  at  the  braakiw  up  of  the  captured  tbe  Ofa^pafriB.  Oa  Ihii  eccarioo, 

par  eAaUiibneat  ob  the  Medilemoeu)  ia  lettiaMB;  of  ihe  tpprabatioa  pf  bk 

Maiion.      He   noir  jetired   fnm  actira  couniryRieii,  Sir  Bobert  Lturie  iMei*ed 

■errieB.  and  wa*  BOBifaatfda  CoKtpaoioii  boooor;  Bad  pecunUij  raHardi  fiom  the 

B  181&  In  .1881  be  ■■■  Patriotic  Fund,  la  tbe  butw  and  gf 
■■■  appoialad  N>  Ibe  4faf,  74, 
Q  after  ordered  to  tbe  HeditcfTB- 

^ueMlf  aDDiB<>dDre  and  Moond  in  eooi-  sean,  nbere  be  contiaued  ustil  (omrdi 

bumI  of  the  fleet  in  Ibe  WcM  Indie*,  the  end  of  the  war.     "  — -    -^  — -^ - 

He  m*  DOMiMled  a  Kaigbt  Commander  Knigbt  C 

af  the   HanoTenaa   GudpUc   Order  in  Sir  Hobei 

J831.     Ha  bacama  a  Sltmi-Admml  c^  Uwre    m 

the  Blue,  Nov.  9,  1846;  WM  noBUOBled  rvnetcf. 

Conwiander-io 'Chief  of  Ibe    Iriih   Sla-  9.    At    Siuiogbounie,    Kent,    Helen, 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.  203 

DEATB&— Jan. 

dmgiteraftbelmleSiT  AlBTMiler  Jwdine,  enr  Ua  oanniniwl  ihmutx  «rmy  iaie*- 

b*n.,  sf  Aopl^aitii,  CD.  DumUe*.  niplkm  to  tb*  Mgul»r  ceuns  «f  W  <<»• 

—  At  ibavrer,  m  her  Q6th  fear,  Mia  MrratioM    percoiRed,  the    Huobed  the 

Caroline  Luemia  Henohel,  ^(srtothe  betveMlbroMiHilv-'MlliHtioi&otiMljt 

late  Sit  Willkm  Hencbel,  ud  aont  to  m  on  no  len  Dun  ocht  leveni  nocaiiaia 

Sir  Mm  William  Hancliel.  ban.    She  to  be  reinMled  bv  iLSi  duooranr  (ric  on 

irorinae  Hencbd  Aag.  1,  USBi  Dec  SI,  1768(  Jmi.  0, 

am,  hi)  aifo,  and  1790i  April  17,  1790;    0«a.)A  17SIi 

anter  to  the  oelefanledMiMomer  of  that  Oct  7,  1703;  Not.  7,  I7(U;  and  Ai«. 

ouncw  ■■  mil  ■«  iihe  oonMant  ootOfmiou  0,  1797).     Oa  five  of  tbeae  eaCBuooa 

tad   Hb   aamtxil  of  Ut  aatroBOBioBl  <reconleil  io  the  p^ei  «f  the  "  Philoeo- 

bbouXtto  the  tueoaa  of  which  her  iate-  phioal   TViBaartinni"  «f   L<HHkiB)    bw 

fatigable    leal,    dilisGiice,  aod   aiogulBr  claim  to  the  fint  diioowT  it  *HmTH^ 

Kcunqr  of  ralnalihon  mit  a  Utile  eaan~  Thcaa  Mnepi  meraoeer  pfo*ed  produnhe 

buted.     Sbe  wai  bora  in  Otamtt  on  Ibe  of  the  dateaHan  -of  w*enl  leauduUe 

leOt  of  Marob,  1730:  where  >be  naided  nebula  and  clwtHB  of  (tan  ptwiova^ 

under  tbe  penotal  nof  till  her  Imnt^  nnobaarTodi  enoMg  aUob  ina|'  be  ■{»«- 

aeooDdjaar — wbenahe  joined  her  btolber,  ciallywetiaDed4be«H)««tbSBbela,Mo.l, 

tbeo  actiTelv  iwgyi  in  the  Bunod  pm.  CiMa  V.,  U  Sic  William  UenahBl'i«a(a^ 

fcnimi  at  Bath,  in  Eoglandi  a  counlir  Joguee— an  olq'eat  4iea>nm  mnob  *«■■»• 

which  wet  deMined  to  be  her  hoae  fer  bJaDeetotbaaelebnladnabulain  Andi^ 

balf  a  ocMu^.     There,  from  the  £nt  meda  diaoorerad  by  Biman  loarnia— «• 

■CMiBcraceBent  of  hi*  artniBomKial  pur.  .alio  Iba  Nebula  V..  Ma  U  j  tbe  l£th  ud 

•uilB,  her  attendance  on  both  fail  daUT  S7th  oltHiatt  of  OtMVJI.  t  end  (be  45th, 

Itboura  and  niohtif  walubea  wai  put  id  65tb,  T&d.  77lb.4nd  78th  of  Ctu>  VUL 

m  found  K  umIuI  thtf  of  tboie  celelegnea.     lOa  b»  brother'* 

OD  bit  remonl  to  DaiiAet,  uid  mbae-  death,  in  lStl&  un  letumad  to  Uanvter; 

queollf  to  EUniffh, — be  baiiu  then  moo-  whub  ihe  nofer  again  qiuBnd,    paming 

pied  wilh  lua  reiiem  of  the  haafaM  and  tbe  l*it  «weat;-ik  yean  flf  her  life  in 

■olherreiaMthta, I   ihnpeitafMedrthe whole  repeae,  ayofingdw  aecietrMtd  oberithed 

of  tbeerdeouaHidinipottaDldntiaBofhia  bfdie  reoud  of  her  veoMiainf  rdalina 

«atiwM««icel  aaitlaM,   iMt  ooh  reading  and  friend),  ^mlified  b;  tbe  oooaiiopal 

the  elocfc*  and  noting  down  all  tbe  ot  ririttofemineiaiatreooaierMndbenBiued 

tertationifroai  dictation  alanawaMieiMii,  lolb  many  marfciof  favour  and  diitinctioD 

BMlgr  eiecutm^  the  whole  «f  oo  the  wt  of  tbe  Kisg  of  Hanonr,  the 

re    and  Ubmoaa  numerical  Crawn  Prince,  and  bii  amiable  aodiUw- 

calculaticBa    neceaseiy  (o    rgnder  them  trioo*  eonaort.     To  within  a  wry  abort 

availatde  M  icieaee,  as  well  *•  ■  multitude  |Mriod  of  her  death  her  health  .ooMiBued 

reklite  to  ibe  uriou*  otqeoti  of  uninlonipted.  hw  ftcullia  pecfctt,  and 


Ifaeoratieal  and  eipenweotal  inquiry  m     berBemOfj  (eapociaUy  of-i 


;e«peci*Uy  I 
iDf  fannarj 


„  _..    <i—liniiiii  iitfinnini  itijra)  MuiaiJalili 

be  at  anj  time  mwif|ed.     For  tbe  per*  dear  and  diMinat.     Her  and  waa  tmnqad 

fonnaoceofthcMdutiei  biaH^jaaly  King  ud  free  from  raSerii^— a  umple  oae- 

Geoige  IIL  ms  gnci«H<r  pleiied  to  aation    of   life.  —Mtlnolad  from    lib 

pboe  berin  tbe  teoaipt  of  a  lalary  auffi-  Alimmam. 

(neat  for  bar  nugidarl^  mederale  wants  10.  SuddenlK  ^ed  U,  Edward  Hani- 

-and  relind  b^bib    Ardtuua,  baoeTer.aa  mo,  tt^  ^  Berkeley-KiMl.  BarU^- 

wben  it  ■  «(miidand  that  her  brethe^  —  At  A>ke,  aged  81,   Dame  Marie 

obacrraliona  were  always  carried  oo  (di-  WiUiamtoo,    widow    of   Sir    Hedwoith 

■ouwtfcnow    pennitting}    till    daybreak,  Williamaoo,  the  aiilb  Baronet. 

without   regard    to  (eiHin,  aod  indeed  II.  In  Priory-road,  Wamlawottb-Mad, 

chiedyinthewinler,— tbeypioTediuiiffi-  aged  41,    Mary,  relict  of  Air.  W.    B. 

dent  to  esbatBl  her  telitiiy.     In  ihair  Davey,  muI  ebleit  daugfalar  of  the  late  X. 

mtenela  aba  found  time  both  far  actual  C.  t^UMtd.  etv 

... :..,  _.. .!__.    ,1    _               .  ^  12.  In   p„i(,jBeet,  eged  J8  monUiL 


obaerratiooa  here  alluded  to  were  made         —  At  Damoway  -Castle,  Slgimhira,  in 
^i ,..,__!._ •    — .      u^  ^g  g■^^  ^^^    Fmnds 

I  Earl  of  tiaof  (U«l  2), 


204        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS. -Jan. 

Lord   Doune,    of   Doune    io   Meoteith  pMMge  tbrougfa  the  itniti  of  Boubeon, 

<IA81),  aod  Lord  of  SL  Colme  (1611).  but  wu  wrecked  off  ibe  ooM  of  Siial;  ia 

in  tbe  peerage  of  Scotland  1  third  Baron  1S04       In    1614   he    oomnnDdcd   tin 

Stuart  of  CtaUe  Siuart,  in  the  peeram  of  Slatini,  in  which  be  bad  again  the  db- 

Oteal  Britain  (1796),  K.T.,  and  Lord  fbrtuae  to  be  wrecked,  on  an  unkmnn 

Lieutmant  of  EWnshira.     Hit  lordihip  rock  off  Cuba.    In  1840  be  wai  pnniated 

wai   bom   Feb.  2,  1771,  the  third   b>it  totberankof  RMr-Admiial  on  tfee  retirad 

etdeit  lurriTing  vm  of  Prandi,  the  ninth  list.     On  the  death  of  CoL   Wataoo  ia 

Earl,   by  the    Hod.   Jane   Graj.  eldetf  1834,  Admirel  Swaine  ww  appointed  b; 

daughter  of  John,  twelfth   Lord  Giajr.  the  Bidnp  of  Elf  to  tba  UMseu  and 

During  the  early  part  of  the  war  with  honourable  office  <n  Chief  Bailiff  of  tbe 

France,  he  railed  an  Independent  company  Ue  of  Ely,  whidi  be  held  to  the  lime  «f 

of  fbot,  which   vnt   diabsnded  in  Jut.  hii  deceaae. 

1791.     He  lucceeded  hii  bther  in  tbe  —  At  bii  home  in  Oieal  MaHboniugli- 

<,  Auff.  38,  1810.    In  1827  he  waa  Mreel,  aged  4A,  Hr.  John  William  Wr^ 

-    1  a  Knight  of  the  Tbtille.      Hit  SecreUfT  to  tbe  Old  Society  of  Wtfer- 

lorouiip  wu  (nice  manied  :   Bnt,  Jan.  26,  Colour  Painten.     Thii  ntirt  waa  born  is 

179JS  to  Lucy,  aecond  daughter  of  Oeneial  London  in  1802.    Tbe  talent  to  which  he 

John  Scott,  M.P.,  of  Batcomie,  co.  Fife,  was  indebted  for  bii  r^MUation  he  may  be 

andiiatei  to  tbe  Ducheii  of  Portland  and  nid    to  have    mberited  from    both  hii 

dw  late  Viacounteu  Canning;  and,  u-  parenti.     Hii    bther   waa    a    miniature 

condly,  Jan.  7,  1801,  to  hi*  cotuin  Mar-  painter  of  great  abilitr;  andhii  molhci 

garel  Jane,  aecond  daughter  of  Sir  Philip  painted  ten  beaulifiiUy  in  tbe  aaise  de- 

Ainilie,  knigfal,  of  Piiton,  co.  Edinburgh,  partinent  of  act.    Tbe  elder  Hr.  WrigU 

by  tbe  Hon.  Eliiabeth  Gray,  who  died,  waa  not  only  an  utiit,  hut  a  mattB-  gf 

and  had  inue  by  both  marriagea.  lonie  eminence,  intimate  with  Hoppno', 

13.  Aged  80,   Lieut.  George  Sicker,  Lawreitce,   and   Owen,  who   finjueotly 

who  waa  appointed  one  of  Iba  Mililaiy  noke  in  termi  of  high  commendation  oif 

Knighta  of  Windaor  in  Feb.  1838.     He  hu  drawings  and  akelidiea.   YoungWrigfat 

bad  seen  much  service;  wai  adjutant  of  diiplayed  an  early  talent  for  tbe  art,  and 

the  lltb  Light  Dragw>n>  at  the  battle  of  wm  placed  under  tbe  late   T.   Phillip, 

Waterloo,  and  accompanied  Lord  Ma-  R.A.     Hii  motl  Bucceaafiil  pictuna  wen 

carlney  Inhis  embaay  lo  China  in  1792.  historical    compositions,  cbiell*  idected 

—  At  Kenilwonh,  aged  82,  Mn.  Parr,  with  a  view  to  introduce  the  details  and 


if  the  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Parr,  of    efiecU  of  old  Enaliili 
itribuloi 


contribulor  to  tbe  bshionabla 

14.  At  Wiabeach,  aged  79,  Spelman  works  of  the  preaent  day;  and  aome  of 

Swaine,  Mq.,  a  retired  Rear.Admiral  of  the   best  beads   in   Heaths  "  Book  of 

Her  Majesty's  Navr,  and  Chief  Bailiff  of  Beauty"  and  Ihe  "  Female  Chaneten  of 

the  Isle  of  Ely.     He  was  the  second  son  Shiktpeare"  were  from  bis  pendL    On 

of  Spelman  Swaine,  esq.,  of  Leverington,  the  death  of  Mr.  Hill,  secretary  of  tbe 

in  Cambridgeshire.    He  entered  the  naval  Old  Waler-  Colour  Society,  be  waa  elected 

service  as  midshipman,  in   April,  1782,  to  fill  his  place. 

and  In  17B1  accompanied  Vancouver  on  15.    At    Peckbam,    aged  59,    Lieut 

board  the  Endtavour,  on  his  voyage  of  Thomas  Johnson   Irvine,  R.N.   (1819). 

discovery,  as  first  midshipman ;    be  was  He  was  midshipman  of  the  Si^tri,  at 

actively  engaged  in  tlie    arduous  boat-  San  Domingoin  l806,andiervedMCapen- 

service    during  that    eipedilion  on   the  bagen  1 807,  in  the  Walcheren  expedition, 

ahores  of  North  America,  when  his  name  and  commanded  a  gun-boat  at  the  atege  of 

is  rveorded,  as  spears  by  the  charts  sf  Cadii  in  IBII. 

that    celebrated   circumnangitor ;    and,  —  In  Cadogan-place,  Eliiabeth,  wife 

having  completed  tbe  voyage  round  the  of  Lieut-Col.  Vemer,  daughter  of  Sir 

world,  returned  to  England  in  Sept  1795.  Edward  May,  bait,  and  only  sister  of  flie 

He  then  served  as  lieutenant  successively  dowager  Marehloness  of  Donegal, 

on  board  the  SpUfin  and  Primxa  Char-  —  Al  Brighton,  aged  63,  ftlary,  wife 

iotle,  and  having  been  promoled  to  Ihe  of  Ihe  Right  []on.  George  Robert  Dsw- 

rsnk  of  Commander  in  April,  1802,  waa  son,  of  Castle  Dawson,  co.  Londonderry, 

appcrinted  to  the  RavtK  sloop  in  tbe  fbl-  and  sister  to  tbe  Right  Hon.  Sir  Robert 

lowing  July.    In  that  veasel  he  proceeded  Peel,  batt 

to  tbe  Mediterranean,  and  in  Oct  1803,  ~  At  Southw«IJ,  Notts,  aged  71,  CoL 

led  Lord  Kalion's  fleet  in  tbe  difficult  Francis  Sherlock,  K.  H.,  late  of  Iba  4di 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  205 

DEATHS.^)  AN. 
Rojd  Iriih  Diagooa  GuutU,  and  a  Jut-     PluMj,  CO.  Clara  (in  the  peerage  of  In- 
lics  of  the  Peace  fbr  the  couoij  of  Not-     land) ;  VLO^  Lord  Lieuteraot  of  ModI- 
tiagbam.     He  entn^  the  anny  in  Aug.     sameTjihirei   LL.D.  and  D.C.L.;  and 
1798.     In   A|Mil,   1794,   be   iuided    at     Preudent  of  the  Rosburgfa  Club.      Hb 


Oitand,  and  joiiwd  the  arm;  of  Gen.     lonkhip  wai  bom  on  the  SSnd  March< 

" nd  was  placed  in  ^e  conn     1785,  t^  eldeal  son  of  Edward  lint  Earl 

.  HammeiMeio,  in  nbich  the     Olive,  by  Lady  Henrietta  AnioDu  Her- 


8lh  Light  DragooDi  m-red  the  »biile  of  berl,  fourth  but  onl;  Burriving  daughter 
that  cunpwgn.  On  Lb«  18(h  Majr,  1794,  of  Henrf  Arthur  fint  Emil  of  Ponii,  >iMer 
be  ma  eog^H  in  the  attack  of  the  vilUge  and  heir  to  George  Edward  Henry  Arthur 
of  Bourbeque,  which  wa>  cleared  of  the  the  teoDDd  Earl  (of  the  creation  of  174S), 
euemy,  although  defended  by  aareral  on  wboae  death  in  1901  that  dignity  be- 
piecea  of  cannon ;  but  thti  adTantage  waa  came  extinct.  He  took  the  aurttame  and 
dearly  purchiaed,  aa  of  the  Henian  aqua-  arnu  of  Herbert  only  bj  royal  licence,  9 
dron  but  one  officer  and  ui  men  returned :  March,  1007.  He  wu  a  member  of 
of  the  8th  Ught  Dtagoona,  two  {^cera.  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  the 
LieuL-Col.  Halt  aod  Captain  Sherlodc,  degree  of  M.A.  waa  conferred  upon  him 
and  twelve  men,  the  real  being  daatn^d,  in  1806,  aod  tbal  of  LL.D.  in  1835.  On 
except  a  bw  priaoiiert.     Gen.   Clauhit     coming  of  age,  he  «itered  Parliament  for 

'        ' '   "'        'the  borough  of  Ludlow  at  the  general 

election  in  1806,  and  he  continued  one  of 
the  members  of  that  borough  in  eleven 
'e  pailiamenti,  u 


0  raiie  the  siege  to  Ihe  peerag 
of  Yptet,  the  Btfa  Light  Dragoona  had  oouree  of  bi>  political  conduct  wu  marked 
daily  o|^nuniliea  of  manife^ng  their  by  altacbmeol  to  the  Tory  or  Conserra- 
leaj;  aod  in  July,  having  marched  at  the  tire  inCereft,  in  which  he  fas  always  con- 
advanced  guard  of  the  Marquen  of  Has-  aisteat;  and  whilst  a  member  of  the  Lower 
ting*!  corps  from  Oatend,  they  wera  en-  House  he  was  most  regular  in  his  altend- 
wed  in  a  severe  rencontre  with  the  ance  oa  ihe  butiaeas  of  Parliament.  He 
French  Dragoons  at  Alast,on  the  Scheldt,  waa  removed  to  the  Peers  by  the  death  of 
in  which  they  ^ain  goffered  >  connderable  his  bthcr.  May  16. 1839,  aoon  after  which 
loss  of  both  officers  and  men.  In  Sept.  be  took  a  leading  part  in  annuUitig  the 
1794,  when  Sir  R.  Abercromby  endea-  proposed  union  of  the  seca  of  St.  Asaph 
vouied  10  retake  the  poaition  of  Boxtel,  and  Bangor.  The  o[^waition  to  that 
Captain  Sherlock  was  in  the  advance  and  union  waa  principally  in  bii  hands ;  and 
rear  guard,  aod  had  his  charger  killed  hiaconduct  ofltie  case  did  credit  to  hii 
undar  him.  He  serred  the  trinter  cam-  judgment  and  his  abilitiea,  whilst  his  un- 
paign  an  tbe  Waal  and  Rhine,  and  the  flinching  spirit  and  penererance  [woved  a 
retreat  through  Holland  and  Westphalia,  tower  of  alrenglh.  The  object  that  he 
In  1795  be  was  wUh  tbe  anny  under  Sir  bad  in  view  was  at  lengtb  pra<^kally 
DaTid  Dundu  in  the  Duchy  of  Bremen,  accomplished,  and  the  Principality  <» 
From  1790  to  IBOS  he  served  with  honour  Wales  retained  ils  former  complemeat  of 
at  the  Cape,  on  the  evacuation  of  which  biahopa.  His  labours  were  not  for- 
in  the  latter  year  be  returned  to  England,  gotten,  and  he  continued  to  enjoy  great 
wilb  a  shattered  constitution.  popularity  with  the  clergy;   and  a  aub^ 

—  At  Barrie,  Upper  Omada,  Captain  scription  was  entered  upon  to  raise  some 
John  Moberly,  R.  N,  He  was  senior  testimonial  in  gratitude  for  his  servicea^ 
Lieutenant  in  the  Liltie  Btll,  in  her  which  speedily  reached  tbe  aAiounl  of 
memorable  encounter  with  the  U.  S.  ship  50001.  The  death  of  ihe  Duke  of  North- 
Praidtnl  in  181 1.  umberland  created  a  vacancy  in  the  digaU 

17.    In   Eaton-sqtiare,   aged  USi,  the  fied  office  of  Chancellor  of  Ihe  Univeraiqr 

Lady  Augusts  Emily  Julia  Fielding,  se-  of  Cambridge,  and  without  agreement  or 

cond  daughter  of  the  Eafl  of  Denbigh.  communicalioo  two  caodidues  were  at 

—  At  Powis  CiMle,  CO.  Montgomeij,  once,  selected ;  of  these  one  was  the  noble 
in  his  6Srd  year,  tbe  Right  Hon.  Edward  Earl  juat  deceased,  and  the  other  no  leas 

Herbert,  second  Eari  of  Fowls,  Viscount     "  '       ■' "    "  '  ■•- 

Clive  of  Ludlow,  Baroo  Powis  of  Powis 
Castle,  and  Baron  Herbert  of  Cberbuir 

(1804),  and  Baron  Clive  of  Walcol,  CO.     _. 

Salop  (1794),  and  third  Baroo  Clive  of  Thera  was  no  discredit  in  a  defeat  under 


206        ANNUAL    REGI  STEH,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Jar. 
Midi  draMMtaBoM,  md  Im  Tti6ni  ftaa  M)Dwin|  tmi.  SolmtijtBaij,  im  I81& 
lb*  eoMeM  nnucoewful,  bat  not  ui^  he  mmiried  «t  Stot^ardt,  by  tba  ^imbI 
hooourad,  for  &  wbMitptioB  »m  ionne-  pennisaoB  of  tba  )bii^  af  wlrMmkmg, 
dwielj  Mt  <n  bM  to  pnmit  bin  with  m  '  Unirittla,  (ble  CounMi  vl  Radifn,} 
--'—'-' "b  of  Ihe  •»««,    lbs  neit  liMr  of  Ui  decawed  mfe.     Sr 


I  high  eMcem  fn     Hepi7  dntrajred  Uaualf  ht  a  fil  of  in. 
tboM  BGoban  nt    mmtj.    (8m  CaaotnoM.) 
tha  Vmitnkj  irto  b^  recoried  their  »cW>        --  Snditaiilr,  a^Ml  S7,  •■  bMtd 


i  brtboM  BGoban  <tf    mmtj.    (8m  CaaotnoM.) 
b^rec«Hed  their  *oUa        —  anddmly,  iMd  S7,  •■  bMtd  lUa 
taUaflmiar.     Earl  Powto  «m  •>••  Pi«-     off  Ptkmo,  Aana.  wife  of  Jaha  Choeb 


1  CaiDbriaa  LUmnr  BacUwoK.  of  BkctiraR.  a 

Imbutkiii,  and  of  the   WeU   Sctiool,  Mib  aad  odly  dawhtw  of  Iha  lata  Jaaepfc 

Onr^  bs-raid.     Hii  lordifaip  avria^  Mm   Gmnej,  cr  Barihiai,  near  Nar> 

Pah.  9^  IBIS,  L*dT  Luoy  Gi^mu,  lUnt  <Mi. 

AughHr  of  Janni  tblid  Duke  of  Mon.  18.  At  Hc»  Hmm*,    Hodi    F'    -■- 

Ipeae^  Hid  hai  left  iHue.    The  ramaln*  of  HerafordAife,  «    '          ■      - 

Hm  hia  Eari  were  iDlsntd,  Jaa.  99,  in 

Aa  jmnh  dnuch  of  Wakhpool.  Mont. 

ffaaimaUra,    alModed  h«  a   BmarotM  NoMbamptoo,  a  raagiMrale  t 

IraiaofnWve*  aodfrieadi.     Hii  death  liei  of  Menfbrd  aaS  WilH. 

«*nMd  lb*  gretteM  ngret  ia  the  lmtii»-  10.  At  Eweanj  Abhej,  Ridiud  Tn^ 

diau  neigbboarbood  of  bm  retideaM^     H  banille  Tnibcnille,  eeq.,  ■  nagiatntvaad 

■  maiolf  oocarionad  bj  an  accidental  depaty-KeumiiBt  fbr  me  eo.  of  Gfamor- 


Herafcrdriwe,  eMd  72.  the  R«*.  Wd. 
liaa  M0IM7  VijOe,  M.A.  of  that  phee, 
Whetfaan,  to.  Wiha,  and  Pitrfisit,  to. 


•hot  In  hii  legfroaiapiBi*hilit  enjoflng     no,  and  nepbew  to  the  gaHanl  Geaeial 
■'      -    ■    '   ■  -    ■     ■■  ^  Tboww  Picton. 

—  At  Hontreal,  Canada,  wed  7 
the  Tlii  of  JaDinry.     The  noUe  miStnr     Hon.  JaoMa  Raid,  lale  Chief  Itm 


tha  aport  of  phe«aM  ahoodBK.  in  tbe  pre-     Kr  Tbooiw  Pidon. 

"  -   It  to  Ma  tDBBMon,  eo  Fridaj',         —  At  Hontreal,  Canada,  wed  7K  the 


wM  reported  tat  khm  daja  afterward)  u  the  Court  of  Kins^ 

'  ~ig  farounblji  but  m  the  eighth  -~^  At  Bndeanus    nouae,    tHKmg- 

'•^^•■"■-onewaaperaeptibht,  hamifaire,  ued  88;  buc  D'tmeK,  ea^, 

beeouentlj  enniing,  D.C.L.     Mr.  D'bneH  w«  bran  at  Ba- 

and  nluaUe  life  of  Beid,  neu-  Londoii,  in  At  antmA  of  Mar, 

•nllghtmed,  and  bighl;  1766,  and  wa*  tbe  only  diUd  of   Bea- 

t  noUeoiaB,  wboas  ion  to  tlw  jamiD    O'laaeli.  a   Veoeliui   merdiaDt, 


lOMdiale  Deighboarhood  of  hla  reddeocB  who  had  been  fcr  many  reai 

id  the  a^j^tni^  oouMiet  baa  been  aeml-  thii  countrv.     He  recared  m 

017  Mt  aa  •  public  oalanitT, — for  it  ii  tiou  at  a  aAool  near  rhe  pkee  at  an  na. 

{irobabla  that  acarcet;  an;  ndblenuu)  btbt  livity :  btit  a  Mmaderabl*  pwtian  of  hi> 


>  ntpeet  (Mm  all     boTbood  wa*  uieat  in 


_.  L^rdBB,  "bore  ha  acquired  a  koowledga 

raaoded  ihaa  hi*  lale  lanUilp ;  linng  ai  of  wrenl  modeni  lancuage^  aad  appKed 

be  did  In  Ihe  bearta  of  hit  nelgbboun,  Mmadf to  dawicil  ituaea  with  aome  aHea- 

hnvJDg  gained  iheir  nObetioni  byhoneM  tion.butwithBOTeiyext-aordiBarTiuBee^ 

■— *■ —    *-■ I  thereAite    deserved  aod  He  afterwardi  made  a  Ibbt  in  FVeDca  and 


■acured    ibeir    gmiitude    for    kindoetae*     ttilf,  and  came  httk  mitb  «  nluable  «i 
tumerou  and  •eniceable,  and  bj  oour-     lectioo  of  booka,  and  a  eoaflrnied  Ir 


1,  both  by  habit  Md  principle,  for  French  liierature.  At  a  ntj  eariy 
— w  uD«  poUa,  hm,  and  aondeaoand-  period  of  lifb  Mr.  D'breell  mhjhiled  • 
lag.  dedded  tMte  lor  lileMture,  and  was  the 


.    ,,  tbe  4(h   Baronet    of    Pulej,  00.  appeared  in  the  fiigidie  publioadona  ol 

Southamnion  (1773).  a    Depntv-Liett.  tbaday;  and  alio  of  aome  minor  noreb, 

Mnant  of  Eaei.      Sir  Henry  Mildniay  diieB^  oriental,  but  dJWtnguJabed  by  a 

Mw  tbe  tepfBHnlaliie  of  the  famlHea  <d  propriety  of  cMtume  md  aetewnriea  at 

BL  John,  Canw,  and  Mlldmay.  and  the  that  time  nnknewD  and  aneipeeted  in 

owner  of  (Mr  eilentive  catalea.    He  luo-  that  ipaciei  of  litaraivn«.     It  wai  ia  an- 

eeeded  hb  luber  Not.  11,  1808.     Ue  other  and  in  almoK  new  Add  ia  which 

ntnted  am,   Aug.  7.  ISOg,   Chariotta,  Mr.  D'bndi  acquired  hk  fcara— that  of 

aUert  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Bertbolomew  Uteraiy  hiator^  and  criliciin.     Thia  im 

BoaTarie,  (unda  lo  tbe  Bad  of  Radnor,}  a  punul  in  which  D'liraeli  wm  eminently 

Hba  died  od  the  Ah  of  AugoU  In  tbe  lucoenAil,  and  of  which  pabKe  favoHr 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  207 

DS,KTai.—jAM. 

eaeoangfd  the  production  In   m  ncarlj  tic*  of  Lttantnre."    Mr.  D'kneR  wuk 

contJDuoua  atream  for  more  linn  Tony  contribolor  to  tbe  earij  mimben  of  the 

yan.      In   1791    be  publiahed  the  Bnt  "  Qoartcrly   Roiien."      Her    review  of 

Tohime  of  his  "  CuHodtiea  of  Literatore ;  Spenoa'i  Aoecdolea,  in  l^tO,  nd  ■  tib- 

ContiMing    of    Aneedotn,     CbiracKn,  dictlton  bodi  of  the  Bioral  md  poetical 

U:etebe«,    ind    ObterretioM.    Liieivj,  tdmeler  of  Popo,  pnrdDced  the  bnaas 

Crhkal,  and  HiBlorics)."      He  added  a  Pope  eoaCrai«riy,  ia  iMcii  Mr.  B«iri«, 

•eeond  volunte  m  1799.  in  wfaicb  jaa  be  Lord  Bynm,  and  othan  took  part.     He 

•bo  pobliibed  •  new  amj,  entitled  "  A  tlKt  oontribMed  maaj  eMa]«  and  letteni 

DinertatioD  on  Anecdote*."    The  "  Cu-  Dpon  eun«nt  nrfnedi  to  rarioui  pablio- 

rioiities"    liere    i^nduall;  increased    to  tionii  and  wo  tnemoOj  tbe  Und  pnv 

tbiee  Tohime*;  and  a  Second  Series  wai  motar  of  ofaacure  IHcnir  men!.      Mr. 

pablidied  in  three  Tatamea,  182&    The;  D'laraali  Bwried,  Fob.    10,  1802,  Miat 

n«M  lemoddled  and  improred  in  Tarioua  Baieii,  Mt«r  to  Oe<ma  BmbtI,  eaq.,  of 

cditionii  and  reached  their  twelfth  im-  Br4ghia«(  and  aunt  to  Qielat*  Mr.  George 

nremon  in  the  feai  1841.     In  1795  Mr.  Baaeii,  the  archttect.     Bv  thit  Mj  Re 

lybneK  poMiahed   hta   "  Eanjr  on  the  ha*  Ml  MM  daughter  and  UmM  mm,  tbe 

Manner*  and  Oraiui  of  the  Literacy  Cha-  rideat  of  wbom  m  do*  member  for  Bunt' 

-      -    "  in  1796,  "  Miicellaniea,  or  Lite<  Inghamahire,  and  I*  well  known  bo«h  in 


ran  Recrealiom;'  in  1813  and  1813,  bia     hia  lilacaiy  and  bia  political  cbaraetar, 
"  Calamiliea  of  Aathora-,  NicludiaK  aome        30.  At  Wotleitb,  nev  Bidefard,  ved 
inqoirlee  leapecting  tbelr  Moral  and  Lite-    8B,  Lieut-OMeiJ  WilUam  Tbomai,  Q». 


ran   Cbaneten,"   in  two   rolomea;    in  nragr  of  Troonioutb  Caatle  and  CIW 

IB14,  "  Quarrela  of  Auibort;  or,  aDme  Pott      Thia  gallant  oSoe*  entered  d>e 

Metttolra  fbr  our  Literar;  Htatorji  in-  armjao  far  back  aa  Marab,  1776.     He 

clndhig  Spedmetia  of  ControTenv,  ta  tbe  aerved  in  the  Brat  American  mr,  and  «a< 

reign  of  EliMbeth,*    S  mk     In   1816  preaeirt  at  the  asTenl  laodioga  on  Stales, 

appeared  hia  "  Imlair^  itiio  the  Lilerarj  LonF^i  and  York  Manib;  at  the  battle  of 

and   Polltieal   Cbueder  of  King  Jama  tba    S7lb    of    Angaat,   1777,  on   L«bc 

Ibe   PIraL"    On  tbeae  worka,  and  more  [aland;    the  capture  of   Porta   Lee  and 

particularly  "  The  Curionliei  of  Litera.  Wariiington,  and  the  battles  of  Brandj- 

ture,"  will  rest  Mr.  O'lsraell'a  moat  en-  wisa  and  Oermanlown,  at  which  last  ba 

dnring  reputation;  but  for  a  while  he  d»-  rscelTed  two  balk  in  hi*  head.     Hs  pio- 

ri*ed  a  noiaier  bme  Irom  hia   "  Oim-  eae^d  to  the  Weal  Indiea  In  1778,  and 

tnenlaiies  on   tbe    Life   and    Reign  of  WM  preaent  at  Ibe  capture  of  SL  Lnda 

Chariea  L"     For  thla  produdion    the  and  tbe  battle  of  Vigie  i  aerred  on  board 

UniTerailj  of  Oifbrd  conltncd  upon  bin  Ibe  CormraU,  in  the  action  off  Orenada, 

tbe  bonorarf  degree  of   D.C.L.,  aa  a  between  Admfaal  Bjroaaod  tbe  CoiUe 

tcadRiony  of  thetr  leafiect— to  uae  the  d'Eatalgnei,  on  tbe  6ib  Jul]',  1779;  and 

language  of  their  piriilic  ontm^-optaii  waa  abo  on  boaH  tbe  Cmfwror  tai  die 

regu  aptimo  AAnaori      From  tiiia  die-  action  between  AdminI  mker  and  La 

cutiion  into  political  eontroYenj'  he  re-  Holta  Pioqoet,  in  Fort  Ron]  Ba^,  Ma(>> 

tnnted  wiOi  renewed  leat  to  hia  literary  linlque,  on  llie  I9lti  Dbc  1779)  and  in 

hiM(«7,  and,  n\ying  on  hh  atronr  con-  the    ancoeaaiie    actiona    between    Rear' 

fthution,  united  nith  habHs  of  nnbniken  Admiral    Rowlej  with    the    Cemla    de 

stodr,  be  was  aanvuine  enoogh,  at  the  i^  Oulchen,  olT  Martinique,  ou  tba  1 7tb  of 

c^  tfaieeacora  and  ten.  to  entertain  ■  hope  April  following.     He  waa  fnseot  at  tbe 

of  completing  acompreheitaiTe  reriewof  ceptnre  of  Port-au-Prince  on  the  4th  of 

Oiis  mtrnct,  which  he  had  laid  down  on  a  June,  1794 ;  and  Hr*ed  ako  in  Ireland 

scale  of  fti  Tolumea ;    but  in  the  jear  during  the  rebellion  in  1798. 

1889  be  waa  alric^en  with  blindneaa^  and,  —  At   Famborangh    Hill,    m*1    74, 

ytbongh  be  submlttnd  to  Ibe  operatkm  of  Harriet,  widow  of  Str  Chariea  Tbomai 

cnocMnp,  be  conld  riAin  no  rdtef  ftom  Ptdmer,  ttait,  of  Wanlip  Hall,  Leioeiter< 

a  calamiH  most  grieroiai  to  an  biatorical  sbiie,  who  died  In  1887. 

author.    NeretlfaeleN  be  soon  took  bent,  —  At  Copanb^eo,  in  bis  62ad  mr, 

and  with  Ibe  aid  of  bit  dsngfaler,  whose  Ifia  Hnesty  Chrialkn  Frederick  VIII., 

serrioea  be   baa   eloqueetlj  referred  to  Kiq;  of  Denmark,  I>ake  of  Scblaswig, 

in  Mi  preftee,  be  gare  Ibe  world  aonM  Holstahi,  and  Laoenberg,  Sorareigo  of 

notice*  of  tbe  earlier  pniod  of  OUT  INernry  tbe  Order  of  the  Elephant,  Ac,  Ac    He 

bialorjr,  (whidi  be  bad  collected  for  the  wv  nncfadmed  Km^  of  Norway,  May 

iMlger  work,)  nnderlbe  title  of  "  Amenl.  19,  1814,  but  abdicnied  that  tbnneon 


208        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHa—JAN. 
the  15th  AupiM  in  Iha  ume  jear.     He         ~    At   Sumurei,  the   Hon.   lftRli& 
•ucceeded  to  tlie  throne  of   Oenmiiii,     Himet  Sauimrei,  onlj  lurriving  dingliur 
Dec  3,  1899.  on  the  death  of  hia  cokuin,     of  the  Ule  Lord  de  Suimuei. 
King  Kndertck  VI.     ChriitiBn  vcended        21.  At  KeniinKton,  wed  70,  tbe  Rn. 
dw  IhrDDB  witli  ■  high  cbtncter.    He  hid     Georse   Clirk,   A.M.,  Chaplain   to  tlw 

p  for  the  independence  of  Norwi;     K.  M.  Allium,  Cbelaea.     Mr.  Clark  w. 

Sweden. hadj       •.-....   c    .     .       ,.__ 

•  conrtitution,  and  B     ^         .    .  ^  .      ,-  ...,._. 

ill  people,  and  been  elected  bj  them  their  bj  Sanh  Rudidell,  and  gisndton  i. 
mooarch.     Thoiu;h  he  nibmitled  to  the      Samuel  Clark,  of  St  Albani,  D.D.,  the 

deairei  of   the   Congreu  of  Vienna,  he  frieodof  Wattiand  Neal,Bndtibeguanliaii 

■till  had  EtiTen  proo&  of  merit  and  hardi-  and  friend  of  Doddridge.     Mr.  Clark  ma 

hood.  To  tbi*  the  king  joined  marked  educaledal  KuBbif.auclal  Trinity  CoUeoe, 
iBMe  for  literature  and  the  line  arta.  The  Cambridge,  where  he  gnujuated  A.&, 
mited  natiotulitj  of  the  province!  under  1 799.  He  icaa  ordained  Deacoo  bj  Bubop 
bii  rule,  and  the  jealoiuiei  ariaing  there-      Madan.  at  Pelerborougfa,  180a     In  IMJl 

from,  caiued  much  disaenaion  ancTdiKon-  be  Iield  the  curacy  of  KingMhorpe,  near 
lent,  and  no  unall  tiouble  to  the  aore-     Northamplon ;  and  in  180*  be  wai  ap- 

reion.     Theie  diipulea  the  king  managed  pointed  Chaplain  to  the  Mililai;  Aijlum 

with  much  lact  and  good  aenie,  and  re-  then  founded,  which,  without  olber  pre- 

lajned  (be  love  sad  reaped  of  the  people  fennent,  he  held  till  faia  death.  Palenullj 

to  the  laat.    One  of  thete  queitiona,  how-  be  waa  the  repteaenlatiTe  of  a  rscn  of 

enr,  which  cauaed  the  king  much  aoiielj,  puritan  di tinea  bearing  Ihe  Christian  nanM 

la  of  more  importance,  atnce  on  hia  death  of  Samuel,  aod  eminent  through  manj 

it  haa  gJTen  nse  to  an  European  quarrel,  generatioiu  for  ibeir  writinga  on  religioui 

Tiz.,    the   rigbt   of  auMeiiioD.      At   ihe  aubjecti,  aeveni  of  whichliear  introduc- 

tbrone  of  Denmark  paaard  to  female  hein,  tioa*  from  Howe,  Owen,  Bailer,  Walta, 

and  aa  Holatein  wai  a  male  fief,  the  quea-  and  Doddridge,  and  one  ofwbich,  "  Com- 

tion  waa,  bow  diould  the  lucceeaion  be  re-  mentariea  on  (be  Bible,"   wai  edited  bj 

gulaled,  both  ititJi  reapect  to  Schleawig  Whitfield.     Mr.  Clark   alao  reoioenled 

and  to    Holatein?      At  length  the  king  an    elder   coheir  of  Jobn    Hardwick,  of 

came  forward  in  1846,  and  be  letten  pa-  Hardwick,  and    aiater   to    Eliiabetb   of 

lent  m«de  the  aingularly  modeat  declara-  Shrewaburj,   who    huill    Hardwick    Hall 

tion  that   Schleawis   miut  remain  indu-  and    Chattworth.    Mr.  Clark   waa   well 

Utably  attached  to  ibe  Daniih  monarchy,  luiled  to   bia   congregalion.     Hi*  Toice 

but  tut,  aa  to  Holatein,  tbe  right  of  tuc-  "aa  harmonioua,  ila  enunciation  retj  dia- 

ceaaion  waa  doubtful.     Thia  very  humble  tiact;   hia  aermooi  were  dear,  condae, 

and  almoat  unkiti^y  conceaiion,  inatead  lerj  practical,  aod  leiy  short,     lie  cao~ 

of  bemg  met  with  reaped  bj  Ihe  Hoi-  fined  bimaelf  to  tbegreataaiingdoctrinea 

ateinera,  excited  their  utmoat  indignation,  of  Chriatianity,  aa  beat  auiled  [o  the  age 

They  did  not  wiab  to  have  their  felea  and  circumalancet  of  hi*  flock,  and  moat 

aeparated  from  that  of   Scbleawig,  and  couHinaot  to  hit  own  feelinga.    He  waa 

their  remoDatrancea  were  loud;  aa  much  very  cheeriul,  a  lover  and maxeroFpeaoe, 

ao,  that  Kiag  Chriatian  waa  dl^utted  with  Careful  in  hia  apeech,  kind  and  cbarilable 

forming  projecta  for  preaening  intact  the  in  hia  worda  and  actioDi,  a  loyal  aubject,  in 

preaent  kingdom  of  Denmark.     To  thia  public  an  elotjucot  ipeaker,  in  cooveiaa. 

polii^   hia  auccesnr,   Frederick   VII.,   ia  tion  often  witty,  aod  retaining  to  tbe  Ia4 

conatdered   to    be    peculiarly    attached,  much  of  the  rivacity  of  youth.     He  waa 

Cbrialian  married  6nt,  June  II,  1806.  a  man  of  much  prayer,  living  alwaya  ai 

bia  couain,  the  Princeaa  Charlotte  Fiede-  before  God;  death  aod  heaven  were  al- 

ODgue.     He  wa*  buried 

1   1812;    aecondly.  May  22,  in  the  churcbyard  of  St.  Luke'a,  Cbelaea, 

1815,    tbe    Princeaa    Caroline    Amelia,  and  wai  attended  to   hia  grave  by  the 

daughter   of   tbe    lata   Duke   Fra^rick  children   and  inmalea   of   the    Aiylum. 

Chrutian  of  Schlenaig- Holatein- Sonder-  Ma.   Clark   married,  23rd   Sept.,  1800, 

buig-Aui(ualenburg.    The  queen  nirriiea  Clara,  only  daughter  of  Thomaa  Dicey, 

bJm.      By  the  former  marriage  be  bad  of  Claybrook   Hall,  in    the   oounqr  of 

iaaue,  hi*  loo  and  aucceaaor,   Frederick  Leicaaler,  by  whom  be  bad  four  aoo*  and 

Cbarle*  Chrlatian.  boTD   in    1808,    now  one  daughter. 
Frederick  VII.  —  At  Weymouth,  Eliiabeib  Lucretia, 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  209 

DEATHa~lAH. 

wife  of  St  W.  L.  Otorfe  Tbomu,  but  Ing^eT-     At  thtX  ol  1818  be  wu  returned 

She  «u  the  diughler  of  Richvd  Welch,  for  the  cit;  of  Exeter,  and  agua  in  1820. 

eiq.,  and  had  iaaue  three  umi  and  three  At  (he  general  election  of  IS2B,   Mr. 

daughlen.  Newnun  retired  Iroin  the  repreaenlalion 

—  At  Colesfaill,  Wanrickihire,  aged  of  Exeter;  aod  in  1827  be  Kired  the 
1%  the  RsT.  WiUiam  Kgbv,  Cuton  of  office  of  high  iheriff  of  the  eounty  of 
Worceater,  Vicu-  of  Colcahill,  and  Per-  DoTon.  In  1896  he  ma  cieated  a  ba- 
petual  Curate  of  OBenhuiu  ronet.     He  married  Sept  21, 1819,  Hu? 

—  In  Pall  MaJI,  aged  83,  General  Jane,  third  dauffbter  of  Richard  Denne, 
John  Vincent.  Colonel  of  the  e9th  Regi-  eaq.,  of  WinchiUea. 

ment     Thit  officer  terved  id  the  West        —  At  Brighton,  Mr.  Thomas  Wekh, 

Indies,  and  was  al  ibe  tailing  of  St  Do-  the  eminent  composer  and  local  teacher, 

ningo.     On  hi*  mj  home  be  ma  cap-  He  was  a  native  of  the  citj  of  WelU 

tured  bj  a  French  fngite.  and  detained  a  where  at  the  ase  of  <ix  he  was  ■  cborister 

priaooer  aboutavear.     He  Krred  in  ibe  in   (he    cathedral,  to  wbich  his   eicel. 

-  -    '■  ■ ^aH("  -    -'    ^  '  ■    -       -•-   '■' • 


eipedition  to  the  Helder,  ud  Buhaequentljr     lent  uniting  attracted  Ihe  loTen  of 
■     '■       ~     '■'■" "  ""   """     '  '        «-  -  -  "  .1    T>  ■  .  1   3ndgewater,  an 

The  reputali 


the  expedition  to  Copenhagen  under    from  B^>  DriBtol,  Bridgetiater,  and  still 
■■*■'■■     "    -^r;  ^r  ,■■■-■--  -^ 


so  joung  i 

. .          ,  of  Mr.  Sheridan,  who  sent  to  Wells  and 

—  At  Ibstoek,  Leicestershire,  af^  78,  engaged  the  lad  for  the  oratorios,  then 
the  Rev.  Chu'le*  Goddwd,  D.D.,  Skib-  conducted  hy  Linley,  at  Ihe  Open-bouse 
Dean  of  Lincoln,  and  Rector  of  Ibitock.  in  the  HaTniarlfet  On  his  Gnt  perferm- 
Dr.  Ooddard  was  a  prot£g£  of  the  bmilj  ance  (he  boy  founded  a  reputation,  which, 
of  Grenrille,  and  commenoed  life  as  a  until  that  period,  it  had  never  been  the 
clerk  inotte  of  the  offlcea  of  GovemDMnl.  ble  of  any  child  to  enjoy;  and  an  en- 
Tbe  office  of  Collector  and  Trmismitler  gagement  followed  for  the  stage,  during 
of  State  iSiDen  in  the  Secretoryol  Stale's  which  he  perfonned  ia  many  cmeras. 
office  for  the  Foreign  Department  was  Through  tlia  liberal  feelingi  of  Mr.  Kem- 
conferred  upon  him  bv  patent,  with  a  hie,  who  bestowed  great  pains  on  him,  he 
salary  of  500/..  andhe  afterwards  received  was  also  brought  into  notice  u  an  actor. 
a  further  pension  of  8dOL  per  annum.  The  woriu  produced  by  Welsh,  when 
Having  taken  holy  order*,  be  w*i  collated  about  twenty- three  veers  of  age,  were  the 
to  the  prebend  of  Luda  or  Loulb.  in  Ihe  brces  of  •■  The  Green-eyed  Monster," 
cathedral  church  of  Lincoln,  by  Bishop  and  "  Twenty  Years  ago."  at  Ibe  Lyceum 
Prelymao  in  1814,  and  appointed  Arch-  Theatre,  and  ■  full  opera  at  Covenl-garden 
deaooD  of  Lincoln  by  ibe  same  prelate  in  entitled  "  Kamskalks,"  which,  although 
1817.  Dot  successAil  as  a  drama,  gave  the  com- 

22.   In  Keppell^treet  Middleni,  aged  poaer  of  Ibe  mnsic  great  scope,  and  placed 

61,  ihe  Rev.  John  Henry  Hume,  Vicar  Welsh  high  in  his  profession,  for  Issle  and 

of  Hillmotton  and  o(  EHgh^deao,  Wilt-  song-writing,  and  abilitv  iu  the  armige- 

ihiie.     He  was  grandson  of  the  Right  ment  of  the  orchestra.   &e  was  afterwards 

Rev.  John  Hume,  Lord  Bidiop  of  Salis-  chiefly  engaged  in  the  education  of  pupils 

bury.  fer  the  stage.     He  brought  forward  the 

—  At  Brisbeoe  House,  Aynhire,  Cap-  following  eminent  vocalists: — Miss  Ste- 
lain    John    William    Douglas   Bri^Mne,  pheni,  Mr.  Siuclair,  Mr.  C.  H 
R.  N.,  only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Vice-  Merry.  Miss  Wilson  (whom  he 


,  „  --   ., jn  (wh — „ 

Admiral  Sir  Charles  Brisbane,  K.C.B.  and  Miss  ShirreR'.      He  composed  several 

24.  At  Freemaolle  Park,  nesr  South-  dramatic  pieces,  song*,  glecdi,  be 

ampton,  aged  86,   Dame  Julia  Hewelt,  25.   Aged  34,  Sir  George  King  Adler- 

relict  of  Ihe  Riebl  Hon.  Gen.  Sir  C3earge  cron  Molyneux,  Ihe  eiith  bart  ^  Castte 

Heweli,  bait.,  G.C.B.  Dillon,  co.  Armagh  (1730). 

—  AtMambead,  DevoDsbiie,aged71,  27.   At  Heme  Bav,  Frsnoes  Isabella, 

Sr  Robert  WiUiam   Newman,  bait,  a  youngest  surviving  Jau^ter  of  the  liue 

depuly-lieuleoant   of  thai   coun^,  and  Btr  S.  Egetton  Brydgts,  bait,  of  Denton 

formerly  H.P.  fbr  Exeter.     Ha  wag  the  Court  near  Canterbury, 

eldest  son  of  Thomas  Newman,  m.,  of  —  At  Tonbridge  Well*,  in  his  85tb 

Dartmoulb,  In  a  daughler  of  John  Page,  year.  General  Piei^rick  Maillsnd,  Colonel 

esq.,  of  London.     He  ww  first  returned  of  the  aStb  Regiment     He  was  bom  3rd 

to  Parliament  at  the  general  election  of  Sept  1763,  and  was  the  your^est  son  of 

1813  as  one  of  the  membera  for  Blelch-  General  the  Hon.  Sir  Alexander  Maitlaad, 

Vol.  XC.  P 


210        ANNUAL    REGISTEB,  1848. 

DEATHS. -Jan. 
but,  hy  Penelope,  duigfater  of  Colonel  under  Sir  Ttutmu  Trifcgc,  artk  wIiimb 
MutiQ  Madui,  nho  mat  granii^iece  of  alio  be  ma  wcond  in  coainuDd  ■!  Ihc 
Lord  Chancellor  Cawper—coutin  to  the  Uking  of  Surinttn  in  1804.  In  1805  be 
Met,  ind  (itter  of  ihe  eminent  Dr.  Madu),  waa  appointed  Gkitenior  of  Granada,  b; 
Biiliop  of  Peterborough.  Of  hii  brothen,  the  eiprea  conimand  of  hii  Hajeal; 
the  ddeil.  Sir  Alexander  Gibaon,  aurrived  George  JIL  to  Lord  Camden,  and  Hajor- 
him  but  a  few  dajn  (aee  Feb.  7).  The  General  on  the  Staff,  which  eDTeminent 
■eeond,  Atiouatiu,  mi  killed  while  in  he  held  until  1811.  [n  1807  be  waa 
command  of  the  fint  battaliti  of  Foot  aecond  in  command  under  Lieut.-Geii. 
Ouarda,  at  Egmont-op-Zee,  In  1799.  Bowser  at  ihe  aecond  capture  of  St. 
And  Ihe  third,  William,  a  midihipnun,  Thomaa  and  Santa  Crtii,  whu^  had  been 
waa  drowned  In  attempting  to  aave  Ihe  reatnred  at  [be  Peace  of  Amiena  hi  IffB, 
live*  of  two  lariiei  in  the  wreck  of  the  and  received  the  aurrender  of  St  Thomaa 
Dartmouth  Eaat  Indiaman  in  the  B»  of  from  the  aame  Dutch  KOTertior,  Van 
Bengal  in  1781.  Thia  Teteian  officer  Schogen.  on  the  aame  apot  be  bad  act 
entered  the  armjr  in  the  14th  Reniment  him  on  the  aame  errand  cii  jean  pf»- 
b  1779,  and  erat  lerTed  aa  a  marine  on  Tioualj.  in  tSOI.  Id  1809  he  commanded 
board  H.M.  ihip  Unkm,  belongrng  to  the  under  General  Beckwith  a  diTinon  at  the 
Clianoe1fleet,andaltbefiege  of  Gibnllar  capture  of  Martinique,  for  which  be  re- 
in 1781.  He  aerved  during  Ihe  earlier  ceived  a  gold  medal  and  the  thanka  of 
MTt  of  the  war  in  Tariaua  parta  of  Parliament!  he  alao  commanded  an  ei. 
Europe,  and  then  wai  ordered  lo  the  pedilion  againal  ibe  Saintea,  which  woe 
Weal  Indiea,  where  he  waa  engaged  in  taken  immediately  after.  In  1811  be  wv 
the  capture  of  the  aeTcral  coloniet  in  appointed  lecond  in  command  of  the 
1793-94  and  95,  and  waa  on  Ihe  itaff  of  army  in  Sicily  under  Lord  William  Boi- 
the  Quutennarier-General  under  General  tinck.  In  1812  he  waa  aent  in  command 
Cuyler.  He  wa*  aent  home  with  des-  of  6550  men,  half  foreignen,  detuned 
patchea  after  the  capture  of  Tobago,  and  from  Ibe  Angto-Sicilion  army,  to  make  a 
got  the  bmret  rank  of  Major.  He  waa  diTeraion  in  favour  of  the  Dtike  of  WeU 
■laa  aidenie-camp  lo  General  Sir  Charles  lington  on  Ihe  eaalem  coait  of  Spain, 
Grer  (gnndblher  lo  the  prewnl  Eari  where  Mirahal  Suchel  held  the  ftiitifj 
Gl«]').witb  whom  he  waa  alao  at  the  relief  of  Barcelona,  Tarragona,  Figuent,  Vi- 
of  Nieuport,  on  the  coaat  of  Holland,  in  lencla,  Geiona,  and  a  diipoaable  fbroe  of 
179a  He  waa  engaged  in  two  naval  28,000  men;  he  landed  al-Alicant,  but 
aetioni;  Gnt,  in  1793,  on  board  H.M,  under  the  arduauanen  of  the  taak  hit 
■loop  Fairy.  18  guni.  Captain  (afterwards  health,  impaired  by  a  long  Weat  Indian 
Admiral)  Lafbrey,  with  a  French  32-gun  aervice,  failed  him,  and  he  relumed  to 
ffigate,  which  was  beaten  olT  and  escaped  England.  He  nu  then  granted  the 
after  a  chaae.  in  which  oclion  Captain  LieuL-Govemorship  of  Dominica  by  the 
Maitland  cDmnunded  the  Marines^  and,  King,  ai  an  eipreu  reward  fbr  hiaserricea. 
■econdly,  in  1797,  on  board  H.M.  ahip  In  IBIO  he  wa*  appointed  Colonel  oflbe 
.^rXAtua.  Captain  Woolley,  with  a  Frencli  Ceylon  Riflea.  and  in  1833  was  mmoved 
corvette,  La  GeUli.  18  guni,  which  waa  to  the  5Bth  Regiment.  He  attuned  &it 
taken  -,  in  which  action  Colonel  Maitland  full  rank  of  Genera]  in  May  1825.  Ge- 
commanded  the  cabin  guna.  In  1796,  he  neral  Maitland'*  civil  lervicea  were  of  a 
wa*  appointed  Secretary  to  Gen-  Sir  very  high  clasa.  Hia  eicellent  adminii- 
Ralph  Abercrombv,  and  returned  with  tralion  of  the  novemmenta  committed  lo 
him  to  the  Weat  Indiea,  and  he  waa  hia  hit  charge  entitle  htm  lo  be  tanked  veiy 
confidential  aecretarj  until  1800,  being  high  among  the  civil  aervanti  of  the 
with  him  at  the  capture  of  the  French,  Crown.  Hia  attenllan  to  the  detail*  of 
Dutch,  and  Daniah  Wert  India  island*  in  Ihe  military  tenice  have  entitled  him  to 
1796  and  1797;  also  in  Ireland  during  be  called  the  aoldiera' friend.  Hia  piivate 
Ihe  Etebellion  in  1798,  in  Scotland,  and  character  waa  moat  eiemplaryi  he  waa 
with  the  expedition  lo  the  Helder  in  1799.  upright,  juat,  and  diatnterv«ted.  He  nai- 
In  1800,  having  attained  the  rank  of  ried  in  Barbadnei,  in  November  1790, 
Colonel,  be  returned  to  the  Weat  Indie*  Catharine,  daughter  of  John  Prettijahn, 
•a  Quartermaater-General ;  waa^>polnled  eaq.,  of  that  island. 
Brigadier- General,  and  Commandant  at  —  Aged82,  Mr.  Arthur  Bigga,  P.L3., 
Port  Royal.  In  1801  he  commanded  a  late  and  lor  many  years  curator  of  the 
brigade  at  Ihe  capture  of  St.  Bartholomevr,  Botanic  Garden  of  Cambridge. 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Maitin,  and  Santa  Crui,         9a  At  Herbier  Houie,  Peniance,  aged 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  211 

DEATHS. -Jan. 

iubsequenl  jeara  (erred  in  the  umj, 
under  Sir  Ralph  Abercrombf,  it  Ine 
captures  of  Mutinique,  Giiadaloupe.  and 
St  Lucia,  the  siege  of  Fort  Bourbon,  the 
night  attack  on  the  Vigie,  and  the  aanuit 
of  Mome  FoTfunfe,  where  he  wm  leverely 
wounded.  In  17^  he  waa  appointed 
aide-de-camp  to  LieuL-Gen,  Sir  Jamei 
PultenCT.  He  served  in  the  expedition 
to  North  Holland,  in  1799,  and  mi  pre. 
tent  at  the  action  of  Auguat  27,  on  the 
landing  near  the  Helder,  aa  also  those  of 
Sept.  10  and  Oct.  2  and  S  of  the  ume 
on  that  ship     jear. 


24,   Min  Bruen,   daughter  of  Col.   H. 
Bnien,  M.P.  force.  Carlow. 

29.  At  Edinburgh,  Pringle  Stoddart, 
esq.,  Bear-Adroirafof  the  White.  This 
veteran  sailor  commenced  his  career  in 
1782,  iu  [he  serrice  of  (he  East  India 
Companjr,  and  entered  Ihe  Royal  Navy 
inIT83,ODb4iardlhe£jEfer.64,  forming 
one  oif  the  squadron  under  Sir  E.  Hughe*, 
on  the  Indian  station.  In  this  ship  he 
vru  present  in  the  action  with  Ihe  French 
Beet  off  Cuddaiore,  and  returned  home  in 
the  Africa,  64.  Having  aerred  until 
1786  m  the  Venus  fri|{Bte,  on  that  ship 
being  paid  off,  he  entered  the  Runian 
naij'  as  ■  Lieutenant,  and  bare  ■  part  in 
Ihe  several  battles  nhich  took  place  during 
the  war  between  Catharine  and  Guitavus. 
In  1791,  when  a  rupture  tooli  olace  be- 
IweeD  Russia  and  this  country.  Mr.  Stod- 
(bet  mi  received  on  board  the  FomadiAle 
•a  B  midsbipnian,  and  subsequently  re- 
turned to  the  East  India  Company's  ser- 
vice as  a  mate,  in  which  situation  he 
remained  until  1793,  when  he  again  joined 
Hie  Kofal  NaiT,  and  after  serving  in  the 
Amtnymacht,  Valiara,  and  Queen  Char- 
bile,  until  1796,  he  was  made  Lieutenant 
in  March  that  year,  and  appointed  to  the 
Tridail.  64.     In  that  rank  be  ; 


nied  the  army  to  Ferrol  and  the  coast  of 
Spain  in  1800.  Having  returned  10  Eng- 
land, he  continued  to  serve  with  the  army 
on  the  south  coast  until  appointed  Major 
in  the  43rd  Regiment,  Aug.  II,  1804; 
the  2nd  battalion  of  which  he  commanded 
during  the  organisation  and  training  of 
the  light  brigade  under  Sir  John  Moore. 
On  the  I7th  April,  1807.  he  was  prumolcd 
to  the  rank  of  Lieut. -Colonel,  and  ap. 
pointed  Deputy  Adjutant- General  at  Ihe 
Cii)>e  of  Good  Hope,  tii  1816  Colonel 
Sorell  proceeded  to  Van  Diemen'i  Land 
as  Governor,  and  during  the  period  of 
years  in  which  he  conduit  ihe  a^ra  of 
that   rising   colony  he  secured  Ihe  full 


•everal  ship*  with  much   credit  and  dis-      approbation  of  die  Ooi 


.    particularly   in    the   Kent,    .    . 

where  he  obtained  the  unequivocal  praise 
of  Sir  Ralph' Abcrcromby  and  Sir  Sidney 
Smith,  for  his  lealous  and  gallant  conduct 
ht  Ihe  baUles  of  tite  8lh,  13th.  and  24th 
of  March,  when  he  was  attached  to  the 
seamen's  division  serving  on  shore ;  and 
he  was  subsequently  honoured  with  a  gold 
medal  from  the  Turkish  GovemmeaL  In 
Jan.  1806  he  was  made  Commander,  and 
appointed  to  the  Onuwr.  in  which  vessel 
he  captured  Iwo  privateers;  and,  being 
attached  to  Lord  Gambler's  fleet  during 
the  siege  of  Copenhagen,  and  stationed 
with  Ihe  flotilla  in-ehore,  he  was  several 
times  warmly  engaged.  He  was  made 
post,  OcL  13.1807;  and,beingam>oinled 
to  the  Paltai  frigate  for  a  short  time  on 
the  coast  of  Norway,  he  there  captured 
two  Danish  privaleer&  He  was  advanced 
to  the  rank  of  Rear-Admiral   Nov.   23, 

— '  Colonel  William  Sor«ll,  late  Go- 
vernor of  Van  Diemen's  Land.  Colonel 
Sorell  was  Ihe  eldert  son  of  LieuL-Oen. 
William  Alexander  Sorell,  of  the  Cold- 
Mream  Guards,  and  Colonel  of  the  48th 
Regiment.  He  entered  ihe  army  August 
IS,  1790.  and  proceeded  on  service  to 
the  West  Indie*,  in  1793,  and  in  that  and 


at  home. 


30.  At  Malta,  Harriet,  wife  of  Hear- 
Admiral  Christian. 

81.  In  Portman-square,  aged  66,  the 
Right  Hon.  Louisa  Harcourt,  Countess  of 
Beverley. 

— '  At  Bayswuter.  Margaret,  relict  of 
the  Right  Rev.  Joseph  Allen,  D.D.,  Lord 
Bishop  of  Ely. 

—  Lieut. -General  Sir  John  Maclean, 
K.C.B.,  K.T.3..  and  K.C,  Colonel  of 
the  27th  Foot  Sir  John  Maclean  was  a 
younger  son  of  a  Highland  family.  He 
entered  the  army  in  1794,  and  an  ihe  fol- 
lowing day  was  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy 
in  the  lOOlh  or  Gordon  Highlanders,  now 
Ihe  92nd  Regiment,  with  which  he  served 
al  Gibraltar  and  Corsica.  In  June  1797, 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain, 
and  served  (or  one  year  during  the  rebel- 
lion in  Ireland.  He  went  with  his  regiment 
to  Holland  in  1799,  and  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  the  27lh  August,  the  taking 
of  the  Helder,  and  the  actions  of  the  lOlh 
and  19lh  Sept.,  and  2nd  Oct.,  near  Alk- 

two  places.  In  May  IBOO,  he  joined  Sir 
Ralph  Abercrumby's  expediKon  to  Ihe 
Mediterranean ;  and  in  March  1801  he 
was  placed  on  the  Quart  ermaster's  *taff 
for  Ihe  eipedition  to  Egypt.  He  wia 
P   2 


212        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.- F£i. 
pKieDt  at  die  hiuHnK  it  Aboukir  Bij, 

8ih  March ;  at  tfae  battle  of  Alexandria,  FEBRUARY. 
Slit  March;  and  al  every  action  nhich 

look  place  in  ^rptduringlfaal  cBnipai|{D.  1.  At  Hurdifteld  HouMt,  HacdeaficM. 

Hit  Knrwn  nete  acknanledged  by  bis  aged  50,  Mary,  wife  of  Jofao  BrDcklehuia. 

receiving  tbe  order  of  the  Creaceat,  al-  efq.,  M.P. 

though  Iben  a  very  young  officer.    For  —  At  Naplea,  tbe  R^I  Hdo.  Beaii- 

aome  yean  he  wai  employed  on  the  itaff,  jeaiiloii   Haniet   ChaitoUe,  Couitlea  of 

and  HU  on  ibe  QuaMemaiter-Genenl'a  CharleTille.      Sh«  wai  third  duigbler  of 

■tiff  in  the  eipedilion  (o  Sweden  under  Lady  Charlotte  Bury,  by  her  Gnt  marriage 

Sir  John    Moore.      Id   Aue.   1806    he  vilh  the  lale  ColonelJohn  Cam|d>^  waa 

took  the  command  of  the   3rd  battalion  aiiler  of  Lady  Arthur  Lennoi  and  Hia. 

of  the  27lb  Kegiment  in  Ireland,    and  Langford  Brook,  and  couiio  ot  the  Duke 

embarked    with    it    for    the    PeninauU;  of  Argyll 

and,  although  a  young  battalion,  being  2.  At    Brighton,    Colonel    Gutfavui 

chiefly  compoaed  of  recniiti,  hia  unremit-  Rochfurt. 

tingattenlioDto  the  discipline  and  interior  —  At  Palermo,  William  Ardiibald 
arrangement!  looo  nude  hii  corps  not  Home,  youngeal  aon  of  the  lata  Sir  Eve- 
inferior  to  any  in  the  army.  He  wai  rwd  Home,  hart. 
f resent  M  the  liattle  of  Buiaco,  in  Sept.  3.  lo  Regenl.4lrect,  in  bU  62Dd  year, 
SlOi  in  the  action  near  Kedinha  on  liie  Major-General  Carlo  joaeph  Doyle.  He 
12th  March,  1811 1  at  the  liege  of  Oli-  entered  the  Coldttream  Guanb  aa  an 
vencain  April,  andat  the  lieKe  of  Badajoi  .  Enilgn  in  July  1803,  and  accompanied 
in  May,  where  he  wai  aeverely  wounded ;  the  expedition  under  Lord  Cathoart  lo 
in  the  action  near  Caniaal,  on  the  13th  Hanover  and  Bretnen.  In  1806  be  wa> 
July,  161%  when  hli  battalion,  with  the  appointed  a  Military  CommiMioner  lo  the 
40Ui  R^ment,  attacked  a  column  of  the  Guerillai  in  the  North  of  Spaio,  and  at- 
enemy  ikiuble  their  number,  and  put  it  to  lacfaed  to  Gen.  Leith'i  miaaion.  He 
flight  1  he  wai  also  preaeni  at  the  hatllei  lened  with  the  Manjuis  de  la  Romasa^ 
of  Salamanca,  Villoria,  the  Pyreneea,  army  ;  was  appointed  correaponding  officer 
and  near  Pampeluno,  on  the  26lh  July,  from  the  Spaiiiih  head.quarlen,  by  Sir 
1813.  where  he  was  again  wounded,  when  John  Moore  i  nas  cut  off  while  on  a 
covering  the  retreat  of  the  4lh  diviaiun,  reconnoiaaance,  hut  joined  the  British 
flrom  Roncesvallea,  in  the  Pyreneea.  army  during  the  action  at  Coninna. 
He  wHi  present  at  the  battles  of  the  Hating  returned  lo  England  in  1809,  he 
Nivelle,  Bayonne,  Orlhes,  aud  at  Tou-  joined  Ibe  87lh  regiment  in  Portiigal, 
louae,  on  the  tOlh  April,  1814,  where  he  where  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Astiilant- 
received  a  GAh  and  severe  wound;  be  Quarlermaater- General,  and  attached  to 
had  also  one  horse  killed  under  him,  and  Ibe  advance.  He  aasiited  in  the  affairs  of 
•DOtber  wounded,  at  this  battle.  On  the  the  10th  and  lilh  May,  Ihe  passage  of 
4lh  June,  IBI4,  he  received  the  breret  of  the  Douro,  takius  oF  Ofiorto,  the  bauleof 
Colonel;  in  181&  on  the  extension  of  Talavera,  iic.  Tn  1810  he  aerred  wilh 
tbe  Order  of  the  Balh.  he  was  appointed  Gen.  Fane's  cavalry  division  in  Beir»- 
■  Knight  Commander  i  and  he  subse-  baxa,  and  afterwards  in  ooTerina  the  re- 
quently  received  the  Order  of  the  Tower  treat  of  Gen.  Hill's  corps  lo  tbe  lines  tietr 
and  Sword  of  Portugal.  He  bad  also  Lisbou,  and  was  engaged  m  (be  caialry 
the  honour  of  wearing  a  cross  and  two  affair  al  Campo  Maior.  In  181 1,  be  was 
clasp*  fitf'  tbe  battlea  of  tbe  Peninsula,  engaged  on  the  4th  and  5th  Hay  at 
On  the  return  of  Napoleon  be  was  ordered  Fuentea  d'Onor,  and  accompanied  Lieut^ 
to  join  tbe  Duke  of  Wellinaton'a  army,  Oen.  Sir  Brent  Spencer's  eolumn  to 
and  remaiued  in  France  with  the  corps  Elvas.  In  January  1812,  he  was  pn>- 
until  Feb.  1816,  when  it  was  sent  home  moled  to  the  rank  of  Major,  and  ordered 
to  be  disembodied.  Sir  John  Maclean  toassumethe  commandDfthe4lhganisciD 
married,  Jan.  26,  1818,  Sarah,  only  child  baUiiioo  at  Guems^.  [n  1813  be  ns 
of  Benjamin  Price,  esq.,  of  Highgate,  co.  appointed  Military  Secretary  lo  the  Go- 
Middlesex,  and  had  laue  an  only  son,  vemor.General  and  Commander-in-Chief 
who  died  in  infancy.  in  India,  where,  in  1814  and  1815,  be 
serred  m  tbe  field  in  the  Western  Pro- 
'    i  1817  and  1618,  wUh  tbe 


grand  army  during   the   Piodaree  and 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  213 

DEATHS.— F^i. 

4.   At  the  hoon  of  her  uncle,  Resr'  tor  hia  conduct  when  in  the  actual  •enice 

Admiral  Beaufbrt.i(;ed48,Praoc«M>na.  of  Ibe  Shah  of  Perua. 

wife  of  Leatock  Peach  Wilion,  esq.,  and  —  At  Ediobui^h,  in   bi>  93rd  rear. 

daughter  of  the  Ute  Richard  LoTell  Edm-  Sir  Alexander  Charles  Maitland  Oihion, 

worth,  eao,,  of  Ed|;^worlhitowii,  Ireland  the  aecond  bart,  of  CliRoo  Hall,  in  tha 

6.  At  Tofti,  EMei,  in  hit  86lh  Tear,  count;  of  Edinburgh,  and  Kenie,  in  Stir- 
Major-General  William  Ooodda;  SiniU,  lingriiire(18ie).an  onlinan  Directorand 
Goremorof  Quebec.  Thlt  veteran  officer  Deputj- Governor  of  the  Bank  of  Scot* 
wai  uncle  (o  Lord  Rayleinh,  being  the  land,  He  vas  the  second  but  eideat  tui^ 
third  son  of  John  Slrutt.  e«q:,  of  Terling,  viving  ton  of  General  the  Hon.  Sir  Alex- 
Enex,  fonnerlv  M.P.  for  Maldan.  He  ander  Maitland,  bart.,  and  wai  a  Canlsin 
aerved  at  the  defence  of  St  Lucie.  In  in  hii  ftlher"!  regiment,  the  49th  Foot, 
1782  he  served  at  Ibe  liege  of  Gibraltar,  and  served  in  America  at  the  balllet  of 
Having  aucceeded  to  a  Lieut.- Col  one  Icj  BunkerV  Hill,  I7lh  June,  1775)  Long 
in  (he  54th,  he  proceeded  with  (he  armj  Island,  27lh  August,  1776;  and  Brandj- 
of  Lord  Moin  to  Plaoden,  where  he  wine,  11th  September,  1777;  bul  retired 
commanded  a  brigade,  and  on  the  allack  from  the  snn;  in  1786. 

of  the  French  arm;,  near  Tiel,  in  1794,  9.  A(  Huntinefield,  Suffolk,  In  his  90th 
bore  a  distinguished  part,  nobi;  main,  year,  the  Rev.  Henr;  Uhlhoff,  Reclor  of 
Uining  his  post,  and  sf^n  and  ^l*'"  '^  Huntingfield  with  Cooklej,  and  of  Aldfaom, 
pulsing  his  assailants,  till  he  received  in  the  same  count;. 
orders  to  evacuate  the  town,  which  he  —  At  Mitcham,  ^ed  68,  Mai;,  relict 
did  wilhoul  lots,  and  joined  the  arm;  at  -  of  Edward  Walmsley,  esq. 
Rbenen.  Colonel  S(rult  perfbrmed  good  10.  At  Avisford,  near  Arundel,  Lirut.- 
tervice  on  the  relreal  of  the  arniy  into  General  Sir  Thoma*  Revnell,  (he  6lh 
Wealphalia;  and  he  was  appointed  to  Ibe  bart  of  the  kingdom  of  Ireland,  1678, 
command  of  the  outpost  at  Northove,  K.C.B.  and  K.C.H.,  Colonel  uf  the  71st 
where  he  was  astailMl  b;  the  enem;  Regiment  Highland  Light  Inlanli;.  He 
five  times  his  number;  and,  being  de-  wasthe  (hinj  son  of  Tbomat  Rejnell,  esq., 
terled  b;  an  entire  foreign  regrmeDl,  (he  an  officer  in  the  army,  killed  a(  Sonlrwa 
outposts  were  driven  In,  but  were  soon  in  the  American  War,  He  served  in  the 
KHiccupied.  On  the  inlantr;  returning  campaien  in  EHanders,  and  in  the  retreat 
to  England,  Colonel  S(rott  and  the  54lh  from  Holland  to  the  Wear.  In  1796  he 
were  sent  (o  St.  Vincent's,  where  he  ob-  was  preseni,  with  bis  regiment,  at  the 
(ained  the  rank  of  Brigadier- General,  capture  of  Friesland,  and  neal  year  was 
Here  he  greatl;  annojed  the  enemv.  b;  promoled  to  a  company  in  the  2nd  West 
whom  part  of  the  island  was  occupied;  India  Regiment  which  he  joined  at 
and  in  Januar;  1796  he  ollacked,  with  Granada.  In  I79B  he  was  appointed 
his  regiments  force  of  1900  with  scarcely  Adjutanl^Genenl  to  the  forces  in  St 
300  men,  and  was  bimaelf  wounded  in  Domingo,  where  he  remained  until  it  was 
three  places,  being  afterwards  carried  evacuated  bj  the  British  troops.  In  1799 
twenlj  miles  before  amputation  of  his  be  served  with  the  40th  Regiment  in  North 
right  leg  could  be  performed.  On  his  Holland,  Minorca,  Malta,  and  Egypt  He 
return  to  England,  in  the  following  May,  aubtequently  served  ai  aid^ie-camp  to 
hp  was  received  with  much  favour  by  the  Sir  John  Cradock  and  lo  the  MaiT|uew 
Sovereign,  and  was  appointed  E>eputy.  Comwsllit,  in  India,  and  was  with  the 
Governor  of  Stirling  Castle.  Afterwards  latter  at  the  lime  of  his  dealh,  at  Ghaze- 
he  was  employed  upon  the  staff  in  Ire-  pore.  He  wa»  aftemarda  appointed  Mill- 
land;  and,  in  1900,  having  been  raised  lory  Secretarylothe  Commander-in-Chief 
lo  the  rank  of  Major-General  in  1798.  he  at  Madras,  and  Deputy  Quanermostcr- 
wat  appointed  Governor  of  Quebec^  After  General  to  the  king's  n-oopi  in  India,  with 
serving  his  countt;  thus  honourably,  he  the  rank  of  Lieut. Colonel  in  ihe  army, 
eventually  retired,  suffering  much  ft-om  With  Ihe  71)1  Regiment  he  lerved  in 
Ihe  eSecti  of  wounds  and  active  service,  Portugal,  and  was  present  at  the  action  of 
and  has  descended  to  the  grave  "Aill  of  Sobrate-  During  Hassena's  retreat,  ha 
age  and  honours."  ami  Anlstant  Adjutant- General  lo  Ihe  4tlt 

7.  At  Homestead,  Lvminglon,  aged  68,  division,  under  Sir  Lowry  Cole.  In  161 1 
Lieut-Col.  Joseph  D  Arcy,  late  of  the  he  accompanied  Lieut- General  Sir  John 
Royal  Art.,  K.L.S.  tn  18I8hereceived  Cradock,  as  Military  Secretary,  lo  Ihe 
permtnion  to  accept  (he  second  class  of  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  He  commanded 
Ihe  order  of  ibe  Lion  and  Son,  ccnfeired  Ibe  7lil  Regimenl,  and  was  wounded  at 


214        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS Pes. 

Waterloo;  he  ■Aerwardi niccecded to th«  piety,  the  mild  firmneu  and  regulated 

command  of  the  li|{!il  briKide,  conaiating  energy,  of  Biahop  Honlej,  on  the  death 

of  the  5Snd,  7lat,  End  2nii  battalion  ftjth,  of  Archbijhop  Kannen  Suttnn  be  tnt 

and  entered  Paris  with  it.     He  aucceeded  tnintlated   to  the  primacy,  iii   the  year 

aa  6tfa  baroneU  upon  the  deceaae  of  hii  I82S.     The  Duke  of  Wellington  mi  tfaec 

brother,   Sir  Kicbard   Littlelnn    Reynsll,  prime  minigler,  and  ibe  independence  of 

SepL4,lS20.  Sir  Thomaa— in  addition  to  pnliticai    coniideraliona    with   which   the 

the  Commanderahipof  the  Bath,  to  nhich  Archbishop  had  received  bis  proiDotinii 

he  was  raised  Dec.  26, 1 826,  for  bis  aervicei  waa  fiilly  proved  by  the  part  obich  be 

in  command  of  a  diviaion  at  the  sieve  of  ahortly  after  took  against  the  grand  me»- 

Bhuitpore,  aa  well  a>  honoured  vitb  the  aureof  that  admioialntion,  (he  conceaiiaB 

thankaofboIbHouteaorPu-liamenl—RBa  of  tbe  cliinii  of  the    Roman   CathoVci. 

deconfed«ilhlheinaigniaofaknij[htorth«  Vitiea  the  aecond  reading  of  Ibe  Relief 

Austrian  military  onler  of  Maria  Theresa,  Bill  of  1829  was  propoied  in  Ibe  Houk 

and  of  the  4th  class  of  the  Ruiaisn  order  of  Lords,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 

of  St.  George,  conferred  upon  bim  imme-  moied  the  amendment  that  il  should  be 

diatcly  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo,      He  read  a  second  time  that  da;  lii  montlH. 

also  wore  the  Turiiih  medal  lor  hia  aer-  Archbiahop  Howley  conmdercd,  in  1829, 

vices  in  the  Egyptian  campaign  of  1801.  and  again  in  )B31,  that  the  Church  and 

1831,  Lady  Eliiabelh  Pack,  daughter  of  and  he  atniggled  firat  against  emaitcipa- 
George,  lal  Manjueas  of  Walerford.  and  lion,  and  secondly  agaiiut  parliameniaiy 
widow  of  Major-Gen.  Sir  Denis  Pack,  reform.  Though  he  never  remained 
K.C.B.  silent  in  the  House  of  Peen  when  H 
11.  At  Lambeth  Palace,  within  one  realty  formed  any  part  of  his  daly  to 
day  of  completing  his  83rd  year,  the  Moat  make  known  his  senlimenla,  yet  he  waa 
Rev.  William  Howley,  D.  D.,  Lord  Arch-  neilherafrequentnoran  effective  speaker; 
bishop  of  Canterbury,  Primate  of  all  but  he  uniformly  brou|^t  to  bear  upon 
England,  and  Metropolitan,  a  Privy  every  debate  in  which  he  look  part  a  corn- 
Councillor  and  Lord  of  IVade  and  petent  acquaintance  with  the  subject  under 
Planlatians,  a  Commissioner  for  Building  discussion,  an  impartial  spirit,  and  a  flow 
Churches,  an  Official  Trustee  of  the  of  genuine  good  fcellng,  which  rarely 
British  Museum,  a  Governor  of  the  luled  to  make  an  impression  on  bis 
Charter  House,  and  Visitor  of  All  Souls',  auditory.  Neither  in  ihe  House  of  Lords 
Baliol,  and  Merton  Colleges,  Oiford,  and  nor  elsewhere,  however,  was  it  considered 
of  King's  (Allege,  Lon£)n,  F.R.S.  and  ibel  the  art  of  speech-making  could  b« 
F.S.A.  Dr.  Howley  was  bom  at  Riiplt'y,  reckoned  among  hii  aceom^ishments; 
near  Alresford.  in  Hampshire,  on  the  12th  yet  hia  sermoos  and  charges  often  sur- 
Pebniary,  1765,  and  was  the  only  son  of  prised  those  who  loo  hastily  judged  of  his 
the  Rev.  William  Howley,  D.D.,  Vicar  talentafrom  theeitemporeaddrcsseswhidi 
of  Biahop'a  Sutton  and  Ropier.  He  was  he  occasionally  delivered.  Residing  in  the 
educuted  at  Winchester  School,  [n  1763  vicinity  of  Ihe  Court  since  the  year  1813. 
he  proceeded  as  a  scholar  to  New  College,  a  man  of  hia  character  necessarily  aogurred 
Oxford,  where,  in  1785,  he  was  elected  considerable  influence  with  the  Royal  Fa- 
Fellow.  He  graduated  as  B.A.  in  1787,  mily.  That  ibev  should  have  ofteii  con- 
and  M.A.  in  1791.  In  1794  he  wu  suited  him,  ana  that  man;  memben  of 
elected  a  Fellow  of  Winchester  College ;  that  illuslrioui  house  who  have  quitted 
and  in  1804  he  wu  appointed  a  Canon  of  this  world  during  the  last  40  yean  should 
Christ  Church.  In  1805  he  proceeded  hare  touaht  trom  him  counsel  and  eon- 
to  the  degrees  of  B.  and  D.D.  In  1600  solalion  in  their  dying  moment*,  form 
he  was  appointed  Regius  Professor  of  incidenis  in  his  lile  well  known  to  the 
Divinity,  on  ihe  promotion  of  Dr.  Hall  public.  But  the  offices  which  he  ad- 
lo  Ihe  deanery  of  Christ  Church.  Dr.  ministered  to  the  sovereign,  and  ibe  im- 
Kowley  was  tutor  at  Oxford  to  Ihe  Prince  mediate  relativea  of  Ihe  monarch,  were 
of  Orange,  now  King  of  Holland,  and  to  not  confined  to  death-bed  scenes ;  he  as- 
tbe  present  Marques  of  Abercom.  In  alsted  at  all  those  marriages  of  the  roysl 
1813  he  was  nominated  Bishop  of  London,  hmily  which  followed  cloie  upon  the  death 
and  consecrated  at  Lambeth  Palace  on  the  of  the  Princess  Charlotte,  the  baptisms  of 
lOib  of  October.  Fifteen  years  of  sue-  tlie  several  issue  of  those  unions,  ibe 
ccsaful  admin  iairvtian  in  the  see  of  London  funend  of  George  III.,  and  Ihe  comna- 
kaiing  attested  at  once  the  prudence  and  Iton  aa  well  as  tin  funeral  of  George  [V., 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.  215 

DEATHS.— FBI. 

•  moMrch  into  vboM  good  opinion  be  elcrciM ;  but  tbe  remnuit  of  hU  llrengUi 

hod  ingntiiled  himtelf  ai  eucceraftillj'  u  seemed  to  hkve  quila  deputed,  and,  ■Iter 

into  llul  of  his  &lher.    But,  ibough  s  man  a  ibott  time,  be  unk  into  a  condilion  of 

ofremirkablj  mild  and  UDiMuming  man-  irrecovenble  debililj.      The   ramaint  of 

nure,   be  w«  by  no   meana  deficient  in  Ihe  late  Lord  Primalo  were  interred  on 

moral  courage,  nor  likely  to  be  deterred  the  i9th  of  February,  io  a  vault  of  tbe 

bj  courtien  from  dkcbarging  a  duty  due  peHtb  iJiurchof  AddlngtoD.nearCmydoa. 

to  bii   SoTereigin,  or  to  the  Church  of  12.   In  Ruuell-aquare,  Amelia,  wife  of 

which  that  Sovereign  ii  tbe  bead;   and  William  Tooke,  esq.,  F.R.S,  formerl]' 

Ibii  duty  he  ia  laid  to  have  performed,  M.P.  for  Truro. 

upon  lome  occoaioni,  with  Grmnea  and  14.    At  bia  renidence.    Angler,   Cmn- 

•uccess.     Tbe  late  Arcbbiabopwu  a  mg«t  brook,  Kent,  in  bii  65lh  year,  Ihe   Hon. 

excellent  Greek  and  Latin  scholar.     His  James  William   Kitig,   Rear-Admiral  of 

cbapUin,  tbe  late  Mr.  Hugh  Row,  used  to  tbe  Red,  uncle  to  tbe  Earl  of  Kingston, 

say  be  was  the  beat  scboiar  be  bad  ever  and  younjier  brother  lo   Lord  Viscount 

met  with ;  and  the  judgment  of  Mr.  Rom  Lorton.      He   was    Ihe    seventh    son   of 

on  such  poiota  as  these  is  not  lo  he  dis-  Robert,   second    Earl    of    Kingston,   bj 

Euled.  It  has  been  mentioned  that  Dr.  Caroline,  only  daughter  of  Richard  Fiti- 
lowley  was  tutor  In  Lord  Abereom.  It  Genld,  esq.,  of  Mount  Ophsly,  co,  KiU 
waa  at  Stanmore  Priory  that  the  late  Hon.  dare.  He  entered  Ibe  navy  in  1797,  and 
Mr.  Spencer  met  Dr.,  then  the  Rev.  Mr.  pasaed  the  earlier  pan  of  his  profesiional 
Uowl»,  a  man  whose  socieij  was  de-  life  in  active  service.  He  commanded 
lighlfiil  lo  him,  and  of  whose  abilities  be  the  Jaum,  32.  which  had  the  honour  of 
always  spoke  with  singular  admiration,  as  bearing  tbe  flag  of  his  Royal  Highness 
being  such  as  would  enable  him  to  eicel  the  Duke  of  Ckrence,  on  escorting  Louis 
in  anv  line  in  which  Ihey  had  been  di-  XVIIL  to  Prance  in  April  1814.  He 
rected  His  position  at  Slanmore  he  thus  subsequenlly  conveyed  the  Emperor  Alex- 
describes: — "When  Uowley  first  came  ander,  the  King  of  Prussia,  and  Ducbeaa 
ibere,  hit  shy  and  reserved  manner  prC'  of  Oldenburg  to  Calais,  on  their  relum 
Tented  his  extraordinary  merits  from  from  Englandi  conveyed  Her  Royal  High- 
being  fiilly  appreciated ;  but,  when  I  went  ness  ihe  Princess  of  Wale*  to  Cuxbaven  i 
there  soon  afler,  I  found  all  the  women  in  attended  the  Prince  Regentofi*  Brighton  ; 
love  with  him,  and  all  tbe  men  envious  of  and  was  otherwise  employed  in  the  Cban- 
him."  He  sometitnes  eipretsed  his  aur-  nel  and  on  the  Cork  station.  The  Ad* 
prise  that  Howley  through  life  had  re-  mini  married,  Nov.  28,  1815,  Caroline, 
nained  satisfied  with  enjoying  the  highest  second  dai^ter  of  the  most  Kev.  Euseby 
reputation  for  scholarship,  without  liaving  Cleaver,  Lord  Archbishop  of  Dublin, 
been  tempted  to  come  before  Ihe  public  14,  At  Bromley,  Henrietta  Emily, 
as  an  author;  and  he  Bald  that,  knowing  youngest  daughter  of  tbe  Right  Rev.  Dr. 
■s  be  did  bis  eilraordinaty  abilities,  and  O'Beime,  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Mealh. 
ibnt  wfaateret  he  undertook  be  did  exoeU  15.  At  Paris,  Hairiet,  widow  of  William 
lend;  well,  lie  could  only  account  for  this  Ogle  Wallace,  esq  ,  of  Cawtey  Park, 
by  auppaing  that  the  vary  coosdousneta  Nortbumbertaod. 

(^possessing  vast  powers  of  mind  diaposed  16.   At  Hastings,  in  her  B8th  year,  tbe 

him  to  judge  his  own  perfbrmances  with  widow  of  the  Rev.  William  Beloe,  B.  D., 

loo  much  severity  ever  to  feel  satisfied  Reclor  of  AUhallows,  London  Wall.  Pre- 

wilh  them.     Tbe  latter  years  of  the  de-  bendw^  of  Pancras  in  St.  Paul's  Calbe- 

ceasadprelale  were  not  much  diilingnished  dral  and  of  Lincoln, 

tromtbegenersltenor  of  bis  life.     Even  —  At   L>eamington,  aged  7S,   Mary, 

within  a  year  of  bia  decease  he  appeared  relict  of  Sacheverell  Chandos  Pole,  esq., 

in  public  almoat  as  frequently  as  uaual,  of  Radborne,  Derbyshire, 

ihougb,  of  course,  he  gradually  ceased  lo  17.    In    Brooke-Mreet,   Holbom,  aged 

preach,  and  lery  rarely,  during  tbe  last  71,  Mr.  John  Johnson,  printer,  author  of 

four  or  five  years,  addressed  tbe  House  of  the  "  Typognpbia,  or  the   Printer's  1d- 

Lords.    At  length  the  infirmities  attendant  strudor  ;   including  an   Account  of  tbe 

upon  extreme  old  age  became  every  day  Origin  of   Printing,   with    Biographical 

more  apparent ;    a  severe  altacit  of  Ihe  Notices  of  tin  Printers  of  England,  from 

prevailingepidemicshatlcredhisenfeebled  Caituo    to   the   close  of  the    Sixteenth 

constitution.  Hismsisdy,howeTer,yielded  Century." 

to  careful  and  able  medical  treatment,  and  19.   AI  SwairbBin  Hou^e,  Cambriiks- 

he  once  man  ventured  to  taka  caniage  sbire,  in  his  63rd  year,  Jubn  Peter  Alis, 


216        ANNUAL    REG  1ST  E  B,  184a 

DEATHS Fib. 

3,  B  deputr-Ueutaiult  mi  magtatnls,  be  wu  ■ppoinled  I7  the  But  of  Line* 

late  M.  P.  for  tbu  eouni;,  pocd,  than  Rreoiier,  »  Lord  of  the  Tm- 

ao.  At  njmouth,  aged  06,  Peragrlne  tutj,  tod  MbMquenll;  flited  other  oiGcM, 

Duiiel  Fellowet,  e«|.,  late  Mwor  com-  almn  ■cting  with  the  ConnrrativeFaitj. 

■Mndinr  tbe  iM  Vetenn  Bittalion.     He  Dunuft  ihe  bricJ  Conaemti**  adwuln- 

wu  B  iMuteouit  at,  and  luppoieil  to  be  tion  of  I8S4-35  be  filled  the  office  of 

the  laM  lurviTOT  of  the  nallaot  band  who  Chief    ConmiMi«Mr    of    Wooda    ud 

defended  Minorca  in  JTB2.  Poieatii  ud  oa   the   aecewioD  of  St 

21.  At  Hannneremkh,  ^ed  79,  Henrj  Robert  PMl  to  power,  in  1841,  he  m 

John  Hincbliffi),  ew).,  eideU  nn  of  tbe  appointed  ChanceUor  of  the  Dncfaj  of 

late  Biifaofi  Hincblifie.  Laocaater,  an  office  whiob  be  fiUed  Dp  u 

—  Albwreaidence  in  Montague-iquaTe.  tbe  aoeeerion  of  Ibe  preeent  OovcnimeBt 
ased  75,  Robert  Coate*,  e«q.,  fomtcflr  of  to  office.  On  Sir  Robert  Ped  prapoM 
AntiRU*,  who  aome  thlrtj  yttn  ago  wu  tbe  repeal  of  the  com  lawa,  in  1846.  Lon 
mil  liDowD  as  "  tbe  amateur  of  Uiloo,"  Orwnlle  diaenied  frotn  the  Right  Hw. 
and  a  great  tlar  ai  an  actor,  in  hi*  own  Baronet,  bat  nibaeqnently  adc^ited  jnt 
opinion,  and  gienerally  known  ai  "  Romeo  newi,  and  Toted  for  the  abolition  biU. 
Coalei,"  that  bnne  one  of  (he  fiTourile  Lord  Onnrille  married,  in  18&3,  the  Hod. 
parti  be  acted.  He  wa>  a  Wett  Indian  Bmitf  Smith,  tenth  daughter  of  tbe  hria, 
oj  birth,  and  wwat  one  timepouenedof  and  Htertolbe  pteMM,  l<ord  Cairingtai. 
eonriderable  pronertj.     Hii  drcM  and  hit  Bj  thii  Udj  be  W  hsue. 

equip^e  were  aliraji  eltraordinary,  both        —  In  Batoo-aauate,  in  ber  Sltf  ]var. 

In  hit  bey-day  in  London,  and  afterwardi  Augtuta  Anne,  wife  of  Sir  John  Pakiag- 

at  Boulojiiie.     Hit  carriage  wai  like  a  lon,  ban.,  M.P.,  daughter  of  tbe  Bidiop 

large  kettle-drum,  and  acroti  Ibe  bar  of  of  Roebetter  and  Lady  Sarah  Minfsy. 
bit  curride  wai  a  large  bnten  cock,  hit        —  AI  Deer  Park,  near  Honiioo.  Ca> 

mottu  being,  "Whilit  lll<re  I  crow."     It  therine   Stewarta,   dtugbter   of  Wiliian 

appeared,  upon  the  Coroner't  inquest,  that  Meade  Smythe,  etq.,  and  nieoe  to  te 

the  deceiaed  wat  knocked  down  and  run  Earl  of  Wicklow. 
oTer  by  a  cab,  on  bis  return  from  Drury-         —  At  Angleaea,  aged  73>  LieutcGeB. 

lane  Theatre,  which  wn  the  cauie  of  bit  ModUru  Burrowi. 
death  ;  and  ihe  jury  relumed  a  verdict  of        —  At  Waibington,  m  hit  8^d  ^ear, 

"  Mantlaughter  againat  aome  penon  or  John  Quincj  Aduni,  (bimerly  PnaideiA 

penoni  unknown."  of  the  United  Scalei  of  Amerio.    Vr. 

OS.   Ii]BucklBiid.court,aged77,  Judith  Adami  wm  Ihe  ton  of  John  Adam^  <^ 

Ann,  widow  of  John  FoUexlen  Butard,  Bnt  Vice- Pretident  and  aecood  Pnaideot 

eaq.,  of   Killey,  many  yean   M.P.    for  of  the  United  Slalet,  one  who  wai  de- 

DeTon.  tcribed,  in  t)ie  wonit  of  JeSerion,  at  "  ibt 

—  AI  Gothft,  in  her  T7th  year,  her  colotaua  of  Congma,  the  pillar  of  upport 
Serene  Highnea  the  dowager  Ducheta  of  10  the  DeoliratiDn  of  Independence,  and 
Saxe  Goiha  and  Altenburg,  tin  ma-  ila  abieat  idiooale  and  defender. "  1^ 
lemal  giBodmolberof  hit  Rinal  Highneu  aon.  cradled  in  the  revolution,  at  nine 
Prince  Albert.  Her  Royal  Hi^ncM  wat  yean  of  age  heard  tbe  Declatatiao  of 
aiater  of  Ihe  late  Elector  of  Hetae,  and  IndepeiMlence  fiitt  tcad  from  tbe  Oii 
gTBuddilld  of  the  «i>tet  of  George  II.  State  Home  in  Bailon,aiid  imbibed  all 

2a    At   hie    reaidence,    Clargea-atreet,  itt  principlea.       In    PetmwTy    1778,  he 

aged  £6,  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Gnntille  embnrked   in  the  amall  frigate  Bottm, 

Cfaarlet  Henir  Somenet,  ■  Privy  Coun>  wilh  hit  father,  then  appointed  oommii- 

dllor,  and  M.P.  for  Monmoulhehirp,  next  aioner  to  France.     John  Q.  Adami  aia- 

brotherlo  the  Duke  of  Beaufort.     He  wat  braced  the  opponuniliei  of  a  good  eduea- 

bom  on  tbe  2T(h  December,  1791  the  lion  preaented  by  hit  &Xber>  reaidenoe  ia 

tecond  ton  of  Heniy  Cbarlet,  6lh  Duke  Kurope.     He  went  to    St.    Petenbuif. 

of  Beaufort,  K.Gi,  by  Lady  Charlolte  when  only  U  yean  of  age,  ai  private 

Sophia  Leveton  Gower,  Ah  daughter  of  aecretary  to  tbe  ihen  American  nuniitaf 

Oranville,  flnt  MaTf|uet8  of  Stafford.     In  there,  and,  after  remaining  idnvad  aomt 

1818.  on  the  intercit  of  his  father,  he  was  yean,  he  returned  home,  entered  Harrwd 

retunied  for  the  county  of  Monmouth,  Untienity,  and  gndUated  with  boOMi 

which  be  continued  lo  repreaent  up  to  his  in  1787,  after  which  be  became  a  la* 

death.     Almoat  from  tlie  moment  of  hit  itudent  with  tbe  ditltoguithed  Tbeophilm 

Bnt  entry  into  Parliimeni,  Lord  Oranvilla  Panont,  of  Newburypoit,  afteilnrdi  chief 

wat  an  active  politician.    In  March  1819|  jmtioa  of  MattacbuieUi.     Having  com- 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  217 

DEATHS.— Feb. 

menced  Ihe  pncticeoftbe  U»iD  BiMton,  fleilble.     To  a  peraon   rapreMntins  to 

he  wrote  leTenl  pspen  in  the  BomIo*  bim  that  promiDent  officen  of  the  federal 

CMnu'i  under  the  •ignalure  of  "  Pub-  sovemmenl  (rere  uung  the  'iDSuence  of 

lio^a,"  viodictting  the  coune  of  Wub-  Uieir  itMioiu  agaitut  him.  he  repliedi  '^  I 

ington  and  the  proclvnalion  of  nflutralitj.  only  wk.  Are  the;  bithful  oOicen?     If 

In  17M  he  wu  eppalnted  bj  Wuhington  tbOT  do  tbeir  dut;  to  their  oountrr,  end 

miniMeTofthe  UnitedSlatetalthe  Hague,  fulfil  the  obligations  of  their  office,  I  >eek 

■nd  in  1796  he  vent  in  the  tame  capecitj  to  inquire  no  Airther — and,  if  I  caiaiot 

to  Berlin.      In  1801,  at  the  defeat  of  hii  canducf  ny  admnutratioa  on  Atte  priit- 

(UitBT  and  the  acceaaion  of  Mr.  JefGinoa  cntla,  lam  totUail  logo bacll  to  Qnacy." 

10  the  preaidency,  he  reaigned  his  office  as  Me  dui  go  back  to   Quincj,  and  with  a 

miniater  in  Pruatia,  though  uned  bj  Hr,  conscience  loid  of   ofTenoe  —  with   pa- 

JeB^non  to  retain  hia  poM.     But  a  aensi-  triotiBn]  unaullied  bj  corruption — and  (he 

tire  delicacy  would   not  aufler  it.     He  people  have  since  had  portumu  tor  their 

again  returned  to  Boston,  and  reaumed  Preaideola.     After  again  returning  to  pri- 

hii  profcaaion.     He  waa  aoon.  however,  vate  life,  he  naa  elected  for  eight  or  nine 

elected  lo  the  aenale  of  Maiaachusetts.  successive  terms  as  repreaentative  In  Con- 

and  in   1800  became  Boyiaton  profenor  gtets  for  his  district,  taking  hia  seat  in 

of  rhetoric  and  oratorf  >n  the   HaTTard  1831,  only  ttio  yeara  after  he   left  the 

Univeiaity  at  Camliriii^  where  he  nai  preudential    chair.      But    for    hia    inde- 

very  popular.     He  alio,  for  five  yeala,  pendence  and  want  of  aubaerviency,  the 

repreaenled  Maatachuaetts  in  the  United  Senate  of  the  United  Statea  vrould  haie 

Statea'  Senate,  giving  a  consdentiaui  sup-  been  again  honoured  by  hia  preeence,  and 


Jefferson,  although  the  HiccessfVil  oppo-  enrolled  his  nanu  on   the   lial  of   her 

neni  of  hia  father.    The  legiilaiure  of  hi*  Oovemora.    "Mr.   Adam*  sinks  behind 

State  having  Utought  fit  to  pas*  resolution*  the  horitoa  of  Ufb  with  all  eve*  turned 

implying  a  diiappiobation  of  hia  course,  towarda  hia  aetting.     What  a  eJoriou*  t«. 

itiUi  tbe  aaow  iMdnctive  delicacy  with  putation    doea    be   leave    behind    him  I 

which  be  had  reaigned   hi*  miuion  to  Among  all  the  men  in  Washington,  af 

Berlin,  ha  relinquiabed  hia  seat  in  the  whatever  etude  of  opinion,  not  one  i*  to 

United   Sotea'  Senate.     In   1800,  bow-  befound  who  will  refuse  to  accord  to  him 

ever,  he  wa*  summoned    by   Pteaident  entire  purity  of  character  end  perfect  In- 

Madiaoo  lo  repretent  Ihe  nation  at  the  tegrilv  of  purpose.     He  i*  univenall^  be- 

Cmitl  of  St.   Petenburg.  nhere  be  ob-  lieved  to  have  performed  every  public  act 

tuned  tbe  utmost  diatinclion  and  influence,  of  hia  long  life  nilh  ■  conscientious  regard 

from  which  reiulled  the  ialervenlion  of  to  hi*  conviction*  of  duty,  unawerved  by 

Russia  and  the  commiwon  to  Ghent,  of  public  clamour  and  unawayed   bj  party 

irtiir^  he  waa  the  bead,  and  which  ler-  laal.      Hia  private  life  ia  fi-ee  from  every 

cninatedin  tbe  treaty  of  peace  with  Great  taint  ofsuipicion.     No  eiceasei  of  youth, 

Britain.     Alter  the  peace,  be  was  ap-  no  vices  of  manhood,  no  fniltlea  of  age, 

Slinted  ambanador  to  the  Court  of  oL  are  even  Imputed  to  him.     He  haa  pas^d 

anea'a  i   and  from  tbe  dutiea  of   Ibia  every  ordeal,  and  come*  out  si  ibe  last 

mission  he  waa  recalled  lo  act  aa  aecretarj  unauapected  of  any  act  mconeiatent  with 

of  stale,  which  office  he  held  during  the  the  chaiacter  of  an  honeal  and  conaeien- 

wbole    adminittratJoQ    of    Mr.    Munroe.  tious  man.      And  not  onl;  ia  Mr.  Adanu 

Whilst  in   Russia,  be  wa*  appohiled  a  regarded  a*  one  of  the  purest,  but  as  Ihe 

'udgeof  the  Supreme  Courtofloe  United  most  learned  and  the  ablest,  of  modem 

Stales,  but  he  declined  the  pott.  staleamen.     He  is  conaide'red  aa  great  aa 

In  1825  the  House  of  [tcpresenlallvei  be  i>  pure."   Hia  habita  were  pure,  limple, 

of  the  United  Sbtet,  on  Ibe  failure  of  an  and  unostentatious,  even  lo  awkwardness. 

election  by  the  people,  choae  Mr.  Adams  He  always  arose  before  daj,  and,  when  in 

President  of  the  Unilnl  Slate*.     Hia  ad-  health,  made  hi*  own  fire.    He  used  great 

mioiatralioo  of  tbe  Preaidency  is  agreed  exeicise,    and   was   peculiarly    fond   of 

t»  have  been  a  perfbct  illialration  <rf  the  belliing  and  swimmiog.     No   one  ever 

principles  of  tha  oonstiiution,  and  of  a  le-  waa  more  industrioua,  or  sacrificed  lea* 

pubUc  purely  and  Mthfidly  governed.     If  of  hia  lime.     His  knowledge  was  moat 

Hr.  Adam*  had  been  lens  a  paliiot  and  comprehensive,  hia  memory  lenacioua,  hia 

more  a  partiaan,  be  would  have  been  re-  elocution  forcible  and  Gniabed ;  and,  under 

eleded  for  a  aeoond  term ;  but  on  that  a  cold  eilerior,  hia  nature  was  >o  earnest 

acoTB  be  waa  uoeompromising  and  ia-  as  to  lend  Ihe  greatest  animation  to  hi* 


218        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.— FBfc 

reuoning,  and,  at  timea,  ■ImoM  Gerceitat  Jenjn*,  M.A^  Canon  of  Ely,  and  *ie«r  of 

to  hu  invective.     Mr.  Adam  married,  in  Swaffbsm  Prior;  a  roagiilrale  of  Cud- 

Enfflaod.  in  1797,  the  daughter  of  Colonel  bridgeahire  and  the  Ule  of  Ely,  and  for 

JoaEiu  Jobnaon,  then  coiuul  al  London,  manjyean  ChairmanofthcBedibrdLerel 

and  lUe  niece  of  Governor  Johnaon,  of  Corporation. 

Marjland,  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court        26.  In   Donel^quare,   Lieut.- General 

of  the  Uoiled  Sutet,  and  a  signer  of  Uh  William  Dougiat  Cleilind,  of  the   Hon. 

Declaration  of  Independence.    Theeldeit  E.  India  Compan)''*  Bombay  Service. 
■on   of   Mr.   Adami    predeceaaed    him,         —  At  Cambenrell,  afted  83,  William 

)eaviDgchildren;hia;tHiiigeat>on,Cbariei,  Leei,  eaq.,  late  of  the  Ordoance  Offies, 

I*  living.  Tower. 

24.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  75,   Mai7,        ~  At  Batednund  Home,  Penhshirc. 

wife  of  Lieut.- GeDeral  Edwanl  Vaughui  aged  24,  Lennox  Bolton,  aecood  aoo  of 

Woraley,  R.A.,  and  Bluer  of  the  Rigbt  the  late  Bolton  Peel,  esq. 
Hon.  Sir  George  Arthur,  ban.  —  At  the  hwue  of  hii  aon-hi4aw  WO. 

—  At  Bombay,  Samuel  Hood  Ingle-  liam  Page  Wood,  esq.,  in  Great  George- 
field,  eaq.,  C.B.,  Rear-Admiral  of  the  itreet.  Weatminater,  aged  77,  Edward 
White,  Commander-in-cbief  at  that  Mb  Moor,  eiq.,  of  Great  Be^inga,  Suft4k,  a 
tion.  He  lerved  ai  iburtb  lieutenant  of  deput^-lieulenanl  and  nugutiBte  of  that 
the  TiataM,  74,  at  the  defence  of  St.  countV,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,aiid  P.R.Aa.S., 
Jean  d'Acre,  in  1799,  and  wai  in  con-  and  fonneriy  a  Major  in  the  aervice  of 
•equence  preaented  with  a  gold  medal  hj  the  Hon.  Eait  India  Company.  Major 
order  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  He  wa>  Moor  went  ai  a  cadet  to  India  in  178% 
made  Commander  Jan.  7,  1802.  Whilit  and,  on  the  breaking  oul  of  war,  in  1790, 
comoanding  the  Hunla  aloop  of  war,  lerved  with  the  MahrWta  army  at  the  acga 
Captain  Inglefield  cafitured  a  French  of  Darwai,  and  waa  In  the  ftorming  parly 
armed  achooner  and  five  privateera,  three  on  the  ataault  of  the  fort,  Feb.  7,  1791. 
of  nhicbwera  ^laniih.  In  ibe  .BaocAoKte  Again,  in  an  aaaaull  of  the  hill  fort 
he  aaaiiled  al  *the  caMure  of  another  pri-  Doridioog,  near  Bangalore,  on  the  13lh 
vateer,  intercepted  a  Spaniih  armed  veaael,  of  June  following,  he  ccmimanded  the 
•nd  took  Lt  Onffim  Freodi  national  leading  company,  and  waa  abot  ihrouith 
brig,  of  16  guna  and  105  men,  after  an  the  right  ahoulder.  On  recovering,  be 
aclion  of  thirty  minutes,  near  Cape  Art-  rejoiu«i  hii  corpi,  and  was  present  at  (be 
tonio,  in  the  ialand  of  Cuba.  Having  alege,  and  wa*  with  ihe  alorming  party,  at 
oblaioed  poal  rank,  Oct.  6,  1807,  be  the  capture  of  Hooly  Honore,  Dec  21, 
joined,  in  the  Dadaha,  the  tquadron  1791,  and  on  the  29lh  led  Ihe  two  dank 
under  Captain  Charle*  DaahwocHl,  em-  companiea  of  the  9th  battalion  at  the  battle 
ployod  in  the  capture  of  Samana,  and  -'■'*-" ->---   ^     .  .-■     .  , 


of  two   Frendi  privaleera  lying  in  that     in    hia    right   knee,  and  a  rnuaket-ball 
'    '  "       11,1808.     Hia  next  ap-     through  hia  lelt  elbow.     IV  reault  of  thia 

,   Oct.  28,   1811,   to  the     aflWirwaa  ihe  total  rout  and  diaperaion  c€ 


MiJta,  80.  in  which  ship,  bearing  the  dag  the  enemy's  army  of  10^000  foot  and  1000 
of  his  brolher-in-law,  Rear-Admiral  Hallo-  horse,  though  the  Britiah  engaged  wen 
well,  he  was  employed  on  the  Mediler-  under  1000.  Lieut.  Moor  received  ibe 
ranean  itation  during  the  remainder  of  thanks  of  the  General  fat  bii  heroic  oon- 
the  war.  He  subaequenily  commanded  duct  in  thia  engasemenL  On  account  of 
the  Oanfia,  84,  flag-ahip  of  Sir  Robert  the  aeverity  of  toe  wound  in  hia  elbow, 
Waller  Otwajr.  K.C.B.,  on  Ihe  South  which  wholly  deatroyed  the  joint,  Lieu- 
American  station.  He  waa  promoted  to  tenant  Moor  waa  compelled  to  quit  Ibe 
the  rank  of  Rear-Admiral,  NoT.23t  1841.  army,  and  eventually  India,  for  the  re- 
Rear-Adioii«l  InsteGeld  married,  Oct.  21,  eatablishment  of  hia  health.  Lieul.  Moor 
161G,  ibe  eldeal  Saa^iMn  of  Vice-Admirat  became  the  biiloriao  of  the  campaign  in 
William  Albany  Otwaj.  He  waa  nomu  a  "  Narmtive  of  the  operationiof  Captaio 
naled  a  Companion  of  the  Bath,  April  18,  Lillle'a  detachment,  and  of  the  Mabralla 
1839,  and  enjoyed,  when  Captain,  a  good-  army,  commanded  by  Purteram  Bhow, 
terrice  penaion  of  X50L  a^^inH  Tippoo  Sulttun,  1794,"     Aftera 

25.    At     Weymouth,     Sophia,    eldeat  nsil  Ut  England  he  again  embarked  fbr 

daughter  of  Sir  W.  L.  George  Thomaa,  India  in  April  1 796,  xilh  the  brevet  Tank 

bait.  of  Captain,  and  Reemployed  in  importaol 

—  AlBoUisham  Hall,  Cambridgeshire,  aervices.      In  July  1799,  Captain  Moor 

in  hia  85tb  year,  tbe  Rev.  George  Leonard  wu  appmnled  to  an  offioe,  then  GrM  cat*. 


APPENDIX   TO 

DEATHS- 
bliabed,  under  the  desiKnalion  of  Garmm 
Storekeeper.  afterwBrai  oiled  ConnnU- 
ni7  GenenL  "niii  he  held  uolll  February 
180A,  the  dile  of  hi>  final  departure  from 
lodia.  [nlSOO.BtlherequCBtofGoceniDT 
XhjncaDi  CapL  Moor  roade  a  compilatLon 
or  digest  of  the  Militaiy  Orders  and  Re- 
gulalioiu  of  the  Bombs;  Aimj,  which  vaa 

Erinted  al  the  eipeiue  of  Ihe  government. 
[avLDg  obtained  leave  to  vacate  hit  office, 
be  returtied  to  England  on  fiirlough.  He 
•aa  aooD  after  promoted  to  a  majoritj ; 
and  findins,  before  the  ei|nnlion  of  hia 
fiirlough,  Uat  the  atale  of  hii  bealtb  did 
not  warraiit  hia  reluni  to  India,  be  applied 
to  the  Court  of  Directora  to  retire  on  fiill 
pay.  Thii,  notwithalanding  hii  long  lef' 
vice*,  the  regulatioiia  of  the  Company  did 
not  allow,  ■>  be  had  not  actuallv  served 
the  prescribed  term  of  two-snd-liventj 
yean  on  the  territory  of  India.  He  itai, 
however,  in  addition  to  hia  half-pay,  pre. 
•enled  with  a  penaioD,  not  large  in  nmount, 
but  acceptable  from  the  flattering  mode  in 
•faich  it  waa  conferred.  Major  Moor  pub- 
liibed,  in  1810,  "  The  Hindu  Pantheon," 
royal  4to.;  in  181 1.  a  volume  on  Hindu 
Inhntidde,  4to. ;  and  oilier  worki.  He 
waa  likewise  a  contributor  lo  Reea'a  Cy- 
clopedia, on  Indian  Mythology. 

!i8>  Al  Singleton,  near  Stvansea,  Mrs. 
Huuey  Vivian,  wib  of  John  Husaey 
Vivian,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  J.  H.  Vivian, 
esq.,  H.P.  for  Swaniea. 

—  At  Dundee,  William  Thorn,  the 
Inveiury  poet. 

39.  At  Bath,  Mrs.  Jane  Eliiabelb 
Oough,  of  Llandwo  Priory,  Monmouth- 
ibire.  nidow  of  John  Gougb,  esq,,  of 
Perry  Hall.  Staffordshire. 

—  At  Cburcb  Pulverbatch,  co.  Salop, 
ued  91,  ibe  Rev.  William  Gilpin,  M.  A., 
Sector  of  that  parish.  Mr.  Gilpin  wai  a 
linetl  desceiulant  of  that  pious  Reformer, 
the  celebrated  Bernard  Gilpin,  commonly 
called  "The  Nonbem  Apcatle." 


CHROMICLE.  219 

— Mahch. 

Britiab  anny  was  retiring  (o  late  up  its 
poution  Bl  Waterloo,  the  command  of  hia 
regiment  devolved  upon  him  ;  and  in  this 
combat  he  had  do  lest  than  five  boraat 
shot  under  him.  Colonel  Cheney  nai- 
ried.July  6,  18U.  Eliia,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  Richard  Ayre,  etq.,  of  Gaddesbj, 
Leicestershire,  and  had  issue  a  ion  and  a 
daughter. 

4.  At  Lewisham,  Colonel  Peter  Duma*, 
L!eul.-Govemor  of  Gravesend  and  Til- 
bury Fort.  He  served  Eniign  in  Ihe  90lb 
regiment  during  the  diiturbances  of  1796 
In  Ireland;  in  1799  at  Messina,  under 
Lieul.-Gen.  Sir  C.  Stuart  j  al  the  aiege 
of  Malta,  under  Biig.-Gen.  Graham,  and 
La  Valetla.  In  1801,  he  wai  lieutenant 
of  Ihe  20lh  regiment  in  Egypt,  and 
served  at  the  affair  of  Ihe  Green  Hills, 
and  afterwards  on  the  west  aide  of  Alei> 
andria.  A  regiment  of  Siciliani  being 
raised  at  Malta,  he  waa  appointed  Cap- 
tain, and  embarked  shortly  after  witb  hia 
company  tor  Calabria,  under  Sir  John 
Stuart,  and  wai  at  Ihe  battle  of  Maida. 
He  again  aerved  in  Egypt  in  1806,  under  ' 
Iheordeis  of  Major- Gen.  M'Keniie  Fraaer. 
Hia  subsequent  services  were  in  Canada, 
Madeira,  and  Ihe  Weil  Indies.  He  waa 
appointed  Lieut. -Governor  of  Graveaend 
and  Tilbury  Fort,  July  23,  1892. 

—  At  Breadull  E>rioT7,  aged  i6.  Maris 
Mary,  wife  of  Joseph  Webaler,  esq.,  of 
Penni,  Warwickihira,  and  eldeM  daughter 
of  Ihe  late  Sir  Peter  Payne,  hart,  of 
Blunbam  Hnuie,  Bedfordihire. 


a  In  Conduit-itreel,  Major-Gen.  John- 
lion  Napier,  of  the  Hon.  £.  I.  Co.'i 
Madras  Service. 


mtdy  of  Ibe  Scotch  Greys.  Colonel 
Cheney  served  with  Ihe  2nd  Dragoon*  in 
Planderi,  Holland,  and  other  panj  of  the 
Continent,  to  the  end  of  the  war  m  1815. 
Towards  ihe  dose  of  the  day  of  the  17th 
of  June,  ia  the  cavatiy  action,  when  ibe 


inteas  Glenlworth,  Charily,  relict  of 
William  Beaumaii,  esq.,  of  Dublin,  and 
previoualy  of  Tennison  Edvrarda,  esq.,  of 
Old  Court,  CO.  Wicklow,  and  daughter  of 
John  Barrington,  esq. 

7.  At  hia  midence,  Longford-terrace, 
Dublin,  aged  63,  the  Hon.  John  Masay, 
Lieut. -CoTonei  on  half-pay ;  uncleto  Lord 
Maasy.  He  entered  the  army  in  1814, 
and  in  the  following  year  look  part  in  the 
Waterloo  campaign. 

8.  At  Lambeth  Palace,  age  14  months. 


Geowe  Gordon  Howley,  youngeat  son 
of  William  Kingamil],  e>q.,  of  Svdmon- 
ton.   Hants,  and   grandson  of   ibe   late 


Twickenham,  aged  76,  Ihe  Right 
MOD.  Isabella  Caroline,  dowager  Lady 
Cawdor,  eldest  daughter  of  Frederick,  5th 
Earl  of  Carlisle,  by  Ladv  Margaret  Ca- 
roline Leveson  Gower,Qnd  daughter  oftbe 
1st  Marqueu  of  Stafford. 
9.  At  Liverpool,  aged  71,  Hajor-Gen. 


220        ANNUAL    RE  GI  S  T  E  R,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Makcb. 

Thomu  ThombuiT  Woolridge,  K.H.,  l*le  and  orguitsing  ■  mutt  efficient  plio  (tr 

of  the  Royal  Fuiifeen.  recruiting  the  irnij,— ■  plan  adopted  bj 

10.  At  Homingshsm,  Wilts,  »fci  73,  the  government,  and  acted  upon  i^itb  ei- 

(he   Ret.  Pnncii   Stumy,  B,  D.,  Perpe.  leiisiie  and   important  te»ul(s.      Ue  wai 

lual  Curate  of  ihal  place,  Rector  of  Will'  lubaequently  engaged,  during  tbe  aiduoui 

terbournMJum-Sleepleton,  Dorael,  and  of  war  in  the  Deccan,  in  collecting  and  for- 

Lulliogton,    Someract.      la    1806    Mr.  warding  nippltei  for  the  arm;  under  the 

Skumv  publlibed  h»  "  Bidcombe  Hill,  command  ot  Sir  Arthur  WelloleT,  and 

and  other  Rural  Poenui"   a  Toluine  of  recelTed  bd  eipretunu  of  the  hif^  atis- 

miacellaneoui  Poetry,  called  '■  The  Sliep-  factiOD  of  thai  illustrioui  commander.  He 

berd'i   Garland;"  ■   metrical  TereioD  of  wat  created  a   Baronet  of  the    United 

the  Book  of  Pwlms.  1627  ;  and  in  1845  Kingdom,  Aug.  2&  1821.     In  1829  he 

"  SonneM  compoied  on  varioua  aubjecti  waa  elected  a  Director  of  tlie  Bait  India 

and  occMions."  Company. 

^  At  Cheltenham,  ased  17,  Thomu  —  In  Harrington-tauare,  HampsteaJ- 
Smyth  Union,  esq.,  nephew  and  beir  to  road,  William  Mudford,  etq.  Mr.  Mud- 
Sir  John  Smyth,  bait.,  of  Aihton  Court.  ford  wu  bom  Jan.  8,  1782,  in  f-ondou. 

—  At  Cheltenham,  Ladj  Coghill,  vtife  In  1800  he  acted  aa  aiaiftsnt  aecretary  to 
Of  Rear-Adm.  Sir  Joaiah  Ct^hitl  Cog-  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Kent,  and  in  1803 
hill,  bart,  and  eldeat  daughter  of  the  late  he  accompanied  hia  Royal  Higfanca  to 
Right  Hod.  Chirlea  Kendal  Buahe,  Chief  Gibraltar.  On  hit  return  in  the  fblloirmg 
JuMice  of  Ireland.  rear  he  entered  upon  hia  career  of  literary 

—  At  Brighton,  aged  84,  the  Right  labour,  and  produced  many  volume*  ot 
Hon.  Lord  George  Seymour,  g^ea^uncle  memoirs  tranalatiDni,  and  norela.  He  wai 
to  the  MarquenoF  HenGinl.  Hit  Lord-  appointed  editor  of  the  Conner,  ndiieh 
abip  waa  bom  on  the  21>l  of  July,  1768,  he  conducted  with  conaummale  ability 
thewventhionand  thirteenth  andyoungcat  during  a  raoat  trying  period  of  our  hit- 
child  of  Francit,  firat  Marqueas  of  Hert-  tory.  For  the  la><  fifteen  yeara  he  con- 
ftird,   K.G.,  by  Lady  Uabella  Fiti  Roy,  ducted   Tfit  Kentiik   Obtmar  and  the 

Siungeit  dauahler  of  Charle«,  tecond  Canttrbyry  Journal,  and  Utterly  wai  ibe 
uke  of  Grannn,  K.O.  Thu)  he  wu  editor  of  the  ./bAii  SuH,  which  he  coo- 
only  fourth  in  deacent  from  King  Charlea  ducted  with  diitinguithed  ability  and  auo- 
the   Second,    hii    malemal    grandJUher  ceia. 

having  been  that  monarcb't  graodton.   In         12.    At   Chnter,    aged    65.    Rdwaid 

early  life  lie   terred  in  the  army,   and  Hogg,  esq.,  M.D.,  author  of  a  "  Viiit  to 

wa<  member  for  the  &mily  horoufjh  of  Aleiandria,   Damatcua,  and   Jerusalem, 

Oribrd,   in   the    parliament  of  l7fM-90,  during  the  auccessfiil  campaign  of  Ibrv 

and  in  1706  he  waa  relumed  for  Tolnen.  him  Paaha."  IPSS. 
In  1801  he  waa  appointed  one  of  the  Com-         14.   At  Temple  Sowetby,  Lieut -Od. 

miationcra  of  Exdae,  and  waa  chairman  John  Procter,  late  of  the  90lh  Regiment. 

of  that  board  for  many  yeara.     He  wai  He  served  in  the  expedition  to  Copen- 

alao  Deputy  Cruier  and  Wharfinger  on  hagen   in   IS07.  and  also  in  America,  in 

the    Irith   eilablithmenL      Lord    George  the   Peninsula  during  the  Corunna  cam- 

S^mour  married,   July  20,    17M,    laa-  poign.  and  alto  from  1812  lo  1814. 
befla.   ninih  daughfer  of  ihe   Hon.  and         16.  At  Barkham,  Berka,  Bged70,  Hen7 

Rev.  Georve  Hamilton,  uncle  to  the  firat  Clive,    eaq.,    barriiler-at-Mw,    formerly 

Marquesa  of  Hertford,  and  haa  left  iante.  M.  P.  lor  Ludlow  and  Montgomery.   Mr. 

—  In  We9lboume.cre>cent,  aged  74,  Clive  was  the  third  son  of  deoriie  Clive, 
Lieut. -Colonel  Sir  WiJIiam  Young,  of  esq.,  of  Ariington-itreet,  I^ccadilly,  and 
Bailieborough  Castle,  co.  Cavan,  bart  brother  tn  the  late  Kdward  Bolton  Clive, 
He  entered  the  lervice  of  the  Hon.  East  eiq..  M.P.  fur  Hereford.  He  wu  called 
India  Company  at  a  Cadet  on  the  Bom-  lo  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  Feb.  1, 180Z. 
bay  otaibliahment,  and  retired  with  the  In  1807  Mr.  Clive  entered  Pariiament 
rank  of  Lieut. -Col  one  I,  Jan.  5,  1813.  In  as  Member  lor  Ludlow,  and  he  continued 
tbe  early  part  of  hit  mililory  career,  be  to  repreient  thai  borough  until  1818, 
lerved  witli  Ibe  army  before  Seringapa-  when  he  became  Member  liir  Monlgi»- 
tam,  in  the  reduction  of  the  Dutch  aetue-  mery,  'which  latter  teat  he  occupied  uad 
ments  in  Malabar,  at  the  capture  of  Co-  the  passing  of  tbe  Reform  BiU.  In  tba 
lumbo,  and  alto  throughout  the  course  of  spring  of  1818,  at  the  period  of  the  IB- 
Ihe  CingaleM  war.  In  a  later  period  of  aignalion  and  death  of  Mr.  Hiley  Ad- 
hia  aervice,  he  had  tbe  merit  of  auggeatlng  diogtmi,  Mr.  Clive  accepted  the  office  of 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  221 

DEATHS.— H^icu. 

Tinder- Secretory  of  SUte  tot  ihe  Hoom  inheriied  thu  dignilj.     In  IS .  .  be  wm 

Deputaient,<rhich  be  filled  until  the  jear  appointed  Lord   Lieiitenuil  of  GUmor' 

1822.  when  be  gave  up  the  ■ppointment  guuhire,  and  in  1843  be  naa  oominaled 

Id  contequeoce  of  Ihe  reiittnahon  of  Lord  a   Knight  of  tbe   Thirtte.     From   April 

Stdmouttu     In  1839  be  conteMed  Lud-  1842,  until  the  retirement  of  Sir  Robert 

low  aitaiuM  Mr.  Alcock,  but  wu  ietetXed  Peel  from  tbe  head  of  tbe  Oovernment, 

by  a  nnall  majorily  of  rotea.     After  that  tbe  Harquea  of  Bute  ms  aanoally  ^>> 

period  be  retired  into  private  life,  but  con-  pointed  to  uBidate  u  Lord  High  Com- 

liiuwd  to  attend  dihgently  to  all  county  mivioner  of  tbe  Cburcfa  of  Sootluid.  Tbe 

biisineaa.  MarqueHmarried,firat,Lad7  Maria  North, 

IS.  At  CardiBT  Caitle,  Olamornnihire,  eldeit  daughter  and  coheir  of  Oeorn 

in  hia  55th  ;eu,  tbe  Mud  Noble  John  Aunutut,  third  Earl  of  Guildford,  who 

Crichton  eiuart,>ecoDdMaiiqueMofBute,  died  without  ime,  Sept.  10,  1841.     Tbe 

Earl  of  Windnr,  co.  Berlu,  and  Viicouot  Han;uen  mBrried,  2ndlT,  Lady    Sophia 

MouDtjoyin  the   Ue  of  Wight  (1796),  Frederics    Christina     Kaatinn.    tecond 

third    Baron     Mountatuart    at    Wortley,  daughter  of    Francia,  first    F^njueM   of 

CO.  Yoiii  (1761).  and  wcoDd  Baron  Car-  Hatlingi.     An  only  ton  'a  ibe  oApriim 

difle  of    CanUSe   Caitle.    co.    Glamor-  of  ihii  marriage,  and  ia  now  tbe  Ibiid 


pn   (1776j,  in   tbe  peerage   of   Great 
Britain;  tilth  Etrlof  Dumfrieiand  Lord 


Cricbton  and  Comnock  (I6S3),  Vu-  quen  of  Bute  waa  a  Conaemlive; 
cojnt  of  Ayr  (1022),  and  twelfth  Lord  teldom  qwke  in  Parliament.  In  private 
Crichton  of  Sanquhar  (1487-S),  fifth  life  there  never  eiitled  any  nobleman  or 
Eail  of  Bute,  ^acountof  Kingarth,  Lord  country  gentleman  more  honoured  for 
Mountituail,  Cumra,  and  Incbmamock  upright  molivet  and  judicioui  conduct,  or 
(1703),  in  the  peerage  of  Scotbud;  a  more  juttly  beloied  for  kind  inlenliont 
Barooet  of  Nova  Scotia  (1627),  K.T.  and  benevolence  of  heart.  Mia  Lordihip 
Keeper  of  Rotbaay  Cattle,  Lord  Lieute-  died  at  hit  teat  at  CardilT,  a  town  not 
nantand  Heritable  Coroneiof  Ibe  county  only  enriched  but  almnet  created  by  hit 
of  Bute,  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Cuatoa  munificence,  in  the  erection  of  dodu, 
RotuloTum  of  the  county  of  Glamorgan,  upon  which  he  bad  eipended  upward*  of 
Colonel  of  the  Glamorganihire  Militia,  400,000^  Hit  Lordtbip  bad  been  enter- 
High  Sleward  of  Banbury,  a  Governor  of  taining  a  p*ity  of  frientb  at  dinner  at  tbe 
King'a  College,  London,  k  Director  of  Cattle.  At  ten  o'clock  tbe  party  broke 
'     Brititb  Inttitution,  Vice- Pretident  of  up,  when  the   Marqueia  retired  to  hit 


tbe  Rtqvl  Cambrian  Inititution  ;  D,C.L.,     chamber.     The  Marchioi 

■       idF.R.A.a.    HiiLotd-     an  adjoinins  room,  havin), 

a  the   lOlh  of  Auguit,     and  receiv^  no  aniwer.  proceeded 


^__N  of  Bute),  by  Lady  Eliiabetb  Pene-  tlie  beatt  had  proved  niddenly  taXal. 
lope  Crichton,  only  dai^ier  and  heir  of  —  At  BeDingbrough  Hall,  aged  74,  the 
Patrick,  fifth  Eari  of  Dumfriet.  On  Ibe  Right  Hon.  LydiM,  Dowager  Vlicounleit 
death  of  hit  maternal  grandfather,  April  Duwne.  She  wet  tbe  only  daughter  of 
7.  1809,  he  lucceeded  to  the  Earidom  of  John  Heatcbcote,  e«q.,  of  Conninglon 
Oumfiiea,  aod  the  other  dignitiei  of  peer-  Cattle,  co.  Huntingdon, 
age  beloi^ng  to  tbe  family  of  Crichton ;  —  At  Pita,  tbe  Hon.  UeMer,  wit*  of 
and  on  the  26th  of  Augutf,  1835,  be  re-  Sir  George  W.  Crawfiird,  bart,  and  litter 
ceived  the  royal  licence  to  aiMime  the  to  the  Earl  of  Lovelaoe. 
■unume  of  Cnchton  before  that  of  Stuart,  19.  At  hit  rendence,  Cavendiih-toad, 
and  bear  the  ainu  of  Cricbton  quarterly  St.  John't  Wood,  of  apoplen,  aged  77, 
with  tbe  armi  of  Stuart,  punuanl  to  the  Hichard  Mation,  etq..  Admiral  of  tbe 
proriao  and  condition  ex|^eated  in  a  deed  Blue.  He  wit  male  of  the  BriLania, 
of  tailiie  of  hit  great-uncle  William,  and  terved  aabore  during  Ibe  occupation 
lome  time  Earl  of  Dumfriei  and  Stair,  of  Toulon  in  1793.  when  be  wupuhlicly 
The  Earl  of  Dumfriei  wn  educated  at  thanked  by  Sir  Sydney  Smith  for  bit  eon- 
Eton,  and  at  Cbriit't  College,  Cambridge,  duct  at  the  destruction  of  the  aneoal  and 
where  Ihe  d^ree  of  M.A.  wu  conbrred  fieet,  and  bit  name  in  connection  vrilb 
upon  him  in  tbe  vear  1812.  On  the  20th  thii  lervice  appeared  in  the  London  Ga. 
Nov.  1814,  by  the  death  of  hit  paternal  iMt;  he  (erred  alto  at  the  tiege  of  St- 
gtandbtber,  tbe  flnt  Harquea  of  Bute,  be  Pioranio  and  Battia  in  1794.     He  wu 


222        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS — Makb. 
Lieul«ntiit  of  ths  Bedford  in  Hothtm'i  1891,  wai  •ppointed  commnilCT-iTi^ief 
■ctioD,  conmiDded  Ihe  Cyaiu,  under  at  Ibe  Cipe  of  Good  Hope  ud  W«l 
the  orden  of  bu  uncle,  the  Ule  Sir  Henr;  Cout  of  Africa  Station  for  three  jtmn, 
Htney,  in  the  Weit  ludia,  and  KU  pre-  It  wai  during  ihb  period  that  the  dotuib- 
Wdt  at  the  capture  or  Surinam  in  1790.  uic«  at  the  Mauritim  look  place,  wbea 
22.  At  bis  teat,  Eait  Court.  Coahun,  Briliili  intemU  were  w  ahlj  protected  bj 
near  PortimouUi,  ared  72,  Frederick  the  judicioui  airaoKeineDla  of  the  Ad- 
Warren,  eaq.,  Vice-Admiral  of  Ihe  Red.  miral  and  Captain  Harre;.  In  Jan.  IBS7. 
Admiral  Warren  iraa  a  >on  of  Dr.  Ricttard  Reor.-Adm.  Wanen  wat  once  moni 
Warren,  phyiidan  to  King  George.  IIL  lelecled  for  terTice,  and  wa>  afqx>inted 
He  entered  the  royal  navy  in  ]789,andin  fiuperintendenl  of  Devanpcnt  Dockyard, 
l7EKiwaiappolo1edtothe£ioii,  Capt.  Sir  wfaich  office  lie  retained  until  hii  pronto- 
E.  Gower,  and  proceeded  in  her  to  Cfaina  tion  to  the  rank  of  Vice-Admiral,  in  Nor. 
with  the  celebrated  embaaa^  of  Eari  Ma-  1B41. 

caniKj.  Haiinf;  during  tbii  aerrice  been  23.  At  Hennrick,  Oeorge  Parley,  esq., 
•ppoin(edactinglieutenaDt,tbisprDmotioa  banker  of  Worcetfer. 
waa  confirmed  on  bit  return.  From  thii  24.  At  Plymouth,  i^  60,  Sir  William 
period  hia  career  waa  nierie*  of  active  aer-  George  Parker,  the  lecond.bait.  (1797), 
Tice*,in  which  he  waa  highly  diatinguiabed.  Captain  R.N.  He  wai  bom  Au^iA  19, 
knd  not  len  by  bit  Grmneai  during  ibe  17B7,  the  only  aoo  of  Vic^AAmrmi  Sr 
mutiny  of  1797,  when  in  command  of  ibe  William  Parker,  Hbo  waa  created  a  ba- 
Xstmo.  In  lB06,inthe  SfsdiiAulngate,  ronet  in  1797,  and  lucceeded  to  the  title 
he  prooeeded  to  the  Jamaica  alalion,  at  the  death  of  bit  fttber,  Dec  31,  19D2. 
where,  in  April  1808.  he  removed  to  the  He  waa  nude  lieutenant  Feb.  2,  1800, 
Mdtager  frigale,  which  in  July  following,  and.  when  serving  under  the  comnumd  of 
having  been  actively  emploired  a^nat  Sir  Tfaomaa  Livingilone,  bart.,  aaaiited  in 
Ihe  enemy  in  aucceufiil  cniiaea  oa  St.  the  capture  of  the  Spaniah  national  brig  of 
Domingo,  waa  unfortunately  wrecked  on  18  guna,  on  the  Mediterranean  italim, 
Baisbuib  Key.  near  Port  Royal;  but  the  April  4,  1806.  and  on  the  4th  of  the  fill- 
Gourt-nuttial  Rilly  acqtiitted  Capt.  War-  lowing  month  commanded  the  boati  of 
ren  of  all  blame,  and  complimented  him  the  JJexmua^taDd  JVaii(t^inthec^>tute 
upiM  hia  eiertiona  aubaequent  to  the  of  the  Spaniili  achooner  Gigamla  of  9 
wreck.  He  wai  on  ahore  a  few  monthi  guna.  In  the  following  October  he  aim 
only ;  for  in  April  1809  he  waa  appointed  commanded  the  boala  which  captured  in 
to  tlie^s^H»Nen<,3S,  andnrooeadedinher  Ihe  harbour  of  Colon, in  Majorca,  a  Spa- 
in cnilae  In  the  Baltic,  under  the  ordera  of  niah  tartan  of  4  guna,  and  a  aettee  of 
Rear-Adm.  Sir  Manley  Diion.  The  2  guna.  He  aubaequently  aerred  aa  Bag- 
aervice  on  which  Capt.  Warren  waa  dea-  lieutenant  to  Sir  John  T.   Duckwoid, 

Cched  waa  one  of  great  importance.  Commander-in.cliuif   at    Newfoundland, 

ring  the  early  portion  of  hia  cruiie  he  He  waa  advanced  to  Ibe  rank  of  Com- 

waa  day  by  day  engaged  with  the  Ruaiian  mander  Nor.  29,  1810,  and  appointed  to 

gun-boata,  levenil  of  which  he  captured,  the   Sinaldo  brig  of  10  guna,  Feb.   1, 

and  incutting out, capturing,  anddeatroy.  1S12.      On  the  4th  of  May  following,  be 

irchantmenof  the  Blrongly  asiiated  at  the  recapture  of  the  ApeBt 

„t  ir-.-i  .„j  ;_ ..  v.,;™    which  bad  bMn  driven   on   abort 

.     .    ...   r  Boulogne.      Hia  next  appointinent 

quentlv  in  the  Great  Bdt,  on  Ihe  29tb  of  wai  Mav  21,   1813,  to  Uie  F^,    16,  in 

May,  1809,  he  fought  a  moat  gallant  and  which  ue  continued  until   hia  adrance- 

delennined  action  in  the  ni^t  with  no  ment  lo  poat  tank,  June  0,  1814. 

leaa  than  18  powerful  gun-boata,  in  which  26.  At  tea,  en  board  the  Belleraphon, 

Ihe    Mdpoaene   auttained  a    loaa  of  5  on  hia  paaatge  from  Corfu  to  Gibialtar. 

men  ililll^d  and 29 wounded.     Thisaction  in  commandof  the  84th  regiment, aged 

and  ita  aucceatful  reaulta  called  forth  the  47,  LieuL-Col.  Henry  DeedJei,  third  acm 

warmeat  encomiunu  from  the  gallant  and  of  the  late  William  Deedea,  e>q.,  of  Sand- 

diatinguialied   flag-olEceTB  in  command,  ling  Park,  Kent 

Captam  Warren  continued  bis  active  aer-  —  At  Rempctone  Hall,  NottinDhapi- 

ticee  until  the  peace.     Having  been  pro-  ahire.    In    his  75ih   year,    John    Smith 

mated  to  the  rank  of  Rcar-Admiral  in  Wright,  eao.,  a  magiatrate  of  that  county, 

July  1830,  he  hoialed  hia  fiag  for  about  andaherilTin  1818. 

ux  weeka  in  the  Tidavera,  74,  on  "  parti.  27.  At  Charlton-grore,  Kent,  aged  6S, 

Gular  lervice,"  and  on  the  5th  of  Auguat,  Major-General  Sir  William  Gouel,  knL, 


APPENDIX   TO 

DEATHS.- 
K.C.H.,  K.SLF.,  and  C.B.,  the  Ser- 
jeinl-Kt-AnD*  altendant  on  the  Houie  of 
Commons.  He  wu  a  nstire  of  Jeney, 
and,  having  obtained  a  commtiaion  in  the 
RojhI  Engineers,  terved  in  the  expedi- 
tion to  Hoiluid  in  1799,  and  aftemards 
in  the  uluid  of  Cejlon  during  the  Kan- 
djao  war.  Id  IBIS  he  wu  Secrelarj'  to 
the  Legadon.  under  Lord  Hejleaburf,  to 
(he  Barbar]'  States;  and  having,  when  ao 
employed,  made  himaelf  acttuainted  nith 
the  plan  and  itrength  of  tha  (bnificalioni 
of  Aigien,  he  was  appointed,  in  July 
1816,  to  accompanj  the  expedition  of 
Lord  Exmoutb  agunil  that  lown,  the  re- 
tult  of  which  wu  K  nicceaafiil  in  humi- 
liating thai  maritirae  tvnnl.  For  bia  kt- 
vicea  on  ihii  occaaion  lie  wu  nominated  a 
Companion  of  the  Balh,  and  wu  per- 
'  a  accept  (he  Neapolitan  order  of 
linand  and  MeriL  In  1828  he 
lunled  to  the  port  of  Secretary  lo 
ter-General  of  the  Ordninoe.  He 
s  selected,  in  1829,  (o  fill 
ce  of  Private  Sectetaty  lo  the 
Mof  Anglesey,  then  Lord  Lieute. 
nant  of  Ireland,  tern  whom  he  received 
ttw  honour  of  knighthood  in  the  jear 
l^n,  after  being  appointed  Under-Secre- 
tary of  State.  Prom  that  office  he  mu 
removed,  on  the  vnconcj  oecurring,  lo 
that  of  Seijeanl-at-Armglo  the  House  of 
Commons  In  1881  he  wu  nominated 
a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Hanoverian 
Guelphic  Order.  Sir  William  Go»et 
marned,  in  1808.  Gertrude,  daughter  of 
Ralph  Allen  Daniell,  esq^  of  Treleaick, 
Cornwall,  M.P.  for  WeM  Looe. 

—  At  Aix-la-Cbapelle,  tfei  61,  John 
Burke,  eiq.,  late  of  Gower-atreet.  Bed- 
ford-square. Mr.  Burke  waa  well  known 
u  the  compilu'  of  a  "  Genealogical  and 
Heraldic  DiHtonary  of  the  Pelage  and 
Baronetage  of  the  United  Kingdom ;"  the 
•■  Commoners  of  Great  Britain;"  "  A 
Genealogical  and  Heraldic  Dictionoiy  of 
the  Landed  Gentry  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland."  2  voli.  IBM ;  "  A  Genealogical 
and  Heraldic  History  of  the  Extinct  and 
Dormant  Baronelcies  of  England,"  1838, 
8>a.;  "  A  General  Armoury  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,"  1842.  Bvo.  (re- 
published under  the  title  of  "  Burke's  En- 
cvclopwiia  of  Heraldry");  "  Heraldic 
lIluitratioD),  comprising  the  Armorial 
fiearir^  of  all  Ihe  Principal  Families  of 
the  Empire,  with  Pedigrees  and  Annoto- 
liona,"  imp.  gro.  1843;  another  volume, 
1847,  ■'  The  Roval  Families  of  England. 
Scotland,  and  Walex  (and  the  fiuailics 
descended  from  Lbem)." 


CHRONICLE.  223 

08.  At  Spsrresater,  in  Siveden,  aged 
75,  the  Chevalier  CarlJohsn  Schonhcrr.a 
celebrated  entomologist,  member  of  the 
Roval  Society  of  Stockholm,  the  Ento- 
mological Society  of  LondoD,  be. 

29.  In  Edgware-nwd,  James  Bri^s, 
eM(..  Member  of  Council  of  Ihe  Ro^ 
College  of  Surgeons.and  Senior  Sui)(eoa 
of  the  Lock  HospilaL 

3a  At  Paris,  a^ed  73,  Admiral  Ro- 
samel.  former  Minister  of  Marine.  He 
was  bom  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bou- 
lo^e,  and  in  1792  was  appointed  mid- 
shipman on  board  a  ship  of  the  Republic, 
and  wu  present  at  the  engagements  fought 
between  Vlllaret  Joycuse  and  Admiral 
Hoae,  on  the  29th  of  May  and  the  1st 
and  Snd  of  June.  1794.  ^le  wu  taken 
ptisoner  in  October  1798.  in  ihe  action 
between  the  fleets  of  Bumpard  and  Ad- 
miral Warren.  He  commanded  the  Po- 
noiu  in  1811,  when  the  French  division 
lo  which  he  belonged  was  attacked  in  the 
Adriatic  by  an  English  force,  and  bravely 
defended  his  ship  ^r  three  hours  ;  and  it 
wu  only  after  he  had  lost  57  men,  when 
his  mafts  were  overboard,  and  himself 
dangerously  wounded,  and  with  five  feet 
of  nater  in  the  hold,  that  he  struck  his 
flag.     He  wu  made  Captain  of  the  Im- 


perial Naiyin  1614, and  occupied, during 
two  years,  Ihe  post  of  Msjor-General  of 
Ihe  mvy  at  Cherbourg.  He  subsequently 
made  several  cruises  in  the  Mediterranean 
and  etsewhera.  and  was  promoted  in  1823 
to  the  rank  of  Rear-Admiial,  vrith  the 
Command  of  Ihe  South  American  station. 
In  1828  he  took  the  command  of  the  Le- 
vant squadron,  in  the  absence  of  Admiral 
de  Rignyi  and  in  1880,  after  assisting  at 
the  expedition  to  Algiers,  he  was  sent  to 
Tripoli  lo  demand  tatistaction  from  the 
Bey,  which  he  obtained  in  48  hours.  He 
wu  appointed  in  Not.  1830  Maritime 
Prefect  at  Toulon  ;  Vice-Admiral  an  the 
1st  of  March,  1831 ;  and  Minister  of 
Marine  on  Ihe  6th  Sept.  1836,  a  post 
which  he  filled  until  the  90th  of  March, 
1S38. 

31.  At  Brompton,  aged  83,  Madame 
Guiiot,  the  venerable  mother  of  the  great 
French  author  and  slslesman.  She  had 
no  pretensions  to  extraordinary  intellectual 
cultivation  or  subtlety  of  talent;  but  she 
wu'  unsurpswed  in  strength  of  character 
and  intensity  of  will.  Her  piety  and 
attachment  to  the  bitb  of  the  Protestant 
Church  of  France  were  the  strangest 
principles  of  her  mind;  and,  whilst  Ihe 
creed  of  a  Puritan  bad  moulded  Ihe  stem 
simplicity  of   her    life,    the    graces    of 


224        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS— Ann. 
Cbmtun  aBtctioo  poured  wilb  inexlaurt-     PeleriionM^  Houm,  FuQiud.  Eir  Suwd 
Ible  abundance  from  her  beut.  gnduited  ■!  Oxford,  beiiig  a  nMmba  U 

31.  Al  Rtchmnod-hill.  Ud;  Ruba-  Queen'i  Coilm,  Oifivd.  hj  m  tmij 
rine  fUlkett,  daugfaur  of  Dunbar,  fourth  marriaae,  in  tJie  jew  1803,  he  aSoAii 
Earl  of  Selkitfc.  hu  btber,  who,  m  eoimauence,  n  ar- 

ranged  the   inberilaiice  «  hu  pnipa^ 
APRIL.  thai  it  abould  in  giwt  mMnire  pw  om 

hi>  MD,  and  so  lo  ^  next  geocnlua. 

1.  At  Bath,  aged  M,  Lad;  Piancii  From  the  eai^  dealh  of  hi*  onlr  un.  io 
Trail,  and  relid  of  the  Re*.  WiUiam  the  year  1837,  Sit  Samuel  Mirrirad  lla 
Trail,LL.D.,ChuoelloroftbeCathednl  dnpontioo.  Hanoa  •dopted  the  pnfa- 
Church  of  Coonot.  She  waa  the  fburth  aloa  of  the  law  in  the  E«cle»Hiical  tad 
daughter  of  Francii,  Gflh  Earl  of  WemjN.     Adminlt;  Court*,  Dr.  McTikk  fnc&Ki 

—  At  Dinan,  in  Pnnce,  aged  iO,  the  for  man*  yean  aa  an  advocate ;  but  hii 

Hon.  Arthur  Gear  Tollemadte,  brother  ml  «tudj  and  pumiit  wai  that  of  Antj- 

ofthe  Eatl  of  Djiart.  quitici  and  ArchBology,  and  in  hii  k>- 

2.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  67,  the  Rishl  dence  he  (cndually  accumulated  a  nrj 
Rev.  Michael  Runell,  LL.D,  D.C.Ln  large  colle^on  of  annour,  n-hich  not  onlj 
Oioiu,  Biihup  of  Glaigow  and  Galloway,  filled  the  garreti,  the  ttwnMie,  iikI  the 
Biihop  RuHell  waa  an  able  and  eiteniiva  back  drBm[ig.room,  but  even  eocrnadi'd 
vriter.  Hii  earlieat  publication,  "  A  View  upon  the  bed-rooma.  In  I6IObe  puUidied 
of  the  Syttem  of  Education  al  preKnl  "  The  Kitfory  and  Antiquitiea  of  ike 
1  in  ihe  Schools  and  UniTeniliei  County  of  Cardigan."     Having  br—"- 


EncyclopKdia  Metnuwltlona.   The  "  Hia-  dudion  of  a  work  on  the  CoMume  d 

tory  of   the   Church    in    Scotland,"  in  original  Inhabitant!  of  the  Britiih  Uluwi 

Ritinglon's  Theoli^cal  Library,  •'  Ser-  whidi    wn    publiihed    in    quarto,  inlli 

moni  on  Doctrinal  Subject!,"  and  many  coloured    plalea.      Hia   great   work   en 

minor  worki   written    for   the    Cabinet  Arnia  and  Armour  wai  formed  on  tin 

Library,  and  other  aerial  publication),  aa  aame  plan.     Thia  wu  published  in  time 

well  aa  many  article!  of  great  rewuch  quarto  volume*,  1624,  under  Ihi*  tide:— 

and  UHind  judgment,  which  appeared  in  "  A  Crilica)  Inquiry  into  Antient  AroKwr, 

the  BKtIah  Critic,  with  which  he  nai  con-  u  it  exiited  in  Europe,  but  particu'ir'T 

oeded  for  twenty  yean,  during  ita  earlier  in  En^and,  from  the  Norman  Conquol 

career,  attett  the  teaming,  taate,  and  ele-  to  the  Reign  of  KingCharlea  I L ;  nlh  * 

gance  of  mind  for  which  he  waa  diatin-  GloMary  of  Military  Temia  of  the  Middle 

Euiihed.     Hia  chief  work,  however,  and  Agea."    About  1825  Dr.  Mevrick  coo- 

inal  which  nioed  for  him  Ihe  reputation  Iributed   uiitance    to    Mr.    Vntbioket 

of  a  learned  and  accurate  writer,  both  in  "  EncycImMedia  of  Antiquitiea,"  on  t^ 

England  and  on  the  continent,  wai  the  Mjbjecl  of  ancient  armour.     He  wbM- 

"  Connection    of    Sacred    and    Profane  queotly  promoted  Ihe  puhlicaljoa  of  Mr. 

History."  which  wai   published  in   1827  Joseph  Skelton,  F.S.A.,  who  undertiwl 

and   1637.     In   testimony  to    his    high  the  production  of  a  aeriea  of  engranng' 

merits  the  Univeraitj  of  Oxford  conferred  of  the  Meyrick  colleclion  of  arms  »" 

upon  him  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  bj  di-  armour.  The  description*  were  all  wiitteo 

nfono — ac  honour  which  had  never  liefore  by  Dr.  Meyrick  himself,  and  the  work  >■ 

been  bestowed  on  a  Scotchman  not  edu-  consequently  one  of  equal  authority  «>''■ 

cated  at  Oxford.  hia  former  Iwok.     It  wu  completed  in  iw 

—  At  Cheltenham,  aged  71,  the  Hon.  volumes  qoarto  (on  Urge  paper,  folio)  in 
Andrew  Ramsay.  He  wu  the  fifth  son  1830.  These  works  are  at  great  beaut;. 
of  George,  eighth  Earl  of  Dalhouiie.  and  were  published  only  atavastexpcnH. 

—  Al  Goodrich  Court,  Herefbrdahire,  About  the  year  1827  Dr.  Meyrick,  bsviiig 
in  his  65th  year.  Sir  Samuel  Rush  Uey-  vainly  endeavoured  to  purchase  the  ruina 
rick.knt,  K.H„LL.D,  F.S.A.,adepui7  of  Goodrich  CaaUe,  on  the  bank*  of  l|>c 


Sir  Samuel  Meyrick  w ...  _  _  ..   

the  Mevrick*  of  Badoigaa,  in  Angleaea.  which  he  styled  Goodrich   Court.     Hn 

His   father   waa  John    Meyrick,  eiq.,  of  architect  was    Mr.    Blore,  and   the  SOt 

Great    George^Mreel,   Westminster,  and  Itone  wa*  laid  on  St.  George's  Daj,  169& 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  225 

DBATH&— AnuL. 

IIm  "ibon"  put  of  tho  bonae  wu  ar.  nvncis  Baring,  a  DcToniliira  genlleman, 

ranged  purpoaelj  nlth  the  new  of  dii-  who  founded  the  London  bruch  of  tba 

pUjing  lo  adTUilagti   bis   collection  of  bmilj.    He  wu  tbe  eldett  of  6Ye  brodnn, 

armour,  ^e   whole   concluding  Biih   •  three  oF  whom  hate  died  within  a  few 

grand  tournament  <oene  in  the  "  bastilude  weeks  of  each  olber,  jii.  Sir  Thomas,  on 

chamber."     In  1826  he  wai  consulted  bjr  IheSrdApril;   Henrj,  on  the  I3th  April  i 

the  authorities  it  ibe  Tower  of  London  ai  and  Lord  Ash  burton,  on  the  13th  Maj. 

to  the  amngeiDent  of  the  national  collec-  Sir  Thomas  BaiioB  aucceeded  lo  the  ba- 

tion  of  arms  and  Bimour ;  andio  1828,81  roneb^onthe  dealhof  hisbther,  Sept.  12, 

the  command  of  King  George  the  Fourth,  IBIO.    He  never  entered  much  into  politi- 

he  performed  (he  like  serrice  with  regard  cal  aSain.     He  sat  in  Pariiamenl  for  Wy- 

lo  the  colleclioa  at  Windsor  Cattle.     In  combe  in  the  parliaments  of  IBSDand  1831, 

JanuaiT  18%2,  it  was  announced  that  the  but  resizned  hb  seat  in  the  latter,  before  ili 

King  (William  IV.)  had  conferred  the  diaolutioninie32,toColonellheHon.Sir 

Hanoverian  order  upon  Dr.  Me}  rick  for  C.  Gre^.     He  wu  beM  known  for  hii  fine 

Iheie  and  his  other  literarjierricei,  and  he  taste  in  art,  and  bis  magnificent  oollecIioQ 

was  dubbed  a  knight  bachelor  on  the  ^nd  of  pictures.    Sir  Thomas  Baring  married, 

Pebruar?  fDllowine.     In  1834  he  lerted  at  Calcutta,  in  1794,  Mary  Ursula,  eldest 

the  o9ice  of  High  Sberiffof  Heiefordihire,  daughter  of  Charles  Sealey,  eiiq.,  of  Cal- 

andmadehiiycsrconipicuouabyareTlTal  cutta,  barri>ler-at-law  ;  and  by  that  lady, 

of  the  ancient  display  of  the  javelin-men,  who  died  on  the  'J6!h  Julv,  1S46,  he  bad 

duly  harnessed,  and  other  pageantry.     Sir  issue  fonr  sons  and  three  duigblen. 
Samuel  Meyrick's  last  important  work  was         5.  In    Norfolk-crescent,     Hyde-paA, 

"  Lewis   Dwnn'g   Hemldic   Viaitalion  of  Mary   Frances,   wife   of   Lieut.- Colonel 

Wales,"  which  he  undertook  in  1840  for  Malson,  Royal  Engineers, 
the  Welsh  MSS.  Society,  and  completed         —  The  Right  Hon.  Isabdla,  dow^^ 

in  1B46.     At  nvay  be  imagined,  so  en-  Viscountess  Powerscourt. 
thusiaitic  a  lover  of  the  antique  was  a        —  At  Dublin,agedJi2,Lady  M'Hahon, 

constant  writer   upon   lucli   aubjecti  aa  widow  of  Sir  William  M'Hahon, 
occurred  from  day  to  dajr,  and  the  publi-         —  At  the  Castle,  Ryde,  aged  63,  Sir 

cations  devoted  to  the  subject  contain  Thomss   Cotton    Sbeppard.  the  second 

many  memoirs  from  his  pen.     He  was  a  hart.  ( 1809J,  of  Crakemarsh  Hall,  Staf- 

conttant  eorrespoodent  of  the  antiquarian  fordthire,  and  Thornton  Hall,  Bucks,  a 

aocieties.     By  his  marriage  with   Maiy,  deputy  lieutenant  of  both  those  counties. 

dsughlerandco-beir  of  James  Pan7,  esq..  He  was  Ibe  second  bul  only  surviving  son 

of  Llwyn  Hywel,  co.  Cardigan,  Sir  Samuel  of  Sir  Thomas  Sheppard,  tbe  first  baronet, 

had  an  only  ton,  Llewelyn  Meyrick.  esq.,  bv  his  Gnt  wife  Gliubelh,  only  child  of 

bon)  in  1^04,  who  died  unmarried,  Feb.  William  Collon,  LL.D.,  of  Crakemarsh, 

14,1837.     His  properljr  devolve*  to  tbe  co.  Slaflbrd.     On  coming  of  age,  in  1806, 

deceased's  second  coutm  and  heir  male,  he  assumed  the  surname  of  Cotton  before 

Colonel    Meyrick,   wbo    married    L^dy  Sbeppard  by  royal  sign-manual  i  and  ha 

Laura  Vaoe,  airier  of  tbe  present  Duke  succeeded  lo  the  baronetcy  on  tbe  death 

of  Cleveland.  of  his  biher,  Nov.  21, 1821.     Leaving  no 

3.   At  Litnenr,  co.  Cork,  aged  73,  tbe  issue,  tbe  baronetcy  is  extinct. 
Right  Hon.  William  Tonson,  second  Lord         8.  At   Montreal,   Cspl.   Phipps  John 
Rivendale,of  Rathcormac(1783),ColoDel  Hornby,  of  ibe  Royal  Engineers,  eldest 
of  the  South  Cork  Militia.     His  lordship  son  of  AdminI   Phipps  Hornby,   Corn- 
was  tbe  eldest  surriring  son  of  William  mander-in-cbief  in  the  Pacific 
first   Lord   Rirartdale,  b*   Rote,  eldest         0.  At  York,  iged  40,  Richard  BartMi 
daughter  of  James  Bernard,  esq.,  of  Caalle  Howard,  M.  D.,  of  Manchester. 
Bernard,  sister  to  tbe  Gnt  £ari  of  Bandon.         10.   AI  Turin,  a^  59,  the  Hon.  Ladj 
He  succeeded  bis  father  on  the  4th  Dec,  Murray,  relict  of  LieuL-Geneial  Sir  John 
1787.     He  married.  Oct  21,  1799,  the  Murray,  barl. 

Hon.    Chariolle   Theodoua   St.   Leger,         II.   At  Dasnam  Park,  Essex, aged  86, 

sixth  daughter  of  St.  Leger,  first  Viscount  Sir  Thomu  Neave,  the  second  baronet 

Doneraile,  but  had  no  issue.  (1795),  of  thai  place,  a  deputy  lieutenant 

—  At  Simton  Park,  near  Winchester,  of  the  county,  and  a  commiasraner  of  the 

aged  75,  Sir  Thomas  Baring,  the  second  lieutenancy  of  London,  F.R.S.and  F,S.A. 
hart  of  Larkbear,  co-  Devon  (I7S3),  a         la   In    Upper   Brook-ttreet,   Harriet, 

deputy    lieutenant    of    Hampshire.     Sir  last  surviving  daughter  of  Richard  Mvd- 

Tbomas  Buing  waa  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  delton,  esq.,  of  Chirk  Castle,  Denbighshire. 
Vol.  XC.  Q 


226        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Aran. 
—  In  St.  DiUNtan'*,  CaolertniTT,  agti     nbers  ititj  b«ie  remuned  to 


•r  of  the  Uto  Sir  Walter  worthy  wlop^  the  Weldi  mode  of  de- 

flcott,  of  Abbottfbrd.  tinution.  acquired  ths  nune  of  JoDOibj 

—  Henr)'    Btring,   Mq.,  of   Cromer  whidi  tbia  branch  of  Di«  Hetbcfta  h>n 

H«ll,   Norff^.     He  ira  Uie  Ihinl   ion  beeo   erer  liace    deuguled ;    Tnown 

of  Sir  Flnncii  Buing,  bail,  aod  brother  near  Monmouth  waa  Ions  the  ducT  mM 

'0  tbe  late  Bir  TfaoniM  Baring,  whom  he  of  the  tamHj;  but,  in  On  time  of  Ik 


anrriTed  onlj  ten  <!■**,  and  to  the  lal«  Conimonwnlth,  the  then  poneaor  of  Ibe 
Lord  Aabburtoa.  Hb  married,  Bnt,  in  prowHj,  Sir  Philip  Jonea,  taking  j»tt 
June  160B,  Maria,   noond  daughter  of    wllh  the  Marquna  of  Worceiter.  wai  in 


William  Bingham,  esq.,  of  niiladelphia,  Ra)tland  Cattle  when  it  naa  dt^mjeih] 

and  aiiter  to  Lady  Aihburton.     Bt  thia  Fairbi,  and.  Treonen  being  greallj  di- 

lad;   he    bad    inue    two    loni    anct  two  uaged   by  Cromwell'a  arm;,  the  imilj 

du^ten.     Haling  been  dirorced  Irom  piCKircd  repairing  the  old  court  boon 

hia  fiift  nife,  Mr.  Henr;  Baring  married,  at  Llanartb,  which  baa  aince  contiDiwd 

•acondlv,  July  9,   1925,   Cenlia   Anne,  the  chief  seat.     Several  memben  of  tliii 

eldeat  daughter  of  the  late  Vica'Admiral  family  manied  beireaaea,  with  whom  \*ife 

William    Wyndbam,   of   Cromer    Hall,  poneaiioni  weie   acquired,  and  in  (bi 

Norfolk.  manner  becune  related  to  Arabella  Fo- 

15.  In  London,  aged  5fl,  George  mor,  wife  of  Francit  Perkini,  eac)..  ihc 
Henlj  Elliott,  eaq.,  of  Binfletd  Park  and  "Belinda"  of  Pope'a  "Rape  of  iht 
Hunt  Lodge,  Berluhire,  Lieut.- Colonel  Lock,' ■  portrait  of  whom  ii  amongM  the 
of  the  Beruhira  Militia,  a  deputy  lieu.  &niilj  picturea  at  Llanarth  Court.  Mi. 
tenant  and  maglMrale  of  Ibst  coun^.  He  Jooei  married,  in  1817,  the  Lady  Hiniel 
waa  the  eldeil  ion  of  tbe  ReT.  George  Plunketl,  only  daughter  of  Arthur  Judm, 
Henry  Glaan,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Hanwell,  eighth  Earl  of  Fin^l,  K.P.,HboniiTini 
and  (Bumed  the  lumame  and  arm*  of  him.  and  by  whom  be  hu  had  i»ue  JdIid 
Elliott,  in  lieu  of  Glane,  in  tbe  year  Arthur  Jonea,  esq.,  who  aucceedi  la  tbe 
181 1,  by  royal  licence.  family  ettatea. 

16.  bi  Burton  Crescent,  after  a  few  S3.  At  Bath,  Ann,  relict  of  tbe  Re*. 
dan'  ilhieM,  Mn.  Britton,  nih  of  John  Frodcbam  Hodwn,  D.D..  Principal  d 
Bntton,  e«.,  F.  S.  A.  BraKnoae   College,    Canon    of   Chritf- 

—  At  Biibop'a  Stortfird,  aRer  a  few  church,  and  Regiui  Profranr  of  Dirinil; 

daya'  illneM,  Mn.  Gaikell,  wilb  of  Daniel  in  the  I'nivenily  of  Oiford. 

Gaakell,  e«q.,  of  Luptet  Hall,  near  Wake-  24.  In  Jamea-ibeei.  Westminster,  iffii 

field.  64,   Jane,   wife   of    Tbos.    Amyol,   It^-, 

la   Aged  as,  the  Rmht  Hon.  Anne  V.P.8.A.,  and  daughterof  the  tale  Edw. 

Lucy,  Lady  Nugent     She  waa  aecc    '  "  '                 '         ..... 

a'      hier  of  tbe  Hod.  Gen.  Vere  Pouli 
er  of  the  late  Earl  Poulett,  and  m 

Hed,  Sept.   6,  1819,  I«rd   Nugent,  by  Ual>-ell,bart,  of  Hinns.     He  aerred  wiin 

whom  she  does  not  leave  any  iuue,  IheJOrd  at  the  battle  of  Kiogeandsurremte' 

19.  At  Tumham  Green,  Sophia,  relict  of  Copenhagen,  in  1807 ;  the  Coruana 

of  Thomas  Craf^,  esq.  campaign  in   1808-9:   returned  to  >bc 

^    Id   Baton-place,    aged  45,   Lady  I^nlnsula  with   the  regiment  in  lB09t 

Katharine  Isabella  Jermyn,  wife  of  Earl  where  he  served  until  tbe  end  of  that  war 

Jennyn,  and  Ihird  surviving  daughter  of  in  1814.  and  was  severely  wounded  st 

the  Duke  of  Rullan±  Sabugal.   He  also  served  in  the  campaign 

e&  At  Bute  HouK,  Pelenham,  Sur-  of  1815.  and  was  present  at  the  captuie 

rey,  aged  67,  John  Jones,  esq.,  of  Lla-  of  Paris. 

narih   Court,    Treowen,    and   Penllwyn  25.   At  Cheltenham,  ^ed  74,  Genwtl 

House,  CO.  of  Monmouth.     Mr.   Jones  Aleiander  John  Ooldie,  ibnnerly  of  lbs 

was  descended  in  tbe  direct  male  line  6tb  Dragoon  Ouank. 

thira  the  chivalmus  bouse  of  Herbert,  of  —    At  Brighton,  aged  51,  tbe  Ladf 

which  femily  Peter  Fitiherbert  married  Jane   Eliiabeth   Pvm,  wife   of    Pranou 

Alice,    daughter    and    heir   of    Bletbin  Pym,  esq.,  of  the  "Hoselis,  Bedfordshire, 

Broadspere,   Lord  of  Llanllowell.  near  and  tliter  to  the  Earl  of  Leven  and  Mel- 

Uske  in  Monmouthshire;    and  thus  (he  ville, 

hmilj  became  seated  in  Monmouthshire,  2S.    At   Comberwell,    George   Roae, 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  227 

DEATHS.— Mat. 

Mq.,  lata  of  Fleet-Btreet.    Tbla  worthj  Loni  Biiliop  of  Cork,  Rwi,  and  CloTne. 

gentleman  nai  many  yean  in  bunneu  aa  Dr.  Kyle  irai  the  >nn  of  Samuel  Kyle, 

a  stationer  in  Fle«t-Btree(,  finl  aa  partoer  esq.,  of  DungUen  Castle,  co.  Loildon- 

witb  Rictard  Marsh,  esq.,  brother  of  the  derry.     At  tho  L'nivcnitj  of  Dublin  be 

late  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  and  after-  diitiaguisbed  himself  u  an  elegant  and 

wards  with  Fredk.  Waller,  etq.  (who  died  aoeun.te  clenical  scholar,  and  was  elected 

June  4,  1846),  but  had  retired  from  bu-  to  a  scbolanbip  in  the  year  1791.     In 

linets  ^r  aomc  yean.  1798  he  was  chosen  to  a  feltowihip.     In 

29.   Emily  Eiiiibelb,  only  daughter  of  October,  ISW,  Dr.  Kyle  waa  nominalEd 


Emily  I 

Jward    Bulwer   Lytlon. 
Knebworib  Park. 

aa  At  Knightabridge  Barraeki,  aged 
21,  Wm.  Hamilton  Oretille,  eK|.,  Lieut. 
2nd  Lite  Guards,  only  son  of  the  Hon.  R. 
Fulke  Greville,  and  gtandion  of  Loulu, 
Counteu  of  ManaSetd.  Hit  death  vras 
cauud  by  a  broken  lee,  which  he  I 


n  Piccadilly,     Bixbop  But 
olTered  to  B 


Ptdvgm  of  Trinity  College,  a  _   . 

be  was  promoted  to  the  united  bishoprics 
of  Cork   and  Rou.      In   IB95,  he  was 

translated  under  the  proTisions  of  an  act 
of  parlianient  lo  the  see  of  Cloyne,  hold- 
ing t<i  commaidam,  wtlhoul  emolument, 
the  apiritual  jurisdiction  and  title  of  his 
former  seea.     In  1886,  on  the  death  of 


the  see  of  Klllaloe 

Kyle,  but  was  declined  i 

anil  he  continued  lo  discharge  the  duties 

of  his  bishopttc  to  the  love  and  vener^liou 

„  .  „  of  his  diocese  to  the  latest  hour  of  his  life. 

"*  '•  The  Church  has  lost  in  bim  an  active  and 

watchfiil  prelate,  ever  anxious  to  protect 

I.  At  St  John's  Wood,  aged  41,  Mrs.     the    best   interests   of    the   clergy   and 

Andenon,  the  vocalist.     She  was  one  of    people,  and   to   dispense   the   large  ^- 


engraver  Battoloizi. 
and  sister  of  Madame  Vestris. 

2,  Aged  23,  Louisa  Jane  Temple, 
second  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Temple 
Frere,  Pteb.  of  Westminster. 

—  In  Old  Palace-yard,  Ellen,  daogh. 
ter  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  George  Henry 
Rose. 

-  In  Manchester^oate,  aBed  65, 


tronage  entrusted  lo   him  with  the  t 
certrt  desire  lo  promote  the  welfare  of 
true    religion.     Dr.    Kyle    married,    in 
leOI,   the  eldest   daughter  of   WillUm 
Duke  Moore,  esq.,  of  Dublin,  and  had 

—  In  St.  James'9-place,  Westminster, 
aged  43,  William  Cripps,  esq.,  M.A., 
barristcr.at-law,  M.P,  for  Cirencester,  and 
B  deputy  lieutenant  of  Gloucestcnhirc. 
He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  the  lale  Joseph 
Cripps,  esq, ,  M.  P.  for  Cirencester  from 
1807  lo  1841.  Mr.  William  Cripps  was 
a  member  of  Trinity  College,  Oiford, 
—  -■  - —  called  lo  the  bar  by  the  Hon. 


Hugh  Muoro,  of  Fowhs,  co.  Ross,  bart., 
(1684). 

S.  At  Beverly,  aged  82,  CharloUe, 
wife  of  Sir  William  Henry  Pennyman, 
bart,  of  thai  place,  and  of  Ormeaby  Hall, 
in  Cleveland.  __   _    ._ 

—  At  Southampton,  Thomas  Glanvillo     Society  of  the  Inner  Tcmpli,  

Taylor,  esq.,  a  gentleman  well  known  in     He  was  returned  to  Parliament  for  Ciren- 
Ihe  astronomical  and  scienlific  world.  cester  on  the  retirement  of  his  father  at 

7.  Aged  84,    John   Portal,  esq.,   of    the  general  eleclion  in  1841. 

Freefblk   Prion,    Hampshire,   a   deputy         —  At  bis  residence,  Soulhlowu,  near 
lieutenant  and  magistrate  for  that  county.       Great  Yarmouth,  aged  72.  Comm.  John 

8.  At  the  Regent's  Park  Barracks,  Ellis,  R.N.,  one  of  the  old  war  oSicen, 
wed  29,  Sir  Charies  William  Egleton  who  served  as  Lieut,  of  the  GoUalk,  m 
Kent,  the  third  bart.  (1782)  of  Fomham  the  action  wirh  Ihe  Spanish  Hcet  off  Cape 
St    Genevieve.   Suffolk,   Lieutenant   in     St.  Vincent,  in  17ff7. 

12.  Henry  Galgacus  Redhead  Yorke, 
esq.,  M.P.  for  the  city  of  York,  Mr. 
Yorke  was  the  sou  of  Mr,  Henry  Redhead, 
B  [wlilicai  writer.  Though  he  left  bis 
family  as  little  fortune  as  usually  beblls 
the  man  of  lellcrs,  his  son  married  in 
1837  Ihe  Hon,  Elizabeth  Cecilia  Crosbic. 
only  daughter  and  heiress  of  William, 
ftiuttb  and  last  Lord  Brandon,  of  the 
kingdom  oF  Ireland,  and  grand- daughte- 

(J  2 


—  At  Shorebam  Vicarage,  aged  37, 
Oeorgiana,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Edward  Replon,  Prebendary  of  West- 
minster, and  widow  of  James  KeiT  Enart, 
ciq,,  of  the  Ben^l  Civil  Service. 

11.  In  MetTion-tqusre,  Dublin,  aged 
78,  the  Right  Rev.  Samuel  Kyle,  D.D., 


228        ANNUAL     REGIST  E  R,  1848. 

DBATHS._Ha>. 

of  L«df  Ceeilia  Ijtoucbe,  daughter  of  Mr.  Bari^  «h,  in  one  noMct,  dmji  k 

tlM  fini  Eari  of  Milliowa.     Mr.  Yorke  ConaemiiTc,  ena  irliea  ttidng  tite  maal 

im  Tetuned  to  hrtiMnent  lor  the  citj  of  actiTepartonthendBoftbeoppooeiiliaf 

Yorkal  thB  general  election  in  1841,  aod  T017   OoTetnmeoti.      Wbalercr   nigfat 

WM  rS'Choaen  al  the  latf  clacttoa  in  1847.  have  been  hii  abttrad  ofNnioo  on  mcfe 

la  hupolilicaheitaaaiiHNlflrale  refomer.  theorie*  of  gorernmenl,  be  m 


Tbii  genllemaa  died  bj  bU  own  band, 
hiring  for  tome  time  previom  ihowo 
■ymptonu  of  mentat  denngemenL 

ISl  At  Longteat,  Ibe  nat  of  bii  Brand* 
ion  Iba  Mait|ueu  of  Balh,  aged  73,  the 
Risfat  Hon.  Aletnnder  Banng,  Baron 
Aibbujlon,  of  Aihburton,  co.  DeTon.  a 
Prii7  Couacillor,  a  Tnntee  of  Itie  BritUh 

Uuieum  and  of  the   Nuiooal   Gallery, .^ —  - 

and  DC.L.,  Ozon.  Lord  Aabburton  Ibe  Reform  Bill  (ban  tbat 
wM  a  jounger  eon  of  Sir  Fnmei*  Baring,  identiGed  with  ibeir  poliir 
a  nKMt  eminent  merchant,  and,  beiog  de-  vpoke  frequenlly  on  all  nibjecli 
i^nedtomercinlilepumiitifWai  placed  at  tfiredlj'  or  remotelj  nilh  comr 
an  eari;  age  in  bii  fuber'a  counling-boiue.  tbej  came  before  FarltimenI,  and  bii 
During  many  jeait  of  bii  earl;  life  he  poulion  procured  him  a  deferential  bear- 
mi  conltanllj  and  Bdirelr  engaged  in  ing  eTcn  from  those  oho  nere  lead  di«- 
Ibe  lerrice  of  hit  "  bouto"  in  the  United  poied  lo  agree  with  bim  in  bii  viewa.  On 
States  and  the  Canada*,  where  be  acquired  Sir  Robert  Peel'i  return  to  power,  in 
II  that  apecial  infoinialion  and  genera]      Dec.  1S34,  Mr.  Baring  WBi  pUced  '    '' 


iniiit  that  there  muM  be  in  the  Eieeu- 
lite  a  power  not  merely  la  piiauic  pub- 
lic order,  but  ako  to  indtcale  that  amount 
of  proapective  legittition  wbidi  would  give 
lecurlty  and  regularitj'  to  the.  operalinoi 
of  commerce.  He  wai  a  dedded  oppo- 
nent of  unnecetNUj  commerdat  restric- 
llooi.  and  it  wai  mme  in  Ihi*  reiped  that 
of  the  Whigt  before 
geocrallj 


Mr.  Bat 


cabinet  ai  Preudenl  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  and  Maiter  of  ibe  Mint ;  and,  a 
few  da^  before  the  retirement  of  bit 
*_!__j_  r___jj  „^ce,  be  waa  railed  Ir  ■'^- 


knowledge  of  buiinen  which  be  after- 
wardi  turned  to  account  in  the  Uructure 
and  coniolidation  of  hii  fortune,  and  ult). 
mately  in  the  political  aerrice  of  bii 
country.  In  ISIO,  bvlhe  death  oF  hia 
father,  who  waa  it^led  bj  Lord  Erekine 
"  the  Gmt  merchant  in  the  world,"  Mr. 
Aleiander  Boring  became  the  head  of  the     the  celebniled  lan-jer,  John  Dunning,  1 

CI  houM  of  London  merchuiti>t  Baring  niliie  of  Aihburton,  who  married  Eliu- 
bera  and  Co.  It  wu  not  until  the  beth,  daughter  of  John  Baring,  eiq.,  of 
jear  1612  that  he  entered  Parliament,  Urkbear,  ro.  Devon,  and  aunt  to  Ihe 
when  he  wai  relumed  to  Ihe  House  of  lubject  of  Ibii  memoir.  In  Ihe  House  of 
ComnKmi  ai  member  for  Taunton.  He  Peers  Lord  Ashburton  continued  lo  sup- 
continued  to  repment  that  place  until  pon  ihe  policy  of  Sir  Robert  Peel,  until 
1820;  after  which  he  lat  fbr  Culliogton,  the  final  measure  of  free  trade,  to  which 
in  McceaiiTe  parliaments,  until  1831.  In  be  was  wholly  oppoaed.  Yet  be  bad 
the  second  parliament  of  the  latter  year  previo«<ly  oppoied  the  neauirc  which 
he  sal  for  Thelford,  buE  in  1832  he  was  (he  Bill  of  184fi  was  inlroduced  lo  repeal, 
returned  for  North  Essex.     Lord  A«h-     It  may  be  iougined  (hat  during  the  inler- 


burlOD  commenced  life  as  a  Liberal,  1 
from  18l2lolB3l  he  earnestly  acted  with 
that  party  for  Iba  purpoie  of  procuring 

Ibe  removal  of  those  reatriclioni  c 


Dierce  which  he  conceited  to  be  injurious.     Lord  Ashburton  1 


val  he  had  ceased  li 
mercial  man,  and  had  begun  lo  regard 
with  more  concern  his  position  ai  a  pra 
In   the  year   '"'" 


H  merely  lo  the  clui  with  which  he  was 
identified,  but  ako  lo  Ihe  whole  commu- 
nity. But  when  ihe  Whigs,  for  the  pur- 
poae  of  obtaining  a  perpetuity  of  power, 
introduced  a  measure  of  reform  more 
sweeping  iban  any  but  comparatively  a 
few  of  ibeir  own  supporters  bad  contem- 
plated, the  inalincli  of  Mr.  Baring,  as  a 
man  of  property,  and  one  whose  commer- 
cial prosperity  depended  on  the  stability 


iminaled  by  Sir 


Robert  Peel  a  special  commissioner  U 
settle  (ha  diipulei  which  then  threatened 
to  involve  ui  in  a  war  with  America. 
This  WW  the  fitting  reward  of  a  loos  life 
of  commercial  int^rity.  A  more  brilJiaal 
compliment  could  not  have  been  paid  to 
the  person  selected,  nor  could  a  selectioo 
have  been  made  more  adcantageous  M 
hia  country-  It  is  almost  needlcis  (0  laj 
chiefly  I-   '■- 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  229 

DEATHS.-M*Y. 

Wuhio^n.     Lord    Aihbnrtoti   waa  m  nnd  imiMdiale  promotion  to  tbe  ruik  of 

Tnutee  of  the  NtdioDal  Gallerj'  ai  well  ai  Comn»nder,  and  on  the  15th  of  the  fbl- 

of  ihe  British  Museum.     During  a  long;  loning  montb  he  vat  reappointed  to  the 

life  devoted  to  activilv,  boUi  mercanlile  Sealark,  Ibea  taled  a  ilDap  of  war,  and 

■nd  senatorial,  he  tbund  leisure  to  cultivate  he  obtaiaed  a  peituDa  for  hii  nounds. 

the  fine  arts,  and  iras  one  of  their  beat  —   At   Ricbinond,   aged  73,   Charles 

patroni.     Besidei  the  encouragement  he  Buller,  efq. 

f(ate  to  modeni  art,  he  formed  a  collection  —  At  sea,  od  hi*  paitage  homeward, 

of  ancient  pidures  unsurpassed  for  Ihe  aged  74,  Sir  John  Peter  Grant,  Icnighl,  of 

judfnnent  displayed  in  their  acquirement,  Rolhiemurchus,  en.   Perth,  late  one  of 

or  Ihe  princelj'  liberalilv  nith  ithich  he  the  Puisna  Judges  of  the  Supnrma  Court 

obtained  them.    Lord  A^burlon  mairied,  of  Calcutta.      He  nat  called  to  tbe  bar  by 

in  1798,  Anne  Louiaa,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Sociely  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Feb.  J, 

William  Bingham,  esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  1802.     In  1827  be  was  appointed  one  of 

a  member  of  ihe  Senate  of  the  United  the  judge*  at  Bombay,  and  received  Ihe 

Slates,  and  by  thai  ladj  be  bad  iunie  Ave  honour  of  linighlhood  on  the  30lh  of  June. 

sons  and  four  doughiers.  He  was  afterwards  removed  to  Calcutta. 

—  At  Swindon,  from  injuries  received  18.  At  Plumttead,  Captain  Frederick 
bf  a  railway  accident,  aged  22,  Arthur  William  Buripoyne,  R.N.,  second  son  of 
Augustus  iJee,  esq.,  B.A.,  of  Wadham  Lteut.-Gen.  Sir  John  Burgojne,  bart,  of 
College,   Oifiird.      He   look   a   double  Sutton  Park,  Beds. 

second  class  at  the  Public  Examinalion  29.    At    tbe    Hague,    Banm    Dedel, 

in  June  last.  Minister  of   the  first   Chamber  of   the 

—  At  Brighton,  aged  79,  Woodbine  Slalea  General  oflhe  Netherlands. 
Parish,  esq.,  many  yean  Chairman  of  the  25.   At  Melburj  House,  aged  91,  Ibe 
Board  of  Excise,  N.  B.  Rigbt  Hon.  Stephen,  Vmcoudi  Biavordale, 

15.   In  C ha rtes- street,  Berkeley-square,  on^  surriving  son   of  the   Eari  of    II' 

aged  55,  William  Thomaa  Grant,  esq.,  cboler. 

son  of  Ihe  laie  Charles  Grant,  esq.,  M.P.  —    In    tbe   Royal   Marine   Barracks, 

for  Invemesshire,  and  brother  to  Lord  Woolwich,  aged  58,  LieuL-Col.  Robert 

Glenelg  and  the  lale   Right   Hon.   Sir  Ford.     This  gentleman  ita*  present,  as 

Robert    Grint,   Governor   of   Bombay,  midshipman  of  the  Ham/  Addaigton,  at 

Mr.  Grant  was  Private  Secretary  to  Lonl  tbe   nllanl   repulse   of  AdmimI    Linois' 

Glenelg  when  Secretary  of  Slate  for  Ihe  Bqna£x)n  in  Ihe  China  teas,  in  I8M.     In 

Colonies,    and  when   President   of   tbe  [vovember  of  Ihe  same  year  he  obtained  ■ 

Board  of  Control.  commission  in  tbe  Roval  Marines.     He 

17.    At   Brixton,    aged  73,    Thomas  aerred  in  (he  Channel  Beet  blockading 

Wanmnd,  esq.    Captain    R.N.   (1825).  tbe  French  potis;  in  Canada,  under  Sir 

He  obtained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  in  Alexander  Cochrane;  in  the  West  Indiea 

Feb,  laOD,  and  assisted  at  tho  capture  of  in  1605  to  1808;  and  in  punuit  of  Je- 

Iwo  Spanish  corvettes,  in  Barcelona  road,  rome  Bonaparte's  squadron,  with  whom 

br  the  boat!  of  the  MiniMaia,  74,  and  bis  ship  exchanged  shots.  He  disembarked 

fligeT  troop-ship,  under  ihe  directiona  of  in  Porti^al  with  a  battalion,  which  secured 

Captain  James  Hillyar,  on   Ihe  3rd  of  a  landing  for  the  Duke  of  Wellington's 

Sept.  following.     He  afterwards  received  army,   and  subsequently  served   in  the 

tbe  Turkish  gold  medal  for  bb  serrices  expedition  to  Walcbeien.     He  waa  made 

on   Ihe  coast  of  Egypt     Mr.  Wamnd  acting  Captain  of  Ihe  BamiBa,  by  Sir 

•erred  as  signal-lieutenant  to  Sir  Robert  A.  Cochrane,  on  the  coast  of  America, 

Calderatlhe  capture  of  two  Spanish  line-  having  commanded  the  Marines  of  ihs 

otbattle  sbipa,  July  22,  I8O9,  and  sub-  squadron  at  the  taking  of  Mooae  Uand 

•cquemly  commanded   the    SlooAoimd  and  the  Inmbardment  of  Stonytnvm,  in 


gUD-tvis,  on  the  Dovma  station,  where  be     1R13 ; 


lion  befiire  Baltimore, 
Slii,  IBIO.  Sometime  aAer  this,  he  was  where  be  succeeded,  through  casualtiea,  to 
appointed  to  Ihe  Stalark  schooner,  of  Icn     the  command  of  his  battalion ;  assisted  at 


JO        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Hat. 

I   Weit   Indies,  and  mi  three 

[htly  wounded. 

'2G.   Aged  68,  Wltliim  Zouche  LucM  f.&.A.,  >  gentlemu  * 

Ward,    ftq.,     of    GuiUborouah     Hsll,  snliquirian  punuiu. 
NorthamplDDthirB,   a   dcput;   lieutenuit        —  Al  her  reaidence,  near  KentingtoD 

and  magialrate  of  that  county.      lie  waa  Church,   ia    her   71il  ye»i.    Her    Rojil 

the  ton  aii<l  heir  of  John  Lucai,  eaq.,  bjr  HI)[hneH  the    PriDCeu    Sophia,  aunt  to 

Anne.  dau)|h[er  of  John  Ward,  e>q.,  of  Her  MajeHy  the  Queen.      Thii  Princna 

GiiiltborouKh,  and  in   1788  aiaumed  tha  was  the  fiflb  daugbler  and  tuelfUi  child  of 

■ddilioiiBl  name  of  Ward  in  compliBnce  tlieir   Majeitiei   Kind   Geor^  IlL   and 

nilb  tbe  will  of  hii  uncle.  Sir  Thomai  Cbarlotle  of  Mecklenburg  8treliti.     Her 

Ward,  of  Guiliborough,  kniebt,  nho  died  KoyilHighneualnayieajojedlhebigbat 

in  1778.     He  served  ihe  office  of  aberilT  reapectfroin  IbeaoiiabilityofbeichBnclef 

for  the  county  of  Northamplon,  in  1765.  and  her  beneiolence  lo  har  dependanti 

—  Al  Sidney,  New  South  Wilca,  and  tbe  poor.  In  oonaequeuee  of  bet 
LieuL-Gen,  Sir  Maurice  Charlei  O'Con-  bad  uale  of  health,  ihe  had  for  aome  jeara 
nell,  knigbl,  K.  C.  H.,  Commander- in-  lived  in  great  rettrement.  In  moTiug  the 
Chief  of  the  Forces  in  that  colony,  and  customary  address  of  condolence  to  Her 
Colonel  of  the  80(h  Foot.  Tbis  officer,  Majesty,  in  the  House  of  Lonfa,  the 
after  serving  with  the  rank  oF  Captain  in  Marquess  of  Lanadonne  bore  tntiiaony  lo 
the  emigrant  army  under  the  Duke  of  Her  Royal  Highness  haiing  passed  "  a 
Brunswicif  iu  the  campaign  of  1792,  long  life  of  virtue,  charity,  and  excellenoe, 
entered  the  British  anny  sent  to  the  Con-  in  every  position,  public  and  private,  in 
linent,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  nar  in  which  she  waa  placed."  Tbe  body  of 
1793.  He  served  same  yean  in  the  West  Her  Royal  Higbneu  was  interred  on  tbe 
'  "  '  'a  1804  was  ordered  with  bis  5lh  of  June  at  the  cemetery,  Keiual 
Dominica.  He  commanded  Green, wt'  '  '  '  -  •  •-• 
npany  at  Roseau,  when  an  remaina  < 
attack  was  made  on  that  capital,  22nd  Sussex. 
Feb.  1605.  by  a  French  force  commanded  29.  At  hit  residence,  the  Grange,  oeai 
by  Gen.  La  Grange  and  Admiral  Mis-  Edinburgh,  aged  64,  Sir  Thomas  DhI 
aiesay,  and  successfully  reaiited,  during  Lauder,  the  Kventh  Baronet,  of  Fountain 
the  whole  day,  repeated  attacks  made  by  lUll,i>o.  Haddington  ( 1 688).  a  deputy  lien- 
very  superior  numbera  of  the  enemy  on  tenant  of  the  counties  of  Haddington  and 
the  posts  he  occupied  with  the  remains  of  Elgin,  and  F.R.S.  Ed.  He  BaitbeoDhraiw 
the  46lti  Regiment,  his  own  company,  of  Sir  Andrew,  ihcsiitliBaroaet, by  Elita- 
— -*  - '  '  militia.     He  received  belli,  daugfah-r  of  ThomM  Broun,  esq.,  of 


r  bis  services  i>  .        ,  .  „    , 

received  a  inord,  value  50L,  andapiece     ture  of  Scotland.  Tbe  freedom  and  felidn 
uf  plale,  value  lOOJ ,  from  the  committee     of  bis  style  approach  nearer  to  that  of  Sir 


of  the    Patriotic   Fund  at  LloydX     In  Walter  Scott  than  any  contemporarr  in- 

1809  be  Bitalned  tberankofLieuL-Col.,  aUace  that  oan  be  adduced.     To  SWk- 

and  was  appointed   Lieut -Govemot  of  woodandlheotherperiodicals  of  hiseariy 

New  South  Walea,  where  he  continued  days  Sir  Thomas  contributed  numerous 

until  April  1814.     In  1815  he  marched  fugitive  piece>,    equally  acceptable  and 

in  command  of  a  division  of  the  army,  equally  eiceltent.     He  was  greatly  ugnal- 

under  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Robert  Brownrigg,  ised  by  an  excellent  paper  on   "  Tbe 

into  tbe  territories  of  the  King  of  Candy,  PanllHl  Roads  of  Glenroy,"  which  at  an 

the  ponquest  of  which  was  acbieved  in  early  period  he  read   beftne  the   Royal 

forty  days,  and  crowned  by  the  capture  of  Society  of  Edinburgh,  and  which  may  be 

the  reigning  monarch,  itho  was  deposed  regarded  as  the  fauodation  of  his  liteiary 

and  brought  aprisoner  to  Columbo.  Tbe  fame.     In  early  life  be  also  published  bis 

12lb  Aug.  181B,  he  received  the  brevet  two  novels,  "Lochindbu,"  a  romance,  and 

of  Colonel  1  in  IB41  be  attained  tbe  rank  ■•  The  Wolf  of  Badcnoch."     His  other 

of    LieuL-GenereL       He    received    the  chief  works  aro,  "  Tbe  Floods  in  Moray, 

honour  of  knighthood  in  1835,  and  was  in   1833:"    "  Highland    Ramble^   wiUi 

appointed  Colonel  of  the  SOtfa  Foot  in  Long  Tales  to  Shorten  the  Way  i "  edi- 

1844.  tiona  of  "  Gilpin's  Forest  Scenery"  and 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  281 

DEATHS.— JuNB. 
Sir  DTfldUe  Prim  "  On  Ihe  Pictumqus ;" 

"Tour  round  tha  Couli  of  Scolluid ; "  JUNE, 
■od  "  The  Queen'*  Vi*i(  lo  Scotlknd  in 

1B42."     Sir  llioinM  aunied   in   1806  1.   la  OrtMrenoNtquare, Chartotte,  wife 

Ctiarlea  Anne,  only  cliild  and  heir  of  of  Sir  Chariei  Taylor,  ban,  of  HoUf' 

George  Cumin,  eaq.,  of  Relugas,  and  bad  combe,   Suwei.      Sbe  mu  the  KCODd 

Uiue.  daughter  of  J.  B.    Poulett  TbompMm, 

90.   In  JohD-tlreet,  Bedford-row,  aged  elq. 

87.  Jolin  William  Bilileston,  esq.,  of  tbe  —  At  the  bouie  of  hia  folher-in-lao. 

Middle  Temple.  Thomu  Tindal,  eH|.,   AjledMin,  aged 

—  At   Worthing,   in   hu  62ai  year,  49,   Sir  John  De  Veulle,  Bailiff  of  tha 

Thomas  Carrick,  esq.,  of  Moat  Mount,  Iile  of  Jeney.     He  hu  app(»nted  bailiff 

Highwood  Hill.  Middlnex,  and  of  Wyke,  or  cbief  maRutrate  of  Jeney  in  1831 1  on 

CO.   York,    a   deputy  lieulenant   of   Ihe  which  occouod  be  leceived  the  honour  of 

■■  ™  of  ihe  neace  for  knighlhoodfrom 

Maroh2.ie31. 

diewi,  and  a  Miqor  in  the  Mllilia.  —   At   Tottenham,  aged  71,  William 

81.  At  Windsor,  a^d  76,  Sir  William  RDbinion,  esq.,   LL.O.,  barriMer-at-lair, 

Hotham,  G.CB.,  Admiral  of  the  Red.  a  deputy  lieulenuit  and  muialrala  for 

Sir  Will iaiD  Hotham  was  Ihe  lecond  win  MlddloKi.  and  F.S.A.,  a  diitit^iiheil 

of  General  Hothsm,  a  younger  brother  of  local  antiquarian  and  writer,  and  author  of 

Admiral  William,  the  Gnl  Lord  Holfaun.  loine  law  treatJM*. 

Having  entered  Ihe  Royal  Navy  at  an  2.    At  Alton   Hall,  Warwickthire,  tn 

eaHyage,  hewaa  Lieutenant  ofthe  Fietory  hii  SOlh  year,  Jamea  Watt,  eiq.,  F.R.S. 

under  NeUon.  and  seried  on  ihore  al  Ihe  Mr.  Watt  wa»  the  laat  lurtiiing  ion  of  tbe 

liege  of  Bailia  in  1795.     He  obtained  the  illustriout  improTer  of  the  ileam-eDffine. 

rank  of  Poat  Captain  in  the  C^clopi,  in  He  waa  bom  on  the  5lh  of  Feb.  1769. 

1794.     He  relumed  lo  England  in  1796,  Inheriting  a  laive  ibara  of  the  powerfiil 

and  in  Ihe  same  Tear  obtained  the  com-  inlelleol  of  hi>  diMinguiihed  &ther,  lo  tbe 

mand  of  IhG  Adamant,   a  50-Kun   ihip  eilention  of  whose  fame  ha  bad  for  the 

employed  in  tbe  North  Sea.     The  Ada-  latf  thirty  years  ihowo  ihe  moat  lealoua 

mant  was  Ihe  only  two-decked  ship  ihat  and  truly  filial  devotion,  he  united  to  great 

remained  with   Admiral  Duncan  off  the  lagacity  and  a  masculine  undentandlng 

Teiel,  during  lbs   alarming  mutiny  of  the  vaned  Bcquirementt  and  literary  taitea 

1797.     In  the  same  year  he  served  al  Ihe  of  a  well-cultivatad  mind.     Hiioamewilt 

memorable  battle   of  Camperdown,  for  long  be  remembered  In  aMociatlon  widi 

which  be  received  a  medal.     Some  time  that  of   the  lale   Mr.  Boulton,  aa   Ibay 

afkur  he  was  ordered  to  the  Cape  of  Good  were  for  nearly  half  a  century  succeasfully 

Hope,  on  which  station  he  continued  up-  enoaged  in  carrying  out  thoM  invenliotw 

wanJs  of  three  yean,  and  assisted  at  the  and  improrementa  by  which  tbe  geniui  of 

destruction  of  Za  FVmnuc  French  frigate,  hlsbtherwasimmortaliied.      For  Ihe  laat 

On  the  renews]  of  bostililics  in  I80S,  eight  years  of  his  life,  he  bad  compara- 

Captain  Hotham   was  appointed  lo  the  tively  retired  from  aetive  buiinssi,  and  had 

Sautniable,  of  64  guns,  and  again  em-  devoted  much  time  and  allaotion  to  iha 

ploy^edintheNorthSea;  but,  the  btiguing  improvement  of  hi*  extenilve  ealalea  in 

eenice  in  that  quarter  causing  extreme  tbecountlea  of  Radnorand  Brecon, where 

indisposition,  be   was  obliged  to    retire  bit  tenantry  will  haTe  lolameDt  the  loatof 

fhim    active   service.     He    subsequently  a  kind,  energetic,  and  liberal  landlord. 

commanded,  in  succeailon,  the  Sea  FencI-  8,    At  Leamington,  aged  IS7,  Hisa  Ann 

hies  at  Liverpool,  and  the  Hogal  Sovcrtign  Maria  Manners  Sutton,  sixth  daughter  of 

yacht;   the  latter  of  which  he  retained  tbe  late  Archbishop  of  Cantertnuy. 

until   his    advancement   lo  the  rank   of  —  In  the   College  of  Arms,  In   hi* 

Rear-AdminI,   Dec.  4,  1818.      He  was  82nd  year,  Francis  Martin,  esq.,  Claien- 

nominated  a  K.C.B.  Jan.  2.  1815;   be-  cieuiKingof  Arms,  and  F.B.A. 

came  a  Vice-Admiral,  July  19,   1821 1  —  In   Chapel-itrael,  BalgravHquare, 

•nd  Admiral  of  the  Blue  In  1837  ;  and  ftnm  injuries  sustained  by  her  draaa  aod- 

was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Grand  Croaa  dentally  lakinw  Are,  aged  78,  Lady  Bliia- 

of  the  Batb  in  1840.     He  waa  also  In  Ihe  betb  Moncriels,  aunt  to  Ihe  Earl  of  Dal- 

reoeipt  of  an  Admiral's  good-service  pen-  bouaie. 

aion.  6.  At  hIa  ehambera  in  the  Templa,  of 
an  affeettoa  of  Ihe  beart,  ^od  991  Robait 


232        ANNUAL    REGI  ST  ER,  1848. 

DEATHa— Jnii. 

Bddwin,  CM).,  b«rrifter-«t-Uw,  cidert  iod  ilmot  daedcd,  it  in  inn  in  Laukn— i 

of  Mr.  Bddirin,  of  Pslernotlcr-roir.  puipcr,  ■!■■  I  but  not  a  beggu.    He  mi 

8.  Aoed  50,  id  Brulon-itreet,  I^j  afblloirer  of  O'ConndlincTcrjIbiiigbut 
Lucj'  Eleuior  Lowtber,  wife  of  CoL  (M  that.  When,  id  canaequenee  of  ■  bte 
Hon.  H.  C  Loiillier,  M.P.,uidiaterto  de^dorable  attempt,  hia  dedilaiiaD  wu 
the  Earl  of  Hartrarough.  made  known,  manj  who  difcred  ftnm  tu> 

—  In  Wilton-crescenl.inhii  54lhjcaT,  opinion!  haitened  to  his  relief ;  and  in  a 
the  Hon.  Edward  Robert  Peire,  uncle  to  few  dayt  contribntiom  wcrs  poured  in 
I^ord  Petra.  which  would  *aon  bare  awelied  into  ■ 

9.  At  Tottenham,  ased  75,  (be  Rct.  lbrtun«.  There  could  biTe  been  no  doubt 
David  Thomai  Powell.  B.C. L.  about  iL     But  Steele  wai  not  of  Ireland'! 

—  Aged  aO,  William  Capel  Clayton,  "  mendicant  patriot!. "  His  gratitude  died 
caq. ,  late  of  the  Coldttieara  Ouardi,  lou  tean  at  the  offer  which  bii  noble  tnlure 
of  Sir  William  CUjIon.  barl.  would  not  permit  bim  to  accept.    Tbe 

—  At  Nice,  the  Mandiionen  de  Lapifre  country  wbtch  be  lored  and  thit  toa 
de  Muingy,  daughter  of  Sir  Charlet  which  be  nought  to  icparate  were  tfnngdj 
Henry  Coote,  bait.,  late  M. P.,  Premier  conlrastad  in  Ibor  conduct  towanb  bin. 
Baronet  of  Ireland.  Ireland  gate  him  wordi,  EDglaDd  deedk 

10.  At  bii  Racto^  Houie,  near  Loo-  Ireland  took  hj*  life,  Engtand  gave  him  a 
don  Bridge,  aged  77,  the  Re*.  Thomaa  grave.  How  bilter  uml  bave  been  ibe 
Leigh,  M.A.,  Rector  of  St.  HairniB  in  reBeclinni  of  that  death-bed.  Steele^grot 
the  atj  of  London,  and  of  Wickham  miitake  wai  iht!: — Unadmoniahed  tijtbi 
Bishop*!,  Etiei.  fate   of  many  who  preceded  him,  he,  a 

12.   In  Cllfford-itreet,  the  Right  Hon.  Proteatant,  «at  ereduloua  enough  to  jut 

Uai7,  Lidr  Montgomerie,  mother  of  the  hkh  in  Roman  Catholic  profeuiana.  The 

Earf  of   ^linloun,     and  wife  of    Sir  faction,  as  ii  their  wont.  Battered  him,  and 

Chtrlea  M.   Lamb,  bart.     She  wai  the  uaed  him,  and  neglected  him.     Mij  hii 

diughterandheir  of  ArchibBld,lllhEarl  &ta  warn  others.      Poor  fellow  t   what 

of  Egiintoun,  and   wa!  married  Brat  in  mual  haTC  been  hi!  fvolinga  when  he  fouad 

I803tohercouiia  Archibald,  Lord  Mont-  Lord   Brouabam,  whom  he  had  lo  oltoi 

gomerie,  eldeal!on  of  the  ISth  Earl,  who  denounced,  haatening  to  hi!  aid,  and  Coio- 

ftied  before  hi!  blber  in  1814 1  atid  le.  nel  Percenl,  chief  amongit  the  Orange- 

coodly,  in  1813,10  Sir  Chat^etMonlolieu  men,  wUchiriR  by  hia  death-bed  I     Fare 

Laml^  barlq   Knight  Hanbal.     Bv   her  thee  well,  noble,  honeat,  victiroiied,  Tod 

fintmairiageahe  haditauetwoioni,Hurii,  Steele  I     A   braver  ipirit,  in   a  e^'''' 

Lord  Montgomerie,  who  died  in    ISl7,  heart,  never  left  earth — let  ui   bumblj 

and  the  present  Earl.  hope,  for  that  home  when  the  weary  find 

15.    At   Peele's  Coaee-houae,   Fleet-  rest." 
atieet  (some  weeks  after  an  attempt  at         16.  At  DarmsiBdl,  aged  71,    Ludw^ 

aelf-destruction),    Thomia    Steele,  e^.,  11.,  Grand  Duke  of  Heaee-Damialadt 
M.A.     Mr.  Steele  waa  educated  at  Mag-         —  At   Richmond,    Surrey,  aged  6S, 

dalena   College,   Cambridge,  where   he  Sir  James  Fullarlon  Dundaa,  the  Ihiid 

look  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1820.     Mr.  baronet,  of  that  place,  and  of  Llanelly, 

Steele  was  beat  known  aa  the  failhfiil  and  co.  Carmarthen  (1815),  a  Hajor-Genenl 

conatant  follower  of  the  late  Mr.  O'Con-  in  tbe  aerrice  of  the   Hon.    East  India 

nell  in  his  political  efforts,  and  be  re-  Company. 

ceived  from  tbe  demagogue  the  title  of         17.   At  Inverury,  ihewidowof  William 

"Head   PaciBcalor"    of    Mand,     The  Thorn,  the  bard  of  Inverury.    TbeQucen 

fiillowin^  remarka  upon  hta  decease  ap-  haa  given  a  donation  of  ten  pounds  to  the 

peered  in   the   Sltadard  newspapen —  fund   for  behoof   of  the  three  orphan 

"  lite  nureat,  perhaps  indeed  the  only  children,  and  the  tola]  sum  raised  by  the 

pure,  spirit  which  the  vile  Repeal  agitation  joint  eSbrts  of  the  general  committee  in 

produced,  haa  paased  awa;  frotn  amongst  Dundee,  and  the  auxiliary  committee  in 

us.    Poor  Tom  Steele  ii  Do  more.    What  London,  exceeds  250j. 
aflUewai  hisi     Highly  gifted  by  nature,         21.  At  Cheltenham,  tged  64,   Dame 

emmently  diatinguiabed    at    Cambridge  Deborah  Pffp<  i^lict  of  Sir  Luces  Pepjs, 

Uoivenitr,  with  a   buoyant   spirit   and  hart,  M.D.,  F.R.S.   She  was  the  daughter 

an    ample   fortune,    all    shone   brightly  of  the  celebrated  Dr.   Anlhonv  AAew, 

through  the  vista  before  him.    Mark  the  and  iiater  to  Adam  Aakew,  of  Redheugb, 

aequel.  Witha  brokenapirit,and  abroken  CO.  Durham,  e»q. 
heart,  and   a  broken  fortune,  he  died,        32.  At  C — "^"^ 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.             233 

DEATH  &_JoLY. 

Hortlock,  aq.     Mr.   MoKlock  mi   Ihe  tbe  KcoDd  aon  of  Hiomu  Fonyth,  nq., 

lixth  and  ^ounnst  xm  of  the  l«te  John  of  Liierpool ;  wu  of  Trinltj   Collwe, 

Monlock,  e*q..  bBoker  at  Cambrid^  «nd  Cambridge;  and  he  married,  Jan.  9D, 

M.  P.  for  Ibat  bOTOUBh  in  parliament,  and  1842,  Mary  Catharine,  recond  daughter 

wu  highly  di>tingui>he<l  by  hii  exteodve  of  the  late  Lord  Edward  O'Bryen. 

diarin  and  genenwily.     In  ISIShenTe  27.  At  Aarau,  in   Switierland,  in  hii 

MiVLfortliepurpoMofrebuildinglhealnn-  TBihycar,  Henry  Zfchokke,  whme  natoe 

hoiue*  in  CambiiJite  founded  by  Mn.  Eli-  fills  no  mean  page  in  the  annali  of  Gcman 

tabelh  Knight  in  1647,  which  bad  become  literature  and  S»iu  hiilory.     A  native  of 

■o  sreallv  dtlaoidMed  that  without  «uch  Magdebui^.  in   Pnuaia,   ZKhokke  com- 

ntionioftho  menred   life    by  joining   a   company   of 

....                                    aereatraea-  Mrolling  playen,  and  afterward)  Hudied 

Hire  defeated,  and  in  the  year  1626  con-  philoiophy  and  divinity  at  Frankfort-oa. 

tributed  a  farther  doiulion  of  QOOf.  for  the-Oder.     After  many  yean  of  tisveli 

Ihe  repair  of  these  almehouie*.     These  and  laried  advenlurca,  he  devoted  himself 

•iDiihouiei  are,   in  consequence  of  Mr.  to  the  education  of  youth,  and  Sied  hia 

Mortlock'i  generoun  gift,  now  called  Ihe  t«sidence  in  Switteriand  at  the  clme  of 

Knif;ht  and  Mortlock'i  almahouset.  the  last  century.     Hi<  political  KTricea  lo 

23.  A((ed  73.  William  Athby  Athbr,  Swilierland  were  important,  and  he  erer 
CM).,  of  Quenby  Hall.  He  waa  the  only  alter  coniidered  it  at  hit  adopted  country. 
■cm  of  William  LMbam,  Oq.,  F.  R.  S.  and  For  the  lait  fbrty  jrtn  be  re»ded  in  hii 
F.S.A.tof  Ellham,  Kent,  by  Mary  Eliia-  peaceful  retreat  at  Aarau,  whilit  hit  pen 
belh  AihbTi  etdeat  daughter  and  heireaaof  almoit  unceaiingly  brouj^ht  forth  works  o^ 
Shukbnigh  Ashby.eaq.,  F.  R.S.andM.P.  philoraphy,  hiatory.  criticiBm,  and  fiction, 
for  Leiceiter  in  1784.  He  changed  hii  Hii  production!  twiong  to  the  pure  achool 
name  frmn  Latham  lo  Aihby  on  lucceed-  of  claaic  Gennan  literature,  and  his  bit- 
ing Id  bia  mother'*  property.  lories  of  Bavaria  and  Swilierland  remain 


-  By  Iho  overtumine  of  her  carria;^  as  noble  monumenti  of  lalenl.  His  beau- 
Deinecn  Munich  and  Vienna,  aged  7'i,  tifol  tales  have  been  Itanilaled  intoalmost 
Maria  Leopoldine,  Electrets  of  Bavaria,      every  language.      Hit  chequered  life  had 


s  the  daughter  of  llie  Archdulie     endowed  him  with  a  rare  insight  ir. _ 

Ferdinand  of  Auatrio,  Duke  of  Modena  ipringiof  hunianBctiona,andrewRriten  in 
BriiKau,  by  Mary  Beatrice  d'Etle,Duchen  any  age  or  country  hate  more  laiigelycon- 
of  MaBsa- Carrara.  tributed  during  IfaE  coune  of  a  long  life 

24.  In  Park-Street,  GroirenortqiMte,  to  enlertainand  improvetheirfellow-men. 
the  Right  Hon.  Warwick  Lake,  third  —  The  Rev.  Horace  Lewis  Knighl 
Vncount  Lake  (1807)  and  Baron  Lake  Bruce,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Abbotsham,  De- 
of  Delhi  and  Laswarree,  and  of  Atlon  votuhire,  the  eldest  ion  of  Vice-Chan- 
Clinlon,  CO.  Buckingham  (1804).  He  cellor  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  James  L. 
waa  third  and  youngest  son  of  Gerard,  Kni^t  Bnice. 
first  Viscount  Lake,  the  heroofLaawarree.  *~  "    '" 

Onlhedeathofbiseldeitbrother.Ftancia  .       ,.   _   ,     _.  _        __, 

Gerard,  second  Viscount.  May  12.  IBS8,  lain  Carew  waa  the  eldest  ton  of  Admiral 
he  succeeded  to  tbe  digniliei  of  Ibe  peer-  Sir  Benjamin  Hallowell  Carew,  K.C.B., 
age.  He  married,  Nov.  28,  1SI5,  Eliza-  by  a  daughter  of  Capt.  lodefield,  R.N., 
twth,  only  daughter  of  James  Beveridge  Comminioncr  of  tbe  DotSyard  at  Gib- 
Duncan,  of  Dimtide.  esq.,  and  bj  that  rattar.  He  married,  in  1838,  Mary, 
lady  had  issue  one  ion,  Warwick,  who  daughter  of  Ihe  late  Capt  Sir  Murray 
died  an  infant  in  1817;  and  two  daughters.      Maxwell.  R.N.,  and  hai  left  iiHie. 

The  peerage  has  now  become  eitincL 

—    At  the  vicarage.   Little   Marlow, 
Bucks,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Birch,  D.U.,  a     daughter  of  the  late  Gen.   gir  Willi 
Prebendaiy  of  St.  Faul'^  Rector  of  the     "'--- 

iniled  pansbes  of  St  Mary  Woolnoth  and 

it  Mary  WoolchurchHaw  in  the  city  r' 
London,  and  Vicar  of  Little  Martow. 

25.  At  hia  brother'i  house,  St.   An- 
drew't-place,  Ref^enfa-park,  aged  32,  the 

Rer.    John    Hamilton    Forsyth,    M, A.,  julii. 

Curate  of  Dowry  Chapel,    CIMton,   and 

fimneily  of  WcKon-tupei-Mare.    He  iiai         1.  At  Cbarlecote  Pui,  aged  28,  WiU 


234       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

DEATHS.— July. 
litm  Fulka  Lucy,  oq.     He  mi  the  win     mantic  interett  or  conventional  adulattoB 
and  heir  of  the  l&te  George  Lucti  ewj'i     throughout  the  period  immediatel]'  pre- 
br  Muj  Eliiabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  John     ceding  our  ovn  tiine,  that  hit  dmfa  a  in 
Williaou,  of   Bodelwyddan,    co.    Filnt,     erent  of  luaicienl  intersrt  to  divert  our 


I*  (he  younger  Kin  of  John  Purchas,  litudGi  of  might;  and  rapid  reiolutiont; 
eiq..  Alderman  of  Cambridge.  He  en-  but,  wbilst  M.  de  Chateaubriand  wai  ac- 
tered  the  royal  navv  in  1H03,  under  (he  tivelv  ensaiied  in  many  of  the  pTiiidpal 
'  '  'mirJ  Sir  H-     •"--"---      " ' -.■---     -'  -—-•  '- 


patronage  of  AdminJ  Sir  Henry  TrolJope,  traniacltona  of  hit  time,  and  p 
and  wa>  preient  at  ihe  capture  of  two  rapid  ailemalioni  from  indigenoe  and  ob. 
Spaniih  1ine-of-liattle  ihipa,  by  Sir  Robert  acurily  to  alBuenoe  and  poirer,  which  fell 
Calder,  July  22,  1805  i  of  four  French  olT  in  their  lum  until  the  rcHectioD  of  hit 
IWD-declteii,  by  Sir  Richard  J,  Sirachan,  pa>t  greatnen  alone  remained  to  light  up 
Not.  4,  in  the  lUileyear;  and  at  the  sur-  his  declining  yean,  it  vould  be  hard  to 
"~        '■        ■■-•  ..„.  .   ^jij^  gf  ^  reputation  at 

1  K  hollow,  or  of  a  public 
i  \809the  Btetnplion,     exialence  ao  barren  of  real  aenricei  'd 

„ ^manded  bv  Capt.  Samuel  Warrrn,     mnnkind.    M.  de  Chateaubriand  vu  bom 

^ra>  Bltochcd  to  the  Baltic  fleet ;  and  on  in  the  year  1769,  liLe  »  many  othen  of 
the  7th  of  July  Mr.  Purchas  «er>'cd  in  her  the  men  who  were  deitined  to  play* 
barge  at  the  capture  and  destruction  of  prominent  part  in  the  gigantic  labours  of 
•CTen  Ruuian  gun-boata,  a  large  armed  tho  last  generation.  Amongst  the  ample 
■hip,  and  twelve  tranaporti,  neai  Percola  list  of  his  immediate  contemporaries  we 
Point,  in  llie  Gulf  of  Finland.  Captain  find  the  great  cs^itaini,  Ihe  stateimen,  die 
Purchat  commanded  seveml  vessels  since  poets,  who  were  to  inaugurate  the  nine- 
'*"  peace,  and  in  IR34  nas  appointed  to  teenth  century  upon  the  ruins  left  by  the 
E»i,aO,  on  the  African  station,  where  first  French  revolution.  They,  in  their 
ne  captured  nine  Brazilian,  Dutch,  and  various  paths,  diacbarged  that  last ;  but 
Spanish  veaaela,  with  2249  slaves,  between  whilal  they  conquered  nalioDs,  governed 
July  17,  1825,  and  Feb.  8,  1827.  On  mankind,  or  adorned  their  age,  M.  de 
the  arrival  of  Ihe  EM  at  Spithea^.  she  Chateaubriand  remained  fiuthful  to  hii 
location.  We  may  describe  it  in  a  nngia 
vord.  Hewasthe  knlfiht-errant  of  modem 


he  iquadroi 
darch  13,  It 


the  peao 
thefiiA, 


was  visited  by  King  George  the  Fourth 

and  his  Koyal  Highness  the  Lord  High 

Admiral,  who  personally  complimented  Kuropc,  who  won  and  wore  his  Iropbies 

hor  gallant  commander  far  his  brilliant  and  favours  on  his  own  peison.     A  fervid 

deeds.     He  was  immediately  promoted  to  itnaginslion — an   animated   style,   whidi 

the  rank  of  Post  Captain,  and  appointed  seemed  impaiaioned  in  comparison  with 

to  the  Roval  Adelaide,  ISO  gunk  the  frigid  models  of  Ihe  French  empire — 

—  In  St.  Jsmes's-cquare,  aged  64,  the  a  spirit  which  was  more  chivalrous  and 
Right  Hon.  Henrietta  Frances,  Countess  bold  than  discreel  and  reeolure — and  a 
de  Giey.  She  was  the  youngest  daughter  sympathy  for  the  improtemeut  of  the 
of  William  Willoughb^,  firat  EatI  of  En-  age,  united  to  a  veneralton  for  Ihe  tDBJetfie 
nislrillen,  and  was  married,  in  1805,  to  Ihe  traditions  of  the  past,  gave  lo  AT  de 
Earl  de  Grey  (then  Lord  Grantham).  Chateaubriand  a  potent    influence   over 

—  At  Ramsgate,  aged  78,  Lady  Wood,  the  minds  of  men  at  aome  of  Ihe  most 
widowof  St  Akithew  Wood,  hart.  Alder,  remarkable  moments  in  history.  When 
man  of  London.  Ihe  storm  of  the  first  French  revolution 

4.  At  Paris,  in  bb  80th  year,  Framiola  had,  fur  that  time,  blown  over,  the  young 

Augusle,  Vicomtede  Chateaubriand,  Peer  Breton  emigianl,  who  liad  retired  from 

of  France  and  Member  of  the  Inalltute.  the  army  of  Condf,  after  the  uege  of 

"  The  lilb  and  adventures  of  the  Viscount  Thioniille,  to  the  wilds  of  Kentucky,  and 

de  Chateaubriand,"  says  an  able  writer  in  subseouenll^  to  a  garret  in  Idndon,  re- 

The  Timet,  "  have  lillcd  so  large  a  space  lumed  lo  hii  native  land ;  and,  after  ten 

in  the   polilica,  the   literature,  and  Ihe  jean  of  Ihe  brutality  and  blasphemy  of 

society  of  France,  during  the  first  thirty  Jacobin  clubs  and  revolutionary  joumalii 

years  of  the  present  century,  and  his  fame  France  was  enchanled  to  strike  a  IHsb 

has  been  peipetuated  by  go  much  of  ra-  vein  of  poetry  in  the  pagei  of  Atok,  and 


APPENDIX    TO    CHRONICLE.  236 

DEATHS.— July. 

lo  nuimc  her  old  &ilh  in  the  pleauog  Louis  XVHI.eipreMed  it,  Ihework  of  an 

Utile  of   (be  '  Geoiiu   of   Cbriftianity '  armvi  lOO.OOOcopietof  it  were  lold  vlth 

(published  in  IBOii).     The  meritof  tbeaa  prodigioui  rspidilj' ;  and,  whilit  tbaallied 

pruductioni  maj  be  extremely  quotion-  forces  oacupied  the  capital  of  Fiance,  utd 

able  lo  foiaignenand  to  poaieritri  hut,  if  brought  hacii  tfae  detcendaati  of  St.Loui>, 

their  author  tiad  not  the  gift  of  raising  an  it  wai  tome  compensalion  that  the  greatert 

imperishable  monument   to   his   literary  master  of  the  ( rench  language,  Intenaely 

&me,  he  hsdiat  1east,theartof  gralilviag,  nalioDal  in  hia  predileclionB  and  hii  de- 

and  aometimea  leading,  the  taite  of  the  fecti,  should  baie  pleaded  the  cause  of  the 

time,  although  the  wreaths  he  profiuelT  Bourbons  in   the  popular  ear.     M.   de 

wore  in  the  lummer  of  his  life  haTe  left  Chateaubriand's  deTotion  to  the  monarchy 

ui  the  fener  flonen  to  Etrev  upon  his  of  (he  elder  branch  wu  chieflr  of  the 

gTBTe.      Bonaparte  was  not  alow  lo  per.  romantiQ  cast.      He  once  styled  himself 

ceive  the  use  which  might  be  made  of  a  >■  royaliit  by  reason,  ■  legilimisl  by  duty, 

pen  io  felicitous  and  so  popular.    Nothing  and  a  republican  by  tasle/  and  his  political 

•as  better  Sited  than  iueh  compoiitlocs  servioes  seem  to  have  been  governed  by  a 

to  assist  in  the  restoration  of  tetters,  of  re-  lingular  conflict  of  these  opposite  motives. 

ligious  observances,  and  of  society ;  but.  He  affected  lo  warn  the  Court  of  Louis 

like  most  of  the  ornoDientB  of  the  Consular  X  VIII.  against  its  relroorade  lendenciei, 

and   Imperial  ligiae,  these   produclioni  yet  he  plunged  it  into  the  shameful  and 

were  of  tinsel  rather  Ihan  of  solid  gold;  impolitic  war  of  1828,  against  the  opinion 

■□d  men  continued  lo  praise  Ihem,  rather  even  of  the  king  himself  i  snd,  whilst  bo 

from  their  original  effisDt,  Ihan  from  any  '""           ■       ->       .-■.         i    -. 
freih  and  pereDniaJ  charm  which  they 
poiieis.     M-  de  Chateaubriand,  honcrer, 

WM  of  too  independent  a  spirit  to  submit  which  had  recalled  the  Comlade  Prove   . . 

lo  the  conditions  of  Bonaparte's  service,  from  hopeless  exile.     The  history  of  ihe 

eipecially  when  it  tras  degraded  by  Irea.  Congress  of  Verona,  as  reoorded  by  his 

cbery  and  stained  with  blood.     Upon  the  own   pen,  suffices  to  stamp  his  official 

murdei  of  the    Duke  d'Enghieo,  he  in~  career   with   the    deepest   oondemnalion. 

■    "             "'  Towards  this  countiy,  and  to  Mr.  Canning, 
with  whom  he  kept  up  the  pretence  of  a 

pnleon  no  more ;  for,  Ibongh  the  young  familisr  cotreipondence,  he  was  false  and 

poet  and  the  emhryo  statesman  might  be  hostile,  though  England  had  nurtured  him 

regarded  as  a  soldier  of  jbrtune,  he  was  at  in  penury  at  odd  time,  and  honoured  him 

least  no  mercenary  retainer.     After  this  at  another  as  the  representative  of  a  prince 

check   in   his   public  career,  he  started  whom  she  had  restored  to  the  throne  of  hit 

on  his  pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  ancestors.  Towards  Kus^a  he  was  cringing 

and  descrnied  in  glowing  colours,  befitting  and  subservient,  and  he  inspired  the  Oo- 

the  part  he  had  assumed,  his  itinerary  vernmeni  of  the  Kestoralioo  with  the  talai 

ftom   Paris  to  Jerusalem,  including  his  scheme  of  regaining  the  frontier  of  the 

return    through    Egypt.    BsrbBry,    and  Rhine  by  the  sacrifice  of  the  East.     To- 

Spain,  where  be  pauufd  to  mourn  in  the  wards  Spain  he  planned  and  practised  a 

balls  of  Grenada  over  the  last  Abencer.  liua  of  policy    more   violent  and    orer- 

noc.     In   IBU  M.  da  Chateaubriand's  bearing  than  that  of  Louis  XIV.  himself; 

political  life  really  began,  and  he  looks  and  the  invasion  of  the  Peninsula,  in  1833, 

prominent  pan  in  theaffainof  hiscouotry  only  ceased  to  be  dangerous  by  becoming 

and  of  Europe  for  the  nett  ten  yuan,  absurd.      Trocadero   was    lo    eBaix    the 

The  vanljy  and  pretensions  which  were  painiiil  recollections  of  Waterloo,  and  the 

harmless  or  merely  ludicrous  in  a  wan-  Dauphin  to  surpass  Ihe  achievements  of 

dering  Knight  of  Letters  became  dan-  Bonaparte.     The   Dauphin  was  as  like 

gerous   aniT  intoleiable    in   a    minister  Bon^iarte  ai  M.  de  Chateaubriand  was 

diarged  with  the   difficult   task  of  con-  like    a  great    s    ' 
■olidAling  an  old  dynasty  on  a  new  basis  ; 

and  accordingly  this  is  the  period  of  M.     ..... 

de  Chaleaubnand'i  life  most  ot)noxiouslo  worse  to  have  Chateaubriand  in  the  cabinet 

the  severity  of  criticism.      Hitii^fiHtin  the  than  in  opposition,  and  he  was  cashiered 

came  of  Ihe  restoied  monarchy  was,  how-  with  singular  asperity  at  two  houn'  notice, 

ever,  perfectly  within  his  competency,  and  Tbe  ei-minister  look  refuge,  however,  in 

brilliantly  successful.     The  pamphlet  en-  the  columns  of  the  Jburwif  du  DfbaU, 

titled  Boo^iajte  and  the  Bourbons  did,  a*  whence  be   directed  a  tiemoidou)  fire 


236        ANNUAL    REG  ISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.- JOLV. 

X'nt  ibe   increiung   tmotr;  and  in-  bcultia  unimpund  to  the  bit  mataent. 

ruice  of  Ibe  paitj  to  which  the  accei-  Hia   lul   illnes,   which   hu   tenDiiwIed 

■Ion  of  Charlet  X.  gave  a  decided  and  &tilly,  Kaa  aa  inBammalion  of  the  lungi. 

ftia]  ucendancf.     From  lhi>  lim«,  how-  H«   hu  left  ten   volumea  of  Memoirs, 

«Ter,  M.  de  Chateaubriand  ma;  be  naid  to  whidi  he  could  nol  be  induced  lo  publiih 

hate   descended  into  the   retirement  of  durins   hia  lifetime,  and  which  will  be 

private  life.     He  lUll  raised  hia  warning  looked   for  with   eager   curioutr-     The 

voice  aninat  the  errors  of  the  Govern.  Monileur  of  July  24  ^vea  Ibe  detail*  of 

ment  Khich  were  leading  to  the  rata-  the  honoun  paid  lo  hu  Ainenl  eonige. 

atrophe  of  1830;  in  Ibe  height  of  that  H.  Ampire,  in  the  Dame  of  the  French 

revolution  he  was  borne  in  triumph  one  Academj.pronouncedaneloquentfLineial 

hour  by  the  men  of  the  bBmcades,  and  [n  harangue,  and  concluded  wilb   (he  fi^ 

(he  next  he  deliveied  hia  last  speech  in  the  lowing  alluiion  to  the  place  of  sepultiue 

Chamherof  Peer)  in  bvoui  of  the  rightsof  which  the  deceased  had  chosen  at  St 

the  Due  de  Bordeaux.      At  that  moment  Malo : — "  Let  him  sleep  in  the  last  refun 

his  expresaion  to  the  Ducheat  de  Beni,  which  he  aelecled  when  alive,  under  the 

*  Madame,  votre  GIs  est  mon   Roi,'  and  crou  which  he  raised  up,  amidst  the  mur- 

liis  pamphlet  ajninsl  the  banishment  of  mura  of  the  wivea  as  Ihey  break  on  the 

the  elder  braneb   of   Iho   royal  bmily,  ahore  which  be  loved,  amidst  the  accents 

nurked  him  oul  a>  the  leader,  or  at  Icait  of  his  own  country  people,  on  the  rude 

llic  champion,  of  Ibe  Legitimist  party —  rock  which  henceforth  will  be  called  Cha- 

but  his  wariiira  was  accomplished,  and  his  teaiibriand'a  Isle.  This  granite  rock  reared 

nUlions  with  the  Pretender  soon  dnin.  its  head  before  the  laal  conrulsioni  which 

died  down  into  $,  harmlen  and  not  un.  burled  our  maunlains  into  the  briny  flood< 

plesiing  miiture  of  loyalty,   poliieneis,  tuniedlhecDur»eofourriveTs,andaltered 

and  devotion.     The  condiliona  through  the  face  of  the  eartb.     When  revolutiona 

which  he  passed  in  life  were  very  varioui ;  of  another  order  shall  have  changed  the 

and  in  his  character  the  enlhiuiaim,  if  nut  coune  of  our  ideas,  reared  new  societies, 

Ihc  true  geniua,  of  »  poet  waa  blended  and  modified  the  fornisof  human  ihougfat, 

with    the   upiralionsi  if   not    the   Axed  this  rock,  the  contemporary  of  ibe  most 

energy,  of  a  statesman.     But  in  all  these  ancient  agta  of  the  world,  will  still  exist 

Ibingi  ihe  world,  and  especially  hia  own  and  preserve  its  precious  depoait.     Butof 

countrymen,  ministered  without  limit  or  this  lam  atill  better  assured,  that  the  Dune 

reatraint  to  hia  inorditiale  vanity ;  he  was  of  Chateaubriand  is  still  mare  inde^lnidi- 

exempted,  by  aome  extraordinary  diapen-  hie  than  thia  granite,  and  will  rise  above 

tatian.  from  ihe  satirical  judgmenta  and  the  succeeding  tidea  of  ages,  which  are 

Ihe  oblivion  of  a  society  fertile  in  censure  incessantly  encroaching  upon  us,  and  each 

and  prone  to  forget  past  merit,  until  his  day  engulfing  aome  summit  of  the  past  in 

last  yeara  were  spent,  aa  it  were,  in  the  the  deluge  of  oblivion  I" 

lanctuBty  of  literal;  ftme,  and  the  Rreslest  A.  At  the  Rev.  B.  B.  St  John's,  Ide- 

of  contemporary  repulaliona  were  held  to  ford  Rectory,  a^ed  91 ,  TbeophiU,  relict  of 

be  hut  secondaiy  to  that  of  Chatesubriand.  Robert  Lovell  Gwalliin,eEq.,of  Plymoulb, 

An  annuiiT  of  1000/.  ■  year,  derived  froin  and  last  turriring  niece  of  Sir  Joafaua 

the  sale  of  his  posthumous  memoirs,  sup-  Reynolds. 

plied  him  with  the  means  of  subaislence;  U.   In  Charles-street,  Berkeley-square, 

and,  having  lived  through  one  entire  cycle  Anne,  wife  of  Richard  Prime,  esq.,  M.  P., 

of  the  great  revolution  of  hia  country,  he  of  Walberton,  Sussex. 

CKptreiralm<ial  at  the  moment  when  soma  —  At  BIyton,  aged  S3,  Louis,  youngest 

of  the  molt  terrible  scenes  of  his  early  son  of  the  fate  Sir  James  Rivet!  Carnac, 

voulh  were   renewed   in   llie  streets  of  hart. 

Paris.     The  French  people  have  singled  7.  At  Vichy,  in  Fiance,  in  his  63nd 

him  out  for  honour  riooe  of  all  the  writers  year.  Sir  Joseph  Do  Courcy  LaAn.bart., 

of  the  empire  and  the  servants  of  the  of  Otham,  Kent,  K.H.,  M.D.and  LL.D. 

Restoration.     It  is  not  for  us  to  question  He  was  bom  May  8, 1786,  the  third  son  of 

the  merit  of  Iboae  on  whom  such  rewards  Waller  Laffan,esn.,  of  Cashel.     Hiseldest 

are  bestowed  by  their  own  countrymen  ;  brother  waa  the  Right  Rev,  Robert  Lafian, 

but  the  veikeration  professed  fur  ibe  name  Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Cadtel, 

of  M.  de  Chateaubriand  will  imt  be  shared  who  died  in  1833.     Having  graduated  at 

by  the  whole  of  Europe."  M.de  Chateau-  Edinburgh,  he  was  appointed  succenively 

Niaitd,  allbough  for  a  long  time  in  a  de-  Phyudan  lo  the  Forces  in  Ihe  Peninsula 

dining  stale  M  health,  retained  bis  mental  War,  and  Physician  in  ordinary  to  Ibe  lata 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  237 

DEATHS Jolt. 

Duleof  Kent.    He  wu  created  a  baroiieE  15.   En  hii  TMyear,  Mr.  John  Brua- 

of  the  United  Kingdam  bj  patent  dated  ton,  a  once  celebrated  coffledUo.fklbcr  of 

March  15,  1828 1  and  in  1839  he  waa  (he  Hell-kDoon  >ctrew,  Mrs.  Yatet,  and 

Dominated  a  Knight  of  Ibe  Hanoierian  brottwr   to    ihc    Dairager   Counlea  of 

Guelpbtc  Order.  Craven. 

8.  At  the  Cronm  Inn,  Lfndhuril,  —  At  Eut  Beigholt  Lodge,  Sarah 
Richard  FiU-George,  Due  de  Slacpoole,  Perring,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Sir  Richard 
of  Monlignj.Lencoup,  in  Ihe  department  Hughea,  bart. 

of  Ihe  Seine  and  the  Mame,  Fnace,  and  IS.   In  liii  70th  jear,  Court  Graoville, 

of  GJuahayei.  in  the  counlv  of  Hants.  esq.,  of  Calitich  Abliej,   co.   Stafford,  a 

—  At  Rotherham,  Mr.  John  Stephen-  deputy  lieutenant  and  mnftjitrate  for  Ihe 
ion,  railway  contractor.  Bj  the  force  of  countiei  of  Sbflbrd  and  Waroicit.  He 
natural  talent,  aided  by  indiialry  and  in-  wai  Ihe  >on  of  Bernard  D'Enei,  esq.,  of 
tegrity.he  raiied  hinuelf  from  Ihe  potllion  Il^gley,  co.  Wore,  and  Welleibome,  co, 
of  a  hunible  artiian  lo  the  charge  of  tome  Warwick,  and  aasumcd  Ihe  name  of  Omi- 
of  (he  mou  gigantic  uadertaliingi  in  the  viile  In  1S26,  on  inheriiing  tiie  eatalet  of 
kiogdora.  hia    unde    the    Rev.    John    Granville, 

9.  Mr.  Thomaa  Henrr  St-aly,  one  of  M.A.  (previously  D'Ewei).  of  Calwich 
those  many  labourer*  in  Inc  field  of  lilera-  Abbey. 

lure  whose  personal  dialindioni  bear  no  19,    Aged   74,   Ann,  widoiv   of   Mr. 

juel  proportion  Id  the  auouat  of  their  Cobbett.  M.  P.     Her  body  was  conveyed 

labour,  because  they  ivork  under  cover  of  lo    Fvnbam,  in    Surrey,  and   lliere  dc- 

llie  anonynioui  as  contributors  to  periodical  poiiled  in  Ihe  nine  spot  nhere  those  of 

22.   At  his  seat,  RockbaiMn,  co.  Linie- 
rick,  the  Right  Hon.  SUndiih  O'Gndy, 

of  poetry,  cniiiled  "The  Little  Old  Man  second   Viwount   Guillamore   of   Caher 

in  iTie  Wood."     For  many  yean,  up  ti"  "  '"                   '     "                      ' 
1843.  Mr.   Sealy  wat  ihe  editor  of  Ih 

Western   Archsological   Magazine,  pub-  Colonel  in  Ihe  ai 

lirhed  in  Bristol  j  and  from  that  time  till  lo   the   Queen.     l)is    lordihip   v 

1847  he  was  the  proprietor  and  editor,  in  eldest  son  of  Standish.  Ihe  firel  Viscount, 

the   same  city,  of  a  weekly  newspaper  late  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer 

called  "  The  Great  Western  Advertiser,"  in  Ireland,  by  Kalberine,  second  daughter 

and   of  "  Seolj's    Western    Miscellany,"  of  the  late  John  Thomas  Waller,  esq.,  of 

in  which   he  wrolc    some  of   liis    best  Castletown,  co.   Limerick,     He  entered 

lalei.     Mr.   Sealy  was  a  contributor  lo  Ihe  army  in  early  life,  and  was  present  at 

many olherpublicalionslhan  thoiealready  the  battle  of    Waterloo.     His    lordship 

mentioned;    and   among   his  numerous  married,    October    IS,    IB28,    Genruiu 

papers  were  some  esteemed  Iran'  '         .....       .»    .   . 

from  several  of  the  Italian  poets.  ^    .    . 

KX    Aged  79,  Richard  Jones,  e«n.,  of  sea,  and  h 

Parliament-street,  Westminster,  and  Mor-  25.    At  his  residence  in  Westboume 

den   Lodge,  Survey,  formerly  one  of  the  Grove,  aged  76,  Mr.  Franfois  Cramer, 

Assistant  Committee  Clerks  of  Ihe  House  This  acccomptished  muudan  was  ibe  ae- 

of  Commons,  and  the   principal  of  Ihe  cond  son  of  William   Cramer,  formerly 

firm   of  Jones   and   Walmisley,  parlia-  leader  of  the  OpeT«  bandi  and  brother  lo 

mentary  wenu.  the    celehrsled    pianist    John    Cramer. 

—  AI  Haverholme  Priory,  aged  39,  the  Franf oit  was  bom  at  Schvtelilngen,  near 
Ri^btHon.  Emily  Georgiana,  Countess  of  Mannheim,  in  1772.  He  nas  early  in. 
Wtnchilsea  and  Nottingham.  strucled  by  an  able  master  in  the  art  of 

12.   At  Graham's  Town,  Retired  Com-  playing  the  violin.     At  the  age  of  seven 

mander  Alexander  Bissetl  (1847).     This  he  left  hia  native  country  to  join  his&ther 

veteran  officer,  on  Ibe  lieutenant  list  for  and  brother,  who  had  settled  in  England. 

nearly  40  years,  was  three  times  wounded  At  seventeen  be  was  placed  in  the  Open 

(from  one  of  which  wounds  his  right  arm  band,  of  which  hU  ttther  was  iben  leader. 

was    permanently   injured),   once   ship-  In  the  coune  ofa  fewyeanhe  rose  in  the 

wrecked,  twice  a  prisoner,  and  engaged  tanks  of  the  orchestia,  and  became  second 

~ilh   Ihe  enemy  in   minor  actions  and  violin  to  liis  fiuher  at  the  principal  con- 


Jane,  eldest  daughter  of  Ihe  Hon.  Berkeley 
Paget,  and  niece  to  Ihe  Marquis  of  Angte- 


238        ANNUAL    REGISTER  1848. 

DEATHS.— AooDiT. 

Nwon  lueeeedcd  bim  at  Ihe  Anf^nt  Con-  —  At  Bui^h  Htll,  aged  S2.  Chulottc, 

cerU  u  leider,  whldi  poM  he  beld  until  wife  of  Fraocn  L'EBUmnge  Aillejr,  e«q. 

hii  retirement  m  1844.     For  itiniy  ^eui  30.  In   A1bert.tfreet,   Regent'i   IM, 

beouilteniBle  leader  nf  the  Philharmcinic  Benjamin  Wot,  eaq.,  joUDgeil  iod  oflba 

Concerti  vilh  Loder,  T.  Cooke,  Weic|i-  late   Benjamia   WeM.   President  of  the 

(el,  &C.     Fian^oia  Cramer  waa  in  active  Rojal  AcedeDj. 
member  of  the  Rojal  Sodetjr  of  Musi- 
ciana,  and  wai  much  reipeded  in   the 

profeMion   a*  ■   klnd-hearled,  generoui  AUGUST. 

26.  On  bo«nl  Ibe  »hip  Earl  of  Dal-  I.  At  Bnuilnea  Cutle,  Domtdiire. 
houtu,  on  pamiige  fhini  Calcutta  to  En|(.  a|;ed  68,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Aiwiudot 
land.  Sir  Henr;  Wilmot  Selon,  knight,  John  Foiler.bart., and  G.C.H., of  Stone. 
Puiane  laige  in  her  Majeilf 's  Supremo  houfie,  co.  Loutli,  a  Pri*7  Councillor  of 
Court  of  Bengal.  The  deceaaed  wai  a  tbe  United  Kingdom.  He  was  tbc  jounger 
King's  scholar  at  Weslminirer,  and  ■  son  of  John  TlioniaB  Foater,  es^,  of 
member  of  Trinitj  College,  Cambridge,  Dunleer,  co.  Louth.  He  was  nominated 
where  he  graduated  B.  A.  1S07,  as  second  a  member  of  (he  Priv;  Council,  Mireh 
Senior  Optime,  M.A.  1810.  He  was  28.1622.  He  wis  fbr  some  time  En'oj 
called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Societf  of  Extraordinsir  and  Miniiler  Plenipoten- 
Lincolnl  Inn,  June  SO,  1909.  In  iaS8  tinrj  to  the  Ring  of  Denmari:,  and  after- 
he  irai  appointed  judge  In  ihe  Supreme  wards  to  the  Court  of  Satilinia,  from 
Court,  Bengal,  and  received  the  honour  which  mission  he  relumed  In  1840.  He 
of  knigbthaod.  was  created  a  baronet  by  patent  dsled 

—  At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged  B9,  Sept.  30,  1891.     He  married  .Mareh  18. 

Susanna,  relict  of  Ihe  late  Thomas  Mills,  1815,  Lady  Atbinla  Jane,  daughter  of  rbe 

esq^of  Saxham  Hall.  Hon.  George  Vei^  Hobart,  and  niter  Id 

29.   In  London,  in  his  65lh  year.  Sir  the  present  Earl  of  Buckinghamshire. 

James  Roupell  Colleton,  Ihe  seventh  bart.  S.  At  Wydale,  Emma,  wife  of  E-  S- 

(1661 )  of  Colleton  Hall,  co.  Deion.   He  Cayley,  esq.,  M.P.,  third  daughter  of  Br 

was  the  eldest  eon  of  Sir  James  Nassau  George  Cayley,  hart. 

Colleton,  the  aiith  baronet,  by  Susanna,  —  At  his  reudence,  Langharo,  Noi- 

daughter   of   William    Nixon,    esq.,    of  folk,  in  hit  56lb  year,  Frederick  Mbiti^ 

Lincoln.      Sir    J.    Colleton    wai    for-  esq..  Captain  R.N.,  C.B.,  and  Chenlier 

roerly  in  the  Staff  Corps,  and  commanded  of  the  Legion  of  Honour,   F.R.S.and 

a    detachment    of    his    coips    to    the  F.L.  3.      Capt.   Manyat  was  descended 

Mediterranean,  in  the  expedillon  under  from  one  of  the   French  refugees  who 

Gen.  Sir  Jamea  Craig,  and  afterwards  to  came  to  England  after  the  massacre  oF  St. 

Naples  and   Calabria.     He  commanded  BBrtbDlomew,  and  was  the  second  son  of 

some  detachments  in  (he  battle  of  Maida,  Joseph   Marryat,   esq.,    of   WimbledoD- 

and  remained  in  Sicily  until  Jan.  1B07.  house,   Surrey,  an  eminent  West   India 

In  1806  he  commanded  a  company  with  merehanl.  Chairman  of  Lloyd's,  and  M-P. 

the  expedition  under  LieuL-General  Sir  for  Sandwich.     He  was  bom  in  London, 

Brent  Spencer  j  joined  the  army  in  For-  July  10.  1792.      In  1806,  he  entered  the 

tugal,  and  was  present  at  the  battles  of  navy  as  a  fint-class  boy,  on  board  the  /«- 

Boleia  and  Vimlera;  and  in  October  of  phietae,  44    guns,   commanded    by   the 

the  same  year  he  accompanied  Sir  John  illuBlrious   Lord    Cochrane.      During  hi* 

Moore's  army  into  Spain,  and  was  present  sersice  under  lliia  galianl  officer,  whidi 

at  the  battle  of  Corunna.     In  December  lasted  till  Ihe  181h  of  Oct.  1809,  he  took 

1610,  heagiinembarkedfbrtbe Peninsula,  part  in  more  than  Blty  enga^menls,  in 

and  WHS  present  at  ihe  ballle  of  Fuentes  which   many  ships  of  war  and  merchant- 

d'Onor,  the  siefre  of  Badajoa.  the  battles  men  were  cut  out,  off  Ihe  coast  of  France 

of  Salamanca.  Nivelle.  and  Toulouse,  and  andin  Ihe  Mediterranean.   Havingchaseda 

the  passage  of  tbe  Bidassoa;  and  in  1615  ship  into  the  BayofAreupon,  which  sought 

he  was  employed  in  the  Netherlands.    He  safely  under  a  battery,  Lord  Cochrane  rC' 

succeeded  lo  the   baronetcy  in  January  soiled  to  cut  h«r  out.  and  young  Marrrat 

1815.      He    married    in    1819,   at    the  was  one  of  ihe  boarding  party.     He  h\- 

Hague,   and   in    1920   at    London,   his  lowed  closely  the  Rnt  lieiitenani,  who 

cousin    Septima    Sexta   Colleton,   third  headed  the  expedition,  and  who  al  length, 

daughter  of    Admiral    Richard   Graves,  after  his  party  had  sustained  a  severe  loss, 

of  Hembury  Port,  DeroDshirc.  succeeded  in  gaimng  Ihe  deck  of  the 


APPENDIX  TO 

DEATH&- 
enemj.  Ha  lud  scarcely  done  so  irben, 
•truck  by  Ibirleen  miubet  btlU,  he  fell 
back  B  cnrpWi  knockiog;  down  hu  foUower 
in  hii  bll,  who  wu  tmnpled  no  uid 
almoM  luffocited  by  hit  thipmates,  wbo, 
burninK  lo  revenge  Ibeir  trader,  ruihed 
fonrard  with  impeluoui  braierj'.  The  Tet- 
k1  captured,  m  euminalion  look  plaice 
of  Ihe  bodiei  of  the  killed  and  wounded. 
Murralwu  numbered  unon^  Ihefbrnier, 
«nd  being  in  ■  slate  of  alupor  was  un- 
able lo  den;  the  doom  auigned  lo  blm. 
He  wai  pronounced  dead ;  "  You  are  a 
liarl"  exclaimed  ihe  orouied  oSicer, — a 
retort  which,  notwitlutaiidin^  ihe  melan- 
cholr  (cene  around,  produced  a  roar  of 
liugnler.  Shoitlj  after  thia  he  was  en- 
aaged  in  a  rather  "  untoward"  enlerprise. 
His  ship  fell  in  with  a  Tenel  of  a  auspi- 
cious appearance.  It  was  under  French 
coloun,  which  it  soon  hauled  down,  show- 
ing DO  oth«n,  and  threatening  to  fire  inio 
the  Ensliih  ship  if  it  sUempted  to  board 
her.  Upon  this,  she  was  boarded  and 
taken,  with  a  lost  of  twenty-ux  killed  and 
wounded  on  her  side,  and  of  sixleeii  on 
ours ;  and  not  till  Ihen  was  it  discorei«d 
that  sbe  was  a  Maltese  priTaleer,  and  a 
ftiend,  who  bad  made  a  like  miMake  in 
supposing  her  opponent  to  be  French. 
After  this  unfortunalo  mistake,  the  Itnpf- 
rintse  proceeded  to  Haiti.  The  road 
from  Barcelona  to  Gerona,  which  latter 

Elace  was  besieged  b}'  the  French,  bad 
een  completely  commanded  by  them, 
An-  they  had  poasesaion  of  the  caille  of 
Mongat.  On  the  31st  of  July,  ISOB, 
Marryat  had  a  hand  in  the  reduction  and 
lerellirg  of  that  fortress.  This  proceed- 
ing greatly  delayedlhe  trBDiminion  of  the 


designed  for  their  operations  In  Catalonia; 
so  much  so,  indeed,  that  on  one  occasion 
the  French  general  was  under  the  necec- 
sily  of  abandoning  the  nhole  of  his  artil- 
lery and  field  ammunition.  During  Ihcse 
operations  he  was  twice  wounded,  and  he 
•  third  lime  luslained  iojuryinthe  defence 
of  Ihe  csstle  of  Roaas,  under  Lord  Coch- 
lane.  On  Ihe  arrival  of  the  Imphiniit 
in  the  bay,  she  perceived  that  the  castle  of 
Trinidad,— the  maintaining  of  ithich  itaa 
essential  lo  the  preservalion  of  the  main 
ftirtresB, — had  been  so  hotly  bombarded 
by  the  enemy,  that  the  British  portion  of 
the  saniion  had  wilhdrawn  front  it.  Lord 
Cochrane,  therefore,  taking  with  him  a 
party  of  officers  and  seamen,  amoogut 
whom  was  Mr.  Marryat,  went  on  shore, 
■nd  defended  the  fbrtrets  for  loine  iteya 


CHRONICLE.  238 

Aooitn. 
—indeed,  unUl  Iba  mBhl  fbrtraa  waa 
taken,  notwithstanding  that  the  castle,  by 
thia  time  a  complete  min,  was  attacked, 
■word  in  hand,  by  1300  chosen  men  of 
Ihe  enemy.  When  Lord  Cochrane  pro- 
ceeded against  Ihe  boom  constructed  by 
(he  enemy,  before  he  sent  In  tbe  fireship 
to  attack  the  French  fleet  In  the  Basque 
RowU,  Mr.  Marryat  was  in  one  of  Ihe  ax- 
ploiion  Teasels,  commanded  by  Captain 
L'ry  Johnson,  which  his  lordship  led  (br 
that  purpose.  For  his  gallanlry  on  that 
occasion,  he  received  a  certificate  fmm 
Capl.  Johnson,  who  brought  his  services 
under  the  notice  of  the  Admiralty,  and 
for  his  whole  conduct  in  the  Mediter- 
tanean  he  was  recommended  in  Lord 
Coch Fane's  despatehea.  Mr.  Marryatwaa 
no  leas  distinguidied  by  hia  gallantrv  in 
preserving  his  ftienda,  than  In  attacking 
his  enemies,  having  four  times  jumped 
OTerboard  to  the  rescue  of  his  comrades, 
under  circumstances  of  uncommon  danger; 
and  once  he  saved  hia  ship  from  ship- 
wreck by  his  daring  intrepidity,  for  which 
actions  his  captains  awarded  him  their  cer- 
tificates. When  he  belonged  to  the 
Spartan,  he  was  put  in  command  of  a 
boat,  and  cut  out  tlie  Moming  Star  and 
Polly,  privateen.  from  Haycock's  Har- 
bour, and  likewise  a  reienue  culler  and 
two  printeen  in  Little  River.  Mr.  Mar- 
ryat oblained  his  promotion  as  lieutenant 
In  1B12,  and  in  the  following  year  was 
appointed  tol'EFniegle,  Captain  J.  Taylor, 
in  Ihe  West  Indies.  In  Jan.  1814,  he 
joined  the  IVewaulle,  SH,  Captain  Lord 
George  Stuart,  and  led  an  eipedilion 
which  was  despatched  lo  cut  out  four 
Tcsreli  off  New  Orleans.  This  he  did 
with  the  loss  of  one  officer  and  twelve 
men.  He  acquired  his  Commander'a 
rank  in  ISIS,  and  in  1830  commanded 
the  Beacon  aloop  at  St.  Helena,  from 
which  he  exchanged  into  the  Botario,  18, 
in  which  i-essel  he  brought  home  dupli- 
cate despatches,  announcing  Ihe  death  of 
Napoleon.  He  was  now  actively  engaged 
in  Ihe  Preienlive  Service,  in  which  be 
effected  thirteen  aeizurrs.  Appointed  lo 
the  Larnt,  IS,  in  March  I82S,  he  sailed 
lo  tbe  East  Indies,  where,  until  tbe  Bur- 
mese war  in  1825,  he  was  fully  employed 
aa  senior  officer  of  the  naval  forcea,  the 
order  of  Commodore  Grant  being  that 
none  should  interfere  with  or  supersede 
him.  Sir  Archibald  Campbell,  the  com. 
mander. in-chief,  wan  received  on  board 
Ihe  Lant  at  Calcutla,  and  Commander 
Marryatledtheitlackal  Rangoon.  When 


240        ANNUAL    REGISTEK,  1848. 

DB  ATH  8— AvsDn. 

Captain  Chtdi,  of  Iba  Aradme,  nliered  "  The  Settlen,'* "  011>  Podiida,"  "  D'oij 

bin  in   S«plember  tS24,  be   had  lo>t  in   Anwric*,"  h  'two  Parti ;  "  HouiaiT 

ncarij  the  nboU  of  bii  •hip'i  compuij.  Violet'*    Adrenlarea,"     lie.      Alt   ihae 

He  DOW  proceeded  to  PenuiR  ind  Cal-  worlu  □l)tained  &  comiderahte  popalvitr. 

cutla,  returainff  to  RinjnMn  in  Decern-  uid  even  giined  the  author  ■  leputatioa 

ber  1^4,  ind  in  [he  Ibllnwing  Frbniir;  vbiuh  very  few  modem  writen  oF  be&aa 

niled  irltl]  tb«  late  Sir  Robert  Sale,  of  hare  lucceedcd  in   acquiring:     but  hit 

lllorioul  roeinor;,  on  an  elpedilion  to  n>-  "  Dialj  id  Annrica"  gave  ffreat  oBence 

duce  the  territory  of  Baaein.     On  hit  on  the  other  nde  of  the  Atlaolit:.     Capt 

retura  In  April,  batini  uicaeafully  per>  Hanjat  married  Catharine,  daughter  of 

formed  bit  periloua  duly,  be  wai  pro-  Sir   Stephen    Sbaiip.    formerij   Ourgf 

moled  to  a  death  Tacancy.aDd  commanded  d'Aflaiioat  the  Courtof  Russia,  bv  whom 

the  Tru,  which,  on  ber  ■rriial  in  Eng-  be  ba*  left  >ix  children.      Tbc  elJeK  ■do, 

land,  be  paid  olT.     Captain  Marrjit  com-  a  lieutenaal  in  the  Royal   Navy,  pernhcd 

manded  the  Ariadnt  in  the  Channel  and  with  neariy  (he  whole  of  hia  crew  in  the 

WeMem  Iilaadt,  Irnni  Not.  1828  la  No*,  wreck  of  Her  Mijeity'i  steamer  Acam 

1830.     Twice  thanked  fbr  hli  aerricei  in  on  the  coast  of  Anica,  which  is  recorded 

the  ButnieK  war  by  the  GoTemor-Oene-  in  cur  •■  Chronide  "  (or  1847. 
rd  of  India,  he  received  three  letters  of        3.  Henry,  eldest  tonof  Robert  William 

thanks   from    Sir    Archibald   Campbell,  Si.   John,   etq^   Her    Majestj's   CoDatd 

commander-in-chief  of  the  forces,  and  General  at  Alttiers. 
was  five  times  recommended  by  him.    He         —  At  Cauicure,  near   Boulogne-wr- 

Kaa  likewise  thanked  for  his  eapedition  Mer,  a^eA  49,  Sir  Nicholas  Harris  NJcn- 

with  Sir  Robert  Sale,  and  wis  three  (imea  las.  Chancellor  and  Knigfit  Grand  Cron 

recommended  and  thanked  by  Cammo-  of  the  loniaD  Order  of  St.  Michael  and 

dote  Coe.     In  June  1825,  he  received  St.  George,  Knight  of  the  Royal  Hano- 

the  decoration  of  C.B.,  and, — an  boaour,  verisn   Guelphic   Order,    a   barrister-al- 

■  record  of  which  mull  not  be  omitted.—  Uw,  anda  Lieutenant  ILN.      Sir  Haifis 

IS  preaenled  with  a  medal  by  that  Nicolas  was  descended  from  a  Breton  &- 

'  le  institution,  ihe  Humane  Society,  mily,  which  came  loEngland  on  ibe  reni- 

j..! J  1. .ertions  to  cationoftheedictof  Nantes,  andsettledst 

In  18ST  Looe  in  Cornwall.  An  authentic  ^bi- 
the  Captain  published  "  A  Code  of  Si^-  logical  histoi^  of  the  family,  contnbutrd 
nals  for  the  Use  of  Ve«e]s  employed  in  by  Sir  Hams,  ii  published  in  Burks'! 
Ihe  Mercbaiit  Service."  That  admirable  Commoners.  Hii  tather,  John  Ham* 
inienlion  Is  now  in  use  in  the  raj's!  and  Nicolas,  was  Commander  RN.  8ir 
mercantile  service,  not  only  of  this  coun-  Harris  wu  bom  on  the  lOlh  of  March, 
try.  but  of  foreign  notions.  He  twice  re-  1799,  Ibe  fourth  of  five  ions.  Hii  eldest 
ceived  the  Ihanka  of  the  Ship-Ownen*  brolher.  CapL  John  Toup  Nicolas,  is  a 
Society  for  it,  and.  the  publication  having  very  dislinEuished  officer  in  the  Rt>J*' 
been  translated  into  French  in  1840,  was  Navy,  a  CD.,  K.H.G.,  and  K.  St.  F.  Sir 
broughi  under  (he  notice  of  Louis  Phi.  Harris  Nicolas  also  passed  bis  early  yean 
llppe,  from  whom  he  received  the  Kold  in  the  navy,  and  he  received  hiscommii' 
CHHS  of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  tn  1329  sion  of  lieutenant  on  the  20th  of  Sept 
Captain  Uorrjat  turned  his  attention  to  1815,  after  active  service  as  midihlDmsn 
authorship,  and  baring  published  "  The  in  Ibe  boats  of  the  Pilot  brig,  whidi  bis 
Naval  Officer,  or  Frank  Mildmay."  the  brother  commanded,  at  the  capture  of 
reception  of  which  save  him  encourage-  several  armed  tesaels  and  convoys  on  the 
meal,  he  set  to  work  with  an  eamealncsa  coast  of  Calabria.  On  (he  28lh  of  March, 
and  a  zeal  which  he  brought  (o  all  his  1822,  he  married  Sarah,  youngest  daugb- 
undertakings.  "  The  King's  Own,"  "  Peter  ter  of  John  Davison,  esq,,  of  Lougfaton 
Simple,"  and  "  Jacob  Faithful"  followed  in  Essex  ;  an  event  which  led  lo  the  pro- 
each  other  in  rapid  succesuon.  To  these  duction  of  his  first  literary  work,  whicb 
he  added,  in  Ihe  course  of  a  few  years,  was  "The  Life  of  William  Davison.  Se- 
"  Jephet  in  Search  of  a  Father,"  "  New-  crelaiy  of  State  and  Privy  Councillor  to 
Ion  Fonter,"  ■•  Midshipman  Easy,"  "  The  Queen  Elliab^h,I82a"  Having  adopted 
Pacha  of  Many  Tales,"  "  The  Pttaclier,"  the  legal  prDfewion,  in  1825  be  wu  called 
"  The  Phantom  Ship,"  "  Snarley  Yow,  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the 
or  Ihe  Dog  Fiend,"  "  Percivd  Keane,"  Inner  Temple.  Shortly  after,  he  ns 
"   Maaterman    Ready,"    "  Poor    Jack,"  elected  a  Fellun  of  Ihe  Society  of  And- 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.  241 

DEATHS— Auaun. 

qiBtriM.     He  ttom  demled  binuelf  almmt  rerien*  in  the  AAtKaum,  Ihe  Speelalor, 

•Dliidj  to  udquariui  Ihenture,  puticu-  uid  the  Qtaritrhi  BrmoB.     In  1631,  he 

Urly  io  Ihe  deputmeDto  of  bittory,  ge-  wu  mmiiialed  a  Kniglit  of  Ihe  HanoTC' 

Bauogy,  and   henUljj,  and   tbc  irorki  rian   Guelphic  Order,  and  «■■  kni|thled 

wiuGb  ha  produced  in  quick  auccenion  on  tbe  I3ui  of  October.     In  Aug.  IB^ 

km  ■iliiiaaat  iiiiiii  lohi*  critical  acumen  be  miappointed  Chancellor  of  tlie  lonicn 

and  hi*  almott  UDpaialleled  indutirr  i  ef  onlerof  St  Miclml  and  SI.  Oeorfce,  of 

Mhid  Ibe  fellowiDg  are  ibe  priDCi|Ml  i—  which  bj  tbe  atatuiei  the  Chtncellor  wai 

"NotiliaHiiloiica;"  "A  Catalogue  of  ihe  Senior  Knight  Comniander;  and  he  <«■ 

H(nUa'Vintationi;""ASjnopdiof  Ihe  afleniankin  1840  adianoedta  tbe  grade 

IVen|^  of  Englend ; "  "  Tetfamenla  Ve-  of  Grand  CroH  bv  Her  Hajei^,  in  ac- 

tw(a|"  "  HiMoty  of  tbe  Battle  of  Agin-  kDOKtedgmenl  of  the  lerticea  bebad  ren- 

coOTt,  aadof  the  Expedition  of  Henry  V.  dered  in  nuUenieUlinglothe  Order.   Aa 

into  Praooe,  with  Ibe  Roll  of  ihe  Meu-al-  a  banitler,   Ibe  bunnel*  of    Sir   Hairii 

Anna  in  the  Engiiih  Army,"  1^7;  "  A  Nicolai  wai  confined  (o  daiou  of  peerage 

Chninicle  of  London,  from  lOSSlo  1489,  before  the  Houte  of  Lotda. 

writim  in  the  SIteenth  century,"  fiom  —  Aged  74,  Edward  Bainea.  e*q.,  • 

MSS.  in  Ibe   Brilidi  Idueum  i   "  The  tiBgirtnie  for  Ibe  We«t  Riding  of  York- 

StalDtei  of  Ihe  Order  of  the   Guetphi,  ahire  and  the  town  of  Leeds,  and  fomwriy 

bandited  iiom  Ihe  origioal  German,  wiih  M.  P.  for  that  borough.     Mr.  Balnea  waa 

Introductory  Remark*,"  18SS,4lo;  "The  Ibe  ion  of  humble  parents,  and  wu  *p- 


f  the  Order  of  the  ThlMle,  nwnticed  to  a  Mr.  Wil^,  a  printer, 
with  a  Hittoiy  of  the  Order,  and  Catk-  WbrehiatenD  of  apprenliceihip  expired, 
logue  of  Ibe  Knigbta,"  1838,  i\o;  "  Pri-     be  remOTcd  to  Lcedi  for  Iroprotement, 


a  of  Sir  Kenelm   Dioby;"  and  entered  that  town  u  apoorjoumeT> 

**  Thit  Si^e  of  CarlaTerock,  in  uie  28  man  printer  leeking  hi>  fortunea.     He 

Edw.  L  Anno  1300;"  "  A  Roll  of  Amu  uon  en^caged  himielf  wilh  Ihe  publidwn 

ol  PeeiB  and  Knights  in  tbe  reign  of  Ed-  of  the  Letdt  Mtmry,   wilh   whom    he 

wsrrltfae  Second;"  "Rolliof  AnniiOf  tbe  nrved  Ihe  remainder  of  bis  time.     In  tbe 

(dgna  of  Henrf  IIL  and  Edward  III.,"  year  1801,  Mr.  Baine*.  bythe  aid  of  local 

188A  8io  i  "  Report  of  Prooeedinga  on  fiiends  wlu)  knew  «od  prited  his  great  in- 

tbe  Claiin  to  ibe  BaionToT  Liileln  the  duitry  and ihrilt  wMonablcd  to  purchase 

UouMi  of  Lords ; "   "  Merooira  of  Lady  the  paper  on  which  he  had  worked— and 

Fanihawe)"  "  The  Priiy  Putie  ElpeuOi  thus,  at  theiga  of  twesty-aeten,  the  com- 

of  Elinbelh  of  York,  and  (he  Wardrobe  poailor  became  the  pnprietor.     Owing  lo 

Aocounl*  of  Edward  llie  Fourth,"  1831,  thii,  the  Ltedt  Mvcaiy,  from  being  a 

8ro ;   "  The   Contioveriy   between    Sir  local  journal  of   imall  dimeailons  and 

Ricbard  Scnipe  and   Sir  Robert  Groa-  fcablepower.auddcnlyacquiredan  exlen- 

veuor  in   Ibe   Court  of  Chivalry,  a.d.  aiTe  political  influence  in  the  north  of 

]986~138Q,"1832;  '•  Report  of  Proceed-  England,  and  from  llwt  time  to  the  Jpresent 

Inga  on  the   Claim  of  tbe   Earldom  of  it  hai  uniformly  maintained  the  pnndplea 

DemM  in  tbe  Uoun  of  Lords;"  "Tbe  of  aril  and  reliEioiMliberty  with  leal  and 

CbroDolon  of  History ;""  A  Treatise  on  eoiuistency.    Mr.  Balnea  suggciled  to  the 

theLawof  Adulterine  Baatardj;""Livei  freehdden  of  tbe  county  of  York  Ihe 

of  Isaak  Walton  and  Chariea  Cotton  t"  propriely  of  tetuminff  Henry  Brougham 

*  HisbnT  of  the  Orders  of  Knighthood  of  lo  hriiament,  which  waa  done  at  the 

Ibe  Btituh  Empire,  and  of  tbe  Order  of  eteclion  of  1890.     Lord   Morpeth,  too, 

tbeGuelpbtof  Hino>eri'"'Hi«orToflhe  aod  Mr.  Maoauiay,  in  tbe  same  manner, 

fiaridoina  of   Smtbem,   Mooleitb,  and  owed  ibdr  first  elections — Ibe  one  for  the 

Airlh  ; "  "  The  De^iatchea  and  Leilen  af  West  Kding  and  the  other  for  Leeds— 

Adm.   Lord  Viaconnt    Nelson,"    1844;  mainly  to  bu  personal  er—*' —  — '  ■- 


■*  Tbe   History  of   tbe    British    Naiy,"  lluence.      On   Ibe  appoiniment  of   Mr. 

2  Tob.  8to,  (unfinished)-     On  this  Isat  Macaulay  lo  an  official  poil  in  India  in 

— L  -_j  :_  .™_.jj^  f^  publication  tbe  Dec.   1^3,  Mr.  Bunca  was  solicited  by  a 

ion  Lowe(GOTenK)r  of  large  majority  of  tbe  eleclor)  to  become  a 

',  tbe  imprisonment  of  candidate  fiir  ihe  lepreaentation  of  Leeds. 

■a  enwed  until  within  He  accepted  the  inritalion,  and,  defealiaK 

h.     lDlS2Gbe  joined  SirJohnBeckelt,LoTdSidmouIh'e1atepn- 


id  in  arranging  tor  publication  tbe  Dec   1833,  Mr.  Batnca  was  solicited  by  a 

paperaof  Sir  Hudaon  Lowe(OofenK)r  of  large  majority  of  tbe  eleclor)  to  become  a 

8t  Helena  duiing  tbe  imprisonment  of  candidate  fiir  ihe  lepreaentation  of  Leeds. 

Buonaparte),  be  was  er -i--.M->.ir_  ..  ..... 

a  week  of  bis  death.     ^ ., 

Benry  Soulheni,  eaq.,  H.A.,  in  the  editor-  Tate  secretary,  was  Irinmpbanll;  tetur. , 

•falpof  the  "  Asfmapecfin  ilcnne."     He  witbont  cost  to  hlmaeK  on  those  prindplea 

•flennida  conlribuled  oocaaioikdiy  to  ibe  of  puril]'  of  election  which  he  bad  so  long 


Vol.  XC. 


242        ANNUAL    RE 

DEATHS.- 
•ud  Ki  ilranuauilj  kdroealed.  In  Piriia- 
ment  Mr.  Bainei  wu  eniinenll}'  dlitin- 
guithed  by  ihe  Grra  ind  coniiMent  mun- 
tcnuice  of   bli  principle!,  and  bii  inde- 

C'eDce  endeared  him  la  hi*  politic«I 
ik.  Old  conaunded  ihe  mpect  of  hi* 
oppoDcnli.  He  wu  canitdered  aa  repre- 
•enling  in  PirlUment  the  opiniooa  and 
Intereati  of  the  Dinenten.  Al  ihe  close 
of  ike  Melbourne  AdmiDiitntion  in  1B41> 
Ur.  Bunem,  tiho*e  beilth  hul  mSered 
IroiD  bw  uDceuing  exerlioni,  i*ilbdre« 
from  tbo  repreKDUIioD  of  Leed*,  afker 
luTing  held  that  diui[^iihed  pontioa 


duringlhreeiuaceMiveiHrliuiwDli.  Inn- 
tiring  from  bii  public  Julie*  oi  >  member 
of  parlitment,  Mr.  fitine*  never  contem- 

Ced  an  idle  or  lueleu  life.  Alrtwljbe 
appealed  a*  the  aulhor  of  two  moit 
valuable  worli*;  one,  "  The  Hiitory  of 
Ihe  War*  of  the  Preoch  Revolution," 
which  wai  aubaequently  made  to  embrace 
a  wider  ran^e,  and  betsme  a  "  Hittorr  of 
the  Reign  of  Georve  HI.;"  and  the  other, 
a  work  of  national  importance,  being  a 
moat  elaborate  "  Hiitor;  of  the  Countj 
Palatine  of  Lancatler."  in  four  volume* 
4la.  Ilie  origiDal  form  of  tlie  latter  was 
a  "  Hiataiy,  Gazetteer,  Directory,"  Ice., 
printed  «l  Liverpool  in  two  octavo  vo- 
lutnea,  1825.  The  larger  work  wa*  puh- 
lithed  in  part*,  and  wai,  in  aome  meaiure 
at  leait,  Ihe  work  of  other  band*,  under 
Mr.  Bainei'*  tuperinlendence. 

4.  In  Stratford-place,  aged  82,  Sir 
GiAin  Wilion,  knt.  a  bencher  of  Lin- 
coln'* Inn,  and  late  one  of  Ihe  Maalers 
of  the  H«h  Court  of  Chancery.  Hena* 
Ihe  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Ednanl  WilKO. 
He  waa  called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon. 
Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  Jan.  30,  1769 ; 
and  attained  the  grade  of  King'*  Counul 
in  Hilary  Teem,  1819.  He  wai  for  forty 
yean  Recorder  of  Windsor,  in  which  ca- 
pacilj  he  received  Ihe  honour  of  knight- 
hood from  King  George  ihe  Fourth,  in 
1SS8.  HaiinKbeenforsomelimea  Com- 
:r  of  Bankrupts.  Sir  Giffin  wa* 


.    t*  nf  the  London  concert*. 

—  Calharine  Juliana,  wife  of  Sir  Ed- 
ward Dolman  Scolt,  bart.,  of  Great  Bar 
HalL  She  wa*  the  cideit  daughter  and 
co-heir  of  Sir  Hu^  Bateman,  bart 

—  At  St.  Germain -en- Laye,  near 
Pari*,  aged  70,  Lady  Matilda  Jane  Locke, 
widow  of  LicuL-Oen.  John  Locke,  and 
|i*ter  to  the  Ute  Earl  of  Devon. 


GISTER,  1848. 

, — Adquit. 

5.  At  BeliDont,  aged  SB,  Jamei  HMtli 
Leigfa,  esq,,  a  deputy  lieuL  and  magi». 
trate  of  the  county. 

7.  At  Slockbolm,  in  hi*  6Slh  yev, 
BeneUua,  Profesaor  of  Chemistry  in  tbe 
Univeiuly  of  Upsaia,  Secntary  to  tlw 
Academy  of  Sciencea  of  StockboUu,  Pel- 
low  of  the  Ronl  Socie^  of  Landoo,  aiiil 
an  Hon.  Member  of  the  Cambridge  Phi- 
losophical Society.  In  a  centuir  whidi 
hi*  pmduced  a  grealra  number  of  distin- 
guiitied  chemists  than  pcAap*  of  any 
other  dan  of  men  of  sdenoe,  Beneliu* 
stood  out  as  a  star  of  the  Ural  nuignitud& 

ii  patient  laboun  and  lagBdouB  invciti- 

tioDi  hate  done  more  lolaytbe  fbonda- 
tion*  (if  organic  chemistry  than  tboae  of 
any  other  cheiniat.  To  him  mote  [ban 
to  any  other  man  belongs  the  honour  of 
applymg  Ihe  great  principle*  whicfa  bad 
been  eslabliihed  by  Dallon,  Davy,  Wol- 
laHon,  Gay-Lussac,  and  himaelf,  in  inoc- 
ganic  cbemiitry,  to  unfolding  the  lam 
which  regulate  tbe  combinalioni  fbmiing 
the  atructuni*  oftba  animal  and  ve||e<ab)e 
kingdom*.  Beneliui  wa*  bom  on  tbe 
39lh  Aug.  1779,  in  the  village  of  Vlfn-r. 
sunda,  in  CMgothland,  where  hi*  faths 
kept  the  parid  school.  At  the  age  of 
*ovenleen  he  commenced  hi*  studies  at 
the  University  of  Upsaia,  hoping  lo  qualify 
himself  for  the  medical  profeauon.  The 
bent  of  Benelius'*  mind  led  him  to  tbe 
study  of  the  chHoiml  branch  of  bis  pro- 
fcMion,  and  although  chemistry  wa*  held 
in  very  low  esteem,  his  patient  laboun 
made  him  a  very  eicellcnt  manipulalor. 
In  ihe  year  1798  he  paacd  hi*  pbiloao- 
pbical  examination,  as  preparatory  to  tlie 
final  one,  for  M-D.  At  tliis  time  he  leR 
the  Universi^i  and  in  1799  he  wa* 
assistant  to  ur.  Hedin,  mperintendent 
physician  of  the  mineral  waters  of  M^vi. 
Hi*  fir«t  published  ewy  was  a  diasena- 
tion,  in  conjunction  with  Ekeberg,  on  these 
mineral  waters.  He  underwent  ihe  exa- 
mination for  a  licence  to  pracliie  medidne 
in  1801,  and  graduated  at  Upsaia  on  the 
a4th  of  May,  1804.  On  leaving  Upsaia, 
Benelius  repaired  to  Stockholm,  where 
he  became  assistant  to  Andrew  Spaumau, 
who  sailed  with  Conk  in  one  of  his  voy- 
age* round  the  world,  and  was  then  pro- 
fe*ior  there    of   medicine,   bolany,   and 


diueitation  on  galvanism  and  other  papen, 
had  already  obtained  for  himself  a  suBH- 
cientdqtree  of  confidence  lobe  aopmnled 
hit  successor.  Although  this  chair  em- 
braced s  very  wide  nmge  of  nibjecti,  •* 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  243 

DEATHa— Amobt. 
nu  flreqnenil;  Ibe  cue  irith  SicedUb  oiiu.  In  1837  U  received  ibe  Great  Gold 
chaira  at  that  time,  Berzelnis  more  eepe-  MeiUI  oF  the  Koyal  Acsdemy  of  Stock- 
dally  ileioted  himself  to  chemistry.  It  holm,  and  in  1840  the  Diet  of  Sweden 
does  not  ^peir,  indeed,  that  he  gave  any  roted  him  a  pension  of  2000  dollan  per 
lectures  on  botany,  eicepi  at  the  Military  annum.  The  scientific  socictiei  of  Europe 
College  of  Cwibera,  where  be  al»o  held  and  America  contended  for  the  honour  of 
an  ap|>oinlmenl  u  lecturer.  Dut^ns  the 
early  peiind  of  hia  residence  at  Stockholm  „    , 

N  practised  the  proteision  of  medicine,  wai  connecled.                                    --_  . 

■nd  in  1607  was  mainly  instntmenlal  in  Charles  John,  behind-hand  in  recognisms 

fbnninft  Ihe  Medical  Society  oF  that  capi-  the  mosl  distinguished  of   his    Copied 

tal.     In  1810  he  was  made  President  of  countrymen.   In  1815  Beneliui  was  made 

the  Koyal  Academy  of  Sciencei  at  Stock-  a  Knight,  and  in  1821  a  Knight  Com- 

bolm,  and  in  the  same  year  received  the  mander,  of  Ihe  Order  of  Vasa.     In  1829 

•ppotntment  of  Assenor  of  the  Medical  he  received  Ihe  Grand  Cross,  and  in  1835 

Coilege,  and  wis  made  a  member  of  the  Bas  made  a  Baron.    The  intelligence  of 

Royal   Sanitary   Board.      At  this  time,  this  honour  was  conveyed  to  Beneliua  by 

though  scarcely  more  Chan  thirty  years  of  the  hand  of  the  King,  who  wrote  himself 

T,  he  had  obtained  great  reputation  as  a  a  letter  inlimaling  bis  deep  sense  of  Ibe 

mist      He  had  published  a  work  on  merits  of  (he  philosopher,  and  eipressing 


animid  chemistry,  containing  many  ori-  a  hope  that  in  this  nomination  the  world 
ginal  investigations  on  the  Quids  of  the  would  recognise  a  homage  paid  to  the 
animal  body,  and  nhich  was  subsequently     man  who  had  consecrated  his  1 


iislBted-~aa,  indeed,  have  been  most  of  useful  researches  which  bad  been  already 

niB  works — into  almost  every  language  of  recOKniscd  by  Europe,  and  which  it  was 

Europe.      In   conjunction   with   Hismger  iheeloryof Swedentobesbleloappronriate 

he  commenced,  in  IBOS,  the  publication  as  (he  patrimony  of  one  of  her  children, 

of  a  periodical  work,  entitled  "Afhaud.  This  letter  was  sent  to  Beizellus  on  hit 

linear  i    Fy»k,    Keim,  neb   Mineialogi,"  wedding-day.      How  lew  men  of  science 

which  contained  a  series  of  papen  by  have  married  with  a  patent  of  nobility  on 

himself,  constituting  some  of  the   most  the  breakfast  table  1     Sweden  had,  hotr- 

Taluable  contributions  that  had  yet  been  ever,  yet  one  more  ovation  for  her  beloved 

made  to  analytical  chemistry.    His  Uboura  son.      In  184.1  he  bad  been  a  quarter  of  ■ 

were  regarded  as  of  so  much  importance  cenluiy  Secretary  to  the  Acsdemy,  and 

by   the    Royal    Academy  of   Stockholm,  on  this  occasion  a  festival  was  given  in  his 

that  that  body  decreed  him,  in  tSIl,  200  honour.     The  Crown-Prince  was  in  the 

dollars  yearly  for  his  chemical  researches,  chair,  and  aportralt  of  the  chemist,  panted 

In  1812  Benelius  visited  England,  where  by   LieuL-Cal.  Lodemark,  was  presented 

be  was  moat  cordially  received      In  that  to   the    Academy.       In    addition   t-    "'■- 


year  he  communicated,  through  Dr.  works  already  mentioned,  he  published  a 
Harcet,  a  valuable  paper  to  the  Medico-  "  Manual  of  Chemistry,"  which  went 
CbiruTgicsl  Society  of  London,  "  On  the     through    scveial   editions,   that  of   1841 


Composition  of  the  Animal  Fluids."     In  consisting  of  ten  volumes,  and,  we  believe, 

1818  he  visited  France  and  Germany,  and  another  larger  edition  has  wnce  been  pub- 

in  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  Secre-  lished.      In    1822    he   commenced    Ihe 

tary  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences — a  poet  publication  of  an  Annual  Report  on  the 

which  he  held  till  bis  death.     In  1831  he  Progress  of  the  Physical  Sciences,  which 

was  allowed  to  retire  from  the  active  du-  has   been    published   every  year    to   the 

ties  of  his  professorship  at  the  Caroline  present  time.     These   volumes   are  the 

Institute,  but  be  still   held  Ihe  tjlle  of  most  valuable  record  of  chemical  research 

bonorory  professor.     Up  'lo  this  time  he  eilant,  and  contain  a  fiill  report  of  the 

bad  resided  in  aparlments  provided  for  discoveries  that  have  made  the  period  lo 

him  at  the  building  occupied  by  Ihe  Aca-  which  (hey  relate  to  remarkable  in  the 

demy  of  Sciences,  where,  on  the  same  history  of  chemistry.     From  1806  lo  1818 

Boor,  be  had  his  siudv  and  laboratory,  so  be  published  wi(h  Hisinger  the  periodical 

that  he    could  with  lilllc    difficulty  pass  before  mentioned ;  and  in  these  volume* 

from  his  desk  lo  his  crucible,  and  huiband  are  forty-seven  papers  by  Beraelius,  all 

his  lime  to  the  greateiit  possible  extent,  giving  an  account  of  original  researches 

He  now,  however,  moved  to  a  house  of  by  himself.     In  addition  to  these  he  has 

his  own,  and  in  1B35  married  a  daughler  published  works  on  galvsnitm,  on   aiia- 

of  Ibe  town-councillor  (StaalB-rMh)  Pop,  lylical  chemistry,  on  miiwralogy,  and  ' 
R  2 


244        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  184S. 

DEATHS— A  oaotn. 

TUt  numlNr  of  pipcn  id  Tsrioui  Traiu-  the  entira  wuit  of  experimHilal  (bond^ 

■ctiom.    The  nuna  of  Beneliue  hu  been  lion,  mi  even  wane  than  luelea.     tht 

•o  inlimitelj  connected  inth  the  hiitarj  compouiidi  found  in  plant*  and  aoiisal* 

of  chemUtrj  for  the  lut  fonj  jcan,  ih^  nere   not  •uppowd  lo   come  irithiD  the 

it  n  difficult  to  give  in  few  vonlt  an  ade-  eiteaory  to  which  the  lawi  of  combiiialion 

ouale  idea  of  the  influence   nrhich   hia  ippliedi  Berteliui  ni  the  fim  to  iboir 

diicoTeriei  and  general  iiatiotu  have  exerted  thu  these  lawi  could  be  applied  to  animal 

upon  the  idence.    To  bim  it  ii  indebted  and  Tegetable  producta  j  and  in  lo  dtUBg 

fiir  the  difcoveryofieTenl  new  elementary  he  opeaed  the  way  for  the  diacoTerie*  m 

bodiea.  mora  OHiecially  Klenium,  morium,  Mulder,   Liebig,    Dumaa,    BouMJnfiaaU, 

and  cerium.      He  firK  demonitialed  the  and  othera.      Ai  a  tlulKil   manipulalor, 

add  nature  of  alica.  andwai  thui  enabled  Beraelimbai  had  fewequali  in  the  hiitocj 

to  throw  ligbt  OD  the  comuwitioD   of  a  of  cbemiitry.      To  thU  we  ore  indebted 

terie*  of  inleretting  minenl  compoundi  for  the  imnieDN  varietj,   number,  and 

of  ailica  witli  (he  metallic  oiide>.     Tbia  luccen  of  bia  analvse*.      Many   of  the 

■ubaequentl*  led  lo  a  whole  re-arrange-  analytical  nrocease*  in  uae  at  the  preienl 

ment  of  Tnineral  bodiea,  and  conltibuted     ■' —  ' ■— ''  ■'■~-  — '" -■'■  '■'— 

BTntly   tn   the   advance  of   mineralo^. 

Hii  (UKOTery  of  aeleniuni  led  bin  to  iH'  ,      .                        .       . 

Tcst^ale  Iti  tarioui  compoundi.  and  com-  a  magiitrala   for   Olouceaterabire. 

paf«  them  with  the  aulphureta.     Ilieae  SampKin  wu  bom  Aug.  15.  177S,  the 


inieMi^lion*  again  renilted  in  bii  Dene-  younger  ion  of  Edward  aampaon.  taq..  oF 
ralilalioni  on  the  nature  of  the  •uTphur  Henbury,  Shetilf  of  Glouccatenbire  in 
■alta,  and  anewclaMiflcation  oFlheTarioua      '  '  ,...■.  .l. 

■alti.     Subaeouenlly,  he  inieatigated  the 
compound!   of  Quorine,   and   arrived   at 


■alta,  and  a  new  claMiflcation  oFlheTarioua      177B.  and  lueceeded  to  Henbury  oi 

■  •..-•-      ■ 'er  brother,  John  &nii 

.  in  183 
Sheriff 
;  hii  Ion 

writing  the  fini  edition  of  hii  "  Manual  of    etleem  of  all  cl 
r<i T-A ,.  r\-i..^- L-j 1 i-j  L£-  Tn    i.w L 


■albk      Subaequenlly,  he  inieMigated  the  death  ofhil  elder  brother,  John  Samnon. 
"      "            .        ■     ,  -   .    -  ^j  aerred  the 

p_    _  _.   the 

Tcaulti  that  have  yet  been  obtained  by  the  1838.     Dunng  hii  long  Ii 


ipoundi  of  Quorine,  and  arrived  at  e«.,  unmarried,  in  1830.  and  aemd  the 
m  of  the  iBoit  important  and  valuable  office  of  High  Sheriff  of  the  ctnin^  in 
lit!  that  have  yet  been  obtained  by  the     1838.     Dunng  hii  long  life  be  had  iba 


Chemutry,"  Dalian  had  promulgated  hii  10.  At  Newbaien,  ued  73,  on  board  hii 
idea  of  the  atomic  oonilitution  of  matter,  jachi  Htrome,  Oen.  Lewie  Bayly  Walln- 
and  Davy  had  made  hit  great  ducovery         12.  At  hii  leridence,  St.  Johu'i  Voad, 


of   the    metdllc   bam   of  the  alkalieL  ased  80,    Sir   Roherl   Chstfer,   knt. 

Theae  directed  big  attention  to  the  Uwi  of  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Hertfordibire.    In 

combination.     He   wai    led   to   inititute  1794  be  wu  appointed  Gentleman  U)bcr 

reaearchai  with  the  moM  (crupuloiu  care  Quarterly  Waiter  to   Klnn  Geoma  the 

into  the  combining  propontoni   of  the  Third)  id  1796  be  wai  promoled  to  bt 

Tarioui  element!,  giving;  to  earh  its  correct  Gentlemen  Uiher  of  the  Privy  CbambCT 

Dumber,  and  wai  enabled  to  obtain  rewlti  Eatisordinary ;  inl797tobe  Oroom  oI 

perfectly  barmoDioua  wil h  theoretical  cal-  the  Frity  Chamber;  and  Id  1798  lo  ^ 

euIaUoni  made  on   Dallon'a  liwi.     He  tjentleman  Uiher  of  the  Priiy  Chamber 

wai  enabled  lo  extend  Daltun'i  law  that  in  Otdioary.     Id  1796  he  wu  alio  ap- 

one  atom  of  one  body  unitei  with  one,  polnled  Auittant  Muter  and  Marriial  of 

two,  or  three,  &c.,  atom*  of  another  body,  the  Ceremonio  to  King  George  II  Li  and 

and  ibowed  that  two  atomi  would  unile  in  ISIS  promoted  tothe  office  of  MaMerof 

with  three  and  with  Gtb.    He  also  pointed  the  Ceremoniei,  upon  whicb  oceaBM  he 

out  the  great  fed,  thai  two  compoundi  receiTcd  the  honour  of  knighthood. 
which  contain  the  nma  clectro-negatiTe         —  At  Tapton   Houie,  near  Cbottf- 

body  alwayi  combine  in  luch  proportioni  field,  aged  67.  George  StepbeoiOD.  ^^ 

(bat  Ibe  etectro-negallTe  element  of  one  P.R  S.,  Knighl-afthe  Order  of  L  — '** 

ii  a  multiple  tnr  •  whole  number  of  the  He  wu  bom  on  the  9th  Jaoe.  1' 


It  of  one  P.R  S.,  Knighl-afthe  Order  of  LeMWkL 

>r  of  the  He  wu  bom  on  the  9th  Jaoe.  1761,  of 

iTthe  other.     He  not  only  the  moti  humble  parentage,  at  a  lotitiiy 

Eire  to  the  elemeotary  bodiea  tbeu'  com-  cot   or  cotiaa:e,   on  the  Tyne.  betwtea 

ning  oumbera.  but  introduced  the  lyatem  Wjlam  and  Cloaebouae.  Nortbumberlu^ 

of  aymbola,  by  which  chemical  labour  haa  about  eight  miiei  weft  of  Newcaatle.   "' 

been  m>  greatly  hcilitaled.     Till  the  time  father  naa  an  engine-feater  at  a  coUiet^ 

of  Beneiiui,   organic    chemiitry  wai  a  and  he  hinuelf  began  life  u  a  pit  eDnio*" 

waite,  with  here  and  there  an  attempt  lo  boy  at  2,1  a  day  wagei,  and  lAeni*'^ 

explain  the  phenomena  of  Uviiw  beinga  acted  as  a  Moker,  and  u  a  liii  itiiimii  i" 

upon  dmnical  prindplei,  and  which,  from  the  employment  of  Lord   RnaUKoA 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  245 

D  E  A  T  H  S— Aua  UBT. 
■Dd  paitTwre.  when  bit  mecbuiici]  talent  Mid  I  wu  quEle  rig^it ;  for  it  wben  Ihej' 
Bnt  forced  itulf  into  nolice  in  the  •mi-  went  to  PtriiameDt,  [  talked  of  going  tt  k 
teur  repair  and  improvenieBt  of  a  con-  greater  rale  iban  lea  milea  an  bour,  1 
dennng  pump-engine,  where  some  engi-  would  pul  a  cron  on  the  concern,  ll  wn 
neen  had  &iied.  He  waa  then  promoted  not  an  eaa;  tuk  for  me  to  keep  the  engine 
to  the  office  of  earine-man;  anditnuat  down  to  ten  mileianhour;  but  it  niut 
th)>  crilical  period  of  hii  hittorj  that  he  be  done,  and  1  did  m;  bnt  t  had  to 
declared  lo  a  confidant,  that,  baring  riKn  place  my  >elf  in  the  mott  unpleaaant  of  all 
from  id.  a  day  to  the  independent  mm  of  poaitioni — the  witneia-hoi  of  a  PaiKa- 
ISt.  a  neck,  be  waa  now  s  man  for  life,  mentar;  Committee.  Some  one  Inquired 
At  ibii  vei7  time,  at  all  eveala,  tbe  htei  if  I  wai  a  foreigner?  and  anolher  hlnlol 
began  to  educate  him  for  hit  future  and  that  I  wa>  mad.  I  put  up  with  every 
iliil  more  manly  career  in  lift  i  for  «ome-'  rebuff,  and  went  on  with  my  plant,  de- 
thing  went  wrong  with  the  waggon-way,  lennined  ddI  lo  he  put  down.  AwiitaDce 
or  it  never  had  been  anything  elae  but  gradually  increaied — Improvementa  aere 
wrong  until  he  tried  hia  appreiiitce  hand  made  every  day — and  lo-oaj  a  train  which 
upon  it,  and  of  coune  improved  It.  He  ttaned  from  London  in  the  morning  hai 
waa  aftdmrda  employed  in  fbrming  lail-  brought  me  in  tbe  aFlemoon  to  my  native 
way  plinei  and  enginea  under  ground.  kmI,  and  enabled  me  lo  take  my  place  in 
Indeed  it  may  be  uid,  that  from  Ihii  time  Ihia  room,  and  aee  around  me  many  facea 
forward  hit  peculiar  mistion  was  chalked  which  I  have  great  pleaaure  hi  looking 
out  for  him,  ai,  in  tbe  midst  of  defects  in  upon."  Tbe  compelllora  of  Mr.  Stephen- 
the  working  of  coal  railwaya.  he  happened  son  for  the  prenuum  of  SOOt,,  oSered  in 
lo  be  placed  in  the  moal  hvoutable  cir-  1829  by  tbe  new  Liverpool  and  Man- 
cumatances  poaaible  for  tbe  engagement  cbe^  Railway  Company  for  tbe  beat 
of  hia  attention  and  bla  pecuKar  lalenL  locomotive  ennne.  were  Mr.  Buntall  (nr 
The  main  iioiata  in  his  aabsequent  career  Burstall  and  llill).  Meters.  Braithw^te 
cannot  be  better  described  than  in  his  own  and  Ericaon,  and  Mr.  Hackworth.  Bur- 
worda  at  the  openinlt  of  the  Newcaalle  stall'i  locomotive,  tbe  iVraetieraiiee,  was 
and  Darlington  nne  of  railway  in  1844; —  wilhdrawn.  Tbe  other  two  locomotives, 
"  Mr.  Liddell  has  told  you  that  in  my  the  Nonh  and  tbe  Santpanii,  brake 
younger  dava  t  worked  at  an  engine  in  a  down,  while  Mr.  Slephenson'a  Kutttl 
coal-pit.  I  had  then  lo  woi^  early  and  outran  the  requirements  of  tbe  directory 
late,  often  rising  lo  my  labour  at  one  and  averaged  15  miles  an  honr  in  speed,  won 
two  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Time  rolled  tbe  priie,  and  lubeicd  in  "  tbe  greatot 
on,  and  1  had  the  happineta  to  make  aome  roecbonical  revohilion  eBected  lince  tbe 
improvementa  in  engine-work.  The  fint  invention  of  the  ateam-engine  by  Watt," 
loeomotive  that  I  made  was  at  Kilting-  and  its  more  immediate  fruits.  The  sub- 
worth  collleiy,  and  with  Lord  Ravens-  sequent  career  of  Mr.  Stepbenton  waa  as 
worths  money.  That  engine  waa  made  rapid  and  as  ameotb  as  the  railway  loco- 
thirty-lwo  yean  ago,  and  we  called  il  Mg  motion  which  he  had  done  so  much  to 
Lord.  I  aaid  to  my  frienda  that  there  waa  realise.  He  took  the  lead,  of  courae,  at 
DO  limit  to  tbe  speed  of  auch  an  engine,  once  in  railway  engineering,  became  an 
provided  the  works  could  be  mtde  lo  eitenrive  locomotive  manubcturer  at 
stand.  •  •  •  I  betook  mnelf  to  Newcastle,  and  a  railway  contractor,  a 
laeiMlilig  m^  neighbours'  clocti  and  great  colllerv  andiron-work  owner,  pajti- 
watches  at  nights,  aRer  my  daily  labour  cularly  at  Claycroo,  and  acquired  great 


of  educating  my  son.      He  becane  my  phenaon^  daima  In  connection  with  r«it- 

aauatant  and  companion.     He  got  an  «p-  wa¥^  the  Midland  Company  toted  SDOU 

poinlment  aa  uoder-vicwer ;  and  at  nights  in  IMA,  lo  be  expended  in  the  presenla- 

we  worked  together  at  our  engineering.  1  tion  of  a  aervice  of  pisle  and  the  erection 

rleeie  to  go  from  Killingworth  lo  by  of  a  alatue  on  ibe  high-level  bridge  acroa 

rn  a  railway  al  Hetlon,  and  next  to  IbeTyne, — tbe  atructure  recently  proposed 

Darlington ;    and  after  that   I  went  to  lo  be  c^led  the   Stepbeoaon  Kidge  in 

Liverpool,  to  plan  a  Kne  to  Manchester,  honour  of  hia  memory.     Mr.  Huds(»i,  on 

1  there  pledged  myaelf  to  attain  s  speed  whose  motion  the  grant  waa  made,  stated 

of  ten  milea  an  hour.     1  said  I  had  no  that  three  other  companies — the  York  and 

doubt  the  locomolive  might  be  made  to  North  Midland,  the  Newaalle  and  Dar- 

go  much  faster,  but  we  had  belter  be  lington,  and  the  Newcastie  and  Benrkk 

moderaleat  tbe  beginning.    TbaDiredora  —would  euti  vole  •  like  Mim.      Tbs 


246        ANNUAL    RE 

DEATHS. 
cUidu  of  Mr.  Slfphenton  to  the  ari^nal 
id»  of  Ilie  Divj  lamp  at  one  lime  excited 
•  good  deal  of  discuHioti.  A  coiDrnillec 
wu  appointed  to  iaveBligHle  the  prioritj 
of  the  clalnu  of  the  inventori  of  the  ufcty 
lamp,  and  a  public  dinner  wu  given  bjr 
that  committee  to  Mr.  Stepheotou,  ithen 
a  pune  of  a  tfanutatid  guineai,  and  b  silver 
tankard,  were  pietented  to  him.  In  re- 
luming thaolu,  he  umounced  hia  intention 
of  devoting  the  monejr  to  the  education  of 
hii  ion  at  the  Edinburgh  Univenity.  In 
private  life.  Mr.  Stephenaon  earned  the 
it^rd  of  all  who  appreciate  worth  and 


liberallly  not  len  than  ability. 

13.   In   Upper  Eburvilreet 
ill  his  86lb  fear,  Mr.  Williun  Skellon,  r 


Mr.  Skelton  wai 
pupil  of  Jamei  Buire  the  elder,  and 
aftenrord*  of  the  still  more  eminent  Wil- 
liam Sharp.  He  wu  alio  ■  iludent  of 
the  Royal  Academy,  and  enjoyed  through 
life  the  Intimacy  of  many  djalinguished 
nemben  of  that  corporation. 

15.  At  Alvington  Houae,  Stonehouae, 
aged  73,  Lady  Devonahiie,  relict  of  Rear- 
Admiral  Sir  Jobo  Devonahire,  K.C.B. 

16,  At  St.  Asaph,  ^ed  57,  Miry,  wife 
of  the  Right  Ret.  T.  V.  Short,  D.D., 
Lord  Biihop  of  St.  Aaaph. 

—  At  Bear  Aah,  near  Maidenhead, 
Berkihire,  aged  71,  Lieut.-Geii.  Sir 
David  Ximenei,  knL,  and  K.C.H.,  a 
magistrate  of  that  county.  He  acrved  in 
Americtt  in  1804,  with  tfie  29lh  Fool, 
when  he  waa  promoted  to  a  majorilj  in 
the  62nd.  and  returned  to  Eajiland.  He 
aerved  in  Ireland  throughout  the  year 
1805{  in  the  Mediterranean  from  Aug. 
ie07  to  March  1008 ;  and  in  the  expedi- 
tion to  Ischia  in  1809.  He  commanded 
the  62nd  at  the  taking  of  Genoa,  and 
wilh  thai  regiment  attended  an  a  guard  of 
honour  upon  cbe  King  of  Sardinia  on  hia 
landing  lo  lake  posseuion  of  hit  recovered 
kinKdom.  He  also  commanded  the  e2nd 
in  the  auixcssful  expedition  up  the  Penoh- 
acot.  In  18l2  he  waa  wilh  the  armiea  in 
Spain  and  Portugal,  and  attached  to  the 
Portugueae  teriice.  He  received  the 
Ouelphic  Order  and  the  honour  of  knight, 
hood  from  King  WiUiara  IV.  in  183-2; 
and  waa  one  of  the  general  officera  re- 
ceiving rcviards  for  di«tioi;uiBhed  services. 

la.  At  Dawlish,  aged  76.  Camtv^llis 
Raleigh,  esq.,  third  ton  of  the  lale  John 
Raleigh,  esq..  Secretary  for  many  yean 
to  the  Garrison,  and  to  several  Jucccasivc 
Goiemois,  of  Gibrallar. 

—  At  South-shore,  near  Blackpool, 
aged  37,   Robert  Peel,  of   Churcb-baiik, 


G I  S  T  E  R,  1848. 

Lancashire,  eaq.,  Ihinl  aOD  of  ibe  lite 
Robert  Peel,  tnq.,  of  Acrii^lon  Houae, 
and  Hyndbum. 

—  At  Wheratead  Park,  SufTolk,  a|M 
63,  Sir  Robert  Harland,  the  aecond  Ba- 
ronet (1771),  of  Sprinighlon,  in  that 
county,  a  deputy  lieutenuit  of  Suflblk. 
He  married  in  May,  1801,  Aietfauu, 
daughter  of  Henry  Vernon,  esq.,  of  Great 
Thurlow,  SuOblk.  Bj  that  lady  he  bad 
no  iiiue,  and  the  Baronetcy  haa  beoome 

.  19.  At  Hams,  aged  3,  Julia  Haiy, 
second  daughler  of  Mr.  and  the  Hou. 
Mn.  Adderley,  and  grand-daughter  of 
Lord  Leigb. 

20.  At  Oakdean,  near  Cowden,  aged 
60,  LieuL-Col.  William  Roaa,  lale  CoL 
of  the  23rd  Fuailiers.  He  waa  pioent  at 
Waterloo. 

—  Aged  72,  Colonel  Henry  John 
Freke,  C.B.,  of  Hannioglon  Hall,  <  '  ' 
the  deputy  lieulenanli  and  ■  n 

21.  At  ^dmoutfa,  Emmn  Margaret, 
wife  of  Cbarlei  John  CbampioD  Crei^gny, 


Iky 


At  bii  seat  in  Yorkthire,  »ged  72, 

Lieui.-Gen.  George  Guy  Carleloa  L'Ea- 
trange,  C.B.,  Colonel  of  the  61at  R^ 
ment  In  May,  1811,  he  commanded 
the  second  battalion  of  the  3Ibi  Foot  at 
the  bailie  of  Albuera,  in  acknon  ledgnwnl 
of  which  he  received  the  brevet  rank  of 
Lieut.-Col.  on  the  20th  of  the  same 
month,  and  an  honorary  medal.  In  1B13 
he  was  nominated  a  Companion  of  the 
Balh,  He  served  afterwards  for  aeven 
yean  on  the  staif  in  the  Mauritiua.  He 
attained  the  rank  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Nov.  231 
IS41.  He  waa  apnointed  Colonel  of  the 
59th  Regiment  in  1843,  and  removed  to 
the  61  St  Tn  IMS. 

—  At  Bath,  aged  31,  James  Edward 
Jemingham,  esq.,  second  surviving  aon  of 
the  late  Edward  Jemingbam,  eaq.,  and 
nephew  of  Lord  Stajford. 

23.  At  Fecamp,  in  Normandy,  Sir  John 
Murray,  of  Stanhope,  co.  Peeblea,  tbe 
I  llh  bart.  With  him  terminates  Ihia  line 
of  Murray  on  ibe  mole  side.  a>  he  left 
only  (wo  daughters;  one  married  10 
Edwin  Howell,  esq.,  and  the  other  to 
Hamillan  Gyll.  esq.,  of  Shenley,  Herts, 
since  deceased.  Sir  John  deduced  lineally 
from  Iho  Murraysof  Falahill,  whose  issue. 
Sir  David  Murray,  knt.,  married  Lady 
Liliaa  Pleinyng,  daughter  of  Jobo.  first 
EaH  of  Wigloun,  and  left  a  son.  William, 
created  a  barl.  in  1064.  His  descendant 
uf  (he  same  name  being  implica^  in  (be 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  247 

D  G  ATH  S. — Au  o  CRT. 

TcbelMoii  oT  1745,  wai  id  1748 condemned  Commuider,  Id  I80B  he  tni  appointed  to 

lo  death,  nhich  ■eotence  wai  commuted  the  Buttard  brig,  and  wu  icliieljr  em- 

into  exile  for  liie;  and  fail  eMstei  were  ployed  igainM  the  enemjfartno  fesra  in 

told  under  the  aulhorily  or  (he  Court  of  the   Adnatic   Archipelago,  uid   on    ths 

SenioD.      He  died  ibroad ;  but  on  the  re-  cont  of  Borbary,  and  at  the  capture  ot  a, 

venal  of  the  attainder,  afler  the  act  of  re.  conroy  near  Trieste  in  protecting  Sicily 

vital,  the  honour  derolved  on  Sir  John  from  invuion  by  MurBt'i  umy.     Having 

Murray,  ai  7th   niccesaire  baronet,  and  obtained  poit  rank  in  1911.  from  1811  lo 

Knnd&ther  of  thii  Sir  John,  the  lait  uid  1813  he  terved  a>  fl^-Captain  to  Rear' 

Ilth  of  tliat  patronymic  and  title.  Admiral  Sir  Thomai  Fremantle,  in  the 

24.  At  Scarborough,  the  Very  Rev.  MUfitrd,1A.  He  waa  pre«enl  atthe  caj^- 
John  Antony  Cramer,  D.D.,  liean  of  ture>  of  Fiume.  Rovigno,  Ptran,  Capo 
Carlide,  Regiui  Profe«OT  of  Modem  d'btria,  and  at  the  aiege  of  Trieste.  In 
History,  DelcESte  of  Eitalet,  and  Curator  April,  1830.  he  commluioned  the  Brilon, 
of  tlie  Taylor  InAitution.  in  (he  Uniienily  46  guni,  for  (he  Litbon  ttalion.  and  re- 
of  Oxford.  Dr.  Cramer  waa  (he  author  ceited  the  thanki  of  the  Admiralty  and 
of  lome  works,  cliiefly  illustratiTe  of  the  British  merchants  at  Litbon,  for  hi* 
classical  literature  and  history.  conduct  in  the  protection  of  British  in- 

—  At  Kensinglon.  Lady  Miles,  nife  of  teresta  during  the  civil  ditlurtiBnceB  which 
Col.  Sir  Edward  Miles,  C.B.  occurred   in    Portugal   In  the   following 

—  At  Lofts  Hall,  aged  77,  John  year.  He  obtained  the  good-service 
Wilkes,  esq.  He  served  ibe  office  of  penaion  in  1841,  and  was  promoted  lo  the 
High  Sheriff  fer  Essex,  and  had  been  for  rank  of  a  retired  Rear-Admiral,  October 
many  years  a  magistrate  and  deputy-  lOlh,  1846.  He  bos  gaxetted  on  three 
lieutenant  for  that  county.  occasioni,  vii.  in  18D9,  and  twice  in  1819, 

2a   Al  New  York,  aged  49,  Mr.  W.  J.  and  the  Imperial  Order  of  Leopold  was 

Hammond,  tor  twenty  veara  a  comedian  Haled  in  the  Gaiette  of  19th  March,  1816, 

of  no  mean  ^ilily,  and  for  a  abort  time  to  have  been  conferred  upon  him  "  in  ap- 

proprietor  of  Dniry  Lane  Theatre.  probation    of    the    diitjnguiahed   services 

25.  On  hit  passage  lo  Ent;tand,  on  lick  rendered  by  him  at  the  siege  and  capture 
cenificale,  aged  43,  Sir  Charles  Went-  of  Trieste,  and  the  other  operations  in 
worth  Burdett,  bart.,  Capt.  41at  Madras  Italy  during  the  campaigna  of  1812  and 
Halive  Infantry.  1813." 

37.  Near  Monaghan,   Ireland,  R.  La-  —   Aged  97,  the  Rev.  Charles  Clau- 

martine  Grason,   eaq.,   and   hia    tady,  to  dius  Beresford,  Rector  of  Bailieborough, 

whom  be  was  married  on   the  22ad   of  co.  Cavan,  third  and  youngest  son  of  the 

May.     They  were  taking  a  drive   in  a  Rev.  Charles  Cobbe  Beresfbrd,  Rector  of 

pony  phaeton,  about  four  o'clock,  p.m.,  in  Termonmaguirk,    co.    Tyrone,   younger 

Ibe  direction  of  Roamore  Park,  when  the  brother  to  the  late  Biahop  of  Kilmore. 

two  ponies  look  fright  and  bounded  over  29.    In   Porchester-lerrace,   Bayawater, 

■  bridge  that  crottea  the  Ulster  Canal,  aged  75.  Sir  John  Osbom,  the  fifth  bart, 

and  fell   into   the  canal,  about    120  feet  of      Cbicksonds      Prioiy,      Bedfordshire 

deep,  killing  Mr.   and  Mra.  Orason  and  (1661-2),  D.C.L.,  a  Comminioner  for 

Miss  A.  Graham,  tiiter-in-taw  to  the  un-  Auditingihe  PublicAccoairt<,ai]dColonel 

fortunate  ^nlleman.      Hr.   Grasou   has  of  the   Bedfordahire   Militia.      He  was 

left  no  relative  to  inberithiilai^  property,  bom  on  the  3rd  Dec  1772,  the  only  son 

■bout  18,D0(VL  per  annum.  of  General  Sir  Geoise  Oibom,  tbc  fourth 

28.  In  Bath,  in  hia  eSlh  year.  Rear-  Baronet,   by    his   first   wife,    Eliiabeth. 

AdminlJohn  Duff Marklaod,  Companion  daughter  and  co-heir  of  John   Banialer, 

of  tin   Most    Honourable  Mililarv  Order  esq.      In  early  life  be  was  attached  for  a 

of  Ibe  Bath,  and  Knight  of  the  Imperial  abort  period  to  Lord  Whilwortb's  embaasy 

Austrian  Order  of  Leopold.     He  waa  the  at  the  court  of  Ruasia.     After  be  returned 

Kcond  aon  of  Edward  Markland.  esq.,  of  from  St.  Peteraburgh,  he  was  elected  lo 

I^eda.     He  commenced  his  naval  career  parliament  for  the  county  of  Bedford  in 

in  17115.  under  the  auspices  of  his  nncle  the  year  1794-    He  was  re- chosen  for  ibat 

Captain  John  Cooke,  of  the  BtUerophoti,  counlv  in  1802  and  1806;  but  in  1807 

who  felt  at  the  betlle  of  Tra&lnr.     He  wu  clefeated.     He  then  sol  for  Cocker- 

wai  midshipman  of  Ibe  Ififmpnt  at  the  mouth,  Queenborough,   and  Wigton,  in 

capture  of  the  French  frigates,  Rttitlaiict  succestion.     He   hod  lucceedcd  to   the 

and  CotuUmct,  in  1707,  and  of  the  Ama.  Baronetcy  on    the    dealb   of  his  frUher, 

(^  at  the  (»plura  of  the  Dtdaigneiat  in  June  29,  1818.    He  was  one  of  the  Lords 

1891.      Having   ob'ained   Ibe    rank    of  of  the  Admii^  from  Ibe  year  1811  to 


248        ANNUAL    REGI  ST  ER,  1848. 

DBATHS—AcraDR. 

the  jeu  1824,  oheii  be  mt  aiipoiiiled  too  ]«d  in  •Owk  ■>  bold  «  it  «m  a»- 

one  of  Hia  Mijesty*!  Commuuciaen  for  w ftil,  under  ■  rionn  of  Gra.  in  >  lUSiaik 

Auditing  the  Public  Account*,  the  dulie*  poiitkHi,  but  fell  an  honour  to  In  Ukv 

of  ithicn  he  fulfilled  until  wiUila  ■  thort  and  to  his  ooudIt;. 

Eriod  of  hi*  deceue.     For  man;  jean        "  Ood  bias  md  aoppert  jm,  nj  Itm 

liad  ceued  to  tale  mj  actiie  part  in  General,  ia  the  pnjer  at 
Klitici.      He   nuiried    ^ept.    14,   1609,  ■•  Your*  futhfiilW, 

ederica  Louin,  daughler  of  Sir  Cbarle*  "  H.  G.  SlOTB. 

DaTcn,  ban.,  and  had  i«ue.  "  Uajor-GenermI  tbe  Hon.  U.  U111T17, 

—  Killed  in  action  at  Bloeni  PUalt,  "  ComuMuding,  PljiDouth.~ 
Captain  Arthur  Slormont  Mumv,  of  the  30.  At  Duoj  I<ever,  near  Bollao,  Md 
It  BaltalioD  RlBe  Brinde.  IIm  dr-  6i  William  BoUins,  eaq.,  H.P.  for  lU 
cunutaoce*  of  Captain  tiiimj't  death  are  borough.  Air.  BolCng  bad  lened  in  {dot 
thui  described ; — "  On  the  third  daj'i  pariiunenta  u  repreiealatira  for  Bolloa, 
marcb  from  the  OranKe  River  our  ad-  faia  luUiTe  toim,  being  returned  in  ISSl 
Tanced  guard  wai  attacked  bj  the  rebel  at  tbe  firat  election  after  tbe  pamg  ef 
Boeri,  MroDsIy  poaled,  and  wai  driven  the  Reform  Bill,  wilh  Colood  TontM; 
back  upon  ibe  column,  Arthur  Mumv  in  J8S5  and  IB37  with  Mr.  AJnnrartiL 
led  the  column  with  hii  company,  which  At  the  general  election  of  IS41  Mr. 
Sir  H.  Smith  ordered  to  ihe  front  in  AiDiworlhud  Dr.  BowringiMrerettrQid, 
eltended  order,  and  on  reaching  (he  Creal  Mr.  BalliuE  being  unaucceaatiil ;  bul  in 
of  ■  small  hill  on  our  right,  they  irere  1S47  Mr.  Boiling  and  Dr.  BowringnN 
availed  by  ■  murderoua  fire,  Murray  waa  r»«lected.  In  politica  the  deHMwl  ••■ 
fiiremoil,  avord  in  hand,  when  Gljniwho  a  Conaertalive,  and  a  auppoitei  of  Sir 
irai  near  bim,  seeing  bim  seierely  alruck  Robert  Peel's  frae-trade  measim.  He 
in  the  shoulder  (hia  leh  arm  wu  shattered),  waa,  in  eonjunction  with  hia  bmber.  Mr. 
told  aome  nwn  to  Uke  him  to  the  rear,  E.  Boiling.  ■  Urge  cmfdoycr  in  Ihe  be- 
but  before  Murray  could  dJamouDt  Irom  rough  of  Bolton.  He  was  hwhlj  rtapeded 
bis  horae  be  was  again  hit  by  a  shot,  which,  by  his  work-people  ai  a  kiudand  geoano 
alriking  the  apioe,  paaaed  quite  through  master,  and  by  liia  fellaw-loiraiiaMi  as  s 
his  body.  Hewas  then  put  mloawag^n  liberal  and  inSuenlial  supporter  of  tha 
and  taken  to  the  rear.  Though  medical  clkariijes  and  the  Inde  of  that  town, 
anistance  was  at  hand,  his  wounda  were  —  At  St.  Louia,  in  his  ZTib  )m 
beyond  relief.  He  requeated  Dr.  Hall  to  Ueut  George  Auguatus  Picdeaiefc  wn- 
wnle  to  his  ftlher,  and  gave  a  sealed  ton,  eaq.,  late  of  the  SOth  Regiment.    U* 

Ckel  10  be  tent  with  aBectionaie  lemem-  was  the  third  ton  of  the  late  John  Builea, 

nee  10  hia  wife.     He  lived  tlU  past  «Bq..  of  Broad  Oak,   Brencfalej,  KcaL 

midnight,  perfectly  conscious  of  his  stata.  Whan  aeroing  with  tbe  BOlfa  ReaneM  ia 

■nd  moat  remarkably  calm  throughout  Canada,  IJeut  Ruiton  imbibed  •  ihiiM 

Hia  loaa  waa  deeply  fell  by  offlcen  and  for  adrpnturB.   for  which    he  was  brti) 

men  i  he  was  esteemed  by  all.     He  waa  mentally  and  physically  peouliaily  flllail 

buried  at  the  foot  of*  peadi-tiM  at  Bloem  To  Africa  he  nrst  turned  hia  aUentiont  bi 

Plaata."  the  hope  of  adding  to  our  geujfiauhiol 

llie  following  ia  Ihe  copy  of  a  lelUr  knowledge  some  of  Its  unexplored  and 

from  Sir  H.  Smith,   dated    Camp,  near  hiiberto    inacoeaaible    landa.       He    hao 

Relhanv,  north  of  Ihe  Orange  River,  Aug.  formed  Ihe  daring  prtnect  of  travenaV 

SI,  IB^  announcing  bia  death:—  Africa    in   (he  parallef  of  its    ■oulhani 

"  My  dear    General    Murray, — To    a  tropic — friun    Walwich    Bay    t 


soldier  like  yourself  1  need  not  say  wears  bul  the  tiaciiu  of  some  fifty  miles  t^eoart 

■Ml  pennitled  to  recret  ibe  loaa  of  a  com-  was  all  that  he  was  able  to  aceoDplish. 

nde  who  nobly  and  gallantly  foils  in  Ihe  Before  leaving  AAia,  Mr.  Buxinn  taada 

service  of  his  country ;  but  human  nature^  himself  u^uainted  with  the    Bushaent 

more  tolerant,  bUowb  tbe  father  10  weep  and  contributed  a  peper  on  this  interesting 

I  do  not  write  to  offer  race  to  Ihe  Ethnological  Society.    Mr. 

bat  can  be  deriTed  alone  Ruiton  became    afterwards    a  perseDal 

ftt>m  the  Almighty — but  U>  aaaure  you  obser«er  of  the  recent  (tiuggl«  beKnen 

your  son  foil  as  heeomea  Ihe  hero,  and  tbe  Americans  and  the  Mezwana,  aad  hai 

proved  himself  a  moat  gallant  and  active  placed  faia  stirring  picture  of  its  ereola  en 

officer — his  loss  deeply  regretted  by  ihe  record  in  the  columns  of  Fraser's  Hsfs- 

meo  of  hia  company.  une.      Prom   Ibis  scene  of  warfare  M 

"  This  outhurai  of  rebels  has  eoit  as  mode  that  eiplontion  which  resulted  m 

sman  an  aflkir  as  I  ever  wimeased.    Your  hiioonliibulit^tolhe  Home  Mi4  ColMwrf 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  249 

OEATHR— SUT-I 

IiibMy  ^  "  AdTenCurei  m  Mexico  ted  Donumoded  |he  Sineame  anned  higier, 

the    Rock;  MmidIuu;"  to  Blackwood,  Libtrti/  brig,  and  Hilbrook  Khoooer,  n 

tba  Hriei  entitled  "Life  Id  the  FuWeN;"  mbkii  Uil  vemei  b«  vu  freqi^tlf  eii' 

■nd  to  tbe  Etfaaologickl  Societj,  a  paper  gfied  with  the  enemv,  boili  on  the  coaila 

"  On  tbe  Mignlioa  of  the  Ancient  Hui-  of  France  and    Spam.     In    Sept.    1801 

can*,  and  tbelr  Analogy  Ut  tbe  exiuing  he  oaptured  the   Baptitta  Spaoiih  pri. 

Indiao  Tribes  of  Notiheni  Mexico."   Mr-  Tateer  of  eight  gun*,  aikl  ihortly  aiter- 

BuxtoD  «*>  Iba  author  aba  of  aoupphlet  wards  lepellMAQigfatattackniwleuponllM 

**  On  tba  Oregon  QueMiaoi"  wberein  h*  JfiOrMJl  bv  wnne  gvn-boala iHMr  GJbial-. 

took  "  a  riaooe  at  tbe  reipediTe  claimi  tar,  one  of  wbieb  recdved  «  broadaid* 

«F  Great  Britain  and  the  United  SiatM  to  which  waa  lUfpoaed  to  bare  praied  &la| 

the  lenHt««y  io  diipute,"  with  hi)  uuul  to  ber,  aa  ibe  dkapowed  in  ao  inMant, 

•outeneia.  although  then  noirfv  akngiide  id   tlia 

SI.    Drowned    in  the  baj  of  SJigo,  British  icbooiier.     He  tubicquently  con- 

Franda  Goold,  esq.,  of   Droinada,  oo.  tunded  tbe  ^iBtwnf  on  Channel  MrrioCi 

Lisieriek,  High  Sheriff  of  that  coun^.  and  ^»e  Tarttnt  bomb,  on  llie  Poww 

....      .         . . '-—■•--ig  exeivaioQ  atatioo.    During  Lord  Howick"!  naral  *d- 

"        '    "      '    'tauiedihe 
-.    -.      which  b« 

»nen  Ibe  bant  wm  upaet,  and  both  gentle-  waa  cmploj^  on  Channel  lervioe  until 

men  were  plunged  into  (be  water.     Mr.  ordered  to  eacart,  from  Spithead  to  the 

Gore  Booth  renined  the  boat,  and  held  Baltic^  the  Ntva,  a  Ruwan  man-of-war, 

on  till  aeomd^f  a  pilot  boat)  but  Hr.  which  bad  reoen'l;  returned  from  a  *ojage 

Goddi  though  an   excellent    iwimmer,  ofdiKoiery.   KoMiliiio  having  then  ot 

idered  prudent  for 
la  wilboul  Iba  protec- 
nea  nr  anooaag  •oa-iowi.  uon  oi  a  iHiuao  lenel.     For  the  periono- 

aoce  of   Ibii  friendlj  offioe,  the    Caar 
SEPTEMBER.  preiented  Capi,  da  Starck  with  a  btcsk. 

btt  icrvioe  of  plate,  and  a  puiae  of  100 
1.   At  Hanley  CaHle,  aged  20,  Henr?     aulneat.     On  har  return  from  the  Baltie 
TbomBi,  eldeet  Mnriirii^  kid  of  the  low     in  IBOO,  the  Avm  waa  telected  Io  eanr 
B«T.  G.  D'OjIe;,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Lam- 
beth, Suirej,  and  Sundridge,  KenL 


&  WUbl  bathing  in  tbe  Thamw,  near  Captwu  de  Starck  fell  in  with  ibe  JbotJu, 
TeddinglOD,  agad  38,  Lionel  GianTille  French  74,  b;  which  abjp  be  wm  ebaanl 
Tbomaa    Eliot,   only    child    of    Lionel     for  ngbl  houra,  rigbl  before  the  wind,  l' 


Lionel  GiaoTille  French  74.  by  which  tl 
^Id  of  Lionel  for  ngbl  houra,  rigbl  bi 
Sheiutone  Villa,  purMier  witbin  gun^^bot.  and  rqiMtadlj 
Bh  joam  nwn.  firing  Upon  him.  Fortunately,  a  noleM 
4  In  Kennngton-creacenl,  aged  84,  iquall  Middeiil;  came  on,  duitng  which  be 
Hauritiua  Adolphua  Newton  de  Slarck,  akilftiUy  cacaped  bia  punuer,  and  landed 
«aq.,  Bear-Admnal  of  the  Blue.  He  waa  Hr.  Enkioeat  AnnapoUa  Rc^al.  Being 
a  aon  of  Chariea  Sifpamond,  Banio  de  ordered  to  Haliftz,  le  waa  thence  aetit 
Stardc,  an  officer  in  the  Imperial  anny,  home  with  de^jwdcfaea,  when  he  waa  pro- 
who  Mitted  in  England  in  1753,  and  moled  Io  poal  ranL  Admiral  de  Starck 
mairied  Uaitha,  riator  to  the  late  Ad-  wai  the  inTOntor  of  the  method  of  pro- 
mini  Sir  Chaloner  (^le,  bort  He  jeoting  a  nm  by  meana  of  powder  and 
aerred  at  the  relief  of  Gibrallai  In  the  shot,  and  of  an  Applicative  CompHa  kg 
LuUma,  38.  and  was  in  other  veaela.  takins  hearingi  on  a  Chart  He  married, 
Duriuthe  3paniahannameDtheaerv«dia  lit,  Miai  Houghton,  of  Bnmeitoo,  oo. 
the  Cnada,ll,  under  Lord  Hugh  Norfblk ;  and,  &dly,  Aug.  SCMaOT,  MIn 
SeynuHir.  In  1797,  having  volunteered  Kent,  niece  to  the  late  Sir  Thomai  Kent, 
bia  aervieea  Io  awut  in  aupprening  the  He  wai  promoted  to  the  rank  ti  Rear- 
nutiny  at  the  Nora,  he  waa  appointed  Admiral,  Nov.  25,  IB41. 
In  eommaod  tbe  SeSfu.  gun  brig,  aimed  6.  At  Bamtiam  Broome,  yorfolk,  aged 
for  Ihal  purpoae  with  long  Dutch  24-  34,  tbe  Hon.  and  Rev.  Alfred  Wodehoute, 
pounden  and  heavy  cuionadei,  and  B.  A..  Rector  of  that  parish  wilh  Bickiton 
manned  wilb  volainteeia,  part  of  whom  and  Kimbta'ley.  He  waa  Ibe  lialh  and 
wer«  airidiera.  During  the  enauiog  seven  voungetf  son  (^JahD,aeooDd  Lord  Wode< 
1 : .  j_   □ — ■ lively  boute. 


Atkitt, 


250        ANNUAL    REGI  ST  ER,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Sept. 

S.  Aftei  67,  Outtavui,  L«adgnTe  of  himKlf  bj  bla  icdTttr,  brsTerj,  • 

He«e>Hotnburg.  ud  bore  put  in  the  nuaj  balues  ana 

9.  Atlffle7,>«ed84,RichinlWootteii,  skirmubet  fbugbt  by  that  dutioRWibed 

CKK,  banker,  Oxtari.  officer  id  tba  AntktMo,  /wb/a/unUt,  and 

la  At  SL  George'i-place.  Hyde  Park  ImpeHiaa.    In  the  /wfa^tfi«a&J('<  gaOaot 

Comer,  in  bis  7ard  ^r,  (be  Right  Hon.  —•'■■>-!■>-   '—  n„;..  J.  Mr__  u. 
Cbariei  Doufjlai,  third  Lord  Dmiglu,  of 


1773,  tlie  Mcoad  ton  of  Archibald,  Gnt     wu  made  upon  tbe  enemy'i  ibi 

Iiord  Dougiu,  by  bla  Hnt  wife,  Lady  Lucy     tin  Morbihan  rirer,  he  awned  in  boanung 

'^—'- —  onlydaugblerof Willlani,iecoad     and   blowine  up  ClotoUnU,  an   18-gua 


Duke  of  Montrose.  He  nicceeded 
peerage  on  the  death  of  hi>  elder  brother, 
ArcbibBld,Juiuary27,1844i  a>id,haTins 
iie«er  maiTied,  i>  ooi*  nicceeded  by  hii  half 
brother,  ibe  Hon.and  Rev.  Jamea  Dougtii. 

—  At  Reading,  aged  6S,  OiarTotte 
Eliiabeth  Wighlman,  relict  of  Vice>Adm. 
Sir  Thoraai  Duadaa,  K.  C  B. 

11.  At  Benham  Houie,  Berkshire, 
Major-Oeneral  William   Dickaon,  C. 


Major-Ueneral    William    DiCkaOii,  U.B.,      74.  Uapt.  »ir  V.  i^Rtbiey,  which  ibip  ■ 
of  the  Hon.  EaM  India  Company'*  Modru     companied  Neltan  to  the  Wot  Indie* 


corvette,  and  on  efery  other  oocariOD  of 
boaU»enl(«  be  waa  alwayi  a  Tolunleer. 
On  the  siipenuon  of  hostililio,  during 
the  peace  of  Amieni,  Lieutenant  M-Kralie 
ierred  in  the  CamWa,  iM,  Captain  Hniry 
Hill,  on  tbe  Newfoundland  station;  and 
ahorlly  after  tbe  renewal  of  Ihe  war,  he 
wu  appointed,  through  the  influeDCe  of 
Sir  Edward  Pellew,  fint  of  the  Spartiatt, 
74,  Capt.  Sir  F.  Lafbiey,  which  ihip  -- 


I  Lucinia  Hanly,  late  of  Cam- 


—  MlM  Lucipia  Hanly, 

bridge-terrace,  Hyde  Park,,..   ^ 

laK  uirtiving  daughter  of  the  late  Earl  o 
BeilamoaL 

— >.  Athiareridence.Poreit Hill,Syden 
ham,  in  hit  SOtfa  year,  Sir  Hugh  Evelyn, 
the  fifth  baronet,  of  Wotron   Place,  en. 


of  the  combined  fleeti  of  France 
and  Spain  ;  and  also  bore  a  abare  al  tbe 
memorable  balUe  of  Trafalgar.  In  con- 
sequence of  (hat  glorioui  victory,  Lieut. 
M'Kerlie  was  advanced  to  tbe  rank  of 
CotDinander,  December  24,  1805.  In 
ISOe  Capt.  M'Kerlie  was  afpoinled  to 
the  Calluipt,  a  new  brie,  of  SO  guni,  Gt- 


Surrey  (1719^    Tbe  fhmily  of  Evelyn     tingatDeplford  for  Ihe  North  Sea  station. 
bai  flourubed  in  several  branches,  and  in      In  that  vea>el  he  asnsted  at  Ihe  capture  of 
tfaree  several  members  has  been  advanced     Flushing,  and  wai  subsequently  entrusted 
tothedimiily  of  baronel.  Sir  John  Evelyn,       -■'   -■  ...... 

tbe  Erst  baronet  of  the  last  creWion,  wu 
the  giandsoti  of  John  Evelyn,  es^.,  tbe 
author  of  Sylva  and  many  other  literary 
works  i  and  it  was  after  the  death  of  Sir 
Frederick,  the  third  baronet,  which  oc- 
curred in  1812,  that  his  widow,  Lady 
Evelyn,  through  the  instrumentalitr  ot 
Mr.  Bray,  tbe  Sislorian  of  SuiTey,  and  Ihe 
late  Mr.  Upcott,  comuiunicated  to  the 
woild  the  veiy  interettinfr 
husband's  learned  and 


ilh  the  c 
brigi,  fcc.,  attached  to  the  Walcheren  e: 
paction.  His  meritoHoui  conduct  in  tbe 
Scheldt  induced  Sir  Richard  J.  Slracban 
to  give  him  tbe  north  coast  of  Holland 
and  the  neighbourhood  of  Heligoland  for 
a  cruising  ground,  on  which  he  socm  cap- 
tured aeveral  merchant  vetaela,  diiefly 
Danee  and  Swedes.     Tbe  CaOiopt  wu 

loe     aflernards  attached  to  tbe  in   ' 

her     dron  off  Flushing,  from  wbe 
M'Kerlie  wss  sent  by  tbe  late 


loe  Captain 
Mr  William 
With  Sir  Hugh,  be  being  the  tail  heir-  Young,  in  March,  1813,  to  Uke  the  corn- 
male  of  the  family,  tbe  baronetcy  has  mand  of  the  naral  loroe  stationed  at  Heh- 
become  eitincL  goland.     DuKng  tbe  seven  moDtha  that 

—  Al  Islington,  aged  46.  James  Mel-      he  wai  employed  on  that  station,  as  senior 
vitle  Walker,  esq.,  eldest  son  of  the  late     officer,  the    CalUnpt  and    her   i 
Rear-Adminl  Walker,  C.B.  and  K.T.S.  .      »     . 

12.    At  bis  lesidence,  Caroisal,  Wigton. 
■hire,   Id   hi*  72nd  year,   Rear-Adi 
John    M'Kerlie,  a   magislnUe   for 
county.     He  was  descended  from  an  an- 
cient family  in  the  county  of  Wigton. 
Early  in   17M  ha  joioed  the  Arttkuta 
fHgate,  commanded  br  Sir  Edward  Pellew 
(the  Into  Viscount  Eimoulh), 
favourable  notice  he  soon  reco: 


he  ti       , 

gun-brigs,  and  other  shipping,  at  Braak, 
Tn  the  Ducby  of  Oldenburg!  -^  ' --■  - 
eacorled  them  to  England,  oi 
he  found  himself  p*omuIed  to  poet  rank, 
by  commission  dated  December  4,  1813. 
On  the  4th  of  April,  ISIS,  Capt  M-KeHie 
to  whose  was  granted  a  pension  tai  the  loss  of  bis 
mmended     ann.     This  gallant  officer  was  Captain  of 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 

DEATHS.— SiPT. 

the   Vtnun,   SO.  on   the  Meditemaeui  under   Pro«idence,  of   pme 

tfation,  in  IS33.  during  ber  trials  nilh  the  hundtedi  of  valuable  [ires,  4 

SarhoM,  50,  touceilain  Ibe  (sjlinjf  qu»li-     '""  ^'~  "' '  *'" — ' — 

lie*  of  the  two  ibip*,  which  occupied  much 

public  attention  at  the  lime.    He  accepted 

ttte  retired  tank  of  Rear-Admiral  in  Oct.  Colonel  Hency  Bennett  Overeat,  late  of 

1S46.  the  0th   Royah.     He  lerred  duriiu;  the 

—  Aged  48,  the  Rev.  Arthur  Trallope,  PeniaBular  War,  and  wai  nounded  id  the 
H.A.,  for  Inenty-one  yenn  Curate  of  the  Pyi«nee>. 

united  pariihea  of  St.  Mary>le-Bow,  St.  18.  At  hli  teudeoce,  CanDiu^t-K|uaTe> 

Pancrai,    Soper-lane,   and    Atl-tulloin,  John   Adanu,  iun.,  eaq.,  barrirter-at-law, 

HoDejr.lane,  London.     He  waa  a  ion  of  eldest  aon  of  Mr.  Serieant  Adama. 

Dr.   TioUope,   fbrmerly   head-maitw  of  SO.   At  hia  aeat,  Charleville.  eo.  Wick- 

Chriit'i  Hoapital.  lo<r.  after  a  KTere  and  protracted  illneM, 

—  At  ^>ulognedur-Mer,  aged  37,  in  hia  64th  year,  the  Risht  Hon.  Henry 
Mary  Anne,  wife  of  Rupert  Ketib,  eM).  Stanley  ModcIc,  Gnt  EarT  of  Ralhdowne 

—  Killed  in  action  before  Mooltao,  in  (1822),  Mcoiui  Viicouat  Monck  (1800), 
hia  SOth  year,  Eniign  Charlet  Owen  and  Banm  Monck,  of  Ballytnunnon,  co. 
Lloyd,  of  iheBlh  Regiment,  N.L,youngeat  Weifbrd  (1797).  Hii  lonlihip  wai  bom 
•on  of  Edward  Lloyd,  eaq^  of  RhagatL  July  SO.  1785,  (be  eldeN  aon  of  Charlea 

—  At  Knoekdrm  Caitle,  co.  Weit-  Stanley,  firM  Viacount  Monck,  by  hk 
meath,  aged  83,  Sir  Richard  Levinge,  couiin  Anne,  daughter  of  Henry  Quia, 
lhesiitbbaTt.,of  Hyde  Park(now  Knock-  eaq.,  M.D.  He  aucceeded  bii  fuber,  a« 
drin  CaMle).  (17M),  and  a  deputyJieu-  Viacount  Monck,  on  the  9tb  June,  1802, 
tenant;  brother-in-Uw  to  Lord  KincliSe.  and  wai  advanced  to  the  dignity  of  an 
He  wai  bom  on  the  29lh  October,  1785,  Evl  of  the  kingdom  of  Ireland  by  patent 
the  eldett  aon  and  heir  of  Sir  Charlea  dated  Jan.  12.  1822.  Hii  lordahip  never 
Levinge,  the  fifth  baronet,  by  Elizabeth  aat  in  either  houae  of  paiiiamenL  Hii 
France*,  Only  daughter  of  NichoUi  lordibip  nurried,  on  the  38th  July,  1806, 
Reynell,  eiq.,  of  tUynella,  oo.  West-  Lady  France*  Le  Poer  Trench,  fifth 
meath.  He  lucceeded  hi*  father  a*  a  daughter  of  William  Power  Keating,  fiiat 
baronet,  on  the  19th  Januanr,  1796.  Sir  BarTof  Clancarty,  and  by  that  lady,  who 
Richard LevingehadproTedhiapatriotiani  died  on  the  22od  November,  1643,  he 
by  permanent  residence  on  hi*  estate,  by  bad  inm  two  aona  (who  both  died  in 
the  elteiwve  improvements  which  he  bad  infancy  )  and  twelve  daughten.  Hia  lord- 
made,  thereby  affording  employment  on  ahip  having  died  without  nirviviiig  male 
a  large  icale,  and  by  liii  cHbrti  to  en-  issue,  the  Earldom  ha*  become  extinct, 
courage,  among  the  peasantry,  s  better  la  the  Viscountcy  and  Barony  he  is  luo 
plan  of  agricullure  than  that  hitherto  in  ceeded  by  his  only  brother,  the  Hon. 
use.     He  suddenly  dropped  down  dead  Charles  Joseph  Kelly  Monck. 

wbile  out  on  ■  walk  in  the  grounds  of  his  —  At  Ram^ale,  aged  50.  Frederick 

princely  residence,  Knockdrin  Cattle.   He  Polhill,  esq.,  late  M.P.  for  Bedford,  and 

married,  December  3,  1810,  the   Hon.  formerly  a  Captain  in  the  King's  Dragoon 

Eliubelh    Anne    Parkins,   daughter   ot  Guard*.     Captain  PolbiJl  wa*  deacended 

Thomas   Boolhby,  first  Lord   RancliK,  from  an  ancient  family,  formerly  seaUed  in 

and  sitter  to  the  Princess  de  Polignac;  the  counties  of  Kent  and  Sussex.     '" 

and  hat  left  iaaue.  " "         "   '      ■  ■    -  

la   In    hU   57th   year.   Sir   William 
"unry   Richardson,  of   Ch— '    "-  — 

uDpshire ;  a  magialrale  R 

and  Berkshire.                                        '  PoOiill.     Capt.  Polhill  retired  fivm  6 

M.  At   Chilham,   Henry  Cobb,  eaq.,     .>_...._  f.-.„ .- 

late  of  the  E.  I.  C.   Service.     He  com- 

QMnded   the    Company's    ship    KaU,   of     on  the  memon  

1400  tons,  when  she  was  destroyed  by  fire  Parliamentary    Reform    wai,  as   it  wer«, 

in  the  Bay  oF  Biicsy,  on  the  IM  of  March,  put  to  the  vole  of  the  country.     So  de- 

1825,  whiW  conveying  Ibe  31>l  Regiment  cided  was  opinion  upon  thla  important  aub- 

to  India.      His  intrepidity  and  self-possea-  Ject  it  Bedford,  that  Captain  Polhill  was 

aion  upon  that  trying  occasion,  through  a  abia  to  contend  tucceafiilly  with  no  lest  a 

course  of  exertion  rarely  equs lied  in  either  person  than  the  preienl  Premier,  the  very 

difliculty  or  duration,  were  tfae   means,  aulhor  of  the   Reform   Bill.     The  poU 


252        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATH  8. -San. 
IhM  Un  dip  I  914  eleeton  nXed  j  Mr.  be  fulml  to  tf  net  notice,  and  ilma  not 
WUbraad  Hid  Lord  John  Rutwll  both  liU  be  aickened  of  olim  oecupitiov  Uwi 
TOtod  for  tkemeelvw ;  biU  CapL  Polbill  b«  engtged  niih  the  it^uiiile  brmir  end 
defeated  tbe  latter  if  mm  M>ti,  bmaa  eerawtOMt  of  punow  m  the  ponuili  of 
t(^ed49l,arwhiah8l9>nFe[du[ppon.     Maienunh^  and  Kotulioii.     He  bad 


elected  without  a  oootaL     In  IsaS  Mr.  182S  he  luoeecded  hii  hiother,  A 

Cnwlep  can»  fontard   on    the    liberal  quem  of  Tichfiebl,  a*  meoiber  foe  I^a 

iMerart,  and  defeated  Caplam  PoUull.    In  Regis,  and  rapieaeDted  that  boninrii  for 

1885  another  ctmlect    inetored    Captain  the  remainder  of  bi>  career.     Lorddcorp 

Polbill  to  hi*  aeat.    fai  1837  be  was  again  Bentinck  may  be  conddered  lo  have  he», 

ratumed  with  a  leeoiid  ConMrralive  can-  on  Ent  entering  parliament,  o>a  oT  the 

didate;   and  agun  in  1841 1   but  U  Iha  moderate  Whig  ichnol.     He  neier  wa^ 

Um  eloDlion,  in  1847,  Caffiln  Polbill  «u  like  hii  diatinguuked  relaliTC  Mr.  Can- 

Mtutei.     in  Pariiuaenl  CapUia  Polbill  ning,  a  <ntm  luppoifer  of  Catholic  eman. 

wia  a  mppoiter  of  Sir  Robert  Peel,  with  cipalian  i   and   if   be    attaclind   hianelC 

whom  he  aln  Toted  for  the  akcradon  of  about  tbi*  time,  more  diftinctlr  to  aay 

Ae  Com  Lawi.     He  wai  for  lonie  time  oiui  itateimaa  than  anotlwr,  it  ma  to 

leaaee  of  Oniiy-lane  Tbeatrts  and  wa*  Lord,  then  Mr.   SMdW,  aa  UtacbmeM 

Umacif  ibe  aulhcv  of  miiim  >uoeeMAJ  which,  ai  it  proved,  eoded  onl;  with  hit 
Ufo.    On  (he  acoeaaioa  of  Lord  Graj^ 


31.  At  Welbeok  Abbe;,  Notiiii^Mm'  adminirtntien,  m  ISW  Lord  Gaorgs  wm 

.  ire,  in  hit  47lh  veer.   Lord    William  a  general  but  ilill  verj  independent  nn- 

Oeorge    Prederick  Careodiah  Bentinck,  porter  of  GoTcroment.     Ha  voted  for  the 

"  "   '     ■  "'-  •     ■  ' '  '  prindpte  of  the  Reform  Bill,  hut  igainil 

aereral  of  iti  nuMt  important  dataib ;  for 

iutance,  ag 

-  .  „      .  !o  heir  of  Major-Oea.  John  vlaioni    «f    tbe    Bill ;    and    in    forour 

SeaO,  of  Balcomie,  oo.  Fifo,  and  aiter  to  of  the  celebrated  Chandoa  clame,  which 

Ae  late  ViiGouBtiai  Canning.     Although  gaie  lo  much  power  lo  tbe  landed  in- 

ayoangerchUdijetiaibiaitMllharhrowK  tareiL     In  Uaj  1833,  when  William  IV. 

a  TCrjooMideiahlenarrian  portion  to  UM  refiiaed  to  make  new  peen,  and  Lord  Grer 

alraady  weakhj  boute  of  Portland.  Lord  tendered  hi*  teaignabon  to  the  King,  Lord 

GeorgB  wa  not  drcumaoribod  in  hit  pa-  Geot|K  Bentinck  nae  a  ttroi^er  pioaf 
cuniatj  naoutoea  within  tbe  narrow  limita  -  than  be  had  yet  Bi'en  of  bia  complete 

mnal^  impoaed  upon  Aoae  who  occupy  a  independenoe  of  nie  Whig  party,  by  re- 

^nlbr  pONtion  Id  tbe  gteal  lamiUes  of  our  fining  to  tom  for  Lord  Ehrugton'a  famoiu 

aiiiiocncy.     It  did  not  tbnvfore  become  motion  of  nnabated  confldenoe  in  minb- 

j  for  bim  to  engage  with  much  tera,  whidi  jwioeedin^,  being  carried  by 

n  the  pumit  of  any  laborioui  a  lar^  majority,  finaiMd  the  Duke  of 

in ;  ttill  it  WIS  thoi^t  dnitable  Welhoglcni  attempt  at  Ibe  formation  of 

ihould  bare  lome  arocalion,  and  an  admiaialiBtioo,  and  dictated  terma  of 

he  entered  the  ann,  and  erentually  at-  •ubmivian  to  tbe  King  and  the  Houaa 


, . „_.  __jitable     Welhnglcn'i  attempt  at 

that  be  ahould  bare  lome  arocalion,  and    an  admiaialiBtioo,  and  d 
rentually  at-     •ubmivian  to  tbe  King 

Tbe  long     of    Lordt     Upon    that    occaajon    Lord 
of  an  actire     Geoi^  Bentinck  ellher  abatained  (ma 
attention  to     voting,  or  voted  in  the  minority  aganitf 
9  became  lecntBry  to  bia     the  motian.     Oa  the  retirement  of  Lord 
abam,  tb 
Ripoo.  f 
a  May  II 


peace  aSwding  no  proapect  of  an  active  Geoi^  Bentinck  ellher  abatained  (ma 

bia.  Lord  George  turned  hi*  attention  to  voting,  or  voted  in  the  minority  aganitf 

^*U  lervlce.  and  became  tea«aij  to  bia  the  motian.     Oa  the  retirement  of  Lord 

unole,  tbe  celebrated  George   tuning,  Stanley,  Sr  Jamci  Graham,  tbe  Duke  of 


of  hli  aeveral  private  tecretariea,  for  be     Grey'i  Oovemment,  in  May  1884,  Lord 


who  found  in  hia  lordihip  one  of  tbe  b^  Richmond,  and  Lord  Ripoo,  ftnm  Lord 
Grey'i  Oovemment,  in  May  1884,  Lord 
Geoi^  aeoeded  from  Ibe  Whig  ranki — if 
be  oan  ever  have  been  mid  to  hare  he- 

_, , ..    .  _^     _.     ,  longed  lo  Ihem — and  on  the  acoeaaon  of 

(kill  in  epiilolan  earreapondence,  which  Sir  Robert  Peel  to  office,  in  December 
auch  an  oOce  u  ganerally  nnpoaed  to  1834,  and  (he  opening  of  the  Parliament 
Tequil«,  wbile  it  preiented  to  hu  lordabip  in  1835,  he  wai  eitnmely  active  in 
one  of  the  moat  hvourable  opportiHiitiea  Ibmung  the  party  which  waa  aflenrardi 
dtaloouldpaaaibly  arin  for  entering  upon  ntcknamed  by  Mr.  O'Connell  die  "Derby 
B  publio  caiear.    AI  that  time,  however,     Dilly."     On  Ibe  defeat  of  Sir  Qiariea 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  263 

DEATHa— Sbr. 

ManiKTi  Sutlon  fw  the  Speakenhip,  aod  ttctionist  putj  wn  fonned'    OOe  or  two 

the  subaequent  proceedinsi  of  the  Whigi,  eountT;  gemlemeii  made  feeble  attempU 

which  led  to  the  treitjr  of  Lichfield  Houie,  lo  pl*oe  IbwMelree  et  fa)  bead;  •  few 

•nd  the  reogintioa  of  Sir  Robert  Peel,  aflMtt  proved   tbdr    inadequtD]'  to  Ifaa 

Lord  GeoTfte  in  the  mrmest  ininneT  ex-  talk  i  uid  il  wm  Man  diacoTcred  that 

pnmed  bii  diigutf,  and  irom  that  momeat  Lord  George  Bentinck,  ootwithMaiidiBj; 

enlf  and   arooedlf  joined  the  greal  hii  prerioui  ftilure^  and  notwHInlaDdiBg 


Bir  Robert  Peel  «*  IB  h^d.     Pnm^at 

moment  till  the  commcDceiDent  of  the  Maiu  irbaae  lead  (hat  pw^  mrnld  Ajlloir. 

(eaion  of  1846,  a  period  of  eleven  jeara,  Penonal  enemiei  he  had  none,  but  hii 

Lord  Geocge  EtantiBck  vai  a  ateadj  and  political  opponent!  were   mortified    aad 

unSiucfainK  nipporter  oT  Sir  Robert  PeeL  aitounded  tbat  wch  a  man  ihould  n* 

On    the    oTertnrow   of   ihe    Melbourne  *aIhiM  become  Ibe  head  of  the  Oppoaituiii. 

AdminiitratiDD,  in  August  1&4I,  Sir  Ro-  Few  public  erents  haTe  occuioMd  nun 

bert  Peel  received  the  Queea'a  command*  {{eaent  Mupriw  than  th«  ibort  period  of 

to  form  an  Adminialntlion ;  and,  after  bU  time  in  which   Lord   Geoi^    Bentinck 

Cabinet  and  principal  oflken  of  ilale  bad  built  ap  hb  parlianentair  cbaraeter ;  and 

been  named,  an  offer  of  office  wai  made  jet,  with  tha  public  at  wkb.  bi*  brdibi^ 

to  Lord  George  Benlinck,  in  a  manner  eajojwdeien  a  higher  npuMion  than  that 

the   moat    conseQial    to    hii   feeliuga —  whicii  he  ac^irHJ  amoegM  the  iWiMb 

twmely,  through  hi)  friend  Lord  Stanle^t  of  the  Houie  of  Comoiooa;  fxthemattw 

Tbat    offer,    ipontaoeoualy  made    by   a  of  hii  ipeechei  waicxcelleet.uid  hiaMyM 

miDister    who    was    well    aware    of    hii  Dolbelowpart  on  the  contmy.itwaimi 

^ilitiei,  which  he  waa  aniiaui  to  lecure,  markaUr  penpicuout,  occaaooaUj  lbh»i 

wai  reipectftjilj  declined,  not  from  want  ble,  and  erep  pk)Uf«aquet  but  be  wm  bo 

of  cordtalitj  toward)  the  new  AdmiairirB<  •entence-maker,  nor  in  the  leait  degree 

tion  and  iti  chief,  but  from  a  total  diiin.  an  actor ;  beoee  Ibe  cftct  Bf  hli  ipwchi 

clinalioD  totbe  carti  end  trouble)  of  office,  wai  produced  will  Ij  lij  lliiiaii  iimlJal  and 

Lord  George  at  tbat  lime  wu  daeplf  in<  Inlrinrie   qualitie*  wbidi   the    teadir,  • 

tenwted  in  Ihe  turf,  and  be  preferred  lo  thounnd  milei  fhim  London,  could  coa- 

give  a  dinnleteried  uipport  to  the  Go-  pare  with  tbwe  of  rival  and  adterie  elatea- 

Temmenl,  not  the  leo  lealoui  becauae  it  men,  with  a  co<der  judHiueut  and  men 

wa)  perfectly  indemodent     Ihiring  the  perfect  mcani  of  apttnoalion  than  men 

fint  tour  yeui  of  Sir  R(d>ert  Peel')  Ad-  who,  li«ening  in  the  Houie  of  CommODi 

miniitration.  Lord  Geoi^  Bentinck  WM  to  the  more  artiMio  diiplaya  of  profcrnicMi 

never  abient  from   hii  Hnt;   awake  or  oraton,  became  lo  daiiled  by  ligbt,  and 

aileep,  there  he  invariably  Ht,  from  the  M  heated  by  fire,  IhU  they  rarely  did  hU 

meeting  of  the  Howe  till  lU  riiirw,  gene-  juitice  to  the  array  of  fecta  tod  reaaonfag 

rally  ocoipyins  Ibe  lame  teat  on  Uie  back  which  Lord  Oeorge  Bentinck  wa*  BECtw- 

bertebea  on  uie  HtniMerial  lide  of  the  tomad  to  brin^  to  any  diacuMion  in  wUck 

Uoun.     At  Ihii  lime  Lord  George  wai  il  niited  hia  Tiewi  to  itand  forth  ettfaer  aa 

Tcry  eager  in  hi)  pureuil  of  the  chua,  and  adrocate  or  aoeuMr.     Pumihly  hii  inde- 

kept  a  large  itud  of  hunleri  in  the  neigh-  pendence  with  reference  to  nie  alrielet 

bourhood  of  Andover,  for  ihe  mirpoK  of  hondi  of  party  WM  not  without  ita  elbet 

hunting  with  Mr.  Auheton  Smith'i  cele-  in  giring  him  a  high  place  in  the  puUio 

braled    pack    of   fiii-houndi.     He    wai  cKlmation ;  lor,  whatenr  may  be  thought 

alwayi  coiuidered  a  very  bard  rider,  and  with  rnard  to  the  tendency  of  hia  me- 

hii  custom  wai,  after  tbe  lateit  debates  in  trisei.  Uere  aeeow  to  be  no  inclinatioB  ia 

'  I,  and  be  off  by  the  any  quarter  to  di^Mito  hb  general  o 


•even  o'clock  train,  have  a  hrag  day't  nitency  and  uprightneaa  aa  a  public  mai 
hunting,  ind  return  agalo  by  the  South  He  wai  never  an  uncratpromiinig  partim 
Weitem  Railway  direct  to  tM  Houie  of    fer  be  rated  asainM  the  o~'~' '  '* 


Commont,  throw  a  l^t-coloured  blouie  higher  Toriei  in  luppofting 

or  lepbyr  over  hii  lorlet  coat,  and,  fitlly  eaJled  ."  CathoUe    Smancipation."    Hb 

Bccoubed  in  leolben  and  topi,  thus  enter  nexl  fuece  of  liberaUnn  wai  to  vnte  hi 

the  Houw,  take  hii  leatiand  lit  out  an-  favour  of  the  priodple  of  Ae  Reform  Act, 

other  long  deb«t»    When  Sir  Robert  Peel  though  ha  oppoied  many  at  ih  delaili. 

iQiroducedbufree-trademean»es,inl848,  He  rapported  the  bill  for  removiag  the 

be  eitnnged  a  larse  pvportion  of  hu  mp-  Jewbh  dinbilitiei,  and  recommendM  tha 

purten,  aod  what  bai  bMO  called  the  Pro-  pi^menl  of  Ibe  Homan  Cathnlio  efetg; 


^Je 


2M        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS — Sept. 

the    lutdownen   of    Ireland.     Lord  death  irill  be  found  id   out  Chronicle, 

reor^  therefore  mi  lo  ^  from  being  aee  p.  122. 

■n    old-luhkiDed   "thick    and   thin   par-  —  In  Norland-aquare,  Bajsnter.aged 

titan,"  that  he  might  l>e  better  deacnbed  56,  Jantei  Campbell,  eiq.,  Aaaidanl  Secre- 

ai  a  politidan  peculiarlj  hvourable  to  tary  of  llw  OenenI  Post  Office. 

the  maintenance  of  open  quolioni.     A>  S3.   At  BroaditBin,  aged  73,  I4eut-- 

he  neter  held  office,  hit  qualiGcationa  General   Sir  Charlet  William  Maxwell, 

■I  •  practical  Malemun  were  not  lairly  knt.,   K.C.H.   and   C.B.     He  wai  ibe 

totted,  though  he  made  tome  impottant  eldest  too  of  Charlet   Maxwell,  eiq.,  of 

propotitions.  of  nhich  the  lixleen-millioa  Tenauftht;,  in    Dumfrietahir«,    by   the 

loan  to  the  Iriih  railwaja  ma;  be  died  ai  eldeit  duiahler  of  Jamet  Douglaa,  eaq., 

anelample;  and  ha  effected  mwy  amend-  andpaDd^itughlerofSir  WilliamDougtu, 

oenUin  meaHiretpropotedbv  hit  political  of  Kilbead,  in  the  tame  counlj.     He  tnt 

<^>ponentt.     Wfauhe  might  hace  been  in  emploved  on  the  ooati  of  Afnca  in  1909, 

power  no  man  can  tell ;  what  he  baa  been  when  be  raptured  the  Freucfa  garriaon  al 

m  Opponlion  it  heit  teen  In  the  feet  that  tbe  tetllement  of  Senegal.     On  ibe  29lb 

•carcel;  any  aertet  of  pai4tamenlary  labour*  December  fbllowing  he  attained  the  tank 

ereroblailMdfbrainemberofeilhiR'HouMi  of   Lieutenant. Colonel.     He   afterwarda 

to  much  influenoe  in  M  thort  a  lime.     Il  continued   Oucemor-general   and   Com- 

haa  often  been  taid  thai  no  one,  within  mander-m-Chief  of  the  ialand  of  Gone, 

Uw   tame    number   of   Tcan,   niade   to  the  tetilementi  of  Senegal,  and  Siena 

manjr  damaging  tpeecbet  at  Lord  George  Leone,  to  Jul;  181S.     In  the  sameTetr 

Bentinek,  bj  which  phiwe  it  wat  meant  be  wu  made  a  Companion  of  Ibe  Bath, 

that  DO  oike  contributed  more  tfaan  be  did  and  on  ihe  ]5lh  June  wat  made  Lieut- 

to  diaturb,  injure,  and  weaken  the  Minittry  Col.  of  Ihe  Slit  Foot.     He  also  aerred  in 

whote  en]  lale  eipoted  them  lo  hit  mer-  '                     '  ""     '' 
dlen  boMilit]'.     In  1846  he  made  a  me- 
morable attack  on  Sir  Robert  Peel  with 

reference    to    Ihe    treatment  which    hit     .      .  .  .     .    _  

uncbi,   Mr.   Canning,   had    experienced  Nevit.  Tortola,  Anguille,  and  the  Virain 

from  tbe  Tory  part;  1  but  it  is  undentood  Islands.   He  became  Major-Oeneral  IMO, 

that  Lord  Oeoi^  wai  oTer-perauaded  lo  received   the    honour   of   knigblhood  in 

nuke  thia  attack  by  other  relations  of  Mr.  1836,  and  aUained  Ihe  rank  of  Lieulcnanl- 

Canniaff,  who  were  inlenl  upon  Ctie  down-  General  1841. 

ftllof  the  Administration,  and  Ihat  he  wat  —  At   Yarmouth,   in   bit  73rd  year, 

led  hy  hit  warm  tempenmenl  and  honctt  CapL  Jamet  Guthrie,  after  48  jean'  mili- 

leal  mio  making  llut  attack,  at  Into  a  lary  tervice  in  Sicil;.  North  at  Spain,  and 

•omewhat  tmarter  one  on  Lord  Lyndhuiit  at  Corunna;  then  in  Walcheren;  after- 

•od   Lord   Ripon.  wbich   in   his   cooler  wards  in  Ibe  pentniula  till  Ihe  peace  m 

judgment  he  regrftled.     Il  it  due  lo  bii  1814. 

memory  lo  state  that  long-cberithed  re-  S4.   Al    Briffhion,   aged    18,    Heniy, 

tentmenit  were  not  in  Ihe  nature  of  Lord  third  son  of  me   Right   Hon.   Williun 

Geoi^  Bentinek,  and  meet  certeinl;  had  Yatea  PeeL 

nothing  whatever  lo  do  with  the  line  of  —  In  WTndhtm-plae«,agedS6,  Emilj, 

Klicy  which  he  adopted  relative  to  Ihe  wife  of  W.  Ward,  eaq.,  lanaetiy  M.  P.  for 

e-trade  measurea  of  Sir  Robert  Peel  in  the  dtj  of  London.     She  wat  a  daughter 

1846.     During  hit  career  on  tbe  turf,  of  Harrej  Combe,  eiq.,  M.P,  Alderman 

Lord  George  Bentinek  is  understood  to  of  London. 

haierealit^  very  considerable  gains.    Ha  28.    At  bit  maniloa,  Altingham   Hall, 

pniaeMedatmoatailthequaliGcationswhich  near   Shrewsbury,  in  hit  74lh  Tear,  Ihe 

make  a  man  eminent  in  the  sporting  world  Right  Hon.  and  Rev.  Richard  Noel  Hill, 

— unrivalled  judgment  in  hortefleth,  tin-  fourth    Boron    Berwick,    of    Attingham 

gular  ihrewdneu  in  penetrating  the  arcana  (17S4),     Hit    lordihip    was    third    and 

of  a  racing  stable,  matchless  rapidit)'  in  youn)(e*t  ton  of  Thomas  Noel,  Grtt  Lord 

calculating  all  imaginable  diancei,  and  Berwick,  bj   Anne,  daughter  of  Henrj 

indomilable  determination  to  cxpoae  and  Vemnn,  eeq.,  of  Hilton,  in  the  county  of 

punith  as  many  as  potsible  of  the  iniiuniei  StaSbrd.     He  wat  bora  October  I),  1774, 

which  even  yet  conlinua  lo  ditgrace  the  and  on  tbe  9th  April,  1797,  was  admitted 

good  old  English  sport  of  horte-racing.  a  tcholar  at  Rugby,  under  the  mastership 

Lord  George  wat  not  married.      The  me-  of  Ihe   Rev.   Dr.  James.      He  wat  alter- 

bncholf  circumitancea  of  hit  lordsfaip't  wardi  a  nobleman  of  St  John's  College, 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE.  255 

DEATHS.— Oct. 

Cwnbridge,  nhero  be  reedved  tbe  bon-  planted  to  tbe  coniiDU<]'Df  llie  Durtitm 

onry  degree  of  M.  A.  in  1795.     Id  1799  rural  police,  in  nhich  offlce  hi*  dMenni- 

be  wu  presented  by  liii  father  to  the  nation  and  adminiitrative  ikill  were  of 

rectorj  of  Bening Ion,  near  Shremburyj  important  lenice,  during  the    repealed 

to  tbe  anull  rectory  of   Sutton,  ■!  thai  diiuiibancea  unong  the  pitmen  and  rough 

time  within  the  libertieaortbe  tame  town  i  population  of  that  diaCricL 
■od  alio  to  the  rcclorr  of  Thomlon,  neu        3.  In  Qrogienor-Mreet,  Henrietta,  relict 

Cheater;  which  benefices  be  reaigned  on  of  Henry  Oally  Kniglit,  eiq.,  M.P.,  and 

iucceeding  to  the  peerage.     He  aanimed  aister  to  the  Counteia  Manvcre.    She  naa 

the  additional  name  of  Noel  before  Hill  the  third  daughter  of  Aalhonj  Hardolph 

in  1B24,  and  he  aucceeded  to  the  peerage  Eyre,  esq.,  of  Groie,  co.  Notlt,  by  Fnu- 

on  the  death  of  Ricbard  Noel,  tbe  third  cites  AJicia,  third  daughter  of  Richard 

Lord  Berwick,  Aug.  4,  1842,  being  the  "'""     ■       "     -  .... 

third  brother  to  whom  it  had  devolved  ia  

■ucceiuoD.     Lord   Berwick   married,  at  her  couiin,  John  Hardolph  Eyre,  eaq,, 

St.   Cbsd't,   Shrewsbury,   16lh  January,  who  died  wilhoul  ittue    in   1817;   and 

laOO,  Maria  France*,  tecoad  dwigfaler  of  aecondly  lo  Mr.  Oally  Knight,  who  died 

..      ..._   ,..,.,__  w__^   « ,  i^  Ig^g 

—  In  Upper  Portland-place,  aged  67, 
Joaeph  HamW,  eiq..  Councillor  of  hi* 
Daii]*h   MBJe*^**  Court,  and  Knishi  of 

—  In  F1ttroy-iquai«,  aged  74,  Edward  tbe  Daonebrog,  of  tbe  firm  of  Heam. 
Orme,  etq.,  for  many  yean  a  niagiilrale  C.  J.  Hambro,  Son,  and  Co.,  of  Old 
and  depu^-lieutenant  fiir  Middleiex.  Bioad-itreeL 

—  At  kitepp  Caatle,  near  Weal  Grin-  —  Jane,  relict  of  Benjamin  Bellehtm- 
Med,  Prances,  wifii  of  Sir  Charie*  Merrik     ben,  eeq.,  of  Sc  Jobn^street. 

BurreH,  bart.  —    In    Cbester-aquaie,     P.    Laurent 

SO.  At  hi*  houie,  in  Upper  Seyntoor-  Campbell, en., lata         '        '"     "     ' 

street,  Marylebone,  aged  60,  Lieutenant-  Weitem  Railway. 

General  the  Hon.  Geoive  Murray,  Auditor  —  In  Dorer-ttreet,  Chariotta,  wile  of 

of  Ibe  Exchequer  in  Scotland.     He  was  Capt.  Oawen  Robens,R.N.,eldcttdau^ 

bom   April  8,  1780,  tbe  second  son  of  ter  of  Lord   Chief  Juttlce   Chdlaa,  and 

David,  the  second   Earl,  by  bis  second  niece  to  Sir  George  Dallas,  bart. 

wife,   the   Hon.   Louita   Cathart,  third  —  At  Ennit.  aged  85,  the  Very  Rer. 

j_.._.. ,.^L._, i_.L  ...J  ^_.L — .  Terence  O'Shaughnessy,  Roman  C   '    '^- 

Dean  of  the  diocese  of  Kilialoe. 

1  right).      He  wa*  un-  —  At  Orettes  cottage,  Soulhsea,  Capt 

married.  John  Reynolds,  R.  N.     He  was  a  lieute. 

—  At  Broom  Hall,  aged  69,  Henry  nanl  of  the  Sanla  Margaritta  frigate,  in 
Pinson  Toier  Aubrey,  fm\.,  a  deeceodaiit  Kr  Richard  J.  Slracbaa't  scllon,  Nov. 
of  Iiord  Chancellor  Harcourt  4tfa,  1805 ;  on  which  occasion  a  French 

retr-sdmiral  and  four  line-of-b^e  ship* 

lured.     Early  in  1812,  he  was 

o  Ibe  command  of  H.  M.  culler 
jyimble,  which  vetael  untbrtunalely  faun- 
1.  At  Durliam,  aged  60;  IMajor  Jamei  dered  in  a  Tiolrnt  itorm,  while  cniuing  in 
WemyK  h^  constable  of  tbe  county  of  (he  Sleere,  Nov.  6th  Allowing ;  the  whole 
Durham,  formerly  of  the  Scott  Greys,  of  her  creir,  however,  providentially 
Major  Wemyss  w*s  noted  for  hit  cool  escaped.  During  the  period  that  Lieut. 
courage.  As  senior  captain,  it  fell  to  his  Reynolds  commanded  these  culler*,  he 
lot  to  lead  the  final  charge  of  the  Scots  caplured  and  destroyed  three  Daniih  pri- 
Greyt  at  Waterioo,  the  result  of  which  tateen,  and  no  lest  than  thirty.tbur  sail 
wa*  the  final  overthrow  of  the  power  of  of  merchantmen  ;  wo*  frequently  in  action 
Napoleon.  During  the  conflict  Captun  with  the  enemy's  flotitli;  and,  on  one 
Wemyis  had  no  ttwei  than  three  bornea  occasioti.ws*  tligbtlywounded.  Sogreall^ 
thotuoderhim.  Thoughsererelywounded  were  the  Norwegian  men:haiilB,  in  pwti. 
tn  Ae  arm,  he  bravely  led  bis  followers  cular,  annoyed  by  his  active  and  successftd 
into  tbe  midit  of  the  conSlct,  and  to  eiertiont  against  their  trade,  that  they  ao- 
greatly  lignsJiBed  himself  thathe  waapro-  lually  ofiei^  a  considerable  reward  for 
moted  to  (he  rank  of  Major,  and  rewarded  his  capture.  For  these  services  be  re- 
wilb  a  pension.     ftUjor  Wcmyn  was  ap-     ceived  the  high  a^robalion  of  his  com> 


256        ANNUAL   REG  ISTE  B,  184a 

DEATHS.— Oct. 

■)Ud«r-in.(!hlef,    Sir  Jmum   Stntnuei.  might  be  neoeMnr  bt  Iba  dna  ocUrfc 

Cuttin  [lc;DoldiwM  conNuitlTcmplojed  linn  of  dirine  •citvob  ;  logeiker  ttilk  tbm 

dunog  tiM  war,  and  oaamanded  lemil  uiefal  addilioa  of  luirM-elocka,  aid  ft 

ihipi  nace  tba  paaea.  tooer,  where  i«quired.     Tb*  gmoMil* 

&  At  SlockhiiMiii.TeM,Tei7iii(UtDlr,  of   Hr.  Scott  likewiae  Oomd  in  otbar 

in  hit  S5th  y«w,  William  Bavlej,  ea|.,  for  okaniMb  than  IboM  alnadj  ownliatied.  Irf 

■Muf  jean  •  principal  wlicitor  at  Stock-  A«quenl  and  laigc    dooaiion*  le  naoy 

taa-M-Taca,    Praddeot  of   that  town^  of  Um  poblie  InMitMioni  aad  iapnre. 

Uechanici'  fauHlutioa,  and  Uember  ot  mcM*  ooanected  with  ShwiwIiiBy.  at  la> 

Am  Bfitidi  Amodatloa  fcr  Um  AdnoM-  vanb  mburipdom  fcr  Ibe  erecdoo  «r 

Bant  of  Scienc*.  mlaiging  of  ehurahe*;  for  in  dMaa,  uld 

9.  At  bMipaHniMti,  Part-aMet,  Oroi.  In  man^  other  pnpoaM  and  objecli^  ha 

TenM>aquare,  the    Bar.    RiclMrd    Soolt,  piadiaad  uni*«nal  benetoleoM,  a*  it  Mn 

B.D.,  of  ShrewAui;.     The  aaiwuoce-  froa  an  impuhe  of  nature,  MwaU  aifroM 

meni  of  thia  rerereod  genllanian't  do-  aiMMaof  duty;  hii hand  bong  gaaeidl* 


•ipteMtonof  •ocrow.BiabBrenetnent  of    occanonai  gtfti  to  the  poor  were  etas- 
.  forhewMam  -     " '-' " —  -- 


of  the  Boat  ezlawled  benetolence,   nf    fi)ua(UD  nf  the  heart. 

■fdendidpntnii'' 

bej'oaMil  auM  a 


■plendid pntnaU;, opnghtaod ebwilabla     „J\^P^''^,  Hoinid,  YadcdUrcBj^ 


■Dbwnknt  U    the   aunt  Eari  of   Cariide,    Vjaxxuit  Howard  ot 

nluatila  of  all  purpoaai    the  heoellt  of  Morpeth,  co.  Notthumbaiknd,  and  8«l«a 

lbs  commuail;^.     Thii  wai  particulariy  Dacn  al   OillBiiand,  co.    CuMbcrian^ 

maoifoated  daring  the  pait  fifteen  jt*n  nf  Kn^l  of  the  Oailer,  a  Prin  ConnoiUor, 

hi«  life,  in  the  couna  of  whieh  Mr.  Soott  IXC.L.  and  F.R.S,     Hit  Innkblp  wa 

tipended  apwarda  of  thirteen  thouMnd  bom  hi   London  on   the  17th  of  BtpL 

pouodt  fai  public  improfeiDnita  ahiDa.  1778; theeldertamof  Pnd^riek, theUlh 

Of  thU  nim   at  leaM   Im  tbounnd  bu  Bail  of  Ckriirie,    K.O.,  br  Imij   Uu- 

. ,.„. ..-,.__, ... . ,„   ._____^  ^^_Y       , 


owad  iB  adomitw  NTen  of  tb«  garet  Cai«bi 

In  the  town,  by  ife  intKidiMlioti  daiuAter  of 

.   wMlv  uid  beauUfid  windowiof  SlaArd.     H 

atained  glaaa,  by  a  ftmaly  repair,  and  ae-  at  Eton,  and  trota  tbenca  be  wm 

-    ■    -  '      .  Ik.  __— _  ^  i:_i..  —.J.  »  '- —  .  .-    ™   1  .  ™     .1    ".  -    . 


liyeducatiaa 


eat  and  in  numaroM  made  for  hi*  Mttins  m  pariiament  for  (he 

I. .  fomiij  bofoogh  of  MorpeHw  for  whit*  be 

iii^MdidparfomaMW  wai  rv^bonsnin  179aai)d  1802.    lalTSO 

Of  dirine  worridp.     The  hilerior  of  the  be  mored  the  addtem  at  tba  opeoii^  «f 


■Ub  of  whataTar  ai^ht  m 
me  decant  anderco  (^eiM 


, aneiampleii  bim  in''l7Se,aBdlhBtof  b.&L.is  intL 

«rilin|rlT«ihibilediiitfaeT«nenbleAbbey  On  hia  coming  of  t^ia  1794, 

andSl.Oilaa'ichurclMat  andianumeraM  made  for  hittittingm 
~  whataTar  Bi^l 
ant  andenon 

le  wonidp.     „ ..-  — . — „ ^ „  _ 

1  Hoaio   Hall  at  Shrawibniy  i*.  partianwnt,  and  in  the  Mme  «r  he  ac- 

nurad  il*  elegant  aod  taitafol  beau^at  oooipanied  LordMalmedHuyinhiidiplo- 

Ua  obarge,  a»l,  with  the  Mlliant-tooed  made  mianon  to  Fiance.    In  180S  be  wa* 

•r^ui,  «oM  UKIa  ihort  of  deren  hundred  appointed  lo  a  leat  at  the  Indik  Board, 

pouad).     The  anciani  Market  Houa*  hi  and  twom  a  Privy  CooMUlcr.     At  Ibe 

tba  MM  town  wia  Ibe  IbM  ptiblio  woffc  general  daction  in  DaMmbar,  1806.  bs 

which  receiTed  hto  Und  attention,  in  the  waa  letimed  for  the  eounly  of  CuaibB- 

nnoratieM    of  thoae    parti    whidi    had  land,  but  when  hiifriendii|uitied  office  he 

jieldtd  to  tine  «m1  the  weather.     Nor  of  courae  tengned  hii  place  at  the  India 

waaUabaneAaencelimiladiDtheaemaltan  Baa)d,a&ddiirnMattb«eD«uiagelaedou 

to  Shi«wihui7i  it  eitanded  even  iMo  the  again  oflerhimwif  for  CuiBbcrlBd,wbkA 

CMmM,  a*  nay  be  letn  In  the  Tillue  ooun^  he  hidreprwtnledforaportfamof 

ctmrdn  of  Cremage,  Barley,  GrinahUI,  three  parhanent*.    Nor  did  he,  owiag  to 

and  hi  that  leceotly  erected  at  the  hMolet  the  near  proqiect  of  awcwding  to  Ae 

of    Bayftoa    HilL    Salop.      The  MCMd  pMnge,againnekaMat  in  the  UoiMif 

.  adificai  io  tbaae  placea  wet*  dmilariy  iiip-  Cooimoni.      The  Lotd-Ueutmian^  of 

^dndaa  Iboeain  the  tnetrapalitan  town,  the  Eatf  Riding  beooming  racuit  m  ISM. 

with  elegant  itained  glau  windcwa,  ahtf-  hia  lordihip,  notwitlHlandicv  bia  beina 

•creeD*.fca,alNwitl)rachrequiHte  pulpit  c^^poaed  lo  tbe   Hiniiliy,  wa*  a^oteted 

hanging!,  fiimituie,  and  ^ipandagta  m  to  that  honouiritle  office.     On  Iba  4^  of 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 

DEATHS.— Oct. 


Sept.  1623,  Lord  Morpeth  succeeded  hit  Thomu  UuMev.  «iq..  of  WrexhuD,  co. 

ruher  a  lixlfa   Earl  of  Ctriiile;  vid  in  Denbiirh.     [d  179°  "^ "  -"'^ 

1B27,  when  the   Canning  miniiln'  sru  the  troopi  under  S 

fiwnied,  the  noble   Evl  received  the  4p-  lurrender  of  the   Dulcti  fleet  (□  Admiial 


Denbiirh.     Id  1796  be  wu  preaenl  m 
1827,  when  the   Canning  miniiliy  wu     the  troopi  under  Sir  Jamei  Crwg  >I  11 
fiwnied,  the  noble   Evl  received  the  4p-     lurrender  of  the   Dutch  fleet  (□  Admir 
pcHnlnkent    of    Chief    Commiuioner    of     Lufu,  and  served  in  Ceylon  and  with  tbe 
Woodt  and  Foietti.     Thii  oSice  wuheld      Indian  trooH  who  embaibed  in  Ihe  eipe- 
....     -  .j,[p|^  ^  ^^       ,.     .     ,  ... 


'TSeal,  1 


bv  bit  lordihip  till  the  death  of  Mr.  Can-  dilion  lo  Eajpt.     He  had  aucceeded  to 

Dinir  led  lo  the  formation  of  the  Goderich  the  estate  of  Cockaimie,  and  part  of  Ihe 

'a  which  he  wai  appointed  Lord  barony  of  Inverkeithing,  on  the  death  of 

I,  which  be  held  until  Januar;  hu  ftther  in  1794  i  and  on  Ihe  SOlb  of 

itWH.     When  the  Whiga  came  intooffice  April,  I8S5,  he  wai  knidlited  bj  Kiu 

under   Lord   Grey,  In   December  1830,  Geor|(e  IV.  at  Carlton  Palace,  in  cona- 

Lord   Carliile,   ihoui^h  he   accepted  no  deration   of  his  ancient  and  honourable 

place  in  that  Miniitrj,  took  a  leat  in  Ibe  descenL      He  married,  in    Sept    1907, 

Cabinet,  but  did  not  lungeontinue  to  hold  Laura,  four) b  daughter  of  William  Hob- 

dial  unuiual  mark  of  royal  and  miniHerial  aon,  eiq.,  of  Markoeld,  Id  Middletel,  and 

confidence,  for  bis  lordibip  withdrew  alio-  bad  issue. 

gelherfrom  public  life  in  1834.    Although         11.  At  Binningban,  where  be  bad  been 

•t  that  lime  not  much  more  than  60  jean  confined  erer  since  the  oierthrow  of  the 

of  age,  yel  it  became  evident  that  he  wu  express  train  at  Newlon  Bridge  on  the 

&lliagintotbedecTppitudeofage.  Thence-  !2nd  of  Sept.,  Hr.   Sfauard.  architect,  of 

Airwvd     he    resided   principally   in    the  Somerleylon,    Suffolk.^ Also,   from    ibe 

counlrj,   his  name   ceased  to  be  men-  nme  accident,  in  his  72nd  year,  Lieut, 

lioned  in  political  circles,  and  at  length  Colonel  James  Baird,  of  Stirling. 
be  sank  into  the  grave,  doubtless  u  much         —  At  L<^e,  Aberdeenshire,  aged  83, 

beloied  by  bit  family  and  personal  friends  Bir  Robert  Dalrymple  Mom  Elpbinstone, 

u  he  wu  respected  bj  bis  political  aiso-  of  Horn  and  Logie  Elphinstone,  barL,  a 

ciales.      Hrs  lordship  was  elected  of  the  deputy  lieutenant   oF    that  county.      He 

Order  of  the  Garter  in   the  year    1887.  wastheonly  surviving  son  of  Gen.  Robert 

He  resigned  the  office  of  Lord  Lieulenant  Dalryniple,  who  assumed  the  names  of 

of  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire  in  July,  Horn   Elphinstone,   by  Mary,  daughter 

1847,  and  Lord  Morpeth,  bia  lordship's  and  heir  of  Sir  James   Elphinstone  of 

eldest  son,  wu  appoinled  to  succeed  him.  Logie.     In   early  life  he  served  in  the 

The  Earl  of  Carlisle  mErried.  on  Ihe  25th  arroT,  from  which  he  retired  with  the  rank 

«f  March.  1801,  Lady  Georgians  Dorothy  of  LieulenanI- Colonel  in  Ibe  Scots  Fini- 

Cavendisb,  eldest  daughter  of   William,  tier  Guards.     He  wu  created  a  Baronet 

fifth    Duke  of  Devonshire  \  and  by  that  of  the  United   Kingdom  by  patent  dated 

lady,  who  survives  him.  he  had  issue  six  Jan.  16,   ifSS.     He  married.   Hay  21, 

aoTU  and  six  daughters.  IBOO,  Gmme,  daugjilerof  Cdonel  Darid 

—  Al  Deronport,  Retired  Commander  Hepburn,  a  younger  son  of  Hepburn  of 

John  Frmncis  Wharton  ( 1808).     The  de-  Congallon,  and  had  issue  nine  sons  and 

ceased  officer  served  u  a  midshipman  on  four  daughters,  who  place  Ihe  name  of 

board  one  of  the  ships  in   Lord  Howe's  Dalrymple  after  Elphinstone. 
action,   let  of  June,   1794;   also  under         12.  Aged  83,  Marianne,  ladv  of  Major 

Lord  Hotham  on  the  cout  of  Eg|pl,  and  Geoin    Watben,     Mitilary    Knigbt   ot 

vw  in  the  receipt  of  a  "  good  service  pen-  Windsor, 
rion. '  —  Al  Southampton,  aged  65,  the  relict 

8    At  Mooltan,  Sdnde,  In  the  camp  of  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Arcfaibald  Campbell, 

Lieut.  Edwardes,  wed  33,  LleuL  Wilmot  bart,  G.C.B. 

Christopher,  of  the  Indian  Navv,of  wounds        —  At  Manchester,  Mr.  W.  H.  Beolley. 

received  on  the  9tb  of  Sept.  while  guiding  He  wu  well  known  u  a  naturalist,  and 

tome  of  Her  Majesty's  troops  (to  whom  was  skilled  in  the  sdence  of  compantiTe 

the  localiliea  were  unknown)  in  a  ni^t  anatomy.     He  wu  appointed  curator  of 

attack  on  the  fortifications  of  the  enemy.  the  Manchester  Zoological  Gardens,  on 

10.  At  Cockaimie,  Fifeshire,  aged  7S,  their  first  eetabliabmenl. 
Lieut.- Colonel  Sir  Robert  Moubniy.  K.A-,         13.  At  his  seat,  Johnstown,  near  Rath- 

«  deputy  lieutenant    and  magistrate   of  cool,  a>.  Dublin,  aged  63,  Sir  Jobn  Ken- 

Fifeshire.     He   was  descended  from  an  nedy.  bart.,  a  deputy  lieutenant  for  that 

ancieni  family  long  seated  at  Cockaimie,  county. 

and  was  Ibe  son  and  heir  of  Robert  Mou-         —   At  Twickenham,  aged  70,  John 

bny,   esq.,    by   Arabella,    daughter   of  Edward  Conant,esq.,of  Upper  Witnpol*- 
Voi..  XC.  S 


258        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Oot. 

■treet.MeondiODof  Sir  Nathaniel  Count,  ntuation  he  «n»  hi  1837  called  In  flS  tte 

IbrmeKT  cbieT  nugiilnte  of  Bon-ibnet.  chair  of  Onental  Lapgwgta  n  die  Uid- 

Mr.  J.  G.  ConanI  wu  called  to  the  bar  U  *eftitT  of  St   Andrei^i,  nasi  b;  dw 

Lincoln'!  Ino,  No*.  27.  18J6,  and  m  death  of  Dr.  Datid  Scott,     b  IBW  Hi; 

fcr  mna  yaait  «  police  magiilnte  at  the  Tennant  publkhed  a  STriac  and  ChaUia 

MaiborouBh.i(i  est  OSice,  to  whioh  ha  wa*  Oiammar,  and  rinee  then  ha  haa  0t<b  to 

^ipointed  id  1817.  the  world  a  Tolume  of  Hetwaw  Dnnaa. 

—  At  Torquay,  affad  SO,   Hariuine  Beudea  hi*  »  Anter  Pair.-'  Hr.  TmmM 

Oilbetta,  widow  of  John  J.  WaJiehunl  ■«*  ihe  author  of  "  Cardinal  Bealsa,  a 

Peytaa,eM|.,ofW«kehui«t  Place.  Sooei.  trandy,"  and  Tarioui  amalt  noan^    IIm 

cldeM  dau^ter  of  Sir  Smt  Clayton  EaK,  HAnti  chair  at  Edinburafa  College  k  abD 

hart,  of  Rdl  Haca,  Berlcdiire.  Tendered  neani  by  the  (ieUh  <d  Profawr 

13.  At  bi*  houae,  DeroD-grova,  Dollar,  TennanL 

Mr.Wi]ltamTennant,Pn>ftBBorofOrieiitaI  —  At  Clifton,  CarotiM, nlld of  Bte*- 

Lansuaitea  in  the  CoUeae  «f  St.  Mary  at  art  Crawford,  cml,  of  Bath.  H.IX,  linrth 

Sl  Andreir'*,  and  at  Edinburgh  Collc^.  daughter  of  Sir  William  P.  A.  A'Conit, 

Mr.  Tennant  wai  a  native  of  Anrirutbar, .■■>..  •.!.. 

■  imall  town,  which  gare  hirth  ako  to 
Dr.  Chalmen.     Tbedrcunutanoetof  hi* 


16.  Suddei^,  in  Kit^Vroad  CM«» 
Mr*.  HaiT  H'OMh.K'andihurtteriif  iba 
late  SirNieholw  Bayly,  bart.,llnmc(h«f 
Plai-F^dd,  Awlcaaa.  aiatw  of  tba  We 


pointed  oul  the  path  of  Mudy  on  which  he     Plai-Newydd,  Awlai^ ... 

early  CQlered  ai  that  in  which  he  might     Oen.  Kr  IleDiT  £;ly,  C  B.,  CoL  oftha 
overcome  the  dindvanbigei  of  poverty  and    Sth   Foot,  and  iial  eoilrin  of  tha  ftant 


_.  Ue  became,  and  oonlinued  Marquaa  of  An^eaey. 

Ihrougb  life  to  be,  a  lealoua  uid  nicoea-         17.  Al  Bath,  aged  63,  Captaia  Phaip 

fill  (bideat,  eapecially  of  language!.     Al  Henry  Bridget  R.N. 
fifteen  he  wu  tent  to  the  IJmTenity  of        18.  AgeirAS,  Cbarba  Nerill,  eaq.,  of 

St.  Andrew'!,  where  be  studied  under  the  NeTill  ihiL     He  wai  the  aaoond  aon  af 

ftnioui  Dr.  Hunter.     Like  all.  howerer,  Coamoa  Nerill,  e«|.,  F.S.A..  by  Hirii, 

who  attain  the  honoun  of  ■choUnhip,  il  dau(ihier  of  Williain  Gardiner.  eai|. 
wu  but  little  that  the  uDiveniiy  did  fbr         19.   At  the  Villa.  Maidoohead.  aged  Mk 

him  in  compariion  to  what  he  achierod  Penally,  relidof  Wlliaia  Walaaa.«^i 

ftr  hiinwlf.     In  aecret  be  wu  diligentlv  of  Queen-aquare,  Btoomhuty. 
amaningthDM  vaMitoruofliteraryweaith        90.  At  Boit^  Abbey,  aged  9S,  the 

which  raiaed  him  to  public  honour,  while  Lady  Maria  Eliiaheth  Pinch,  thbd  danc'i- 

they  were  the  iobce.of  a  life  ipenl  chiefly  ter  ot  Henaga,  third  Eart  of  Ayledbid. 
in  lolitude.     He  had  been  but  two  irean        31.  At  bi>  bouN  in  tbe  College,  Dur. 

at  college  when  he  wat  called  away  to  fill  ham.  Id  bi>  72ad  year,  tbe  Hon.  and  Bm. 

the  nluation  of  clerk  to  hie  brother,  than  Gerald  Vaieiiao  wdlealey,  D.  D.,  Canon 

a  corn  inerchBill.     In  thie  humble  iphere,  of  Durbam,  Rector  of  Bafaopwearmoulh, 

while  erery  duty  wai  Uthfblly  discharged,  Chaplam  in  Ordinary  to  tbe  Qumb,  and 

he  continued  10  increaae  bii  aequiremenli  Chaplain  of  Hanpteo  Coort  Palace ;  hi«- 

in  ancient  and  modern  langui^i,  adding  ther  to  tbe   Duke  of  Welliiwtoa.     Dr. 

to  his  studies  In  Ihe  Italiin  writers  ac-  Welleiley  was  bom  on  the  TOi  of  Dee- 

ceaaioni  from  Ihe  ineihsuitible  and  then  1776,  the  nith,  but  fourth  ■urriTiug  son 

little  cultiraled  Seldi  of  German  litera-  of  Garrett,  first  Earl  of  Momington,  by 

ture.    About  this  time  also  he  first  directed  the  Hon.  Anne  Hill,  daughter  of  Arthur, 

hii  attention  to  the  study  of  the  Oriental  first  Visoount  Dungannon,  and  wu  tlia«- 

tonguea,  in  which  his  eminence  looa  be-  fbre  brolbertotheHarqueaa  of  Wellealey, 

came  remarksbie.     In  1B12  Mr.  Tennuit  the  Duke  of  Welliiwtao,  Lord  CowlCT, 

Gnl  became  known  as  a  poet  by  the  pub-  and  uncle  of  ibe  EarTof  UoralDgUiD.   M 

lication  of  his  "  Anster  Fair,"  the  best  1805  be  wu  praaenled  by  Earl  Cadogan 

and  most  Micoesafiil  of  bis  writiags.     In  to  the  lectoiT  of   Chelsea,  Middlsaei, 

ISia  be  wu  elected  schoolmaster  of  the  which  he  retained  until  1882.     In  1837 

ihof  Denlno.     Ftom  thence  in  Dr.    Welledey  wa*  coUatod  by  ffisbop 


Jl  parish  I 
6fae  wu 


s  ntuation  of  Lssswsde ;    and   in  mouth,  of  the  declared  value  o.  __. 

1819  he  wu  elected  teacher  of  Clanical  and  with  a  popuUtioD  of  27,000;  and  in 

and  schoolmaster  of  Oiioital  Languagea  the  same  year  be  wu  made  a  prabeodsry 

in  Ibe  Academy  of  Dollar.     From  this  of  Durham.     Dr.   Wellaaley  wm  ako  a 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 

DEATHS.— Oct. 


.-    -.    ,.    — — „ .□  follow  Iba  pn>- 

Ctoogaa  i  and  by  Ibat  lady,  who  died  fettion  of  Uie  W,  but  thoitlj'  afterward* 

Dec  2%  JS9Q,  he  had  iwue  three  Knii  obtained  a  commtMion  ia  (he  lit  Reoi- 

aad  fxir  duighten.  ment  of  Lite  Guards,  but  retired  on  hwf- 

23l   At  Bilnaguitb,  Torquay,  aged  21,  paj  in  1807.     Mr.  Staunloa  in  «ariy  liftl 

Marj,  dau^iter  of  tfaa  lale   Sir   Digbj  abowed  an  eitreme  pavioD  for  Ibe  itudj 

MacJnnnlb,  bait,  and  wife  of  the  ReT.  of  antiquitiet,  and  tooii  became  known  ■■ 

W.  CieaTer,  late  Rector  of  Delgany,  co.  one  of  the  numisaialic  cotledon  of  that 

Wicklow.  day.  l^prindpalobjecr.boweTer.of  Mr. 

—  At  Poctaea,  aged  65,  Lieut.  John  Staunton'*  attcDtiOD  wa*  to  form  a  collea- 
HudaoD  (1B13).  He  wai  male  of  the  tioD  of  book*,  document*,  and  record*  of 
Orim  at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar,  lepred  at  erery  deicriptloa  iiluitratiTe  of  the  hirii(M7 
Ibe  taking  of  Ciipenhagen,  and  in  tbe  and  uitiquiUei  of  hb  native  county.  To 
Walcbetea  expedition,  tbi*  hii  view*  had  been  directed  almott 

—  At  Maliae*,  Oeorn  John  Dalbiac,  from  tbe  time  of  bii  leaving  acbool :  many 
eac). ,  Knight  of  ibe  Order  of  WUliam  of  •*  book  raiitiea "  of  tbii  dociiptian  be  ob- 
«kA  NBiharian/la    fM-marlir  MnlrH'  1Q  f^Q  tiincd  duHug  hii  rcetdcnce  m  London; 

and  on  comingdown  lo  live  at  Lonftbridge 
bii  leiiure  hour*  were  employed  with  id. 
defttigahle  energy  toward*  (bit  point. 
"  ' '  '  '  n  collection,  Mr.  Staunton 
beome  the  p  '    '  '  " 

, Kamer  and  ft 

, live  of  the  but  Earl  of  Norwich  

and  Baron  Denny,  of  Waltham  Abbey,  docuuient*  relating  to  Warvickahire  of  tbe 

obL   1642  f  and  co-heir  to  the  lut  Vi>-  greateit  value.     Theae  it  wai  hi*  delight 

oounl  Baltii^lan,  of  tbe  Koper  bmily,  to  arrange,  daniiy,  and  make  additiont  to 

ob.  1723;  also,  to  tbe  lait  Earl  and  Via-  bia  topographical  Uorea,  till  within  a  few 

count  Coningiby,  ob.  1729.  week*  preoedinB  hi*  decease:  tbi*  great 

—  Near  Mdton,  aged  S),  Williant  man  of  materidt  for  a  county  hialory,  lo 
Scott,  the  oelebrated  jockey.  He  wa*  libeially  and  «o  judiciouily  collected — tbe 
unparalleled  for  the  number  of  time*  he  work  of  a  life  extended  beyond  the  limiM 
bad  ridden  tbe  winning  bone  at  neat  of  founcoie  yean — i<  directed  by  hi*  will 
nco — the  St.  Leger  nine  timea,  and  tbe  to  continue  an  heir-loom  with  hi*  family  at 
Derby  four  timea.  Longbridge.  FornianyyeanMr.  Staunloa 

26.  Major  Chipchaie,  barrack-maater  at  wai  an  active  and  luefol  maoialtale  for  Ibe 

WindaoT.     He  lerved  in  tbe  PeninHila  in  county  of   Warwick,  for  ihfl  dutie*  of 

tbe  61*t  Foot  from  1809  to  tbe  end  of  which  he  waa  eminently  qualified,  a*  well 

1813;  including  tbe  battle  of  Bu*aco,pur-  by  hi*  legal  education  ■*  by  hia  remarkable 

Mit  of  Haaena,  inveatment  and  caplare  patience  and  atrict  love  of  juMioe,  while 

of  the   fcHt  of  Almeida,  tbe  Iwtlle  of  bv  tbe  eacellence  of  bli  private  life  he 

Fuente*  d'Onor,  the  action*  of  El  Bodon,  obtained  the  ealeem  of  all  who  knew  him. 

Guinaldo,  and  the  aiege  and  capture  of  Mr.  Staunton  oiarried   Eliiabeth,  eldeit 

the  Ibria  of  Salamanca.     In   tbe  latter  daughter  of  Oaborne  Standett,   eaq,,   of 

mctioD  be  waa  aeverely  wounded.  London,  who  died  90th  of  April,  1^^. 

29.   At  LoBgbrid^  Houee,  near  War-         —  At  Little  Casterton  Rectory,  Felicia 

wick,  in  hia  84lh  year,  William  Staunton,  Suaan,  wife  of  Ibe  Rev.  C.  W.  Cavendiah. 
caq.,   B-C-L.,  a   deputy- lieutenant  and        90.  At  St  Leonard'!,  in  her  50th  year, 

magutiate  for  tbe  county  of  Warwick.  Muy  Qeorgiana  Emma,  wile  of  ibe  Kigfat 

He  waa  tbe  eldeit  lurviting  con  of  John  Hon.  Col.  Darner,  of  Came  Houae,  DorMt, 

Staunton,  ew|.,  (in  wboae  bmi[j  (be  pro-  H.  P.  for  Dorcheater. 
perty  at   Lmigbridfce  ha*  deacended   in         SI.    At   Craigentinny   Hoiue,  in   tbe 

direct  male  nicceiaion  aince  tbe  reign  of  pariah  of  North  Leith,  oo.  Edinburgh,  in 

Heniy  Vl.,)who*er>ed(heoaiceof  High  hit  60th  year,  William  Heniy  Miller,  eaq.. 

Sheriff  of  Warwickabira  in  1801.     Mr.  F.S.A.,  of   Britwell   Houae,  Bumham, 

Staunton  wa*  originallr  educated  for  tbe  Buckinghamahire,  and  of  Ciaigentinny ; 

bar,  and  entered  at  St.  Jobn't  College,  a  deputy-lieutenant  for   tbe   county  *rf' 

Oxford.     He  WW  called  lo  tbe  bar,  by  ttte  Buckingbaco,  and  formwly  H.P.  for  New- 


260        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS.— Nov. 
cuUe-under-LjiiB.  Mr.  Miller  nru  re-  Auguri  12,  1836.  He  married.  Me;  14, 
turned  to  piriiameDt  for  Nei>n*tie-uoder-  18^  Miu  Ellen  Griffilhi.  and  bn  left  no 
Ljne  in  1830,  and  wu  re-elected  nn  four  iaaue.  At  an  inquett  held  on  hii  lord- 
tubaequenl  occuioni ;  vii.,  in  1831, 1833,  ihip't  body,  it  apptared  that  hk  death  bad 
1835.  and  1837;  in  1841  he  wai  defeated     been  aoaaoned  by  Tolunta^  eipoaure  to 


the  fumes  of  charcoal,  under  deprewion 
occauioDedbydomealicuDhappines.  (See 
"Chronicle,"  Not.  1.) 

~  At  Eydoa  Hall,  aged  84,  Catherine, 
relict  of  Arthur  Anneiley,  eaq.,  of  Bletch- 
inpoD,  Oxon. 

—  Al  Dublin,  aged  73,  the  Hod.  Louin 
Foxier,  widow  of  the  R^t  Re*.  Robert 
Fowler,  D  D.,  Lonl  Biihop  of  Onory. 

—  At  UmbalUh,  Bengd,  MiJorGewge 
Templer,  ion  of  the  late  Colonel  Henry 

whelberaio-called  "fine  tall  copy"  really     Templer,  of  Teisninoulh.  and  A-D.  C.  to 
•luwered  not  to  Ihe  eye  alone,  but  had     Sir  Waller  Ralei^  Gilbert,  K.C.B. 
the  legitimate  number  of  inchea  nhich        2.   At  the  CloiiteTi,  Chicfaetfer,  ^ed 
practice  had  taught  him  every  book  bore     34,  William  Miller,  eu.,  M.  A.,  Superior 
-■--n  it  left  Ihe  printer.     In  early  Englith     Bedel  in  Law  in  the  Uairenit;  of  Oifimi 


by  Mr.  Buckley  and  Mr.  Ha 
last  general  election  be  ttood  Ibr  Berwick, 
but  wu  defeated.  Ab  a  book  collector 
Mr.  Miller  waa  regarded  m  the  true  luc- 
ceator  of  Richarri^  Heber.  He  »u  ex- 
tremely choice  in  his  copiea,  and  waa  com- 
monly known  at  talea  and  among  coUec. 
ton  a>  MeoHire  Miller,  iVom  hii  lystem 
of  applying  to  cieiy  book  he  had  a  hncy 
for  a  foot  rule  (arhidi  he  inTariably  carried 
'      ■   with   him),  i         '  -  -   ■'- 


poetry  (Shskipere  ediiioni  exceplei  . 
which  he  said  he  led  others  to  buT)his 
collectiou  is  almoM  unrivalled.  Mr,  Miller 
wa>  the  purchoaer  of  the  Heber  BalUda  ; 
and  the  only  known  copies  (two  in  num- 
ber) of  Lodge's  "  Defence  of  Plays  and 
PUjers,"  in  answer  la  Gosaon,  form  a 
part  of  the  collection.  This  valuable  col- 
lection, »id  to  be  worth  aO,00IV.,  Mr. 
Miller  has  bequeathed  to  the  /  ' 


-  At  the  n 


y  bouse,  Bally  money. 


■hen  he  n 

fail  yard  yev,  Ihe  Right  Rer.  Richard 

Mant,    D.D.,    Lord    Bishop   of   Down, 

Connor,  and   Dromore,  and   M.R.I.A. 

Bishop  Mant  was  bom  on  the  13th  Feb- 

1776,  at  Southampton,  where  his  {alber, 

Ihe  Rev.  Richard  Mant,  D.D.,  was  Rector 

of  the  Churdi  of  All   gainli.     He  was 

educated    at    Winchester    Collwe,   and 

afterwards  became  a  commoner  of  Trinily 

College,   Oxford,   from    which    be   was 

'  ill  rec^ion.  elected  a  Fellow  of  Oriel  in  1796.     In 

t  Jermyni,  aged  37,  Oeorgiana,     1790  he  gained   Ihe  Cbanceltor's  priie 

"    "  "    ■"'  if.   ..  -        t_  .1  .  "   -'uh  e«ay,  the  subject,  "Com- 

a  proceeded  M.A.  1800,  B. 

daughter  of  Ihe  Hon.  Heriiert  Gardner,     and  D.D.  I81&     In  1810  Mr.  Mutwai 

by   Maty   Anne,  youngest   daughter  of    presented  tothe  vicarageof  Great Cogges- 

John   Cornwall,    eta.;    waa  married  in     hall,  in  Essex  ;  in  1818  he  became  Cbap- 

1834,  snd   leaves    five  children.      She     lain  to  dw  Archbisliop  of  Canterbury,  Dr. 

was  poisoned  by  a  chemist  having  nude     Manners  Sutton ;  in  1615  Rector  of  St 

up  a  mixture  with  strychnine  instead  of    Bololph's,    Bisfaopagate ;    and    in    1818 

aalicine.  Rector  of   Ettt    Hoidey,   Surrey.     He 

was  conaecraled  Bishop  of  Killaloe  and 

Kilfonora  in  1620,  and  tnmslattd  to  the 

.  NOVEMBER.  see  of  Down  and  Connor  in  Ibe  spring  of 

1823;  so  that  he  has  presided  over  tbe 

1,   At   Pepper   Harrow,   Surrey,  aged     latter  diocese  for  Iwenty-Eve  yean  and  a 

42.  tbe  Righi  Hon.  George  Alan  Brad-     halt    The  care  of  tbe  dioceae  of  Dramora 

rick,  Gnh  Viscount  MIdleion  (1717),  and     also  devolved  upon  him  in  184^  under 

Bdron    Brodrick  of  Midlelon.  co.    Cork      the  provisions  dF  the  Churrii  Temporali- 

(1715),  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland;  and     ties  Act,  on  the  death  of  the  last  bishop, 

second  Baron  Brodrick  of  Pepper  Harrow,      Dr.  Saurin.      Having  lately  completed  ba 


e  peerage  of  England  (1796). 

lordship  was  bom  June  10,  1B06.  the  only 
son  of  George.  Ihe  fourth  Viscount,  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Surr^.  by  his  second  wifo, 
Maria,  daughleroF  Richard  Benyon,  esq., 
of  Gidea  Hsll,  Essex.  He  succeeded  to 
the  peerage  on  the  death  of  hi*  fotber. 


itb  general  conGrm 
tensive  diocese,  he  was  taken  ill  on 
Friday,  October  27,  and  after  a  short  rally 
on  Monday,  the  disease,  typhoid  erysipelas, 
gained  ground  so  rapidly,  that  his  consti- 
tulion  gave  way,  and  be  mok  calmly  and 
peacefully,  retaining  hia  intellectual  tacul- 


APPEKDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  261 

DEATH  S._Nor. 

tin  till  witfain  «  Cm  boiur*  of  bii  diuolu-  to  ibeir  countrj.     During  the  whole  tims 

tiotk     Dr.   Mu>l   oved  bi)  riw  in  the  tbu  be  wu  ii    ''     "         "     '  - 

cburch  to  hit  profeMioual  aulbonbip,  aod  milted  freat  i 

MiticuUriT  to  bb  •ermoni  pmched  U  the  1631  Mahomt 

ninpioiiLeclurein  1812.  onwhicbocca-  to  ibe  cooqueat  of   Sjrii,  and   he  eent 

■ion  lie  mak  •  nuUerlj  nndkuion  of  [brahim  into  th&t  couniiy  viih  an  ann;  of 

the  eitabliibed  clerf^  from  the  unmerited  24,00l>  infantry,  four  regiment*  of  caratry, 

•GCinalioni  of  those    who   professed   a  and  40  pieces  of  artillerr.     Id  (hit  expe> 

sreuer  puritj  of  principles.     Thii  itilro-  dilion   Ibrahim,  wilh   the    aitialance   of 

duced  him  to  Ihe  patronage  of  Arch*  Soliman  Paiha,  a  Frenchman,  whose  teal 

biiht^    Mannera    Sutton,   under   whoae  name  was  Colonel  Selves,  diipUjed  much 

aunuces  he  m*  engaged,  in  conjunction  military  talent ;    Gaia,  Jaffa,  and   CaiSa 

with  the  late  iter.  Geoige  D'Oylf,  D.  D,  soon  fell  into  his  hind*,  and  Acre,  which 

Rector  of  Lambetb,  to  prepare  an  edition  had  reusled  Napoleon,  opened  ill  gales  to 

of  the  Bible,  wilh  ■  aelection  of  Nole*  him  on  the  Z7ih  of  Msv,  1832,  iner  a 

from  the  bed  commentalora  and  jpreachert  *Kge  of  six  monlhs.     Tlie   Sullan  sent 

of  Ibe   Church  of   England.     This  was  atrong   reinforcemenU   of  troop   ■gainit 

perfcrmed  in  IBI7,  at  the  expense  of  the  Ibrahim  Pasha,  but  the  Pasha  iniariablj 

Socie^  for  Promoting  Christian  Know-  overcame  them,  and  on  the  22nd  Decem- 

ledge,   by  whom   "  D'Ovly  and   Maot'a  her,  1832,  be  deatroved  at  Koniah,  wilb 

Bible "  hai  been  frequently  reprinted,  and  30.000  men,  a  fresh   Turkish  anny  of 

ii  still  dispened  in  considerable  nuoibers.  60,000  troops,   commanded    by   Reshid 

Bishop  Hant's  writings,  all  upon  ibeolo-  Puha,  wbo  was  made  prisoner.     The  vic- 

~    '      ' '    "  ,  .  1  L.  .1  toiy  of  Kopiah  open«I  the  way  to  Con- 

stantinople,   and    Ibrahim    bad    already 
adranced  as  &r  as   Kulayeb,  about  150 

5.  At   AriinfltoD-itreet,  aged  74,  the  miles  from  the  capital,  wben  the  Sultan 

Right    Hon.    Chariotle,   dowager    Lady  called  to  hU  aid  a  fleet  and  army  of  Rus- 

" ■■ —    only  daughter   of    Wlliam  siani,  who  encampfd  al  Scular  — -*  " — 


lam,   only  diuBhter   of    i 
second  Earl  of  Dartmouth. 


him,  thus  stopped  in  his  adiance  lo  Con- 
IS.  At  Cairo,  aged  £9.  bis  Highnen  stsnlinopie,  concluded  a  treaty  with  Ihe 
"  '  a.  Viceroy  of  Egypt.  Ihra-  Sullan,  by  wbi<-h  several  provinces  wet« 
a  bom  in  1789.  at  CaTalb,  added  to  bis  htber's  goiemment.  Ihra- 
k,  which  was  also  the  birth-  him'a  coniiueits  were  thus  confined  to 
place  of  his  &ther,  Mabommed  AIL  At  Syiia,  of  which  he  kept  possession  until 
the  age  ofseTenleen  he  joined  bb  father's  1839,  and  where  he  established  his  father's 
army,  in  which  he  soon  attained  a  prami-  rule  with  singular  success,  and  organised 
nenl  position,  and  in  1B16  he  waa  sent  to  that  country  in  a  Tery  admirable  manner. 
AiabU  against  Ihe  Wahabees,  an  heretical  Id  1839  the  Sublime  Porte  attempted  to 
aect  of  the  Hahommedan  religion,  whom  regain  possession  of  Syria,  and  sent  against 
be  subdued  after  a  harassing  war  of  Ibree  Ibrahim  a  strong  armi,  wbich  was,  how- 
nan.  He  wr«it«d  the  holy  towns  of  erer,  quite  discomGted  by  the  Egyptian 
Mecca  and  Medina  from  their  bands,  and  troops  at  the  battle  of  f  eiib,  on  the  24th 
n-establisbed  Ihe  iff^lar  course  of  Ihe  of  June  of  that  year.  Ibrabim  Pasha  at 
eararans.  On  the  11  th  December,  1819,  tfali  period  bad  a  second  oppoituoily  of 
be  was  raceimd  in  great  triumph  in  Cwro,  marching  to  Conttantinople,  but  the  En* 
on  his  relum  fWim  hi*  victonet,  and  tba  ropean  Powera  inlerfered  a  second  time, 
SubliuM  Porte  f^i-'t  him,  on  that  occa-  and  slopped  his  |vogi«ss.  The  (bur 
sion,  the  high  tille  of  Psiha  of  tba  Holy  Poweri  of  England,  Austria,  Russia,  and 
Cities.  In  the  year  1824,  wben  Ha.  Prussia  then  combined  lo  restore  Syria  to 
bomnied  Ati  was  commanded  by  tbo  the  Sublime  Porte  i  a  Beet  was  sent  to 
Saltan  lo  aanst  in  quelling  the  iniurrec-  occupy  the  towns  on  Ihe  coast;  Ibra- 
lion  in  Greece,  Ibrahim  Pasha  look  com-  him  resisted,  but  the  bombardment  and 
mand  of  the  sipedilioo,  and  sailed  from  occupation  of  the  forliea  of  Acre,  on  the 
AleiandrialbrtbeHoreawithatteetcon-  Srd  November,  1830,  in  tbe  leiy  short 
sisting  of  163  sail,  16,000  iobntry.  700  space  of  four  hoiin,  <oon  convinced  lbra> 
borse,  and  fbur  regiments  of  artillery,  him  Pasha  and  his  htber  that  their  beat 
At  the  bailie  of  Nararino,  on  tbe  2l)lb  policy  was  lo  submit  to  the  decree*  of  Iho 
October,  1827,  Ihe  Turkish  and  Egyptian  four  Powers,  and  obtain  the  best  terms 
Aeets  were  completely  annihilated,  and  a  ihey  could  from  tlie  Sullan.  After  the 
small  portion  only  of  tbe  tmope  returned  evacuation  of  Syria,  Ibrahim  led  a  sery 


262        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHS Not. 

quiet  and  ratliad   life:   he  devoted  h!i  uedeo,  the  Re*.  TbtmiM  Cii«w,  B.D.. 

wboli  BUention  to  agricullurei  sad  intro-  Itectorof  BieklcigbiiidHeccOBiIiiDenni- 

duced  tn^ay  improTenienli  in  the  cultivk-  ifaira.  thitd  loii  <a  Sir  Thomn  Cmw,  the 

tion  of  the  tend.     He  elwiyi  ihowed  ifaa  tilth  but 

gmteit  cetpect  tot  hii  &tber,  end,  (hough  —  At  Baibedoet,  in  hii  S4tb  mr, 
•njojing  the  high  title*  of  Viiier  end  Pranois  Williun  Atfle;,  eK|.,  Captun  of 
Oovemor  of  Mecca,  end  coTered  with  the  66th  Regiment. 
militarj  glorj,  he  almya  kiesed  Mahommed  14.  In  Kentiih  Town,  mgei  St.  Jttie, 
Ali*!  hand)  in  loken  of  aubminion,  and  widow  of  Sir  Wniiam  Kinrd.  F.R.8., 
nerer  ualed  himself  or  smoked  In  hit  the  celehnted  lurijeon. 
preeenea  without  leave.  In  coniequence  —  John  William  Spurrier,  eeq^  of 
of  Mabommed  Ali*!  iocapacilj,  from  Lincola's  Ian,  BarriMer-al-law,  fonocHj 
dot^,  to  govern  (he  country,  Tbrahim  Profenor  of  Law  and  Juriapnidenee  at 
waa  nominated  bj  the  Sulian  Vicerov  in  King*!  Csllege,  London, 
bb  dead  on  (be  lit  of  September  lait,  —  At  Municb,inbii47ih7eu,  Ludwig 
and  tbettfore  held  niprene  power  in  von  Schwanthaler,  the  emiDent  nailptor. 
EgTpt  only  durioe  the  brief  space  of  two  Schwanthaler  thowed  at  an  ewlj  ^|e  s 
month)  and  ten  day*.  For  manj  jean  love  for  (be  arta.  Hii  BrM  destioatioa  ww 
Ibrahim  iu&eredicuteljfram  a  complies-  (o  the  learned  Kieneee,  and  be  appKed 
lion  of  compUina.  brought  on  principallj  himielf,  when  a  bnv,  to  ibe  deepeit  taiij 
bv  eiceoet  committed  during  hiavouth,  of  Homer  and  the  Oieek  tngedUna. 
and  in  1S46  be  went  to  Europe  for  the  'Hie  death  of  hii  fctber  obliged  biill  W 
purpose  of  consulting  the  most  eminent  take  to  the  burinen  of  ilaluaij,  a  pn>fea- 
phyiidana  (here,  and  on  that  ODoedon  he  tion  which  had  eiiiled  hi  the  famil;  for 
also  visited  England ;  but  the  onlv  result  geneiatiani,  and  wai  that  of  bit  fuber  asd 
was  a  tempararv  relief  to  hi*  lUtterings,  unde.  At  the  Academy  of  Arts  at  Musieb 
Ibr  he  continued  to  be  more  or  leu  dii-  he  greallv  'djstinguisbed  himself  by  fab 
ordered ;  and  be  finally  sank  under  (he  taste  for  the  aDlique  and  bis  great  sliill  in 
combined  effects  of  bronchitii  snd  an  compoddon,  which  gained  him  Ibe  atten- 
•bioen  in  hit  lungs.  Ibnhim  Pasha  has  tion  and  pa(Tona|{e  of  King  Maximilian- 
left  only  three  sons ;  Ahmed  Bey,  bom  in  On  the  death  ^  that  monarch.  King 
1825;  libmael  B^,  bom  in  1890  (both  Ludwig  and  (be   Duke   Maxhoilian  es- 

Knuing  their   lUidies   in   Paris);   and  (ended  their  palronage  lo  SciKrantbalw, 

iistapba  Bct,  bora  in  16S%  at  preeent  who  eieculed  Ibr  the  latter  Ibe  mjrth  of 

in  Cwro.     Abbat  Paaha,  hit  ne^iew,  sue-  Bacchus,  in  a  series  of  relief  compoatioBl, 

ceeds  him  in  the  paihalic  of  Egypt,  ac-  far  the  ft«iie  of  a  mom  in  bia  palace. 

cording  to  the  firman   granted    by  the  King  Ludwig,  however,  iras  bis  greaMt 

Sultan  in  June  1S41,  at  the  close  of  the  patron,  and  be  executed  tm  tbe  king  the 

Syrian  War,  by  which  the  luccetaion  (o  statues  of  painten  in  (he  Bnakotbek.  (be 

Ibe  government  of  Bsypt  ii  to  descend  in  protectors  of  plastic  art  in  the  nklms  of 

•  direct  line  in  Mabommed  Ali'i  male  the  Glyptolhek,  the  dramatic  poels  on  tbe 

poMeritr,   f^m   the   elder  to  Ibe  elder  staiRase  of  the  tbeette  at  Munich,  sad  Ibe 

among  his  eons  and  grandsons.  oooipoaltions  for  the  pediments  of  tb« 

11.  Suddenlv,  at  the  rendence  of  her  Glyptolhek,  the    Indtttrie-gtbmtitt,  and 

son-lti-lBW,     Mr.     George     Ackermann,  the  Walhalla,  besides  many  other  relief 

Bishop's-rond,   Weitboume-terrace,  aged  pieces  also  at  the  Glvptotbeb  and  in  tbe 

63,  Johanna  WiUielmina,  wifeof  J.  Hsef-  royal  palace.     He  ilia  modelled  many 

kens,    esq..    Burgomaster   of   Leerdam,  figures  which  were  afteiwanls  reproduced 

Holland ;  also,  on  the  same  day,  ased  sii  by  fuundiy.     A  series  of  statues  of  Ciedi 

■lonths,  Ann  Margaret,  youngest  ^ild  of  heroes  and  heroiiKS.  which  be  had  been 

Mr.  O.  Ackemkann.  commiMioDed  from  Bohemia  to  execute, 

—  In  Vincent-square,  Weetminsier,  bas  been  interrupted  by  fait  death.  He 
aged  TA,  William  Barnard,  esq.,  for  many  waa  buried  with  great  pomp  on  (he  17lb 
jean  keeper  of  tbe  Btitiib  InstitutSan  tor  November, tfaouiandaaitendinghitfunend. 
the  Pronolion  of  (be  Fine  Arts,  Pii\  15.  At  Moor  Hall,  near  Varringtofi, 
Mall.  in  bis  78lb  year,   Peter  Hemn,  esq.,  a 

—  At  Exmouth,  aged  80,  Lady  Hoi-  geneni  in  the  army,  and  a  deputy  lieo- 
Toyd,  widow  of  Sir  George  Sowley  Hd-  tenant  of  Chetbire,  and  in  the  commiasioD 
Toyd,  of  Harehatcb,  Berks,  one  of  tbe  of  ibe  peace  for  that  coun^.  He  was  tbe 
Judge*  of  the  King's  Bench.  eon  and  heir  of  Peter  Ky^  Heron,  esq., 

la  At  Collipnest    Home,    Tiverton,  of  Dvesbury  Hall,  co.  Cheater,  Sheriff 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  263 

DEATHS.— No*, 

of  Cbcihire  ia  1TT7.    At  the  geoeni  fait  ntinraliiMiioii  in  n«DM  fa«  ro«e  to  fill 

■kaetioo  of  1806  h*  «•■  iWuraed  (o  par-  meral  iinportuit  office*,  tad  nu  even- 

liuDent  fi>r  tba  borough  of  Newton,  id  tiully  cmlled  to  the  Ctumber  of  Feen. 

lailfliiin      Ha  mi  re-dooled  in  1807.  Allbougfa   be    nerer    held  t  mmuterUl 

nd  mntnood  to  lit  for  it  untU  IBl^  offics  in  FruM,  be  lived  io  the  clcueN 

Batb,  ID  hii  Uib  jmt,  Williim  iatiawcr  with  the  Govemmenl,  end  e 

■  ■      --     ■    «d  the  «  .         -. 


eoodnooJlbaRcv.SrAbiahws  Ellon.  Uog.     Thi*  ciirunutance  caiued  hi 

—  ^tA  9Ak  Williua  TwiDiiig,  eai.,  be  Kleded  for  ibe  imponuit  poM  of 
M.DnOxon.  Dr.  Twipbg  me  pfiniciui  French  AmbMudor  al  Koine,  aod  after 
to  tba  North  Loodoo  Opbtbalmic  loMilu-  an  alxeiioe  of  (fain;  yean  be  returned  lo 
tioD,  and  wu  Ibe  author  of  "  Some  Ac-  hi>  native  country  ai  the  plenipoteDliarj 
count  of  CretiDiiDl,  and  the  InililutioD  of  ■  roreign  lotereigD.  In  that  capacity 
for  ita  Cure,  m  the  Abendberg,  near  be  prababi;  contributed  in  a  remarkable 
Interbcfaen.in  Switieriand,  1843,"  12nio,  degree  lo  place  Pio  Nona  on  the  Papal 
publiilied  irith  ibe  view  of  obtaining  con-  ibrone,  and  be  al  leagtb  became  hia 
tributioni  to  ibe  Hoi^tal  od  the  Abend-  raime  minuter  and  conBdeotiBl  adviser. 
ben.  Bj  bii  mat  eiettioDi  the  ^ilem  H.  Roaa  wai  aanninated  on  tbe  ]5lh  of 
of  Dr.  GtngenMbI  waa  made  knowD  to  November,  at  one  o'clock,  a>  be  *aa 
t*—  mHrftlr '"*'"'""  '"  **"'  ""'"'Ti  »"'*  aligbtlDg  from  fail  carriage  to  enter  the 
fluea  uMlMtioD*  for  the  mKiudioD  of  Chamber  of  Deputiei.  He  <vu  (tabbed 
idioti  fiere  eataMwheJ.  in  the  neck,  and  died  iutanily.     Some 

—  AaBMDaled  M  Rome.  Count  Rovt.  gendarmea  and  national  guard*  nbo  were 
HinklBr  of  tba  Imcrwr  of  tbe  Roman  on  tbe  ipot  allowed  the  aausain  lull  libei^ 
Sum*.  Allbougb  Count  Rowi  ha*  not  toeKwie.  Tbe  population  remained  cold 
plajred  a  itrj  conqncnoua  part  until  la.  attd  lifent  in  tbe  prewnoe  of  ifaii  event 
ctBtij,ytt  fe*  men  bate  been  gifted  with  The  Amemblj,  on  the  Mepa  of  whicb  tba 
mors  panatraling  or  esalWd  power*— few  murder  wa*  committed,  continued  lo  read 
EiiTe  eiarciied  a  moie  important  influenca  ii*  minute*  gravely,  without  making  the 
m  the  biKbot  ipbcr*  of  politloal  life,  iligfaleat  Doention  of  the  incident  during 
Boni  at  Caitan  in  17ST,  he  became  aa  iti  liltlDg.    Is  tbe  afternoon  tbe  murderera 

id  profawoT  of  law*  in  the  and  their  adberetiia,lo  Ibe  number  of  K>roo 

t  Bologna  ta  early  *•  1809.  bundreda,  with  colour*  at  iheir  head,  fn- 

—  1  __  i-:!-it  r- !__.■ tacniaed  with  tbe  aoldien  in  the  banacki, 

but  the  autinortlie*  allowed  ibenuelves  no- 
where.    The  Director  of  Police,  being 

He  escaped  to  Geneva,' where  tbe  right*  lequetted  to  take  *ome  energetic  mea- 

'"    '  *■  aoiea,  refilled  and  leliied.     The   entire 

minialry  reaped  tbe  next  morning. 
On  the  following  day  tbe  sune  Ua 

IS.  Monngnor  Palnu,  tbe  Pope'*  Se> 

...  crelary.    Tbi*  diuinguiahed  ecdeaiauic, 

who  have  very  recently  bees  Reeled  from  who  wa*  in  bi*  56lh  j'ear,  had  been  in 

tbor  ra^eelive  prafeMOiahip*  in  Ibe  mne  youlb  an  intimale  friend  of  bi*  Hulinen. 

AcadM*  by  the  jHcaent  Ratbcal  Govern-  He  wai  for  upwardi  of  twenty  jean  under. 

m«nt  of  thai  RcpobUc  i  »  thai  of  tbeaa  eecretary  of  Propaganda,  and  a*  uicfa  ao< 

~    ~~~ — "*    '~    ~~entifio  or  quired  a  complete  acquaintance  with  the 

obacurity  ecdeiiiaiieal  adiln  of  every  part  of  tbe 

■ufleiedfbrtbe  world.     He  had,  moreover,  oompied  tbe 

eoailitutiaMJ  fteedom,  and  tbe  chair  of    Ecdeiiailical    Hiaiory   in   ihe 

baa    DOW    laid   down    Ui   Kh.  Roman  Seminary,  tbe  CoUeoe  of  Pn^> 

SwimriaDd  H.  Roaii  laboured  ear-  pnda,  and  latterly  in  Ihe  Onivernty  of 


men  n  long  engaged  in  acien 
Utmn  puimb  in  the  peicaftil  ol 
of  a  9wna  cantoii,  all  b^re  lufleKC 


i  by  Mciio  DMaee  theae     Bapienxa.     Hi*  publlihed  lecture*  oi 
■— •  Daen  at  length  pro-     portion  of  HCred  lite—' —  ■— '  — ' 


■reatal 
In  Swin 

•«tiy  b  _      ,         _ 

rhanaei  wbicfc  have  been  at  length  pro-  

duoed  by  <>*U  war;  but  hia  elOTt*  wera  on   bini  additional  celebrity  throughout 

iBwmeeemftil,  aad  wearied  wilh  the  minute  Italy.     He   bad,    moreover,   been    often 

and  miti»ctd>le  elaoieati  of  Swin  politic*,  employed  in  great  and  delicate  mailer*  of 

be  WM  mdnced  by  M.  Gaiiol  to  remove  ecdeu*tical    interest.     It  wai    he   who 

to  hci*.    A  ehairof  eoiHtitulional  Law  waa  drew  up   Ibe  maRerly  italament  which 

«  onea  ^aoed  at  hii  diipoMl,  and  upon  tbe  Holy  See  put  foitb  •  few  yean  ago 


264        ANNUAL    REG  1  ST  E  R,  1848. 

DEATHS.- Not. 
OB  the  trutmeDt  of  tbe  Catliolie  Cbnich  3(1.  At  Ridgemsunt-pUce,  Ampthilt- 
brtbe  Emperor  of  RumU.  Tbepment  squBre,  aged  50,  Lieut. -C<doiiel  Robert 
Pope  named  him  >  Canon  of  Itae  Pa-  BaU]'.  P.R.S.  Colonel  But;  wewiei  in 
trialrchal  Daailica  of  SL  John  Laleran,  the  Grenadier  Guarda  during  the  lam- 
■nd  appoinled  him  hii  "  Secratarf  for  ptign  of  (he  Western  Pyrmeea.  and  at 
Latin  LeHen.'  Momignor  Palma  vaa  Waterloo  (where  be  via  wounded  bj  a 
walking  up  and  dowo  in  hi*  apanmeali  ahell  in  the  hip  while  in  nuare).  Hewai 
in  the  Quirinal,  oppoaile  to  which  u  Xbe  aiAe-de-eaaip  In  Sir  William  Clialon  in 
church  of  San  Carlino,  belon([ing  to  Portugal;  andontheitaffof  CdudI  (now 
Spaniah  religioui.  Ita  tower,  hnwerer.  Prince]  Woroniow,  who  conunaniled  the 
had  been  aeiied  by  tbe  ioturgenti.  and  a  Runian  foreea  at  Maubeu^^.  He  re- 
ball  from  tbia  reached  hii  apartment,  and  cinrded  tbe  gallant  aervieaa  of  bii  corpa 
Mriking  M.  Palma  below  tbe  neck,  pene-  in  a  quarto  lolume,  illu«nted  with  an 
Inted  downwardi  into  the  chest,  and  wai  admiraible  plan,  and  views  of  bia  own 
hutantlj  fal^.  taking,  etohed  by  hinuelC     It  bean  thit 

—  At  Brighton,  la  hia  SBth  year,  title :  "  Campaign  of  Ibe  Left  Wing  of 
Tbonta*  Callaway,  e*q.,  of  Wellinirton-  the  Allied  Army  in  the  Wealera  Pyreneea 
Itreel,  Soulbwark,  and  the  OrOTe,  Black-  and  South  of  Fraace  in  tbe  Yean 
beath,  a  inembef  of  the  Council  of  the  1813-U.  under  Field  Maiaha]  the  Har- 
Koyal  Colleae  of  SutgeoDk  Mr.  Calla-  queai  of  Wellington."  IBSa  He  ilaa 
way  waa  wellknoini  a  a  moat  lucccnfiil  wrote  a  "  Skeioi  of  the  Campaign  of 
practitioner  in  lu^ery,  and  for  twenly-lwo  1815,"  wbicb  met  with  tbe  decided  ap- 
nan  one  of  tbe  aaaialaot-aurgeona  of  Ouy**  probation  of  tbe  Commander,  tbe  Duke 
Honital.  of  Wellington.     In  1830,  and  aome  aub. 

17.  At  Ankerwycke  Houae,  aged  8,  eequenl  vean,  were  publiibed  aetenl  beau- 
Maiy,  child  of  George  Simon  Harcourt,  tiful  (olumea  of  "  European  Sceneiy." 
Mq.  He  married  Johanna,  dauffbter  of  tbe  lata 

—  At  EaMwell  Park,  aged  28,  Lady  Sir  John  Barrow,  bart.,  Secretary  to  tba 
Eleanor  Caroline  Graham,  wife  of  Mr.  Admiralty. 

Sandford  Graham,  aon  of  Sir  Sandlbrd  2i.   At  Kimbolton  Caitle,  aged  50,  tbe 

Graham,  bart     She  waa  aisler  to   Via.  Mort  Noble  Millicent,  Ducbeai  of  Man- 

countcM  Maidstone,  and  eldert  dau^ter  cbetler.     She  waa  tbe  daughter  and  beir. 

of  tbe  Earl  of  Uxbridge.  of  General  Robert  Bernard  Sparrow,  of 

—  At  the  Palace,  Bangor,  aged  67,  Bimmplon  Park,  NortbamptooAire,  t>y 
Hin  Pbilippa  Belbell,  ualer  of  the  Lord  Lady  OliTia  Achewm,  daughter  of  Ajtbur, 
Biahop  of  Bangor.  first  Eari  of  Goaford. 

18.  In  hia  64th  year,  Mr.  Cbarlea  23.  At  Hampatead,  the  Lady  Anna 
Heath,  the  eminenl  line  engraTer,  known  Maria  Cuffe,  relict  of  William  CuB^  eaq., 
by  the  "  Booki  of  Beauty"  which  bear  hia  al  St  Albao'a,  co.  Kilkenny,  aialer  to  the 
name,  and  tbe  coMl}>'  Annuala  which  he  Earl  of  HarborouKh. 

conducted.     He  wai  tbe  aon  of  Jame*  —  In    Cambridge-lemce,    Hyde-paik. 

Heath,  eminent  in  the  lame  art,  and  well  aged  87,  John  Wclb,  eaq.,  late  of  Bidcley, 

known    lo    Ibe    print    collector    by    bii  Kent,  and  formerly  M.  P.  for  Uaidatooe, 

"  Death  of  Major  Pearaon,"  after  Copley,  from  18^  to  1830. 

and  hit  "  Rioli  in  Broad  Street,"  afler  —  At  Barbadoet,  aged  32.  Capt  John. 

Wbeatley.     Mr.     Heatb,    beudea    being  Tbomaa  Hope,  of  the  72nd  Regiownt. 

eminent  for  the  power  of  hli  own  band,  eldeat  ion  of  tbe  late  Gen.   Sir  Jofaik 

may  be  aaid  to  nave  exerciaed  a  marked  Hope. 

iuBuence  over  hia  own  deparUnenI  of  art.  —  Br.-Gen.   Cbarlea   Rob.   CuretoD, 

Id  hii  handa  that  apeciea  of  aerial  artittic  C.B.     Thia  gallant  officer,  whoae  life  waa 

pnblicatiOD    known   aa   the  "Annual" —  loat  in   the  enKagemmt  at  RamnugguTr 

which,  originating  with   othen,   he  wm  originallyenlisted  in  the  14th  Uragoona  '  ~ 

nevertheleM  one  of  the  earlieat  to  copy-—  ' 

baa  turrived  to  the  preaent  day.     Such  ,  , 

publicationa  had  their  uie  in  bmiliarizing  the  Peninaula with  biaiegiment,andaemd 

the  general  mind  with  the  productioni  of  to  the  cloae  of  the  war,  and  waa  engaged 

art,  and  in  making  tbe  latter  acceaiible  to  in  the  battles  of  Talavera,  Bunco,  FuenK* 

moderate  meana.  d'Onor,  and  tbe  ai^e  of    Badajoa,  in 

—  In    NorfblkHsrcKent,    Hyde    Park,  April,  I812i  at  the  battle  of  Salamanca, 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.  265 

DEATHS.— Not. 

ilxMe  bard-fought  engioementi  the  bniD  third  cUn  of  the  Dooranee  Empire,  for 

[^TBle  and  non-commistioiMd  officer  did  bia  aerrice*  in  bdii. 

not  eacspe  uniealfaed,  at  be  wat  alwijii  in  —  Killed  in  actioD,  at  tbe  bead  of  hU 

the  hotteit  of  the  firay,  and  owed  hii  foture  re^ment,  the   14th  Light  Drwoon*,  in 

adnncementenltreijto  his  gallantr]'.  He  their  deiperale  but  lucccMful  charge  on 

wai  wounded  in  the  right  teg  by  a  rifle  the  Kkh  anar,  in  the  lame  engagement, 

ball  on  cromnEtheMondego,  nearCoim-  LieuL-CoL  William  Havelock,  one  of  the 

bn.  Oct.  1, 1810;  at  the  bJtie  of  Fuenlea  mort  chinlrous  officen  in  the  MrTiee.     A 

d'Oaor,  in  Ma;  in  the  following  jear,  he  ipeclator,  writing  of  thii  akirtniih,  ujb. — 

received  a  M*ere  tabre-cut  on  the  head,  "  A  more  fearful  aigfal  wu  perhaJM  never 

uid  another  on  hii  rein  band.     In  Feb.  witnened  on  a  field  of  battle,  for  (be  Bii- 

1814,  be  wai  prnmoted  lo  an  eiwignc}  in  tish  armj  atood  dnwn  up.  both  artillery 

the  1^  Dragoooi,  without  purchaie,  in  and    infantrr,    ulent    apedaton    of  the 

GomideiBtion  of  hii  gallant  behaviour  and  blood;  conflict  of  450  tabres  agaiMl  an 

aerrice*.     He  nibsequently  praoeeded  to  arm;  amounting  to  more  than  15,000  nen 

the  Eait  Indiea,  where  he  baa  been  em-  with  huv;  cannon."    Colonel  Havelodc, 

ploTed  nearlj  90  jeart.    He  aerrcd  under  cheering,  led  on  the  flnt    and    aecond 

General    Viaeouat    Corabermere    at    the  aquadrona  of  the  14th  down  to  the  bank, 

•iese  and  au>ture  of  Bburtpore  in  1825-6,  then  inlo  the  nullah,  croaaed  it  at  a  gal- 

ana  there  duplajed  hii  uiual  oounge  and  lop,  and.  coming  to  cloaa  quarter^  with 

aUlity,  having  attained  the  rank  of  Cap-  the  Sikhs,  charged  through  and  through 

tain,   bv  purchaae.  In   the  former  year,  their  renlu,  and  ubred  hundredi  of  the 

Colonel  Cureton  remained  in  India,  em-  enemy  under  the  mort  fnghtftil  ahower  of 

Clojed  in  the  routine  dutiei,  up  to  tbe  miaailei  from  their  cannon  and  matcblocki. 

re«ktng  out  of  the  war  in  the  Punjab  in  Thej  then  retired  a  abort  diatance,  farmed 

the  autumn  of  IS45,  when  be  waa  called  up,  were  joined  by  the  remainder  of  tbe 

upon  to  lake  active  lerrice  with  the  armiea  eorpa,  and  the  Stfa  Catalry,  and  again  they 


Feroieahab,   Aliwal,  and   Sobraon.    Ha  rific  cannonade  from  the  enemy'*  atlillery, 

did  not  ahare  in  the  gloriea  of  the  fint-  which  iwept  away  both  men  and  horaev 

named  battle,  but  in  the  latter  two  he  wai  and  a  ahower  of  bultela  which  fell  among 

in  command  of  the  cavalry  corpa.    Major-  tbe  troopa  like  bail,  the  gallant  Havelock, 

General  Sir  Harry  Smith,  in  bii  deapatcb  in  the   fiiint  of   bia  t^ment,  «barged 

of  Uw  battle  of  Aliwal  to  the  Adjutant-  amidat  the  undiverted  fire  from  (be  b^ie- 

General  of  tbe  army,  apeaki  in  tbe  bigbeat  riea  of  the  enemy.     In  thia  tbe  aecond 

terma  of  tbe  deceaaed  officer^  aerrice*  at  charge  Colonel  Havelock  met  hi*  death, 

that  encounter.    At  tbe  bottle  of  Sobraon  He  had  hia  r^bt  arm  aererely  wounded, 

aimilar  praiie  waa  beitawed  on  hi*  aerrice  and  hi*  left  leg  and  left  arm  n«uiy  cut  oS, 

in  tbe  field  by  the  Commander- in- Cfalef,  and  waa  left  dead  upon  the  Beld;  eleven 

Sir  Hugh  Gougb,  in  hia  deapaicb  to  tbe  of  hia  men  foil  Bating  by  hi*  aide,  and 

■    " efbond  afi      "  *      " 


Gonanor-GeBwal,  Sir  Henry  Haidinoe,    their  bodie*  were  Ibund  a  fortnighi  after 

There -'-= '■'--" — '-'-^-      -l-    '-^.    -. ^— j    -.■--   -■- 

nel^Bv 


The  recommendMion  of  (be  galUot  Colo     the   &fat,  decapitated,  when  they  were 
— 11. 1 a> — 1 .1. 1._      jKiriei     Colonel  Havelock  waa  bom  in 


Cureton,  who   had  only  beld  the  r^-  nel    Havelock  entered  tbe  army  at  an 

mental  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  me  early  age,  and  carried  tbe  colours  of  th« 

Queen'a  army,  waa,  aoon  after  the  reeaipt  43rd  Light  Inlbntiy  in  tbe  action  on  tbe 

of  tin  demlcbe*  tnm  India  (namely,  in  Coa,  when  only  16.     He  waa  engued  in 

April,  1B4B).  ptonoted  t«  tbe  rank  of  tbe  FeninauU  from  My  1810  tillthiB  end 

Colonel,  made  a  Companion  of  tbe  Bath,  of  that  war  in  1814,  induiUi^  tbe  battlee 

and    an    Aide-de-Camp  to  tbe   Queen,  of  Buaaoo,  Sabogal,  Salamanca,  and  Yit- 


Colonel   Cureton  waa   aubaequently  ap-    toria,  tbe  paaaage  of  tbe   BJdaaaoa,  tl 

__!_._j  .  ji ^ ,  .,  ^  Bengal     battle  of  tbe  Nivelle.  the  aflair  near  Ba, 

rioualy  held     onne.  and  tbe  battlea  of  Orlbi*  and  Tott- 


pointed  Adjutant- Genend  of  tbe  teigal  battle  of  tbe  Nivelle.  the  aflair  near  Bay- 

armr,  a  ataff  anointment  previoualy  held  onne.  and  tbe  battlea  of  Orlbi*  and  Tot^ 

^  hi*  friend,  Maior-General  Sir  Hanr  louie.     He  lervcd  alao  in  tbe  campaign 

ftnilfa.     On  the  breaking  out  of  hoatili-  of  1815,  and  waa  wounded  at  Waterloo, 

(iea,  be  Bccomnoied  the  army  under  Lord  where  he  waa  Aide-de-Camp  to  Baron 

Gough  to  the  Punjab,  and  in  the  diachaigs  Alten,  and  received  the  croaa  of  tbe  Ha- 

of  bia  duty  met  with  an  honounble  deaUi.  noveriao  Order.     He  aubaequently  •erred 


266        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHK-NoT. 

hilo  tb«  4tb  Light  DngcMiu,  pnxiee<led     enabled  to  put  bb  foot  oo  the  liM  ttao  J 

with  hii  regiment,  firat  to  BooiMj,  «b«l«     tfa«  Iwlikr of  prnmocicn  i  aadertrj  mxtat 

be   <rai   Aide-de<Cwnp  to    Sir   Cbuia     iiuem  itep  of  bi«  ■dnncement  in  bi»  di»- 

Colville,  ud  then  to  Mndnt.  wbere  bi     boguUbed  aam  nay  be  furt;  mid  to 

WM  on'tbe  lUff  u  Militan  Secratu^  to    ba*e    been   ncUetttd  tn  UoadC      lb 

Lord   Blpfaimtone.      Hii  Utf  eicbuue    fnlenti  Mid  bii  teal  for  tM  poblic  ntrio^ 

wM  into  itte  14th  Light  Dragoom.     He     when  once  Itoown  nnd  placed  in  a  tir 

im  cDjMvd  in  the  Tuioui  movementt  of    field  for  action,  could  banUj  hit  of  beiag 

Kr  Charge  Napier^  foree  in  the  Bomba;     appnEiated  and  duly  (oMered  bj  tboN 

nliDg«Dt,    bikI    (ben    Id  the    Punjab,     diilinguahed  itateaneii  under  wbom  b 

itil,  ■■  before  itatcd,  at  ibe   Ford  of    oiccearivelj  (erred.    El  ao  bappened.  da 

tbe  chie6  of  the  r  '  '  ■ 

in  179%  the  Eari 

late  Sir  Gauge  S 

S3.  Id  Nemtreet,  Spring-gardeDi,  in     reipecta,  not  u  bappily  protided  with 


Ua  SStb  Tear,  Sir  Jobn  Elarfow,  bait,  actire  and  lalairted  aaaocialea  ta  nigtC 

LL.IX,F.R.S.,foniierlf  Secretary  to  the  bate  been  wiabcd  t  but  in  Mr.  Alexander, 

Adnlrslt]'.     Sir  John  wai  born  on  the  Ihe  draugfatimaD  of  the  cmhaHy,  tbey 

19lb  June,  1764,  in  a  amall  cottam  at  wei«  foctauale  id  poooaing  a  very  able 

tbe  TtUam  of  Dragleybeck,  near  Ulter.  and  dilinnit  aitlH  i  and  Mr.  Barrow,  froB 

■lone,  North  Lanaiifaire,  being  ibe  onlj  bii  Tanoua    talenti,    and  ibe    ual    and 

child  of  Roger  and  Man  Barrow,  and  alacrity  with  which  he  applied  himaelf  t* 

recuied  hit  education  at  Uie  Town  Bank  areiy  deparment  of  the  aerrice^  ahbengh 

Giammar  School,  and  diiefly  owed  hii  bia  own  waa  ealy  a  aubordiDale  one,  wm 

altainnwnla  lo  hii  own  indefktigable  in.  a  boat  hi  bimaeU.    Tin  autbeotic  aecouBt 

doffiT.    At  thii  early  age  be  was  engaged  of  (be  erabM^fi  publidked  by  tbe  kM  Sv 

in  taking  a  ■urver  of  Colonel  Braddyl'l  Geoige  Staunton,  recorda  maay  of  llr, 

eAlei  To    Yorkihire,  and    acquired  bd  Barrow'i  valuable  conlributioni  lo  GHciH 

niDch  knowledge  of  the  tbaodolila,  and  lure  and  nienca  connected  wilfa  CUml 

llie    lemal    matbeDiatiea]    initiumeat^  Attboo^  Mr.  Barrow  rreir  rt  to  bemr- 

dnn  and  ■ufaaeqaenlly,  that,  on  arnring  lotiallyoonnededwilh  our  aSain  in  China 

in  London  tome  yean  afler,  be  drew  up  attar  tin  ntum  of  tbe  embavy  in  179^ 

and  publiihed  a  imalt  trcaliae  to  expbun  he  alwaya  continued  to  take  a  Inely  inte> 


. ..   _. ,  "  tbi^"  nya  reW  in  the  Tarring  a                      .       _. 

be,  'being  my  Bnt  introduction  to  the  relationi  with  that  empire.    On  the  aoo»> 

prea,  for  wUcn  i  obtained  XL,  and  waa  bod  of  th«  ncond  embu^  under  Lonl 

Bot  a  mtle  daKgbled  to  tend  my  flitt  Ambent  b  1BI6,  beww  of  couiae  co^ 

ftnit*  t«  my  mMber."     SirJtrfin  Burow'a  aiUed  by  tbe  nilinx  powoii  but,  nnJbtki 

nienla  bu  aone  idee  of  educathighin  (unately,  altboog^  b*  adTka  wh  aakaA  it 

mtbedericalpittlMon.buthepenuaded  *w>  not  taken)  and,  in  coeaeqoeece  of 

bia  blher  to  give  up  tbe  intention.     A  tbe  iniudicioua  njedion  of  the  piopead 

•ituatioa  waa  then  obtained  for  him  at  which  bia  prophetic  M^jicily  had  Mggeated 

lirerpool  aa  aupcrintendent  and  clnk  at  for  getting  nd  of  Ibe  *entioaa  oucMkB 

an  iron-foundry,  in  which  be  lemained  for  of  tte  Cbmeae  e«i«mony.  Lord  Ambenl 

twoyeaia,  when  be  quitted  it  for  a  voyage  and  bit    colleegoea  were   compeilad  to 

to  Greenland  in  a  whaler,  wbere  he  had  abandon  the  penomai  receptioQ  of  Ibe 

BDme  initiation  in  pr^clicat  oaTigation  and  minion  far  the  take  of  prenrrina  the 

Ibt  dutiea  of  a  Kamao.      Hii  next  cm-  bonoui  and  real  intoeata  of  the  Bngfaah  fai 

plc^meot  WM  at  tnatbeuiatical  Icacber  at  China,  which  would  hare  been  laai  alltllj 

Dr.  JiUMa'*  academy,  Oreenwlch,  wbere  damaged  tnr  tbe  aec«Dlaoce  (d  Ibe  teroB 

amoi^  bk  pupilt  were  three  or  four  be-  upon  whicb  it  wet  oOered.     Mr.  Barrow 

losing  to,  or  dertfawd  for,  the  nary,  one  waa  likewiae  couMiltod,  and,  we  belierek 

Ibe  tea  of  Lord  Anton,  nd  another  A*  more   Mrly  and   coofidentially,  on  Ibe 

■on  of  Lord  Lereaon  Gower.     From  tbit  occedon  of  oar  recent  conflict  wilb  China, 

■arrice  ha  waa,  ditough  Ibe  inlaieM  of  Sir  Lord  Macanney  waa  natutvUy  anxioua  to 

Geo^  Staunton,  who  wm  lecrelary  to  lecure  tbe  aid  Mauch  a  man  aa  Mr.  Bar> 

the  embamy  dttlined  for  China,  ^ypoinled  rawinhiaaeitpuUicaer*ice,biiimparlant 

cm  tbe  (Active  liil  of  Lord  Hacartney'i  and  delicate  miaaion  to  aellle  the  goreiM- 
ment  of  our  newly-acquired  colony  of  tbe 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  267 

DEATHS.— Not. 

tarj.  In  Ju.  1707t  ind  bani^  been  cd.  cbieb.     He  «u  created  ■  Bunoel  during 

tnnted  to  conduct  OUT  Am  communioothHi  the  ibort  idminiRndon   of  Sir  Robert 

with  ibeCsffre  tribes,  m*  occupied  during  Peel  in  1836.     At  length,  In  1843,  Sir 

(he  litter  tlx  monthi  of  tbit  jeai  in  tn.  John  Butov  retired  trma  public  jife,  in 

TeniBg  the    counlr;  in    all    directioni,  oonuderatton  of  hii  adtuiced  jetit,  U- 

duringwliicb  he  travelled  more  than  three  IhouErh  be  wai  still  In  Tisoroua  powciioa 


[oiles,   UMially  ileeping  in   hi*     of  an  tlie  mental  and  bodily  powen  n 

1  author,  S 
"  anditor-geneial  of    John  Barrow  wai  eiceedingly  induHriout 


Lord  MKartnej,  vbeo  he     quired  fin  the  due  diMbarfte  of  tbe.  (kine- 


own  wagTDQ.  Lord  MKartner,  wbeo  he 
quitted  the  colonj  in  Not.  1798,  left  Mr. 
Barruw  in  the  post  of  "  anditor-geneial  of 


public  ■erounla,  civil  and  milituj."  He  and  rery  aueceatfiiL  Hii  worki  contiM  of 
relumed  to  England  on  the  eiacuation  of  articlei  in  (be  Quanerl;  Review,  on  almoat 
tbe  Caoe  in  180S,  and  ahortlT  after  pub-  everr  fubject  (eice^nj:  political),  19Si 
liAed  tbe  friiili  of  bb  obwrrBlions,  under  in  tbe  EacTclopAdia  BrilanDiea,  ten  or 
tbe  title  of  "  Traveli  in  South  Africa,"  twelve ;  a  "  Renew  of  ibe  Life  of  Admiral 
printed  in  4fo.,  1801.  By  General  Franli  Lord  St.  VinccDl,"  In  the  Edinbu>]|^ 
Dundai,  Lord  Macartney')  niccenor,  Mr.  Reriew ;  the  lih  of  Lord  Maculm;,  n 
Barmw  wai  introduced  to  the  notice  of  2  volt.  4lo.  i  Traielt  in  South  Afrkx,  S 
Lord  Helrille,  and  to  Mr.  Pitt.  Lord  voU.  4lo. ;  l^avelj  in  China,  1  vol  4to. ; 
HelTilte  did  not  loM  right  of  Mr.  Barrow ;  Voyaite  lo  Cochin  China,  1  toI.  4lo.i 
but,  on  taking  office  a*  Pint  Lord  oF  the  the  Lifc  of  Lord  Anton,  1  vol.  8to.;  tba 
Admii^^,  in  May  1B04,  he  immediately  Life  of  Lord  Howe,  1  toI,  Sto,  ;  in  the 
appointed  bim,  without  lolicilation,  to  th«  *■  Family  Library,"  the  Life  of  Petar  tba 
omce  of  Second  Secretary  lo  the  Admi-  Great,  and  the  Mutiny  of  the  Bounly; 
raity.  Hr.  Barrow  wai  continued  in  Chronologital  HiUcry  of  Arctic  Voyages, 
office  by  Lord  Barfaam,  Lord  Melville'*  1  vol.  8vo.  t  Voyagrt  of  Ditcovery  and 
immedi^  •ucceiaor;  bat  wai  requested  Research  withm  ibe  Arctic  Region),  1  voL 
to  retire  by  tbe  Whig  Pint  Lord,  tba  Svo.  Sir  John  Barrow  wa>  £e  conHanI 
Hon.  Charles  Grey,  in  1806.  Notwiih.  and  nicccsaful  advocate  ai  the  Admiralij 
landing  (hi*,  when  the  recapture  of  tbe  of  lho*e  voyage*  of  diicoiery  which  have 
Cape  of  Goiod  Hope  bronpit  Mr.  Bai^  enlaived  the  bound*  of  idence,  and  con- 
row'*  Mrrieei  in  that  qwaiter  of  tbe  worid  ferred  to  much  honour  on  the  Britiafa 
— -«  ptomineotly  before  lb«  government,  name  and  nalion.      Appreciating  tbeae 


be  waa  oiered  any  colonial  appoinlment    wrvice*.  the  officett  who  had  been  e 

that  be  might  aelect  hr  himaelf     Upon     ployed  on  tbe  varioui  Arctic -"''' 

cotaideration,  however,  be  detennined  not     presented  to  him,  in  March  ll 


of  Bari  Orey,  and  with  tbe  ekpmaed  un-  icription  oo  Um  pedestal.     8iz  John  Bar* 

dentanding  Aat  it  wouM  be  hvourably  raw  married  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 

enMttained  by  the  premier,  be  wa*  ordered  m  Aug.  1796,  Maria,  dauglMer  of  Peter 

to  draw  up  a  memorial  of  hi*  Taiiou*  *er-  John  Treulter,  esq.,  memlMr  of  the  comi 

Ticei,  tbe  reauli  of  which  wa*  the  grant  of  of  juttice  in  tliat  colony,  and  bad  i**ue 

a  penrion  ot  lOOOt  a  year,  to  be  abaied  four  uma  and  two  daughten. 
ftmn  A*  emolumenli  of  any  place  k«        —  At  Redboume,  aged  8),  Cbaitott^ 

mi^  aHerwaiJi  boM  under  goTemnenL  widow  of  Joseph   Valentine  Grimitead, 

The  diaaolutioD  of  the  GrenTille  govern.  a*q.,    mother    of    Ladv    Glammia,    and 

ment  broaght  Mr.  Barrow  agun  mio  tbe  grandmother  of  the  Bar!  of  StrathoKire. 
*  "  '          (ucoeeding        34.  At  Melbourne  Hou*e,  Derlmhire, 

.    ,_    .        _.         _     mihiiday,  in  bis  TOlh  yeer,  tbe  Rigbt  Hon.  William 

tbe  Bih   April,  1807,  to  tbe  98lh  Jan.  Lamb,*econdVi*»>untMelbourDe(1770}, 

ISUt  be  ccmtiinied  without  intenni**ion  and  Baron   Melbourne  of  Kilmore,  ca> 

*a  Second  Secretary  of  tbe  Admiralty,  Cavan  (1781),  in  the  peerase  of  Ireland) 

when  be  retired,  baring  conipleled  dto-  3nd  Baron  Melbourne  of  Melbourne,  co. 

getber,  from  bi)  Bret  ifipnintment  in  that  Derby  (ISIA),  In  ihe  peeiue  of   Ibe 

eajiaei^,  forty  years,   under    twelve    or  United     KlT^dom ;    llie    Srd    Baronet 

thirteen    •everal    naval    adminiitration*,  (1755);  a  Privy  Councillor,  a  Commis- 
""  ■          '  "                                    '  ''  r  of    EicSequer  Loan*,  an    Elder 

wr  of  the  Trinity  Houaa,  and  a  Oa- 

Ibe  Dake  of  Clarence.     It  ia'unneuvary  veraor  of  the  Cbaner  House)  formerly 

-  " -'   ~  hi*  public  aeTTicet  bad  given  Prime  Miniater  to  King  William  IV.  and 

I    aatUhdion    lo    hii   leveral  Queen  Victoria.     Lonl  MelbouriM  wai 


268        ANNUAL     REGIST  E  R.  1848. 

DEATHa— Not. 
born  M  Hdbounie  Hoiub,  Wbltehill,  m     psui  to  bare  reconraled  bim  ti 
tba  Ifith  Mirch,  1T7S,  tbe  ncood  kd  of    clowr  intereoune  rntli  the  Toriet; 
Bnt  Viio  "     '  ■     ~ 

i  dMuhUi  

baoke,lul.    Mi>  unitcnitv  sducatJiHi  bo     Dukeof  W«lluigtonhiiB«lf.     But  about 
..-..,...»...         -  ,j^j^  ^^.   .  ..... 

Fnoce  nt 

well. remembered  pnpcMiliDD  for  di 


PennloD,  fint  Viioouiit  Melbounw,  br  be  not  ool*  accepted  office  goder  Lord 
Eliiabelh,  daughter  of  Sir  Ralph  HiU  Godericfa.  but  even  remained  with  the 
■     ■     ■     -      ^        "■       mhlmKl'     "       ■     - 

ind  ibowe 
ibordinati 

In  a  debatii^  ndety  attached  to     chiiing    Eut    Hettbrd  came  before  l 


baiike,i>arl.    Ha  unitenineducatioD 
recMTcd.  tm,  at  Trioitjp  Cl>H«9^  Ci 

vjj_  ._j    uiQ,   ^  GUtfptw,  wb 

nuKDCe  •ml  politic*  in     q>proeching    iiuubordi nation, 


bridge,  and,  aecoatUT,  m  Glaagow,  where     Fnoce  and  England  •bowedcrmptomacf 


riod  the  pwremcnt  naitf 
and  England  •bowed  crmj 


■monM  fab 


Mr.  W.  Lamb  wm  di«i(wui>bed  Houh  of  Commooi.  Lord  Palmerttan, 
fail  cooteaiporBriei  for  huiorical  Mr.  Grant  (now  Lord  GlcDelg),  Mr. 
~    ooiuideTable  daaical  attun-     Hiukiiwn,  aiHl  Mr.  Limb  could  not,  witb 


rn  brought  up  amoont  the  aodiHtbemilitaTy  premierneTertolented 
Wbm>  he  wai  •  prod^out  admirer  of  mutiii]',  Mr.  Lamb  became  oace  more  • 
Mr.  Vox,  and  an  ackiiewlet^ed  diaciple  member  of  Hii  MajeitT'i  OppontiDn,  and 
of  fail  politkal  adwoL  In  fetura  Mr.  dtout  tbe  nme  time  be  ceaied  to  be  a 
Fox  wvml;  patroi^ied  Mr.  W.  Lwnb  Member  of  the  Houw  of  Commow,  by 
eno  befbn  be  left  Cambridfe.  He  en-  the  ittih  at  hie  bther,  on  the  ^bA  JuIj, 
tend  n  a  Miulent  M  LincoloVinn  on  the  1828.  He  had  entered  Ibat  branch  of  tbe 
3Iit  JuIt,  1707,  and  wBi  called  to  tbe  bar  legiilature  (hcrtlj  before  FitI  and  Fox 
on  tbe  23rd  Nov.  IBOl,  and  on  the  3rd  were  removed  from  tbe  icene  of  their 
June.  IHOS,  mairied  the  Lad;  Caroline  politJcal  Iriumpbii  and  he  continued  to 
Pomooby,  daughter  gf  tbe  Earl  of  Be»>  belong  to  It  for  a  period  of  oMce  than 
benMigfa,  and  niece  of  Eari  Spencer,  twenlj  yetni  bit  fellow-kabouien  and 
TbU  mtfriiaoniri  alliance  bwe  eierr  ap.  opponenii  ibera  included  not  onlj  tlie 
peannoe  of  to  unloo  likely  to  be  crowned  uWrious  namea  aboie  mentiMied,  b^ 
with  permanent  happineM;  but  in  tbe  tboaa  alao  of  PerocTal,  CaMlerewh,  Tier- 
ooune  ofa  fisit  year*  diSereocee  of  a  Tei7  ney,  Sheridan,  Brougham,  Canninst 
IMinfiil  kind  aroM,  which  ended  in  a  lep*-  HutUtton,  Peel,  Wyn&am,  Hacinto^ 
mion.  Lady  Caroline  Lamb  ified  on  tbe  Wilbeifbree,  Hunkel,  and  WbitbnwL 
2Sth  of  January,  1898.  She  attained  AuoogM  men  of  Mch  pncdted  bculiics 
i.Lj. a  nordi-writef  and  »»  a  and  aKb  didioguiahed  powen  of  debate 


aome  cetebnty  aa  a  nord-wnter  and  w  a  and  aicb  didioguiahed  powen  of  debate 

cormpandeDt  of   Lord  Byron.     In  tbe  tbe  Hon.  William  Lamb  wai  but  a  lumi- 

year  I80S  Mr.  Lamb  entered  the  Uouia  nary  of  lenth-rate  magnitude.    It  wai  not 

of  Conmona  aa  one  of  tbe  Memben  for  until  he  had  obtained  a  icat  in  Ibe  Upper 

Leomiiuter.  and  joined   the  Onrantion  Houk  that  be  aicended  to  the  rank  of  a 

under  the  leaderifaip  of  tbe  celebrated  notilical  cbteflain.     The  Duke  of  Wel- 

Cbarlea   Fox.     In   1600  be  moved   ibe  lington  having  in  ISaOproloaed  himielf 

■ddreM  in  anawer  to  the  Klng^  ■peech.  unable    to    cotDprebeod  how  the  kiw^ 

He  lepreaented  tbe  Haddington  diUrict  of  government  vrat  to  be  carried  on  if  £e 

>.  — •._  ,_  ...^  Parliament  of  1B06,  Port-  repreeentatlve  branch  of  tbe  Iq^ature 


In  1810  and  1818,  Hen&inkhire  in  1819     threw  up  office,  and  Lord  Grey  n 
tuAXtBO.   During  ihii  period  Mr.  Lamb'i     inhiiMead.   Tlwreupon  Lord  Melbourne 
prinwplea,  altbo^b  oonritfently  liberal,     acoepled  tbe  leali  ot  ibe  Homo  Dc^an- 


arlingtoo  in  that  of  1B07,  Pelerboroush  undermeot  any  alteration   whatever, 

'    '-'B  and  1818,  Hen&inkhire  in  1819  threw  up  office.       '  '      ■  " 

aa   During  ihii  period  Mr. 

■lea,  altbo^b  oonaielently 
B  by  no  DMani  extreme,  and,  Ihougfa 

leiaaimnginOniontion,  he  frequently  gave       _^ 

tbe  beoenl  of  bn  tote  to  Lord  Liverpool'!  the  tSui*  of  Ireland ;  and  Lord  Grey 
minirtry.  When  Mr.  Canning  waa  com-  intruil»d  to  him  the  dutiet  and  powen  alt 
miMioned  to  Girm  a  cabioet,  the  Hon.  Home  Secretary  at  a  moment  when  tbe 
Wm.  Lamb  accepted  the  office  of  Chief  adminiMntion  of  our  domeaiic  mnent- 
SeorMaiy  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ire-  ment  demanded  tbe  exeroee  M  great 
land,  and  in  that  counliy  the  Roman  delicacy  and  circumipeclioa.  Lord  Mel- 
Catholic  party  baited  hii  advent  wilb  a  bourne  wai  not  equal  to  tbe  undertaking, 
degree  of  triumph  which  vrai  almoat  ab-  Tbe  Home  Office,  in  bb  time,  wii  alnratf 
■unL  Tbe  lort  of  temponur  alienation  alwayi  "  in  troubte,"  Silling  in  the 
from  the  extreme  Wbigi  which  Mr.  Lamb  Upper  Houae,  vrith  >uch  a  leader  aa  Lord 
underwent  during  the  yean  18St7-38  ^>-  Orejr,  he  bad  acaicely  any  Parliamentary 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.           269 

DEATHS.— Not. 

duties  to  peiform,  vet  in  bii  official  cha-  to  ttitt  loft;  eminence.    Once  there,  how- 

nder  he  fell  conarder^ly  lo  the  reir  of  ever,  hii  pauiuni  pronounced  bim  to  be 

hif  coUeagura.    While  he  held  the  leali  ■  lUIennui,   wad  ne>«  untied  that  he 

of  the  Home  Department  bii  nieanjm  neter  became  an  oralor,  for  the  head  of 

were  nmetime*  unikilliil  and  alnajv  late,  the  Goramment  usuallT  eqjop  tbe  boM 

He  hned  procrailination,  and  eren  ffisTelj  of  eloquence,  and  in  that  re^wet  a  Pre- 

aontended  in  tbe  Houn  of  Lonh  that  the  mier's  reputation  often  eiceedi  bii  dceerti. 

reial  rule  of  offldal  life  wu**  never  to  He  ha>  the  advantage  of  nerer  being;;  con- 
injthiOR  till  a  man  could  not  poviblj  itnined  to  ipeak  upon  trifling  occauoni, 
belp  iL"  To  this  Iheorj  hii  practice  at  of  almyi  being  heard  with  pmfbuDd  at- 
tlie  Home  Office  <ni  perlectiv  conform-  tentioD,  of  binnp  hii  ipeeehea  tUllj  re- 
able  i  but,  fonunatdy  fbr  that  depaitmeDt,  ported  and  extenMvelj  paUubed,  of  hiving 
bii  adminiitration  of  it*  aibin  did  not  nil  beit  pawagM  quoted  in  even  quarter, 
continue  much  bejrond  tfaiM  Team,  of  bung  fiimilbed  b;  bii  nibonllnatei 
Durittg  tbe  KMon  of  1834  the  eovem-  irith  the  most  exact  and  copioui  inlbcma- 
ment  proiMMed  to  make  a  connderable  tion.  of  being  permitted  to  cIok  ilinotf 
•Itenlion  in  the  tfite  of  tbe  Irish  Church  ever;  debate,  and  therefore  of  expatiating 
establishment.  From  this  ptoposiCum  uninfluenced  bj  the  terrors  of  a  reply. 
Lord  Ripon,  Lord  Slanlej,  Ibe  Duke  of  Yet  all  these  appliances  have  not  been 
Richmond,  Sir  James  Graham,  and  otlieis,  sufficient  to  build  up  for  some  men  tbe 
disaented ;  thej  consequenllj  threw  up  oraloricsl  cbsncier ;  and  of  that  number 
their  offices,  and  thencefoiward  Lord  was  Lord  Melbourne.  Netertbelen,  be 
Grey's  position  became  unrtable.  lite  posaeaed  many  requisite*  of  a  public 
Kinff  sent  for  Viscount  Melbourne,  and  ipeaker.  He  wu  once  a  very  handsome 
on  the  14(h  oF  July.  IBS4,  his  lordship  man,  and  be  enjoyed  at  all  tinua  tbe  ad- 
announced  that  he  had  been  authorised  to  vanl^es  of  a  qiost  prepowBwing  appear- 


_ H  the  Ministrr.     This  he  con-  ance,  s  mellow  and  n  

Irived  to  do  after  an  imperfect  fiuhion,  flil  temper,  and  a  cordial  fi«nfctie*s  of 

and  with  no  small  difficulty  bis  Cabinet  manner,  which,  notwithstanding  that  it 

managed,  till  tbe  riung  of  Parliament,  to  lometimei  dwmeiBled   into  ooaneneM, 

retain  their  offices,  trusting  to  agilatioD  acquired  for  Sim,  on  the  wbide,  much 

and  tbe  chapter  of  acddenti  for  giving  popularity.     But  be  was  an  immethodical 

tliem    another  year  or  two    of   official  speaker ;    the   bubbling  current  of    his 

exiHence.       But  ,  in     November    Eari  rlieloric  was  at  best  but  a  turbid  stream  ; 

Spencer  died ;    Lord    Allhorp  therefore  his  nanstives  were  unskilful,  and  his  ei- 

ceasedlobe  CbancelloroFtheEidKqucr,  positions  obscure ;  yet  fiir  many  years  he 

■ltd  tbe  king,  considerinp;  that  event  ■>  oootiived.  with  ■  certain  degra«  of  sue- 

tanlamount    lo    a    bieaking-up    of    Ibe  cen,  lo  flounder  through  ihe  business  of 

Hinirtn,  father  unoeremoaiously  called  MioisteiUI  leader  in  Ihe  House  of  Lords, 

imon    Lord   Melbourne    to    retire    ftom  The  chief  leproadi  of  the  Melbourne  go- 

oAce.     Under  the  advice  of  tbe  Duke  of  vemment  wu  an  alliance  with  tbe  dema- 


dug  attempt  w 


Wellington,  hii  Majei^  summoned  Sir    gosue  O'Connell.     PaitieiweTSia  nicely 
Robert  Peel  from  Italy,  and  a  very  pro-     babnced  tint  Minitfen  mutt  <dlen  have 
s  mside  lo  form  ■  Con-    been  in  a  minority  if  unupported  bylhit 

-■—•^'-       "  - section  of  Ibe  House  of  Commons  which 

in    those    diys    was    commonly    called 
■'  O'ConneH'i  tul :  "    whilst,    therefore. 


pitbefulllengthofcxIremeLibetslinn.     patronised  Ibe   Irish    Roman  Catholics; 

^ -^     ' '-'->-•-•--•'     -•-- ■ ■•-„  jri^  Protestanli, 

a  weU-remembered 


ntwaslhusformedwhich  held     they  tWnvned  upon  Ibe  Irish  Protestants, 


HelbounieirasRrstLordof  the  Treasury,     gave"  heavy  Mowa  and  great  discouruo- 
"     '«  letiremeBl  of  Lord  Or^,  all  the     ment '  to  the  Irish  church.     Lord  Hel- 
wondered  how  it  happened  that  tbe     boume'imioist«rialcareernaliirally<fividM 


King  thought  of  sending  for  such  a  person  itself  into  two  parts — that  whidi  briong* 

as  the  ci'^IcMist  bead  efthe  Home  Office;  lo  the  reign  of  Willism   IV.,  and  that 

because  tbe  world  never  had  the  least  idea  which  was  passed  under  tbe  dominion  of 

that  he  was  at  all  fitted  lo  be  Prime  Mi-  Quesn  Victoria.     Under  tbe  former  bii 

niiter  until  alter  be  had  actually  attained  service  wu  one  of  ease  and  fieedom. 


270        ANNUAL    RE  GISTER,  1848- 

DEATHa— Not. 

Atlhougfa,  upon  tbe  mcDOnblo  occuioii  'pomutei  of  maiiT  ealinuUe  ud  umi; 

in    1831,   Lord   Hdbourne   xw  treUed  ndd  <)iuli(ifli;  ibit  b«  iw  ■  mm  of 

ndicr  cinlisri;  bj  KIde  Williun,  there  ibrend  judgmcDt  when  be  cboM  to  emt 

can  be  no  doubt  dial  the  ■flkin  of  tbe  it>  and  of  accutale  iuigfat  iolo  die  capa- 

Palaca,  during  thai  reign,  occupied  in  a  diiea  and  finblet,  die  Tanitiea  and  jirelea. 

lea  degree  IMO  luual  ibe  altentioo  «f  Ibe  voo»,  of  Ibe  profeaaional  politiciaM  bj 

CabineL     But  UwoomnienoMiMPt  of  die  wbmn  it  mm  fail  lot  a>  HiniMer  to  be  nr- 

tMw  reign  impowd  upon  Lord  Melbourne  rounded.     Ha  bad  a  fair,  peutlaBanliba 

a  DOTel,  and  latber  a  difficult,  aariea  of  acquaintance  viA  tb*  dOBcal  aotbon  at 

duliea.     That  be  accomplithed  tut  task  Greece  and  Rome,  wbich  be  condnned  to 

witb  aonnimmate  addieat  ■•  atteiled  bj  read  ereo  wbeo  burdened  mtb  tbe  toili  of 

Ibe  evidence  of  bcM,  ind  tbe  concurrent  Male,  and  no  oantempdble  knowledge  «t 

SioiuD  of  all  obaerrer*  (  and  bii  Lord-  dte  paK  and  coDtemporaneou*  liuntun 

ip  ia  entitled  to  )till  higher  praiK,  for  ha  of  hu  own  counti;.     Sodeft  iraa,  bow-. 

■pared  no  paitta  to  imbue  Ibe  mind  of  Her  erer,  eminently  bi(  plaoe.     u  Ibe  draw- 

Majeatj  with  adeepaanieof  the  raponii-  ing-ioom  and  at  tbe  dining-table  Lord 

bilitiea  attacbiTig  to  the  regal  office  ;  be  Melbourne  wa>  of  ooknaal   propoilioa. 

availod  himielf  of  all  fitting  onportuniliei  Societ}'  wai  to  him  what  Ibe  Qneea^ 

to  iiutnict  ber  in  Ibe  vuioui  dulie*  of  bar  Bench  wai  to  Sir  William  FoUelt,  or  tbe 

high  (talion ;  and,  ■■  br  w  it  wai  poariblo  Houia  of  Commona  l«  St  Robert  PeeL 

for  a  Whig  of  hb  (chool,  be  preacnled  to  Tbe  prw<t^  acquiied  in  ''  " 

ber  view  tbe  teading  prinaplea  of  the  lowed  him  into  ol' 

Britiah  coialitution.     At  tbe  time  of  her  tacter  and  by  w  ' 


r>  fer  which  bT  cfaa- 
le  WW  len  Mkptad, 


•oceadon  Ibe  Queeib  tbougb  legally  "  of    gilded  many  a  ■uccam,  and  druted  ms 

X:  to  gofern,"  bad  ■carcely  emeised  from     adefeaL     He  wai  a  man  who,  la  q>ite 
Idbood.    The  Hinieler  might  UMrefore     grave  bilingi,  will  luw  be  mneinbM< 


have  gn)f>edaad  wielded  an  unuwaldeipee  with  ipprobMJon  tot  many  eitiaiable  qus* 

of  authority.     His  party   clamoured,  at  litiea,  wboae  mirthful  auliei  eidled  tbe 

tbe  oommencement  of  a  new  reign,  for  appbuue  of  eieiy  circle  that  he  eolered, 

tide*,  honoun,  emolumentt,  and  power,  and  who«  ftank  geniali^  of  cbaiadnr 

It  requited.  Iheiefbre,  no  ordinary  fkilt  on  won  the  confidence  and  aftctioo  itf  ha 

ihe  pert  of  Lard  Melbourne  to  nicoacile  penonol  and   political   Mem  lain      Via- 

the  duty  which  be  owed  to  hii  aovereign  count  Melbourne  left  no  airrinng  iHuet 

with  the  inclioatiani  wfaicfa  would  1^  and  ii  lucceedBd  in  tiie  peerage  by  Idi 

bin)  togratiff  biafiiendii  and,  for  a  man  only  nirriiing  brother  Loid  Beunle. 

ot  hit  eaay  temper  and  utnlele  habiti,  be  —  In  tbe  Hiniter  precinela  at  Peter- 

wai  wonderfully  nicccaiful  in  eacapioa  Ibe  borough,  m  the  S3rd  year  of  her  age, 

embanaNmenti  with  which  be  found  him-  Margaret,  relict   of  the    Rer.    William 

aelf   at  that  period    luiTounded.      But,  Strang,  D.D.,  late  AtcbdeeooD  of  NoiA- 

thotuh  he  Mood  high  in  the  confidence  of  amptoo. 

tbe  Queen,  he  wai  by  thii  tiisa  rapidly  —  At  Torqua*,  aged  II,  Olivia  Jane 

loaing  ground  in  the  eetiination  of  parlia-  Lennox   Peel,  eldeit  daughter  ot    Mr. 

went.    In  the  year  1841  Lord  Nelboume'i  Laurence  and  Lady  Jane  Peel,  and  nieoe 

Cabinet  had  loat  the  confidenoe  of  evety  to  the  Duke  of  Richmond, 

peny  and  liction  throughout  tbe  country,  25.   At  BaUi,  aged  76,  the  Hon.  Ui« 

except  that  of  ■  few  drawiog-^tHima  m  France*  Harley,  only  Mirrinng  uler  at 

London.     They  clung  to  place  long  after  the  Earl  of  Oiford  and  Hwtimer. 

they  bad  loit  t»wer,  ■baodouing  variou*  26.  At   Edinbiirgb,    Andrew   Wilioa, 

measure*,  uich  u  tboae  with  regard  to  eaq.,  R.S.An  and  a  member  of  tbe  Royal 

education,  church-rale*.  Scotch  and  Irish  Academy  ot  Pine  Arti  of  Genoa      Mr. 

regidralioQ,    eccletiiatical   court*,    Irish  Wilson  wu  well  known  to  thoM  cos- 

lailwayi,  and  otben.    Fiitally,  Lord  Mel-  versaot  with  art,  bating  been  liir  many 

boumebvlrecoune  toadinalution.    Tbe  yean  master  of  the  Tnniteea' Andemy  in 

eouotiy  oonfirmed    the    verdict  of   the  Edinbur^     Mr.  WiUan  had  alao  Glled 

Houn,  nd  the  teiuuiious  minitler  mo-  the  office  of  Profenoi  of  Drawing  at  the 

combed.     From  tbii  period  hit  lordship,  Mililaiy  College  at  SaodhuiM. 


r  much  derated  to  actin  eieitJon,  ~^  Shot  by  an  ainiain,  at  hii 

now  enfeebled  by  declining  health,     SlaoGeld  Hall,  near  WnDoni" 
imal]  part  in   public    affun.      It     folk,  in  his  60lh  year,  taaac  J 


by  those  ino*t  *e9i*ible  of  hii     Recorder  of  Norwich,  one  of  the  Cbait^ 
(hat   Lord    Melbourne   was     men  of  the  Quailer  SaoioiM  of  NoiMk, 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  271 

DEATUa— Not. 

-PrandsDtof  tb«Bo«rdof  Dinctonofdw  Jermy,  Km.,  muried,  Snt,  m  1819;  Hwjr 

Norwich  Life  AMunmce  Societfi  ud  •  Anne,  daughter  of  the  lUe  Sir  TbciinH 

Dmctor  of  tbe    Nonricfa    Union    Fnv  Beefor,  but.     Sbe  dM  Id  1B23,  letriiig 

Office^     Mr.    Jermy  mi  bom    on    the  two  children,  lb*  bU  Imw  Jenn*  Jenny, 

88rd  September,  1780,  ibe  eldot  iod  of  taq^  wbo  periibod  wHb  hi*  &lber,  and 

.!_   ,_._    W,^^  Q^         „..>......  .,  .    .  ... 

ID  1S37.     He  mi  educaled  at  Jephion,    I^\ten£ij  of    Anntgh.     Rj 

X  School  ind  (t  ChruKbuich,  that  lad;,  who  died  in  October  1S3S,  ha 

Oxford,  and  wai  called  to  the  bar  by  the  hai  left  a  dausfaier,  Inbella,  bom  a  few 

Hon.  Sodelf  of  Lincola'a  Inn,  Maj  SO,  weeki  befon  ber  motber*!  death.     Mr. 

1814,  and  went  tlM  Norfalk  CircuiL     In  baao  Jenny  Jenny  waa  37  year*  of  age. 

1896  be  wM  appointed  Mewaid,  and  in  Hit  widow  ia  a  daughter  of  the  late  Be*. 

1831   Hecorder,  of  Norwich,  wooeeding  Mr.   CbeTalier,  Rector  of  Baddingbam, 

Id  each  oSkx  the  bU  Rohetl  Aldenoo,  SuHblk. 

m{.     He  wai  alN>  a   CocnadMknwr  of        27.   At  Torquay,  Charlotte  Elinbeih, 

Bankn^  fer   Noiwidi.     In  1R37>  on  ddeM  d«^er  trf  the  late  Sir  Edward 

the  death  of   hia  fetbar,  be  aucceeded  Baker  fiakcr.bart.,  and  niece  to  the  Duka 

t»  StanSeld  Hidl  and  other  landed  pro.  of  LeinMer. 

perly,  and  in  Ai«u«t  1888  he  awimed        —  At  Nmreaatle-oa-TyDe,  ^ed  81, 

the  naoie  of  Jenny.     The  Jenny  bmily  from  a  fell  from  hii  hone,  brevet  Hijor 

acquired  thii  property  tbroogh  Ibe  mar-  Hew  Gnham  Boo,  Seoottd  Cut  Royal 

J 1  nr:ii!._    i ._  iiac  Hone  Artillety,  eldeM  wn  of  Major  Qen. 

Sir  Hew  Dalrymole  Roa. 
oboie  aoceatOT,  Sir  Thomai  RidiardioD,         —  At  bit  raaioence  in  Chriit  Choreb, 

Lord  Chief  Jo«fc»  of  the  CommoDPtoai,  "■    '         "■    ~ "      " 

Bayfield  (now  SinfieU  Hall)  wai  pur- 

diaaad  hi  1043.    Tbia  Mr.  Jenny  had  no  cneater. 
iMua  bribe  ba>«M;  bnl  the  eatate  wu        _  At  Wertoo   Hook,   Albuiy,  CtM. 

)efttoUiePreMaa*,relatiTe*ofhb*eeond  Robert    Runell,    R.N.,  brotber  to  the 

wib,BndGunelotheReT.GeoT^Pre«on  Ducbeaa  Dowager  of  CtercUnd. 
(lbefetberoftbel*teMr.Jenny)punuanl        88.  In   Cheater-pUoe,  Cbcatar-aqnare, 

lolbewiUofhiibtMberlB>e,inHayI79e.  in  hi*  43nd  j^ear,  Ibe  RisbtHon.  Cbarlea 

An  admtw  claim  to  Aii  propei^  waa,  on  BuUer,  a  PriTy  CouncilTor,  IVeadenl  of 

the  death  of  Ihe  Rer.  Oeoige  Prertoa,  Ibe  Commia^on  for  the  admin  iairation  of 

iBpted  to  be  let  up  by  a  family  of  the  the  Poor  Lawa,  a  Queen'i  Coumel,  and 

leof  Luner;  indontbeMlhof  Sep-  M.P.  for  Liskeard.     Mr.  Bulleriraibora 

taoiber,  IBSS.  John  Lamer,  accompanied  at  CalcutU  b  Auguat  1800,  ibe  only  eon 

by  an   attorney  named   WingSeld,  and  of  Ibe  late   Cbaifea  BuUer,  eaq.,  a  civil 

backed  by  aoma  80  or  00  labourera  and  aerranl  of  the  Hon.  Eail  India  Company, 

imall  MdMoaea  from  Ihe  Beighbouring  Mr.  Cbarfe*  Bulkor  wm  educated  parUj 

Tillage*,  took  forcible  poMuaion  of  the  at  Haitow,  nrlly  at  Edinbun^  and  laaily 

Hall,  turned  out  Mra.  Sma,  the  houae-  at  Trinity  CoU^,  Cambrii^,  iihen  be 

keeper,  and  a  Him  BloomfieM,  wbo  waa  gare  promim  of  no  ordinary  abilkie*  and 

ttaying  with  ber,  placed  the  Amilure  on  acquiramenta.     At  23  be  entered  parlik- 

the  lawn,  and  barricaded  tbe  premiaeB,  ment  on  the  ete  of  the  Reform  Bill  fbr 

which  Iber  held  against  all  tbe  eflbrta  of  the  borough  of  Wot  Lc>oe,  which  be- 

dn  dril  Krae  to  <Uodge  them,  and  were  longed  to  hia  femily.     Hia  party,  wa*, 

(miy  expelled  by  a  military  fbrce     Emhty-  boimteT,  then  and  for  life  the  paity  of  Ibe 

hn>  peawni  wen  indicted  for  tbia  oSenoe,  pe^ie.     Ha  roled  for  tbe  bill,  lott  hi* 

and,haYiiigpleadedguilty,wereacnlenoed  borough,  and  waa  aubaequently  returned 

to  Tarioua  temu  of  imptiaonmenL     Since  for  Uikeard,  a  aeat  which  he  retained  till 

that  period  Mr.  Jemy  temained  in  quiet  hia  death.     Hi*  nuUdea  apeecb  waa  made 

poaewaioo  tt  tbe  proper^,  althou^  aome  in  1830,  on  Mr.  Davenport'a  motion  on 

rarooon  hato  reoently  beieo  cncujaled  of  the  currency.    He  waa  •  weJou*  opponent 

aiMtber  attempt  to  dupama*  Inni.     An  of  the  Com  Lawt  long  before  Ihoee  who 

•coount  of  the  horrible  aMavioation  of  ba*e  nnce  giien  him  office  "took  up" 

tbia  geatleman  and  hi*  Min,  and  tbe  muti-  that  quedion.     He  even  dedared  againat 

biioD  of  ihewifeoftbe  laUerandafomale  propoty  qualification   for   membeni    in 

tenant,  by  Jamea  BloomSeld  Ruab,  will  feTour  of  tiiennial  parlianwnli ;  and  for 

be  bond  in  die  CHkONICLi,  p.  US.    Ut,  nmoring  die  bitbop*  from  the  Uonia  ^ 


272       ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATHa— KoF. 
Lord*.     Id    [838  he  mored  u  advene     1817,  tfael  compvUiTelTeuy  pMt  for«De 
•meadment  to  the  Iriih  Contnon  Bill  i     burdened  with    great  lebour.  end    car- 
Mdoa*enr>lMheroccaiioaibe>ppeu«d     rounded  bj  periii.     The  Poor  Law  Com- 


fir«t  dttdiiTe  dep  hi _  __       

count  in  parliameM  «•*  a  ipeech  on  Iba  ilialf  ibakeii,  wbeo   Mr.   Buller,  at  the 

Public  Recordi.  a  luminou*  and  brilliant  direct  ucrtflce  of  hi*  own   comtnienee 

effort,  full  of  knowledge,  and  pregnant  and  of  a  portion  of  hi*  iacoaw,  coaaentEd 

vrith    Talitable    ujgntion*,  wbich  were  to  Mume  die  dutiea  of  *ol«  Poor  Law 

aAerward*  more  orlea  adopted.     When  CooiniiHioner.    Thi*  office,  m)  recpoiwible 

the  E*H  of  Durban)  went  to  Canada  u  and  inTidioiu,  Mr.  Buller  filled  wilb  re- 

Goiemor  Ocneral  in  1898,  be  took  Mr.  nurkable    luccet*.     The    Utoriou*   dn- 

Bullet  with  bim  a*  hi*  *ecTetar7 ;  and,  tie*  of  thi*  office,  howerer  eD|croMiDg. 

when  that  colonial  admintitiatioD  came  to  did  not  ab*oib  hi>  wboU  attention,  for, 

an  abrupt  lenninali«a,  the  couDtn  learned  wbilM  be  left  no  duli«  of  hi*  rtation  un- 

with   HiriHiie    that  the    maiterW  rapoit  performed,    be    *edulou*lf  jniraBod  the 

which  bore  tbe  name  of  tbe  Qovemor  itudie*  and  the  relation*  whxdi  befil  the 

Oencral,  and  which  will  be  temembetcd  largett  object*  of  an  Engliah  *tate»mtn. 


a*  one  of  the  fiAett  and  moM  eBectin  In  tbe  affiunof  foreign  nation*,  enedall; 
■tale  papenof  thi*age,wa*lliepnxluctioa  in  tboae  whieb  aie  ttni^ins  for  de 
of  Mr.    Buller^  pen.     From  that  lime     cMabliabiDent  of  con*titiilianal  libefty,  li 


fbrward  Mr.  BuUer'*  attentioD  waa  directed  took  a  Mrow  and  enlmfa 
with  eipecial  indutfrj  to  (he  *tate  of  tbe  and  one  of  the  la*l  Mbt<  _ 
Britiih  Colonia*  and  to  einigntion.    Tbe     occupied  bii  tbougbl*  wm  a  compnben- 


lUe  experiment  in   inde-     nve  acbeme  for  tbe  liniTOTenmt  of  (h« 
idenl  coloniHtion  whicb  had  been  made     oonditioD  of  Ireland.    Tbe*e,  md  >U  tbe 

the  enterpri*e  of  the  New  Zea-     piiifaed  life,  bate  been  abrapdj  ended. 


-117  EDgli*bmen  linoe  the  reign  of  Eliia-  other  pur*uit*  of  hi*  amiaUe  and  aocoot- 

beth  wa*  the  enterpri*e  of  the  New  Zea-  piiifaed  life,  bate  been  abrapdj  ended. 

land  Company ;  and,  although  tbe  remit  of  An  attack  of   tjphu*  fever  auperreiMd 

tliat  undertaking  fell    hr  thort  of  the  after  uuvical  treatment,  and  after  a  ihort 

hopes  of  iti  promoter*,  it  relaxed  nothing  illne**  Mr.  Buller  expired.  *■  Tboae  only 


of  Mr.  Buller^  leal  to  direct  the  energy,  who  enjojed  tbe  charm  of  hi*  ptnonal 
eapital.  and  population  of  (beae  i*laiHli  to  intercour*e  can  deaciibe  tbe  briUiancr  of 
their  Btfaral  outlet  in  the  ^mim  depen.     fencr  which  abone  in  all  Ibe  caprices  of  hi* 


._  ..  n  depen.     luic;  which abone 

a  of  the  enpir*.    Mr.  Boiler  bad    — '   "  ''—  ■--'— 


bero  called  to  the  bar  bj  tbe  Hon.  Sodelj  ncTer  allowed  that  wit  (o  inflict 
of  Lincoln'*  Inn,  on  the  lOtb  of  June,  With  nolbins  of  the  caul  of  g 
IB31,  but  had  few  opportunilie*  of  exhi-  and  little  of  tbe  creed  of  part;,  be  lived  in 
biling  hi*  fbrennc  abilitio,  being  in  1B41  nnglenei*  of  devotion  to  tbe  public  good- 
appointed,  by  Lord  Melbourne,  Secretar;  Hi*  name  will  be  remembered  amongit 
to  tbe  Board  of  Control     On  ibe  forma-  tluxe  who  have  been  finely  called 

(ion  of  tbe  Whig  Cabinet  of  1846  it  w»«  ,  --    •  1.    -.        i     £  rcn  j  _    . 

genently    M.tid|»l«i    that    ftfr.    Buller  'The  mhentori  of  unfulfilled  t^nown; 

would  be  a  member  of  it,  in  tbe  depart-  and,  if  from  hii  untimely  end  he  leave  no 

ment  for  which  hi*  knowledge  of  colonial  conifncuou*  monument  of  hi*  public  la- 

■ubject*  ■ingulai'ly  Btted  faim  g  and  it  wa*  boun,  the  greater  i*  the  loa*  to  England, 

wilb  >urpri*e  that  the  public  learned  hi*  which  is  deprived  (^  one  who,  like  Can- 
appointmenllothesinecureoSioeof  J    '  —       ■   —  ... 

Advocate  General,  which  aflbrded  n<  .  .       _     .    ^ 

ponunitie*  for  the  diiplay  nf  b>*  remark,  for  what  be  wai  than  for  w 

able  parliamenlarj  talent* :  it  wa*,  however,  formed." 
eenersllyuaderaloodthatallboughbDlding         —  In  Upper  Bedfi>rd-place,  aned  79, 

UkiaofficenomiTully  be  wouldinfactactai  Oeoige    Walliogton,   e>q.,  of   Caldicot 

■n  additional  under-^ecretaiy  for  the  Colo-  House,  Aldenham,  Herts,  late  Protbono- 

oial department.  In  Novemberortbeiame  lary  of  tbe  Court  of  (^mmou  Plea*, and 

year  hews*  appointeda  Queen'*  Counsel;  Recorder  of  8l  Albsn**. 
and  on  ibe  22nd  July,  1847,  he  wai  sworn         —  In  Elilon-aquare.  George  Aylmcr, 

of  the  Prifv  Council.     After  holding  the  youngeat  nn  of  the  late  H.  O.  Redhead 

officeofJudEB  Advocate  for  about  eighteen  Torke,  eaq. 

months,  dunng  which  time  be  remodelled        —  At  Torquay,  aged  73,  I,ieut-Gea. 

the   Mutiny  Act,  be  exchanged,  in  Nov.  John  Wsrdlaw,  Colonel  of  the  £Sth  Foot. 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE. 

DEATHS.- Dec 
He  nfred  !d  Ibe  Pentuul*.  and  rec«iT«i 
•  medal  for  tbe  butte  of  the  Hire. 

—  At  Balh,  aged  S4,  Lic(U..Oeii.  Ion. 
Jobn  Luther  KichardioD,  of  (he  Beogal  5. 
army.  ClendJiiDing,  e*q..  M.  E 

—  At  Barbadoei,  ag«d  Q7,  Cut.  Henry  of  (he  Rojal  College  of  PhTUciaiu. 
Rice.   72nd    Regimenl.   *ecaad   iod   of  —  At  Bar  Houie,  near  Go*port>  the 
Edward  Rice,  eu.,  M.P.  Right  Hon.  Anm  Louiia,  dowager  Ladj 

S9.  In  Pall   Mall,  aged  52,   Inbella.  Aahburtoo.     She  naa  Ibe  eldeat  daughter 

wife  of  Vice.Adni.   Sir  Thamai  Briggt,  of  William  Kngbam.  e*q.,  of  Philadel- 

—  Al  Malta,  William  Henrj  Holham, 
eK|.,  Lieut  44lh  Sediment,  eldeat  ton  of 
the  Hod.  Capt.  Holham,  R.N.,  and  the 

DECEMBER.  Ladf  Suaan  Hotham. 

6.   At   Dorer,   aged   49,   Ann   Uarir, 

2.  Tbe  ladj  of  Sir  John  Hall,  K.C.H.  fburth  dau^ier  of  the  late  Sir  Samuel 

&  Al  hk  reridence,  Shepperton,  Mid-  EgCrtoD  Brjilgta.  bart..  of  Deoton  Court 

dl^ez,  aged  67,  Samuel   Cooper,  esq.,  —  At  BallTliileaTen,  Quecn'i  County, 

F.R.S.     Tbia  gentleman,  deaerredl;  well  Sir  Edward  Johnaon  Walih,  the  aecond 

knovn  all  over  the  world  for  the  tariel;  ban.    (1777),    a  depui]i -lieutenant   and 

and  eitent  of  hfs   nirgical   information,  magiitnle  of  that  counly. 

WM  admitted  a  member  of  tbe   Rojal  7.  In  Old  Bood-Mreet,  Edward  Courte- 

College  of  Surgeona  on  Ihe  7th  of  Oct.  m,  eaq.,  GBh  nn  of  the  late  Right  Hon. 

1B03,  ««»  after  which   h«  entered  the  Thomaa  Parana  Courleaaj. 

utny,  and  beouue  Maff-mrgeon.    la  1806  —  At  Broadbuah  Uoiue,  near  Petera> 

be  obtained  the  Jacltsoniaa  Priie  at  the  field,  Hampfthirc,  Chrittopher  Craclten>- 

Royal  College  of  Surgeoni  (or  an  elabo-  thorp  Askew,  esq..  Poet  Captain,  R.  H. 

itfe  treatlae  on  Ihe  jointa;  uid  on  the  He  entered  the  T\avj  Feb.  SI,  179S,  and 

26(fa   of  May,   1837,   he   <raa  elected  •  aenrd  in  the   Vetlal  in  the  eipedilion 

member  of  the  council  of  that  bod^.     In  againit  Oatend,  and  neit  with  the  gallant 

.  ]S32,on  tbe  annivenary  of  the  bmb  of  Riou,inlhe  dim(in>ia.3B,altheniiguinaiT 

Hunter,  be  had  the  honour  to  dellTCr  the  battle  of  Copenb^en  ;  during  which  hji 

annual  oralion  in  memorj  of  the  founder  captain  wa>  slain,  and  86  of  bu  thipmatea 

of  the  HuQlerian  Museum.     In  1835  he  tilled  and  wounded.     After  the  reilewal 

tna  appoinled  an  eiaminer,  and  in  1845  of  the  war   with   France,   in    1809,    Mr. 

waa  eiecled  Preaklent  of  tbe  College.  Mr.  Aikew,  tbCn  Krring  in  the  tame  frigate. 

Cooper  was  for  aeTelileeo  ^n  connected  under  Cap).  Williaoi  fVkeT.astiitedaltb* 

with  the  London  Univemlj  College  and  capture  of  Lt  JVix  pri*Bteer,  of  16  gnns 

Hoapital  Bi  a  moat  papular  teacher.    When  and  96  men.     He  subaequentlv  aceompa- 

tbe  late  Mr.  LlMon'i  beallh  began  tonifier  nied  Iha  acruadron  under  Lord  Nelaon  to 

in  Ihe  aulumn  of  last  year,  he  apprised  Mr.  the  Weat  Indiea,  in  pursuit  of  the  com- 

Cooner  of  hia  inability  to  continue  the  bined  fleela,  and,  relumina  from  thence, 

uiual  aMtalance  in  ihe  surgical  leclures  i  asaisled  in  capturing  Ihe  Friiiapt  da  la 

the  deceaKd,  therefore,  made  application  Pat  Spanish  pritateer,  mounting  24.long 

lo  the  aeoate  for  the  neceaaaiy  ataistance,  9-pounderi  and   4  braas  swivda,   with  a 

■nd  requeMed  that  Mr.  Morton  migbl  be  complement  of   160  men.     HaTing  at- 

appointed  hia  anialant     This  suggestion  tained  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  he  acrred 

of  Mr.  Cooper'a  gave  greatoOence  to  Iwo  in  the  Tltalia,  36,  Capt.  J.   G.  Vuhon-, 

of  his  colleague!,  ancT  Mr.   Cooper  felt  in  the  ewedition  lo  the  Scheldt,  in  lb* 

oompelled  to  resign.     Mr.  Cooper's  pro-  year  ISOO.     He  was  promoted  from  tbe 

fesHonal    works   are — "  Reflections    on  ThaMa  to  tbe  command  of  the  Motdk 

FoinCsreUtivetDCataract.I80J;""riM  sloop,  on  the  Jamaica  WalioB,  Nov.  86t 

Lineaofthe  Pmcticeof  Surgery,  1807i"  1811.      He  was  also  aOoat  during  iba 

"  A   Traatiie  on  tbe   Diaeoaea  of   the  peace. 

Joinli"(lbepriie  essay  above  mentioned),  * 
18OT;  "  Dictionary  of  Prsctical  Surgery, 
1809;"  "EpitoDM  of  Modern   Surgery, 

4.  In  Charlea-street,  Bromplon,  aged     . 

89,   Sarah,  eldeat  daughter  of  the  late  Northenden,  Cheshire. 
Vol.  XC. 


274        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

DEATH  a— Dec. 

9.  In  Grove-lane,  Camberwell,  in  hit    uileDclid   gpedmenB   for  the  Duka   of 

63rd  yeir,  Mr.  Jame*  Bigg,  boolueiler,  of     Sutherlind  and    Deroniliire,   tlie  Hir- 


luesiet  ol 

—  At  Hoploa,  aited  39,  John  Edward  and  otEen  of  ihe  nobilitj.     Tiwj  have 
Lacon,  eu.,  of  Orraetb;  House.  faurtL  earllieDware  manu&ctoi;  at  Sew- 

0.   At  ¥ork-cre(cent,  Sir  John  Brooke  port,  and   iheM  eatabliihmenti  logetber 

Sloahouie,   (he    12th    hart.,   o(    Radlej,  give   employnient   lo  upwarda  of  fifteen 

Berkshire  (16^).    Sir  John  whs  formerly  Eundred    haadi.       Mr.   Daienpott   wu 

■  *  "'  ".■'■"  three  timet  relumed  to  parliament  for  ttie 
borough  oF   Sloke -upon- Trent ;   Gnl  in 

wat  iome  lime  registrar  Dt  me  /.uiaixiun  1B3-2,  together  irilh   Mr.  Wedgwood,  irf 

St  Ghaieepore.  Elruria;  again  in  I8S5  with  Mr.  Healh- 

11.  At  the  reaidence  of  her  daughter,  cole,  and  again  in  1837  nilh  Aid.  Cope- 

Louiia,  relict  of  Philip   Lybbe   Pawya,  land.     At  Uie  election  of  1841  he  retirad, 

esq.,  of  Hordwick  HouM,  Oifbnlihire.  on  account  of  hiaadvauciDg  yean. 

—  At  CleTpdon,  Somenetahire,  aged  14.  At  Bristol,  aged  75,  Lieut^Gen. 
75,   the  Right   Hon.    Edwaid  Wadding  Jamet  Lomax. 

Plunkett,  14th   Lord  Dunaanv,  of  Dun-  —    At    Tenbj,    aged    64,     Geoige 

■any  CiMle,  co.  Meatfa,  one  of  the  repie-  Richards,  eaq.,  of  Cheltenham,  late  b  Fd- 

aentatife  Peers  of  Ireland,  and  Lord.LieU-  lota  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.     Mr. 

tenantandCuslos  Rolulorumofthecounty  Richards  has  made   numerous    bequesta, 

of  Mealh.      I*rd   Dunsany  was  formerly  eicoeding  in  the  whole  10,0002.,  to  chui- 

LieuL-Colonel  in  the  Coldstieam  Guards,  tiet  and   puUin  institutions;    an  annuity 

with  which    he    aerred   in    Hollaad  and  of  501.  to  King's  College,  Cambridge,  for 

Egypt,  and  wo  leverely  wounded  at  the  the  benefit  of  tcholan  Ibere ;  an  annuity 

laoding  in  the  latter  country,  March    8,  of  50^  to  Elan  College,  for  the  benefit  of 

IBOl,     He  aucoeeded  to  tlie  peerage  on  superannuated  collegers;  and  of  2U  for 

the  death  of  hia  &ther,  Apnl  4,  '«"      ■ -■ '  "--'■-•. 

and  WBi  elected  one  of  the   repreienia.  —  in   camp 

tire  Peers  of  Ireland  in  1836.     He  waaa  Thomai  R  Pfunwr,  Lieut.  49th  Bam 

constant  reudent  on  bit  property  in  the  N.  Inf,  and  eldest  ton  of  Thontta  tbU 

county  of  Mealh,  where  be  eave  much  Plumer,  eaq.,  of  Canona,  Middleael. 

employment  to  the  poor.     His  lordabip  15.  At  hit   residence  in    Albemarle- 

wai  tmce  married,  and  has  left  issue.  atrcet,  aged  44,  John  Harris,  eaq-,  M.D., 

13.  In  Berkeley-tquare,  Mary,  wife  of  Cantsb.  and  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College 

William  Ord,  eiq.,  M.P.  of  Physicians. 

—  At  his  seat,  WeMwood  Hall,  Staf-  16.  In  Park^treel,  Westminster,  aged 
(i]Tdshire,aged64,  John  Davenport. esq.,  a  62,  the  Hon,  Lady  Hope,  widow  of  Adot. 
deputy-lieutenant  of  the  county,  and  late  Sir  George  Hope,  K.C.B.,  and  titter 
M.P.  for  Stoke- upon-Trecl.     Thit  gen-  to  Lord  Kinnaird. 

tleman  was  the  head  of  a  Dm  of  great  —  At   Dublin,  Major  John  Gooddar 

celebrity  for  their  mtnubcture  of  glan  Strull  Gilland,  the  eldest  of  the  Haff  of 

and  porcelain,  which  the^i  carried  on  on  a  the  Queen's  Royals.      He  aerved  through- 


«reM 

largel 


cale,  and  by  which  they  realised      out   the   camjiaign   in    AHgban 


enport  com-  Beloochittan.  and  was  present  at  the  (tortn 

uiBuved  husineu  at   Longport  in  1794,  and  capture  of  Ohuznee  and  Kheiat  in 

aad  added,  in  1797,  lo  their  other  con-  1839.     Ai  Major  be  served  in  the  can- 

cemt,  the  chemic^  preparation  of  litharge  paign  in  the  Sauthem  Mahntia  country 

and  white  lead,  for  the  use  of  the  potters,  in  1844,  including  die  storming  of  the 

-    "--"t   glaies,    baring   three   distinct  fortress  of  Punella,  and  that  in  the  Con- 

„      ,  -  At  Belmonl,  near  Walerfbrd.  aged 

introduced  by  them,  and  baa  62,  Captain  Sir  £^muel  Roberta,  Kni^ 

ever  since  oeen  extensively  carried  on;  and  C-B.     Sir  S.  Roberts  was  a  midthi^ 

connected  with  which  it  tteam-machinery  man  of  the  Anton  frigate.  Captain  P.  C. 

for  cutting  and  ornamenting  iL     Thefirm  Duiliam,   in    &r  John  Warren's  action 

have  alio  produced  brilliant  specimens  nf  with   Mens.  Bompart  in   Donegal  Bay, 

itained  glass,  and  have  got  up  some  ela-  and  at  Ihe  capture  of  La  Loirt.  Oct.  1^ 

borate  works  of  that  kind  for  chureh  and  and   18,   1798.     Me  subsequently  ioiDed 

other  windows,  particularly  one  for  St.  La  ViJage,  24,  Capt.  the  Hon.  Philip 

Mark's,   Liverpool,   and  have  fVimialied  Wodehouie,   under  whose  comuiMld  H 


APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  275 

DEATHS Dec 

proceeded  to  the  Jam^cs  atuioii,  when  muided  ber  boat*   at  the  culture  and 

he  anuted  in  cutting  out  man;  of  Ifaa  dettniciion  of  15  of  the  cneroy'a  coaMing 

anem;'*  Tenelft  but  ai   length  bad  the  venel*,  near  RocheJle,  in  Jan.  and  Feb. 

tniifortune  to  be  •eterelj'  wounded  and  1610.     Earlj  on  the  morniDg  of  May  4 

taken  priaoner.     He  oeit  Mncd  on  board  fallowing,  the  boats  of  the  Amidt,  u- 

Sir  John  T.   Duckworth'!  dag-ihip.  the  sided  bj  tboee  of  iha  Cadnuit  sloop,  and 

£ni£afAaii.74,durinsthePeaceof  AmieiM.  Mtmkty  ond  Dariirg  gun-brigs,  the  whole 

Immedialelf  after  the  lenewal  of  hoHi-  under  the  direction  of  LieuL    Rolwits, 

Kties,  be  wu  placed  b;  that  officer  under  made  an  attack  upon  a  coqtoj  at  the  Iile 

Capt.  Edmund  Boser,  of  the  Eclui  sloop  of  Rh£,  defended  by  baltenes  on  shore, 

of  war.     In  1804,  he  assiued  at  (he  cap-  two  aimed  luggers,  and  seTeral  pinnacea. 

lure  of  a  French  transport,  full  of  troops;  Although  the  enemj  were  weil  prepared  to 

and  a  prirateer  of  16  guns.     Five  well-  receive  tbem,  our  brare  fellows  boarded 

armed  Teasels.  haTiog  on  board  250  sol-  and  took  possenion  of  17  sail ;  being  un. 

diera,  were  also  captured  bf  a  single  boat  able  to  bring  ihem  out,  13  were  burnt  and 

under  bis  command,  containing  no  more  the  otfaen  left  on  abore.     After  more  aer- 

tbao  13  nen,  wilb  cutlasse*,  musket*,  and  vice  Mr.  Koberts  was  made  commander 

piatoli.      On  aiMtber   occasioo,    baring  in  IBIS.     CapL  Roberta  commanded  the 

becD  acddentatly  left  OD  shore  at  Jamaica,  Meteor   bomb    durini;   the    eipeditiona 

■nd  obsening  a  prinleer  take  possession  against  Alexandria,  Baltimore,  and  New 

of  the  Doriila  Fatttr,  a  valuable  West  Orleans,  wiib  his  usual  gallantn.    He  was 

India  trader,  be  immedialelj  embarked  nominatedsC.B.  June4.]6]5!adTanced 

with  Bome  Tolunteer  seamen  in  another  to  post  rank  on   the  I3lh  of  the  same 

merchant  vessel,  pursued  the  enemy,  and,  month;  appointed  to  the  Toy,  26.  in  Jan. 

after  an  obstinate  conflict,  comnelled  him  1616;  wrecked  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 

to  surrender  bis  pre]'.     For  this  exploit  Nov.  1 1  following.    C^itain  Roberta  was 

be  was  rewarded  with  an  order  to  act  as  constantly  employed  down  lo  a  Isle  period. 

Lieutenant  of  the  Echo.     Capt   Boger  and  had   fought  the  enemies  of  Great 

•ubae<)uently  gave  Mr.  Robetti  the  com-  Britain  on  fifiythret  occasions.     He  r«- 

mand  of  a  tender,  mounting  one  12-poun-  ceived  the  honour  of  Icniglitbood  from  the 

der  carronide  and  (wo  2-pounders,  with  a  Lord  Lieutenint  of  Ireland  in  1833,  and 

crew  consisting  of  21  men,  dbectine  him  to  was  latterly  on  the  retired  list  of  Captaini 

look  out  for  and  endeavour  to  deism  some  (1846)  at  20«.  per  diem- 

Spanisrd*  about  to  sail  from  the  Havan-  17.   At  Prinknaih  Park,  aged  37,  Mary, 

Dah  for  Europe.     He  shortly  afterwards  wife  of  James  Ackers,  eaq.,  late  M.  P.  for 

Ibll  in  with  two  veswls.  one  of  12  guns  Ludlow. 

and  60  men,  the  otlier  carrving  8  guns  19.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  77,  William 

and  40  men  j  determined,  however,  to  Oreavea,e*q.,M.D.,  lateof  Mayfield  Hall, 

defend  his  little  craft  until  the  last  ei-  Staff.,  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  Staftbrd- 

banity,  he  fought  tbem  for  half  an  hour,  shire,  Derbyshire,  and  Gloucestershire. 

■nd  did  not  yield  until  she  began  to  sink,  21.   At   Windsor,    LieuL-Col.    Adam 

takh^  with  her  to  the  bottom  the  whole  Gordon  Campbell,  Knight  of  Windsor, 

of  tbe  killed  and  wounded.     He  wsi  kept  latelj  commanding  the  16th  Regiment. 

ID  erne)  imprisonment  for  some  montiis,  —  Suddenly,  of  diseased  heart,  aged 

■nd  his  faeallh  wu  much  injured  by  bis  65,  Colonel  William  Tyrwhitt  Drake,  of 

treatment     Mr.  Roberts  served  as  Lieu-  Little  Shardeloea,  Bucks.,  formerly  of  tbe 

tenant  of  the   Unicom  frigate,  tl^aptsiD  BonI  Hone  Ouarda  Blue. 

Lucius  Hardyman.  and  commanded  a  de-  22.  In  Wobum-place,  Russell -square, 

tachment  of  50  seamen  at  the  capture  of  aged  63,  James  Cowles  Pricbard,  M.D., 

Monte  Video,  where  be  rendered  import-  Licentiate  of  the  College  of  Pbysicians, 

•nt  aid  to  the  right  column  of  the  assoiU  one  of  Her  MajesU's  Commisnoner*  in 

uits,  by  scaling  the  walls  of  tba   town,  Lunacy,   Fellow  of  tbe  Royal   Society, 

near  the  north  gate,  and  helping  to  fbroe  Member  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  of 

it  open  Irom  within.     After  his  return  many  other  lileran  and  scientific  societies, 

from  South  America  Mr.  Robert*  became  aiu],  at  tbe  time  of  hi*  death,  Prefideui  of 

•enior  lieutenant  of  the  Uiicons,  in  which  tbe  EthnCilogieal  Society  of  London.    Dr. 

c^acilv  he  assisted  at  the  destruction  of  Pricbard  was  bom  at  Rose,  in  Hereford- 

La  Vutede  ForsacM,  French  80,  andber  shire.     He  settled  asa  physician  in  Btistol 

oonsorts,  in  Aix  Roads,  April  12,  IS09.  in  the  year  1810,  and  was  connected  with 

He  subaequenly  removed,  with  Captain  tbe  principal  medical  charities  of  that  city. 

Hardyman,  into  the  Arrntdi,  38,  and  com-  Tbe  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  of  ton 
T9 


276        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1848. 

Uoiramtr  of  OxfoH  wu  eoafcrred  upon  lide^le-ounp  to  Sir  John  LunbMt    Ha 

him,  jijt  Aptema,  upon  the  occuion  of  lb«  npidl;  stbdned  the  ranic  of  Colood,  when 

initallation  of  the  Duke  of  Wetlinston  m  be  >old  out     Kins  WiDiun  IV.  id  1830 

Cbuiceilor  of  that  Unlrenin.   lutSejeir  uipointed  Mm  •  Knigbt  ComBuidet  of 

1S4&  he  <ni  appointed  one  of  Her  M^ot;'!  the  HononrUn  GuelpEtc  Order,  anil  ooo- 

Comminionen  in  Lunacy,  and  removed  ftrred  upon  him  tbo   boooiu'  of  kaight- 

to  Lendan.     Mr.  Prichard  oas  author  of  bood.     He  wai  for  lOme  v«ui  De^olj 

aoDM  high!]'  ctteemed  woriu,  of  nfiidi  Rmger  of  St  Jamei'a  mmi  Hjrde  Piita. 

Ib«  prinSpd  are.— "  Reteudwa  into  the  Upoa  the  death  of  the  Dukeot  Saaeiia 

Phnical    Hiatoiy  of   Manldnd,"   1813)  1843,  Sr  AuguMiia  D'Eate  pnfaied  ia» 

"  An  Analnia  of  the  Egjptian  Mytho-  ctaim  to  aucceod  to  (he  Kile*  and  hoBoui* 

logy,"  1819;  "ATteatiteontheDiaeaaea  of  hia  &lher,  and  the  claim  ma  heard  b; 

of  the  Nervoua  System.     Part  1.,  com.  ifae  Home  of  Lordi  in  that  year,  when, 

priaing  Conruliion  and  Maniacal  Afleiv  after  proof  ma  girtra  of  the  marriap  of 

iion*,"  1822 ;  "  A  Treatiae  on  Inianily,"  hU  iitber  and  mother,  and  of  the  birth  of 

1885;   "On  the  diflbtent  forma  of  In-  Bir  Aunului  Frederic  in  1794,  a  qucatioci 

nnily,    in    relatioD    to    Juriannidenoe,"  ma  auhmitted  to  tbe  Judge*  upon  the 

ISiO,  13moi  "The  Natunl  Hiatory  of  effiict  of  the    Royal   Mamage  A«.  13 


E.  BouTerie,  M.  P.  for  NorllMmplon,  and  ^m  oonltacting  a  lectl  niamaKe  ntbout 

naterto  Edward  Bonieriei  eM).,  Delapra  the  ooaieni  of  lb«  Croirn,  eitbernlbin 

Abbef.  theBritnhdominlodsM'elaewhareiwbcn- 

27.    At    hi*  aeat.   Wood    End,  near  upon  the  House  of  Lorda  [eaolved  thai 

Think,  DO.  York,  aged  68,  Sb-  Samuel  Sir  AuguitiM  Frederic  D'EeU  bad  not 

Ciwnpton,  Bart,  a  deputy-lieutenant  of  eatabliihed  hi*  cUnt     Sir  AugitWaSti 

the  North    Riding,    fbrmerly   M.P.   for  unmarried. 

Derby.     H«  reprei«nled  Biat  Retford  in  29.  At  hi*  aeat,  BrAiDptoD,  Hereford- 

a«   Houae  of  Commoni  frnin  1818  till  ahire,  aged  75,  tbe  Rif^t  Hon.  Edward 

lese,  and  naa  next  elected  member  for  Harley,  fifth  Earl  of  Oifordaod  MortinMr, 

Derby,  for  which  he  aal  until  1890.     Is  and  Baron  Uarley  of  WigmorS,  co.  Here. 

ISMtie  wu  elected  without  a  conleat  far  fcrd  (1711),  D.C.L.      Hii  loidship  WM 

lliirik,  which  be  continued  to  represent  bom  on  the  SOlh  Feb.  1773,  and  w>a  the 

to  1841,  wbeti  he  retired  from  parliaotent  Only  ion  of  the   Hon.  and  Right  Rer. 

la  politics  he  naa  a  moderate  Reformer.  John  Harlej,  Lord  Biahop  of  HerefoH 

In  1838  he  was  adtanced  lo  a  baromtcy,  (third  aon  of  Edward,  the  third  Earl),  by 

which  haa  now  become  extinct  Roach,   daughter  and   heir  of   Qwnme 

38.   Aged  5«.  Sir    Augusta*   Frederic  Vaugfaan,  esq.,  of  Trebary,  co.  Raaner, 

D'Eite,  K.C.  H.,aCBlDnel  in  the  army,  and  aiieceedea  to  tbe  peetige  on  tbe  death 

Sir  AugurtiuD'Exe  wai  the  nn  oF  hit  of  hia  uncle  Edward,  tbe  fourth  EarL  Oct 

lUe  R.  H.  the  Duke  of  Suiael,  by  Lady  ft  I7S0.     In  early  life  the  Earl  of  Oxt 

Augusta  MurnLy,Be<»>nd  dau^teraf  John,  ford  took  an  acliTe  part  in  the  debalea  of 

tburtb  Ear]  of  Dunmore.    The  mamage  tbe  Honaeof  Peers,  Totingwith  the  Whiga. 

ceretBony,  Bnt  perfbnned  at  Rome,  wa*  The  Earl-  of  Oxford  married,  March  3i 

lepeated  in  London  on  the  5ib  Dec.  fbl-  1794,  Jane  Eliubeth,  daughter  of  the 

lowing,  but  in  Augual  1794  was  declared  Bev.  Jamea  Soolt,  Vicar  of  Itcben,  near 

by  tbe  Coort  of  Arches  to  be  iniaiid,  to  Southampton;  and  by  that  lady,  wbo  died 

conaFi]uenoe  of  it*  having  been  contracted  Not.  9ft  1 824.  be  tuid  isaue. 

conlnuy  to  the  prorliioiii  of  the  Koyal  80.    At   BiuHcl*.    aged    74,    Robeit 

Marriage  Act  paawd  12  Geo.  IIL     Tbi*  William  Brandling,  eaq.,  of  Low  Qoaforth, 

marriage  was  producliTe  of  two  children,  near  Newcaatls-upon-Tyne,  and  fbnnvly 

the  late  Sir  Augiutu*  D'Brte,  and  Ellen  of  PoHlaod-place,  MiddleaBt,  a  bairiNer- 

Augusta,  married  In  1845  to  Sir  Thoma*  at-law,  and  one  of  the  juatiees  of  lb* 

Wilde,  DOW  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  peace  for  the  county  of  Nor^umherlaad. 

Court  of  ConnDon  Pleas.     Sir  AukusIu*  —  At  htsaoat,  llale  Bank*,near  AlttJDT 

D'Eate  was  bom  in  the  year  1794,  and  cbam.  Cheahire,  In  his  67th  year,  Suniiel 

entered  tbe  army  a*  Lieutenant  in  the  Hibbeit  Ware,  M.D.,  F.It.S.  E<L,  and 

Royal  Fmilieta,  with  which  regiment  he  loraeAj   Secrelory  of  tbe    Society    of 

went  lo  America,  and  wai  preaent  at  the  AntiigiuuieB  of  Scotland.     He   Va*  tbe 

atladc  apoD  New   Orieana  in   1815,  a*  eldot  eon  of  Samuel   Hibbert,  esq.,  of 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.  277 

PROMOTIONS. 

Clarendon  Houk,  Cbarllon,  in  Luico-  don,  and  in  1S39,  t  ractnoj  taking  phc* 

■hire,  uil  iMumed  the  name  of  Ware,  b;  in  the  ward  of  Doi^te,  be  bei^e  ■ 

iojbI  licence,  in  ISS7,  as  bein);  the  eldeM  auididtlG,andiucceetied  tolhealileniMnie 

repretenlatiTc  of   Sir  June*  Ware,  the  gnvn  fiir  that  ward,  and  in  1S45  he  filled 

hiitorian  of  Ireland.      Dr.    Ware  eari;  tlie  civic  chair.     Alderman  Jobnton  naa 

turned  hii  attenlion  to  aeienoe,  and  i  "■'-  -    " 

TOjage  to   Shedand    Srel  brooglit    i 


B  of  chronwte  of 
iron  to  be  ^nd  in  thoae  inlanda.  He 
publiibed  an  account  of  bit  joume}',  en- 
titled. "  DescriptioD  of  the  Shetland 
Itlanda,  compnalng  on  account  of  tiieir 
OeologT,  Scenery,  Aniiquitiea,  and  Super- 
■lilinTUL"     Hflvinff  lAk^n  uo  bia  reaidenefl 


an  able  and  upright  magiBtrate,  and  taucb 
esteemed. 

—  At  Cambridge,  Mr.  Rsher,  banker, 
and  lalterlr  resident  director  of  ihe  Eaatem 
Countiei  Railnay  Company. 


iTing  taken  up  bi>  i 
in   Edinburgh,  he  became,  in   1820,   a 
Feltmr  of  the  Rojal  Socielj  of  thai  city, 
and  of  oAer  literary  and  BcientiGc  anocik- 
tiona.     He  here  publiabed  hi>  "  Stetcbet 
of  the  Pfailoaopfay  of  Apparitiona;  or,  an 
Attempt  to  Ince  inch  Illuiion*  to  their 
pbyiical  oMMa,'  pobliahed  in  1824.     Ai 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Anliaui 
of  Scotland,  he  undertook  tbe  offia 
aecretacy ;   and,  during  the  period  from 
1823  lo  1827,  he  wu  emiDcnll;  tucceea- 
f|j|  in  contributing  to  rerite  the  Society  lo 
a  Btate  of  active  uKfiilnen,  and  contri- 
buted tome  valuable   papera.     He  lub- 
aequently  paned  two  or  three  yeara  on     ^,,„, 
tbe  couliuenj^   examining   the    volcanic     ^iitn 

I    iinfl       Iralv.     nnA     ih^        _#  .1. 


PROMOTIONS. 


JANUARY. 


Gazette  PaoHOTioHa. 
34.  Major  Gen.  John  Bell,  C.B.,  to  be 
LieUL- Governor  of  Gueniaey. 

28.  John  Scott,  esq.,  to  be  Surveying 
Engineer  and  Superintendent  of  Public 
Worki,  and  Jamea  Hoaken.  esq.,  Lieut. 
R.N.,  to  be  Maiter  Attendant  and  Poit- 
'ir  the  island  of  Labuan.  Charles 
Sini[ns,eN.,to  be  Chief  Clerk  and  Re- 

—     - D  giitrar  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  Cleric 

diatricta  of  France  and    llaly,  and  the     of  the  Central   Circuit  Court,  of  New. 


linburgh,  he  embodied  aportii 
of  bis  obeervationi  in  his  "  History  of  the 
Extinct  Vokanoes  of  the  Basin  of  Neu- 
nied,  on  tbe  Loner  Rhine,"  1832,  8vo. 
Another  icaportanl  contribution  to  geology 
was  submitted  to  the  Royal  Society  of 
Edinbur^  in  1839,  and  appeared  in  Iheir 
Tranaactiona,  "On  ibe  Freshwater  Lime- 
stone of  Burdiehouse,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Edinburgh,  belonging  lo  the  Car- 
boniferous group  of  Rocka."  He  also 
published  a  "  History  of  the  CollegjaW 
Church  of  Mancheater,"  in  1830;  also 
a  curioua  volume,  printed  in  1845,  for  the 
Cbetham  Socielv,  "Lancashire  Memorials 
of  the  Rebellion  b  1715."  Dr.  Ware 
was  thrice  married. 

—  At  his  residence,  Millhaok,  West- 
minster, in  his  58lh  year,  John  Johnson, 
esq.,  AldermaD  of  the  Ward  of  Dowgale, 
in  the  city  of  London.      Mr.   Alderman 

Johnaon  wm  ihe  son  of  a  wealthy  and         _   j ,  ,       . 

enlerpriHng  paviour,  who  introduced  lo     and  heirof  John  Llo^d  Daviea,of  Bla 

notice   ihe  valuable  atone  known  aa  the     dylFryn,  oo.  of  Cardigan,  eacf..  by  Anne 

•*  Haytor  Granile,**  and  who  '*"-  -^'•"  '^^     «..i-  •■,««:■#;«.>  .4i,lH  mnA   h#ir  ^r  Ta>,« 


31.  Mai'or-Gen.  Ejir  J.  H.  Littler,  K.C.IJ., 
Ben^tal  In&nlry,  to  be  a  Gnnd  Croas  of 
the  Bath.  Arthur  Bailey,  esq.,  to  be 
Surveyor  General  in  the  Falkland  Islands. 

Arkv  Afkhhtmenti. 

28.  60ih  Foot,  brevet  Major  J.  Temple 
lo  be  Major;  brevet  Major  Lord  C.  J. 
F.  Runell,  60tfa  Fool,  to  be  Lieut.-CoL 
in  the  army.  Capt.  J.  S.  Dodaworth, 
2Dd  Life  Guards,  to  be  Major. 

Natal  Pbomotion. 


Gazette  Pbomotion s. 

2.   Arthur  Lloyd  Davies,  esq. ,  only  so 


.  b1«i  the 
contractor  for  the  celebrated  Breakwater 
at  Plymouth.  Halii^  lealiaed  consider- 
able wealth,  in  tbe  year  1836  he  vras  called 
upon  to  fill  ihe  office  of  Sheriff  of  Lon- 


ing  child  and  heir  of  John 
Lloyd,  of  Gtrmarthen,  eaq.,  deceased, 
and  niece  of  David  LJoyd,  of  Alltyr- 
Odin,  CO.  Cardigan,  eaq.,  also  deceased, 
beneefbrih  lo  take  Ibe  name  of  Lloyd 


278 


ANNUAL    REGISTER.  1848. 

PROMOTIONa 


•tier  Dane*,  uid  bear  the  ■rmi  of  Uojd 
in  the  fint  quarter. 

4.  Frederick  TroUer,  of  tbe  Middle 
Temple,  oq.,  LL.O.,  BwTitter.at-LaiT, 
Judge  of  the  County  Court!  id  llie  Wnr- 
wicuhire  Circuit,  to  take  tbe  ninume  of 
DioMlale  after  Trotter. 

11.  Tbe  ReT.  Wm.  Henry  Brookfield, 


Lord  H 
to  be  Major. 

IS.  UiMttwjhed,  brevet  Lieut-Colaoel 
P.  Young,  from  Major  half-paj  UnU 
tMdied,  to  be  Lieut-Cot^— Breret  CapL 


M.A.,  Johu  Daniel  Morell,  and  Zelinger  W.  C.  B.  Nipier,  iUth  Foot,  and  Capt 

C.   SymoDi,  eaq*.,  to  be  inipecton  of  W.  M.  O.  M'Murde,  to  bo  Majon  in  the 

Schooli  in    England  and   WaJei;    and  Ann*- 

John  Gibton,  esq.,  to  be  one  of  Her  Ma-  25.   lit  Dngoona,  brerM  Mqw  Bd>. 

jeaty'a  [n^)eclor«  of  School*  in  Scotland.  Littledale    to   be    Major.  —  Col^tnMt 


12.  Jo^  Minet  Fector,  of  Muiwelton 
House,  CO.  Dumfrie*,  eu].,  only  ao*  and 
beir  of  John  Minet  Fector,  late  of  Dorar, 
eaq.,  by  Anne  Wortley  Mantague,  only 
ataterand  beir  of  Adm.  Sir  Etobert  L«uhe> 
lale  of  Maxwciton, baK..  and  K.C.P 


Guarda,  Lieut,  and  Capt.  W.  S.  NeMoa 
to  be   CapL  and   Lieut-Coiooel.  — 9th 
Foot,   Major-Gen.  Sir  Jamea  A.  Hope, 
K.C.B.,io  be  Colonel  ~9&d  Foot,  CapL 
John  Banllej  WImol  Italia  to  be  Major. 
HI      _7lit   Foot,    Lieut-Gen.    Sir   llwiiiaa 
of     Arbulhnot.  K.C.B.,fromOlh  Foot,  to  be 
Laurie  of  Maiwellon.  Colonel. — Bnvet  Major  Tboma*  Hutton, 

17.  Gen.tbeHoD.  SirAlexanderDulT,     of  32nd  Foot,  tobe  LieuL-ColoDel  iotbe 
knight,    lo    be   Lieutenant   and  Sberiff    Army. 


Principal  of  the  ihlre  of 

17.  Rev.  Wni.PhiUipp.,UA.. Rector 
and  patron  of  Lanivei,  Comwail,  in  com- 
pliance with  the  will  of  hit  maternal  uncle, 
William  PUmank,  D.D.,  Rector  of 
Glymplon,  co.  Oxford,  lo  take  the 


Naval  Pkohotiohb. 
U.  CapL  Villiera  Francii  Hatton  to  be 

Rear.Adminil  of  ihe  Blue. 

To  be  Caplaina. — Conimiiiden  Rriiert 

"'  iTpo  (1826),Thoin»i  Harvey(1840), 

III.,.,  i^,.;,.,.  ciaiii  i:   e    uni--. 


■lie  MIDI.  Hcfe. 

-      unJ  Mamj  D«H,  «,..  U>  b,     .  J»  >-.  '^'Tf^Zi^'^   ?  5 

,d,.  •!  ih.  s«pr,«n™rt.f  It?.;'""'-,  \,i-  J:  "^""tp- 1 


.   Edmund  Murray  Dodd,  et 

a  Puiine  Judge  of  the  Supreme 

Nova  Scotia.     The   Rev.  Francii  EUit, 

M.A.,   Reclor  of  Lasham,   Hanta,  and 

Vicar  of  Long    Compton,  Werwickihiie, 

and  Mary  his  wife,  in  compliance  with  the 

will  of  her  paternal  uncle  Triatram  Hud- 

dlealon  Jervoiae,  of  Britfbrd,  co.  Wilts, 

eiq.,  to  take  the  name  of  Jervoiie  after 

Ellia,  and  tiear  the  armi  of  Jervoiae. 
29.  Lord  Conlev  (noo  SecreUcy  to 

Her   MnjeBty'i   Embaaiy  to  Ihe  Ottoman 

Porte)  lo   be   Mlniater    Plenipotenliarr     ,    ,    _     ,        .     ,     „,    ■  .       r  .-. 
a  the  Confederated  Slate,  of  Ihe  SwiA     ^  *  Stephen*  talbe ^iaJi™.- /.  Cun- 
::anlon.!  the  Hon.  Charle*  Aibbumham     """="■  ^.  '*'l  '^"''^''.i   F;   ^-  :'"''."- 


Kiibee,  and  W.  T.  &te. 

Appointmentt. — Captaina  H.  T.  Aui- 
tin,  C-B.,  to  the  BltaJitai,  ateam  guard- 
■hip  j  R.  A.  Yalea,  to  the  Itu^noiUi 
T.  W.  Carter,  to  ibe  Cakdtmia ,  Sir  H. 
Leeke,loihe  SmtJoitfi  W.  B.  Mendi. 
to  the  AgincouTti  R.  S.  Dundaa,  to  Ibe 
PatBerftdi  J.  Bennet,  lathe /maioB  ;  Sir 
J.  C.  Rott,  to  Ihe  £ii(er7>rtw. — Com- 
'       J.  A.  Menda,  to  the  Vm 


Cantoni ;  the  Hon.  Charle*  Aibbnmhani 
(tome  time   Secretary  of    LegatiDD   in 
Mexico)  lobe  Secretary  to  Her  Majeaty** 
Embauy  to  the  Ottoman  Pone. 
AauY  Appointmbnts. 

9.  Royal  Engineen,  brevet  Major  C. 
C.  Alexander,  to  be  Lieut.- Colonel. 

II.  22nd  Foot,  LieuL-CoI.  S.  J. 
Colton.  from  28th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.* 
Colonel,  met  1.  L.  Pennefather,  who  ex- 
change*.—27th  Foot,  Major-Gen.  W.  F. 
P.  T<bpier,  C,B.,  to  be  Colonel.— 41st 
Foot,  Majot-Gen.   C.  A.  A'Court.CR, 

to  be  Colonel Sfilh  Foot,  Major-Gen. 

O.  C.  D'AguUar.  C  a,  to  be  Colonel.— 


atone,  lo  the  Seoul ;  J.  M.  Hayea,  to  (he 
Champion;  J.  P.  Dickson,  to  the  Cale- 
doniai  1.  A.  Paynter,  to  the  Slur;  3. 
Greenfell,  to  Ihe  BiaJidm  i  R.  H.  Riak, 
to  tbe  Lvafiri  J.  E.  Paiey,  to  tbe 
Redneyi  C.  Hall,  lo  ihe  Agacotat;  S. 
Greenfell,  to  the  IBtatrioui. 

MsKBIBi  BnimHED  TO   PAILIAMKHT. 
Xhthlm  Univtrtitg. — John  Napier, 
Shnpihirt  (Norlk)^ioba  W. 


Ecclesiastical  Pbefebhentb. 
Right  R«v.  Dr.  John  Bird  SumOM 


'^t 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE. 

PROMOTIONS. 
(Biihop  ot  Chester)  lo  be  Archbiihop  of 
CsDlerbuTy. 

Civil  Pbefebuent*. 

Rev.  E.  GiBbrd,   M.A.,  lo  be  Head- 

Muler  of  King  Ednard'a   School,    Bir 

Govtrnrntnl  SduxJ  of  Uaign—Tttr. 
Willmm  D>ce,  A.R.A.,  aastrr  of  the 
dan  of  Ornament;  Mr.  Richard  Red- 
grave, A.R.  A..  maEler  of  Flower- dntving 
and  occaaiuDsl  lecturer ;  Mr.  Henrj 
Towntend,  matter  of  clan  of  Form  ;  Mr. 
J,  C.  Honley.  muterof  dais  of  Colour; 
Mr.  C.  J.  KicbanboD,  master  of  Geome- 
trical, Architectural,  or  Perspective  Draw- 
ing ;  Mr.  Burchett  and  Mr.  Denbj,  a>- 
(iilant-maileis. 


brevet 


M»jor    C. 


MARCH. 

GaZFTTB    PKOHOTIONe. 

2.  Robert  Holden,  of  Nuttall  Temple, 
eiq.,  to  be  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Not- 
linnham  (in  the  room  of  J.  H.  Maonera 
Sulton,  esq.);    and   John   Edwank,  of    be  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue. 


Murray  Ic 

E.    M.    Clarke    |6    be    Major. 

Lieut.-  Col.  G.  Teulon.  of  16th  Fool  (and 

late  lospecting  Field  Officer  of  Militia  in 

the  Ionian  Islands),  to  be  Colonel  in  the 

17.  34thFoot,Capt.  R.  D.  Kelly  to  b« 

31.  lit  or  Grenadier  Foot  Guards, 
Lieut,  and  CapL  H.  A.  R.  Mitchell  to  be 

Capl.  and  Lieut. -Colonel Scota  Fu«- 

lier  Guards,  Lieut,  and  Cast.  J.  H.  Blair 
lo  he  CapL  and  Lieut-Colonel.— Brevet 
Major  W.  P.  WilUana,  R.  Art,  to  be 
Lieut. -Colonel  in  ihe  Army. 

Naval  Promotions. 

30.  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Adam  Drummond, 
K.C.tI.,io  be  Admiral  of  the  Bluei  Rear- 
Admiral  J.  R.  Dacrea  lo  be  Vice- Admiral 
of  the  Blue ;  Capl.  Charlea  Solbeb;  lo 


Be|iuildy,  eWi.  lo  be  Sheriff  of  the  .  ^ 
of  Radnor  (m  the  room  of  J.  A.  Whit- 
taier,  eK], ).—  Major- Generals  Sir  Dudley 
Si.  Lcger  Hill  and  John  Ral^  Compa- 
nion* of  the  Order  of  the  Balh,  to  be 
Knight*  Commanden  of  the  said  Order. 


Wil 


Rear-Admiral  John  £ 
den  to  be  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Blue  i 
CapL  Sir  Aujfustua  W.  J.  Clifford,  bart,, 
C.B.,  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

To  he  Commanden, — J.   A.  Macdo- 
nald,  G.  H.  Gardiner,  W.  K.  Hale. 

To  be  retired  Commanden. — C.  Jeffe- 
ri»,  W.  C.  Barker. 

Appoinlmenta. — Rear-Adm.    E.   Har- 
m.  vey  to  be  Superintendent  of  Malta  Dock- 

Benjamin  Currey,  esq.,  to  be   Clerk      yard;    Caplaim   J.    E.    Erskine,    to   the 


BDt  of  the   ParUamema,  vict  I.  W. 
Birch,  esq.,  resiKCed. 

10.  James  Walson  Sheriff,  esq.,  lo  ha 
Atloniey.Gencr»l  for  the  Islands  of  Anti- 
gua and  Montierral,  and  John  Somer* 
Mariin,  esq.,  lo  be  Coroner  for  Antigua; 
John  H.  Jennings,  esq.. to  be  Commitaarj 
of  Police  for  Ihe  Island  of  Sl  Lucia. 

11.  Lieut-Col.  Ralpb  Carr  Aldenon, 
H.  Eng.,  to  be  ooe  of  Ihe  f 


H.  Smith,   C.B.,  t< 
GaiigcM,  S4 ;   E.  J.  Bird  la  the  Inreiti- 

po/or,— Commanders.  R.  Harri*.  to  tho 
Gaitgta;  J.  G.  Gordon,  to  the  WeUlng- 
toBi  Lieut  R.  M'Kinlev  Richardson,  to 
command  the  Pluto ;  Lieut  E.  E.  Tur- 
nour.tocommandthe  Shtaneatefi  Lieut 
J.  Smail,  to  command  (be  SeagidL 


B.  Eng.,  1 
ofRaOwa 


Membbbs  hetdrmbs 

AjfleabujTf. 


13.  Thomas   B.    Winter,  eta.,   lo  I  . 

Alsiatant  Receiver  General  of  Berbice.  court 

U.  The  Hon.  Cbarlei  E.  Pepya  to  be  Kima!t.- 

Cterk  of  the    Crown  in   Chnncery,  vut  LaMoiltr 

Leonard  Edmunds,  esq.,  resigned.  e«q. 

S9.  Aniliony  Sebrack,  esq.,  lo  be  Re-  Lincoln.— Thai 

gittrar  of  Demerara  and  Eatequibo,  in  tha  bouse,  e>q. 

colony  of  British  Guiana.  Monmouthsliire. 


ro  PAHLiAUEtrr. 
—  Quintin  Dick,  esq. 
Lieut.-Col.  J,  B.  B.  Eit- 


Benjunin     Hob- 


MonmouAJiirt. — Caplain  Somerset 
Wataford^Sti  H.  W.  Barron,  bait 

AnktV    APFOINTHENTS. 

a   Grenadier  Guards,  Lieut  and  Capt  Ecclmiastical  PttlFEaHENTS. 

H.  G.  Conroy  lo  be  Captain  and  Lieut-         Riftht  Rev.   Dr.  John  Gisbam  to  be 
Colonel — Setb,  Foot,  Major  H.  Sliirley     Bishop  of  Cbeatcr. 


280        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

PROMOTIONS. 

BcT,  J.  S.  Cotei  to  be  (U  Hon.  Preb. 
of  Weill  Cuhednl. 

R«T.  J.  H.  Hndogi  to  be  an  Hod. 
OmoQ  of  WoroMer. 


lonni  DeputmoiC.  Hijor-Gen.  Williiiin 
Morrioon,  Mtdrai  Art.  C.B.,  ind  IjeuL- 
Col.  Henrr  H.  Lawrence,  Bengal  Art, 
C.B.,  to  be  Ontimry  Memben  of  lb« 
Civil  DiiidoD  of  the  SecDnd  Clw  m 
Riiit[hl>  ComTDanden  of  the  Bath. 
Major-Gen.  William  "  "  " 
C.B..  to  be  an  Ordmaiy 
Mililarr  dirision  of  Knifriils 

—Lord   BWmMd,    Enm   Eitr.   ud 

ki  be   R*giui   Prii^nor  of  DiTinil;  at     Mioiiter  Pienip.  to  Runia,^  Lord  Cowl^, 


APRIL. 

OaZBTTE   pROHOTUWa. 

.  Tbe  Rbt.  William  Jacob^ni,  M.A., 


.    P.   Nuier, 

lember  of  the 


Mini 

Lord  William  hem;.  SecMaij  of  Em- 
baiBj  a(  Parii,  the  Earl  of  St.  GenDani. 
(□me  lime  SeerelarT  of  Lvation  at  Ma- 
drid. Lieut-Col.  Juftln  Sheil,  Entoj 
Extr.  and  Min.  Plenlp.  to  llie  Shall  of 
Penis,  Sir  H.  Wbeatley,  bart,  Recei'er 


Oiford,  and  Canon  of  Cbrintchurch, 

4.  John  George  Shav  Lefevre,  esq.,  to 
b«  Clerk  Awi)tant  of  (he  ParlUmenti. 

6.  Jo*eph  Howe,  etq.,  to  be  Provincial 
Secretary  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  Cleric  to 
Ibe  Executive  Council  of  that  province  ; 

James  Boyle  Uniacke,  cm;.,  to  be  Altor>  , 

ney-General,  and  William  Fivderiek  Des-  Gen-  of  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall.  G.  I 
barrel.  eMj.,  to  be  Solicilor-Generat  for  Anson,  esq..  Keeper  of  Her  MajeWy^ 
the  taid  province.  Privy  E'luae,  the   Hon.   C.  A.   Mumyi 

la  Tie  Right  Hon.  Henry  Labou-  i*^  Master  of  Her  MajeK^'s  HouKthold, 
chere  to  be  one  of  the  Commioionera  of  and  now  Conaul- General  ra  Egypt  G. 
Railway!.  Nicholb,  eaq. ,  orw  of  the  Secretoic*  to 

IS.  Hit  Grace  John  Bird,  Archbiihop  tbe  Poor  Law  Board,  E.  dudwidi,  esq  , 
of  Canterbury,  iwomof  the  Privy  Coun-  one  of  the  Commiuiniien  (or  tnouirii^ 
cit.— Cbrialopber  Rice  Mansel  Talbot,  into  the  Sanitary  Condition  of  the  Metre- 
oq.,  ntom  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Cuatoa  Pf^'*>  J-  O.  S.  Lefevre,  eaq..  Clerk  A>- 
Rotulorum  of  the  county  of  Glamor{[aD.      listanl  of  the  Parliamenli,  A.  Milne,  one 

IT.  Jamei  Miller,  M.D.  (Profewor  of      "  " 

Surgery  in  ihe  Uoiveniiy  of  Edinbursh), 
to  be   Surgeon  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Ma-     Beche,  knt.,    Dlrector-General    of  tbe 


jeity  in  SctMland.  vice  Jamei  Syme,  esq., 
removed  from  Edinburgh. 

18.  Lord  PUrick  Jamet  Herbert  Crich^ 

ton    Stuart  to  be   Lieutenant  and    Sheriff 
Principal  of  the  ahire  of  Bute- 


Geological  Surrey  of  the  United  Kioptam, 
Sir  W.  Symond^  kol..  Capt  R  N, 
Lieut-CoL  John  Jebb.  R.E.,  Snrveyor- 
Gen.  of  Prianni,  R.  Maine,  eaq,,  one  of 
the  Commiwonera  of  the  Police  of  the 


of  the  Order  of  the  Bath  by  the  addition  brocAe.  knt,  late  Lieot.-Gov 

Of  Civil  dirisiooa— the  Riglit  Hon  Heniy  Brurwwick,  Lierut-Col.  P.  H.  Robe,  no* 

L.  Bulwer,  Envoy  Eilr.snd  Min.  Plenip.  administerins  ihe  Government  of  South 

to  the  Queen  of  Spain,  the  Right  Hon.  Auatralia,  tiir  R.  B.  Clarke,  knt.  Chief 

Henry  Elli^  some  time  employed   on  a  Jualtce  of  Barbadoea.  Sir  J.  Rmre,  knt. 

Special  Hisrion  to  the  Court  of  Brazil,  Chief  Junice  of  Jatnaica,  Sir  A.  Otiphant 

the  Right  Hon. Richard  Pakenham,  Envoy  km..  Chief  Junice  of  Cnlon.  G.  Sco(- 

Eztr.    and    Min.    Plenip,   to    America,  land,  esq..  Chief  Justice  of  Trinidad,  and 

Jamet  Brook,  eiq..  Governor  and  Com-  Sir  R.  D.  Georf^  ban.,  late  Pmvnicial 

mander-in-Chief  of  Labuan,  Georp  R.  Secretary  of  Nova  Scotia,  to  be  Ordinary 

Clerk,  e«q..  Governor  of  Bombay,  Henry  Memben   of  the   Civil    Division   of  tiM 

Light,  esq.,    Oovernor  and  Commander-  Third  Clan  or  Companion)  of  tbe  ifbre- 

■    "■  ■  ■ ■  ■  "  ■  na,  Georm  Grey,  "■-'  "-'  "-   ""■- 


.n-Chief  of  British  Ouii...,  _  ._  _  _  „. 
e«q.,  Govemor-in- Chief  of  New  Zealand, 
Charles  Edward  Trevelyan,  esq.,  Axsist- 
•nt  Secrelarj  to  the  Board  of  TVeaaury, 
Sir  Randolph  I.  Routh,  knighl,  Commis- 
nry  General,  employed  on  a  particular 
'  I    Ireland.  Kcar-Adm.  BeauFbrt, 


5;JX^ 


Moat  Hon.  Order. 
•28.  Colonel  Sir  William  M.  G.  Cole- 
bnioke.  l">iR^t  to  be  Goycmor  and  Com- 
mander-! n- Chief  of  British  Guiana. 

29,   The  Earl  of  Ellesmen;,  Lord  Sey- 
mour,   Viscount  Canning,  the   Bishop  of 
"      ich,  Lord  Langdale.  Lord  Wrotte»- 
■■    " ^       "      ■    1,  hart. 


APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE. 

PROMOTIOWS. 


Joacph  Hume,  esq,,  Samuel  Rogen,e«q., 
Richard  MoncktoTi  Miina,e>q.,  uid  Jobn 
George  Shaw  Lefetre.  esq.,  to  be  Com- 
miwicHien  for  iDquiring  iblo  ihe  CondU 
tudon  uid  GoverniDeDtof  the  Britiih  Mu- 

AftHT  Afpointmekti. 


MbHBEM  BVnrKNBD  TO    PARUAMENT. 

CarlUlt. — Philip  Henjy  Howard,  eiq. 

DtiionpoTt. — John  Romiltf,  esq.  (Her 
M«iei><j'i  Soli"--  " "  --  -'---' 

Harviich.— 
house,  bait. 

J?y&  — Herbert  M.  Curtoi,  esi}. 

Sigo. — Charle*  Tomnele;,  esq. 


7.  Ifth  Light  Dngoons,  brevet  Major 
L.  PtI«  to  be  HaJDr.  —  Coldatream 
Guarda,  Lieut,  and  Cnpt.  E.  C.  W.  M. 
MilmsB  lo  be  Cipl.  and  Lieut.- Colonel. 
— I7ih  Foot,  Lieul.-Col.  J.  Stojte,  livm 
the24(h  Foot,  tube  Ueut.-Coi.Dtn  Lieut- 
Col.  J.  Penajniiclc,  C.  B.,  who  eicbuiBei. 
— 45lh  Foo^  Capt.  H.  D.  Kyle  lo  be  M»ior. 
—61st  Foot,  Lieut.  Geo.  G.  G.  C.  L'Ea- 
trwige.  C.B.,  9a(b  Foot,  to  be  ColoneL— 
96lh  Foot,  Maioc-GeD.  SirR.  Armstrung, 
C.B.,tobcColonel.— Brevet  Major  H.  k. 
Fraaer,  of  45th  Foot,  to  be  LieuL-Colonei 
in  Ihe  Array. 

14.  81atFoot,CBpL  W.  H.C.  Welles-      Comroillees  and  Reading  Clerk, 
ley  to  be   Major. -fat  We*t  hdia  Regi-     "°™  "'  WUIiam  Roae,  esq. 
ment,  Hsjor   R.  Hughes  to  be  Lieiil.. 
Colonel;    bceiet    Major    Clarke    lo    be 
Major — Brevet  Capt    A.  G.  PuUerton, 
of  2nd  Guards,  to  be  Major  in  the  Armr. 

22.  Royd  Engineers,  bcevel  Major  G. 
C.  Page  to  be  LieuL -Colonel. 


ECCLBBIABTICAL   PBBrBBMEtm. 

Rev.   W.   Watfaurton  to  be  Dean  of 
Glphin. 

CiriL  Pbefebhbnis. 
Rev.  H.G.Liddell,B.  D.,  has  been  ap. 

K'nred  Tutor  to  Hia  Royal  HiRfaaess  Ihe 
nee  of  Wales. 


MAY. 
Gazette  PaouorioMS. 


Guiai 

3.  Lord  Belbaven  to  be  Her  Majesty^ 
High  Commiisioaer  to  Ihe  Geoecil  A^ 

scmbly  of  the  Churtji  of  Scotland. 

4.  The  Duto  of  Norfolk  elected  K.  O. 
8.    The    Right    Hon.    Ednrard  John 

Stanley  (eldest  son  of  Lord  Stanley  of 
Alderley)  created  Baion  Eddisbury,  at 
Winnington,  Chester. 

—    Sbepley   Watson   Hemingiray,  of 
Oulton,   in    Rothxell,    to.    Cork,    esq.. 


Sleuartio  be  Major. — Coldstreain' Guards, 

Major  and  brevet  CoL  T.  Chaplain  lo  be 

Lieut.-CnL  ;  Capt.  aud  Lieut.-Cot.  and 

brevet  Col.  C.   M.   Hay   lo  be  Major; 

Lieut,  and  Capt.   G.  A.   Vernon,  to  be 

Capt,  and  Lieul..Col.-31lh  Fool,  Major 

N.    R.    Brown    lo  be    LieuL-Colonel ; 

Capt.  A.  C.  Goodenough  lo  be  Major. — 

4%^  Foot,  brevet  Major  H.  S.  Bruere  to 

be  Major.  ■     -j 

28.  Brevet   Captain  M.   Pole    of  the     K™'"!™''  of  J""-  Heminmy.  of  Woml 

46lh  Foot,  lo  be  M^ot  in  the  Army.  "«"■  K^"'"   ^7   Ann,  aisler  of  Shepley 

Watson,  esq.,  in  compliance  with  the  will 
Natal  Pbomotions.  of  hisgreal-uode  the  said  Shajrfey  Wat- 

ton,  lo  drop  Ihe  name  of  Hemingway  and 
ue  the  surname  of  Brown  only. 

- 15.  The  Rev.  Robert  Pennyman  Hun. 

i o   be   Commanders.— W.  Moorsom,     Perp.  Curate  of  Buxton,  co.  Derby,  in 

V.  O.  Ingletield,  J.  Dodd,  G.  H.  Dacre,      compliance  with  ibe  wiU  of  Jainea  Brown, 

M.   Hewson,  J,  Wtterouo,  J.  Trevor,  J.      of  Preston,  co.  Lana,  oenl.,  to  take  the 

Alkins,  H.   Conn,  and  J.  Deane,  to  be     aunume  ri  Walaon  only. 

retired  Commanders,  under  Ibe  regubk         16.    The   Bight   Hon.   John   Oeorn 

Uons  of  183ft  "    '  ^    .=   ,  „     .  ,  •> 


AppointmeDis.  —  Adm.  Sir  W.  H.  Gage 
<o  be  Commaoderiii.Chief  at  PlymoutL 
-Capt  J.  W.  Morgan,  to  the  tfasfiRiM.— 
ComnuuKleis  W.  Mooisom,  to  the/foax; 
R.  R.  QuiD,lotlie  Gorgos.— Lieut.  J.  C. 
Bailey,  lo  Mmmand  the  SharpthcoUr. 


Brabaion,  Earl  of  Baaaboraugh,  to  b. 
Master  of  Her  Mqeatj'a  Buck  HDuoda, 
eiee  Earl  Granville. 


Knigbled:  John  Remiltv,  e 
n  r.,  Her  Maieaty's  Soliekor-Genei 
Jofaii  LiddeU.  U.  D..  P.  R.  S,  Cbevalier  of 


*a.3; 


n  Order  of  SL  Adim,  aad 


282        ANNUAL    REG  1ST  E  R,  1848. 

PROHOTIONa 
of  Iba  Onkroflbe  RedcenMrof  GitCM,     William   Ron,  to  be   LieuL^ColiNtd^ 
il  [Dfpecloraf  Fleetiind  HiBpiUla:     Bre>«t  Capt  the  Hoc.  Ridiud  WaUoo, 


of  32nd  Foot,  lo  bo  Major. 

Naval  Pbomotions. 

To  be  CaptuD.— A.  P.  Rnler. 

To  be  Commandert. — V.  O.  [ngleSeld, 
A.  G.  West,  A.  S.  Booth,  C.  P.  HUliar. 

Appointmenti. — Caplaini  Georga   E1- 


CapL  William  Bellun,  Senl 

Her  MaJMty'*  Guard  of  Yeomep  of  (he 

Guard,  and  Matthew  W;Btt,eH|..  Lieut 

of  the  Hon.  Corp*  of  Gentlemen  at  Arm*. 

— Roj'al  Mirinea,  CapL  and  Brevet  Major 

H.   J.    Gitleapie   to   \m    Lieut. - Colone  1 ; 

and  Adjutant  J.  R.  JackaoD  to  be  CapL  „„^.„,„„„^. 

IB.  The  Re».  George  Pkkard.  M,A.,     lim  j^^^  Oc«« 
of  WbitminNeT  House,  Glouu.,  and  Bloi-      ~  ~ 
mxtbi   Doraet,  in  compliance  with  the 
will  of  Cbai.  Onren  Cambridge,  t*a.,  to 
take  the  name  of  Cambridge  after  Pickard, 
and  quarter  the  arms. 

—  Tba  Earl  of  Dalhouaie  and  the 
Earl  of  Camperdoini  elecled  Knighti  of 
tbe  Thiatle. 

23.  Jofao  Brooke  Jobnaon,  eaq.,  Cifit. 
68th  Foot,  eldefl  ton  of  Rei.  Franci* 
Charlei  Johnaon,  View  of  White  Lack- 
infftoii,  Somenet.  and  EmmaFrancea,  hii 

wife,    eldeit   (urviTtog    uiter   of   Jamea  

Brooke,  e.q.,  Rajah  of  Sarawak.  Borneo.  gir  Deni.  Le  Marchant,  bart.,  to  be 
Governor  and  Comtnander.in-ChKf  of  Principal  Secrctarv  oftbe  Board  of  Coa- 
Labuan  and  lU  dependenaea,  and  Com.  ,„|.  fiontio  Waddingtoo.eaq.,  barrirter- 
mi-iooer  and  Cotuul.  General  to  the  ,t.l.w,  (o  be  Under  Se<ael«7  of  SUte  for 
SultanandlndependenlChiefiofBoraeo,  ,]„  Home  Department, 
to  take  the  lumame  of  Brooke,  in  addi-  Edgar  A.  Bowring.  e»..  to  be  Prirate 
lion  10  that  of  JohnMn  :  dedmlion  to  ho  Secretary  lo  Earl  Graoiilie.  Wee  Pre»- 
regutered  in  Her  Majatyi   Collie  of    dent  of  the  Boi    '    '"    ' 


Cipt.    GracviUe    Gower    Loch, 

R.N.,  lo  be  CompuiLon  of  the  Both. 

25.  William  Dougal  Chrialie,  esq.,  to 
be  Agent  and  Consul- General  in  the 
MowjuitoTerritorri  Were  Giffard  Nicolaa, 
esq.,  to  be  Her  Majesty's  Consul  at  Mo- 

27.  Royal  Marines,  Breret  Major  D. 
H'Adam  10  be  Lieut.- CotoneL 

31.  Henry  Soulhem,  esq.  (noo  Secre- 
tary of  Legation  at  Lisbon),  lo  be  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  the  Argentine  Coo- 
federation. 

An  MY  Afpointhentb. 

12.  68lh  Foot,  C^  H.  Smyth  lo  b« 
M«)or. 

2a  S6lh  Foot,  iJeuL-CoL  A.  T. 
Hemphill,  (ram  2Sth  Foot,  to  be  Lieut- 
Colonel,  vice  brevet  Colonel  A.  S,  H. 
,  C.B.,  who  exchan^ — TSth 


TO    pAaUAMENT. 

Seipdltj/, — Viscount  Mandeiille. 
Cir£tf&>.-Wm.    Nicbolson   Hodgson. 


YorL—Wm.  M.  E.  Milner,  esq. 


e  Board  of  Trade. 

BCCLEBIABTICAL   PBEFE&MENTS. 

The  Very  Rev.  E.  D.  Ramsay  (Dean 
of  Edinburgh)  to  be  Bishop  of  Glasgow 
and  Galloway. 

Rer.  H.  M.  Searth  lo  be  a  Preb.  of 
Wells  CathedraL 

CiriL    PaEFERMENTB. 

Rev.  Philip  Bliss,  D.CU  to  b«  Prin- 
cipal of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  Olford. 

Dr.  Heimann  to  be  Prolessor  of  Ger- 
man langusge  and  literature  in  the  Lotidon 
Univeraily  College. 


Gazette  Pkomotionb. 
6.  Richard  Madoi  Bronlejr,  esq.,  to  be 
Secreian  to  the  Contmissionere  for  Audit- 
ing the  Public  Accounts,  rice  J.  L.  Mal- 
let, esq.,  retired. 


16.  William  Smillir,  esq.,  to  be  Adro- 
Major,  vice  Major  E.  M.  Clarke,  who     cate-Generol  and  Crown  Solicitor  for  Ihe 
^ges.— 57tb    Foot,   Lieut  •Colonel     prolines   of   South    AuMitlia. —James 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE. 

PROMOTIONS. 


Scotluid,  aq„}UD.,lobe  SolidtiH- General 
for  Aniigia. 

17.  ThODUuWillmmKiaK.eiq.fRouge- 
DrasoD  Punuivant  of  Ami),  to  be  York 
Herald 

19.  Edmrd  Stephen  Dendj',  gent,  to 

be  Rouge  Dragon  Punuivaal  of  Amu 

John  Steuut,  e*ij.,  lo  be  Muter  of  the 
Supreme  Couit,  and  Duiiel  Jacob  Cloete, 
em^  to  be  liigb  Sberiff,  lot  the  aeltlemeat 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

S2.  Sir  Thoinw  Le  Breton,  knt.,  to  be 
Bulls' of  the  iiluid  of  Jenej. 

36.  The  Hon.  Henry  George  Howard 
(Secntuy  of  Legation  al  the  Hague)  to 
be  Secretin  oF  LegatiDn  al  Lisbon;  Ihe 
Hon.  Heorj  Elliot  (now  Finl  Paid  Al- 
tachi  St  St.  Peteishurgb)  to  be  Secretuj 
of  Legation  at  the  Hague. 

27.  Henrj  Collingwood  Selbv,  eu.,  to 
be  Advocate  of  Ceflon.— The  Rev. 
Charlei  Samuel  Twuleton,  M.A.,  Rector 
of  Adiow,  Wanr.,  Edward  Bo^d  Turner 


Naval  Promotions. 


Sjke»  to  be  Vice- Admiral  of  the  Blue; 
CapL  A.  R.  Sharpe,  C.B.,  to  be  Rear- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

To  be  Commanden. —  Charlei  John 
Auiieo,  John  A.  S.  Wharton. 

Appoinimenti.  —  Commander  Lord 
Francis  RuBsetl  to  the  riTO<d,l8i  Comm, 
Nieb.  Van«ttartlothe/'raIic,16)  Comm. 
E.  M.  L;oni  to  Ihe  Pilot,  16;  Comm. 
G.  W.  Smith  to  the  Hdaia,  16;  Comm. 
C.  P.  Newland,  lo  theSatiger,  8.~Lieut. 
George  O.  Willea  to  commaad  the  Spil- 


Pabllambht. 
Geo.   Cornwall  Le^, 


Poor  Um  in  Ireland,  and  Mary  ^,>«™,.  Rg,_  j^    Cowper  to   be  Arcbd 

widowof  W.luimGi.bofoe.e«|.,  of  the  of  Cumberland,  ffer  South  Wale^ 

Ciiil  Service  in  the  island  of  Cevlon,  the 

brotbera  and  aiiler  uf  Frederick  Benjamio  CtTIL  PbbfibmbHTS. 

now  Baron  Saye  and  Sele,  to  enjoy  ihe  c.  P.  Bou^ld,  ew. .  and  J.  R.  Milt*, 

"°!15!!f!^"i.'^.."  ^  "-q-  «'e=^  Sberi&VJf  Undon  and  Mid- 

aucceeded  lo  that  diniity.  iP 


•   be  Arcbdeacon 


icceeded  lo  that  digiiiy.  dleaex 

—  The  Earl  of  Benbarouf^  and  Ihe         q   g_ 


Abuv  Apfoihtuehtr. 

1.  Uoaliached,   Brevet  Major  W.   B. 

Caldwell,  from  the  92nd   Foot,   to  be 

9.  Royal  Artillen,  Major  Gen.  J.  W. 
Smith,  C.B.,  lo  be  Colonel  Commandant. 

10.  Conn  of  R.  Sappen  and  Minen, 
CapL  J.Walpale,oflhe  Royal  Engineera, 
to  be  Major  of  Brigade. 

16.  2nd  Wat  India  Regt.,  Major-Gen. 
Sir  R.  J.  Harrey.  C.B.,  to  be  ColoneL— 
Brevet  Lieut.-CoL  G.  H.  MacKinnon, 
lo  bare  the  local  rank  of  Colonel  in  Kaf- 
fraria,  Cape  of  Good  Hope ;  Capl.  E.  S. 
N.  Campbell,  of  90th  Foot,  to  be  Major 
in  the  Aimy. 

sa  lath  I  .. 
Knot  to  be  Lieut.- 
Doberty  to  be  Major. — Coldatream 
Ouardi,  Lieut,  and  Capl.  S.  Perceral  lo 
be  Capl.  and  Lieul.- Colonel.— 35lh  Foot. 
Major  G.  Browne,  firom  44di  Foot,  to  be 
Ma|or,  cux  Major  J.  H.  O.  Moore,  who 
eichangei— Brevet  Cant.  W.  H.  Sitwell, 
35tb  Poot,  and  Capl.  G.  Creawell,  92ad 
Pool,  to  be  Majon  m  the  Army, 


JOLV. 
Gazrttb  Pkohotioni. 

7.  Doctwd   Volunteen,   I 

Brigade.  To  be  Colonel  CommandaDl, 
H.  Pnacott,  CH.,  C.B. ;  to  be  Lieut- 
Colonel,  J.  Fincham,  eaqa.  i  to  be  Majon, 
J.  Daviea,  C.  P.  Bellaniy,  G.  Vintner, 
and  W.  M'Pheraon  Rice,  aip, — Devon- 
port  Brigade.  To  be  Colonel- Conu 
mandant.  Sir  J.  Louis,  Bait. ;  to  be 
LleuL-Colonelt,  J.  HenderaoD  and  W. 
Edye,  eni. ;  lo  be  Major*,  J.  E.  MUU, 
W.  StiEant,  F.  V.  GotUeib,  and  W. 
Spilter,eMi>.— Breakwater  Battalion.  To 
be  Lieuu-Col.,  W.  Walker, »].— Sheer. 
neat  Brigade.  To  be  Colonel- Comman- 
dant, Dr.  Price,  caq.;  lo  be  Lieut.- 
ColoneU,  R.  EaMo  and  S.  Read,  eaqi.; 
to  be  Major*,  J.  Underwood,  W.  C. 
Edwardi,  and  W.  L.  Freeman,  ens.—. 
Chatham  Brigade.  To  be  Colonel  Com- 
mandant.  Sir  T.  Bourchier,  K.C.B.;  lo 
be  Lieut -Coloneb,  A.  Kartey  and  F.  J. 
Lairc,  ewp. ;  to  be  Mijora,  J.  Miller  and 
T.   Baldock,  eaq).— Woolwich  Brigade. 


284 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

PROMOTIONS. 


To  be  Cokmel'ComawiKlaot,  Sir  J.  J. 
O.  Bremer,  K.C.B. ;  In  be  Lieuteolol- 
CoioQcK  T.  Elsoo  and  O.  Lans,  esqi.; 
to  be  Mijora,  W.  Jetiktoa  tad  F.  L. 
Mouchel,  raqs. — Deplford  BrLgade,  To 
be  Colonel-ComnundBDl,  Sir  J.  Hill; 
to  be  Lieut.- Coloneb,  G.  F.  Morice  *nd 
C.  Willcni,  oqL  ;  to  be  Majon,  Thomai 
Irving  end  J.  Elliot,  eiqi. — Pembroke 
Brigade,  To  be  Colonel. Com miuduit, 
G.  T.  Filcon,  eiq. ;  (o  be  Lieut.-  Colooel, 
R.  Abethell.  e*q.;  to  be  Majon,  O. 
Chilei,  e*q.,  uid  R.  Weitherlej,  cm).— 
Ropl  Clarence  Battalion.  TobeColoneU 
ComoModaDt,  Sir  W.  E.  Pun;  to  be 
Major,  T.  F.  Grant,  etq — Hojal  Wiliiuu  Canon  of  Worcester. 
Battalion.  To  be  Colonel-Cam  nwndant, 
J.  T.  Nioolu,  e*).,  C.B  ;  to  be  Hqon, 
J,  W,  Annwrong  and  A.  Pike,  eiqi. 
a    1..!...    wni:....    T\...,»^    a-rt      *A   hd 


R.  S.  Fttiglrald,  e«|. 
SSgo — John  P.  Somen,  ei^. 
Yarmouth. —  JoKTib  Saadan,jim.,aMi., 
d  C.  E.  Rumboitt  ea^' 

ECCLEBIABTICAL    PaBTSUCEIITB. 

ReT.  J.  A.  Jeremie  to  be   Sub-Deu 
d  a  Cu»a  Reridantiaiy  or  LiDCola. 
Rev.  H.  J.  HaMJDgi  to  be  an   Hon. 


8.  John  Williun  Dupr£,  eiq., 
Frocuralor- General  in  the  Iiland  of  JerKf ; 
John  HaBmaod,  eu.,  to  be  Advooale- 
Oenenl  of  tbat  iiland. 

II.  Capt.  the  Hon.  Joeeph  Denman, 
R.N.,  to  be  one  of  tbe  Gnonu  in  Waiting 


Civil  PaBrKHMENTs. 
Rev.  R.  MiteUl,  ED.,  to  be  Vice- 
Principal  of  Magdalen  Hall,  Oibrd. 


Gazette  Prohotionb. 


R.N,  W  be  one  of  the  Groom,  in  Waiting  4.  Edmund  Amoat  GiaMui.  ™.,  to 
in  Ordinarj  to  Her  Majealy,  t-me  CotT-  i„  f.„„,^  ^^  the  Stele  of  Muaachietti. 
ringtoD.  __  11     noinnel   Sir  Wiliism  M.  G.  Cole- 


JuOice;  Jamea  George  Piguenil,  eaq., 
be  Puiine  JuMice;  and  Henry  J.  Woi 
cock,  esq.,  to  be  Attornej-Genn^for  the 
bland  of  St.  CbriMopher. 

—   William    Ferguuon,    eiq.,   to  be 
Colonial  Secretary  tat  Sierra  Leone. 

20.  Spencer- Venabies  Arglea,  of  Tor- 


and  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Islandi 
of  Barhadoe*,  Grenada,  St.  Vintient,  To- 
bago, and  SL  Lucia,  and  tbeir  dependen- 
ts. Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  J.  L.  Caldwctl, 
K.C.B.,  10  be  a  Knight  Grand  Croa  of 
tbe    Bath;     Major-Gen.     A.     Galloway, 


rington*quare,gfnt..elde.twn  of  George     c.B.,  to  be  Knight  Comminder  of  th^ 
Venablea,  «ime  time  of  Hackney,  Lieut.     -    ■       .-...-  .    .     _ 

R.N.,  by  Anne,  only  daughter  and  heir 
of  Thomai  Veiiablei,  of  Harden  Aih,  in 
High  Onirar,  Eiki,  en].,  to  take  the  wr- 
name  of  venables  only. 

25.  John  R.  Partelow,  e«).,  to  be 
Proiincial  Secretary,  and  Lemuel  A- 
Wtlmol,  eaq.,  to  be  Attorney- Oeaeral  tot 
tbe  province  of  Net*  Bruniwick. 


Akmit  AprotHTHENTS. 

18.    Grenadier    Guardt,     Lieut    and 

Capt.    E.   Goulbum   to  be   CapC   and 

LteuL- Colonel— 70th  Foot,  Cajrt.  T.  C. 

"ntnins  to  be  Major,  nice  M'Niven,  who 

21.  6th  Foot,  Major  Randal  Runiley, 
to  be  Lieut. -Colonel;  bnvet  Major  T.  S. 
Powel)  to  be  Major.— Brevet,  Capt.  John 


Bath.— Jo«iah  Napier,  esq.,  to  be  Cotwul 
at  the  Comoro  Inands;  and  Sir  Robert 
H.  Schomburgk,  knL,  to  be  Cooiul  to 
the  Dominicaii  Republic  in  St.  Do- 
mingo. 

Akhx  AFroitrrUEHTS. 
1.  Scon  Fiuilier  Ouarda,  Lieut,  and 
CapL  C.  F.  Seymour  to  be  Cut  and 
Lieul.-Colonel^2d  Foot,  Majot  J. 
Buma,  from  78th  Foot,  to  be  Major,  etoi 
H.  W.  Stitfed,  who  eichangaa.— ATth 
Foot,   Lieut-Col.  T.  L.  OiJdie,  to  be 

Lieut.- Colonel Brevet   CapL    W.    A. 

Le  MeiuTier,  45tb  Foot,  to  be  Major  and 
Lieut.. Colonel  in  die  Army;  Capt.  T. 
Wright,  4dth  Foot,  to  be  Major  in  610 
Armv.— Hmr^tal  SlatT,  AuiM.  Surg.  T. 
"  llbur,  M.D.,  &om  the  GreouUer 
Uuards,  to  be  StaO' Surgeon  oFtbe  Sec 
Class,  and  Surgeon  01  the  Royal  A 
lory  Agylum  at  Cbeiaea,  vkt  S.  O.  Uw- 


nard,  acrew-achooner,  at  Woolwich. 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE. 

PROHOTlONa 
Ntcoll  Id  be  Lieut-Colonel;   CtpL  W. 
F.  Hoey  10  be  Major.— 77th  Pont,  Lieut- 
Col.  N.  Wilaon  lo  be  Lieut-Col. 

II.  Royal  EnBJDeen,  brefM  Mijor  H, 
SwHhfTiiT  lo  be  LieuL-CoL 

15.  77th  Foot.  Captain  R.  J.  Straloo 
to  be  Major. — WMl  Foot,  breTCl  LieuL- 
Col.  W.  Hulme  to  be  Lieat^ColaDel  i 
bf«tet  U»or  Y.  M.  WIIkmi  to  he  Major— 
BreTBt  CapL  Ftauda  Broira,  of  52nd 
Foot,  lo  be  Major  In  the  Army. 

17.  R^al  Nhrioei,  CoL  Second  Com- 
maiNlMtC.  Menliei,  K.H.,  to  be  Colonel- 
ComnwiNkni  1  Ueiit>-C(J.  J.  M.  Pelchirt, 
to  be  Colonel  Second  Commindanti 
Capt.  and  hnttt  Major  S.  Garmiloa  lo 

be  Lleutenaot-ColoD^ ;  CapL  and  breret     HoDtagiu,  eiq.,  to  be   Second 
Major  J.  H.  SteTetii  to  be  Lieut.- Colonel,     Suiveyoii- General,  (at  the  C*f»  of  Good 
and  attached  to  ihe  Artillei;  Compaoics     Hooe. 

ot  tbe  Coipa.  4.  The  Marquea*  of  BreadaUraoe  iwom 

18.  27lh  Foot,  Capt   U.  WiUiamMin     ottbe  Privy  CounciL 

to  be  Major.  £-  John    Marquen    of    Breadalbane, 

25.  SOlh  Foot,  Capt.  J.  B.   Bonhani     K.T.,  to  be  Lord  Chamberlaio  of  Her 
■      Munr.— Unattadied,  breret  Lieut 
PeacDC 
tuBueae   ( 
t    Major 


286 


ECCLBnaSTICAL  Pbefbruknts. 

Rev.  Ju.  Wilion,  D.D.,  to  be  Bishop 
of  Cork,  Clovne,  and  Rota. 

Rer.  G.  H.  Langdon  to  be  an  Hon. 
Preb.  of  Cbichesler. 

SEPTEMBER. 

GaZETTE  Prouotionb. 
].  Jamet  Konfield  Peten,  eaq.,  to  be 
AatUaat  Judge  and  MaMer  of  Uie'  Roll* 
for  Prince  Ednnl'i  [ilaud.  —  Cbarles 
Bell,  en.,  to  be  SnnwyM-GeoenJ  t  Hur- 
lell  Rofalnaon  Robinaon,  etq.,  to  be  Fint 
Aniitant- Surreyor- General ;  and  George 


Munr. — Una.. 

CoL  T.  PeacDcke,  from  Captain 

pay   Portunieae   Offioen,  to  be   Major, 

—Brevet    Major    Jamea    Mill,    of   the         __    

fiOih  Foot,  to  be  Lieut-Colonel  in  tbe     etq, ,  C.  B.,  to  be  Membera  of  the  General 


Naval  Phohotionb. 

1.  Vice-Adm.  Sir  P.  W.  Autteti, 
ILC.B.,  to  be  Admiral  of  tbe  Blue; 
Rev-Adm.  J.  bapij.  to  be  Vice-AdroinI 
of  the  Blue ;  Capt  0.  T.  Falcon  to  be 
Rewr-Admir^  of  the  Hue. 

To  be  Caplaina.— F.  Scott  W.  Rad.^ 
dm. 

To  be  Commandeis. — C.  J.  F.  B*aH, 
J.A.N.  Ledger,  E^ip  Somernlle  (lata 


80). 


(  die 


Appointmentt  —  Rear-Admlral    Bar- 


Board  of  Heallh. 

30.  The  Rev.  Charle«  Blencom,  Vicar 
of  Manton  Saint  Lawrence,  co.  Nortb- 
amplon.  in  compliance  irilh  the  will  of 
John  Shiickburi;h.  Ule  of  Bourtoo  oo 
DunBinore,  co.  Wamicli.  esq,,  lo  lake  the 
name  of  Shuckburgh  after  Blencowe, 
and  bear  the  anna  of  Sbuckburgb. 

Abht  Pbomotions. 
12.  25th  Foot  brevet  Lieut.-Col.  J.  J. 
Hollii  to  be  Lieut. -Colnnel ;  brevet  Major 
A.  A.  Bu^ei  to  be  Major.— eist  Foot, 
Lieul.-Gen.  H.  Fnuer,  C.B.,  from  83rd  , 
Foot  to  be  Colonel.— eard  Foot  Major- 


ringinn   B«no1d«,    C.B.,  to   be   CMd-  Geoeial   Sir    F.    Slovin,    K.C.B.   and 

mander-in-Chief  of  <be   Cape  of  Good  K.C.M.G.,  to  be  Colonel Unattached, 

Hooe  Stationi  Captain  Patar  Richtrdi,  brevet  Lieut-Col.  Sir  J,  S.  Lillie  lo  be 

C.B.,.ta  be  Captajn  SupenntendcUt  of  Lleul.-Col. ;   brvvet   Lieut. Col.   A.    J. 

Pferobroke  Dod^ard;   Captain  Nicbolaa  Cloete   (Depuly-Quartermaater-Genenl, 

Cory  lo  eommaiHl  the  Seutkamlam.  50,  Cape  of  Good   Hope)  lo   be   Major.-^ 

._o__  r. ■ "-ar-Adm.  Reynoldi;  Brevet   Lif- '    "    *•   "'       '         '  -' 


ai  Hag-Capiai 


1   Lieut  H.   I 


I,  to  be      Eatabliahmi 


Edirard  A.  T.  Llovd,  to  tbe  Lue^, 
Lieut  and  CommaDder  Edmtd  Hall  (b^ 
to  thel^orf, 

MeKBEK   KETOkHBD  TO    PaRUAMRHT 

TlaQbrd— Hon.  Pnncil  Bariag. 


Edwardea,  of  the 
n,  on   the   Bengal 
.    0  have  the  local  rank  of 
Major  in  tbe  Lahore  territoriei. 

15.  Brevet  W  be  Lieu^•Colollel■  in 
tbe  Army,  Miion  H.  K.  Siorki.  half-pay 
UnatL  1  T.  C.  Smith,  half-pay  Unatt  ; 
W.  Sutton,  Cape  Mounted  Riflemen ; 
Sir  H.  Darrell,  Bart.,  7lh  Dii«oon 
Guards  1   and  G.  T.  ^.   Nq>ier,   Ca|>e 


286        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

PROMOTIONS. 


Poet;  W.  G.  Scott,  9lH  Footj  John 
Walpok,  Rojal  Enftinecni  C.  H.  Bur. 
oabj.  Royal  Artillery ;  T.  DoDovan, 
Cine  Mounled  Riflemeai  C.  SeafTBin, 
4Sth  Fmlj  St.  J.  T.  Broirae,  Royal 
Aitillenj  C.  A.  P.  Berkeley,  Scoti  Fu- 
■ilier  Guink;  W.  Hof^ge,  7lli  Drijioon 
Guuda;  C.  L.  B.  Maiiland,  !•>  or  Ore- 
nidier  RegimeDt  of  Foot  Guarda;  C.  C. 
YounE,  Royal  Artillery;  and  J.  J.  Bit> 
wBtt,  Cape  Mounted  Riflemen. 

19.  Soysl  Hone  Ouarda,  brefet  Maiot 
the  Hon.  6.  C.  W.  FoieMerlobe  Major, 
with  the  rank  of  Lieut.-Cot.  in  the  Aimy. 
—9th  Foot,  brevet  Major  A.  Borton  lo  be 
Major. — Mth  Foot,  (^L  A.  Maioelt  lo 
be  HuDT.~.50)li  Foot,  brevet  LieuL-CoL 
P.  J.  P«tit  lo  be  Lieut-Col. ;  brevet  Ma- 
jor W,  L.  Tudor  lobe  Major.— Brevet 
LieuL-CoL  H.  Briitow,  half-pay  38ih 
Poot,  to  be  Colonel  In  the  Army ;  Capt. 
F.  C  Cotton,  Madrai  Eng.,  lo  be  Major 
in  the  Gaat  Indiea. 

26.  eth  Foot,  brevet  Lieut.. Col.  John 
Stuart,  from  S7th  Pool,  to  be  Major,  met 
Major  T.  S.  Powell,  vtbo  eicbangea. 
Naval  Pbohotionb. 

5.  Copt.  Sir  W.  O.  Fell  to  be  Rear- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

To  be  Captaina^Fnncii  Scott,  Wm. 
RattcliO'e. 

To  be  Commanden^ — Charlei  J.  F. 
Ewait,  Jaraei  A.  SL  L^^. 

Appoinlmenta. — Commander  Jamet  B. 
WeM  to  the  SmitlumuUnt,  50,  Oag-ahip  at 
the  Cape ;  LieuL  and  Commander  T.  C. 
Herbert  lo  the  MiJumik;  LieuL  J.  C. 
Kcklemore  to  command  the  revenue 
cruioer  Victoria. — Rev.  David  Canon  ta 

be   Ch^iUin   of  the   tfo«,   120.-W.      _„.„„.._       ,™,,,^„^„„„ 

of  M^U  fj'*:;^'*'='"^°^'=^*'^'«     nee.  St^Marylebone,  En.^n  iu  ibe_»d 

Mbmbeks  betdbhbd  to  Pabliambhi. 
Aofte*.  — Stephen  Blair,  ew). 
ChellaJum.—C.  L.  Granville  Berke- 

Deimf. — Lawrence  Heyworlh,  eiq.,and 
Michael  Thomai  Ban,  eeq. 

Leicater. — lohti  Ellii,  eiq.,  and  Rich. 
Httiu,  e«q. 

ECCLEBIASTICAL   PHEFERMENTB. 

Rer.  W.  J.  Trower  to  be  Biih<^  of 
Glugow  and  Gallowij. 

Rev.  S.  Uinde,  D.D.,  to  be  Dean  of 
Cariiile. 

Rev.  W.  North  lo  be  a  Preb.  of  St. 
David's. 

Rer.  H.  Pearon  to  be  an  Hon.  Canon 
of  Peterborough. 


1  Hon.  Canon 

Chaplain. 

Rar.  A.  G.  Cornwall,  lo  Her  Hqea^. 
Civil  PMrnrstMEnra. 

Benjamin  Chandler,  eaq.,  dliteD  and 
iroomoDger,  and  Siarliog  BemoD,  eaq., 
citiien  and  diaper,  elected  Sberi&  of 
London  and  Middleaei. 

Mr.  Bviy  lo  be  Chief  C 
lo  carry  out  the  Gtheiy  lava  la  li 
Mr.  Fennel!  Aiaaatant  Commianoner. 

OCTOBER. 
Gazette  PBOuonoNB. 

2.  John  Arthur  Edward  Jonea,  of  Llan- 
arth,  Tteowen,  and  PeDllwyu,  co.  Moo- 
mouth,  eaq.,  eldot  aoo  and  heir  of  John 
Jonee,  late  of  the  nme  placet,  etq.,  de- 
ceaaed.  and  Arthur  James  Jonea.  of  the 
Royal  Welah  f^uilieni,  Edmund  Hillip 
Jonea,  Gerald  Herbert  Joitei,  and  Hiiy 
Louin  Jonet,  the  only  other  aurtjving 
children  of  the  nid  Jt^n  Jonea,  to  take 
the  name  of  Herbert  initead  of  Jonec 

5.  Thomoa  Southwood  Smith,  M.D., 
to  be  the  Medical  Member  of  the  General 
Board  of  Health. 

16.  James  Thonu  Hurt,  of  Sbelky 
Hall,  Notti,  eiq..  eldeit  aon  of  Jame* 
Hurt,  of  WfrUworth,  co.  Derby,  ew]. .  lf» 
Major  9lli  Lancert,  in  compliance  with 
the  will  of  hit  maternal  uncle,  Tfaomat 
Webb-Edge,  of  SheUey  Hall,  eaq.,  to 
take  the  lumame  of  Edge  oaty,  and  quar- 
ter the  armi  of  Edge,  in  the  fint  quaiter. 

■Grant  Heilley  Tod,  of  CumberlaiKMer- 

ce,  St.  Marylebone,  Eni^    '     '     """' 

Bengal  Nat   Inf.,  eldeM  ■__   _. 

Tod,  en.,  lale  Lieut.- CoL  on  the  Bengil 
Eil^liahment,  and  srandNm  of  JamM 
Tod,  of  Burton,  co.  Southampton,  gent., 
by  Mary  hii  wife,  slater  of  Patrick  Heitly, 
of  Hertford-street,  May-ftir,  eso.,  to  take 
the  surname  of  Heatly,  in  additioa  to 
Tod. 

20.  By  raedil  itatule,  Lieut  Herbeit 
Benjomln  Edwards,  of  the  Eaat  India 
Company's  Service  (having  the  local  nut 
of  MwoT  in  the  Lahine  Territorie)),  to 
be  an  Extra  Member  of  the  Military  Di- 
viiioo  of  the  Third  Claa,  or  Compuiioiii 
of  the  Order  of  the  Both. 

Akhy  Promotions. 

9.  4lh  Dragoon  Guards,  Major  E.  C. 
Hodge  lo  be  Lieuk.CoL— C^  W.  C 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE.  287 

PROMOXrONS. 

Fontal  to  be  Major. — Brarct  CapL   J.  Rev.  J.  Broolu  io  be  Archdeacon  of 

Brovne.  of  the  ^d  West  India  R^,  to  LiTerpoot. 

be  Major  in  the  Anajr.  Rer.  B.  Phipp*  to  be  •  Cuon  Reu> 

6.    Cape   Mounted   BiSemen,  brevet  denlierjr  of  Cliichest^. 

Lieul.-Col.   W.  Sulton  to  be  Major. —  Rev.  C.  A.  Heurlley  to  be  an  Hon. 

Brevet  Capt.  W.   MilliRui,  of  the  38th  Canon  oT  Worceater. 

Foot,  to  be  Major  in  tbe  Annf .  Rev.  W.  Harth  to  be  *n  HoD.  CaooD 

13.  lOih  Foot,  Major  G.  D.  Young  to  of  Worceiler. 

he  Lieut-Col. ;  Capt.   T.  Miller  to  be  Rev.  J.  A.  Parii  to  be  an  Hon.  Canon 

Major.  — 4^  Foot,  Major  F.   Cooper  to  of  Durham. 

be  Lieut.-Col. ;  cUfU  W.  R.  Prerton  to  Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  H.  Scott  to  be  an 

be  Major.— 9lM  Foot,  Major  C.  C.  Yar.  Hod.  Canon  of  Salitbur;. 
borougli  to  be  Lieul.-CoL  ;   Capt  B.  E. 

M.  Gordon  to  be  Mwor.  Chaplain. 

aa  5th  Dn^ioonduai^brav^  Lieut-  r^,  H.  U.  Tighe,  to  the  Lord  Lieu- 

Col.   W.   M.   Balden,  from   *d   Light  tenant  of  IreUod 
Dragoon*,  to  be  Major. — 3rd  Light  Dra- 

«oo^  Major  L.  Fj-ler,  from  16*1^1  Civil  PEErsMfENTB. 
Dr*gooni,to  be  Major. — 16<h  Light  Dra- 

Sioni,  Major  W.  H.  Archer,  ftom  5lh  Charlea  Robert  Mildiell  Jacbon,  eaq., 

ragooo    Guards,   to   be    Major. — Slit  to  be  Advocate-G^ielal  of  Bengal. 

Foot,  Major  J.  C.  Peddie  to  be  Lieut-  Mr.  Pierce  Mahoney.  to  be  one  of  the 

Col. !  Capt.  F.  G.  Ainslie  to  be  HUjor.  Tajting  Haiten  of  the  Court  of  Chancer; 

— S3rd  Foot,  Major  F.  R.  Blake  to  be  in  beUnd. 

Lieut-Col.  by  Purehaaej  Capt.  J.   D.  Mr.  R   Fergunon  ThompKm,  to  be 

Johnilonelo  be  Ma]or.~60ih  Foot,  Capt,  third  paid  AtlachS  to  the  Britiah  Embaa^ 

C.  H.  SpenceiobeMajor.— Unattached,  at  tbe  Court  of  Peraia. 
Major  T.  Crombie,  from  fiOth  Foot,  to  be 

LieuL-Co],  —  Hospital    Staff.    Anirtanl  NnvPMRiTR 

Surgeon,  T.  D.  Lighlbody,  M.D.,  from  NOVEMBER. 

25th  Foot,  to  be  A»atant   Surgeon  to  Gazettb  Pbomotionb. 
the  Forces. 

37.  Silt  Foot,  Staff  Surgeon  of  the 
Second  CUo,  Frandi  Charles  Anneale^,  ... 
to  be  Surgeon — 3rd  Weal  India  Re^n-  Univenilj  of  Oxford, 
ment,  Major-Gen.  Sir  Guj  Campbell,  9.  Tbomai  Meggiion,  lateof  Shilving- 
Bart.  CB.,  to  be  CoL— 80lh  Fool,  Ma-  ton  WetthouK,  an? now  of  Stamfordham 
ior-Gen.  Sir  E.  K.  Williama,  K.C.B.,  to  Heugfa,  both  co.  Northumberland,  in  com- 
be Col.— B-2nd  Foot,  Major  C.  F.  Max-  pliaoce  mth  the  will  of  Elizabeth  Ro- 
well  to  be  Lieut-Cot. ;  Brevet  Major  J.  chetter,  of  Whalton,  in  the  nine  countj, 
A.  Robertion  to  be  Major.— 49th  Foot,  ipiniter,  to  lake  the  name  of  Roclieater 
AaiMant  Staff  Sureeon  John  Stewart  only. 
Smith,  M.D.,  to  be  Surgeon.  21.  Major-Gen.    Sir   Robert  WiH'iam 

Gardiner,  K.  C.B.,  to  be  Governor  and 

Natal  P^etieiientb.  CoTnmander-ia-ChierrfG««l(ar— Hiilip 

D.   Soupei,  eaq.,  to  be  Reai^trar  of  the 

Court  of  First  Irutaoce  lor  the  MauiiUua. 

Julian,  Robert  Tench  Bedford.  '      '  — Jamea   Stewart,  esq.,  to    be    Deputy 

Appointmenti. — Capt  Hon.  G-  Hope,  Queen')  Advocate  for  the  laland  of  Cey. 

to  the  Raieigli!  Commander  Michael  de  Ion.  —  Edward   Palmer,  eaq.,  to  be   Her 

Court?,  to  the  HtUm,  16;    Lieut,  and  Majesty'*   Solicitor- General   for    Prinoa 

Commander  3.  F.    L.   Crofton,  to  the  Edward  Uand. — Paul  Edmund  de  Sme- 

mjUmani    Lieut  and   Commander  A.  lecki,  esq.,  to  be  an  Ordinary  Member  of 

Darby,  to  tbe  Mtdina.  the  Civil  DiviaiDn  of  the  Third  aaM  or 

Companions  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath.— 

ECCLE8IA«nCAL    PBErEEMENTB.  ^"  ^f^^  }"%  ^~'',i;'«r''  '°    P':*" 

the  Turks  and  Caicos  Islands  under  the 

Rev.  J.  Hull  to  be   Bishop   of  Man-  supervision  of  the  Governor  of  Jamuca, 

cheater.  and  to  appoint  Frederick  Henry  Alexander 

Rev.  T.  H.  Greene  to  be  Biibop  of  Forth,  esq^  to  be  President  of  the  Council 

Gibraltar.  of  Government  of  the  Mid  Islands. 


288        ANNUAL    REG  1ST  ER,  1848. 

PROMOTIONS. 

'  38l   H.  T.  HuTiMNt,  eta.,  to  be  Secre-  Citil  PsBrEKHKXT*. 
tu;  to  the  Treuuiy  of  Her  Majertj  the 

Queen  Dowiger.  The  Rev.  F.  C.  Plamptre,  D.D.,  to 
be  Vice-Chuicellor  of  tbe  Uairani^  of 

AW«r  ArroiHTMENTS.  **'SS"*"n         uwoi.          r^n^i. 

The  Rer.  H.  W.  Cookioo,  DJ}^  Mba 

2.  Rojal    Aitilleiy,    to   be    Coteneli  Vice-ChaDcdku-   of   the    UniTtnitjr   of 

Commuiduit,  Mcjor-Generali  A.  Munro  CvnbridKe. 

•nd   Sir   H.   D,    Rau,   K.C.B.1   to  be  Thomu  Bibingtoa  M«cauUv,  e*^.,  in 

Coloneli,  bravel  Colonel   Sir  W.  M.  O.  be    Loni    Rector   of   the    Univerai^  of 

Colebroolia>   C.B.,   Lieutenut- Coloneli  Olufiow. 

a   W.   Gordon,  W.  D.  Jonefc  W.  B.  "      ■  - 
DundBi,   C.B.,  and  C.   Crutlendeni  to 
be  Lieulenanl-Caloaeli.  breret  Majon  G. 
JwDM,  C.  H.  Nevill,  J.  Bloomfield,  H. 

Piltiser,   A.    HacbeBn,   R.    L.   Garstia,  DECEMBER. 
J.  A.  Wibon,  R.  TomliTiu.  H.  Wiliisnu, 

ud  R.  G.  B.  Wiiaoa.  Gazbttb  PHOMonoNa. 

S.  Slit  Foot,  Major  W.  H.  C.  Wellei- 
lej  to  be  Lieutenan  t- Colonel ;  Captun 
H.  Ftmat  to  be  Major. 

la  SgUi  Pool,  Major  C.  J.  CooW  to 
be  Lieu  tenant- Coionel,   by  purcbaw.— 

Captain  J.  W.  L.  Paxton  to  be  Major.  Stanlej  8L  I^onml't,  to  take  Ibe  naow 

17.  eiat  Foot,  Capt.  H.  Renoey  to  be  and  armi  of  Veel  only. 

Hdor.  6.   William  Michael  PeaoocL,  of  H«^ 

24.  Scot*  Fuailier  Ouardi,  Lieutenant  ney,    Middlenx,    and    ArlinghaiD,   eo. 

and  Captain  W.  J.  Ridley  tn  be  Captun  Gloucettef,  gent,  in  compliance  witb  ifae 

and   Lieut.CoIonel 44lh   Foot,  Major  will  of  Dame  Oomtli^  Mill,  of  ArliTvjMm 

A.  H.  Ferryman  to  be  Lieut.- Colonel.—  Coun,  widow  of  Sir   Richard   Mill,  of 

Captain  N.  S.  Gardiner  to  be  Major. —  Mottiafont,  ca  Soulhamptoii,  Lait.,  lotake 

Bravet  Capl.  T.  St.  Geo:«e  Liiler,  Ab  the  name  of  Yale  after  Peacock,  and  bar 

Dngoon   uuardi,  to   be  Major  in  the  the  anna  of  Yate  quuteiiy  with  hb  own. 

Army.  9.   Knishted  by  letlen  patent.  Jama 
William  ColTile,  etq.,  Puiaoe  Juatice  </ 

NiVAL  Appointmentb.  ^,f  "■"*"*  ^""^  °'  Judicature  at  Gal- 

Captahl    E.    N.    Trowbridge    tn    the  12.  Henry  Barkly,  eiq.,  to  be  GoreiBor 

Amaxmi  F.  A.  Fanihawe  to  the  JQapAns.  andCnumander-in-CbiefofBritiahGaiaiia. 

Commander   H.   S.    Hawker,   to    ihe  —  William  Frederick  Desbamt,  enj^  to  be 

Omtfi  Mr.  S.  NoUath  to  Ike  Phtitptr  Puime  Judoe,  and  Alexander  M'Doogaltf 

Heara-whooner.  eaq.,  to  be  Her  Mqet^'t  Solidlor-Geoaal 

Lieut.   F.    S.    M'Gregor  to  be  Bag-  tor  Nova  Scotia; 

Lieutenant  of  the  Oc«cdi.  16.  John  Gregoiy,  eaq.,  lobe  GoTonor 

and  Commander- ill- Chief  in  aqd  orer  tbe 

ECCLESIABTICAL  PBElTRMENTi.  Bjhama  Islwidiand  their  dependendea— 

The  Rev.  William  Jamei  Kennedy,  H.  A., 

Rev.  W.  B.  Allen  to  be  an  Hon.  Canon  The  Rev.  Ilanr  Lnngueville  Jaiiea,M.A, 

of  BrinoL  and  Thomai  William  Manhall,  esq.,  to  be 

Rev  F.  S.  Beian  to  be  an  Hod.  Canon  three  of   Her    Majeaty's    Inqwcton   of 

of  Norwich.  Scbotdi. 

Rev.  S.  CliMold  to  be  an  Hon.  Canon  26.  Lieut -Colonel  Geoive  BuUer,  of 


of  Norwich.  the  Rifle  Brieade,  to  be  a  Compaoion 

Rev.  J.  Fnmplon  tobeao  Hon.CanoD     Ibe  Bathj    Colonel   Ouncao   M'Gresor, 
of  Gloucester.  In  apector- General   of  the   ConMabuTary 


Rev.  J.  Gaiton  to  be  an  Hon.  Canon  Force    of    lieland,   and    Lieut.- Colonel 
of  Peterborough.  Charlei  Rowan,  C.  B-,  one  of  the  Cam- 
Rev,  J.  Jonei  to  be  an  Hon.  Canon  of  minionera  of  the  Police  of  tbe  Hetropolia, 
St  David'a.  lo  be  Memben  of  the  Civil  Diviiioo  of 

Rev.  F.  J.  Smith  lo  be  an  Hon.  Canoe  the  Knijthta  Commandets  of  the  Bath. 
ofWella.  29.   LieuL-Colonel  Ralph  Can- Alder- 


APPENDIX   TO  CHRONICLE. 

PROMOTIONS. 

—To  bt  Majon  id  the   Airoy, 

of  the   Royal   HoqHtil  at  Chebea,  vice  CapL  J.  H.  Brinshuni,  goih  Fool;  C*pt. 

NMve,  reaigoed.  G.  A.  L.  Blenki mod.  45th  Foot;  Cspt. 

3.  Amutrong,  Cape  Mounted  Riflemen. — 

Al«Y  Am.imilD.Tl  ""Jljl  ?«».  Joh.  D.,,,  M,D,lo  1. 

iDtpector-Genenl  of    HoniiuUs;    Alex- 

1.  lOlh  Foot.  CipL  W.  Feoiriek  lo  be  inder  Steirart,  M.D.,  to  be   Inipedor- 

Mfjor.— 3&d  Foot,  Muor  H.  V.  Brooke  General  oF  Honiitali  in  ihe  Windmrd 

(o  be  LieuL-ColoocI ;  Cap).  W.  Can,  to  and   Leeward   Iilandi   ooly,  via  Davy  i 

be  Major.— Stair,  LieuL- Colonel  W.  J.  Staff  Surgeon  W.  Munro  to  be  Depuljr 

D'Urfaaa  (Deputj  Quarlermatter-genend  Inipector- General  of  Hoapilak. 

ID  the  Windward  and  l.eeward  hluidt),  to  29.  61it  Foot,  Major  W.  Jonea  to  be 

be  Deputy  Quattermuter.Kener>l  in  North  Lieu  l^  Colonel ;  Capt.   F.  J.  Steien*  to 

Amend ;  LleutCoL  H.J.  French  (De-  be  Major.-  Ride  BHgade,  Capu  W.  H. 

puly  Quattennasler  genera!  in  Jaauica),  FranUand  lo  be  Major. 

lo  be  Deputy  Quartermuter-general  in  the 

Windward  and  Leeward  1.1  and..- Brevet  n,,,,,  PRB„atlB»rr8. 
Capt.  Sir  C.  R.  Shakeanear,  Bengal  Artil- 
lery, and  Capt.  H.  T.  Combe,  Itt  Bengal  To  be   Captaioa— Charle*   Edmundl, 
Eur.  Fuiilien,tobe  Mqoiaio  tbe  Army  in  John  Moore. 
Eaat  ladiea.  To  be  Commander*. — Bed.  H.  Bunce, 

&  4th  Foot,  LieutrCoknel  W.  0.  Gold,  Chai.  Phillipa,  Edmund  A.  Glynn. 

Avm 53rd  Foot. lobe  Lieutenant-Colonel,  To  be  retired  Commander  (1630).— 

via  brevet  Colonel  H.  W.  Breton,  who  Richard  Chegwyo. 

eicbanfia.  Anpointmenlt Cq>t.  Claude  H.   M. 

15.   49tb  Foot,  Cuitain  H.  G.  Hart  to  Buckle    lo    Ihe    Centaur    Bteam-rrigBle ; 

be   Major. — 55th   Foot,   Lieut.- General  Commander  Tarleton  to  tbe  Vaigtance, 

1.  M.  Hamerton,  C.B.,  lo  be  ColoneL—  S4;   Commander   Pr«d.  B.  P.  Seymour 

Sttd  Weat  India  Regiment,  Major  W,  R.  lo  the  Harlequin,  16;  Commander  David 

Faber,  from  49tb  Foot,  to  be  Lieutenant-  Robertson  to  the  Ct/gntl,  6, 
ColoneL 

21.  ah  Dragoon^  Capt.  H.  a  White  ME«aEa.  .ftc.hbd  to  Paeuameot. 


Zym. — Hon.  Edward  Hem;  Stanley. 
¥oTkMre(  Wett  B.)-  Edmund  DenU 


to   be    Major.- I2th    Light    Dngooi   . 

Capt   E.   Marant  to   be   Major —33rd 

Fool,  CuiU  T.  B.  Gougfa  to  be  Major.- 

Mkb  Foot.  Lteut^Col.  S.  W.  L.  Stretton, 

from  tbe  A4th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.- Colonel, 

vice  Lieut.- Colonel  Jamea  Stopford,  who  CnAritiii 

exchai^— 64th  Foot,  Major  G.  Duber-  v-narLaiM. 

ley  lo  be  Lieut. -Colonel  i  brevet  Major         Rev.  O.  A,  F.  Hirt,  to  Her  MajeMy. 

J.    Draper   to    be    Uajor. — TOlh    Foot, 

Major  J.  Galloway,  from  33nl  Foot,  lo  be  CmL  PasPBauBNTa 

Lieut-ColoDel^7lrt  Foot,  Capt  N.  M. 

Stack  to  be   Major — B%d  Foot,  Major         Michael   Pi^ndergait,  ew],  to  be  Re- 

W.  H.  Law  10  be  Lieut-Colonel;  brevet     corder  of  Norwich. 

Hqor  E.  TowDsend  to  be  Major.—  DepAt         Tbomai  Fhinn,  eaq.,  to  be  Recorder  of 

Battalion  (  ble  of  Wight),  LieuL-Colonel     Plymouth. 

Jeremiah   Taylor,  unatt,  to  be   Lieut-        John  Greenwood,  esq.,  to  be  Recorder 

Colonel,   vice    H.   Cuilaooe,    who   ei-     of  Devonport 

cbaof^and  to  be  brevet  Colonel — To         Dr.    P.    Trithen,  lo  be    Profenor  of 

be  Lieut.- Coloiiela  in  the  Anny,  Major  J.     Modem  European  Language*  in  Sir  R. 

Garroct,  aid  Foot;  Major  F.  Eld,  90lh     Taylor'a  InUitution  at  Oxford. 


L:.=.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

FINANCE  ACCOUNTS 

Cuae  L    Publio  Income. 

II.    Public  ExPEHDmntE. 
III.    DisposmoH  OF  Gbakts. 


I.-PUBLIC  INCOME  op  the  UNITED  KINGDOM 

RECEIPT.        '   Dn«bac7>:  and 

NET  RECEIPT 
Ac; 

ORDiNAnr  RETENtraa. 

£        >     d. 

JfflSlf.8 
fflSi! 

£       ^  4 

I9I.SM  awi 

113.010  It  111 
4S,7»    8  11 

£        •■  d. 

Small  BnnebM  of  tb»  Uamilury 
St^^FHa' of  RegiilaM   P^Ui^ 

TOTAU  of  Orifcary  Ramnuea 

Pay.'p«;)oiia.  At.,  of  Her  Ma- 

Jeatf.  Fonat  «r<ln|,  In  India,  per 

Uw  CmmiUiuSl  Fund  out  ^itie 
Annuity  franted  to  Pnnc.  Uo- 

ttieVreat/or  Pew»  eoBCludid  in 
M^i^  aiwni  frc^g  the  S^  of  OM 
Hooei  noeind  thm' Iha' Bank  of 

•wyralwlSySai;  of  stock     .       . 
Honey  n»lT«l  fMn  the  Sale  of  9 

g^!S^,^^-ii\ff'vi^ 

BM  t  » 

turn  i  » 

iCi.»ao  0  0 
Kooo  0  t 

ll.su  14   4 
*)Mi»"  • 

1.080.834  18    >| 

SMW  «  V 
WOOD    0    11 

«,au  14  4 

siuof  *  t 
n»AU  u  » 

«M14    1 

.«» .  ,„ 

l,0M.«3«l>   H 

a7.«a.n«  w  «A 

l.aH,311  10   » 

''aS^iftS**?'  "."^  "^  *T 

WMWJws  IB  rjj  1  i.aNuu  u  m 

».JM).I»  0  t^ 

PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS- 


FOR    THE    YEAR    1848. 
Class  IV.     Uhtukded  Debt. 

V.      POBLIO   FUKDED   DeSI!. 

VI.    Thade  akd  Natiqatioh. 


MB  tHB  YbaB  Btt0B»  Mfl  jAMtTAbt,  1849. 

TOTAL  tNCOtlE, 

^eS^iS' 

PAVUENTS 
EXCHEQUER. 

s«s.sr 

Sth  Juu^lMa 

Di^rt*. 

si? 

U,OT,1<W   S   *) 
1.478*1    7    « 

BJW  a  s 
t3.ua  1  a 

£          It    4. 

1/MJSO  10  11 

SHi,oxi  17  in 

I.4IBSK0  13    » 

aJa  f  8 
Bjoi  a  a 
t3.s«B  a  a 

1M.4M  13    01 

10.0H  im 
l«l.aDD14   H 

iVWMio  Ja 

'aj»*,904ii  7 
ia,en.to»  8  q 
ty4».Bu  7  n 

0j«  a  a 
n.ata  a  a 

aa,«o  0  0 

a>.(na  o  o 

ti.ani4  4 

aaa^  a  ■ 
sos,4ui4  a 

atau  1 

4.aai.att  lo  aji 

at,41t.3MIO   7 
•0.00«   0   * 

at,«o  0  u 

««1I4   4 

m.3K  »  s 
A8.4U  14  « 

aw  14  i 

uaa^ia  >  7^ 

»M  0 
aM»  0  0 

»Jt3  14   4 

uajot  a  < 

3M.41S14   a 

afc47r,aa»i7  sj 

""-  •« 

1B.MI.717  »  > 
i.a»«^>  10  s 

vjfl».«»  a  7j^ 

»,477JM.7   .^ 

i.oot.ata  ID  « 

si.oai.a4a  7  aJ^ 

t^At  10  a; 

t4,W3.fln  IS  a 

1JBS.0I0  a  7, 

<i,oei.«w  7  a^ 

ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


PUBLIC  EXPENDITURE 


Of  the  Unitbd  Einqdou,  excloBive  of  the  Sums  applied  to  the  Redac- 
tion of  the  National  Dubt,  in  the  Year  ended  Citb  January,  1849. 


Chugei  of  CoUectioil    .... 

Otlier  Pajmenti 

Total  hjmeiili  out  of  the  Incomi 
in  hi  («ogTM>  to  Ibe  Escheque 


FwdrdDtbi. 

Interest  tad  Muugemenl  of  tlia  Per- 

nuaent  Debt 

TenDiDsble  Annuitie* 

Total  Clurge  of  the  Funded  Debt, 
eicluura  of  the  Intereit  on  Do- 


Ciril  LiM 

Annuiiiei  and  Peuiioiis  fbr  Ciril, 
Nan],  Mililaiy,  aud  Judidal  Sei^ 
Ticei,  charged  by  nrioui  Acti  of 
Pu-liameot  on  the  Coniolidated 
Fund 

SBlariM  and  AlionaDcei       .... 

Diplomatic  Salanet  and  Pen^oni 

Court*  of  JuMioe 

Mlacellaneou*  Charge*  on  the  Con- 
loUdated  Fund 

Nw!    '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Ordnance 

Kaffir  War 

Miuellaneoui  Chareea  on  the  An- 
nual Granliof  Parliament,  including 
£276,377  9i.6d.tar  Relief  of  IM»- 
trea  in  Ireland  and  Scotland    .    . 


27,773,189  11     8 


509,763    5    2 

271,381    4  10 

166.492  17    9 

1,098,403    7    9 


3,047,384  4 
7,922,286  19 
3,076,124  0 
1,100,000    0 


4,093,090    8     7 


£  58,090,736    8    e\\ 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


DISPOSITION  OF  GRANTS. 

An  Accotmt  showing  how  the  Mokieb  given  for  the  Sbrviob  of  the 
United  Kinodoh  of  Gbs&t  Britain  and  Ireland  for  the  Tear 
1648  have  l>een  disposed  of;  distingoiahed  under  the  aeveral 
Heads ;  to  the  5th  Januai;,  1840. 


SERVICES. 

VaMma^ud. 

'¥Jt' 

£          $.     d. 

£         :     ± 
6,630,410  19    7 
A4ao,ooo  0  0 

1,100,000    0    0 

262,545    0    0 
67,900    0    0 
190,000    0    0 

'IkNV 

Obdhancb 

To  dtfny  the  Bipenm  bejoad  Iho  ordi- 
nuT  GrwU  for  the  jem   1846-7  tnd 
I847-S  for  Armj  and  Ordnance  Semoea 

To  nuke  good  the  DeSciencj  in  the  Suns 
prorided  for  the  Relief  of  DUtnn  ia  Ire- 
June.  1848;  idw  to  make  Provirion  for 
Orul.  for  dklre«ed  Unioni,  and  for  ra- 
tioning School  Children,  trom  the  IM  daj 
of  July,  1848,  until  the  euiuing  H.m«t 

To  defray  the  EipenK  iitcurred  in  the  Bri- 

couDt  of  Kckand  DeltituU  EmignnU 
from  InluKi  in  the  ye«  1847         .        . 
To  deFnj  tin  Charge  for  Civil  Conangen- 
ciei  to  Ihe  31M  da;  of  March,  1849 

ClMi  1. — PosLic  Worm  AND  BoiLDiNaB' 
To  defraT  the  EipenK  of  the  Work*  at  the 

day  of  March,  1S4S        .... 

To  defray,  to  the  SItf  day  of  March,  1849, 

the  Eipeiue  of  Workt  and  Repun  of 

Public  Buildingi,  for  Furniture  for  ra- 

Charge,  for  Ligyng  and  Watching,  and 

IflX.lW    0    0 
2,801,7ei>    0   0 

Moaooo  0  0 

969;54A    0    0 

130,985    0    0 
100,000    0    0 

190,000    0    0 

b,GoogIc 


894        ANNUAL    B  EGIST  ER,  1848. 


SERVICES— amliiiMd. 


for  RtXa  «ai  Turn ;  iIm)  for  tbe  Miin- 
teunce  ind  Repun  of  Rojd  Pikcei 
■ad  Work*  in  tha  Ronl  Gudeni,  for- 
merly chug«d  on  tb«  Civil  LUt 
To  defr>;,  in  tbe  jeu-  1848,  tbe  Expeuae 
of  Work*,  Ibr  enkigiRg  u4  iiii|Winq( 

To  defray,  to  lbs  Slit  daV  of  Marcb.'lHsi 
tbe  Eipenie  of  eiectuig  a  Palm-bouw, 
tod  li»  otber  WitrU,  loth*  ftiyfl  Po- 
tanical  Oardeiu  at  Kew  . 

To  doftaj  Ihc  Eipepic  of  pnaUimg  laaapo- 
rai7  accommooalion  for  the  Houm*  of 
Paniament,  Commitlae-rooDU,  Office*, 
and  lemponiy  Official  Retidence  for  tbe 
Speaker  of  the  Home  of  Commoni  and 
oUier  Offlcenof  the  Hduw;  IQ  |he  SIM 


day  of  March,  1849 
'■  the  Slat  day  of  March,  1849, 

-      v< 


the  Eipeaae  Of  cwtain  V'orii*  and  UaiH- 
Inoi  in  tba  Wt  of  Mas  .... 

Par  the  Service*  of  Holyhoul  Harbour  and 
Holyhead  wd  SbrBwabury  I^ofidaj  to  the 
SlM  da;  of  Marcb,  1840 

To  defiw.  >o  tb«  jev  ISIS,  tbe  GspanM  of 
coDMnicting  RaitKHin  of  Refiige    . 

To  ietrty  the  Eipeme  of  maiotuning  and 
repairing  tbe  leireral  Pubbc  Building*  m 
the  Department  of  tbe  Commianonen  of 
Public  Work!  in  Ireland;  aUo  the  Es- 
nnuei  al  lal^nd  flaTigatiaii,  vid  olber 
Serricei  under  the  direction  of  tbe  ivd 
CommiMionen ;  to  tbe  SIrt  day  of 
March,  1840        .         .        .        .        . 

To  defray  the  Eipenae  of  Work*  and  R«r 


1,1849 


«91it 


To  deftay  the  Eipenaea  of  Slationeiy, 
Printing,  and  Binding  for  tba  mivbI  Pub- 
lic Department!,  including  the  Eipenif) 
of  lh«  SlationeiT  Qttfe  i  |a  Hw  Sl*t  day 
of  March,  1849 

To  pay  the  Salariea  and  Ezpenies  of  the 
Department  of  Her  Majealj'a  Treeiurf  g 
to  tbe  Silt  day  of  March,  1849       . 

To  pay  the  Sabric*  and  Eipeniea  of  t))e 
0»M  pf  Her  Majetfy')  SvorcilHy  of 
State  for  tbe  Home  Depaitment ;  to  the 
Slit  dBT  of  March,  1840 

To  pay  the  Satarin  and  Eipeaiei  in  tbe 
Department  of  Her  Majeaty's  Secretatjr  of 
State  for  Foreign  Adiure,  and  also  of  the 


120,923    0    0 

sc^no  0  0 


4,334  0  0 

i400  0  Q 

1^792  0  0 

131,000  0  0 


23^167    0    0 


302,332   0    0 
«7,700    0    0 


;.=.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


SERVICES— ctmfnimf. 


Miached  lo  ihal  bepwtnwnt;  to  the  3Iit 
day  of  MarcK  1849        .... 

Tn  pay  the  SsUriea  uid  Eipenm  in  Ibc 
DetiarlnieDt  of  Her  Majettj'a  Secretuy 
of  Stale  for  iha  Colonie*;  to  tbe  91M 
day  of  Much,  1049        .... 

To  pay  the  Salariei  and  EipeiUM  ID  (he 


le  Slat  da;  of.Mareh,  1849 

To  defray  the  Chu^  of  the  Office  of  Her 
MajettT'*  Pajmuicr-GeiMnd,  including 
tbe  Salariet  and  Eipenaes  of  the  Excbe- 
Quer  Bill  Pa;  Office ;  to  the  Slrt  daj  of 
MaKh,  1049 

To  defray  a  portion  of  the  Eipenaet  of  the 
Ecclniaatical  Commiiaionen  for  Eng- 
Und  1  lo  the  Slat  day  of  March,  IB49     . 

To  paj  tht  Salariei  and  Eipeuea  id  Ibe 
Dejartmenta  of  (he  Comptroller- General 
of  the  Exchequer  and  the  Pajmaiter  of 
Civil  Services^  lo  the  Slit  day  of  March. 
1849 

To  pa;  tbe  Salariet  and  Eipenie*  coii' 
nected  with  tbe  Public  Record*,  and 
CotDpenialioDa  to  Keepen  of  Recordi 
and  olbera  nhoM  OBicet  have  been 
abotiahed  ;  to  the  31at  day  of  March,  1849 

To  defray  the  Eipendilure  of  the  Minlj  to 
the  Slat  day  of  March,  IB49 

To  (kfray  tbe  Charge  of  the  Office  of  tbe 
Paymafler  of  Civil  Service!  in  Ireland, 
to  tbe  Slit  day  of  March,  1849 

To  pay  the  Saluiea  and  Expeoaea  of  Ibe 
Board  of  Public  Workt  in  Irelud ;  to 
the  Slat  day  of  March.  1849 

To  defray  the  Charse  of  Her  Majeaty'i  Fo- 
reign aod  other  Secret  Servioei ;  lo  the 
31itda*of  Mardi,  1849 

To  fmj  ihe  Salariea  and  Eipeniea  of  tbe 
Too  Hoiuea  of  PartiamcDt  and  Allow- 
aocea  lo  retired  Officen  of  the  Two 
Houae*  i  to  Ihe  Sltt  day  of  March,  1849 . 

To  de&iT  Ihe  Salariea  aiid  Eipenaes  of  Ibe 
Stale  Paper  Office  i  lo  the  Slat  da;  of 
March,  1849 

To  defray  Bxpeniea  c«Di>eoted  with  the 
AdminialratioD  of  tbe  Lawi  relatine  to 
the  Poor;  lotbeSlit  da;of  March,IB49 

To  defray  Ihe  Charge  of  Ibe  Office  of  the 
CommiMionen  of  Railwaya ;  to  the  Slat 
dq  of  M«ch,  1840      .... 


72,500    0    0 

27,401     0    0 

aiMXW    0    0 

2(000    0    0 

25,000    0    0 

3,&40    0    0 

11,800    0    0 

14/S8   0    0 

£0,968    0    0 

5,546    0    0 

40300    0    0 

89,000    0    0 

80,000    0    0 

8,680    0    0 

10,670    0    0 

ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 


SERVICES— CMrinvaL 


TDUdciiOniited. 


To  pay  the  Salines  and  Eipeniet  of  the 
ln>peclnn  of  Factoriea,  Minn,  &c  i  to 
(be  3lit  dav  of  March,  1949 

To  pay  the  Sdariea  of  certain  OfBctn  In 
Scotland,  and  other  CharRra  forroerlj 
paid  ftom  the  Hereditary  ReTenue ;  to 
Hie  Sin  daj  of  Mart:h,  1S49 

To  defray  the  Charge  of  the  Salariea  of  the 
Officer!  and  Atlendanti  of  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland ;  to  tbe  Slitdavof 
March,  1849 

To  pay  the  Varies  and  Bipenret  of  the 
Chief  Secretary  to  tbe  Lord  Lleulenani 
of  Ireland  in  London  and  Dublin,  and 
the  Privy  Council  Office  in  Ireland;  to 
the  31>t  day  of  March,  Ifl49 

Claaa  3. — Law  and  JtiSTicK. 

To  defray  the  Expeiue*  connected  with  the 
Proaecution  of  Ofienden  anintt  tbe  Law* 
relating  to  the  Coin ;  to  the  Sin  day  of 
March,  1649 

To  defray,  to  the  Slit  day  of  March,  184% 
the  Eipenaea  incurred  by  Sherilfs,  the 
DeBciency  in  the  Peea  in  the  Office  of 
tbe  Queen'i  Remembnncer  in  the  Ex- 
chequer, the  Salariea  and  Ancient  Al- 
lowance! to  certain  OScen  of  the  Court 
of  Exchequer,  and  certain  Eipenaea  of 
the  Queen'a  Priaon       .... 

To  delTBT  the  Expenaet  of  the  Prison  for 
Jurenife  OBendera  at  Parkbunt,  in  tbe 
kte  of  Wight;  to  the  Slat  day  of  March, 

To  defray  tbe  Eipenaea  of  the  Priaon  at 
Pentonville ;  to  the  9Ut  da;  of  March, 


To  defiay  tbe  Eipenaea  of  the  General 
Priaon  at  Perth ;  to  tbe  3lBt  day  of 
March,  1849 

To  defray  Law  Bipenaei  in  Scotland:  to  I 
theSIltdayoFMarch,  1849  -   ~     -    I 

To  defiay  the  Expente  of  Criminal  Proae-  | 
culinns  and  other  Lan  Charges  in  Ire-  I 
land :  to  the  3Ut  day  of  March,  1840     .    ' 

Towards  defraying  the  Expepat  of  (he  Me-    . 
tropolitan  Police  of  Dublin ;  to  the  Slat 
darof  Marcb,  1849       .... 

To  defray  Law  Chargea,  and  the  Salaries, 
Allowances,  and  Incidental  Eipenaea  in 
the  Olfice  of  the  Solicitor  for  tbe  AChira 
of  Her  Majeatyl  Treaaurr;  to  Ihe  Slat 
day  of  March,  1849       .... 


17,a04  0  0 

4^834  0  0 

8,707  0  0 

63,475  0  0 

71,091  0  0 

S6,XI0  0  0 


/     a:    (f. 
387  le    0 


16,000    0    0 


15,000    0    0 
37,868  IX  II 

5,648    0    or-— 
60ffl2  17    0 

^033    7    8 

32,500    0    0 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


SERVICES— contanied. 


To  defray  the  Salsriei  and  Expeoies  of  tbe 
CommiMionen  of  tbe  liuolrenl  Dcbton' 
Court;  to  the  31st  daj  of  Much,  1849  . 

To  defnj,  in  the  f  eer  Iw8,  certain  Charges 
fonnerl;  paid  out  of  the  Couotf  RaMs, 

Towardi  defrajiog  the  Eipenie  of  main- 
tuoinK  tbe  Convict  Dep6t  of  Dublin,  and 
the  Conitabulor?  Btmcka  in  tbe  Phoinix 
Park ;  to  the  3lM  day  of  March,  1849    . 

To  defray  the  Expense  of  confinii^  and 
maintainin^c  Criminal  Lunatic*  in  tbe 
BuildinKa  attached  to  Bethlem  Uoapilat ; 
to  the  31i(  day  of  March,  1649       . 

To  pay  the  Salaries  and  Eipenws  of  tbe 
Inipectora  of  Prisons,  of  the  Prison  Board 
in  Scotland,  and  of  the  Inspectors  of 
Lunatic  Aaylunu  in  Iretandi  to  the  31st 
day  of  March,  1849       .... 

To  defray  the  Expenses  of  the  Convict 
EstablishTnent  at  Honie,  at  Bermuda,  and 
at  Gibraltar;  to  the  Sin  day  of  March, 
1849 

To  defray  the  Expense  of  Convicts  in  New 
South  Wales  and  Van  Diemen's  Land ;  to 
the  81st  day  of  March,  1849  . 

To  defiay  fiinher  Expense*  that  ifill  proba- 
bly be  iiKuned  for  tbe  muntenaoce  of 
Convicti  in  Ireland;  to  the  SlM  day  of 
Match,  1849 


To  enable  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland 
to  issue  Money  for  tbe  advancement  of 
Education  in  Ireland;  to  the  31>t  day  of 
March,  1849 

To  defray  the  Expense  of  the  School  of 
Design,  and  for  Aid  to  Protincial  Schools ; 
to  the  9Ist  ixy  of  March,  1849 

Towards  defJayinE  the  Expense  of  tbe 
Royal  Dublin  Society;  to  the  31st  day 
of  March,  1849 

To  defray  (he  Expenses  of  the  Geological 
Surrey  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  tbe 
Museum  of  Practical  Oeoli^ln  London, 
and  the  Museum  of  Irish  Industry  in 
Dublin;  totheSlstdayof  March,  1849. 

To  defray  the  Cbaiges  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum, for  the  year  ending  on  the  25tb  of 
day  of  March,  1849      .        .         .         . 

For  Puhlic  Education  in  Great  Britain,  in 
in  tbe  year  1848  .        .        .      \        . 

To  defray  tbe  Charge  of  the  Salaries 
and  Allowanoes  to  certain  ProfeMon  in 


10,630    0    0 
348,000    0    0 


151/»0    0    0 
217,000    0    0 


130,000  0  0 
10,000  0  0 
6,000    0    0 


48,445    0    0 
125,000    0    0 


4,700    0    0 
40/)00    0    0 


1%000    0    0 
15,000    0    0 


55,000  0  0 
4,250  0  0 
4,500    0    0 

10,798  0  0 
36,333  IB    0 

..Ciooglc 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848. 


SERVlCES-omMwttf. 

y^^^^^ 

^JU" 

tbe   Uotreniliei  of  Oiibrd  ud   Cun- 

£       : 

J. 

£       «. 

4. 

bridge;  lo  IheSlM  dtjof  March,IB4g  . 

To  delTBTllw  EipeoKt  of  tbe  Univenii*  of 

London ;  lo  the  3Itf  dav  of  Hu«b,  1840 

%0K    0 

0 

2.008    0 

0 

4,178    0 

0 

em  fi 

4 

To  UT,  to  Ihe  Slit  d>v  of  March.  ISW, 

of  the  Crown  ....... 

7,480    0 

0 

2.S06  16 

8 

Toirardi   defnvmg   Ihe    EKpenn  of  Dm 
Rojal  Iriih  Acilmy;  to  tCe  3lM  dtfoT 

March,  1840 

800    0 

0 

0 

Towvdi  ittnyiog  tbe  Eipenw  of  the  RonI 

of  Hirch.  1810 

BOO    0 

0 

800    0 

0 

Toward!  defnyioRlhe  BipenK  of  the  Bel- 

davofMuiifa.  1849      .... 

To  defnv  the  Expente  of  New  BuildiDOi 

ud  Fittjnn  at  lU  Briliih  MuMUmj  to 

8,449   0 

0 

2^66  IS 

4 

liie  aiM  da;  of  March,  1840 

43,oas  0 

0 

aaooo  0 

0 

To  eMble  the  Tnuleei  of  the  Britiib  Mu- 

teum  to  defray  Bipnuei  incurred  in  pro- 

theHfu^unT 

e.7«    0 

0 

8,768    0 

0 

To  defrij.  in  Ihe  year  1848.  the  Eipenaai 
of  the  National  Daller; 

1,500    0 

0 

To  defrtv  the  EtpenM  of  Magnetic  Obwi^ 

Tatoriu  al  Taroalo,  SL  Helena,  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope  and  Van  Diemen'i  Und  i 

ing  DO  under  the  direction  of  the  Astro- 

nomer BotJ,  and  other  Sdentiflc  Work. 
and  PublfcaUon.;    to  the  81*  day  of 

March,  1849 

5,267    0 

0 

%1A3  13 

3 

Towardi  decaying,  in  the  year  1848-9,  tbe 

erected  in  TrafslRar-squaie  to  the  Ma. 

moiy  nf  Lord  Nelwn    .... 

3,000    0 

0 

2,000    0 

0 

CUsi  5— Colonial  and  CohsulaSl 

Sestiubp. 

To  defray  the  Charge  of  the  Conulat  E.. 

March,  1840        .        .        .         .         . 

128.100    0 

0 

fi6/»0    0 

O 

M»esty'*  Miaaioni  Abroad  i  to  the  31(t 

day  of  March,  1840      .... 
To  defray  the  Charne  of  tbe  Ciril  Eilab. 

20,000    0 

0 

12,500    0 

0 

liahment  of  the  Bahama  Ucndi;  la  tbe 

aiit  day  of  March,  1840                 .        . 

8,410    0 

0 

600    0 

0 

To  defi-ay  the  Chaqr  of  'be  Ci*il  Eatab- 

lidtinant  of  the  Bmnudae;  lo  the  31«t 

day  of  March.  1849      .... 
To  defray  the  Charge  of  the  CMI  Ealab- 

4.049    0 

0 

iiihment  of  Prince  Edward's  Island ;  to 

Ihe  8Iit  day  of  March,  1849  . 

%070    0 

0 

800    0 

0 

PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


SEBVlCES-fiMffaiwA 


AerOnBlaiL 


To  deft*T  dM  Chum  of  Ibe  EMablbhmeM 
of  Sable  Ldiod,  for  tlie  Relief  of  Ship- 
wtecUd  Penooii  t«  the  31rt  diy  of 
Hucb,  1U9 

To  debaj  the  Chuge  of  Ibe  Ciiit  BMOit- 
lufament  on  tbe  Wettern  Cout  of  Africa ; 
to  aaSlttdtyot  Much,  18*9       . 

To  deftaj  the  Cb«|e  of  tfa«  Civil  Etab- 
liihment  of  St.  fWena:  lo  tbe  3lrt  daj 
ofHwch,  1S49 

To  defnj  the  Charge  of  tbe  SetHeoMiit  of 
Western  AuHnlia;  to  tbe  3lA  daj  of 
March,  1849 

To  defia;  the  Charge  of  tbe  SetUemeot  of 
Port  S*mgUm;  lo  tbe  9I4  dar  of 
Mwcb,  1849 

To  defray  tbe  Charge  of  tbe  CivU  BtUib 
liihmenl  of  tbe  Falkland  Iilanda;  to  ^ 
3|»f4»7  rf  March,  18t9 

To  defmt  the  Cbarge  of  tbe  Colon;  <)f 
New  2eaUnd;  to  the  3it  dav  of  March. 
1849 

To  defra;  the  Charge  of  tbe  Oovenw 
ntent  of  Labuan;  to  the  Slit  da*  of 
March,  1849 

To  delnv  ^  Cham  id  the  CiiU  Etfab- 
Inhmeot  of  Helig^md;  to  the  Slit  da* 
of  March,  1849 

To  deJraj  the  Chaige  of  tbe  Salariet  of  tbe 
Oorenion,  Lieulenaiit-OoTcnion,  and 
otben  in  tbe  West  India  Coloniet;  lo 
the  Sltt  d»7  of  Much,  1849  . 

To  deftay  the  EipenM  of  tbe  EcdeaiaMical 
EHiHuhiitent  of  the  Briiith  North  Aov- 
riean  Coloniet )  to  the  SlMda;  of  March, 
1849     ......        . 

To  defray  the  Charge  of  the  Indian  Depart- 
ment in  Canada)  to  tbe  3Irt  dav  ttf 
March,  IB49 

To  <Mnv  tbe  Charm  of  tbe  Coloqial  Land 
and  Bmigialiaa  Board,  and  other  Ex> 
pemei  coonected  iritb  Emigration ;  to 
the  3ltt  day  of  March,  1849 

To  defray  Ibe  Charge  of  the  Sdaries,  Al- 
lowaocea,  and  Ontiiweoci**  of  ibe  Sti- 
pendiary Juitices  in  tbe  WeM  India  Co. 
loaiea  and  the  Mauritiiu ;  to  the  Slit  day 
of  March.  1849 

To  defray  EipenaeiincuiTedfbrlbe  nippon 
of  Captured  N^ioea  and  Liberated  AfH- 
caa*,  and  other  Charge*  under  tbe  Acta 
toT  tbe  Abolition  of  the  Slave  Trade ;  lo 
tbeSlgtdayof  Mvch.  1B49 

Te  pay.  Is  the  31it  day  of  Morcb,  1849, 
the  Salariea  and  Contingent  Eipenae* 
of  tbe   Miied  ComroiMiona  eMabliihed 


£  I.  4. 

400  0  0 

18,680  0  0 

11,500  0  0 

7,fi88  0  0 

&7tU  0  0 

£,040  0  0 

90,000  0  0 

e;Slff  0  0 

i.oaa  0  0 

18JB8  0  0 

1I,5TS  0  0 

14,806  0  0 


b,GoogIc 


ANNUAL    REGISTEB,   1848. 


SER  VICE  S— coHltMrad: 


on  tb«  put  of  Her  MajeMj,  under  the 
Treatie*  witb  Foreign  Poiren,  for  lup- 
preWDg  die  Tnilic  in  Sbvea 
To  deln]i  Nic  Charge  of  the  Brilbh  Settle- 
ment at  Hong  Kong,  and  tbe  ConRilar 
Ettabluhment*  at  the  Five  Porta  open  to 
Britiah  Trwle  in  China ;  to  the  Sltt  daj 
or  March,  1849 


ClanS.- 


— SuPiaAHHUATIONS  AND 

Chabitieb. 

To  defiaj  the  Charge  of  Supeiaonuatlon 
Allowancet  and  Compeoaatioiu  to  Pei*ons 
(brmerl;  employed  in  the  Public  Service; 
to  the  3lM  day  of  March,  1849 

To  defnTthe  Eipenn  of  Non-conrorming, 
Seceding,  ud  Proteslaot  Diuentiog  Mi- 
ninen  in  Ireland;  to  tbe  31>t  day  of 
March.  1849 

Towardi  defraying  the  ExpCDM  of  the  Hoiue 
of  Indtutry,  Dublin)  to  tbe  81«  day  of 
March.  1B49 

To  cay.  to  the  SlK  day  of  March,  IS49. 
Cnajit^le  Allowancet  charged  on  (he 
Concnrdalum  Fund  in  Ireland,  and  other 
Allowtmces  and  Bountiea 

To  enahle  Her  Majei^  to  i^ranl  Relief,  to 
tbeSlatdayof  Man;h,  1B49,  toToulonen 
and  Conican  Emigranti,  St.  Domingo 
SuSerert,  American  Lojali)!*.  and  othen 
who  have  heretofore  receJTed  Allowance* 
from  Her  Majetty         .... 

To  defray  the  eipeaie  of  the  National  Vac- 
cine EitablUhment  i  fbrtbeyeu  1848  . 

Towards  ibe  lupport  of  the  Renige  for  tbe 
DeMitute;  in  the  year  1848 

For  pavment  of  Ihe  Subaiitence  of  the 
Poliin  [tefiigeei,  and  Allowancet  to  Dia- 
trened  Spaniard!;  to  the  Slit  day  of 
March,  1649 

To  pay,  to  the  3lH  day  of  March,  1849, 

u 'JaneouB    Allowance*  fbrmei' 

iditary    I 


Hotpital,    Dublin;    to   the   3lN   day  of 
March,  1849 

Towaidi  deftaving  tbe  Eipenie  of  the  i 
Female  Orphan  Houae,  Dublin  ;  to  the  I 
31at  day  of  March,  1849       .         -        - 

To  defray  Ibe  Eirenae  of  the  Wettmore- 
land  Lock  Hoapiial.  Dublin  ;  to  tbe  Slat 
dayof  March,  1849       .... 

Towardi  defraying  the  Bxpenae  of  tbe 
Lying-in  Hotpital,  Dublin  ;  to  the  31tt 
day  of  March,  1849       .         .  .    \ 


36,837    0    0 
14,975    0    0 


4,400  0  0 
2,000  0  0 
3,000    0    0 


6,669  0  0 

3,000  0  0 

1,000  0  0 

2,500  0  0 

1,000  0  0 


I7,a06    0    0 
11,2S6    0    0 


2,000    0     0 
3,000    0     0 


451  18  3 
MO  0  0 
1,296  17  10 
l/K»    0    0 

:,GoogIc 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


.cJ^g^t-L 

"?J1' 

Tomrd*  defnifing  the  Expenie  of  Doctor 

£         1. 

d. 

£ 

4. 

■d. 

Slerem'a  HospM,  Duhliii;  to  the  SUt 

di;  of  Mwch,  1849        .... 

I,«0    0 

0 

1,300 

0 

0 

Towardi   defraying   the    Expeiue  of  the 

House  of  Recovery  and  Fever  HoniitsI, 

Cork^treel.  Dublin;  to  the  Slat  dar  of 

Mwch.  1849 

3,800    U 

0 

1.725 

18 

10 

Tomnb  delhijii^  the    Expenie  of   the 

Ho^>it>l  for  iDcurebka.  Dublin ;  Co  the 

SlBtdi;  of  March,  1B49 

500    0 

0 

500 

0 

0 

CUm  7.— Special  and  TturoftARY 

OvEcrg. 

Towardi  defiravins  the  Expenie  of  Steam 

Red  Sea;  to  the  Slrtday  of  March,  1849 

30,000    0 

0 

25,000 

0 

0 

To  defray,  for  one  year,  the  Expenie  of  the 

Commiaaioa  fbr  djgeftiog  the  Criminal 

uw  .     .     r^  .     .     . 

8,400    0 

0 

10 

4 

9 

2,500    0 

0 

To  defray,  to  the  3]>t  day  of  March,  1849, 

one  Moiety  of  the  Cort  of  Certain  Woilu 

in  IrelaDd 

93,000    0 

0 

To  defray,  in  the  yeu  1B48-49,  the  Charge 
of  World   an<I  Repair*  to  the  Briti>h 

Ambaaudor'iHoiueatParu          .        . 

1.184    0 

0 

1,184 

0 

0 

Todelhiy,  in  thej'earl848  49,the  Chargo 
of  Works  and  Repainto  the  Brituh  Am- 

baandor^  Houu  at  Madrid    . 

3,000    0 

0 

3,000 

0 

0 

To  defray,  in  the  year  184S-49,  the  Ex. 

penie  of  MiUtiaaQd  Volunteer!  io  Canada 

10,000    0 

0 

To  defny,  in  the  year  1848,  the  Expenie  of 

To  defray  the  Exn-nie  of  MedaU  to  record 
the    Service,  of  the    Briliih   Army  and 

2,000    0 

0 

Navy  from  the  commencement  of  the 

War  179S.  do»n  Io  the  Peace  of  1814  . 

22,a00    0 

0 

10,000 

0 

0 

of  the   Koyal  Navy,  for  hu  lervice*  in 

veyance  of  the  Indian  Maiti  . 

l,fi0D    0 

0 

1,500 

0 

0 

12,000    0 
23,880,658  19 

± 

12,000 

0 

0 

7 

17,879,831 

5 

9 

bHi.  charged  on  the  Aid.  or   sJ^Ue. 

for  the  year  1848          .... 

17.946,500    0 
4ft8i»,I«  19 

0 
7 

ftao2,aoo 

0_ 

0_ 

0 

0 

;,  Google 


802       ANNUAL    REOISTEB,    1848. 


PAYMENTS  FOR  OTHER  SERVICES, 

NOT  BEING  PART  OP  THE  SUPPLIES  GKAJ4TED  FOft  TSU 
SERVICE  OP  THE  YEAR 


— 

PAID, 

H-^S^S^.. 

Eipeiun    of  the    Office   of   the 

dilioDil  Churches  per   Act  68 

Geo.  III.  c  46 

For   laleml  on   Eicbequer  BilU 
chirged  on  the  Aidi  or  SuppUet 

Amount  of  Sum  Tcted 

£      * 

8,000    0 
418.081  U 

d. 

0 

0 

£         >.     i. 
828^10    d    0 

421,081  I» 

0 

338,£tO     0    0 
^1,081    10    0 

748.59I   16    0 
4(]^S27J5S  Iff    7 

4U7«,7J0  U    7 

WAYS    AND    MEAN& 
FOR  ANSWBltniO  THE  POREOOINO  ^RTICB& 


Sum*  to  U  brongbl  from  the  Cod- 
wlUMd  FuD4p«r  ActlL  l^ct, 

c  4 

Ditto,  per  Act  11  «  12  VicL,  c.  S3 
IKtto,  per  Act  11  ft  IS  Vict ,  0.  liU 
Id  Aid  of  MoneT  Grants  per  Act 
11  fclSf^ct,  0.  iS5.     .    .    . 
Sorpluiof  Wa^iudMeua    .    . 

md^m^  per  Ad   11   Vkx., 

Tem  Gnoll,  ud  o^r  Sn 
DetfdenCT  of  W.j«  ud  N 

£      «    .JL 

aflocMioo  •  0 
vaoifM  e  0 

41,786  1»    a 

23i<8B458  ]»   7 
l?.M6JiO0    0   0 

Tvlcei  Bttl  TOlbd      . 

4W7S,I58  1«    7 
41,575,750  16    7 

3,591  16   0 

PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


IK'S 


I 
a.r  s 


li 


il 


II- 

Ifi 


.,  CioojHc 


304        ANNUAL    HEGISTEK,    1848. 

v.— PUBLIC 
Of  Gkeat  Bbitain  and  Irei:.ahi>,  and  the 


DEBT. 


— 

C.P,..^. 

C^TALS         1         CAPITALS 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Naw  SouLh  So  Annultit*     ditto. 
Boutta  S«a  AnniiKlH.  ]7«l     ditla. 
D>Mdu«taIhaBinkaf)      ., 
Bniilmd.    .    ■■^l     '""°' 

Htduccd  AuBultm  .    .    .     ditto. 

£         t    d. 

7M.W6    1    7 

£         ..    d.  1             £         *    d. 

■      II.OU.IM    0    0 

Ml    >    7     1            W,3t3  19   « 

B70.IM  II     «        371.313.317  14    M 

i,l».«MU   1       isi.e78.aid  II   < 

TouluapacoDt.    .    .    . 

i^aMt.m  i  »i  i     «.«u.«3ii   i      m7.3i3.om  lo  U 

■■••isffls'sl  -sii!  •"■ssr. 

ToUI.  Gnu  Biltiln  .    .    . 

7MMt.m  t  n  1    a.ua.7n  >  i    mjoMi*  »  " 

lfCbRSt«dAi>»I.W     dftu;   .' 

iMjw  le  9 
>.a90,7aB  t  B 

3,S7SII    » 

)«i,)9d  l«  « 

a.«73ii  * 

ToUI.lnbiid 

tl.4W.»S    8    3 

41.«»J9B  <  » 

Tool.  Unltad  Kingdom     . 

77a.*M.*3«l*   01 

».««.7»J    1   a 

774.aB,<t3a  M  <it 

Tb*  A«  10  Oro,  t.  c  97.  which  mna  Into  opcnOon  nt  lh>  Mb  Julf .  IN9.  nuetd,  •■  Tbil  Ihi 
Sum  thnwlbnh  uiniullV  ippliablc  u  the  Riduahin  of  ths  Nuloul  Debt  of  ibi  buiud  Klnr 

Ktmyit,  beyond  (he  Kipendlturc  ofille  utd  Vnlied  KlnHom  i  uid  the  ftdlowlDg  hidii  fii" 
bernuoirdlniily  ncdTcd  tj'IhiiCDiiinil.iaHim.tabeippUnlto  the  RedDcClaa  of  the  mM  DeM, 
iDcludinf  Sunu  on  iBnnuil  of  Dooetioiu  ud  Bequetti,  tU.  :— 


ON  ACCOUNT  OP 


— 

Smktag^PUDd. 

"^isr" 

AppUMbli  becween 

SfJ?S',S'<S,iir,«  :::::: 

lOtbOoobcMSW,  >ndHhJuiiur<r,  laa     .... 
KbJinuMiTiodfitbApril.lStS 

ill 

10.V7  11  ID 

PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS. 
FUNDED  DEBT 
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-      PUBLIC     DOCUMENTS. 


A  TABLE   OF   ALL   THE   STATUTES 

Patud  in  the   Fibst  Semon  of  the   Fifteenth   Parliament  of  the 
United  Kingdom  of  Oreat  Britain  and  Ireland. 

11*  a  12°  VICT. 

FDBLIO  QENBEAL  ACTS.  ZI.  An  Art  li>r  puDiihiDg  Uatiaj  and 
DewTtioii,  uid  for  the  bctta  Fajment 

I.    1  N  Act  to  &cilitet«  tin  Completimi,  of  the  Anoj  tnd  theit  QuaRera. 

A    in  oerluD  Gum,  of  Fablic  WoAi  XII.  An  Act  forthe  betletSecini^af  tba 

in  Inland.  Crown  ud  QoTcrnment  of  the  Unitsd 

11  An  Act  for  the  betlat  PmeutJon  of  Kingdem. 

Crime  and  Ontrue  in  certain  Part*  of  SlII.  An  Act  {ot  amending  the  [«it  for 

Inland  milil  the  Fint  I^j  ol  Dtember  the  leaaing  of  Hinei  in  Irttand. 

One  thoDiaad  eight  hundred  and  fonj-  ZIT.  An  Act  Ibr  anthoruung  a  Borough 

nine,  and  to  the  End  of  the  than  next  Folia  SoperannnaUon  Fund. 

Seuion  of  FarlianienL  XT.  An  Act  for  the  B^titation  of  Her 

III.  An  Act  to  gire  further  timolbi  making  Majeity'i  Bojral  Marine  Forcoi  while  on 

certain  Bailwaj*.  ihore. 

IT.  An  Am  W  appl;  the  Sam  of  Bight  ZTI.  An  Act   for  nOiing   the  Sum  of 

HiUioDi  ont  of  the  Conwlidaled  Fund  to  Berenteen  milliona  nine  hnndred  and 

the  Beryics  of  the  Tear  One  thouHnd  forty-iii  thouaand  five  hnndrad  Fonnda 

eight  hnndred  and  fortj-eight.  b;  Bichtqner  Billi,  ftr  the  Serrice  of 

v.  An  Act  to  raipend  for  Pits  Yearg  the  the  Tear  One  thonand  eight  hondred 

Opera^on  of  certain  Part*  of  an  Act  of  and  forty-eight 

the  Tenth  Yev  of  Her  prcKat  Uajnlj,  XTII.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Act  of  the 

for    malting  further   Frotiiion    for   the  pment  Seuion  to  bcilitate  the  Comple- 

OoTemiDCUt  of  the   Iftit  Zmiaud  It-  lion  of  Public  Worlu  in  Inland. 

landi;  and  to  make  otho  FroriiioD  in  XT  III.  Ad  Act  to  ranore  certain  Doubt* 

lieu  thereat  a*  to  the  Law  for  the  Trial  of  eontio- 

TI.  An  Act  to  make  farther  Froviuon  for  lerted  Blectign*. 

One  Twr,  and  to  the  Bnd  of  the  then  XIX.  An  Act  to  indemnify  loch  PerMm* 

neit  8a**ion  of  Pariiament,  for  the  Car-  in  the  United  Kingdom  a*  hare  omitted 

riage  of  Fa«*engen  b/  Bea  to  ^orfA  to  quaJiEy  thenuelrea  f>r  Office*  and 

Amtrita.  Bmploymenta,  and  to  extend  the  Time 

TIL  An  Act  to  amend  an  Act  for  conioU-  limited  for  thoie  FnrpMe*  reipectiTel; 

datbg  the  Qnaen'*  Bench,  Fleet,  and  imlil  the  Twenty-fifth  Daj  of  Mardt 

HaiBhalies  Priion,  and  Air  Kgnlating  One  tbnuand  eight  hundred  and  Ibrt;- 

the  Queen'*  Priaon.  nine. 

Till.  An  Act  to  continue  for  Three  Tear*  XX.  An  Act  to  aothonn  for  One  Tear, 

the  Dutie*  on  Profit*  ari*iiig  fnna  Fro-  and  to  the  End  of  the  then  next  Be**ion 

pertj,  Ptofeiuoni,  Tndn,  and  Office).  of  Fsriiamrnt,  the  Bsmora]   of  Alien* 

IX.  An  Act  10  continue  for  Three  Year*  from  the  Bealm. 

the  Stamp   Dntie*  granted  by  an   Act  XXI.  An  Act  to  cON*olidata  and  amend 

of  the  FUth  and  Sixth   Yean  of  Her  the  Law*  reUtiiw  to  IneolTCnt  Debtor* 

present  Hajoty,  to  aaaimilale  tiie  Stamp  in  India. 

Dutie*  in  Qrtat  Britam  and  Inland,  XXII.  An  Act  fer  granting  Belief  to  the 

and  lo  make  Kegvlationi  ibr  collecting  liland  of  Tobajfo,  and  for  aiding  the 

and  managing  tbe  ume.  Colonic*  of  A-ituAOaiaaa  and  Trinidad 

X.  An  Act  Ibr  empowering  certain  Officer*  in  railing  Money  ibr  the  Fromotion  of 
of  the  Huh  Court  of  Channrr  to  ad-  Immigration  of  free  Labosier*. 
inini*t«r  Oath*  and   take   Declaration*  XXIII.  An  Act  lo  alter  and  amotd  an 
and  Affinnationi.  Act  [■**ed  in  the  Third  Year  of  the 


310        ANNUAL    REGIST  EI«,  1848. 


BeigD  of  His  Hajcit;  King  Oiorgt  the 
Fourth.  intitnJed  ^h  Act  to  it\coTp<iraU 
tiu  CojUtQuUoti  for  Ou  Ertciien  <ff  a 
Natvntid  JUbnmnil  in  Scatlaad  (o 
eom-vitmorate  (A<  Naval  and  MUiiary 
YiclarUt  obtaimd  during  lie  late  War. 

XXIT.  An  Act  for  dlrfnmchiiing  Ibo 
FrMroen  o(  the  Borough  of  Onat  Tar- 
mMA. 

ZXV.  An  Act  to  extend  the  PowmgiTen 
b;  fonnet  Acti  for  pnrehiuiiig  or  hiring 
Luid  in  connoxion  with  or  for  the  Dm 
of  Warkhaniei  in  Inland  ;  and  for  pro- 
Tiding  fot  the  Burial  of  the  Poor. 

XXVI.  An  Act  to  remore  DiSicnltiei  in 
the  AppainmcDt  of  CoUeeWiB  of  Qnnd 
Smj  Ceu  ia  Inland  in  certain  cam, 
■ud  to  remoTe  Doubtt  ai  to  the  Juriidie- 
tjon  of  the  Diriiional  Jiuticei  of  the 
Fotice  Dittrict  of  DtMin  Uelropolie 
rebtina  to  tho  Becoiery  of  Poor  Batea, 
■nd  other  Catei. 

XXVII.  AnAclUautboiuethelndorare 
of  certain  Landi,  in  punoance  of  the 
Third  and  alu  of  ■  Speciil  Keport  of  the 
Indonce  Conuniuionen  for  England 
and  W<da. 

XXVIII.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Law  of 
Imprinnnient  for  Debt  in  Irdand,  and 
to  improTe  the  Bemadie*  lor  the  Be- 
Boier;  af  Debt*  and  of  the  PoBewon 
of  Tenementt  litiute  inOilieiand  Towm, 


i(  haTioff 
land  and 


a  Bight  to  kill  Hatei  in  Englar 
HWiH  to  do  M,  \>j  th«iiKlTea  or  Fenoni 
anthoriied  hy  them,  withont  being  re- 

2 aired  to  take  ont  a  Qame  Certlficste. 
X.  An  Act  to  enable  all  Penoni  baring 
at  preientaBighttokillHaniin&at-' 
land  to  do  u  themMWei,  or  bj  Perwma 
anthoriied  by  them,  withont  being  re- 
quired to  take  ddI  a  Oame  Certificate. 

XXXI.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Procedure 
in  reipcci  of  Order*  for  the  Bemoral  of 
the  PoQF  in  England  and  WaUt,  and 
Appeal!  Ihereriom. 

XXXII.  AnAclto&cilitatetheColIacUon 
of  Count;  Cch  in  Irdand. 

XXXni.  An  Act  to  apply  the  Sum  of 
Three  HilHoni  out  of  the  Coniolidaled 
Fund  to  the  Service  of  the  Tear  One 
thouaud  eight  hundred  ai>d  forty-eight. 

XXZtT.  An  Act  to  amend  certain  Act* 
in  force  in  Inland  in  relation  to  Appeals 
from  Decree*  and  Dt*mi**e(  on  Civil  Bill* 
in  the  County  of  D^lin  and  County  of 
the  City  of  Ifutlin. 

XXXV.  An  Act  to  empower  the  Lord 
Ueateitant  or  other  Chief  OoTemor  or 
Govonon  of  Inland  to  apprehend,  and 


detain  mtil  the  Fint  Onj  of  JVarci  Oae 
thouuiod  eight  hundred  and  foc^-nioe, 
nich  Penan*  *i  he  or  they  ahall  loipect 
of  cant[Hring  again*t  Hcc  KajeMy'a 
Penon  and  Qorenmumt. 

XXXVI.  An  Art  for  tl 
the  Uv  of  Bntail  in 

XXXVIL  An  Art  to  amend  the  Law  re- 
lative to  the  AaMgoDHmt  of  Boclwiaiticil 
DiitrictL 

XXXVIII.  An  Act  to  anthorite  the  Wal 
India  Belief  Commiaiionen  to  grant 
further  time  for  the  Bepaymeil  of  Honie* 
adtasced  hy  them  in  certain  Caeea. 

ZXXIX.  An  Act  to  fadliUt*  the  rainng 
DfUaneyby  Cotponte  Bodiea  for  building 
or  repairing  Pri*onL 

XL.  An  Act  to  alter  the  Mode  of  B**e**ing 
the  Fund*  leviable  in  tbe  County  of  In- 
•temtu,  for  making  and  maintainiM  cer- 
tain Boadi  and  findgee  and  other  Workj 
in  the  Highland*  of  Scadand. 

XLL  An  Act  to  amend  the  Law*  relating 
to  the  Bceleiiaitical  Unioni  and  Dirinoo* 
of  Pariehe*  in  Irdand. 

XLII.  AnActtobdlitatelhePeribniaiica 
of  the  Dntie*  of  Jn*tiGea  of  the  Peace  >at 
of  Seuion*  within  Bn^oitd  and  Wtin 
with  leapeet  to  Perton*  chafed  with  in- 
dictable OReDce*. 

XLIII.  An  Art  to  bdUtato  the  Perfbnt- 
anoe  of  the  Dutiei  of  Joatieea  of  tbe 
Peace  out  of  Seetioni,  within  Sngl»»d 
and  Wala,  with  leepect  to  inmnaij  Cen- 
viction*  and  Ordeti. 

XLIV.  An  Act  to  protect  Jn*tioB*  of  the 
Peace  from  vexstiou*  Action*  for  Art* 
dona  hy  them  in  execution  of  their 
Office. 

XLV.  An  Act  to  amend  the  AcU  liir 
bdlitating  the  winding  up  the  A&in 
of  Joint  Stock  Companiei  unable  to  meet 
thac  pecuniary  Engagemeuti ;  and  alio 
to  beilitata  the  diiKilntion  and  winding 
op  of  Joint  Stock  Companie*  and  other 
Partnerthip*. 

XLVI.  An  ActCortheBemoTilofDefecU 
in  theAdminiatratiini  of  Criminal  Jnitica. 

XLTII.  An  Act  for  the  Protection  and 
Belief  of  the  de*tiluto  Poor  evicted  bom 
their  Dwelling*  in  Irtland. 

XLVIII.  An  Art  to  &cilitata  the  Sale  of 
Incumbeiad  Kitatei  in  Irdand. 

XLIX.  An  Act  (or  regolsting  the  Sale  of 
BeeraadotherLiqnoraontheLord'iDay. 

L.  An  Act  to  empower  tho  Camniinonei* 
I  Wood*  to  remove  the 
Regent!  Qnadnmt. 

U.  An  Act  to  provide  additional  Pond* 
for  Loan*  for  Drainage  and  other  Work* 
of  public  Utility  in  Ir^nd. 


PUBLIC     DOCUMENTS. 


311 


LII.  An  Act  to  eipkin  the  Acta  ii>T  pn- 
Tcnting  th«  Deatmction  of  the  Br««i  of 
Salmon  and  Piih  of  the  Salmoa  Kind. 

LI  II.  Ad  Act  to  onpoirer  lb«  Cimimii- 
■lonen  of  Her  Uajutj'i  Woodi  to  make 
ceniin  Alteration!  and  Improvemenu  in 
the  Approachei  lo  tfae  Cutis  and  Town 
of  Windior. 

LIV.  An  Act  rot  ineoiporating  the  Com- 
miuionera  of  ihs  Caltdmiait  Canal,  and 
fb[  Tetdng  the  Cn'un  Canal  in  the  uid 
Comnuunnen. 

LV.  An  Act  for  conwUdaling  the  Oflicei 
of  Paymaiten  of  Bicheqact  Billi  and 
Pa7nia«ter  of  Ciiil  S«rvic»  with  tfae 
(Mee  of  Pajmaiter  Oeneml,  and  for 
making  other  FroTiiioni  in  regard  to  the 
eontolUated  Office*. 

LTI.  An  Act  to  npeal  lo  niMfa  of  an  Act 
of  tba  Third  and  Fourth  Year*  of  Her 
present  UKJeetj,  to  rtsoite  the  Frorincei 
of  Upper  and  Lotctr  Canada,  and  (or 
the  Qomnment  of  Canada,  ai  relalei 
to  the  Dee  of  the  Engtitk  Langnage 
InitmnieDtt  relating  ~  '  '  '  '  ' 
Council  and  Legiela^ 
Proiince  of  Canada, 

LTII.  Ad  Act  to  enable  Her  HojeM;  lo 
excbaoge  the  Advowion  of  the  Vicaiage 
of  StontUigk  in  the  Ceuntj  of  Warmici 
for  the  Adnvioni  of  the  Rectory  of 
Vaxall  in  the  Connty  of  Stafford  and 
the  Perpetual  Cniacy  of  Jfunniii^^n  in 
the  Gaunt;  of  Warvick. 

LVIII.  AnAcltoaathoriieforTenYoira, 
and  to  the  end  of  the  then  next  Seuion 
of  Parliament,  the  Rrgulalion  of  the  Ao- 
nuitin  and  Piemiumii  of  the  Naval 
Medical  Buppinnental  Pnnd  Bociet;. 

WL.  An  Act  for  the  mon  ipeed;  Trial 
and  Puniihmnit  of  JuTmile  Uficndert  in 

LZ.  An  Act  to  alter  the  Dntisa  payable 
upon  the  Importation  of  Spiiiti  or  Strong 
Wateta. 

LXl.  An  Act  to  eSect  an  Eicluuige  of 
Sccleeiaetical  FatroD^e  between  Her 
Hajettf  and  the  Barl  of  Lamttr,  and 
for  the  Severance  and  Connlidation  of 
certain  Bcnefioee  in  the  Dioeeee  of  Nor- 
tnci,  and  for  other  Bcdeeiastical  Par- 

LXlI.  An  Act  to  ippeint  additional  Com- 
miuianen  for  eiecating  the  Act*  for 
gnuting  a  Land  Tu  and  other  Bate) 
and  Taxei. 

LXIII.  An  Act  for  promoting  the  Public 
Hnlth. 

LXIV.  An  Act  to  continue  until  the  Firet 
Daj  of  Oetetvr  One  thouiand  eight  hun- 
dred and  for^-nine,  and  to  the  Sad  of 


the  then  next  Seuion  of  Parliament,  an 
Act  to  amend  the  Law*  relating  to  Loan 
Societici. 

LXV.  An  Act  lo  impend  until  the  Pint 
Da;  of  October  One  thonomd  eit^t  hnn- 
dred  and  forlj-nine  the  making  of  Liati 
and  the  Ballola  and  Enrolmenta  for  the 
Militia  of  the  Dniled  Kingdom. 

LXVI.  An  Act  to  continue  to  ^e  Tint 
Da;  of  OeiobfT  One  tiionaand  eight  hnn- 


Act  for 


uthoriz 


,  of  Pari 


until  tba  Pint  Da;  of  AvMtl  0ns 
Lhonsand  eight  hundred  and  forty-nine, 
ind  to  the  Und  of  tbs  then  next  Seeuon 


tion  in  Bnglaad. 

LXVIIL  An  Act  (or  cj 
an  Act  pBHCd  ia  the  laat  Scieisn  of 
Pariiament.  intituled  An  Ad  for  beOtr 
ircuring  Tnul  Fundi,  and/or  lie  Jttliff 
of  Tnuiut. 

LXIX.  An  Act  to  repeal  lo  much  of  a» 
Act  of  ifas  Parliamsnt  of  Ireland  of  the 
Twenty-third  and  Twenly-fonrth  Yeara 
of  King  Genr^  the  Third,  "  for  the  more 
"  eSsctually  pnniahing  sucb  Penoni  aa 
"  thall  by  Violence  obitnict  the  Freedom 
"  of  Cora  MarkeU  and  the  Com  Trade, 
"  and  who  thall  bs  gnilt;  of  olliitr  Offeoeei 
"  therein  mentioned,  and  for  making  Sa- 
"  tiihction  to  the  Fartiei  injured,"  aa  re- 
latea  to  the  making  of  Satiifaction  to  the 
Fartiei  injured  ;  and  to  eubitilitte  other 
Proiiiioni  in  lieu  tberBof ;  and  to  repeal 
the  Proriaioni  of  the  AcU  which  giro 
Bemediei  ogainet  an;  Hundred*  or 
Baroniei  in  Irtland  in  reepect  of  Rob- 
ber;. 

LXX.  An  Act  for  dupennng  with  the 
Eridence  of  the  Prodamalion*  on  Fine* 
levied  in  the  Court  of  Common  Pleai  at 
WatmiaiteT, 

LXXI.  Ad  Ad  to  continoe  to  the  Twen- 
tieth Da;  of  JiUy  One  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  lift;-three,  and  to  the  End 
of  the  then  next  Beauon  of  Farbamen^ 
Her  Hajeity'*  Commituon  (or  building 
new  Churches. 

LXXII.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Acta  te- 
the  Conitahulaiy  Force  in  Irt- 


land, and  lo  amend  the  Frol 
the  Payment  of  Special  Conjtablei. 

LXXIIL  An  Act  to  continue  until  the 
Thirty-fint  Da;  of  July  One  thooaand 
eight  hnndlad  and  forty-nine,  and  to  the 

,  Bnd  of  the  then  SeMwn  of  Paditneat, 


812        ANNUAL    REGIST  E  R,  1848. 


MTIuii  Aet*  fi>r  Hfutating  Tusiuka 
B«adi  in /fvbxl. 
LXXIV.  An  Acl  U  anthoriu  th*  Lordi 
of  CoomKI  and  Saaioa  to  ngolate  tfaa 
BatM  ar  Dom  of  B^tMlon  to  ba 
ihned  bj  tke  EM^an  of  tfa«  K^iila* 
of  &Mii«i,   KoTormiu,  Aa.,  fn  jbD(> 

LZZV.  An  Act  to  iefotj  nnti)  tho  Pint 
D^  of  AHfuil  On*  tbounnd  Mght  han- 
drail >■>'  urtj-nina  the  Ohufa  of  the 
Faj,  Olothing,  mi  cralinniil  and  other 
EzpanMi  of  tb*  DiMrabodicd  Uilitia  in 
Otiat  Britain  and  Irilaiulj  to  gnnt 
AlIowuKM  in  cartain  Oaaai  lo  Bubaiteni 
Ofioan,  Adjotuitt,  PaTmaiten,  (Jaaner- 
naitan,  SvTgaon*,  AiaHant  8arpios>, 
Sofgeou'  IfUaa,  and  Baiieut  Hajora  of 


and  for  othat  Pnipoaa  nlaling  lo  the 
Dnchiea  of  Oonmalt  and  iMnetttrr. 

LZXXIV.  An  Act  to  aoend  the  Acti  br 
randcring  affKtira  (ha  Berrica  of  Iha 
CMma  tad  Onmmtlt  Ovt-PmBinMn, 
and  to  axtoid  tbta  to  tho  Ponaianwi  J 
th«  Aut  India  Conipan)'. 

LXXXT.  An  Act  lo  cmtinita  to  the  Fint 
Dav  of  Oelabtr  Oaa  thyaaaiid  eight  hun- 
dred aad  farty-nina,  and  to  tha  Bud  al 


the  I 


the  a 

plofnent 

Officcn. 

LXXTI.  An  Act  tt  enaUe  Arehbiahopa 
and  Biihopi  and  othai  Peraoni  in  Inlaid 
to  eonpnunita  Soita  tonching  thmr  Highta 
of  Patruiage  a*  to  Boelniaftica]  Bane- 
Bcea,  in  cartun  Catai. 

IiZXVII.  An  Act  to  anthariie  the  Appli- 
eation  of  Part  of  tb*  nnclainiad  Money 
in  the  Conn  for  the  Kaliaf  of  InaolTant 
Oebton  in  anlaiging  the  Court  HonM  of 
the  aid  Oonrt. 

LXXVIII.  An  Act  lot  thefiirthar  Amend- 
ment of  the  AdminiMnition  of  tb*  Ciimi- 
nalLair. 

LXXIX.  An  Act  to  CacilitM*  and  unpUfj 
Pneadon  in  the  Oonrt  of  Jiutidaij  in 
SeetUmd. 

LXXX.  An  Act  to  empower  La«eea  of 
Tithe  Bent-charge  in  Irdund  to  dednct 
a  Pimortian  of  Foot  Bala  PonndiAe 
bum  Bent ;  and  alao  to  empovar  the 
Bccleaiaiticai  Comniationei*  hi  IrtUHid 
lo  allow  Snmi  paid  for  Poor  Bate  or 
Count;  Ccu,  oi  Poandage  dadocted  from 
Suclatiaatia^  Peraoni  on  acoonnt  of  I'oor 
Bala,  among  tha  Dadoctinii  Innn  the 
Talnation  of  Kccledankal  Pnpert;  di- 
rected to  be  made  andar  an  Act  of  the 
Third  and  Poorth  Tean  nf  Hia  late 
Hajeaty,  for  the  Pb^ok  of  a  certain 
Tax  tharabj  impoaad  upon  ptqh  Proparlj 
ialrtlamd. 

IZXXI.  AnActforthefuitbaBegaUtiDn 
'  ation,  and  for  limiting  in 
n  Nimber  of  FaMengen 


tion  of  Infiuit  Poor. 
LZXXIII.  An  Actio oonfirm the  Award! 
of  Aaaanlonabla  Hanora  CoaupiHioDera, 


Exemption  of  InbatNCanta  from  Liability 
to  be  rated  ai  inch  in  reipeet  of  Stock  in 
Trade  or  other  Property  lo  the  Bdief  of 
thePo<ff. 

LZXXVl.  An  Act  to  empower  Coamia- 
aionen  of  the  Coort  of  Banfcmpl^  to 
order  the  Beleaae  of  Banknipta  fiam 
Pii*an  in  certain  Oaaea. 

LXXXVIl.  An  Act  to  eitand  the  Pro- 
Tiaiimt  of  an  Act  paned  in  the  Ait 
Year  of  Hia  ble  Hajatty  Ki^  IFOttwa 
the  Ftarth,  inlitaled  A%  Ad  for  «ea- 
tMdatimg  and  amtnding  tic  £>•■  fi>r 
faalilaliiif  Alt  Paym4nt  <if  Dtbf  out  tf 
StatXlate. 

LXXXTIII.  An  Act  for  farther  regnlatii« 
the  HoDCT  Order  Departmcot  of  tha  Pott 
Office. 

LXXXIX.  An  Ad  to  continu*  Ut  Two 
Tean,  and  to  the  Bnd  of  the  then  nan 
Seaaion  of  Parliament,  and  lo  amend  an 
Act  of  the  Second  and  Thiid  Teara  of 
Her  pieaent  Hajeaty,  indtnled  -Am  Aa 
to  crlisil  a»d  Tttidtr  -mm*  ^eiiuai  /or 
Fit  Tun  (M  Aci  paifi  »  At  FomHk 
Ytar  qf  Hit  laf  Majatf  Oeolge  At 
FmrtA,  to  avutui  a»  Act  pamd  w  U« 
^V^  jr«ar  <iflJi,  Maj-tf  Qcoige  lit 
Tkird,  /oT  ^mntiaji  lAe  admnHMUrii^ 
and  laH»g  n,ntm,iqfid  Oalit  »  Ireland. 

XC.  An  Act  to  regulate  the  Tintea  of  hy- 
ment  of  Bate*  and  Taie*  by  PaiUt- 
mentary  Blecton. 

XCI,  An  Acl  to  make  ProTiuon  fiir  the 
Payment  of  Pariih  Debti,  the  Audit  of 
Farochiai  and  Union  Account!,  and  the 
Allowance  of  certain  Charge*  therein. 

XCII.  An  Act  for  the  Protection  and  Im- 
proTament  of  the  Salowm,  TniM,  and 
other  Inland  Fiaheriea  rf  iTdmnd. 

XCIII.  An  Act  to  confirm  the  Incorpon- 
tion  of  certain  Borough). 

ZRIT.  An  Act  to  legokte  cenain  Ofkea 
in  the  Pflllj  B^  in  the  High  Court  of 
Chancery,  the  Pnctice  of  the  Comnon- 
law  Side  of  that  Coon,  and  the  Bqcol- 
msnt  Office  of  the  mid  Oooit. 

XGT.  An  Act  to  carry  into  affect  the 
Airangamenti  of  th*  BcclenMical  OiMi- 
miadonen  ibr  Maglaad  ha  makiif  belter 


PUBLIC    DOCUMEstg 


FroTuiDD  for  tlm  Cora  of  Bonli  in  tha 

Fuiih  of  Watverlianploa  in  the  Cooaly 

of  si^ord  uid  DioBBH  of  Licked. 
XCVI.  An  Act  (0  coDtinu«  certain  Turn- 
pike Ada  lor  limited  Periodt. 
XCril.  An  Act  to  npesl  tbe  Dnliei  of 

Oiulonu  opon  llie  Importation  of  Sogu, 

snd  to  impoie  new  Datiei  in  lien  tbereof. 
XGVIII.  Ad  AO  to  wnend  the  L**  ibr 

ihe  Ttikl  of  Electim  Petitions 
ZCIX.  An  Act  to  farther  extend  tlie  Fro- 

viuona  of  the  Act  ibr  the  Inclaeura  uid 

ImpnTement  of  Gommoni. 
C.  An  Act  to  pnmit  Ibe  DiitilUtion  of 

S[nriti  from  Sanr,  Molum,  ind  TrNKls 

in  the  Untied  Kingdom. 
CI.  An  Ad  to  pronde  for  the  Bipeiuu 

of   oracting    ud    in»int»ining    Lock-np 

Hooiei  on  the  Borden  of  Countira. 
CII.  As  Act  to  onlarge  the  Power*  of  nn 

Act  empowering  the  CommiMJCDsn  af 

Her  HftJMt;')  Woodi  to  form  ■  Bayal 

PnA  in  BaUertut  Fitldi;  to  faeilitite 

the  raimng  of  Moniei  nathoiiied  to  be 

niied   hy  the   Mid   Conuniiuanen  for 

Metropolitan  Improiamtnu ;  and  Co  re- 

gnlata  and  limplif;  the  Moda  of  keeping 

the  AcBonnti  of  the  Gomminionan  of 

Her  Hajeitf')  WoodL 
cm.  Ad  Act  taantfaoritetheApplicatioa 

of  a  Snm  of  Hooey  oat  of  the  forfeited 

and  unclaimed  Aimj  Prize  Pond  In  por- 

chning  the  nte  of  the  E07U  Military 

Aijlnm,  and  in  improring  nch  Aiytim. 
CIV.  An   Act  fbr  amending  the  Act  for      CXIX.  An 


ex.  AnAeltortta.,h,-_  * 

to  the  Charge.  fi»  tU^^J^  «i^ 

OXI.  An  Ad  to  amend  »»  ^  ^ 
Tenth  r™r  of  Her  preeeat  S^,;!  »*>« 
amending  the  Lswi  relating  ta  o^'  ^' 
moTal  afthe  Poor. 

CXII,  An  Act  tocDnioIidate.andcantinus 
in  force  for  Two  Ymn  and  to  the  End 
of  the  then  nail  Seuion  of  Parliament, 
the  Hetropolilan  Commiuioiu  of  Seven. 

CXIII.  An  ActEbrthefurtfaer  Amendment 
of  Ibe  Act!  relating  to  the  IhihlU  Police. 

CXIT.  AnAntopraTenfDiitriciAaditan 
from  taking  Pnweedingi  in  certain  Cuet. 

CXV.  An  Act  to  ratt  in  Qer  ICajeity  the 
Property  of  the  Iriik  Beprodnctive  Loan 
Pond  Inititation,  and  to  diwolre  tbe 
Mid  Inititntion. 

CXVI.  An  Act  for  carrying  into  ESeet  tbe 
Treaty  between  Har  Hajeit;  and  the 
Bepublic  of  the  Equator  Sot  the  Abolition 
of  the  Tiaffic  in  RlaTea, 

CXTIl.  An  Act  &ir  rendering  eerlun 
Newipapen  pnbliibad  in  Ihe  Chatuta 
IHaruU  and  tb*  /W«  4^  Mam.  liable  to 

CXVin/^An  Act  to  eipUin  and  amend 
the  Iaw  m  to  tbe  Lioanc*  required  for 
tbe  letting  of  PoM  Hotmi  to  Hire  in 
Irdvtd,  and  the  Iaw  mpecting  Pro- 
oeadingi  for  Datiea  and  Penaltiea  under 
the  Foit  Hot**,  Stage,  and  Hackney 
Carriage  AcU  in  ibe  Cnitad  Eingdon 


r^ulaling  the  Priwin  at  iiUUimii. 
CV.  An  Act  to  prohibit  the  Importatioi 

Sheep,  CMtte,  or  other  AninuUi.  for 

Pucpoee  of  pierenting  tha  Introdnci 

of  eoDlagiaue  or  infection*  Diurden. 
CVI.  An  Act  to  amend  an   Act  of 

Tenth  yMT  of  Her  preaent  Majeily,  for      CXXI.  An  Ai 

rendering  valid  certain  Proceeding*  for  Eegnlationi 

the   Belief  of   Diitrcu   in  Inland  by  ° 

Employment  of  tbe  Labouring  Poor,  and 

to  indemnity  thoaa  who  hate  acted  in 

■nch  PiDDeedingi. 
CVII,  Ad  Act  to  prerent,  nntil  the  Pint 

Day  of  SfpUmbtr  One  thonnnd  eight 

hundred  and  fifty,  and  to  tbe  End  of  the 

then  9euion  of  Parliament,  the  ipnading 

of contagiaiu  or  infecliaui  D  iaorden  among 

Sheep,  Cattle,  and  other  Animali. 
CVIU.  An  Act  for  enabling  Ser  Majeaty 

to  eelabliih  and  mainCun  IHplomatic  Re- 

lationi  with  tha  SovenigD  of  the  AonaH 


i.,iiij  tb 


Form*  of 


itei  under  the  Act  antborinng 
the  Adiance  of  Honey  for  l?',e  Improve- 
ment of  Land  by  Dninage  in  Qrtat 


CIX.  An  Act  to  outhoriie  tbe  Incloinn 
of  certain  Land*  in  punuance  of  a  Special 
Bepoft  of  Ibe  Inclooore  Commiinonen 
fat  Engla*d  and  WtUn. 


CXX.  An  Act  to  hcilitate  the  Tranofer  of 
landed  Property  in  Irdand. 
""  ■"  •  -  -  alter  tha  I«v*  and 
idH  lupeeting  tbe 
ley  of  Dealen  in  and  Ketailen  of 
Spirit!,  and  raipacting  tbe  Sale  and  Re- 
moTal  of  Spirit!  by  Permit  &om  tha 
Stock  of  inch  Tnden;  and  reelecting 
the  Diitribution  of  Penaltie*  and  Por- 
fratnrea  recovered  imder  the  Law*  of 
Biciia. 

CXXII.  An  Act  to  amend  tbe  Uwa  re- 
■pecting  tbe  Warehouiing  of  Briiuh 
Spirit!  in  EnglaMt.  SofOand,  and  Ire- 
land reipecUTcly,  and  to  permit  Spirit* 
made  from  Halt  only,  and  Spirit!  made 
bom  Halt  and  other  Ctrain,  and  Beatified 
Spirit!,  to  be  exported  on  Ilrawback  from 
any  Part  of  the  United  Kingdom ;  and 
reepecling  certain  Spirit  Niinirtt,  and 
the  HemoTol  of  Qoodj  eubjecl  to  Biciu 
Btgulaliont  Irom  Cnttom*  Warehoue. 


314        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


CZXIIL  An  Act  to  renew  tni  imnid  an 
Act  of  ihfl  Tenlh  YtT  of  Hu  pieKUl 
UaJHt;,  for  the  man  tpeedy  BemoToJ 
of  MTtun  NntMiiCM,  and  the  FnTmlion 
of  CODtuiou  sad  epidemic  Diieaiet. 

CZXIV.  An  Act  to  unend  mo  Act  of  the 
but  Seuion,  lot  Tsrjtng  the  Frioritiei  of 
the  Gharget  mode  on  "The  Londtm 
Bridgi  Approaebn  Pimd,"  and  to  b- 
dlilate  the  CompletiOD  of  certwn  Im- 
pnienHoU  in  the  Citj  of  Walmiittr. 

CXXT.  An  Act  fet  railing  the  Snm  of 
Two  MillioDi  by  Eicbeqaer  Bill*,  or  bj 
the  Crealim  of  Annailiei,  for  tlie  Servke 
of  the  Tear  One  tfaaimnd  dght  bundled 
and  forty-eight. 

CXXVI.  An  Act  to  lapplysSum  ont  of 
the  Conulidaled  Pund,  and  certain  other 
Bum),  to  Ibe  Serrice  of  the  Year  One 
thoneand  eight  hundred  and  forlj-eigbt ; 
and  to  appropriate  the  Supplier  granted 
in  thii  Seuion  of  Farliamenl. 

CXXVU.  An  Act  to  reduce  the  Dutiei  on 
Copper  and  Lead. 

CXXVIII.  An  Act  for  carrying  into  effect 
the  Agreement  between  Her  MaJBity  end 
tbe  Imaum  of  Mttieal  for  the  more  eflec' 
tual  Snppretuon  of  the  Slare  Trade. 

CXXIZ.  An  Act  for  amending  an  Act 
puwd  in  the  Ninth  and  Tenth  Yean  of 
Her  preaent  Hnjeity  for  making  pre- 
liminary Inqoiriei  in  certain  Cue*  of 
Appliotiona  for  Local  Acu. 

CXXX.  An  Ad  fiir  goaianteeing  the  In- 
temt  on  (uch  Loam,  not  eiceeding  Five 
hundred  thontand  Fonndi,  a*  ma;  be 
railed  by  the  Briliih  Celeniei  on  the 
Continent  of  Smith  Amti-icm,  in  the  Wat 
Iiulia  and  the  JfaKritiw,  (at  certain 

CZXXI.  An  Act  to  amend,  and  contiDOe 
until  the  Pirrt  Day  of  j/ovembtr  One 
thoniaod  eight  hnndred  and  fortf-nine, 
and  to  tbe  Knd  of  the  then  next  Beuion 
of  Parliament,  an  Act  to  make  ProTiiion 
for  the  Treatment  of  poorFenoni  afflicted 
with  FcTcr  in  Jrtiand. 

CXXXII.  An  Act  for  the  appointment  of 
additional  Taxing  Uanen  far  the  High 
Court  of  Chancery  in  Inland,  and  to 
regulate  the  Appointment  of  the  Principal 
AMittanta  to  the  Haiten  in  the  Superior 

-    Conlta  of  Iaw  in  Jrtlaitd. 

CXXXIII.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Law) 
relating  to  Baringi  Baoka  in  Iitland. 


LOCAL  AND  PERSONAL 

ACTS, 

Declared  Public,  and  to  bejudieiaily 

noticed. 

i.  An  Act  for  better  aueaiing  and  collecting 
the  Poor  Batee,  Lighting,  Watching,  and 
Highway  Hatea,  in  the  Pariah  of  K*- 
Itrinj  in  the  County  af  Sarliampbn. 

ii.  An  Act  for  enabling  tbe  Mayor,  Alder- 
men, and  fiurgtuea  of  the  Boiinigh  of 
Leieottr  to  eiabliih  a  general  Cemetery 
for  luch  Borough. 

iii.  An  Act  for  the  Conneratiou  of  a  For- 
lion  of  the  UaiKliala-  Ueneral  Cemetery. 

ir.  An  Act  for  extending  the  Time  &r 
building  a  Bridge  orer  the  Biver  Jta% 
from  ClifUm  to  tbe  oppodte  Side  of  tbe 
Birer  in  the  County  of  SarurteL 

T.  An  Act  to  autboriie  the  Company  of 
Proprielon  of  the  LeUtiUr  Naiigation 
to  abandon  the  Railway)  or  Stone  Uoadi 
and  Water  Lereia  commonly  knows  ai 
"  The  Foreat  Line,"  and  to  enable  then 
to  )eU  the  laud)  orer  which  the  mmt 
vutet,  and  the  Roerroir  and  otlMr 
Work)  connected  therewith. 

ti  An  Act  for  tupplying  the  Paiiah  and 
Townahip  si  Borough  of  FoUatmu  with 
Water. 

iii.  Ad  Act  to  enable  the  Company  of 
Froprietora  of  Lambelh  Walerwoilu  to 
conatnict  additional  Worka,  and  for  bettw 
aupplying  tbe  Inhabitant)  of  the  Pariih 
of  LantbitA  in  the  County  ofSanry  and 
other  Pariahe*  and  Place)  with  Water. 

TiiL  An  Act  for  the  better  )npplying  with 
Water  the  Koyal  Burgh  of  SUtHk^  and 
Bubnrbi  thereot 

ix.  An  Act  to  enahU  the  BirlmJiMd  Dock 
Company  to  aell  or  ieaie  their  Land. 

I.  An  Act  to  Buthoriie  the  Tnulee*  of  the 
Lirtrpool  Dock)  to  build  Warehooaea,  to 
conatruet  additional  Wet  Dock)  and  other 
Work),  and  for  other  pnrpoaes. 

xi.  An ActfoccouatrnelingaDdmaintaiuing 
a  Pier,  Jetty,  or  Stage,  with  neconry 
approachea  thereto,  at  J)ot4r  in  the 
County  of  Kent 

xiL  An  Acl  for  lighting  with  Oaa  tha 
TowTuhip  of  Morlrg  in  the  Faiiah  of 
Batley  in  the  Weat  Biding  of  the  County 
of  Fort. 

xiii.  An  Act  for  amending  '^The  Bridol 
and  Clifton  Qasligbl  Act,  1S4T." 

zir.  An  Act  for  incorporating  the  South' 
an^ tea  Gaslight  Company,  and  lor  aop- 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


316 


X*.  An  Act  to  amend  &nd  culugs  tlie 
ProTuioni  of  an  Act  puacd  in  the  Ninth 
■nd  Tenth  Yean  of  Ihe  Rctgn  of  Her 
pmenl  Hajeat;,  intituled  Aj*  Act  for 
MUr  mpplfitig  «ilh  Oat  ths  City  qf 
Torcater  and  tht  Svburbt  Vitreof,  and 
to  enable  the  Woreattr  New  Omilight 
Company  incorpeniCed  by  the  sud  Act 
to  niw  a  fdrtber  Sum  of  Money. 

zri.  An  Act  for  proTiding  a  Harket  ii>r 
the  Sals  of  Cattle  and  olluir  Animali  m 
the  Beroogh  of  ^nvAuiy  in  the  County 
at  Salop. 

iTiL  An  Act  to  alter,  amend,  and  entargo 
the  Powera  and  Pnrriaiom  of  an  Act 
paa«d  in  the  Ninth  Year  of  the  Bdgn 
'  "'■  Uajaty  King  Qtorgt  die  Third, 
abliahinf 
«  Hotpitd 

xviii.  An  Act  for  tl 
public  SoSennce  Whane*  in  the  Port  of 

xii.  An  Act  to  effect  an  Agreement  between 
the  yiulon  of  Ihe  Lunatic  Aajlnm  for 
the  County  of  LeiaOtr  and  the  Corpora- 
tion of  the  Boroogh  of  Ltiaittr,  for  the 
Admiuion  of  Lnnatic  Panpcn  fiom  the 
nid  BotDogh  into  the  laid  Aiylnm. 

XI.  AnActforthelncorpora^on.Bitahlith- 
menl,  and  tUgulation  of  "iVui'i  Patent 
Candle  Camputy,"  and  for  enabling  the 
nid  Company  to  pnTchaae  and  work 
Letlen  Patent. 

ni.  An  Act  to  authoriis  certain  Alterationa 
in  the  Hitckin,  Norlhimploii,  and  jTunl- 
M^dim  £it«uion  of  the  Midland  Bail- 
wayi ;  and  for  other  Purpaaei. 

xiiL  An  Act  for  enabling  the  Ifonk- 
WtiUr*  Bail  way  Company  to  make 
certain  Alleniiont  and  Dtienioni  in  the 
main  Lone  of  thmr  Railway  al  StifU>», 
CatUrioH,  and  Sldbirpk,  and  in  the 
LancaittT  Branch  of  Uieir  Bailway  at 
BiUi. 

iiiii.  An  Act  to  antborice  the  leaaing  of 
the  Abetxiart  Bailwaj,  with  the  Branch 
Bailway  and  woiki  connnctsd  thenwilh, 
to  the  Tof  Volt  Baitway  Company. 

iiiT.  Ad  Act  for  enabling  the  rort,  Ifnr- 
ctitUe,  and  Bertcici  Bailway  Company  to 
impnn  their  Main  Line  of  Bailway, 
and  to  make  certain  Branehea  in  the 
County  of  Durham;  and  for  other  Por- 

xzT.  An  Act  to  empower  the  JVorti^firiluA 
Bailway  Company  to  rue*  additional 
Capital  for  certain  Purpoaet. 

xoi  An  Act  to  enable  the  Sendal  and 
IVindermert  Bailway  Company  to  faiaa 
a  Airther  Sum  of  Honey,  uid  to  amend 
the  Act  relating  to  mch  Bailway. 


ixrii.  An  ActforenablingtbeSoatt  TToiu 
Bulway  Company  to  hold  Sfaarei  in  the 
Undertaking  of  the  Vale  of  NtoA  Bail- 
way  Company ;  and  for  other  Pnrpoaaa. 

ziTiii.  An  Act  for  enabling  the  driMof  asif 
SzOtr  Bailway  Company  to  purchase 
the  duloninry  Navigation  and  Canal, 
and  (or  amending  the  Acta  relating  to 
auch  Bailway  and  Canal. 

xiix.  An  Act  to  amend  Ihe  Ada  relating 
10  the  WatafoTd,  Waford,  Wictlott, 
and  DtihliH.  Bailway,  and  to  enable  the 
South  Wala  Bailway  Company  to  aub- 
acribe  thereto. 

■"-  An  Act  to  enable  the  Norfolk  Bail- 
way  Company  to  raiie  a  further  Sum  of 
Money,  and  for  other  Purpoaa. 

aboliahing  the  DnUea 


I  enacting  other  Sntiea 
and  Proniiona  in  lieu  theieof. 

xzziL  An  Act  to  raiie  a  further  Sum  of 
Honey  for  the  Court  Hooie  and  Officec 
at  i/amiVlaa,  and  to  alter  ths  Hode  of 
aueuing  and  levying  certain  Rate*  and 
Aateaamenta  in  the  County  of  LisMak. 

iixiiL  An  Act  forremovingand  regulating 
the  UaileU  and  Pain  held  in  the 
Borough  and  Libertiea  of  Oitwttry,  and 
for  completing  and  pioTiding  convenient 
Market  Placei  and  Flacei  for  Paira,  with 
proper  Approachei  thereto. 

niiv.  An  Act  for  maintaining  and  im- 
looving  the  Harbour  of  Lmoo  ia  tha 
County  of  CornmM,  and  for  taking 
down  the  preient  Bridge  between  And 
and  Wext  Loot  acroii  tha  aaid  Harbour, 
and  erecting  a  new  Bridge  inatead 
thereof 

zxxT.  An  Act  (or  maintaining,  r^ulalJng, 
and  impnving  the  Harbour  of  Aitrow 
in  the  County  Palatine  of  lancaater. 

xxzvL  An  Act  (or  belter  auppljing  with 
Water  the  Borough  of  Dtrhy,  and  certain 
Paiiahea  and  Placea  adjacent  theretc^  in 
the  County  of  Dtrhy. 

xiivii.  An  Act  to  amend  three  Acta  of 
Hi»  Mttjealy  TvaaQtotgt  the  Third,and 
another  Act  of  Hii  late  Hajeaty  Xing 
WUUoM  the  Fourth,  for  amending  cer- 
tain Hilewaya  leading  to  O^ord,  and 
making  Improvementa  in  tha  Univeraity 
and  Cityof  O^ori,  theSuburba  thereof, 
and  adjoining  Pariah  of  SainX  CUmtM ; 
and  for  other  Purpoaea. 

xiiviiL  An  Act  to  amalgamate  the  LivB^ 
pooi  Qaalighl  Company  and  the  lAttr- 
pool  New  (jaa  and  Coke  Company. 

xiiix.  An  Act  to  amend  and  enlarge  the 


316 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


Pamn  of  an  Act  fuwd  in  the  Second 

T«u  at  the  lUign  of  Hii  Hajeit]'  Etna 
Otoiyt  the  Feunh,  uid  et  an  Act  pueed 
in  the  Sixth  Tew  of  the  B*aga  of  Her 
pwent  M^eity,  for  wppljing  the  Towni 
of  O/d  end  Ntv  BToJ/ord  in  the  CouDty 
of  Middlnti,  end  other  Fluei  theiein 
moiliaDed,  with  Oae. 

sL  An  ActtorepeslthepNTinoiiiaf  Tvo 
MTenl  Acti  tot  lifting  with  Ou  the 
Town  of  BrijiUAtlmiUiu  in  the  Coantj 
of  Stuttx,  end  for  nuling  Dthei  FroTi- 
■ioni  in  turn  thereat 

xli.  An  Act  to  authoriie  the  Comjmnj  of 
Ftoprielon  of  the  Forth  and  Clydt 
HaTigation  and  the  Airdi-it  and  Coat- 
bridgt  Water  CompMy  to  enter  into 
Agreemeoti  for  certain  Fnrpoae*. 

ilii.  An  Act  to  onahle  the  i/irrxiaiuH'ii 
Dock  Companr  to  eell  or  Imh  Land)  at 
Toittl*  Park  in  the  Coontyof  ZawMfcr. 

sliiL  An  Act  for  fiuiliUting  the  Tranifer 
of  the  Brittoi  Docki  to  the  MaTor, 
Aldermen,  and  Bnrgeuee  of  the  Citj  of 
BriiUil,  and  for  other  Purpoeee. 

zlJT.  An  Act  fer  the  further  Eitcnrion  and 
ImproTement  of  the  Feirj,  Harbonn, 
Tim,  and  other  Work*  at  ^lutinftny 
on  the  FnA  <^  ForlA;  and  br  certain 
other  Parpoui  connected  therewith. 

xIt.  An  Act  for  eatabliehing  direct  Sleem 
Commimicatiiini  acroee  the  Riret  Tytu 
between  the  Towdi  of  A'orli  and  SoulJt 
Ski€ldt,  and  belirMii  other  Fleoei  in  the 
CoDDtiee  of  Durkam  and  ^ortkumltr- 
land. 

zItL  An  Act  for  ineo^oiating  the  iPorfi 
q/'  BeoOaiid  Fire  and  Idle  Aunrance 
Conlpanf ,  nnder  the  Name  of  "  The 
Aort^ent  Auunnee  Company ; "  fbi  en- 
abling the  nid  Companj  to  me  and  be 
aned,  and  to  take,  hold  and  tianiler 
Fropertf  ;  for  confirming  the  Eule*  and 
Kegotalion*  of  the  laid  ConipanT ;  and 
for  other  Furpoeei  relating  thereto. 

xlriL  An  Act  tor  enabling  "  The  Patent 
Galnniied  Iron  Company"  to  pnichaie 
and  work  certua  Leiten  FatecL 

xlniL  An  Act  for  repealing  an  Act  faned 
in  the  Sixth  Year  of  the  Keign  of  Hii 
Hajeaty  Sing  Oeorye  the  Fourth,  for 
making  a  Eoad  from  BatUt  Bridgt  to 
HoUouay  in  the  County  of  ItiddUta. 

xlii.  An  Act  for  repoiiing  the  Rod  trora 
IfaiUMick  to  Wtaloti  WItaif  in  the 
Coonty  Palatine  of  C/iaUr;  and  to  re- 
ped  an  Act  paand  in  the  Fitty-nxth 
Tear  of  the  Eeign  of  Hie  Kejeel;  Eing 
Otorge  tlw  Third ;  and  to  continue  and 
extend  tlw  TnuL 

L  An  Act  to  amend  an  Act  pmrrl  in  the 


Bteranlh  Tear  of  the  Bdgn  of  Bii  lale 
Majeity  King  Oeof^  the  Foorth,  inti- 
tnled  Ah  Ad  Jot  npairiiig  m%d  ■■"■- 
taining  Jit  Boadt  fivtt  lAe  Ton  i^ 
Dondalk  IS  lit  Conoly  <(f  Looth  to  tU 
roHfu  (^  Caatle  Blayney  and  Cairicfc- 
macrou  in  tit  ContUy  i^  Honaghan. 

li.  An  Act  for  repealing  as  Act  at  the 
Ninth  Tear  of  the  Keign  of  Hii  HajeMy 
King  Qtotge  the  Fourth,  intituled  A% 
Act  /or  maiing,  rtpairing,  swj  im- 
provinff  arCaitk  Boadt  leading  to  mud 
from  Truro  in  At  CmtiUg  i^f  Cornwall, 
and  tot  making  otbet  Proriiioni  in  lira 
thereof;  tia  forming,  Teating  and  im- 
proving certain  Itoadij  and  for  oon- 
tinuing  and  extending  the  TVaro  Turn- 
pike Triut. 

lii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  DtaidM  amd 
PertA  Baiiway  Company  to  make  a 
Jnnc^n  Line  of  Bailvay  into  the  fioyal 
Burgh  of  Zh»Kfa>. 

liii.  An  Act  to  continue  and  amend  die 
Act  relating  to  the  DruMptUrr  Bailwaj. 

liv.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Ariroatli  Bad 
Forfar  Bailwmy  Company  to  rain  a 
further  Son  of  Money. 

It.  An  Act  for  enahUu  the  York,  St9- 
caitit,  and  Btmick  Bailway  Comiaiiy 
to  deiiate  or  alter  part  of  ^tir  Tkint 
and  Mallon  Branch  Bailway,  and  to 
abandon  Part  of  the  M»e ;  and  for  other 

In.  An  Act  lor  enabling  the  Ltidi  sarf 
Tliirik  Railway  Company  to  make  a 
Bailway  from  JMmeriytoJVortiliiJlerttni, 
and  to  form  a  Jondion  with  the  York 
and  Ntvfattit  Railway- 

Ini.  An  Act  for  enabling  the  Litdt  a%d 
Thirik  Railway  Company  to  alltr  the 
Levels  of  cwtain  ponioDi  of  the  Lmdt 
and  Hartlepool  Bailway,  and  to  alter 
the  prepoaed  Junctioue  with  the  Stockton 
and  DarlingloH  Railway  in  fojrkw'ife.' 
and  for  other  PuipoMt. 

IiiiL  An  Act  for  enabling  the  Manckailer 
Soyiik  Jnndiv*  and  AUriiJuim  Kailway 
Company  to  provide  additional  Stadoo 
Accommodation  in  ilaneitiltrj  and  tot 
other  Purpoaea. 

lix.  An  Act  to  anlhoriie  ibe  O^atd, 
WoTOittr,  and  Woitrkamfton  Kadvay 
Company  to  raiie  a  farther  Sum  of  Honey; 
and  for  other  Furpoaeft 

Ix.  An  ActtoenablatheCAutcrctMfSof^ 
ktad  Railway  Company  to  pDichaae,  hire, 
and    nae   Steam  Beat*;  and  far  other 

IxL  An  Act  to  enable  the  Waltrferd  and 
KiU*nnif  Railway  Company  to  make 
certain  Deviadoni  in  the  aathoiiaed  line 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


of  tbe  md  Bulmr;  tad  to  MMnd  th« 


le  FroTiiioiu  of  tbe  AcU  raUting 
EaM  LitueliUre  Bailmiy. 

Inii.  An  Act  foi  enabling  tbt  Jiandutler, 
Si^uld  and  Li<,ealiuJiire  Bui  way  Com- 
{■■nr  to  maks  a  Bailway  lu  Bariuliy, 
with  BrauchM  then&am,  all  in  the  West 
Biding  of  the  Count;  of  yorl. 

liiT.  An  Act  for  enabjiiig  lh«  Xaittlialtr, 
&l^SeU,oiuiiiiio»/iuAir«  Rail  irair  Com- 
pany to  make  irapntied  Commnnicatioiu 
to  their  Station  in  MatuhttUr. 

IiT.  An  Act  to  aatboiiie  the  Soiiih  Tort- 
ikirt,  Donaitler,  aiui  0<n>U  Railvaj  CoiD- 
pan;  to  cooatnct  ■  Branch  Bailway  to  tb* 
Onat  Sortlmn  Bailwsy  at  Dotiauler. 

liri.  An  Act  to  authoriH  cartain  Alteri- 
tioniofthe  AWU  SU/ffrdiAiri  Railway. 

IxriL  An  Act  to  enabla  the  AbenUeit  Rail- 
way Compas;  to  laiie  a  turther  Snm  of 

IznlL  An  Act  br  enabling  the  Lttdi  tmd 
Tkint  Bailway  Com|iany  to  make  a 
Bulway  by  BamgaU  to  PaltUfj  uid 
for  other  PnipoMa. 

Uii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Matuidiltr, 
SJi^ffiM,  rniui  LiiuMlmltin  Bailway 
Company  to  carry  the  Line  of  their 
Bailway  aeroH  Si^giM  SUtrt  in  Man- 
cAtiter,  to  incieaee  their  Station  Afcom- 
niodatian  at  MattdUilir  and  Slalybrid^ 
and  for  other  Pnrpoiee. 

I"  An  Act  to  enable  tbe  Sditiburgh  and 
Oltugotf  Bailw^  Company  to  make  eei^ 
tain  BnuKhee,  and  to  alter  tbe  Tunnel 
at  OUugme;  and  for  other  Furpoeea. 

Izii.  An  Act  for  making  a  Railway  Station 
on  the  North  Side  of  the  RiTer  Mn  in 
L4*dt  in  the  We«  Riding  of  the  Coonty 
of  York,  U,  be  called  "  The  LtmU  Ceotnd 
Bailway  ButiOQ.'' 

IxziL  An  Act  to  eoabl*  tiie  ScottUk  Mid' 
landJimctieit  Bailway  Company  to  make 
Branch  Bailnrayi  to  Bintatt  and  to  the 
DimitU  Blanch  irf  the.ScoUit*  UuUatid 
JutKtUit  Railway,  and  alu  to  abandon  a 
Portion  of  ths  niginal  Line  of  tbe  wid 
Dunttld  Branch. 

Laiiu.  An  Act  to  enable  tbe  QiMoiuaK 
Bailway  Company  to  fm^ire  the  Olat- 
gow,  Qmntktrk,  and  Ct^lridgt,  and  the 
ClfdfdMU  JtMtHim  Bailway  >. 

IxDT.  An  Act  for  making  a  Bailway  from 
tbe  Btrtt  and  BanU  BaUway  at  Sun- 
gujord  to  join  the  Line  of  the  WUu, 
SomtnO,  mid  WtymtrM  Bailway  at 
WtMttrf  and  Dtritu. 


SlaiiM,  and  SoMli-  Wittr*  Bailway. 
Ijcni.  An  Act  to  make  a  Deriatian  in  the 
anthoriied  Line  of  the  Midland  Onai 
Wttlem   Bailway  of  Inland,  and  to 
amend  the  Act*  relating  to  the  Company. 

bcKJL  An  Act  to  enable  the  Brvlol  mid 
Sxetv  Jtailvatf  Company  to  make  a 
Branch  Rulway  from  the  firutof  and 
ExMer  Bailway  in  the  Pariih  of  Bltadon 
to  the  City  of  WtUt,  the  Town  of  Qlat- 
Umbury,  and  tha  Pariah  of  Arw^all  in 
County  of  SotntntL 

bnviii.  An  Act  to  enable  tbe  Qlamw, 
Paiitef,  and  OtmjucI  Railway  Com- 
pany to  moke  a  certain  Bnoeh  Biulvay  ; 
and  to  amend  the  Acta  relating  (o  the 
Bud  Bailway. 

Inii.  An  Act  to  authariie  the  Abandon- 
ment of  a  Portkon  of  the  LiHuUndtrry 
and  EnnUhlttn  Bailway,  and  the  En- 
largement d  the  intended  Station  at 
Londonderry;  and  for  other  Furpoiea. 

Izxi.  An  Act  to  enable  the  ITAittAawti 
Jnnetien  Bailway  Company  to  extend 
their  Bailway  fmu  the  pnaeni  Terminu* 
thereof  at  leUsUm  to  tbe  Patent 
Slip  Yard  in  Wkittiumn,  to  make 
Branchei  to  Whitdiantn  Eorhour,  to 
deriate  the  Line  at  pBiion,  and  to  alter, 
ephrge,  and  extend  the  Cempanj'a  Sta- 
tion!, Bailway*,  and  Worke;  and  fbc 
otber  Puipoeee. 

lliii.  An  Act  for  enabling  the  HariUpool 
Dock  and  Boitway  Compaoy  and  the 
Great  Jforik  o/Sngland,  Clarmct,  mid 
Hartitpooi  /aactttm  Bailway  Company 
to  Itaie  their  reepeotiTe  Bailwayi  and 
Worki  to  the  For^  Nntcatik,  and 
BeffKi  Bailway  Company. 

IzziiL  An  Act  to  enable  the  Brvhi  und 


Ljmg,  neer  the  Town  of  Tmmlon,  to 
jmn  tbe  JVMi,  aemmH,  mid  Wtymcmli 
Bailway  near  OutU  Gary  in  the  Conaty 
oCSomtntl. 

IxzxiiL  An  Act  for  nuking  a  Bianch  Bail- 
way  from  the  Ckwmtl  Vallty  Line  of  tha 
iforik  StitfardilUn  Bailway  in  the 
Pariah  of  SocarUr  in  tbe  Coaaty  of 
Staford  to  AiUownu  in  the  Couty 
ofDvrSy. 

IxuiT.  An  Act  to  rwilale  the  Charge*  for 
the  Connyanea  of  Traffic  on  the  Otaiyow, 
Faulty,  Kilmanort,  mid  Ayr  Bailway, 


1X1X1 


Ad  Act  ibi  nakiag  a  Bailway  from 
Xxtitt  to  YtoM,  with  Bnuchei  u>d  an 
BitenatoB  tbewfcwa,  to  ha  called  "  The 


318        ANNUAL    REG  1ST  ER,  1848. 


Xxtltr,  Ytavil,  and  Dorthaler  Bail- 
■mj." 

Ixiiii.  An  Ad  ht  ntting  in  the  lia%- 
c/uiltr,  Sli^ffiild,  and  lAncoltHkin  Bjut- 
my  Compan J  tti«  Canal  Navigntion  Ihim 
Ma»fk<$ttr  to  or  near  Aihbm-undtr- 
Lye  and  Oldiasi. 

Ixixvii,  An  Act  to  niabte  the  L<Muhn  and 
SotUK-iifaUrn  Railway  Compan;  to  make 
aBailwaf  fromiSsfwhtryto  fi»n7,willi 
Biancbel  to  Sinftiibury,  and  to  the 
BxiUr,  Ytovil,  and  Sttrcieiler,  and 
Willi,  SomtrMt,  and  WeynumA  Bail- 

Ixzzriii  An  Act  to  enable  the  Midland 
Railway  Company  to  make  certain 
Branehai  fma  and  Enlargemaota  of  th«r 
Railway ;  and  for  other  FurpOKe. 

liiQi.  An  Act  for  amalgamating  the 
SomAamptoH  and  ZhrefuMler  Bailwny 
Company  with  the  Zondon  and  SouA- 
lettltm  Rail  way  Company. 

zo.  An  Act  to  amend  the  AcU  relating  ta 
the  London  and  SlaehntH  Railway,  and 
to  anlhorite  the  Company  to  aller  the 
Qange  of  their  Railway,  and  to  make 
certain  ImproTemenli  in  the  A^roochei 
to  the  Md  Railway,and  to  make  Bianchei 
to  the  London  and  Saint  Kalherine'i 
Dock*. 

id.  An  Act  to  enable  the  WInttlUiviit 
Junction  Railway  Cmnpan;  ta  raiie  a 
farther  Snm  of  Honey ;  and  to  amend 
the  Act  relating  to  the  nid  Bulway, 

zdL  An  Act  for  improving  the  Steam  Com- 
moniotion  acma  the  Kiver  Htmbtr  be- 
longing to  the  Manduiler,  Shrffidd,  and 
Lineolmhirt  Railway  Company;  for 
erecting  a  Pier  at  Kingtlon^pon-Bull, 
and  enlai^g  the  Worki  at  Nne  Hol- 
land; for  making  a  connecting  Line 
near  Harbm^  in  the  Coonty  of  Lin- 
eoln;  for  nguUting  the  Pilotage  of  the 
Tunvt  Gnat  Orivubtf  ;  and  for  amending 
the  Acta  relating  to  tbe  Mandiattr, 
Sk^gidd,  and  Linttilm\iTt  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

zeiiL  An  Act  to  enable  the  Handutter, 
Si^uld,  and  LineolnAirt  Railway 
Company  to  conitmel  an  additional  or 
enU^  Btatioa  at  Si^pdd,  and  to 
make  a  Branch  Sulway  to  tbe  Sh^ld 
Canal 

zdT.  An  Act  (or  Testing  in  tbe  Jfc»uba<«', 
Slufftld,  and  lAncotnthiri  Bail  way  Com- 
pany the  Slt^ldd  Canal. 

ZCT.  An  Act  to  enable  the  PtyoMiA  Qrtca 
Waltm  Deck  Company  to  raiae  farther 
Capital,  and  (e  anthoriae  the  Onai 
Wtltrn,  the  Briilol  and  SxtUr,  and 
&wtt  i)no»  Railway  Companie*  to  nb- 


Kribe  to  the  Plywntt  G^reol  Vfaltm 
Dock* ;  and  for  other  Pnrpoeea. 
zcri  An  Act  to  ame^d  the  Acta  relating 

to  the  Sevfy  Navigation. 

zcrii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Warden  and 
Aniitanta  of  the  Harbour  of  Hota  in 
the  County  of  XtKt  to  niee  a  forlbs 
Bnm  of  Honey. 

zeriii.  An  Act  to  improre  the  Harbonrof 
BtantiAand  in  the  County  of  F^s. 

zcix.  An  Act  for  conatracting  a  barbaar  at 
Ltct  Xobit,  and  for  "■«'"'«iT"»g  the 
Harhonr  of  LHUt  Ferry,  both  in  iha 
County  of  5aM«rIaiuJl 

c.  An  Act  for  eatabUihing  a  general  Ceme- 
tery for  tbe  Interment  of  the  Dead  in 
the  Fariih  of  Saint  Uaryon-tkfBill  in 
tbe  City  of  CAetttr. 

cL  An  Act  to  aller,  amend,  and  oilaiga 
,  the  Powo*  and  Prondoni  irf  "  The 
"  MandttMter  Corporation  Walerwinki 
"Act,  18*:.- 

cii  An  Act  to  amend,  extoid,  and  enlarge 
the  Powen  of  an  Act  paued  in  the 
Seuion  of  Pariiament  held  in  the  mtb 
and  Sixth  Tean  of  the  Beign  of  Bct 
preaent  Uajeity,  intitaW  An  Act /or 
better  ligktin^f  dtantin^,  eewerinff,  and 
inprttving  Vie  BoronffK  of  Leedi  in  tin 
County  qf  ToA ;  and  to  giye  to  ths 
Hayor,  Aldermen,  and  Bnrgeeaei  of  the 
aaid  Borough  forther  and  more  eflectnal 
Powen  for  draining  and  aevaring  the 
■Bid  Borongh. 

ciii.  An  Act  for  diuolring  and  focHitating 
the  winding-np  of  the  Affiurt  of  "  The 
"  Patent  Qalraniied  Iron  Company," 
trading  nnder  the  Firm  or  Style  of 
Malini  and  Ravtineant. 

ciT.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Act*  for  im- 
proTing  the  Drainage  and  NaTigalion  of 
the  Middle  Level  of  the  Fen*,  and  fiv 
other  PurpoBH  connected  therowilh. 

CV,  An  Act  to  enable  Zov'f  Patent  Copper 
Company  to  work  certain  Letten  Patent. 

eri.  An  Act  fcr  incorporating  the  ScottiA 
Provident  Innitution,  for  conGrtning  the 
Lawi  and  Begulationi  thareof,  for  en- 
abling the  mid  Society  to  me  and  be 
■ned,  to  take  and  to  hold  Property;  and 
for  other  Purpoeei  relating  to  nid  So- 

cvii.  An  Act  ta  amoid  and  oontinue  the 

Term  of  an  Act  pniHd  in  the  Kfty- 
■erenth  Tear  of  the  Keign  of  Hit  Uta 
Hajeaty  King  Georgi  the  Third,  intituled 
An  Act  ta  cantintte  Ou  Ten*  of  an  Act 
paaed  in  Uu  Parliament  </  Ireland  tm 
lIU  TkirtyJ^h  Tear  of  Bit  prntal 
Xajaly,  for  improtimg  amd  repairing 
rti  Itimpikt  Head  leading fnm  Dublin 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


318 


ciia.  Ad  Act  for  autboriiing  tbs  Tnuteei 
of  ths  Tadcatter  and  Sailon  Dud  Tiini- 
pike  Bead  to  make  a  Direnian  or  Alter- 
ation of  •uch  Fart  of  the  Line  of  the 
Tadeaikr  aitd  Bolton  Dial  Turnpike 
Bead  aa  liei  in  the  Pariih  of  TadtatUr 
in  the  Weit  Biding  of  the  County  of 
Tori. 

ax.  An  Act  loanable  the  Pmident,  Vice- 
Pruidnili,  TreaaureT,  and  Hembeia  of 
the  Philanthropic  Society  to  aell  and 
giant  Leawf  of  the  Lanift  belonging  to 
them,  and  to  porchaae  other  Lands ;  and 
lor  other  PurpoMa  toting  to  tbs  aaid 
Society.  • 

ex.  An  Act  to  incorporate  the  Uemben  of 
the  Inatitnlion  called  "  The  Orphnn 
WotkiDg  School,"  now  eatablithed  at 
ffaventoit  Hill,  Bampttead  Jioad,  in 
theCoDn^otifiiUfueE.and  to  enable 
them  the  better  to  eairy  on  their  chari- 
table Deugna. 

eii.  An  Act  to  alter  and  amend  »me  of 
the  Proriaioni  of  the  Acta  relating  to  the 
Londoit  and  Blactvall  Railway  Com- 
pany, 

nii.  Ad  Act  to  mable  the  EdMvrgK  and 
IToTtkem  Bailvay  Company  (o  make 
Bnnch  Bailwaya  to  Aucofru,  Kdtyhtad, 
and  QUiuraig:  and  for  certain  other 

ciiii.  An  Act  for  more  effectnally  watching, 
claniing,  and  lighting  the  StreeCa  of  the 
City  of  Edinburgh  and  adjoining  Dia- 
tricta,  for  regulating  the  Police  theieof, 
and  for  other  Parpoaes  relating  thereto. 

ciiT.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Acta  reUting 
tothe^0a(J^ortA«m  Sail  vay  Company; 
and  to  enable  the  Company  to  make  ao 
Bitenaion  of  their  Bailway  from  ths 
Pariah  of  Saundby  in  iVoUiRjiAoiiuAtn 
to  the  AiJttm  Brvich  of  the  WahgUld, 
Ponl^fntct,  and  Qvit  Bmlway  in  the 
Pariah  of  Otaton  in  the  Weat  Biding  of 
YorkAirt,  with  a  Branch  to  rejoin  the 
Ortol  Ntfrlitrn  Bailmy  in  the  Pariah 
•ii  Smith  in  the  aaid  Weit  Biding. 

eiT,  An  Act  for  enabling  the  Lanauhin 
and  YorkAin  Railway  Company  to 
make  certain  Hodificatioua  of  their  Share 
Capital ;  and  for  other  Parpoee*. 

ciri.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Edininrgh 
and  BatAgatt  Bailway  Company  to  ex- 
tend their  WAilinm  Bianch,  and  to 
alter  or  deviate  their  UjiiaU  and  Binnie 


mini  Bailvay,  and  to  amend  the  Act 

relating  thereto. 

extiiL  An  Actio  iacililate the Conitmetion 
of  the  CoiclairM  Branch  of  the  Olatpow, 
Airdrit,  and  MonUandi  JtijKlio* 
Bailwny  by  the  Edii^urgh  and  Okagiy* 
Railway  Company,  and  to  grant  further 
Powera  to  that  Company. 

ail.  An  Act  to  enable  ^e  Boytlon  and 
Bilckin  Bailway  Company  to  aitand 
their  Line  of  Railway  from  Aoyitoa  to 
ShtpToh,  and  to  make  a  Donation  of  the 
antCoriiad  Line  at  HitcKin. 

en.  An  Act  to  amend  the  ProTiaiona  of 
the  Xeiepori  and  Pontgpooi  Baiiway 
Act,  1845. 

ciii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  CtUtdonian, 
Baiiway  Cami«ny  to  .extend  their  Rail- 
way acroa*  the  River  Clydt  at  OlaiffoK, 
and  to  foim  a  Station  in  that  City. 

enrii.  An  Act  for  the  Amendment  and 
Continuation  of  the  Bnrgh  Cnitoma,  and 
Water,  Shore,  and  Harbour  Batea,  of 
the  Bnrgh  of  Dunbar,  and  for  other 
Pnipoaea  connected  with  the  laid  Bnrgh, 
and  the  Supply  of  Water  to  the  nmo 
and  the  Hailwiii  thereoC 

exxiii.  An  Act  to  proTide  for  the  Unnicipal 
and  Police  Qoiemment  of  the  Bnigh  of 
LeiA,  and  fbr  other  PorpoK*  relating 

cxxir.  An  Act  for  the  better  carrying  on 
the  A&in  of  the  Qiand  Canal  Company. 

em.  An  Act  for  enabling  the  London 
and  SoiUi-ieattm  BulwKy  Company  to 
effect  certain  Biteniioni  and  DeTiationi 
at  Godalming,  CoiAan,  London  Bridgi, 
S»iMaiKpton,  and  Poelt,  and  certain 
Aimngementa  retpecting  Steam  Packeti ; 
and  fbr  other  Porpoaea. 

cxxvi.  Ad  Act  to  enable  the  Fumttt  Rail- 
way Company  to  raiaa  a  farther  Snm  of 
Money,  and  to  porchaae  Steam  Veaaela ; 
and  br  the  Amendment  of  tha  Acta 
relating  to  the  aid  Company. 

ciiTii.  An  Act  to  authoriia  certain  Detia- 
tioni  in  the  Uain  Line  of  the  Slirting 
and  Dto^emlmt  Railway,  and  for  other 

cuTiii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Whittkaitn 
and  Fumtu  Jnnetion  Railway  Company 
to  donate  or  extend  their  Line  of  Bail- 
way  from  SOtCToft  to  Fiuifild,  and  to 
abandon  a  Portion  of  thtir  Line  between 
Siiecrnfl  and  InlitK;  to  make  Brancbea 
to  WhiltAarm.  Harbonr;  and  for  other 
Fnrpoae*. 

ciiii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Dnndet  and 
ArbroalA  Baiiway  Company  to  make  a 
JnnetioD  Line  of  Baiiway  into  the  Boyal 
Bnrgh  of  Dnndit. 


320        ANNUAL    REGISTE  B,  1848. 

tixx.    An  Act  for  aMbling  the  Ziandon  nanng  and  parenting  KwMaetm  ■nd 

a»d  SorA-waltm  Bailway  Conpuif  to  AnnoT^oea  llicreiD. 

malu    >    Bnneli    BulvRr    boia   tha  cili.  An  Act  Csr  the  ImprovemcDt  of  tin 

Cottmiry  aitd  iVviuaffHi   Liiw   in    the  Buraugh  of  Lo'tdorndtrry. 

PB<iA  of  Echali  to  the  Cravm  Collieiy,  czlil  An  Act  fat  imsrpsmtiiig  "  Tbe  Wat 

«nd  wothei  Branch  Evlwsy  from  the  i^  Kitgla%d    and   SwA    Wain   laad 

MOW  CoviMry  and  NnntaUm  Line  *t  Dniniog  OampuiT;"  and  for  eoabling 

Bedm/rii  ta  the  MauiU  PUiuaiit  Cnl-  Ownen  of  limiled  InlareiU  inland  to 

lierj,  to  ooiutnict  ■  sew  Apptowli  Bnad  chune   the   tuat   Ibr   the    Pnipoaai  rf 
to  the  Station  of  the  XoiufoB  ami  Norik- 
wwMn  Bailwaj'  at  ToMwertA,  and  to 
enlarge  the  Rugby  Btatlon  of  the  laat- 

mentioned  Kailway,  al)  in  the  Oooatyof  ciliiL  Aa  Act  to  improTa  the  Rirar  Sum 

Wanriek;  and  for  alker  Paqioiea.  and  Wiibtck  Biter,  and  the  Drain^a  tt 

«xixL    An  Act  to  enable  tbe  Midlaiul  land*  diachaqing  thek  Waian  iata  tb« 

Railva;  Companyuconetructa  Railway  laiiM. 

from  OloueuleT  Is  Slmuhouit,  and  for  eiliT.  An   Act  to  altar  and  amend  the 

olhu  Parpoao  conneetol  with  the  dnitbif  tevnal  Act!  relating  to  the  BirtrnJuad 

and  QUmeuter  IdiM  of  tbe  HitUand  Commiulonert  Dodu,  and  ta  tnnilK 

Bailway.  the  icTeral  Poven  of  the  aaid  Conuaia- 

"•""i    An  Act  to  alter  and  amend  the  lionen  to  a  Coiponte  Body  to  be  entitled 

Act!  retatingto  the  JVnny  amf  faau-  "TbeTnutaeaafthe^rtintAairfDackj,-' 

mttti  Bailway  Company,  and  to  enable  and  for  other  Pnrpoeei. 

them  to  make  Atnngemente  with  other  air.  An  Act  for  Hmtinuing  the  Tem  al 

B«l<ny  Conpaoiea.  on  Act  paued  in  the  Bighth  Teat  of  the 

emiii.  An  Act  to  oulheriie  an  Alteratiaa  Raifn  of  Hia  Hqaity  King  OnNyt  the 

of  the  Line  of  the  O^ord,   WiiraHtr,  Voajth,  intituled  A%  Jttfier  rum  ^td- 

amA  iro/rerAaajitait  Bailway;  and  for  Ko/'y  r       '  ' 

other  Pnrpoeei.  Road  f\ 

cxxxIt.  An  Act  to  amalgamate  the  Mini-  well,  limmgh  Salford,  U 

land  and  KirkiiitiUiKk,  BaUoduuy,  and  Caaaljr  PatatiM  qf  LalKaiter,  and  a 

SlawKiiinan  Ballwayi.  Brvnth  iif  Road  cveiniMtaUtNf  Utrt- 

oiixT.  An  Act  for  making  a  Bailway  from  vilA,  »  &r  aa  relate)  to  the  Boad  boa 

the  Ormt  Wulem  Bailway  near  Siotmh  Hulmi  to   Ecda,  for  the   Pnipoae  of 

to  the  Town  of  Ntv  WiiuttoT  ia  the  enabling  the  Tmeteee  to  pay  off  the 

County  of  Berti.  Debt  now  due  m  the  taid  R«da. 

cmti  An  Act  for  making  an  Altnation  otln.  An  Ael  for  altering  and  anwoding 

in  tbe  Ntit  Crom  Station  ;    and    for  an  Act  paaaed  far  maintaiaing  tbe  Baai 

amending  the  Pawera  and  Proriaiona  of  from  Oronford  Bridg*  to  MuvitattT, 

the  WTen]  Acta  relating  to  tbe  Lmdon,  and  a  Branch  connected  therewith. 

BrigUim,  and  South  Ooatl  Bwlway.  cxlni.  An  Act  fol  more  effectually  tcpair- 

emtii.  An  Act  to  nuUe  the  Tnateea  of  ing  and  maintaining  the    Bead   from 

tbe  WttnuHer  Turnpike  Boad  to  nnke  Richmond  to  StUk  in  tho  Oosnty  of 

certain  new  Boada,  and  lo  improve  and  Tark. 

more  eftdually  lanin'r'"   tlw    MTeral  exlriii  An  Act  to  enable  the  Widmie  aitd 

Kaada  binding  into  and  firom  tbe  Oily  of  ColltuM   Bailway  Company  to   di>nt 

WoTtfttr.  and  improTe  oertun  Portioni   of  tbur 

dzxriii.  An  Act  for  eilabliibing  a  Market  Line. 

and  Fair  in  the  Borough  of  Aton  other-  Hlix.    An  Ad  to  enable  "  The   Timber 

wile  ..fleniniit  in  the  Connty  of  Ola-  Freeerriog  Company"  to  pnrchaee  and 

motyan.  work  oerlain  Letten  Paint,  and  fiir 

eiiiii.  An  Aet  for  the  bettar  refnlating  confirming  the  am*. 

and  improring  the  PoH  and  Harlmiv  irf'  cL  An  Act   iiir   dnuaiog,  wat^a^  and 

JftK  Aon  in  tbe  Ooiintiel  of  ffttfiird  otherwiiM  improving   lionx  Jfoor  in 

and  fiUaaay.  the  Weat  Biding  of  VorbUn. 

al.  An  Aot   for  better,  paving,  lighting,  di.  An  Act  to  aalhoriie  the  Endowment 

walching,  lewering,  draining,  oleuiiing,  and  Canaecration   of  a  now  Chapel  at 

and  otberwiae  impnrviDg  the  Tewn  and  MaHborougk,  and  tbe  Annexation  of  the 

NcighboinboDd  of  Btddtnjiild  in   the  urns  lo  JfurJiamti^A  College. 

VeM  Biding  of  the  County  <^  Tort,  for  otiL  An  Act  to  amend  tba  Act  far  the  mora 

maintaining  an  elDcient  Police,  and  re-  caiy  Beoorery  of  Small  Debti  and  De- 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


mmdi  vitbin  the  (Stf  of  ZvndtM  ud 
di«  libcnic*  thereof. 

cfiiL  As  A«i  Pa  tlu  BitaUiibmaiit  of  tha 
Faimen  Bitatc  Society,  Inlamd. 

cUt.  An  Act  to  owbU  the  Ihmdtt  and 
Ptrik  B*ilw«7  Compamj  to  tiki  ■  1mu» 
of  the  Dndeitkkiiig  of  tbe  Dtoidtt  and 
AiinaA  E«flw«y  Oampuiy,  and  to 
amand  the  Acta  relating  to  audi  Oon- 
paniei  reapectivelj. 

dr.  An  Act  for  malchig  a  lUainj  bom 
Pauby  to  Barrkiad,  with  cettain  Bnncb 
BAiliraji  therewith  connected,  to  be 
called  "  The  PauUg,  Barrhiad,  and 
ffiirlft  Bailway." 

cItL  An  Act  to  nuke  a  Deiiatlan  in  the 
anthoiiied  Line  of  the  ifandititer,  Bia^ 
to*,  MaOoek,  and  Midland,  JuKtian. 
Bulway,  tagether  with  a  Braneb  to 
BaktKidL 

elrii.  An  Act  to  amend  the  Acti  rela^g 
to  the  Extler  atid  ExmotOK  Railway 
CompaDy. 

cItju.  Ad  Act  (0  enable  the  Qrtal  ICcXena 
EailwBj  Company  to  cotntcuct  a  Loop 
Line  from  tbe  A'nniN^tmii  and  Otfoid 
/■NcfMHt  Bailway  through  ti>e  Town  of 
LtatnimgUm  ;  and  for  other  PurpoeeL 

clii.  An  Act  to  confer  additional  Powen 
on  the  Onat  WeiUr*  Bailway  Com- 
pany with  refsence  to  an  ABnement  of 
the  Twelfth  of  iPocmicr,  1816,  for  the 
f  ORbue  by  them  of  tbe  iJimia^Aan 
attdOj^ordJitulion,  and  Birmingham, 
Wolverliaiiiptim,  and  DtLdity  Railway). 

elx.  An  Act  to  enabls  the  Edinbnn/h  and 
Olatgou  Bailway  Coinpan;  to  hold 
Shane  in  the  Bdinimrgk  and  BaAgaU 
Bulway  Company ;  and  fin  other  Poi^ 

tljii.  An  Act  tor  tbe  mora  efiectnally 
paTing,  lighting,  watching,  dnining, 
cleannng,  and  otharwiie  improring  tbs 
Town  and  Neighbonrhood  of  WabaU  in 
the  County  of  SU^ord,  foi  improving 
tbe  Harkeli,  and  for  the  bellar  auew- 
ing  the  Poor*!  Batei,  Highway  Batei, 
ChoTch  Balai,  and  other  Local  Batea 
within  the  FacUh  of  HUioff  in  tbe  nid 

tkiL  An  Act  for  gtaiting  further  Power* 
to  tbe  Cltrlitni€4lt  ImprarnDcnt  Com- 


PRIVATE  ACTS, 

PrinUd  by  tJte  Queen'i  PrinUr, 
and  whereof  the  Printed  Copiet 
mai/  be  given  in  Evidmee. 


Oteba  I«odi  of  the  Pariih  of  Oman 

in  tbe  County  of  Loiutrt. 

2.  An  Act  for  antboriung  tbe  Tnulen  of 
Ibc  Will  of  the  late  Catntady  Pollarftti. 
Bamlyn  Beqaire,  under  the  Direction  of 
the  Conrl  of  Chancery,  to  poll  down  tbe 
Maniian  or  Dwellin^Hoou  at  Paidioe 
in  the  Connty  of  Dtaon,  Part  of  the 
BttatM  deviKdby  tbe  eaid  Will,  and  to 
rebuild  the  mno,  and  to  raite  Honey  frir 
thoae  PurpoMi  by  Uottgaoe  of  tha  nid 
BatBtee;  and  for  making  Pioviiion  for 
tha  Payment  of  the  Principal  Itoniee  n 
railed  ;  and  for  other  Fnrpoiea. 

S.  An  Act  for  mnfinning  an  Biebange  of 
certain  Landa  in  tbe  Pariah  of  Willoa  in 
tha  Connty  of  Sonurtd,  heretofore  Part 
of  tha  Angmentation  of  the  Perpetnal 
Cnracy  of  Hill  Bi,kap$  otherwiae  B\- 
Oopi  BuU  in  the  nnte  County,  for 
certain  I^nda  in  the  Pariah  of  Std^- 
intha  aameCounty  ;  and  for  other 


flTvee  intha 


them  to  complete  the  new  Street 
tbe  ImproTementa  connected  therewith, 
cUik  An  Act  to  pnnde  Ibc  the  Swiatm? 
ImiioTemcnt  of  the  City  o(  LmtUm  and 
tbe  lUwrtiea  thereof  and  for  the  better 
ering,  paTing,  tnd  ligbl- 


Vwi.  XC. 


4.  An  Act  to  anthoriie  the  Sale  to  the 
Bight  HoDounble  Otorgt  Barry  Earl  of 
Slaafotd  and  Warrington  of  certaia 
Freehold  and  Leaaehold  HerediUuneata 
in  tbe  County  of  StUon  deviud  by  tbe 
WUI  of  Pollf  Hall  Widow,  deceaeed, 
and  for  direcUng  the  Inreatment  of  the 
Purehaie  Honey  in  other  Heredhs- 
menta,  to  be  aetUed  in  like  Manner. 

5.  An  Act  to  anthoriie  Chant*  in  Fee  tad 
Leaaea  for  Long  Term*  of  Tear*,  for 
Building  Pnrpoaea,  of  the  denied  Balale 
of  Jo\n  Ntwton  Eaquire,  deceaaed,  li- 
tuate  at  Gvrlon  in  the  Pariah  of  Man- 
ekttltr  in  the  County  of  Lanaultr. 

8.  An  Act  for  enabling  Bald,  Leaeea,  and 
Hortgana  to  be  made  of  certain  Batale* 
in  the  County  of  York,  beretofon  be. 
longing  to  .^oAs  Fidlerton. 

7.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Tmitee*  of  the 
Will  of  Edward  Jatop  tbe  elder  to  aelt 
the  BfUtea  deTiiedhy  «neh  Will,  and  to 
lay  out  tha.  Honey  to  ariaa  ibereftoni  in 
the  Fnrehaae  of  olbec  Balatea  under  the 
Direction  of  the  Court  of  Chaneeir. 

8.  An  Act  for  enabling  IiCMea  and  Salw 
to  be  made  of  an  &tate  at  Btrion  in 
tha  Pariah  «f  Bra^ml  in  tbe  Oonntf 


822        ANNUAL    REGISTE  B,  184a 


of  Tbnl,  idita  upon  tba  Tnuli  sf  the 
Will  of  Jnmi  B%dfm  iaortrntA. 

9.  An  Act  to  mabla  Sir  William  Miller 
of  Olmitt  kA  BarttirKiKing,  BuoiMl, 
Heit  af  Batftil  in  ponfnion  o(  the  Luidi 
»d  BattiM  of  GUidel,  Bardiimmittg, 
and  Bthan,  Ijing  in  tbe  Stemnrf  at 
KirhauUiTight  «nd  County  of  Ayr,  to 
auhuig*  ontain  FoctMni  of  tha  nid 
BMal««,  ad  to  (dl  cntun  Partatlianor, 
ht  tbe  Fajmant  tnd  ExtiMtioB  of  the 
Debt*,  OUigatiMM,  and  BordcM  abct- 
ii^thawna, 

10,  An  Act  ittt  ineorpontiiig  the  OvTaman 
and  Tnctcu  of  tbe  united  CWritiaa  of 
JVottoMsJ  WaUrtumtt,  appointed  by 
virtua  of  an  Act  pawed  ia  tha  Berm- 
teenUi  Tmt  of  tke  Beiga  of  King  Gttrgt 
Um  Tbild,  intitslad  A»  Attfnr  inutiHf 
and  hOr  rtgul^itf  dtt  Ckaritin  if 
NaUianid  Walerboiue  inlU»  At  Tomt 
and  PanUA  i^  Eali&x  »  Ott  Wat 
Riding  qf  Ikt  Cinatly  o/  York;  and 
amendii^  the  Fewen  ud  FnTiiioBa  of 
tlia  nid  Act,  wad  gnnting  other  Powers 
■nd  FroTioani  cniUing  the  Qomnors 
and  mnataea  of  tbeaaid  nniled  Cbariliei, 


and  ta  ccnEfiB  Ibe  BniUii«  liMaa  of 
IDch  landi,  and  for  EodoniM  of  a 
nsvBcdemwticalDiMtkt;  aadisolkr 

11.  An  Act  for  rrliding  cstain  Fovera 
af  >a  Act  paaaad  in  the  Kgblh  Tear  of 
the  Beigii  of  Her  pnaiMit  Hajeatj",  in- 
tituled A»  Attjar  tmimryiag  tktPomm 
eanlaintd  in  tto  fft/f  of  fiir  John  Bii 
den  Barmul,  dtuai^,  to  framt  Lmtm 
ig  du  Btmiitamtnti  in  Ac  Towmdn^ 
if  Enddenfield,  Hmler,  Daltaa,  and 
Almondbmy  dreittd  iy  nek  Will,  auf 
fir  Mtr  Pwrjuna,  to  tlie  Hereditamcala 
in  the  Pariihea  of  AhnrnMnry,  Kirt- 
imbin,  and  Huidtr^uld  cofDjoiaed  in 
the  Settlement  made  on  the  Haniaga  of 
^»ln  Ow^  Anudm  Eiqnin!,  deecued; 


<  the 


giauliup  a 


laBiclMueaof 
itMteoOvLi 


iiata,fell 

_..  d  efEut  ImptoTenanta ;  and 

for  regolating  tha  Ainbtatjan  of  tha  Be- 
TCnnea,  Benti,  and  Incooio  of  tke  wid 
Itilatra.  and  enlarging  llie  cWilable 
Dm*  of  tlw  nid  CharitiM;  and  for 
other  FwpOM*  tawteiwiag  tha  nme. 
11.  An  Act  to  ptonia  be  tha  betta  Ad- 

Faiiah  of  Bandiaeh  in  the  Cosnty  of 
Ckmltr,  and  tha  Diatiibntian  of  the 
Income  thereof,  and  for  Ttaling  the 
EMatet  and  Prepertj  bdoi^ing  to  the 
Ohaiitiea  in  new  Traatm,  and  to  enable 
tha  Tnulaea  to  grant  Leuea  of  the 
Ohaii^  Balalea;    and  tor  other  Poo 

13.  An  Act  In  alter  and  amend  an  Act 
[WMed  in  the  Bigbth  and  Ninth  Tears 
of  the  Bsip  <rf  Her  r«ncnt  lUjestjr,  fiir 
enabling  tha  Tnstees  of  the  Will  of 
Fnmdt  late  I>ake  of  Bridgmaltr  to 
cany  into  execatlaa  e«atan  Artidea  of 
ApwBant  cntend  into  bj  th<m  vith 
tha  Bight  UoBoonhla  FrameU  Mgtrten 
maw  Bui  of  jrrrn«iiii 

18.  An  Act  te  tha  Sale  of  the  Qlebe 
landi  beloaginatDthe  Beator;  of  WooU 
witk  and  the  Pariah  CbiiRh  of  Smint 
Mmrg  WvAieiA  in  the  Oemttj  of  feM, 


Jluildiiij  Leaaea  for  NineC^-ni 
of  Faru  of  the  Tnut  Batatas  of  tbe  WiU 
of  the  Ute  CkarUt  S/Aeri  BbtmiUl 
B»]aire,  iitaate  in  tha  PariAea  ef  Sobs, 
Walttm  «■  Ui  Bai,tzii  A'ortt  Jttett  in 
the  County  of  Zouaitar,  and  ta  laaaa 
Waste  Uuda  and  Coal  and  other  Mines, 
and  to  exchange  ctrtaiii  delaebed  and 
Inlermiiad  Laada,  other  Faita  of  the 
nid  Trut  Batatea. 

IS.  An  Act  Ibr  grantiof  Baildipf  akd 
other  InpTOToient  Leases  of  the  fiettled 
Bilstea  of  the  B^ht  HonoonUe  Ota^ 
AuffuiHit  FrmUridt  (Aorld  Bui  rf 
aH^Ud,  dtnate  in  tbe  Parities  of  JWp 
Jtaim  and  Biiiopilent  b  the  Coanty  of 
SutHX. 

IT.  An  Ad  to  amaad  a  Bettlement  made 
by  tha  Hsit  HoDoonbla  the  Harqwn 
and  Marchionesi  of  Lirndondtny  and 
the  HoBom^iU  Viaeonnt  StaJuim;  and 
far  other  Pnrpoaea  tbernn  mentjaaiad- 

18.  An  Act  far  eoaa|»a>iug  colain  Snts 
and  Chums  aAeti^  Parts  of  the  Bflates 
of  the  kto  HaifWn  af^frinna,  and  for 
aettUi^  certain  Landa  intennized  -with 
Farts  of  raehBstatea. 

1>.  Ad  Act  (or  Teating  the  Two  andliMed 
8iith  Shacaa  of  ClrittopAtr  Aldimtn,  a 
Lnnatic,  and  Mary  Aldaton  Spinattt'i  a 
Psnon  of  muoood  Mind,  n  Tve  of  the 
Biz  Children  of  Ob-utopAsr  AUmtn 
Aldtno*  deceased,  in  oertain  Freehold 


Sharee  are  now  vested,  npaa  Knat  lor 
Bale. 
30.  An  Act  to  alter  sod  amnd  wtain 
Powen  of  leaaing  contaiimd  in  the  last 


PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS.  328 

Will  and  TcMament  of  the  btte  Hott  34.  An  Act  to  diHolTB  the  Ifimige  of 

HoDonnbtB  JoAu  CricUon  Sliiart  lf«r-  Edteard  SauagtSt(i'aii»  ■milh  dutrletU 

qua  at  BaU  UJ   ttA  of  AufAiM  Fraiua  A%n  Bmage  Ml  ncnr  Wih, 

dcuaaed.  (ad  to  aiable  him  to  man?  agsin ;  «Dd 

21.  An  Act  fei  iltcTiiig  ao  Act  made  and  ibr  otluT  Parpofo*. 

rSMed  in  the  Seaaion  of  Pailianwnt  held  2S.  An  Act  to  diiaoWe  the  Hairiaga  of 

m  the  Mintb  and  Tenth  Tean  of  the  Seiert  Sfdtatie*  Kaqoite  mth  fVamtt* 

B*^  of  B<*  pt*aaBt  Ma>a7  QDcom  JTutiibon  hii  nov  Wifa,  and  la  enabb  ' 

Vittaria,  ttt  eMiUiiis  tb«  MaMen  and  him  to  marrr  again ;  and  tot  otbet  Fnt- 

Bnthrenof  lheHo^talaf.Sam/Jfary  paata  tbcrdn  BwntiaiMJ. 

lit  Ftr^  within  the  Borsagh  of  JT^r-  26.  An  Act  to  dtndre  the  If  aniage  of  the 

eaitle-BfXnk-Tjnu  to  grant  Iieuea  <£  thtnr  EeTeiend  Frtdtrict   Onuitr  I/tgard 

Bitatea;  and  for  other  forpoata.  Otrt  whh  G'niw  iVv*  in^rd  hit  now 

22.  An  Act  for  Ae  Belief  of  the  Bight  Wifr,  and  to  enaUebini  to  many  again; 
Honaorabla  Suiiard  Bad  ef  Oltngalt,  and  be  other  Parpnwi. 

in  reipect  of  hia  BHalei  in  the  Countin  27.  An  Act  to  dinolTe  the  Hamaga  of 

of  Walerfonl  and  Tippinny  In  InUud,  WiUiam  Jtrni,  a  Captain  in  the  FDrq^ 


tai  Begunent  if  Btufat  ITatrre  Id- 
17,  and    Pajmaatet    and   Snperin- 


Tniiteea  for  e&ectbg  mch  Belief.  ^oy,  ' 

tendent  of  NotiTe  FeuiooEnmiaTTiii 

PRIVATE   ACTS,  por.  in  the  ProTince  of  JhogiU  in  1 

„  ,  MaM  India,  in&  If arf  Amelia  idtm 

Not  printed.  Wife,  and  to  enable  him  to  many  »g« 

2S.  An  AetfbrtheBeetitationinBIoodof  tod  lor  other  Fmpoaet  theian   nu 

WiUian  Cntlable  JTnnwU  Baquice.  tiemi. 


b,GoogIc 


ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848. 


PEICES   OF  STOCK  IN  EACH  MONTH  IN  1848. 
Highest  akd  Lowest. 


% 

il 

it 

8- 

ii 

ii 
is 

ii 

ii 

ii 

S3 

ii 

ii 

ii 

3iS 

ill 

58  1 

n 

SI- 

li 

8" 

ii 

not 

ii 

ii 

ii 
as 

ii 

82 

ii 

82 

ii 

82 

it 

ii 

$3 

ill 

a 

SI 

u 

1' 

Is 

sa 

1^ 

i3 

m 

ii 

g|S 

Sf 

5l 

n 

ss 

ss 

?s 

ss 

?s 

f? 

£? 

SI 

sr 

sf 

S8 

il 

es 

' 

5i 

s? 

ss 

:r 

S  i 

H-: 

S5 

..- 

i 

.. 

S!? 

sfsr 

s» 

Sif 

SS' 

IS 

.ff 

.» 

US 

BSI 

[ 

u 

sS 

si' 

xS 

iS 

H 

s5 

^ 

5s 

Kg 

S3 

III 

!l 

m 

ss 

Sa 

ts 

i? 

IS 

s5 

ss 

ss 

si 

£S 

r. 

11 

ss 

tn 

fa 

^ 

5s 

sa 

S3 

6f 

s? 

aS 

5S 

ii 

11 

il 

IS 

3S 

ss 

s| 

SI 

15 

sf 

IS 

S3 

IS 

Si 

1 

j 

1 

} 

i 

i 

1 

} 

1 

-^ 

: 

1; 

:.=.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 

AVEEAGE  PRICES  OF  BRITISH  CORN. 


FSOU  THS  BETVBKS. ' 


yn«. 

BbIt. 

OUM. 

Rt.. 

Bmim. 

p™. 

la 

50 
4» 
51 
40 
40 
fit 

61 
fiS 

48 

d. 
5 
10 

4 
7 
4 
10 
1 
0 
0 
4 
3 
» 

SO 

as 
ao 

32 

34 
SO 
20 
SO 
34 
33 
34 
32 

21 

22 
SO 
10 
21 
90 
20 
20 
23 
21 
SO 
10 

0 
11 

11 

10 

2B 
32 
2S 
28 
27 
31 
31 
30 
34 
33 
30 

ae 

d. 

2 

4 
0 

10 
0 
7 
0 
1 
0 
0 

10 
0 

» 
37 
36 
83 
33 
37 
36 
36 
33 
33 
38 
31 

d. 

1 
10 

2 

a 

8 
8 
6 
2 
0 
4 
1 
1 

*.      .£ 
46      4 
48    11 
ao    10 

36  11 
33      3 
38      0 

37  3 
85    11 

38  1 
43      2 
40      fl 

39  fl 

Pebl^ 

sfc^...::::::::::;:::; 

jj, ::..:, 

J"'! ■- 

seSembii":::"::: 

AVERAGE  PRICES  OF  HAY,  STRAW,  ft  CLOVER,  V  LOAD. 


"■'■{f 

^ 

„. 

Uu. 

.^ 

lUj. 

Jiw. 

•"■ 

Abi. 

«.|o. 

NO,. 

D^ 

75 

74 

55 

75 

80 

75 

00 
70 

So 

80 

45 

80 

"24" 
29 

ffi     60 
74     7S 

73 

73 

='-{'r 

24 
30 

24 
S8 

23 
29 

S8 
30 

26 

ao 

80 
95 

24 

SO 

24 

80 

26  1  24 
30  [  S8 

22 

28 

22 
28 

c-Cf 

70 
OS 

75 
05 

75 
95 

75 
100 

80 
90 

75 
100 

75 
100 

75     70 

70 
97 

70 
94 

AVERAGE  PRICES  OF  BUTCHERS'  MEAT. 
Average  Prices  per  Stone  of  81be.  in  Smithfield  Uariut,  in  1848. 


JanuvT  ... 
FebruuT... 
Hircb ...... 

X 

BmC 

..».. 

Veal. 

P.rt. 

3    6^ 
8    4 
3    2 
3    2 
3   0 

2  10 

3  2 
3    2 
2    6 
2    4 
2    fl 
a  2 

1.     d. 

to  5    0 
..4    6 
..4    4 
..4    4 
..4    0 
..4    0 
..4    4 
..4    2 
..4    0 
..4    0 
..4    2 
..4    2 

K     d.        t.     4. 

3    8  to  S    0 
8    8  ...  6    6 
8    8  ...  3    4 

3  10  ...  6    4 

4  0  ...  6    2 
8  10  ...  6    0 
3  10  ...  6    0 
3  10  ...  5    0 
3    4  ...  5    0 
3    2  ...  4  10 
3    0  ...  6    0 
3    0  ...  5    0 

f.    A           J;      A 

4    a  to  6    fl 
4    4  ...  5    fi 
4    0  ...  5    0 
4    0  ...  6    0 
3  10  ...  6    0 
3    4  ...  4    2 
3    fl  ...  4    a 
3    6  ...  4    6 
3    3  ...  4    0 
3    2  ...  4    0 

3  4  ...  4    4 

4  0  ...  6    0 

1.    d.         1.     A 

4    0  to  6    0 
4    0  ...  6    0 
4    0  ...  6    0 
4    0  ...  6    0 
4    0  ...  6    0 
3  10  ...  4   a 
3  10  ...  4    fl 
3  10  ...  4    6 
3  10  ...  fi    0 
3  10  ...  4  10 
8  10  ...  4    8 
3  10  ...  4    8 

E.:::::: 

November. 
December. 

ANNUAL    REGISTER.  1848. 


PRICES   OF   STOCK  IN  KAOH  MONTH  IN   1848. 
Highest  amp  Lowest. 


% 

it 

ii 

ii 

8- 

ii 

ii 

3S 

ii 

ii 

ii 

3S 

ii 

S8I 

41 

98 

ii 

«3 

ii: 

11 

ii 
s- 

ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 
as 

ii 

ss 

ii 

S2 

ii 

32 

ii 

3S 

ii 

ii 

II 

%t 

m 

«■ 

Is 

^i 

g^ 

^i 

Ii 

ii 

gS    SI 

H 

a 

ss 

n 

iTs 

i's 

?s 

^ 

sS 

?i 

Jf 

rf 

11 

ss 

:■: 

?. 

se 

-- 

a  : 

?; 

Sf 

1 

A 

ss 

?; 

vss 

5« 

ss 

ss 

ars 

.S 

oS 

ss 

ss 

?8 

;: 

a 

s? 

sf 

f? 

m 

fs 

s^ 

^ 

5s 

sS 

ss 

If 

!l 

U 

ss 

Jf 

^ 

!^ 

2Z 

s? 

ss 

5? 

Sa 

ES 

^ 

1 

ss 

ti 

as 

sf 

S3 

SS 

S3 

ss 

IS 

sS 

sr 

S! 

11 

if 

is 

ss 

IS 

sf 

m 

is 

IS 

IS 

ss 

|S 

§8 

1 

1 

1 

S 

• 

i 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

-J.- 

! 

"=  i 

,=,G 

oog 

c 

PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.  326 

AVERAGE  PRICES  OF  BRITISH  CORN. 


?BOH  THE   BETUBNB.  ' 


Wtuu. 

B«hT. 

OtU. 

Ry* 

B«uu. 

P<w. 

as 

52 
50 
49 
51 
48 
4D 
51 
55 
51 
52 
48 

a 

10 
10 

9 

«. 

ao 

32 
30 
32 
«* 
80 
20 
20 
34 
33 
34 
32 

± 

e 

4 
5 
2 
1 
10 
0 
10 
10 
4 
I 
1 

t. 

21 
22 
20 
10 
21 
SO 
20 
20 
23 
21 
20 
19 

*. 
S9 
32 
2B 
SS 
27 
91 
31 
30 
34 
33 
30 
28 

J. 
10 

«. 

30 

as 

33 
37 
36 
36 
33 
S3 
38 
31 

i:      J. 
46      4 
48    11 
80    10 
30    II 
33      3 

ae    0 

37  3 
35    11 

38  1 
42      2 
40      « 

39  3 

fbiSSt:::::::::::: 

AVERAGE  PRICES  OF  HAY,  STRAW,  ft  CLOVER,  r  LOAD. 


^J.{^ 

Jo. 

«. 

Hv. 

ApcU 

M.». 

fUM 

"'■ 

ADf. 

^lo. 

.„. 

- 

50 
75 

74 

55 
75 

80 

00 
75 

70 

50 
80 

45 

80 

"24" 
20 

4^lib 
74  1  72 

iri"24" 

30     38 

79 
28 

is 
79 

"^ 

28 

B^i'T 

24 

ao 

24 
S8 

23 

SO 

28 
3D 

28 

80 
05 

24 

29 

24 
90 

ClOTwl*^ 

70 
OS 

75 
95 

75 
05 

75 
100 

80 
OO 

75 
100 

75 
100 

75     70 
100     96 

70 
07 

70 

04 

AVERAGE  PRICES  OP  BUTCHERS'  HEAT. 
Average  Prices  per  Stone  of  6  lbs.  io  Smithfield  Ma^t,  in  1848. 


fe"=,;:: 

Mud....... 

X 

^ 

Huu«. 

V-.. 

P.^ 

<.     4. 

3  e 

3    4 
3    3 
3    2 
3    0 
3  10 
3    3 
3    3 
2    6 
2    4 
2    6 

a  3 

..J  J 

..4    0 

"4    2 
..4    2 

t.     d.        t.     It. 

3    8  to  5    0 
3    8  ...  5    6 
3    8  ...  &    4 

3  10  ...  5    4 

4  0  ...  5    2 
3  10  ...  5    0 
3  10  ...  5    0 
3  10  ...  5    0 
3    4.. .5    0 
9    3  ...  4  10 

a  0  ...  5  0 
a  0  ...  5  0 

a  10!! 

5    8 

t,   A         4.     A 

4    0  Id  5    0 
4    0  ...  5    0 
4    0  ...  5    0 
4    0  ...  6    0 
4    0  ...  5    0 
3    0  ...  4    6 
3    0  ...  4    6 
3    0  ...  4    6 
3    0  ...  5    0 
3    0  ...  4  10 
8    0  ...  4    8 
3    0  ...  4    8 

JZ::::::: 

Augiut  .... 
SeiKemtwi. 
Oaober.... 

326        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

ScnauBT  of  the  Wekklt  TABLES  of  MOBTALITT  m  the  Meteo- 
8  for  1848. — PubUtked  by  Authority  of  th«  ReffiMtrar  Oftieral. 


M-..^?r:^'!"'-«,«, 

NirjUU  OP  DEAIHa  SxauTEKKD  w  TBI       1 

s 

3 

3L 

s. 

Twt, 

nD>TL 

■ID.T* 

«!»?■. 

VIDiTi. 

WD^i. 

1 

NH 

IMS 

1 

i 

S 
S 

1  BjmsEEE 

ffi 

S 

H 

B 

E 

r 

s: 

ss 

Si; 

s 

IX. 

am 

"  1 

MAKKUGEa,  BiBTHB,  and  Deaths,  id  the  Years  1838 — 1848, 
in  Emglami). 


KM      U 


I    ItM       IM   I   t>M    I    MM 


t,M»liajuliti 


...,_7  IB.IW  lti,«Ntm.««  IU,Mt  in«18  IM, „ , 

W  J«7 Nw.m  U1,M3  Sll.Ut  SnjX  W  JU  HO,7ttiH3,m  '!?».— 

sa.TBS  33MM  sM,«e7  Ma.MT  Ms.ns  »e,u9  imm)  i«.Mts»,su 


Total  Numlwr  of  BANKBUPTB  and  Declabatioss  o 
INSOLVENCY. 


IM*. 

E«CUIM. 

M^ 

SeotlBl. 

TauL 

Uu^^twicT. 

Si 

M9 

S 

n 

.s 

! 

31 

1 

Sffisr 

!          S 

JJlil 

w> 

7 

METEOROLOGICAL  TABLE  FOE  1848. 


»-. 

•.„„^ 

^ 

lUn. 

u^ 

HVM 

.-.-. 

•wr 

Umi* 

«■ 

JSSS.'SiS 

„— 

wm 

21! 

M4( 

10111 

4rs 

U»1) 

IM 

Si 

siw. 

S.W. 

T 

PUBLIC     DOCUMENTS. 


327 


UNIVERSITY   HONOURS. 


UNIVEBSITY  OF  OXFORD. 

EXAUINATIONS.    Tuu,— Paschal,  1848. 

Jn  LUerit  Svmaitioribus. 


Ci.Asais  I. 

Fisber,  Herbert  W.     OirUl  Church. 
Kanlake,  William  H.     BaaioL 
Ogle,  Richird  J.     Lincabi. 
P^in,  Edward.     SL  Jah*-t. 
Parry,  Edward  St.  J.     BaBial. 
Slowe,  Willlim  K.     Wadiam. 
Stubba  Wiiliuo.    CHritt  Chunh. 

CLAtna  a. 


e,  JobD  H. 
Colljns,  Jobn  H.     Chril  CInrch. 
Coi,  Joaepb  M.     LoictAi. 
Hall,  Edward  D.     Ptmlm^ 
Hunt,  Georii^  W.     Chritt  Chareh. 
Irrine,  Alexander  C.     Eitttr. 
Uwley,  Hod.  Fnmoi*  &     BaBoL 
MacliODC»chie,  Alexander  H.     Wal&aM. 
Morri),  William.     OrUL 
Pbilpot,  WillUoi  B.     WorctMltr. 
Poulter,  Brownlow.    yho  CcOtgt. 
ShuUlenortb,  Phillip  U.     CAriK  Chunk. 
StilliDgOeet,  Heoiy  J.  W.    Bnumoti. 
Winder,  John  S.     OrUL 
Wood,  Menr;  H.     Qutm-a. 

C1.ASBIB    HI. 

fiarler,  Tlioiaag.  QiuaCt. 
"BayXtj,  Henry  E.  Corpus. 
Blaekelt,  Monlague.  Chrid  Church. 
Cnpper,  John  L.  WadhaoL, 
Cotdwell,  William  E.  C3aUt  Church. 
Feanon,  Samuel.  QueeiCt. 
Fox,  Edmrd.     Nea  CoBtge. 


Gale,  btae  S.     Wadham. 
Out,  Frederick  B.    Zmeelm. 
Hillju',  William,  J.  H.     Srattnote. 
HulloD,  Bobcrt  R.     TVnt^. 
Jonei,  Darid.    Bratamii. 
Kendall,  Walter.     Oriel. 
Knight,  ValentiM  C.     Urueern^. 
Langbome,  Thomas.     St  Johit't. 
Mann,  Henr;  W.     Chritt  Church. 
Konit,  William  F.     TrvUly. 
0<ren,  Edward.    Jttia. 
Poole.  AlA«d.     SI.  BdmrnJ-s  Bdl. 
Poole,  SemueL     I'aiitroht. 
Powlei,  Henry  C.     Orid. 
Slanle;,  Edward  J.     Oaut  Chtrth. 
Wriliami,  Philip.    Ifm  CkUegt. 
Wilaon,  Anhiur  C.     Chritt  Ohtrdl. 

CLAf  MS  IT. 

Barrow,  John  S.     WaJkam. 
Bliydi,  Henry  C.     Corput. 
De  PutroD,  Peter.     Pcmbroht. 
Egerton.  Hon.  A.  F.     ChriMi  Church. 
Frnch,  Hatton  E.  H.     Chritt  Church. 
GamseT,  Henry  E.  F.     Magdaku. 
Hill,  Alexander  S.     Extler. 
Macray,  William  D.    Magdalm. 
PapilloD,  Philip  O.      Univertity. 
Plumptre,  Robert  W.     Umtitrtibf. 
Robini,  Cbulea  M.     OritL 
Tilling,  Thomat.    ZijuxU. 
Utermack,  Chorlec    Extttr. 


In  DiicipUnU  MathematicU  it  Pkyncit. 
Classu  t.  I  Clauis  n. 


,  ..ooglc 


328       ANNUAL    REGISTEB,    1848. 


Rich,  John.    Chrit  Ckardi. 
Stubttt,  Williun.     Chriit  CAhtcL 

Claiiw  it. 
Hulbnt,  George  A.     Trinity. 


Ingilbjr,  Henry  D. 
Mitber,  Edwwd  L.     Bnataat. 
TiDk,  Cbvlea  P.    BitUr. 
Ulermarck,  Cbwla.     ExtUr. 
WiUoQ,  Arthur  C.    ChrUt  ChvA 


BUetam,  Rowtand  L.^.    Aos  CoStgt, 
Co«,  Georse  W.     TViiu^. 
Dut,  Chariea  L.   Ertttr. 
Edmrde*,  Stepbeo.     MirtoK. 
FoMer,  Frederic  W.    Trinttr. 
Onnt,  Aleunder.    BoBioL 
PUHion,  John  C.    BoSioL 
Smith,  Ihh  G.     TViiM^. 
While,  Lewii  B.     Qua'*. 
WiUii,  CbirlM  P.    Corjna. 

Claibis  iu. 
Aitken,  Charlei  S.     Si.  JtAn't. 


Examintn. 
.  Ptke.  W.  Hedley.  G.  ButUe. 

EXAMINATIONS.     Tbbm,— Michabuia8,    1848. 
In  lAterii  Humaniorihut. 

Bubb,  Williun  H.     WmOtam. 
Fort,  Chutei.    Cerput. 
Freer,  Williun  T.     TWh^. 
Kennird,  Robert  B.     Si.  Jolm'M. 
Poirell,  Edmuod.     LineoU. 
RotloD,  Williun.     Wadlkam. 
Sbuid,  Thomu  H.  R.     Braiatot. 
SideboUom,  Alfred  K.     CArut  OmiA. 
SUnton,  Chulet  H.     Boffioi 
Turtell,  Henry  J.     Lmcoiti. 
Wharton,  Joaepb  C.     Worcattr. 

CUSBII   IV. 

Buimgirtner,  Chariei  A.  O.     Orid. 
Cbuifey,  WiUiui  H.    Si.  Mary* B-^ 
Eniw,  Gowen  E.    Lincoln. 
Hunpden,  Bdirard  R.    Ano  Im  EJL 
Heebi,  John.     Qutat't. 
Partinion,  Chulea  L.     BnutnoM. 
Richudnn,  Williun  B.     Univeratg. 
Venablei,  A.  R.  P.    ExtUr. 


>□.  I  J.  T.  B.  LuidoD. 

In  Diteiplinit  Mathemcfticu  et  Phyiwii. 
Claibib  I.  Clamib  ut. 


Edmrde*,  Slefdten.     JUerlon. 
Etkoi,  Gowen  E.    Laeoh, 
Shuid,  Thomu  H.  R.    finueww*. 
Spencer-  Slanbope,  Wmlter  T.  W.    Oral 
Ckureh. 

Clabbis  n. 

Buhh,  Williun,  H.     Wadiam. 
S-nbj,  Heniy.     Ptmbrokt. 
While,  Lewu  B.     Qutat't. 


Chuiley,  Williun  H.    St.  Manf'l  HA 
Gon,  John.     Si.  Marf'i  Hatt. 
Lawrence,  Junei.    BratmoMt. 
Windle,  WiUiam.    Mogdala^  HaB. 

Clabiis  t. 


W.  Hadity. 

.;,  Google 


PUBLIC     DOCUMENTS. 


UNIVERSITY    OF    CAMBEIDGE. 

EXAMINATIONS.      Uaihbuaticai    Tripos,    1848. 
w^_.>._  S  Geom  O^riel  Stoko,  M.  A,,  PtMnlu. 
x-       -  „  /  'VnilUm  Nithuiiel  Griffin,  M.A.,  St.  JoIm% 


Di.  TodhuDliT JbAa'*. 

KaclMiiiie CVmu. 

Scon SidM^. 

'Bmj»...\      _„        fTVoB*. 
»<«~rtOT  J"     ■**•      1a4»-.. 

Glowr  Jehu'*, 

Twiwlen TWw^. 

Wiiken CaiuM. 

HiunbM. John'*. 

Htnson Caiw> 

Lamb Caiia. 

ClH>. 

QWCH'I. 

1,  Lord  A.  TViatfy. 

TVtiw^. 

'"Z /V«2t"' 

TiiSier.../      '"9-      XOm*. 

Ljde .Jcnu; 

Le«ke. 1        -        (John'*. 

P«««P...J     •*'■     "tA*«'«. 

Scoit,  C.  B.  ■ TVin^. 

Dum Join'*. 

Weitcott- Trini^. 

Btinbridge Oi'iu. 

Dewon Qn*a>'*. 

Noel* TVwfy. 

HcnMOun John'*. 

KoAbj  ^Emmanuti 

Benys Trinity. 

Walwn,  A.E ^ Qmai*. 

Cut  JohC*. 

H*nh TVin^. 

Arnold Conu. 

Chitlon TVtntiy. 

OuringtOD TVnifJr. 

Cddeeolt ^..THmitf. 

Riplej CUm. 

Simior  Optimtt. 

Dt.  CUrk -ftAii> 

Vallinra l^iif. 

Kingmnd  ■ .• John'*. 

Calti Qveat'i, 

Stcpben,  V.  R. John'* 

Blenkiron ChrwC*, 

Gr*TC« John'*. 


Dt.  Lee,  J.  H.  John'*. 

Frort,  P.  •  John-i. 

Kouip John'*. 

Turing TVunfy. 

Hervey C&rc. 

Htrrej John': 

DiU TKinfy. 

StreMfield ChrUCi. 

DeniiM Trimtg. 

Pratt THiti^. 

Dyer EmmamuL 

Grainger Ginii. 

Bleokin CUhi. 

BawliDDHi TrinHf, 

Bum John'*. 

Vmi^msb THin^. 

Adaini  y Trinitg. 

Gee  fi John'*. 

Lee Qaeea'*. 

Allen OiTue*. 

Ronuej...;     ^-      \John'*. 

Mite EmrnamuO. 

Heygale  y Qkmh'*. 

Campbell Qv«m'« 

Fuller CUr*. 

BurreU Ckrite*. 

Dane^  J,  L.  ■ THii^. 

Appacb TVnn^. 

white Ctar*. 

Jtauor  OpCnMf. 

Dt.  Cridge  Pelar'*. 

Jonei  $ CUu. 

Cony 

8<nia 

Taylor. — JtAn'*. 

WoodhMue OiritC*, 

Stanlej' ~..EmmmaaL 

Fenn,  T,  F.  y TVnt^. 

Binder Cana. 

Heath Gyrpu*. 

LeiRfaton Jokn'*. 

Rutland EmwunOLtL 

Hudion  0   Triiatv. 

Kendall Sidntg. 

Smith,  T. QMm'K 

Wilion  W. John'*. 


830       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 


Dt.  LilUe    1         17  r  Sidim. 

W>1bod|        -^        \B!«:Zm^ 

Sound  Cr    Conn. 

SmitfaJ „ QiHo'i. 

Major  •  Jokn't. 

Turner  R.0 7Wm(y. 

.  Hugfaei CorpMM. 

Hunmond 7Vni^> 

Hartin  .._„ „.^«U'«. 

Smflh  TVtai^. 

Bowet  1  r  Cmytu. 

SUn^T  Bod.  \  ^q.  \ 

E.  H.  -      J  L  TrMt). 

BrideewaltT       1  fHagJalai. 

Smitb,  O.  A.  fi  >Xg.\  Thuify. 
Wiglowortb  ■  J  1.  Can*. 

a'n.: Ssv.- 


....TVini^, 

...ClIHIf. 

....TrinHg. 


Classical  Tbipos.     1848. 


"■■»; 

Bo»eU*  

5>i«»- 

;":.5& 

Duent  r 

Hohne      '     ^q. 

Bird  

2W«<y. 

HOWIDD*. 

We*>a  C.  a 

HogbM 

fCknttt. 

wi;"p:";*:::::: 

.....TWnte. 

u^it  ■..::;::: 

«—•«■ 

Jtrft  CIoM. 
Dfc  SooU  C  B.  1     _„ 

M^or 

Fiwt,  P.  

Il>nM,J.  L.    \ 
--     ■  >i,D.J.; 


{Vtmat  Whaley  Huper,  M.A.,  St  Jo*-'*. 
Dt.  Hemie   


r  TVwi^. 
..Ckriitt. 


Kiurfbnl  .-__■—... Jilm't. 

S^kj.  Hon.  £.  a  ...TViaiiy. 

Banr    TVanty. 

WiglMin)itli.___.. Caba. 

Steoad  OoMt. 

Ot.  Vincent, TVwUg. 

Buiih,0.  A TVin^. 

UiHfaan     _ THtHg. 


M.A.,  StJalm-t. 

"  ■      -     Tehi'*. 

_.7V»»^. 

Mtnlon  Cm*. 

Hodgioa   ..^ CW^M. 

Pei^f  Oarpn. 

OunteMn't  MtdalStU. 

C.  B.  ScoK Trhatg. 

B,  F.  WntcoU THb^. 

5ineA'«  PrizoMs. 

L  Todhtnter  Jelafa. 

A.  Bury  7Vn>^. 

Btitt  S<Mar*. 

J.  D.  mUiuu.... „.-..7VMJb. 

O.  Kara   .._.„.„ „.„.7Hd9. 


4       ^,.       { 


Bicbn 


Thmlg. 
Trimtf. 


Tkird  CIm$. 
Di.  Willkmi,  F.  O.  A.  .—.TWat^. 
O-fM  X    „_     rTVmily. 

Fwui,  T.  P.  /  -*»■  t  »Vt«». 


EpigniD*,  H.  C  A.  Tijler    Trnti^. 
•AofOHian  Prin.       No  Prin      "   ' 


Priit. 

C 

A.  P.  Biroh 


lie  wliudged. 


R.  Day ~ „.« Km^». 

R.  Ehria TVM^. 

OtamaMor'w  EiigBik  MmUmtL 
a.  J.  Ctyky TVou^. 


LAW    CASES,    &a 


TRIADS,  LAW  CASES,  &«. 

THE  SPECIAL  COMMISSION— IRELAND. 

THE  feoriiil  state  of  ■wwniiiin  After  the  OnmdJarj  were  smm, 
tion  and  crime  wbich  hod  for  Tb«  Chief  Justice  ftddressed 
some  time  putcoaTOted  the  Boadi-  tbemas  follows: — "  tientlemen  of 
em  oouDties  of  Inland  into  en  Aoel-  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  coanty  of 
daina  (some  of  the  more  etriking  limerick, — You  are  apprized  bj 
incidents  of  which  are  recorded  in  Her  Majesty's  Commiasion,  and 
the  ChroniaU  as  they  ocenrred)  by  the  oath  ;ou  have  taken,  thirt 
reedeied  an  eKtraordinaJT  degree  yon  are  now  about  to  peifonn  your 
of  rigour  on  the  part  of  the  Execn-  part  in  the  administration  of  the 
tire  desiTable,  as  well  £>r  reatoring  criminal  law  of  the  country.  Tout 
confidenoe  and  security  to  the  well-  duty,  at  all  times  of  importance, 
disposed,  aad  to  punish  the  peipe-  most  be  regarded  with  peculiar  io- 
iTstors  of  these  diabolical  acts,  as  terest  and  with  deep  anxiety  at  a 
to  teach  the  Iriah  people  by  ex-  crisis  of  great  public  danger.  Her 
•mples  too  terrible  to  be  mistaken,  Majesty  has  called  upon  her  sub- 
that  the  law  caniKit  be  invaded  jects  to  Bssist  in  rindicating  the 
without  risk,  and  that  ila  punish-  violated  laws  of  the  land,  and  to 
meets  aie  not  only  certun  but  ter^  be  themselTes  the  instruments  of 
rible.  For  this  pnipose,  as  the  restoring  to  the  country  the  bless- 
apeedy  punishment  <a  offendera  is  ings  of  order  and  tranquilli^. 
ever  Uie  most  efiltctual  repreaeioa  That  we  are  in  such  a  crisis  there 
of  crime,  the  Government  directed  is,  unfortunately,  no  reason  to 
a  Specaal  Gommissioii  to  issue  to  doubt.  The  Legislature,  by  an 
try  ofiendera  in  thoae  districts  in  Act  of  Fartiamwt  which  bra  re- 
^lich  the  bonds  oi  social  order  cently  received  the  Royal  Assent, 
were  most  relaxed.  and  become  the  law  of  Ireland, 
T  TTLf  cwTnc-  contains  a  recital  in  these  words  :— 
i.lMJ;,iUUit.  .  Whereas,  in  consequence  of  the 
The  Special  C<»iimissioD  for  t&e  prevalence  of  crime  and  outrage  in 
couD^  of  Limerick  was  opened  by  certain  parts  of  Ireland,  it  is  ne- 
the^^htHonouxableChief  Justice  cessaryto  make  provision  for  the 
Blockbume,  and  the  Right  Ho-  better  prevention  thereof.'  His 
DouraUe  Chief  Baron  Pi^ot,  on  Excellency  the  Lord-Lieutenant 
the  4th  Janaaiy.  A  spemal  jury  has,  in  the  execution  of  tiie  power 
oonaisting  of  scnae  of  th«  pcioopal  eommittad  to  him  by  that  Act, 
remdent  genby  of  the  oonn^  wag  isened  his  proclamation,  with  the 
snramoaed,  and  it  is  a  proof  of  how  advioe  and  assistance  of  the  Privy 
much  confidence  ma  Mstored  by  Council,  by  which  the  whole  of 
themereannoiuNementofTi0on>ns  your  oountr,  together  with  very 
■nessares,  that  all  theae  genUemen  extensive  districts  in  Ireland,  ia 
attoided  without  any  exception.  made  sntgect  to  the  prorisioos  of 


332       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

that  Act,  which  are  now  brndiag  believe  they  are  abetted  by  dot- 
upon  eveiy  inhabitant,  erery  in-  sons  wbo  hope  to  profit  by  their 
mate,  and  every  stranger  vrithm  its  crimes,  and  I  do  believe,  also,  that 
precincts.  Her  Majesty's  Govern-  a  much  larger  number  of  persons 
ment,  on  full  and  mature  consider-  connive  at  their  crimes,  either  in 
ation  of  the  octoal  state  of  things,  the  hope  of  benefiting  in  the  corn- 
has  issued  a  special  Commission,  mon  fund,  or  from  actual  appre- 
inorderthatjusticemaybespeedily  beneionand  terror  they  forbear  to 
administered,  and  that  the  urgency  give  to  the  law  that  support  and 
of  the  case  may  not  be  delated  till  BBSistance  which  it  is  equally  their 
the  ordinary  period  of  administer-  duty  and  interest  to  afford,  and 
isg  the  criminal  law.  This  shoned  that  they  actoallj  contribute  to  a 
thatgreat  danger  existed ;  and,  un-  state  of  things  which  must  end,  in 
less  this  frightful  calamity  could  my  apprehension,  in  their  own 
be  arrested,  the  very  bonds  of  our  sutgugation  to  that  tyranny,  for  I 
social  system  would  be  dissolved,  can   call    it  by   no   other  name, 


The  principal  object  of  the  com- 
bination which  eiista  is  the  de- 
Btmction  of  the  rights  of  the  land' 
lords,  and,  if  it  succeeds,  the  occu- 


which    covers    the   country, 
which  must  involve  all  ii 
misery.    But  there  is  another  class 
of  persons  who,   though  neither 


piers  of  land  will  become  its  pro-  abetting  nor  conniving  at  these 
prietors.  But  the  combination  does  practices,  appear  to  me  not  at  such 
not  confine  itself  to  these  classes,  a  crisis  to  nave  remembered  their 
The  peace  and  property  of  all  in-  bonnden  duty.  I  am  afrud  that 
dividuals  of  all  classes  are  indis-  such  a  state  of  things  as  we  wit- 
criminatelyassailedandplondered,  uess  is  a  decisive  proof  of  apathy 
and,  if  these  pracdcea  be  not  ar-  and  indifference  on  the  part  of  a 
rested  and  prevented,  it  is  impos-  large  class  of  Her  Majesty's  sub- 
sible  to  say  there  can  exist  in  this  jects  irom  whom  activity  and  sup- 
country  either  the  dominion  of  the  port  of  the  law  m^ht  be  fairly  ex- 
law  or  the  safety  of  person  or  pro-  pected.  Persons  of  that  deecrip- 
perty.  lion  are  too  apt  to  complain  that 
"  Gentlemen,  according  to  my  the  law  and  the  Government  have 
means  of  information,  it  does  ap-  not  afforded  them  all  the  assist- 
pear  to  me  that  the  actual  per-  ance  which  it  was  the  duty  and  in 
petratars  of  these  outrages  are  the  power  of  both  to  afTord.  But 
comparatively  limited  in  number,  they  should  recollect  that,  with- 
and  1  believe  their  spirit  is  as  das-  out  the  co-operation  and  assist- 
tardly  as  their  numbers  ere  limited;  ance  of  Her  Majes^'s  subjects, 
and  tbatitrequiresbutasteadyad-  and  which  it  is  their  own  duty  to 
ministration  of  the  law  and  a  de-  Kive,  the  law  must  remain  a  dead 
cided  opposition  by  those  who  valae  fetter,  unexecuted  and  unequal  to 
the  safety  of  person  and  property,  afford  all  that  is  expected  in  re- 
shortly  and  effectually  to  extin-  turn  for  the  protection  which  every 
guish  this  evil.  But  we  can  form  man  in  his  own  sphere,  and  to  the 
a  very  imperfect  idea  of  the  actual  ntmost  of  his  influence,  ought  to 
state  of  the  country  if  we  look  give  to  the  execution  of  the  law, 
merely  to  the  number  of  those  who  and  that  assistance  to  the  preser- 
are  the  actual  disturbers  of  the  virion  of  the  public  peace.  Inoon- 
public   peace.     Unfortunately,    I  sidering   how   far   that   calami^ 


LAW    CASES.  &c. 


nader  which  this  country  hss  by 
the  Providence  of  God  been  lately 
placed  lUBj  have  been  in  any  way 
the  cause  of  these  dreadful  out- 
rages, I  am  bound  here  to  say  that 
the  patience,  the  fortitude,  the  en- 
doring  fortitude,  with  which  the 
calunitf  has  been  submitted  to 
and  borne  by  a  large  part  of  our 
destitate  poor,  appears  to  have  been 
in  general  in  the  highest  degree 
exemplary,  and  I  do  not  find  in  the 
calendar  before  me,  nor,  after  the 
experience  of  the  last  two  circuits, 
have  I  been  able  to  find  a  single 
case  in  which  destitution  or  ms- 
trees  arising  from  the  visitation  of 
God  has  in  the  remotest  degree 
influenced  this  illegal  confederac}, 
or  stimulated  any  of  those  out- 
rages. Gentlemen,  tho  deplorable 
state  of  things  which  has  obliged 
us  to  assemble  has  been  ascribed 
to  various  causes  of  a  social  and 
political  character.  With  the  in- 
vestigation of  those  causes,  and 
with  the  reasonableness  of  these 
opinions,  we  have  now  nothing  to 
do.  We  have  no  power  to  investi- 
gate; no  power  to  redress.  The 
only  redress  which  this  Court  can 
administer  is  redress  to  the  peace- 
able, the  loyal,  and  industrious,  by 
putting  an  end  to  the  system  by 
which  they  are  held  in  thraldom, 
and  by  which  their  property  is 
rendered  insecure  and  their  per- 
sons liable  to  be  assailed  in  all  di- 
rections. 

"  The  law  cannot  tolerate  its  own 
violation.  Wrongs  there  may  be — 
itijuries  and  sufferings  there  may 
be— ell  forming  a  just  ground  for 
complaint ;  but  it  is  perfectly  plain 
that,  however  those  euSeringe  may 
be  aggravated,  they  never  can  be 
alleviated  or  r«dressed  by  a  viola- 
tion of  the  law.  If  there  be  any 
such  who  disseminate  such  an 
opinion,  or  who  give  advice  in  op- 


position to  these  simple  tmtha, 
they  incur  in  my  mind  a  most  se- 
rious responsihUi^ ;  and  in  my 
opinion  the  responsibility  and  the 
danger  of  that  advice  are  not  the 
less  pernicious  when  the  crimes 
are  stimulated  by,  and  the  crimi* 
nal  baa  the  object  of  exciting  the 
commiseration  of  the  public,  than 
if  the  violation  of  the  law  were  in 
express  terms  inculcated  by  them." 
The  Chief  Justice  then  called 
the  attention  of  the  Grand  Jury  to 
the  laws  relating  to  such  offences 
now  in  operation — to  the  White- 
boy  Acts,  the  Arms  Acts,  the  Acta 
relating  to  accessories  and  to  con- 
spiracies to  murder,  and  otlier  sta- 
tutes, and  then  proceeded; — "I 
have  now  called  your  attention  to 
these  several  statutes,  to  show  you 
what  the  crimes  are,  the  punish- 
ments which  attend  them,  and  the 
means  provided  for  preventing 
them.  I  have  not  myself  the  least 
doubt  that  the  exercise  of  these 
powers  will  have  the  effect  of  re- 
storing order  and  tranquillity.  I 
speak  from  very  good  expenence. 
This  is  not  the  first  time  that  con- 
flicts such  as  we  now  witness  have 
taken  place  between  inceudiaries 
and  the  law  of  the  land ;  but  the 
result  has  always  been  the  same— 
the  law  has  ultimately  triumphed, 
and  their  designs  have  been  frus- 
trated. What  has  happened  be- 
foreVill  happen  again.  The  law 
is  the  same ;  nor  is  there  less  zeal 
or  anxiety  on  the  part  of  those 
who  administer  the  law  to  give  it 
effect.  Can  culprits  who  commit 
crimes  hope  for  impunity  when 
those  who  preceded  them  have  be- 
come the  victims  of  their  own  vio- 
lation of  the  law?  Every  person 
who  trusts  to  impunity  will,  sooner 
or  later,  find  tlut  he  has  become 
amenable  to  the  law,  and  may  find 
himself  betrayed  by  his  associatee. 


834       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

and  that  he  )ub  become  the  viotim  Mr.  Biggs  di^wscweJ  the  ^jwm, 

ot  the  treadieTy  of  thoee  in  whom  snd  uaiseeUttel;  ■  boetile  feeling 

ke  has  eonSded.  It  is  now  for  ^mtng  op  between  tfaem  and  Kelly. 
yoa  to  proceed  to  the  diseherge  of    A  complete  lepttnCion,  m  "  cool," 

your  diitiee,   to   the  firm,  &itfa-  took  pkce  between  tb«m,  uid  thqr 

fdl,  uid  tnie  diecharge  of  nhicfa  pMsed  witboot  speikb^  to  eeeb 

■U  hopes  for  the  tmnqaiUi^  (tf  the  other.    On  &e  1 7th  of  September 

ooantrj  are  directed.     I  tnut  that  last,  Midiael  Kelly  was  shot  at  and 

the  result  will  be  each  as  to  realize  wonnded,  but  not  killed.    A  few 

those   hopes,  and  that  we  shall  d«7S  afterwards,  the  ^nd.  John 

eventually  see  the  oonwtry  arreted  Kelly,  the  man  who  was  murdered, 

bom  dishononr,  and  onr  common  andbtothertoMichaelKelljr.theco- 

nature  freed  from  the  disgrace  of  tenant  of  the  Bjans,  was  sitting  at 
mch  atrocities."  -  nigb^dl  in  hia  own  house.  There 
was  a  good  fire  in  the  kitcbw,  and 

January  5th.  ^1,^  inmates  of  the  hoose  on  ttat 

William  Ryan,  alia*  Pock,  one  occasion  were  Jehn  Kelly,  his  wife, 

of  the  most  notorious  and  ill-look-  bis  nephew,  Bboyaboatfonrteenor 

ing  ruffians  that  ever  disgraced  fifteen  yean  of  age,  his  niece,  and 

this  ooontiy,  was  placed  at  the  bar,  a  servant  boy,  also  named  Miirt^""! 

charged  «-ith  the  murder  of  a  man  Kelly.    Abmit  half  an  Iraur  be- 

namsd  John  Kelly,  in  the  month  fore  the  murder,  the  prisoner  and 

of  September  lost,  under  circnm-  another  man,  a  stranger,  were  seen 

Stances  of  peculiar  atrocity.  going  in  the  directkia  of  Kelly's 

The  Court  was  crowded  to  the  bouse  by  a  woman  who  knew  the 

utmost  poenble  extent,  the  culprit  prisoner  well.    The  prisoner  was 

being  known  tbroit^iout  the  whole  not  armed,  bnt  the  etrangra^  eai^ 

of  the  country  as  one  of  the  worst  ried  a  blonderblass.    When  they 

desperadoes  it  ever  produced.  first  saw  her,  they  separated,  but 

The   Attorney-General,    in  hia  after  she  had  pa^ed  they  joined 

address,  said,  Uie  priscmer  stood  again,  and  went  towards  Kelly's 

ebarged  witfa  the  wiltol  and  delibe-  honse.    The  persons  in  the  house 

rate  murder  of  an  unoffending  fel-  heard   footsteps  approaching,  the 

low^nwtnre,  withont  one  particle  dog  outside  began  to  bark,  ai>d  tiiey 

of  proToeation,  and  almost  without  bnrd  a  man  whietling  as   if  to 

a  motive.     The  prisoner  and  his  quiet  him.     It  was  uen   about 

&ther  held  land  at  Knocksantiy,  seven  in  the  evening,  and  almost 

on  the  confines   of  this  coSn^,  immediately  afterwards   the  door 

partly  in  Limerick  and  partly  in  was  opened,  the  prisoner  cane  in, 

Tippenuy,  in  partnerBhip  with  a  and,    vithont    opening  bis    lips, 

person  named  Michael  Kelly,  as  te-  levelled  his  piece  at  John  K^y, 

nantttoaMr.Biggs.  Abouttwelve  and  shot  him  dead  on  the  spot, 

months  since,  Mr.  B^gs  tboaght  Of  the  identity  of  the  mnrdeier 

it  rwfat  to  dinxMseas  the  Ryans,  there  cotild  be  no  donbt,  for  by  the 

^     ■'    IKelly.wboi ^  .,^._..^     ,... 


and  wiriied  Kelly,  who  was  an  in-  ^fat  of  the  fire  he  w 

dnstrions  man,  and  punctual  in  by  everf  person  then  in  the  house. 

his  rent,  to  take  t^  entize  farm.  Immediately  after  the  murder  the 

as  the  IWana,  who  hdd  only  aoma  prisoner  decamped,  and  wM  not 

threeor  four  acres,  were  not  so  MDO-  captnred  until  the  Idtb  (rf  Ofr 

t«al  ia  their  rent     Acooramgly  tober. 

L ,CioOQlc 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.  336 

na  beta,  >s  stated  by  the  Attor-  iherefiire  bo  givm   hare,  eseept 

nej-Gatenl,  were  proved  b;  the  mob  as  maj  appear  to  afibrd  a 

endeneo.  Btrikiog  pictnre  of  the  Btato  of 

Tbeie   waa    one   orcnmsUDce  feeling  amoog  the  peasantry  in 

wntth  mentianiDg  in  rdatdon  to  Ireland.] 

Atf  mnrder.    Only  one  shot  vas  Mr.  O'Hea,   for  the  priamer, 

fired.     The  murdered  man  died  commented  on   the  inconclnsiTe- 

imstantly ;  and,  on  examination  of  nees  of  the  evidence, 

his  body,  it  was  fonnd  to  have  been  The  Lord  Chief  Jnstice  stnnmed 

perfon^ed  by  eleren  bulleta,  one  np  the  evidence,  leaving  it  to  the 

or    two   of  which   afterwards   hit  jnry  to  say  whether  there  waa  any 

the  nephew,  and  wounded  him.  doubt  of  the  prisoner's  guilt. 

The   blunderboaB  which  the  pri-  The  jury,  after  few  minutee'  con- 

Boner  had  at  the  time  of  his  i^  Bultation,    returned  a  verdict  of 

prehension  was  loaded  with  pre-  "  Onilty."    The  prisoner  heard  it 

tamekj  the  same  number  of  bulleta  pronounced  without  the  slightest 

and  of  the  same  deecripUon,  and  evident  emotion. 

in  his  pocket  were  found  eleven  The  prisoner  waa  brought  np  to 

more,  probably  intended  for  a  so-  receive  judgment  on  the  following 

eond  charge.  day.    On  being  asked  whether  he 

[It  is  uaual  and  deairBble  in  an  had  anything  to  say  why  sentence 

aeeount  of  a  trial  to   give  such  of  death  should  not  be  passed  npon 

«    snmmaiT  of    the    evidence  as  him,  he  said  he  had  always  got  his 

suffices  to  show  the  nature  and  living  honestly,  whilst  those  who 

jnrecieion  of  the  testimony  npon  had    been   his   prosecutors  were 

which  the  accused  has  been  con-  stealing  sheep  and  geese ;  that  he 

Yieted.     In   the   instance  of  the  bad  never  eaten  stolen  bread;  that 

trials  under  the  Special  Commia-  he  had  never  bandied  a  gon  in  his 

sion   euch  a  summary  would   be  life ;  that  be  had  never  been  ar- 

not  only  satiefaetory ,  but  interest-  rested  before,  and  was  now  prose- 

ing.     Unfortunately  the  great  ex-  cuted  for  nothing  at  all.     If  he 

test  of  the  '■  HisroaT  "  of  the  pre-  ms  to  die,  the  only  request  he  had 

sent  volume,  and  the  great  length  to  make  waa,   that  he  might  be 

and  importance  of  ue   "  Staxe  buried  with  Ids  parents.    He  viaa 

Tbuls,      contained    in    this  vo-  then  sentenced  to  be  hanged,  which 

hmie,    render    the    omission    of  was  carried  into  execution  <hi  the 

this  part  of  the  cases  unavoidable.  8th  of  February.    This  wretch  is 

This,  however,  ia  to  a  great  degree  said  to  have  been  the  principal 

remedied  by  the  clear  and  impar-  in  nine  murders  in  the  course  of 

till  manner  in  which  the  counsel  last  year. 
tot  the  Crown  stated  the  cases 

•gaJBBt  the  prisoners.    In  fact  the  January  ttk. 
erimee  for  which  these  men  were 

now  pUeed  on  their  trial  were  ao  The  Ooart  next  proceeded  to 

delUwnite.  and  were  perpetrated  so  the  trial  of  a  man  named  WUliam 

rnly,  that  it  only  required  that  Frewin,  a  small,  and  hidterto  coo- 

witnettes  should  be  assured  nderedareiipectable,i>rmer,inthe 

of  security,  to  procure  the  most  neighbmnhood  of  the  spot  where 

direct  and  certain  evidence  of  the  the   mnrder  waa    cominitted   b; 

prieonen'  goilt.    No  evidence  will  Rym,  for  •haltering,  harbouring'. 


336       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848, 

Rnd  endeavoaring   to  defeat  the  some  clotlies  orer  her  Btumldeia, 

endfl  of  justice  hj  screening  Rjan,  came  out  of  her  room  to  the  top  of 

knowiDg  him  to  have  been  guilty  the  stairs.     Bhe  there  saw  two  or 

of  the  murder.    The  general  oir-  three  men  coming  up  stairs,  and 

Gumslaaces  of  the  case  were  stated  immediately  ran  into  another  room. 

oa  Ryan's  trial.  and   got  into   her   aister'a   bed. 

The  prifloner  was  ably  defended  Some  of  the  men  followed  her, 

by  Mr.  O'Hea ;  bat  the  juiy,  with-  and  one  of  them  pat  his  arm  ronnd 

out  any  hesitation,  returned  a  ver-  her,  and  asked  ber  name.    Three 

diet  of  OuUtj/,  and  the  prisoner  or  four  of  tliem  pulled  her  out  of 

was  immediately  sent«noea  by  the  bed — one  of  them  taking  her  by 

Court  to  transportation  for  life.  the  hair  of  the  head.    She  cauf^t 

This  sentence  struck  such  a  ter-  hold  of  the  bed,  and  was  draped 

ror  into  the  peasantiy,  that  they  with  it  to  the  door.   She  then  let  go, 

refused    to    harbour    any    longer  and,  on  the  stairs,  seized  and  held 

criminals  who  were    in    conceal-  fourof thebaluaterB,untiltheygave 

ment,   and   many  WTetohes  were  way.    They  then  forced  her  down 

driven  by  hunger  to  deliver  them-  stairs  to  the  door,  where  a  man, 

selves  up,  and  take  the  chance  of  not  in  custody,  was  standing  wiA 

the  law.  an  umbrella  open  and  a  gnn  in  his 
hand.    Two  of  them  then  put  their 

Six  ill-looking  young  ruffians,  hands  under  her  arms,  and  took 

named  Michael  Lomey,  Jeremiah  ber  away.    She  had  nothing  on 

Gavin,  Michael  Modigan,  Daniel  but  a  frock,  thrown  loosely  over 

Lomey,   Patrick  Gleeson,  all  of  her  shouldeiB,  no  shoes  or  stock- 

whom  appeared  to  be  about  twenty  ings.     They  dragged  her  along  a 

years  of  age,  were  then  placed  at  tlw  fidd  to  a  bog,  and  then  she  racog- 

bar,  charged  with  having  appeared  nised  and  called  some  of  them  by 

in  arms  on  the  14th  of  November  their  names.     [The  witness  here 

last ;  but  the  actual  offence  was  pointed  out  some  of  the  prisoners, 

that  on  that  night  they  attacked  who  politely  bowed   their  heads 

the  house  of  a  respectable  farmer,  in   acknowledgment   of  the  dis- 

nomed  Molony,  and  by  force  car-  tinction.]     They  were  all  armed.- 

ried  hia  daughter   away.    There  She    had    known    the    prisoners 

was  a  separate  indictment  for  the  before,  as  they  all  Uvea  in  the 

abduction,  but  the  former  charge  neighbourhood  of  her  father's,  and 

was  the  only  one  now  proceeded  worked    for    him.      They   after- 

with.  wards  took  her  to  the  house  of 

Catherine  Molony,  the  daughter,  a  Mr.  Cresgb,  a  farmer,  who  was 

a  pretty-looking  girl,  about  nine-  represented  to  be  wishing  to  marry 

teen  years  of  age,  and  whose  ap-  her,  and  on  imploring  him  to  take 

peaiance   and    manner   indicated  her  home  he  did  so.    She  was  oat 

that  the  position  of  her  family  until  half-pest  eight  the  following 

was  very  respectable,  stated  that,  moming.    The  country  was  at  th« 

on    the    nignt   of    Sunday,    the  time    disturbed.      Her    father's 

11th  of  Novemher  last,  about  ten  house  had  been  attacked  before, 

o'clock,  after  she   had  retired  to  They  were  all  found  guil^. 
bed,  she  heard  some  steps  at  the 

door.     A  window  was  biAen,  and  January  Ith. 

riie  then  got  up,  aiid,  throwing  Andrew  Dea  was  this  moming 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,   &c.  337 

tried  for  kjlling  one  Edmund  Mur-  iDstantlj  fled.    Patrick  vras  cap- 

phj ;  the  Court  was  occupied  dur-  turad,  tried,  And  fonnd  ffuilty ;  but 

ing  the  greater  port  of  the  day  in  «s  it  was  proved  that  ne  had  not 

hearing  the  Bickening  details  of  fired  the  pistol  b;  which  Uurphy 

this  most  cold-blooded  murder.  was  killed,  hia  sentence  was  com- 

The  prisoner  is  about  nineteen  muted  from   death    to   transport- 

jears  of  age,  but  looks  considerably  adon  for  life.    The  prisoner  was 

younger.     He  is  of  small  stature,  pursued,    but  was    not   captured 

with  fine  features  and  an  intelU-  until  the  month  of  November.  The 

gent  and   pleasing   countenance,  jury,  without  the  least  hesitation. 

He  evinced  not  the  slightest  emo<  retunied  a  verdict  of  "  Guilty." 

tion.  The  prisoner  beard  the  fearful 

From  the  statement  of  the  At-  announcement  without  moving  a 

tomey- General,   it  appeared   that  muscle  or  the  slightest  change  of 

the  prisoner's   fiither  held  some  countenance.    He  was  hanged  with 

laud  in  the  county  nnder  the  Court  Ryan  on  the  7th  of  Februaiy. 
of  Chancery,  but  in  the  latter  part 

of  May,  or  early  in  June  last,  he  The  Court  was  thenoocnpied  for 

was  put  out  of  possession  for  non-  some    daj^s   in    trying   prisoners 

payment  of  rent.     A  man  named  charged  with  Whiteboy  offences,  of 

Neman  became  the  tenant  of  the  the  most  audacious  character.     In 

land,  and  immediately  there  sprang  some  the  prisoners  were  capitally 

up,  as  usual  in  such  cases,  a  feel-  convicted ;  is  others,  on  the  pri- 

iog  of  extreme   hostility  on  the  sonere  pleading  guilty  to  the  minor 

part  of  the  Deas  towards  Neman  offence,  the  Attorney- General  did 

and  his  family.     On  the  9th  of  not  proceed  with  the  capital  indict- 

June,  within   ten  days  from   the  ments. 

time  of  Neman's  becoming  temmt  Janxuiry  lOrt. 
of  the  land,  he  and  the  man  who 

was  murdered  were  walking  to-  Upon  the  learned  Judges  en- 

gether  towards  Galbally,  and  when  tering  the  court  the  different  pri- 

wiibia  a  mile  of  that  town,  in  the  soners,  who  had  been  convicted,  but 

open  day,   it    being    then    three  bad  not  received  the  sentence  of 

o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  they  were  the   Court,  were    ordered    to    be 

waylaid  by  the  prisoner  and  his  placed  in  the  dock.    They  were 

brother,  Patrick  Ilea.     Until  Nor-  accordingly  put  forward  together, 

nan  and  Murphy  approached  they  to  the  number  of  between  twenty 

concealed  themselves  in  a  ditch,  and  thirty,  and  it  would  be  diffi- 

On  Neman  and  Murphy  coming  «ult  to  believe  there  could  be  col- 

withing  six  yards  of  them,  tbey  lected  in  tbe  same  space  a  more 

stood  up  from  their  hiding  place  ill-looking  or  desperate  seL 

and  presented  a  pistol  at  each.  The  Lord  Chief  Justice: — "Pri- 

The  pistol  of  Patnck  Dea,  which  soners  at  the  bar,  you  have  all, 

was  aimed  at  Noman,  hung  fire ;  with  one   exception,  been  found 

he  snapped  it  again,  and  again  it  guilty,  without  any  recommendar 

missed,  but  the  pistol  of  tbe  pri-  tion  by  the  juiy  to  mercy,  of  va- 

sonerwas  eure  and  fatal  in  its  aim.  rious  offences — offences  partaking 

A  ball  from  it  struck  Mutphy  in  of  the  character  of  those  outi^ea 

the  bead ;  he  fell,  and  was  deail  in  which  have  been  so  provalent  in 

a  few  moments.    The  two  brotheia  this  country,  which  have  disgraced 

Vol.  XC.  2 


338        ANNUAL    REG  1ST  ER,  1848. 

its  cbancter   and    destroyed  its  hard  l&bonr  in  alt«niBte  montlu. 

peace.    You  have  been  found  guUty  Four  other  men,  for  attacking  a 

npon  evidence  which  all  peraons  house,  received  the  same  sentence. 

vho   heard  it  moat  be  perTectly  Eight  or  nine  otheta,  who  had 

eonvinced  left  the  jury  no  altema-  pleaded  guilt;  to  an  indictment 

tiv8  but  to  find  you  gui%.     You  for  stealing  caUle,  were  sentenced 

are  brought  here  to  receive  your  to  impriaonment  for  nine  mon^. 

sentence ;  and  it  ia  no  part  of  my  Three  others,  for  attacking  a  house 

duty  to  rebuke  or  to  insult  yon.  end  stealing  a  gun   and  money, 

God  knows  there  is  enough  before  were  sentenced  to  two  years'  im- 

me  to  prevent  every  feeling  of  re-  prisonment,  with  hard  labour  in 

sentment,  and  to   extend  to  you  alternate  months, 
niotives  of  compassion  and  mercy.        The  whole  of  the  prisoners,  who 

if  yonr  guilt  did  not  forbid  it."  beard  their  sentences  pronounced 

The  learned  Judge  continued  a  with  the  greatest  indifference,  wera 

most  impressive  address,  well  cal-  then  removed  fiom  the  dock,  and 

Gulated  to  convey  to  the  peasantry  placed  in  vans  that  were  in  readi- 

of  the  country  the  enormity  of  the  ness,  to  be  immediately  conveyed 

crimes  committed    and   (be  cer-  to  Dublin,  from  which  port  ^ey 

tainty  of  punishment.  are  to  be  transported  forthwilb. 

The  learned  Judge  then  pro- 
ceeded to  pronounce  sentence  on       The  Court  then  proceeded  with 

the  different  prisoners.   J.  Farrell,  the  trial  of  a  man  named  John  Be- 

wbo  was  convicted  of  an  assault  in  nihan,  for  the  murder  of  a  respect- 

a    dwelhng-house,   with   violence,  able   small   fermer,  named  John 

was  transported  for  fourteen  years.  M'Eniry,  on  the  3rd  of  October 

The  men  who  attacked  the  house  last,    at    Adams-town.      The  pri- 

of  Molony,  and  carried  away  his  soner    was    arraigned    with    nine 

daughter,  were,  with  one  exception,  others  for  this  deed  of  blood,  but, 

transported    for    fourteen   years,  as  they  refused  to  join  in  their 

Four  other  men,  for  attacking  the  challenges,  they  were  tried  sepa- 

house  of  a  man  named  Slattenr,  rately. 

were  tronaported  for  ten  years.    In       The  facts  were  stated  by  the 

the  next  case,  John  Collins,  for  Att«mey-General :  of  all  the  san- 

Tobbery,  in  which  the  only  miti-  guinary  crimes  contained   in  the 

gating  circumstance  was  that  he  calendar,  this,  perhaps,  ia  the  most 

had  no  fire-arms,  was  transported  atrocious. 

for  seven   years.    Three  others,        On  the  night  of  Sunday,  the  3rd 

for  attacking  a  bouse,  received  a  of  October,  a  party  of  armed  men 

similar   sentence.     Denis    Flyn,  came  to  the  house  of  M'Eniry. 

who    had    pleaded   guilty    to    a  The  motive  that  induced  them  to 

charge  of  the  like  offence,  received  commit  the  crime  it  mi^t  be  dif- 

the  same  amount  of  punishment  ficult  to  show,  for  the  only  evi- 

Thomas  Hickey,  a  man  who  was  dence  upon  it  was  so  slight  and 

convicted  of  attacking  a  house  and  trivial  that  it  was  almost  impossible 

dischai^g  a  pistol  through  the  to  suppose  that  any  human  being 

window,  and  who  had  been  secured  could  by  such  a  motive  and  pro- 

by  the  intrepidity  of  a  young  girl  vocation  be  induced  to  commit  so 

in  the  house,  was  sentenced  to  im-  horrible  a  deed;  but  it  appeared 

prisonment  tot    two  years,  with  that  the  prisoner  was  summoned 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.  839 

by,  or  had  bad  some  dispute  with,  husband.    She  answered  that  he 

the  family  of  M'Euiir  at  the  petty  \ras  not  at  home.     They  insisted 

sessions,  a  few  days  before,  and  the  that  he  was,  and  that  they  would 

only  supposition   was    that    that  not  leave  it  until  they  had  bad  hia 

pet^  squabble  had  given  rise  to  life.    They  then  b^n  to  search 

the  painful  transaction  which  the  for  the  unfortunate  man,  and  hav- 

jury  had  now  to  investigate  as  to  ing  lighted  a  candle,  found  him  in 

the  share,  if  any,  which  the  pisoner  the  place  where  he  waa  concealed, 

had  bad  in  it.     In  the  middle  of  Th^  draf^ged  him  from  his  hiding- 

the  Sunday  night  in  question,  when  place  to  a  yard  before  the  house, 

the  murdered  man  and  the  differ-  and  there  they  brutally  murdered 

ent  members  of  hia  Eamily  were  in  him.      On    examination    he    was 

bed,  and  some  of  diem  asleep,  the  found  to  have  received  two  gtm- 

party  commenced  firing  into  the  shot  wounds,  his  skull  was  frac- 

house.    M'Eniry  had  arms  in  his  tured  in  two  places,  and  his  back 

house,  endeavoured  to  resist  the  broken. 

attack,  and  fired  some  ehots  from  The  horrible  details  were  proved 

the  window ;  bat  seeing  the  number  by  the  widow  and  daughter  of  the 

of  men  outside,  and  that  they  were  poor  man ;  and  as  they  gave  their 

armed,  he  saw  his  danger,  and  hav-  evidence  a   thrill   of    horror  ran 

ing  ceased  to  fire,  he  endeavoured  through  the  court  at  the  brutal 

to  hide  himself,  and  did,  in  fact,  manner  in  which  the  murder  was 

bide  himself  under  his  daughter's  committed. 

bed.     The  par^  at  length  broke  The  jury,  without  retiring  from 

into  the  kitchen,  and  one  of  the  the    box,    returned   a  verdict    of 

first  who  entered  was  the  prisoner.  Guilty. 

He  came   with   his  armed  com-  The  prisoner  heard  it  vrith  the 

panions    to    a   settle-bed  in  the  greatest  indifi'erence. 

kitohen,  in  which  one  of  the  ser-  On  the  following  morning  the 

vants  was    sleeping,   and  taking  prisoner    was    sentenced    to    be 

from  it  a  quantity  of  straw,  lighted  hanged  on  the  11th  of  Febmaiy, 

it,  and  tried  to  blacken  his  fiice.  four  days   after  Ryan  and    Dea. 

The  servant  who  was  sleeping  in  The  prisoner  heard  the  sentence 

that  bed,  and  another  who  slept  with   the  same    perfect  coolness, 

in  an  a4}oining  room,  the  door  of  On  retiring  from  the  dock  he  took 

which  opened  on  the  kitchen,  savr  a  piece  of  bread  from  his  pocket, 

the  prisoner,  and  be  was  identi-  and,  laughing,  said  to  the  other 

lied  by  no  less  than  three  inmatea  prisoners,  "By  Gor,  boys,  we  must 

of  the  house.   The  wife  of  M'Eniry  eat  whilst  we  live  at  any  rate." 
came  to  the  men,  end  from  her 

they  demanded  the  arms  and  money  The  Commission  was  then  ad- 
of  her  husband.  She  gave  th^n  a  jonmed  to  the  fiOth  of  January, 
gun,  but  knowing  that  M'Eniry  and  the  Judges  proceeded  to  Ennis, 
nod  a  pistol,  they  asked  for  that  to  tiy  the  prisoners  for  the  county 
too.  She  sent  for  it,  and,  as  she  of  Clare.  They  returned  to  Lime- 
had  given  them  some  S5(.  of  rick,  and  resumed  their  sittings  on 
money,  she  thought  they  would  the  aOth  of  January. 
then  have  left  the  bouse ;  and  they 

were  in  the  act  of  leaving  vfhen  one  January  20. 

«f  the  party  asked  where  was  her  James  Skeehan  was  indicted  for 

Z  2  ...    ,._ 


340        ANNUAL    RE  G  I  ST  E  E,  1848. 

the  murder  of  Mr.  Ralph  Hill,  on  accordiagly  took  that  com.  and  or- 
the  18th  of  Novemb«r  last,  at  ranged  to  remove  the  rest  on  the 
Ratfaard,  near  Limerick.  It  ap-  following  day.  On  the  nioniii^  of 
peared  from  the  atatement  of  the  that  daj  Hill  went  again  with 
AUorne;- General  that  a  person  Flannery  to  remove  the  com. 
named  Quaine,  who  held  some  When  they  first  came  up  near  the 
laud  at  Rathard  under  Mr.  Freud,  bouae,  Mrs.  Quaine  caught  Flan- 
being  considerably  in  arrear,  Mr.  nery  by  the  collar,  and  Uiere  was 
Fitzgerald,  the  agent,  waa  at  length  some  etmggle  between  them ;  bat 
obliged  to  resort  to  the  law  to  re-  Daniel  Quaine,  her  son,  pulled 
cover  payment  of  the  rent,  and  in  Mra.  Quaine  away,  saying.  "  We 
October  some  corn  was  accordingly  will  soon  let  them  know  they  shall 
distrained.  The  day  before  the  not  take  the  com."  She  and  her 
murder  it  was  sold,  and  a  person  son  then  left  Flannery,  and  at 
named  Flannery,  who  waa  in  the  that  moment  he  beard  a  shot  fired, 
employ  of  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  was  tlie  Hill,  who  was  a  little  in  advance, 
person  who  purchased  it  at  the  felt ;  he  waa  shot  dead,  and  a  man 
sale.  A  portion  of  it  was  removed  named  M'Mahon,  who  vras  near 
immediately ;  the  rest  was  left  on  him,  was  also  wounded,  the  shot, 
the  land,  and  keepers  were  placed  before  it  struck  Hill,  passing 
over  it  to  watch  it.  At  that  time  through  his  hat  and  part  of  his 
the  prisoner  was  in  some  way  or  scalp.  A  second  shot  waa  fired, 
other  employed  by  Quaine  about  and  another  of  the  assistants, 
bis  place.  Flannery,  who  had  named  M'Mahon,  was  wounded; 
been  engaged  in  making  the  dia-  the  shot  went  through  his  jaw 
treaa,  and  who  hod  purchased  the  and  tore  away  part  of  the  roof  of 
com,  wishing  at  the  time  of  the  his  raouth.  Both  these  shots  pro- 
Bole  to  remove  all  the  corn  that  ceeded  from  the  haggard  where 
waa  threshed,  asked  Skeehan,  the  com  was  kept,  and  at  that 
whom  he  saw  about  the  place,  for  time  the  prisoner  was  there, 
the  key  of  the  bom,  where  it  was  Shortly  before  he  had  been  seen 
i«»t.  The  prisoner  answered,  putting  some  bushes  at  the  comer, 
"Mrs.  Quaine  has  it,  and  you  near  thespot  whence  the  shots  pro- 
cannot  get  it"  Flanner;?  replied,  ceeded.  Flannery  became  alarmed, 
"  You  must  try  and  get  it ; '  hut,  and  tried  to  make  off.  He  had  a 
not  getting  it,  he  pushed  in  the  pistol  in  his  hand,  but  in  his  huny 
door  of  the  bam  to  take  the  com.  he  dropped  it.  and  in  picking  it 
Skeehan  saw  it,  and  said,  "  You  up  be  distinctly  saw  the  prisoner 
shall  suffer  for  this."  A  woman,  coming  out  of  the  haggard.  The 
a  daughter  of  Quaine'a,  who  was  prisoner  had  at  that  time  a  gun  in 
there,  came  to  the  door,  and  said  his  hand,  he  fired,  and  Flannery 
she  would  take  the  life  of  any  per-  was  wounded ;  fortunately  the 
son  who  took  the  com.  Hill,  who  wound  was  slight.  He  instantly 
waa  a  eub-ogent  to  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  ran  off.  came  into  Limerick,  and 
was  on  the  spot  assisting  Flannery,  told  Mr.  Fitzgerald.  Mr.  Cripps, 
and,  anticipating  violence,  told  him  a  magistrate,  immediately  went  off 
to  go  for  some  police.  Quaine  him-  with  some  police,  and  when  within 
self  said  they  might  take  all  the  about  100  yards  of  the  etxit  where 
com  that  was  in  the  bags,  but  the  the  murder  look  place,  they  san  a 
Teat  tiiey  should  not  touch.     They  man  ranning  along  S  hedge.   They 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,   &c.  341 

pursued  and  captured  him.  Tbat  was  met  by  a  party  of  ftve  or  six 
man  was  tfae  prisoner.  At  tbat  men,  andsoviolentlyassaulted  and 
time  be  bod  but  one  shoe  on,  but  beaten  by  them,  tbat  his  life  was 
the  fellow  to  it  was  afterwards  in  danger.  As  soon  as  he  bad  re- 
found  near  the  place.  At  first  he  coTered  a  little  from  the  effects  of 
denied  that  it  was  his,  but  subse-  the  beating,  be  appealed  to  the 
quently  admitted  it.  He  nas  seen  law,  and  swore  informatioas  against 
to  load  a  gun  the  night  before  tbe  the  parties  concerned  in  the  out- 
murder,  and  just  after  it  was  com-  rage.  Three  of  them  were  prose- 
mitted,  as  he  was  ronning  away,  cuted  at  the  Spring  Assizes  in 
he  told  a  woman  whom  he  met  I84T,  and  on  the  clearest  evidence 
not  to  say  that  she  had  met  him.  were  convicted  and  transported. 
Before  tbe  murder  the  Quaines  A  fourth  of  tbe  party,  named 
had  been  heard  talking  about  Bourke,  contrived  to  escape  &om 
shooting  Hill,  and  a  double-bar-  justice  and  remained  at  large.  In 
relied  gun  haJd  been  seen  in  tbe  consequence  of  Hourigan's  coming 
house.  Tbe  police  searched  the  forward  to  prosecute  at  those  as- 
ha^ard,  and  there  they  found  a  sizes,  it  became  necessary  that  he 
sin^e-barrelled  gun  loaded  with  should  have  the  protection  of 
five  slugs,  and  having  the  appear-  some  police  in  bis  house.  He  ac- 
ance  of  having  been  recently  dis-  cordingly  applied  to  tbe  authori- 
cbarged.  The  gun  had  been  bor-  ties,  and  they  allowed  him  a  suf- 
rowed  the  night  before  from  a  per-  ficient  number  to  protect  him  from 
son  named  M'Namara  by  one  of  outrage.  The  barrack  to  which  the 
the  Quaines.  A  remarkable  piece  party  of  police  belonged  was  not 
of  circumstantial  evidence  was  tbe  very  far  from  the  residence  of 
fact  tbat,  when  the  prisoner  was  Hourigan,  and  the  police  were  in 
captured,  on  one  of  his  hands  the  habit  of  going  to  the  barrack 
was  a  mark  as  if  he  had  placed  his  to  take  their  meals  with  their  corn- 
band  on  the  mouth  of  a  recently  rades.  Rourke,  and  two  men  named 
dischai^ed  gun.  About  a  month  Howard,  one  of  whom  was  the  pri- 
before  the  murder,  a  double-bar-  soner  at  the  bar,  being  aware  of 
relied  gun  had  been  seen  in  the  this  fact,  determined  to  take  ad- 
bouae,  and  Skeehan  had  been  seen  vantage  of  an  opportunity  of  the 
making  some  bullets,  by  pouring  kind  for  killing  Hourigan.  They 
some  lead  into  a  hole  in  the  floor,  accordingly  watched  the  police 
and  knockingoffthe  rough  particles  leaving  tbe  bouse,  and  about  eight 
with  a  hammer.  The  jury  returued  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  8lh 
a  verdict  of  "Guilty."  of  April,  1847,  having  seen  the 
police  leave  as  usual,  those  tbree 
January  31.  meu,  armed,  two  with  blunder- 
busses and  tbe  third  with  a  gun, 

Michael   Howard,  about  thirty  went  to  Hourigan's  house.    For- 

years    of  age,    n-as    indicted    for  tunately  for  himself,  but  unfortn- 

the  murder  of  Johanna  Hourigan.  nately  for  his  unoffending  wife,  he 

There  was  another  victim  of  his  happened  to  be  out  at  the  time; 

bloodthirsty  rage.  be  was  in  an  adjacent  haggard. 

In    November,    1840,  a    small  They  did  not  see  bim,  but  be  had 

farmer,  named  Hourigan,  who  re-  the  fullest  opportunity  of  seeing 

eided  at  Ballycullen,  in  Limerick,  them ;   and  although  their  faces 


342  ANNUAL    RE  GIS  T  E  R,  1848. 

ware  poxtiallj  blackened   be  iras  tified  the  Howards  as  two  of  the 

able  to  ideotify  them  all.     At  the  men  that  entered  the  house.    A 

time  they  aniTed  at  the  house,  the  little  girl,  a  daughter  of  Ho)u%id, 

onlj  inmates  were  Houngao's  wife,  and  a  boy  named  KeltehBo,  deposed 

Johanna ;  his  son,  a  boy  of  nine-  to  drcDmatanoes  by  which  tl^  pri- 

teen,  who  was  confined  to  his  bed  aoners  were  further  identified, 
with  fever;  and  a  daughter,  a  mar-         There  were  some  discrepandes  . 

ried  woman,  who  had  gone  to  keep  in  the  evidence  as  to  time,  and  of 

her  mother  company.  They  looked  these  llr.  O'Hea,  the  piiBoner's 

for  Hourigan,  and  not  fimfing  him  counsel,  did  not  fail  to  take  ad- 

they  were  determined  to  have  some  vantage ;  bat  the  jury  enterUuned 

-victim  of  their  rage ;  they  accord-  no  doubt  of  the  identity  of  the  pri- 

ingly  shot  the  poor  fellow's  wife ;  soner.  and  retamed  a  verdict  at 

but,  not  content  with  that,  they  "Guilty." 
went  into  the  bedroom  inside  the 

kitchen,  where  the  aick  boy  was  January  25 

lying,  dragged  him  from  the  bed, 

and  shot  mm  dead  on  the  Boor.        James  Quaine,  about  40  yean 

For  this  most  barbarous  murder,  of  age,   was  charged,    first,  with 

one  of  the  Howards,  who  was  a  the  wilful  murder  of  Mr.  Italph 

brother-in-law  of  Hayes,  was  tried.  Hill  in  November  last,  and,  se- 

oonvicted,  and  executed  at  the  last  condly,  with  aiding  and  abetting 

assizes.     Bourke  had  eluded  all  in  its  perpetration, 
the  eBbrts  of  the  police  to  capture        The  particulars  of  this  mordei 

him.    The  other  Howard,  who  was  were  detailed  in  the  trial  of  James 

a  condn  of  Marten's,  was  now  put  Skeehan,  and  the  case  was  but  a 

upon  his  trial.    Hourigan  proved  repetition  of  that  which  was  in- 

that  part  of  the  horrible  transac-  vesUgsted  on  the  occasion  of  Skee- 

tion  of  which  he  was  a  witness,  ban's  trial.     The  only  addidanil 

The  married  daughter  said  that  evidence  being  the  fact  that  the 

she  was  in  the  kitchen  when  the  prisoner  had  borrowed,  on  the  night 

prisoner  and  three  men  entered,  before  the  murder,  a  aingle-W- 

They  asked  for  her  father,  and  relied  gun  from  a  person  named 

when  they  found  he  was  not  there,  M'Namara,  and  that  on  the  day 

one  of  them  presented  a  gun  at  after  the  murder  was  committed 

her  mother  and  fired.     The  poor  he  told  him  that  unfortunately  Mr. 

woman  fell  across  the  fender,  and  Hill  was  shot — that  what  was  done 

the  men  then  struck  her  a  blow  on  could  not  be  undone,  and  that  he 

the  head.     Tbey  then  found  their  had  concealed  the  gun  in  a  pigstye 

way  into  the  bedroom.     She  heard  near  the  haggard,  whence  the  ahota 

her  poor  brother  call  out,  and  then  were  fired.   It  was  also  proved  that 

a  shot  was  fired.    She  ran  out  of  the  gun  was  found  hy  the  police  in 

the  house,  but,  the  men  leaving  the  very  spot  where  the  prisoner 

directly  afterwards,  she  returned,  said  he  had  concealed  it 
and  found   her  mother  lying  ac-         The   juiy  found   the    prisoner 

tually  on  the  fire  with  her  clothes  "  Guilty." 

burning.  She  immediately  dragged         T-no  men.   John  and    Thomas 

her  off  the  fire,  and  at  that  time  Frewin,  who  had  pleaded  "Guilty" 

she  was  alive,  but  she  died  within  to  the  charge  of  barbouring  Wil- 

a  few  minutes.  The  daughter  iden-  liam  Frewin,  the  notorious  Ryan 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S.    &c.  348 

(Puck),  vera  then  placed  in  the 

The  Attorney-General  said,  he 

had  raad  the  affidavits  made  by  the  Patrick  Ryan  and  James  Hayea 

prisoners  in  extenuation  of  their  were  indicted  for  the   murder  of 

guilt,  in  which  they  stated  they  Mr.  Watson,  near  O'Brien'e  bridge, 

were  ignorant  of  the  law  tektins  in  May  last, 

to  the  crime  of  which  the;  had  The    Attomey-Oeneral,    after 

been  convicted.     The  Lord-Lieu-  some  preliminary  remarks  on  the 

tenant  bad  done  all  in  his  power  natmre  of  the  commission,  said  :— 

to  make  known  the  law  upon  the  For  a  considerable  time  portions 

subject,   but,    under  the   circum-  of  this  county  have  been  disgraced 

stances  to  which  he  had  referred  with  murders  of  the   most  awful 

on  the  preceding  evening,  he  would  oharactor.    We  are  now  about  to 

ask  their  Lordship  to  inflict  such  investigate  one  of  those  cases.    It 

a  measure  of  pumshment  short  of  will,   unfortunatoly,    appear    that 

transportation  as  their   Lorships  most  of  the  outrages  that   hare 

should  think  fit.  been  committed  in  this    countiy 

Thomas  Frewin  wss  sentenced  have  more  or  less  been  the  result 

to  imprisonment  for  six    months  of  a  combination  or  feeling  that 

from  the  date  of  his  committal ;  has  existed  connected  in  some  way 

John  to  imprisonment  for  twelve  or  another  with  the  possession  of 

months.  land,     in    the    present    instance 

James  Skeehan,  James  Quaine,  those  two  men  before  yon  stand 

and  Michael  Howard,  were  then  charged    with    the    murder  of  a 

placed  in  the  dock,  and  the  Lord  gentleman  named  Watson,  in  tha 

Chief   Boron  passed   upon  them  month  of  Ma;  last.     It  spears 

sentence  of  death,  and  they  wera  that  Mr.  Watson  was  the  agent  of 

ordered  for  execution  on  the  S3nd  a  Mr.  Arthur,  a  gentleman  of  con- 

of  February.  siderable  property  in  your  county. 

As  such  agent  it  waa  his  duty  to 

ENNiS— COUNTY  OF  CLARE,  collect  and  enforce,   when  neces- 

_            ,  n  sary,  the  payment  of  rent  by  the 

January  12.  tenants  of  Mr.  Arthur.     It  will 

The  learned  Judges  opened  the  appear  that  a  person  named  Crowe, 

Commission  at  Ennis-    The  grand  who  held  a  farm  under  Mr.  Arthur. 

Jurorssnmmonedattflnded,asatLi-  in  consequence  of  being  in  arrear 

merick,  without  a  single  exception,  or  otherwise,  had  his  property  dis- 

The     foreman     was    Sir    Lucius  trained.     From  that  circumstaac* 

O'Brien,  brother   of   Mr.    Smith  Crowe   entertained   a   feeling  of 

O'Brien.  hostility  and  ill-will  towards  Mr. 

The  Chief  Baron  addressed  the  Watson,  and  he  was  induced  to 

Grand  Jury  in  a  most  impressive  hire  and  engage  the  two  prisoners, 

speech,  insisting  upon    the  same  and  another  person  named  William 

topics  as  those  adverted  to  by  the  Ryan  (Puck),    to  perpetrate  the 

Chief  Justice    at    Limerick,   and  murder  you  are  now  called  upon  to 

which  indeed  ara  too  prominent  to  investigate.     It  will  appear  in  the 

he  avoided.  evidence  before  you  that  on  the 
17th  of  Ma;  those  two  persons  and 
another  were  seen  coming  Smm 


344        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

the  direcdon  of   Crowe's  house,  horse  and  the  other  attacked  him 
That  house  iras  so  situated  that  in  the  most  hrutal  manner,  and  ia 
from  it  a  view  could  be  hod  of  Mr.  a  very  few  moments  he  was  almost 
Watson's  residence  and  the  road  deprivedoflife,     Thetwomenhsd 
leading  from  it  to  the  house  of  Mr.  scarcely  done  so  when  they  were 
Arthur.     Ur.  Watson  was  in  the  joined  b;  the  third,  who  was  keep- 
habit  of  going,  in  the  discharge  of  ing  watoh  at  a  httle  distance,  uid 
his  duty  as  agent,  from  his  own  the  charge  which  yon  will  have  to 
house  to  Mr.  Arthur's,  and  he  was  investigate  ia  whether  the  prisooen 
proceeding,  on  the  daj  in  question,  who  now  stand  before  yoa  are  or 
inthatdirectioD,  when, immediately  are  not  two  of  the  three  who  ware 
or  shortly  after  he  left  hb  own  present  on  that  occasion, 
house,  three  men  were  seen  coming        Dennis  Flynn.  a  youth  about  Al- 
together across  a  field  with  the  teen.     His  father's  house  was  near 
apparent  object   of   meeting   him  Mr.  Watson's.     On  the  ITth  of 
upon  the  road;  and  from  the  direo-  May  last  he  heard  a  noise  in  the 
tion  of  Crowe's  house.    Evidence  road.    He  ran  out,  and  when  corn- 
will  be  laid  before  you,  and  pro-  ing  towards  the  gate  leading  to  the 
bably   you  will  come  to  the  con-  r(»d  he  heard  a  shot  fired.    On 
elusion,  that  the  two  prisoners  and  reaching  the  gate  he  saw  three  men. 
the  person  named  William  Ryan  One  of  them  was  down,  and  cue  of 
(Puck),  who  is  chained  in  the  pre^  the  others  was  "  drawing  "  a  ble« 
sent  indictment,  but  whom  it  is  at  him  with  a  gun,  but  he  coald 
nnnecessary  to  try,  are  the  three  not  aay  he  saw  the  man  strike  him. 
who  came  upon  that  occasion.     It  He  ran  away,  but  returned,  and 
will  appear  that,  when  they  arrived  then   saw   that  the  man  on  the 
at  the  road  where  they  were  looking  ground  was  Mr.  Watson, 
to  meetMr.  Wataon,  they  separated,         A  little  boy  named  Barton,  aboot 
two  of  them  coming  out  on  the  eleven  years  of  age,  said  he  re- 
road,  and  the  third  being  left  be-  membered  the   day  Mr.  Watson 
bind.    As  they  were  going  in  the  was  kilted.     He  was  at  school,  bnt 
direction  of  meeting  Mr.  Watson,  one  of  the   boys  called  him  out, 
the  two  contrived  it  so  that  one  got  saying,  "  There  were  Terries  com- 
behind  and  the  other  before  him.  ing  with  guns."     He  saw  two  men 
The  three  men  were  armed.     Im-  on  the  road,  and  had  never  seen 
mediately  upon  the  two  comity  on  either  of  them  before.    They  were 
ihe  road  and  meeting  Mr.  Watson,  going  towards  where  Mr.  Watson 
he  appeared  to  fear  the  object  for  vas  kilted.    One  of  them  had  a 
which  liiey  were  come,  and  endea-  gun,  and  he  was  putting  the  barrel 
Toured  to   turn  back  to   his  own  down  his  trousers  and  the  stock 
house;  but,  in  turning  his  horse,  under  his  arm.     The  boy  was  asked 
the  man  behind  seized  it  by  the  whether  either  of  the  pnsooers  was 
bridle  and  stopped  it.     Mr.  Wat-  one  of  the  two  men,  but  he  did  not 
eon  fell  to  the  ground,  but  he  had  identify  them.     Two  months  after 
arms,  and  he  discharged  a  pistol  at  the  murder  be  was  in  Limerick, 
one  of  the  three  men.     It  would  and  he  was  then   shown  several 
appear  that  one  of  them  received  men  by  Mr.  Brovme,  the  magia- 
a  wound  from  the  shot;    but  im-  trate,  and  from  tbem  he  pointed 
mediately  aft«r  Ur.  Watson  so  dis-  out  one  aa  one  of  the  two  men  he 
charged  it,  the  person  holding  his  saw  on  the  day  of  the  murder. 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.                   345 

The  man  lie  pointed  out  said  hia  (Puck)    comiDg    dovQ   the    side 

name  was  Hayes.    He  knew  him  road  towards  the  huh  road.    The; 

on  account  of  his  cariTing  a  gun  crossed  a  field,  ana  be  lost  sight 

— that  made  him  look  sharper  at  of  them  in  a  hollow.    Mr.  Watson 

him.  came  riding  up  the    road,  about 

James  Lacy  said  he  lived  be-  thirty  or  forty  yards  from  him ;  his 
tween  the  place  where  Mr.  Watson  horse  was  miking;  and  the  wit- 
was  killed  and  the  school-house,  nees  then  saw  Ryan  (Puck)jnmp 
On  the  morning  of  the  murder,  as  over  a  ditch  and  cock  a  gun  at 
he  was  going  to  bis  break&st,  he  him.  Mr.  Watson  was  at  that 
saw  two  men  coming  up  from  the  time  about  three  yards  only  from 
road  where  the  murder  was  com-  Rjan  (Pnck).  The  gun  famig  fire, 
mitted.  One  had  the  barrel  of  a  Mr.  Watson  saw  it,  and  dLrectlj 
gun  in  his  hand.  The  stock  was  turned  round  hie  horse,  and  was 
gone.  At  that  time  Mr.  Watson  going  down  the  road  back  to  bis 
had,  in  fact,  been  killed,  but  be  own  house,  when  Ryan  (Small) 
did  not  know  it.  The  men  went  stopped  him  on  hb  way.  Rj^an 
on  a  field,  and  were  then  joined  (Small)  had  come  out  of  a  field 
by  a  third  party.  Witness  iden-  into  the  road,  having  a  pistol  in 
Ijfied  the  prisoner  Ryan  (Small)  as  his  hand.  He  seized  the  horse 
the  man  he  saw  with  the  barrel  of  by  the  bridle.  The  boree  made  a 
the  gun.  The  party  who  joined  couple  of  springs,  and  doubling 
the  two  men  in  the  field  was  the  round,  threw  his  unfortunate  rider, 
prisoner  Hayes.  He  had  known  When  Mr.  Watson  was  down,  the 
him  before.  The  third  man  he  witness  saw  Ryan  (Puck)  go  up  l» 
did  not  know  at  the  time,  but  he  him.  Mr.  Watson  immediately 
bad  since  beard  that  he  was  Wil-  took  from  his  pocket  a  pistol,  and 
liam  Ryan  (Puck).  (This  Is  the  fired.  It  appeared  to  miss,  and 
man  who  was  convicted  at  Lime-  Ryan  (Puck)  then  struck  him  on 
rick,  and  is  now  under  sentence  his  head  with  the  butt-end  of  a 
of  death  for  the  murder  of  John  gun.  Ryan  (Small)  also  struck 
Kelly).  Dennis  Flynn  called  him.  him  with  a  pistol.  He  called  out 
He  ran  np  to  him,  and  then  saw  for  mercy,  but  Ryan  (Puck)  struck 
Mr.  Watson  lying  on  the  road,  and  him  again  on  the  bead  with  the 
a  stock  of  a  gun  under  him,  broken,  gun.  Roth  the  men  then  ran 
The  barrel  was  gone.  away  together.     Be  saw  Hayea 

James  Crowe,  a  lad  of  sixteen  standing  still  in  a  field,  and  the 

years  of  age,   remarkably  shrewd  two  Ryans  went  up  to  him.    Hayes 

and  intelligent    He  said  that  John  at  the  time  bad  something  in  bis 

Crowe  was  hb  uncle ;  the  murder  hand,  bat  he  could  not  say  whether 

was  committed  about  half  a  mile  it  was  a  gun  or  a  blunderouss. 

from  his  uncle's  house.    He  had  I)r.  Parker,  who  attended  Wil- 

then  known  William  Ryan  (Puck)  liam  Ryan  (Puck)  in  Limenck  gaol 

andRyau(SmaIl)abouttwamonths.  for  fever,  stud  be  bad  observed  a 

He  saw  them  at  his  uncle's  house  scar  on  his  shoulder,  such  as  would 

a  fortnight  or  tbree  weeks  before  be  occasioned  by  a  slight  gun-shot 

Mr.  Watson  was  killed.     He  also  wound. 

knew    the   prisoner  Hayes.     On  Mr.  O'Hea  addressed  the  jury 

the   momii^  it  occurred  he  saw  for  the  prisoners,  urging  that  the 

the  prisoners,  with  William  Ryan  evidence  was  inconclusive- 


346        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

The  SoUcitor-Genertil  replied.  but  was  unable  to  do  so  there, 
The  Lord  Chief  Justice  summed  though  admissible,  would  not  bj 
up.  The  prisoners  were  indicted  itietf  wamot  tbe  oonfiotion  d 
for  the  ninrder  of  Mr.  Watson  on  Hayes ;  but  surelj  that  evidence 
tbe  17tb  Mar.  1817.  There  waa  was  eupported  by  that  of  Cnm. 
a  difference  between  the  esses  of  If  Crowes  erideoce  waa  to  be  ba- 
the two  prisoners  Hayes  and  Byan,  lieved,  then  the  statements  bolh  of 
with  regard  to  their  being  present  Lacy  and  Barton  were  trae.  Crom 
at  the  time  the  murder  was  com-  had  exhibited  some  hostile  feeling 
mitted.  If  the  jury  believed  the  towards  Hayes,  but  it  was  for  the 
evidence,  there  could  "be  no  doubt  jury  to  say  whether  it  was  such  as 
whatever  that  Ryan  waa  one  of  the  to  render  bis  evidenoe  nntrust- 
persons  actually  engaged  in  and  worthy.  As  to  tbe  prisoner  Ryu, 
assisting  William  Ryan  (Puck)  in  I<Bcy  and  Crowe  were  both  posidre 
the  attack  upon  the  otifortimate  that  be  waa  one  of  the  two  men 
gentleman,  it  had  been  suggested  who  were  seen  retnming  from  the 
that  Hayes  was  not  so  far  present  scene  of  the  murder — who  the 
as  to  be  brought  within  the  indict-  other  was  it  did  not  matter.  If 
ment;  but  he  must  tell  the  jury  they  thought  the  witnesses  were 
that  if  Hayes  were  not  on  tbe  spot,  at  all  mistaken  as  to  tbe  idmtJly 
yet  if  he  were  one  of  the  armed  of  either  of  the  prisoners,  it  woild 
party  assembled,  and  had,  without  be  their  duty  to  acquit  such  pri- 
being  one  of  the  two  by  whom  the  Boner ;  but  if,  on  the  other  hand, 
crime  was  perpetrated,  placed  him-  they  believed  tbe  evidence,  it 
self  in  a  contiguoua  position,  where  would  be  their  duty  to  find  a  ver- 
he  kept  watch  for  the  purpose  of  diet  of  guilty, 
aiding  the  perpetrators  of  the  The  Jury  were  absent  ten  mi- 
crime,  he  waa,  in  the  eye  of  tiie  nutes,  when  they  pronounced  a 
law,  present  so  as  to  justify  the  verdict  of  "  Guilty  against  both 
jury  in  finding  him  a  principal  in  the  priaoners. 
the  commission  of  the  murder.  Hayes  betrayed  considerabte 
The  questions  upon  which  their  emotion,  but  the  prisoner  Ryan 
judgment  was  to  be  exercised  were  exhibited  the  greatest  indifference. 
two:— first,  whether  the  witnesses 

had  detailed  what  they  had  ob-  Two  men,  named  Shaughnesey 
served  eo  consistently,  that  it  could  and  Hassett,  were  then  put  on 
be  made  a  ground  of  a  certain  and  their  trial  for  a  robbery  of  aims, 
satisfactory  conclusion  ;  secondly,  which,  from  tho  daring  shown  in 
whether  those  witnesses  were  faith-  the  commission  of  the  outrage,  de- 
worthy,  or  had  given  peijured  evi-  serves  a  more  special  notJce  than 
dence.  The  leuned  Chief  Justice  the  general  run  of  Whiteboy  of- 
went  over  tbe  evidence  at  length,  fences. 

and  put  it  to  the  judgment  of  the  In  the  month  of  October  last,  a 
jury  to  give  credence  or  not  to  the  gentleman  named  Mead,  who  had 
evidence  of  Lacy ;  the  evidence  of  taken  a  cottage  at  Cavan,  as  a 
Lacy  as  to  tbe  identity  of  Hayes  shooting-box,  for  the  season,  re- 
was  insufGcient,  if  unsupported,  turned  home  after  a  day's  sport, 
and  it  would  be  unsafe  to  act  upon  accompanied  by  three  friends,  and, 
it ;  the  evidence  of  the  boy  Batten  as  it  was  late  in  the  evening,  it 
who  identified  Hayes  atLivetpool,  was  arranged  that  they  should  all 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.                  347 

remain  vith  him  that  Dight     He  r              « 

slept  iu  his  own  room,  and  in  it  January  19. 

were  placed  by  the  side  of  his  bed  Two  men,  named  Butler  and 

three  donble-barrelled  guns.    The  Honngan,  were  indict«d  for  the 

other  gentlemen  slept  in  a  parlour,  murder  of  a  man  named  Patrick 

The   night  passed   without    their  Gleary,  in  the  month  of  November 

being  molested,  but  at  eight  o'clock  last.     The  prisoner   Butler  ia   a 

on  the  following  morning  the  hall  man  about  forty-five  years  of  age, 

door  vas  burst  open  by  a  party  of  of  small  frame,  and  emaciated  in 

six  or  eight  men,  who  proceeded  appeanuice.     Hourigan  isconsider- 

at  once   to  the  bedroom  of  Mr.  ably  younger,  and  a  fine-looking. 

Mead  and  fired  a  shot.     Fortu-  powerful  man. 

nately  he  was  not  struck  by  it,  and  The  anfortunate  victim  was  a 

be  instantly  seized  one  of  the  guns  respectable  locksmith  and  pedler, 

by  his  side,  and  attempted  to  tire,  residing  in  Limerick,  and  the  only 

but,   although  he   had   loaded    it  ground  that  has  been  suggested  for 

only  the  evening  before,  it  missed  the  murder  is,  that  be   and  his 

fire.    He,  vtithout  a  second's  de-  wife  bad  given  evidence  in  certain 

lay,  took  up  the  others,  levelled  causes  at  the  last  spring  and  sum- 

^em,  but  they  each  missed  fire  mer  assizes,  and  tliat  he  was  sus- 

aleo.    The  men  then  struck  him  pected  of  being  in  the  pay  tA  the 

on  the  head  with  a  blunderbuss,  police. 

and  he  became  insensible,  and  was  It  appeared  that  on  the  fith  of 
in  consequence  unable  to  identify  November  last  be  had  occasion  to 
any  of  the  assailants.  Three  other  go  to  Broadfoot,  a  short  distance 
men  rushed  into  the  parlour  where  from  Limerick,  and  hating  tians- 
the  other  gentlemen  were  sleeping,  acted  his  business,  he  was  return- 
but  having  been  seen  apnroachiog  iug  home  at  about  six  o'clock  iu  the 
by  one  of  them,  they  endeavoured  evening.  The  night  was  dark  but 
to  conceal  themselves,  but  had  not  starlight.  A  policeman  named 
sufficient  time  to  do  so.  The  party  M'Wheeny  deposed  th^t  he  left 
then  demanded  money  and  arms,  Broadfoot  soon  after  six  o'clock ; 
and  upon  the  three  gentleman  giv-  that,  walking  ftiat,  he  overtook  and 
ing  up  what  they  had,  they  left  the  passed  a  man  whom  he  recognised 
house  without  further  mischief,  as  Butler,  and  a  few  paces  further 
The  prisoners  were  afterwards  cap-  on  he  passed  another  man,  whom 
tured,  and  having  been  fully  identi-  he  knew  to  be  Gleaiy.  He  had 
fied  by  two  of  the  three  gentlemen  walked  about  ninety  yards  on,  when 
who  slept  in  the  parlour,  were  now  he  heard  a  shot  fired,  and  a  cry  of 
tried  for  the  outrage.  "  Uurderl "  Some  policemen  were 
From  the  evidence  it  was  evi-  approaching  at  the  moment;  he 
dent  that  the  guns  had  been  tarn-  waited  for  them,  and  they  then 
pered  with  by  one  of  the  servants  went  blether  to  the  spot  where 
after  Mr.  Mead  and  his  friends  the  shot  appeared  to  have  been 
had  retired  to  bed.  fired.  He  there  found  Cleaiy  ly- 
Tbe  Jury  found  the  prisoners  ing  on  the  ground  wounded,  and 
"  Guilty,"  and  they  were  sentenced  on  their  raising  him  up  he  said  he 
to  transportation  for  life.  had  been  shot,  and  believed  he  was 
dying.  A.t  that  moment  M'Wheeny 
saw  the  "  shadow  of  two  men  flitting 


348        ANNUAL    RE  G  1ST  EB,  1848. 

across  the  field."    Poor  Cleatj  was  Paddy,"  says  I,  "  you  say  that  to 

taken  to  tbe  police  barrack,  and  frighten  me.  because  it  is  daik." 

remained  there  that  night,  and  on  "  Oh!  no,"  says  he,  "I  doD'tmeui 

the  following  day  he  was  removed  to  frighten  you;  I  am  talely  dy- 

to  Sir  M.  Barrington's  Hospital,  ing."    i  then  called  the  nurse  to 

ia  Limerick,  and  there,  on   the  bring  a  candle,  and  I  says,  "Oh! 

SIst  of  the  Batne  month,  he  died.  Paddy,  if  you   are  dying,  if  joa 

Dr.  Oleston,  the  surgeon  of  the  have  any  doubt  about  the  meo  wbo 

police  barrack,  slated  that  be  exa-  killed  you,  don't  criminate  Mike 

mined  the  poor  man  when  he  was  Butler  and  Honrigan ; "  and  says 

brought  in,  and  bad  some  difficulty  he,  "  It  was  Butler  who  shot  the 

in   discovering  the  orifice  of  the  pistol,  and  Houriganwaa  withhin; 

wound,  BO  charred  was  it  all  round  out  I  forgive  them,"  and  then  the 

—A  proof  liiat  the  fiital  weapon  nurse  brought  a  candle,  end  he 

had  been  placed  almost  close  to  died  five  minutes  after, 
the  intended  Tictim  before  it  was        The  Jiuy  found  a   verdict  of 

fired.  "Ouilly"  against    both  the  pri- 

It  appeared  that  on  the  poor  aoners. 
fellow  being  found  by  the  police- 
men, he  immediately  declared  But-  Januarif  20. 
ler  to  have  been  the  man  who  fired        Michael  Butler   and   Matthew 

the  shot,  and  that  Hourigan  was  Hourigan  were  placed  in  the  dock, 

with  him  at  the  time.     The  decla-  and  were  asked  the  usual  question 

ration  was  afterwards  twice  taken  why  sentence  of  death  and  eieco- 

down  by  a  magistrate,  but  it  did  tion  should  not  be    passed  upoa 

not  clearly  appear  that  Cleaiy  tbera,butthey  did  not  utters  word, 
knew   that   be   was  dying ;    they        The  Lord  Chief  Baron  then,  in 

were  consequently  informal.  a  moat  impressive    maimer,  pro- 

But  there  was  another  dedara-  nounceduponthemtJielastsenlence 

tion  of  the  dying  man,  made  to  his  of  the  law.  and  named  the  17th  day 

wife  just  before  his  death,  and  that  of  Febniaty  for  their  execution, 
was  now  deposed  to  by  her.     The        The   prisoners  coolly  took  up 

description  which  the  poor  woman  their  hats,  and  as  they  were  leav- 

gave  of  the  last  melancholy  scene  ing  the   dock,  turned  round  and 

in  which  that  declaration  was  made  together  declared  that  they  were 

was  most  simple  and  afiecting:—  innocent  of  the  crime  for  which 

"  I  went  to  him,"  said  she,  "  about  they  were  to  die. 
a  quarter  of  an   hour  before  his        The  sentence  on  Hourigan  was 

death ;    be  took  my  hand  in  bis,  ultimately  commuted   into   trans- 

and  asked  where  the  children  were  porlation  for  life. 
—we  had  three.     I  said,  they  are 

with  their  uncle  O'Brien."  "Ohl  John  Crowe,  James  Kelly,  and 
Jenny,"  eaye  he,  "  O'Brien  will  Michael  Wilkinson  were  then  tried 
take  Mike,  and  you  and  the  two  for  conspiring  together  to  accom- 
little  ones  must  go  to  the  poor-  plish  the  murder  of  Mr.  Watson, 
house,  and  may  God  help  you."  Crowe  was  a  respectable  looking 
'■  Oh  I  Paddy,"  says  1,  "  God  will  man,  about  forty-five  years  of  age, 
help  me,  but  youll  help  me  too."  with  a  mild  and  rather  unmeaning 
"On!  no."  says  he,  "I  cannot  countenance;  Kelly  was  an  ill-look- 
help  you,  for  I'm  dying."     "Oh!  ing   vagabond,  about  forty;    and 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.                   349 

Willdnson,  ^ho  b   j'ounger,   has  commit  the  crime ;  but  he  thought 

tiie   appearance    of    belonging  to  the  Jury  would  come  to  the  codcIu- 

the  class  of  Bmall  fanners.  sion  that  the  very  circumstance  of 

On  their  being  asked  whether  theprecaution  taken  bjtheprisoner 

they  would  join  in  their  ohaUenges,  womd  be  a  link — and  a  strong  link 

they  refused  to  do  so,  and  Kelly  — in  the  chain  of  evidence  for  the 

and  Wilkinson  having,  therefore,  purpose  of  proving  his  partioipa- 

been  put  aside,  the  trial  of  Crowe  tion  in  the  murder.    As  Car  as 

alone  was  proceeded  with.  tbey  had  been  able  to  Investigate 

The  Attorney  General  said  the  the  case,  the  cause  of  the  murder 
prisoners  stood  charged  mtb  an  was  an  object  connected  with  the 
offence  not  in  itself  amountiug  to  prisoner.  It  would  appear  that, 
murder,  but  one  which  the  law  three  or  four  weeks  before  it  was 
considered  as  equally  penal,  and  committed,  the  prisoner,  who  held 
the  unhappy  object  of  it  equally  re-  a  farm  of  considerable  extent  under 
sponsible  to  the  offended  laws  of  Mr.  Arthur,  bad  had  hia  property 
the  country.  He  was  charged,  distrained  by  Mr.  Watson,  as  the 
not  with  being  actually  present  agent,  for  rent.  Ten  cows  and  a 
uding  in  the  murder,  but  with  bull  were  so  distrained  and  sold, 
counselling,  procuring,  advising,  and  it  would  be  proved  that  the 
and  commaniUng  others  to  com-  prisoner  was  shortly  afterwards 
mit  it;  and  the  murder  having  heard  to  say,  "  Perhaps  the  seizing 
been  committed  in  pursuance  of  of  this  cattle  will  be  a  dear  subject 
that  counsel  and  advice,  be  was  by  to  Mr.  Watson — perhapB  he  will 
law  equally  responsible  with  those  yet  pay  for  the  cattle  he  has  dis- 
who  committed  it,  and,  in  a  moral  trained."  If  he  (the  Attumey-Qe- 
pointof  view,  perhaps  bis  guilt  was  neral)  were  not  roiBinstmcted,  it 
equally  great  with  that  of  the  un-  would  appear  that  before  the  mur- 
happy  instruments  whom  fae  had  der  was  committed  several  inter- 
employed  in  the  perpetration  of  views  took  place  between  the  pri- 
his  horrible  purpose.  The  learned  Boner  and  two  of  the  principal 
aentleman  then  stated  ehortly  the  perpetrators  of  it.  It  was  a  ne- 
&ct3  immediately  connected  with  cossary  step  in  the  present  case 
the  murder  of  Mr.  Watson,  which  that  two  persons,  named  Ryan  and 
were  given. in  the  trial  of  Hayes  Haye3,whowasacouBin  of  Crowe's 
and  Ryan,  tupra.  The  prisoner  wife,  had  been  convictod  of  the 
"was  a  man  in  better  circumstances,  murder— another  person  having 
and  in  a  better  position  in  life,  been  indicted  with  them,  but  who 
than  those  persons  who,  generally  had  forfeited  his  life  in  another 
Bpeaking,  tud  appeared  in  that  county  for  an  offence  of  equal 
dock  to  answer  tor  the  offences  enormity.  It  would  be  proved 
with  which  they  were  charged ;  that,  on  the  night  before  the  mur- 
&nd,  if  the  evidence  were  true,  it  der,  that  person,  Ryau  (Puck),  and 
would  appear  that  he  foolishly  a  stranger,  whom  the  witoesB  was 
thought  that,  by  being  absent  from  unable  to  identify,  but  whom  other 
the  scene  of  the  murder,  and  being  evidence  would  show  to  be  Ryan 
at  the  time  at  the  bouse  of  Mr.  Ar-  (Small),  the  two  actual  murderers 
thur,  whose  agent  Mr.  Watson  was,  of  Mr.  Watson,  slept  at  the  pri- 
he  should  be  able  to  prove  by  tru8^  soner's  house.  The  said  house 
worthy  witnesses  that  he  did  not  was  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from 


360        ANNUAL    RE  G  I  ST  EH,  1848. 

Mr.  Watson's,  and  from  the  groand  Eelly.    Those  were  the  drcani' 

iinmediat«l;   behind  it  a  person  stances  which  the  jniy  would  have 

ffoing  from  Mr.  Wateon's  house  t«  to   investigate.      Tber    must    be 

Mr.  Arthur's  could  be  plainl^seen.  satisfied  t£at  the  murder  was  com- 

Tt  would  be  ahown  that,  the  night  mitted   bj  the  parties  who    had 

before  the  murder,  one  of  the  two  been  cenncted  of  it,  and  that  they 

prisonera  who  bad  been  convicted  or  one  of  them  was  instigated  or 

told  another    person  to  let  him  incited  by  the  prisoner  to  commit 

know  when  Mr.  Watson  was  going  it.     If  they  bad  any  rational  doubt 

to  Mr.  Arthur's.     Upon  that  night  upon  their  minds  of  the  guilt  of 

the  prisoner  did  not  sleep  at  his  the  prisoner,  he   was   entitled  to 

house,  but  in  Killaloe,  at  a  small  their  acquittal ;    but  if  upon  the 

public-house  he  had  there ;  but  he  evidence  they  believed  him  guilty, 

came  to  his  house  very  early  in  the  they  would  discharge  their  du^  to 

momingof  the  murder,  and,  unless  their  country  with  finnnesa  and 

he  were  misinstructed,  it  would  without  fear, 
appear  that  the  men  by  whom  it 

was  committed,  in  the  prisoner's  January  21. 
presence,  loaded  the  arms  with  The  most  powerful  evidence 
which  it  was  intended  to  take  away  against  the  prisoner  was  his  own 
the  life  of  the  unoifendiug  gentle-  admissions  t«  a  man  named 
man  who  was  murdered.  It  would  Bhai^nessy,  who  had  been  con- 
appear  that,  in  consideration  of  fined  in  the  same  gaol.  Sfaao^- 
money  to  be  paid  to  those  men  by  nessy  stated  that  he  was  in  gaol 
the  prisoner,  they  proceeded  to  when  the  prisoner  was  taken  there, 
commit  the  iatal  deed.  At  the  and  that,  a  few  days  snbsequenily 
same  time  that  they  left  his  bonse  to  his  arrival,  the  prisoner  entered 
for  the  purpose,  the  prisoner  also  into  conversation  with  him,  and 
left,  and  went  to  Mr.  Arthur's,  and  after  sajing  that  he  was  taken  on 
saw  that  gentleman,  hoping,  no  suspicion  of  having  had  somethmg 
doubt,  that  he  should  be  able  to  do  with  Mr.  Watson's  morder, 
thereby  to  prove  that  he  was  not  told  him  some  of  the  facts  cod- 
the  party  who  committed  the  mur-  nected  vrith  the  transaction.  He 
der.  The  two  Ryans  and  Kelly  told  Shaughnessy  that  Mr.  Watson 
left  for  the  fatal  purpose;  but  at  had  "canted"  his  cattle  for  rent, 
a  short  distance  Kelly  separated  and  that  he  {the  piiaoner)  had  gone 
from  the  other  two,  and  Hayes  to  him  and  offered  him  a  note  for 
joined  them  in  his  place ;  and  the  money,  bat  that  Mr.  Watson 
shortly  afterwards  Mr.  Watson  was  refused  to  lake  it  or  back  it  with 
barbarously  murdered.  It  would  his  name,  and,  continued  be,  "I 
appear  that  in  the  struggle  be-  thought  that  neither  Ood  nor  man 
tneen  Mr.  Watson  and  his  mur-  could  blame  me  for  kiUing  such  a 
derers,  one  of  the  instruments  ruffian."  The  prisoner  also  told 
with  which  he  was  struck,  a  gun,  him  that  Hayes  had  desired  him 
was  broken,  and  the  stock  of  that  to  be  out  of  the  way  at  the  time, 
broken  gun  would  be  produced,  and  go  to  some  place  where  ha 
and  would  be  proved  to  have  been  might  have  witnesses  to  speak  to 
taken  from  the  prisoner's  house,  Ms  presence, 
though  it  was  not  his  property,  Mr.  Arthur,  brother  to  the  pro- 
but  belonged,  in  fact,  to  his  servant  prietor  of  Crowe's  &nn,   proved 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.                  351 

thftt   the    prisoner  came  te    his  The  case  was  tally  proved,  and 

place  at  Oleoomenui  on  the  mora-  the  Jury  without  hesitation  found 

ing  of  the  murder ;  and  hia  steward  the  prisoner  "  Guilt; ; "  the  others 

further  proved  that  the  prisoner  pleaded  Guilty. 

remained  waiting  about  there  for 

two  or  three  houre.  January  22. 

The  Jury,  after  a  minntes  ab- 
sence, returaed  with  a  verdict  of  Michael  M'Mahon,  about  forty 
"Guilty."  years  of  age,  and  having  the  ap> 

The  prisoner,  who  throughout  pearance  of  a  farm  labourer,  was 

the  trial  had  shown  the  most  nerr-  placed  in  the  dock,  chained  with 

ous  ansiety,  was  overcome  by  the  having  conspired  with  two  other 

fotal  announcement  persons  who  were  named  in  the 

indictment,  and  other  persona  nn- 

Thomas     M'lnhemey  was    in-  known,  to  procure  the  murder  of  a 

dieted  for  the  murder  of  a  man  respectable  farmer  named  Boland. 

named  Martin  M'Mahon,  on  the  The  Attoraey- General  stud,  the 

night  of  the  3rd  of  January  inst,  prisoner  was  charged  with  au  of- 

at  Six-mile   Bridge,  a  few  miles  fence  as  heinous  as  could  be  com- 

from  Limerick.  mitted — that  of    entering  into  a 

Tbe  Attorney- General  said  that  conspiracy  with  others  for  the  pur- 
this  appeared  to  be  one  of  the  moat  pose  of  depriving  an  unoffending 
distressing  cases  that  had  occurred  man  of  life.  Fortunately  the  act 
duringtheCommiasion.andshowed  was  not  achieved,  and  the  party 
the  dreadful  consequences  to  which  whose  life  was  attempted  survived 
tbe  misguided  people  of  the  pri-  that  attempt.  In  the  present  ior 
Bouer's  dass  of  life  exposed  them-  stance,  in  order  to  further  the  ends 
eelvee.  The  prisoner  and  a  num-  of  justice,  he  had  felt  it  his  duty  to 
her  of  others  went  to  tbe  house  of  avail  himself  of  the  evidence  of  one 
a  person  named  M'Mahon,  on  the  of  theguiltyaccomplices.  Hewoold 
night  of  the  Srd  of  January.  They  bring  before  them  as  a  witness  the 
carried  fire-arms,  but  it  was  right  man  who  was  actually  hired  to  com- 
to  Bay  that  it  did  not  appear  that  mit  tbe  assassination,  and  he  would 
those  arms  were  loaded.  They  de-  state  that  it  would  have  been  com- 
manded arms :  M'Mahon  and  two  mitted,  but  that  tbe  prisoner  had 
of  his  brothers,  who  lived  with  not  the  money  to  pay  bim  for  tbe 
him.  resisted  them,  and  one  of  the  atrocious  purpose.  Of  course  tbe 
brothers  «as.  in  the  course  of  such  evidence  of  such  a  man  would  not 
resistance,  so  dreadfully  beaten  and  of  itself  be  sufficient ;  but  in  addi- 
bruised  that  he  died  very  soon  after  tion  to  that  evidence,  several  other 
tbe  attack.  Some  of  the  police,  witnesses,  who  fortunately  had  the 
who  were  on  that  night  on  duty  in  courage  end  determination  to  resist 
the  neighbourhood,  observed  the  the  offers  made  to  them,  would 
prisoner  and  tbe  others  coming  prove  that  the  prisoner  had  applied 
from  the  direction  of  M'Mahon 's  to  them  to  join  in  procuring  the 
house,  and  finding  them  with  tbeir  perpetration  of  the  intended  mn^ 
feces  blackened,  took  them  into  CUB-  der.  Tbe  person  whose  life  was 
tody.  They  were  directly  identified  so  intended  to  be  taken  was  a  far- 
by  the  surviving  M'Mahons  as  the  mer  named  Boland,  in  good  cir- 
por^  who  had  made  the  attach.  cumstances,  and  the  prisoner  and 


352        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

bis  accompliceB  believed  that  by  "  I  remembered  tbe  charge  the 

getting  rid  of  him  the^  might  oh-  pastor  had  given  ns,  that  these 

tain  certain    lands    with   greater  conspiracies  would  be  the  woru 

facility.     It  would  appear  Uiat  he  for  qs,  and  when  I  saw  the  depth 

had  gone  about  eoliciting  eubscrip-  it  waa  going  to,  I  wished  to  be  out 

lions  to  make  up  a  fuud  to  procure  of  it,  and  got  out  of  It  at  the  end 

the  assassination,  and  the  only  dif-  of  a  week." 

ficulty  that  su^ested  itself  to  him  A  man  named  DriscoU  had  also 

(the  Attorney -General)  was,  how  been  applied  to  by  the  priawier  tn 

any  human  being  could  ever  have  subscribe  for  the  shooting  of  Bo- 

had  the  hardihood  to  go  about  for  land,  but  his  answer  was,  "  For 

SDch  a  nefiiriouB  purpose.  God's  sake,  don't  go  on  with  that 

John  Perry,  the  wretoh  who  was  bad  business." 

hired  for  the  assaasination,  was  put  The  Jury,  after  retiring  a  short 

upon  the  table.     He   was  a  toll  time,  found  the  prisoner  "Guiltj," 

powerful  fellow,  and  well.dreesed  but  recommended  him  to  mercj. 

for  a  peasant,  but  his  appearance  The  prisoner  treated  the  vrtiole 

waa  repulsive.      He  gave  hia  evi-  proceeding  with  indifference,  and, 

dence  with  the  most  perfect  tang  during  the  time  Perry  was  giving 

/raid.    He  stated  that,  in  Novem-  his  evidence,  joined  in  the  laugh 

her  last,  the  prisoner  came  to  him  that  occasion^ly  arose  in  court  at 

and  offered  him  0/.  if  he  would  the  unblushing  manner  in  which 

shoot  Boland.    He  said  he  would  the  witness  admitted  his  shore  in 

take  it,  and  would  do  what  the  pri-  the  horrible  transaction. 
BOner  required  at  the  end  of  tvra 

days.  The  prisoner  did  not  give  Seven  sorry-looking  fellows  were 
bim  the  money,  but  told  him  it  next  tried  for  assaultmg  the  dwell- 
was  in  sure  bands.  He  therefore  ing-bouse  of  a  man  named  Hen- 
went  and  gave  information  to  the  nessey,  at  Ballybog,  on  the  SOth  of 
police.  September  last,  and  stealing  from 

On  his  cross-examination,  the  him  a  gun. 

witness  admitted  that  he  did  not  The  Jury  acquitted  four,  who 

tell  the  police  until  after  be  had  were  not  identified,  but  found  the 

asked  the  prisoner  for  the  money,  other  three  "  Guilty." 

and  had  been  unable  to  obtain  it.  One  of  them  waa  sentenced  to 

Michael  Harkin,  a  fine-looking  transportation  for  fourteen  years ; 
peasant,  swore  that  the  prisoner  another  for  ten  years;  and  the 
bad  told  bim  there  was  a  conspi-  third,  who  had  prevented  Hen- 
racy  to  shoot  Boland,  but  that  nessey's  being  murdered,  imprison- 
Bome  money  was  wanting  to  make  inent  for  one  year, 
up  0/-  for  the  job.    The  prieoner 

BaidBoIandwastakingthreefarma,  January  19. 

and  that  the  poor  people  would  be  John  Crowe  was  brought  forward 

better  off  if  he  was  gone.   He  also  to  have  the  last  sentence  of  the 

desired  the  witness  to  go  to  Mo-  law  passed  upon  him.     He  ap- 

Toney  to  know  whether  he  would  peared  to  be  suffering  greatly,  and 

subscribe  part  of  the  91.,  and  be  was  extremely  pale. 

said  he  would  go,  but  be  did  not  In  answer  to  the  usual  question, 

go  then.    Afterwarda,  however,  he  what  he  had  to  say  why  sentence  of 

aid  so.     ■'  But,"  said  the  witness,  death  and  execution  should  not  be 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,   &a                 353 

awarded  against  bim,  he  said  the  waylaid  Mr.  Watson ;  one  of  those, 

man  who  luid  on  the  table  told  the  William  Ryan,  was  not  here,  be- 

court  about  the  case  had  spoken  cause  in  another  place  he  was  under 

&lsely,  and  diet  he  had  never  seen  the  last  sentence  of  the  law  for 

bim  before.  another  mtirder;  another  of  them, 

The    Lord    Chief   Justice,    in  Patrick  Ryan,  was  tried  and  found 

passing  sentence  of  death    upon  guilty,  and  he  was  here  under  a 

bim,  used  langu^e  wUoh  could  similar  sentence ;  another,  Jamea 

not  {ail  to    make  a  fearfal  im-  Hayes,  who  was  near  the  spot  of  the 

pression  upon  all  classes  in  the  un-  murder  to  assist  its  perpetrators, 

happy  districts  cursed  with  the  wasfoundguiltyof beingoneof the 

system  of  terrorism  and  assassi-  principals  in  the  commission  of 

nation  which  the  Commission  was  thatonme,andhealsowa8nndertbe 

intended  to  put  down.      In  par-  sentence  of  the  taw.   And  now  the 

ticular  he  pointed  out   that  the  prisoner,  who  was  proved  to  be  one 

prisoner  haa  been  fonnd  guilty  of  of  those  who  were  instrumental  ia 

the  crime  of  being  accessory  to  the  inducing  those  infatuated  men  to 

commission  of  murder — in  other  commit  tliat  dreadful  crime,  was 

words,  of  having  been  instnimen-  there  to  receive  the  sentence  of  the 

tal  in  inducing  the  men  who  com-  law  that  dooms  death  as  the  pe- 

mitted  the  murder  of  Mr.  Watson  nalty  of  his   participation  in   it. 

to  perpetrate  the  crime.  They  had  Eight    months    had    not    passed 

now  before  them  all  the  circum-  since  its  perpetration,  and  four  bad 

stances,  from  the  first  to  the  last,  been  made  amenable  to  justice, 

connected  with  this  horrible  trans-  and  the  prisoners  life,  the  lost  of 

action.     It  had  been  traced  from  the  four,  was   about  to   be   pro- 

the  original  plot,  in  which  the  mar-  nonnced  forfeited  to  the  law.    Sel- 

der  was  planned,  to  the  proof  of  dom  had  been  presented  an  example 

guilt,  and  the  conviction,  at  pre-  of  a  more  vigorous  prosecution  of 

sent  at  least  of  four  persons,  who  thelawinhringingfelons  tojustice. 

were  now  under  the  last  judgment  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  then  re- 

of  the  law.     Six  persona  had  been  capitulated  the  deliberate  perpetra- 

charged  with  being  in  various  ways  tion  of  the  morder,  and  commented 

concerned  in  this  murder.    Two  of  in  severe  terms  upon  the  apathy  or 

them  were  jet  in  custody,  yet  un-  connivance    of   the  people;    and 

tried, andoflhemhewouldof  course  pointed  out  forcibly  the  necessity 

aay  nothing,  because  the  law  pre-  of  a  general  co-operation  of  the 

sumed  them  to  be  innocent  until  well-disposed  to  repress  the  frisht- 

their  guilt  should  have  been  esta-  ful  state  of  crime  which  prevailed, 

hlishea,  if  ever  it  shall  be  ;  but  of  The  prisoner  was  sentenced  to  be 

the  persons  who  were  engaged  in  hanged  on  the  19th  of  February, 

various  ways  in  the  commission  of  but,  as  he  was  not  an  actual  pej^e- 

this  crime,  it  was  well  to  point  at-  trator  of  the  murder,  that  part  of 

tention   to  the  manner  in  which  thesentenccwhichhassomnchhoi^ 

Providence  had  brought  four  to  ror  to  the  prejudices  of  the  Irish, 

justice  in  connection  with  their  "thatluabodyl>eburied  within  the 

partidpatdoQ    in    the    crime    for  precincts  of  the  gaol,"  was  omitted, 
which    they  are  now  under  the 

judgment  of  the  law.   The  murder  Thomas  M'Inbemey,  convicted 

was  perpetmted  by  two  men,  who  of  the  attack  on  M'Manon's  house, 

VoL-XC.  2  A 


354        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

in  which  one  of  the  M']fBh<Hi8ira8  force  from  a  hornble  crime  coin- 
killed,  and  the  other  men  who  miUed  the  evening  preceding,  near 
pleaded  guilty  to  the  same  offence,  Thurles ;— three  miBCreanta  seized 
were  then  put  forwuxt,  and  a  joung  girl,  violated  her  person. 

The   Lord  Chief  Baron,  after  and  then  murdered  her ! 

commenting  upon  the  atrocity  of  The  I<ord  Chief  Justice,  in  his 

their  crime,  said  the  sentence  of  address  to  the  Grand  Jury,  went 

the  Court  could  not  be  less  than  briefly  over  the  same  points  which 

awarding  against  them  the  penalty  had  formed  parte  of  the  addresses 

of  deatli ;  the  sentence  was  subse-  at  Limerick  and  Xhurtes ;  but  took 

quently    commuted   to   transport-  occasion  to  point  out  the  beneficial 

ation  for  life.  effects  which  had  already  followed 

James  Hem,  and  the  three  other  the  firm    manner    in    which  all 

men  who  had  been  found  gnilty  of  classes  had  performed  their  duties, 

posting  a   threatening  notice  on  firom  which   he  augured   a    mors 

Colonel   Vandeleur's    gate,    were  happy  future.     As    this  was    the 

sentenced  by  the  Lord  Chief  Jus-  last  place  in  the  Commission,  the 

tice  to  imprisonment  for  twelve  learned   Cbief     Justice    took   oc- 

mouths,  with  hard  labour  in  alter-  casion  to  point  oat,  in  an  admiis- 

nate  months.  ble  speech,  the  means  by  which 

Michael    M'Mahon,    who    was  this  desirable  state  was  to  be  ac- 

yesterday    found    guilty    of   con-  quired,  viz.,  by  the  union  and  as- 

spiriug  with  others  to  procure  the  sociatiou  of  all  classes  in  support 

murder  of  Boland,  was  then  placed  of  the  law ;  by  kindness  and  mode- 

in  the  dock,  and  ration  on  the  part  of  the  upper 

The  Lord  Chief  Baron  passed  classes,  and  not  only  by  an  afasti- 

sentence  of  death  upon  him ;  which  nence  from  crime  on  the  part  of  the 

was  afterwards  commuted  to  trans-  peasantry,  but  by  a  determination 

portation  for  life.  not  to  connive  at  crime,  nor  to  pro- 
tect evil  doers.     What  was   re- 

CLONMEL.  quired    was   what,  nnfortnnat«ly, 

.             „ ,  had  proved  not  to  be  the  national 

JanvaryU.  characteristics  —  self-reliance  and 

When  the  Judges   arrived  at  self  support.     But  let  them  make 

Clonmel,  to  hold  the  extraordinary  the  experiment ;  let  them  array 

session  under  the  Special  Commis-  the  friends  of  order  and  peace  on 

sioD,  there  were  upwards  of  four  their  side  for  self- protection ;  let 

hundred  prisoners  in    the    gaol,  them   endeavour    to  prevent  the 

charged  wilh  offences  of  different  commission  of  crime — it  was  the 

degrees.     The  cases  tried  were  province  of  the  law  to  punish  it. 
those  which  were  most  remarkable 

for  atrocity,  or  which  were  imme-  January  S6(A. 

diately  connected  with  the  pnedial  John  Lonergan  was  indicted  for 

offences  which  it  was  the  purpose  the  wilful  murder  of  Mr.  William 

of  the   Commission   to  suppress.  Hoe,  justice^f  the  peaoe,  of  Boy- 

Tbe   address  of  the  Lord  Chief  tonrath,  on  the  3nd  of  October  lo^ 

Justice  to  the  Grand  Jury  neces-  The  prisoner  is  a  man  of  slight 

sarily  embraced  tfae  same  topics  as  hut  active  frame,  about  26  years  of 

those  delivered  at  Limerick  and  age,  with  fine  features,  and  an  in- 

Clmimel;  but  it  derived  additional  telligent  but  veiy  stem  and  de- 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.  365 

termined  expression  of  cotmte-  ing  of  the  Snd  of  October,  about 
nonce.  His  appearance  betokened  ten  o'cloclc,  he  was  proceeding 
much  mental  Eoffenng.  thither  as  usual,  when  he  was  &red 
The  Attorney  -  General  said,  at  from  a  plantation  on  his  own 
the  prisoner  was  charged  with  property;  the  shot  struck  him,  and 
the  wilful  and  deliberate  murder  of  he  was  almost  instantly  dead.  The 
an  unoffending  fellow  -  creature,  question  the  jury  had  to  decide 
The  evidence  was  in  some  degree  was,  whether  that  shot  was  dis- 
circumstantial,  because  no  human  chargedby  the  prisoner,  or  whether 
eye  saw  the  murderer  discharge  he  was  present,  aiding  and  assiat- 
the  gun  with  which  Mr.  Boe  was  ing  the  person  who  diBcharged  it. 
shot ;  but  Btill  it  was  of  that  de-  It  would  appear  that  in  the  in- 
scription that  it  approached  almost  terval  between  the  dispossession 
to  actual  evidence  that  the  prisoner  and  the  mnrder-^bout  a  month — 
was  the  person  by  whom  the  mur-  the  prisoner,  upon  one  occasion, 
der  was  committed.  Mr.  Roe  was  said  there  were  some  persons,  whom 
the  proprietor  of  some  property  in  he  deeiguated  as  blackbirds,  whom 
this  county,  called  Boytonrath.  it  would  be  a  good  thing  to  bring 
There  were  several  tenants  npon  down,  and  perhaps  it  would  afford 
the  property,  and  of  a  portion  of  a  lesson  to  others — that  Mr.  Eoe 
it,  about  seven  acres,  James  Lo-  was  one  of  those  persons  whom  he 
neigan,  a  brother  of  the  prisoner,  designated  as  oppressors  of  the 
was  the  tenant.  Other  members  people,  and  that  he  ought  to  be 
of  his  fftmily  were  tenants  of  other  the  first  to  suifer  On  the  fatal  Snd 
parts  of  the  same  property.  In  of  October,  between  eight  and  nine 
consequence  of  James  Louergan's  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  prisoner 
being  in  arrear,  Mr.  Roe  found  it  was  seen  walking  about  a  field, 
absolutely  necessaiy  to  have  re-  which  was  so  situated  that  from 
course  to  law  to  enforce  the  pay-  the  field  and  a  ditch  in  it  he  could 
ment  of  his  rent.  Loneiwtn  still  have  a  full  riew  of  the  road  by 
refused  to  pay,  and  Mr.  Uoe  was  which  Mr.  Roe  would  come, 
compelled  to  qect  him.  A  writ  of  Having  remmned  in  the  ditch 
habere  was  issued,  and  in  the  latter  some  time,  until  probably  he  saw 
end  of  September  Lonergan  waa  bis  intended  victim  coming  along 
dispossessed  by  the  shenfT.  and  the  road,  he  moved  over  a  part  of 
possession  given  to  Mr.  Roe.  Mr.  the  field  to  the  boose  of  a  person 
Roe  principally  resided  in  Dublin,  named  Gautwel),  which  was  so 
but  he  had  a  residence  called  situated  that  it  commanded  a  view 
Rockwell,  near  the  land  from  which  of  the  road  for  a  very  considerable 
Lonergan  was  evicted,  and  about  distance.  A  woman  named  Maiy 
the  37th  or  !i6th  of  September  he  Quirk  would  prove  that,  having  oc- 
went  there  and  took  up  his  re-  csaion  to  go  from  her  residence  by 
eidence.  Rockwell  was  about  half  the  side  of  the  plantation  where 
a  mile  from  Lonergan'a  land,  and  Mr.  Boe  was  murdered,  when 
Mr.  Roe,  intending  to  retain  that  ibe  was  near  Cantwell's  bouse,  she 
land  in  his  own  occupatiou,  was  in  saw  the  prisoner  moving  towards 
the  habit  of  going  thither  almost  the  road  up  which  Mr.  Roe  must. 
every  day  from  his  own  residence  at  that  moment  have  been  coming, 
for  Uie  purpose  of  superintending  He  was  looking  np  the  road.  She 
some  improTemenls.   On  the  mom'  passed  o-   --^  — 


1  on,  asdwhen  the  prisoner 


866       ANNUAL    REGISTER.    1848. 

saw  her,  and  obsened  tint  she  was  puipoae  for'vhick  U  was  used  covU 
remarking  him,  he  came  down  the  be  merely  CDmectured,  bat  from 
roBd,  psseed  her,  and  went  to  his  the  recent  mana  of  powder  upon 
brother's  house.  There  were  some  it,  and  trom  its  sh^te,  it  was  pro- 
children  in  the  hoose  at  the  time,  bably  used  to  cover  the  piming  in 
whom  it  was  necessary  for  him  to  the  pan  of  the  gun.  The  P>per 
get  out  of  the  .way ;  he  accordin^y  had  some  writing  upon  it,  and  it 
put  them  ont  of  the  way,  and  im-  was  foand  to  correspond  with  a 
mediately  returned  to  the  grove  larger  piece  that  was  discovered  in 
from  which  the  shot  was  fired  the  pnsoner's  bouse  immediately 
which  killed  the  nnfortonate  gen-  after  the  commission  of  the  mnr- 
tleman.  Directly  after  the  shot  der.  It  further  appeared  that  the 
was  fired  he  was  seen  coming  from  prisoner  liad  been  previously  aeen 
the  plantation  to  his  own  noose,  nutting  a  gnn  in  order  in  a  room 
and  be  inmiedtately  took  to  flight,  in  hia  brother's  boose.  These 
In  about  an  hoar  afterwards  he  were  the  facts  of  tbe  case,  and  it 
was  aeen  some  two  miles  distant  would  be  for  the  jury  to  say 
in  the  act  of  running,  and  from  whether  they  were  sustained  I7 
that  day  lutil  the  34th  of  De-  the  witnessea  who  would  be  pro 
cember  last,  although  diligent  dnced,  and,  if  Ihey  were,  uiea 
.search  waa  made  for  him  by  the  whether  they  afforded  a  saiis- 
|ioUc«,  he  had  eluded  all  their  factory  proof  of  the  prisoner's  guilL 
efforts  to  capture  bim.  Several  The  bets  stated  by  the  Attoraey- 
peisons  also  saw  him  both  going  General  were  proved  by  tbo  wit- 
and  returning  from  the  spot  where  nesses.  The  following  endence 
the  murder  vrss  committed,  the  as  to  the  discovery  of  the  piece  of 
fatal  shot  having  been  fired  in  tbe  paper  is  so  aingnlar  an  instance  (^ 
interval.  But,  in  addition  to  the  the  providenra  of  God  for  the 
parol  evidence,  there  was  other  punishment  of  mtuder,  that  it 
-evidence  which  confirmed  him  in  on^t  to  be  recorded, 
the  belief,  strengthened  as  it  was  The  Honourable  U.  French,  a 
.by  the  results  of  the  triab  be  had  resident  msgistnte,  said  that  he  was 
attended  in  the  Isst  three  or  four  on  tbe  spot  about  half-past  twelve 
■weeks,  that  there  was  a  Frovideace  o'clock,  an  hour  and  a  h^  after  th« 
vbove,  who,  in  almost  every  case,  murder.  The  body  had  been  re- 
jsised  up  evidence  agunst  the  moved,  but  there  waa  a  pool  of  blood 
murderer.  From  the  place  where  ontbe^ond.  Inthehedgeoftha 
Vr.  Roe  fell,  there  could  be  no  plantation,  a  few  yards  nearer  to 
doubt  that  the  shot  was  fired  frnm  Bockwell,  there  waa  an  opening 
the  plantation,  some  of  the  shots  large  enongh  for  a  peiB(m  to  jump 
having  clearly  passed  through  the  through.  He  examined  it,  and  on 
boshes.  There  were  also  in  the  the  inside  he  found  tbe  gresa 
ditch  marks  of  the  footsteps  of  a  pressed  as  if  aperson  had  been 
man,  and  close  to  those  footsteps  lying  there.  The  opening  was 
were  fotmd  a  small  piece  of  paper,  oblique,  the  bushes  of  tbe  nedge 
about  the  size  of  a  penny — not  the  having  been  pushed  outwards,  and 
wadding,  for  that  iras  so  discoloured  from  behind  a  person  passing  along 
and  disfigured  it  was  impossible  to  the  road  could  be  distinctly  seetu 
identity  it ;  the  p^er  had  evidently  Some  of  the  twigs  about  tbe  open- 
been  recently  ^sposed  of,  and  the  ing  were  broken,  evidently  by  the 


LAW    CASES, 


367 


shot  of  a  gun,  and  directly  between 
the  back  part  of  the  openiug  and 
the  spot  miere  Mr.  Roe  fell.  Near 
the  opening  be  found,  on  the  fol- 
lowing day,  a  small  piece  of  paper 
(which  naa  produced),,  and  on  it 
were  written  the  four  letters, 
"  EGAN,"  part  of  some  name,  and 
some  figures. 

Constable  Hallam  here  produced 
a  piece  of  paper  which  be  had  dis- 
covered in  the  prisoner's  house  on 
the  day  after  the  murder,  and  it 
was  evident  that  this  and  the  piece 
found  at  the  scene  of  the  murder 
bad  originally  formed  one  piece. 

Mai7  Nugent  remembered  being 
at  dinner  with  some  other  girls 
at  Lonei^an  Morris's,  about  a 
fortnight  before  the  murder.  Upon 
that  occasion  a  man  came  and  asked 
for  a  drink  of  water.  Judy  Grady 
went  to  the  door,  with  one  or  two 
others  of  the  girls,  and  gave  him 
some  milk,  and  on  her  return  she 
said  the  men  had  been  talking 
about  bringing  down  some  black- 
birds, and  that  Mr.  Roe  would  be 
the  first.     ■ 

The  jury  retired  for  an  hour; 
on  their  return  they  pronounced  a 
verdict  of  "  Guil^." 

The  nest  case  was  one  under 
the  Whiteboy  code.  Five  men 
were  chaived  with  having  on  the 
26th  of  Hsptember  last  attacked 
the  hut  of  a  man  named  Mu- 
lamphy,  near  Nenagh,  destroyed 
his  furniture,  and  assaulted  turn- 
self  and  his  wife  and  daughters. 

They  were  fotmd  "  GuUty,"  and 
sentenced  by  the  Lord  Chief  Jus- 
tice to  transportation  for  seven 
years. 

January  ZQth. 

Heniy  Cody  and  Philip  Cody 

were  indicted  for  the  murder  of 

Edward  Madden,  on  the  9th  of 


July,  1847.  The  prisoners,  who 
are  brothers,  are  two  hardy  and 
athletic  peasants.  The  case  was 
remarkid>le,  from  the  murder  hav- 
ing been  committed  before  the  eyes 
of  at  least  100  persons. 

The  Attomey-Oeneisl  said  that 
the  unfortunate  man,  Edward  Mad- 
den, who  was  in  humble  life,  was, 
in  the  month  of  April  last,  severely 
beaten  by  a  party  of  men.  Ho 
charged  severol  with  being  con- 
cerned in  the  outrage,  and  amongst 
others  the  prisoner  Philip  Cody. 
Warrants  were  issued  for  their  ar- 
rest, and  some  of  the  party  were 
taken  and  punished.  Cody,  how- 
ever, contrived  to  keep  himself  out 
of  the  way.  That  prosecution  of 
the  party  was  the  only  cause  that 
could  be  assigned  for  the  murder. 
At  Eillemey,  in  this  county,  was  a 
large  wood,  belonging  to  the  Mar- 
quis of  Ormonde ;  and  in  the, 
month  of  July  last  a  number  of' 
persons  were  employed  by  his 
agent  in  felling  and  barking  the 
timber.  Amongst  the  labourers  eo 
employed  were  the  prieoneTs.  Mad- 
den was  also  employed  as  a  kind  of 
sub-steward,  to  superintend  somo 
of  the  work-people.  On  the  mom* 
ing  of  the  9th  of  July  Madden  was 
proceeding  with  many  other  per- 
sons towards  the  place  where  the 
workmen  met,  and  when  be  came 
within  nine  or  ten  yards  of  it  a 
shot  was  fired  from  behind  a  little 
breastwork  of  branches  and  bark, 
about  three  feet  high,  which  had 
been  thrown  up  during  the  night. 
The  shot  struck  poor  Madden,  but 
did  not  kill  him  immediately,  and 
he  was  enabled  to  run  away.  Three 
men  followed  him,  and  two  more 
shots  were  fired  at  him  as  he  ran 
along  the  road.  All  this  occurred 
in  ^e  presence  of  some  hundred 
people,  who  were  near  the  spot, 
bat  none  attempted  to  arreet  or 


368 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 


pursue  the  murderers !  The  poor 
nan  managed  to  reach  the  place 
where  he  was  lodging,  and  then, 
after  the  rites  of  the  church  bad 
been  administered  to  him,  be  made 
a  d;iug  declaration  that  when  the 
first  ^ot  was  fired  he  distinctly 
saw  Henij  Cody  discharge  it ;  and 
that  he  at  the  same  time  distinctly 
aaw  vfitb  him  the  other  piisoner, 
and  a  man  whom  be  did  not  know. 
As  soon  as  that  declaration  was 
known,  Cody  and  bia  brother  ab- 
sconded, and,  although  warrants 
were  immediatoly  issued,  Philip 
was  not  arrested  until  the  34th  of 
August,  and  Henry  not  until  the 
12Lh  of  September.  When  the 
latter  prisoner  saw  Ihe  policeman 
after  turn  be  began  running,  and, 
being  armed  with  a  rifle,  be  pre- 
sented and  twice  snapped  it  at  the 
policeman,  but,  fortunately,  with- 
out eSect. 

'  The  jury  returned  k  verdict  of 
"  Guilty"  against  both  prisoners— 
the  prisoner  Henry  Cody  guil^  of 
the  murder,  Philip  Cody  of  aicung 
and  assisting. 

January  28. 

William  Carty,  John  Daly,  Ed- 
ward Roughan,  and  John  Ryan 
were  indicted  for  firing  at  and 
wounding  Mr.  Richard  Uniacke 
Bailey,  near  Nenagh,  on  the  19tb 
of  November  last. 

Carty  being  ill  with  fever  in 
NttiagD  gaol,  Daly,  Roughen,  and 
Byanweie  arraigned  by  themselves. 
Ab  they  refiised  to  join  in  the  chal- 
lenges, Rnn  was  put  aside,  and 
Daly  and  Bouf^ian  were  then  tried 
ti^ether. 

The  Attorney -General  detailed 
the  oircumstaDoes  of  the  case.  Mr. 
Bailey  was  a  gentleman  of  pro- 
perty reeiding  about  three  miles 
and  a  half  from  Nenagh,  and,  be- 


ing agent  to  Beveral  landed  pio- 
pnetors  in  the  naigbbourhood, 
no  was  in  the  habit  of  attending 
every  Saturday  aC  an  office  in  Ne- 
nagh to  transact  the  business  con- 
nected with  bia  agencies,  and  was 
generally  detained  until  a  lat« 
hour  in  the  afternoon,  or  towards 
the  evening.  Previous  to  the  out- 
rage upon  him  which  they  had  dow 
to  investigate,  he  bad,  unfortu- 
nately for  himself,  been  obliged,  in 
the  discharge  of  bis  du^  to  Mr. 
Rowley,  one  of  his  emph>yers,  to 
have  recourse  to  the  law  against 
Daly,  to  recover  from  bim  a  sum 
of  6M.  or  701.  due  to  Mr.  Rowley. 
Daly  was  arrested  under  those 
proceedings,  but  was  rescued  frvm 
the  b&ili&.  As  &r  as  be  (the  At- 
tomey-Geneial)  could  judge,  these 
proceedings  against  Daly  were  the 
cause,  and  the  only  cause,  that  in- 
duced him  to  take  part  in  the  ont- 
lage  upon  Mr.  Bailey.  One  of  the 
principal  witnesses  in  this  case 
was  a  person  named  Dwyer,  who 
was  a  party  to  the  attack  upon  Mr. 
Bailey,  and  be  would  depose  that 
that  attack  was,  in  a  great  degree, 
planned  by  Daly  with  the  several 
other  prisoners,  and  that  an  ar- 
rangement was  made  between 
them  that  they  should  meet  on  the 
night  upcm  which  the  attack  was 
aftenranls  made  at  a  certain  place, 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Ne~ 
nagh,  about  the  time  when  Mr- 
Bailey  would  be  pissing  along  the 
road,  and  that  they  ^ould  then 
attack  him.  Accordingly,  on  the 
evening  of  the  13th  of  November, 
about  five  o'clock,  as  Mr.  Bailey 
was  driving  home  from  Nenagh  in 
a  gig,  accompanied  by  his  brodier- 
in-law,  a  gentleman  named  Head, 
as  they  passed  the  spot  which  the 
assailants  had  ^viously  agreed 
spon  for  the  attack,  shots  were 
fired,  and  Mr.  Bailey  was  most 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.  369 

dangerously  Koundeil  in  the  head  and  Daly  then  spoks  about  shoot- 
and  neck.  Mr.  Head,  who  vaa  Mr.  Bailey.  Soma  days  after- 
sitting  on  the  side  of  the  gig  nearer  wards  he  met  Daly  at  the  bouse  of 
to  the  spot  whence  the  shot  was  a  man  named  Connor,  and  Connor 
fired,  received  hot  a  very  slight  then  asked  him  whether  he  wonld 
wound,  the  shots  passing  over  him  shoot  Mr.  Bailey,  and  be  said  he 
and  striking  his  companion,  who  would.  Daly,  however,  was  not 
was  not  only  a  taller  man,  but  was  present  when  that  was  said.  That 
rused  higher  by  the  driving  seat,  was  the  day  before  the  attack ;  and 
Tt  would  appear  that  Rougban  it  was  then  arranged  that  they 
and  Carty  were  two  of  the  party  sbonld  meet  on  the  following  even- 
who  met  by  arrangement  to  make  ing  at  a  place  called  Cleaiy's  Fort, 
the  attack,  and  that  Rougban's  near  the  Nenagh  road,  along  which 
was  the  hand  by  wbk^  the  shots  Mr.  Bailey  would  pass.  He  ac- 
that  Btmck  Ur.  Bailey  were  fired.  cordinglywenttherewitbDaly.and 
It  waa  the  optnion  of  better  autbo-  a  ahort  time  afterwards  Roughan 
rities  upon  legal  matters,  and  it  and  Carty  came  up.  ■  Bougbait 
was  one  irom  which  be  was  not  had  a  blunderbuss,  and  Carty  a 
inclined  to  dissent,  that  the  evi-  gnn.  He  himself  bad  a  "leaded 
dence  of  an  approver,  unless  cor-  svritch."  They  loaded  the  guns 
roborated  by  other  testimony,  was  at  the  Fort  They  saw  two  men 
not  of  itself  sufficient  to  convict ;  wolfing  in  a  field  as  they  went, 
but  in  this  case  other  witnesses  Daly  and  he  had  before  changed 
would  be  produced  who  would  coats,  but  he  now  took  back  bis 
prove  the  going  of  Daly  and  own,  and  Daly  and  Carty  changed 
Dwyer  together  to  the  appointed  coats.  They  then  went  down  to 
place,  and  from  that  circumstance,  the  ditch  by  the  roadside,  and  lay 
coupled  with  Dwyer's  evidence,  the  in  it  behind  the  wall.  Daly  was , 
jury  would  probably  conclude  that  in  advance,  a  few  yards  nearer  to 
they  were  there  for  the  purpose  of  Nenagh,  and  Bongban  and  Carty 
attacking  Mr.  Bailey.  As  to  were  between  him  and  the  witness. 
Roughan,  evidence  would  be  pnn  He  heard  a  gig  approach.  Dalj 
doced,  independently  of  Dwyer's,  called  "  Halt,"  and  a  shot  was 
from  which,  if  it  were  of  authority,  fired,  but  he  conld  not  say  by 
it  would  be  proved  that  prior  to  whom.  No  signal  had  been  pre- 
the  commission  of  the  offence  viously  agreed  upon.  Daly  found 
Roughan  vras  a  party  to  the  con-  him  i^er  the  shot  was  fired,  and 
Bpiracy,  and  was  the  person  who  tbey  then  went  to  the  house  of  a 
had  fired  the  shots  which,  to  ose  man  named  Maher,  and  played 
his  own  expreeston,  had  "downed"  cards.  On  bis  croaa-e  lamination, 
Mr.  Bailey.  he  admitted  that  if  he  had  been 
William  Dwyer,  the  approver,  asked  to  murder  any  other  gentle- 
was  then  put  upon  the  table.  He  man  he  would  have  agioed  to 
was  a  stout,  broad-shouldered  fel-  do  it 
low,  about  twenty-five  years  old,  Janwiryii9. 
with  as  villainous  an  expression  of 

countenance  as  was  ever  stamped  The  first  witness  examined  this 

upon  a  human  face.     He  stated  day  was  a  tall,  reckless  young  fel- 

that  ten  days  before  the  attack  he  low,  named  Nicholas  Gamghan, 

met  Daly  at  a  bouse  in  Neu^  and  his  evideDoe  presented  a  sad 


ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1848. 


pictore  of  the  depraved  condition 
of  the  lower  classes  of  this  countr;. 
He  sud  that  Daly  was  married  to 
his  aunt,  and  that  he  had  been 
living  with  him  for  two  months 
befois  the  attack.  He  had  several 
conversations  with  Daly  about  Mr. 
Bailey's  being  shot.  Daly  said 
Mr.  Bailey  was  running  him  out  of 
his  house  and  home  on  account  of 
a  writ,  and  he  must  have  him  shot. 
He  asked  witness  to  do  it,  and  be 
said  he  would,  but  that  it  would 
be  a  bad  job  to  him  (Daly),  as  he 
would  be  the  first  taken  up,  on  ac- 
count of  the  writ  About  a  fort- 
night beface  the  outrase  was  com- 
mitted, Mr.  Connor,  who  was  also 
related  to  him,  offered  him  a  suit  of 
clothes  if  he  would  shoot  Mr. 
Bailey,  but  be  refused  unless  they 
would  give  him  money  enough  to 
take  him  out.  That  wse  agreed 
to,  and  Connor  told  him  that  he 
was  then  going  to  meet  two  other 
boya  about  ue  same  business. 
They  afterwards  met  by  appoint- 
ment at  a  public-bouse  in  Nenagh. 
'Boughao,  Carty,  Byon,  and  I^y 
were  there,  and  all  except  himseu 
were  drinking  whisky.  Bougban 
aaid  it  would  be  a  good  thing  to 
fihooE  Mr.  Bailey,  as  be  had  been 
tumbling  houses  at  Dungarrah. 
They  pressed  him  togowith  tfaom; 
he  at  Di-st  refused,  but  on  their  im- 
portuning him  he  at  last  consented. 
Boughan  had  a  gun,  and  Carty 
said  he  had  a  case  of  pistols,  lliey 
accordingly  started  Hom  Nenagh 
for  the  purpose  of  shooting  the  un- 
fortunate gentleman,  but  they  were 
BO  drunk  that  the  witness  said  he 


the  Thursday  u'ter  Mr.  Bailey  was 
attacked ;  but  en  that  day  he  met 
Boughan,  Byan,  and  Carty  at 
Hayes  puhuc-house  in   Nenagh, 


and  Ryan  then  asked  hun  why  be 
had  turned  back  on  the  first  n^t 
His  answer  was  that  they  were  too 
drunk,  and  he  was  afraid  of  ths 
police.  Boughan  said,  "Didn't I 
do  the  job  well — I  downed  bim." 
"  Whisht,"  said  Ryan.  "  Oh,  no 
fear,"  said  Boughan,  "  there's  no- 
body bore  to  speak  of  it,"  and  be 
repeated  his  words,  "  I  did  it  well, 
1  downed  him."  Byan  then  Bud, 
'■  Oh,  as  to  that,  we  all  had  a  band 
in  it.  He  is  not  dead  yet,  but  he 
may  be  down  in  a  short  time." 

On  bis  cross-examinatian  be  nid 
he  agreed  to  murder  Mr.  Bailor 
because  Daly  and  Connor,  who  hu 
asked  him  to  do  it,  were  related 
to  bim. 

'■  Then,"  said  Mr.  Rollestou,  "I 
suppose  you'd  murder  me  if  tber 
had  asked  you?"  —  "By  gob,  I 
vrould,"  was  bis  reply. 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of 
"  Guilty"  as  to  Daly,  but  of  "Not 
Onilty"  as  to  Boughan. 

Janvary  31. 

Terence  Corboys  was  indicted  for 
the  murder  of  Patrick  Gleeson  on 
the  ITthof  October  1840.  His  nit- 
fortunate  victim  was  a  person  in 
humble  life,  and  the  only  oflence 
be  had  given  was,  that  he  filled 
the  unpopular  office  of  procea- 
eerver  under  the  sheriff,  and  in 
the  course  of  bis  duty  had  served 
a  notice  on  the  prisoner's  father. 
The  murder  was  committed  in  the 
open  day — not  only  in  the  pre- 
sence of  many  men,  women,  and 
43hi]dren,  but  they  actually  mofed 
a  short  distance  from  the  spot  iu 
order  to  give  the  assassin  suffident 
room  for  its  perpetration. 

On  tiie  15th  of  October,  1846, 
Gleeson,  in  the  discharge  of  bis 
invidious  duty,  proceeded  firom  his 
residence  in  Nenagh  to  serve  some 


L  A  W    C  A  S  E  S,    &c.                   861 

notices  at  the  vilkge  of  Oarra-  from  Waterford  to  Brietol,  ia 
bona,  one  of  thp  worst  localities  in  October,  1846.  There  was  a  great 
the  county.  On  that  occasioa  be  storm,  and  the  prisoner  was  reij 
was  pelted  with  mud  and  dirt  by  a  much  frightened.  The  captain 
number  of  women  who  bad  aa-  wanted  them  to  assist  in  managinff 
eembled  together  for  the  purpose,  the  sails,  but  the  prisoner  could 
but  he  was  allo^red  to  perform  his  not  for  fear.  He  was  on  his  knees, 
duty  and  return  home  without  an  at-  calling  to  God  to  save  him.  Wit- 
tempt  having  been  made  on  his  life,  ness  tliought  there  must  be  some- 
Two  days  snbeeqnently  he  had  to  thing  on  his  mind,  and  asked  him 
revisit  ttie  vill^e  for  the  purpose  what  was  the  matter  with  him ; 
of  serving  additional  notices.  His  but  he  said  "  Nothing."  On  reach- 
coming  was  expected,  and  the  pri-  ing  Bristol  they  went  on  to  New* 
eoner  was  prepared  to  prevent  nis  port,  and  there  lodged  at  the  same 
ever  returning  alive.  Oleeson,  on  bouse,  and  in  the  night,  aa  they 
the  morning  of  Saturday,  the  17th  slept  together,  the  prisoner  told 
of  October,  between  eight  and  nine  him  that  he  had  left  Ireland  for 
o'clock,revisitedGarTafanna,  trans-  ahooting  a  man  named  Oleeson, 
acted  his  business,  and  was  on  his  and  that  he  had  shot  him  with  B 
return,  when,  at  a  short  distance  blunderbuss, 
from  the  village,  the  prisoner  came  The  jury,  without  hecntation, 
out  of  a  ditch  by  the  side  of  the  found  the  prisoner  "  Guilty." 
road  and  presented  a  blunderbnss 

at  him.    He  entreated   the  pri-  The    scene  which    the   Court- 

soner  to  spare  his  life,  and  pro-  honae  presented  this  morning  has 

mised  that  never  again  would  he  scarcely  ever  been  paralleled.  Five 

disturb  the  peace  of  the  village  as  human  beings,  four  of  whom  were 

a  latitat  server.     But  the  prisoner  convicted  of  murder,  and  the  fiM 

was  not  to  be  moved ;  he  told  the  of   an   attempt   to   commit  that 

poor  wretch  "  be  had  bad  his  life  crime,  stood  side  by  side  in  the 

long  enough,"  and  instantly,  in  the  dock  to  hear  the  dreadful  sentence 

worda  of  the  witness,  "blowed"  of  the  law  which  consigned  them 

the  contents  of  bis  blunderbuss  to  a  violent  and  ignominious  death, 

through  him.     The  poor  fellow.  When  they  were   asked  what 

though  be  was  shot,  did  not  imme-  lliey  bad  to  say  why  sentence  of 

diately  fall;  the  prisoner  ran  up  death  should  not  be  passed  upon 

to  him,  knocked  him  down,  and  them,  one  of  them  said,  "  A  long 

whilst  he  lay  on  the  ground  frac-  day,  my  Lord,"  another  declared 

tared  bis  ektdl  with  the  butt  end  his  innocence,  and  the  others  were 

of  his  blunderbuss.    There  were  silent. 

a  number  of  women  and  children  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  sud : 

within  fifteen  or  sixteen  yards  of  JohnLonei^n,youhavebeen tried 

the  spot,  and  the  prisoner,  before  and  found  guilty  of  the  wilful  and 

he  fired,  called  to  them  to  move  deliberate  murder  of  William  Boe; 

further    off.       The   prisoner    ab-  you,  Henry  Codyand  Philip  Cody, 

Bconded,  and  was  not  discovered  have  been  found  guilty  of  the  wilfnl 

until  April  last,  when  he  was  or-  murder  of  Edward  Madden ;  you, 

reeled  in  Wales.  Terence  Corboys,  have  been  found 

John  Cleaiy  said,  he  was  a  fel-  guilty  of   the   williil   murder  of 

low  passenger  with  the  prisoner  Patrick  Gleeson;   and  you,  John 


362        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

Daly,  have  been  foand  guilty  of  a  or  by  the  infirmities  of  our  ratme, 
nulicioas  and  wilful  assault  on  the  but  of  that  worst  q)edes  of  crime, 
peivon  of  Bichard  Uniacke  Bailey,  the  crime  of  assassination — the 
with  intent  to  murder.  I  feel  it  most  horrible  and  hateful  shipe 
impoesible  to  conceiTO  a  more  the  crime  of  murder  can  aasame. 
awful  or  melancholy  spectacle  than  In  the  prime  of  manhood  yon  all 
you  now  exhibit  Five  men,  in  the  stand  there  branded  with  the  cha- 
prime  of  life,  in  the  vigour  of  man-  racter  of  assassins,  a  disgrace  to 
nood,  stand  at  that  bar  to  hear  the  yourselves,  to  ynnr  country,  and  to 
aentence  by  which  your  days  will  your  nature.  Oh  1  that  the  spec- 
be  numbered  and  your  lives  cut  tacle  which  now  preeenta  itself 
short  I  would  that  in  the  con-  may  work  out  the  great  ends  d 
sideration  of  any  of  yotir  cases  I  refonoation,  and  the  prevention  of 
oonld  discover  one  mitigating  fact,  crime — that  those  who  are  pulBn- 
one  gleam  of  humanity,  but  I  am  ing  the  course  that  has  led  to  you 
constrained  to  say  that  the  case  of  destruction  may  see,  in  the  &te 
one  and  all  of  you  presents  crime  which  shortly  awaits  yon,  that  if 
of  the  most  atrocious  character,  they  will  not  be  turned  and  de- 
instigated  by  a  vindictive  and  san-  terred  by  other  nwtires  from  th«ir 
guinaiy  spirit;  in  every  one  of  career  of  guilt,  the  course  of  Ae 
your  cases  there  was  deep  preme-  law,  though  slow,  is  sure,  and 
ditation ;  and  a  long  interval  be-  that  sooner  or  later  the  murderer 
tween  the  formation  and  execution  will  be  tracked,  detected,  and 
of  your  murderous  design — an  in-  brought  to  condign  punidunent 
terval,  Qod  knows,  long  enouf^  to  fiat  there  are  other  classes  i^ 
awaken  in  you  some  sense  of  pity  ought  to  take  a  lesson  of  warning 
and  compassion,  some  degree  of  from  your  &te;  there  are  those 
compunction  and  remorse,  but  all  who  have  taught  yon  to  "  avenge 
failed ;  you  went  forth  to  your  fell  your  wrongs,"  who  have  justified, 
and  deadly  purpose — a  purpose,  palliated,  and  excused  your  crimes, 
too,  accompliBhed  by  means  so  and  they  most  be  responsible  for 
desperate  that  incorrigibly  wicked  the  consequences — those  conse- 
roost  be  the  hearts  of  those  by  quenceswhichareeihibitedinyoor 
whom  it  was  plotted  and  perpe-  dreadful  cases.  Such  doctrine  and 
trated.  The  whole  course  of  your  such  teaching  has  been  prodoclive 
crimes  has  bean  marked  with  nn-  of  such  cases  as  yours.  But  there 
relenting  cruelty,  and  vrith  that  cow-  is  another  class  upon  whom  I  wnn- 
ardice  which  is  always  attendant  der  that  all  that  has  occurred  has 
upon  a  cruel  and  vindictive  spirit  made  no  impression.  Some  of  you 
You  armed  yourselves  with  deadly  have  wives — some  of  you  have  pa- 
weapons,  you  attacked  your  victima  rents — some  of  you  luve  children 
when  they  were  not  prepared,  when  —you  have  friends  and  relatives, 
they  were  defencdess  and  inca-  Have  they  done  their  duty,  and 
pable  of  resistance,  when  they  ex-  warned  you  against  the  crimes  that 
pected  no  danger,  and  you  sent  have  brought  yon  to  destruction? 
them  with  all  their  sins  upon  their  Have  they,  who  knew  yonr  designs, 
heads  into  the  presence  of  Al-  warned  you  against  the  perpeUa- 
mighty  God.  Yon  etand  there  tion  ?  Have  they  endeavoured  to 
convicted,  not  of  murder  caused  by  prevent  them,  and  used  their  in- 
sodden  resentment  or  excitement,  fioenoe  to  aave  yoo  ?    Sony  pm  I 


LAW    CASES,    &c.  363 

to  say  that,  from  what  I  have  wit-  Louei^aii  and  Dalj  listened  to 
nessed,  the  friends  and  relatives,  the  address  of  the  learned  judge 
vbo  ought  to  have  been  true  to  with  the  most  distressing  watm- 
jou,  who  ought  to  have  been  your  fulness,  and  as  be  announced  their 
protectors,  have  been  the  first  to  fate  Daly  raised  bis  eyes,  and  ap- 
concur  in  bringing  yon  to  justice ;  pe&red  to  be  repeating  to  himself 
for  if  they  did  not  prevent,  they  some  short  prayer.  The  other 
have  in  some  degree  caused  those  three  unhappy  men  heard  their 
crimes  which  have  brought  you  doom  with  the  same  stolid  indif- 
here.  Let  your  Dale  be  a  warning  feronce  that  had  marked  their  con- 
to  them ;  and  whatever  may  b«  duct  during  their  trial, 
the  calami^  and  affliction  which 

your  death  may  produce  to  your  Six  men  &om  the  neighbour- 
friends  and  reUtives,  let  it  he  a  hood  of  Coodbome,  in  the  Barony 
warning  to  save  from  destruction  of  Lower  Ormond,  were  then 
others  who  are  traversing  the  same  charged  with  assaultiiig  the  dwell- 
course."  ing-house  of  a  man  named  Ralph, 
His  Lordship  then  passed  upon  on  the  36th  of  October,  and  steal- 
them  Bent«nce  of  death  in  the  ing  certain  property  therefrom, 
usual  form,  directing  all  of  them  The  jury  found  all  the  prisoners 
bnt  Daly  to  be  buried  vrithia  the  "  GuUty  "  of  the  chai^. 
precincts  of  the  gaol.  Henry  and  Sentence  was  deferred,  and  on 
Philip  Cody  and  John  Lonergon  their  being  removed  from  the  dock 
were  executed  on  the  let  of  March,  four  other  "  boys,"  from  the  same 
Corbojs  and  Daly  on  the  4th  of  the  barony,  were  tried  for  on  offence  of 
same  nxinth.  the  same  description. 


b,GoogIc 


864        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 


STATE   TRIALS. 


COURT  OF  QUEEN'S  BENCH,  delivered ;  becwae.  m  to  the  actaJ 
Bp«Mh  itMlf.  be  reall;  thought  it 

DvBLiii,  May  16th.  would  not  be  donied  or  contro- 
verted   by  Mr.    O'Brien   or  hia 

Bffbr*  LoiB  Chief  Justo:b  Blmk-  g^ungeL  that  the  tendency  of  the 

.»»  ««f  «  Sp^cud  Jury-  ap^jch,  BDd  the  olgectin  dellyw- 

The  Queeh  v.  William  SiiiTa  ing  it,  was  to  eidte  difiafiection, 

CBbikk.  hatred,  ana  contempt  of  the  Uo- 
veminent  of  Her  Majesty;   that 

Mr.   Fernn    opened    the    pro-  the  tendency  and  ol^ect  of  that 

ceedingB  by  informing  the  Court  speech  was  to  excite  the  people  to 

and  Juiy  that  the  traverser  at  the  nse  up  in  rebellion  against  the 

bar,  Ur.  William  Smith  O'Brien,  lawful    Sovereign ;    that    anolliflc 

had  been  arraigned   upon  an  ex  object  was  to  induce  the  people  to 

offieio  informatiun,  chuging  him  endeavour   by  force    of  anns    to 

with  having  delivered  a  speech  on  cause  and  procure  changes  to  be 

the  15th  of  March,  in  the  parish  made  in  the  constitution  of  the 

of  Saint  Thomas,  for  the  purpose  country.     They  also  said  that  one 

of  exciting  hatred  and  contempt  of  the  objects  was  to  induce  the 

against  the  Queen  in  Ireland,  and  military  and  constabulary  to  join 

inducing  the  people  to  rise  in  re-  in  such  attempt ;  and  they  further 

bellion.  The  traverser  had  pleaded  said,  that  another  of  the  objects 

"  Not  Guilty."  was  to  induce  the  people  to  believe 

The  Attorn^- General  said  that,  that,  if  they  made  such  attempts, 

as  Mr.  Perrin  had  informed  them,  they  might  rely  upon  the  co-opera- 

the  traverser  at  the  bar  stood  there  tion  ana  assistance  of  the  milttaij 

to  answer  a  chaise  that  he  felt  it  and  police.    If  he  should  be  able 

to  be  his  doty  to  exhibit  against  to  prove  to  the  jory,  beyond  all 

him— namely,  that  upon  the  15th  doubt,  from  the  speech  vluch  that 

of  March,  at  a  meeting  of  the  gentleman  had  delivered,  that  sadi 

Irish  Confederates,  he  delivered  a  was  the  object  with  which  it  had 

speech  of  a  most  seditious  character  been  delivered,   no    doubt    coold 

and  tendency.    They  charged  that  remain  as  to  what  their  duty  would 

in  the  deliveiy  of  that  speech  he  be  upon  that  occasion :  their  duty 

was  actuatod  by  motives  and  feel-  would   be,    regardless   of   conse- 

inga  that  rendered   him  respon-  qnences,  and  in  accordance  with 

sible  in  a  criminal  court  for  his  Uie  eotemn  obligation  of  the  o«th 

conduct  upon  that  occasion;  and  which  Uiey  bad  taken,  to  do  justice 

that  was  the  only  matter  which  they  to  their  country  by  a  verdict  of 

had  to  det«rmme,  namely,  as  to  guilty.     He  entertained  no  donbt 

the  object,  motives,  and  intentionB  that  he  would  be  able  to  prove  that 

with  which  that  speech  bad  been  the  speech  had  the  tenden<7  whidi 


STATETRIALS.  365 

he  ascribed  to  it ;  if  u,  he  could  Ternment  vould  have  beea  in  the 
not  persuade  himself,  if  the  jury  highest  degree  criminal.  He  had 
whom  he  addressed — holding  as  meationed  already  to  the  jury  the 
they  did  such  a  stake  in  the  object  and  iatent  by  which  they 
country,  possessed  of  property  and  alleged  Mr.  O'Brien  had  been  in- 
statdon — ^were  satisfied  of  the  truth  fiuenced  in  deliTsring  the  speech ; 
of  the  charge,  that  they  would  before,  however,  he  called  their 
shrink  from  the  honest,  honour-  attention  to  the  speech  itself,  he 
able,  and  conscientious  discharge  was  justified  in  reminding  them  of 
of  their  duty.  Nobody  was  more  the  time,  place,  and  occasion  upon 
tmwilliDg  than  the  humble  indi-  which  the  speech  was  delivered, 
vidua)  who  then  addressed  themt  It  was  delivered  at  a  meeting  of  a 
without  the  most  dire  necessity,  to  body  who  called  themselves  the 
bring  before  a  jury  of  his  country-  Irish  Confederation.  That  society 
men  what  was  called  a  State  pro-  was  professedly  established  by  se- 
secution,  either  for  matters  pub-  cedere  from  an  association  of  which 
lished  in  the  public  press  orspoken  Mr.  O'Connell  was  generally  sup- 
by  a  person,  than  both  himself  and  posed  to  be  the  head,  and  was 
the  Government  of  whom  he  was  formed  principally  because  the  pro- 
the  servant ;  he  would  further  say,  ceedings  of  uiat  association  were 
that  the  Government  had  forborne  confined  within  the  strict  bounds 
as  long  they  could  from  instituting  of  the  law.  Mr.  O'Connell  per* 
that  prosecution,  and  appealing  to  suaded  himself  that  he  would  be 
the  laws  of  the  countiy  in  conse-  able,  by  peaceable  and  conatilu- 
quence  of  the  daily  and  perpetoal  lional  means,  to  obtain  changes 
violation  of  the  laws,  boUi  by  which  he  fancied  would  be  bene- 
papers  and  the  public  speeches  of  ficial  to  the  country.  Such  otgects 
several  peiwns  who  were  connected  might  be  properiy  so  attempted; 
with  the  BOinety  of  which  Mr.  but  it  was  another  thing  when 
O'Brieu  vras,  if  not  the  leader,  at  they  were  attempted  to  be  gained 
least  the  most  distinguished  mem-  through  the  medium  of  rebellion 
ber.  So  long  as  the  proceedings  of  and  civil  war.  The  speech  was 
the  society  were  confined  to  the  Go-  delivered  by  Mr.  O'Brien  at  a 
vemment.or  to  individual  members  meeting  of  the  Irish  Confederation, 
of  the  Government,  they  were  d».  and  the  punwrt  of  it,  as  proved 
terminedtorestupontheconsciouB-  by  the  words  that  fell  from  the 
ness  of  Itaving  discharged  their  duty  lips  of  Mr.  O'Brien  himself,  was, 
honestly  and  honourably,  according  that  it  was  the  right  of  a  nation 
to  the  best  of  their  means,  for  the  situated  as  Ireland  was  to  obtain 
protection  of  society;  but  when  by  force  of  arms  whatever  con- 
that  society,  of  which  the  traverser  cessions  might  be  refused  by  Eng- 
was  a  member,  were  not  content  land.  The  time  was  not  less  im- 
with  abuse  of  that  description,  and  portant;  it  was  within  a  short 
bod  recourse  to  that  with  which  he  fortnight  after  the  time  when 
was  then  charged — namely,  with  monarchical  institutions  were  over- 
an  attempt  to  excite  sedition  and  thrown  in  France,  and  a  republic 
rebellion,  and  plunge  the  conntry  established  in  its  place ;  but  with 
into  civil  vrar— he  believed  he  was  those  circumstances  they  hod  no- 
justified  in  saying  that  further  for-  thing  to  do;  but  he  trusted  they 
heaance  on  the  port  of  the  Go-  voold  not  lend  themselves  to  any 


366        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

partj  whose  object  it  ma  to  efSeet  throw.  We  betiere  diat  the  alle- 
ftsiinUarrercdntioniaduBcaDiitiy,  sianceof  Irisbmen  is  doe  to  Ir»- 
by  the  inteirention  of  a  dvil  war.    und  alone,  and  that  an^  one  who 

The  object  for  whit^  the  meetiiig  gives    his    allegiance    to   another 

wBS  usembled  was  to  vote  an  ad-  coimtiT'  is  guilty  of  treason  to  fajs 

dress  from  the  Confedenition   to  own."     It  would  be  for  the  jiuy 

the  citizens  of  the  French  Re-  l^-aiid-b^  to  declare  whether  bj' 

public.     Bearing  this  in   mind,  these     statements     Ur.     Smith 

when  be  should  read  to  the  jtny  O'Brien  did  not  in  direct  terms 

the    portion   o(    the    speech    de-  imply  diat  Ireland  was  one  of  those 

livered  by  Mr.  O'Brien,  be  asked  oppressed  oatioDS  whose  right  it 

diem  calmly  and  deliberately  to  was    to    assert    their    liber^  by 

lay  their  hands  npon  their  hearts  arms.     He  wonld  not  trespass  on 

and  say.  did  any  of  them  enters  the    time   of  the  jory  by  going 

tain  a  doubt  as  to  the  object  with  through  the  whole  of  Mr.  O^rien's 

which  the  speech  was  delivered?  speech,  as  portions  of  it  had  no 

As  he  had  mentioned,  a  speech  immediate  bearing  on  the  charges 

was     delivered     by     Mr.     Smith  then  preferred  against  him,  but  he 

O'Brien,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Irish  would  merely  cdl  tbeir  attention 

Confederation  which  was  held  On  to  those  parts    of   it  iriiich   had 

the    I5th  of    March    last      Mr.  reference  to  such  portims  as  ap- 

O'Brien,  who  spoke  first,  proposed  peered  to  his  mind  dearly  and  be- 

tbe  adoption  of  an  address  that  yond  all  doubt  to  show  the  objects 

had  been  agreed  on  by  the  com-  and  intentions  of  the  speaker.    In 

mittee  of  the  Confederation,  to  be  one  place  be  said — "  Now,   with 

presented  to   the  citizens  of  the  respect  to  the  landlords  of   this 

French   Republic.      Mr.  O'Brien  country,  I  have  been  disappointed 

commenced   bis  speech   on  (hat  by  the  course  they  have  taken, 

erening,  by  stating  that  a  commu-  with   reference   to    the    national 

nication  hod  been  received  from  affairs,    during    the    last    twelve 

the  Aughrim   Confederate    Club,  months.    There  are  some  of  them 

This  address  was  important,  iuas-  whodontseemct^bleof  generoos 

much  as  it  wonld  be  a  key  to  the  emotions ;  yet  we  must  endeavour 

whole  speedi  upon  which  he  pro-  to  win  this  class  to  ns.  It  is  not  tin- 

posed  to  comment  hereafter.    This  seasonable  that  I  should  suggest  to 

manifesto  contained,  amongst  other  them  that  it  is  exceedingly  unwise 

language,    the    following    expree-  and  unsafe  for  any  of  them  to  take 

flions: — "  This  is  our  opinion,  that  part  against  the  Irish  people.     I 

the  soil  of  Ireland,  and  eveiy  part  do  not  apprehend  that  mycountry- 

thmeof,  and  all  profits  and  emoln-  men  will  resort  to  butchery  or  mas- 

ments  to  he  derived  dierefnoa,  be-  sacre ;  bat  I  do  think  it  probaide 

long  to  the  Irish  people,  and  not  that  if  they  (the  landloids)  take 

to  uie  citizens  of  any  other  country  part  gainst  the  Irish  people,  and 

whatever.     We  believe  that  the  that  the  Irish  nation  should  tii- 

rigfat  to  make  laws  for  the  Irish  nmph,  diat  then  it  is  likely  their 

nation  belongs  to  the  Irish  people  properties  will  be  carried  to  the 

alone,  and  thit  the  legielatioa  by  naticmal  trtaanrj."    Now  let  him 

the   English  Parliament  for  Ire-  ask  the  jury,  in  sober  eunestneas, 

land  is  an  usurpation  which  the  vriiat  was  the  ol^ect  of  this  advioef 

Irish  pec^le  have  a  right  to  over-  What  opportunity  was  to  occur  tfaat 


STATETRIALS.  367 

was  to  gire  rise  to  such  circum-  nortli  and  .west  of  Ireland?  Can 
stances,  and  render  it  unsafe  and  you  believe  that  these  noble  men, 
unwise  for  the  landlords  of  Ire-  after  receiving  in  tliis  country  the 
land  to  take  part  against  the  Irish  greatest  kindness  and  hospitality 
people?  What,  also,  was  the  from  her  people,  will  be  prepared 
meaning  of  the  expression,  that  to  butcher  in  cold  blood  the  people 
the  property  of  the  landlords  was  of  this  nation,  when  contending 
to  be  carried  to  the  Irish  treasury?  for  their  legitimate  rights?  I,  for 
Might  he  ask  was  it  the  object  of  one,  lAill  not  believe  it;  and  I 
Mr.  O'Brien  that  one  of  the  fruits  therefore  say  it  is  your  business  to 
of  the  revolution  of  ^vhicb  he  fraternize  with  the  soldiera  of  the 
talked  should  be  this — that  unless  British  army."  What  would  the 
those  who,  by  their  honest  in-  jury  say  was  the  object  of  this 
dustry,  had  accumulated  the  means  allnsiou  ?  Was  it  not  either  to  in- 
of  eupportiog  themselves  and  fa-  duce  the  British  army  to  take  part 
milies,  chose  to  join  with  him  in  in  the  intended  outbreak,  or  was  it, 
his  revolutionary  attempts,  their  on  the  other  band,  to  alarm  those 
properties  should  be  confiscated  to  who  were  indisposed  to  take  part 
the  national  treasury?  Was  such  in  his  proceedings — that,  in  point 
an  avovfol  an  encouragement  to  any  of  fact,  the  people  might  rely  on 
but  adeluded  fool  to  lend  hiscoun-  the  assistance  and  co-operation  of 
tenanco  to  such  a  proceeding  ?  The  the  soldiers  ?  "  You  have  been  in 
next  paragraph  of  Mr.  O'Brien's  the  habit,  many  of  you,  of  looking 
speech,  immediately  in  connection  on  the  police  force  as  a  hostile 
with  the  subject  matter  of  the  pre-  force ;  I  say  that  sentiment  ought 
sent  indictment,  bed  reference  to  to  be  diEcharged  from  your  bosoms, 
the  soldiers  of  Her  M^esty's  The  police  force  are  Irishmen,  like 
army,  and  the  constabulary  of  yourselves.  There  are  10,000  of 
Ireland.  He  said,  "  Now  I  will  them.  They  are  as  fine  a  body  of 
invito  you  also  to  fratemize  vrith  men  as  ever  held  a  musket,  and  if 
other  classes  whom  you  have  been  their  energies  were  properly  di- 
in  the  habit  of  consideriug  as  hos-  rectod  they  would  become  the  safe- 
tile."  What  did  Mr.  O'Brien  guard  of  this  country.  Therefore, 
mean  by  the  term  "fraternize?"  I  will  not  invito  you  to  consider 
Did  be  mean  it  as  an  adrice  to  his  these  men  as  joar  enemies.  Of 
deluded  hearers  that  they  should  course,  as  long  as  the  present  state 
endeavour  to  seduce  the  mililair  of  things  exists,  they  are  quite 
from  their  allegiance  to  the  Bntish  sure  of  losing  their  places  if  they 
Crown? — "As  I  said  before,  I  showed  any  sympathy  with  the 
don't  believe  that  the  British  people ;  but  if  they  knew  that  the 
soldiers  throw  off  the  feelings  of  time  was  rapidly  coming,  when 
bnmanity  when  they  put  on  their  every  exertion  made  by  such  a 
red  coats."  And,  alluding  to  the  force  as  that  to  vindicate  the  free- 
Sootdi  soldiers,  who  were  eaid  to  dom  of  this  country  would  be  ap- 
be  much  relied  on  by  the  Govern-  predated  and  prized,  and  become 
nent,  he  stated,  "  Can  you  forvet  the  subject  of  Aiture  honour 
that  these  Scotch  soldiers  are  also  throughout  all  generations  to  them 
children  of  the  Gael,  that  they  and  Uieir  posterity,  I  cannot  be- 
speak the  same  language  that  is  lieve  that  10,000  Iiishmen,  clad 
spoken  throughout   part    of   the  in  their  native  green,  would  be 


S68        ANNUAL    RE  GIST  ER,  1848. 

found  the  enemies  of  Irishmen."  aid  that  70a  ongfat  exclnsiveljr  to 
Was  it  possible,  he  (the  Attamej-  teij : 
General)  would  abk,  that  any  ra- 
tional being  could  use  such  exprea- 
sionB  as  these  except  as  an  induce- 
ment W  the  police  force  to  join  in 
an  outbreak  for  the  sake  of  a  fu-  Was  this  language  to  be  oaed  b;  a 
ture  reward,  which  was  in  store  for  subject  who  had  sworn  allegiance 
them  should  they  do  so?  Mr.  to  Her  M^esty?  or  were  thej  to 
O'Brien  then  proceeded  to  call  on  assume  that  because  Mr.  Smith 
Irishmen  to  irateniize  with  the  O'Bnen  had  persuaded  himself 
people  of  England,  and  next  he  that  a  Repeal  of  the  Union  would 
asked  them  to  &atemize  with  the  be  adrantageoua  to  Ireland,  he  was 
French  people,  in  the  following  entitled  to  use  it  at  a  moment 
t«rms : — "  And  now  I  come  to  when  no  human  mind  could  tell 
another  class  of  fratemitj',  to  which  but  that  in  one  short  week  or  fort- 
I  apprehend  none  of  jou  will  oh-  night  England  might  have  been 
ject.  I  mean  that  we  should  fra-  involved  in  a  war  with  France  ? 
temize  with  the  French.  Now  I  The  A ttomej- General  then  read 
am  soriy  to  find  that  some  oh-  extracte  from  Mr.  S.  0|BrieQ'a 
serrations  that  fell  from  me  on  speech,  in  the  course  of  which  that 
the  last  evening  have  been  mis-  gentleman  quoted  the  opinions 
understood  with  reference  to  a  of  Ledru  Rollin,  Louia  Blanc, 
French  invasion.  I  meant  to  say  and  Lamarttue  upon  the  policy  of 
this,  and  I  repeat  it  to-night,  that  afibrding  aid  to  foreign  Powers, 
if  this  country  had  a  Parliament  Mr.  O'Brien  also  advocated  the 
of  its  own,  and  that  if  an  un-  necessity  of  forming  an  Irish  bri- 
fouaded  aggresaion,  an  nnpro-  gade  in  America.  Now  (continued 
voked  agression,  were  made  on  the  Attorney- General),  was  this 
England,  we  having  such  a  Parliar  Irish  army  in  America  for  orna- 
ment, that  it  is  exceedingly  pro-  ment,  or  to  assist  Mr.  O'Brien  and 
hable  that  the  English  people  his  dependents  when  they  formed 
would  find  that  the  Irish  were  the  new  republic  ?  This  he  (the 
their  best  allies  whenever  the  in-  At tomey- General)  contended  was 
vasion  might  come.  But  I  said  the  real  object,  to  induce  those 
this,  and  I  repeat  it  to-night,  that  (the  Americans)  to  establish  an 
BO  long  aa  Ir^and  baa  not  a  Par-  army  in  America,  which  could  not 
liament  of  her  own,  if  England  be  legally  he  established  in  Ireland, 
threatened  with  an  invasion,  it  is  and  which  he  most  confidently  and 
my  opinion  that  the  people  of  this  respectfully  submitted  was  merelj 
country  nill  not  lift  a  hand  to  as-  a  subterfuge  that  men  of  sense  and 
eist  them.  I  know,  for  my  part,  I  judgment  would  clearly  compre- 
vill  not  give  them  any  hint  to  bend.  The  traverser  was  a  gentle- 
assist  them,  and  I  tell  them  more,  man  of  education  and  station,  and 
that  I  believe  so  long  as  this  he  knew  that  if  in  direct  terms  ha 
country  has  no  Parliament  of  its  advised  the  formation  of  an  army 
own,  uie  French  anny  would  not  in  Ireland,  he  would  be  placing 
be  considered  by  the  people  of  himself  within  the  bounds  of  trea- 
Ireland  invaders  on  their  soil;  son,  and  perhaps  forfeit  his  lifej 
but  I  tell  you  it  is  not  on  foreign  whereas,  acting  more  prudently. 


STATE    TRIALS. 


he  kept  vithin  tbe  law  for  mis- 
demeanor, Trhich  onlj  subjected 
him  to  impriBonment.  This  was 
the  subterfuge  that  wae  had  r»- 
conrae  to  to  avoid  danger ;  so  that, 
instead  of  adnsing  the  formatioit 
of  a  brigade  in  Ireland,  he  ad- 
vised its  formation  in  America, 
and  it  was  to  be  wafted  to  the 
shores  of  Ireland  when  the  Irish 
republic  was  established.  The 
learned  counsel  upon  the  other 
Bide  would  scarcely  attempt  to  jus- 
tify the  language  he  had  read; 
and,  as  jurors,  no  was  sure,  even 
if  thej  considered  a  change  in  the 
constitution  advisable,  they  would 
agree  with  him  that  the  course 
pursued  by  Mr.  O'Brien  to  produce 
that  change  was  illegal,  and  was 
such  as  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the 
country.  The  learned  judge  would 
inform  them  of  the  law  of  the  case, 
which  he  (the  Attorney- GenemI) 
submitted  was  clear,  and  showed 
the  ill^ality  of  the  traverser's 
conduct— showed  it  to  be  opposed 
both  to  law  and  his  oath  of  allegi- 
ance, in  which  he  swore  to  defend 
Her  Majesty,  her  crown,  and  dig- 
nity, against  all  conspiracies  and 
dangers.  Most  of  the  gentlemen 
whom  be  had  the  honour  to  ad- 
dress had  taken  the  same  oath, 
and  he  was  sure  they  would  not 
fail  to  sustain  it  by  finding  accord- 
ing to  the  law  and  tbe  evidence. 
"  If  you  think  (said  the  Attontoy- 
Oeneral)  the  motives  such  as  I 
have  stated,  I  entertain  no  doubt 
that  you  will  do  your  duty  and 
give  a  verdict  for  the  Crown ;  but 
u  I  am  mistaken — if  by  any  possi- 
bility you  conclude  that  the  lan- 
guage of  this  speech  bears  another 
meaning— if  you  think  the  intent 
was  to  attain  what  was  sought  by 
lawful  and  constitutional  means — 
if  you  believe  this  was  a  candid 
and  proper  discussion  of  public 
Vol.  XO. 


matters,  legitimately  carried  on, 
^u  will  give  your  verdict  acoord- 
ingly;  and,  though  that  verdict 
should  be  ssainst  the  Crown,  I 
shall  be  peructly  satisfied  that  I 
am  vm)Dg  in  the  conclusion  I  draw 
from  the  speech — that  I,  as  an  ad- 
vocate, look  upon  it  in  a  different 
hght  from  the  jurors.  But  I  en- 
tert^n  no  doubt  on  the  subject;  I 
sincerely  say  I  do  not  entertain  a 
shadow  of  doubt  that  your  verdict 
will  be  such  as  it  ought." 

Tbe  speech  was  proved  by  Mr. 
G.  3.  Hodges,  a  shorthand  writer, 
employed  by  the  Government,  who 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  Con- 
federation in  that  character,  and 
avowedly  for  tbe  purpose  of  taking 
down  the  proceedings  of  the  so- 
ciety. The  counsel  for  the  pri- 
soner admitted  the  speech.  The  ~ 
only  other  vritness  was  Edward 
Bannon,  Inspector  of  Police,  who 
also  proved  the  delivery  of  the 
speech. 

Mr.  Butt,  Q.C.,  addressed  die 
jury  on  behalf  of  the  traverser, 
and  said,  in  this  case  be  was  coun- 
sel for  the  traverser,  Mr.  O'Brien, 
and  it  was  his  duty  to  endeavour 
to  satisfy  them  that  he  had  not 
committed  a  crime  for  which  they 
ought  to  find  him  guilty.  He  was 
deeply  anxious  for  the  issue.  He 
appeared  to  defend  no  ordinary 
man  at  the  bar  of  this  court  that 
day.  At  the  bar  of  this  Court 
stood  arraigned  for  sedition  a  man 
high  in  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew 
him,  a  man  of  ancient  family  and 
lineage — a  bmily  and  lineage  so 
ancient  that  the  Viceroy  who 
prosecutes  him  is  proud  to  boast 
relationship  to  his  blood ;  not  a 
man  who  has  nothing  to  lose, 
but  a  man  of  fortune,  a  man  of 
station,  a  man  with  everything 
that  can  make  life  desirable,  and 
who    has    embarked   and    risked 

3  B 


370       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

all  be  poeseasea  thu  da;,  in  tbat,  to  know  if  in  England  it  «u  said, 

wlwdter   it   be  right  or  wrong,  "  l%e  right  to  mdte  lawa  for  Eng- 

whidi  ha  belierea  to  ba  for  his  liabmei)  belonga  to  Eo^ai^,  and 

countiy'a  good.     And  irfaen  faa  re-  to  the  peofde  (n  no  other  conntrf,** 

Seoted  that  the  effect  of  a  verdict  wonld  the  EngHsfa  AttxHner-Oe- 

of  guiltj  wonld  be  to  eonaign  each  neral  dare  to  stand  iqi  in  aa  £ng- 

a  man  to  a  priacm,  he  was,  he  con-  lish  court,  and  call  upon  an  Eng^ 

frased,  anxious  for  them,  for  him-  lish  juty  to  convict  the  man  who 

aeir,  and  for  the  counUy— for  all  had  said  so  ?  Ho  (Mr.  Butt)  would 

coold   not   be    right  in    a   coun-  show  them  preaently  that  Xjord 

try  in  which  such  a  man  as  Mr.  PInnket.  Chief  Justice  Buebe,  and 

O'Brien  was  guilty — if  guilty  Iher  Saurin   had   demanded  the  aame 

pronounced  him  to  be — of  sedi-  thing  for  Ireland;  and  if  ao,  would 

tion.     The  real  qoestion  on  which  any  jury  convict  Mr.  O'Brien  for 

they  were  to  pronounce  their  opi-  merely  repeating  the  sentiments, 

uion  was,  whether  the  language  im-  for  saying  what  those  illuatrions 

pnted  to  his  dient was  seditious  or  Irishman    had    frequently    said? 

not.    It  was  not  a  question  to  be  The  right  of  an  oppressed  nation 

decided  on  any  technioal  maxim  of  to  assert  ita  liberties  hy  arms  ww 

the  law.     They  bad  a  Tory  diffi-  the  admitted  theoiy  of  the  British 

cult  duty  to   perform — their  ver-  constitution,  which  recognised  that 


in  the  plainest  and  most  distinct  1688  was  nothing  else  than  an  as- 

terms  that  language  oould  supply  sertion  of  the  people  of  their  right 

him  with,  that,  whether  this  speech  to  vindicate  their  liberties  by  arms, 

be  seditious  or  not,  they  and  they  and  there  was  a  time  when  an  At- 

alone  were  the  judges.     The  At-  tomey-Qeneral  would   have   bees 

tomey-General  bad  not  given  them  impeached  for  attempting  to  dispute 

a  definition  of  sedition;  but  he  their  right    Works  were  written 

would  give  them  one,  and  in  doing  and  taught  in  their  universities  in 

so  he  would  ask  tbem  to  oonsider  which  the  ri^t  he  advocated  was 

if  Mr.  O'Brien'e  speech  was  not  held  as  inviolable.      The  learned 

language  which  any  freeman  had  a  gentleman  here  referred  to  Locke 

right  to  use  ?     And  he  would  also  and  Foley  in  support  of  his  aign- 

adduce  instances  of  much  stronger  ment,  and  contended  that  bis  client 

language  being  used  by  the  most  had    never    uttered    a  sentiment 

illustrious  of  their  fellow  oountiy-  which  did  not  agree  with  the  senli- 

men  in  former  times.     He  wonld  ments  propounded  by  those  writera, 

now   coll    their  attention  to   the  and  taught  even  to  the  students  of 

speech  complained  of,  not  so  much  nnivorsities  in  their  colleges.     Be 

to   the   parts    read   as    the   parts  (Mr.  Butt)  now  came  to  the  speech 

omitted  by  the  Crown — and  also  of  the  traverser,  and  he  would  re- 

to  the  You^ial   address.     With  quest  of  the  jury  to  listen  to  it 

regard  to  the  latter  document,  no  without  prejudice.     He  was  not 

juiy  could  find  Mr.  Smith  O'Brien  going  to  deny  it ;  on  the  contniy, 

guilty  upon  account  of  it,  even  he  admitted  it  was  an  advice  to  the 

supposing  it  were  seditious,  be-  Irish  nation  to  put  themselves  in 

cause  it  did  not  contain  his  words;  an  attitude  to  be  able  to  vindicate 

but,  even  if  it  did,  he  would  like  their   liberties  if   assailed.     He 


S  T  A  T  E    T  R  I  A  L  S.  371 

madetfaEtiidinission.aiklfaesabmit-  &a  oonasel,  so  &r  from  being  a 
ted  it  was  one  fully  borne  out  bj  sodidoae  adTuer,  ns  a  good  bmi- 
Um  Bill  of  Itigbta  ostablisbed  in  tinflL  Th«  rwdict  irhich  that 
1088,  irfien  James  II.  was  dnven  English  joty  returned  waa,  that 
from  the  throne  because  he  resorted  the  aconeed  vas  not  gaikj.  They 
to  arfoiOary  meaHuns,  and  dis-  pronoimoed  that  the  traverMr  had 
armed  a  large  portion  of  his  auh-  not  done  anrthing  but  his  dut^  aa 
jecte.  Ilie  officers  of  the  Crown  a  citisen.  Let  liie  jury  not  be 
bad  not  set  out  the  speech  of  the  afraid  to  give  their  verdict  boldly, 
traverser  fiillj  on  the  &ce  of  the  and  let  them  recollect  that  the  re- 
indictment, and  he  (Ur.  BnU)  enltof  a  verdict  of  not  guilty  would 
would  not  qnarrel  with  the  omis-  be,  that  the  system  of  which  he 
sion ;  but  he  would  aay  that  a  complained  must  henceforward  be 
great  deal  was  left  oat  which  qna-  abandoned — the  treating  this  coun- 
iified  the  other  parts.  Mr.  O'Brien  tiy  as  a  conquered  nation ;  and  the 
had  disclaimed  republicanism,  as  English  Ministry  would  be  taught 
he  then  did  on  his  behalf,  asser^  that  the  best  security  for  British 
ing  that  he  was  then,  as  healwi^  dominion  in  Ireland  would  have 
was,  a  firm  supporter  of  monarchy,  been  to  have  acted  a  differont  part, 
tuider  the  Qaeen,  Lords,  and  Com-  and  to  have  devised  means  of  rais- 
mons  of  Inland;  and  he  would  ing  Ireland  into  the  poeidoa  of 
snfTer  death  on  the  Bca£Md  sooner  a  happy  and  proeperous  nation, 
than  deny  those  principleB.  He  The  learned  Counsel  then  referred 
had  made  no  attempt  to  Bnhveot  to  die  declaration  of  the  Volunteers 
the  Queen's  authority  in  Ireland,  of  176S.  Was  there  a  man  in  that 
He  wished  to  restore  the  ancient  jury  box,  he  would  boldly  ask,  Re> 
constitution,  bnt  not  to  subvert  the  pealer  or  not,  satisfied  with  the 
power  of  the  Monarch.  He  (Ur.  rdations  of  this  countir  to  the  en- 
O'Brien]  BQ^ested  a  peaceful  meet'  pire  at  large  ?  He  did  not  believe 
ing.  and  advised  the  people  to  bold  then  was.  What  had  been  the 
it  in  opposition  to  the  proclamation  course  of  the  English  nation  to- 
of  the  Lord- Lieutenant  He  (Mr.  wards  Ireland  for  centuries  ?  No 
Bntt)  denied  the  right  of  any  matter  what  their  opinion  might  be 
Government  to  make  laws  by  pro-  ontbeabstraotmeritsoftheUnion^ 
clamation.  Mr.  O'Brien's  spMch  he  would  boldly  ask  them,  had  the 
contained  the  assertion  of  a  ri^t  United  Parliament  done  justice  to 
that  did  belong  to  every  British  this  country?  Did  they  know  that 
sal^ect,  namely,  to  resist  the  Go-  Irish  questions  were  disposed  of 
vemment  if  it  interfered  illegally,  in  the  English  Parliament,  not 
Mr.  03rien  had  a  perfect  right  with  referenoe  to  their  merits,  to 
to  put  forward  that  sentiment,  the  benefit  of  the  conntiy,  or  to 
The  learned  Counsel  then  referred  the  public  opinitm,  but  with  re- 
to  the  case  of  John  Biuns,  tried  at  ference  to  the  convenience  of 
Warwick  in  1707.  The  learned  the  English  Parliament?  Could 
Judge  then  told  the  jury  what  he  they  point  oat  to  him  any  measures 
(Mr.  Butt)  then  told  tbem  idso,  based  on  the  real  good,  and  di- 
that  if  the  ExecutiTe  attempted  rected  to  the  roal  prosperity  of  Ire- 
improper  interference,  so  fiirfrom  land,  ever  passed  through  the  Eng- 
tmstance  being  a  crime  it  was  liA  Commons  ?  Had  the  Union, 
~"~'~"  m,  and  the  man  who  flare  as  it  had  been  administered  in  tbs 
2B3         _ 


372        ANNUAL    REGISTEB,   1848. 

United  FarliAment,  given  security  nhom  it  iras  addressed  nndentood 
to  property  and  life  in  Ireland?  it;  for  it  nu  no  matter  vhti 
Let  the  murders  that  disgraced  the  passed  in  the  speaker's  miod  when 
country — let  the  late  Special  Com-  speaking,  his  intentions  were  onlj 
missions  answer.  Had  the  Union  to  be  judged  by  tus  words,  vhich 
fostered  their  nianufiu:tures — bad  ebonld  be  considered  ss  bearing 
it  enriched  tho  landlords  of  Ire-  the  meaning  they  appeared  to  in- 
land? Let  them  go  and  ask  the  port;  for  the  law  did  not  allow  a 
shopkeepers  of  the  city  whether  man  to  put  a  different  coDStruction 
they  could  get  their  accounts  paid  on  his  words  from  their  ordinirj 
by  the  struggling  gentry  of  Ire-  meaning.  With  regard  to  the 
land?  Had  it  elevated  the  con-  question  of  Repeal,  the  Union  tbej 
dition  of  the  agricultural  popula-  knew  consisted  in  the  Acts  of  the 
tion?  Did  they  hear  the  other  Irish  and  British  Parliaments- 
day  that  it  was  lately  proved  in  a  the  Acts  of  the  two  Legislatures, 
court  of  justice,  that  a  woman  kept  Acta  which  could  only  be  repealed 
the  dead  corpse  of  her  child,  in-  by  an  Act  of  the  Imperial  L^sU- 
stead  of  giving  it  Christian  burial,  ture.  There  was  no  other  power 
that  she  might  preserve  her  own  by  which  the  Sepeal  of  the  Uoioa 
life  by  devouring  its  flesh?  Did  could  be  legally  obtained,  and  it 
not  eveiy  man  agree  in  saying  the  was  perfectly  lawful  for  any  one  to 
present  state  of  things  could  not  contemplate  that  object,  for  it  ms 
continue ;  and  what  was  that  pro-  the  right  of  every  man  to  send 
eecution  for  but  to  repress  that  representatives  to  Parliament  for 
sentiment?  He  would  appeal  to  the  purpose,  to  petition  PaHia- 
them  as  Irishmen,  and  in  doing  ment,  and  te  adopt  any  other  le^ 
BO  he  did  not  think  he  was  doing  course  he  thought  proper.  Within 
wrong,  when  he  reminded  them  the  limits  of  law  everT  man  had  i 
that  the  traverser  was  charged,  right  to  ask  for  repeal ;  but.  how- 
pleaded  not  guilty,  and  in  legal  ever  he  might  do  so,  be  was  not 
phrase,  "  put  nimself  on  his  coud-  te  be  allowed  to  cany  out  his  riews 
tiy."  It  was  as  his  countrymen  by  force,  or  the  threat  of  force,  or 
tfaej  were  to  try  him,  and  not  as  of  foreign  invasion,  foreign  troops. 
aliens.  The  learned  gentleman  foreign  money,  and  foreign  assist- 
said  in  conclusion,  —  Gentlemen  ance ;  such  acts  were  acte  of  trea- 
of  the  jury,  proclaim  that  the  day  son  if  carried  out,  and  advisii^ 
for  insulting  Ireland  has  gone  by,  their  adoption  was  sedition.  There- 
and  tell  the  British  Minbter  that  fore,  if  it  was  their  opinion  that  the 
he  is  a  traitor  to  the  Queen  who  traversers  speech  was  of  this  cbt- 
advises  her  to  found  the  British  racter,  they  should  consider  it  so- 
power  in  Ireland  upon  any  other  dilious.  and  seditious  in  a  high  de- 
thon  the  affections  of  the  Irish  gree.  His  Lordship  then  referred 
people.  to  Mr.  O'Brien's  speech  as  read  by 
The  Chief  Justice  having  reca-  die  Attorney- General,  and  the 
pitulated  the  various  charges  con-  addresses  adopted  to  the  French 
tained  in  the  information  against  people,  on  which  he  commented 
the  traverser,  said  that,  in  consi-  at  length.  The  topics  of  defence, 
dering  the  s^ech  mode  by  him  it  the  unmeasured  condemnation  of 
would  be  their  duty  to  recid  it  and  the  Act  of  Union,  and  the  various 
understand  it  as  the  persons  to  abstract  questions  touched -upon  bf 


STATE    TRIALS. 


the  traverser's  counsel,  should  not 
lead  them  astray  from  the  real 
question  to  be  decided,  which  he 
had  no  doubt  they  would  honestly 
decide,  regardlese  of  pr^ndice. 

The  Jury  retired  at  htdf  past  six 
o'clock.  When  the  Court  met  on  the 
following  morning  at  ten  o'clock 
they  were  called  into  court,  when 
they  informed  his  Lordship  that 
there  was  no  likelihood  of  theii 
agreeing,  and  they  were,  with  tJie 
consent  of  the  Attorney- General, 
discbai^ed. 

Jlffiy  ]6tA. 
The  Queen  t>.  T.  F.  Meaqhbs. 

In  this  case  Thomas  Francis 
Meagher  was  arrayed  on  an  «ai 
officio  information,  filed  by  the  At- 
torney-General, for  uttenng  a  se- 
ditious Bpeech  on  the  ISth  March 
last,  at  tlie  Irbh  Confederation ; 
being  the  same  occasion  on  which 
Mr.  Smith  O'firien  had  deliTered 
the  speech  for  which  he  had  just 
been  tried  and  acquitted.  As  the 
result  in  this  was  the  same  as 
that  in  Mr.  O'Btien's  case,  it  is 
mmecessary  to  give  the  details  of 
the  trial.  Two  ucts,  however,  may 
be  noticed.  Upon  the  jury  beiug 
called  into  court,  they  were  asked 
by  the  Lord  Chief  Justice— Are 
you  likely  to  agree,  gentlemen  ? 

The  Foreman. — We  are  not,  my 
Lord. 

Mr.  Ferrall  (one  of  the  jurors). 
— We  are  all  agreed,  my  Lord,  but 
one,  and  he  is  a  Boman  Catholic. 

The  other  fact  which  it  is  de- 
urahle  to  notice  is,  that  these  ore 
the  speeches  so  much  referred  to 
in  the  subsequent  trials  for  high 
treason. 


COMMISSION  COURT. 
Ddblo. 


The  Qdeen  v.  John  Mitohbll. 
The  traverser  in  this  case,  Mr. 
John  Mitchell,  was  the  proprietor 
of  the  United  Irithman  newspaper, 
and  was  arrested  under  a  warrant 
chai^ng  him  with  felony  under  the 
llthVict  c.  12,  entitled  "An  Act 
for  the  better  Security  of  the  Crown 
andGoTemment."  Two  several  bills 
of  indictment  were  found  by  the 
Grand  Jury  against  Mr.  Mitchell 
for  this  felony ;  to  each  of  these 
he  handed  in  a  plea  praying  that 
the  indictment  might  be  quashed, 
on  the  ground  that  one  of  the 
jurors  is  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  the  borough  of  Dublin,  and  as 
such  disqualified.  As  these  were 
merely  dilatory  pleas,  on  the  SOtb 
April,  the  Attorney- General,  for 
the  purpose  of  avoiding  delay,  en- 
tered a  noUe  prosequi  to  each,  and 
filed  ex  o^cio  informations  against 
Mr.  Mitchell.  To  this  Mr.  Mitchell 
put  in  a  plea  in  abatement,  on  the 
ground  that  as  the  indictment 
found  against  him  by  the  jury  had 
not  been  quashed,  but  only  a  noUe 
jntaequi  bad  been  entered,  he 
could  not  be  called  upon  to  answer 
an  information  except  upon  the 
oaths  of  twelve  men.  The  Crown 
demurred  to  the  plea  as  insuf- 
ficient, and  the  Court  held  the  plea 
to  be  bad.  The  Attorney- General 
then  called  upon  the  traverser  to 
plead  forthwith.  He  pleaded  "Not 
Guilty." 

May  24tA. 
A  true  bill  having  been  found 
against  the  traverser  by  the  Grand 
JuiT.  he  was  called  upon  to  plead 
to  the  indictment;  but  his  counsel 
raised  another  objection,  and  pro- 


374         ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

poaed  to  applj  to  the  Coart  to  againit  tlw  tisTMwr,  and  a  jmr 

qoaah  the  indictment  altogether,  vaa  theo  avorn. 

OD  the  ground  that  there  were  two  John  Mitchell  was  then  plteed 

distinct  charges  of  felon;  contained  at  the  bar,  and  arnigDed  for  Monj. 

in  the  indictmeDt,  whereas  by  rule  The  AtUffne;- General  atated  the 

of  law  it  was  clear  that  two  diatinct  case  on  the  jmrt  of  the  Crown,  and 

felonies  eonU  not  be  iduu^ged  in  pointsd  out  at  great  length  tb 

the  Bame  indictment.    This  eon-  diatinctiaa  which  existed  between 

tained  a  charge  that  the  traveno!  the  law  aa  amended  by  the  reetnt 

endeavoured   to   take    awa;   tha  etatate,  and  what  it  wu  prerioualj, 

stj^^B.  honour,  and  royal  name  of  and  then  read  in  succeaaiou  the 

onr  Sovereign  lisdy  the  Quem  ;  paasages  of  the  traverser's  apeechta 

and,  second,  that  he  had  sought  to  and  writinga,  which  were  the  fouft- 

lev7  war   against    Her    Miyesty,  dation   of   the   criminal    chargM, 

Iwr  heirs  and  saccesaoia.      The  upon  which  he  commented  as  he 

Court  overruled  the  objecliai^—  proceeded.  Before  Apni  last,  then 

there    was   no    inconaiatency   or  were  in  activity  several  associations 

repugnancy  in    th^  two    felouiea  of  politicians,  whose  object  was,  bj 

caused   in   the  indictment — the  le^  and  conatitutianal  agitatum, 

two  felonies  charged  only  varied  and  the  formation  ef  a  puUic  opi- 

the  ofi^ce,  but  did  not  vitiate  the  nion  in  their  &vonr,  to  accomplish 

indktaient.  tha  repeal  of  the  Legislative  UnioK 

Sir  Caiman  O'Loghlen  then  ap-  of  the  two  countriee.     In  suchta 

plied  for  leave  to  demur  to  the  in-  olyeot  there  was  nothing  iUe^ 

dietment,  and  plead  over  to  the  But  a  party  separated  itself  fans 

felony;  and  then  for  the  postpone-  thoae  so  associated,  with  the  pro- 

ment  of  the  trial  on  the  ground  fessed  intention  to  gain  the  repeal 

that  they  had  not  been  able  to  ef  the  Union  by  force  and  violeaca. 

serve  a  material  vritnesa.    These  In  that  state  of  things,  the  Gmwn 

dilatory   proceediDga   passed,    the  and  Govenmient  Security  Act  had 

trial  was  appointed  to  be  had  on  been  passed,  making  it  a  tran^ortr 

the  i)5th  May.     The  Court-House  able  felony  to  compass  or  intend, 

presented  a  acene  of  great  excite-  either  the  deprivation  end  depoii- 

ment.  tion  of  the  Queen  from  Her  stfls, 
bonoar,  and  royal  name  of  the  im- 

Mtiy  251A.  perial  Crown  of  the  Unitod  King- 

The  panel  being  called  over,  dom,  or  the  levying  war  against 

Sir  Colman  O'Lc^hlen,  on  be-  Her  in  Her  kingdom,  to  fbrce  Her 

half  of  the  prisoner,  handed  in  a  to  elMnge  Her  measures  or  coun- 

ohallenge  to  the   array,  on    the  aeU.    The  present  proaecudon  had 

ground  that  it  had  been  arrayed  been  instituted  against  Mr.  Ulit- 

in  a  favourable  and  partial  man-  cheliforacontraveutionofthislaw: 

ner  to  our  Lady  the  Queen,  and  and  the  evidence  of  his  crime  con- 

to  the  prejudice  of  the  said  John  sbted  in  reports  of  speedies  made 

Mitchell.   The  Crown  joined  issue,  by  him,  and  of  articles  writtm  bj 

Triers  were  appointed.     The  lub-  him,  both  published  in  his  ftftf 

ject  was   argued  at  great  length,  called  the  United  Irithman,  unce 

The  prinoipid  objection  was  to  the  the  passing  of  the  AcL 

disproportion  of  Itoman  Catholics  The  first  publication  founded  an 

to  Protestants.    The  trien  found  for  the  prosecution  was  the  re- 


STATE    TRIALS. 


375 


port,  in  the  Vnittd  Iruhman  of 
the  7th  of  May.  of  a  q>eeoh  made 
by  Mr.  Uitcbell  at  "  a  soiree  to 
th«  persecuted  patiiota,"  hdd  in 
Limerick  on  the  30th  of  April. 
In  that  speech,  alluding  to  a  mob 
outside  the  room   in  which    he 

rke,  who  bad  been  instigated  to 
V  a  Tioleat  antipathy  to  him, 
and  who  ultimately  broke  into  a 
riot  on  account  of  hu  presence, 
Mr.  Mitdiell  said  be  would  prefer 
a  Provisional  Government  selected 
out  of  the  mob  that  was  then 
bellowing  in  the  street,  to  the 
British  GoTemment.  He  openly 
advised  the  resort  to  mlent  mea- 
sures:— 

"  Can  I  repudiate  the  last  speech 
of  Mr.  O'Brien  in  the  British 
Parliament— one  of  the  noblest, 
clearest  statements  of  Ireland's 
case— the  very  hanghtiest,  grandest 
deBanee  flung  in  the  face  of  Ire- 
land's enemies  that  ever  yet  fell 
from  the  lips  of  man?  Or  can  I 
condemn  the  alternative  put  by 
Mr.  Meagher,  who  says,  when  the 
last  constitutional  appeal  shall  be 
made  and  shall  fail — 'Then,  up 
with  the  barricades,  and  invoke 
the  God  of  battles?'" 

He  would  respectfully  ask  of 
Mr.  Holmes,  who  was  to  follow 
him  in  the  prisoner's  defence, 
what  meaning  but  one — that  of  a 
physical  resort  to  barricades  and 
battle— eoold  be  suggested  con- 
cerning this  passage?  Mr.Milchdl 
was  reported  in  bis  paper  to  have 
proceeded  thus ; — 

"No;  all  the  seditions  and 
treasona  of  these  gentlMSOQ  1 
adopt  and  accept;  and  I  ask  for 
more.  ('  Hear,  near ! ')  Whatever 
has  been  done  or  said  by  the  most 
disafiected  penoa  in  all  Ireland 
agtunst  the  existence  of  the  party 
which  calb  itself  the  Government, 
nothing  con  go  too  far  for  me. 
Whatever  public  treasons   there 


are  in  this  land,  I  have  stomach 
for  them  all.  [Loud  eheerinff.) 
But,  sir,  have  we  not  bad  in  Ire- 
land somewhat  too  much  of  this 
adopting  snd  avowing,  as  also  re- 
pudiating and  disavowing,  what 
has  been  said  or  done  by  others? 
Might  we  not,  perhaps,  act  with 
advantage  less  as  parties,  and  more 
as  mere  men,  each  of  us  on  his 
own  individual  responsibility? 
('  Hear,  hear !')....  In  short, 
I  have  long  felt  that  I  belong  te  a 
party  of  one  member — a  party 
whose  basis  of  action  is  to  think 
Bud  act  for  itself — whose  one  fun- 
damental rule  is,  to  speak  its  mind. 
Its  secretary,  committee,  libraiian, 
and  treasurer,  are  all  one  in  the 
same  person;  and  in  its  proceed- 
ings, I  assure  you,  there  reigns 
the  most  unbroken  unanimity.  Se- 
riously, sir,  I  know  no  other  vray 
of  insuring  both  honest  unanimi^ 
and  independent  co-operation  than 
this  very  way  of  mine;  and  with 
these  views  and  sentiments,  you 
may  be  sure  I  am  not  likely  to 
misconceive  the  motive  of  your 
kindness  in  asking  me  to  join  your 
party  to-night  1  am  here,  I  be- 
lieve, OS  your  guest  on  one  account 
alone ;  you  will  say  whether  I  state 
it  truly.  I  am  here  not  as  a 
Jacobin  (wliich  I  am  not),  nor  as  a 
Communist  (which  I  am  not),  nor 
even  as  a  Republican  (which  I  am), 
but  simply  tmd  merely  because  I 
am  a  bitter  and  irreconcilable 
enemy  to  the  Britbh  Govern- 
ment." 

After  a  review  of  "  the  cause," 
and  some  advice  as  to  succeeding 
steps,  Mr.  Mitchell  went  on  ■.— 

"  It  is  better  that  the  leaders 
should  be  colled  to  encounter  danr 
ger  in  the  courts  of  justice  first, 
than  that  it  should  fall  on  a  people 
not  yet  prepared  in  the  field.  But 
while  we  meet  the  enemy  in  the 
Queen's  Bench,  we  have  a  rigb'  ' 


376        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 


call  upon  jou  to  sustaia  ub  by  a 
firm  and  uQiveraal  avowal  of  youi 
opinion.  On  the  constjtnents  of 
Smith  O'Brien  especially  devolves 
tluB  duty.  While  the  British  Par- 
liament calls  his  exertions  '  trea- 
son' and  'felony,'  it  is  for  his  con- 
Btitnents  to  dedere  that  in  all  this 
treason  and  felony  he  is  doing  his 
duty  by  them.  And  more  than 
this — it  is  your  duty  further  to 
prepare  eystematicalty  to  sustain 
him,  if  it  come  to  that,  in  arms." 

What  these  arms  veere  for,  was 
made  plain  in  immediately  subse- 
quent words : — 


first  time  I  have  ever  been  is  the 
presence  of  the  daughters  of  those 
heroines  who  held  the  breach 
agonal  King  William;  and  they 
will  understand  mo  when  I  say, 
that  no  Irishwoman  ought  bo  much 
as  to  speak  to  a  man  who  has  not 
provided  himself  with  arms." 

"  No  lady  b  too  delicate  for  the 
culinary  operation  of  casting  bul- 
lets. Ho  hand  b  too  wbit«  to 
make  up  cartridges.  And  I  hope, 
if  it  be  needful  to  come  to  the  last 
resort,  that  tbecitizeoHof  Limerick, 
male  and  female,  will  not  disgrace 
their  paternal  and  maternal  an- 
cestors." 

Mr.  Milchell  had,  then,  a  sto- 
mach for  all  the  treason  that  had 
been  uttered,  aud  for  more;  he 
was  ready  to  fly  to  barricades  and 
to  invoke  the  god  of  battles ;  and 
he  was  a  Republican  in  principle : 
vhat,  then,  was  the  aim  of  the  ad- 
vice to  arm,  to  cast  bullets,  and  to 
go  into  the  field?  and  what  the 
significance  of  the  allusion  to  a 
Provisional  Government?  What 
was  to  become  of  the  Qneen  if 
a  Provisional  Govemmeot  were 
formed? 

But  if  any  doubt  were  possible 
nn  the  intentions  of  Mr.  Alitchell 


as  disclosed  by  the  contents  of  las 

Saper  of  the  7ih  May,  all  such 
oubts  must  be  removed  by  m 
article  in  the  number  of  that  paper 
published  on  the  tSth  May.  The 
Attorney-General  read  at  lei^ 
a  letter  addressed  by  Mr.  Mitdiell 
"  To  the  Protestant  Farmere,  I* 
boivers,  and  Artisans  of  the  North 
of  Ireland;"  observing  that  Mr. 
Mitchell  himself  vras  a  native  of  the 
North.  That  article  concluded 
with  these  words : — 

"  I  tell  you  frankly,  that  I,  ibr 
one,  am  not  'loyal.'  I  am  not 
wedded  to  the  Queen  of  England, 
nor  unalterably  attached  to  the 
House  of  Brunswick.  In  &ct,I 
love  my  own  bam  better  than  I 
love  that  house.  The  time  is  long 
past  when  Jehovah  anointed  kin^ 
The  thing  has  long  since  grown* 
monstrous  imposture ;  and  h» 
been  already  in  some  civilized 
countries  detected  as  such,  and 
drummed  out  accordingly.  A 
modem  king,  my  friends,  is  ^ 
more  like  an  andent  an(»uied 
shepherd  of  the  people  than  u 
archbishop's  apron  is  like  the  Urio 
and  Tbummin.  There  b  no  divine 
r^ht  now  but  in  the  sovereign 
people.  And  for  the  'institutions 
of  the  country,'  I  loathe  and  despise 
them :  we  ore  sickening  and  dying 
of  these  institutions  fast;  they  ore 
consuming  us  like  a  plague,  da- 
gmding  us  to  paupers  in  aaai, 
body,  and  estate ;  yea,  making  cor 
very  souls  beggarly  and  cowardly- 
They  are  a  failure  and  a  fr&ad, 
these  institutions— from  the  ti>p 
most  crown  jewel  to  the  meanest 
detective's  note-book,  there  is  no 
soundness  in  them.  God  and  man 
ore  we&ry  of  them.  Their  Isst 
hour  is  at  hand;  and  I  thank  GiA 
that  1  live  in  the  days  when  I  shall 
witness  the  utter  downfall,  a»^ 
trample  upon  the  grave,  of  the  mwt 
portentous,  the  grandest,  meauea^ 


STATETRIALS.  377 

and  cruellest  tyranny  that  ever  their   having   promoted    him  to 

deformed  this  mtrld."  the  high  office   which   he  held. 

Lastly,  Mr.  Mitchell  had  replied  and  their  also  having  promoted 
to  some  hostile  remarha  of  the  eeveral  distinguished  memhers  of 
Timea  nevispaper  with  this  expUcit  the  profession  to  vrhich  he  he- 
reference: —  longed.    This,  he  trusted,  vaa  a 

"  Now,  the  iact  is,  the  editor  of  sufficient  answer  to  any  insinua- 
the  United  IrUhman  is  no  hero  tion  that  men  were  excluded  from 
at  all,  and  never  said  he  was.  He  the  jury  because  they  professed 
has  only  endeavoured  to  persuade  the  Koman  Catholic  religion ;  but 
his  countrymen  that  they  will  never  he  asked  them  would  he  honestly  or 
gain  their  liberties  except  by  fight-  fairly  discharge  the  duties  of  the 
ing  for  them;  and  that  the  only  situation  which  he  held,  by  allow- 
arguments  the  English  Govern-  ing  any  man  to  be  on  the  jury 
ment  will  understand  are  the  points  whom  be  had  reason  to  know  con- 
of  pikes— that 's  all.  And  he  con-  curred  and  conceded  in  the  poli- 
tinues  to  preach  this  saving  doc-  tics  of  the  prisoner.  This  was 
trine,  and  will  continue  to  do  so  not  a  trial  for  a  mere  larceny, 
until  a  considerable  nnmber  of  his  where  the  question  was — did  a  par- 
countrymen  agree  with  him ;  and  ticular  person  steal  this  or  that 
then  he  hopes  to  aid  in  enforcing  the  thing?  It  is  a  trial  for  a  political 
arguments  practically — that 's  all."  offence.  The  only  instruction  given 

Such  were  the  proofs  in  support  by  the  Crown  to  their  officer — the 

of  the  charge  made  i^nst  Mr.  Crown  Solicitor — was  upon  no  ac- 

Mitchellofcompassing  the  purposes  count  and  under  no  circumstances 

which  the  Act  of  Parliament  de-  to  exclude  a  man  for  his  religion, 

dared  felonious.  no  matter  what  religion  he  pro- 

The  Attorney-General  then  ad-  fessed.     It  was  his  duty  to  exclude 

verted  to  the  charge  which   had  from  the  juiy-box  men,  no  matter 

been  made  against  the  officers  of  what  their  religion  may  be,  who 

the  Crown,  that  they  had  packed  a  coincided  with  tbe  prisoner  in  his 

jury,  from  which  he  had  excluded  political  opinions.     He  would  ask 

Boman    Catholic   jurors  —  these  them,  if  men  were  biassed  in  their 

charges  he  emphatioilly  denied.  If  judgments,  would  they  be  proper 

there  were  a  person  more  than  an-  persons  to  be  put  upon  a  JQ17? 

other  who  could  be  supposed   to  The   only  instruction   given   vnu 

be   incapable  of  objecting  to   his  this — "  obtain  en  honest,  fair,  and 

Boman  Catholic  fellow-countrymen  impartialjury.  Any  man  whom, from 

being  placed  upon  the  panel,  that  your  information,  you  believe  not 

individual  wasliimself;  for  be  was  to  be  one  who  will  give  an  impartial 

by  education,  conviction,  and  prac-  verdict  between  the  Crown  and  the 

tice  a  Roman  CaUiolic,  and  it  was  snlgect,  that  man— and  that  man 

a  calumny  upon  the  Government,  alone — vrithout  reference  to  his  re- 

and  upon  himself,  to  assert  that  ligion — you  aro  to  exclude  from  the 

they  or  he  would  ol^ect  to  Boman  panel."   Thejury,  he  trusted,  were 

Catholics  being  upon  the  panel ;  above  being  intimidated  by  such 

that  the  Government  would  not  be  insinuations.  He  trusted  that  they 

capable  of  lending  themselves  to  weremen,  and  that  was  all  that  was 

such  an  act  had  been  proved  by  required  by  the  Crown,  who  would 


378        ANNUAL    REGIST  ER,  1848. 

discard  from  their  mindt  anything  trenon,  or  /*Ioity,  ta  whaterer  it 

tltej' had  heard  of  Mr.  Mitchell,  or  is."     So  at  present,  the  Cnnni 

the  publications  in  his  paper,  be-  would  be  happy  to  get  a  coaTiction 

(ore  they  entered  the  jory-tox.  He  for  "whatererit  is,"    Butthadii- 

trusted  that  they  vere  men  who,  tinct  crime  alleged  was  felooj ; 

having  regard  to  the  obligation  of  and  if  the  juiy  thought  ha  W 

the  oath  they  had  taken,  voald  committed  a  sedition  or  a  tnason, 

honestly  and  fairly  give  a  verdict  they  must  acquit  the  prismiei  <f 

which,  laying   their   hands   upon  the  felony  charged  in  the  present 

their  hearts,  they  can  say  was  con-  indictment  Mr.  Hcdmes  crit»ni«d 

sistent  irith  the  duty  they  owed  to  the  frame  of  the  charge,  and  de- 

their  country  upon  the  one  hand,  clared  himself  unable  to  see  the 

and  the  prisoner  upon  the  other,  meaning  of  the  words  "  to  depose 

He  trusted  that  they  were  men  the  Queen  inim  Her  style,  hotuNir, 

who  would  honestly  and  fairly  dis-  or  royal  name,"  tbou^  he  conU 

charge   the  very  important   du^  understand   deposition   &om  H«r 

which  they  had  been  impanelled  to  throne.     He  defied  the  Grown  to 

discharge.  produce  evidence  of  any  partioulsi 

The  1^1  prooft  were  then  given  measure  or  oounseb  the  change  of 
of  Mr.  Mitchell's  presence  at  the  which  by  force  and  violent  corn- 
meeting  at  Limenck,  and  of  the  pulsion  was  aimed  at  in  dw 
words  used  by  him  there,  and  after  speeches  or  ardolea  charged.  If 
wards  reported  in  the  United  Imh-  any  such  could  be  pointed  to  by 
man ;  and  of  his  proprietorship  of  the  Attorney- General,  Mr.  Holmes 
the  paper,  and  of  the  publication  of  would  willingly  allow  him  to  amend 
the  copies  oontoinina  the  articles  his  speech  and  indicate  them.  He 
upon  which  the  indictment  was  put  it  to  the  judges,  that  thne 
founded.  must  be  an  acquittal  directed,  if  no 

Mr.  Holmes  addressed  the  jury  specific  measure  could  be  indicated, 
on  behalf  of  the  traverser,  com-         Alluding  to  expressions  in  the 

menoing   by   inveighing   bitterly  articles  and  speeches  quoted,  be 

against   the   constitution  of   the  admitted  there  were  very  stroi^ 

panel,  and  the  conduct  of  the  At-  expressions  used  in  those  puUica- 

tomey-Oeneral  in  striking  off,  after  tions.   "Mr.  Mitchell  avows  them; 

the  panel  had  been  declared  fairly  and  many  of  them  I  also  avow; 

arrayed,  thirty  persons,  ewfateen  and  I    want  to  try  this   case  of 

of  whom  were   Itoman  Catholics,  felony  between  the  Crown  and  the 

The  learned  Counsel  then  dealt  accused,  which  I  cannot  do  with- 

witb  a  technical  point    The  in-  out  calling  your  attention  to  some- 

dictmeut  charged  two  distinct  of-  thing  of  the  history  and  the  pre- 

fences   of  felony;  each   of  them,  sent  state  of  Ireland.     And  with 

however,  supported  by   the  same  that  view,  I  tell  you,  in  the  first 

evidence.    The  Foreman  of  the  instance,  tliat  Ireland  ia  an  an- 

Orand  Jury,  in  returning  the  bill,  slaved  oountiy.    A  great  misloks 

had  declared  the  bill  was  for  sedi-  is  entertained  by  many  persons,  to 

tion ;  then,  on  correction  by  the  the  effect  tliat  there  cannot  be 

clerk  of  the  Court,  said  it  was  for  alaTeTy-~that  no  man  oan  be  a 

treason ;  and  at  last,  on  recorrec-  slave  unless  be  be  in  ohaina,  or 

tion,  said,  "  We  find  for  sedition,  subject  to  the  lash  ^  the  Ranter, 


STATE     TRIALS. 


379 


like  the  negioes ;  bat  the  alaveij 
of  vhich  I  speak  is  the  slavery  <^ 
the  people,  wbieh  consists  in  this, 
thftt  the;  do  not  make  thMr  oim 
l&ws  themselves — that  thej  do  not 
make  the  laws  bj  irhich  they  are 
governed,  bat  that  those  laws  are 
made  byotbeiB;  and  I  say  it  boldly, 
that  a  people  so  circumstanced  are 
in  a  state  of  slarny." 

Baron  Lofroy  interpoeed,  ob- 
aerving  that  the  oourse  taken  by  Mr. 
Holmes  was  moat  embarrassing. 

Mr.  Holmes  said,  he  could  not 
do  jostice  to  his  client  "  without 
doing  juatioe  to  Ireland." 

The  learned  Ooonsel  nuuntained 
the  importance  of  ebowing  all  the 
cireiunstances  of  the  case,  and  the 
provocations  nnder  which  Mr. 
Mitchell  had  uttered  hia  publioar 
lions.  "  Mj  client  may  be  guilty 
of  feltmy ;  but  I  say  it  broadly  and 
boldly,  that  England  ia  the  cause 
of  the  o&nce  of  which  he  is  ac- 
cused :  and  I  will  demonstrate  it. 
I  care  not  by  vrbat  means  you  have 
been  empanelled.  I  address  you 
becanae  1  brieve  yoa  to  be  bonest 
aud  faithful  Irishmen.  Take  no- 
thing from  me :  I  will  state  upon 
high  authority.  '  What  doee  the 
liberty  of  a  people  oonsist  inP 
It  conaiats  in  uie  right  and  power 
to  make  laws  for  its  own  govern- 
ment. Were  an  individual  to  make 
laws  for  anotber  country,  that  per- 
son is  a  despot,  and  the  people  are 
slaves.  When  one  country  makes 
laws  for  another  country,  (and  that 
England  makes  laws  for  Ireland  I 
will  demonstrate,  by  which  Ireland 
is  enslaved,)  the  country  which 
makes  the  laws  is  absolutely  the 
sovereign  country,  and  the  coontry 
for  which  those  laws  are  made  ia  in 
a  state  of  slavery.'  I  give  that 
upon  the  authority  of  an  English- 
man— an  honest  man  in  his  day — 
Blaekstone.    And  what  does  he 


say?  In  constitudonal  questions 
he  will  not  be  suspected  or  accused 
(tf  being  too  much  in  favour  of  po- 
pular rights  :  he  says—'  It  follows, 
from  the  nature  and  constitution  o( 
a  dependent  state,  that  England 
should  make  laws  for  Ireland'— 
(treating  Ireland  as  a  conquered 
country,  he  ia  arguing  that  England 
had  a  right  to  do  so.)  '  Ireland ' 
— (this  is  a  conquered  countiy^ 
'  conquered,  planted,  and  governed 
by  England,  it  might  be  necessary 
that  it  should  be  subject  to  Bach 
laws  as  the  superior  state  thinks 
proper  to  prescribe.'  In  speaking 
of  this  country,  Ireland,  Black- 
stone  maintains,  that,  because  Ire- 
land had  beeu  a  conquered  country 
in  his  days,  Ireland  of  the  present 
time,  and  for  posterity  for  ever, 
shonld  be  bouna  by  such  laws  as 
the  conquering  state  thinks  proper 
to  make  for  her." 

After  inveighing  against  Poyn- 
ing's  Law,  and  ^e  Union,  Mr. 
Holmes  proceeded: — "I  say  it, 
boldly  and  broadly,  as  a  man,  that 
the  Act  of  Union  is  only  bindit^ 
as  a  thing  of  expediency.  Men 
will  often  submit  to  a  certain  order 
of  things,  rather  than  run  the  risk 
ot  subverting  by  force  of  arms  the 
state  of  things  as  established.  No 
man  upon  slender  grounds  should 
endeavour  to  subvert  the  order  of 
things ;  but  it  is  the  right  of  an 
enslaved  country,  and  the  laws  of 
Providence  approve  the  right,  to 
arm  and  right  itself.  What  man 
would  live " 

Baron  Lefroy:  "Mr.  Holmes, 
wecannotlisten  tothis.  Youteach 
those  doctrines  to  the  people  for 
the  publication  of  whiA  the  pri- 
soner stands  at  the  bar.  We  can- 
not sufier  the  case  of  the  prisoner 
to  be  put  to  the  jury  founded  on 
the  subject  of  the  Repeal  of  the 
Union  by  force  of  arms." 


880        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

Mr.  Holmes:  "I  will  make  it  bioq  of  the  peace;    and  yet  now 

appear  bj  the  conduct  of  England,  tfaej  saj  it  is  an  offence,  under  thia 

and  with  respect  to  this  very  ques-  new  Act  of  Parliament,  to  deprive 

tion  of  Bep^,  that  England  has  the  Queen  of  the  stjle,  title,  and 

been  the  cause  of  the  present  state  rojal  name  of  the  Imperial  Crown, 

of    this    country.     Tne    English  They  found  this  doctrine  of  Mr. 

Ministry,  by  this  very  question  of  Mitchell,  and  of  others,  was  oon- 

Repeal,  has  brought  this  country  demned   by   the    high    and    the 

into  the  unfortunate  state  in  which  wealthy. 

it  now  is."  The  learned  cotinsel,  From  past  times  let  them  torn 
with  great  power,  commented  on  to  the  present  time,  and  what  did 
the  course  pursued  by  the  English  they  see?  An  Attome^'General 
Government,  and  particularly  by  — an  able  lawyer — under  a  Special 
the  Whig  Ministries,  towards  Ire-  Commission  a  most  snocessfol  pro- 
land,  and  towards  Mr.  O'Connell.  secutor.  Death  had  followed  hii 
They  had  suffered  him  to  witate  footsteps ;  and  it  was  asked,  oa^t 
for  years,  they  had  sutfered  the  not  the  assassin  to  suffer  for  hia 
agitation  for  ihe  Bepeal  of  the  crime  ?  Yes,  but  in  the  history  of 
Union  to  be  carried  on  for  ^ears,  the  civilized  world  and  of  free  m- 
although  Lord  Althorp  said,  in  lions,  has  there  ever  yet  been  a 
1831,  that  it  would  lead  to  an  at-  nation  of  assassins?  No ;  asstts- 
tempt  at  eeparation,  and  that  to  a  sination  is  the  crime  of  the  untn- 
cirilwar.  They  permitted  a  strug-  tored  savage  or  the  brutalized 
gle  for  Bepeal  while  they  them-  bIbts.  Was  the  assassin  to  oaBa 
selves  were  parties  to  it,  and  they  for  his  crime  ?  Yes ;  but  deep, 
continued  the  agitation  of  a  mea-  deep,  deep  was  the  guilt  of  £ng- 
Bure  vchicb  they  asserted  would  land,  in  its  unprovoked  invasion 
end  in  separalioa,  and  their  last  and  unjust  dominion  in  Ireland, 
act  is  the  prosecution  of  an  unfor-  At  the  close  of  seven  centuries  of 
tunate  Irishman  for  ^tating  the  wasting  wars,  wasting  laws,  and 
question.  It  must  be  asked,  was  still  more  wasting  pdicy,  it  ns 
there  any  previous  prosecution  for  now  found  necessary  to  maintain 
that  ?  There  was  a  prosecu-  that  dominion  in  Ireland  by  spe- 
tion ;  they  all  knew  the  fate  of  cial  commissions,  state  proseca- 
that  prosecution,  and  that  it  ended  tions,  and  military  force — by  the 
in  the  defeat  of  the  Crown,  gibbet,  by  the  gaol,  and  by  the 
Mr.  O'Connell  survived  it — he  sword.  •  «  • 
^ve  the  agitation  a  magic  mean-  Let  England  give  to  Ireland 
ing — he  called  it  "  moml  force,"  her  own  Parliament ;  not  the  Par- 
flnd  was  Buffered  to  agitate  the  liamentof  '83~that  vras  a  meteor 
question,  which  he  did  to  the  last  light  which  flashed  across  the  land 
hour  of  his  life,  in  this  countiy.  — a  deceptive  Topour  which  quickly 
But  although  the  Whig  Govern-  vanished.  Ireland  wanted  a  fixed 
ment  foresaw  that,  if  granted,  it  star,  bright  and  resplendent,  the 
must  end  in  separation,  they  made  oordial  influence  and  reflecting  ra- 
no  law  against  attempting  to  re-  diance  of  which  might  be  seen  and 
peal  it  Nay,  more,  they  restored  felt  in  the  glorious  union  of  liber^, 
Mr.  O'Connell,  the  head  and  leader  happiness,  and  peace.  But  it  was 
of  the  agitation,  and  several  other  urgedthatiftbey  did  that,itwonId 
Repealers  besides,  to  the  commis-  lead,  as  Lord  Althotp  had  said,  to 


STATE  TRIALS.                 381 

separation,  and  that  Ireland  would  deep  import&nce ;  it  was  deeply  im- 

be  erected  into  a  separate  inde-  portant  that  the  prisoner  should  not 

pendent  state.    And  suppose  it  did ;  be  found  guilty  if  innocent ;  but  if 

vho  was  to  blame  for  tbat?    Eng-  he  had  violated  the  law,  the  peace 

land !    What  right  had  England —  of  the  country  was  inTolved  iu  his 

wfaatrighthad  an;  country,  to  build  conriction.      The   conatrucdon  of 

its  greatness  upon  the  slavery,  de-  the  documents  rested  escluaiTely 

gntdalion,    and    wretchedness    of  with  the  jury.     The  law  had  cast 

another  ?  upon  them  the  duty  of  putting  a 

There  are  men,  and  they  are  construction  upon  them,  according 
chiefly  to  be  found  in  what  are  to  the  best  of  their  sense  and  judg- 
called  the  better  ranks  of  society,  ment.  As  to  the  observations 
excellent  men,  religious  men,  made  by  counsel  on  both  sides  on 
moral  men,  kind  men,  and  if  all  the  construction  of  the  panel,  and 
mankind  were  like  tbem,  they  the  intimidation  of  the  jury,  they 
would  have  no  such  thing  as  liberty  were  to  dismiss  them  from  their 
in  the  world.  Peace  in  their  time  oonsideration.  The  counsel  for  the 
ia  their  first  prayer ;  and  their  prisoner  had  also  borne  testimony 
highest  aspiration  to  enjoy  the  to  the  honesty  of  the  prisoner.  He 
good  things  of  this  life.  They  were  did  not  find  fault  with  him  for 
consoled  for  the  misfortunes  of  having  done  ho,  but  the  honesty  of 
others  by  the  reflection  that  the  the  prisoner  had  nothing  to  do 
BufTerer  here  is  only  in  a  state  of  with  the  violation  of  the  law.  Not 
trial  on  hia  passage  to  another  only  had  the  counsel  for  the  Crown, 
vorld— that  other  world,  where  the  but  the  connsel  for  the  prisoner 
tyrant  must  account  for  his  oppres-  had  introduced  a  great  variety  of 
sion,  and  where  the  slave  will  be  topics  irrelevant  to  the  question  to 
relieved  from  bondage.  Oh,  Ire-  be  decided — topics,  many  of  which, 
land  is  weak — the  slave  struggles  perhape,  the  Court  ought  not  to 
to  be  free,  and  the  enslaver  kills  have  listened  to.  Mr.  Holmes  bad 
him  because  he  struggles.  That  teld  them,  for  instance,  that  Ire- 
was  Brirish  conquest  and  dominion  land  was  an  enslaved  connti^  ;  and 
in  Ireland — that  was  British  legis-  he  had  gone  into  the  question  of 
lation  in  Ireland.  It  rested  with  Bepeal  of  the  Union,  and  other 
the  jury,  by  their  verdict  of  acquit-  matters ;  but  all  those  tepics  had 
tal,  to  contribute  their  part  towards  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the 
Ireland's  happiness.  He  called  question  for  their  consideration ; 
upon  them,  as  they  valued  their  there  was  no  issue  put  on  those 
oaths,  as  they  valued  justice  and  matters;  and  he  (Judge  Moore) 
the  public  good,  and  manly  bearing  was  surprised  that  a  gentleman 
and  personal  honour,  and  as  they  holding  so  high  a  position  ea  tlie 
loved  the  country  of  their  birth,  to  prisoner's  counsel  should  have 
give  a  verdict  of  acquittal.  Let  thought  fit  to  have  introduced 
Uiem  thus  do  their  parts  towards  them  ;  and  particularly  so  when  he 
making  Ireland  happy  and  free.  was  obliged  to  say  in  the  end  that 

Mr.  Henn  having  replied  on  the  be  was  unable  to  explain  the  publi- 

part  of  the  Crown,  cations  of  his  client.     All  these 

Justice  Moore  charged  the  jury,  irrelevant  matters  should    there- 

They  bad  been  properiy  told  by  fore  be  excluded,  whether  intro- 

Hr.  Holmes  that  it  was  a  case  of  duced  by  the  Attorney- General  or 


882        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

tbe  prsnaor'i  connael.  1^  Ixw  of  obanred  durt  tha  inqnirf  in  «UA 
tii«  land  «M,  that  hk  (Jnd^  tbej  mn  in  putout  «at  to  hoot- 
Uoore's)  opiniotu  on  tbo  doco-  tain  «  moil  j  as  pcesible  wli&t  «M 
taenia  alle^  to  ha  within  tha  lata  paadng  in  tb«  nind  of  the  {»- 
Adl,  and  for  iriiioh  Mr.  Mitchell  was  Boaar  whan  he  wrota  the  ntids  m 
pros«oal«d,  ware  not  to  iidnence  quettim;  and  thn  ttnlj  mniiw  thny 
their  minds  but  as  far  as  they  were  had  of  arnviog  at  that  cooefa»oa 
eonBistaat  with  their  otm  viava.  was  to  bs  dedaced  from  the  tana 
The  A<A  in  question  was  passed  «  and  construction  of  hia compaai tioa , 
ahrat  dme  back,  and  if  anj  obser-  After  explaining  the  law  sabear- 
TatioDi  were  made  to  tha  efiect  ing  ofian  the  indictmeiit,  Mr.  Jaa- 
that  that  Act  was  passed  by  the  ttee  Moore  notioed  this  remaikaUa 
Imperial  L^islatore,  thej  shonld  featara  in  the  case,  —  the  Attar 
take  it  fcom  urn  that  it  was  a  valid  nej-Osnaral,  in  his  openicg  atata- 
Unding  statute ;  and  tha  single  ment,  bad  read  to  them  the  pas- 
question  for  their  connderatioa  Bagas,  and  atatad  to  them  te 
would  eooseqnentlj  ba — had  the  taaaming  be  dioaght  tfaoaa  paa- 
prison^  Tiolated  that  Act?  To  ngea  bora.  I%e  ^la  ooimael  ftr 
consider  that  diere  nere  two  ques-  tha  prisoner  never  onoe  advariad 
tions  for  consideralioii — first,  did  to  thoea  pnbUcatioDa,  ntd  neva 
the  prisoner  publish  the  documents  made  a  single  observation  fta  tha 
referred  to?  eecoudly,  what  was  pnrpoaa  of  showing  that  the  At> 
the  meaning  of  those  pnblioatioDB?  tomey-OeneraJ,  either  bj  the  is- 
Upon  the  firat  question  there  could  dietment  or  in  his  Btatement.  bad 
be  liula  doubt,  as  it  ms  proved,  put  a  wrong  intarpretaUon  npoe 
and  was  not  denied,  that  the  pri-  this  puhlic^on.  With  respect 
Boner  was  the  author  and  publinier  to  the  charge  of  levying  war,  wbta 
of  the  articles  in  question:  and  ha  found  that  tiie  prisoner  ex- 
with  regard  to  the  latter,  it  was  preeBed  himself  favourable  to  tha 
altogether  for  their  coosideradon  offeuoes  of  sedition  and  kAony  for 
to  say  what  was  the  true  meaning  which  Mr.  S.  O'Brien  was  under 
and  import  of  the  words  they  oon-  prosecution,  uid  circulated  those 
tained  ?  The  learned  Jud^e  then  opinions  hi  a  widely-cinnlated 
read  extracts  from  the  pubhcations  psf«r,  and  reoorameodad  the  peo- 
iriudiformedthesubjectofthetrial,  pie  to  possess  themselves  of  arms 
and  observed  that  the  ancient  con-  [m*  the  pnrpoae  of  sustaining  Mr. 
sdtationa  referred  to  were  Utose  of  8.  O'Brien — it  would  be  the  da^ 
the  Queen,  Lords,  and  Commons  of  the  jury  to  say,  vAetber  or  not 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  prboner  contemplated  a  lavy- 
that  an  Irish  Repahlic  was  at  total  ing  of  war  against  the  Que«n  when 
variance  and  ant^nistic  with  he  wrote  and  spoke  those  artidas. 
thoae  institutions,  l^iere  were  no  In  reference  to  the  passage  in 
two  ideas  more  opposed  to  each  wluch  "the  oom-fields  ripe  for  the 
other  than  the  co-etristence  of  a  reapers,  and  the  one  hnndred  tfaon- 
monarchy  and  a  republic ;  and,  in  sand  pikes  "  occnra,  the  learned 
advocatitig  one,  the  subversion  of  Judge  said  it  was  Us  dn^  to  ex- 
the  other  must  ha\e  been  in  oon-  press  his  opinion,  but  that  their 
templation  of  tha  advocate.  In  ovrn  sound  sense  and  reason  should 
reference  to  the  second  bnnch  of  snpeiaade  any  opinion  of  his ;  and 
the  indictment,  the  learned  Judge  if  th^  thoogfat  ocnmotioti  was  net 


STATETRIALS.  388 

brongfat  home  to  their  minds,  thej'  tety  mr  ■gBinst  the  Qaeao,  for 

«Dti]d  be  bonnd  to  acquit  biin ;  the  purpose  of  oompelltng  her  by 

bat  if,  on  the  eontniTy,  the  ^1*9^  &rce  and  constnint  to  dutuge  her 

tiosa  in  the  indictment' had  been  measures  and  her  ooandb  ;  and 

ensUined,  they   iravld  lay   their  that  tlune  felonioua  intents  and 

hands  npon  tlieir  hearts,  and  gif  e  porpOBes  vere  published  and  muii* 

a  verdict  Maording  to  their  solemn  tested  by  a  publication  made  by 

OAth.  yoarself  in  the  same  newspaper. 

The  jury  then  retired,  and,  after  and  under  the  same  ciicumstaneea, 

an  diaence  of  nearly  three  hours  stated  in  the  former  oonnta.  Theae 

and  a  halt  returned  a  rerdict  of  are  the  chaises  upon  which  yoa 

"  Onilty."  have  been  put  upon  yoor  trial,  and 
npon  which    the  juty  hare  found 

May  27rt  y°°  B"''''?-  ■^^  evidence  was  fur- 
nished by  yourself,  in  publications 

The  prisoner,  being  placed  at  the  coining   oat   of  your  own   hands, 

bar,  was  asked  wheUier  be  bad  and  which  wen  deliberately  pub- 

anything  to  say  why  the  sentence  lished  at  an  interval  of  time  vhwh 

of  the  Court  shonld  not  be  pasaed.  gave  yoa  fall  leisure  and  opporto- 

The  prisoner  said  he  had,  and  nity  to  consider  what  you  were 

proceeded  to  reaasert  the  packing  abont,  and  to  reflect  on  what  might 

of  the  jury,  but  was  stopped  by  be  the  consequences  of  your  acts, 

the  Conrt.  The  case  turned  on  the  meaning 

The  learned  Baron  then  pro-  and  interpretation  of  those  publi- 
ceeded  to  paas  sentence. — John  cations.  That  meaning  and  inter- 
Uilchell,  I  cannot  but  eipresa  the  pretalion  were  equally  furnished 
feeling  of  regret  I  entertain — in  by  yoarself,  and  came  from  yoop- 
which,  I  am  sure,  my  brother  par-  self,  just  as  the  publications  them- 
ticipates— at  seeing  a  person  in  selves  had  done.  The  meaning 
your  condition  standing  at  the  bar  and  intent  were  collected  &om  the 
under  the  drcumstancea  in  which  language  of  the  publications  them- 
yon  now  stand.  You  have  been  selves ;  they  are  not  confined  to 
found  guilty  npon  the  indictment  one,  but  are  to  be  collected  from 
which  charged  you  with  felonioasly  the  successive  pnblicationB,  so  as 
compassing,  imagining,  and  in-  to  leave  no  doubt  on  the  words  in- 
tending to  deprive  the  Queen  of  terpreted  by  yoarself  as  to  the 
the  style,  title,  honour,  and  royal  meaning  and  intent  of  those  pub- 
name  of  the  Imperial  Grown  of  licationa.  The  very  able  counsel 
the  United  Kingdom,  and  of  utter-  who  defended  you  was  not  able  to 
ing  and  giving  publicity  to  those  offer  any  other  interpretation  or 
purposefl  and  intentions  by  pub-  anyoiikermeaning  than  thatwhioh 
fishing  a  certain  writing  in  a  was  assigned  to  wem  on  the  face 
pablio  newspaper  published  by  of  tihe  indictment.  Upon  this 
you,  called  the  UnU«l  Iriihwian.  evidence,  therefore,  thus  furnished 
These  publicaticne  are  set  forth  by  youreelf,  the  jury  have  found 
in  detail.  There  are  other  oonnts  you  guilty.  By  that  verdict,  there- 
in the  indictment,  of  which  you  fore,  you  must  be  bound,  however 
have  been  also  found  guilty,  of  a  yon  may  be  advised,  or  however 
feloniouB  intent  and  purpose  to  you  may  think  yoanelf  justified  in 


884        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1848. 

calling  it  "  a  T«rdict  of  a  packed  great  force,  the  leaned  Baron  pro- 
JU17" — thus  imputing  pei^uir  to  ceeded: — Bat,  to  retnm  to  joar 
twelve  of  your  countiymen — deli-  own  case.  With  a  new  to  come 
berate  and  wilful  peijuiy.  to  a  dedsioa  upon  tbe  measnro  of 
Mr.  Mitcbell. — No,  my  lord,  I  punishment  which  it  ia  our  dniy  to 
did  not  impute  peijury  to  the  impose  in  this  case,  we  poatponed 
junr.  passing  sentence  until  this  mom- 
Baron  Lefiroj. — I  understood  ing.  We  have  examined  the  anh- 
that  70H  bad  stated,  in  arrest  of  ject  with  the  utmost  delibentioD, 
judgment,  that  you  had  been  found  and  with  the  utmost  anxiety  to 
guilty  by  "  a  packed  jury."  discharge  duly  the  duty  which  we 
Mr.  Mitchell. — i  did.  owe  to  the  prisoner,  of  not  awazd- 
Baron  Lefroy. — Well,  I  shall  ing  a  puniahment  beyond  the  just 
make  no  other  observation  upon  measure  of  the  offence,  and  the 
that,  but  I  owe  it  to  the  jury  to  duty  which  we  owe  equally  to  the 
state,  that  upon  that  evidence,  fur-  public,  that  the  measnro  of  ponisfa- 
nisbed  thus  by  yourself,  no  juror  ment  should  be  such  that  it  would 
who  had  the  slightest  regard  to  carry  with  it  the  effect  of  all 
the  oath  be  bad  takeu,  conld  by  punishment,  which  is,  not  the  in- 
possibility  have  come  to  a  different  fiiction  upon  tiie  indtTidna),  but 
ooDclusion.  What  ground  of  doubt  the  prevention  of  crime.  We  de- 
was  ever  suggested  with  respect  to  sire  that  the  puniahment  should 
the  fact  of  the  publications  by  cany  with  it  a  security  as  far  aa 
yourself,  or  with  respect  to  the  possible  to  the  countrf,  that  one 
interpretation  and  the  meaning  of  who  appeared  so  perseveringlj,  so 
those  publications?  As  I  have  deliberately  a  violator  of  Uie  law 
observed,  not  even  your  own  able  should  not  be  permitted  to  con- 
counsel  could  suggest  a  doubt  of  tinue  the  oourse  he  had  entered 
the  meaning  imputed  to  tbem.  No  upon  for  the  disturbance  of  its 
—nor  could  he  suggest  an  apolt^  peace  and  proeperity,  in  the  hope 
that  could  be  attended  to  in  a  that  it  would  have  tirae,  if  pos- 
Gourt  of  justice,  for  his  apology  sible,  to  recover  from  the  ioflic- 
amouDted  to  this,  that  you  nod  a  tions  which  that  course  had  im- 
right  to  violate  the  law.  With  the  posed  upon  it.  Taking  all  these 
verdict,  establishing  your  guilt  of  things  into  considemtion,  and  alao 
the  offences  stated  upon  the  face  of  taking  into  consideration  the  atag- 
the  indictment,  even  you  yourself  nitude  of  the  crimes,  as  well  ss 
cannot  truly  quarrel.  the  fact  that  if  this  had  not  been 
The  learned  Baron  proceeded  to  die  first  adjudication  upon  the  Act 
comment  upon  the  grave  nature  of  we  might  have  felt  obliged  to  cany 
the  offence,  and  the  consequences  out  its  penalties  to  the  utmost  ex- 
of  such  exhortations  if  not  checked,  tent — taking  also  into  considen- 
aud  said  the  prisoner  had  ad-  tion  that  the  offence  is  as  clearly 
Tanced  from  one  step  to  another  in  proved  as  could  be  anticipated,  in 
bold,  deliberate,  and  determined  respect  to  tbe  proof  of  a  crime  so 
opposition  to  the  law,  in  language  enormous,  the  sentence  of  the 
more  and  more  unmeasured,  and  Court  is— "That  you,  John  Mit- 
mora  and  more  exciting.  Afier  chell,  be  transported  beyond  the 
dwelling  upon  these  subjects  with  seasforthe  term  of  fourteenyeare." 


S  T  A  T  E    T  R  I  A  L  S.  385 

COMMISSION  COURT.  of  the  learned  Chief  Baron  gives 

DvBUti,  August  10th.  f""  information  of  the  nature  of 

'          ,  the  case.    Mr.  Martin,  less  fortu- 

The  Queen  v.  Kevin  Izod  n^te  than  his  compatriot,  was  found 

0  DoBEBtY.  guilty,  and  was  now  brought  up  to 

Kevin    Izod    O'Dohert;    vss  receive  sentence, 

placed  at  the  bar,  charged  vitb  The  Chief  Baron. — John  Martin, 

fetoay,  under  the  11  Vict,  c    13,  it  beoomes  now  my  duty— and  a 

entitled  "  An  Act  for  tbe  better  painful  one  it  nocessarily  must  be 

Security  of  the   Crown  and   Go-  — to  prouounce  upon  yoo  tbe  sen- 

verament ;"   first,  for  im^ning,  tence  of  the  law  for  the  crime  of 

ftc..  to  depose  the  Queen  from  her  which  you  have  been  convicted, 

royal  style,  title,  and  honour  of  You  have  been  convicted  of  that 

the  Imperial  Crown  of  tbe  United  crime,  aft«r  a  most  patient  and  at- 

Kingdom ;    and,  secondly,  for  in-  tentive  inquiry-— ^l«r  every  effort 

tending,  &c.,  to  levy  war  against  of  skill  and  talent,  of  zeal  and  ad- 

Her  Majesty.  vocacy,  had  been  applied  in  your 

The  wearisome  length  to  which  behalf;  and,  I  believe,  after  every 

these  trials  were  protracted  by  the  question  that  could  have  been  pat 

ingenuity  of  the  counsel  of  the  ac-  was  left  to  tbe  jury.     I  did  not 

cnsed,  render  it  impossible  to  e.t-  deem  it  fitting  until  tbe  jury  had 

t«tnpt  even  an  outline  of  tbe  pro-  pronouncod  upon  your  guilt  to  ex- 

ceedings,  except  in  the  principal  press,  with  reference  to  the  fiu:t, 

cases.     The  speecbes  and  publicA'  any  opinion  of   mine  ;    but  after 

tiouB  which  formed  the  proofe  of  what  1  have  just  heard  I  do  not 

the  indictments  were  of  tue  same  think  I  should  be  performing  my 

high-flown  eloquence  which  have  duty  if  I  did  not  declare  that  upon 

characterized  the  so-called  national  thetruthandproprietyof  thefinding 

press  of   Ireland   for  some    time  of  the  jury  in  my  mind  there  rests 

past     Neither  do  the  addresses  of  not  tlu  shadow  of   doubt.      Tbe 

counsel  require  to  be  abstracted;  charge  against  you  was,  in   one 

however   varied    the    style,    the  part  of  tbis  prosecution,  that  you 

efiect  of  each  was  the  same.  sought  to  establish  what  you  have 

The    traverser    was    fortunate  jnst  termed  national  independence, 

enough  to  find  a  juiy  who  could  by  deposing  tbe  authority  of  the 

not    agree,    and    ttiey   were    dis-  Queen,  and  by  a  resort  to  arms ; 

chained.     The    trials   of   Charles  and  Irom  the  paper  which  whs  last 

Dnfiey,  Denis  Hoban,  and  Richard  published,  and  to  which  in  what 

D'Altou  Williams  came  to  s  simi-  you  have  addressed  to  the  bench 

lar  conclusion.  you  have  just  alluded,  I  think  it  is 

right  that  I  should  re«d  one  or  two 

Aumut  I9th.  passages — which  I  should  not  have 

„       _                 r         ■,,  done  but  for  what  bos  been  spoken. 

The  Qdeen  v.  John  Mabtto.  j^^^^  ^jj^g            ^^^^  members 

The  remarks  made  on  the  case  of  the  repeal  clubs  of  Ireland  to 
of  Mr.  ODoherty  are  equally  ap-  stand  to  their  arms,  the  paper  pro- 
plicable  to  thst  of  Mr.  Martin,  and  ceeds — "  Tbe  work  you  have  un- 
it is  not  attempted  here  to  give  an  dertaken  is  to  overthrow  and  ut- 
outline  of  the  trial ;  this  is  the  terly  destroy  English  dominion  in 
more  unnecessaiy  that  the  address  Ireland.    That  work  must  be  done 

Vol.  XC.  9  C 


386        ANNUAL    REGIST  ER,  1848. 

— it  mnat  be  done  at  any  risk,  at  opinious  entirely  consiatent  with 
any  cost,  at  any  sacrifice."  In  the  allegiance  to  the  laws,  wilb  respect 
second  part  "  Oh.  dear  country-  for  order  and  tranquillity,  with  a 
men,  let  not  your  hearts  quail  at  desire  to  maintain  property,  and 
the  sight  of  the  enemy's  military  to  prevent  the  setlii^  of  class 
prsparations  —of  40,000  human  against  class  in  deadly  hoetilicf. 
machines  armed  with  weapons  of  Three  short  months  elapsd.  and  we 
death  to  put  yon  to  death  in  your  find  the  same  man  embarking  the 
own  land  for  the  crime  of  loHng  property  with  which  Providence 
your  own  land.  With  the  op-  had  blessed  him.  and  which  the 
pressor  there  is  power,  but  the  Ood  law  had  secured  to  him,  for  the 
of  justice  and  merOT  will  fight  in  purposeofeiciting  his  countrymen 
your  defence."  Furtheron.  "Stand  to  deeds  of  violence  and  blood,  in 
to  your  arms.  Resist  to  t}ie  death,  a  publiuation  which  he  himself 
Better  a  hundred  thousand  bloody  made,  and  portions  of  which  I 
deaths  than  leave  Ireland  anotber  have  read,  indicating  a  desire  to 
rear  disarmed,  cowed,  and  defence-  accomplish  political  obaoges  by 
less,  to  the  mercy  of  the  plun-  abandoning  those  paths  of  peace 
derer."  If  the  case  rested  on  that  and  of  the  constitution  ana  the 
paper  alone,  I  am  bound  to  ssy  law  which  in  March  he  said  oogfat 
that,  looking  to  the  context  of  the  to  be  adhered  to.  and  by  summon- 
entire  of  what  was  published  in  ing  to  arms,  and  in  arms  to  reeist- 
tbat  document,  and  in  that  docu-  ance  to  lawful  authori^,  the  man 
meot  only,  I  entertain  no  doubt  whom  he  desired  to  bring  into  a 
that  the  conclusion  to  which  the  union  for  that  purpose.  It  is  poa- 
jury  came,  after  a  most  patient  eible  that  the  purposes  of  the  as- 
and  attentive  inquiry,  was  the  sociation  with  whom,  in  this  news- 
right  one.  I  said  that  the  duty  paper,  you  appear  to  have  be«) 
which  1  am  performing  is  a  pain-  united,  may  have  gone  beyond 
ful  one.  Can  it  be  otherwise?  I  yours.  I  hope  so — from  my  heart 
see  before  me  a  man  in  the  prims  I  hope  so ;  but  I  cannot  forget 
—I  bad  almost  said  of  youth,  cer-  that  to  that  newspaper  yoa  lent 
taioly  in  the  prime  of  early  man-  your  name  and  your  property — 
hood ;  in  a  condition  of  life  far  that  it  was  established  in  assocla- 
above  the  rank  of  those  with  tion  with  persons  who  inculcated 
whom,  in  these  courts  of  criminal  doctrines  in  their  parts  of  the  pub- 
justice,  it  is  unfortunately  our  lot  lication  not  merely  inconsistent 
for  the  most  part  to  deal :  pos-  with  law,  with  order,  and  with 
sessed  of  the  attainments  which  peace,  but  calculat«d  to  involve 
education  confers ;  with  a  property,  society  in  horrors  that  one  trembles 
as  we  were  informed,  comprising  a  to  conlemplate.  A  part  of  this 
moderate  but  competent  independ-  publication  indicates  both  the  pur- 
ence ;  residing  in  the  country  upon  pose  and  the  means.  The  purpose 
that  property  ;  with  friends  and  to  pull  down  the  Throne,  and  to 
connections  around  him,  attached  effect  first  a  spoliation,  and  then  a 
to  him,  and  he,  as  I  am  most  redistribution  of  the  property  of 
willing  to  believe,  meriting  their  tlie  country  ;  and  the  means,  a 
attachment.  I  find  that  man.  up  working  upon  two  classes  of  men, 
to  a  period  so  recent  as  the  month  by  applying  to  each  a  distinct  mo- 
of  March  last,  avowing  in  public  live  and  a  separate  t«mptation — 


STATE    TRIALS.  387 

to  tbe  inhabitants  of  the  towns  a  passing  obserralion  to  the  condi- 

political  desire  for  the  repeal  of  tion  of  the  society  in  which  we 

the  Legislative  Union ;  to  the  agra-  live.    It  is  enough  for  roe  to  know 

rian  popolation  a  desire  that  pro-  that  this  law,  which  we  as  judges 

pertj  in  land   should   be  seized,  here  are  bound  to  administer,  has 

that  its  titles  should  be  changed,  defined  the  offence  of  which  you 

that  a  new  distribution  of  it  should  have  been  found  guiltj,  and  has 

take  place ;  by  the  temptation  held  declared  it  for  the  purpose  of  se- 

out    bj    the    prospect    of    which  curing  tbe    Sovereign  her  aatbo- 

change  tbe  latter  should  be  united  rity,   and  securing   h)  aocie^  ita 

to  their  fellows  in  the  towns  in  a  tranquillity  and  peace.     That  law 

combination  in  arms.     Such  were  must  be  vindicated.     It  can  only 

the  projects  which  this  newspaper  be  vindicated  by  those  penal  aanc- 

was  apparently  established  to  carry  tions  which  it  i^xes  to  its  proved 

forward.      Possibly,  some  of  the  violation ;  and  one  of  those  penal 

abominable  projects  that   I   have  sanctions   we   are  now  bound  to 

stated  you  may  not  hare  originally  award  against  you.     The  jury  who 

concurred  in.     I  hope  so.      But  tried  you,  taUng  a  mernful  view 

you  established  this  paper  vritb  of   what  appeared   before   them, 

your  capital— you  lent  to  it  your  have    recommended    you    to    our 

name^you  became  its  sole  pro-  favourable  and  merciful  cousidera- 

prietor  and  publisher,  and  you  as-  tion. 

sociated  with  you  persona  who,  ac-  Mr.Martin. — Mylord.Ib^your 
cording  to  the  publications  con-  pardon  for  one  moment.  I  cannot 
tained  in  the  journal,  endeavoured  — I  say  it  with  great  respect — coo- 
to  stimulate  all  who  could  be  descend  to  acc^t  mercy  where  I 
wielded  by  it  to  the  accomplish-  believe  that  I  have  been  morally 
ment  of  these  purposes  by  those  right  I  want  justice, 
means.  I  will  not  dwell  here  upon  Tbe  Chief  Baron. — I  must  speak 
the  miseries  and  the  calamities  entirely  uninfluenced  by  any  obser- 
that  would  result  even  from  the  vations  such  as  these.  The  Court 
partial  success  of  the  projects  must  adopt  that  course  to  which  it 
which  are  thus  developed.  I  will  is  impelled  by  united  considerations 
not  dwelt  here  upon  uie  dreadful  of  what  is  due  to  justice,  and  bow 
consequences,  in  a  country  pecu-  far  justice  can  be  obtained  cod- 
liarly  circumstanced  as  this  is,  of  a  sistently  with  mercy.  We  have 
revolution  hopeless  in  reference  to  not  thought  ourseWes  at  liberty  to 
its  result ;  but,  if  it  were  to  take  disregard  altogether  the  suggestion 
place,  one  that  in  our  pecoliar  clr-  of  those  who  have  co-operated  with 
cumatancea  must  involve  a  war  of  us  in  the  administration  of  justice; 
class  against  class — that  species  of  but,  while  we  take  into  account  the 
civil  war&re  that  produces  in  the  view  of  the  jury  with  respect  to 
countiT  which  is  cursed  by  it  the  what  may  be  mercy  to  you,  we  are 
most  dreadful  calamities  that  can  bound  to  consider  also  what  ia 
betal  humanity.  I  will  not  dwell  justico  as  well  as  mercy  to  others, 
here  on  those  consequences.  They  There  are  two  portions  of  the  com- 
must  be  felt  by  everybody  who  has  munity  whose  interests  are  deeply 
looked  abroad,  and  seen  and  involved  in  the  administratiou  of 
thouflbt  on  what  is  passing  in  the  the  law  upon  a  subject  such  as 
world,  and  who  has  even  paid  a  this.  There  is  that  vast  portion 
3C  2              -          ,,  - 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,  184a 


of  the  community  which  adheres 
to  the  law — who  maiatain  peace 
aod  tranqoillitj — who  stand  by  the 
authority  of  the  Sovereign,  and 
whose  very  being  and  whose  entire 
intereste  are  dependent  upon  the 
mainteoaace  of  that  tranquillity 
which  it  is  the  oligect  of  the  law  to 
secure,  and  which  it  was  the  pur- 
pose of  the  crime  of  which  you 
nave  been  convicted  to  destroy. 
To  those  we  are  bound  to  secure 
juatice,  and  that  from  consident- 
tiona  of  mercy.  There  is  another 
class  whose  interests  are  also  in- 
volved in  proceedings  such  as  these. 
They  are  those  unhappy  men  who 
are  disposed,  and  who  are  tempted 
to  follow  in  the  courses  which  have 
led  you  into  the  unhappy  position 
in  which  you  now  stand.  It  is 
essential  lor  the  security  of  the 
community  that  tbey  should  be 
warned  by  your  fate  againet  copying 
your  example ;  and  moat  earnestly 
do  I  hope  that,  if  any  of  them  shall 
read  or  learn  the  proceedings  of 
this  court  of  justice,  and  shall 
perceive  what  has  occunvd  in  your 
instance — a  man  once  addicted  to 
habits  of  order  and  peace,  but 
drawn  by  the  whirlwind  of  excite- 
ment which  has  prevailed  into 
different  courses — who,  within  a 
period  of  three  months,  from  being 
a  preacher  of  peace,  and  an  adviser 
of^  others  to  regard  the  right  of 
property,  became  a  tutor  of  insur- 
rection, and  an  adherent  of  those 
who  were  instructed  bow  property 
could  be  violated — who,  at  one 
period,  by  his  exhortations  and 
nis  conduct,  endeavoured  to  induce 
those  to  desist  who  were  intending 
to  imitate  the  example  of  the  revo- 
lution that  had  theu  jual  occurred 
in  France;  and  then,  at  the  end 
of  three  months,  joined  with  per- 
sons who  were  summoning  the 
whole  of  his  countrymen  to  follow 


that  example ;  I  say  if  any,  having 
a  tendency  and  feeling  a  temptation 
to  enter  upon  similar  conduct,  shall 
read  the  proceedings  of  this  Court, 
I  do  hope  they  may  be  warned  tn^ 
your  example,  and  indncod  to  desist 
from  those  courses  if  they  have 
already  entered  upon  them,  and  to 
avoid  them  if  they  have  not  yet 
yielded  to  the  temptation.  I  can- 
not advert  to  the  crime  of  which 
you  have  been  convicted,  and  tbe 
oircumstanoes  nnder  which  you 
have  been  tempted  to  ita  com- 
mission, without  adverting  to  the 
iact  that  you  did  so  with  full  and 
ample  warning  to  yourself.  The 
paper  in  wbicn  you  were  engaged 
was  established  by  you  immediatdy 
after  the  conviction  of  the  oondooior 
of  a  newspaper,  of  which  it  mn  the 
successor,  and  which  was  suppressed 
by  his  conviction  and  expatJiatioo. 
But  for  what  I  have  already  ad- 
verted to,  which  we  did  not  think 
it  right  altogether  to  disregard, 
we  should  feel  ourselves  bound  to 
award  against  you  a  longer  period 
of  separation  mim  your  home  and 
your  oountiy  than  that  to  which 
you  will  be  subjeoted.  The  ob- 
servations that  1  have  made  are, 
believe  me,  not  intended  to  add  a 
single  pang  to  tboee  which  the 
execution  of  the  law  compels  yoa 
to  endure ;  bat  I  felt  it  my  duty 
to  make  them,  rather  wiUi  the 
view  of  attracting  the  attention  of 
others  than  for  any  purpose  con- 
nected with  yourself  The  period 
of  your  admonition  is  passed,  your 
guilty  course  is  mn,  and  you  are 
now  under  the  doom  of  the  law  to 
receive  that  punishment  which,  for 
those  courses,  the  law  enjoins.  The 
sentence  of  the  Court  is.  "Thatyon 
be  transported  beyond  the  sea  for 
a  period  of  ten  years." 


:.=.i,:sa:,G00gIc 


STATE    TRIALS. 


389 


SPECIAL  COMMISSION. 
Clokvel,  Sepltmhtr  31it. 

The  Special  ComusBioN  issued 
for  the  trial  of  the  several  parties 
implicated  in  the  late  attempted 
insurrection  in  the  south  of  Ire- 
land was  this  day  opened  at  Clon- 
mel.  The  judges  appointed  to  tr; 
the  prisouera  nere  the  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Blagkbubne,  the  IiOBd 
Chief  Jdstice  Doherty,  and  Mr. 
Justice  Moore. 

The  Judges  having  taken  their 
seats,  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  read 
the  Commission,  and  the  following 
gentlemen  were  called  and  Bwom 
of  the  Gnmd  Jur;  to  try  tlie  in- 
dictments. 

Viscount  Suirdale  (Foreman), 
the  Hon.  Conieliua  OCallaohan, 
the  Hon.  F.  A.  Prettie,  the  Hon. 
H.  Hutchinson.  Sir  E.  Waller.  Mr. 

B.  P.  Barker,  Mr.  S.  Moore,  Mr. 
Bagwell,  Mr.  A.  Goring,  Mr.  M. 
Pennefather,  Lieutenant- Colonel 
Palliser,  Mr.  J.  Bailey,  Mr.  J.  B. 
Barton,  Mr.  J.  Trant.Mr.  J.  Cardin, 
Mr.  W.  Qoin.  Mr.  J.  Butler,  Mr. 
S.  O'Meagher,  Mr.  H.  Trench.  Mr. 

C.  Going,  Mr.  T.  Lalor,  Mr.  J. 
Larrigan,  and  Mr.  J.  Cooke. 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  Black- 
bume  then  addressed  the  Grand 
Jury,  and  informed  them  of  the 
causes  for  which  they  were  then 
asseiBbled,  and  pointed  out  the  pe- 
culiarities of  the  law  relative  to  the 
charge  of  high  treason,  in  order  to 
their  proper  discharge  of  their  du- 
ties in  respect  of  the  indictments 
which  were  to  be  laid  before  them. 

The  Grand  Jury  then  retired. 
When  they  returned,  they  an- 
notmced  that  they  had  found  true 
bills  against  William  Smith 
0'Brien,TeTenceBellewM'ManuB, 
James  Orchard,  Dennis  Tighe,  and 
Patrick  O'Donnell. 


The  prisoners  were  tlien  placed 
at  the  bar. 

Mr.  Whiteside,  Q.C.,  and  Mr. 
Fitzgerald.  Q.C.,  were  assigned  as 
counsel  for  William  Smith  O'Brien. 
No  counsel  were  as  yet  assigiied 
to  the  other  prisoners. 

Sapttmher  S8fA. 

This  day  William  Smith  O'Brien 
was  placed  at  the  bar,  to  be  put  on 
his  tiial  on  an  indictment  for  high 
treason. 

Mr.  Whiteside  said,  that  that 
was  the  proper  time  for  him  to  show 
cause  why  the  trial  could  not  at 
that  time  proceed,  but  must  be 
postponed  until  their  Lordships 
had  decided  what  was  the  true  con- 
struction to  be  given  to  certain 
acts  of  Parliament  to  which  he 
.would  refer.  The  question  was, 
whether  the  prisoner  was  or  was 
not  entitled  by  act  of  Parliament 
to  a  copy  of  the  jury  panel  and  a 
list  of  the  witnesses  to  be  produced 
against  him. 

The  learned  counsel  argued  the 

Eoint  at  length.  His  argument  was 
riefly  this:  hy  statute  of  Will.  III. 
cap.  3.  the  accused  is  entitled  to 
a  copy  of  indictment  and  a  copy  of 
the  panel  of  the  jury ;  by  1  Anne, 
c.  90,  he  is  further  entitled  to  a 
list  of  the  witnesses  to  be  delivered 
with  the  indictment;  by  the  36 
Geo.  III.,  the  compassing  thedeath 
of,  or  levying  war  against  the 
Sovereign,  is  made  high  treason. 
These  acts  were  nused  before  the 
Union,  and  applied  to  England 
only.  Since  the  Union,  the  6T 
Geo.  III.  enacted  that  all  theprovi- 
sions  of  the  96  Geo.  III.  should  re- 
late to  the  heirs  and  successors  of 
His  Miyesty.  The  question  was, 
whether  this  last  act  did  not  ex- 
tend the  benefit  of  the  preceding 
statutes  (o  Ireland ;  and  if  not, 
whethereomnchoftheiTOeo.  III. 


890        ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1848. 

B8  was  DOt  repealed  was  not  ex-  After  some  dlscuasion  the  pW 

teaded  to  Ireland  by  the  11  Vict,  was  received,  and  demurred  to  on 

He  relied  upon  the  67  Geo.  III.  for  the  part  of  the  Croim  aa  not  being 

what  he  asked ;  and  if  their  Lord-  sufficient. 

ships  nere  against  him,  he  relied  The  prisoner  was    then  called 

upon  the  1 1  Vict,  to  have  the  same  upon  to  sa;  whether  he  was  gnillj 

priTileges  for  the  prisoner  as  would  or  not  guilty  of  the  charge  in  the 

have  been  allowed  him  if  he  had  indictment,    and    pleaded    "  Not 

been  tried  in  England.  Guilty." 

The  Attorney  and  Solicitor  Ge-  Mr.  Whiteside  applied  for  a  copy 
nerala  resisted  the  application.  It  of  the  panel  of  the  jury.  Appltcb- 
waa  conceded  that  by  the  common  tion  refused.  The  panel,  which 
law  no  such  right  existed,  and  the  contained  288  names,  was  read 
question  for  the  Court  was,  whether  over;  on  which  Mr.  Whiteside 
or  not  there  was  any  aUtute  in  challenged  the  array,  first,  on  tfie 
force  in  Ireland  entiiJing  him  to  ground  chat  certain  statutory  re- 
such  benefit,  and  argued  that  there  quirements  had  not  been  complied 
was  not.  with ;    secondly,   because    it    had 

The  liord  Chief  Justice  said  been  arranged  by  the  High  Sheriff 
that  the  indictmenU  contained  with  respect  to  the  religious  pro- 
various  counts,  and  that  the  overt  fession  of  the  jurors,  inasmuch  as 
acts  charged  were  none  of  them  di-  it  heretofore  contained  380  duly 
rected  against  the  person  or  per-  qualified  persons,  of  whom  one- 
Bonal  safety  of  the  Sovereign.  By  third  were  Roman  Catholics,  but 
theS70eo.III.,thetemporaryEng  the  panel  now  returned  contained 
lish  Act  36  Geo.  m.  was  made  per-  only  288  persons,  of  which  one- 
petual — that  is  it  made  perpetual  eighteenth  only  were  Roman  Ca- 
the  enactment  of  the  English  Par-  tholics.  The  Attorney-General 
liament.  As  regarded  the  11  Vict,  pleaded  that  the  panel  was  l^^y 
this  not  being  a  chaise  of  com-  and  (airly  constituted.     The  oonn- 

Eassing  the  death  of  the  Sovereign  sel  for  the  prisoner  joined  issue, 

y  means  of   attempts  upon  her  and  triers  were  appointed;   who, 

lue,  by  assassination,  by  wounding,  after  inquiry,    found  against  the 

or  imprisonment,  the  Court  were  of  objections. 
opinion  that  it  did  not  come  within 
the  provisions  of  the  Act,  and  that 

the  prisoner  was  not  entitled  to  SepUmbtr  SStA. 
have  this  application  granted. 

The  indictment  was  then  read  &fr.  Whiteside  made  application 

by  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown.  to  have  the  jury  chosen  aj  ballot, 

Mr.  Whiteside  then  handed  in  a  and  cited  Rex  t>.  Frost.    The  At- 

plea,  which,  after  referring  to  the  tomev'General  refused  bis  consent, 

indictment,    alleged    that  by  the  and  the  Court  refused  to  make  the 

statutes  in  force  the  prisoner  was  order. 

entitled  to  have  had  delivered  to  The  panel  was  then  called ;  seve- 

him  a  copy  of  the  indictment  ten  ral   persons   were   challenged    l^ 

days  before  his  trial,  and  also  a  list  bolh  sides. 

of  the   witnesses  and  jurors;    it  Mr.  S.  Monsergh  being  called, 

slated  that  the  prisoner  had  not  was  challenged  on  behalf  of  the 

had  die  copy  of  the  indictment  prisoner, 

and  such  lists  so  delivered  to  him.  The  Attomey-GenenI  otgeoted 


STATETRIALS.  391 

that  the  prisoner  had  already  ei-  in  the  indictment  did  on  the  17Lh 

hauBt«d  his  cballeDges  (tnentj).  of  July  of  this  jear,  and  on  divera 

Mr.  Whiteside  argued,  that  by  otherdajsbelweenthatandtheSOth 

commoD  Ian  every  person  accused  of  July,  at  BalUng&ny,  traitorously 

treaaonwasentitleatochallengeany  levy  and   make  war  against  the 

number  under  three  whole  juries,  Queen  ;  and  further,  that  ou  that 

that  is,  thirty-five,  m/avorem  vita,  occasion    tiey    marched    through 

The  8  Philip  and  Mary  enactedtbat  divers  towns,  villages,  and  lands, 

trials  for  high  treason  should  follow  and  erected  certain  obstructions  to 

the  course    of    the  common  law.  prevent   the  march  of  Her  Ma- 

The  question  wan,  whether  the  9  jeety's  forces — that  they  assaulted 

Geo.  IV.  c.  64  took  an-ay  this  privi-  a  number  of  constables,  made  a 

lege   in    Ireland,   and    submitted  warlike  attack  at  Ballingarry,  and 

that  the  treason  therein  spoken  of  fired  on  a  large  body  of  constables 

was  petty,  not  high  treason.  there     assembled.       The    second 

The   Attorney-General    contra,  count  charged  a  similar  offence  at 

TheOGeo.  IV.  enacted  thatno  per-  Mullinahone  on  the  aOth  of  July; 

son    arraigned    for    '*  treason,    or  the  third  a  similar  offence  at  Kil- 

murder,  or  other  felony,"  should  be  lennaule  on  the  38th  of  July;  the 

permitted  to  challenge  more  thab  fonrth  a  similar  offence  at  Farrin- 

twenty  Jurors  peremptorily.  There  rory  on  the  39th  of  July  ;  and  the 

was  such  a  thing  as  petit  treason,  fifth  was  a  general  count  of  assem- 

distinct  from  high  treason,  but  he  bling  in  arms ;    the    sixth  count 

never  had  heard  that  the   word  chained  -the  prisoner   with  com- 

"  treason  "  did  not  comprise  both,  passing  the  death  of  the  Queen, 

The   Lord  Chief  Justice. — We  and  laid  down  seven  overt  acts,  un 

are  of  opinion  that  the  word  '•  trea-  necessary  to  be  stated,  as  evidence 

son  "  comprises  all  treasons,  and  of  that  conspiracy. 

that  it  cannot  be  cut  down  to  sig-  The  Attorney- General  then  ad- 

nify  one  species.  dressed  the  jury.     He  said  it  was 

The  challenge  was  disallowed.  now  his  duty  to  state  to  the  jury 

The  following  were  the  jury  : —  the  facts  of  this  case,  and  the  evi- 
R.  M.  S.  Monsergh,  foreman.  E.  C.  dence  he  meant  to  bring  forward 
Moone,  R.  A.  Gason,  J.  Going,  on  the  part  of  the  Crown,  in  sup- 
John  Lloyd,  J.  Ferry,  J.  Bussel),  port  of  the  very  serious  charges 
E.  Penne&ther,  T.  Sadlier,  J.  Tut-  that  he  had  considered  it  his  duty 
hill,  S.  Monsergh,  and  0.  Going.  U>  submit  to  them  against  the  pri- 

The  Clerk  of  the  Crovm  read  soner,  Mr.  W.  S.  O'Brien.    That 

the  indictment.  gentleman  was   charged  with   ao 

Mr.  Lynch  opened  the  pleadings,  offence  the  highest  and  greatest  in 

The   prisoner   was  chai^d    with  the  contemplation  of  the  law  of 

high    treason.      The    indictment  which  a  subject  could  be  guilty, 

contained  sis  counts  ;  the  first  live  He  was  charged  with  the  offence 

charged  the  prisoner  with  raising  of  hi^h  treason.  Fortunately,  trials 

and  levying  war  against  the  Queen;  for  high  treason  were  of  very  unfro- 

the  sixth  charged  him  with  a  con-  quent  occurrence ;  and  therefore  it 

spiracy  to  bring  and  put  to  death  might  be  necessary  for  him  to  state 

the  Queen.     The  firet  count  found  to  the  jury  what  he  conceived  to 

that  the  prisoner  and  others  named  be  the  law  of  the  cassi  in  order 


D=.l,:sa:,G00gIC 


392        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

that  thejr  might  properly  apply  the  of  ThJBdewood  and  olh«n,  that 

flvideace  nrhkb  migut  be  produced  such  thinga  as  occurred  in  ordukaij 

before  them,  and  know  the  nature  wat&re  were  not  necessary  to  nuke 

of  the  charge  they  were  trying,  out  the  eharge.     An  insarcecdas 

In  veiy  early  times  (the  reign  of  and    ri^ng    for    the    porpOBe  of 

Edward  III.)  «D  act  was  passed  effecting    by    force    of   nomben, 

defining  what  might  be  considered  however  ill  arrayed  or  organiset 

as  treason.     It  was  under  that  act  any  general  purpose,  in  which  tbe 

they  were  now  proceeding.     It  was  pmy  had  no  particnlar  iatereat, 

passed  in  1 8&0 ;  and,  so  far  as  the  amounted  to  a  levying  of  war.    A 

present  precise  charge  against  the  rebellion  rarely  in  its  commeiiee- 

prisoner  was  concerned,  it  wss  ne-  ment  had  much  militaiy  disciplioe 

cessary  to  refer  to  only  a  small  part  or  array,  although  a  tiitle  enocnt 

of  it     It  was  this:  ^-"'Whereas  might  soon  enable  it  to  be  assumed 

divers  opinions  have  been,  before  If  a   battle  were    fought,  it  was 

this  time,  in  what  cases  treasons  called  beUum  percuMum:  but,  if  it 

shall  be  made,  and  what  not,  the.  weremerelyamarchingandleTyiiK 

King,  at  the  request  of  the  Lords  of  war,  still  it  was  esUblisbed  m 

and  Commons,  has  made  the  de-  settled  that  the  actual  amount  of 

claration  following;  that  is  to  say,  persons  engaged  was  not  very  ma. 

when  a  man  do  compass  or  imagine  terial ;  but  it  must  l>e  established 

tbe  death  of  our  Lord  the  King,  or  upon  that  part  of  tbe  case,  to  tlieir 

if  a  man  do  levy  war  against  onr  satia&ction,  that  there  was  an  in- 

Lord  the  King  in  his  realm,  or  if  surrection — a  rising  in  arms  fbri 

he  shall  be  an  adherent  of  the  public  purpose.    As  to  the  oUkt 

enemies  of  onr  Lord  the  King,  or  charge  —  the   compassing  of  thft 

giving  aid  or  comfort  to  them,  and  death  of  the  Queen — it  had  alu 

that  Aiey  shall  be  attainted  of  open  been  established  from  the  earlint 

deed,  by  persona  of  their  own  con-  time,  that  to  support  such  a  cbsrg« 

dition,  that  man  shall  be  declared  it  was  not  necessary  to  prove  thst 

guilty  of  the  crime  of  treason."  the    party  actually   contemplated 

Bis  learned  friend,    Mr.  Lynch,  personal  violence  to  tbe  severe^. 

had  stated  that  the  hrst  count  of  levying  of  war  was  of   itself  an 

the  indictment,  and  the  four  fol-  overt  act  to  support  it.    Tbe  object 

lowing,  which  might  be  considered  of  deposing  the  sovereign,  or  re- 

as  part  of  it,  charged  the  prisoner  straining  his  personal  liber^,  ^ 

with  the  offence  of  levying  war  an  overt  act  of  compassing  bis 

against  the  Queen,  and  the  ques-  death.     Moet  probably,  under  the 

tion  the  jury  would  have  to  dete^  direction  of  the  Court,  the  only 

mine  upon  the  evidence  was  this, —  matter  they  would   have   to  try 

whether  the  conduct  of  the  prisoner  would   be,  whether  Mr.   O'Bren 

had  been  such  as  amounted  to  a  and  the  persons  eng^ed  with  fain 

levying  of  war?     With  respect  to  had  benn  guilty  of  levying  visri 

that  question,  it  was  perfectly  set^  and  if  they  came  to  that  coodn- 

tled  by  a  train  of  judicial  deter-  sion,   both    parts  of    the    charge 

minations  what  offences  amounted  against  tbe  prisoner  would  be  sufi' 

to  that  crime.     It  was  laid  down  tained.    The  actual  outbreak  and 

by  Judge  Foster  in  his  book,  and  rebellion  did  not  occupy  more  than 

aiso  by  Lord  Tenterden  on  the  trial  a  week  in  July  last ;  hut,  in  order 


STATETRIALS.  393 

that  they  might  understand  the  the  same  meedug  Mr.  Meagher 
object  of  those  proceedings,  it  made  a  speech  of  a  similar  oha- 
would  be  necessarj  that  he  should  recter.  Then  it  was  that  be  advised 
oommence  &t  a  mucb  earlier  period,  the  meeting  to  take  the  first  step 
and  trace  what  Mr.  O'Brien  himself  towards  that  end  in  the  words 
must  haTe  really  anticipated  as  the  "  Up  with  the  barricades,  and  in- 
necessory  result  of  his  conduct.  In  voke  the  God  of  battles."  It  was 
January,  1847,  an  association  was  rigbt  to  mention  the  state  of  the 
formed  in  Dublin,  called  the  Irish  law  in  March  last.  At  that  time, 
Confederation,  consisting  of  several  as  now,  if  any  person  were  guilty  of 
members,  including  Mr.  O'Brien,  high  treason  he  forfeited  his  life ; 
Mr.  Meagher,  Mr.  Doheny,  and  but  the  speaking  or  publishing  of 
Mr.  O'Gorroan,  who,  by  the  evi-  seditious  speeches,  unaccompanied 
dence,  it  appeared  had.  at  a  con-  by  some  overt  act  or  actual  levying 
siderable  period  prior  to  this  out-  of  war.  was  a  mere  misdemeanor, 
break,  arranged  a  plan  for  on  and,  if  arrested,  they  would  be 
insurrection.  He  did  not  say  he  set  at  liberty  pending  their  trial, 
meant  to  offer  evidence  that  any  The  use  these  persons  made  of 
plan  was  actually  formed  for  that  that  liberty  was  to  constitute  them- 
purpose  so  long  ago  as  January,  selves  the  bearers  of  an  address  to 
1617;  but  that  the  association  the  French  natiou;  and  Messrs. 
continued  to  July,  and  that  in  O'Brien,  Meagber,  and  O'Gorman 
February  or  March  last  a  definite  went  over  to  Paris  accordingly,  not 
arrangement  or  plan  was  formed,  merely  to  congratulate  that  nation 
the  object  of  which  was.  by  force  on  the  change  they  had  effected  in 
and  violence,  to  effect  a  separation  their  afbirs,  but  really  and  truly 
of  the  two  countries,  and  to  erect  to  make  such  arrangements  as 
Ireland  into  an  independent  king-  would  enable  them,  in  the  event 
dom.  It  was  a  matter  of  history  of  an  outbreak,  to  get  assistance 
that  the  French  revolution  took  and  sympathy  from  France.  The 
place  in  February  last.  The  sue-  first  design  proposed  was,  that  the 
cess  of  that  revolution  appeared  to  Irish  people  should  establish  a 
give  encouragement  to  tJiose  who  natioualguard through thecountry; 
entertained  similar  revolutionary  but  finally  it  was  resolved  that  they 
principles  in  regard  to  this  country,  should  establish  clubs,  to  be  pro- 
Accordingly,  about  that  period,  vided  with  arme,  with  officers  over 
meetings  were  held,  apparently  every  subdivision,  so  that  at  any 
for  the  purpose  and  with  the  ex-  given  moment  they  should  be  pro- 
pressed  intention  of  congratulating  pared  to  rise.  Up  to  this  time  the 
the  Provisional  Government  esta-  speaking  or  publishing  seditious 
blbhedin  France.  Upon  thatoc-  speecheswasonlyamisdemeanour; 
oasioQ  Mr.  O'Brien  was  present,  but  in  April  an  act  was  psssed 
and  made  a  speech  which  it  was  which  rendered  the  compassing  or 
impossible  to  bear  or  peruse  with-  imagining  the  deposition  of  the 
out  seeing  that  there  was  a  settled  Queen,  or  giving  expression  to  any 
idea  in  Mr.  O'Brien's  mind  that  such  intention,  ^lony.  Under  this 
the  time  would  shortly  arrive  when  act  Mr.  Mitchell  bad  been  convicted 
it  would  be  necessary  to  have  re-  and  Mr.  Dufiy  arrested.  Startled 
coarse  to  arms  to  erect  Ireland  by  these  proceedings,  the  leaders 
into  an  independent  kingdom.    At  were  compelled  to  some  decisive 


304        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 


coarse ;  and,  after  some  heeiUtioD, 
Mr.  O'Brien  and  the  other  leaders 
determiDed  to  rise  in  August,  so  as 
to  rescne  Mr.  Mitchell  and  to  an- 
ticipate the  trial  of  Mr.  Dafij. 
Thej  accordingly  redoubled  their 
exertions  to  effect  a  rising.  Mr. 
O'Brien  went  to  Cork  and  the 
South  of  Ireland,  Doheny  went  to 
one'  part,  Dillon  and  O'Gonnan 
to  another.  The  Lord  Lieutenant 
proclaimed  Dublin  and  the  districts 
adjoining  on  the  18th  July,  and  at 
the  same  time  an  Act  was  passed 
by  the  Imperial  Poriiament  for  the 
suspension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus 
Act,  and  it  was  hoped,  by  the  arrest 
of  ibe  leaders,  to  save  the  country 
from  bloodshed  and  loss  of  life. 
Alarmed  by  this  step,  the  leaders 
of  the  Confederation  determined 
that  the  rising  should  take  place 
on  the  Iflth  of  July.  As  a  pre- 
paration for  the  rising,  tbe  Council 
of  the  Confederation,  which  pre- 
viously consisted  of  31  persons, 
was  reduced  to  five,  who  were  to 
constitute  a  War  Directory,  while 
Mr.  O'Brien  was  to  take  the  field 
in  person.  A  witness  would  be 
produced  who  was  present  at  the 
time  of  the  reduction  of  the  council ; 
but  it  so  happened  that,  by  a  pro- 
vidential circumstance,  the  jury 
would  not  be  called  upon  to  believe 
his  sole  evidence,  inasmuch  as  the 
identical  balloting  papers  nsed  at 
the  time  had  been  found  among  tbe 
effectsofaconfederate  named  I^lor. 
That  brought  them  to  the  Slst  of 
July.  Mr,  O'Brien,  early  on  the 
aSnd  of  July,  left  for  Enniscorthy. 
On  the  day  following  the  Prime 
Minister  brought  in  a  bill  to  sus- 
pend the  Habeas  Corpus  Act.  It 
vras  introduced  and  passed  the 
House  of  Commons  on  Saturday. 
On  Monday  it  was  agreed  to  by 
the  House  of  Lords,  and  on  Tues- 
day received  the  Royal  Assent  On 


Friday  the  snbstance  ot  tlie  an- 
nouncement was  conveyed  to  Dub- 
lin by  telegraphic  despatch.  On 
Satoraay  Meagber  and  Dillon  left 
Dublin  to  give  informatioD  to 
03rien,  and  to  take  tbe  field  with 
him ;  they  arrived  at  Enniscorlhj 
on  Sunday.  On  the  moinii^  of 
that  day  O'Brien  addressed  the 
people  who  were  assembled  tamind 
the  car  in  which  he  was  abont  to 
travel  He  told  them  the  time 
was  come,  and  used  lasgoage  to 
induce  them  to  prepare  for  an  oat- 
break,  and  to  have  measnres  con- 
certed for  such  a  purpose.  Tbe 
party  left  Enniscorthy  that  day, 
and  were  traced  to  Graigne,  Kil- 
kenny, and  Callan.  They  then 
addressed  large  crowds  of  persons. 
Some  of  the  persons  so  addressed 
would  be  produced,  and  the  sub- 
Btance  of  their  evidence  would 
show  that  the  people  were  apprized 
that  the  time  was  at  en  end  for 
peaceable  measures — they  most 
have  recourse  to  war;  that  they 
must  not  consider  the  military  or 
police  as  enemies— they  were  ho- 
nest men.  and  would  take  part  with 
them.  The  party  pursned  their 
couree  to  Carrick,  Eillenaule,  and 
Mullinahone.  He  (the  Attorney- 
General)  was  not  able  to  trace 
O'Brien's  proceedings  in  the  in- 
terval; but.  from  a  portmanteau 
being  found  at  Mrs.  Doheny's  at 
Cashel,  after  bis  arrcet,  it  was  pro- 
bable that  he  passed  the  night  of 
the  24th  at  Mrs.  Doheny's  boose. 
On  the  following  day,  the  QOtfa, 
he  arrived  at  Mullinahone  at  about 
8  or  4  o'clock,  and  then  com- 
menced what  in  his  (the  Attorney- 
General's)  opinion  amounted  to  a 
levying  of  war.  Before  be  arrived 
it  was  known  he  was  to  be  there, 
and  a  lai^e  body  of  people  was 
assembled  from  the  surrounding 
oountiy.     Some  were  armed  with 


S  T  A  T  E    T  R  I  A  L  S.  395 

pikea  or  guns.     Speeches  of  the    moved  he  should  force  his  pae- 
most    seditious     character    nere     eage.     A  gentleman,  he  believed 

rken;  drilling,  and  matters  of  Dillon,  came  from  O'Brien  to 
t  description,  took  place.  Had  know  whether  it  was  Captain  Long- 
the  matter  stopped  there,  that  mores  intention  to  arrest  O'Brien, 
would  have  amounted  to  a  levying  for  if  it  were  the  barricades  should 
of  war.  Several  strangers  arrived,  remain,  but  if  it  were  not  thej 
and  amongst  them  waa  one  named  should  be  removed.  Captain  Long- 
Terence  M'Manus,  who  brougbt  more  said  he  was  merel/  on  his 
with  him  a  military  uniform  of  march  with  his  troops  through  the 
green.  He  would  state  to  the  country,  and,  sccoroingly,  the  bar- 
jury  that  one  of  the  expressions  ricades  were  removed.  There  was 
used  by  some  of  the  people  at  noontbreak.  O'Brien  then  marched 
Mullinahone  was,  that  one  of  the  on  to  Ballingarry  with  an  armed 
future  leaders  or  kings  of  Ireland  body,  and  stated  there,  as  an  en- 
was  within  its  walls.  On  the  next  couraaement  to  the  people  to  rise, 
day  (Wednesday  the  S6th)  O'Brien,  that  he  had  defeated  some  dra- 
accompanied  by  a  number  of  per-  goons — that  Dublin  was  up — the 
eons,  went  to  the  police  barracks,  country  was  up,  and,  in  fact,  all 
where  there  were  only  sis  men.  was  right.  On  Saturday,  the  39tb, 
O'Brien  vras  armed  vrith  a  pike,  it  was  generally  known  that  O'Brien 
and  had  some  pistols  in  his  belt,  was  in  arms,  and  a  proclamation 
O'Brien  called  on  the  police  to  had  been  issued  ofFenna  a  revrard 
join  him,  and  told  them  all  re-  for  hie  arrest.  Accordingly,  on 
eistance  was  in  vein,  and  asked  that  day,  Mr.  Trant,  sub-inspector 
them  to  surrender  their  arms ;  of  police,  with  a  force  of  40  or  50 
that  they  saw  the  display  and  the  men,  marched  forward  to  attack 
enthasiasm  of  the  people,  and  the  and  disperse  this  party  of  rebels, 
number  of  anned  men  who  accom-  Arrangements  were  made  by  which 
panied  them.  Williams,  the  chief  Trant  might  expect  the  aid  of  a 
constable  of  police,  told  him  they  large  body  of  constables  from  other 
would  not  yield  their  arms  except  districts,  who  were  to  arrive  about 
with  their  lives.  Directly  after-  the  same  time  at  the  same  place ; 
wards  the  party  of  police  left  their  but  he  arrived  in  view  of  the 
barracks  and  went  to  Cashel.  The  rebels  several  hours  before  the 
party  who  accompanied  O'Brien  others.  He  soon  found  himself 
were  moving  on  tovrards  Ballin-  almost  surrounded  by  an  armed 
garry.  From  the  arrival  of  O'Brien  body  of  3000  or  SOOO  men,  and 
at  Mnllioahone  there  was  nothing  thought  it  advisable  not  to  attack 
but  a  levying  of  war.  On  Friday,  so  large  a  force.  There  was  a 
the  S8th,  O'Brien  went  to  Kil-  slate-roofed  house  three  or  four 
lenaule,  and  whilst  there  he  was  fields  distant  from  the  road,  where, 
apprised  by  a  scout  that  a  detach-  if  he  gained  it.  he  might  defend 
ment  of  dragoons  were  on  their  himself  until  the  'other  constabu- 
march.  It  was  thought  advisable  lary  arrived.  He  and  his  par^ 
to  erect  barricades  across  the  road  accordingly  hastened  to  and  took 
to  prevent  their  march.  Captain  possession  of  the  house,  and  for- 
Longmore,  the  officer  in  command,  tified  it  as  well  as  was  in  their 
informed  some  of  O'Brien's  party  power.  The  house  was  quickly 
that  unless  the  barricades  were  re-    surrounded,    but  Trant  gave  ui 


306       ANNUAL    BEGISTER    1848. 

order  u  his  men  not  to  fire  un-  that,  fntA  what  he  had  statedi 
leas  the;  were  fired  upon.  The  there  was  sufBdeDt  force  and  no- 
men  were  divided  into  partiee  of  lence  to  amount  to  a  leyying  of 
four  or  five  in  each  room,  the  war.  He  could  not  anticipate  tba 
house  being  two  stories  high,  course  hia  learned  friend  would 
O'Brien  came  up  to  the  house,  take,  but  he  thought  it  vet;  pro- 
aeked  to  see  the  officer,  and  ap-  bable  that  with  hia  friend'a  great 
plied  to  the  men  to  join  him.  knowledge  and  judgment  be  woold 
The;  refused,  and  after  aome  par-  not  argue  that  the  facts  he  had 
losing  O'Brien  himself,  if  he  (the  stated  did  not  amount  to  a  levying 
Attorney-Oeuend)  was  rightly  in-  of  war;  but  he  might  endeavoor 
Btructed,  gave  an  order  to  the  men  to  allege,  aa  was  frequently  M- 
to  fire.  His  command  was  obeyed,  tempted,  that  what  was  done  b; 
the  fire  was  opened  on  the  police.  O'Brien  was  not  done  with  a  re»o- 
But  whether  he  gave  the  order  or  lutionaiy  object;  that  it  was  not 
not  was  immaterial.  The  fire  was  to  efi'ect  any  change  in  the  Go- 
returned,  and  two,  he  beliered,  of  venjment  or  constitution  of  the 
iht  country  people  were  shot,  and  oountiy,  foe  if  there  were  such  an 
many  were  wouuded.  Everything  object,  his  friend  must  know,  as  ■ 
that  ability  and  eloquence  could  lawyer,  that  there  could  be  dd 
do  would  be  done  by  his  learned  doubt  that  what  had  occurred  woold 
friend,  Mr.  Whiteside,  to  explain  amount  to  a  levying  of  war  within 
the  conduct  of  Mr.  03rien;  but,  the  statute  of  Edward.  But  if 
if  those  facta  ware  proved,  it  would  there  were  any  doubt,  documeiils 
be  for  the  jury  to  se;  whether  they  had  been  found  in  the  poasessioD 
did  not  amount  to  a  levying  of  of  O'Brien,  in  his  own  handwrit 
war,  and  whether  the  object  of  ing,  which  relieved  the  caee  from 
them  was  not  of  a  revolutionary  every  difflaulty.  These  wore  let^ 
character.  That  attack  occurred  ters  found  upon  bis  person,  and 
at  the  house  of  the  widow  M'Cor-  documents  which  were  discovered 
mack.  Trant's  party  were  soon  in  his  portmanteau  which  had  been 
after  relieved  by  sub-inspector  Cox  left  at  Mrs.  Doheny's.  and  which 
and  a  party.  From  that  moment  clearlydeveloped  the  revolutionary 
O'Brien  saw  that  any  reliance  upon  objects  of  these  persons-  '^^ 
the  constabulary  joining  him  was  Attorney- General  then  read  a  lei- 
out  of  the  question — he  found  that  ter  of  C.  O.  Dufi'y,  as  follows: — 
it  was  the  fixed  determination  of  "  Satordn. 
every  man  in  that  service  to  lose  "  My  dear  Sir, — I  am  glaa  to 
bis  life  rather  than  swerve  from  learn  that  you  are  about  to  coin- 
his  allegiance  to  his  Sovereign,  mence  a  series  of  meetings  ii> 
That  being  the  case,  there  was  an  Munster.  There  is  no  half-way 
end  of  his  expedition.  From  the  house  for  you.  You  will  be  the 
arrival  of  Cox  and  his  party,  on  head  of  tiie  movement,  loyally 
the  39th  of  July,  O'Brien  was  no-  obeyed,  and  the  revolution  will  be 
where  to  be  found,  but  a  police-  conducted  with  order  and  de- 
man,  Carroll,  was  stepped,  and  money;  or  the  mere  anarchists 
afterwards  released  by  O'Brien,  will  prevail  with  the  people,  and 
It  was  not  his  (the  Attorney-Gene-  our  revolution  will  be  a  bloody 
ral's)  intention  to  overstate  a  single  chaos.  Yon  have  at  present  In- 
tact, but  there  could  not  be  a  doubt  &yette'8     place,     eo     graphieallj 


STATETRIALS.  397 

Kinted  b;  Lamartine,  and  I  be-  its  active  men  St  for  thia  work, 

yo  faave  fallen  into  Lafayette's  and  it  is  only  bj  applying  all  oar 

error — that  of  not  using  it  to  all  force  to  it  that  we  will  succeed, 
its  ext«nt  and  in  all  its  resources.        "  With  best    regards   to  Mrs. 

I  am  perfectly  well  aware  that  you  O'Brien,  believe  me,  my  dear  Sir, 

don't  desire  to  lead  or  influence  very  truly  yours, 
others ;  bm  I  believe  with  Lamar-  "  C.  Q.  Duffy." 

tine  that  that  feeling  which  is  a  The  next  evidencQ  to  be  laid  be- 

bigh  personal  and  civic  virtue  is  a  fore  them  was  a  letter  dated  "  Bal- 

vice  in  revolutions.     One  might  as  liogany,   July   29,"    and  written 

well,    I   think,   not  want    to    in-  Just  before  the  arrival  of  the  police 

fluence  a  man  who  waa  going  to  under  llr.   Cos  and  Mr.  Traat> 

walk  on  thawing  ice  or  to  cross  a  It  was  addressed  to  the  proprietor 

fordlees  river,  as  not  to  desire  to  of  the  coal-mines  in  the  distriot: 

keep  men  right  in  a  political  Strug-  m    it    Mr.    O'Brien    advised   the 

gle,  and  to  do  it  with  might  and  owners  to  give  all  the  produce  of 

main.     If  I  were  Smith  O'Brien,  their  works  to  their  men,  or,  in 

I   would    strike   out  in   my  own  the    event    of    their    rssistanoe, 

mind,  or  with  such  counsel  as  I  threatened  them  with  conflacatioa 

valued,  a  definite  course  for  the  "should  the  Irish  revolution  be 

revolution,  and  labour  incessantly  succeeeful."    It  would  be  a  most 

to  develope  it  in  that  way.     For  fortunate  circnmstance  if  it  abould 

example,  your  project  of  obtaining  appear  that  the  movements  of  the 

signatures  to  the  roll  of  the  Na-  Oovemment  in  taking  active  mea- 

tioaal  Qoard,  endwbsnasufBcient  sures  had  precipitated  the  course 

number  were  produced,  and   not  of  the  conspirators.     Had  not  the 

BOoner,callingtheOouDcilofThree  Government  taken  precautions,  he 

Hundred,  was  one  I  entirely  relied  did  not  say  but  that  the  loyalty  of 

upon :  but  it  has  been  permitted  the  immense  mass  of  the  people, 

to    fall    into    disuse,    and   would  supported  by  the  courage  and  de- 

Bcarcely  be    revived    now.      The  TOtion  of  the  police,  would  have 

clubs,   however,    might  take  the  carried  the  country  sa&ly  through 

place  of  the  National  Guard,  and  the  danger;  but  he  was  persuaded 

the  proposal  in  your  letter  on that  the  suspension  of  the  Habeas 

of  a  definite  number  of  clubs  being  Corpus  Act  would  have  been  in- 
formed, would  just  suit  as  well  if  deed  an  auspicious  measure,  if  it 
it  were  vigorously  and  systematic-  had  had  the  effect  of  forcing  the 
ally  carried  out,  each  day  adding  conspirators  to  take  the  field  at  r 
an  item  to  it,  and  all  the  men  we  time  when  their  anangemente  were 
could  influence  employed  upon  it.  not  complete.  It  waa  also  a  mat- 
"  Forgive  me  for  urging  this  so  ter  of  great  congratulation  that  not 
anxionslj  upon  you;  but  I  verily  one  person  out  of  all  tboee  who 
believe  the  hopes  of  the  countt?  supported  the  cause  of  law  and 
depend  upon  t^e  manner  in  which  order  had  lost  his  life  or  suffered 
the  next  two  months  are  used,  injury.  Some  of  those  uufortu- 
Tbere  is  not  a  town  in  which  you  nate  people  who  had  accompanied 
could  not  find  a  band  of  mis-  Ur.  O'Brien  had  lost  their  livea 
sionaries  to  organize  the  neigh-  in  the  open  fields,  but  it  was  well 
bouring  counties.    Every  dob  haa  that  more  blood  bad  not  Iwen  shed. 


parsued  i 
lirery. 


3d8        ANNUAL    R  EGIST  EB^  1848. 


That  was  hia  cass;  and  if  it  were 
proved,  aa  he  believed  it  would  be 
moat  folly,  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  jurj,  he  did  not  entertain  a 
shadow  of  donht  but  that  thej 
would  do  their  duty,  however  pain- 
ful that  might  be  to  them,  and 
find  the  prisoner  guilty ;  while  on 
the  other  hand  they  would  give 
him  the  benefit  of  any  hesitation 
they  might  feel  as  to  tha  full 
extent  of  his  criminality. 

Mr.  J.  O.  Hodges.— Was  a 
abortluDd  writer,  and  he  first  at- 
tended a  meeting  of  the  Confede- 
ration on  the  6th  or  Idarch,  1848. 
Ur.  O'Brien  was  there.  Witness 
stated  that  he  had  been  sent  to 
the  meeting  to  take  notes  and  to 
identify  the  speakers.  Uesars. 
Uesffher,  O'Oomian,  DaSy, 
U'Qliie,  Dillon,  and  Halpin,  the 
secretary,  were  also  there.  Mr. 
O'Brien  made  a  speech  there. 
Had  a  transcription  of  the  notes 
with  htm.  The  notes  were  at  his 
lodgings. 

The  Solicito^Genera].  —  Read 
the  speech  if  you  please. 

Mr.  Whiteside  submitted  the 
notes  of  a  speech  of  so  distant  a 
date  could  not  he  received  in  evi- 
dence in  support  of  the  indict- 
ment, and  referred  to  the  cases 
of  Watson,  Hardy.  Tooke,  and 
Fisncia.  to  prove  that  speeches. 


evidence  of  the  intent  with 
which  subsequent  acts  bad  been 
done. 

The  Attoraey-Oeneral  contended 
that  the  evidence  was  cleariy  ad- 
missible to  prove  the  count  for  the 
levying  of  war  as  well  as  the  count 
lor  conspiracy.  The  Crown  ad- 
duced these  speeches  to  show  the 
motives  which  actuated  Mr.O'Brien, 
and  to  aoconnt  for  the  conduct  he 


subsequent  to  their  de- 

.very. 

The  liOid  Chief  Justice  said 
that  the  Court  were  of  opinion 
these  speeches  could  be  received 
in  evidence  of  the  intention  with 
which  the  accused  committed  the 
overt  acts  alleged  against  him. 

Witness  then  read  at  great 
length  speeches  delivered  by  the 
prisoner  at  that  meeting,  on  the 
ISth  April  and  tlie  Iflth  July,  in 
which  the  prisoner  developed  his 
projects  for  extensive  agitation. 

Gross-examined  by  Mr.  White- 
side.— Had  had  some  experience 
in  reporting  ablation  speeches; 
hod  heard  many  of  Mr.  O'Con* 
nell's.  Had  proved  the  first  speech 
he  read  that  day  in  a  court  of  jus- 
tice against  Ur.  O'Brien  on  the 
occasion  of  a  prosecution  for  sedi- 
tion in  the  Queen's  Bench.  Be- 
Ueved  that  the  jury  disagreed  on 
that  occasion,  and  could  not  deter- 
mine whether  he  was  guilty  of  se- 
dition or  not.  Had  seen  the  unifbim 
of  the  "  '62  Club."  It  was  green. 
Many  of  those  attending  the  toirS* 
were  in  that  dress.  Had  beard 
Mr.  Mitchell  was  expelled  the  Con- 
federation on  the  motion  of  Mr. 
O'Brien. 

Oeneral  Maodonald  examined. 
— Was  in  command  in  a  part  of 
Tipperary  at  the  time  of  the  in- 
surrection, and  at  the  beginnmgof 
last  August  saw  Mr.  O'Brien  after 
his  arrest  at  Tburles.  [Identified 
him.]  Saw  Mr.  O'Brien  ^ve  up  a 
number  of  papers,  keys,  and  a 
quantity  of  other  articles  ;  took  a 
handkerchief  in  which  Mr.  O'Brien 
hod  deposited  those  articles,  and 
put  them  in  a  despatch  box  which 
he  delivered  to  Captain  Emau, 
41st  Regiment,  sctiug  for  Ooveni- 
ment,  They  were  put  under  cover 
and  were  sent  with  the  keys.  Hod 


STATE    TRIALS. 


never  seen  them  since.  [Iden- 
tified the  documenu  produced  as 
those  found  on  Mr.  O'Brien.] 

Cross-examined. —  Mr.  O'Brien 
had  juBt  101.  I6t.  Hd.  on  his  per- 
son whea  he  was  captured. 

September  90th. 

Captain  Eman. — BeceiTed  this 
parcel  from  General  Macdonald, 
and  delivered  it  in  the  same  state 
he  received  it  to  the  Secretary  at 
the  Vice-Regal  Lodge. 

Mr.  Gore  Jonee,  RM.— Tb  a  re- 
sident magistrate  of  this  county. 
Was  at  Thurles  in  August  last, 
and  remembered  the  night  O'Brien 
nas  arrested.  Saw  Mr.  O'Brien 
at  about  half-past  8  in  the  evening 
at  the  Bridewell  at  Thurles.  He 
had  a  long  conversation  with  Mr. 
O'Brien.  He  got  two  lett«rs  from 
him  and  fonrarded  them.  One 
was  for  Mrs.  O'Brien  and  the  other 
for  Mrs.  Doheny.  Mr.  O'Brien 
begged  him  to  have  them  for- 
wai^ed  to  Mrs.  Doheny  and  Hre. 
O'Brieu.  He  transmitted  the  let- 
ter for  Mrs.  Doheny  to  Sub-In- 
spector Cox,  at  Cashel,  where  Mrs. 
Doheny  resided.  Prisoner  asked 
witness  if  he  could  get  his  port- 
manteau, which  was  in  the  keep- 
ing of  Mrs.  Doheny.  He  told  Mr. 
O'Brien  that  his  messenf^er  must 
necessarily  be  of  the  police,  and 
that  Mrs.  Doheny  would  not  give 
op  the  portmanteau  unless  he  (Mr. 
O'Brien)  wrote  for  it.  He  also 
told  Mr.  O'Brien  that  anything  he 
wrote  must  be  read  by  witness  be- 
fore he  transmitted  it.  He  then 
wrote  a  letter,  which  witness  had 
already  stated  he  transmitted  to 
Mr.  Cox,  and  received  subsequently 
from  Mr.  Cos  a  portmanteau. 
Gave  it  in  charge  to  Mr.  Bagnell, 
an  engineer  of  uie  South-Westera 
line.  Witness  transmitted  the 
portmanteau  as  be  received  it. 


Croes-examined  by  Mr.  White- 
side.— Mr.  O'Brien  was  at  that 
time  a  prisoner  in  the  Bridewell ; 
he.  said  he  wished  to  have  the 
portmanteau,  and  witness  waa  to 
get  it  for  him. 

Did  you,  as  a  man  of  honour 
and  a  magistrate,  tell  Mr.  O'Brien 
that  anything  he  said  to  you  would 
be  produced  gainst  him? — I  did 
not 

Did  you  tell  him  that,  instead 
of  sending  the  portmanteau  to 
him,  you  should  pack  it  up  and 
send  it  to  the  Secretary  of  SUte? 
— I  did  not. 

Did  you  give  a  distinct  engage- 
ment to  Mr.  O'Brien  as  to  die 
portmanteau,  accompanied  with 
eveiy  demonstration  of  courtesy? 
— I  did  assure  him  he  should  have 
his  portmanteau. 

And  upon  the  faith  of  that  as- 
surance you  got  that  letter  from 
him  to  Mrs.  Doheny?— I  did. 

And  you  gave  that  letter  t«  the 
police?— I  did. 

Sub-Inspector  Cox,  and  other 
witnesses,  traced  the  deliveir  of 
the  portmanteau  to  the  han^  of 
Mr.  Redington,  the  Under-Secre- 
tary, and  Mr.  Thos.  Burke,  who 
opened  it,  and  now  produced  and 
identified  the  papers  and  docu- 
ments, part  of  its  contents. 

Mr,  W.  Lowe,  examined  by  the 
Attorney- General. — Knew  Mr.  C. 
G.  Duffy  since  the  year  164S. 
Knew  his  handwriting.  Had  seen 
him  writs.  Believed  the  letter 
handed  to  him  (one  of  the  lettars 
found  in  the  trunk)  by  the  Attor- 
ney-General to  be  in  his  hand- 
writing, but  could  not  swear  it  dis- 
tinctly. Had  been  the  manager 
of  the  printing  business  of  the 
Natum.  Knew  Mr.  Duffy's  hand- 
writing; in  fact  had  no  doubt  but 
that  the  letter  produced  was  writ- 
ten by  him. 


400        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848. 

Ur.  W.  Sheaman,  exuntned  hj  objected  to  ihe  receipt  of  Ihem, 

the  Solicitur- General. — Besided  at  because  Mre.   Doheny,  in  wbow 

Waterford,  and  was  a  professional  custody  it  had  remained,  had  not 

mati.     Knew  Mr.  T.  F.  Meagher,  been  produced.     Thirdly,  he  ob- 

Had   received  letters  from  liiro.  jected    because     Mr.    Redingbm 

Believed  the  letter  produced  to  be  should  have  been   summoned  to 

in  his  baud wri ting.  (It  waa  marked  show     the    circumstaacee    tader 

and  handed  m  to  the  officer,  being  nbich  the  trunk  had  been  opened 

one  of  the  three  letters  found  in  when  in  his  poesesaion,  and  hov  it 

the  portmanteau.)     Identified  an-  came  into  his  possession, 

other  letter  produced  as  being  in  The  Lord  Chief  Justice. — Wa 

Ur,  Meagher's  handwriting.  think  there  is  eTidence  to  go  (o 

Cross-examined  b;  Mr,  White-  the  jury.      These  papers  may  b« 

aide.— Had  never  seen  the  letters  said  to   have  been   tnuxd  to  the 

before.  possession  of  Mr.  O'Brien. 

The  Attorney-General  then  rose  Mr.  Franklin,  examined  by  Mr, 
to  reeapitnlate  the  evidence  with  SooCL — Holds  the  situation  at  ma- 
respect  to  those  documents,  in  eager  of  the  Provincial  Bank  at 
order  that  they  might  be  read  in  Limerick.  Is  acquainted  wick  Mr. 
court  and  receiTed  in  evidence.  Smith  O'Brien;  he  kept  an  m- 
They  were  clearly  traceable  to  Mr.  count  at  that  bank.  Kuom  bis 
O'Brien's  possession,  and  were  ad-  handwriting.  (Several  documents 
miesible  in  evidence  against  him.  were  handed  to  the  witness.)    To 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice. — With  one  there  was  no  signature;  tie 

respect  to  the  ralue  of  the  ol^ec-  believed  that  to  be  in  Mr.  O'Brieo'i 

tion  against  receiving  the  contents  handwriting.     Of  another  the  ng- 

of  that  trunk  against  Mr.  O'Brien,  nature  and  address  only  were  <t 

the  Court  have  to  say  that  they  do  his  handwriting.    In  a  third,  only 

not   know  how  it  came  into  the  one  word«-"  Cahirmoyle."  wssso. 

possession  of  Mr.  Cox.     Norton  is  Robert  Walpole.    inspector  of 

not  produoed  to  show  how  be  got  police  in  Dublin,  examined  byUr. 

it,  and  Mr.  Cox  is  the  first  person  Sausse. — Produced  several  pepen 

in   whose  possession    it  appears,  purporting  to  be  the  Dublin  Oa- 

The  Crown  had  not  produced  the  xettsa  of  Tuesday,  the  25th  of  Joly, 

first  person  who  had  possession  of  1648,  Friday,  the  S8th  of  July,  an 

the  trunk.  extrsordinary  Gaatlts  of  WedDea- 

Mr.  Whiteside  submitted  that  it  day,  the  36th  of  July,  and  that  of 

would  be  impossible  to  receive  the  the  Slet  of   July.      Rememben 

contents  of  the  trunk  or  portman-  that  on  the  27tli  of  July  he  «cnt 

teau  i^nst  Mr.  O'Brien.     He  to  the  house  of  a  person  named 

had  three  oligections  to  ine  recep-  Keeley,  in  Eustace  Street,  Dub- 

tion  of  them, — first,  on  the  funda-  lin.    Does  not  know  Halpin.    The 

mental  grounds  that  the  Crown  witness  produced  papers  which  he 

did  not  produce  the  person  who  said  he  received  from  Eirby,  ■ 

first  received  the  trunk  from  Mrs.  sergeant  of  police  in  DubUn,  who 

Doheny.      No  one  conld  tell  but  accompanied  him  in  his  search  at 

that  the  trunk  had  been  opened  Eeeley's  house, 

ten   times  over  from  the  time  it  Constable    Kirby    proved    the 

left  her  possession  and  before  it  search  and  delivery, 

reached   Mr.  Cox.     Secondly,  be  Mai;  Ann  Keeley,  enmined  by 


STATE    TRIALS. 


401 


the  Attorney-General.  —  Knows 
Mr.  Halpin.  She  bad  seen  those 
papers  which  the  police  took  away 
before  at  Mr.  Edpin's,  9,  D'Olier 
Street.  Mr.  Ualpin  was  there  at 
that  time.  Witness  brought  the 
papers  to  Eustace  Street 

James  Stephenson  Dobbin,  an 
ill-favonred  fellow,  examined  by 
the  Sol idtor- General.  —  Bad  re- 
sided for  the  last  twelve  months  in 
Dublin :  was  a  member  of  the  Red 
Hand  Club,  a  branch  of  the  Cur- 
ran  Club.  It  held  iu  meetings 
on  Constitution  Hill.  The  Cur- 
ran  Club  held  its  meetings  in 
Capel  Street.  There  were  at  the 
house  where  the  Bed  Hand  Club 
met  blinds  at  the  windows  with  a 
red  hand  painted  on  ihem.  There 
were  about  30  members  on  the 
roll;  about  the  SSnd  of  Jul;  there 
were  upwards  of  600  members  be- 
longing to  the  Curran  Club.  It  had 
then  been  two  months  in  organiza- 
tion. Knew  Mr.  T.  F.  Ueagher, 
Mr.  Dillon,  and  others,  who  were 
members  of  that  olub.  Remem- 
bered a  meeting  on  the  15th  of 
July.  Attended  the  club  that 
BTDuing.  Went  on  the  same  even- 
ing to  attend  a  council  of  the  Con- 
federation in  O'Olier  Street.  When 
be  entered  that  house  he  saw  Mr. 
O'Brien  there,  sitting  at  what  he 
called  the  head  of  the  ufale.  Mr. 
Halpin  was  sitting  at  the  lower 
end.  About  100  persons  were 
there.  Mr.  O'Brien  was  sitting  at 
the  head  of  the  table  with  a  book 
in  his  hand.  He  called  over  from 
that  book  the  name  of  the  clubs 
and  of  the  representatives  of  the 
clubs,  and  those  representatives 
came  forward.  Mr.  O'Brien  asked 
of  the  representative  of  each — 
whether  the  club  was  organized, 
and  whether  it  was  divided  into 
sections  and  sub-sections,  with  an 
ofBcer  to  each.  This  meeting  was 
Vol.  XC. 


to  make  amingemeats  for  a  meet- 
ing next  day  near  Kilmainham. 
It  was  a  Mr.  Troughton  who  pro- 
posed that,  in  order  to  form  an 
idea  of  the  strength  of  the  clubs, 
there  should  be  a  meeting  the  nest 
day  at  Ennis  Yard,  near  Kilmain- 

By  Mr.  Justice  Moore:  Was 
sU  that  said  in  Mr.  O'Brien's  pre- 
sence?—It  was. 

The  Solicitor-General:  Did  Mr. 
O'Brien  state  for  what  purpose  the 
elubs  were  divided  into  sections 
and  sub-sections? — Not  just  at  the 
time ;  but  he  said  it  was  to  effect 
the  independence  of  the  country. 

Did  Mr.  O'Brien  use  these 
words,  "To  effect  the  independ- 
ence of  the  oountry"? — Yes,  at 
another  time  that  evening.  The 
meeting  did  not  take  place  because 
the  ground  was  pre-occupied  by  the 
police.  At  the  meeting  in  the 
evening  Mr.  O'Brien  gave  an  en- 
couraging account  of  the  clubs  in 
Cork  and  other  places  which  he 
had  visited.  He  said  he  marched 
the  club  at  Cork  in  the  yard,  and 
that  they  were  as  Gue  a  body  of 
men  as  any  in  Her  Majesty's  ser- 
vice. There  was  a  general  con- 
versation as  to  the  state  of  their 
arms.  Troughton  also  gave  an 
account  of  a  tour  he  had  made  in 
England  for  the  purpose  of  or- 
ganizing the  clubs,  and  said  there 
were  liSOO  armed  men  ready  to 
come  over  when  the  insurrection 
broke  out.  He  said  they  had  two 
swivels  also  ready  to  come  over. 
Troughton  siud,  the  great  difflculty 
in  the  way  was  how  to  get  the 
swivels  over.  Mr.  O'Brien  statoJ 
in  reply  that  he  had  been  at  Ban- 
try,  where  he  was  met  by  a  boat's 
crew  who  gave  him  a  heuty  cheer, 
and  who  would  give  him  every 
facility,  and  he  said  that  every 
club  should  have  a  boat  for  that 

a  D 


402       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

and    other    purposes.     Witness  Mr,  Whiteside  objected  to  trais- 

knew  Charles  Gavan  Duff;.     At  actioos  at  which  Ur.  O'Briea  «u 

the    meeting  on  the    16th,    Mr.  not  present    being   given  in  eri- 

O'Brien  spoke  for  a  considnrable  dence  against  him- 

time  of  the  oTganizatbn  necessary  To   the  Lord   Chief  Justice.— 

to  effect  the  object  they  had  in  The  association    at  which  he  «t- 

view,  and  said  he  consitlered  that  tended  was  the  same  aa  tbat  at 

at  that  time  the  organization  was  which  Mr.  O'Brien  bad  been  on 

not  perfect  enough.     He  also  said  the  previous  occasion.    That  eiea- 

that  be  would  rather  stand  on  the  ing  bad  been    set  apart  on  tha 

Slows  than  that  one  person  should  Ifitb,  in  the  presence  of  Mr. 
e  bis  life  on  his  account. "  He  O'Brien,  for  the  formation  of  an 
knew  a  Mr.  Joseph  Brennan.  executive  council  to  manage  lbs 
There  was  another  meeting  on  the  afbirs  of  the  clubs.  O'Gorman 
19th  of  July;  it  was  a  mid-day  and  Dillon  spoke  there,  and  thii 
meeting  in  D'Olier  Street  of  the  other  fellow,  Brennan. 
representatives  of  the  dubs.  Wit-  The  Lord  Chief  Justice.— Wa 
ness  attended  as  representative  of  are  all  of  opinion  that  this  evidence 
the  Red  Hand  Club.  The  meet^  is  admissible, 
ingwasverjcrowde*!.  Mr.  O'Brien  Examination  conttoaed. — When 
was  there.  The  meeting  was  to  Dillon  was  called  to  the  chair,  ha 
consider  measures  to  defeat  the  observed  that  persona  not  autho- 
Lord  Lieutenant's  proclamation  rized  by  the  club  were  present 
about  the  Arms  Bill.  Mr.  Bren-  The  club  representatives  left  tfaa 
nan  proposed  that  the  insurrection  room  and  went  into  an  adjoining 
should  take  place  at  once.  Mr.  apartment  until  the  strangers  bu 
Dillon  was  there,  and  moved  an  left.  On  their  return  they  pro- 
amendment  to  the  resolution,  that  ceeded  to  elect  the  members  of  iba 
the  people  should  conceal  their  new  council  by  means  of  balloting 
arms  and  give  pasBive  resistance  papers,  on  which  each  menilvr 
to  the  proclamation.  Mr.  O'Brien  wrote  the  names  of  the  five  pa- 
said,  that  to  rise  at  (liat  time  would  tlemen  he  desired  to  be  elected 
he  premature.  Mr.  O'Gorman  was  The  council  was  quite  a  now  thing: 
there,  and  said  to  Dillon  the  the  governing  body  of  the  Con- 
amendment  was  too  vague.  They  federation  consisted  of  31  mem- 
said  that  Doheny  was  organizing  bers.  The  term  "  executive  coon- 
in  the  country.  Dillon's  amend-  cil"  was  distinctly  applied  to  the 
ment  was  then  put  to  the  vote,  body  of  five  Could  swear  that 
and  there  was  a  small  majority  in  those  resolutions  had  not  been 
favour  of  it.  Has  seen  members  taken  down  in  a  book.  The  whole 
of  the  Curran  Club  armed  with  body  were  unanimous  in  wishing 
muskets  and  pikes.  Remembered  for  the  election  of  Mr.  O'Brien: 
a  meeting  at  D'Olier  Street  on  the  but  Mr.  Dillon  said  that  Mr. 
21st  of  July.  Mr.  O'Brien  was  O'Brien  would  be  more  useful  in 
not  there.  It  was  in  the  same  organizing  the  country  than  he 
room,  and  of  the  same  association,  could  be  in  the  council.  Witness 
Mr.  Dillon  was  in  the  chair.  The  wrote  on  a  piece  of  paper  the 
same  course  was  pursued  as  to  the  names  of  those  he  voted  for-  Tbi9 
admission  of  the  clubbists  as  on  and  other  similar  bits  of  papar 
'ormer  occasions.  were  placed  in  a  hat,  which  n* 


STATETRIALS.  403 

removed  hy  the  acrutjaeera  inU  obej  the  proclaoiBtion.     It  was.  in 

an  adjoining  room  and  eKamined.  fact,  to  defeat  the  ol^ect  of  the 

On  their  return  they  declared  the  proclamation.     He    had    not    aU 

result  of  their  acrutin;  to  be — that  tended  the  meeting  at  the  begin- 

Dillon,  Meagher,  O'Gorman,  and  ning. 

M'Ghie   were    elected,    and    that  Upon  jour  oath   was  not  the 

votes  were  divided  for  Devin  Beilly  meeting  (ailed  by  a  distinct  requi- 

and  Lslor.    A  new  election  took  aitiou? — I  don't  know;  a  person 

place,  when  the  former  was  sue-  told  me  it  was  going  on. 

cessful.    The  witness    was    here  Who  was  it? — I  will  not  tell 

handed  some  small  jfieces  of  paper,  70U. 

eome  of  which  he  identified  as  the  You  must. — I  will  not.  Do  you 
balloting  papers  used  on  the  above  think  I  will  give  up  a  man  to  be 
occasion,  and  as  having  been  writ-  assassinated  by  the  dubs  of  Dub- 
ten  by  himself.  3,  F.  Lalor,  U'Der>  Un  for  jour  pleasure?  I  will  not. 
mott,  and  O'Higgins.  Hal  pin,  the  T  insist  on  an  answer.— I  put 
secretary,  got  the  papers  after-  myself  under  the  protection  of  the 
wards,  and  be  (witness)  never  saw  Court  I  have  seen  consultations 
them  till  they  appeared  in  the  at  the  clubs  plotting  and  concoct 
hands  of  the  Crown  solicitor.  Mr.  ing  assassinations. 
O'Brien  was  engaged  in  the  regu-  You  are  not  going  to  escape  by 
lar  business  of  the  meeting.  that  flourish.     Who  sent  you?    I 

Mr.  Whiteside :  Have  you  ever,  insist  on  an  answer, 

on    your   oath,    spoken    to    Mr.  The  Atlomey-Oeneral  appealed 

O'Brien,  or  has  he  ever  spoken  to  to  the  Court,  and,  after  some  argn- 

you?    Look  at  him. — The  witness  ment, 

did  so  accordingly,  and  then  said  The  Lord  Chief  Justice,  after 

that  he  bad  never  spoken  to.  nor  consulting  with  his  learned  bro- 

had  been  addressed  by,  Mr.  O'BrieD  there,   said,    "We   feel  ourselves 

in  his  life.    Troughtou  did  not  say  called  upon  to  extend  our  protec- 

where  in  England  the  swivels  were  tion  to  the  witness.  Wehavetaken 

kept.    Mr.  O'Brien  advised  each  a  note  of  it." 

of  the  clubs  to  get  a  pleasure  boat  Did  Mr.  O'Brien  vote  at  that 

for  such  puntoses  as  to  land  swi-  meeting  ? — I  believe  not. 

vels.      He  also  said  that  the  orgs-  At  the  meeting  of  the  representa- 

nization  of  the  clubs  was  not  per-  tives  of  the  clut«  did  Mr.  Meagher 

feet.     Could  not  say  if  the  obeerv-  or  Mr.  Dillon  object  to  it?— The 

Btion  of  Mr.  O'Brien,   that  "be  members  present  were  disposed  to 

would  sooner  lose  his  own  life  on  elect  Mr.  O'Brien,  but  Mr.  Dillon 

the  scaffold  than  that  any  man  said  Mr.  O'Brien  wished  not  to  be 

should  lose  his  life  on  hw  (Mr.  elected,  but  to  have  the  privilege 

O'Brien's)  account  by  any  prema-  of  going  through  the  country  to 

ture  attempt,"  was  applied  to  an  organize  the  people, 

attempt  to  rescue  Mr.  Duffy.     Be-  Constable  Thomas  Griffin,  ei- 

tween   the  meetings  of  the  I&th  aminedbyMr.  Scott — KnewJames 

and   19th    the    Lord  Lieul«nant  Lalor;  arrested  him  on  the  !i8th 

issued  a  proclamation  against  carry,  of  July  Isst,  at  Ballyhane,  in  tbia 

ing  arms  in  Dublin.    The  meeting  county.     He  was  in  bed.    A  black 

of  the  Idtb  was  to  consider  whe-  bog  was  on  the  table  in  the  room, 

ther  the  clubs  should  or  should  not  Opened  the  hag,  and  found  in  it  a 
9  D  2 


404        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

roll  of  papers.    (The  pftpere  were  eently  adtlreseed  50.000  Tifpentj 

produced )  men,  nho  swore   the;  were  pre- 

Mr.   Fitzgetsld. — How  do  jovl  pared  te  da  their  duty,  and  otber 

know  the  papers  produced  are  the  matters   of   a    similar  chancier, 

same  ? — 1  marked  them,  Mr.  Dillon  was  introduced  to  the 

Mark   Finder,   one  of  the   de-  meeting    subsequenll;.     Tlie  car 

tective  police,  was  examined  by  left  immediateljr  afterwards  with 

Mr.  SauBse. — Waa  a  Dublin  cou-  the  three  gentlemen,  at  one  o'clodi, 

stable.      Remembered    Jul?    32.  and  went  towards  EilkeDny. 

Was  on  duty  in  plain  clothes  at  Other    witnesses   were    called, 

the  FeUm  office.     (Identified  Mr.  nho  traced  the  prisoner  to   Kil- 

O'Brien.)    Saw  him  between  Beven  kennj,  Oraigue,  and  Gallan,  and 

and  eight  o'clock  in  a  car  in  Dame  deposed    to    seditious    banmguee 

Street,  with  a  travelliug  bag  and  a  made  hj  prisoner  and  his  compa- 

blue  cloak  on  his  ann,  going  in  nions. 

the  direction  of  St.  Andrew  StreeL  Patrick  Coghlon,  constable,  de- 

The  name  of  the  carman  was  Pa-  posed   that  he  was   stationed  at 

trick  Neale.  Carrick  on  July  the  35tb,  vfaers 

Patrick  M'Eenna,  examined  by  he  saw  a  meeting  in  the  street. 

Mr.  Ljnch. — Was  a  mail  guard  on  which  was  addrewed  by  Messrs. 

the  Wexford  night  mail.    On  July  O'Brien  and  Meagher.     The  peo- 

t)2nd  took  up  two  gentlemen  at  pie  were  called  on  to  say  if  they 

Leighlinstown,    one    of  whom  be  would  nee   tbeir  strong   arms    to 

thought  was  Mr.  Meagher.     They  rescue  him,  and  replied,  Uiat  they 

got  down  at  Enniscorthy.    Arrived  would.    Mr.  O'Brien  said  he  knew 

there  at  twenty-five  minutes  past  that  they  had   stout  nerves  and 

fire  in  the  morning.  strong  arms — he  wanted    neither 

Cross-examined. — Theywerenot  place  nor  emolument     He    had 

disguised.  sacrificed  near  and  dear  family  ties. 

Francis  Duulevie,  examined  by  and  that  he  was  determined  now 
the  Attorney- General. — Was  sta-  to  sacrifice  life ;  but  that  waa  not 
tioned  as  constable  in  Enniscorthy  the  time  for  words.  Mr.  Meagher 
last  July.  (Identified  Mr.  O'Brien.)  in  hie  address  said  he  would  ad- 
Saw  him  arrive  about  five  o'clock  ranee  a  step  for  every  step  taken 
or  Saturday  evening,  the  aSnd.  by  by  the  Goverament.  He  could 
the  day  coach.  Saw  Mr.  Meagher  only  be  punished  with  death,  and 
on  Sunday  following.  Heard  Mr.  he  was  ready  to  meet  it  in  defence 
O'Brien  address  people  to  the  ex-  of  his  unhappy  country.  The  time 
t«nt  of  about  500 ;  he  stood  on  a  was  come  when  they  must  strike 
car.  Mr.  O'Brien  then  alluded  to  the  blow.  He  spoke  of  French 
the  suspension  of  the  Habeas  Cor-  ships  and  an  Irish  Republic,  and 
pus  Act.  and  said  he  did  not  know  said  at  the  end,  "  Hurrah  for  a  Re- 
but at  that  time  the  police  had  a  public." 

warrant  for  his  arrest;  he  called  John  Hanrahan,  constable,  ex- 

on  the  people  to  be  prepared  for  amined. — SawMr.O'Brieoin  Car- 

eny    emergency.      Mr.    Meagher  rick-on-Snir  on  the  26th  of  July, 

spoke  afterwards ;  he  said  he  al-  Took  notes  of  the  speech  made  by 

ways  had  been  and  ever  would  be  him  immediately  afterwards.  (Wit- 

the  unrelenting  enemy  of  the  Bri-  ness  repeated  extracts  from  the  al- 

tish  Government,  that  he  had  re-  leged  speech,  which  waa  violently 


STATE    TRIALS. 


406 


inflfunmatoiy  in  Bentlmenta  and 
very  high-flonn  in  ita  rhetoric. 
Witness  repeated  Mr.  Met^her's 
alleged  epeecb  also,  but  did  not 
eeem  to  nave  taken  it  down  so 
fuUy.) 

October  2nd. 

Mr.  0.  Vernon,  registrar  of  nowa- 
paperB  at  the  StampOffice. — Knew 
Mr.  C.  G.  Duff;,  and  proved  that 
the  letter  from  him  to  Mr.  O'Brien, 
and  which  was  found  in  Mr. 
O'Brien's  portmanteau,  was  in  Mr. 
Duffy's  handwriting. 

Timothy  Sullivan,  examined  by 
the  Attorney -Oen end. — In  July 
last  he  lived  at  Mullinahone.  San 
Mr.  O'Brien  at  that  place  on  Tues- 
day, the  abth,  between  twelve  and 
one  o'clock.  Another  gentleman, 
whose  name  he  believed  was  Dil- 
lon, was  with  Mr.  O'Brien.  Saw 
him  speaking  to  a  number  of  per- 
sons, about  150,  in  the  street.  He 
remained  in  the  street,  moving 
along,  for  about  two  hours.  The 
number  of  persons  increased. 
Saw  him  go  from  one  street  to 
another.  Mr.  O'Brien  then  went 
to  Mr.  Wright's,  and  remained 
there  about  an  hour  and  a  half. 
Saw  him  come  out;  there  were 
then  about  250  people  about  the 
house.  It  was  about  two  o'clock. 
When  h^  came  out  he  addressed  a 
number  of  persons  from  a  wall, 
and  he  said,  "  Now  was  the  time 
for  them  to  seek  for  their  rights. 
Government  was  veiy  near  a 
change.  There  was  a  warrant 
against  hiro,  but  be  hoped  the 
people  would  not  let  him  be  ar- 
rested," the  people  said  they  would 
not.  He  said  also,  "  that  Irish- 
men could  bold  their  own  places 
in  the  Government  inutead  of  Eng- 
lishmen." Could  not  recollect  bis 
aaying  anything  else.  Mr.  Dillon. 
in  Mr.  O'Brien's  presence,  after- 


wards addressed  the  people,  hut 
be  could  not  truly  remember  what 
he  said — it  was  something  to  the 
same  subject.  Mr.  O'Brien  told 
them  to  get  their  arms  that  be 
might  see  the  strength  of  them. 
Mr.  O'Brien  at  that  time  had  a  large 
pistol  on  his  left  side  in  his  breast 
pocket.  About  31)0  or  SOO  of  the 
people  had  all  sorts  of  weapons — 
guns,  pikes,  old  swords,  pitchforks, 
and  BO  on.  Many  were  unarmed. 
They  were  marched  through  the 
town  and  back,  and  met  the  main 
body  at  Wright's'  and  halted.  It 
was  about  300  or  400  who  marched 
in  that  way,  and  the  main  lx>dy 
was  about  5000  or  6000.  That 
was  on  the  night  of  the  S&th. 
The  armed  party  continued  in  the 
streets  the  greater  part  of  the 
night.  Saw  them  himself  going 
up  and  down  the  street  during  the 
night  There  were  armed  people 
about  Mr.  Wright's  house  that 
night,  guarding  the  place.  He 
heard  Mr.  O'Brien  giving  direc- 
tions to  guard  himself;  he  said, 
"  They  must  remain  the  night  to 
guard  me."  Mr.  O'Brien  stayed 
that  night  at  Mr.  Wright's. 

A  Juiyman. — Did  Mr.  O'Brien 
say  for  what  purpose  he  vrished  to 
be  guarded? 

Witness.  —  Yes,  sir  ;  lest  he 
should  be  arrested. 

Mr.  Whiteside.— That  is  vety 
important. 

Esaminaldon  resumed.  —  Mr. 
O'Brien  left  Mullinahone  that  day 
(WednesdayKabout  eleven  or  twelve 
o'clock.  Witness  did  not  see  him 
leave,  but  saw  the  people  leaving — 
they  went  towards  Ballingany, 
marching  with  pikes.  Ballingarry 
is  distant  from  Mullinahone  about 
five  or  six  miles.  The  next  time 
he  saw  Mr.  O'Brien  was  the  fol- 
io wingday  (^Thursday),  abouttwelve 
or  one  o'clock,  in   Mullinahone, 


406        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

coming  from  BaUingarry,  leading  people.     Hr.  O'Brieo  did  notfora 

B  body  of  anned  men.  with  a  pike  hia  way  into  Mr.  Wright's  hoose, 

on   his  shoulder,  and  wearing  a  nor  was  he  quartered  there  by 

cap.    He  was  walking.    The  main  riolence.    He  was  inyited  willingly 

bcMly  was  about  S50.     He  was  at  by  Wright's  son,  and  entertained 

the  head  of  an  advanced  guard  of  there.     Had  never   been  ia  tbe 

about  twenty  or  thirty  men.    They  army.     Had  been    in    the  police, 

were  also  armed.    A  man  on  horse-  Had  left  the  force.     Had  not  been 

back   was    leading  the  advanced  dismissed  by  the  inspector.     Esd 

guard — he  had  a  pistol  in  one  of  left    them  voluntarily.     Had  not 

his  bands,  and  a  belt  round  bis  been  dismissed  for  putting  any  doco- 

wust  with  a  short  sword  or  dagger  ment  into  the  police  despatch-boi: 

in  it.     He  had  the  appearance  of  nor  for  ti^ng  any  document  out  of 

a  gentleman,  bxff:  witness  did  not  it.     Swore  positively  that  he  left 

ascertain  his  name.   The  advanced  the  police  force  of  his  own  accord, 

guard  was  about  twenty  yards  be-  nithout  being  guilty  of  any  impn- 

fore  the  midn  body.    O'Donoghne  priety  which  would   have  caused 

and    Stephens    were     both    with  his  dismissal  if  he    had   not  le- 

O'Brien.     They  were  armed  in  the  signed. 

same  way  as  before.  The  main  Head-constable  Williams,  ex- 
body  marched  four  deep.  When  aminedby  theSoIioitor-General.— 
they  got  into  Mullinahone.  the  Was  stationed  at  Mullinahone  io 
man  that  led  the  advanced  guard  July  laaL  His  party  waa  six  and 
halted  them  in  Carrick  Street,  op-  himself.  Knows  Mr.  O'Brien; 
posite  a  baker's,  and  ordered  sorae  first  saw  him  an  Tuesday  evening, 
bread  for  them.  Some  remained  the  SOth  of  July,  at  about  fin 
long  in  the  town  that  day,  but  Mr  o'clock,  at  Mullinahone.  Saw  Mr. 
O'Brien  left,  in  between  half  an  O'Brien,  the  eome  evening,  stand- 
hour  and  an  hour's  time.  When  ingona  wallopposite  Mr.  Wrigbti 
Mr.  O'Brien  left  be  went  in  tbe  house,  addressing  the  people, 
direction  of  Carrick-on-Suir,  and  About  900  were  within  his  hearing- 
about  twenty  or  thirty  persons  with  He  heard  Mr.  O'Brien  say  thati 
him.  They  were  armed.  They  warrant  was  issued  for  his  arrest ; 
went  in  the  direction  of  Cappoyne.  and,  if  taken,  he  thought  he  ahotUd 
Mr,  O'Brien  waa  armed.  When  be  hanged  ;  and  he  was  anxious  to 
Mr.  O'Brien  left  the  town,  Dillon,  ascertain  whether  it  was  their  wiab 
and  Doooghue,  and  Stephens  were  he  should  surrender  himself.  If 
with  him.  Did  not  see  Mr.  not,  that  he  was  prepared  to  resist 
O'Brien  after  that  Thursday.  On  any  attempt  that  waa  made  to 
the  first  evening  there  were  fires  arrest  him.  He  said  something 
in  the  streets,  and  also  in  Slieve-  about  there  being  another  form  of 
namon  and  tbe  hills  about  I  government  in  less  than  six  weeks, 
saw  about  ten  or  twelve  fires  in  the  and  followed  up  that  expression  by 
country.  eaying  that  all  vacancies  should  be 
Oruss-examined  by  Mr.  White-  filled  up  by  Irishmen.  A  gentls- 
side. — Could  not  say  whether  the  man,  whose  name  I  heard  •■* 
fires  numbered  ten  or  twenty.  Dillon,  was  with  him.  The  nam- 
The  bread  he  apoke  of  had  been  bers  increased  that  night.  Sav 
regularly  bought  at  Conway,  the  pikes  and  pitchforks  in  the  bands 
baker's.      It    was    eaten    by   the  of    aome;    others    had    fireanW' 


STATE    TRIALS. 


407 


others  sticks.  There  were  ftbout 
!iOOO  personfi.  Witness  was  then 
in  the  horTack,  and  remained  up 
all  night  with  hie  party.  Remem- 
bered the  morotng  of  the  26th. 
Saw  Mr.  O'Brien  that  mominff 
about  eight  o'clock.  Witness  and 
his  party  were  then  in  their  bar- 
rack. Mr.  O'Brien  went  to  the 
barrsck;  the  door  was  open  ;  their 
arms  were  upstairs.  Mr.  O'Brien 
was  dressed  in  a  dark  body  coat. 
and  with  a  cap  like  a  military 
officer's  cap.  with  a  gold  band  on 
it.  He  had  s  stick  with  a  spear 
on  it  in  his  left  hand,  and  in  the 
other  band  he  had  a  pistol:  he  had 
also  three  pistols  in  the  breast  of 
his  coat  Witness  obserred  them 
in  speaking  to  him.  He  was  ac- 
companied hy  two  persons;  one 
was  a  joang  nun.  about  23  years 
of  age,  and  he  had  a  double-bar- 
relled gun  and  a  dirk.  The  other 
was  older,  and  had  a  gun ;  his 
name  was  O'Donogbue.  When 
Mr.  O'Brien  came  into  the  barrack 
he  said  he  wanted  their  arms. 
Witness  said  be  could  not  comply 
with  his  request,  that  he  could 
only  part  with  their  arms  with 
their  lives.  He  asked  witness  if 
he  did  not  see  the  display  on  the 
last  night.  Witness  said  be  did. 
Mr.. O'Brien  said  that  a  barrack, 
where  there  were  600  men,  was  to 
be  attacked  that  day ;  and  said  it 
was  better  for  witness  and  bis 
party  to  give  up  their  arms  and  go 
to  Callan.  and  he  would  place  them 
in  the  pay.  Could  not  say  whether 
he  spoke  in  the  singular  or  plural 
numMr.  After  that  expression  he 
asked  what  witness  intended  to 
do,  and  witness  said  he  should  he 
unworthy  of  the  name  of  an  Irish- 
man if  he  gave  him  the  arms.  Mr. 
O'Brien  said  he  would  give  them 
an  hour  to  consider,  and  in  that 
time  he  would  have  500  men.  and 


that  reeiatance  would  be  useless. 
Mr.  O'Brien  and  the  other  two  then 
left  the  barrack.  About  five  or 
six  minutes  after  that,  witness  and 
his  party  marched  out  of  their 
barracks  with  their  arms,  and  went 
to  Csshel,  pursuant  to  orders. 

Cross-examined  by  Mr.  Fitz- 
gerald. —  The  police- barrack  at 
Mullinahone  consisted  of  one  stoiy. 
Their  arms  were  in  the  room  above. 
The  party  of  police  consisted  of 
six,  who  were  all  Uiere  at  the  time. 
It  was  about  eight  o'clock  in  the 
morning  when  Mr.  O'Brien  came. 
Knew  ^e  police-station  at  Gollan. 
Did  not  kjiow  bow  many  men  it 
contained.  Certainly  not  &D0. 
The  greatest  number  of  police  at 
any  one  station  would  be  ^)Out 
thirty.  Neither  of  the  two  gentle- 
men with  Mr.  O'Brien  used  threat- 
ening language  to  the  police.  There 
were  no  armed  men  outside  the 
barrack  at  the  time.  There  were 
hut  few  people  in  the  streets.  The 
two  with  him  hod  no  pikes.  Mr. 
O'Brien  leant  on  the  shaft  of  the 
spear,  the  spike  being  down  on  th« 
ground.  Had  not  seen  him  or 
his  companions  afurwards  in  the 

Constable  Francis  Wiggins  made 
the  same  statement. 

A  number  of  witnesses  were 
then  called,  who  traced  with  great 
minutenesB  the  journey ings  of  Mr. 
O'Brien  and  bis  companions  to  and 
from  BsJlinsarry.  'The  witnesses, 
who  were  chiefly  peasants,  showed 
great  reluctance  in  identifying  the 
prisoner.  The  partiee  in  v^iose 
house  at  Ballingarry  the  prisoner 
and  his  friends  had  taken  up  their 
abode  on  the  Aftth  and  37th  of 
July,  deposed  to  thoee  circum- 
stances, but  positively  refused  to 
identifr  the  prisoner. 

George  Sparrow,  a  youth  about 
seventoen,  examined  by  Mr.  Scott. 


408 


ANNUAL    REGISTER.   1848. 


— LiveB  at  Lisnaroch,  near  Ballio- 
(01117.  ^"^  io  Ballingany  od 
Thursday,  the  aTtli  of  Julj  last. 
Knew  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  eaw  him 
in  Baltingarrj  on  the  27th,  be- 
tween eleven  and  twelve  o'clock. 
There  were  about  400  or  600  in 
the  Btreete  with  him.  Saw  some 
other  gentlemen  besides  Mr. 
O'Brien  in  the  streets  at  the  lime. 
Some  of  the  people — about  thirty 
—were  armed  with  guna  and  pistols 
and  blunderbusaes ;  the  others  had 
pikes  end  pitchforks.  Mr.  O'Brien 
was  drilling  them.  They  were  in 
three  parts.  A  man  they  called 
Mr.  Dillon,  and  another,  Mr. 
Meagher,  were  with  Mr.  O'Brien. 
Thej  marched  down  the  streets, 
and  Mr.  O'Brien  gave  them  the 
word  of  command  to  divide,  one 
party  on  one  side  of  the  street,  and 
the  other  on  the  other  side  with 
their  arms,  which  they  presented. 
Those  who  had  not  arms  were 
across  the  street.  That  exercise 
went  on  for  about  a  couple  of  hours. 
Mr.  Dillon  hod  s  belt  with  pistols. 
Mr.  O'Brien  also  had  a  belt  and 
pistols ;  he  had  a  double-barrelled 

Eistol  in  his  hand  and  another  in 
is  belt.  Saw  nothing  in  Mr. 
Meagher's  hand.  Mr.  O'Brien 
had  on  a  cap  with  a  gold  band. 
After  the  exercise,  heard  Mr. 
O'Brien  appoint  John  Cormack 
one  of  the  commanders  at  Ballin- 
garry,  and  told  him  to  have  the 
men  ready  whenever  he  called 
upon  them. 

To  the  Lord  Chief  Justice. — He 
called  Cormack  lieutenant-colonel 
— Lieutenant  Colonel  Cormack. 

Ezamiaation  coatinued.— I  saw 
a  man  named  David  Cunningham 
there.  He  was  another  of  the 
commanders.  Heard  Mr.  O'Brien 
say  so. 

John  O'Donnell,  a  respectable- 
looking  farmer,  was   then  called 


on  the  table.  When  the  b 
tendered  to  him  he  exclaimed  with 
energy,  "  No,  I  won't  be  sworn ;  if 
1  were  placed  before  a  rank  erf 
soldiers  not  one  word  would  I 
speak,  though  30  bayonets  were  to 
be  driven  into  my  heart.  My  bro- 
ther is  one  of  the  prisoners,  mj 
lords,  and  I  could  never  go  back 
to  my  own  house  again  with  tbe 
badge    of    an    informer   on    my 

The  Attomey-General.  -~  Too 
will  not  be  asked  to  give  evidence 
against  your  brother. 

O'Donnell. — I  don't  care,  rar; 
directly  or  indirectly  I  will  give 
no  evidence. 

The  Court  ordered  his  committal 
to  prison. 

Thomas  Bnriie,  examined  by  Ur. 
Sausse. — Lived  at  Ballingairy  in 
July  last.  Remembered  the  last 
Wednesday  in  July.  Was  at  Bal- 
lingarry  on  that  day,  but  left  and 
went  towards  Mullinahone-  The 
witness  identified  Mr.  03rieo, 
and  deposed  to  his  drilling  and 
exercising  bodies  of  armed  men. 
Saw  Mr.  O'Brien  on  Saturday, 
after  one  o'clock,  at  FarrinrDrf. 
Went  to  the  Widow  M-Cormack's 
house.  It  was  more  than  two 
miles  and  a  half — barely  three 
miles — from  Ballingany.  When 
he  reached  the  house  the  police 
were  there,  inside  the  house.  The 
people  were  around  it.  Some  of 
the  people  had  anns;  more  hod  not. 
The  arms  were  guna,  pikee,  aad 
pitchforks.  As  far  as  he  oonld 
safely  say,  there  vere  about  60  or 
TO  armed  men,  and  about  300  or 
400  in  the  crowd  around  the 
house.  There  were  four  or  five 
gentlemen  among  them.  Thej 
were  all  armed  with  guns  and 
pistols.  Becogniaed  among  them 
O'Brien,  M'ManuB,  and  a  small 


STATETRIALS.  409 

man,  whom  he  had  seen  drUling  Thej  bronght  emptf  carta  and  can 

the  people  in  BalliDgarry.    The  fall  of  turf  with  tbem  and  erected 

gentlemen,  as  &t  as  be  could  as-  them  into  barricades ;   they  also 

certain,  were  trying  to  lake  the  nsed  some  large  pieces  of  timber 

arms  from  the  police.     Saw  a  man  for  the  same  purpose.    Before  the 

named    Cormack    at    Farrinrory.  erectionofthehamcade.twoofficera 

He  was  not  armed.    Witness  waa  had  passed  through  the  town  in  a 

onder  the  garden  wall  of  the  house  gig.    The  word  was  then  passed 

at  the  lime.     He  saw  the  people  that  the    military   were    coming, 

outside  in  the  act  of  firing  in,  and  The  military  came  up  soon,  and 

he  saw  a  man  "  knocked "  (which  he  could  state  nothing  more  than 

witncBB  explained  to  mean  killed)  that   the   barricade   was  reioored 

by  his  side,  from  the  police  inside,  almost  immediately  after. 

Saw  Smith  O'Brien  at  the  time.  William   Paraons,  a  private  of 

Could  not  understand  what  he  was  the  6th  Hussars,  examined  by  Mr. 

saying.     Saw  him  on  the  window  Scott — Was  matching  on  the  38th 

of  the  bouse  in  the  act  of  speaking  of  July,  with  a  troop  of  46  soldiers 

to  the  police  inside.     That  was  be-  under    Captain    Longmore.   from 

fore  the  firing  took  place.    At  the  Fethard  to  KillenauTe.    Was  in 

time  of  the  firing  heard  M'Uanua  advance  of  the  others.    Met  with 

say  to    the    people,   "  Burn    the  the  obstruction  of  a  barricade  on 

house."  entering  the  village  of  Killenaule. 

Witnesses  were  then  called  who  It  waa  formed  of  cars,  carts,  Jco. 

traced  prisoner's  course  from  Bal-  There  were  about  SOO  men  there, 

lingany  to  Killenaule,  and  to  lus  There  was  a  second  barricade  about 

leaving   that  place   in  haste,   on  20  yards  beyond  the  other.     On 

the    day    the    barricades     were  arriving  at  the  first  barricade  a 

thrown  up.  man   came  forward  with  a  rifle 

Thomas  Sullivan  deposed  that  and  told  him  to  halt,  if  he  did  not 
he  lived  at  Killananle,  and  had  he  would  blow  his  brains  out.  Be 
formerly  been  in  the  police,  but  halted  until  his  captain  came  ap. 
hod  left  it  on  account  of  ill  health.  Captain  Longmore,  of  the  8th 
Remembered  the  day  of  the  borH'  Hussars,  examined  by  Mr.  Lynch, 
cades.  Knew  Mr.  O'Brien.  [Iden-  — Proved  meeting  with  the  barn- 
tiGed  prisoner.]  Saw  him  there  cades.  He  rode  up  and  told  the 
on  that  day,  between  one  and  two  person  he  saw  that  unless  the  barn- 
o'clock.  There  were  four  gentle-  cadeswereimmediatelyremovedhe 
men  with  him.  Barricades  were  should  feel  it  his  duly  to  fire.  A 
erected  at  a  place  called  "the  man,  rather  tall  and  sallow,  respect- 
Pike."  Before  their  erection  had  ably  dressed,  but  without  arms, 
observed  the  gentlemen  in  oues-  came  forward  from  the  barricades, 
tion  leaving  Walshe's  hall  door,  and  sud  he  nnderstood  the  troop 
Had  observed  two  men,  one  armed  was  merely  passing  through  the 
with  a  gun,  the  other  with  a  pike,  town.buttbat  the  people  were  deter- 
standing  by  the  door  before  that,  mined  to  resist  the  arrest  of  Smith 
The  chapel  bells  were  rung  after  O'Brien,  who  was  then  in  the  town, 
that,  and  a  great  number  of  people  He  asked  witness  if  he  had  a  war- 
rushed  down  in  the  direction  of  rant  to  arrest  him?  To  which  wit- 
the  Pike.  They  had  eqythee  on  ness  replied,  "  No."  Nothii^  fur- 
polee,  guns,  pikes,  and  pitchforks,  ther  was  said,  and  the  harricadea 


410       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

were  ordered  to  be  removed — that  and  armed,  Ireland  would  be  in» 

was  by   that    person's    direction,  in  a  fortaigfat.     Mr.  Meagher  mi 

Thej  were  removed,  and  the  troops  Mr.  Dillon  addressed  the  people. 

glassed  through.  Mr.  Meagher  told  the  people  to 

CroaB-eiamined  by  Mr.  While-  protect  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  he  ilto 

side. — It  was  not  Mr.  O'Brien  who  said  that,  if  they  did,  Ireland  wooU 

addressed  nitneaa.  be  free  in  a  fortnight.     He  also 

The  witness  wished  to  mention  told  them  to  drive  the  Saion  from 

that  that  was  previous  to  the  pn>-  the  soil.      Mr.   Dillon  addressed 

damatioD  for  the   troops  to  act  the  people  and  said,  if  they  would 

alone  against  armed   parties  and  arm    and    protect    Mr.    Ofirin, 

for  the  arrest  of  certain  persons.  they  would  have  Ireland  freeiosi 

A  man  named  Casbel,  and  Helen  months.    About  twelve  o'clock  •» 

Glacken  traced  the  prisoner  to  Bal-  Satnrdav,  Mr  O'Brien  walked  iota 

lingarry.  the  yard  at  the  mining  conc^nai 

William  Penlock  and  J.  Pern-  he  asked  who  was  in  charge  of  Om 

berton,  employed  at  the  collieries  concerns.    Witneaa  said  that  be 

at    Ballingarry,    deposed    to    the  was ;  and  Mr.  O'Brien  said  thai  be 

prisoner's  presence  there  with  an  came  for  some  carts  and  hones 

armed  force,  and  to  his  seditious  that  were   in   a   yard.      A  small 

speeches  and  acts,     Mr.  O'Brien  boy  was  walking  behind  him.    He 

said  to  the  latter  that  if  the  col-  sud  be  wanted  the  carts  and  bojes 

liery  company  stood  neutral    he  to  throw  up  barricades  across  the 

would  support  them,  but  that  if  road.     Witness  said  ho  could  pol 

they   attempted  to  suspend    the  givethemup.onwhichMr.O'BrieB 

works  in  consequence  of  the  men  said  be  would  take  them  byii"% 

following  him,  he  would  take  pos-  and  ordered  a  man  named  Tobin, 

session  of  the  collieries.     He  said  who   was   standing    by,    to  wbeel 

he  would   have   Ireland    rescued  away  the  carts,   but    he   lefiised- 

from  the  British  Government  in  Mr.  O'Brien  himself  then  coo- 

less  than  a  week.  menced  wheeling  the  cart,  but  be 
moved  it  only  a  few  yards.    No 

October  3rd.  ^t^ers  came  into  the  concerns,  bnt 

John  Lamphier. — I  vras  at  the  about  500  persons  were  within  90 

Commons  Colliery  at  Ballingarry  yards  of  it.     Mr.  O'Brien  and  the 

as    a    pay-clerk    of    the    Mining  people  commenced  and  cotnple'*' 

Company    of    Ireland.      Remem-  the  erection  of  a  barricade  on  ib« 

bered    Friday  evening,   the  38th  road  to  Ballingarry.     It  consisted 

of   July.     Was    at    tiie    colliery,  ofladders, boxes,  atickB.andstoiiee, 

Saw  three  jaunting  cars  pass  by.  and  was  about  four  feet  high.  The 

From  eight  to  ten  persons  were  people,  when  they  had  finished  it. 

on  the  cars.    (The  witness  identi-  walked  up   and  down  the  road, 

fied  Mr,  O'Brien  as  one  of  the  They  were  armed  with  pikes  and 

persons  on  the  oars.)  Mr.  O'Brien  guns.     Mr.  O'Brien  had  a  pistol 

went  out  in  the  road  and  addressed  in    his    hand.      They  oontinaed 

the  people ;  there  were  200  or  800  walking  about  for  an  hour.    Thej 

people  ^mut  the  house.     He  told  went  in  the  direction  of  the  wido' 

them  there  was  a  warrant  against  M'Cormack's  house.     Before  ihst, 

-him.  and  a  reward  of  600/.  for  his  witness  saw  a  body  of  police  on  die 

-arrest,  but,  if  they  protected  him  Ballingarry  road.    When  the  po* 


STATE    TRIALS. 


411 


lice  got  to  Scott's  Groea  tbey 
tnrned  to  the  right  towards  Mrs. 
M'Cormack'8.  Saw  Mr.  O'Brien 
going  throngh  the  fields  with  the 
people.  As  well  as  witness  could 
see,  the  police  got  to  the  house 
firat.  The  people  with  Mr.  O'Brien 
shouted.  Immediatolj  aftor  the 
party  got  to  M'Cormack's,  wit- 
ness heard  firing.  Saw  aboat  500 
people  crossing  the  field  to  the 
widow  M'Cormack's.  There  were 
also  B.  great  many  people  in  the 
fields  around,  bat  he  could  not  see 
whether  they  were  armed  or  not. 
X>ater  in  the  day,  about  an  hour 
and  a  half  after  tho  firing,  he  saw 
another  party  of  police,  coming 
from  the  direction  of  Killenaule. 

Cross-examined  by  Mr.  White- 
side.— The  men  under  witness's 
charge  were  anxious  to  protect 
Mr.  O'Brien  from  arrest.  The 
mining  property  was  not  injured. 
There  was  about  60  lbs.  of  powder 
at  the  concerns  that  day.  but  no  at- 
tempt was  made  to  take  it  It  was 
left  untouched. 

Owen  Cullen,  examined  by  the 
Sol  ici  tor-G  eneral . — Was  connecUd 
with  the  collieries  at  Bonlagh,  and 
lived  at  the  Common,  which  was  a 
small  Tillage  near  the  works.  Re- 
membered the  morning  of  the 
29th.  Saw  the  prisoner  in  the 
house  of  the  widow  Olacken  on 
the  Common.  Went  there  in  con- 
sequence of  a  message  delivered 
to  him  from  the  prisoner  by  a 
man  named  Homigao.  Prisoner 
invitod  him  to  sit  down  in  an 
inner  room,  in  which  were  two 
other  persons,  strangers  to  him. 
Prisoner  then  read  a  letter  to 
witness,  which  he  wished  him  to 
forward  to  the  directors  of  the 
company.  (Witness  here  identified 
a  letter  handed  to  him  as  being 
the  same  which  was  delivered  to 
him  by  Mr.  O'Brien,  marked  by 


him,  and  forwarded  to  the  com- 
pany through  their  secretary,  Mr. 
Furdy.)  Did  not  know  the  names 
of  the  strangers  with  Mr. 
O'Brien. 

Witness  cross-examined. — Had 
not  marked  the  original  letter 
before  he  forwarded  it.  Received 
it  from  Dublin,  about  six  or  seven 
days  aftorwards,  with  a  request 
that  he  would  make  a  memo- 
randum of  the  receipt  upon  it. 

James  Purdy,  examiiied  by  Mr. 
Scott— Was  Secretary  to  the 
Mining  Company  of  Ireland. 
Remembered  having  received  a 
letter  from  their  agont  at  the 
Ballingarry  Mines,  on  the  80th  of 
July,  Sunday  morning,  which  was 
brought  him  by  the  company's 
messenger.  Identified  the  lettor 
produced  08  being  the  same. 

Thomas  Trant  was  then  called, 
and  he  made  his  appearaace  on 
the  table  in  his  uniform.  He  was 
a  grey-haired  elderly  man,  with  a 
bold,  determined  bearing,  and  his 
evidence,  which  was  given  vrith 
rapidity  and  clearness,  was  listened 
to  with  the  moat  marked  attention 
by  the  bar  and  audience.  He  said : 
— I  am  sub-inspector  of  police  for 
the  county  Kilkenny.  Last  July 
I  was  stationed  at  the  town  of 
Callan.  I  remember  proceeding 
on  the  39th  of  that  month  to 
Balliogany.  I  left  Callan  on 
Saturday,  July  2ft,between  nine  and 
ten  o'clock,  and  arrived  near  to 
Ballingarry  some  time  close  to  one 
o'clock,  l^e  party  under  my  com- 
mand consistod  of  forty-six  men. 
Aftor  I  had  passed  through  the 
village  of  Ballingarry,  I  observed 
great  crowds  of  people  following 
me  along  the  road,  and  going  along 
the'fields  on  the  left  of  my  party. 
When  I  had  advanced  about  two 
miles  beyond  Ballingarry,  towards 
the  Commons,  I   observed   great 


412       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

crovds  in  my  front  coming  dona  to  make  peac«."  I  replied,  "If 
from  al]  the  hills,  ami  heara  shrill  the  people  do  not  fire,  ve  sh^  not 
whistling  among  them.  \^'heD  I  fire;  hat  if  a  shot  is  fired  from  tb» 
saw  the  crowds,  I  immediately  outside,  we  shall  fire  as  long  u  i 
wheeled  my  party  m  a  road  to-  cartridge  or  a  man  remuns."  No- 
wards  my  light.  We  ascended  thing  further  was  said  b^  the  mu 
the  hill  nearly  a  mile.  The  outside.  The  voice  to  which  I 
people  behind  us,  from  Baltin-  allude  »ud,  "  Tell  Mr.  Trani,  Ur. 
garry,  took  the  country  on  the  O'Brien  is  here!"  It  was  aJled 
right;  those  who  had  been  going  to  me  by  one  of  my  own  party.  I 
in  the  fields  parallel  to  us  took  to  came  down  and  went  to  Uu 
our  rear;  and  those  on  the  Com-  window,  when  I  was  informed  Ur. 
mans  closed  in  on  our  left,  so  that  O'Brien  had  been,  but  he  bad  die- 
we  were  almost  surrounded.  I  appeared.  I  went  back  npstsira 
perceived  that  severaJ  of  the  arain,  and  was  again  called  to,  thit 
people  had  pikes  and  guns.  It  Mr.  O'Brien  was  there  and  wished 
would  be  impossible  to  count  those  to  see  me;  I  replied,  "If  so,  let  bin 
who  had  guns  and  pikes  on  the  come  round  to  the  window: "  he 
trail ;  but,  wherever  my  eye  would  not  do  so.  Imcoediiielj 
rested,  I  perceived  people  with  after  that  I  heard  a  crash  of  slones 
them.  About  this  time  I  observed  and  shots  from  without ;  the  wiii- 
a  slated  house  in  advance,  and  on  dow  was  smashed.  I  tostanllf 
seeing  it,  I  ordered  my  men,  who  gave  the  order  to  fire,  and  lit 
bad  been  marching  in  columns  of  firing  commenced.  It  contiaoeJ 
four,  to  break  and  take  possession  about  an  hour  from  the  time  iIm 
of  it,  and  if  refused  admission  to  first  shot  was  fir«d.  The  firiog 
march  into  it.  My  men  ran  for  was  goii^  on  for  a  oonsidenble 
the  house,  and  I  followed  them.  time. 

The  crowd  were  then  behind,  at        Lord   Chief  Justice   Dohertj: 

each  side  of  us,  and  following  in  Were  there  many  persons  abw' 

our  rear.      Most  of    them   were  the    house? — I    should   saj  lb*l 

running  as  my  men  advanced,  and  upon  coming  up  to  the  bouse  tbej 

in  two  or  three  minutes  more  they  were  about  85  to   1 ;    or  abwt 

would  have  cut  us  off  from  the  3000. 

house.      I    directed   the    men    to         Mr.  M.  Moore :  Were  yoa  s\^ 

turn  a]l  the  things  they  could  get  to  form   any  opinion  as  to  tbe 

against  the  windows,  and  to  secure  quantity  of  arms? — Wherever  nj 

the  doors.     While  in  the  act  of  eye  rested  I  saw  armed  men  W- 

Becurino  the  bouse,    it  was   sur-  preaching  the  house,  hut  I  conM 

lonnded   by  the   people.     I  was  not  form  any  opinion  as  to  Ibe 

proceeding  up-stoirs,   in  order  to  quantity, 
see  what  arrangement  they  were        Lord  Chief  Justice   Doherty: 

making  to  strengthen  the  upper  Can  you  form  any  estimate  of  the 

rooms,  when  I  heard  a  voice  from  number  of  shots  fired  outside?—! 

the  rear  call  for  the  officer.     I  could  noL     I  heard  shots  oulsi^ 

went  to  the  lobby  vrindow  to  the  all    through,    as   well    as   f""" 

man   who  wanted   me.      He  was  within. 

unarmed.     He  put  up  his  hands        Lord  Chief  Justice  BIscfcbon>B- 

and  said  to  me,  "  For  Ood's  sake.  Was   the   firing  continuous  «» 

let  there  be  no  firing!    We  want  uninterrupted? — ItwascootiniiixiB 


n 


STATETRIALS.  413 

far  about  a  quarter  of  an  boor,  inquire  after  tbem.    Thej  were  in 

For  a  third  of   the  time  it  was  a  room  up-Btairs,  iu  the  comer  of 

Ycrj  brisk.  a  bod. 

Lord   Chief  Justice   Doberty :  Constable    Cornelius    Mahony, 

Do  yon  say  there  were  five  show  examined    by   Mr.    Lynch. — Was 

or  fiO  outside? — I    should    sup-  one  of  Inspector  Trent's  party  at 

)se  more  than  900  from  without.  Ballingarry.    He  was  at  the  widow 

should  suppose  bo,  but  I  cannot  M'CormacB's  house,  in  the  parlour 

speak  with  any  certainty.  on  the  ground  floor.     The  people 

Mr.  Justice  Moore :  Could  you  Burrounded  the  bouse.     Observed 

slate  the  number  of  reports  out-  a  man  with  a  military  cap  come 

side? — It  is  perfectly  imposaihle.  out    of    a   pasture-field    into   the 

A  Juryman :    How  many  shots  cabbage    gtmlen.      Mr.     O'Brien 

were    fired   by   your    party? — I  came  to  the  window.     (Witness 

served  out  930  rounds  to  replace  identified    Mr.    O'Brien.)      The 

those  that  were  fired.  upper  part  of    the   window    was 

About  two  hours  and  a  quarter  open.  Mr.  O'Brien  said  he  was 
after  the  firing  bad  ceased  Sub-  an  Irishman  and  a  soldier,  and  if 
Inspector  Cox  and  his  party  ar-  they  gave  up  their  arms  be  would 
nved  from  Cashel.  I  looked  protect  them.  Up  to  the  time  of 
through  the  loophole  at  (be  back,  iiiB  leaving  the  window  no  firing 
and  I  fired  a  signal  shot.  had  taken  place.  The  firing  corn- 
Cross-examined  by  Mr.  White-  menced  from  the  outside, 
side :  Upon  the  morning  of  that  To  Chief  Justice  Doherty. — A 
Saturday  had  not  the  proclamation  volley  was  fired,  but  could  not  sajr 
ofi'ering  a  reward  for  the  arrest  of  how  many  shots. 
Mr.  0%rien  arrived  at  Callan? —  The  examination  continued. — 
It  might  be,  but  I  did  not  know  Stones  were  thrown  in  at  the 
it.  window. 

It  was  after  the  proclamation  Lord  Chief  Justice  Doherty. — 

had  arrived  that  yon  marched  to-  Was  that  stone  thrown  before  a 

wards  Ballingarry? — It  was.  shot  was  fired  from  your  party? 

And  you  were   directed    to  go  Witneas.—It  was,  sir. 

there? — I  was.  To    the    Jury. — Saw    but    one 

And  you  exhorted  some  persons  stone, 

to  meet  yon  there  ? — I  did.  To  the  Court. — There  was  an 

Was  it  not  blazoned  throughout  interval  of  five  minutes  between 

the    country    that    morning   that  the  firing  and  the  throwing  of  the 

600^  was  offered  for  the  arrest  of  stone.     No  balls  came  into  the 

Mr.  O'Brien,  and  did    you   not  bouse.     At  least  he  saw  none, 

hear  it  that  day? — I  did  not  bear  The   continuous    firing   lasted   a 

it  that  morning.  quarter  of  an  hour.    Saw  muskets 

Did  not  the  rest  of  the  police?  directed  towards  the  house,  and 

Witness    (hastily).  —  Oh  I    yes,  the  flashes  of  the  discbaige. 

now  I  remember,  when  Inspector  Cross- examined. — Had  not  seen 

Cox  came  up,    be  said  we  had  the  proclamation  oflisring  a  reward 

let  5U0i.  slip  Uirough  our  fingers,  for    the   apprehension  of  Smith 

There  were  five  children.     Their  O'Brien  beforo  he  marched  from 

mother,  after  liio  firii^,  came  to  Oallan,  nor  bad  be  beard  of  it  till 


414        ANNUAL     REGISTER,  1848. 

erenii^.     Were  fired  on  daring  not   tut   an;   one.     Wfaen    Ur. 

their  march,  but  did  not  see  the  O'Brien  came  (o  the  window  he 

person  nho  fired  the  shot.  dashed  in  the  shutter,  bo  that  he 

Thomas    Uonn,   examined   by  was  folly  exposed;   and  if  either 

the      A ttome;- General.  —  Knew  party  had  fired  at  the   time   he 

Smith  O'Brien.     Saw  him  in  the  most  have  been  shot  dead.     He 

incloeure  at    the  Widow   M'Cor-  spoke  ctnlly  to  the  men.     When 

mack's.     He  was  leaning  with  his  refnsed  the  arms,  he  said  in  a  loud 

back    to    the   wall,   between    the  dear  voice  to  the  people,  "  Slash 

gable  and  the  window  at  which  away,    and   slaogbter  them   alL" 

the  police  were  stationed     Ailer  At  that  time  there  was  a  crowd  ot 

that  he  came  to  the  window,  and  people    around    him,   inside    the 

said,  "  We  are  all  Irishmen,  boys,  wall,   armed   with   blunderbaases. 

I  am  Smith  O'Brien,  and  ss  good  No  shots  were  fired  by  the  potiee 

a  soldier  as  any  of  you."    He  then  at  the  time.     Did  not  fire  at  Mr. 

demanded  our  arms.   Witness  was  O'Brien ;  if  he  had  come  before 

one  of  the  men   who  said  they  witness  at  the  time  be  would  han 

would  part  with  their  lives  before  shot  him.    Mr.  O'Brien  stood  wid 

they  rave    up    their   arms.      He  one  foot  on  the  window  sill  at  the 

seemed  diaappointed.     He  got  off  time.  Witness's  bayonet  wns  within 

the  window-sitl,  and  witness  heard  six  inches  of  O'Brien's  heart.     At 

him  say,  "  Slash  away,  boys,  and  that  time  would  have  ahot  a  man 

slaughter  the  whole  of  them."  six  inches  from  him,  even  if  m>- 

The    prisoner   here   exclaimed  armed, 

with   abrupt   Tehemence : — Don't  Mr.  Whiteside :  Why  did  70s 

you  know  that  you  are  swearing  not  shoot  him? — Because  I  cmild 

fidsely  when  you  swear  that,  sir  ?  not ;  because  I  did  not  hear  him 

Witness  (turning   round). — No,  making  use — (witness  stopped  and 

I  do  not,  sir.  hesitated). 

Examination    continued.— How  Mr.    Whiteside.  ~  "  Oh  !     you 

far   was   the   prisoner  from  you  were  about  saying  you  did  not  bear 

when  he  said  that?  the  words  Mr.  O'Brien  used?" 

Mr.  O'Brien.— Turn  round  and  Witness    became   embarrassed, 

let  me  see  your  face  when  you  are  rubbed  his  bead,  and  after  a  panae 

swearing  (bat —  said,  "  No,  1  was  not  about  saying 

The   Attomey-General  (to  the  so." 

witness.)— Do  not  stir;  sit  down  Arthur  Robinson,   one  of  Mr. 

in  your  place.  Trant's  party,  corroborated  the  de- 

Cross-examined. — The  words  ho  tails  of  evidence  as  to  the  march 

attributed    to    Mr.   O'Briea   were  on  Ballingarry,  and  the  attack  at 

used  in  his  information  sworn  ou  Widow  M'Cormack 'a,  and  identified 

the  6th  of  September.     The  shot  Mr.  O'Brien.     In  going  from  the 

of  which  he  spoke  was  fired  when  window,   Mr.    O'Brien    gave    the 

the   police   turned   to    the  right,  words,    "  Slosh    away,  hoja,    and 

There  was  another  shot  fired  from  slaughter  the  whole  of  them." 

the  people  when  the  police  were  Constable  Patrick  Ford  was  in 

crossing  the  ditch.      "There  were  Mr.     Trant's    party    when    thej 

two  shots  fired.     Did  not  know  at  marched  to  Baningarry.     Was  io 

whom  they  were  fired;    they  did  the  parlour  in  the  widow  M'Cor- 


STATE    TRIALS. 


41& 


mack's  house,  on  the  left  side— the 
same  room  in  which  BobitiBon  naa. 
Witness  deposed  to  the  prisoner's 
coming  to  the  window.  Immedi- 
ately after  he  left  the  window  wit- 
ness heard  the  words,  "  Flash 
away,  boys  ;  we  will  soon  bare 
them  all,"  but  could  not  say  who 
said  them. 

Head-constable  M'Donough,  ex- 
amined by  Mr.  Sausse. — Was  at  the 
widow  M'Cormack's  house  on  the 
Saturday,  in  the  room  OTCr  the  one 
where  Mr.  O'Brien  came.  Witness 
came  down  stairs  with  Mr.  Trant. 
When  he  got  into  the  room  where 
Mahony  was,  heard  the  words 
"  Slash  away,  boys,  and  slaughter 
the  whole  of  them."  Could  not 
see  the  person  who  said  that. 
Filing  commenced  from  the  out- 
side, and  stones  were  thrown  in 
directly  after   those  words  were 

Gouslable  HanoTer,  examined 
by  the  Atti^ey- General. — Went 
to  the  widow  M'Cormack'e  on  the 
Monday  following  the  shooting 
match.  Genera)  Macdonald  was 
there.  Examined  the  house,  and 
saw  several  marks  inside  and  out. 
side,  with  stone  and  bullet  marks. 
Outside,  the  bullet  marks  were  in 
the  front.  Found  marks  inside 
of  the  house  on  the  rear  face,  as  if 
they  bad  come  in  at  the  front.  I 
saw  some  marks  on  the  top  storey, 
and  some  on  the  lower  storey. 

Did  you  see  any  bullets? — I 
■aw  the  children  exhibit  some  to 
the  General.  I  think  there  was 
only  one  bullet  shown  to  the  G» 

Were  you  present  when  the 
bullet  was  found  ? — I  was ;  it  was 
found  in  one  of  the  rooms  up- 
stairs, but  I  cannot  tell  in  which. 

Now  did  not  the  bullet  from  its 
appearance  look  as  if  it  was  fired 
at  the  police  ?  {A  laugh.) — I  don't 


know ;  but  if  a  policeman  was  in 
the  room  it  was  fired  at,  I  should 
think  so. 

Constable  Carroll,  examined  by 
the  Solicitor-General. — He  recol- 
lected going  from  Kilkenny  to  Bal- 
lingarry  on  Saturday,  the  !10tb  of 
July.  Was  sent  to  deliver  a  letter 
to  Mr.  Trant.  Delivered  the  letter 
at  widow  M'Cormack'e  house.  The 
firing  had  then  ceased.  Saw  Mr. 
Trant  at  the  house.  After  deliver- 
ing the  letter  be  returned  on  his 
way  to  Kilkenny,  and  fell  in  with 
a  number  of  persons.  Some  of 
the  people  were  armed,,  but  more 
were  not.  Some  were  armed  with 
guns  and  pikes.  Mr.  O'finen 
came  up,  and  spoke  to  him.  (Ho 
identified  Mr.  O'Brien.)  Mr. 
O'Brien  asked  him  if  he  were  a 
mounted  police,  and  he  said  he 
was.  He  was  in  plain  clothes. 
Another  person  then  came  up,  and 
said  he  might  consider  himself  a 

Erisoner,  but  need  not  be  appre- 
ensive  of  any  harm ;  that  person 
was  armed,  and  had  a  belt  A 
third  person  afterwards  came  up, 
and  said  the  witness  was  a  spy. 
There  was  a  great  sensation  on 
the  road.  Witness  thought  he  was 
going  to  be  shot,  and  he  then  got 
from  his  horse.  Mr.  M'Manus, 
the  gentleman  who  arrested  him, 
took  him  by  the  arm  and  brought 
him  by  the  field  out  of  the  crowd. 
Mr.  O'Brien  got  on  the  horse  and 
went  away  for  about  half  en  hour, 
and  then  came  back  and  went  away 
again,  and  afterwards  returned. 
Mr.  M'Manus  vrent  away  after 
seeing  him  out  of  the  crowd,  and 
he  was  left  in  the  charge  of  four 
men.  He  asked  the  third  person 
when  he  came  whether  ho  would 
allow  him  to  go  to  the  village  and 
get  some  refreshment,  and  be  told 
the  four  men  to  go  along  with  bim. 
Was  not  let  go  to  the  village-.' 


416        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

Saw  Mr.  O'Briea  while  he  vas  in  she  could  radeem  hersdf  if  aba 

the  crowd.     Heard  htm  ask  the  liked.     Witneaa   aud  that  oooU 

people  abonld  iic  BJ^^  himself  up  not  be  done  without  blood.     Mi. 

to  be  hanged?    The  people  told  O'Drieo    replied,   he    wanted    no 

him  not     He  then  said  he  would  blnod.       Immediatelj    kfierwards 

take  the  house  in  which  Idr.  Traot  Mr.    03rieti    gsre    witness    bit 

was  in  an  hour.     Waa  in  the  cus-  horse. 

tody  of  four  men  for  some  time,  Sub-Inspector  Cox  examined. — 
till  he  saw  a  number  of  cars  Was  stationed  at  Cashel  last  Jnlj. 
moving  towards  them,  and  beard  Proceeded  with  tweo^-two  meii. 
the  people  say  the  police  were  about  one  o'clock,  towards  the 
coming.  Orders  were  then  given  Commons  of  Bonta^  on  the  2Vth 
for  his  release.  Heard  the  people  of  that  month.  Went  within  bitf 
say  they  would  attack  the  police,  a  oiile  of  the  widow  M'Conna^'i. 
They  left  the  ranks  and  went  over  Saw  a  large  number  of  peiaoas 
the  ditches  in  order  to  do  so.  formed  in  line  on  a  hill  betwea 
After  he  went  some  way  he  met  the  police  and  the  house,  and  ■ 
Mr.  03000.  When  witness  met  little  to  the  left  of  the  ned. 
him  he  pulled  out  a  pistol,  and  About  200  of  them  came  down 
said,  "  Your  life  for  mine ;  are  you  from  the  hill  to  meet  the  police, 
come  to  arrest  me?"  Witness  re-  and  the  latter  went  on  townrds 
plied  that  he  waa  not ;  that  he  had  the  people.  The  people  formed 
no  arms  ;  and  that  be  might  shoot  themselves  into  three  {urtiea :  one 
him  if  he  liked.  Mr.  O'Brien  on  advanced  along  the  road  towards 
that  said  such  an  act  would  be  be-  the  police ;  the  others  took  to  the 
Death  him,  and  that  he  would  not  ditches  at  the  sides  of  the  ntd,  so 
fire  on  an  uoprotected  man.  He  that  witness  could  see  their  he^ 
then  said  witness  sbonld  go  back  and  shoulders  over  the  ditcfaea. 
along  the  road  with  him.  Wit-  They  had  pikes  and  pitchforks, 
uess  returned  accordingly.  Mr.  Saw  gans  with  them  afterwards. 
O'Brien  had  a  stick  in  his  band  Spoke  to  the  magistrate,  and 
and  a  pistol  in  his  breast.  When  having  examined  the  arms  of  his 
first  he  saw  him  he  wore  a  hat;  men,  moved  on  towards  the  croea, 
next  time  he  had  a  doth  cap  with  when  the  pecwle  there  retired  aod 
a  gold  baud  aud  peak.  Witness  went  up  to  Uie  party  on  the  bill. 
asked  leave  to  speuc  to  him  as  one  They  then  commenced  shouting 
man  might  to  another,  and  on  his  and  yelling.  That  was  abont  half- 
telling  him  to  do  so,  witness  told  past  four  o'clock.  On  arriving  at 
him  that  it  would  be  impossible  the  cross,  detached  six  of  his  men 
for  him  to  cany  out  what  he  had  to  each  side  of  the  road,  and  rode 
undertaken,  particularly  as  the  up  with  the  remainder  to  the  men 
Boman  Catholic  clergy  were  against  on  the  hill.  Told  the  people  they 
him,  as  he  had  seen  that  day.  must  retire.  They  did  so  for  a 
Asked  him  how  he  could  expect  to  short  way,  then  halted,  and  again 
succeed.  Said  the  troope  would  retired  on  the  approach  of  the 
be  brought  against  him,  against  police.  The  party  on  the  hill  was 
whom  it  would  be  impossible  for  led  by  two  or  three  men,  who  were 
him  to  contend.  Mr.  O  Brien  very  oonspicuotks,  and  called  on  the 
said,  that  for  twenty  years  he  had  others  to  line  in.  Witness  told 
worked  for  bia  oonntry,  and  that  them  to  stand  baok.    Ordered  the 


STATETRIALS.  417 

police  to  fin  before  he  beard  a  time  he  bad  it  in  an  open  room, 

sbot  fired.     One  of  the  men  ex-  to  whicb    eveiy   one  had  access, 

claimed  that  a  shot  had  been  fired  'Witness's  boy  gave  it  to  Cox  in 

by  the  people.      The  fire  of  the  the  same  slate  as  he  had  received 

police  was  returned  by  the  people,  it. 

The    contest   lasted   a  very  few  Michael  Kennedy  examined.— 

minutes.      Saw     one    man    fiiU.  Was  in  the  service  of  the  last 

There  was  a  cheer,  and  after  that  witness.      Kecolleoted    taking   a 

the  men  ran  away  or  laid  down,  portmanteau  from  a  pawnbroker's. 

The  police  proceeded  up  the  hill  named  Littleton,  to  his  master's 

to  the  vridow's,  where  mey  found  last  Angnst.    Took  it  from  a  kiln 

Mr.  Traat  and  his  party.     Fotmd  used    as    a   store   in   Littleton's 

the  marks  of  bullets  inside  the  garden.      Took  it  originally  with 

house.    Saw  pikes  taken  up  outside  other  fiimiture  from  Doheny's  to 

the  house.  the  kiln.      Gave  it  to  Ur.  Ooz, 

Cross-examined.  —  The    house  atrappedand  locked  in  tlie  same  way 

was  wrecked  by  the  police  defend-  as  he  had  first  seen  it.     First  saw 

lag  themselves.     Was  certain  he  the  portmanteau  at  Mrs.  Doheny's. 

saw  the  marks  of  two  bullets.    Had  Other  persons  were  employed   in 

not  said  he  was  bottj  he  had  let  removing  the  furniture.      When 

the  5001.  slip  throuf^  bis  fingers;  the   fiunitare  was   removed   the 

it  had  never  been  in  them  at  all,  house  was  open  to  any  one  going 

and  so  could  not  shp  through  them.  in.     There  were  other  trunks  in 

He    was    sorry    it     had    slipped  the  house,  but  not  like  this,  for 

through   Traot's  bands.      Would  this  was  covered  with  leather, 

have  tried  for  it  if  he  had  hod  a  Constable  Wilson  examined  by 

chance.      The  shots  did  not  kill  the    Solicitor- General.  —  Is    in 

any  of  the  police.    Thought  there  the  Dublin  police.     In  July  last 

were  a  couple  of  the  people  killed,  vraa  stationed  at  Constitution  Hill. 

The  great  m^rily  of  uie  people  Observed    there    a   bouse    with 

bad  pikes  only.     Many  had  only  blinds,  with  "  Red  Hand  Club  " 

pitchforks.       At    seventy    yards  vrritten  on  them ;  it  is  next  house 

would  prefer  a  carbine  to  a  pitch-  to    the    King's   Inn   wall.      Saw 

fork.     Never  sent  any  one  to  Do-  that  for  the  most  part  of  July, 

heny's  for  Mr.  O'Brien's  portman-  Was  put  there  with  another  con- 

teau.     A  msn  named  Norton  told  stable  to  watch  the  house, 

him  he  had  it  in  his  possession.  Tbe  order  of  the  Privy  Oonncil 

'  The  Attorney- General  said  he  for  the  trial  of  Mr.  O'Brien  was 

Bhould  now  proffer  evidence  to  ex-  then  put  in  and  proved ;  also  tbe 

plain  some  matters  that  had  come  Dublin  OazetU  of  the  proclamation 

out  in  crras-examination.  of  the  18th  of  July,  proclaiming 

John  Norton  deposed  that  he  the  county  and  city  of  Dublin ; 

gave  a  portmanteau  to  Mr.  Cox  also  two  documents  found  on  Mr. 

List  August.    It  came  with  fnmi-  O'Brien's  person  at  tbe  time  of 

tar^  from  Mrs.  Doheny's  to  an-  his  arreet,  being  little  tracings  of 

other  place,  and  from  that  place  the    countiy  immediately  around 

had  been  carried  towitness's  honee  the  Commons, 

by  his  boy,  Michael  Kennedy.   Did  The  Attorney- General  said  he 

not    know  bow  tbe    portmanteau  then  proposed  to  put  in  the  letter 

came   there.     It  lay  during  tihe  found  in    the   portmanteau,   and 

Vol.  XC.  2  E 


418        ANNUAL    REGIST  ER,  1848. 


which  was  proved  to  be  in  the 
handwriting  of  Mr.  DqE^. 

Mr.  Whiteside  snbmittfid  that 
fbtX  evidance  mnst  be  r^ect«d. 
In  "  The  King  v.  Hardy,"  it  was 
laid  down  that  a  paper  found  in 
the  poBseseion  of  another  jwrson 
must  be  proved  to  be  in  existence 
before  the  apprehension  of  the 
psr^  against  whom  it  was  to  be 
used  in  evidence.  "  The  King  v. 
Watson,"  and  StarkU  on  Evtdsiut. 
No  evidence  of  the  kind  had  been 
produced,  and  there  was  nothing 
to  prove  the  contrary  of  the  letter 
having  been  introduced  into  the 
portmanteau  purposely  since  Mr. 
O'Brien  was  arrested. 

The  Attorney-General  submitted 
that  this  document  was  receiv- 
able in  evideuoe  against  Mr. 
O'Brien. 

Mr.  Justice  Moore. — The  objec- 
tion is,  you  have  not  proved  saUs- 
fiujtorily  that  the  letter  ever  was 
in  the  poneasion  of  Mr.  O'Brien. 

The  Attorney-General  then  went 
through  the  evidence  which  hod 
bean  given  aa  to  the  portmanteaa 
being  traced  from  Doneny's  house 
to  the  police  at  Cariiel,  and  to  the 
possesBioD  of  the  Crown.  It  was 
not  impossible  that  the  document 
might  nave  been  introduced  into 
the  portmanteau,  but  the  question 
of  possibility  or  imposeilnlity  was 
one  for  the  jury  to  consider.  In 
the  case  of  Hardy,  an  attempt  vras 
made  to  give  as  evidence  against 
Hardy  documents  not  found  in  his 
possesdon,  but  in  that  of  a  co- 
conspirator. In  Watson's  case, 
Chief  Justice  Abbott  decided  that 
a  paper  found  in  the  room  of  the 
younger  Watson  should  be  re- 
eeived  as  evidence  against  the 
elder,  because  he  had  had  the  posf 
aeesion  of  that  room,  had  .the  key 
of  it,  and  had  not  been  near  it 
for  a   fortsight   previously.     In 


Enimett's  case  the  Chief  Jnstica 
came  to  a  similar  conclusion. 

Mr.  Fitzgerald  enbmitted,  that 
there  vras  no  evident  to  show  that 
these  documents  had  been  soffi- 
ciently  proved  to  have  been  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  O'Brien  to  be 
kid  before  the  jury  at  all.  If  it 
were  neoeeaary  for  the  Attorney- 
General  to  prove  that  the  port- 
manteau had  remained  in  the  same 
state  from  the  time  it  came  into 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Cox  till  it  wvs 
opened  by  Mr.  Redington,  anrely 
it  was  equally  necessary  to  prove 
that  fact  with  reference  to  the  in- 
terval between  its  leaving  Mrs. 
Doheny's  possession  and  coming 
into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Coz.  The 
same  necessity  for  identific*tiou 
existed  at  both  periods. 

The  Solicitor- General.  — The 
Crown  had  only  to  show  that  it 
had  not  been  tampered  with  after 
it  had  come  into  the  possesaioo  of 
their  officers.  It  was  evident  that 
this  document  mnst  have  existed 
before  Mr.  O'Brien's  arrest,  for 
the  writer  was  in  custody  in  Dablin 
at  the  time ;  the  possession  of  it, 
lastly,  had  been  distinctly  trvoed 
to  the  prisoner. 

The  Court  decided  that  tbey 
could  not  exclude  these  documents 
from  the  consideration  of  the  jniy. 

The  clerk  of  the  Grown  then 
read  the  letter.  (See  theAttomej- 
General's  speech.) 

A  letter  signed  "  R.  Tyler." 
from  Philadelphia,  promising  aid 
and  money,  &om  Mr.  Meaghu^ 
and  from  a  club  at  Ennisoofthy, 
were  also  read. 

The  case  for  the  Crown  waa 
closed  by  putting  in  a  plan  of 
widow  Cormack's  house,  and  a  plan 
of  the  Commons. 

Wednesday,  October  ilk. 

Mr.  Whiteside  wished,  before  he 


STATETRIALS.  419 

addreesed  tbo  3017,  to  state,  with  as  if  onljone  paper  with  the  name 

respect  to    tho    balloting  papers  of  Mr.  O'Brien  upon  it  had  been 

for  the  Council  of  Five,  epoiien  to  produced. 

bjr  the  witness  Dobbin,  that,  at  the  Mr.  Wbiteeide  then  addressed 

time   of   the    eumination,    onlj  thejuiy.     It  now  became  his  duty, 

tweD^>one  papers  were  handed  to  eaid  the  learned  Counsel,  to  ad- 

him  (Mr.  Whiteside)  as  produced  dreas  them  on  the  part  of  Mr. 

by  the  Crown,  and  of  those  twenty-  Smith  O'Brien,  the  prisoner.  Never 

one  the  witness  identified  hut  one  yet  had  he  addressed  a  jury  more 

with   the   name   of  Mr.   O'Brien  cooBcious  of  the  solemn  responai- 

npon  it,    that   name,    moreoTer,  bility  that  devolved  apon  him.  He 

being  struck  oat.     But  the  Crown  most  unfeignedly  asserted  that  it 

had  now  handed  to  him  twenty-  would  have  been  more  ^uteful  to 

nine   papers,  seven  or  eight  of  his  feelings  had  Mr.  O'Bnen  soli- 

whiob   had   Mr.  CBrien's  name  cited  coansel  more  worthy  by  ta- 

upon  them,  stadne  them  to  be  the  lenta  and  knowledge   to  address 

same  as  were  produced  on  the  ex-  such  a  tribunal  as  he  saw  before 

amination    of    the    nitneae.     He  him.     But  it  was  one  of  the  duties 

therefore  required  that  the  original  of   the  honourable  profession  to 

list  should  be  given  to  him,  in  the  which  be  belonged  never  to  refuse 

same  state  it  was  in  at  the  time  of  uudertakins    any   trust,    however 

the  witness's  examination.  solemn  and  however  atrful,  which 

The  Attorney- General  aaid  the  in  the  coarse  of  his  professional 
twenty-nine  p&pers  that  had  been  practice  might  fairly  be  imposed 
handed  to  Mr.  Whiteside  had  all  upon  him.  The  very  e&brt  to 
been  produced  when  the  vritnesa  comprehend  all  the  bearings  of  the 
WAS  examined,  but  he  coald  not  of  evidence  in  the  case  was  calculated 
course  say  whether  his  learned  to  disturb  the  memory  and  dis- 
&iend  had  inspected  them  all.  A  tract  the  reason.  He  bad,  there- 
lengthy  discussion  followed,  and  fore,  moat  respectfully  to  ask  of 
the  officers  of  the  Crown  Solicitor  the  jury  to  give  him  the  benefit  of 
were  examined,  who  swore  they  had  their  assistance,  to  correct  him 
delivered  the  whole  twenty-nine  is  when  he  was  wn»)g,  and  to  bear 
number  to  Mr.  Whiteside.  with  him  whenever  he  might  not 

Lord  Chief  Justice  Blackbunie.  be  addressing  himself  exactly  to 

— We  are  of  OfMuion  the  papers  the  matter  in  band.    They  had 

were  all  produced.     The  case  must  meant  at  one  time   to  appeal   to 

proceed.  their  lordships   to    postpone  the 

Mr,  Whiteside. — Then  I  must  trial,  because  they  believed  that 
ask  time  to  consider  what  course  I  the  prisoner  had  been  prejudged, 
shall  take.  Am  I  to  be  told  that  He  had  himself  rmd  a  chaise 
I  am  to  go  to  the  jury  as  if  eight  composed  for  the  Lord  Chief  Jus- 
papers  with  Mr.  O'Brien's  name  tice, — he  had  read  a  confident  an- 
upon  them  had  been  fully  proved,  tlcipation  of  the  prisoner's  guilt, 
because  if  that  be  said,  I  certainly  and  a  sabsequent  appeal  to  the 
shall  not  address  the  jury'?  jury  to  convict.     Ifhethoi^htthat 

Lord  Chief  Justice  Doherty. —  that  would  have  the  slightest  in- 

The  Court  is  of  opinion  that,  for  floence  on  the  Court,  or  on  the 

the  purposes    of    this  trial,  Mr.  mind  of  any  gentleman  in  that  box, 

Whiteside  is  te  deal  with  this  case  be  would  have  withdrawn,  and  left 

3  £  S 


420       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

Mr.  O'Brien — who  held  his  life  purpose  a  sofficient  expodtion  of 
under  the  lair — to  be  sacrificed  as  the  lav.  It  was  not  snfBdentlj 
a  TJctim  on  the  shrine  of  political  complete  for  the  case  of  hia  (Mr. 
expediency.  But  he  knew  too  well  Whiteside's)  client,  and  it  therefore 
that  the  ermine  worn  by  Mansfield,  became  his  duty  to  explain  what  he 
Holt,  and  Kale  would  not  be  sul-  believed  to  be  the  law,  and  the 
lied  by  the  distinguished  judges  he  principles  within  which  the  case 
saw  before  him.  He  had  to  apolo-  would  fall.  They  were  proceeding 
gize  for  having  delayed  them  for  a  to  try  the  prisoner  upon  an  ancient 
short  time  during  the  progress  of  statute  passed  so  long  since  as  the 
the  trial.  He  had  nmde  no  ob-  reign  of  Edward  III.  The  people 
jection  from  a  &ottous  motive.  He  of  England,  crushed  by  the  intote- 
tfaerefore  had  submitted  a  question  rable  oppression  of  the  fonner  law 
to  the  Court  which  had  been  de-  of  hign  treason,  determined  it 
ctded — he  had  no  doubt  rightly  should  be  expressed  as  it  oogfat  to 
— and  most  unfeigned  ly  did  he  re-  be,  in  language  of  distinctness  and 
joice,  from  the  emphatic  chai^  of  precision,  and  the  Parliament  that 
the  Lord  Chief  Justice  and  the  passed  it  has  been  described  as  the 
verdict  of  the  triers,  to  find  that  Bmtdietum  ParUanurUum.  That 
the  juTf  panel  was  framed  in  a  law  was  clear  and  simple;  there 
manner  not  only  legal  but  laudable,  was  no  diffictilty  in  it;  but  it  wm 
He  was  content  with  the  tribunal,  always  to  be  regretted  that  dcci- 
His  client  was  perfectly  satisfied  sions  were  made  upon  it  contmdic- 
with  the  jury.  But  when  he  said  '  tory  to  the  letter  if  not  to  the 
he  had  no  complsjnt  to  make  of  the  spirit  of  that  law.  snd  de^ng  the 
jury,  he  had  a  complaint  to  make  ingenuity  of  man  to  comprehend, 
of  the  law.  Had  Mr.  O'Brien  been  Before  the  reign  of  Philip  and 
BO  fortunate  as  to  have  been  an  Mary  that  simple  law,  made  by 
Englishman,  and  to  have  been  wise  and  ssgacions  men  for  the  pro- 
tried  by  the  English  law,  he  would  tection  of  themselves  and  their 
have  had.  ten  days  before  his  trial,  fellow-subjecCs,  was  frittered  away, 
the  name  of  every  juror  upon  the  mystified,  and  perplexed.  Men 
panel,  the  name  of  every  vritness  were  put  to  death  for  mere  words, 
that  was  to  be  examined  against  and,  as  it  was  described  by  a  pro- 
him,  with  their  titles,  their  profes-  found  lawyer,  the  courts  of  law  in 
sions,  and  their  residences ;  but  in  England  were  caverns  of  murder, 
this  country  it  had  been  decided  An  Act,  therefore,  was  passed  to 
that  that  law  did  not  prevail ;  and  restore  the  law,  and  Lord  Coke, 
a  more  melancholy  example  of  that  observing  upon  it,  said  the  statute 
unfortunate  result  never  presented  of  Mary  enacted  that  no  act  what- 
itself  than  in  this  case  they  had  soever,  by  words,  ciphers,  deeds,  or 
witnessed.  There  appeared  on  the  otherwise,  should  be  high  treason, 
table,  to  swear  away  directly  the  unless  it  was  declared  to  be  so  by 
life  of  hia  client,  a  man  whom  no  the  statute  of  Edward ;  and  added. 
human  being  in  that  Coort  could  that  so  many  treasons  had  been 
give  him  the  slightest  suggesUon  made  before  that  act,  that  not  only 
as  to  who  he  was,  whence  he  came,  ignorant,  but  learned  and  expert 
bis  past  life  or  conduct.  The  At-  men  were  caught  and  trapped  by 
tomey-General  had  opened  this  them.  The  Act  of  Maiy  reme- 
case  with  what  he  deemed  for  his    died  that  state  of  things.     It  was 


STATETRIALS.  421 

distiact ;  leaving  nothiog  to  the  said  a  high  anthoritjr,  trorde  were 

diacretioo  of  the  judges ;  and  the  notof  themselves  overt  acts  within 

two  rules  recited  in  ue  preamble  the  statute ;  one  reason  was  that 

were  true.     Tbey  were,  first,  that  they  were  easily  mistaken,  misap- 

the  authority  of  the  Boveretgn  was  plied,  misrepreMnted,  or  misus- 

held  by  the  love  and  favour  of  the  derstood  by  others ;  and  another 

sulnect,  more  than  by  the  dread  was,  that  a  man  in  a  moment  of 


uid  force  of  laws  made  with  rigour  passion  m^ht  also  say  Btany  things 
and  extreme  punishment:  and,  bo-  he  never  meant  to  do.  It  was  re- 
Gondly,  that  laws  justly  made  for  quisite,  therefore,  in  cases  of  so 
the  preservation  of  tiie  common-  nice  a  nature,  that  the  intention 
weal  without  extreme  penal^  and  should  be  evinced  by  the  doing  <€ 
punishment  were  often  better  some  acts  in  prosecution  thereof, 
obeyed  than  extreme  laws  nude  All  that  was  wise  and  conustent 
with  extreme  puniBbraent  Lord  with  the  law  of  a  free  country. 
Coke  oKpounded  that  statute  in  a  That  state  of  the  law  had  not  con- 
few  lines ;  he  said  that  it  was  ex-  tiuued  long  before  the  unhappy 
press  against  all  implications,  and  doctrine  of  constructive  treason 
that  no  temporary  judgment  or  arose,  and  in  process  of  time  an- 
opiniou  of  the  judges  could  make  other  levying  of  war  was  made  out 
anything  treason  which  was  not  so  for  that  contemplated  by  the  ata- 
expressed  in  the  statute.  Lord  tute.  There  was  now  a  Levying  (d 
Hale  explained  the  exception  in  war  called  "  a  constructive  leinnng 
that  Act,  for  there  was  an  exception  of  war,"  and  that  vras  the  kind 
in  it,  and  it  was  this — if  a  man  attempted  to  be  made  out  in  this 
covertly  and  secretly  rode  about  esse.  If  a  rabble  met  together, 
with  a  body  of  armed  men  against  and  intended  to  pull  down  one 
another  to  rob  or  slay  him,  or  to  meeting-house,  that  was  not  trea- 
detain  him  until  he  was  ransomed,  son.  but  if  they  intended  to  pull 
that  was  not  treason.  In  this  in-  down  many,  then  it  was  said  that 
dictment  there  was  a  eharge  of  it  encroached  on  the  King's  pfero- 
having  compassed  the  death  of  the  gative  ;  and,  the  purpose  being 
Queen.  The  intention  of  com-  general,  that  was  considered  to  be 
paseing  the  death  was  an  operation  treason.  But  as  to  the  levying  of 
of  the  mind,  and  overt  acta  were  war,  there  must  be  three  things 
the  means  by  which  that  intention  proved  ;  first,  that  U  was  gainst 
must  be  discovered.  But  a  con-  the  King  in  his  realm,,  and  for  a 
spiracy  for  compassing  the  death  of  general  piurpose.  (The  leaned 
the  Sovereign,  though  the  conspir-  counsel  then  stated  the  particulars 
ing  be  not  a  matter  for  directly  of  the  case  of  "  The  Weavers.") 
accomplishing  thatend,yetif  there  So  essential  was  it  to  establish  the 
were  anything  that  in  all  proba-  crime  of  high  treason  that  the  in- 
bility  would  induce  it,  that  was  laid  tention  should  be  evidenced  by 
down  to  be  an  overt  act  to  prove  overt  acts,  that  when  the  regicides, 
the  compassing  of  the  death— as  on  the  restoration  of  Charles  II., 
if,  for  example,  a  man  conspired  to  were  tried  for  high  treason,  they 
imprison  or  detain  the  king — and  were  tried  for  a  conspiracy  to  kill 
it  was,  accordingly,  so  adjudged  in  the  King.and  the  overt  act  diarged 
the  case  of  the  Earl  of  Essex  in  ^«  strong  one,  certainty — wasout- 
thereignofQueenElizabeth.  But,  tmg  off  Ms  he«d.    Mr.  Juatiw 


422       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

Fost«r,  in  oommentiDg  on  the  im-  ben,  all  were  gail^  of  treaMii,  tk 

port  of  words,  said,   Uut  "loose  oountr^  wotild    be  detoged  with 

mrds  not  relative  to  overt  acts  or  btood.     Lord  Coke  had  diitincttj 

deeignB  are  not  orert  acta  of  tiea-  aaid  that  bare  words  might  tnaket 

son ; "  and  iu  Tarioos  other  parts  of  hetetio,  but  not  a  tnutor  withoBt 

hia  work  be  sobatantiali;  repeated  overt  acta.     In  later  timee,  dun 

that  opinion.    Ibt  leenwd  judge  had  been  two  or  three  practical  ia- 

then  proceeded  to  draw  the  dw-  alancee  of  wlmt  was  said  to  b«  > 

tinotion  between  a  direct  levying  levying  of  wsr  so-  pertinent  to  the 

of  war  and  a  coostmctive  levying  present  case  that  he  wonld  npeA 

of  war,  and  said  that  an  ineurreo-  them.     (The  Ie«mod  Cooneel  thm 

tion  for  breaking  into  a  prison  and  commented  on  the  caaee  of  Lord 

Tescning  persons  therefrom  was  not  George  Oordon, Watson, and  Fnatj 

a  levying  of  war  to  support  the  He  now  came  to   the  indictBMnt 

charge  of  compassing  the  King's  against  the   prisoner  at  the  bar. 

death.     In  this  indictment  the  pri-  He  was  aconaed  of  having  oooi- 

Boner  was  charged  vrith  compasaing  mitted   varioua    treesonahle   acta, 

the  Queen's  death,  and  the  overt  between  abont  the  ITtfa  and  30(b 

act  was  a  levying  of  vrar.     If  that  of  July;   of  having  speared  ii 

levying  of  war  was  not  direct,  bnt  arma  at  Ballingany,  Mollinahoiw, 

ooDStructive,  as  stated  by  Judge  and    Killenaole ;     of  having  ob- 

Foster,  then  it  was  not  endenoeof  stmcted  the  march  of  the  militttr 

the  oompassing   of    the  Qoeen's  at  the  latter  place ;  of  levying  ear 

death ;  and  as  in  the  sixth  count  at  Farrinrory;  of  levying  war  ^ 

no  other  act  vras  stated  than  those  nerally,  and  of  eonspiring  to  kill 

laid  in  the  other  five  counts,  if  the  the  Queen.    As  to  the  last  ofiom 

overt  ects  there  charged  did  not  Mr.  O'firian  had  abont  as  mni 

aim  directly  at  the  death  of  the  intentiontooommitit  osbehadu 

Queen,  tfa^  amounted  only  to  con-  kill  the  Great  Mogul.     The  At- 

Btruotive  treason,  and  the  conspi-  tomey-Qenend  told  tbia  jnty  ^ 

ntcy  of  compassing  the  Queen'a  the  eptce  in  which  the  treasoeaU* 

death  by  the  levying  of  war,  did  acts    were    committed   was   little 

not  support  the  ch^ge  as  laid  in  more  than  a  week ;  bat  in  the  evi' 

the  sixth  count.     Bat  Mr.  Justice  denoe  he  had  laid  before  tboa  be 

Foster  further  observed,  that  the  called  on  them  to  look  to  speecbeB 

levyingof  warforapurpoeeooming  in  Janoary,  1847,aBexpUmatoiy«f 

within  any  of  the  species  of  trea-  the  acts  done  by  Mr.  O'Brien  in 

sons  declared  by  the  statute  of  July,  1848.     Kow  if  there  ware 

Edward  III.  would  not  fall  vrithin  anything  more  odious  than  anothN 

the  Aot  of  Parliament  unless  the  in  the  whole  scope  of  the  law,  it 

rising   was    eSectual ;    but  when  was  an  attempt  to  nuke  out  tb# 

there  was  a  rising  of  that  nature,  crime  of  high  treaaon  hy  cumtda* 

all  parties  connected  with  the  con-  tive  evidence.    Tbe  doctrine  of  the 

apiracy  were  guilty.     The  jury  had  Attorney-General  amonntod  to  tbii 

heard  the  Attorney- Genera]   say  — that  by  adding  a  speech  which 

that  all  the  members  of  the  Con-  was  not  sedition,  to  another  which 

federation.of  which  they  bad  beard  was  not  treason,  to  a  third  tbtt 

ao  much,  were  guilty  of  treason ;  was  neither  one  nor  the  other,  yoa 

b«t  if  that  were  the  case — if,  from  could  oonstitDle  the  crime  of  higb 

the  conduct  of  two  or  three  mem-  treason  in  the  person  irbo  vMt 


STATE    TRIALS. 


423 


them.  The  learned  Connaal,  after 
commenting  on  the  condaot  of  the 
Crown  officers  in  reading  Ur. 
O'Brien's  speeches  made  some 
time  ago,  said,  it  made  it  neceasuy 
that  be  should  give  some  account 
of  Ur.  O'Brien's  connection  vith 
the  ConfederatiDn.  Many  years 
ago  he  had  entered  Parliament,  and 
had  pursued  an  independent  course, 
and  was  oalled  "  ao  impracticable 
man."  In  1849  he  made  up  his 
difference  with  Mr.  O'ConDell,  and 
joined  the  Repeal  Association,  on 
the  ground  that  he  had  tried  the 
British  FarUament,  and  had  failed 
in  obtaining  jnstice.  The  Associs' 
tion  made  a  distinction  between 
moral  and  physical  force,  and 
seemed  to  get  up  on  agitation, 
which  they  took  care  should  not  go 
too  far,  for  the  purpose  of  getting 
place  and  pension;  and  in  conse- 
quence Mr.  O'Brien,  and  those 
who  thought  with  him,  resohed  to 
found  another  body  to  cany  out 
their  views.  Counsel  next  read 
the  address  which  was  issued  on 
the  formation  of  the  Confedera- 
tion, pledging  the  members  to  pro- 
cure domestic  legislation,  and  re- 
pudiating the  doctrine  of  physical 
force,  but  insisting  on  agitation  for 
their  oltjecta,  in  accordance  with 
the  constitution.  About  the  same 
period  a  meeting  of  gentlemen — 
the  first  in  the  land — was  held 
under  the  name  of  the  Irish  Conn- 
cil,  to  form  some  combined  plan  of 
action  for  the  good  of  Ireland.  Mr. 
O'Brien  was  invited  to  attend, and 
made  a  speedi  in  which  he  uttered 
the  eentimeuta  of  a  true  patriot. 
Here  Counsel  read  pasaa^ee  from 
various  speeches  of  Mr.  O'Brien, 
which  he  said  showed  him  to  be  a 
good  subject  and  trae  citizen ;  and 
read  the  rules  of  tbe  Confedera- 
tion, which  in  effect  pledged  the 
members  to  use  every  social  and 


moral  influence  for  the  restoration 
of  legislative  independence.  By 
these  rules  alone  should  the  meni> 
bers  of  that  Confederation  be 
judged.  The  learned  Counsel  read 
a  speech  made  upon  the  occasion  of 
the  refusal  of  Parliament  to  inquire 
into  the  Irish  Poor  Law,  in  course 
of  which  the  prisoner  was  repre- 
sented to  have  said,  "that  there 
was  no  chance  of  an  immediate 
appeal  to  arms  being  successful." 
From  the  word  immediate,  it  might 
be  argued  that  the  prisoner  looked 
to  an  appeal  to  arms  in  future. 
But  it  could  not  be  adduced  in 
evidence  of  the  lnl«Dt  of  an  act 
done  in  1657,  that  in  1647  the 
accused  stated  the  immediate  exe- 
cution of  that  act  could  not  be  suc- 
cessful. As  instances  of  threats  in 
JtUuro,  the  learned  counsel  quoted 
passages  from  Lord  John  Riusell's 
ConttUvtional  HUtory  of  England, 
in  which  the  doctrine  of  resistanca 
was  approved  of;  and  forcibly  read 
the  foUoning  letter  from  IJord  J. 
Russell  to  Mr.  Attvood : — ■ 

"Sir, — I  beg  to  acknowledge 
with  heartfelt  gratitude  the  kind- 
ness and  honour  now  done  me  by 
150.000  of  my  fellow-countiymen. 
Our  prospects  are  obscured  for  a 
moment — I  trust  only  for  a  mo- 
ment— for  it  is  impossible  that 
the  whisper  of  a  faction  can  pre- 
vail against  the  voice  of  a  nar 
tion." 

What  was  the  whisper  of  a  faction 
to  which  the  First  Minister  of  the 
Crown  alluded?  It  was  the  deU- 
berate  opinion  of  the  House  of 
Peers — of  the  assembly  which 
boasted  of  the  names  of  Welling- 
ton, Nelson,  and  Marlborough,  and 
which  would  exbt  for  ages  in  the 
attachment  of  a  discerning  people. 
He  had  not  brought  forward  this 
letter  for  the  purpose  of  scoffing 
at  the  First  Minister  of  the  Crown, 


424       ANNUAL    REGISTEE,   1848. 

but  to  show  the  ofnnianB  held  b;  foUowhig  day,  with  the  names  of 
eminent  perams  on  the  snl^eet  of  sll  the  prendenta  of  the  cluls  tbea 
■ockl  chsnges — persons  who  had  existing.  These  resolotiotn  k- 
nerer  b«en  wcased  of  tremon.  knowledged  the  purpose  of  the 
The  Attomey-Oenertl  had  referred  clubs  to  be  to  orerthrow  Brituh 
to  the  Frsnch  Rerolution;  but  a  legislation  in  Ireland — thstmsno 
person  mi^t  think  that  rerolution  treason  ;  to  enstsin  the  legidmU 
justifiable,  and  not  be  a  traitor,  inflnence  of  religion — that  w» 
So  &r  was  Mr.  O'Brien  from  being  no  treason  ;  and  to  secure  the  indt- 
an  advocate  of  violence,  that  he  pendence  of  the  country — that  m 
declared  he  would  not  resort  to  no  treason  either.  In  that  list  of 
physical  force  till  the  whole  coun-  clube  there  was  no  mention  of  lb» 
try  wasin  &voar  ofit.  And  could  Bed  Hand  Club.  But  Mr.  CBrien 
any  one  doubt  but  that  then  it  was  not  there,  and  did  not  belong 
woold  be  joBtifiable?  or.  that  if  all  to  any  club  at  all.  The  Attn- 
the  people  of  Ireland — north  and  ney-G«neral  seemed  to  think  tint 
south  —  declared  their  intention  Hr.  O'Brien's  travels  throng  In- 
to repeat  the  Union,  they  would  land  were  treasonable  also:  tm 
not  at  once  obtain  it?  Mr.  O'Brien  they  were  only  a  part  of  iha 
had  not  ^uB  to  France  to  solicit  de«gn  avowed  in  the  purposes 
anned  aid.  In  his  speech — the  of  the  League,  and  m  pr»- 
speechmadeevideoceby tbeCrown  secution  of  t£ose  purpoees.  S- 
— be  denied  that  he  had  done  so.  multaneous  meetingswerenopnM 
The  parade  of  men  with  flags  and  of  treason.  Would  the  jary  tike 
arms  was  not  exactly  high  treason,  away  the  life  of  Mr.  O'Brien  b«- 
for,  if  it  were,  then  all  the  Orange-  cause  he  had  spoken  more  raaie- 
men  of  Ulster  were  guilty  of  it  rately,  discreetly,  temperately, «« 
He  was  obliged  to  the  Altomey-  mildly  than  those  who  had  pUcM 
General  forproving  these  speeches,  the  Attorney-General  in  the  poo- 
for  it  evinced  his  belief  that  he  tion  he  held?  [ApplauM  m  <^ 
could  not  have  construed  the  acts  Court.]  If  they  could  send  s  mui 
of  his  client  into  treason  without  to  the  scaffold  on  the  evidence 
the  supposed  sid  of  those  speeches,  brongfat  against  his  client,  their 
while  he  (Mr.  Whiteside)  would  names  would  go  down  to  posteiitf 
demonstrate  that  they  contained  stamped  with  eternal  in&my  1^ 
no  treasonable  intent.  When  the  learned  Counsel  then  cotnineoted 
Confederation  was  dissolved,  a  new  with  severity  upon  the  means  bj 
body  called  the  Irish  League  was  which  Mr.  O'Brien's  portmantsw 
summoned  into  existence,  all  the  bad  been  obtained,  and  on  the 
members  of  which  united  in  the  failure  of  the  Crown  to  sapplj  v» 
common  ol^ect  of  looking  for  (he  missing  link  in  the  evidence.  "M 
Repeal  of  the  Union.  The  clubs  implored  the  jnry  to  rqect  the 
wore  entirely  distinct  from  the  documents  thus  obtained.  A«  ** 
League ;  and,  on  the  1 5th  of  July,  the  evidence  of  Dobbin,  be  wool" 
in  consequence  of  doubts  which  pass  over  it;  for  the  AssocUlioD- 
existed  as  to  their  precise  inten-  perfectly  legal  in  itself,  could  net 
tions,  the  clubs  held  a  meeting,  at  in  the  progress  of  the  case  be  con- 
which  resolutions  embodying  ^eir  verted  into  one  that  was  illegal  bj 
principles  of  action  were  agreed  the  evidence  of  such  a  man.  Tbef 
to,  and  published  in  the  papers  the  would  remember  (bat  Mr.  O'Biies 


STATETRIALS.  426 

on  the  !i2Dd  of  July  was  at  Ennis-  wish  to  keep  the  people  about  him 

corthj.     It  vas  announced  on  that  — to  keep  the  collieTs  about  him — 

dsj  in   Dublin  that   the  Habeaa  to  prevent  bis  arrest.     His  sole 

Corpus  Act  was  to  be  Buspended.  ot^ect  vaa  his  personal  security. 

Mr.  Dillon  and  Mr.  Met^her  left  But  bis  conduct  from  the  first  to 

Dublin  to  inform  Mr.  O'Brien  of  the  last   was    irreconcilable  with 

that  &ct,  and  their  belief  that  he  the  notion  of  his  intending  to  kill 

was  to  be  arrested.    Mr.  O'Brien  the  Queen.    The  learned  Counsel 

left  the  bouse  where  he  was  stay-  then    commented    with    severitj 

ing ;  and  what  could  be  more  nar  upon  the  manner  in  which  the 

tural  than  that  he  should  wish  to  speeches  were  represented  by  the 

save  the  gentleman  in  whose  house  policemen  who  were  brought  for- 

he  was  staying  the  annoyance  of  ward  to  prove  them, 
any  arrest    tailing    place    there? 

What    then     took    place?      The  Thursday,  October  tth. 
ruhng    object    in    Mr.    OBnens 

mind  was  from  that  moment  to  Mr.  Whiteside  continued  his 
escape  arrest.  Every  speech  he  address.  In  his  speech  of  the  day 
made  from  that  moment  eipresaed  previous  be  had  endeavoured  to 
that  idea.  Mr.  O'Brien  believed  convey  to  the  jury  the  principle 
that  they  would  give  him  no  trial,  on  wluch  he  rested  the  defence  of 
hut  that  Lord  Clarendon  meant,  his  client.  He  had  asserted  that, 
as  he  had  the  power  to  do,  to  keep  supposing  Mr.  O'Brien  to  have- 
him  in  gaol  for  nine  montfas.  He  been  convicted,  and  that  an  at- 
thought  that  that  was  unconstitu-  tempt  had  been  made  to  break 
tional,  and  he  determined  to  resist  into  prison  and  rescue  him,  the 
arrest.  That  was  the  cause  of  all  persons  concerned  in  that  attempt 
that  followed.  But  that  was  not  would  have  been  guilty  of  a  high 
high  treason,  and  so  they  would  be  ofTence,  but  not  of  hjgfa  treason, 
told  from  the  Bench.  He  came  It  followed  from  that  much  more 
now  to  another  branch  of  the  case,  strongly,  that  an  endeavour  to  es- 
and  he  approached  it  with  alarm,  cape,  or  resbtance,  would  not  be 
The  revolution  strengthened  apace,  high  treason.  If  the  Jury  believed 
The  wild  and  ferocious  conduct  that  all  the  acts  of  Mr.  O'Brien 
pursued  by  the  arch-traitor  in  Kil-  were  done  to  escape  arrest,  and 
kenny  was  — ascending  a  round  not  in  pursuance  of  a  universal 
tower  and  coming  down  ^ain.  design,  his  acquittal  from  the 
Never  ^sin  should  be  look  upon  chai^  of  h^h  treason  would  fol- 
any  of  those  monuments  of  our  low  as  a  matter  of  course.  The 
ancient  faith  without  thinking  of  evidence  he  examined  yesterday 
the  Attorney' General  and  high  had  broi^ht  them  down  to  the 
treason.  He  now  came  to  the  !14th  transactions  at  Carrick-on-Suir. 
of  July.  All  the  speeches  that  The  next  place  to  which  the  course 
had  been  referred  to  up  to  that  of  evidence  brought  them  was  Mul- 
day  expressed  the  same  idea — that  linahone.  Here  it  was,  according 
the  people  would  not  let  him  (Mr.  to  the  statement  of  the  Attorney- 
O'Brien)  be  arrested  under  a  war-  General,  that  the  first  act  of  levy- 
rant  that  would  thrust  him  into  ing  war  against  the  Queen  had 
prison  and  allow  him  no  trial,  been  committed  on  July  35.  Up 
He  admitted  that  Mr.  O'Brien  did  to  that  time  nothing  bad  been  done 


426       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848.   • 

vfaich  coald  at  sU  inculpate  his  cancies  would  be  filled  bj  rriatr- 
olient — not  one  of  his  acts  at  En-  men."  That  was  no  high  troason; 
niacorthj,  Callan,  orCarrick,  oould  forfromit — and  a  tu^pj  daj  woaU 
be  coDBtmed  in  anj  wajr  into  high  it  be  lor  Ireland  when  that  time 
treason.  No  particular  thing  was  arrived.  Sullivan,  another  (tit- 
explained  by  the  speeches  alireadj  nese,  repeated  the  aentiment  in 
proved  in  evidence ;  tb^  WNe  another  form.  According  to  him 
vague  general  declamations ;  but  it  naa,  that  "  Iristmten  sboold  fiU 
the  jurj  would  obeerve  that  in  their  situations  as  well  aa  Boyish' 
every  one  of  them  it  vras  stated  men."  Well,  that  was  not  trea- 
that  Mr.  O'Brien  was  appr«Jien-  son.  It  wasasentimeDt  in  which 
sive  of  arrest.  The  wttuesses  pro-  he  was  sure  the  Attomeiy-OeQeral 
duced  were  all  policemen— not  one  would  moet  cordially  agree.  No- 
was  an  inhabitant  of  the  town,  thing  here  was  said  abont  a  re- 
The  evidence  as  to  what  occurred  public— nothing  about  England — 
on  the  S5th  of  July  cousisted  of  nothing  against  the  connexion  d 
two  parts;  first,  as  to  amandiing  the  two  countries,  except  aa  Mr. 
of  men  in  the  town ;  and  next,  as  O'Brien  had  always  looked  npm 
to  the  visit  to  the  police  barrack,  the  question — not  one  word  of  any 
It  was  remarkable  Uiat  the  priest  subject  but  of  his  arreat,  whi^ 
who  spoke  to  Mr.  O'Brien  in  the  was  the  one  topic  of  all  bi* 
street  bad  not  been  produced,  speeches,  and  of  all  his  tfaoughls. 
'Everywhere  the  chapel  bells  were  There  were  armed  people  abont 
lung,  but  they  did  not  appear  to  Wright's,  where  Mr.  O'Brien 
awake  the  priests,  for  not  one  of  stopped  for  the  night— he  admitted 
those  gentlemen  was  called  on  the  it;  they  were  there  to  defend  him 
table.  The  police  were  polled,  &om  arrest.  Wherever  they  turned 
one  after  another,  to  report  words  the  jniy  would  find  the  same  idea 
long  after  they  bad  been  uttered,  prominent  in  Mr.  O'Brien's  mind. 
As  to  the  visit  to  the  barracks,  and  pervading  all  his  acts.  The 
Gonstabte  Williams  swore  he  saw  prisoner  went  to  the  police-bar^ 
Mr.  O'Brien  in  Uullinahone  at  racks — the  Attorney -CreDeral  says 
five  o'clock,  when  the  rebellion  be-  he  was  bent  on  a  revolution.  The 
Bon,  according  to  the  statement  of  man  who  was  actuated  by  sadt  a 
Mr.  Attorney-General.  He  was  design  should  be  bold,  daring,  and 
Burrounded  by  30  persons  at  the  resolute;  he  could  not  revtdutionise 
time,  which  swelled  to  200  at  a  country  by  means  of  politeness 
night.  Mr.  O'Brien  addressed  sndcivil3peeches;batMr. O'Brien 
them.  He  told  them  he  feared  visited  the  police  barracks,  armed 
he  would  be  arrested,  and  if  taken  with  a  spear,  and  accompanied  by 
he  would  be  hung — that  he  did  not  two  men  with  guns  ;  while  outside, 
wish  to  shoot  a  policeman — (very  according  to  Uie  evidence  of  the 
creditably  to  himself) — and  that  Crown,  was  assembled  a  large  mnl- 
there  would  be  another  form  of  titude  ready  to  do  his  behests; 
government  in  six  weeks.  With  made  a  request  that  tiie  police 
respect  to  the  lost  remark,  let  the  would  give  up  dieir  arms,  was  re- 
jnry  be  careful  to  remark  that  it  fused,  and  in  two  minutes  after 
was  not  inserted  in  his  first  in-  left  the  house,  promising  that  he 
fbrma^on.  His  client  was  further  would  return  in  an  hour  and  take 
stated  to  have  said  that  "all  vo-  them.     The    Crown    proved    his 


STATE    TRIALS. 


427 


alleged  that  be  had  the  design  siid 
intention  to  effect  it — but  then, 
upon  their  own  shomng.  be  bad 
not  done  it,  having  boti)  the  means 
and  the  inclination.  On  the  evi- 
dence of  those  policemen,  it  ap- 
peared that  the  barrack  was  open 
at  the  time,  that  the  police  were 
unanned.  and  that  Mr.  O'Brien 
and  his  friends  were  fuUj  armed. 
But  they  used  no  violence;  they 
went  away  in  two  minutes.  This 
did  not  look  like  levying  war.  His 
client  had  a  cap  with  a  gold  band 
on  at  the  time  also ;  but  he  oould 
assure  the  juiT  that  they  might  all 
wear  cape,  and  even  put  gold  bands 
on  them,  if  they  liked,  and  yet  not 
he  euilty  of  high  treason.  The 
whole  levying  of  war  lasted  ex- 
actly two  minutes — this  daring  at- 
tempt to  deprive  Queen  Victoria 
of  her  throne  was  condensed  in 
that  short  and  unimportant  space. 
With  respect  to  the  alleged  spear, 
it  did  not  appear  whether  it  might 
not  have  been  a  mere  walkmg 
stick,  and  it  was  proved  ho  carried 
it  in  his  left  hand  (for  action  per- 
haps) with  the  steel  spike  to  the 
ground.  The  cap  he  wore  had  a 
gold  band.  If  that  were  treason. 
Sir.  OConnell  had  committed  it 
often  indeed,  for  he  generally  wore 
just  soch  another,  and  some  people 
had  believed  that  eventually  he 
would  have  been  crowned  in  it. 
Next,  one  of  these  witnesses  spoke 
of  a  militaiy  sash  worn  by  one  of 
the  gentlemen,  but,  on  cross-exa- 
mination, it  appeared  this  formid- 
able sash  was  nothing  more  nor  less 
than  a  Scotch  shawl.  The  police 
never  saw  Mr.  O'Brien  or  his  men 
again,  and  marched  off  quietly — 
the  rebel  army  being  dispersed. 
That  was  the  whole  case  at  Mul- 
linahone.    The  next  witness  said 


that  Mr.  O'Brien  went  in  a  car 
from  Mullinahone  towards  Ballin- 
garry ;  that  they  met  a  crowd,  but 
that  crowd  was  not  with  him.  Was 
that  a  fnot  of  conspiracy,  that  a 
crowd  of  people  should  go  out  to 
meet  a  popular  fevourite  ? — forsuch 
Mr.  O'Brien  was  at  that  time. 
Some  of  the  crowd  were  armed. 
Why?  He  would  press  it  on  the 
jury,  that  whenever  they  heard  of 
armed  men,  it  was  whenever  they 
were  necessaiy  to  protect  Mr. 
O'Brien.  Well,  Mr.  O'Brien  ad- 
dressed the  crowd,  and  what  did 
be  say?  He  said  there  was  a  war- 
rant against  him,  and  he  asked  the 
people  to  protect  him  from  arrest. 
That  was  his  speech  at  Ennis- 
corthy.  It  might  have  been  ste- 
reotyped— it  was  his  one  speech, 
his  one  idea  from  the  first  to  the 
last.  It  was  said  that  he  had 
twenty  persons  walking  before  the 
house  where  be  slept  that  night. 
In  all  their  historian  reading  did 
they  ever  hear  of  a  person  em- 
barked in  treason  going  about  say- 
ing to  the  people,  "  I  do  not  want 
you ;  I  want  but  twenty  as  a  guard 
to-night?"  What  did  that  prove? 
That  Mr.  O'Brien  wanted  a  body- 
guard to  save  him  from  arrest,  hut 
not  an  armed  force  for  any  other 
purpose.  As  to  the  drilling,  two 
witnesses  swore  tihat  it  occurred  ia 
different  places ;  the  third  that  he 
did  not  see  it  at  all.  To  that  mo- 
ment no  act  was  done — no  levying 
of  war— no  determination  of  hos- 
tility to  the  Queen — no  subversion 
of  her  authority — no  molestation 
of  human  being-— no  injury  to  pro- 

Jier^.  They  now  came  to  EJI- 
enaule.  The  Attorney-General 
had  said  that,  up  to  that  time, 
there  was  nothing  in  Mr.  O'Brien 'b 
conduct  amounting  to  high  treason, 
but  that  the  rest  of  the  foots  would 
prove  the  charge.    He  agreed  with 


428       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

the  Attorney- General ;  he  had  hod  not  Immediatelj,  the  bairi- 
made  it  clear  to  demonstratioa  cades  were  removed,  and  hia  troop 
that,  up  to  that  day,  Mr,  O'Brien  was  conducted  with  every  courtesy 
had  committed  no  act  that  amount-  through  the  town.  The  charg« 
ed  to  the  crime  of  high  treason,  waa  that  Mr.  O'Brien  made  war 
The  case  of  the  Attorney- Oenend  against  the  Qneen.  It  was  stated 
was  inexplicable —it  was  that  of  in  the  books  that  that  was  to  at- 
an  armed  force  marchiog  Bsainst  tack  her  troops.  That  was  what 
the  Queen ;  and  yet  he  had  now  Frost  did.  What  did  the  people 
arrived  at  the  evening  of  the  3Ttb  in  this  case?  They  said  to  tbe 
of  July,  and  what  evidence  was  troops,  "  We  are  not  making  war 
there  of  the  marching  against  the  ^ainat  the  Queeu.  We  do  not 
Queen?  Where  was  the  anny?  wish  to  subvert  her  authority,  bat 
Gone.  Where  was  the  body-guard?  our  desire  is  to  prevent  Mr. 
Dispersed.  Where  vras  the  leader  CBrien'a  arrest.  Have  yon  any 
of  the  revolution?  He  went  on  a  warrant  for  that  purpose?"  J4oi 
car  to  an  hotel  at  Killenaule,  where  a  trigger  was  polled ;  not  a  stone 
he  slept  for  the  night,  and  went  was  thrown.  The  troops  mardied 
away  in  the  morning  towards  the  through  the  town,  and  yet  it  was 
verge  of  the  collienes,  where  he  said  ^t  that  vras  evidence  of  high 
knew  there  would  be  most  diffi-  treason.  The  criminal  law  pre- 
cnlty  in  arresting  him.  It  was  sented  no  case  for  high  treason 
utterly  and  morally  impossible  to  like  this.  He  denied  not  that  Mr. 
impnte  guilt  to  Mr.  O'Brien  from  O'Brien  might  have  been  indicted 
mkt  had  passed.  It  was  true  that  for  riot  and  a  misdemeauoor,  but 
barricades  were  erected.  Did  Mr.  his  argument  rested  upon  this — 
O'Bnen  order  them?  He  spoke  that  the  Queen — with  reverence  to 
not  a  word.  He  was  standing  at  her  name — was  just  as  safe  when 
the  door  of  the  hotel  at  the  time,  that  barricade  was  up  as  when  it 
The  people  saw  two  officers  pasa  was  taken  down,  and  that  that  a^ 
through  the  town ;  they  thought  a  tempt  to  preserve  Mr.  O'Brien 
force  vras  coming  to  arrest  Mr.  from  a  fancied  insult  was  the  na- 
O'Brien;  they  vrished  to  protect  tural  cause  of  that  unexpected 
him,  and  they  erected  the  barri-  movement,  and  nothing  else.  No- 
cades.  But,  said  the  Attorney-  body  was  hurt ;  not  a  shot  was 
General,  that  was  high  treason.-  Sred :  and  yet  that  is  called  irre- 
He  denied  it.  He  denied  that  fragable  evidence  of  levying  war 
Buch  an  act,  done  under  the  im-  gainst  the  Queen — the  Queen  ef 
pulse  of  the  moment,  was  high  England!  Defend  them  from  con- 
treason.  Guilty  intention  there  structive  treason !  Not  a  thought 
was  none ;  there  was  a  partial  and  had  ever  crossed  the  breast  of  Mr 
personal  object  only,  and  that  took  O'Brien  against  the  Just  authority 
the  case  out  of  the  law  of  high  ordignityof  the  Queen  of  England. 
treason.  But  as  to  the  barricades.  In  the  most  elicited  speech  he 
Captain  Longmore  was  called,  and,  ever  made  not  one  word  had  he 
like  a  man  of  honour  and  a  gentle-  uttered  against  her  venerated  name, 
man,  uttered  not  a  word  at  variance  not  one  word  of  disrespect  to  the 
with  the  truth.  A  person  asked  Sovereign,  whom  it  was  impossible 
him  if  he  had  a  warrant  to  arrest  for  any  person  of  chivalrous  feel- 
Mr.  O'Brien.     He  answered,  be  ing  not  to  admire  and  love — there 


STATETRIALS.  429 

was  not  one  hint  of  it  thst  even  Tmot.    In  that  tnuuaction  they 

the  imagioatioD  of  the  police  could  had  the  witneBses  Trant,  Mahony, 

discover.      He  arrived  next  at  the  Moian,  Robinson,  Ford,  and  M'Do- 

evidence   of  Lamphier,  the  clerk  nough.      Trant  admitted  that  he 

at  the  collieries.    He  had  arrived  went  to  arrest  Ur.  O'Brien,  and 

at  the  36th  of  July.     Lamphier  Mr.  Cox  admitted  it  also,  for  he 

said  that  in  the  morning  he  heard  said    that  the  GOOI.    had  slipped 

Mr.  O'Brien  say  there  was  a  war-  through  their  fingera,  and,  as  he 

rant  out  for  his  arrest,  and  Mr.  said  before,  that  the  one  otgect  of 

Dillon  said  they  had  a  common  Mr.  O'Brien  was  to  prevent  arrest, 

olject,  and  that,  if  they  would  pro-  Trant  set  ont  with  forty-six  men, 

tect  him,  Ireland  would  be  free  in  and  stated  that  on  hia  way  to  Ballin- 

six  months.     Another  speaker  said  garty  be  saw  a  number  of  people 

she  would  be  free  in  a  fortnight,  assembled  and  heard  shrill  whist- 

and  Mr.  O'Brien  asked  for  SOO  or  ling.    But  there  was  no  evidence 

300  men  to  protect  him.     The  to  show  that  Mr.  O'Brien  had  any 

idea  of  arrest  was  the  one  upon  connexion   with,    or  control   over 

hia  mind.     The  witness,   on    bis  these  persons— they  were  not  with 

cross-ezaminadon,   said   that   Mr.  him— they  were  people  from  a  dis- 

O'Brien  appeared  to  him    to  be  tance,  and  there  was  no  proof  of  a 

afraid  of  arrest.     He  stated  that  conspiracy  or  combination.      He 

Mr.  O'Brien  said  he  wished  Ire-  had  great  respect  for  Mr.  Trant, 

land  to  be  free.      Was  that  trea-  but  he  believed  the  whole  of  his 

son?     He  (Mr.  Whiteside)  wished  military  glory  rested  on  his  achieve- 

Ireland  to  be  free — free  in  thought  menta  that  day,  and,  as  he  was 

and  mind — free  and  independent  told.Mr.Trantdrewupadespatch, 

in  action.     That  was  a  universal  wherein  be  described  them,  which 

and  patriotic  feeling;  but  in  cases  rivalled  the  finest  that  was  to  be 

of  life  and  death— of  high  treason,  found  in  Ouneood't  Detpatchtt  of 

was  that  (o  be  evidence  against  the  THike  of  Wellington,  and  was 

any    man.      Had    Mr.    O'Brien's  nicely   pre&ced   with    a    poetical 

purposebeengeneralwarfare, would  quotation.     The  next  thing  Trant 

he  not  have  asked  for  the  powder  did  when  he  saw  the  people  was 

that  was  at  the  collieries?    Did  to  run  off  to  a  store-bouse.     If  he 

he  do  so  ?    No.    All  be  asked  for  hod  imitated  the  conduct  of  In- 

was  materials  to  form  a  barricade  spector  Cox,   and   had    advanced 

to  obstruct  the  party  sent  to  arrest  steadily  up  the  hill  with  his  men, 

him.      He  asked  for  the  key  of  an  in  all  probability  this  fatal  affair 

emp^  barrack  and  the  loan  of  a  never  would  have  occurred  at  all. 

Soy.     The  witness  said  he  told  As  he  was  running  a  shot  was 

r.  O'Brien  he  could  not  let  him  fired,  but  no  one  was  bit     The 

have  them,  for  they  belonged  to  crowd  was  at  this  time  on  every 

the  company — that   Mr.   O'Brien  side  of  his  men,  but  they  did  not 

admitted  the  justness  of  his  reason,  destroy  them.     Trant's    aide-de- 

and  went  off.   Had  hia  object  been  camp  swore  two  ehots  had  been 

revolutionary,  and  had  he  wanted  fired.     They  got  into  the  house, 

the  barrack  for  his  men.  as  the  Then    commenced    that   conflict 

Attorney-General  stated,  what  was  wherein  it  did  not  appear  which 

there  to  prevent  him  taking  it  by  party  fired  first     He  at  least  had 

force  ?    But  he  now  came  to  Mr.  hia  doubts  on  the  sulgect.    Then 


430        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

oatne  an  unarmed  man  lo  thn  win-  hia  client.  When  the  troops  vera 
dow,  and  Bud, ."  For  Ood's  sake,  in  hia  power  he  had  not  spilled  a 
let  OS  have  no  firing."  Did  that  drop  of  their  blood.  Carroll,  the 
look  like  a  malignant  desire  to  kill  next  witness,  depoeed  tliat  the  first 
the  police,  and  levy  war  against  words  used  by  Mr.  O'Briea,  when 
the  Queen?  Afterwards  Mr.  he  met  him,  were,  "  Are  yan  crane 
O'Brien  came  to  the  window,  and  to  arrest  me?"  This  was  tiie  pro- 
desired  to  speak  with  Inspector  ntinent  idea  which  ran  throng  «U 
Tnmt,  and  be  regretted  tiiat  the  his  acts  from  the  first  meeting  at 
latter  had  not  held  that  interriew;  Eoniaoorthy  to  the  nSra-j  at  Bon- 
for  if  he  had  spoken  to  him  like  a.  lagh  Common.  Whm  Curoll  an- 
sensible  man,  in  all  human  pro-  swered  "  No,"  this  man,  who  had 
babilitj  the  melancholy  cata-  used  the  ferocious  phrase  to  which 
strophe  wonld  not  have  taken  place,  he  had  so  often  alluded,  said  he 
He  had  not  done  so,  but  liaving  would  not  injoie  an  unarmed  ntta. 
gone  up  stairs  be  said  he  heard  a  Several  documents  had  been  given 
crash,  and  with  this  crash,  a  gens-  in  evidMice  i^ainst  the  prisoner. 
Tal  crash,  ha  met  every  question  One  of  these  was  the  letter  to  the 
put  to  him  as  to  the  actnal  attack  proprietors  of  the  collieries — it  was 
on  the  house  by  the  people.  The  no  more  than  a  threat  to  indsce 
firing  having  commenced,  lasted  the  owners  to  keep  the  mm  in 
more  than  an  hour,  according  to  employ.  As  to  the  letters  ibnod 
Mr.  Tiant;  but  the  people  did  not  -in  Mr.  OBrien's  portmanteau,  do 
^pear  after  it  had  continued  for  man  could  tell  how  they  ^t  there, 
half  an  hour.  When  this  aStii,  He  next  came  to  the  evidence  of 
which  the  AttOTnej-Oeneral  bo-  Dobbin,  which  he  had  reserved  to 
nesdy  characterized  as  a  "  row,"  the  last  because  he  thought  thai 
was  over,  it  wonid  have  required  up  to  this  time  no  act  of  treasea 
a  mioioscope  to  discover  any  in-  had  been  proved  against  his  cUeuL 
jury  to  the  house ;  there  were  no  Dobbin  oame  before  them  in  the 
marks  of  bullets,  no  stones.  But  charaater  of  a  spy.  The  jnir 
after  the  conflict  was  over  the  were  uot  to  believe  anything  be 
Oovemment  sent  down  a  police-  said  in  that  character,  unless  it 
man,  wbo  saw  what  General  Mecdo-  was  corroborated  by  other  eri- 
nald  could  not  see,  and  found  a  dence.  Dobbin  alleged  he  was  at 
child  about  the  house  playing  with  a  meeting  of  the  Confederation  al 
a  bullet,  and  two  bullet  marks  in-  which  certain  speeches  were  made, 
side  the  house.  Why  had  not  Mrs.  No  one  saw  Dobbin  there — no  ooo 
Connack  been  examined?  Why  eorroboiated  a  sii^le  word  of  what 
had  not  some  of  the  women  about  he  said  as  to  the  war  directory, 
the  bouse  been  colled  ?  He  next  80  for  from  his  having  attended 
would  come  to  the  words  "Slash  the  meetEng  as  the  representatiTe 
away,  bors,  and  slaughter  them  of  the  Bed  Hand  Club,  there  waa 
all."  [The  learned  counsel  here  no  such  club  in  existence  at  all. 
examined  the  evidence  of  the  no-  The  balloting  papers  had  bem 
lioenten,  and  pointed  out  the  dis-  proved  by  the  informer,  bat  by  no 
crepaneies  in  their  statements,  one  else ;  and  it  would  have  been 
upon  which  he  commented  in  very  easy  to  have  proved  a  hun- 
strong  terms.]  It  was  monstrous  dred  papers  in  the  same  way. 
to  attribute  such  an  expressiou  to  But,  supposing  all  tiaa  were  true. 


S  T  A  T  E    T  R  I  A  L  S.  431 

Mr.  O'Brien  h&d  not  been  present  and  how  it  has  been  said  that  the 
at  the  meeting  for  the  election  of  impraclioable  politkaan  must  pe- 
the  war  directory  at  aU.  His  rish  at  laat.  If  he  had  been  a 
name  had  been  scratched  out,  hypocrite,  and  had  covered  his 
Father  Kenton  had  ei^t  votes,  selfishness  with  the  mask  of  pa- 
Mr.  O'Brien  had  not  one;  and  yet  tnodsm,— If  be  had  said  what  he 
be  was  to  be  made  responsible  for  did  not  believe,— if  he  had  unsaid 
that. proceeding !  "  Gentlemen,  I  to-morrow  what  he  had  said  to-day, 
have  spoken  to  this  case.  I  have  be  mi^t  have  been  a  patnotto 
gone  over  the  entire  evidence  placeman,  and  enjoyed  individual 
given  by  the  Crown  to  sustain  the  prosperity,  having  tnded  with  tact 
charge  against  the  prisoner,  and  it  for  a  time  upon  the  miseries  of 
is  for  you  to  say  whether  that  bis  country.  Wrong  he  may  have 
charge  is  established.  The  accu-  been  in  the  opinioiiB  he  baa  im- 
sation  against  him  is  for  h^h  bibed ;  yet  be  has  adhered  to  them 
treason — compassiog  the  death  of  steadily  and  consistently  throngh- 
the  Queen  by  levying  war  against  out  his  life,  and  he  suffers  now  for 
the  Queen  in  her  redm.  I  have  having  boneetly  maintained  them, 
explained  to  you  the  principles  believing  them  to  be  true.  Ha 
upon  which  this  crime  is  to  be  has  been  reviled,  caricatured,  and 
ascertained;  I  have  shown  yon  slandered  in  his  native  country 
that  appearing  in  arms  is  not  from  one  extremity  to  the  other-^ 
enough,  that  an  endeavour  to  he  has  been  hunted  as  a  txaitor, 
escape  from  arrest  is  not  enough,  and  covered  with  abuse,  and  where 
It  must  be  plain  to  yon  that  the  is  be  to  look  for  justice?  Where 
prisoner  is  guilty  of  the  cbai^  can  be  his  hope  for  a  temperate 
contained  in  this  indictment  be-  consideration  m  his  whole  pimtical 
fore  you  can  convict  him.  Gen-  life,  but  where  the  law  has  placed 
tlemen.  I  have  observed  upon  tbe  his  safety, — in  the  honour,  die- 
evidence,  and  I  simply  submit  to  cemment,  and  humanity  of  a  jury 
you,  in  conclusion,  that  however  of  bis  countrymen  7 — a  rampart  at 
you  may  condemn  certain  acts  of  defence  to  stand  between  the 
Mr.  O'Brien,  however  equivocal  Crown  and  tbe  prisoner.  If  the 
yon  may  think  some  observations  crime  consisting  in  the  intention 
made  by  him  in  one  letter  are,  ot  tbe  soul  is  not  sufficiently 
yet,  if  you  believe  that  his  offence  established,  judges  must  be  tm- 
lalls  wort  of  tbe  tremendous  bending,  but  jurors  may  yield  to 
crime  of  treason,  you  are  bound  the  frailUes  of  human  nature, 
by  the  solemn  duty  you  have  un-  Jurors  may  throw  the  broad  shield 
derlaken,  irrespective  of  every  of  tlieir  protectioa  around  tbe 
consequence,  to  acquit  the  pri-  accused,  whose  intention  they  can 
soner.  Well  I  know  the  weighty  believe  to  have  been  innocent, 
difficulties  I  have  to  encounter,  censurable  though  bis  conduct 
and  how  incompetent  my  feeble  may  have  been.  Such  is  the  high 
powers  have  been  to  grapple  with  offioe  assigned  to  you  b^  the  con- 
and  overcome  them.  Well  do  I  Btitntion,  whose  foundations  were 
know  how  prejudice  has  blocked  laid  in  the  deepest  wisdom,  which 
up  the  avenues  to  the  under-  through  a  succession  of  ages  has 
standing  of  some, — how  calumny  been  cemented  by  tbe  patriot's 
has  done  ita  work  with  others, —  blood  and  consecrated  in  tne  mar- 


432        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

tyr's  fire.  It  is  for  you  to  say  sond  him  to  the  scaffold,  Ihey  miut 
whether  his  guilt  is  established  Btniggle  on  hereafter  vith  broken 
oonclnsiTely  or  not.  The  law  of  heorla  through  a  cbeeiieas  exist- 
your  country— wise,  just,  and  mer-  ence,  labouring  in  sorrow  for  him 
ciful — has  declared  that  if  there  they  loved.  A  venerable  lady, 
be  a  doubt  that  doubt  must  be  whose  life  has  been  spent  amidst 
^ven  in  &Tour  of  the  prisoner —  an  sfTectionate  tenantry,  who  has 
in  fsTour  of  him  whose  life  is  lamhed  her  fortune  and  dispensed 
sought  to  be  affected ;  and  there-  bleraings  and  charities  around  her, 
fore,  yielding  to  those  beoign  prin-  awaits  with  trembling  heart  yoor 
ciples  and  t£ose  generous  impulses  verdict.  If  your  verdict  conngns 
of  your  -  hearts,  it  is  for  you  to  her  beloved  son  to  the  grave,  that 
stand  between  die  prisoner  and  heart  will  quickly  beat  no  more, 
his  grave.  Review  his  life.  A  Six  innocent  children  await  to  be 
love  of  his  country  he  imbibed  informed  whether  they  are  to  be 
from  hia  mother's  breast.  It  was  stripped  of  the  inheritance  which 
strengthened  by  his  fitther's  ex-  has  descended  in  their  family  for 
ample,  perhaps,  to  a  dangerous  ages,  and  driven  b^sars  and 
excess.  His  father  recounted  to  fatherless  upon  the  world  through 
him  how  on  the  last  memorable  the  rigorous  enactments  of  a  crm 
nightof  our  national  independence  law — whether  they  are  to  be  le- 
he  had  heard  the  burning  words  of  stored  to  peace  and  joy,  or  plunged 
Grattan,  of  Plunket,  and  of  Bushe ;  into  the  uttermost  depths  of  black 
how  he  had  been  persuaded  by  the  despair.  There  is  another  who 
gravity  of  their  arguments,  trans-  still  clings  to  hope — that  hope, 
ported  by  their  eloquence,  and  in-  may  it  be  blessed  in  yon !  Her 
named  by  their  pstriotic  ardonr.  heart's  blood  she  would  gladly 
Those  lessons  taught  by  his  jiarent  give  to  save  the  object  of  her 
he  haa  never  forgotten ;  and  be-  youthful  aETectione.  You  will  not 
lieviag  that  the  Union  was  carried  send  her,  unless  at  the  command 
by  corruption,  he  struggled  for  its  of  conscience,  to  an  untimely 
repeal  and  to  restore  to  Ireland  i(a  grave.  Yet,  even  in  this  case  of 
Farliameatary  existence.  In  that  blood,  I  do  not  ask  for  pity  in  a 
has  been  the  labour  of  his  life— a  vrailing  spirit;  I  ask  it  in  the 
delusion,  I  admit ;  but  ia  not  death  spirit  of  a  free  constitution,  in  ac- 
upon  the  scaffold  a  terrible  punish-  cordance  with  the  rooted  principles 
ment  for  believing  that  Irishmen  of  our  common  law.  Those  prio- 
have  the  capacity  and  intellect  to  ciples  ought  to  shine  out  in  glorious 
rule  the  aSairs  of  their  native  perfection  in  this  great  cause  be- 
coimtry?  Would  to  God  that  Mr.  tween  the  prisoner  and  the  Crown ; 
Smith  O'Brien  were  my  only  and  a  verdict  in  accordance  with 
client  1  The  happiness  of  an  ho-  them  is  not  a  triumph  over  the 
nourable,  ancient,  and  loyal  family  law,  but  a  triumph  of  the  law.  If, 
is  at  stake  this  day.  The  church,  however,  you  shall  convict  my 
the  bar,  the  senate,  furnish  mem-  client,  neither  will  I  nor  will  he 
bers  nearly  and  dearly  related  to  censure  that  conviction.  I  trust 
the  prisoner.  They  may  differ  he  will  meet  bis  &te  with  the 
from  him  in  politics,  but  they  are  faith  of  a  Christian  and  the  firm- 
here  to  give  him  consolation  on  ness  of  a  man.  The  last  accents 
this  meUnoholy  day.     Should  you  of  his  lips  will  breathe  a  prayer 


S  T  A  T  E  T  R  I  A  L  S.                  433 

for  Ireland's  happinesa  and  Ire-  Smith  O'Brien.    That  was  on  the 

land's  constitutional  freedom ;  and  S2nd  of  July.     It  could  not  hare 

in    that   moment  of  his  mortal  been  true  at  the  time  that  a  war- 

tgpjij   he   will   be   consoled   if,  rant  was  issued  for  Mr.  O'Brien's 

through    his   sufferings   and  his  arrest,  as  the  Act  had  not  passed  at 

sacrifices,  some  sjatem  of  govern-  the  time. 

ment  shall  arise  such  as  I  aver  Mr.  Maher  eKamined. — Was  a 
has  never  yet  existed — wise,  im-  deputy-lieutenant  of  the  county  of 
partial,  comprehensive,  and,  above  Wexford,  and  had  been  member 
all,  which  may  conduct  to  wealth,  lor  that  county.      Had   been  ac- 
prosperity,    and    greatness    the  quaintod  with  Mr.  William  Smith 
country  be  has  loved,  not  wisely,  O'Brien  for  many  years.    On  the 
perhaps,  but  too  well.     Our  Sove-  29nd  of  July  Mr.  O'Brien  came  to 
reign,  in  that  oath  wherewith  she  him  at  Enniscortby  in  pursuance 
seeds    her    compact  with  a    Iree  of  a  long-sent  inviUitiou.     Went 
people,  promises  to  exercise  in  all  home  in  his  carriage  with  him. 
her  judgments  justice  in  mercy.  On  the  following  morning,  at  eight 
That  justice  you  administer ;  no  re-  o'clock,  Mr.  O'Brien  sent  to  him, 
morseless,  cruel,  sanguinaiy  code,  and  stud  he  wanted  to  see  him. 
hut  justice  in  mercy.     In  nothing  The  Attorney- General  objected 
can    frail    mortals    approach    so  to  what  passed  between  the  uit- 
nearly  to  the  attributes  of  the  Al*  ness  and  Mr.  O'Brien  being  given 
mighty  as  in  the  administration  of  as  evidence, 
justice  here  below.    Divine  justice  Mr.  Fit^erald  contended  that 
will  be  tempered  with  mercy,  or  it  was  evidence  of  intent 
dismal    will   be   our    fate.      The  Mr.  O'Brien  abruptly  demanded 
awful  issues  of  life  and  death  are  that  it  should  be  received, 
now  in  your  hands.    Do  justice  in  The    Attorney-General    waived 
mercy.     The  Ust  faint  murmurs  his  objection, 
on  your  quivering  lips  vcill  be  for  This  scene  produced  much  ex- 
mercy  ere  the  immortal  spirit  shall  citement  in  the  court, 
take  its  flight  to,  I  trust,  a  better  Examination    continued. — Had 
and  H  brighter  world."  been  acquainted  with  Mr.  O'Brien 

Mr.  W.  Hammill,  Secretary  to  since  J  835.     Believed  him  to  be 

the  Irish  Confederation,  and  Dr.  most    decidedly   atlacbed    to   the 

Gray,  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Queen  and  the  conatitution.     Two 

Freeman'*  JWmoJ,  were  examined  gentlemen  came  to  his  house  on 

as  to  the  general  character  of  Mr.  the  Sunday.    His  servant  came  to 

O'Brien's  sentiments.     The  latter,  his   room  and    said   Mr    O'Brien 

in  his  cross-examination,  said  he  wished  to  speak  to  him.     He  went 

recollected  a  telegraphic  despatch  tohimin  his  roomand  Mr.  O'Brien 

having  been  received  from  their  said,  "  You  have  two  other  guests 

London  agent,  in  which  it  was  in  the  house  for  whom  I  think  you 

stated   that   Lord  John   Russell  are  not  prepared.    Meagher  and 

would  apply  to  Parliament  for  the  Dillon  arrived  this  morning,  and 

suspension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  bring  the  news  of  the  Habeas  Cor- 

Act.     An  announcement  to  that  pus  Suspension  Act,  and  that  a 

efTect  had  been  hung  outside  the  warrant  for  my  arrest  has  been  is- 

office,  with  the  addition  that  a  war-  sued,  which  they  think  may  have 

rant  was  out  for  the  arrest  of  Mr.  probably  come  over  by  the  mail." 

Vol,  XO.  8  F 


434       ANNUAL    REGIST  EK,  1848. 

Andheth€nsaid,"U7dearMalier,  tacbed  to  tke  conXitntHm,  and  a 
I  did  not  come  to  jour  house  to  dis-  friend  to  eoci&l  order, 
torb  its  peace,  I  do  not  ivish  that  The  rulee  of  the  '83  GLab  (one  at 
any  arreet  should  take  place  in  which  was  (hat  all  the  members 
your  house.  Send  for  a  cor  that  we  should  have  a  uniform^  and  ot  th« 
may  go  towards  Kilkenny,  where  I  Irish  League  wen  glTen  in  en- 
have  some  friends  I  should  like  to  dence. 

consult    in    this  case."    Witness  Mr.  Redington's  note  to  Hr.  W. 

told  him  be  would  send  them  to  5.  O'Brien,  with  respect  to  his  port- 

Enniscorthy  in  his  carriage,  and  mantean,  was  given  in  evidence, 

have  a  car  there  ready  to  forward  Mi^or-General  Sir  W.  Na[aerr 

them  on  their  arrival.   Theyhreak-  examined  by  Sir  C.  OXof^hlen. — 

fasted  and  left  in  an  hour.  Is  a  Major-General  in  Her  U*- 

Mr.  Coulter,  a  reporter  of  the  jesty's  service,  and  is  the  hietorisB 
Frteman'i  Journal,  and  Mr,  Bar-  of  the  Peninsular  War.  Recollects 
rot,  the  editor  of  the  Pilot  news-  the  years  1831  and  1833.  Reool- 
paper,  believed  Mr.  O'Brien  was  lected  when  the  Reform  agitation 
attached  to  the  Queen  and  consti-  wasgoiugon.andwhenthe  Bill  was 
tution.and,  ifhehadeverexpressed  thrown  out  in  the  Houae  of  Lords, 
a  contrary  sentiment,  witness  be-  Sir  0.  O'Logblen :  Do  yon  re- 
lieved he  should  have  heard  of  it.  collect  having  received  a  oertatn 

Sir  David  Roche,  formerly  M, P.  letter  a  short  time  sitar  that  pe- 

for  Limerick.     Had    known   Mr.  nod? — I  received  many  letters  at 

O'Brien  eighteen  or  twenty  years,  that  time.    I  know  Mr.  Young. 

Was  a  grand  juror.     Frequently  Did  yon  receive  any  oommnni- 

oonversed  with  him,  and  was  quite  cation  from  Mr.  Young  from  the 

sure   Mr.  O'Brien    never   enter-  Home  Office? — I  did. 

tained  any  views  against  the  Queen.  Have  yon  any  letter  from  that 

As  to  the   constitution,  if   they  gentleman? — I  have, 

meant  the  union,  he  knew  Mr.  The  Attorney- General  objected 

O'Brien  was  opposed   to   it,   snd  to  any  statement  as  to  the  oontents 

that  he  wished  for  the  restoration  of  that  letter.     They  oonld  know 

of  the  Parliament  of  his  country,  nothing  at  all  about  it. 

fie  had  nerer  heard  him  express  The   Coort    refused  to   permit 

any  opinion  in  &vour  of  a  repnb-  this  letter  to  be  read  in  evidence, 

lie.    He  believed  him  to  be  a  very  _  . ,       --,     i     «  . 

determined  man  in  expressing  his  Fnday,  October  6tA. 

own  opinions.     Had  never  heard  lUr.  Fitzgerald  opened  bis  ie- 

him  speak  disrespectfully  of  Roy-  fence  of  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  necea- 

alty.    He  thought  Mr.  O'Brien  con-  sarily  went  over  the  same  ground 

sideredhehadarighttoconstitulion-  as  Mr.  Whiteside.    After  allnd- 

ally  agitate  the  country  to  prodoce  ing  to  the  fearful  respimsilMtitj 

a  ch^ige  which  he  thought  right,  which    rested    on    himself,    ttM 

Mr.  Massey,  a  grand  juror,  Sir  learned   counsel   said   thai   that 

Denham  Norreys.  M.P..  Mr.  Fitz-  was  as   nothing  when  oompared 

gerald,  a  grand  juror,  Hon.  Cor-  with  that  which  rested  on  the  joiy. 

nelius    O'Callaghan,    one   of    the  He  entreated  the  jury  to  dismiss 

grand  jurors  who  found  the  bill  from   their  minds  the  idea  with 

against  the  prisoner,  deposed  to  which  they  had  no  doubt  come 

their  beUef  that  prisoner  was  at-  there— that  for  some  puipoees,  le- 


STATE  TRIALS.  435 

gal  or  illegal,  there  had  been  armed  guarded  feeling  could  hare  infln- 
Bsaemblages  of  people.  The  At-  enced  the  nund  it  crossed  for  even 
tomey-Oenenil  told  them  the  acts  onemoment?  B/theindictmenthis 
he  attribated  to  Mr.  O'Brien,  as  a  client  stood  charged  with  tno  kinds 
leyyof  war,  were  not  attended  with  of  treason — namsly,  the  levy  of 
the  pomp  aai  ciroamstance  of  war.  war,  and  the  compassing  the  death 
He  had  not  proved  them  to  be  bo,  of  the  Queen.  The  questions, 
and  so  far  what  might  otherwise  therefore,  for  the  jnij  to  consider 
have  worked  on  the  jury's  fancies  were,  if  he  levied  the  war  against 
was  removed ;  but  had  there  been  the  Queen,  and  if  he  conspired  to 
no  levy  of  war?  Had  not  their  levy  it.  He  submitted,  subject  to 
fields  been  covered  with  encamp-  the  onthority  of  the  Court,  that  the 
ments,  their  towns  filled  with  Crown  had  failed  to  prove  the  pri- 
troops,  and  their  nightly  Ambers  soner  had  compassed  the  Queen's 
broken  by  the  rattk  of  artillery,  death.  They  had  adduced  no  eri- 
ond  had  they  not  connected  tiioee  dence  to  prove  it  whatever.  Here 
prepaiationB  in  their  own  minds  there  was  no  levy  of  war  hnt  by 
with  the  intent  imputed  to  his  conatmclion ;  no  overt  acta  were 
client?  Would  that  be  common  proved.  The  repeal  of  the  union 
justice?  And  yet  was  there  one  was  the  olgect  of  Mr.  O'Biien. 
gentleman  in  the  box  whose  fancy  It  was  to  be  carried  by  the  exhibi- 
and  feelings  were  nninfluenced  by  tion  of  the  national  will,  and  that 
those  mi^ty  preparations  ?  That  ooold  only  be  in  the  form  of  organ- 
would  be  to  assume  at  iba  very  ized  bodies.  The  Attomey-Oene- 
raoment  that  the  accused  stood  on  ral  said  that  one  of  the  speeches 
his  trial  that  he  was  guilty,  and  it  upon  which  the  diarge  wss  founded 
was  unheard-of  that  his  conviction  was  delivered  by  Mr.  O'Brien  in 
should  be  argued  and  assumed  March,  1848;  he  had  spoken  of 
while  he  was  actually  in  that  posi-  a  prosecution  that  was  instituted 
tion.  He  was  not  going  to  ask  against  Mr.  O'Brien  for  that 
them  to  look  at  what  passed  about  very  speech,  but  he  had  not  told 
them,  but  he  had  a  right  to  ask  the  juiy  that  that  prosecution 
them  bow  their  minds  were  af-  fiulad.  The  Attorney- General 
fect«d.  He  had  a  ri^t  to  ask  spokeof  Mr.  03rien 'shaving gone 
tbem,  had  it  ever  crossed  Uieir  to  France  as  a  member  of  a  depu- 
minds  for  one  moment — had  it  tation  to  the  Provisional  Govera- 
erer  crossed  tbe  Andes  of  one  of  mf»it.  Of  that  foct  not  a  particle 
them,  that  they  had  not  been  doing  of  evidence  had  been  given;  and 
their  doty  if  they  did  not  convict?  the  very  speech  which  was  relied 
Had  the  fimcies  of  men  or  the  npon  as  showing  the  intention  ot 
weight  of  men's  opinions  so  far  in-  his  visit  clearly  proved  that  he  had 
fiuenced  them  that  the  thought  of  no  such  purpose  as  was  attributed 
being  pointed  out  as  one  of  the  dis-  to  him.  The  Attorney- General 
agreeing,  donbting,  or  acquitting  spoke  of  a  national  guard  being 
juiy,  had  for  a  moment  crossed  formed,  but  of  that  (act,  again,  he 
them?  Heknewwellifthatsugges-  gave  no  evidence.  The  clubs  were 
tion  came  before  them  openly  it  in  existence  so  long  ago  as  August, 
would  have  been  rejected  with  the  1647,  as  instruments  to  be  worked 
indignation  of  honourable  men ;  but  for  the  accomplishment  of  a  cer- 
who  could  tell  how  far  the  an-  tain  end — the  Repeal  of  the  Union. 

a  r  2        -  ■  ■ ,.-- 


436        ANNUAL    REGIST  ER,  1848. 

How  liad  all  great  chaogee  in  poll-  ej^eech  of  Mr.  O'Brien  prored  llist 
tic&l  matters  been  of  lata  con-  hia  intention  was  to  go  ihroodi 
ducUd  ?  How  had  Catholic  emaa-  the  coimti;  to  can;  out  that  d«- 
cipationbeengained?  Howhadthe  sign.  Could  they  belioTe  he  bad 
Befortn  Bill  been  carried?  How  tnj  other  object?  If,  then,  be 
bad  the  Com  Lawa  been  repealed?  separated  all  those  antecedent aicto 
All  bad  been  done  through  an  ex-  and  speeches,  which,  as  he  ceo- 
hibition  of  the  nadonal  will— the  tended,  proved  nothing  of  the 
will  of  the  people  who  expressed  present  chai^  against  his  client, 
it ;  and  that  could  be  done  in  no  then  the  remainder  prored  oolj 
other  way  than  in  the  nature  of  that  the  sole  intention  of  Mr. 
military  arrangements.  The  At-  O'Brien  was  to  eaTO  himself  from 
tomey-General  had  said  that  the  personal  arrest.  Did  not  every 
resolution  come  to  by  Mr.  O'Brien  act  he  had  done  disprove  the  aup- 
was  that  the  rising  shonld  take  position  that  his  purpoae  was  a 
placo  after  the  harvest,  and  that  general  rebellion?  Were  the  faar- 
the  evidence  would  prove  satis-  ricadesofapennanentdescription? 
bctorily  that  he  and  his  co-con-  Was  there  not  an  opportunity  for 
m>iiatora  had  gone  on  expeditions  a  collision  with  the  Queen's  tnwpB 
through  the  country  expressly  for  at  Killenaule?  But  what  oceorred? 
the  purpose  of  completing  the  When  the  officer  said  he  had  no 
arrangements  with  the  olubs  for  a  vrarrant  for  Mr.  O'Brien's  arrest, 
aimultaneoua  rising.  What  evi-  the  barricades  were  removed,  and 
dence  had  been  offered  of  these  the  troops  peaaed  throu^  witfaoot 
focts?  The  Attorney-General  then  molestation.  It  was  stated  that 
referred  to  two  meetings  of  the  at  Mullinobone  he  hod  demanded 
Confederation,  on  the  14th  and  the  arms  of  the  police.  If  he  did 
1 6th  of  July  last  Of  the  latter  so,  was  it  not  easily  accounted  for? 
meeting  it  was  true  that  Bobbin  He  wished  to  have  an  armed  body 
bad  spoken,  but  of  the  other  there  around  him,  to  protect  him  from 
was  no  evidence  at  all.  Doubtless,  arrest,  and  how  could  the  men  be 
in  the  speech  made  by  Mr.  O'Brien  armed  bat  by  procuring  aims? 
to  which  he  had  last  referred,  there  But  what  was  the  fact  as  proved  ? 
were  allusions  to  an  ultimate  ap-  That  when  the  arms  were  refused, 
poal.  Upon  what  was  that  founded  he  did  not  take  them  by  force;  he 
but  that  the  national  will  could  was  averse  to  the  shedding  of 
not  be  resisted  because  power  was  blood.  Was  that  consistent  with 
with  it?  He  did  not  say  that  that  the  purpose  alleged  by  the  At- 
was  right — he  did  not  say  that,  tomey-General?  He  came  now 
according  to  the  principles  of  the  to  the  transaction  at  BalUngarry. 
constitution,  that  could  be  main-  Was  it  an  unnataral  occurrence  ia 
tained ;  but  it  was  impossible  upon  this  country  ?  An  armed  body  waa 
that  to  convict  a  man  of  high  trea-  assembled  to  protect  Mr.  O'Brien 
son.  The  rules  of  the  League  bad  from  arrest ;  tiiey  saw  the  police- 
been  read,  showing  that  the  object  men  flying  from  them.  Could  Mr. 
of  that  association  was  to  obtain  O'Brien  restrain  their  ridence? 
the  legislative  independence  of  He  might  be  answerable  for  their 
Ireland  by  the  uiJioii  of  all  parties,  conduct,  but  he  was  not  answerable 
and  to  enlist  public  opinion  in  here.  How  did  Mr.  O'Brien  act? 
favour  of  that  purpose;  and  the  He  demanded   the  anna  of  the 


STATE  TRIALS.                 437 

police,  as  at    MuHinahone ;    bat  done— justice  his  client  asked;  to 

nnless  tbej  believed  the  witoeases  be  convicted,  if  he  were  convicted, 

who  gave  such  different  accounts  according  to  law,  and  if  not,  ti}  be 

of  the  nords  he  was  represented  to  pronounced  innocent.  Mr.  O'Brien 

have  uttered,  he  conld  have  been  stood  in  the  dock  before  them,  not 

no  party  to  the  firing  that  took  to  deny  what  he  had  done,  but 

place.    He  was  himself  between  to  deny  the  intent  attributed  to 

the  two^and,  unless  he  had  uttered  him.    The  intent,  and  that  alone, 

the  words  in  a  moment  of  passion,  was   the  question  on  which  they 

it  was  uttetiy  impossible  that  any  must  be  convinced    before    they 

man  in  his  senses  could  have  given  could  find  him  guilt;.     He  had 

that  order.    A  fter  observing  upon  already  told  them  that  the  question 

the  discrepancies  in  the  evidence  of  intent  was  perplexed  by  legal 

of  the  police  who  were  at  the  widow  distinctions.     In  the  consideradon 

M'Gormack's  house  at  the  time  of  of  thrae   distinctions  they  would 

theattack,  the  leamedcounselnext  have   the  aid  of  the   Court;    all 

referred  to  Mr.  O'Brien's  letter  to  that  wisdom,  discretion,  and  legal 

the  Mining  Company.     The  true  knowledge  could  do  would  be  done 

explanation  was   this: — a  reward  by  the  learned  judges  to  inform 

had  been  offered  for  Mr.  O'Brien's  them  on  all  questions  of  law.     Bnt 

arrest,  his  whole  reliance  was  on  the  matter  before  them  was  mani- 

tbe  persons  connected   with  the  festlyand  emphatically  one  for  the 

collieries,  and  his  desire  was  that  jury  rather  than  for  the  Bench, 

they  should  not  suffer  for  their  If  he  were  not  mistaken,  the  Court 

attachment  to  hia  person.    With  would  tell  them  that  the  difficulties 

that  view  be  wrote  that  letter ;  it  of  the  case   arose  from  judicial 

was  to  benefit  those  who  had  so  decisions  which  had  clouded  the 

geneninaly  devoted  themselves  to  simplicity  of  the  original  statute, 

his  protection.    There  was  another  and  after  all  the  ambiguity  and 

letter — the  letter  of  Mr.  Duffy  to  doubts  entertained,  which,  as  they 

hia  client.    He  admitted  that  Mr.  had  been   introduced   by  words, 

O'Brien  did  intend  revolution — a  could  be  but  explained  by  words, 

revolution  to  restore  to  this  country  on  their  conscience  must  rest  the 

the  constitution   of  1783 — to   be  peril  of  the  decision. 

effected  by  the  repeal  of  a  single  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  Black< 

Act  of  Parliament.     When  a  re-  burae. — William  Smith  O'Brien,  I 

volution  was  to  be  effected  there  bave  now  to  inform  you  that  if 

must  be  leaders,  but  if  they  did  you  mean  to  address  the  jury,  you 

not  proceed  &st  enon^,  the  more  are  now  at  liberty  to  do  so,  and 

violent  and  obstinate  of  their  fol-  that  you  cannot  be  heard  after  the 

lowera  would  take  the  lead,  and  Solicitoi^General  has  commenced 

bloodshed    ensue.      Mr.     Duffy  his  address  for  the  Crovm.    If  you 

tbongbt  that  Mr.  O'Brien  would  wish  to  consider  with  your  friends 

be  left  behind ;  he  therefore  wrote  whether  you  will  address  the  jui7 

that  letter  to  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  in  or  not,  we  will  retire  for  a  ^ort 

it  he  referred  to  the  instance  of  time,  and  on  our  return  you  can 

Labyette.     He  need  not  go  again  state  your  decision, 

over  the  ground  which  bad  been  Mr.  O'Brien.' — I  am  able  to  an- 

60  ably  reviewed  by  Mr.  White-  swer  the  question  at  once.    I  am 

side,  nor  need  he  appeal  to  their  quite  ready  to  leave  the  decision  of 

feelings  as  hia  learned  friend  had  my  case  to  the  jury  as  it  stands 


438       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

and  as  it  recta  on  the  arguments  and  aaeodationa  to  express  tbon 

qt  mj  counsel ;  and  I  have  only,  feelings  and  opinions  to  llu  poUie. 

in  conclusion,  to  thank  the  gentle-  Mr.  OBrien  was  an  ardent  Be- 

men  of  the  jury  for  the  patient  at-  pealer.    But  if,  aotoated  hj  prida, 

t«ntion   thej   have   given   to  the  pngudice,  zeal,  or  ambition,  *dj 

ailments  in  the  case.  person  should  exceed  the  hmiis  of 

The   Solicitor- Oeneral  replied,  the  law,  and    waa  betrajed  into 

on  the  part  of  the  Grown.    The  such  an  offence  as  that  with  vUdi 

case  which  had  undergone  so  much  the  prisoner  stood  charged,  it  «m 

aeriouB  and  deliberate   investigar  no  defence  to  produce  his  farmr 

tion  was  nearly  drawn  to  a  close,  oompanions     to    state    that   iIk 

and  the  duty  devolved  upon  him  opinions  he   had    previonslj  ei- 

of  making  some  ohservatioua  on  pressed   did   not    amount  to  tin 

the  whole  of  the  cose  as  it  ap-  crime  of  treason.     If  be  were  to 

peared  in  evidence.     After  making  be  found  guil^  on  the  evidnue, 

some  observatioDB  on  the  serious  such  opinions  coold  not  weigh  i 

oonsequenoes  of  the  duty  the  jniy  feather  in  the  scale.     Mr.  O'Biioi 

would  now  have  to  disdiarge,  the  was  charged  with  the  levy  of  *V. 

learned  gentleman  sud,  the  oounsel  His  leaned  friend  (Mr.  Fitige' 

for  the  prisoner  called  on  the  jury  raid)  had  told  the  jury  that  ttu 

for  a  just  and  impartial  verdict,  waa  an  artificial  crime.      He  did 

Surely   those    concerned   for    the  not  understand  what  that  meoL 

Orown  could  ask  them  for  nothing  The  charge   against  Ur.  O'Bna 

else.     In  the  case  before  them,  the  was  for  having  committed  the  pIsiB 

jury  must  feel  he  had  e  duty  to  definite  offence  of   high  tnwoi 

perform  very  different  from  that  under  the  statute  of  Edward  III- 

which  devolved  upon  the  gentle-  The  levy  of  war  under  that  slal»U 

men  concerned  for  the  prisoner  at  must  be  for  a  general  pnhlio  pi''' 

the  bar.     Evsiy  latitude  the  lavr  pose.     He  believed  the  speech  dfr 

could  by  pOBSibiJity  allow  they  were  ttvered  by  Mr.  O'Brien  at  the  Con- 

fairiy  entitled  to  avail  themselves  federadon  in  March,  1848,  to  U 

of,  in  order  to  accomphsh  the  ac-  most  important,  beoaose  it  clwnf 

quitlal  of  their  client.     His  duty  and  unambiguously  established  tlis 

was  dry,  and  ought  to  be  unim-  fact  that  a  change  had  come  oi«i 

passioned.     He  could  only  say  he  Mr.    O'Brien's   political    opiMM" 

would  do  his  duty  to  the  best  of  between   March  and  July-     "^^ 

his  ability,  and  that,  in  the  execu-  revolution  in  France,  which  1*^ 

tion  of  it,  he  would  be  obliged  to  subsequently    caused     ao     mi"^ 

occupy  a  considerable   portion  of  human  misery  and  so  much  M- 

their  time.    The  Solicitor-General  tionol  calamity,  had  warped  and 

then  commented  on  the  evidence,  influenced  the  minds  of  men  so  ftr 

point  by   point.     The    following  that  many  of  tJiMQ  were  led  to 

seems  noticeable  1 —  extremities    of    which    they  |W^ 

Mr.  O'Brien  .vos  charged  with  viously  would  have  entertained  M 

the  offence  ot  high  treason.     With  notion.     Mr.  OBrien  accoidinglj 

respect  to  the  evidence  adduced  of  seemed  at  that    time  to   look  W 

the  past  life  and  opinions  of  Mr.  measures  he  bod  not  before  coi>- 

O'Brien,  he  (the  Solicitor- General)  templated,  and  in  that  speech  hs 

was  not  there  to  deny  that  a  person  set  forth  the  means  by  which  b» 

might  avow  peenUor  political  opi-  sought  to  accomplish  his  objwt 

nions,  and  might  instiUite  clubs  The  Croira  did  not  proseoule  tht 


STATE  TRIALS.  488 

Bpeeoh  w  an  overt  act  of  treason,  argued  that  it  was  oureaBonable  to 
but tbejputitinevidencebecauseit  Buppoee  that  the  guard  of  20 
DaatlightoatbeinaarrectiaiiiiiJul;.  armed  persons  nhich  Mr.  O'Brien 
The  prisoner  threatened  the  land-  bad  around  bim  was  to  save  bim 
birds  with  confiscation  of  tbeir  pro-  from  arrest,  for  that  number  would 
pertv  to  the  national  treasury ;  he  have  been  insufficient  to  have  re> 
alluded  to  tbe  eatabliabment  of  an  aisled  the  strong  aim  of  the  law. 
Irish  national  guard,  an  Irish  Itwasthemookeiy  of  a  body-guard. 
finny,  and  an  Irish  Parliament,  Theymuat  also  observe  that,  at  the 
and  be  advised  the  people  to  fn^  time  themarobing  and  drilling  was 
temize  with  tbe  soldiera  and  po-  proved  to  have  taken  place,  no  war- 
lice.  In  these  and  all  other  similar  rant  had  been  issued  for  Mr. 
passagea  Mr.  O'Brien  seemed  dis-  O'Brien's  arrest.  But  did  tb^ 
tinotly  to  look  forward  to  a  revo-  ever  hear  of  such  a  thing  as  rais- 
lution  to  be  effected  by  force.  He  ing  barricades  and  having  a  large 
apoke  of  French  ud,  and  invoked  body  of  armed  men  to  resist  a  per- 
French  sympathy  in  ttieir  "  coming  sonal  arrest?  But  the  evidence 
•truggle,"  What  oonstructioii could  of  Pemberton,  the  engineer  of  tbe 
tbe  jury  put  on  these  words  hat  Mining  Company,  put  tbe  case  be- 
tbat  wtucb  they  bore  in  their  plain  yond  all  doubt.  That  witness, 
common  acceptation  7  The  Soli-  a  most  respectable  person,  bad 
citor-Oeneral  next  commented  on  spoken  to  a  conversation  which  be 
Mr.  O'Brien's  speech  on  bis  return  bad  bad  with  Mr.  O'Brien  at  Ken- 
from  tfaat  mission,  on  the  letter  rick's  Cross,  on  tbe  morning  of  the 
&om  tbe  sympathisers  at  Phila-  ilSlh,  in  which  be  spoke  of  the 
delphia,  on  the  letter  &mai  in  people  in  other  parts  of  tbe  country 
Hr.O'Brien's  portmaateon — ontbe  being  ready  to  rise ;  tbatawarrant 
evidence  of  Dobbin  as  to  tbe  pro-  was  issued  for  bis  arrest,  and  that 
oeedion  at  the  Bed  Hand  Club,  if  he  were  taken  be  should  be 
It  had  been  contended  by  the  banged.  With  respect  to  tbe 
counsel  for  Mr.  O'Brien,  that  the  words  said  to  have  been  uUared  by 
olyeet  that  be  bad  in  view  was  bis  Mr.  O'Brien  at  the  widow  M'Cor- 
perwMial  safe^  from  arrest.  It  mack's  house,  of  "  slash  away,  boys, 
was  for  the  jury  to  say  whether  and  slaughter  them  oil,"  be  vras 
that  limited  purpose  was  the  ob-  willing  to  believe  that,  considering 
jeot  of  tbe  insorreotion,  or  whether  the  high  character,  mild  disposi- 
it  was  a  general  one.  It  was  for  tion,  and  the  education  of  tbe  pri- 
them  to  say  whether,  when  he  was  soner,  be  had  not  used  tbem — be 
at  Mr.  Maher's  house,  when  Mr.  believed  Mr.  O'Brien's  honour  was 
Dillon  and  Mr.  Meagher  arrived,  dear  to  him,  and  gave  credit  to  his 
he  and  his  friends  did  not  think  assertion,  and  that  the  words  bad 
that  the  crisis  bad  arrived,  that  the  proceeded  from  a  man  of  less  edu- 
timS  had  come  for  tbe  grand  insuP-  cation  and  humanity;  but  then 
reetion,  and  that  the  rallying  cry  Mr.  O'Brien  was  present  at  the 
shonld  be  the  personal  seoori^  of  time ;  be  was  the  head  of  the  party 
Mr.  .O'Brien,  beoausa  it  was  more  who  were  engaged  in  that  iatal 
exiting  from  the  popularity  of  that  conflict.  He  bad  gone  through  tbe 
gentleman.  The  learned  gentle-  facts  of  the  ease,  and  it  would  be 
-  man  then  tnwed  tbe  subsequent  for  the  jury  to  say  whether  tbe  ob- 
[VDoeedings  of  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  ject  of  Mr.  O'Brien  was  not  a  ge- 


440        ANNUAL    REGI  ST  ER,  1848. 

nenl  infiorrection.  He  had  en-  jary,  in  Btadng  this  definition  ol 
deavour«d  to  dischaqje  the  painful  the  crime  ot  levTing  wu  agiiint 
du^  which  had  devolved  upon  him  the  Grown,  I  have  prpbtht;  led 
with  firmnesB  and  impartiality,  and  yoar  minds  to  the  conndeiaiiini  of 
he  now  left  the  case  in  the  hands  the  true  dislinctioD  which  it  will 
,  of  the  jury.  be  important  to  keep  in  yaw 
The  Lord  Chief  Jastico  Black-  minds,  and  on  which  distincliDn 
bume  proceeded  to  sum  up : — "  As  the  defence  of  the  prisoner  ii 
the  organ  of  this  high  tribunal,  it  rested.  He  asserts  that  the  otjw* 
now  becomes  my  duty  to  offer  to  of  recorring  to  the  use  of  foiw, 
you  the  assistance  which  you  have  and  that  the  end  and  object  of  sU 
a  light  to  ask,  and  which  it  is  our  the  exertions  which  are  detailed  in 
duty  to  afford  you  in  considering  the  cause,  were  not  to  eSKt  aay 
your  verdict  on  this  most  mo-  general  object  or  particalar  por- 
mentous  question,  and  which  will  pose  whatever,  but  that  they  were 
receive  from  you  that  calm,  dispas-  solely  and  exclusively  done  to  piv- 
sionate,  and  conscientious  consi*  toot  his  person  from  arreat;  and  I 
deration  which  its  importance  de-  have  to  tell  you  that,  if  the  olged 
serves.  The  charge  against  the  of  all  this  arming  and  of  all  i^ 
prisoner  at  the  bar  is  tlwt  of  high  force  was  solely  and  exclttsively  to 
treason,  and  it  will  be  my  duty,  lu  protect  Mr.  O'Brien's  person,  uxl 
the  first  instance,  to  simplify  the  the  persons  of  those  in  his  con- 
subject  so  as  to  enable  you  dis-  pany  from  arrest,  he  is  entitled  to 
tinctly  to  apprehend  what  the  law  your  verdict  of  acquittal.  The  U« 
is  upon  it,  and,  being  understood,  does  not  require  that  the  Cram 
will  enable  you  aptly  to  apply  it  to  should  state  in  the  indictment  tlio 
the  evidence  you  have  heard,  evidence  it  intends  to  adduce  ol 
There  are  two  distinct  species  of  the  intention — it  does  not  reqniro 
treason  stated  in  this  indictment,  the  Crown  to  state  what  arts  vn 
The  first  five  counts  are  for  levy-  done  ;  but  it  does  require  not 
ing  war  against  the  Queen  io  her  only  that  the  Crown  should  atila 
r«um,  the  last  and  sixth  count  is  the  acts  of  vrar  which  were  dwH. 
for  compassii^  the  death  of  the  but  that  one  or  more  of  those  aA 
Queen.  I  shall  at  once  relieve  shoUldbeestabliahedbytwoorniorB 
f ou  from  any  misapprehension  of  credible  witnesses,  and  the  >ota 
the  last  count,  because,  though  which  are  stated  in  the  indictmAit 
there  is  what  in  strictness  of  law  you  will  find  to  be  aa  follows:— 
most  be  considered  evidence  to  aiding  and  marching  in  a  hostile 
sustain  that  count,  that  evidence  manner  through  divers  villages, 
is  more  clearly  and  distinctly  ap-  towns,  and  pnblio  highways  in  lhi< 
plicable  to  the  counts  for  levying  country — to  wit,  at  Ballingury; 
war,  and  your  attention  may,  there-  the  erection  of  obstructioiis  I? 
fore,  be  confined  altogether  to  the  means  of  cars,  carta,  pieces  oC^ 
charge  of  levying  war  against  the  her,  and  other  materials  on  ^ 
Queen  in  herrealm.  Inoniertosus-  highway  to  obstruct  and  prevsat 
tain  that  charge  you  must  be  satisfied  the  march  of  the  soldiers  of  th 
that  there  was  an  insurrection-~an  Queen ;  attactdng  and  firing  on  * 
insurrection  by  force,  and  that  the  lat^e  body  of  constables  beingthoo 
object  of  that  insurrection  was  a  in  the  execution  of  their  datj,  sod 
general  objecL     Genilemen  of  the  endeavouring,  by  force  and  violenoe, 


STATE    TRIALS.  441 

to  make  the  eonstebles  join  tbem  ship  then  proceeded  to  Bam  up  and 
in  a.  public  insurrection  and  rebel-  comment  upou  the  evidence  at 
lion  aflainat  the  Queen.  Then  fol-  great  lengtli. 
lows  we  charse  of  an  attack  upon  In  the  course  of  his  lordship's 
a  certain  dwelung-house  at  Farrin-  address  a  discusBion  lock  plaice 
roiy,  and  firing  upon  tbe  oonstables  respecting  the  evidence  of  the  in- 
therein.  These  are  the  overtacts.  former  Dobbin. 
They  must  each  or  one  of  them  bo  _  ,  ^  ,  _  , 
proved  by  two  witnesses ;  what  was  Saturday,  October  7th. 
the  object  will  depend  upon  the  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  pro- 
intention  that  is  to  be  disclosed  by  ceeded  with  his  charge,  and  conti- 
the  evidence.  Of  that  evidence  nued  his  rwum^  of  the  evidence.— 
you  are  exclusively  the  judges  in  "I  shall  very  minutely  go  through 
the  case  which  is  now  before  us.  the  evidence  which  bears  on  the 
Yon  will  observe  the  period  at  important  view  of  the  case,  re- 
which  one  class  of  evidence  may  specting  the  general  intention  of 
he  said  to  terminate  and  the  other  Mr.  O'Brien ;  and  you  will  remem- 
to  commence.  The  evidence  ante-  her,  and  I  must  repeat  it,  sa  it  is 
cedent  to  the  actual  outbreak  at  essential  with  reepect  to  the  pri- 
Ballingarry,  on  the  S5th.  is  in  sonar's  defence,  that  yon  should 
some  respects  contrasted  with  the  keep  constantly  in  your  thoaghts, 
evidence  subsequent  to  that  period,  on  the  subject  on  which  you  are 
The  evidence  antecedent  to  that  pe-  now  to  inquire,  these  questions : 
riod  cannot  have  any  relation  to  the  — Whether  the  inaurrection  and 
appreheosion  of  arrest,  because  the  force  had  a  general  object,  or 
during  that  antecedent  period  near-  whether  that  insurrection  and 
rest  was  or  could  have  been  contem-  force  were  limited  and  confined 
plated.  The  evidence  subsequent  exclusively  to  tbe  prevention  of 
to  that  time  is  connected  with  that  the  arrest  of  Hr.  O'Brien.  These 
apprehension  of  arrest,  and  I  need  are  the  matters  for  your  considerB- 
not  tell  you  tiiat  the  latter  is  a  tion;  and  it  is  on  Uieae  questions 
period  of  great  importance,  and  you  have  to  decide  whether  the 
tiiat,  from  the  time  the  insur-  prisaner,isguil^orinnocent"  His 
reotion  oommenoed,  on  the  S5th,  lordship  then  went  over  the  evi- 
at  Ballingany,  every  one  of  the  deuce  reladng  to  the  proceedings 
transactions  that  occurred  is  to  of  Mr.  O'Brien  after  he  had  left 
be  minutely  and  critically  ex-  Dublin  on  the  22nd  of  July, 
wnined,  and  daring  that  period  The  learned  judge  next  read  the 
you  are  to  consider  whether  the  evidence  of  constable  Coghlan,  at 
acts  of  Ur.  O'Brien,  the  acts  of  Carrick,  and  was  commenting  on  it 
those  whom  he  put  in  motion,  his  when  he  was  interrupted  by  the 
own  declarations,  the  conduct  of  counsel  for  the  prisoner,  who  re- 
those  who  were  assistlDg  him,  do  quested  his  lordsnip  to  suspend  bis 
maniflBBtly  relate  to  the  olgect  of  charge  and  allow  counsel  on  both 
effeotiBg  his  peisonal  safety  and  sides  a  space  for  deliberation,  as 
nothing  else,  or  whether,  upon  a  new  nutter  of  importance  to  ib6 
review  of  these  facta  and  circum-  prisoner  had  appeared.  His  lord- 
Btances,  they  do  not  manifest  an  ship  refused  the  request,  but,  by  re- 
nltimateand  general  pnrpose — that  tiring  for  refreshment  shortly  ^lef 
is,  the  pantose  of  effecting  a  revo-  wards,  substantially  acceded  to  it. 
bitioa  in  the  country."    His  lord-        On  his  return,  counsel  requested 


442        ANNUAL    REGISTER.  1848. 

thtt  Dobbin  Bhoold  be  again  placed  doubt,  but  that  upon  uj  part  of 
on  tho  Ublo.  Tbe  witueaa  looked  this  case  where  jour  mind^  mi^t 
slightly  agitated  at  first,  but  soon  be  in  doubt  or  might  entertain 
reoovOTsd  his  self-posaession,  and  difficulties  with  respeot  to  the  ob- 
replied  to  the  questions  put  to  him  jeots  and  conduct  imputed  to  him 
in  bis  OBual  dogged  and  sullen  it  would  be  important  to  attend  to 
manner.  He  then  underwent  a  it,  and  give  it  all  the  weight  it 
most  severe  examination,  tbequea-  deeerred.  Bnt,  unfortunat^j,  in 
tions  tending  to  impute  to  him  that  this  partioolftr  case  before  ns,  wa 
he  was  a  thorongb  adventurer  who  cannot  do  this,  and  it  does  iq>peac 
had  gained  an  iniamous  living  by  to  me  that  early  in  March  last 
tampering  with  and  endeavouring  Afr.  O'Brien  had  undergone  Gonie 
to  entrap  yonng  men  into  political  change  in  hia  political  views,  and 
eons[urocie8,  and  that  his  state*  that  then  ideas  su^ested  Uiem- 
ments  were  mere  forgeriee,  and  selves  to  his  mind  which  he  had 
himself  utterly  unworthy  of  credit,  not  entertained  before.  What 
To  all  these  he  returned  a  steady  ever  may  be  the  value  of  the  tee- 
dogged  denial.  timony  to  his  character,  Qod  forbid 

A  young    man,  named  Henry  that  I  should  deprive  him  (4  it. 

Dalton,  was  Uien  put  upon  the  The  other  evidence  on  his  part, 

table  as  a  witaess  for  the  prisoner,  which    I    have     read    careially 

He  appeared  to  be  a  person  of  re-  through,  relates  to  the  rolee  oi 

apeotable  edacetion  but  irregular  the  Confederation  and  of  the  Irish 

and  diBsipat«d  habits.  His  evidence  League.   Those  rules  utpear  to  me 

affinned  everything  that  Dobbin  to  be  perfectly  legal.    I  cannot  dia- 

haddenied;  and,iftrae,eetablished  coverany  thing  in  them  to  attach  to 

a  case  of  infamous  treachery.  the  Confederation  the  idea  of  crimi- 

The  Attemey-General  (address-  nalitv  or  suspicion,  nor  any  thiog, 
Ing  Dobbin). — Do  you  know  this  in  snort,  if  strieUy  observed,  re- 
gentleman  P  pugnantto  any  principle  of  the 

The  two  witnesses  stood  on  the  law,  or  open  to  any  allegation, 

table,  oonfronting  each  other.  With  respect  to  the  rulea  of  the 

DobUn.— On  my  oath,  I  never  Ijeague,  which  was  foimed,  as  it 

saw  him.  appears,  of  the  membera  of  tibe 

This  statament  produced  an  ex-  two  bodies — the  Confederation  and 

traordiaary  sensation  in  the  court.  Ooociliation  Halls — th^  are  eb- 

The  Lord  Gbief  Justice  pro-  noxious  to  no  obserratMii  whatever, 
oeeded  to  sum  up  the  reoiaining  But  the  question  is,  whether  those 
evidence  for  the  prosecution,  and  rules  were  observed  by  him,  or 
then  said — >"  And  now,  gentlemen,  whether  a  course  of  conduct  at  v^ 
I  have  laid  before  you  the  entire  rianoe  with  them  was  adopted  by 
of  tbe  evidence  with  respect  to  this  him  when  a  member  of  tboee  bo- 
anfortunale  tnmsactioa.  I  shall  dies,  and  professing  to  act  in  so- 
now  call  your  attention  to  tbe  evi-  oordance  with  their  rulea.  In  the 
dence  adduced  on  the  part  of  Mr,  speech  of  the  19th  of  July — a  re- 
O'Brien.  This  is,  in  the  first  markable  speech  on  a  remarkable 
place,  general  evidence  with  re-  occasion — Mr.  O'Brien  distinctly 
spect  to  attachment  to  the  Crown  reserves  to  himself  the  right,  un- 
and  as  to  his  constitutional  prin-  controlled  by  any  engag^nent  with 
oiplee ;  and  on  this  general  evi-  respeot  to  those  bouee,  to  poieae 
dence  there  can  be  no  manner  of  his  course  through  the  medium  of 


STATETRIALS.  448 

the  clubs  to  the  objeot  he  then  being  anommouslf,  for  many  reo- 

coatemplated.    And  now,  gentle-  sons,  of  opmionthathis  life  should 

men,  I  commit  this  case  to  your  be  spared." 

sarioos  oonsideration.  A  high  duty  A  Terdict  of  "Not  Guilty  "  ma 

you  have  to  disohaige — a  most  la-  entered  on  the  eizth  count 

borious    duty    it   certainly  is — a  „     ,       „     , 

painful   duty  it  must  be.  if  yon  Monday.  October,  Qth. 

should  take  an  unfaTourable  view  of  The  Attorney -Qeneral  mored 

the  evidence  before  you.  I  shall  re-  the  judgment  of  the  Court  in  the 

joice  if  EeriouBly,  soberly,  and'oon-  case  of  "  The  Queen  v.  William 

ecientionsly  you  can  oome  to  the  Smith  O'Brien." 

conclusion  that  the  prisoner  ia  not  The  prisoner  was  brought  up^ 

guilty    of    the    charges    alleged  Mr.  Whiteside  made  on  applim- 

againat  him  by  the  Crown ;  but  if,  tion  in  arrest  of  judgment,  and  he 

on  the  other  hand,  seriously,  so-  also  submitted  that  the  following 

berly,    and    conscientiously    you  three  questions  should  be  reserved : 

think  him  guilty  of  these  charges,  — First,  whether  the  speeohes  in 

there  is  no  consideration  that  can  March  or  April  were  admissible  in 

justify  any  human  being  in  that  evidence;   secondly,  whether  the 

box  in  doing  otherwise  than  that  account  of  the  meeting  of  the  Slat 

which  the  obligation  of  hia  oath  of  July  was  admissible  i^Dst  Mr. 

demands,  and  be  the  consequences  O'Brien  on  the  ground,  as  he  coiw 

what  they  may,  you  will,  by  find-  tended,  that  the  witnesa  Dobbin 

ing  a  veraict  of  guilty,  in  that  way  was  not  confirmed,  and  that  Mr. 

and  on  your  oauis,  best  discharge  O'Brien  was  absent;  and,  thirdly, 

the  solemn  duly  which  devolves  whether  the  contents  of  the  port- 

upon  you.  manteau  were  admissible  as  evi- 

The  jury  withdrew,  and  were  denceagainstMr.  O'Brien.   There 

absent  iJmut  an  hour.  might  also  be  a  fourth,  according 

About  half  past  6  o'clock  the  to    the    opinion  their  Ixtrdships 

Judges  again  took  their  seats  on  might  come  to  on  the  motion  he 

the  bench,  and  the  jury  returned.  had  now  properly  to  make.    He 

The  Clerk  of  the  Crown  then  moved  the  arrest  of  judgment  on 

OsUed  over  the  roll  of  the  jury.  the   following  ground  : — The    in- 

Clerk  of  the  Crown. — How  say  dictment  charged  the  prisoner  with 

you,  gentlemen  of  the  jury,  on  the  having  compassed  the   death   of 

first  count,  guilty  or  not  guilty?  the  Queen,  and  with  levying  war 

The  Foreman. — "  Guilty."  against  her  in   her   realm.      Of 

The  word  caused  a  perceptible  compassing  the  death  of  the  Queen 

sensation  in  every  comer  of  the  the  prisoner  was  acquitted  ;  of  the 

ceurL  Mr.  O'Brien  sUghtlynodded  crime  of  levying  war  against  the 

his  head  to  the  jury,  and  gave  no  Queen  he  had  bmn  convicted.  His 

other  sign  of  emotion.  first  proposition  was,  that  no  such 

The  same  general  verdict  was  treason  as  levying  of  war  in  Ireland 

returned  on  the  other  counts.  against  the  Queen  is  indictable  in 

The  Foreman  handed  in  a  paper  Ireland,  and  the  learned  counsel 

with    the  following  recommenda-  argued  that  the  word  "  realm  "  in 

tion :— "  We  earnestly  recommend  the  statute  was  confined  to  Eng- 

the  prisoner  to  the  merciful  con-  land  only.      Hia  next  point  was 

sideration  of  Government,  the  jury  more  important  in  principle;    it 


444        ANNUAL    KEGIST  E  R,  1848. 

WHS  tint  the  crime  of  ICTyiog  of  of  England  concerning  or  nUtna 
war,  of  which  Mr  O'Brien  was  to  the  public  or  common  weal  o[ 
convicted,  was  not  indictable  in  Ireland,  for  beDoefbrth  be  deemed 
Ireland  as  a  substantive  treason,  etatut«a  and  be  accepted  and  nnd 
but  feloay  only.  This  depended  in  this  land  of  Ireland,"  ftc  It  ii 
mainlf  on  the  11th  of  Victoria,  admitted  that  the  etatute  ranst  re- 
0.  12.  He  contended  that  the  fer  to  the  act  of  Edward  III.;  but 
prisoner  most  be  acquitted,  first,  that  its  construction  is  confined  Is 
because  the  orert  acts  laid  in  the  this — enabling  a  person  who  hid 
indictmetit  as  proof  of  the  levying  committed  this  crime  in  Engfand 
of  war  were  the  various  acts  done  at  to  he  tried  in  Ireland.  It  appear) 
Ballinganj,  Killenaule,  and  Mul-  to  me  the  plain  meaning  of  tbs 
linabone,  and  not  the  actual  levy-  slatutetliatttiereshouldbethesuDt 
ing  of  war ;  and,  secondly,  because  law  in  both  countries,  and  tbil 
the  compassing  of  levying  of  war  what  is  treason  in  England  sbonU 
was  by  the  statute  of  Victoria  no  be  treason  in  Ireland.  The  nsit 
longer  treason,  but  felony.  If  objection  is  founded  on  the  coo- 
their  Lordships  were  of  opinion  struclion  of  the  recent  Act,  11  Vie- 
that  his  argument  was  not  well  toria,  c.  13,  to  which  constradion 
founded,  and  that  levying  war  di-  we  find  it  totally  impossible  to  ifr 
tectly  against  the  Queen  remained  cede.  The  treaaon  created  by  tlw 
as  a  substantiTe  treason,  then  he  statute  of  Edward  III-  was  die 
submitted  that  the  levying  of  war  levying  of  war.  Then  came  the 
charged  in  this  indictment  was  English  sUtnte  of  36  Geo^  IIL, 
oonstnictive  only,  and  that  it  came  which  did  not  extend  to  Irelmi 
within  the  late  statute,  and  was  by  which  the  compassing  to  Iny 
pnniahable  merely  with  transporla-  war,  when  that  is  for  certain  par 
tion  for  life.  poses,   was   made   treason.     Th^ 

The  Attorney-General   showed  statute  of  Edward  III.  made  tbe 

cause  against  the  motion.  levying  of  war  the  crime.    This 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice. — "  The  statute  made  the  intention  te  W 

motion  now  made  is  founded  upon  war  the  crime.     And  the  olgecticn 

two  objections.      The   indictment  is  that   the  statute   of   Viclorii. 

is  in  substance  a  charge  under  the  which  does  extend  to  Ireland,  ooo- 

Btatute  of  Edward  III.  for  levying  verta  that  which  was  treason  onde' 

war  Bgunst  the    Queen    in    her  the  statute  of  Edward  III-  ""' 

realm.    Those  are  the  very  words  felony.     It  does  no  such  thing-   ' 

of  the  statute  of  Edward,  and  an  repeat  that  the  Act  of  Edwardlll- 

indictment  following  the  words  of  makes  treason  consist  in  the  sebul 

the   statute  is    always    sufficient-  levying  of  war,  and  this  Act  '"'^^ 

The  firet  objection  is,  that  the  act  the  intention,  the  compassing  <n 

of  Edward  III.  is  not  the  law  of  levying    war,    felony.     The  two 

Ireland-     To   that  it  is    replied,  things  arc  perfectly  distinct.    Ill* 

that  by  Foyning's  Act  it  is   ex-  crime  in  one  case  is  the  act,  is  tl" 

tended  to  Ireland,  and  the  words  other  it  is  the  intention;  and  M 

of  Foyning's  Act,  "  Whereas  there  doubt  can  remain  on  the  stiliJM' 

have  been  divers  good  and  profit-  that  the  construction  of  the  statute 

able  statutes  made  in  the  realm  of  is  so,  for  the  sixth  section  provide 

England,  let  it  be  ordaiued  that  that    nothing   therein     contvned 

all  the  etalutea  made  in  the  realm  should  lessen  tbefoFceofarinanT 


STATE    TRIALS. 


445 


maiiiier  affect  aDjtMag  enacted  by 
the  statute  of  Edward  III.  declara- 
tory of  what  offences  should  be  ad- 
judged treason.  So  that  the  tno 
statutes  relate  to  diatiuct  crimes ; 
the  act  being  the  crime  in  the  one 
instance,  the  intention  in  the 
other;  therefore,  in  onr  judgment, 
it  is  perfectly  plain  that  neither  of 
these  olyectinns  can  be  maintained. 
With  respect  tA  the  points  that 
were  ai^ed  in  the  course  of  the 
trial,  we  have,  over  and  over  again, 
matuFeW  considered  them.  We 
are  perfectly  satisfied  with  the  opi- 
nion we  have  expressed.  It  is  not 
our  intention  to  reserve  them  for 
the  opinion  of  the  Judges." 

On  being  asked  by  the  Clerk  of 
the  Grown  whether  he  could  state 
any  reason  why  sentence  of  death 
should  not  be  passed  upon  him, 

Mr.  O'firien  stood  erect  in  front 
of  the  dock,  and  said  in  a  loud  and 
firm  voice — "  My  Lords,  it  is  not 
my  intention  to  enter  into  any  vin- 
dication of  my  conduct,  however 
much  I  might  have  desired  to 
avail  myself  of  this  opportunity  of 
doiiig  so.  I  am  perfectly  satisfied 
with  the  consciousness  that  I  have 
performed  my  duty  to  my  country, 
— that  I  have  done  only  that  whidi 
it  was  in  my  opinion  the  duty  of 
every  Irishman  to  have  done.  And 
I  am  now  prepared  to  abide  the 
consequences  of  my  having  per- 
formed my  duty  to  my  native  land. 
Proceed  with  your  sentence." 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  Block- 
bume. — "William  Smith  O'Brien, 
after  a  long,  patient,  and  laborioua 
trial,  a  juiy  of  your  countiymen 
have  found  you  gnUty  of  high 
treason — their  vermot  was  accom- 
panied by  a  reconunendalion  to 
the  mercy  of  the  Crown — that  re- 
commendation, as  is  our  duty,  we 
shall  send  forward  to  the  Lord- 
Lieutenant,  to  whom,  as  you  must 


know,  exclnslvely  belongs  the 
power  to  comply  with  it.  It  now 
remains  for  us  to  perform  the  last 
solemn  act  of  duty  which  devolvea 
upon  us,  and  to  pronounce  that 
sentence  by  which  the  law  marka 
the  enormity  of  your  gnilt,  and 
aims  at  the  prevention  of  similar 
crimes  by  the  example  and  inflic- 
tion of  a  terrible  punishment. 
Oh!  that  you  would  reflect  upon 
that  crime,  and  dwell  upon  it  with 
sincere  repentance  end  remorse. 
Oh !  that  you  would  regard  it  as  it 
is  r^arded  by  every  rational  being 
— that  you  would  feel  and  know 
that  it  is  really  and  substantially 
as  repugnant  to  the  intereets  of 
humanity,  to  the  precepts  and  spi- 
rit of  the  Diviue  religion  we  pro- 
fess, as  it  is  to  the  positive  law, 
your  violation  of  which  is  now  at- 
tended by  the  forfeiture  of  your 
life.  The  few  words  you  have  ad- 
dressed to  the  Court  forbid  me  (I 
say  it  with  the  greatest  dbtress)  to 
jiroeeed  any  further  irith  this 
BubJecL  It  now  only  remains  to 
the  Court  to  pronounce  the  sen- 
tence of  death.  That  sentence  is, 
that  you,  William  Smith  O'Brien, 
shall  be  taken  hence  to  the  place 
whence  you  come,  and  be  thence 
drawn  on  a  hurdle  to  the  place  of 
execution,  and  be  there  hajiged  by 
the  neck  until  you  be  dead,  and 
that  afterwards  your  head  shall  be 
severed  from  your  body,  and  jour 
body  severed  into  four  quarters,  to 
be  disposed  of  ss  Ker  Majesty  may 
think  fit.  May  the  Lord  have 
mercy  on  your  soul  I 

Octobtr  9lh. 

TRIAL  OF  H'lUKUS. 

Terence  Bellew  M'Manus  was 
indicted  for  high  treason.  The 
indictment  was  the  same  as  that  on 
which  Mr.  O'Brien  had  been  tried 
and  convicted. 

ChxwIc 


448       ANNUAL    REGISTE  R.  1848. 


As  th«  indictmentt  found  against 
tliis  and  the  other  priBonera  vera 
fcr  the  Bam«  orime,  and  muufeetad 
)n  tbs  suae  overt  acts,  these  trials, 
though  pntraot«d  to  great  length, 
ud  oondiMted  with  unabated  enem 
•ad  T^onr  bj  the  learned  counsd^, 

f reseat  fen  fenturas  of  interest, 
ndeed  after  the  oonTiction  of  the 
^ndpal  oonapirator,  all  interest 
ereii  in  Ireland  seemed  to  hare 
died  awaj,  and  the  Courts  pre- 
sented an  appearance  of  even 
greeter  desertion  than  npon  ordi- 
niuToooasions. 

The  same  teohoieal  objections 
that  tnd  been  taken  in  Mr. 
O'Brien's  case  were  taken,  prt> 
farmd,  in  this  and  each  of  the  fol- 
lowing cases. 

The  jvTj  hftrinff  been  sworn, 
the  clerk  read  the  indictment, 
which  contained  six  counts,  with 
the  tame  overt  acts  and  the  same 
intents  as  those  laid  in  the  indict- 
ment KgaiitBt  Mr.  O'Brien. 

The  Attomey-Oeneral  said  that 
the  chaige  against  the  prisoner 
was  substantiidly  this^-thst  he 
had  actually,  and  in  fact,  levied 
wwr  against  the  Queen;  and  the 
question  far  theirconsideration  was 
irtie^r  the  prisoner  had  taken 
part  in  the  transactions  which  bad 
occurred  in  this  country  in  the 
month  of  Julj  last,  and  whether 
those  transactions  amonnted  to  a 
levying  of  war?  After  having 
briefly  ex^dained  the  law  of  the 
case,  the  learned  gentleman  pro- 
ceeded to  say  he  believed  he  should 
be  able  to  establish,  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  jury,  that  an  armed 
insurrection  or  rising  did  take 
place  in  this  country  last  July,  and 
that  with  respect  to  Mr,  M'Manus 
himself,  the  olgect  of  it  must  have 
been  general.  Mr.  M'Manas  was 
an  Irishman,  but  resided  in  Liver- 
pool ;    unfortunately  for  himself. 


he  was  in  the  habit  of  assodattng 
much  with  persons  who  had  as- 
Bumed  the  denomination  of  Chart- 
ists, and  the  first  evidence  which 
he  (the  A  ttomey-Oenenl)  intended 
to  produce  against  him  was  a 
speech  delivered  by  him  in  Liver- 
pool on  the  6th  of  June  last,  the 
subject  of  which  was  that  repeal 
should  b«  carried  by  all  meam — 
that  if  it  were  not  carried  by  bit 
means,  there  would  be  a  bloody 
struggle  to  obtiun  it,  and  that  those 
who  joined  him  in  that  Moody 
struggle  which  he  anticipated, 
would,  as  a  nvrard  for  eo  joining 
him,  obtain  grants  of  land  in  Ire- 
land. That  would  evidently  imjdy 
that  the  conquering  or  succeasfi^ 
party  would  have  the  means  of  mak- 
ing grants  of  land.  Mr.  M'Manus 
arrived  in  Dubhn  from  Liverpool 
on  the  morning  of  the  fiSth  of  July. 
The  speech  to  which  he  had  re- 
ferred as  having  been  made  by 
Mr.  M'Manus  at  Liverpool,  was 
considered  of  a  very  seditious  and 
improper  tendency,  and  for  that 
and  other  reasons  he  was  a  person 
whose  movements  were  watched  by 
the  constabulary.  Immediately 
after  reaching  JDublis,  he  again 
left  that  city,  and  the  next  place 
he  was  seen  at  was  either  Multina- 
hone  or  on  the  march  to  Ballin- 
garry,  taking  part  in  the  proceed- 
ings which  had  already  been  proved 
in  the  case  of  Mr.  O'Brien.  It 
m^ht  be  alleged  that  M'Manos 
had  done  those  acts  in  order  to 
protect  Mr.  O'Brien  from  arrest, 
but,  however  cogent  such  an  argu- 
ment might  be  in  Mr.  O'Brien's 
case,  it  could  scarcely  be  supposed 
that  M'Manos  came  over  from 
Liverpool  and  appeared  in  arms 
for  tMt  sole  obJMt,  and  that  he 
did  not  wish  to  protect  Mr.  OBrien 
from  arrest  in  order  that  he  might 
become  the  leader  of  a  reroladim- 


STATE    TRIALS.  447 

Bxj  party.    No  one  waa  &  closer  him  ear  "  that  th4  honse  should  bo 

attendant  on  Mr.  O'Brien  than  the  burnt.' 

prisoner.   He  pressed  a  hone  into  George  ^larrow  proved  the  aa- 

his  service  in  order  to  reconnoitre  semblaae  of  armed  men,  and  acta 

the  military,  and  had  been  active  of  drilling  at  Mullinahone,  and 

in  erecting  barricades  and  in  the  identified  Mr.  M'Manus  as  having 

attack  on  the  police.     M'Honua  been    at    Ballingany    vrith    Mr. 

was  the  man  who  arrested  Carroll,  O'Brien. 

the  policeman,  at  a  time  when  some  William  M'Oarthy  lived  on  the 
idea  was  eutertmed  of  renewing  road  from  Killenaule  to  Mullina^ 
the  attack  on  the  widow  Cor-  hone.  Recollected  Friday  the  day 
mack's.  Tlie  only  question  for  the  before  the  fight  at  widow  Car- 
jury  was  if  there  was  a  mistake  in  mack's.  Somebody  took  his  horse 
the  case,  and  if  M'Msnns  was  from  him  on  Friday  at  Killenanle. 
the  person  engaged  in  those  trans-  The  witness  hesitated  and  refused 
actions,  and  to  satisfy  them  of  that  to  swear  that  the  prisoner  was  that 
he  would  at  once  call  evidence  he-  person  ;  he  had  identified  the  nuui 
fore  them.  in  London,  bat  he  had  since  been 
The  speech  of  the  prisoner  at  shown  a  person  so  exactly  like 
Liverpool,  his  arrival  at  Dublin  by  him  that  he  would  not  swear  which 
the /rviti^uilM  steamer,  the  leaving  it  waa.  Constable  Walpole  waa 
the  tin  case  containing  a  militaiy  then  placed  on  the  table ;  the  like- 
uniform  behind  him,  were  then  neas  certainly  was  very  extraordi- 
proved  by  witnesses.  The  prisoner's  na^. 

course  thence  was  unknown  tmtil  John  Femberton,  the  superin* 
be  joined  Mr.  O'Brien,  when  the  tendent  of  the  works  of  the  Mining 
evidence  was  nearly  the  same  as  Company,  waa  eicamined  and  gave 
was  given  on  that  trial.  In  order  similar  evidence  to  that  which  he 
to  connect  the  prisoner  vrith  these,  had  given  on  Mr.  O'Brien's  trial. 
William  Egan,  steward  of  the  He  identified  M'Manns  as  one  of 
relief  works  at  Ballingarry,  re-  the  parsons  who  were  vrith  Mr. 
peated  the  evidence  he  gave  in  Mr.  O'Brien  when  he  met  him  at  Ken- 
O'Brien's  case.  Identified  Mr.  wick's  Cross,  and  said  that  on  that 
M'Manns  as  having  been  with  Mr.  occasion  M'Manns  had  a  pistol  in 
O'Brien  on  Wednesday  evening  at  his  hand. 

Ballingony.  Saw  M'Hanus  on  Owen  Ctdlen,  the  manager  of 
horseback  riding  about  the  streets ;  the  works,  proved  having  received 
there  waa  a  crovrd  there  at  the  from  Mr.  O'Brien  the  letter  to  the 
time.  Mining  Company,  which  after- 
Thomas  Burke,  summons-server  wards  became  the  mam  evidence 
of  BaUingorry,  examined. — Saw  a  against  himself 
orovA  of  400  or  600  people  in  the  Sub-Inspector  Trant  was  the 
village  on  Thursday,  the  37th  of  next  witness  on  the  table,  and  for 
July.  Some  of  them  were  armed,  a  second  time  recounted  his  gal- 
Identified  the  prisoner  as  being  lant  exploits  at  the  battle  of  Bal- 
among  them  ;  be  bad  a  belt  round  lingarry. 

his  waiet  which  held  pistols.    Saw  On  his  cross-examination  a  fur> 

himatFarrinroryofterwarda,  break-  ther  and  amusing  fact  was  elicited, 

ing  open  an  onthouse  in  the  attack  As  he  was  marcMng  with  bis  party 

on  the  widow  Cormack'g.     Heard  from  Callan  to   ^iii^fany  they 


n 


448       ANNUAL    RE  G  1ST  EK,  1848. 

wiled  upon  him  to  wbistle  or  sing  came  op  and  preaented  a  gun  at 

some  martial  air  to  cheer  tbem  on  bim,  and  asked  him  whether  there 

their  way,  and  he  b^an  to  vhietle  were  any  soldiers  on  the  road,  and 

aooordingly.    When  thev  reached  he  said  he  did  not  know.    The 

the  house  and  the  bloody  conflict  prisoner  then  asked  bim  wbethw 

was  at  its  height,  "  thinking,"  said  there  were  any  at  Urlingford,  and 

the  witness,  "  that  singing  was  as  he  answered  no.    Witoesa  thongfat 

-3od  for  flghtmg  as  for  marching,  the  prisoner  meant  to  detain  him, 

called  upon  Constable  Toung  to  and  he  therefore  asked  for  Mi. 

strike  up  '  the  British  Grenadiers ;'  O'Brien,  saying  be  was  sure  that 

he  did  so,  aud  it  was  immediately  gentleman  would  not  detain  him. 

taken  up  and  oboiussed  throughout  The  prisoner  gave  him  no  anawn 

the  house."  to  that  question,  but  be  aaid  be 

ConstableCaiToll.oflhemounted  might  go  where  he  pleased, 
police,  who  had  gone  with  a  de-        Cross-examined.— The  prwmer 

spatch  from  Kilkenny  to  Mr.  Trent,  shook  hands  wilb  him  when  he  1^ 

<m  the  morning  of  the  battle,  and  and  told  him  te  keep  out  of  danger, 

who  was  taken  prisoner  on  his  re-  The   prisoner    treated   bim   with 

turn  by  O'Brien's  party,  identified  perfect  civility. 
M'Manus  as  the  person  who  came        Sub-inspector  Cox  went  over  the 

up  to  him   and  said,    "  You  are  same  detsila  which  he  had  given 

my    prisoner."       M'Manus    waa  on  the  former  trial, 
armed  with  a  gun.     Be  was  im-        Head-constable  Crowley  stated 

mediately  surrounded,  and  thinking  that  on  the  90tb  of  August  last  be 

he  was  going  to  be  shot,  he  ex-  was  stationed  at  Cork.     On  that 

pressed  a  wiw  to  see  Mr.  O'Brien  day  he  arreated  the  prisoner  on 

or    M'Manus    again.       M'Manus  bcMird  an   American    vessel    oon- 

tben  came  up  and  took  him  out  of  venient  to  the  harboor's  mouth, 
the  crowd  into  a  field.  Mr.  Butt  addressed  the  jury  fi» 

On  Ilia  cross-examination  by  Mr.  the  prisoner,  urging  upon  tiiem 
Butt,  he  said  bis  impression,  when  the  duty  of  dismissing  all  pngn- 
taken  into  the  field,  was  that  he  dice,  and  not  to  conclude  the  pri- 
was  going  to  bo  shot,  but  he  after-  soner  guilty  merely  because  much 
wards  believed  thai  the  prisoner  had  been  said  of  the  warlike  pro- 
had  done  it  to  protect  him.  ceedings  which  were  suwoeea  to 

A   young    gentlenian,     named  have  taken  place;  unless  the  overt 

Lloyd,  stated  that  he  resided  at  acts  adduced  as  proof  were  cleariy 

fethard  Glebe.     On  the  afternoon  proved,and  unless  the  jury  thought 

of  the  20th  of  July  last,  about  four  they  were  in  themselves  such  sets 

o'clock,  he  was  on  horseback,  riding  as  amounted  to  proof  of  the  intent 

in  the  direction  of  the  Commons,  charged,  they  would  find  the  pri- 

when  he  saw  a  number  of  people,  soner  not  guilty.       Tbey  would 

about    1500    persons,    assembled  have  two  questions  to  try.     First, 

near  that  place.     Mr.   M'Manus  bow  for  the  prisoner  was  connected 

nas  amongstthem.     He  was  pro-  withtheactsaU%ed;and,sec(»idly, 

ceeding  on  his  way  when  he  heard  bow  far  the  acts  themselves  eem- 

a  shot,  and  on  turning  round  he  stituted  a  levying  of  war.     If,  on 

saw  the  prisoner.    That  was  about  either  of  those  points,  they  were 

an  English  mile  from  the  widow  not  satisfied  of  the  guilt  of  the 

Connack'a  house.     The  prisoner  prisoner,   they  must  acquit  bun. 


STATE  TRIALS.                 449 

God  forbid  be  sbould  ask  tbeto  to  aaibe  words  used  cast  Udit  on  the 
do  80  unlesa  bis  client  was  antitlod  int«Dtion  of  tbe  accased.  It  was 
to  Buch  a  verdict  Tbe  firet  act  not  for  the  jury  to  decide  wbether 
charged  against  bim  was  the  erec-  he  did  or  did  not  make  the  speech 
tion  of  barricades.  That,  in  itself,  in  eridencs  in  Liverpool,  but  they 
yrsa  not  a  levying  of  war.  The  were  to  consider  whether  be  did  or 
indictment  required  that  thejuiy  did  not  levv  war  against  the  Queen 
should  consider  it  and  all  similar  at  Mullintdione.  Tbe  next  point 
acts  as  attempts  to  snbvert  tbe  of  evidence  referred  to  the  uniiorm. 
constitution  oi  tbe  realm.  The  Tbe  whole  isle  was  frighted  from 
levjinff  of  war  must  be  actually  its  propriety  at  tbe  time  by  the 
carried  into  effect  to  constitute  tbe  "discovery  of  the  uniform  of  a 
crime  set  forth.  If  a  man  com-  rebel  general,"  and  people  were 
passed  the  death  of  the  Qneen,  he  terrified  with  the  notion  that  flome 
was  guilty  if  he  committed  one  act  great  French  Uarshal  bad  come 
towsjrds  it,  though  tbe  object  were  over  to  lead  tbe  insurgeuts.  But 
never  accomplished ;  bat  the  levy-  it  tamed  out,  after  all,  that  tbe 
ing  of  war  must  be  actually  carried  terrible  nniform  was  merely  the 
on.  If  a  number  of  persons  as-  state  dress  of  the  '63  Club,  which 
sembled  together  and  incited  the  was  formed  some  years  ago  by  some 
people  to  uBurrecUon.  tbe  guilt  gentlemen  anxious  to  promote  the 
charged  in  the  indictment  was  not  cause  of  repeal.  Finding  himself 
complete,  and  tbe  leaders  would  dodged  by  a  policeman,  and  luiow- 
otdr  be  liable  to  an  indictment  ing  he  had  connected  himself  with 
onaeranotherActwhicbhad  lately  the  party  against  which  the  ven- 
received  the  sanction  of  the  L^is-  geanceof  Government  was  directed, 
lature.  No  design,  intention,  pre-  he  resolved  to  leave  Dublin,  as  it 
paration,  or  coospiracy  will  prove  would  not  have  been  at  all  pleasant 
tbe  offence — there  must  be  an  for  a  man  in  business  to  have  been 
actual  series  of  acts  done  with  kept  in  gaol  till  March,  1849.  He 
the  intention  and  olgect  charged  left  Dublin  and  went  to  Kilkenny, 
against  the  prisoner.  The  defence  where  be  visited  some  of  his  cus- 
be  submitted  for  his  client  to  their  tomers,  intending  to  conceal  him- 
judgment  was,  that  eveiy  act  self  from  imprisonment.  Having 
charged  and  proved  (wainst  him  heard  that  Ur.  O'Brien  was  in  the 
was  perfectly  reconcilable  with  neighbourhood,  he  went  to  see  him, 
the  sole  ot^ject  of  protecting  Mr.  and  became  mixed  up  in  the  ud- 
O'Brien  from  arrest.  If  that  were  fortunate  events  which  afterwards 
the  case,  they  were  bound  to  re-  followed.  He  did  not  join  him  till 
torn  a  verdict  of  acquittal.  Before  Thursday,  and  tbe  acts  committed 
he  went  to  the  particular  case  in  by  Mr.  O'Brien  before  that  day 
detail,  it  was  right  be  should  allude  could  not  at  all  affect  him.  la 
to  something  that  bad  been  said  Lord  Georae  Gordon's  trial.  Lord 
with  respect  to  the  general  evi.  Mansfield  left  two  issues  to  the 
dence.  Every  particle  of  evidence  jury;  first,  whether  the  design  of 
Tespecting  the  speeches  of  Mr.  tbe  multitude  was  to  force  a  re- 
O'Brien,  or  even  of  M'Manns,  in  peal  of  an  Act  of  Parliament; 
Liverpool,  were  only  calculated  to  secondly,  how  far  Lord  George 
mislead  die  jury,  imless  in  so  &r  Gordon  was  implicated  in  that 
Vol.  XC.  2  G 


450        ANNUAL    REGIST  ER,  1848. 

movement  with  the  Bame  deeign.  vaa  do  evidencs  to  that  point,  and 
In  the  same  way  two  questions  befe  that  all  the  facte  which  were  proved 
arose  for  the  JU17.  What  wse  the  agiunst  him  were  consiatent  with 
design  of  the  movement  which  had  the  reasonable  snpposition  of  his 
taken  place  before  the  arrival  of  innocence.  He  felt  how  imper- 
U'ManusT  and,  eecondly,  how  far  fectly  be  had  discharged  his  da^. 
he  had  adopted  and  had  acted  on  Upon  the  honour  and  chivahy  oi 
the  same  principle?  Bejond  all  the  twelve  Irish  gentlemen  in  the 
question,  the  origin  of  that  move-  juiy  box  did  he  rely— npon  their 
ment  had  been  the  suspension  of  honest/,  their  integrity,  their 
the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  and  the  justice.  Ho  had  feebly  and  bintly 
issueof  a  warrant  for  Ur.  O'Brien's  endeavoured  to  lay  before  them 
arrest.  The  learned  counsel  then  the  acts  of  his  client,  not  colouring 
went  minutely  over  the  details  of  anything,  not  perverting  anything, 
the  proceedings  at  Mullinabone  not  drawing  them  from  the  real 
and  Ballingarry,  endeavouring  by  questions  £ey  had  to  try— he 
his  comments  to  show  that  tnese  dared  not  do  that,  even  in  this 
were  not  such  overt  acts  ae  showed  solemn  case.  They  had  a  deeper 
the  intent  charged  in  the  indict-  interest  in  the  pure  administration 
ment,  and  argumg  that  stUl  less  of  justice  than  they  had  in  any 
were  the  proceedings  -of  the  pri-  particular  ease.  He  had  endea- 
Boner,  as  proved  by  evidence,  M  a  voured  to  keep  within  the  law,  and 
nature  to  show  that  be  was  crimi-  to  assist  them  in  the  awfiil  qnee- 
nally  connected  with  them  ;  on  the  tion  they  had  to  try,  and  he  now 
contrary,  the  learned  counsel  argued  confidently  left  bis  client's  case  in 
that  they  showed  that  his  designs  tbeir  hands,  and  called  upon  them 
were  peaceable,  byal,  and  nn-  in  the  bame  of  the  law  to  pro- 
mane.  With  respect  to  the  letter  nounce  a  verdict 
written  by  Mr.  O'Brien  to  the  Witnesses  were  then  called  who 
Uining  Company,  he  believed  it  gave  the  prisoner  a  high  character, 
was  written  in  a  fit  of  the  deepest  both  as  a  private  oum  and  in  busi- 
indignation,  that  had  deprived  him  nees.  The  obnoxious  uniform  was 
of  hjB  better  judgment.  The  pur-  also  identified  as  that  worn  by  the 
port  of  it  was,  that  Mr.  O'Brien  in  members  of  the  "HH  Club. 
Ins  own  mind  contemplated  revo-  ,-,  t  ,n  i 
lutioD ;  but  whether  to  be  brought  f^*"*""  •''»■ 
about  in  July  last,  or,  as  some  of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Dohertj 
hie  associates  said,  in  six  months'  summed  up,  and  pointed  out  the 
time,  there  was  not  one  word  of  law  applicable  to  the  case,  and  the 
evidence.  Were  they  to  take  bearing  of  the  evidence.  It  is  un- 
away  the  life  of  hb  client  upon  necessary  to  repeat  roatter  which,  in 
that  letter?  Could  it  show  wnat  anotherform,hasbeenbefaregiven. 
was  pasdng  in  his  client's  own  After  on  absence  of  three  hours, 
mind  at  the  dme  it  was  written?  the  jury  entered  the  box,  and  an- 
And  yet,  to  make  it  evidence  swered  to  their  names, 
against  him,  they  must  believe  The  Clerk  of  the  Crown. — Gen- 
that  at  that  lime  he  contemplated  tlemen  of  the  jury,  how  say  you  on 
the  act  charged  in  the  indictment,  the  first  count? 
He  contends,  however,  that  there  The  Foreman. — "  Guilty." 

D.s.i,:.db,  Google 


STATE  TRIALS.                451 

The  Clerk  of  the  Crovn  took  the  law  of  high  treason  that  it 

the  issue  paper  from  the  foreman  was  not  necessary  that  the  accused 

and     read     ae     follows :  —  "  We  should  be  perBonally  present,  and 

Btrongl;  recommend  the  prisoner  personally  take  part  in  the  entire 

to  the  merciful  consideration  of  the  of  the  proceedings.     It  was  settled 

Crown. — For  self  and  fellows,  and  established  in  contradistinction 

"  3.  W.  Baston,  Foreman."  to  other  crimes,  such  as  murder, 

A  verdict  of  "Guilty"  was  en-  that  a  man  might  be  guilty  of 

teredontheremainingfonrcounts,  levying  war,  though  he   himself 

the  rixth  having  been  withdrawn,  had  not  left  bis  own  dwelling.    A 

Theneitpersonputonhistrial  ""^  ^^°  ^^'^*^'  advised,  en- 
was  Patrick  D^Donoghue.  who  was  <»"«8ed,  or  sent  out  othera  for  the 
tried  under  the  same  indictment  Pl^o^f,  "f  levying  war.  was  him- 
■a  O'Brien  and  M'Mftuus.  It  is  self  pulty  of  the  offence.  Acoord- 
unnecessaiy  to  go  again  oxer  these  jnglj-if  he  were  rightly  instructed, 
weU  knowi  facte.  It  U  sufficient  ^J  ^Jeu^'i  ^  ""e  to  show  that 
to  state  that  the  complicity  of  the  ^^-  Meagher  took  a  sufficient  part 
prisoner  was  clearly  proved,  and  >°  ^^  transaction,  the  sulgect 
Siejuiy  found  him ''duUty."  "^"^"^  of  the  present  cluu^e,  to 
n  I  a  I  render  himself  guilty  of  levying 
October  Iflffc.  war  by  his  actual  presence.     From 

Thomas  Francis   Meagher  was  what  had  already  occurred  in  this 

placed  at  the  bar,  and  put  on  hu  Court,  be  did  not  anticipate  that 

trial  for  felony,    under  a  similar  any  question  would  be  made  as  to 

indictment  to  those  of  the    pre-  the  accuracy  of  the  speeches  slated 

ceding  prisoners.  to  have  been  made  by  Mr.  Meagher 

On  the  panel  being  called  over,  in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  and 

only   138  out  of  288  gentlemen  which  he  (the  Attorney- General) 

answered  to  their  names ;  where-  thought  would  satisfy  them  that 

on  Mr.  Whiteside,  for  the  prisoner,  Mr.  Meagher  had  the  object  and 

in^^ted  that  the  jury  should  be  mtention  of  endeavouring  to  effect 

chosen  by  ballot,  as  in  the  case  a  revolution,  which,  indeed,  he  did 

of  Frost;    but  this  was  refused  afterwards  attempt,  and  that  at 

by  the  Grown.  the  time  the  only  thing  undeter- 

The  indictment  being  read,  the  mined  in  his  mind,  was  as  to  the 

prisoner  pleaded  "Not  Guilty."  time  at  which  it  should  take  place. 

The  following  gentlemen   were  It  would  appear  that  there 


sworn  of  the  Jury: — J.  Willing- 
ton,  foreman.  H.  W.  Briscoe,  A. 
Hartford,  S.  Ryalt,  R.  Hawkahaw, 
Jan.,  N.  B.  Green,  R.  Kenned' 
J.  E.  Garden,  K  Mason,  i 
Hawkahaw,  sen.,  R.  Hammeraley, 


association  m  Dublin,  called  the 
Repeal  Confederatian,  of  which 
Mr.  Meagher  was  a  distinguished 
member.  He  did  not  say  that 
that  Confederation  was  formed  for 
treasonable    purposes  —  the  pro- 


and  T.  Lindsay.  fessed  object  of  it  was  to  obtain  a 

Mr.  Lynch  having  opened  the  repeal  of  the  Union ;  and  he  did 

pleadings,  not  mean  to  say  that  it  was  to  be 

The     Attorney-General    stated  obtained  by  illegal  means ;  but  he 

the   charge  against  the  prisoner  thought  he  shoiud  be  able  to  prove 

to  the  same  effect  as  in  the  pre-  that,  soon  after  its  formation,  and 

ceding  cases.    It  waa  nndoubtedly  some  time  in  Februazy  or  March  in 

909 


452        ANNUAL    REGI8T  E  R,  1848. 

tiiia  year,  TBiy  many  of  the  membeTB  Dublin;  but  if  it  vera  refoaed, 
ofthatAaBociatioii — and  none  more  then — he  siud  it  advisedly  and 
ConspicuouBty  than  Mr.  Meagher  deliberately — it  would  be  their  da^ 
—formed  the  design  of  effecting  a  to  figbt,  and  fight  desperately, 
revolution  by  force  of  arms.  The  The  whole  of  that  speech  would  be 
first  piece  of  evidence  he  should  in  evidence  before  diem,  and  if  it 
adduce  was  a  epeeob  deUvered  by  contained  anything  that  qualified 
Mr.  Meagher  at  a  meeting  of  the  the  pasaagea  to  wbii^  he  had  re- 
Confederation  on  the  ISth  of  ferred,  Mr.  Meagher  would  have 
March.  Of  the  accaracy  of  the  the  advantage  of  it.  In  the  uom 
report  of  that  speech,  he  beUeved  speech  he  stated  that  M.  I^maitine 
there  would  be  no  doubt ;  it  having  had,  as  they  now  knew  from  history, 
been  taken  down  by  a  gentleman  declared  that  the  Provisional  Go- 
who  had  been  especially  employed  vemment  of  France  should  be  the 
by  the  Govemment  to  do  so.  The  protectress  of  the  liberties  of  other 
meeting  to  which  he  had  alluded  nations  in  Europe.  Another  meet- 
took  place  shortly  after  the  French  ing  was  held,  and  a  deputation, 
revolution,  and  the  object  of  it  waa  consisting  of  Mr.  O'Brien,  Mr. 
to  propose  an  address  to  the  Irish  Meagher,  and  Mr.  O'Gonnan,  waa 
people,  calling  upon  them  to  vote  appomted  to  proceed  to  Fiance 
an  address  of  congratulation  to  the  with  a  congratulatory  address  from 
Provisional  Oovemment  of  France.  Ireland.  He  should  mention  that 
At  that  meeting  Mr.  Meagher  read  that  speech  was  made  the  subject 
an  address  purporting  to  be  drawn  of  a  prosecution.  Mr.  Ueagber 
upbyMr.CharlesOavanDuffy,  and  was  held  to  bail  to  answer  the 
to  be  an  address  to  the  citizens  of  charge,  but  no  further  proceeding 
Dublin,  the  object  of  which  was  could  take  place  until  the  IStfaef 
that  the  people  should  preserve  April.  The  deputation  went  to 
order  and  avoid  as  much  as  pos-  France  and  returned  early  in 
sible  a  collision  with  the  troops  at  April,  and  oh  the  ISth  of  that 
the  aggregate  meeting  of  the  citi-  month  a  toirie  vras  held  to  com- 
zens,  proposed  to  be  held  on  the  pliment  the  deputation  on  their 
ITth  or  18th  of  the  month,  to  vote  return  ;  and  at  that  meeting  Mr. 
an  address  of  congratulation  to  the  Meagher  presented  to  the  C<m- 
French  nation.  The  learned  conn-  federation  a  flag  which  he  said  be 
sel  then  read  different  parts  of  the  had  brought  from  France,  and 
speech  made  by  Mr.  Meagher  on  which,  from  his  speech,  he  seemed 
moving  the  adoption  of  the  address,  to  anticipate  would  be  the  flag 
in  which  he  advocated  the  inde-  under  which  the  struggle  would 
pendence  of  Ireland,  and  stated  take  place.  He  had  stated  that 
the  mode  in  which  he  thought  it  the  speech  of  the  15th  of  AphI 
might  be  effected.  The  speaker  was  proaecuted.  At  that  time 
proposed  that  del^ates,  elected  speeches  or  meetings  of  such  a 
from  the  chief  cities  and  towns,  character  were  by  t£e  law  of  Ire- 
should  proceed  to  London  end  de-  land  only  misdemeanours,  but  in 
mand  an  audience  of  the  Queen ;  England  they  were  high  trettson. 
if  it  were  yielded,  then  that  they  An  Act  was  accordingly  passed, 
should  implore  Her  Majesty  to  making  it  felony  in  both  countries 
exercise  her  Royal  prerogative  and  to  oompass.  imagine,  or  iatend  to 
Snmmon  a  Parliament  to  meet  in  levy  war  against  the  .Qneeb,  and 


STATE  TRIALS.  453 

to  express  Buch  iotentioii  by  open  of  Mr.  Uitchdl.  Early  in  July, 
and  advised  speaking,  or  the  pub-  he  continued,  Mr.  DuSy  and  others 
licatioD  of  any  written  or  printed  were  ajreeted,  and  it  then  became 
dooument.  That  Act  was  passed  a  matter  of  serious  consideration 
on  the  93nd  of  April,  and  in  May,  with  Meagher,  and  those  connected 
Mr.  Mitchell  was  prosecuted  under  in  this  transaction,  as  to  what 
it,  for  certain  articles  published  in  should  be  done  in  relation  to  those 
bis  newspaper.  In  the  mean  time  parties.  Accordingly,  on  the  14th 
the  charge  agunst  Mr.  Meagher  or  IDth  of  July,  proceedings  were 
had  been  brought  to  trial,  but  the  taken  by  the  Confederation  for 
jury  did  not  agree  to  a  verdict,  a  discussion  hs  to  whether  the 
At  that  period  a  number  of  clubs  time  had  then  arrived  for  the  re- 
had  been  established  in  Dublin,  volution  to  be  attempted.  One 
and  he  thought  he  ahoald  be  able  reason  B(at«d  in  May  for  the  post- 
to  prove,  by  the  evidence  of  Mr.  ponement,  was,  that  the  clubs  were 
Meagher  himself,  that  immediately  not  su£Bciently  organized,  and  in 
before  the  trial  of  Mitchell,  con-  the  early  part  of  July,  several 
saltations  were  held  as  to  whether,  members  of  the  clubs  bad  gone 
in  the  event  of  Mitchell's  conviction  through  the  conntry  to  renew  them, 
and  intended  transportation,  their  and  ascertain  their  state  of  organi- 
efibrts  should  not  be  made  to  zation,  the  object  being,  as  far  as 
rescue  him,  and  whether  an  they  could  judge  from  the  state- 
attempt  should  not  be  made  at  the  ments  of  the  difi^ut  parties,  that 
same  time  to  effect  a  revolution  there  should  be  a  simultaneous 
which  they  had  arranged  and  rising  in  the  country.  It  would 
planned,  though  the  precise  mode  appear  that,  ou  the  15th  of  that 
of  effecting  it  had  not  been  pre-  mouth,  Mr.  Meagher  held  a  Urge 
viously  determined  on.  He  would  meeting  at  Slievenamon.  At  th« 
allege  that  Mr.  Meagher  went  meeting  of  the  Confederation, 
about  night  after  night  through  therefore,  on  that  day  Mr.  Meagher 
the  clubs  for  the  purpose  of  as-  was  not  present  He,  therefore, 
certaining  their  opinions,  and  would  not  go  into  the  details  of  it, 
whether  tbey  were  prepared  at  thiU  though  it  was  probable  evidence 
moment  to  break  out  in  open  in-  of  the  proceedings  would  be  before 
Burrection;  for  it  was  downright  the  jury.  On  the  lOth  of  Jolr, 
nonsense  to  suppose  that  the  object  however,  artangemente  were  made 
was  merely  to  ttreak  out  in  arma  for  another  meeting  on  the  31st  of 
to  rescue  Mr.  Mitchell,  who  was  July,  and  at  that  meeting  Ifr. 
at  that  time  confined  in  Newgate,  Meagher  was  present ;  and  he 
in  the  city  of  Dublin,  where  there  should  produce  a  witness  who  was 
were  then  6000  or  9000  troope.  present  at  that  meeting,  and  who 
He  would  allege  also,  that  they  would  prove  that  it  was  held  for 
determined  Qltimat«lj  to  postpone  the  purpose  of  electing  a  council 
the  insurrection  until  alter  the  of  five  persons  as  a  council  of  war, 
harvest,  as  there  would  not  be  a  to  conduct  an  armed  revolution  in 
sufficient  quantity  of  provisions  the  country.  Ko  reporters  were 
before,  and  the  Government  might  present  at  that  meeting,  and  he 
starve  them  into  submission.  The  would  produce  a  person  named 
learned  counsel  then  referred  to  Dobbin,  who  was  the  representative 
the  speech  of  Mr.  Meagher  on  the  of  the  Red  Hand  Club,  and  who 
6tb<»JnBSi  after  the^ransportation  took  part  in  the  proceedings  of  the 


454        ANNUAL    REGIST  E  R,  1848. 

meetiae,  to  prove  what  occurred,  counsel,   after    detsiling  Hm  at' 

He  bu  reported  the  proceedings  cnmatuices    subsequent   to    Hr. 

of  theClubtotheGoTernmentfrom  O'Brien 'a  lesTing  Dublin  <m  the 

day  today,  and  &om  his  informa-  21stofJulj,whicDhaTebee&Btkt«d 

tioD  the  parties  had  been  pFOTented  on   the  former  trials,  condnosd, 

from  canying  out    their    pnyecL  tbat  he  waa  not  able  to  show  that 

AttempU  would  be   made  to  im-  Mr.  Meagher  was  at  Mnllinshone, 

rich  the  reracity  of  that  witness,  but  it  would  be  proved  tfaat  he  wasat 
I  he  (the  Attorney- General)  was  Ballingany,  on  Friday,  with  Ur. 
fully  prepared  to  support  his  ge-  O'Brien,  addresmng  Uie  people, 
neral  conduct  and  credit,  if  any  It  was  not  necessary  to  t£e  pri- 
Bach  attempts  were  made.  The  soner's  guilt,  to  show  that  he  was 
balloting  papers  that  were  used  at  aware  of  what  was  about  to  take 
that  meeting  of  the  21st  of  July,  place  the  following  day.  If  he  wh 
were  afterwards  found  in  the  pos-  aware  of  the  nature  of  the  pro- 
session  of  Mr.  Lalor,  who  was  oeedings  generally,  it  was  sofficienL 
preeent  at  the  meeting,  and  pro-  He  was  not  able  to  produce  any 
bably  was  a  candidate  for  the  of-  evidence ;  but  be  might  call  opco 
See  of  one  of  the  council ;  and  tbem  tp  infer  &om  the  Ikcts  proved 
Dobbin,  who  bad  never  seen  those  that  he  was  aware  of  the  prerioos 
papers  from  the  day  they  were  transaction,  of  the  general  nalnre 
used,  would  prove  that  those  were  of  the  transactions  in  which  Mr. 
the  actual  ballotiiig  papers,  and  O'Bnen  was  engaged,  and  that  it 
that  the  council  elected  was  com-  was  in  furtherance  of  that  ol^ect 
posed  of  Mr.  Meagher,  Mr.  O'Qor-  that  he  joined  that  gentleman  on 
man,  Mr.  Dillon,  Mr.  D.  Reilly,  the  Friday;  and  if  he  (the  Attomey- 
and  Mr.  M'Obee.  Immediately  General)  were  right,  then  Ur. 
after  that  election,  a  resolution  was  Meagher  was  responsibla  fw  all 
proposed,  that  the  revolution  should  the  transactions  that  occurred, 
not  be  postponed  beyond  the  8th  The  learned  counsel,  aft«r  detail- 
of  August.  Mr.  Meagher  rofused  ing  the  proceedings  on  Saturday, 
to  give  a  positive  pledge  to  that  the  QQtb,  then  read  the  letter 
effect,  but  said  he  would  use  every  written  by  Mr.  Meaner  from 
effort  in  bis  power  for  encouraging  Cahirmoyle  to  Mr.  O'Brien,  and 
the  people  by  whom  the  revolution  another  to  a  Mr.  Smith,  in  wboee 
was  to  be  effected.  He  could  pro-  possession  it  was  found  at  the  time 
duce  no  witness  to  corroborate  of  bis  (Mr.  Smith's)  srrest  The 
Dobbin ;  but  if  the  meeting  to  following  ara  extracts  from  it : — 
which  he  would  depose  were  inno-  "  Well,  as  to  pubho  opinion 
cent,  it  would  be  competent  for  the  again — the  '  Nation '  is  adnurable 
counsel  of  the  prisoner  to  produce  t^  week,  and  I  am  delighted  to 
any  man,  or  number  of  men.  pre-  find  that  Kenyon's  speech  waa  so 
sent  at  it,  to  contradict  Dobbin,  splendid.  As  to  the  'Freeman,' 
He  asked themnottogiveDobbin's  we  must  do  our  best  to  cnish  iL 
evidence  more  weight  than  it  de-  With  regard  to  Cork,  Barry  (that 
served ;  but  they  must  ask  tbem-  is  a  secret)  is  rather  tame ;  is 
selves  whether,  if  his  case  were  adverse  to  a  Confederate  move, 
true,  according  to  the  naturo  of  it,  whilst  Charley  Muiphy  and  Denny 
he  could  be  expected  to  produce  Lane  are  decidedly  for  iL  I  am 
further  evidence  to  corroborate  the  urging  tbem  with  all  my  mi^t 
testimony  of  Dobbin?  The  learned  and  ^orta  to  carry  every  point 


STATETRIALS.  455 

trinmplituitly.     There's  no  doubt  this  olgecdon  being  lieM  untenable 

we  sludl  have  the  upper  hand  in  (aa  in  the  case  of  Mr.  O'Brien)^ 

time.     The    clubs   will    do    the  Mr.   Butt  olgected   to   this   and 

business.   Don't  forget  Fnnce  and  other  apeoches  being  then  read,  as 

her  revolution."  there  was  no  proof  of  their  rele- 

Havinggoneoverthewholecase,  vane;.      The  Court  decided  th&t 

he  concluded  by  leaving  the  case  to  thej  sbonld  be  read ;    if    they 

the  jury.     As  far  ss  the  juiy  were  proved  to  be  irrelevant,  the  Court 

concerned,  it  would  be  their  duty,  would  dischai^e  them  fimn  their 

as  he  knew  it  would  be  their  inclina-  notes. 

tion,  to  aecOTtsin  what  were  the  Mr.  Hodges  then  proceeded  t« 
exact  facts  as  laid  before  them  in  read  his  notes  of  the  ioirSi  at  the 
evidence.  They,  and  they  alone,  Uuaic  Hall  on  the  return  of  Mr. 
were  to  decide  upon  that ;  butwith  O'Brien  from  France,  on  the  I5th 
respect  to  the  law,  they  most  take  it  of  April,  and  of  a  meeting  of  the 
from  the  Court  On  the  applica-  Confederation  on  the  6th  of  June^ 
tion  of  the  taw.  as  laid  down  by  the  at  which  latter  Mr.  Meagher  de- 
Court,  to  the  facts  as  proved  by  the  livered  the  speech  on  the  convic- 
evidence,  it  was  their  exclusive  pro*  tion  of  John  Mitchell, 
vince  to  decide.  If  they  calmly  The  Court  expressed  its  opi- 
and  considerately  took  those  topioa  nion  that  the  document  should 
into  their  minde.  giving  Mr.  be  made  part  of  the  case  for  tb« 
Meagher  the  benefit  of  any  reason-  prisoner. 

able  doubt  that  might  arise  from  Mr.HodgeB,whowashighIycom- 

the  evidence,  and  exist,  in  their  plimented  by  Mr.  Whiteside,  cross- 

opinioD,  as  to  his  guilt,  he  would  examined — The    Queen's   beslth 

ask  no  more ;  but  if,  on  the  other  was  given  at  the  loirSe  before  the 

hand,  the  evidence  should  satisfy  rest  i^  the  proceedings ;  "Godsare 

them  of  the  guilt  of  that  gentle-  the  Queen    was  also  [jayed.    One 

man,  he  certainly  asked  them,  on  gentleman  wished  for  the  "  Queen 

the  part  of  the  Crown,  for  that  of  Ireland,"  but  the  tosst  was  not 

verdict  which  it  was  their  duty  as  given  in  that  fonn. 

jurors  to  give;  and  he  called  on  William  Shearman,  suwoined  by 

them   to   discharge  that  duty  to  Mr.  Scott. — Was  acquunted  with 

themselves    and    to    society,    no  the   character  of  Mr.   Meagher's 

matter  how  painful  it  might  be.  handwriting.  Believed  some  letters 

J.  G.  Hodges  examined  by  the  produced  were  written  by  him. 
Solicitor  General. — ^Wos  a  ^ort- 

hand  writer,  and  had  had   great  Oetobw  ntX. 

experience    in    reporting    public  James  Stephenson  Dohbin,  es- 

meetings  and  speeches.    Attended  amined  by  the  Attorney-General, 

a  meeting  of  the  Confederation  on  — I  live  in  Dublin,  was  a  member 

the  16th  of  March,   184B.     Mr.  of  the  Red  Hand  Club.     The  clttb 

Meagher  (whom  he  identified)  made  met  on  Constitution  Hill,  and  waa 

a  speech  there.  a  branch  of  the  Curran  Club,  which 

Mr.  Whiteside  objected  to  the  met    in   Capel   Street;    in  other 

^ech  being  read,  on  the  ground  words,    it  vcas    founded    by    the 

that,  being  made  before  the  acta  by  members  of  the  latter.     It  oon-. 

which  it  was  proposed  to  prove  the  sisted   of   about  thirty  members 

intent,  it  could  not  be  evidence ;  when  I  joined ;  othais  were  adde4 


456         ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

afterwsrda.    The  Carran  coaaiated  There  was  a  general  feeling  at  the 

of  about  600  members;  many  of  meetiiig  that  Mr.  O'Brien  Hhoatd 

of    them    had    arms.      Saw    Mr.  be  elected  one  of  the   members, 

Meagher  at  the  Curran  Club  aboat  but  Mr.  Dillon  aaid  Hr.  O'Brien 

June  Hit.     The  occasion  of  the  would  be   of   greater  aerrice  in 

meeting  waa  the  presentatiou.  by  oi^anieing  the  coontiy   than  he 

Mr.  Meagher,  of  a  flag  to  the  clab.  wonld  be  in  the  oooncil.     Dilloo 

I  could  see  a  variety  of  colours  in  then  read  the  names  of  eaoh  dnb 

it.    Meagher  epoke  about  atanding  &om  a  book,  and  the  repreaenta- 

by  their  colours,  and  eetablishing  tivea  answered.     No   person  waa 

the  iudependence  of  the  country,  allowed  to  vote  unless  he  refve- 

.  Attended  another  meeting  of  the  aented  a  club.     The  election  wn 

repreaentatives    of  clubs  on   the  by  means  of  papers.     Five  were  to 

19th  of  June,  in  the  day  time :  it  be  elected.    The  balloting  p^wn 

was  to  defeat  the  Ixird-Lienteoant's  were  put   into   a  box,  and   two 

proclamation.      Mr.   O'Brien   and  scrutineers  were    appointed,  wba 

the  prisoner  were  there.    Attended  retired  into  a  back  room  with  it. 

anotber  meeting  on  the  31  Bt  of  June,  I  wrote  a  balloting  p^»eT  myself, 

when  Meagherwas  alaoprasent.    I  I  never  saw  that  paper  nntil  a  few 

went  about  8  o'clock.  The  meeting  days  before  I  was  prodooed  aa  a 

waa  held  in  consequence  of  what  witness  in  Clonmel. 
took  place  at  the  meeting  on  the        The  Attorney-General  requested 

19th.     There  were  about  a  dozen  Mr.  Keromia  to  produce  then 

people  present  when  I  first  went  and  that  gentleman  handea 

in.    Mr.  Dillon  waa  moved  to  the  to  witness. 
ohair,  Mr.  Meaner  being  present        Attorney-General. — Would  yon 

at  the  time.     Dillon  stated  from  look  throu^  those  papers  and  see 

the  chair  what  the  olgeot  of  the  if  yon  can  find  the  paper  you  wrote 

meeting  was;  it  was  to  form  an  yonrself? 

executive  conncil.  The  council  Dobbin  looked  over  them  care- 
was  stated  to  be  for  the  manage-  fDlly,8ndaft«ratimetookoDtadip 
ment  of  the  clubs.  It  was  stated  Bndsaid"Thera  isthe  one  1  wrote. 
that  aa  the  council  was  then  con-  There  were  thirty  papers  in  sU, 
stituted  their  business  would  ooze  and  in  reply  to  Lord  Chief  Justice 
out  too  much,  and  that  if  they  Doherty  be  stated  that  twen^- 
were  reduced  to  five  there  would  nine  members  and  Mr.  Dillon  bad 


letter'from  Mr.  Duffy,  who  was  in  papers  as  havipg  being  written  by 

gaol  at  the  time,  in  which  he  pro-  Mr.  M'Dermott,  Mr.  J.  F.  Lalw, 

posed  the  names  of  three  clergy-  and  Mr.  O'Hi^ns.     On  second 

men  aa  members,  namely — Rev.  thooghte,  he  Bai£  he  waa  not  dear 

Mr.  Hughes.  Rev.  Mr.   O'Mally,  on  the  latter  fiwt    Witness  farther 

and  Rev.  Mr.  Kenyon.    The  mem-  stated  the  names  of  a  number  of 

hers  exclaimed  that  it  was  to  be  a  those  who  voted,  and  amoiig  them 

council  of  war,  and  that  no  priests  was  Mr.  Meagher, 

were  to  be  on  it.     The  members  Examination    eontinued. — The 

representing  the  clubs  said  that,  persons  elected  were  Mr.  Dillon, 

The  next  thing  they  did  was  to  go  Mr.  Meagher,  Hr.  O'Gonnan,  jdn.. 

to  the  election   of   the   council.  Mr.M'Ghee.  Tberewasaneqiulity 


STATE  TRIALS.  457 

ofTOUsforLaloraiidDeTinReill;,  of  the  past  trial  for   this   pnr- 

and  on  a  new  elecUon  the  tatter  pose. 

vms  cfaoeen.     Mr.  U'Dermott  and        CroBs-essmination  continued. — 

Mr.  Lolor  propoaed  tliat  the  execa-  Was  the  council  of  the  Coofedera- 

tive  should  give  apledge  to  havea  tion  dissolved  on  the  21st?    Was 

rising  on  the  8th  of  August;  Mr.  it  intended  to  dissolve  it? — I  be- 

Meagher  objected  to  give  a  pledge  lieve  it  nas;  I  don't  know. 
tobaveariaingontheSthofAuguBt,         Did    jou    ever    epeak    to    Mr. 

butsaid  he  would  doeveiTtbiogin  Meteher?— No;  hespoketome. 
his  power  to  expedite  it  even  before        When,    and   where? — At   the 

that  day.     Billon  gave  a  similar  meetingof  the  Slat, 
pledge,  and  confirmed  it  by  "80        Whointroducedyoutothismeet- 

belp  me  God."    M'Ghee  said  he  ing? — Mr.  Dillon.    He  knew  me. 
would  do  all  in  bis  power  to  pro-        What  did  Mr.  Meagher  say  to 

mote  it  by  writing,  speaking,  and  you? — When  we  were  sepui^g 

acting.     Three  of  the  executive  at  night,  he  shook  hands  vrith  me, 

council  were  to  form  a  quorum,  and  bid  me  good  night. 
It  was  arranged  that  the  council        The  vritnesa  underwent  a  long 

was  to  sit  next  day,  to  have  four  and  most  severe  cross-examination ; 

club  meetings  next  day  in  Dublin,  the  object  being  to  ascertiun  dis- 

There  were  to  be  no  speeches  at  creponcies    between    his    present 

all,  but  the  membere'  names  were  evidence  and  that  which  he  gave 

to  be  called  out    If  the  clubs  were  on  Mr.   O'Brien's   trial,  and    to 

well  organized  it  was  considered  impute  to  him  discreditable  trans- 

that  two  hours'  notice  was  quite  actions  in  his  former  life, 
eufficieut  to  turn  them  out     The         Mr.   W.    Franklin   proved   the 

object  of  the  meeting  was  to  aa-  handwriting  of  Mr.  W.  S.  O'Brien 

certain  their  numerical  strength,  in  a  paper  produced— the  letter  to 

They  were  not  to  be  armed,  the  Mining  Company. 

Cross-examined. — Did  you   not        Augustus  Guy  examined. — Was 

swear  on  Mr.  O'Brien's  trial  that  superintendentof  theDobliopolice. 

Mr.  Meagher  was  present  at  (he  Was  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Smith  last 

meeting  of  31st  of  Jnne  ?— No.  July,  in  Old  Kilmainhom,  when  a 

Will  you  swear  that? — If  I  said  search  was  made  by  him.     Identi- 

so  then,  I  swore  what  was  not  true,  fied  a  letter  as  having  been  found 

Oh !  I  have  no  donbt  of  that,  there  by  him.     This  was  the  letter 

bnt  will  yon  telt  me  what  you  written  by  the  prisoner  to  Mr. 

swore? — I    will    positively  swear  Smith,  and  given  above. 
Meagher  was  not  at  the  meetings        Michael  Eerwick,  of  the  Dublin 

of  the  19th  and  Slst  police,  swore  that  there  was  a  club 

But  you  swore  to  the  contraiy  called  "The  Red   Hand,"  at   3, 

onMr.  O'Brien's  trial?—!  did  not  Constitution  Hill,  which  he  had 

Mr.  Whiteside. — My   Lord,   I  been  pkced  to  wotch.    The  name 

rest  this  examination  on  the  acca-  was  on  the  vrindow  blinds.     Had 

racy  of  the  newpeper  reports,  but  seen  Dobbin  since  he  came  to  Clon- 

on  this  point  I   appeal   to  your  mel;  during  the  month  of  July  had 

Lordships' notes.  observed  Dobbin  goingintotheclub 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  Block-  frequently ;   knew  a  man  named 

bume. — Tou  cannot  do  so ;    you  Nugent ;  hod  observed  him  also, 
cannot  oak  us  to  refer  to  our  notes        Thomas    Oriffin,    oonstable.— 


458        ANNUAL    REG  ISTER,  1848, 

Wu   Bt&Uoned,  on   tli«  30th  of  my  lunue  on  the  Sotordaf  im- 

July,  inBorrisoleigh,  inTip^raiy;  mediately    before    tlte    oatbraxk, 

arreated  Mr.   J.   F.   Lalor,   at  H  whatever  date  that  was.     It  was 

o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  SBth  the  SSnd. 

of  July,  at  Mr.  J.  Kennedy's,  of       Cross-examined  by  Mr.  White- 

Balleyhale.     Lalor   was    in   bed;  side. — Two  gentlemen  dined  at  his 

there  was  a  bag  in  the  room ;  ex-  house  on  the  some  day,  in  the  or- 

amined  it,  and  found  the  papers  dinary wayofhoepitality:  therewas 

produced  in  the  bag  (among  them  nothii^  Terj  remarkable  in  tiieii 

were  the  ballotiDg  papers);  kept  doing  so — nothing  treasonable, 
the  bag,  end  dehvered  it  up  to        Patrick  M'Kenna,  mail  guard  bo- 

M^or  Brownrigg,  in  Dublin.  tween  Dublin  and  Wexford,  drova 

Croaa-ezamined. —  Did  not  mark  two  gentlemen  to  Ennisoonhym 

the  papers;  gave  them  up  to  the  the  33nd  of  July. 
Deputy InspoctorGeneralofPolice        Constable  Dunleavy  stated  that 

on  the  39th  of  July;  cannot  tell  he  was  stationed  at  Enniscorthy  last 

what  became  of  them  sioce.  July.     Saw  Mr.  Meagher  there  on 

To  the  Court.— They  had  never  Sunday,  the  aSrd.  about  11  o'clocL 

been  out  of  his  eight  or  possession  Mr.  Dillon  and  Mr.  O'Brien  were 

from  the  time  he  got  them  till  he  there.  Mr.  O'Brien  introduced  the 

gave  them  up.  prisoner  to  the  people  as   "  Mr. 

James  Bums  esamined. — Knew  Meagher."  Meagher  addressed  the 
James  Dobbin.  Had  been  in  the  people,  and  said  he  always  was, 
same  office  with  him  as  solicitor's  and  ever  would  remain,  the  nnre- 
clerk.  Had  seen  him  write  often,  lenting  enemy  of  the  British  Go- 
Identified  one  of  the  ballotiDg  verament;  that  a  short  time  before 
eipers  produced  as  being  in  Dob-  he  had  addressed  50,000  men  in 
q's  hudwriting.  (Witness  was  Tipperary,  who  were  prepared,  or 
here  handed  a  paper  by  Mr.  Butt,  had  sworn,  to  do  their  duty.  He 
which  he  was  ashed  to  examine.)  also  spoke  of  the  difference  he  bad 
Had  no  doubt  the  paper  produced  had  with  the  late  Mr.  O'Connell — 
was  his  iDobbin's)  handwnting.  that  the  best  way  to  make  amends 

Major  Brownrigg  and  Mr.  Kem-  was  to  bring  the  flag  of  libertf  and 

mis.  senior,  traced  the  documents  plant  it  on  his  tomb.    Mr.  Dillm 

until  their  production  in  Court.  then  addressed   the   people,  bnt 

MarkPrender,  oneoftheDubUn  witness  conld  not  say  whether  Mr. 

police,   proved    having   seen  Mr.  Meagher   was  there.     8aw  them 

O'Brien  near  Dublin  on  the  31st  afterwards  leave  the  town  in  a  car 

of  July.  with  Mr.  O'Brien- 

On  his  cross-examination  he  said        On  being  asked  what  Mr.  Dillon 

he  had  been  for  some  time  pre-  said, 

viously  directed  to  watch  certain        Mr.  Whiteside  objected  to  the 

places  that  were  suspected.  question,  the  witness   not  being 

Mr.  O'Hara,  at  whose  house  Mr.  certain    that    Mr.    Meagher    was 

Meagher  and  Mr.  Dillon  are  stated  present  when  Mr.  Dillon  Spoke. 
to  have  joined  Mr.  O'Brien  on  the        The  Solicitor-Oenerat  contended 

morning  of  Sunday,  the  !i3rd  of  that  the  parties  having  been  proved 

July,  gave  his  evidence  with  great  to  have  been,  on  the  Slst  of  July, 

reluctance.     I  saw  Mr.  Meagher  elected  members  of  the  War  Coun- 

and  Mr.  Dillon.     They  came  to  cil,  there  was  sufficient  evidence  of 


STATE     TRIALS.  469 

R  conapino;  to  make  the  speech  of  <lre§8ed  the  people,  and  said,  if  he 

the  one  evidence  gainst  the  other,  was  as  Bura  of  all  the  men  of  Ir«- 

Tfae  Lord  Chief  Justice.— It  is  land  as  he  was  of  the  Wexford 

dearlj  evidence.  men,    he    would    not    care,    and 

The  examination  was  then  con-  finished  by  sajing  "  God  protect 

tinned. — The  witness  repeated  the  the  jnat" 

sabetanoe  of  Mr.  Dillon's  speech,  Setjeant  Dowling  remembered, 

in  which  he  said  that  the  Wexford  on    Sunday,    the    93rd    of    July, 

men  had  always  a  gun  ready  in  the  seeing  three  gentlemen  coming  into 

comer,  and  their  powder  dry.  Graigue.    Identified  Mr.  Meagher 

In  cross-examination,  Mr.  Butt  as  one  of  the  three.     Ther  stopped 

asked  witness  whether  Mr.  O'Brien  in  the  town  about  half  an  hour,  and 

said  any  thing  about  bis  arrest?  addressed  an  assembly  of  abont  300 

The  witness  replied,  he  did,  or  400  persons. 

Whereon  the  Attorney-General  CanstableMaboneyproTedseeing 

proposed  to  re-examine  the  witness  the  prisoner,  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  Mr. 

as  to  what  Mr.  O'Brien  said,  the  Dillon  at  Callan,  on  Monday,  the 

prisoner  bein^  now  connected  with  34th,  abont  one  o'clock ;  there  were 

those  prooeedingB.  After  much  dis-  800  or  900  there.     They  had  been 

cussioD  this  courae  was  allowed.  collecting  since  nine  o'dock.     Mr. 

The  witness  then  stated  the  sub-  O'Brien  addressed  the  people.  He 

stance  of  Mr.  O'Brien's  speech,  in  stood    outside    the    marketbouse. 

which  he  said  he  was  glad  that  Mr.  Ueagher  was  in  the  house  at 

clubs  had  been  established  in  the  the  time.     He  afterwards  spoke, 

town,  and  also  that  so  many  police-  and  said  he  was  glad  to  see  amongst 

men  were  there ;  that  he  bad  been  the  people  so  many  in  the  green 

received  very  favourably  in  many  cloth,  as  he  expected  himself  to 

parts  by  the  British  soldiery ;  that  wear  it  before  long.     He  told  the 

he  did  not  know  but  that  at  that  people  to  treat  them  as  brethren ; 

moment  there  was  a  warrant  for  that  they  were  all  Irishmen,  like 

his  arrest ;    and   he  finished    by  themselves  ;    that    their    fathers, 

calling  upon  the  people  to  be  pre-  mothers,  brothers,  and  sisters  were 

pared  for  any  emergency.  amongst  them  :   there  were   only 

Constable  Dillon  coi^rmed  the  two  alternatives — to  lie  down  and 

direct  evidence  ^ven  by  the  last  let  the  baiter  be  placed  about  their 

witness.  HeidentifiedMr.  Meagher  necks,  or  to  make  one  bold  and 

as  one  of  the  three  gentlemen  who  determined  effort  to  throw  off  the 

addressed  the   people  at  Ennis-  yokeandmakelrelandafreeandin- 

corthy   on   Sunday,  the    SSrd  of  dependent  nation.   Witness  further 

July.    Mr.  Mei^er  said  he  had  deposed  to  Mr  O'Brien's  speech  on 

had    the    honour   of   addreesing  the  same  occasion.    The  three  gen- 

60,000  stout  Tipperary  men,  and  tlemen  afterwards  all  went  on  the 

that  they  swore  theiy  would  do  Clonmel  road,  in  the  directioa  of 

their  duty ;    that    he  hoped   the  Nine-Mile  Hoose. 

Wexford  men  would  do  their  du^  Constable  Hamilton  proved  that, 

too.     The  people  said  they  would,  on  Monday,  the  itlth  of  July,  abont 

and  Mr.  Meagher  said  he  should  Bixo'clock,hesawMr.W.S. O'Brien 

take  that  pledge  from  them,  and  and  two  other  gentlemen  come  into 

would  remember  it  to  the  day  of  thetowD  of  Carrick-on-Snir.    Tbsr 

his  death.    Mr.  Dillon  also  ad-  went  to  the  house  of  a  Dr.  Parcel], 


460        ANNUAL    RE  GISTER,  1848. 

and  addreesed  the  people  from  one  of  Croas-examtned  b;Mr.  Bott.— 
the  windows.  Mr.  O'Brien  first  ad-  The  crowd  wero  excited,  bat  w«n 
dressed  the  people.  Mr.  Meagher  notaheerins.  Mr.  Meagher  did  iral 
then  addressed  the  people,  and  told  epeok  rapidly — perfectly  quietly 
them  he  had  not  expected  to  have  and  deliberately.  He  used  no  vio- 
seenthemagainBosoon.butthebaee  lent  gesture.  Never  beard  him 
and  bloody  GoTemroent  of  England  speak  before.  Commenced  taking 
had  taken  another  step  in  the  work  the  notes  immediately  after  the 
of  destruction ;  bat  that  for  every  speakers.  Witness  then  mider- 
Bt«p  they  took  he  would  take  an-  went  a  severe  cross-ezaminalion  as 
other,  till  they  etood  face  to  face,  to  his  power  of  reporting  these 
"  Wero  they  ready  to  stand  before  speeches,  and  the  manner  in  which 
themilitary?  Whatthey(Meagher  he  had  done  so.  Many  of  the 
and  hia  friends)  were  about  to  do  strongest  passages  were  made  sob- 
required  but  a  few  hours'  deUbera-  jects  of  croes-examinatdon,  in  order 
tion.  Then  was  the  time  to  strike  to  obtain  different  versions  of  them, 
the  blow— to  make  Ireland  for  her  Constable  Ooghlan  corrobtMsted 
lovely  aons.  Were  they  ready,  with  the  preceding  wibiess  upon  sU 
nerved  arms,  to  give  effect  to  the  material  points,  and  underwent  a 
blow?  He  was  ready,  with  those  aimilar crosa-examination. 
stalwart  bodies,  those  stout  hearts.  Constable  Oeary,  who  was  also 
through  good  or  ill  success,  to  one  of  the  police  at  Oanit^-oit 
strike  that  blow.  If  they  fell,  they  Suir,  gave  similar  testimony  as  to 
should  sink  like  the  fire-ship  of  the  the  speeches  of  Mr.  Meagher,  with 
French  Republic ;  tbey  should  sink  some  slight  variations.  He  was 
from  men  with  one  cry  of  '  Long  also  cross-examined  in  a  similar 
live  the  Bepublic,'  yrtnob  would  rise  majiner. 

to  the  hearing  of  generations  yet  Mr.  O.  Jones,  resident  aoff^ 
unborn.  There  were  many  of  them  tr&te,  stated  that  he  waa  in  <^- 
there  that  day  who  bad  children,  rick-oo-Suir  on  the  tt4th  of  July, 
who,  if  they  failed,  would  rise  in  Saw  Mr.  O'Brien  and  Mr.  Meagher 
30  years  to  come  to  avenge  their  there,  but  was  not  near  enou^  to 
fathers'  bloody  graves.  What  cared  hear  their  speeches.  There  were 
he  forall  their  power?  Theymight  at  least  SOUO  people  assembled, 
threaten  them  with  death— they  That  was  all  he  luaew  of  the  matter, 
might  tear  from  them  their  Uvea —  David  Williams,  head-constable 
more  the;  could  not,  for  they  had  of  police,  was  called,  and  was 
already  deprived  them  of  all  else  about  to  give  evidence  aa  on  his 
besides.  Death  was  the  most  they  former  examinations  with  respect 
oould  inflict.  '  Death  was  the  ut  to  Mr.  O'Brien's  visit  to  the  po 
most  bounds  of  all  their  threats,  lice  barrack  at  Mnllinahone,  when 
They  wero  about  to  renew  the  Mr.  Whiteside  interposed.  From 
bloody  scenes  of  '06.  Then  they  the  statement  of  the  Attorney- 
had  men  of  talent  to  stand  by  General,  on  opening  the  case,  he 
them.  Then,  too,  those  talented  had  underotood  clearly  that  Mr. 
men  wero  persecuted.  Then,  too,  Member  never  i^peared  in  com* 
they  had  packed  juries  and  bloody  pany  Mr.  O'Brien  after  the  occor- 
judges."  Mr.  Member  then  went  rences  at  Carrick,  except  for  a 
into  the  house.  The  crowd  ap-  short  time  on  Frii^y  night  at  the 
peared  to  be  excited.  Common.  He  submitted,  tberefbro. 


STATE  TRIALS.                461 

that  ths  immense  mass  of  evidence  „,        ,       „     , 

which  they  were  caUed  on  to  hear  Thunday,  October  19(ft. 

as  to  what  took  place  at  Mullina-  John   Tobin,    car-boy,   depofled 

hone,   EiUenaule,  and  Farrinroiy,  that  he  drove  a  car  from  Eille- 

should  not  and  could  not  be  re-  naule    towards   the    Commons    of 

ceived  against  hia  client,  who  was  Ballingarry  wldi  three  persons ;  he 

not  present  or  concerned  at  those  heard  their  names  were  Cantwell, 

places.  The  Attorney-General  con-  Leyne,  and  Meagher.     Meagher 

tended  that  the  evidence  was  per-  wore  a  chip  hat.    On  being  aidied 

fectlj  admissible.  to  identify  the  prisoner,  witness 

Lord  Chief  Jnstioe  Blackburoe  could  only  say  "  he  thought  it  was 

delivered    the  judgment  of    the  the  same  person."  The  man  in  the 

Court :— "We  are  all  dearly  of  chin  addressed  the  people.     He 

opinion  that  this  evidence  must  be  said  he  would  free  Ireland  in  three 

received.     The  authorities  are  so  months. 

distinct  that  the  law  on  this  sub-  Mary  Keenan,  an  old  crone  with 

ject  ia  beyond  all  manner  of  doubt,  a  most  significant  cast  in  her  eye. 

The  prisoner  is  indicted  for  a  levy  and  who  is  stated  to  have  had  Uke 

ot  war  gainst  the  Crown,  and  it  hononr  of  nursing  the   prisoner, 

is  admitted  there  is  evidence — no  was  brought  forward  as  a  vritness. 

matter  what  may  be  its  value — of  Oa  ascending  the  (able  she  said 

a  conspiracy  and  incitement  to  levy  — "My  Lords,  I   got  a  bribe  of 

war.     The  Crown  alleges  war  was  some  shoes  and  stockings  for  the 

actually  levied.    Now,  in  high  trea-  prosecution." 

son,  all  are  principals,  whether  they  The  Attorney-General. — Well, 

are  aocesaory  before  or  after  the  never  mind  that,  tell  us  abont  that 

fact.     An  accessory  after  tbe  fact  by  and  b;^.     You  must  now  answer 

can  only  be  tried  after  the  convio-  my  questions, 

tion  of  the  traitor,  as  is  laid  down  in  The  witness  was  then  sworn. 

Hale.     [Here  his  lordship  read  the  The  Attorney-General. — Where 

passage  in  the  PUm.]  Hue  further  do  you  live  ? 

saya  that  all  such  as  tud  or  abet  Witness.— At  the  Commons, 

the  committing   of  any  treason.  Do  you  recollect  the  day  before 

whether   present  or  absent,   are  the  attack  at  the  widow  Cormack's 

prindpals.    Again  be  says  (in  p.  house  ? — I  do. 

133) — 'If  divers  conspire  to  levy  Now,  turn  round  and  say  whether 

war,  and  some  of  them  actually  jou  know  the  gentleman  at  the 

levy  war,  it  is  high  treason  in  all  bar?— Oh,  I  got  a  bribe;  I  will 

the  conspirators,   because  all  are  say  nothing. 

prindpals.'      We  cannot  prevent  But  you  are  bound  answer  to  my 

the  Crown,  with  evidence  auch  as  question?- Oh,  I  don't  know  him. 

that  before  us,  from  proving  the  The   Attomey-GeDeral.  —  Now, 

levy  of  war."  turn  round,  and  look  at  that  gen- 

The  same  series  of  witnesses  tleman  in  the  dock.     Do  you  know 

were  again   introduced,   and   told  him? 

over   again  their  thrice-told  tale.  Witness.— Oh,  Sir)  I  got  some 
as  to  the  occurrences  at  Mullina-  shoes  and  some  stockings  and  a 
hone,  Ballingarry,  EiUenaule,  and  handkerchief.  Sir. 
Mr.  O'Brien's  portmanteau.  You  are  bound  to  answer  my 
question.     Now,  turn  round  again. 


462        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

and  say  whether  you  know  that  have  heard  of  the  proceedinge  id 

gentleman  ?— I  don't  know  him.  this  case — on  the  Dontrarj,  I  do 

Did  you  ever  see  him  before  ?  not  desire  that  jou  should  forgM 

• — The  witness  heBitat«d,   but  at  all  that  you  know  and  must  nece»- 

length  blorted  ont,  I  nerer  saw  sarily  have  read  of  the  tiiala  which 

him  before.  have  taken  place  at  this  unforta- 

The  witness,   though  severely  nat«  commission.     Hod  my  client 

pressed,  refused   to  identify  the  been  tried  first,  and  had  he  been 

prisoner.  tried  in  any  happier  portion  of  this 

Mr.  Owen  Cullen,  the  manager  empire,  I  aver  his  acquittal  would 

of  the  collieries,  and  Mr.   Fern-  have  been  certain.    But  the  At- 

barton,    the    superintendeut,    re-  tomey-Qeneral,  with  conaammate 

peated   the  testimony   they  bad  art,  has  reserved  this  case  for  the 

S'ven  on  the  former  trials,  as  to  last     The    previous    triab    have 

r.  Smith  O'Brien's  visit  to  the  paved  the  viay  for  the  conviction 

works,  and  bis  letter  to  the  Mining  of  tbe  prisoner,  and  my  learned 

Company.  &iend,  flushed  with  his  past  snc- 

William  Prinlock  also  gave  tbe  cesses,  bas  kept  the  case  of  Tho- 
same  testimony  as  before,  as  to  mas  Francis  Meagher  for  the  clos- 
Beeing  Mr.  O'Brien,  and  sereral  ing  scene  of  the  commission.  Gen- 
aentlemen  with  him,  at  Sullivan's  tlemen  of  the  jury,  you  beaid 
house  on  the  Commons,  on  the  the  Attomey-Geneiul's  aiatemenL 
evening  of  Friday,  the  28th.  He  That  statement  was  clear,  and  in 
identified  the  prisoner  as  one  of  one  or  two  respects  was  remark 
the  gentlemen  who  were  with  Mr.  able.  He  told  you  Mr.  Meagher 
Smith  O'Brien,  and  who  was  called  was  indicted  for  levying  of  war 
by  him  "  Mr.  Meagher."  The*  against  the  Queen,  and  he  further 
prisoner  addressed  the  people,  and  told  yon — I  wrote  down  the  sen- 
said  that  within  three  weeks  they  tence  as  he  spoke  it — that  it  wis 
would  have  Ireland  for  the  Irish,  not  necessary  for  him  to  prove 
Another  of  the  gentlemen  said  that  Meagher  was  present  at  the 
within  six  weeks.  levying  of  vrar,  for  that  he  wonld 

Sub-InspectorTrantandhismen  he  equally  guilty  if  he  were  seated 
repeated  their  evidence  as  to  the  in  his  parlour,  (I  presume  in  Dub- 
attack  on  Widow  Cormack's  house,  lin,)    while    all    the   transactions 

The  letter  from  Mr.  Meagher  to  spoken  of  were  takir^  place  in  your 
Mr.  O'Brien,  found  in  the  latter'a  county,  and  if  the  Attomey-Qene- 
portmantean,  that  addressed  to  ral  be  ngbt,  and  succeed  in  con- 
Mr.  Smith,  the  ballodng  papers,  vincing  the  Court  that  his  view  of 
and  Mr.  O'Brien's  letter  to  the  the  law  be  correct,  and  if  the  Court 
Mining  Company  were  put  in  and  sncceeds  in  convincing  you  that  it 
proved.  ought  to  be  adapted,  of  course  my 

Mr.  Whiteside  addressed  the  client  must  be  convicted.  But  if, 
joiy  for  the  prisoner. — In  this  case,  on  the  contraiy,  the  case  of  my 
he  said,  it  now  becomes  my  duty  client  be  heard  and  be  tried  with 
to  address  you  on  the  behalf  of  my  reference  to  eveiything  he  has 
cUent,  tbe  prisoner  at  the  bar.  I  done — with  reference  to  his  con- 
shall  not  be  guilty  of  the  silly  af-  duct  and  all  his  actions — then  his 
fectation  of  asking  you  to  dismiss  acquittal  is  certain.  Now,  the  dif* 
from  your  mind*  what  you  may  flcul^  In  my  way  is  to  have  bim 


STATE  TRIALS.                 463 

tried  according  to  the  principles  of  police  at  Mnllinahone.  Not  one  of 
commOQ  sense  and  common  justice  these  things  did  tlie  prisoner  do. 
.—by  the  fundamental  rule  of  our-  The  mere  operation  of  drilling  and 
law,  that  one  man  is  not  to  be  af-  marshaUing  did  not  amount  to 
fected  bythe  declarations,  speeches,  high  treason.  The  means  hj  which 
and  conduct  of  another,  unless  that  treason  was  committed  was  by 
other  is  in  effect  almost  himself —  overt  acts,  and  accordingly  all  the 
that  is  to  say,  identified  in  one  overt  acts  charged  in  this  case  were 
pnrpaseandoneobject.aDdthatthe  set  out  in  this  indictment.  The 
identical  purpose  stated  in  the  in-  learned  counsel  then  proceeded  to 
dictment ;  to  affect  Mr.  Meagher,  give  an  animated  account  of  the 
my  client,  with  any  thing  which  past  life  of  the  prisoner,  and  his 
has  been  said  or  spoken  by  another,  connexion  with  the  agitatioii  for 
unless  on  such  grounds,  is  simply  the  peaceable  and  Uwflil  repeal  of 
to  deny  the  first  principles  of  jua-  the  Union  between  the  two  couo- 
tice,  and  to  violate  the  law  you  tries.  The  learned  counsel  then 
are  to  administer.  Now,  what  is  commented  severely  upon  the  con- 
the  offence  with  which  the  prisoner  duct  of  the  Crown  officers  in  mak- 
is  Gharf|ed  ?  It  is  with  a  levy  of  in^  speeches  deUvered  long  ago 
war  agamst  the  Queen.  I  will  ad-  evidence  in  the  present  indictment, 
dress  you  very  shortly  about  this  and  then  went  at  length  into  the 
part  of  the  cose.  The  learned  documentary  evidence  which  had 
counsel  then  explained  his  view  of  been  produced, 
the  law  of  treason,  and  depicted  in  />  . 
Btrong  colours  the  doctrine  of  the  OcUAer  28rd. 
Attorney-General  that  the  prisoner  Mr.  Whiteside  resumed  his  ad- 
sitting  in  his  parlour  could  be  con-  dress. — In  reference  to  the  Depu- 
victed  for  treasonable  practices  tation  to  the  revolutionary  Govem- 
dooe  by  other  parties  at  a  dis-  ment  of  France,  he  said  there  was 
tance.  You  were  no  doubt  sur.  nothing  treasonable  in  that;  at 
prised  to  hear  that  when  Mr.  the  time  of  the  first  revolution 
ifeagher  might  have  been  sitting  much  worse  things  than  that  had 
in  his  parlour  in  Dublin  he  was  been  done,  but  the  parties  accused 
^uil^  of  levying  war  in  open  field  were  acquitted.  He  then  took  up 
in  Tipperary.  But  that  was  his  the  evidence  of  Dobbin,  the  ap- 
propositioii.  How  does  he  make  prover,  which  he  unmercifully  dis- 
itout?  In  this  way: — Mr.  Meo-  sected.  The  learned  counsel  then 
gher,  with  several  persons  who  are  proceeded  to  'comment  npon  the 
not  mentioned  in  the  indictment,  speeches  made  by  Mr.  Meagher, 
engage  in  a  certain  object.  The  and  which  were  relied  on  by  the 
indictment  and  the  law  are  so  Crown.  He  dissented  altogether 
cantiansly  framed  that  they  are —  from  the  doctrine  that  the  sub. 
if  I  can  use  such  on  expression  stance  of  words  was  enough  to  oon* 
mtb  respect  to  the  law — formed  to  vict  a  man  of  high  treason.  The 
blind,  to  deceive,  and  entrap  the  substance  of  words  would  not  suf- 
prisooer  with  respect  to  the  charges  fico  in  an  action  for  slander,  and 
against  him.  In  the  indictment  should  it  be  received  by  the  jury 
he  is  charged  with  having  marched  against  their  fellow-man  on  trial 
in  arms  at  Ballingarry ;  with  hav-  for  his  life  7  No  one  could  be  safe 
ing  erected  barricades  at  Kille-  if  what  a  man  thought  was  the 
nwle,  with  having  attacked  the  rabstanoe  of  another's  observatiiniB 


464        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

could  be  adranoed  a^net  the  Utter  tb^  had  nothing  bat  speetdies. 
in  a  criminal  prosecution.  The  Where  did  Mr.  Ueagher  ann? 
mcwt  pious  and  Tirtuoas  senti^  -Nowhere.  Where  did  he  fight? 
menta  could  be  perverted  utterly  Nowhere.  Where  did  he  tevjmr? 
bjr  taking  a  sentence  here  and  a  Nowhere.  Whom  did  he  attack? 
aentenoe  there ;  and  jet  this  was  No  one.  But  the  Attrnm^-Gene- 
the  course  adopted  bj  the  police-  lal  told  them  he  was  gnU^.  It 
men  who  gave  evidence  of  the  irea  in  their  power  to  believe  or 
epeechea.  He  appealed  to  their  deny  that  assertion;  but  he  had 
consdeuce  and  honour  that  when  no  heeitation  in  saying,  if  they 
the  Judge  laid  those  speeches  be>  found  a  verdict  on  euch  eridence, 
fore  them  as  quoted  by  the  police-  they  would  deluge  their  country  in 
men  they  should  at  once  r^ect  innocent  blood.  Having  amdyzed 
them.  If  there  was  to  be  any  the  evidence  of  the  witneaaes  at 
sftfety  for  life  and  liberty,  let  them  length,  the  learned  gentlemen  ad- 
r^ect  such  evidence  as  that.  Xiet  dreesed  himself  to  the  jury  in 
them  not  find  a  man  guilty  of  high  a  peroration  of  remarkable  eto- 
treason — not  upou  the  words,  but  quence,  and  enforced  upon  them 
— good  God  Almighty  I — the  sub-  in  the  strongest  terms  the  unnsoal 
stance  of  the  words  spoken  by  him  nature  of  the  proeecution,  the 
— a  young  and  perhaps  an  ardent  mode  in  which  it  bad  been  carried 
and  unthinking  man.  Such  waa  out,  and  the  consequences  to  arise 
the  evidence  which  had  atruck  from  a  cooviction  on  the  personal 
down  liberty  in  the  despotic  coun-  libertiea  of  the  subject.  The 
tries  of  the  world.  "  Words  "  had  learned  gentleman  concluded  his 
sacrificed  victims,  and  those  da-  loug  and  brilliant  address  vrilh 
tiona  were  now  struggling  to  get  thrae  words :-~"  I  only  aak  yon  to 
free  from  auch  a  boo^ge.  In  me  act  in  conformity  with  the  law,  and 
name — the  solemn  name — of  God,  I  tell  you  the  honest  verdict  of  ac- 
he asked  them,  would  they  rerive  quittal  will  be  hailed  with  delight 
those  bad  laws  for  these  speeches  by  all  reflecting  men,  by  your 
in  Dublin  and  these  qieeahes  in  countrymen  throughout  the  wide 
the  countiy  proved  by  policemen  world,  with  gnitituae ;  and,  better 
who,  like  stupid  schoolboys,  went  still,  it  will  receive  the  laadi^  ap- 
over  their  leasmis  by  rote,  and,  if  probation  of  the  impartial  monitor 
interrupted,  resorted  to  their  caps  within  your  hearts.  Posterity  will 
for  the  memoranda  which  they  remember  and  bless  your  names ; 
conned  over  in  the  back  passages  it  will  be  said  of  you,  that  when 
of  the  Court?  The  learned  Ckmnsel  impanneled  in  a  time  of  unparal- 
then  proceeded  to  the  evidence  leled  excitement  you  did  your 
against  the  prisoner  from  Graigue  duty  between  the  Crown  and  the 
down  to  Farrinrory.  Every  speech  sul^ect,  and  executed  justice  tem- 
noted  down,  every  step  tracked ;  pemtely,  wisely,  recondling  many 
what  would  become  of  the  country,  to  the  law  who  had  doubts  of  its 
if  this  system  were  pursued  ?  But  impartiality  and  fairness ;  that  you 
down  to  his  arrival  at  Garrick  no-  would  not  listen  to  sophistry,  nor 
thing  was  brought  against  him  but  convict  your  fellow-creature  on 
speeches, speeches, speeches!  How  coiyocture  and  guess;  that  you 
were  they  reported  ?  By  ignoraut  struck  down  the  odious  doctrine 
policemen.  Other  men  had  been  of  constructive  treason,  and  ror 
convicted   for   their  aoti.    Here  stored  the  law  to  the  noble,  aim- 


STATE    TRIALS.  465 

plidlT  in  which  it  waa  fashioned  agunet  the  prisoner  at  the  Imu:, 

hy  a  free  and  Tirtooufl  anceitry.  and  to  bring  it  dbtinctly  before 

May  that  law,  not  a  law  of  aubtlV  jon,  ao  that,  when  yon  txaao  to  ap- 

ties  and  qslrka,  quibblea  and  coQ'  p)y  the  evidence  to  it,  you  may  be 

Btmctions,  hot  a  Um  of  brood  rea-  nnder  no  nriaapprehemion  with  re- 

son,  be  perpetnal  as  the  greatness  spect  to  iL     It  is  your   doty  to 

<rf  tiw  people  from  whom  it  springs,  decide  npon  the  credit  which  the 

and  may  the  &ee  and  happy  con-  witnesses  are  to  receive' — to  decide 

Aitution,  defended  and  gnarded  by  npon  the  weight  and  vahie  of  this 

that   law,    fionrish    in    onbrokec  efidenoe — to  apply  ttiat  evidence 

■trength  md  sfJendoor,  until  that  to  the  ohaxge  preferred  gainst  the 

dread  day  on  wMch  we  are  taoght  prisoner.     The  <liarge  in  this  case 

to  hetieve  this  fabric  of  nature  u  that  of  haring  levied  wsr  against 

mmtbediaeolvedinetemalashes."  the  Queen  in  her  realm;  and  va- 

Seine  evidence  was  adduced  <»i  rioiis  aote  are  stated  ia  the  indiet- 

hehalf  <^  the  priaone? ,  chiefly  to  ment  of  that  levying  of  war ;  and 

Aow  that  his  sfaars  in  the  agi-  the  prisoner  ie  charged  by  the  in* 

tation    bad    been  peaceable    and  dictment  with  having  done  those 

constitutional;   the    character   of  acta.      The    charge    of   levying 

Dobbin  was  also  attacked.  war,  in  the  form  ef  this  indictment, 

Mr.  Butt  then  addressed  the  may  mean   either   an  actual   ap- 

jury  for  the  prisoner  with  great  pearing  in  arms  vrith  the  purpose 

powar ;   but  it  weald  answer  no  charged,  or  it  m^  mean  diat  the 

good  imrpose  to  give  a  summary  prisoner  hn  ineited  others  to  ap- 

ef  hs  spaeeh:    what  there  was  pear  in  anns,  and  he  may  be  guilty 

ef  ailment  has  been  given  be^  of  the  crime  of    levying  war  u 

Ion ;    and  hia  eloquence  cannot  others  appear  in  arras,  though  he 

be   preserved   in  short   extracts,  has  not  dene  so,  provided  they  de 

The  learned  gentUnuta   did  not  it  on  his  advice,  incitement,  w 

eendiide  hii  address  nntil  late  an  procurement.     You  wiD,  therefore, 

the  second  day.  observe,  tiMt  in  the  conaideratioa 

of  the  ease  yoa  will  have  two  facts 

Oetottr  aigt.  ^  decide — first,  whether  war  waa 

actually  levied ;  seooodfy,  whether 

The    8olicitorO«i«i«l    replied  the  prisoner  was  actually  Resent, 

aa  behalf  of  the  Crown.— For  the  or,  if  he  waa  not,  if  those  acts  con- 

eane  reasons  hit  verjr  Me  argu.  Btisuting  a  levy  of  war  taok  place ; 

ments  upoa  the  points  raised  by  off  wheUier,  though  net  present, 

the;  ceansel  for  the  pnsoner  are  he  indted,  advised,  and  aided  diose 

omitted ;    the    positions   sesailed  by  whom  the  war  was  levied.  Yos 

were  reaaserted  and  supported.  have  in  the  eoarae  o(  this  case 

The  I<ord  Chief  Justice  Black-  heard  repeatedly  thfa  powtion  laid 

bttne   then    oharged    the    Jury,  down — that  in  Ugh  tivaeon  then 

Qentlemenr  of  the  Jvry, — ^Aiter  a  are  no  acoeseories,  bnt  diat  all  an 

long  and  patient  inveMigation  of  principals.      If  one   man  incitas 

this  oaaeitis  now  in  yoar  hands,  aaother  to  commit  murder,  «ad 

md  into  your  hands  exclasively  the  that  murder  is  committed,  he  not 

law    devolvee    its    detenniaation.  being  present,  tlu   man   inoitii^ 

It  is  new  my  duty  to  state  to  you  the  oihar  is  what  is  called  an  ae- 

&e  nature  it  the  charge  prafemd  esisoiy,  and  he  must  he  indieted. 

Vol.  XO.                    "^  g  fi 


466        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 

Then  brought  to  justice,  in  a  pe-  surrectioi]  witli  force,  it  wbb' to  that 

euliar  form — he  must  be  indicted  I  adverted  juat  now  as  being  ■ 

as  an  accessoiy  before  the  &ct,  and  matter    scanely    of    controTeisj 

such  is  the  form  of  the  indict-  either  atthebarorontheeTidence. 

ment:  but  in  high  treason  all  are  The  eveots  which  have  a  direct 

principals ;  the  man  who  incites  bearing  on   that  matter  are  com- 

to  the  oommisaion  of  war,  or  any  prised  in  the  history  of  those  five 

other  species  of  treason,  is  held  to  aisastrous  daya  commencing  on  the 

be  himself  guilty,  and  to  atand  ia  SSthofJuljand  terminating  on  th« 

the  eome.  degree  of  gnUt  with  the  S9th.     [Of  these  tranaactionB  hk 

persoB  who  actually  oonunits  the  lordship  gave  a  brief  summaiy.] 

crime  of  treason;   or,   in  a  few  Therefore,  with  respect  to  this  put 

short  words,  he  who  incites  to  war,  of  the  case,  there  is  no  difficult  in 

if  WOT  be  levied,  himself  levies  war  dealing  with  it;  and  now  I  pro- 

within  the  meaning  of  the  phrase,  ceed  to  assist  you  as  far  as  I  am 

and  according  to  Uie  authority  of  able  in  considering  that  which  il 

the  law.     So  that,  if  you  should  be  matter  for  your  most  seriona,  n- 

of  opinion  that  the  levy  of  war  nute,  and  patient  consideiatioii— 

whicn  took  place  was  at  the  indto-  that  is  the  question,  did  the  pii- 

ment,  procurement,  or  by  means  soner  at  the  bar  incite  or  procon 

of  a  oonspiraey  to  which  the  pri-  the  levying  of  this  war  ?    Bid  he 

soner  was  a  party,  he  is  as  guilty  oonspire  to  have  it  levied  ?    DH 

in  the  eye  of  the  law — as  much  a  he  aid  in  the  levying  of  it?    Ifb< 

piindpol — as  if  he    actually  ap-  did,  although  he  wbb  not  himsdf 

peared  in  arms.    That,  gentlemen,  present  on  any  of  those  occasiana 

is  the  law ;  there  can  be  no  mis-  I  have  referred  to,  he  would  be  u 

understanding  about  it    You  will  guilty  as  if  he  were  the  movar 

therefore  cany  in  your  minds  this  himself.    The  evidence  by  mtitk 

as  the  reanlt,  the  clear  result  of  it  is  sought  to  implicate  the  vn- 

the    first    legal    authorities,    the  soner  consists  of  speeches,  and  it 

settled  law  in  the  land— that  he  will  be  right  for  me  to  tell  ym  in 

who  advises,  indtes.  or  conspires  what  light  you  should  regard  them, 

to    levy    war,    if  war   be    after-  and  for  what  purpose  ^one  they 

wards  aotually  levied,  is   himself  ought  to  serve  in  your  inveatjgi- 

chargeable    with    the    crime    of  tioQ  of  the  case.  If  these  speecbia 

having  actually  levied  war,  though  are  mere  general  essays  or  eihoiti^ 

that  war  may  have  been  levied  in  tions  unconnected  with  any  tita- 

his  own    personal   absence.       In  sonable  purpose  or  design,  thej 

order  to  constitute  a  levying   of  do  not  and  ought  not  to  hear  npon 

war   it  is   necessary  that   there  the  issue  in  question.    You  oii^t 

should  be  an  insurrection — an  in-  to  be  satisfied,  in  my  judgment, 

eurreotion  with  force  for  some  ge-  that  they  both  indicate  a  treasoo- 

Deral  object ;  you  will,  therefore,  able  intention  and  point  to  the  exe- 

in  the  first  instance,  have  to  con-  oution  of  that  intention — in  other 

aider,  was  there  an  insurrection  words,  that  they  were  uttered  with 

with  force?    Unless  that  be  esto-  the  design,  to  be  acted  upon  it 

blished    to    your    satisbction,   of  some  futoie  period  by  some  meana 

course  the  charge  ^(unst  the  pri-  or  other  of  exciting  an  insnirectiiHi 

soner  must  fall  to  the  ground ;  but,  in  this  country.     I  fully  agree  in 

of  the  fact  that  there  was  on  in-  the  ergumenl^  of  the  prisoner'a 


STATE  TRIALS.                 467 

connsel,  that  it  is  not  enough  to  if  neooesaiy.  It  mil  be  for  you  to 
take  np  a  speech  and  say  that  it  is  oonrider  upon  the  evidence  whether 
eeditiooa  or  an  imputation  on  the  vhat  samequently  occnrred  was 
lojaltj  01  principles  of  the  person  not  an  expansion  of  the  same 
who  uttered  it;  bnt  they  are  evi-  system — whether  it  wag  not  an 
dence  bearing  on  the  issue,  if  you  identical  body  iu  principle,  in  go- 
look  at  these  speeches  and  the  Tcmment,  and  in  object  with  that 
evidence  you  have  heard  for  the  which  was  ready  on  the  flth  of 
purpose  of  finding  out  whether  an  June,  and  before,  to  burst  into 
intention  eiisted,  and  whether  open  rebellion.  We  know  from 
thoee  speeches  were  delivered  in  the  evidence  of  the  prisoner  him- 

{iroeecution  of  that  intention."  His  self  that  the  cluba  were  the  places 
ordship  then  read  and  com-  in  which  this  treason  was  hatched 
mentea  on  the  speeoh  of  the  16th  — in  which  treason  and  disloyal^ 
«f  March  and  others,  and  left  it  flourished  as  in  their  proper  soil — 
to  the  jury  to  say  whether  these  and  frem  which  was  to  emanate 
did  not  show  treasonable  designs,  that  strength  which  was  to  en- 
His  lordship,  after  reading  some  counter  the  power  of  the  empire 
passages  of  the  speech  which  was  itself.  It  is  said  that,  if  the  prisoner 
made  on  the  6th  of  June,  and  re-  had  rescned  or  attempted  to  rescue 
lated  to  the  suggested  rescue  of  Mr.  Mitchell,  that  was  a  pardcular 
Mitchell,  said,  "Other  disclosures  object,  and  therefore,  not  being  ge- 
in  thia  document  anthorize  me  to  neral  in  its  nature,  did  not  amount 
say  that  there  was  a  conspiracy,  as  to  high  treason.  How  that  might 
treasonable  a  conspirat^  aa  ever  be  I  need  not  now  say,  but  as  an 
existed  in  any  country ;  end  one  abstract  point  of  law  it  is  not  high 
of  the  objects  of  this  n)eech  was  treason.  But  the  question  now  is, 
to  joBtiiy  the  speaker  for  having  did  this  gentleman  advise  the  levy- 
promoted  an  insurrectionary  move-  ing  of  war  ?  Upon  that  question 
ment  for  the  purpose  of  reacning  it  is  important  to  say  that  he  had 
Mitchell.  That  was  the  merit  of  already  an  organized  armed  body 
the  speech — he,  having  the  power,  under  the  command  of  him  and 
had  exercised  that  power  so  as  to  his  associates,  ready  to  start  into 
prevent  that  insurrection.  He  existence  and  operation;  and  it 
first  advised  it — he  afterwards  will  be  for  you  to  say  whether 
withdrew  that  advice,  and  for  very  yon  can  discover  in  die  events 
obvious  reaaons."  After  reading  Bubseqaent  to  the  6th  of  June 
a  further  part  of  the  same  speech,  any  diange  of  purpose,  any  de- 
his  Lordship  said: — "That  shows  psrture  from  that  system  inoon- 
what  was  the  power  which  this  sistent  with  what  he  then  said; 
gentleman  and  the  othera  hod  over  and  whether  all  that  afterwards 
this  body  in  restraining  them.  I  oonuTed  wss  not  a  propagation  of 
need  not  say  that  thoee  who  could  the  same  open  revolution,  and  a  re- 
restrain  could  impel  them  into  iteration  of  the  same  speeches,  1^ 
action,  and  'the  others'  whom  force  to  accomplish  the  same  objeote. 
the  speaker  alluded  to  were  the  The  next  evidence,  and  important 
movers  and  governing  power  of  evidence  it  is,  is  the  evidence  of 
this  Confbderation,  existmg,  and  Dobbin ;  but  it  is  for  you  to  con- 
fit  and  capable  of  acting,  on  the  sider  whether,  if  you  disbelieve  all 
0th  of  June,  and  before  that  day,  that  b  sworn  to  by  Dobbin,  you 

ana 


468       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

vonld  oot  find  ia  this  ewe  ^ound  mea ;  ud  it  has  been  broadlj 
br  Bostaiaiag  the  charge  i^Miist  stated  that  these  maa  oagbt  sot 
the  priaofwr.  If  yon  consider  tha  to  be  asked  now,  aad  shoitld  not 
evidence  of  thia  witoeaa  oerrobo-  here*ftor  be  asked,  to  pwferm  dn^ 
raied  hy  other  circumstanceB.  and  of  a  aimUar  character.  I  ouuwt 
tnutwoitby  in  itaelf,  you  should  ooncnr  in  that  obaemtioB.  I 
eppl}'  it  to  the  facts ;  but,  if  yen  think,  when  pec^  go  tfarongh  the 
Mtertaio  anj  ration^  doabt  with  eonntr;  ooliecting  orewda  and 
iMpeot  to  his  evideBce,  joa  sbooU  harangniog  them,  h  ia  &e  da^  ef 
dumisa  it  at  once  from  the  coae,  the  police  te  vaUdi  and  otewre 
and  see  if  tliere  is  not  other  eti-  proceediage  af  the  kind,  and,  a» 
deace  a^nst  the  pri8<mer  that  he  W  as  theil  meacts  allow,  to  be 
■rated  thia  iasorrectionarj  move-  particular  and  preeiae  in  reporting 
■HDt.  The  Crown,  in  the  next  transactions  of  each  a  chaneter. 
stage  of  tlie  oftse,  has  bnm^t  for-  I  faUy  agree  in  thia — that  in  re- 
ward eTideacB  ot  vety  oonnderaUe  porta  of  speeches  hj  sad>  penona 
value,  which  ia  increaaed  by  the  ^re  must  he  a  total  mat  of  the 
eirctimstance  that  it  ooeurs  iouse-  acenracy  whicb  is  ebeerred  k^  m- 
diately  before  ibe  actual  ioBurreo-  sods  who  poeaesa  tba  skill  a  Mr. 
titm.  [Hia  lordship  then  pro-  Hoi^ee ;  it  is  tne  tbu  i>  tte  IM- 
eeeded  to  stale  the  evidence,  and  tare  of  things  tbe;  csanot  report 
commented  on  it  as  he  proceeded.}  them  acettratdy ;  bat,  om  the  other 
Ur.  O'Brieci,  the  leader  in  that  in-  baud,  I  mmt  say  that  it  is  plainly 
aurreotJon,  le£t  DubUn  on  Sator-  and  distinetly  Ud  down  m  k» 
day,  23nd  of  Joly.  That  he  waa  that  it  ia  net  naeeasaiy  for  the 
at  the  head  of  the  rebellion  ia  be-  pnrpoaa  of  evidenoe  that  theae 
ywid  all  queation.  On  the  night  speedies  should  be  literally  and 
of  that  diiy  Mr.  Dillon  and  Mr.  aceurateliy  renofted;  it  ia  enot^ 
Ueagfaer  joined  Mr.  O'Biien,  and  if  the  jury  be  aatisfied  that  at 
<Kt  Saturday,  July  23;  titej  ap-  substance  of  the  tkiog  spefcen  hj 
paand  in  Eannoorttor.  Pemit  the  accnsed  be  accoiately  i^xnteo. 
M»  agua  to  repeaA  the  observation  His  lotdsUp  here  ^aetwl  ta  an- 
wilb  which  I  began,  that  if  yon  thedty  to  show  that  th*  aabtmee 
find  a  oontinuatioa  of  the  same  of  worda  was  safficiaM  ta  prove 
syvtem,  the  same  projects,  and  a  intent  in  treaeoa.  So  ia  the  very 
prtrfessiott  of  Uie  saEoe  principles,  ease  of  high  tosMon,  when  eonnsri 
amd  an  incalcation  of  the  sante  ad-  contMidod  against  ^ta  admismon 
viae  in  the  subsequent  period  ol  of  such  evidrane,  it  ia  the  Istw  of 
hie.  conduet  which  appears  to  have  the  land  that  th*  substance  of 
entered  iato  the  prisoner's  address  words  is  admiauhle  evidence,  sab- 
of  the  8tb  of  Jane,  you  have  to  ject  of  ootuaa  to  th«  elgeetims 
consider  whether  he  had  under-  which  arise  on  the  pvonds  of  pn^ 
gone  any  change  of  opiaiim  or  had  babiUly  of  oMeonoeptifla  and  the 
abandoned  his  designi  The  evi-  chance  of  nuatate.  I  ebiU  now 
denoe  I  am  aboiMi  to  road  to  you  call  your  attention,  geadeoMt  of 
has  bsMi  most  viftleMlly  sssfiled  by  the  joiy,  to  tbei  speechst  in  de- 
coonsal,  on  the  ground  that  it  is  tail ;  and  it  is  a  &c(  whin^  yon 
utterly  useleas  for  the  foundatioQ  cannot  avoid  careying  m.  your  n- 
of  a  vardict ;  I  ref^r  to  the  reports  collectioa,  that  here  are  diree  pei- 
(t£  the  speechai  made  hy  police-  B(nu,lkto^M^D31iHi.andO'BnBD. 


STATE    TRIALS. 


(m  the  Sabbath-da}r,  going  fnm 
place  to  place,  tnvelling  toother, 
and  speaking  in  Boccesaion  to  iiial- 
titudea,  and  all,  uiti^pearatDine, 
for  the  aame  parpoee ;  and  it  will 
be  for  you  to  lay  what  that  ot^ect 
tras,  and  wliat  indoced  them  Is 
pnreae  Uua  ooodoct.  If  jou  bare 
a  doobt  on  jonr  nuad,  from  the 
waj  in  trtiich  tJtese  apeedies  are 
reported,  that  there  has  been  any- 
thing omitted  irtiich  oould  qualify 
the  meaning  of  a  speech,  yoa  are  to 
look  upon  that  speech  as  if  it 
neter  existed.  It  is  for  jou  to 
■ay  if  JOB  think  the  statemHitB  of 
the  police  agree,  or  if  thej  had 
any  motiTe  for  committing  penury 
in  their  eridenoe.  The  pnaoner  8 
oonnael  have  argued  that  they  were 
not  called  on  to  proTe  what  became 
of  him  dQiimg  a  portion  of  these 
tianaactioBa,  ^t  the  fair  presump- 
tioD  of  facts  bound  him  to  fiiraiBh 
Bome  explaitttian.  There  is  Tery 
•troDg  evidenoe  against  the  pri- 
soner of  an  intention  to  excite  re- 
bellion. He  was  in  direct  con- 
nection with  the  leaders  of  the  re- 
bellion daring  the  SSrd  and  -iHh 
of  July."  His  lordship  went  through 
hia  DOtea  of  the  evidence,  which 
has  already  appeared  in  the  course 
of  tfad  trials,  and  in  condusioo, 
having  commented  on  it  very  mi- 
nutely, aaid,  "  Thie  is  the  whole  of 
the  evidenee  for  the  prosecution 
and  the  de&nce,  and  it  is  for  yon 
to  say  whether  the  prisoner  is  by 
(his  evidence  satiB&ctorily  shown 
to  have  incited  this  levy  of  war ;  if 
there  was  a  levy  of  war;  and 
v^ether  he  was  aiding  and  aseist- 
ing  at  it.  I  have  now  done  my 
dn^;  it  remuns  for  yon  to  dia- 
chaise  yonrs.  If  yoa  have  B  rea- 
sonable doubt  as  to  the  guilt  of 
the  prisoner,  you  are  bound  to  give 
to  the  prisoner  the  benefit  of  that 


donbt.  If;  on  the  other  hand,  yon 
are  of  opinion  that  he  participated 
in  the  original  design— that  all  the 
acts  done  in  execution  of  that  de- 
sign were  resolved  on  and  com- 
mitted by  him — tfaot  his  fixed  de- 
termination on  the  6th  of  Jane 
was  not  abandoned— and  that  he 
was  in  oonnection  with  the  leaders 
of  the  movement  up  to  a  few  houn 

SBvious  to  the  outbreak  of  die  re- 
llion — yon  must  find  him  guilty." 
The  jury,  afterlong  deliberation, 
found  a  verdict  of  "  Guilty,"  with 
a  unanimous  recommendation  of 
mercy  from  the  prisoaer's  youth, 
and  for  other  leaeons. 

October  ZZrd. 

This  morning  savenl  prisonen 
of  minor  note  wens  placed  at  the 
bar  to  plead  to  their  seveml  in- 
diotmenta.  They  each  pleaded  not 
guilty,  apparently  for  the  eake  of 
taking  the^nefit  of  the  technical 
pleas  raised  in  the  other  oasea. 

The  Solicitor-General. — I  have 
now  to  apply  to  your  lordships 
that  Terence  Bellew  M'Monna, 
Fatri«J(  O'Donoghue,  and  TliomaS 
Fianois  Meagher,  may  be  brought 
to  the  bar  to  receive  the  judgment 
of  the  Court. 

They  ware  oocoidingly  placed  at 
the  bar. 

The  clerk  of  the  Orowu  (having 
read  the  indictment),  aaid — What 
have  you,  Terence  Bellew  H'Ma- 
nus,  now  to  say  why  sentence  of 
death  should  not  be  passed  upon 
you? 

M'Manns. — Uy  Lords,  I  trust  I 
am  enough  of  a  Christian  and  of  a 
man  to  understand  the  awful  le- 
sponeibilily  of  the  question  which 
has  been  put  to  me.  Standing 
npon  this  my  native  aoil,  standitw 
in  on  Irish  court  of  jnstioe,  ana 


470        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

before  the    trisli  nation,  I   had  fore,'  I  have  only  to  aa^.  It  is  not 

much  to  say  why  aentence  of  death  for  haTing  loved  Engluid  leea,  bat 

should  not  be  passed  upon  me,  and  for  having  loved  Irslsod  more,  that 

why  the  sentence  of  the  Isir  should  I  now  stuid  before  yon. 
not  be  pronounced  againet  me ;         O'Donoghne,  on  being  asked  hf 

but  upon  entering  into  this  Court  I  the  derk  of  the  Crown  what  h« 

placed  my  life,  and,  what  is  of  had  to  say,  spoke  as  follows: — I 

more  importance  to  me,  my  honour,  beg  to  say  that  the  Attomey-Ge- 

in  the  hands  of  two  advocates,  and,  neral    and    the    Solicitor- Qeneial 

if  I  bad  a  thousand  lives  and  ten  have  condact«d  the  case  against 

thousand  honours,  I  should  have  me  fairly  but  strictly,  and  mat  £ 

been  content  to  place  them  all  find  no  fault  with  uiem,  nor  with 

under  the  watchful  and   glorious  the  evidence  given  against  me,  as 

genius  of  the  one,  and  under  the  far  sa  it  was  stated  to  the  jnij* 

patient  zeal  and  devotion  of  the  My  lords,  I  do  complain  thsl  in 

other.     I  am,  therefore,  content  aiuib  a  oonntry  as  this  the  jorora 

on  this  point,  and  have  notbiug  to  summoned  to  try  me — a  stnuiger 

say  with  regeuxl  to  it.     I  hsve  this  — for  a  political  offence  were  ex- 

to  say,  whidi  no  advocate,  however  dusively  my  political  oi^MmentB. 

anxious  and  devoted  he  may  be,  and  with  such  a  panel  I  regret 

can  aa.v  for  me — I  have  tms  to  that  your  lordshipe  did  not,  as  my 

say — that  whatever   part   I  may  oounsel  requested,  allow  my  jniy 

have  taken  in  my  struggle  for  my  to  be  called  from  those  who  had 

country's  independence — whatever  not  served  or  had  been  r^ected  on 

part  I  may  have  acted  in  my  short  a  former  trial.    The  jury  thus  so- 

career,  I  stand  before  your  lord-  leoted  could  not  be  supposed  to 

ships  now  with  «  free  heart  and  overoome  all  bios,  and  I  believo 

light  conscience,   ready  to  abide  they  found  a  moat  mistaken  ver- 

the  issue  of  your  sentence.     And  diet.    Mr.  Justice  Moore  in  his  di- 

now,  my  lords,  in  this,  which  may  rection  told  the  jury  that,  if  I  as- 

be  the  fittest  time  for  me  to  put  sisted  Mr.  O'Brien  whilst  engsged 

this  sentiment  on  record,  I  say,  in  a  treasonable    design,   I   was 

that  standing  in   this  dock,  and  guiltyof  treason,  although  I  might 

about  to  ascend  the  scaffold,  it  may  not  know  of  hia  int«nt,  and  £rom 

be  to-morrow — it  may  be  now,  it  their  recommendation  to  mercy  it 

may  be  never — whatever  the  result  appears  they  found  me  guilty  on 

may  be,  I  wish  to  put  this  on  re-  that  direction.     To  one  unlearned 

eord,  that  in  no  part  of  my  con-  in  the  law,  who  might  rapposs 

duct,  in  no  port  of  the  proceedings  that  treason  depend^  on  inten* 

I  have  taken  have  I  been  actuated  tion,  it  seems  contrary  to  oommoD 

by  animosity  towards  Englishmen,  sense  that  I  can  portidpate  is  a 

for  among  them  I  have  spent  some  treasonable  design  of  the  existenos 

of  the  iuippiest  days  of  my  life,  of  which  I  am  ignorant.      I  do 

and  of  the  most  prosperous,  and  in  not,  however,  presume  to  dispute 

no  part  which  I  have  taken  was  I  the  law  as  your  lordship  has  stated 

actuated  by  enmity  towards  Eng-  it ;  but  no  earthly  judge  is  infal- 

lishmen  individually,  whatever  I  lible,  and  as  the  doctrine  is  so 

may  have  felt  of  the  ii^ustice  of  startling,  and  is  stsmped  with  the 

Knglish  rule  in  this  island.  There-  authority  of   Mr.   Moore's    high 


STATE    TRIALS. 


471 


Conatitntional  cliancter,  and  would 
fonu  a  precedent  dangeroas  to  the 
lives  and  liberties  of  ihe  beet  men, 
I  homblj  request  jour  lordship  to 
reserve  Uie  point  for  the  oonsidera- 
lion  of  the  Judges ;  if  yonr  lord- 
ship be  in  error,  that  error  will  be 
corrected ;  if  not,  it  will  be  a  pro- 
tection to  every  one  to  know  that 
the  law  laid  down  here  has  been 
confirmed.  It  ia  not  for  me  on 
this  occasion,  nor  is  it  fit,  to  defend 
my  opinions  and  character ;  I  will 
therefore  onlj  aaj  those  opinions 
have  been  tolerant,  sincere,  and 
consistent  I  am  grateful  to  my 
eminent  counsel,  Ur.  Butt,  for  his 
eloquent  and  truly  able  defence — 
the  more  bo,  because  that  defence 
was  generoosly  given  without  fee 
or  reward,  and  pvea  to  his  poli- 
tical antagonist.  I  cannot  express 
my  admiration  for  the  sincerity 
and  great  talent  shown  by  my 
junior  counsel,  Mr.  Francis  Mea- 

fber,  and  hia  zeal  in  my  defence, 
also  beg  to  thank  my  solicitor, 
Mr  Lafian,  for  the  ability  with 
which  he  conducted  my  case,  and 
the  great  exertions  made  by  him 
on  my  behalf.  I  thank  your  lord- 
ship for  this  patient  hearing. 

Meagher,  on  being  called 
on  to  say  why  sentence  of  death 
should  not  be  passed  upon  him, 
spoke  aa  follows : — My  lords,  it  ia 
my  intention  to  say  a  few  words 
only.  I  desire  thst  the  last  act  of 
a  proceeding  which  has  occupied  so 
much  of  the  public  time  should  be  ctf 
short  duratiou ;  nor  have  I  the  in- 
delicate wish  to  close  the  dreary 
ceremony  of  a  state  prosecution 
with  8  vain  display  of  words.  Did 
I  fear  that  hereafter,  when  I  shall 
be  no  more,  the  country  I  have 
tried  to  serve  would  think  ill  of 
me,  I  might  indeed  avail  myself  of 
this  solemn  moment  to  vindicate 
qiy  sentiments  imd  my  conduct; 


bat  I  have  no  such  fear.  The 
conntry  will  judge  of  those  senti- 
ments  and  that  conduct  in  a  light 
&r  difTerent  from  that  in  which  the 
jniy  by  which  I  have  been  tried 
and  convicted  have  received  them, 
and  by  the  country  the  sentence 
which  you,  my  lords,  are  Ed»oat  to 
pronounce  will  be  remembered 
only  aa  the  severe  and  solemn  at- 
testation of  my  rectitude  and 
truth.  Whatever  be  the  language 
in  which  my  sentence  be  spoken,  I 
know  that  my  fate  will  meet  with 
sympathy,  and  that  my  memory 
will  be  honoured.  In  speaking 
thus,  accuse  me  not,  my  lords,  (tt 
an  indecorous  presumption.  To 
the  efforts  I  have  made  in  the  just 
and  noble  cause  I  ascribe  no  vain 
importance,  nor  do  I  claim  for 
those  efforts  any  high  reward ;  but 
it  so  happens,  and  it  will  ever 
happen  so,  that  they  who  have 
tried  to  serve  their  country,  no 
matter  how  weak  their  efforts  may 
have  been,  are  sure  to  receive  the 
thanks  and  blessings  of  its  people. 
With  my  countrymen  I  leave  my 
memory,  my  sentiments,  my  acta 
—proudly  feeling  that  they  require 
no  vindication  from ,  me  this  day. 
A  jury  of  my  oountiymen,  it  is 
true,  have  found  me  piilty  of  the 
crime  of  which  I  stood  indicted. 
For  this  I  bear  not  the  slightest 
animosity  or  resentment  towards 
them ;  influenced  as  tfaey  must 
have  been  by  the  charge  of  the 
Lord  Chief  Justice,  perhaps  they 
could  have  found  no  other  verdict. 
But  what  of  this  4^iai^?  Any 
strong  observations  upon  it,  I  feel 
sincerely,  would  ill  befit  the  so- 
lemni^  of  this  scene ;  bat  I  would 
earnestly  beseech  of  you,  my  lord, 
— you,  who  preside  on  that  beimh, 
—when  the  passions  and  prejudices 
of  this  hour  shall  have  passed 
away,  that  you  will  appeal  to  your 


472        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1848. 


own  conacMDce,  uid  a^  if  it  were 
a  charge  as  it  ought  te  ha'va  been, 
impartial  and  indifiterent  betwaea 
tlia  flut^ect  and  the  Crown.  My 
lordi,  fou  may  deem  this  langtiage 
nnbecomitig  in  me,  and  perliwa  it 
may  wal  my  fate.  But  I  amlieTa 
to  apeak  the  truth  whatflrer  it  may 
coat  I  am  here  to  regret  nothing 
I  have  erer  donfr— to  retract  no- 
thing I  bare  ever  spoken — I  am 
here  to  crave  with  no  lying  lipa 
the  life  I  oonaecrato  to  the  liberty 
of  my  couatiy.  Far  from  iL 
Even  here,  whero  the  thief,  the 
libertiDe,  and  the  ntirdarer  hare 
left  their  footpriala  in  the  duat — 
hero,  on  thia  spot,  whero  the 
ihadowe  of  death  aorroand  me.  and 
from  which  I  see  my  early  grave 
in  an  nnconaecrated  aoil  is  opened 
to  receive  me—even  here,  en* 
eirded  by  those  teirors,  the  hope 
which  beckooed  me  on  to  embark 
i^D  the  perilous  sea  upon  which 
I  have  been  wrecked  atill  oansolea, 
animatee,  enrafODree  me.  No,  I 
do  not  de^Hiir  of  ray  poor  old 
country.  I  do  not  despair  of  her 
peace,  her  liberty,  her  gloiy.  For 
that  oountry  I  can  do  no  more  than 
bid  her  hope.  To  lift  up  this 
iale,  to  make  her  a  benefactor  to 
humanity,  instead  of  being  what 
she  is'.—thB  meanest  beggar  in  the 
world— to  restore  her  ancient  oon> 
fititution  and  her  native  powers — 
this  has  been  my  ambition,  and 
this  ambitiou  has  been  my  crime. 
Judged  by  the  law  of  England,  I 
know  that  this  crime  entails  on  me 
Uie  penalty  of  death,  but  the  his- 
toiT  of  Iraland  explains  this  crime 
and  juatifies  it.  Judged  by  that 
history,  I  am  no  criminal ;  you 

Siming  and  addressing  Mr. 
'Manns)  are  no  crimttuu  ;  you 
^taming  again  to  Mr.  O'Donc^hue) 
are  no  onminal ;  and  we  deserve 
no  punishmenL    Jodged  by  that 


hiaboiy,  &9  treaaosi  of  irtiidi  I 
stand  otmvicted  loaea  all  guilt,  haa 
been  aa&ctified  as  a  duty,  and  will 
be  ennobled  as  a  saerifice.  With 
these  sentiments  I  await  the  tea- 
tenoe  of  the  CotuL  Having  done 
what  I  conceive  to  he  my  dnt^,  — 
having  spc^en  now,  as  I  did  aa 
every  oocasion  Amvag  my  short 
career,  what  I  felt  to  be  the  truth. 
—I  bid  trenail  to  the  eoantir  of 
my  birth,  of  my  pasaioB,  and  of 
my  death ;  the  country  whose  mia- 
fortunes  have  invoked  my  eym- 
pathies,  whose  factions  I  have 
sought  to  quell,  whose  intelleet  I 
have  prompted  to  lofty  aims,  irtioaa 
freedom  has  been  my  faial  drsaiiL 
To  that  oountzy  I  now  offer  ss  a 
pledge  of  the  lore  I  bwv  her,  and 
as  a  proof  of  the  ainceti^  with 
which  1  thought,  and  spoke,  sod 
struggled  for  her  freedom,  the  Ub 
of  a  young  heart,  and  with  that 
life  all  the  hopee,  the  honours,  tha 
endearments  of  a  h^tpy  and  an 
honourable  home.  Pronounce,  then, 
my  lords,  the  sentence  the  Uw  di- 
rects, snd  I  shall  be  pr^iared  to 
bear  it — I  trust  I  shall  be  pre- 
pared to  mset  its  executaon.  I 
hope  1  shall  be  able,  with  a  l^it 
heart  and  a  clear  conaoieace,  to 
appear  before  a  high«  tribunal— a 
tribunal  where  a  Judge  of  infinita 
goodness  as  well  as  of  infinite  jas- 
tice  will  preside,  and  where,  my 
lords,  many,  many  of  the  judg- 
ments of  this  world  will  be  re* 
Teised. 

Lord  Chief  Justice  Doherty  fn- 
ceeded,  amidst  the  most  pnCwnd 
silence,  to  pass  senlenoe  upon  the 

?risonerB.  Friaoners  at  the  bar— 
'erence  Bellew  M'UanuB,  Patrick 
O'Donoghue,  and  Thomas  Frauds 
Meagher,  after  deep  eonsideratioD 
before  entering  into  this  oourt,  it 
was  my  intention,  in  the  perform- 
anoe    of   the    my  pamfnl   duly 


STATE     TRIALS.  473 

wtaA  AemAweB  upon  me,  not  to  is  viev.  It  is  not,  I  am  tony  b> 
hare  prokngod  yoor  at&j  at  that  mf,  to  any-  fbrbMnmce  od  your 
bar  by  kdj  lenvdi  of  obaeTration.  part,  that  that  rebellion — forsacfal 
Yon,  and  tndi  of  joo,  appear  there,  maj  t«nii  it— whieh  broke  out  in 
bftTing  been  connoted  by  the  ver-  that  week  was  brought  to  a  apeedy 
diet  of  three  eaccessire  juries  of  eoneluiioa.  It  is  not  doe  to  yon ; 
the  crime  of  hi^  treason — the  it  is,  imder  God,  attributable  to 
crime  of  tlia  greatest  enormity  the  fidelity  and  to  the  tMwvery  of 
known  to  our  laws.  I  feel  boond  the  police  force.  When  I  reflect 
to  say  this,  that  it  is  the  deliberate,  on  what  might  hare  been  the  con- 
dispassitMiate,  and  calm  opinion  i^  sequences  ifthat|K>lice  force,  either 
the  Oourt  that  the  verdicts  whieh  seduced  by  promisee  or  intimidated 
were  found  by  those  juries,  aad  by  threats  which  were  made  use  of, 
the  Terdiet  whidi  was  found  by  a  bad  yielded  to  tbe  adTancea  that 
former  jury,  could  not  have  been  were  made  to  them,  if  they  had 
other  than  they  were.  That  no  been  overwhelmed  by  the  con- 
heoest,  &ir,  impartial  and  cob.-  gregated  numbers  that  assembled 
scientaoDsjurDra,  attending  Btrietly  and  attempted  their  destruction, 
to  their  oaths,  aad  listening  to  the  or  if  they  had  fiulsd  in  dis- 
erideoce  that  wss  produced  in  this  persing  those  bands  of  rebels 
Court  in  the  coarse  of  these  un-  who  assembled  around  them  on  the 
osuallyprotracted  trials,  could  haTO  hills,— I  think  there  is  no  fiur  mam 
oome  to  any  other  ocmclusion  than  who,  looking  at  and  contemplating 
that  whieh  they  have  done.  They  what  the  state  of  this  country  might 
have  pronouni»d  you,  one  and  all,  have  been,  will  not  see  how  rapidly 
guilty  of  the  crime  of  hi^  treason,  a  temporary  success  might  have 
That  crime  consists  in  having  added  to  the  numbers  of  the  in- 
levied  war  in  this  ooimty  within  sur^ents,  and  how  soon  this  eonn- 
and  during  the  last  week  of  the  tiy  might  have  been  deluged  in 
month  of  July — of  having  levied  blood,  and  given  over  to  aJl  the 
war  for  treasonable  purposes — and  horrors  of  a  civil  war.  It  is  from 
that  yon,  and  each  of  you,  more  or  that  we  have  escaped  by  the  fidelity 
less  participated  in,  excited  to,  and  and  by  the  bravery  of  tbe  police 
prepared  for,  and  were  yourselves,  force.  I  am  very  far,  God  imows, 
some  of  you  more,  some  less,  from  wishing  to  say  one  word  at 
actively  engaged  in  the  fiutheraDce  this  moment  that  can  raise  or  en- 
of  that  prcfject.  In  order  to  con-  hance  the  feelings  which  some  of 
stitule  the  crime  of  hi^h  treason  by  ^ou  may  endure.  But  I  cannot, 
the  levying  of  war,  it  is  no  in-  m  lookmg  to  what  was  the  state  of 
gredient  tluit  the  means  should  be  the  country  in  the  month  of  May 
proporticmed  to  the  end  sought  to  ]ast,avoidadverting(withouteDter- 
be  accomplished,  or  that  there  ii^  into  particulare  of  it)  to  that 
should  be  a  rational  prospect  of  authentic  speech  which  was  given 
Bocoess.  The  puties  who  engage  in  evidence  upon  tbe  last  tnal — 
in  such  transactions  become  re-  eloquent  no  doubt  it  is — but  who 
sponsible  if  they  h&ve  arrayed,  can  avoid  seeing,  in  the  perusal  of 
assembled,  collected,  drilled,  and  tfaat  speech,  delivered  by  you,  Mr. 
prepared  those  who,  by  force,  en-  UeaKuer,  on  tbe  6th  of  June,  a 
deftvoured  to  accomplish  that  ob-  terrible  picture  of  what  was  at  tfaat 
jeot— the  common  object  that  was  time  the  state  of  this  country,  and 


474        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1848. 

the  calamities  which  ware  im-  7011  to  reflect  on  the  av^ntuatioa 
pending  and  meditated,  and  ftom  in  whifjfa  each  of  70a  at  tbis  ukx 
which,  b;  Qod's  aasistance,  we  hare  ment  stand,  and  to  prepare  for  the 
escaped.  I  have  told  you  that  it  dreadful  fiti«  that  impends  over 
was  mj  wish  to  abstain  from  en-  yon.  We  have  not  foiled  to  send, 
laiging  or  giving  aaj  details,  and  I  as  was  our  dntj,  to  the  Lord  lieo- 
shall  do  so.  I  shdl  merely  add  tenant,  the  recommendations  with 
this  observation,  that  from  the  which  the  juries  in  your  respective 
commencement  to  the  conclusion  cases  have  accompanied  the  vei^ 
of  this  commissioii,  which  has  now  diets  that  have  been  found  againot 
extended  to  the  fifth  week,  there  yon.  But  you  must  be  well  aware 
has  been  a  perfect  coincidence  in  that  it  is  with  the  Executive  Go- 
the  views  of^every  member  of  this  vemment,  and  the  Executive  Go- 
bench  as  to  the  law;  and  if  the  vemment  alone,  that  the  fate  of 
observatdoQB  of  the  distinguished  those  reoommendationB  rests.  And 
judge  who  presides  here  did  seem  we,  in  the  discharge  of  onr  most 
to  you  (and  I  con  make  every  al-  anxions  and  punful  duty,  have 
lowance  for  their  doing  so)  to  press  now  only  to  proceed  to  pass  upon 
and  bear  severely  npon  you,  per-  yon,  and  upon  each  of  yon,  thu 
haps,  in  a  csJmer  moment,  when  awful  sentence  of  the  law,  whidi 
you  oome  to  reflect  npon  it,  you  is,  that  you  Terence  Bellow 
wiU  see  that  it  was  from  the  veiy  M'Manos,  you  Patrick  O'Dono- 
nature  of  the  transactions  them-  abue,  and  yon  Thomas  Francis 
•elves  that  those  comments  legiti-  Mcegher,  be  taken  hence  to  the 
mately  arose  which  appeared  to  place  whence  you  came,  and  be 
you  to  press  with  undue  severity  tbence  drawn  on  a  hurdle  to  the 
npon  you.  Perhaps,  when  you  place  of  execution,  and  that  each 
come  to  reflect  dispassionately,  you  of  yon  be  there  hanged  by  the  neck 
will  see  this  in  the  same  light,  and  until  you  be  dead,  and  that  after< 
I  trust  that  you  may  be  more  rocon-  wards  the  head  of  each  of  yoo  shall 
riled  than  you  appear  at  present  to  be  severed  from  hia  body,  and  the 
the  justice  of  the  unhappy  fate  body  of  each  divided  into  four 
which  awaits  you,  and  which  there  quarters,  to  be  disptwed  of  as  Her 
is  not  an  individual  with  a  heart  Majesty  sliall  think  fit — and  may 
tofeel  who  must  not  deeply  deplore,  the  Almighty  God  have  mercy 
I  shall  now  not  detain  you  longer,  upon  your  souls. 
I  have  merely  to  exhort  each  ot 


b,GoogIc 


475 


PATENTS 


From  DtemOer  SltA,  1647,  to  December  SOth.  1848. 


*^.*  It  is  frequentlj  difficult  to  make  an  ab«ti»ct  of  the  lengthy  descrip- 
tion*  giT«n  bj  tne  patentees  of  their  iDTentions,  sufficientlj  eboit  for  the  pui- 
po«e  S  thi«  hat,  and  ^ et  sufficientlj  accurate  to  indicate  ezactl;  the  natun 
6f  Uie  invention.  It  u  honied,  however,  that  sufficient  ia  given  to  afford  to  aa 
inqnirer  the  mewu  of  TinVirg  more  accuntA  MMarchea  in  other  authraitiei. 


Abtej,  R.,  prttaviMff  SqmUt,  Julj  29 

Atooa,  E.,  cAtaoMu,  April  B 

AduDl,  a,  ntSii,  Not.  16 

Adcock,  H.,/mriua*,  June  3 

AlUott,  A.,  (Cam  M&n,  Mareb  B 

AllioU,  A.,  bnaMt,  March  14 

AUmu,  F.,  JeeMdly,  Sep.  08 

Andenoo,  J.,  eiemutry.  Not.  11 

Archer,  H.,p«Mr,  Not.  S3 

Ardier.  H,%^,JuDeM 

ng,  O.,  tUam  enmiu,  Dec  2 
mgrnutt/lvj  11 
Boitr  dottt,  Dec  3 

Araott,  A.  R.,  tak,  Jan.  fi 

Aaert,  J.  B.,  medBt  potBtr,  OcL  19 

Athbiuy,  J.,  wk*^  March  11 

A>hb7,  J.,  danUKg  gram,  Oct  IS 

AttoD,  M.  i.fatUmg;  Dec  SI,  1847 

Attwood,  C,  tnni,  April  18 

Babmgton,  B.  O.,  mttdBep—t,  Mu.  27 

Bwdiboffher,  G.  H.,  Idtgraph.  Hot.  i 

Bulej,  O.  S.,  ecwAima  Kooi^  Oct.  5 

Baker,  W.,  Tmbcaii  lontt' 

Baliewell,  F.  C,  da^ric  . 

Balbur,  A.,  buffti 

Barber,  T.  H.,  lanMg,  June  1 

Bvlow,  H.  W.,<be(.  t^nipA«,Apr.  27 

Barlow,  H.  W.,  nUmni  ktfM,  Jan.  27 

Banwa,  R.  ,giu,  June  6 

Buibam,  W.  J.,  mair,  June  1 


ic  Itltgrapk, 


I>ecS 


eI3 


Beaidmote,  1    . 

BeaKie,  O.,  mrpmetr,  Jul*  S 

Bell,  0.,wiMfi,  Jan.? 

Bell,  H.,airialiiueiijut.  Not.  : 

BeMcmet,  H.,  ^att,  March  32 

Belbell,  J.,  mttrmig,  Aug.  21 

Kddle,  O.  A.Vra*  frunura,  Noi 


Jul^S 


Bml,J.,MAU«rv^Peb.S 
Black,  H.,  nuporutioK,  Feb.  14 
Blackwell,  J.,Jkrnatat,  Feb.  2 
Bojce,  G.,  ortarfnp  maciiiu,  Mardi  8 
Bramrell,  f.Jwuacu,  Not.  23 
Bmt,  J.,  tthgrtt^  Feb.  8 
Bright,  R.,  lamp;  Not.  2 
Briadlej,  W.,  papitr  waeAd  June  6 
Britten,  J.,  healing  rooni,  April  20 
Brooman,  R  A, ,  Auifiet,  Not.  2 
Brown,  W.,  laciaigM,  Oct.  30 
Browne,  J.  •  j!ri  tMCapet,  Not.  1 1 
Buckbobi,  G.  A.,  mottBtpmptr,  Feb,  9 
Burleigh,  R.  C,  bunurt,  Feb.  8 
Bum,  S...  roBer  gilt,  Dec.  2 
BucTowi,  J.,  ifaoM  oMtiia,  Oct  98 
Cannon,  W.  J.,  carnagtt,  FA.  10 
Capper,  C.  H.,  deanDw  uni 
Cartwrigfal,  J.,  brace,  Dec  __ 
Caitelain,  L.,  aoop,  Julj  II 
Chamberlain,  W.,  reekoimuf,  June  IS 
Chance,  J.  T^Jknaett,  Ftib.  14 
CbowD.  W.  D.,  vtntHation,  Dec  28 
Chreea,  E.,  laaliiig  arax,  Aug.  SS 
Church,  W.,  ■wcUiwry,  Oct  26 
CUrk,  J.,  baeU  and  tlum,  Oct  36 
Cbrk,  R.,  gat  buntri,  June  26 
Cla7,  W.,  nmng  imcAw,  Dec  16 
Ckgg,  8.,oa«  mtttrt,  April  90 
Clement,  W.  H.,  tugar.  Nor.  31 
Clinton,  J.,J{altt,  Dec  16 
Coad,  R.,Jbttilaef,  Hot.  9 
Coatea,  J.,  prtMniy,  April  4 
Cochran,  M.,  Jttigiu,  April  90 
Cole,  J.  L.,  »temi  ouiaat,  March  32 
Colliiii,  F.  W.  M.,iAata,jte.,  Uar.  14 
CoIUdi,  J.ifiimaetM,  Jan.  37 
ColUn^  R.  N.,  ttrtij^,  Dec  2 


476        ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 


Cooper,  J.,  drai  fatteaingi,  Noi 
Croll,  A.  A.,  gat.  Auk.  22 
Culltsn,  J,,  leering,  Nov.  18 


Dokta,  B.,  roa^tiHg  coffee,  Jul;  3 


DdloD,  T.,  Miou,  Judo  6 
Dariin,  A.  P.  M.,  motive  potetr, 
Dnies,  L ,  itetm  e^uuj,  Mhj  2 


Oaviet,  J.,  (tan  engiaei,  Dec.  2 
Davica,  D.,  oam'i^ct,  April  15 
DnraoD,  C.i  mimeal  iulrimenti,  Nov.  2 
Oe  BoMiregwd,  P.  A.  P.,tteam,  Jul;  11 
De  Berlin,  C,  bridgtt,  Oct  12 
De  BeiguCi  C.  >  mUicag  cat   '  '--    ' 

Deelef,  J.,  avem,  Dec  16 


Dench,  E,,  roofi.  Aug.  26 
Deriiani,  J.,  carditip,  April 


10 


Dicken>,  T.,  atannig,  bee.  21 
Dickinion,  W.,  hona,  SepL  II 
Doaiiu,  M.  J.  J.,  tBmpomit,  Apr.  4 
Douche,  P.,  boOen.  Feb.  10 
Drajlna,  T.,  rUnering,  Dee.  % 
Dundooild,  J.,  ttaam  Mfara,  Feb.  11 
Dule;,  J.,  iloett,  Dec.  2 
Dunn,  A.,;>r«MD«o//iiuf«,  Oct  IS 
Eccle*.  J.,  hem*,  Dec.  12 
Ecrojil,  J.,  ealcit,  April  10 
EdmondHD,  T. ,  raHwaf  lielutt,  April  27 
Ellini,G.,«^  MuT^22 
EniDon.  0.,fiiei and/Knuum,  June  10 
ErmeD,  G.  A,,  maeUiiery.  Feb.  8 
Gull,  W.,  lAraMking  mnchixt.  Mar.  8 
Furbalm,  P.,  ipinitiiig,  Oct.  S8 
FoDlunemorBWi,  P.,  dimua.  Dm.  31 
PnntuneiDoniui,  P., /o^  kxtiu.  Nor.  25 
Foot,  J.,  nnwr,  April  5 
Foot.  J.,  lilk  tlltiiu,  June  8 


Freanon,  J.,  iliapiiia  iron,  8a>.  21 
Froud,  W.,Dabu,  Jan.  5 
Gallowaj,  W.,  tteam  enginet,  Aug.  IT 
Gardnar,  J.,  girden,  Dec.  S 


Gillott,  J.,onMauiitaIvaod*,  3«pt.  28 
Glover,  W.  H.,oil,  Feb.  & 
Gordon,  L.  D.  B.,  rtilmay;  Ma;  B 
Goucber,  J.,  ttnuAiiw,  No»,  BS 
Greeo.  C,  roi^ay  icAMb,  April  15 
Greenetreet,  F.  H,,  eiupntt,  I 
Grist,  S.,f^KiUM,  My  29 
Haf^e,  H.,  mackiKtti/,  Majr  IM 
Maieh,  E.,  tMonrw,  Mar  9 
Wlida      ■    "      ■     ■-     " 


April  \i 
I.  Dec  2 


Hallida;.  A.  P.,  ciemitlTy,  Sep.  28 


Hancock,  C. ,  gaUa  ptrda,  Hij  1 1 
Hancock,  C,  ■ucAnury,  July  99 
Handcock,  E.  W.,  proptBtrt,  Oct.  IS 
Hancock,  J.,  gtOta  perdui,  Dec  90,  IS«7 
Hamdine,  J.  T.,ginlu,  April  30 
Harria.  J. ,  catting.  Nor.  2 
Hart,  J.,  &riab  oihj  l^tt.  Not.  3 
Hart,  Sir  H.,  awJy  cAboMyf,  June  IS 
Hartes,  I.,  naminii^,  Maj  2 
Hanlej,  E. ,  jpununjf .  Dec  1 1 
Haibj.  J.  B.,*^fui&,  Feb.  16 
Healb,  R.,  rotJMy  eamHSa,  Jan.  13 
Hebert,  L.,  grimJiitg  aucinc.  Feb.  S 
Hely,  De  Ranald  A.  A.,  AoHis.  Jan.  II 
Uendenon,  J.,  daaiuijig  teed,  Aug.  14 
Uendenoa,  W.,  damiitTy,  March  22 
Henley,  T.  W.,  leUgrapk,  A\ig.  10 
Henson,  H.  H. ,  robHiji  carrion,  Ap.  15 
HewiU,  S.  G.  railioagt,  Aug.  11 
Heywood,  H.,  loom;  Jan.  2! 
Highton,  \l,tUctrictehgTtiplit,iaa.^ 
Hiili,  P.  C,  ta&t  and  gate*.  Oct.  19 
Hjorth,  S.,molietpontr,  Oct  26 
Hobaell.  H.  R,  JWAMt.  March  » 
Kohn,  C.  A.,  nriutiwg,  Dec  21 
Holland^  W.  E„/>iI,  Sep.  4 
HoUidsy,  R.,  Ut^,  Jan.  A 
HomblowcT,  H.,  wriiwyi  Jan.  SS 
Hoamer,  J. ,  draau  and  mman,  Mardt  IS 
HouMon,  J.,  Mofnw  MMsar,  March  8 
Howe.  J.  K.,  tluB  &■"■       ■       ~ 
Hudwn,  W..6NHW.  J 
Humpbryi,  E 
Hunt,  W.,  » 

Hunt,  W.,  KMftUi  nd  aotta.  Jnae  13 
Ilea,  C,  dntifiutatdtgt.  Nor.  4 
tying,  W.,  carvtng,  Feb.  23 
Jacotta,  M.,  Kwm^^iriiia,  Nor.  2 
Jennings.  0.  J.,  I^tt,  Jib.  5 
Jobson,  R.,  tlotm,  Dec  28 
Johnaon,  W.  B.,  K«a  fl^oua,  Uai<ek  8 
Juckei,  J., /knucet,  Nut.  18 
Kempton,  H.,  refiectort.  Nor.  7 
KeaaeloM7er,  C.  W.,  mAwO,  Not.  S 
King,  J.  gat  milm,  July  26 
ECinnoan,  J.,  rotary  atgium.  Dee.  98 
Kirtly,  M.,  r«&Kqr  tohttt,  July  1 1 
Knonlyi,  T.  J.,  almotplurie  oar.  Nor.  2 
Knonlyi,  T.  J..  AeA  April  3 
Lamb,  A.,  tltam  tngintt,  Dec  9 
Lambert,  naUt.  Jan.  5 
Laming,  axoKc  add.  Hay  9 
Lane,  J. ,  n^iiul,  Not.  W 
Laihrop,  B.,  bmWi,  June  6 
Lee.  G.  L.,  dttmt,  Dec  II 
Lemanaude,  J.  L.,  aiafaft,  July  IB 
Le  Moll,  Uahtitta.  JuW  20 
Leea,  S.,  ] 

Liliie,  J.,  parjijo;  ill,    ...  _  ,.   _ 
Line>,£.  Ji.,  echv  and  nQt,  FeA>.  1_ 
Lider,  S.  C,  toMng  wwJ,  Oct  19 


PATENTS. 


477 


Looginirth,  J.,  povtr  bomi,  April  10 


■b,  W.,  1 


.,  povtr  loowu,  Aprl  I 
gMM  ptrcia,  Jul;  10 


PattintoD,  W.  W.,  mJo,  Jan.  27 
Patliaon,  H.  L.,  eitmisbty,  Aag.  22 
PaUuon,  R.  T. ,  paimting  coOaiu,.  Not.  3 
Perm,  J.,  ifuia  trnfouu,  D«c  31 
Perrie,  J.,  iltam  msvim,  April  10 
Percv.  J.  P.,  aaptr.  Hi;  96 
PiccioRo,  M.  if.. gwmt,  Aug.  17 


Lo>,  C,  tmMug.  Dec 
Uaeiilto^  J.,  mativt  fwer,  June  SB 
Mmckeniiei  D.,  Jaefiard  nod.,  Aug.  A 
MufigMi.  R>.  ndlmay  lekttU,  April  li 
Ma([iua.  J.  M.,pliMiig,  Fsb.  » 
Majot.  W.,  Zmu,  Dec  16 
Muiwli,  R.  C. ,  carritga,  Juiu  I 
Mu^,  l.,Jiax,  lo»,  ffc..  Jut;  6 
Hun;,  B. ,  wjiJmji  apparoAu,  F«b.  18 
Mum;,  E.  X,  ^tatviag,  OxA,  6 
Muten,  3..foMmbt9»,  April  12 
BbutMi,  T.,  itoppf.  No*.  18 
HaDddajkJ.,  mtimptimtT,  MarchS 
Mc  CoDochie,  Jl,  httmatuu,  Hanji  6 
M-DounI,  A.,  thmittry.  Not.  21 

Ml 1.  I  .  vmlAilum.  Apnl  12 

Helcair,  J. ,  (pttiBHh  Aug.  8 
HetcalF,  T.,  ckira  ami  i^,  Oct.  5 
Miller,  J,,  baimatiai,  Jud*  13 
Hitcbell,  a.MMn^Ju.  13 
Mlubett,  J.,  awUw,  Dec  28 
Mitchell,  J.  B.,  icJa,  Jan.  25 
M'Lard;,  W.,  tpaaag.  Ma;  9 
Manigomeiy,  J.,  piaitofoTUt,  Jan.  II 
Mone,  E.  S..  cnoowuii;.  Jan.  13 
MovbraT,  F.  W.,  looped  fabrict.  Jua«  27 
Napier,  D.,  txtrmttert,  July  20 
Napier.  J.,iitfa£i,  Not.  9 
Na«D;lh,  {!.,  firt-proof  jbion,  Sep,  4 
Naimrtb,  J.,  maeAuun,  Feb.  23 
NemU,  R.  S.,  JbdU,  Sep.  28 
NemoD,  H.,  tnata.  Not.  23 
NenloD,  A.  V.,  aufnu,  Dec  16 
Newton,  A.  V.,  aAof,  Jan.  31 
Newlon,  A.  V.,  Otd,  Not.  2 
Newlon,  A.  V. ,  dretmg  grain,  Aug.  22 
Nemoa,  D.,glaM,  Aug.  7 
Neirtou,  E.  W.,  caup^jcaalM,  March  22 
Newton,  W.,  eardiiig,  April  27 
Newton,  W.  £.,  tttam  awintt,  Dec  28 
Newtoo,  W.  E.,  ttovu,  Jul;  6 
Newton,  W.  E.,  prmtitia,  Jul;  18 
NicboboD,  W.  W.,  maMiitry,  Sep.  S8 
Nidiela,  C,  ^feMf,  Dec.  9 
Nonnantille,  W.  J.,  axk'boxa,  Ua;  2 
Oni,  J.,  eemaOM,  Marcb  22 
Painter,  C.  F.,  lAafybtate  teaUr,  April  27 
Palmer,  W.,  oand&t.  Pec  9 
Palmer,  W.,  eamJZu,  Feb.  28 
Palmer,  W.  O.,  thndiiKg,  Jul;  10 
Paikea,  A.,  wutaU,  April  27 
-    ■        ■  ill.  No*.  II 


gotl,  W.  P., 
nrbrow,  J.,  proft^t,  Apnl  4 
Poole,  M.,ea«l«,  Aug.  S 
Poole.  M.,iMi>b,  NoT.3 
Poole,  M.  profOtTt,  Ua;  36 
Poole,  M.,  MiHit.  Dec  38 
Potritt,  J.,  carding  waiA,  Much  14 
Porter,  J.  EiitrtM^trdfrt.  March  8 
PortEr,  J.  B..jSr»jMW'^M>rj,Dee.  2 
Pott),  T_^NM,  April  10 
Pratt,  F.  EL  cMn^  Dec  31.  1847 
Pratt,  G.  W.,  pria^  hU,  July  29 
Pntl,  a.  D.,  madimtrg,  ApHt27 
IMce,  v.,  motwtpewtr,  M^  II 
Puruell,  CiAuM,  Jul;  18 
Remin^t^  J.,  WnWicM,  Ma;  26 
Ricardo,  J.  L..  Ukt/r^kM,  Sep.  4 


f-.ai 


Richardaon,  t.^waimrt.  Ma;  3 
Riddle.  W.,iwac>fakDcc"' 
loaimtriiiin,  M 


Robertwn,  J.,  oub,  Jul;  29 
RobertKin,  J.,  cotuirmi»g  tmela.  Nor.  2 
Robertioii,  J,  C,  gai,  Jul;  6 
Rotrinion,  T..  bxmt,  Jan.  27 
Rogers,  J.  W.,/i«/,  June  1 
Roof,  W.  B.,  mpiraton,  Sep.  21 
Rooee,  G.,  Inbing,  June  13 


l.,proȣa-<,  Jul;U 
cy.  C.,  buOoKt,  Aug.  28 
RuMell,  W.,  bar  iron,  Jan.  29 


Sager,  W.,  motiEc  power,  Sep.  Ifi 
SaUer,  R.  G.,dranu,  April  27 
SangMer,  W.,  umbrttlat,  Feb.  S 
Schiele,  Caiia,  Not.  23 
SchuDCk,  E.,  maBeabk  iron.  Not.  36 
Schwuti,  H.  W.,  Mleam  emyina.  Ma;  4 
Sealon,  W.,  tvba.  May  30 
Seeger>.T.C.,riii^aycarrtii$u,  March  S 
Selah,  K-.ttairrodt,  April  15 
Selligue,  F.  R.,  propdUn.  Ma;  4 
Shaw,  R..  iron,  Aug.  21 
Siener,  R.  W.,  iBeavin^,  Oct.  19 
Simpaon,  J,,  tUam  tngttu»,  Aug.  14 


Smith,  H.,  laHtcag  whiili,  Sep.  fi 
Smith.  M.,  feonu.  Ma;  11 
Smith,  R.  A.,  coaltar,  Oct.  10 


Pariie^  A.,  mttalt,  I 


I  pyxa  anJlubeM,  April  I 
'.  G.,p(ui>Ii,  Not.  2 


478        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1848. 


Suite,  W.  E.,  tUetridlf,  Julj  12 
Steel,  E.,  foboaw-;)^,  JuIt  S 
Steinkamp,  J.  A.,  tvgar,  Jiuj  18 
Stemon.  J.,  Jteom  atgitiet,  Jutj  16 
BujWag,  J.  D.  (H,  metaU,  Oct.  12 
Stocker,  A.  S.,  lame  ttadun.  May  4 
Slow,  0.,pnipeain,  Jm.  II 
Smio,  W.,  AOu,  Jul;  18 
Tut,  W.  L,  drainiig,  Dec  B 
Ta^oT,  J.,  proptOen,  Dec.  3 
l^jlor,  1.,  tmgiwritia,  Auf.  21 
Tkjrlor,  W,.  A>6m,  M>;  18 
Ttranui,  W.,  itajit  and  boot*,  Mj  9S 
nranitoD,  S.,  «(mh  mhihi,  Auk-  7 
Thonild,  W.,  tam  IoUm,  Jtn.  18 
Tlbbitfc  V.  B.,  aelwipowtr.  Nor.  2 
T<»ili>in,  X,  timt  labia,  Jan.  23 
Totd^  W.,  A^OuM,  FA.  14 
Tnvit,  Z.,padmg  /anJ,  Dec  16 
IVumui,  E.  T.,  mt^kud  titth,  Aug.  lA 
TnrtoD,  T.  B.,  mTng$,  June  I 
TnttoD,  J.,  b^Uiiig,  Dec.  9 
VuUt,  J.,  *!•«>  ouiiufi  Aug.  14 
Welker,  H..  nadht,  Dec  16 
Walker,  D.  S.,  iatdi,  June  24 
Wallace,  E.,  dufp*,  P«b.  SB 
Walnttle;,  E.,  moMttrjf,  AfM  27 
Want,  B.,  ttatm  aunt,  June  10 
Wamo,  T.,  brtibm.  Aug.  15 
WA?,  D.,  drmis  mttab,  Oct  12 


WatMD,  X,  gat,  Feb.  U 
Weild.  W.,  j^JMiiiM).  No*.  S 
Westhead,  J.  P.,flrfiirie*.  JoM  8 
Wedon,  J.,  mo"  ""    '" 

WbutoD,  W.,' 


Wild,  W.,  rolorw  awoa,  L 

Wilibmitb,  J.  H.  &.  m^ibAa,  Dec.  31 
Wilkinwni,  W.,  eakt  ovou.  Nor.  18 
WilldnMm,  W.,  viea,  Dec  31 
WiboD,  E.  O.,  noMiBa  Jnau,  July  39 
Wlwn,  O.  F.,Mte,  Dec  28 
Wibon,  O.  F.,  mb  luMt,  Jan.  55 
WItoD,  H.,  taeU,  Sep.  21 
WilsDD,  R.,  roMory  tagiiua,  ima.  IS 
WilMii,  W.  G.,  me^Jm,  Dec  90 
Winfield,  R.  W.,  bnteMOb,  Nor.  3 
WinBeld,  R.  W.,  tmb**,  Sep.  14 
Wlihaw,  P.,  pipa,  Harcli  8 
Wood,  W.,  mavmg.  Haj  90 
Woodco<A,  A.B.,it«a«»i^iii,  Aug;  33 
WicMll,  T.tCloduandmMke*,  Mnll 
Wiiglit,  J.,  tuam.  Oct.  12 
Wriifat.  P. ,  t>>w  ioM*,  Aug.  SI 
YorE,  O.  J.,  nriolb  fatnaTNoT-  31 
Ya>m»J.,i^«V,  DM.S 
Yount  W.,  Ab  nuf  a>««*.  Aw.  21 
Young,  W.,  tmdtiag.  Ai«.  38 
Young,  W.,ii>iM£vtbwH4  Dae  2 
Zaimao,  J.  N.,  »kip.btilSag,  Feb.  a 


b,GoogIc 


479 


POETRY. 


LYRICS. 

FBOU  "  TBB  PRINOBSS :  "  A  MKDLKT. 

By  Alfred  Tennj/itm. 

Thbh  she, '  Let  some  one  sing  Us  as :  Ughtlier  mo 
The  minates  fledged  with  muBic : '  snd  a  maid. 
Of  those  beside  her,  smote  her  harp,  and  sang. 

"  Tears,  idle  tears,  I  know  not  what  the7  mean. 
Tears  firom  the  depth  of  some  divine  despur 
Bise  in  the  heart,  and  gather  to  the  eyea. 
In  looking  on  the  happy  Autnmn-fieldj, 
And  thinking  of  the  days  that  aie  no  more. 

"  Fresh  m  the  first  beam  glittering  on  a  sail. 
That  brings  our  friends  up  from  the  undeirorld. 
Sad  as  the  last  which  reddens  over  one 
That  sinks  with  all  we  love  below  tho  verg^ ; 
So  sad,  90  fresh,  the  dajs  that  are  no  more. 

"  Ah,  sad  and  strange  as  in  dark  summer  dawns 
The  earliest  pipe  of  half-awakened  birds 
To  dying  ears,  when  unto  dying  eyes 
The  casement  slowly  grows  a  gUnunering  square ; 
So  sad,  so  strange,  the  days  that  are  no  more. 

"  Dear  as  remembered  kisses  after  deotli. 
And  sweet  as  those  by  hopeless  Uncy  feigned 
On  lipa  that  are  fbr  others ;  deep  as  love. 
Deep  as  first  lore,  and  wild  with  all  regret; 
O,  Death  in  life,  the  days  that  are  no  more." 


Then  I  Temembered  one  myself  had  made 
What  time  I  watch'd  the  swallow  winging  sontli. 
From  mine  own  land,  part  made  long  since,  and  put 
Now  while  I  eang,  andmaiden-tike  aa  &r 
As  I  could  ape  their  treble,  did  I  sing. 

Cioogic 


480        ANNUAL    REGIST  E  R,  1848. 

*  0,  swallow,  svrallow,  Bjina,  flying,  south. 
Fly  to  her,  and  &!!  upon  her  gilded  eaTM, 
And  tell  her,  tell  her,  what  I  tell  to  thee. 

'  0,  tell  her,  Birallotr,  thou  that  knoweat  each. 
That  bright  and  Geice  sad  Ickle  is  die  eoutii. 
And  dark  and  trae  and  tender  is  the  north. 

'  O,  swallow,  swallow,  if  I  eeald  fellow  and  light 
Upon  her  lattice,  I  would  pipe  and  trill. 
And  chirp  and  twitt«r  twen^  nillion  loves. 

'  0,  were  I  thou  that  she  might  take  me  in 
And  lay  me  on  her  bosom,  and  her  heart 
Would  rock  the  snowy  cradle  'till  I  £ed. 

'  Why  lingeretb  she  to  clothe  her  heart  witi  love. 
Delaying  as  the  tender  ash  delays. 
To  clothe  herself,  when  all  the  woods  are  green  7 

'  0,  tell  her,  swallow,  that  (hy  brood  is  flown; 
Say  to  her,  I  do  but  wanton  in  the  south. 
But  in  the  nortb  long  dnce  mj  nest  is  made. 

'  0,  tell  her,  brief  is  life,  but  bve  is  long. 
And  brief  the  son  of  summer  in  the  north, 
And  brief  the  moon  of  beauty  in  the  sontb. 

'  O,  swallow,  flying  from  the  golden  woods. 
Fly  to  her.  and  pipe  and  woo  her,  and  make  her  nAae, 
And  tell  her,  tefi  her;  ^t  I  kHow  &xie.' 


On  a  sudden  msh'd 
Among  us,  all  out  of  fereath,  aa  pttraaedv 
A  woman-post  in  flyina  raiment.     Fear 
Stared  in  her  eyes,  and  chtilk'd  her  hm,  aad  wfaig'd 
Her  transit  to  the  thrane,  wherdiy  she  Ml, 
Delivering  seal'd  diapatn^iea  wbudi  the:  Bead 
Took  half-amazed,  and  in  her  lion's  mood 
Tore  open ;  silent  we  with  blind  surmise 
Begarding,  while  she  read^  till  over  brow 
And  cheek  and  bosom  brake  the  wrathful  bloom 
As  of  some  fire  against  a  stormy  cloud, 
Wfaen  the  wild  peasant  rights  himself,  and  the  rich 
Flames,  and  bis  anger  Fedaena  m  the  heavens; 


..Cioogic 


POETRY.  481 

For  anger  most  it  eeem'd,  vtule  Qon  her  breast, 

Beaten  vith  some  great  passion  at  her  heart, 

Palpitatod,  her  hacd  shook,  and  we  beard 

In  the  dead  hush  the  papers  that  she  held 

Rustle :  at  once  the  lost  lamb  at  her  feet 

Sent  out  a  bitter  bleating  for  her  dam ;  ehe  crush 'd 

The  scrolls  together,  made  a  sudden  turn 

As  if  to  speak,  but,  utterance  failing  her. 

She  whirl'd  them  on  to  me,  sa  who  should  say 

'  Read,'  and  I  read — two  letters— one  her  sire's. 

I  read; 
And  then  stood  up  and  spoke  impetuously. 

'  O  not  to  pry  and  peer  on  your  reserve. 

But  led  by  golden  wishes  and  a  hope 

The  child  of  regal  compact,  did  I  break 

Your  precinct :  not  a  acomer  of  your  sex 

But  venerator,  and  willing  it  should  be 

All  that  it  might  be;  hear  me,  for  I  bear. 

Though  man,  yet  human,  whatsoe'er  your  wrongs. 

From  the  fl^en  curl  to  the  gray  lock  a  life 

Less  miue  tbau  yours  :  my  nurse  would  tell  me  of  you; 

I  babbled  for  you,  as  babies  for  the  moon. 

Vague  brightness;  when  a  boy  you  atoop'd  to  me 

From  all  high  places,  hved  in  all  fair  lights, 

Came  in  long  breezes  rspt  from  iho  inmost  south 

And  blown  to  the  inmost  nortb ;  at  eve  and  dawn 

With  Ida,  Ida,  Ida,  rang  the  woods; 

The  leader  wild-swan  in  among  the  stars 

Would  clang  it  and  lapt  in  wreaths  of  glow-worm  light 

The  mellow  breaker  murmur'd  Ida,     Now, 

Because  I  would  have  reach'd  you,  though  you  bad  been 

Sphered  up  with  Cassiopeia,  or  the  enthroned 

Persephone  in  Hades,  now  at  length, 

Those  winters  of  abeyance  all  worn  out, 

A  man  I  came  to  see  you :  but,  indeed. 

Not  in  this  frequence  can  I  lend  full  tongue, 

O  noble  Ida,  to  those  tboi^bts  that  wait 

On  you,  their  centre ;  let  me  say  but  this. 

That  many  a  &mous  man  and  woman,  tonn 

And  landskip,  have  I  heard  of,  after  seen 

The  dwarfs  of  presage;  though  when  known,  there  grew 

Another  kind  of  beauty  in  detul 

Made  them  worth  knowing;  hut  in  you  I  found 

Mine  old  ideal  involved  and  dazzled  down 

And  master'd  while  that  after-beauty  makes 

Such  head  from  act  to  act,  from  hour  to  hour 

Within  me,  that  except  you  slay  me  here. 

According  to  your  bitter  statute-book 

VOL.XC.  SI  Google 


482       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1848. 

I  cannot  cease  to  follow  yon  as  they  say 

The  seal  does  musio ;  who  desire  you  more 

Than  growing  boys  Uieir  manhood ;  dying  lips. 

With  many  thousand  matters  left  to  do, 

The  breath  of  life ;  O  more  than  poor  men  wealth ; 

Than  sick  men  health — ^yours,  yours,  not  mine — but  half 

Without  you,  with  you,  whole ;  and  of  those  halves 

You  worthiest)  and  bowe'er  yon  block  and  bar 

Your  heart  with  system  out  from  mine,  I  hold 

That  it  becomes  no  man  to  nurse  despair, 

But  in  the  teeth  of  clench 'd  antagonisms 

To  follow  np  the  worthiest  till  he  die : 

Yet  that  I  came  not  all  unauthorized 

Behold  your  father's  letter  1 

On  one  knee 
Kneeling.  I  gave  it,  which  she  caught,  and  daeh'd 
Unopen'd  on  the  marble ;  a  tide  of  fierce 
Invective  seem'd  to  wait  behind  her  lips, 
As  waits  a  river  level  with  the  dam 
Ready  to  biust  and  flood  the  world  with  foam: 
And  BO  she  would  have  spoken,  but  there  rose 
A  hubbub  in  the  court  of  half  the  maids 
Gather'd  together ;  from  the  illumined  hall 
Xioug  lanes  of  splendour  slanted  o'er  a  press 
Of  snowy  shoulders,  thick  as  herded  ewes. 
And  rainbow  robes,  and  gems  and  gem-like  eyes. 
And  gold  and  golden  heads ;  they  to  and  fro 
Fluctuated,  as  flowers  in  storm,  some  red,  some  pale, 
All  open-mouth 'd,  all  gazing  to  the  light. 
Some  crying  there  was  an  army  in  the  land, 
And  some  that  men  were  in  the  very  walls. 
And  some  they  cored  not;  till  a  clamour  grew 
Ab  of  a  new-world  Babel,  woman-built. 
And  worse-confounded :  high  above  them  stood 
The  placid  marble  Muses,  looking  peace. 


moa  THE   SAME. 

"  Yea,  hut.  Sire,"  I  cried, 
"  Wild  natures  need  wild  curbs.     The  soldier?    No : 
What  dares  not  Ida  do  that  she  should  prize 
The  soldier?    I  beheld  her,  when  she  rose 
Tlie  yesternight,  and  stonning  in  extremes 
Stood  for  her  cause,  and  flung  defiance  down 
Gogc-like  to  man,  and  bad  not  shunn'd  the  death. 
No,  not  the  soldier's;  yet  I  hold  her,  king, 
True  woman:  but  you  clash  them  all  in  one, 
That  have  as  many  diSerencea  as  we. 

L.=.l,:sa:,G00gIC 


POETRY. 

The  Tiolet  varies  from  the  lily  as  fer 

As  oak  from  elm ;  one  loves  the  wldier,  one 

The  silken  priest  of  peace,  one  this,  one  that, 

And  some  unworthily ;  their  sinless  fiiith 

A  maiden  moon  that  sparkles  on  a  sty. 

Glorifying  clown  and  satyr;  whence  Uiey  need 

More  Dreadih  of  culture :  is  not  Ida  right? 

They  worth  it?  truer  to  the  law  within? 

Severer  in  the  logic  of  a  life  ? 

Twice  as  magnetic  to  sweet  iniluences 

Of  Earth  and  Heaven?  and  she  of  wfacnn  yon  speak. 

My  mother,  looks  as  whole  as  some  serene 

Creation  minted  in  the  golden  moods 

Of  sovereign  artists  ;  not  a  thought,  a  touch. 

But  pure  as  lines  of  green  that  streak  the  white 

Of  the  first  snowdrop  s  inner  leaves ;  I  say. 

Not  like  strong  bursts  of  sample  among  men. 

But  all  one  piece ;  itnd,  take  them  all  in  all, 

Were  ve  ourselves  but  half  aa  good,  as  kind, 

As  truthful,  much  that  Ida  claims  as  right 

Had  ne'er  been  mooted,  but  as  easily  theirs 

As  dues  of  Nature.    To  our  point ;  not  war ; 

Ijest  I  lose  all." 


PBOM  THE  BAMS. 

Dkep  in  the  ojgbt  I  woke ;  she,  near  me,  held 
A  volume  of  the  Poets  of  her  land ; 
There  to  herself,  all  in  low  tones,  she  read. 

"  Now  sleeps  the  crimson  petal,  now  the  white ; 
Nor  waves  the  cypress  in  the  palace  walk ; 
Nor  winks  the  gold  fin  in  the  porphyry  font ; 
The  fire-fly  wakens :  waken  thou  mih  me. 

New  droops  tlie  milk-white  peacock  lilie  a  ghost, 
And  like  a  ghoet  she  glimmers  on  to  me. 

Now  lies  the  Earth  all  Danae  to  the  stars, 
And  all  thy  heart  lies  open  unto  me. 

Now  slides  the  silent  meteor  on,  and  leaves 
A  shining  furrow,  aa  thy  thoughts  in  me. 

Now  folds  the  lily  all  her  sweetness  up, 
And  slips  into  the  bosom  of  the  lake ; 
So  fold  thyself,  my  dearest,  thou,  and  slip 
Into  my  bosom  and  be  lost  in  me. 


3  I  S 


.G<ȤF- 


INDEX. 


(N.B.  The  figures  wilUin  Crotchets  refer  to  the  Histeiy.] 

AociDENTB —  At  ihe  Eiuton  Squire  slation, 
London  and  Ninth- Western  Railwaj, 
81  lo  Eirl  PowH,  btal,  8;  at  Frimir, 

South- Western  Ru<<rY<  '^-  col'<>>o>i 
-'   ---   ■'■}  Arian  sun  Siaguduaina, 


rul  mining  acddeali  with  ffreat  Ion  of 
life,  43;  Bt  ShriTenham  riition,  Great 
Weatem  Railway,  Kven  penons  killed. 
64 ;  dreadfiil  boiler  eiploiion  at  Dud- 
le*,  75;  ■  dinner  partj  poiioned,  76; 
colllaion  on  the  North- WeMem  Raitwa;, 
79;  dreadful  gag-eiploBOn  in  Albanj. 
■treet,  100 ;  three  penons  drowned. 
106;  colliiiona  on  tbe  North- Western 
Railwajp,  107  1  boiler  explosion  on  Ihe 
Earl  qf  Linerpool,  two  pertoni  killed, 
107;  dreadful  storm  on  the  eait  couc 
of  Scotland.  100  litei  lott,  IDS;  hlal 
collirion  on  the  Preiton  and  Lancaster 
Railway.lOI;  bunting  of  areservoirat 
Orer  Darwen,  Kveial  Uvea  loM,  110; 
eiplouon  of  Gre-daicp'  at  Hindley 
Green,  115;  colliaiona  at  lea.  115; 
sereni  fatal  accidents,  115;  on  Ihe 
Bririol  and  Binaingham  Rulwaj,  120; 
at  Spitheod  seieral  persona  drowned, 
132;  fngiilful  collier;  eiptosion  near 
Whitehaven,  thirty  lives  lost,  137 ;  on 
the  York  and  Newcastle  Railway,  seve- 
ral livM  loM,  138  (fall  of  a  viaduct, 
"  i  full  of  a  sugar 
aw.    twenty    men 

.__,..       .    Richmond  Rail- 

nay,  I£l;  dreadful  catastrophe  on  the 
■t^m-boat,  Londonderry,  seventy-two 
persons  smothered,  161 ;  at  HuUseven- 
teen  persona  drowned,  164;  five  chil- 
dren burnt  in  a  ctrt,  168 

Acts.  List  or.  11  k  12  Vict.  Public 
General  Acts,  909;  Local  and  personal 
Act.,  declared  public.  314;  Prirale 
Acta,  priiUed,  321;  Priiale  Acta,  ro( 
tiii'iifeff,  323 

AlBeria.  subtnisaion  of  Abd-el-Kader, 
[1961  18 

Antiquities — A  valuable  torque  found  in 
Needwood  Forest.  77 ;  sale  of  interest- 
ing antiquities,  90 

AoeraiA — Account  of  the  population 
composing  the  Austrian  empire,  [402]i 


relatire  poaition  of  Hungatj  and  Croa- 
tia, tbe  Hunearian  Chamber  meets  at 
Pceaburff  and  address  tbe  Emperor; 
Meltemicfa  recommends  its  immediate 
dissolution ;  meeting  of  Ihe  Diet  of 
Lower  Austria,  the  Chamber  invaded 
by  the  mob.  [4031;  resignatioo  and 
flight  of  Mettemich,  [404];  [Htsctamatioa 
by  Ihe  Emperor,  loyalty  of  tbe  Ger- 
mans, [404};  ombhion  of  the  Hun)^ 
risns  ;  Baron  von  Jellachich  ai^inted 
Ban  of  Croatia;  the  KoUowialh  Mi- 
nistry, [4051;  pragnmme  of  a  ne* 
constitution,  [406]^;  new  Electoral  law, 
[407];  Ihe  mob  virtually  rule,  and  the 
Emperor  quits  Vienna  for  Inoipntct  1 
hostilities  between  tbe  Sclavc«ic  and 
German  racea  in  Bohemia,  dreadful 
atrodliea  on  both  aidea,  [408];  Pan- 
Sclavonic  Congress  convoked  at  Piuue, 
[409];  insurrection  at  Prague  which  is 
subdued  by  Prince  Windiachsrili ;  the 
Princesaahot,[410];Jellaehichconrokes 
a  Sclavonic  Diet  at  Agnm;  Jelladiich 
declared  a  rebel ;  the  Croats  ore  re- 
pressed, Jeltachidi  pardoned,  [410]; 
railure  of  attempt  to  reconcile  the  Hun- 
mriana  and  Croats,  [411];  Huuftarian 
Diet  opened  by  Archduke  Stejdien, 
[4111;  address  of  Kossuth  to  tbe  Diet, 
[412];  Constituent  Assembly  of  Austria 
opened,  [413];  tetum  of  tbe  Emperor 
la  Vienna,  his  cnlhusiaatic  rec^ioD, 

K13];  contest  io  Hungary  between  the 
agyan  and  Croats;  dmutatioD  of  tbe 
Hungarian  Diet  to  the  Emperor,  their 
discontent,  [414];  march  of  Jelladiicfa 
across  Hungary,  [415];  the  National 
Aasembly  reAises  to  receive  tbe  Hun* 
gaiian  deputation,  [415];  the  Hunga- 
rians break  vrith  the  Emperor  and  name 
KoBsulh  dictator ;  murder  of  Count 
Lambeig  at  Pestb;  the  Emperor  re- 
conciletflo  Jellachich,  who  u  named 
Commander-in-Chief,  (be  Hunguian 
Diet  diaaolved,  diaafliection  of  (be  troops, 
[416];  insurrection  at  Vienna,  nnnii- 
nary  contest,  and  massacre  of  Count  I4- 
lour.MinisIerofWar.  [417]  190;  Vienna 
remains  in  posaesnon  of  ihe  inaurgenta. 
the    Emperor  wilhdnna    to   Olmilti, 


INDEX. 


(a  HungBTj  and  iMrcbea  o 


□  Vienns  wilti  a  large  armv  and  join* 
Ihe  Ban;  lojalty  of  tbe  BohetDiana, 
[421];  Vienna  bonibvdedi  dreadful 
•cenpi  described  by  an  ejeirilnen, 
[4:22] ;  the  Hunganan  irmy  advancet 
Id  ill  relief,  and  njthdram )  the  cilf 
luirenderi,  [423]  ;  Robert  Blum,  a 
member  of  ibe  Cealral  German  Parlia- 
ment ibol,  which  cauie*  a  great  aenn- 
tioa,  [423];  (he  aimy  directed  agaiiut 
Ihe  Hunnriani,  [424];  Miniitry  of 
Prince  Fetii  Schwartienberg,  Diet 
nieeli  at  Kremiier  ;  reaignatioa  of  tbe 
EmpefDT  in  favour  of  hia  nephew, 
Franci*  John ;  proclamalion  of  Ihe  new 
Emperor;  ihe  Amtrian  empire  riKa 
through  iU  periK  [425] 
Austria — InuTTection  at  Vienna,  murder 
of  Count  Lalour,  130;  anecdote*  of 
Jellachlch,  Ban  of  Croatia,  131 

BANiRona,  Tails  dp,  ^6 

Be  LCI  DM — Their  atale  not  diiturbed  by 
the  French  Bevolution ;  a  body  of 
French  and  Belgian  rerolutiODiita  who 
crua  Ihe  frontier  are  captured  [353], 
45;  raeetinsof  the  Belgian  Chainben, 
[343  4] 

BlBTUB,  176 


California,  eilraordinanr  dbcoverie)  of 
sold  in,  171  i  referred  to  in  the  Preai- 
dent'i  meange  [437,444] 

Canada — Fint  Seaaion  of  anew  Parlia- 
ment opened  by  ihe  GoTeraor  General, 
■'  '     '■''"    an  emendment  to 

I,  the   Miniairy  re- 


ef hhochetier,  9 ;  coniecntion  of  the 

wme,  IT;  of  the  Biiliop  of  Hereford, 

10 ;  enlhroniiatinn  of  the  Aichbiibop 

of  York,  II 
Commercial  aflkin,  improved  aapecl  nf> 

at  the  commencement  of  the  jeu,  18; 

in    February,     Effect*   of    the    French 

Revolulion,  31;   commercial  cnai)  at 

Pari^  37  ;  atale  of,  in  April,  45,  60 ; 

Hale  of,  in  May.  74 
Corn,    Hay.     Straw,    Clover,   and 

Butchers'  Mbat — Average  price  of, 

325 
Cornner'a   Inquetli— on  «r  H.  Mildmay, 

12;  oa  Lord  George  BenUnck,  ISS; 

on  Viscount  Hidleton,  145;  on  Ann 


Coroner's  Ini^ueita — cotdiiaad. 
Pullen,  unmtenlionally  killed  by  her 
mother,  153 

Deaths— Ackera,  an.  275;  Adami, 
John  Quincy,  217 ;  Adam^  J.  251  ; 
Aderley,  miw,  J.  M.246;  Ailas,  dow. 
marx:b.  201 ;  Alii,  J.  P.  215;  Allen, 
mr>.  21 1 ;  Amyot,  mrt.  236 ;  Annes- 
ley,  mn.  260;  Andenon,  mn.  227; 
Aubrey,  H.  P.  T.  256;  Aihbortoo. 
don.  Udy,  273 ;  AthbuHon,  lord,  238  ; 
Aihby,  W.  A.  233;  Atkew,  capl. 
R.  N.  273 ;  AMiey,  P.  W.  262 ;  AMley, 
mn.  238; 

Babington,  It -col.  J.  200;  Back- 
bouae,  mrt.  206;  Baine^  £.  241; 
Baird,  It-col.  257  ;  Baker,  mita,  271  j 
Baldwin,  R.  231 :  Baring,  >ir  T.  225 ; 
Baring,  H.226;  Barlow. rev.  W.273; 
Barnard.  Ro.  262;  Barrow, lir  J.  266i 
Bastard,  mn.  216 ;  Baleman,  mn. 
259 ;  Batty.  iL-col.  264 ;  Bavaria,  elec- 
trcM  of,  233 ;  Baylej,  W.  256  j  Beau- 
man,  mn.2I9;  Bellchuiiben,mn.255; 
Be1oe,inra.  215;  Bentinck,  lord  G, 
252;  Bentley,  W.  H.  257;  Beie*- 
ford,  rev.  C.  C.  247 ;  Berwick,  lord, 
254;  Beneltua  242;  Bethell.  miaa, 
264;  Bethune,  It-gen.  A.  201;  Be- 
verley, cntM.  of,  211;  Bigg,  J.  274; 
Biggt,  A.  210;  Birch,  rev.  dr.  233) 
Bireett.com.  A.  937;  Biltleslon,  W.  J. 
231 ;  Blizard,  lady,  262;  Bolting,  W. 
m.  p.  248;  Bouveric,  miu  F.  276; 
Brandling,  W.  276;  Bridges,  cant 
R.  N.  258;  Brigga,  J.  223;  Brigsi. 
lady,  273;  Brisbane,  capt.  r.  D.  200; 
Britlon,  mra.226;  Brocklchunt,  mn. 
212;  Bruce,  rev.  11.  L.  Knight,  233; 
Bruen,  mio,  210;  Brunlon,  J.  237; 
Brydges,  mix,  273;  Brydgea,  miai  F. 
T.a09;  BuHer,H.-hon.  C.271;  Bul- 
ler,  C.  229;  Burdett,  sir  C.  W.247; 
Burgoyne,  n^it.  R.  N.  229 ;  BiiAe, 
J.  2^;  Burretl,  boo.  M.  H.  200; 
Burrell.  lady,  255;  Buirowa,  K.-gen. 
216;  Bute,  marq.  of,  221 

Callaway,  T.  264;  Campbell,  J. 
254;   Campbell,  iL-coi.  275;    Camp- 


214;  Carew.captR.  N.  233;  Carew, 
rev.  T.  262;  CaHitle,  dean  of,  247; 
CarlUle,  earl  of,  256 ;  Camac,  L.  236 ; 
Carrick,    T.    231  ;    Cavendlab,   mrs. 


244;  Chipchase,  mai.  259;  Christian, 


iai.259;  Chrii 
>pi>er,  It  W.  I 


Ctark,  raT.   0.  908)  CUTton,  W.  C. 
232;   Clea(«r,nin.  2S9;   Clelliiitl.lL- 

r.218;  Clendirning.dr.273;  Clive, 
220;  CosUM,  S.  216;  Cobb,  H. 
8S1;  Cobbett,mn.337i  Coehill.  luly, 
SaO)  Colleton,  lir  J.  R.  28B;  Co- 
Mnt,  J.  B.  SU7|  Cooper,  8.  273; 
Cott,  Inhopof,  237;  Courteni^,  E. 
273;  CnfcT,  mn.  226 1  Cnnier,  F. 
fUtl;  Cnmer,  dean,  347;  Cnwfbrd, 
mn.29B;  Otwfurd,  lidj.  991 ;  Ct«>- 
pign;,  mn.  946;  Cripnt.  W.  227; 
CroinploD,«rS.976;  CuIm,  luly  A. 
CuretOD,  br.-sen.  204 

Dilbwc,  0.  J.  2Wi  DrItcII.  nuj.- 
nn.SS6;  Dtmer,  mn.  259 ;  D'Arcy, 
ir.-col.  2IS ;  Davenport,  J.  274  ;  Daw- 
ton,  an.  904  ;  De  Cbalmibruad, 
Tl*ct234i  Dedel,but)n,299:  Deedei, 
It,^!,  H.  232;  De  Grey,  cntn.  234; 
De  Hmingt,  marchta.  of,  292;  Den- 
inkrk,klngFr«I.VIll.of,207iDeSl>c- 
poole,  due,  S37 ;  De  Stirck,  mr->dm. 
iM9;  D'Eile,  col.  ilr  A.  F.  276;  De 
Veutle.  nr  J.  231 ;  DeTey,  nin.  20a  ; 
Deronihire,  lady,  240;  DickKin,  mij.- 
gen.  3S0;  Digby,  rev.   W.  209]  Dia- 

Dot4[lit,  lord,  2fiO ;  iWn  h  Connor, 
bbbop  of,  280  ;  Downe,  dow.  rlsctsa. 


Deathi — aiiUaued. 

Orimilone,  bon.  miM,  301 ;  C 
P.  A.  903;  Gforer.c^  J.  199:  Giul. 
Umon,  viid.  997;  Ouiiot,  ■ 
223;  Guthrie,  apt.  J.  aS4;   ' 

H>erkem.mn.  202;  Halkttt,  Uij, 
224;  Hatl.Ud7,373;  Himbro, J.9&5i 
Hnmmond,  W.  J.  247;  Hareoort,  miM, 
264;  Kariaod,  nr  R.  946;  Harley, 
hon.  mil*,  270;  Hunt,  J.  274;  Har- 
rlHW,  E.  203;  Hanley,  mia,  250; 
HatekK-k,  lieut-coL  265;  HcMh,  C. 
904  i  Hebbert.  )wut  G.  P.  199;  Haroo. 

K.  262)  Hencbe).  mm  C.  L.  903; 
ee  DumiUdt,  duke  of,  933;  HoK 
Honiburg,i»ineeDf,201i  HeneHom- 
bun;.  landgran  of,  950;  HewKI,  lad;, 
209;  Hini^hliSe.  H.  J.  216;  Hotbm, 
rev.  P.  226;  Hwz,  dr.  220;  Holrard, 
lady,  209;  Home.  W.  A.  212;  [W 
raipLJ.284;  Hope. lady, 274 ;  Hon^v, 
capt  P.  J.  225;  Hothwn.  adm.  at  W. 
331;  Ho«ham,lieul.  W.273;  Howvd; 
R.  a225;  Honlej,  re*,  dr.  archbubop 
of  Canterbury,  214;  Hudson,  lieuL  J. 
259;  Hug^  mra.  S97;  Hum,  rvr. 
J.  H.  309;  Hunter.  T.  O.  200 

lbtiblQiPatha,2ei;  ItwleAeld,  rMT- 
adm.  21S;  Irrine.  It.  T.  J.  904 

Jirdine,  min  K.  202;  Johnson,  aid. 
277 ;  Jobnmi,  J.  215 ;  Jonei,  J.  336 : 
Jonei,  R.  237 ;  Jenynt,  rev.  G.  L.  21 


ir  J.  399;  Oiincombe,  T.  109; 
nny,  lord.  274 

EKot,  L.  0.  T.  949;  Etltolt,  H-cot. 
938)  Ellii,  com.  R.  N.227;  Elphin- 
ttone,tirR.3»7;  Eltou,W.26S;  Er- 
tkine,  D.  199;  Evelyn,  air  H.  250; 
BnreM,  iL-ool.  251 

Fariey.G.  229)  Fellowei,maj.916; 
Feveribam.  don.  lady,  261 ;  Fielding, 
lady  A.  B.  J.  205;  Finch.  Udy  M. 
258;  Fnber,  mr.  277;  Pitiroy,  lady 
M.  199;  Ford,  ll.-col.  R.  229;  For- 
BytK,  rev.  J.  H.  233;  Potter.  Tt.  hon.  lir 
A.  238;  Powler.hoD.  mn.960;  Prvke, 
col.  H.  J.  246 ;  Frere,  nin  L.  227 

Oaikell,  mn.  226;  Gibion,  tir  A. 
C.H.219;  Oilland,  major,  274;  Gilpin, 
rev.  W.  219 ;  Goddard,  rev.  di.  WO  ; 
Goldie,  gen.  A.  226 ;  Goold,  P.  249 ; 
OoMt.  niaj-ren.  dr  W.  222 ;  Gough, 
inTa.C19;  Or«luun,lady,264|  Granger, 
tice-adm.  W.  201  ;  Onnt,  Sir  J.  P. 
220;  Oran^  Vf.  T.  239;  Granville, 
C.  237;  Gnuon,  mn.  247;  Grason, 
R.  L.947;  GrMTea,W.275;  Grvville, 
IL  W.  RX27;  Grimilead,  nn.  267 ; 


.ins,  rear-i 
Klnnmill,  cf  G.  319; 
Knight,  mra.2S5;  Kyrle,i«v.  W.  H.906 
Lacon,  J.  E.  274;  Lafflui,  dr.  J.  de 
a23Sj  Lake,  viKl.  233;  Lamb,  huly 
M.  332;  Lambert,  m^.-gen.  S.  901; 
Lauder,  air  T.  230;  Laurie,  adm.  A 
R.  202;  Laurie,  lady,  201 ;  Le  De- 
•panoer,  do».  lady,  a)l ;  Lee,  A.  A, 
220)  Leech,  J.  199;  Leo,  W.  218; 
Leigb,  J.  242;  Leish,  rer.  T.  232; 
Lfiler,  lady,  233 ;  L'^afrange,  1l.-gen. 
"■■■      ■  ■     a.  251;    Lfcyd, 


I  C.  O.  2Sl;  Lot^e,  bdy,  219; 
X,  It-gen.  274 ;  Lowtber,  lady  L 
392;  LucB),  aid.  900;  Lucy,  W.  ¥ 


■Mi  Lijiata,  miH.  lat 
Hadeaa.  il.-gen.  air  J.  211 ;  Mait- 
iBad.gen.  F.S09;  Mancheater,  dudiea 
of,  264;  Mannen  Sutton,  mil)  A.231; 
Maplo,  adm.  J.  P.  199;  Markland, 
rear-adni,  J.  247;  Marloir,  mn.  300; 
Marryat,  capt.  R.M.  338;  Martin,  P. 
231;  Mamy,  lt.-col.2l9i  Mal»ii,adm. 
921;  MatMD,  Hn.  225)  Maxwell,  IL- 


INDEX. 


BCD.  nr  C  254 ;  Melbourne,  vinf.  967 ; 

Mejrick,  lir  S.  R.  224;  M-GralL,  mrs. 

258;  Midlelon,  tUcL  260;   Mildmay, 

*ir   H.    C.    205 1    Miles,   lady.  247 ; 

Miller,  W.  260;  Miller,  W.   H.  250; 

Milli.  mn.  238i   M'KerUe,  rear-adm. 

2a0:  M'MiKoD,  Udy,  225;   Moberly, 

o^  J.  205;  Motyneux,  lir  G.  209; 

MoDcrieSe,  tad;   E.  231 ;   Moor,   E. 

218;  Mony,  urlof,203j  Morgan,  G. 

200;    MMtlock.    W.   232;     Moubny, 

It'^oL  ur  R.  257;    Mudfonl,  W.  220; 

Munni,  lie  H.  227;  Mumy,  boo.  lady, 

225;  Munaj.captA.  8.248;  Murphy, 

P.  199;  Mumy, iL-gtn. 255;  Mum]', 

nr  J.  246  J  Myddeliou,  miai,  225 
Niptar,  maj.-t(GDi.219)  Neiive,iu'T. 

325;   NefiU,   C.  258;   Nenrnaa,  sir 

R.  W.20g;  Nichalai,ur  HarTi>,M); 

Nugent,  Udy,  S26 

O'Beinw,  mUa,  215;  O'Connell,  lt.> 

sen.  230;   Ord,  mn.  274;  Orme,   K. 

255;   Oibom,  sir  J.  247;    O'Shaugh- 

neny,  rery  rev.  T.  255;    0«fotd  and 

Mortioier,  earl  of,  276 

Pakini^oD,  lady,  216;  Palma.  mon- 
ugr.  263;  Palmer,  lady,  207;  Parker, 
tirW.  G.t£22;   Paryi,Woodbine.22g; 

Parr,  van.   204 ;    Puley,  lady,  264 ; 

Peacock,  >ir  K.  X.  109;  Pceblei,  col. 

T.  2UD:  Peel,  H.  254;  Peel,  L.  B. 
218|  Peel,  du*,270i  Pe«l,  R.246; 

PeuD,  W.SD2;  Peonyman,  luly,  227 ; 

Pepjt,  hdy,  332 ;   Perring,  lady,  337; 

Petre,  bon.  E.  R.  232 ;  Peyton,  lan. 
256;  Plumer,  U.  T.  H.  274;  Pole, 
■1111.215;  Polhill.capr.25l;  Portal,  J. 
227;    Powell,  A.  200;    Powell,  rev. 

D.  T.  233;  Powencouit,  dow.  viactas. 
225;  Powia,  eari of,  205 :  Pottys,  mn. 
274;  Pricbanl,  dr.  275;  Prime,  inn. 
236;  Procler,lL.col.J.220;  Purcbai, 
a^R.N.  234;   Pym,  lady.  226 

Raleigh,  C.  246;  Ranuey,  bon.  A. 
224 ;  Rathdowoe,  earl  or,  251  ;  Reid, 
bon.J.  206;  Replon,iniit,227;  Rey- 
Dell,  IL^CD.  air  T.  213;  Reynoldi, 
capt  &.S.  255;  Rice,  capt.  H.273i 
Richards.  G.  274;  Richardaon,  ll.-gen. 
J.273;  Ricbardii>a,nrH.251;  Riven- 
dale,  lord,  225  1  Roberts,  capl.  ur  S. 
274;  Hoberti,  mn.  255;  RobiUDii, 
dr.  231;  Rocfatbrt,col.212;  Roaamel, 
■dm.  223;  Roaa,mlH,227;  R[»e,mra. 
273;  Rofa.  h.-cal.  W.  246;  Ron, 
mq.  271 ;  RoMer,  W.  U.  230  ;  Rossi, 
cooot,  263;  Rowe,  G.  220;  Russell, 
bishop,  234;  RuiKlt.  capL  R  N.  271 ; 
RuiloD,  II.  O.  A.  P.  248 

Sampaon,  E.  244;  Saumarei,  bon. 


Deaths— CMfinuadL 

mill,  208;  Saio  Gotha  Altenburg, 
dow.  duch.  oF,  216;  Schouher,  Cher. 
223 ;  Schmmlhaler,  Ludmg,  ran.  262; 
Scou,  lady,  242;  Scott,  not.  S26; 
Scolt.  rev.  R.  256;  Scolt,  W.  259; 
Sealy,  T.H.  237:  Selwyn,  IL-col.  C.J. 
190;  SclOD,  ^r  H.  W.  238;  Seymour, 
loTd  G.  220 ;  Sheppard,  air  T.  C.  235 ; 
Sherlock,  col.  204;  Short,  mi*.  246  ; 
Shuard,  mr.  257;  Sbuttlewanh,  P.  U. 
271;  Sicker,  It.  G.  204;  Skelton,  W. 
246;  Skurray.  rev.  F.  2^;  Smilli, 
nire.260;  Sinjihc,  miss,  216;  Somer- 
8et,lordG.  216;  Sophia, princesa,230; 
SoreU,  col.  211 ;  Spurrier,  J.  W.  262; 
Staunton,  W.  259;  Slavordale,  visct. 
^9;  Steele,  T.  232;  Slcpheuson,  Q. 
244;  SlcphensoD,  J.  237;  St.  John, 
H.  240;  Stoddan,  rear-adm.  211  ; 
Slonhouse,  sir  J.  274:  Strong,  mn. 
270;  Slrutl,  roaj.-gen.  213;  Stuart, 
lady,  201 ;  B»alne,  rear-adm.  204 

Taylor,  T.  G.  227;  Taylor,  lady. 
231;  Templer,  maj.  G.  260;  Ten- 
Dim,  W.  258;  Thomas,  lady,  aOB; 
Thomas,  It.-gen.  W,  207;  Thomas, 
miss,  218;  Thom,  nua.  232;  Tbom, 
W.  219;  Tollemache,  hon.  A.  ^4; 
Tooke,  mn.  215;  Trail,  lady  F.  224; 
Troilope,  rev.  A.  251 ;  TurberrUle, 
R.  T.  206;  Twining,  dr.  263 

Uhlhoff,re>.  H.  213;  Upton,  T.  S. 
220;  Usher,  Teu--adm.  sir  T.  201 

Vemcr,  mn.  204;  Vernon,  hon.mra. 
273;  Vincenl,t[en.200;  Vitian,mr*.3t9 
Walker,  J.  M.  250;  WalUo«^  mra. 
215;  Wallia,  gen.  244;  Walmsley, 
mrs.  213;  V/alA,  air  E.  273;  Ward- 
U»,  iL-gea.  J.  272;  Ward,  ton.  254; 
Ward,  W.  230;  Ward,  W.  Z.  L.  230; 
Ware,  dr.  270;  Warrand,  capt  R.N. 
229;  Warren,  vic&4dm.  222;  Watben, 


.   258; 


rx. 


'att,    Jan 


WeUler,   I 

and  rev.  t     _    _.  . 

Welsh,  T.  209;   Wemyas,  maj.  J.  255; 

Wctl,  B.  238 ;  Wharton,  com.  J.  847 ; 

Wmi«a,J.247i  Williamson,  bdy,  203; 

Wilson,   A.   270;  Wilson,  sir  Oiffin, 

242;  Wilson,  miss,  213;   Winchilaca. 

catss.  of,  237;  Wodehouse,  hon.  and 

rev.  A.  249;  Wood,  lady,  234;  Wool- 

ridgc,  msi.-gen.  219:  Wooten.  R.  350; 

Wonley,  mrs.  218;  Wriubt,  J.  S.  232; 

Wright,  J.  W.  204 

Ximenes.  It.-gLU.  sir  D.  246 
Yorke,  H.  G.  R.  m.p.  227;  Yorlie, 

O.  A.  272;  Young.  It..«il.  sir  W.  220 
ZKbokke,  H.  233 


DSHMAHK— Death  of  (he  King  Oiriitiui 
VIIL;  Frederick  VII.  Hjcceeds  and 
promulgale*  ■  oew  Conilitulion,  [338]; 
ioHiiTecIioo  in  the  Daniih  Wert  India 
Iilandi,  93 —  See  Schlesvig.Uoi^ 
BTEIH 

ElectioDi— for  NoKh  Chnhlre,  Horalutn, 
aod  Cheltenham,  83 ;  at  Leiceater, 
Derbj,  Cheltenhim,  and  Bolton,  124; 
forthe  Eait  Riding  oT  Ynrkibire,  167 

BxeeuliODi — of  Patrick  Rcid  (br  the  Mir- 
fieldmurden,8 

Finance  Accodnti  for  the  yewr  1848— 
f.  Public  Income,  290;  ii.  Public  Ex- 
pnidilure.  S92;  iii.  DiqK»ition  of 
Granb,293;  iv.  Unflind«d  Debt,  302; 
T.  Public  Funded  Debt,  304;  ri. 
Trwie  and  NarigUion,  306 

Fnt«  ~  Tbe  dtj  of  Chagre*  detfrojed,  9; 
at  St.  SaTiour'i  Churcli,  Southwark, 
10;  tbe  Bauatt  Meainer  deitroTed, 
40;  at  Limehoiue,  58;  in  White. 
chapel,  71 1  bridge  of  Ihe  South  Wale* 
Ilailwi;  at  Newport  deatrofcd,  72; 
•imilsr  accident!,  72;  SaiKlaD  Hall 
dolrojed,  76 1  fbufiil  conflagrationi  of 
larsB  ciliea,  Constantinople,  Orel,  Zell, 
Mtd  in  the  United  Stale*,  93;  fearful 
conS^^ioD  of  the  Ocean  JlfoHarcA,lou 
of  nslirei,  110;  at  Whilechapel,  and 
loMoflife.lSO;  fital  are  in  Oray't  Inn 
Lane,  140;  dettiuctlve  Gre  at  Man- 
cbeHer,  151 

France — Great  magnitude  and  varielj  of 
event!  on  the  Continent  during  IM8, 
unpanllcled  rerolulion*  and  disturb- 
ances, p94]i  pcnition  of  the  Ouiiot 
MiniAv,  ill  unpopulsritj.  [195];  and 
of  Louu  Philippe,  etpecially  hli  view* 
of  bmil;  asgrandiKinent ;  death  of 
hi>  sitter.  ItbSime  Adelaide;  aurren. 
der  of  Abd-el-Kader,  [196];  violation 
of  engasemenli  with  the  Kmir,  [197]; 
Icller  of  Ihe  Emir  to  Louis  Napoleon, 
[198];  discuiMoni  on  the  Addresa, 
foreifEn  polity,  M.  Mcsnord'a  motion 
for  Reform,  [100]^;  tbe  Addreia  voted 
in  the  Peen.  [201];  the  Budget  for 
Ihe  year,  [203] ;  policy  towards  Swit- 
lerland,  [203];  Speech  of  M.  de 
Montaleinbert,  [304];  defence  of  M. 
Guiiot,  [205];  the  Reform  Banquets 
become  subject  of  discuaion,   [206]; 

r:h  of  M.  DucbAtel,  Minister  of 
Interior,  [207];  discreditable  dis- 
cussion leapecting  the  sale  of  offices, 
[206];  defence  of  the  President  of  the 
Council,  animated  debate,  [209  — 
212];  discussion  of  Ihe  pangrqihi  of 


France —amlanitJ, 
ilie   Addreat  in  the  Chamber  of  De- 
pulie*,  [212];  Gnaitee,  {3131:  foiv^ 
a&in,    Italy,    speech    of    M.    Thien, 


fbnn,  [222}:  the  Eefbrm  Baaqneta, 
their  political  nature,  Ihe  NatHoal 
Guard  called  upon  to  atteod  in  dbw 
form,  [226];  motion  for  impeadmiait 
□r  Ministers,  [227] ;  asKmblige  of  *ast 
crowds  in  Puis,  \^] ;  fomalioa  of 
barricades  on  tbe  23nl  of  Pefaruai7, 
mobs  pande  tbe  itreeti,  ajt^ing  nn>- 
lutionuy  songs,  the  troopi  fire  on  the 
mob  at  the  palace  of  Foreign  AflUrs, 
[228];  commencement  of  the  ivtoId- 
tion,  [2291;  M.  Guiiot  rengns,  H. 
Thiers  and  M.  Od'JIon  Barrot  lake 
oBice,  I  heir  proclamation  annouDcc* 
the  ceasatton  of  hostilities,  tbe  mob 
s  from  the  military, 
Louis  Philippe  an- 
nounced, [2301;  the  regency  of  the 
Ducbess  of  Orleans  reje^ed,  ibe  mob 
break  into  tbe  Chamber  of  DepiOie^ 
fe«flil  scene,  [231];  a  PtotwoboI 
Government  formed,  [233];  san- 
guinary combat  at  the  Palais  Rn^l, 

which  is  carried  by  atorm,  [2341:  Aigbt 

Inn  of  Ihe  King  and  Royal  Family  ftma 
Paris,  [235];  Ihe  King  and  Queen 
proceed  to  Honfleur,  whence,  after  s 
abort  concealment,  Ihey  embark  fiir 
England,    and    land    at    Newhaven, 

gS3B] ;  proclamation  of  Ibe  Prorisiofial 
ovemmeot,  Ihe  army  in  Algeria  ac- 
cept Ihe  RevolulioD,  and  the  Princes 
de  Joinville  and  d'Aumale  quit  Ihe 
province.  Site  of  the  rest  of  tbe  Roysl 
Family,  [2371;  nek  of  the  TuUencs 
by  the  mob,  [238];  proceeding*  of  tbe 
ProviiloDsl  GovemmeDt,  [2%];  dis- 
appearance of  all  emblems  of  loyaltri 
[241];  sack  of  Neuilly,  private  pn>- 
perty  in  gcnenl  mpected,  religion 
■  ;   fbrmation  of  a  Go- 

;  wonderful  eloquence 
~ ,  and  its  astoniib- 


perty  in  general 
respected,  [242] ;  1 
vemment,  (243];  n 
of  M.  de  Lamortin 


tionol  Aisembly  decreed,  it*  ooraposi- 
tion,  [245];  monifealo  of  the  Minnter 
of  Foreign  Afiin  (M.  de  Lamartine) 
well  adapted  to  tranquilliie  the  lesn  of 


INDEX. 


opentiTei  id  comequence,  remon- 
MiBDce  of  the  HiniiWr  of  Public 
Worki,  [253];  the  Bimncial  Hmns»- 
DKOti  of  the  new  republic,  [234] ;  M. 
Goudcfauii  leaigns  ihe  Minutrj'  of 
FiuDce,  and  n  lucceeded  by  M.  Gar- 
niet  Pagit,  [255] ;  run  on  the  Buik  of 

tj nupeauon  of  caab  pBjnien'- 

and  of  -     '--'-    ""'"^     "^ 


b;  that  a 


/other  bwka,  [258];  the 
uoTeniDient  propose  to  telle  on  Ihe 
rwlroMb,  [256];  outline  of  ihe  "or- 
sanintioD  of  labour"  propoied  by 
Louii  Btanc,  [259];  danseroui  closa 
of  CWiNwiiitru  or  SocitOBlt,  [2601; 
(ledion  of  repreaentatiret  lo  the  St- 
lional  Aaaembly, 
for  Paiii,  [261] 
treme  democrati, 
Ihe  Naliona]  Aiieinblj,  addreia 
Dupont  de  I'Eure,  [265];  oath  of  al- 
legnnea  abolidied,  [266];  the  Re- 
public proclumed  by  the  Anembly  in 
the  preacDce  of  the  people,  [266} ;  the 
Protinooal  Goternment  render  an  ac- 
count of  Iheir  acti,  [267];  and  are 
TDted  to  hare  deaerred  well  of  tbeir 
oountry,  [269];  election  of  the  Eie- 
entira  Cammitlee,  a  mmitlr;  ap- 
poioled,  [270]-.  diaconlent  out  of 
doon,  fbraution  of  cluba,  [270];  the 
Anemblj  invaded  bj  the  mob,  Aigfat- 
fiil  wene  of  diiorder,  M.  Hubert  pro- 
clainii  the  Natioual  Anemblj  dioolved, 
[271];  the  mob  expelled,  and  their 
leaden  armted,  [272]-,  Gen.  Cour- 
tait,  M.  Louie  Blanc,  M.  Caiusidiere 
accused,  [278] ;  iddioa  of  tlie  Eie- 
cDlife  to  the  people,  [274];   ' 


purcbaae  of  the  railwejs,  [274]; 

iibancee  at  Lyoni,  [275];  the  ex- 

>yal  bmily  baniued  fi«in  Frai 


Louis  Blanc  impeached, 
[276];  Loula  Napokon  Buonaparte 
elected  a  deputy,  but  decline*  to  take 
hia  leat,  [276];  i^riupIotDa  of  a  conter- 
vative  fMlinii,  apeech  of  General  Co- 
vaignac,  [278];  deftnee  of  the  Eie. 
cuUve  Committee  by  M.  de  I«niar' 
line.  [280];  plan  of  the  ConMitulinn, 
[281J ;  report  on  the  national  aldiers, 

Emnnciat  workmen  ordered  to  quit 
'aria,  [282];  anolber  revolulion  re- 
■olTed  on,  Uie  icaurgenta  leiie  the 
principal  noinli.  and  erect  banjcadea, 
■      ■■'  l(!»4]i 


General  Carainiac  nude  dictator, 
firm  conduct  of  Ihe  troop*  and  Na. 
tionsi  Guard,  [285];  lereral  memhen 
of  the  National  Ajiembly  killed,  tbe 
troopa  gain  nuund,  [286];  the  Arch- 
biihop  of  Poria  and  aome  genera] 
oSicen  killed,  [287];  the  Clo*  St 
Laure  taken,  and  the  revolt  tup- 
prosed,  [287];  General  Cavatgnsc 
reaigni  the  dictatonhip,  and  ia  made 
Pt^ident  of  the  Council,  [2881; 


Ibe  iniurrection*,  [289] ;   the 


Goremmenl  ie>ol>e  to  tuppm  ._ 
national  workihops  allngelher.  [2911; 
project  of  the  Constilutioo,  [291];  <rf. 
Stial  report  on  Ihe  atate  of  Pari*, 
[294];  Prince  Louis  Napoleon  take* 
hia  aeat  in  Ihe  Asembly,  hia  apeedi, 
[296];  the  lejjiiialiTe  power  Confined 
to  one    Assembly,    [296] ;    dUcuiuon 

[299];  the  Conatilution  voted,  [302};' 
charges  aguntt  General  Cavaignac  and 
his  masterly  defence,  election  of  Pre- 
sident of  the  Republic,  Prince  Louia 
Napoleon  chosen.  [303] ;  exposition  of 
the  principles  of  his  policy  by  M. 
Odillon  BatTOI,  [905] ;  rise  and  ftU  of 
the  popular  fsvouritea.  [307]^ 
France— The  alate  of  Ihe  hinds,  27; 
anecdotes  of  the  eacape  of  the 
Kojral  Family,  31 ;  commettrial  cnais, 
87;  some  paiticutan  of  the  aacB*- 
sinalion  of  General  8r£a,82;  ill-health 
of  ihe  ei.Royat  Family  at  Clartmont, 
153 

Germany — Reflections  on  Ibe  political 
atate  of  Genneny,  [355] ;  the  effect*  of 
the  French  Recolution  are  felt  through- 


[357]; 

Cassel,  [356]. 

of  the    King  for   I 


a  difturbwices  in  Hesse 
■el,  [356].  Bavakia,  infiUuatioD 
the  King  for  his  mistreaa,  Lola 
Montes,  insutredion  at  Munich,  the 
mob  seiie  Ihe  areensl,  [350] ;  the  King 
Louis  reaigni  the  crown,  and  is  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son  Maiimilian  IL, 
[360].  SaxoNV— Disturbanoei  aX 
Dr^n,  [360].  HaNoifEm— The 
Ring  yields  to  the   demands  of  tlto 


[361];  the  Prince  of  Leiw  „_  ._ 
nouncea  his  aeignorial  rights,  [362]  ; 
great  meeting  at  Heidelbei^  on  ^id 
March,  the  vor-paHamtnl  conroked, 
[363] ;  second  great  meeUng  at  HeU 
delbwg  on  96<h  March,  [363];   ihe 


INDEX. 


vor^rlaMtnt  meeb  li  Frankfnt,  March 
aO,  [364] ;  Uw  on  the  CretOioa  of  > 
PnovuioDkl  Cenlral  GoieniEnent  for 
Gennuy,  [365]  i  tbe  Archduke  Joha 
of  AuMiia  elected  itctcAnwrwiMr,  or 
Regent  of  the  Empire,  [366] ;  Report 
"      "       ■     ■   1  fcr  United  Gcr- 


■Memblage  of  molutionuti  at  Frank. 
fbtt  Kbo  •(tempi  to  ovcnire  the  Ptriii- 
mcnt,  nDituinarf  conteit  id  (he  itieels, 
[9691;  murder  of  PiHne«  Lidmomki 
and  Major  Auemrald,  the  iniunectioii 
ii  put  down,  [370] ;  the  Aiutriu  ques- 
tion, [371].     Sf  Au«rKU,  Pbhibia 


110 

India— Tbe  Sikhi  io  tbe  Punjab,  [IST]; 
Moollan  placed  under  the  govenunent 
of  Moolnj,  propoiod  change  of  go- 
KmmeDl,  and  tir.  Vani  Agnew  and 
IJeut  Andenon  lent  to  take  charfte, 
Ihey  are  baibarouilj  murdered,  [428] ; 
Lieut.  Ednrde*  fiathen  •  naliie  force 
with  which  he  ddeati  tbe  inaurgenti, 
jcHU  Colooei  Contandt,  end  defeat* 
the  enemv  again,  and  in  a  third  and 
fourth  aelKili  defeala  Motdraj  in  pemn, 
and  driiea  him  into  Uoollaa,  [439], 
1 14 1  General  Wbiih  besiege*  Muollan 
with  a  large  force,  paitlv  Sikha,  [430]  ; 
■he  huurrectlon  apreadi,  Gen.  whish 
allacki  Moolun,  duiing  the  engage- 
UCDt  Shere  Singh  dram  off  hii  fon«, 
and  late*  the  lead  of  the  inaurreclion, 
[438] ;  a  large  arm*  colieoled  under 
Lonf  Gouf^  tlUal  akinniih  at  Ram- 
nugsWf  [4321  i  the  Sikh  armv  retires, 
[434].  Hoollan— Gen.  Whlih,  having 
RceiTed  large  reinforcementi,  reaume* 
tbe  ai^e  with  great  tuctxm,  [434] ;  en 
accouDt  of  ibe  (torming  of  ibe  citadel 
by  an  eve-witness,  1S4 ;  an  aocennt  of 
Lieut  Edwanka,  131 

Indian  Aichipetago,  umucceadiil  attadu 
of  Ibe  Dulofa  on  Ihe  pinle^s  1 14 

Ikblamd  ((m  Pahuament),  slate  of, 
44,59)  curious  sSnT  at  Limerick,  £9; 
conviction  of  one  of  the  murderer*  of 
Major  Mahon,  90;  fsecaulioniin  mea- 
Biirea  to  suppreia  an  outbreak,  93 ;  dis- 
tricts proclainied,  93;  reward  offered 
for  the  aimt  of  O'Brien  and  others, 
94 1  Use  alain>,  95;  tbe  allacli  on 
Widow  Cwnuck's  bouse,  95 1  arrest  of 
Mr.  O'Brieo,  96;  prooeedings  under  a 


Special  Commi^f 
EoniB,343:  and  Clonniel.354i  Stale 
Trials ;  hri^  of  O'Brien  and  Member 
fOT  sedition,  364;  trial*  of  Mitcheli  and 
Martin  for  fetonj,  373i  trial  al  Smith 
O'Brien  fw  hi^  treaioo,  389;  of 
M'Msnus  for  b)gb  treosoo,  445;  of 
Thomas  Franeia  Meagher  fcr  high 
treason,  451 
Italy — at*  Sasdihia.  LoiUAaj>Y,  Pa. 
PAL  STATEa,  Nailu,  and  Sicily 

Law  and  Police  — Robber;  of  fiOOO 
aoTereigns  boat  the  Great  Weateni 
Railviaj,  9 ;  eilenute  fiauda  al  Bir. 
minghaiii,  15;  Joseph  Adf,  tbe  leUer- 
wriler,  checked,  21 ;  action  bj  one  of 
the  suflerers  by  tbe  explosion  of  tbe 
Crititl,  22;  will  foigeriea,  Lieut. 
Bowen,  23;   at  Pert,  £4;  the  ilave- 


24 ;  ewe  of  Bunn  r.  Lmd,  SS;  ei- 
lenure  embexilemenl  at  the  Christ 
churcb  Bank,  30;  fraudulent  emt- 
riage,  Samuel  Brown  coatided  of 
contempt  of  Chancer;,  33;  robber;  of 
gold  dust,  value  700UI.,  35 ;  Chartist 
disturbances  in  London,  35;  and  tbe 
protincea,  36;  robber;  of  Mr.  and  Dr. 
Bowring,  38;  Chartist  meeting  on 
Kenniiiglon  Common,  39 ;  tnal  of 
Ann  Fiiher  for  murder  al  EietH-,  40 ; 
Regina  v.  Latimer,  trial  al  EnKer  ht 
libel  on  tbe  Bishop.  41 ;  trial  of  Hai; 
Howclls  and  James  Price  for  murder, 
at  Monmoulh,  42:  the  Queen  «.  Gut- 
leridge,  Ihe  Bishop  ot  Manchesta, 
47;  of  Bepjamin  and  James  Haaell 
for  murder,  St  Taunton,  47)  Irial  of  the 
Chartist  rioters,  48;  examinAtiOD  of 
William  Tomkins,  charged  wilh  mur. 
der,  in  WeslmioMar,  55;  extraordiaat; 
chaigea  of  murder  againal  Lord  Loigb, 
62;  triala  of  Ihe  Chartist*  Fussell, 
Emesi  Jones,  and  other*,  85;  stden 
notes,  nngular  case,  66;  trials  for 
paasing  forged  cheques,  eingular 
scheme,  88;  Irial  of  Wejbur;,  the 
porter,  fur  causisg  the  acccideni  at  ibe 
Shrivenhain  Statioo,  Giemt  Western 
Railwa;,  89;  the  TrM7  Peeiage, 
singular  deteclinn  of  a  forger;,  M; 
singular  case  of  idenlii;,  Sca^kdlmi 
V.  Sejnnke,  101 ;  Irial  of  Hancbard 
for  poisoning  198  sheep,  106)  trials 
for  sedilion,  113;  poisonings  in 
Essex,  117:  trial  of  the  Chartists, 
Cu&y  and  olhen,  121 ;  trial  of  Bfsm- 
mell  for  bigam;.  shocking  depiBvIt;, 
185;  trial  of  Mullins,  •  CGMtisI,  137; 


INDEX. 


trial  of  Emma  BeaunMnI  and  other* 
for  anoD,  199 ;  trial  of  Hn.  LiodSeld 
aad  anolbei  for  (mxniring  abottHm, 
139 1  itrange  accufation  of  (he  Ba- 
nntM  8l  Mart,  146;  trial  of  the 
Scotch  Cfanrtiili,  150)  Lord  Camp- 
bell'* Act,  ATJa  V.  Nugee,  162:  I>eai- 
dea  V.   LondoD    and   Norlb-WeMcni 


FreDci>,ie5 

Law  Cases,  tet  Trials,  and  State 
Tbials 

LoHBARDV — Diiaffeclion  of  the  Loia- 
budi  to  the  Auatriana — quamb  be- 
t»eeD  the  militajy  and  the  populace, 
[9161 ;  piepuBtions  for  an  iniurrectioD, 
nhich  breaks  out  at  Milan,  [819];  the 
Auilriani  arc  drivan  out  of  Miiui,  and 
retire  to  Mantua  and  Verona,  pro- 
claoiatioai  of  both  sida,  [3^];   Ve- 


King  of  Sardinia  marches  hia  Ibrcea  to 
their_  aniiUDce,  [331];  bia  forcea.  and 
opening  of  the  campaiBTi.  obMinale 
enttaffement  at  Verona,  [3^];  ntgc 
of  Ptncbiera,  [323] ;  the  Auitriani  arc 
driven  back,  but  Radetzky  tuddenlj 
colledi  hia  forces,  and  cntiretT  defeats 


litter  retreat  in  creatdiaorder  to  Milan, 
cloaelr  panued  bf  the  Auattiana,  and 
Ihs  King  abandon*  Milan  vithaut  a 
Miuggle,  [325]!  ihe  Auilriani  enter 
Milui  bj  s  conTention,  and  an  amii- 
tke  ii  concluded,  [326] 

MAKBIAOSfl.  IBH 

MaBUAOEB,     BuTH*,     AHEt     DEATHS, 

Table  of,  for  Ibe  Yean  1838  to  1848, 
390 
HETBOBOLoaicAL  Tajlb,  32S 
HiHiaraY,  the,  a  it  itood  at  the  r^mag 

of  Parliament,  172 
MlscBLLANEona— The  National  De- 
fencei,  Duke  of  Wellinglon'g  letter, 
&;  eltenatve  (hiuds  at  Birmingham, 
15;  the  Caffre  war,  five  officers  mas- 
ncred,  17;  Abd-el-Kader,  hb  sur- 
render, 18;  protection  ill  demonslnl  ion 
on  the  river  Thames,  22;  ftinera]  of 
the  ArchlHibop  of  Canterbury,  26; 
dislurbances  in  London,  35;  and  in 
the  province!,  36;  birth  of  a  princess, 
99;  Chartist  Meeting  on  Kennjngton 
Common,  39;  piracy  and  mo-Hfacre  on 
the  Omtrai  Wood,  50;  ;^al  Chartist 
' — = 0  the  10th   April.  50; 

Cbartitt  'demonstml 


MiicelUneous — eotitauad. 
the  Chartiiu  in  the  north,  59;  the 
CobdcD  teslimonial,  60;  the  EkH- 
bitioD  of  the  Royal  Academy,  61 ; 
arrinlof  a  Chineie  junk  lor  eihibition, 
63;  sale  of  the  Buckingham  estates, 
65;  mssucre  at  the  New  Caledonian 
Islands,  66 ;  sale  of  Ibe  Redleaf  Col- 
lection of  Kctures,  66;  chriitening  of 
the  Princess  Louisa,  68;  the  Shak- 
•peare  Fund  amateur  performances, 
68 ;  Epsom  Races,  69 ;  the  new  iteam 
bana  al  Portsmouth,  69 ;  sale  of  illu- 
minated manuscripts,  kc..  70-,  death 
of  H.R.H.  (he  Princosi  Sophia,  71; 
her  funeral,  76;  Chutist  dialurbiuices 
in  London,  73;  desih  of  J.  J.  Aster, 
bii  immense  wealth,  74;  sale  of  Sir 
Thomas  Baring's  pictures,  74;  adinner 
party  poisoned,  76 ;  disgraceful  riot 
•t  Dniry  Lane  Theatre  against  a 
French  Comnny,  79;  Cbailitf  dis- 
turbances at  BoDner>  Fields,  SO;  ar- 
rest of  Chartist  leaden,  148;  (rials  of 
the  Bonner's  Fields  Chartists,  80; 
Ascot  Races,  80;  Si.  Augustine's  Col- 
lege, Canterbury,  81 ;  aMSMiaation  of 
General  Br^.  some  parttcutais,  62 ; 
electioni  for  North  Cheshire,  Horsham, 
and  Cheltenham,  83;  pedealriaakm, 
84 ;  consecration  of  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic cathedra],  SL  Oeorge's  m  the 
Reld*.  84;  the  SpitalOelds  biU,  87) 
■uspeniion  bridge  at  Niagara  Falll.  89; 
the  Pension  List,  90;  Goodwood 
Races,  90;  fearful  confl^ntions  of 
citie*  and  lowns,  90;  sale  of  the  &- 
inoui  Pembroke  collection  of  coins, 
96;  the  Tracy  Peerage,  singular  de- 
[ploaion    in    Albany 


,   lOOi 


arrests  of  Cbartut  leaden,  104;  Co- 
logne, the  cathedral,  festival  at,  104; 
hurricane  In  the  West  ladies,  110; 
burning  of  the  Ocia  JUoisanA,  and 
losa  of  178  lives,  110;  prorogation  of 
Parliament,  118;  great  capture  of 
whale*,  119;  the  colonnade  of  the 
Regent's  Quadrant  removed,  120; 
■udden  death  of  Lord  George  Ben- 
linck.  123;  elections  at  Leicester, 
Derby.  Cheltenham,  and  BoKon,  124  ; 
tbe  sale  at  Stowe,  125;  the  cholera, 
its  expected  appearance,  and  precau- 
tionaiy  measutea.  129;  iniunvction  at 
Vienna,  murder  of.  Count  Latour,  180; 
anedotes  of  Jellaobich,  Ban  of  Croatia, 
131;  account  of  Lieutenant  Edwardes, 
131 ;  sale  of  the  picturea  at  Nenlle 
Holt.  137 ;  reform  at  Cambridge,  great 
in  tb*  studies,  141 ;  Tint  of 


the  Frencfa  Nitknial  Giurd  10  LondoD, 
I43i  nut  of  CuL  LjDch,  U.S. 
Na>7,  lo  tlw  D«a  Sea  ind  Sea  of 
HbniM,  143;  pincy  in  the  Mediler- 
laocao,  [Juiider  of  tbe  Utnt  Sitbn, 
148;  trul  of  tbe  Soob^  ChutiMi,  150; 
tjpbooti  in  the  ChincK  Seai,  many 
■nvcki,  152;  tbe  exiled  Rayal  Fimil; 
of  Frence,  153;  drexHul  calutropbe 
OD  the  MeuD-boat  Lietiicmdetr),  ktchIj- 
Vwo  penon*  vnolhend,  Ifll ;  exploaoo 
of  euDpowdcT  on  tbe  Eotern  Cimnlie* 
Rulmj,  16G;  eketioD  for  tbe  E«t 
Riding  of  Yoik,  167;  ber  Maje*!;'* 
prinle  theatre,  169;  blat  aecideiit  >l 
tbe  Tidcra  Theatra  tn  "haiii^ 
nigfat,"  169;  gold  fiodiDg  in  Cali- 
fornia, 169 

Hooltan— Tlw  njib  of  Mooltan  defeated, 
114;  nege  of  tbe  citj,  nanalife  b]f  an 
eye-nitne**,  124;  «  IkDIa. 

MoBTaLtTT,  Taiu»  OF — Summary  of 
the.  326 

IfiTaDBas— At  Nailiea,  1 ;  double  mur- 
der m  Golden  Lane,  2;  tbe  Miifield 
murden,  eiecution  of  Patrick  Reid, 
8;  at  Leedi,  13;  of  a  lohlier  in  St. 
Juoei^  Park,  19;  bj  higfaxaymen  at 
Hiodeddd,  22;  atteinpt«l  munln-  in 
St  Gilea,  S6;  at  Kirtoo  Liony,  38; 
trial  of  Ann  Fisber  for  poooiUDB  her 
hudaiM],  at  Exeter,  40;  of  Mary 
Howelli  and  Jame*  Price,  at  Mon- 
mooth,  4ti;  tbe  Dundry  murder,  trial 
-  "    ■     ■  ■    ■  me.  HaieJU  47; 

;  oT  tbe  boy 
__  n  SpilalGeldt,  SS;  eilraor- 
7  diargea  of  murder  agaimt  Lord 
"* ;  double  murder  in  Hunt- 
,  71 ;  flippoied  murder  or 
■luoae  at  Batterm,  77 ;  muiden  and 
•uidde  at  Brirtol,  78 ;  in  the  Hntne  of 
Corredion,  Coldbuh  Tieldt,  78  ;  oh^ 
rictioa  of  one  of  tbe  rourdeitn  of 
Major  Hahoo,  90;  at  Peorilb,  92; 
tninder  and  auicide  at  LiTcrpool,  123; 
treble  nunder  in  Ireland,  131;  Ser- 
jeant Grant  murdered,  and  hia  par 
caah  box  nnied  off,  at  Pinoiuto<Tn, 


SlanSeld  Hall,  sear  Wjrmoodbam, 
munler  of  Mr.  Jermj  and  hn  ion,  Hn. 
Jermy  and  awid-serrant  wounded,  by 
J.  B.  Riab,  155;  of  a  policeman  at 
Bradford  by  a  CbartiM  mob,  I6A 


[3291;  hu  ui 
boalilitie*  agi 


Napletand  Sicily— Mialnsedl 

I  withdrawn,  [334];  iannaelion 
I,  [334];  nuguinaty  cos- 
in  tbe  itreett  of  Na^ei,  in  wbicfa 
tbe  King  ii  vidorioiH,  [9351;  iat 
SieiliatM  declare  the  Buinboii  ApaOj 
depoaedi,  and  oAr  tbeir  Crown  lo  the 
Duke  of  G«Baa.  [336];  tbe  Kiaf  of 
Naple*  protcm,  and  tbe  Duke  of  Gema 
dedinea.  [337];  tbe  Kii^  muk  an  ex- 
pedition agaimt  HeaMM,  which  wm- 
teoAen  after  a  bombankneBt  of  hot 
d«j».[337] 

NBTaeaLANDS,  The — Their  extreme 
tranquillity,  .the  conriitiilioo  reriaed, 
[352] 

ParaL  States^  Organiialiaa  of  the 
EieoitiTe,  [328J;  the  Pope  pmrniai 
rilntioii  to  lui  ubjecl*, 
iwillingnea  to  ei^age  in 
imat  AuHria,  [399];  tn. 
me,  a  new  Hioiitiy  ap- 
pointed, [330];  Count  Roaa  aMas- 
•inated,  [330];  ina 
a  rerolutianaty 
[331] ;  tbe  Pope  fliea  from  Rome,  and 
lakct  reAuK  in  tbe  Napolitan  tefritorr, 
[332]  ^^ 

PARUAMINT  —  ReaMcmbka  after  Ae 
Chtitfmai  bdidan;  comiilina  tf  tkt 
Wett  Imtiam  GAhuM  the  pniMnent 
fiibjeet;  Lord  George  Benlinck  morea 
for  A  Select  Commitlee,  in  bia  apeech 
renewi  bii  own  poMtion  tn  n  ■[■  1 1  to 
the  Colonial  inttitM,  [2];  the  Cliaa- 
cellor  of  tbe  Eicfaequerin  reply.  [5]; 
Mr.  J.  WilttiD,  [6] :  Mr.  TboL  Barag, 
[8];  Mr.  Bemal,  [9];  motion  anced 
to.  Loan  lo  tbe  Cotonia  propoaed; 
their  dioresaed  condition,  [10];,  reme- 
dial meaiure*  propoaed  br  Goremmcnt, 
tbe  Sugar  Dutin  Bill.[ll];  reccired 
with  great  dinppr^ibatian.  imm  hiliaiii< 
of    ^    J.    Pi^mgton, 


:  [141;  « 

x>fd  G.  : 


.   [13] i 


aion.  Lord  G.  Bentinck  dnrget  tbe 
Ctdonial  Office  with  imiiiiiawiin  doco- 
menlt,  [16];  debate  returned  and  oon- 
tinued  at  great  length,  T17];  Sir  Ro- 
bert Peel'*  ipeeclh  [19]:  ~~ 
rejected,  [21] ;  diacwaion 

tee,    Mr.    Brighfi  a„ . 

ntbor  amendmenla,  Mr.  Barkly%  [3S[: 
Mr.  BouTerie'a,  [26]  l  the  Sugar  Du- 
liei  Bill  paced  lliroogh  tbe  Commooh 
lSb]i  disciueion  in  tbe  Lordi,  Earl 
Grn  defend!  tbe  Colonial  Office  from 
Lord  G.  Bentindt'a  imputation,  [26] ; 
Lord  Stanley,  Lord  Bniugfaun,J27j; 
■ecood  reading  of  the   Sugar  Dultea 


INDEX. 


D«nm*n,  f 


in,  31 ;  BiJI  puwd,  [32] 
Faumeial  Affain—Gtaerti  diualis- 
fution;  dUference  of  Tiew»  cs  to  Ibe 
DatioDil  defence*;  Lord  J.  RuMell's 
BniDciil  lUteilient,  [84];  ealimate  of 
expenditure  and  rerenue,  ^35] ;  re- 
viem  our  lelelioiu  with  foreign  •tatee, 
r  Hate  of  preparation,   [S6] ; 


propoHa  to  in 
to  I*.,   and  t 


e  the  1 


t  for  t 


e  Tax 


T^i 


eatiaiatei  to  a  Select  Committee,  [40]'; 
Government  abandon  the  ■URinenta- 
tion,  Chancellor  of  the  Eicbequer'< 
meech,  and  debate,  [43];  Mr.  Hoi 
■nan-i  plan,  [47]  ;  Mr.  Mui 
that  it  be  extended  one  ; 
Sir  R.  Peel  defendi  bit  n 
policji  Lord  G.  Bentinck  attaclu  Sir 
It.  Peel'imeaturea,  1501;  Bblf  defended 
by  Mr.  J.  Wilmn,  [Al] ;  three  nighU' 
debate,  gpeeches  of  Mr.  Diiraeli,  Mr. 
Cobden,  Lord  J.  Riisiell,  BmendmeaC 
rejedeil,  [55] ;  Sir  B.  Hall  propane*  to 
extend  (he  Income  Tax  to  Ireland,  re- 
jected, l&S] ;  unlatiilactor;  condition 
of  the  Qaaneei,  and  •talEment  of  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  [56]; 
propoaei  to  borrow  3,000,0001.,  pro- 
ponl  Terr  unpopular,  diacunion,  [60] ; 
tioTt^mment  measure  paiwd,  ies] 

The  Nani^atitM  Lawt — Their  ol- 
tetatioD  required  bj  the  Free-trade 
parly.  Government  pledged  to  lome 
Mep  in  regard  to  them,  [64] ;  Mr.  La- 
boucbere  propoaea  the  plan  of  OoTem- 
■nent  for  their  madificalion,  hii  yery 
'  le  ipeech,  [65]  ;  the  alterationa  pro- 

■  ■ '  '"8] ;  plan  itronglj  oppoaed  by 
Bealinck  and  parly,  and  de- 
bate, [69]  1  reaolution  moved  by  Mr. 
Herriei  for  munlaining  the  principles 
of  the  NaTigation  Uwi,  [71]  i  Mr. 
Lahoucbere'i  ilefence  of  the  Gorem- 


[771;  Mr.  Diiraeli,  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
[7H];  Mr.  Herries' retolution  defeated 
by  a  majority  of  117,  [80]  ;  Minitlerial 
meature  poitponed  to  next  year.  [81] 

JoBith  Ltitahilitiei  Rtntoval  Bill— 
Cauaei  of  ili  introduction,  [6t];  eo- 
eountera  great  oppoaition  in  Parlwnent 
and  in  the  country,  amendment  moied 
by  Mr.  A.  Stafford,  [811;  debate,  Mr. 
W.  P.  Wood,  Ur.  M.  Milnea,  [82]- 


poaed,  [6f 
Lordd.  1 


diou 

earned  by  majority  of  73,  [87] ;  Mr. 
Goring*!  amendment  on  conudering 
Report,  [87] ;  dinnuuon  on  the  thii4 
reading,  [88];  Bill  paued,  [891;  Bill 
unliiTOutBbly  received  in  the  Mouse  of 
Lords,  [69];  Earl  of  EUenborougfa 
movea  its  rejection,  [90] ;  it  i>  nip- 
ported  by  the  Duke  of  Argjle,  Bishop 
of  St.  David's,  l<ord  Brougham,  and 
Earl  of  Ellesmere,  and  oppcoed  by  the 
Duke  of  Cambridge,  Lord  Slanlej, 
Earl  oF  Wincheliea,  and  Bishop  of  Ox- 
ford; second  reading  reftued  by  ma- 
jority of  35,  [93] 

Irtland  —  Disaffected  and  critical 
state  of  the  country,  [05];  a  rebellion 
breaka  out  headed  by  Mr.  Smith 
O'Brien,  its  ignominious  defeat,  [05]; 
delerminalion  to  alrengthen  the  hands 
of  I  he  Executive,  Lord  J.  Runell 
moiet  the  Suipeniion  of  the  Hah^ 
Corpus  Act,  (06);  debate  in  the  Lords 
on  (he  Earlof  Glengall'smolion.  [06]; 
dec'isivc  declaralion  of  the  Marouis  of 
Lanjdownc.  [97-99];  Bill  for  the  Su*- 
pension  of  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act  in- 
troduced by  Lord  J.  Rusiell,  [JOO] ; 
Sir  R.  Peel  supports  the  measure, 
[102]  1  the  measure  generally  support- 
ed. Mr.  S.  Crawford^  amendment  ob- 
taining 8  votes,  [107];  the  Bill  ii 
passed  through  all  its  stages  the  Bine 
day;  the  day  but  one  following  ( Moo- 
day)  it  is  introduced  into  the  House  of 
Lords,  and  is  again  passed  in  one  daj 
ncn.  CUR.,  [1091;  genenl  debate  on 
the  prospects  of  Ireland  on  Mr.  S. 
Crawford'ii  resolution,  [100];  debate 
thereon,  declaratiou  of  Sir  G.  Grey 
and  Lord  J.  RusKll  respecting  the 
'-'-'-    Church,    [113];     resolution   r 


ehowa  by  ibe  Lord  Chancellor,  [114]; 
it  is  generally  supported  and  passed  by 
the  Lords,  meets  oppoaition  in  the 
Commons,  and  is  much  altered,  [U7\t 
SJT  I.   rt'iirifin  mnvH  itg  extension  to 


Sir  Jame*  Grabsm,  [118-120];  t 
ments  to  the   Bill  agreed  to  by  tbe 
Lords  and  it  is  passed,  [121] 

Doaatie  Affain— Great  tranquil- 
lity of  this  country  amid  ibe  connil- 
■ions  abroad ;  dengns  of  the  Chartists, 
[124];  their  contemptible  diatuihance*  I 
the  great  demiHulntion  on  Kenning- 


tm  Coumoa  on  (be  IDlh  April  a  total 
Uinc  [125];  ttmir  petiliDi]  is  pre- 
tamM  to  tibe  Houn  bj  Mr.  F.  O'Con- 
DOT,  and  leadi  Id  a  lidicnloia  cipotora, 
[IXi];  the  CroVD  aDd  GoTcnimeiit 
Becvntf  Bill  intiixluced  (od  ciplained 
bf  Sir  G.  Gre;,  [128];  Gr«  rnding 
cvriad,  [190]  ;  debUe  on  lecand  i«^ 
iofr.  ipMcfa  at  Mr.  Smitli  CBrien. 
[190] ;  riiTMDUi  replr  of  Sir  G.  Gicv. 
rUlli  debate  oa  Ae  Bill,  Lord  J. 
KimmU^  MatcmeBt,  [  I  Si] ;  imoimI  md- 
nw  canied.  flM]  i  pntmacioai  oppo- 
■tMM  Id  tbe  Bill  m  Conmittoe,  [I94]i 
Hr.  a  Haitia  objadt  to  daun  ir"":~~ 

,    OB,  tiaet;  1 

appnaed,  Sir  R.  Ped  a*o**  Ui  appn- 
badoD,  [1S7]  ;  ibird  iMdhwcwried  by 
maturity  of  25S,  [138] ;  Bill  generally 
apfwomd  of  by  ibe  Lonk>  ipeeehea  of 
Lord  Staaley,  Lord  Brougbani.  tbe 
Duke  of  WaUiiigtoa,  [140];  Loid 
Desman,  and  b  dhhI,  {140];  (be 
Aliem  RcoKiTtl  Bill  iDbnluced  into 
the  Lonk  aod  ti  pond.  [140] ;  en- 
muDten  opooaitioD  in  the  Commoiu, 
•peccb  of  SirW.  Moktwonh,  [141], 
■od  the  Attoran- General ;  the  Bill  u 
pMsd,  [142];  Mr  Hume'i  motioD  for 
the  exiennon  of  the  electite  fiaii- 
chiie.  hii  wedi,  [1421 ;  Mr.  Dmm- 
mood,  [146] :  Lord  J.  RumcII  opfxaet 
(he  motion,  (,147];  debate,  Mr.  W.  J. 
Fo«,  Mr.  Dinaeli,  " '"' 
debate,  Mr.  B.  (Mh 


19] ;  adjoi 
D,  Serjeant 


Form  J  _^ 
don*  letlh  aornt,  nefotiatKia 
Minto,  Bill  intmdaeed  in(a  the  Lords 
by  dw  Hanjuu  of  Lantdovne,  [IS6] : 
oppoied  by  the  Eari  of  Wincbebea, 
BUiop  of  WoR;<Mer,  nipported  b* 
Disbop  of  ei.  David's,  1137];  tbe 
Duke  of  Wellington,  Lord  Stanley, 
opposed  by  Bbhop  of  Exeter,  [158]; 
Eari  Grey,  Duke  of  Richmond.  Bail 
St.  German*  for,  Eart  of  Eldon  aDwiut 
tbe  Bai ;  antendment  wlthdnwo,  [159] ; 
It  by  Duke  of  Wellington  a> 
"'  to  of  (be  Pope  isrried, 

J ,  od  into  the  Commons 

by  Lo(d  Palmeirton,  [160];  OMMsed 
17  Mr.  Anatey,  Sir  R.  Inslis,  [l61]; 
defaale,  neechea  ot  Mr.  Mo<H«,  Lord 
J.  Rumil,  Mr.  H.  Dmmmond,  Mr. 
H.  4.  O'Coimell,  Hr.  GladitMie,  Lord 


vrt 


Amndd  in  ftnur  of,  Mr.  I^tr,  Hr. 
Napio-.  Hr.  R.  Pdmer,  Hr.  Newde- 
gate,  Mr.  Goulburo  agsjnt  die  Bill ; 
seeood  mding  carried,  [161-166]; 
MnJDglj  oppowid  in  Comnutlec,  but  is 
oiTied,  [tdfl];  die  Aflain  of  Nipiea 
and  Kdly,  Laid  Stanley's  mobon,  at- 
tacks tbe  polin  of  GortrnBeot,  [166] ; 
reply  «r  Lord  Minto,  [168]  ;  tbe  poUey 
of  Gonnnent  tomrdf  Naples  and 
Austria  in  bdy  engage*  nllesiiinsi, 
[168];  attack  of  Hr.  Dwadi,  [IW] ; 
policy  defended  by  Loid  Palnenton, 
11711 :  Spain,  abroM  disnisssil  of  Hr. 
Bulnerfmrn  Madrid  givca  rin  to  mnefa 


■•  t"?li. 


ject,  pointed  out  by  Lordatantey,  [175] ; 
eiplanalion  of  Marquis  of  Laosdowne^ 
remark*  of  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  [1T7] ; 
■ubted  bniogbt  bebra  the  Comanos 
by  Mr.  Banbes,  [ITS] ;  detenoe  c«  Go- 
ramment  by  Mr.  Shell,  Loid  Maboo, 
Lord  J.  BiMsell,  [180];  speecbea  of 
Hr.  Disraeli,  Sir  R.  InglB,  Sir  R. 
Peel,  [182]  ;  Lord  Palmenton,  [1891 ; 
Hr.  Hume,[lS4];   "  -  ■         - 


QcrEEM  in  person,  Mr.  Speaker^  Ad- 
dress to  Her  Majeity,  [1911;  (be 
Qdeeh's  Speech,  [19^ 

I^tiament.  prorogation  al,  by  Her 
Majesty  118. 

Patrnti,  475 

PofraY.  479 

Pope,  the,  his  fltgbt  finm  Rome,  160; 
Papsl  rescript  to  tbe  Roman  CaAolic 
Clergy  of  Itdand,  90;  aas  Italt, 
Papal  States. 

PoRTCOAL  —  Her  tranquil  ooodiliMi 
during  tbe  year,  [S15];  ehaitce  of 
HiniWT,  [316] 

PosEN,  OftAND  Ddcrt  OF — InstDtec- 


rVanktiirt  Assembly  on  ibe  jniliUon  line 
drawn  in  Posen,  [396];  Gennan*ien 
of  die  Poliih  queation,  [898] 

PSOMOTIOKS,  277 

Pbcssia  —  Bpeedi  of  tbe  King  on 
closing  Ibe  Pnewan  United  Ket, 
[375] ;  efTecta  of  the  PravA  Rcrohi- 
tion  on  Pmsna.  [3761;  mnaikable 
prodamation  of  the  Krng,  wbo  puts 
liiawdf  at  Ibe  bead  of  Ibe  motemeDl, 


b,GoogIc